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Henry Eustace McCulloch

Henry Eustace McCulloch (December 6, 1816 – March 12, 1895) was a soldier in the Texas Revolution, a Texas Ranger, and a brigadier general in the army of the Confederate States during the American Civil War.

Early life
McCulloch was born in Rutherford County, Tennessee, one of twelve children of Scots-Irish American Alexander McCulloch and French-American Frances Fisher LeNoir. Henry's father Alexander, a Yale University graduate, was a descendant of Captain Nicolas Martiau, the French Huguenot settler of Jamestown, Virginia and ancestor of President George Washington. Alexander was also an officer on Brig. Gen. John Coffee's staff during the Creek War of 1813 and 1814 in Alabama; his mother was a daughter of a prominent Virginia planter. The family had been wealthy, politically influential, and socially prominent in North Carolina before the American Revolution, but Alexander McCulloch had wasted much of his inheritance and was unable even to educate his sons. (Two of Henry McCulloch's older brothers briefly attended a school in Tennessee taught by their neighbor, Sam Houston.) After several moves, the family settled at Dyersburg, where one of their closest neighbors was Davy Crockett—a great influence on both McCulloch and his older brother, Ben McCulloch, who also would become a Confederate brigadier general.

Texas career
Henry McCulloch shared in his brother Ben's economic attempts in the 1830s, including transporting goods by raft on the Mississippi, once all the way to New Orleans. When Davy Crockett went to Texas in 1835, Henry McCulloch and his brother made plans to meet Crockett's Tennessee Boys at Nacogdoches on Christmas Day. However, Ben contracted measles and was bedridden for several weeks and while ill convinced his brother Henry to return to Tennessee in November 1835. Luckily, the illness kept them from arriving with Crockett at the Alamo.

In 1838, both Henry and Ben McCulloch were making a living as surveyors. They also made a reputations as Indian fighters. Both took part in the Battle Creek Fight against the Comanche Indians in Navarro County, also known as "The Surveyors' Fight". In 1839, Henry McCulloch was on the muster roll of Capt. Mathew Caldwell's "Gonzales Rangers". Also in 1839, Ben was elected to the Republic of Texas House of Representatives after a contentious campaign that included assorted slanders between the candidates. As a result, Ben fought a rifle duel with his opponent, Reuben Ross and received a permanently crippling wound in the arm. The matter was considered closed but it flared up again the following year, this time involving Henry, who killed Ross with a pistol.

On August 20, 1840, McCulloch married Jane Isabella Ashby, daughter of John Miller Ashby and Mary Harris Garnett of Kentucky, who had been early settlers in the DeWitt Colony, which was centered on Gonzales. They had twelve children, most of whom remained in Texas.

Later in 1840, McCulloch took part in the Battle of Plum Creek, acting as a scout against the Comanches and being wounded. When a Mexican raiding force under Gen. Adrian Woll invested San Antonio in September 1842, he served as First Lieutenant of a company of volunteers from Seguin. He again operated as a scout, including infiltrating enemy lines, and commanded a spy company at the Battle of Salado Creek. With his brother, Ben, he subsequently took part in the failed Somervell expedition and both men were ordered to leave shortly before most of the Texans were captured at Mier, Mexico in Tamaulipas, December 25, 1842.

He was elected sheriff of Gonzales in 1843 and also opened a mercantile business there. The following year, he moved his family permanently to Seguin.

There are several letters written in the 1890s (now in the possession of the Texas State Library) in which McCulloch describes his (and his brother's) activities during the Texas Revolution and under the Republic.

In December 1847, McCulloch was in command of a Ranger company in Burnet County and established what became Fort Croghan. When the War with Mexico began, he took command of a volunteer company patrolling the same area of the western frontier against Indian raids. He continued this service after the war as captain of a company of Texas Mounted Volunteers out of Fort Murrill, and also operating a Ranger post in Kimble County.

He served in both houses of the Texas Legislature from Guadalupe County, being elected to the House of Representatives in 1853 and the Senate in 1855. Among other subjects, he introduced bills to regulate the use by slaveowners of "manager slaves" and to acquire the Alamo as a state monument. He then received an appointment as U.S. marshal from President Buchanan for the eastern district of Texas, and was a delegate from Guadalupe County to the Texas secession convention in January 1861. {His brother Ben had been 1852 US Marshal for the eastern District of Texas}

Civil War
A few days after the convention voted for secession from the union on February 1, 1861 (though before the necessary referendum), the Texas Committee of Public Safety established a Provisional Army, in which McCulloch received a commission as colonel. On March 4, he was appointed commander of the 1st Texas Cavalry Regiment, also known (especially to its officers) as the 1st Texas Mounted Rifles. The unit was recruited from several counties in central Texas to serve for twelve months and was the first Texas cavalry regiment to enter Confederate service. Its mission was to maintain a line of patrol from the Red River southwest to the junction of the Concho and North Concho Rivers, a point near present-day San Angelo.

McCulloch was acknowledged by his superiors and others for his emphasis on precise discipline and gentlemanly conduct in his regiment. His training methods included complex cavalry and infantry maneuvers as well as sabre-fighting and the proper care of horses and equipment. Many Texas units maintained only lax rules of propriety and organization, but the 1st Texas remained a cohesive and loyal unit, disbanding only under the proper orders.

After receiving word of the action at Fort Sumter, McCulloch moved five companies to confront any federal troops remaining in Texas who had not yet embarked at the port of Indianola, but en route he received orders from Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn to intercept a federal force northwest of San Antonio. On May 9, McCulloch's troops, numbering some 1,300, captured the 8th U.S. Infantry near San Lucas Springs.

Late in June, McCulloch crossed the Red River with Maj. Edward Burleson to ensure the friendliness (or at least the neutrality) of the Wichita and Caddo Indians, following this with a warning that any raids across the river into Texas would bring retaliation—and over the following year, there were in fact a number of engagements between elements of the 1st Texas and Indian raiding parties. The success of the Texas troops in suppressing these raids is shown in the fact that the number of raids actually decreased during 1861 and 1862 from the numbers reported in previous years.

In September 1861, McCulloch, now a brigadier general, assumed temporary command of the Department of Texas until the arrival of Brig. Gen. Paul O. Hébert, and in December was named to command the new Western Military District, comprising that part of the state west and south of San Antonio. Early the next year, he was ordered to assume co-command of Texas State Troops being sent to Arkansas.

On September 6, 1862, following the death near Little Rock of his co-commander, Allison Nelson of Waco, McCulloch took command of the new Texas Division and organized it into four brigades, ultimately taking command of the Third Brigade himself while the division as a whole was under the command of Maj. Gen. John G. Walker. The division was attached to the District of Arkansas, Trans-Mississippi Department, and by April 1863 it was in Louisiana, where it took part in the Red River Campaign, the Camden Expedition, and the Battle of Milliken's Bend, which was an early phase of the Vicksburg campaign. In July 1863, the division arrived in Alexandria, Louisiana, where McCulloch was replaced by Col. George M. Flournoy. McCulloch was approached as a candidate for governor of Texas late that summer, but declined in order to remain on active service.

In 1864 and 1865, McCulloch was again in north Texas and in charge of the Western Sub-District of Texas (the entire District now being under the command of Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder), where he was active not only in dealing with Indian raids but in pursuing and arresting Confederate deserters and bushwhackers. At the end of the war, on his return to his home in Seguin, he found it necessary to travel with an armed escort because of threats against his life by deserters.

Postbellum career
In 1874, he was active early in the administration of Gov. Richard Coke, especially in helping to physically remove Edmund J. Davis from the executive offices. In 1876, as a reward for his services to Texas, he was appointed superintendent of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum (later the Texas School for the Deaf) in Austin. Though a respected military commander, he proved an inept civil administrator and a legislative investigation forced him to resign his position in 1879; he was succeeded in that office by Col. John S. "Rip" Ford, his old commander in the Rangers.

The retired general apparently enjoyed his retirement, frequently receiving distinguished visitors in his home, giving interviews and engaging in correspondence with inquiring historical writers, and was in regular demand as a speaker at July Fourth festivities throughout central Texas. He was also a trustee in the local Methodist Church. Henry E. McCulloch died March 12, 1895, at Rockport, Texas, and was buried in San Geronimo Cemetery in Seguin. He received a full masonic funeral, having been an active freemason after the War in the Guadalupe County lodge. His widow, Jane Ashby McCulloch died in 1896.

Camp Henry McCulloch was located at "Nuner's Mott", about four miles north of the present city limits of Victoria in Victoria County. It was the training site in the fall of 1861 for several infantry and cavalry companies of the 6th Texas Infantry Regiment, CSA (at the time when McCulloch was interim commander of the Department of Texas). A Texas state historical marker was erected at the site.

The Gen. Henry E. McCulloch Camp #843 of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, Texas Division, Central Texas Brigade, is located in Brownwood, Texas.

Popular culture
His wife, Jane Isabella Ashby McCulloch, was a sister of Sarah Ashby McClure and Euphemia Ashby King, two of the main characters Janice Woods Windle's historical novel True Women, which was made into a TV movie.

title: Henry Eustace McCulloch


text: Talk:Vostok 1

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Vostok 1


text:
Fred T. Jane

John Fredrick Thomas Jane (6 August 1865 – 8 March 1916) was an author, war gamer, and founding editor of All the World's Fighting Ships and All the World's Airships.

Biography
Jane was born in Richmond, Surrey, England, but worked most of his life in Portsmouth. His father was a Church of England vicar. He attended Exeter School. He first began to sketch warships in his teens. In the 1890s he illustrated scientific romances by George Griffith, as well as for his own science fiction novels, such as To Venus in Five Seconds (1897), and The Violet Flame (1899).

Jane first published All the World's Fighting Ships (known as Jane's Fighting Ships after 1903) in 1898, which detailed the world's navies. It was an immediate success, becoming the standard reference work on the topic. The Naval Warrant Officer's Journal suggested that the book be on every ship, and in 1902 said that it should be available to every naval officer. The Admiralty were less enthusiastic, partly due to Jane's irreverent behaviour - although many ships did acquire copies.

In 1909, he created All the World's Aircraft.

Jane's firm has passed through a number of ownership entities. IHS is the current publisher.

Jane was an accomplished maritime and naval artist whose works were widely published. Those illustrations are now collectable.

He was also involved in politics, standing as an Independent candidate for Portsmouth in the 1906 general election. He was strongly opposed to the Liberal Party (especially its left wing) and when a left-wing Liberal candidate Edward Hemmerde was nominated in 1910, he arranged a stunt to disrupt their election campaign. At another public meeting, Jane arranged for a sailor to ask Hemmerde to insist on the supply of hammock ladders should he be elected: Hemmerde fell for this gag and gave the pledge. He also once kidnapped MP Victor Grayson in a political stunt.

His Portsmouth home, on Southsea Common, now bears a plaque recording that he lived there.

In later life Jane lived at Bedhampton, and was instrumental in setting up one of the first Boy Scout troops.

Jane's health had been in decline when he contracted an influenza virus in December 1915. Complications of this virus, and congestive heart failure, would shortly prove fatal. On March 8, 1916, Jane passed at his home in Clarence Parade, Southsea, Portsmouth. He was survived by his second wife Muriel, and his daughter, Dorothy. He was buried with his first wife, Alice, in Highland Road Cemetery, Southsea.

Jane's Combat Simulations, along with many other titles, use his surname.

title: Fred T. Jane


text:
Satam al-Suqami

Satam Muhammad Abd al-Rahman al-Suqami (سطَّام مُحَمَّدُ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَـٰن السُّقامي; June 28, 1976 – September 11, 2001) was a Saudi terrorist hijacker. He was one of five hijackers of American Airlines Flight 11 as part of the September 11 attacks in 2001.

Al-Suqami had been a law student until he was recruited into al-Qaeda along with Majed Moqed, who was one of the hijackers of American Airlines Flight 77, and traveled to Afghanistan where he would be chosen to participate in the 9/11 attacks.

He arrived in the United States in April 2001. On September 11, 2001, al-Suqami boarded American Airlines Flight 11 and participated in the hijacking of the plane so that it could be crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center as part of the coordinated attacks. He is believed to have perpetrated the first fatality of the attacks in killing passenger Daniel Lewin in the process of hijacking the plane. Al-Suqami died along with everyone else on the plane on impact with the North Tower.

Early life
A native of the Saudi Arabian city of Riyadh, al-Suqami was a law student at the King Saud University. While there he joined a (possible) former roommate named Majed Moqed in training for Al-Qaida at Khalden, a large training facility near Kabul that was run by Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi.

Career
The FBI says al-Suqami first arrived in the United States on April 23, 2001, with a visa that allowed him to remain in the country until May 21. However, at least five residents of the Spanish Trace Apartments claim to recognize the photographs of both al-Suqami and Salem al-Hazmi, the younger brother of 9/11 hijacker Nawaf al-Hazmi, as living in the San Antonio complex earlier in 2001. However, these residents and several others who claim to have known the hijackers, claim that the FBI photographs of al-Suqami and al-Hazmi are reversed. Other reports conflictingly suggested that al-Suqami was staying with Waleed al-Shehri in Hollywood, Florida, and rented a black Toyota Corolla from Alamo Rent-A-Car agency.

On May 19, al-Suqami and Waleed al-Shehri took a flight from Fort Lauderdale to Freeport, Bahamas where they had reservations at the Princess Resort. Lacking proper documentation however, they were stopped upon landing, and returned to Florida the same day and rented a red Kia Rio from a Avis Car Rental agency.

He was one of nine hijackers to open a SunTrust bank account with a cash deposit around June 2001, and on July 3 he was issued a Florida State Identification Card. Around this time, he also used his Saudi license to gain a Florida drivers' license bearing the same home address as Wail al-Shehri. (A Homing Inn in Boynton Beach). Despite this, the 9/11 Commission claims that al-Suqami was the only hijacker to not have any US identification.

During the summer, al-Suqami and brothers Wail and Waleed al-Shehri purchased one month passes to a Boynton Beach gym owned by Jim Woolard. (Mohamed Atta and Marwan al-Shehhi also reportedly trained at a gym owned by Woolard, in Delray Beach.)

Known as Azmi during the preparations, al-Suqami was called one of the "muscle" hijackers, who were not expected to act as pilots. CIA director George Tenet later said that they "probably were told little more than that they were headed for a suicide mission inside the United States."

September 11 attacks and death
On September 10, 2001, al-Suqami shared a room at the Milner Hotel in Boston with three of the Flight 175 hijackers, Marwan al-Shehhi, Fayez Banihammad, and Mohand al-Shehri.

On the day of the attacks, al-Suqami checked in at the flight desk using his Saudi passport, and boarded American Airlines Flight 11. At Logan International Airport, he was selected by CAPPS, which required his checked bags to undergo extra screening for explosives and involved no extra screening at the passenger security checkpoint.

The United Press International noted in March 2002 that an FAA memo, written the day of the attacks, claimed that al-Suqami, seated in 10B, shot passenger Daniel Lewin, co-founder of Akamai Technologies and a former member of the Israeli Sayeret Matkal who was seated in 9B. The FAA claimed that the leaked memo was a "first draft" with incorrect information (such as timeframes), declining to release the final draft of the memo which was said to lack any reference to discharging ammunition on the flight. The 9/11 Commission speculated that al-Suqami stabbed Lewin so he could not prevent Atta and al-Omari, whose row was in front of his own, from hijacking the flight. In 2004, further analysis of flight attendant Betty Ong’s phone call to American Airlines reservations confirmed that al-Suqami slashed Lewin's throat; however, it is unclear whether Lewin was stabbed for attempting to intervene in the hijacking, or to frighten other passengers and crew into compliance because Lewin was seated directly in front of al-Suqami.

Passport discovery
The passport of al-Suqami was found by a passerby in the vicinity of Vesey Street, before the towers collapsed. (This was mistakenly reported by many news outlets to be Mohamed Atta's passport.) A columnist for the British newspaper The Guardian expressed incredulity about the authenticity of this report, questioning whether a paper passport could survive the inferno unsinged when the black boxes of the plane were never found. According to testimony before the 9/11 Commission by lead counsel Susan Ginsburg, his passport had been "manipulated in a fraudulent manner in ways that have been associated with al Qaeda." Passports belonging to Ziad Jarrah and Saeed al-Ghamdi were found at the crash site of United Airlines Flight 93 as well as an airphone.

title: Satam al-Suqami


text:
Michèle Raymond

Michèle Hovey Raymond (born 1958) is a Canadian politician and author. She formerly served as Halifax Atlantic's NDP MLA.

Early life and education
A Halifax-area resident since 1963, she received degrees from Yale 1978 and Dalhousie in Linguistics and Law, respectively.

Before politics
Prior to becoming a politician, Raymond co-founded the Urban Farm Museum Society of Spryfield and has been part of a campaign to reactivate the Northwest Arm Ferry. She has volunteered with the Nova Scotia Museum and is the vice-president of the Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia and other heritage societies around Nova Scotia for which she was awarded the Queen's Jubilee Medal. She is also the co-author with historian Heather Watts of Halifax's Northwest Arm: An Illustrated History published by Formac Publishing in 2003.

Political career
In her first attempt at political office, Raymond was elected MLA in 2003, replacing Robert Chisholm, who retired.

On November 23, 2012, Raymond announced that she would not be reoffering in the next election.

Personal life
She is married to former Liberal MLA Russell MacKinnon.

title: Michèle Raymond


text:
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title: User talk:Artfuldodger~enwiki


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User:Ecb

Back again: I couldn't stay away from Wikipedia for longer than two months. Memo to self: why is editing it so fascinating?

Interests are the same as before: 17th century composers, early Australian and Pacific explorers, tunnel fires, mine ventilation and the Wipers Times.

title: User:Ecb


text:
Professor Calculus

Professor Cuthbert Calculus (Professeur Tryphon Tournesol, meaning "Professor Tryphon Sunflower") is a fictional character in The Adventures of Tintin, the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. He is Tintin's friend, an absent-minded professor and half-deaf physicist, who invents many sophisticated devices used in the series, such as a one-person shark-shaped submarine, the Moon rocket, and an ultrasound weapon. Calculus's deafness is a frequent source of humour, as he repeats back what he thinks he has heard, usually in the most unlikely words possible. He does not admit to being near-deaf and insists he is only slightly hard of hearing in one ear, occasionally making use of an ear trumpet to hear better.

Calculus first appeared in Red Rackham's Treasure (more specifically in the newspaper prepublication of 4–5 March 1943 ), and was the result of Hergé's long quest to find the archetypal mad scientist or absent-minded professor. Although Hergé had included characters with similar traits in earlier stories, Calculus developed into a much more complex figure as the series progressed.

Character history
Calculus is a genius, who demonstrates himself throughout the series to be an expert in many fields of science, holding three PhDs in nuclear and theoretical physics, and planetary astronomy. He is also an experienced engineer, archaeologist, biologist and chemist. Many of his inventions precede or mirror similar technological developments in the real world (most notably the Moon rocket, but also his failed attempt at creating a colour television set). He seeks to benefit humankind through his inventions, developing a pill that cures alcoholism by making alcohol unpalatable to the patient, and refusing under great duress to yield his talents to producing weapons of mass destruction. Calculus is also shown to be in the midst of inventing steerable roller skates during The Red Sea Sharks, although the final product is never shown, with the invention being only merely a sideshow in the overall plot. Much of Calculus's more dangerous work is criticized by Captain Haddock, although Calculus usually interprets this the other way round: his deafness often leads him to misinterpret Haddock's words, preventing him from hearing his real opinion.

Calculus's deafness is a frequent source of humour in his interactions with other people, as he often repeats back what he thinks he has heard, usually in the most unlikely words possible. Additionally, he often diverts the subject of a conversation by responding to a misinterpreted remark. For example, "But I never knew you had...." leads Calculus to respond, "No, young man, I am not mad!" In the same book he believes that Tintin and Haddock are talking about his sister, before remembering a few moments later that he does not have a sister. He is not perturbed by his handicap, even if it is a source of deep frustration to his friends. He himself does not admit to being near-deaf and insists that he is "only a little hard of hearing in one ear."

In the course of the Moon books, however, Calculus leads a team of scientists and engineers working on a major rocket project, motivating him to adopt an ear trumpet, and later a hearing aid, and for the duration of the adventure he has near-perfect hearing. This made him a more serious character, even displaying leadership qualities that had not been shown before or since. However, after completing the journey to the Moon, Calculus discarded his hearing aid, forcing his friends to readjust to his hearing impairment (aside from one panel in The Castafiore Emerald, when Tintin is seen speaking to him through his ear-trumpet); this restored the humour surrounding him, though it could be that he finds his deafness useful since it enables him to focus on his work (something useful for The Calculus Affair, since he was referencing ultrasonic sound).

Calculus maintains a laboratory at Marlinspike Hall, in which he conducts various experiments. He is fairly protective of his work, on occasion hiding his scientific endeavours from Tintin and Haddock (which gets him into trouble in The Calculus Affair). His lab is also stripped of all its apparatus in the same book. On an earlier occasion, during his efforts to find an antidote to Formula Fourteen in Land of Black Gold, Calculus almost destroyed half of Marlinspike in an explosion.

Although generally a mild-mannered (if somewhat oblivious) figure, Calculus flies into an uncharacteristic rage if he feels insulted or ridiculed. He is especially provoked if he ever hears Haddock (or anyone else) call him a "goat". On one famous occasion in Destination Moon, he displays uncontrollable ire ("Goat, am I?") when an irritated Haddock accuses him of "acting the goat" ("acting like a goat" in the Golden Press American English translation) by attempting to build a Moon rocket. His subsequent tirade and blatant disregard for security terrifies the usually ebullient Captain; he even lifts the director of security barring his way onto a coat hook. Another occasion is in Flight 714 to Sydney when, due to some misunderstanding, he physically assaults Laszlo Carreidas and has to be held back with great effort by Haddock and Tintin. In the same book, despite his deafness, he hears Captain Haddock tell him that he's "acting the goat", but Haddock quickly prevents the severe reaction from occurring. Earlier in Red Rackham's Treasure Calculus is shown with a frown for a few moments when he thinks that the Captain lied to him that Tintin had gone for a row, when Tintin actually was diving to search for treasure. Despite his gentle nature, Calculus is rather sensitive about his work and does not appreciate being ridiculed or belittled for his scientific efforts.

In spite of all this, his friends stick by him come what may. Haddock invited him to stay at Marlinspike Hall after Calculus discovered it is the captain's ancestral home and bought it in his name thanks to money he had earned through selling the patent for his shark-submarine. He did this because Haddock and Tintin had provided him with the opportunity to test the submersible when they were searching for Red Rackham's Treasure. Tintin and Haddock crossed the world on at least two occasions (Prisoners of the Sun and The Calculus Affair) in order to save him from kidnappers.

He occasionally comments that he was a great sportsman in his youth, with a very athletic lifestyle. He is a former practitioner of the French martial art savate, although a demonstration in Flight 714 to Sydney shows him to be more than a bit rusty.

Inspirations
Calculus is partly modeled on inventor Auguste Piccard (1884–1962), Hergé stated in an interview with Numa Sadoul: "Calculus is a reduced scale Piccard, as the real chap was very tall. He had an interminable neck that sprouted from a collar that was much too large... I made Calculus a mini-Piccard, otherwise I would have had to enlarge the frames of the cartoon strip." The Swiss physics professor held a teaching appointment in Brussels when Hergé spotted his unmistakable figure in the street. In The Castafiore Emerald, Bianca Castafiore mentions that Calculus is "famous for his balloon ascensions", an ironic reference to Piccard.

Philippe Goddin has suggested that Calculus' deafness was inspired by Paul Eydt, whom Hergé had known at Le Vingtième Siècle where Tintin's adventures had first appeared. Cuthbert Calculus' original French name is "Tryphon Tournesol" and Tryphon was the name of Hergé's plumber.

In contrast to his unquestionable scientific merits, Calculus is a fervent believer in dowsing, and carries a pendulum for that purpose. Hergé himself was a believer in the subject: dowser Victor Mertens had used a pendulum to find the lost wedding ring of Hergé's wife in October 1939.

Calculus and his peers
Before Calculus appeared in Red Rackham's Treasure, Hergé had featured other highly educated but eccentric scholars and scientists, such as the following:

 * Sophocles Sarcophagus of Cigars of the Pharaoh who showed signs of being clumsy and forgetful before going completely mad.
 * The absent-minded professor who appeared in The Broken Ear and who forgot his glasses, wore his cleaning-lady's overcoat, held his cane upside-down as if it were an umbrella, mistook a parrot for a man and left his briefcase next to a lamp post. In the original edition published in 1935 his name is given as Professor Euclide, after the Greek mathematician known as the "Father of Geometry".
 * Professor Hector Alembick in King Ottokar's Sceptre, who had a bad habit of throwing his cigarettes on the floor.
 * Two astronomers from The Shooting Star also showed unusual and, in one case, mad behaviour: Professor Philippulus, or "Philippulus the prophet" represented the dilemmas some face over religious belief and scientific research. In his case the conflict took a toll on his mind when the end-of-the-world appeared to be imminent. He then went around wearing bedsheets and beating a gong to warn of the event and later disrupted the eve of departure of the expedition sent to find a meteorite.
 * His colleague, Professor Decimus Phostle, though not mad, looked forward to the end of the world whose prediction he thought would make him famous. In contrast, he showed signs of maturity during the expedition when he called off the search for the meteorite in order to help a ship in distress.

Calculus's introduction appears to have supplied Hergé with the bizarre nature he wished to portray in a man of science. Other figures of high education were shown as more stable and level-headed. The members of the archaeological expedition who fall victim to The Seven Crystal Balls show no apparent signs of eccentricity. The most prominent member of this group is Calculus's friend Hercules Tarragon, with whom he attended university. Tarragon is a large, ebullient man, possessing a jovial nature, but not necessarily eccentric.

While he sometimes appears aloof when absorbed in his work, Calculus corresponds with other scientists and also collaborates with many of them on his projects. He works with Mr. Baxter and Frank Wolff on the Moon rocket and corresponds with ultrasonics expert Professor Alfredo Topolino of Nyon in The Calculus Affair.

Relationship to women
Calculus is the only main character in the Tintin series to display signs of attraction to women. This is notably evident in his interactions with Bianca Castafiore, with whom he is smitten during her long stay at Marlinspike Hall in The Castafiore Emerald. During her stay, his botanic experiments lead him to create a new variety of rose, which he names in her honour. Nonetheless, he happily congratulates Captain Haddock on his "engagement" to Castafiore (in fact a media hoax which he unwittingly fuelled).

Calculus is also distressed by Castafiore's imprisonment in Tintin and the Picaros, and is adamant on going to her defence. In the same book, he is charmed by the unattractive Peggy Alcazar (wife of General Alcazar) and kisses her hand after she bluntly criticizes Tintin and Haddock (a remark that Calculus mistakes for a warm greeting).

In other media
Calculus also featured frequently in the 1957–1963 Belvision TV series, as well as in other adaptations of the comics. The Belvision TV series is notable for depicting Calculus with perfect hearing.

Calculus' original French name was "Tournesol" which is the French term for sunflower. In the 1970s and 1980s, he starred in a series of cartoon television commercials for Fruit d'or products which included cooking oil and mayonnaise made from sunflower oil. Some of the ads would conclude with him floating up into the air to demonstrate how they kept a good healthy balance. Other characters from the books were also included.

A pseudonym variation was used on an album by Stephen Duffy – see Tin Tin and "Dr. Calculus".

title: Professor Calculus


text:
34th Canadian Parliament

The 34th Canadian Parliament was in session from December 12, 1988, until September 8, 1993. The membership was set by the 1988 federal election on November 21, 1988, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1993 election.

It was controlled by a Progressive Conservative Party majority, led first by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the 24th Canadian Ministry, and then Prime Minister Kim Campbell and the 25th Canadian Ministry. The official opposition was the Liberal Party, led first by John Turner, and after 1990, by Jean Chrétien.

The speaker of the House of Commons was John Allen Fraser. See also list of Canadian electoral districts 1987-1997 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were three sessions of the 34th Parliament:

Party standings
The party standings as of the election and as of dissolution were as follows:  *  After dissolution but before turning over power to Kim Campbell, Brian Mulroney filled all Senate vacancies with Progressive Conservative members, for a total caucus of 58.

 **  There was one Reform senator in the middle of the 34th Parliament.

 ***  In the middle of the 34th Parliament, Brian Mulroney used a little-known clause in the constitution to fill the Senate above its normal seat limit by eight, to 112.

Members of the House of Commons
Members of the House of Commons in the 34th parliament arranged by province.

Nova Scotia

 * ¥ Pat Nowlan quit the Tory party on October 24, 1990, to protest against the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax. He sat as an "Independent Conservative" for the remainder of the parliament.

New Brunswick

 * * When Jean Chrétien was elected Liberal leader in 1990, Fernand Robichaud stepped aside 24 September 1990 to cause a by-election that would allow Chrétien to enter Parliament. Chrétien was elected in the December 10 by-election.

Quebec

 * § Just before the 1993 election, Gilles Bernier left the Tories to sit as an independent
 * † On May 5, 1990, seven Conservative and two Liberal MPs, led by Lucien Bouchard, left their parties to form the Bloc Québécois
 * ‡ Richard Grisé left Parliament after being sentenced to jail for corruption. He was replaced by Philip Edmonston in a February 12, 1990 by-election.
 * Ø Jean-Claude Malépart died in office on September 16, 1989. The next year he was replaced by Gilles Duceppe in a by-election.
 * Δ On June 17, 1993, Denis Pronovost left the PC party to sit as an independent following conviction on criminal charges.

Ontario

 * ± Ed Broadbent retired from politics and was replaced by Michael Breaugh on October 13, 1990, after a by-election.

Alberta

 * ÷ John Dahmer died on November 26, 1988, after winning election but before being formally sworn in as a Member of Parliament. He was replaced by Deborah Grey in a 13 March 1989 by-election.
 * ¥ Alex Kindy quit the Tory party on May 5, 1993, in protest over the GST. He sat as an Independent for the remainder of the parliament.
 * ≈ David Kilgour quit the Tory party on October 24, 1990, in protest over the GST. He later joined the Liberals. (In 2005, he left the Liberals to sit as an independent.)

title: 34th Canadian Parliament


text:
Template talk:Infobox game

Suggestion
Here's my two cents' worth.
 * Name - good as stated.
 * Category - good as stated.
 * Number of players - also good.
 * Age range - This should only be stated explicitly for explicitly juvenile games. Games for adults usually don't have an age requirement other than the minimum intelligence demanded by the difficulty and strategy level.
 * Many games come with recommendations like "Ages 3-6". These are usually learning games which tend to bore older children and adults, although those ages could play technically play it. People will know this, so I don't think we need to say it explicitly. I'd say keep this for all games, adult and juvenile alike. The idea would be to mimic the stated age guidelines (if any) or to designate a reasonable minumum age. -- Netoholic 21:39, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Of course, for proprietary games, the obvious course of action is to quote the age range given on the box. This would be the same whether it's something like "3-6" or something like "12+".  But for games that are public domain, there's no defined age range; moreover, different commercially produced sets of the same game are likely to give different age ranges.  In any case, we would have to avoid guesswork or original research. -- Smjg (talk) 01:40, 16 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Setup time - good as stated.
 * Playing time - We should have a timescale with markers increasing at a roughly exponential rate, viz.: <5 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 5 hr, >5 hr. Each game's duration should be stated as an interval from one marker to another, viz.: <5 min to 15 min, 30 min to 1 hr.
 * I don't like interval time because its often too hard to judge. Modifying my original proposal, I'd prefer less granularity in favor of a general scale, something like <5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1 hour, >1 hr. Games that take over one hour are very hard to narrow down to a specific range, and the distinction will often not matter. -- Netoholic 21:39, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Okay, but maybe ditch the 45 min classification. --Smack 18:30, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Difficulty level - Fine, but call this rules complexity.
 * Good suggestion. -- Netoholic 21:39, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Strategy depth: Random chance:
 * Strategy level - This should be called strategy depth, and based on the following sole parameter: the number of layers of tactic and countertactic that the game affords.  The scale should be something like this: None (there's only one right way to do this), Shallow (you can scheme a bit to improve your chances, but the other players can't do anything about it), Substantial, Profound.
 * I don't think people could gauge the levels based on your chosen words. Prefer something a bit more relatable. Perhaps a simple scale of 1-5 for all these "level" definitions? -- Netoholic 21:39, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * 1 to 5 could be done, but I think that if we adopt any arbitrary classifications at all, we'll need a sort of glossary page in the Wikipedia namespace, regardless of how we do them. --Smack 18:29, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Random chance - good as stated.
 * Skills required - also good as stated. --Smack 20:02, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Has it been decided what the titles of the various levels of strategy, difficulty, etc. are? Or are the ones that have been chosen for the infobox'd games pretty arbitrary? 209.114.249.74 19:51, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

May I...
May I use this Infobox as a starting point for my own infobox?

 * Sure, go ahead. :-)  — Frecklefoot | Talk 19:03, Jan 25, 2005 (UTC)

SoulLady MiLich27 (talk) 14:07, 24 March 2019 (UTC)

My $.02...
I know this isn't the best place to discuss this, but I didn't see a talk page. I just saw this infobox on the Cluedo page and, may I say, it's incredibly drab. Hues of gray? Games are supposed to be fun! Please see my Infobox for Arcade games as an example of something more colorful. Please come up with a different color scheme, but don't be afraid to use colors! :-)

Also, I'd like to suggest an additional item: Alternate names. This particularly would be useful for Cluedo, where it is known as "Clue" in North America. Most North Americans have never heard of a game called "Cluedo" and only know it by the shorter name. If a game has no "alternate name," the field can be left out (just like the image entry is). Thoughts? — Frecklefoot | Talk 19:03, Jan 25, 2005 (UTC)

Margin-bottom
The infobox hits the category box on short pages like Java (board game) so I've added 0.5em to the bottom margin.

Design and illustration credits
As a game designer and illustrator, don't we think it's important who designed and illustrated these things. (I do! ;-) ) I would think that would be a valuable bit of information to put in an infobox. --Yekrats 16:45, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Would we be able to provide that information for every game? (not being sarcastic, I just really wouldn't know where to look for that) If the information were already part of the articles, your idea might be a possibility. -- Netoholic @ 17:06, 2005 Jun 23 (UTC)

 * I love giving credit where it is due (for example, I hate it when mags don't credit people for illustrations), but I doubt this information is readily available. Also, most art for arcade games was produced by a group of people or a department, and most were not credited in the game.  Unfortunately, their names are just lost.

 * Therefore, I don't think it's a good idea to add this to the infobox. The number of games for which we could find the artists is diminishingly small. :-( For the few games we can find this info, it should just be noted in the article text. — Frecklefoot | Talk 17:41, Jun 23, 2005 (UTC)

 * The website BoardGameGeek (http://boardgamegeek.com) has information on just about any game, with designer credits for about every game under the sun. (Some, naturally are listed as "uncredited" but most have been tracked down.) Designer credit is extremely important, can be easily tracked down in most cases. For example, see the BGG entry on Java.
 * I concede that illustration credit would be somewhat harder to track down, but I've found many at Funagain, an online game retailer. (According to the Funagain site, Java was illustrated by Franz Vohwinkel, a prolific game illustrator. --Yekrats 6 July 2005 02:32 (UTC)

I second the move to include designer in the info box. It is basic info that should be available for most games. --Millsdavid 05:32, 4 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Me too, only I would call it Creator since it's a more generic term - that would allow you to state "Persians" in the case of chess. (I think design hadn't been "invented" back then.) -- Tintazul 17:13, 13 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Agree — Designer (or creator) should be added to the infobox. Val42 20:42, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Using syntax I borrowed from otheruses4, I've been able to add "publisher" and "designer" as optional parameters, as well as making "ages" and "image_caption" optional. Percy Snoodle 08:52, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Age range
For commercially produced, proprietary games, one can put in the age range that is printed on the box. But who decides the age range of a classic board game such as chess, or a playground game such as Chinese whispers? For example, at the moment chess is "Recommended for 8 years or older". Recommended by whom? On the other hand, xiangqi has "Any" down here. It would seem that this attribute is largely, if not completely, a matter of opinion. -- Smjg 12:58, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

bggid
User:AmbientArchitecture recently added a bggid parameter. I'm uneasy about this for a few reasons: I haven't reverted the edits; instead I've matched the style against the equivalent IMDB ID section from Infobox film, whose existence is probably the best argument in favour of the parameter. However, I thought it best to discuss it here to gain consensus about whether we really want this parameter in the template. Percy Snoodle 09:02, 9 June 2006 (UTC)
 * It's a duplication of effort, given the bgg family of templates.
 * It's inflexible; many games have different BGG IDs for the different editions, and some articles cover families of games rather than the games themselves.
 * There are a few wikipedians who regard BGG links as linkspam - see Wikipedia talk:Counter Vandalism Unit/Archive 3. I'm not one of them, and I for the moment the consensus is against them, but promoting the BGG links outside the external link section might fuel their arguments.

What's the reasoning behind the 'sup' change, whatever that is? This again seems to radically decrease usefuless. AmbientArchitecture 14:31, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

 * It's to cover articles on multiple games, or games with lots of spinoffs. In those cases, set bggid to "template" and it'll take you to the bgg template in the exlinks.  If there's just the one exlink, set bggid numerically as before, and it will work as it did before.  No decrease in usefulness, just another mode of use. Percy Snoodle 15:00, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I see, now what you did originally -- and your arguments about "inflexibility" and "duplication" -- makes more sense to me. It's not really a different mode of use, but different functionality altogether. What your doing is more akin to citations or a jump to a list of references, while what I was trying to do was simply to provide the BGG ID for the game specified in the title of the article, along with a like to the corresponding article on BGG as a convenience. You should continue to evolve the latter as you wish (as bggxrefs), I've reinstated the former (as bggid) as I originally intended it. I've also reduced the importance of both by making them smaller and putting them at the end with footnotes, which seems more in keeping with some of the issues you brought up initially. (See Carcassonne for an example of both in use.) AmbientArchitecture 17:50, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Although I disagree with splitting them up (I understand why you did it, I just disagree) I've left them split; Either you or Grimhelm had restyled it so it no longer matched the IMDB style, and inserted whitespace that broke it on every game article; I've fixed both those issues. Percy Snoodle 09:26, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Why does it have to match the IMDB style? What's a "profile"? I'm really not following the motivations for your changes: they seem not to be guided by the desire to convey information. I made the BGG ID visible because it represents useful information about the game, but you've hidden it behind the word "profile"; my changes in formatting were intended to produce a result that was attractive and readable, yours seem motivated by the desire to match the IMDB style. If there's a reason that this has to follow the IMDB style, I'll leave it as is. Otherwise I'd like to restore the "= " form that I had earlier. I'll still leave the formatting as is for the time being though to see how it works. But my feeling is that this organization of information (driven by the IMDB style) is inferior: keeping footnotes, external database IDs, and links to internal references all together "below the line" makes sense to me (though I can be talked out of that).

 * The reason I've gone for "profile" over some arbitrary number is that the BGG ID itself conveys no information - it's just the order in which the game was added to BGG, and is otherwise meaningless. As regards the rest, I think we've reached a compromise in the current version of the template.  Percy Snoodle 10:06, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * That makes sense, though the number is still useful. I'll think about it. But something other that "profile" would be better. Profiles are for people, aren't they? Perhaps "BGG entry" or "On BGG" or something along those lines? AmbientArchitecture 11:47, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Profile isn't person-specific, and I dispute that the number is useful; I wouldn't object to "entry", though. Percy Snoodle 13:26, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Done! AmbientArchitecture 15:12, 19 June 2006 (UTC)

I think the bgg stuff in this template is linkspam. I suggest we remove it. The proper place for external links is at the bottom of the article, not in the a summarization sidebar. --Micah Hainline 20:06, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Do you feel the same way about the IMDB links on Infobox film? Percy Snoodle 14:54, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I strongly disagree. We're told over and over again by zealous editors what Wikipedia "is not", and for games that list is so long that a standard link out of Wikipedia to something that is all those things seems essential for making Wikipedia useful in this domain, just as the IMDB link does for films. — Aldaron • T/C 15:14, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Though my opinions on the IMDB links on the film infobox don't really seem relevant to the issue BoardGameGeeks links in this info box, I think they would be better off at the bottom of the page as well. Even then, they should only be included if there is significant value for that particular movie.  Let me say that I like the BoardGameGeeks website.  It's a great source of information, a nice place to trade games, and I have an account on the site.  I didn't come to wikipedia to see the BGG pages on a game though, I came to see the Wikipedia entry on the game.  Having links to other valuable content makes sense, but they should be in a separate space, and we should be sure that each link is adding some real value to the Wikipedia article.  If the BGG link seems lost in the shuffle of links at the bottom, by all means move it to the top of the links section, delete some less relevant links, or preferably both.  I just don't think the link should be smack at the top of the article.  It feels like it's saying "Hey, don't read this article, go somewhere where they have some real info."  I'd hate to see Wikipedia start to become a portal site, where we redirect readers to other sites that are more focused on particular domains.  People know where to look for more information.  We're used to looking down in the links section, or hitting up Google.  We have portals.  We need an encyclopedia too. --Micah Hainline 05:01, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I see what you're saying, but I disagree. Perhaps this is part of a larger issue, that should be discussed elsewhere: what exactly Wikipedia is and is not. There's been a trend (which experienced Wikipedians tell me is recent) that takes Wikipedia away from being a comprehensive resource and moves it in the direction of being very narrowly encyclopedic. This trend has resulted in the exclusion and deletion of a great deal of useful content in order to comply with "is not" guidelines. But that creates a problem for ordinary people who are just looking for a great source of information.

 * Wikipedia has the opportunity be that source of information by redefining what it means to be and encyclopedia and what it means to be a portal by being the best at both. But I don't imagine we'll solve that issue here.

 * The issue at hand though seems easy to resolve. If games articles complied with "is not" guidelines, most of them would be reduced to little more than an infobox and some outgoing links, and many would be deleted altogether. In that case, I'd argue that the BGG link is an essential part of the template for a game article, however it gets included, and that the infobox is a clean way of encouraging incorporation of that information. I would also argue that, regardless of what other content is in a game article, the BGG ID itself is in fact encyclopedic information, and should not only be included in a link in the game infobox, but actually presented there visually (instead of the current text for the link).

 * In short, the more I think about this, the more important I think the inclusion of the BGG ID is. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Aldaron (talk • contribs) 16:20, August 25, 2007 (UTC)

 * I would like Wikipedia, in conjunction with its sister projects, to be a comprehensive informational resource as well. I don't think we really need to solve all the larger issues with what should and should not be included in Wikipedia in order to solve this particular issue.  I think we both agree that we should have a link to BoardGameGeeks in the articles, the only question in dispute is really where that link should sit.  I see what you're saying about including it in a template to encourage people to include the information, but I think there are already templates to allow them to do that easily, and including it in this one pushes it to the top of the article, which is the only problem I have with it.  I also disagree a bit about the number itself being encyclopedic information.  It's just the internal database id for bgg's current system--one they have unfortunately exposed somewhat.  The link itself should probably be sufficient I would think. --Micah Hainline 20:42, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Would anyone raise an objection at this point if I were to remove the link from the infoboxes of some of these articles, but make sure that every article from which I removed it had the boardgamegeek link at the top of the links section? The point Aldaron made about the German-style board games is a good one.  I think the community of people that play German-style board games are really the ones that are interested in the boardgamegeek content.  I am unconvinced that it belongs in the infobox rather than the links section for any game, but for things such as Chess, Go, or Monopoly it seem particularly inappropriate, and with the id field in the template for the board game infobox, these will inevitably crop up again and again.  --Micah Hainline 23:03, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

The boardgamegeek stuff is linkspam. Anyone who sees this is requested to not add it back to the infobox in Chess, where it is definitely not wanted. (This isn't any sort of accusation, just a request to not make WP:CHESS remove it repeatedly from articles in the project.) Quale 00:34, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree that the bggid is probably inappropriate for the Chess article. But it isn't linkspam in when used for other boardgames, especially German-style boardgames. — Aldaron • T/C 03:11, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I think that the BGG link should remain. It is informational for someone who is seeking information on a game. — Val42 03:39, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

I have noticed that any time recently I add the bggid to an infobox, it does not show up on the page after I save. For an example see Avatar: The Last Airbender Trading Card Game. Was this disabled? Ive seen this sort of thing happen with the random chance entry as well, and I could not figure it out then either. Mathman1550 (talk) 03:06, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It looks like Thumperward made a bunch of edits that destroyed this field as well as some of the formatting, w/o discussion. It looks like he was trying rationalize the template a bit but dropped some fields in the process. I've asked him to fix it, but unless he (or someone who knows the intricacies of these templates better than I do) can repair this, we should probably revert. — Aldaron • T/C 15:27, 30 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Never mind. It looks like even IMDB links are no longer tolerated in infoboxes, which shoots down the rationale for having the BGG link here. (Chalk another one up to what Wikipedia is not.)  — Aldaron • T/C 15:32, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

Recent edits
Down10 has recently been making some edits which Aldaron has brought to my attention as they break the look of the template in various ways for him. I have reverted some of these changes, though not all - some of them have been great edits, such as adding the template to the Game templates category. I think it would be a good idea for the two of you to discuss what you think should be done here, before more changes are made to the article. Percy Snoodle 08:51, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Percy's recent edits address most of my concerns. One concern that remains is that Down10's changes have introduced padding around the infobox image that creates too much whitespace, which is not only unappealing, but prevents that image from lining up vertically with same-sized thumbnails farther down the page on the right. AmbientArchitecture 12:30, 25 July 2006 (UTC)

Complexity and depth
Please see the discussion at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Board and table games Percy Snoodle 13:24, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Random chance???
Listed in the info box is the heading "random chance" (Such as the text "random_chance= High" in Mordheim). This makes no sense whatsoever. I vote that this part be removed; it gives little information, if any and is confusing and makes no sense (random_chance= High or random_chance= Dice rolling???? What is that???). Thoughts? Spawn Man 04:29, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeah - it's original research and should be removed, so I shall. It's possible "skills used" should too. Percy Snoodle 09:28, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * This is not OR (The fact that the random chance for Mordheim is High may be OR, but that is not relevant here.) There are plenty of boardgames that have some kind of chance rating on the box. There are games that have random_chance = None (eg Chess), which is relevant information and is normally well sourced. Some pages include the element introducing the random chance (eg Acquire has random_chance = tile drawing, Backgammon has random_chance = Dice), and such information is also easily sourced. HermanHiddema 10:04, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * For some games, it may be easily sourced, though I can't remember ever seeing a game article do so. However, most games that use the parameter have something like "high", "medium", or "low" - meaningless and OR.  Those articles are improved more by removing that nonsense than the minority of sensible articles are harmed, and the sensible articles can very easily mention it in the prose.  Indeed, most of them do because they link to abstract strategy game in their lead sentence.  Percy Snoodle 10:26, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The fact that editors do not properly source the random chance component of games is not the fault of the template. Removing random_chance from the template may be the easy way to remove unsourced material from a lot of board game pages, but is it the right way? IMO, board game pages that do not source this rating should either remove the random_chance component or reference it (eg: reference http://www.boardgameratings.com/game/2/ which gives Settlers of Catan a 'Luck' rating of 3/5) HermanHiddema 11:19, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

 * True, but it makes no sense. If someone randomly said to you "Random chance. High." you'd be very confused... If anything like that is used, it should at least be renamed to something that makes sense. Spawn Man 01:59, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Perhaps something like 'Luck' is a better term? HermanHiddema 11:49, 9 October 2007 (UTC)
 * "Luck: High" is no less a POV call than "Chance: High". The parameter would still cause more harm than good.  Percy Snoodle 06:30, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
 * IMHO, this is a good field for the infobox. In the two extreme cases, the amount of random chance in  a game is pretty straightforward (War (card game), for example, is completely luck-based, while Chess has no luck component.)  Between the two extremes, I agree that rating the amount of random chance between "low" and "high" is difficult, but could we not just list the luck based components?  For example "dice-based movement", "initial card-shuffling", etc?  Perhaps that's too long for an infobox entry... --216.86.105.213 (talk) 04:52, 27 December 2007 (UTC)

Is there a way to use Wikipedia templates within a scratchpad wikia?
I was trying to determine how to use the templates within the Wikipedia as part of a scratchpad wikia that some friends and I are working on, but so far I haven't been successful. Do I need to duplicate each template in the scratchpad (ideally I'd just like to point at the Wikipedia templates)? If they all need to be duplicated, is there an easy way to cut and paste them? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jrboeke (talk • contribs) 20:15, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

Skills, Random Chance
Every single time I've seen a game infobox, the information in these two lines strike me as pointless and uninformative, and almost always WP:OR (except, I suppose, when the random chance level is none). Can we just remove these? None of the game articles attempt in the text to classify a random chance level for the game that I have seen; they simply describe the game and the level of random chance is thus described directly. Similarly, game articles talk about strategy but never about required skills; you would certainly never see a claim that "strategy" is a required skill for any game. This kind of line doesn't seem to exist in other infoboxes; rather, the most subjective lines are always at least backed up directly by text in the article. Instead of trying to correct individual articles, I think it's best to adjust the infobox. Mango juice talk 05:29, 29 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I would certainly support removing these OR-baiting lines. Percy Snoodle (talk) 09:13, 29 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I also support removing these lines, and I would also include setup time and playing time, as these are equally likely to be OR. Ham Pastrami (talk) 21:23, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree about the random chance and skills entries, but think we should preserve setup and play times if these are provided by the manufacturer. — Aldaron • T/C 15:35, 30 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Removing the item in the template is not the right course of action. The fact that some pages use "High" for Chance means that THOSE articles have OR in them, that doesn't mean the template can only support OR in that part as you have already acknowledged (and has been stated above).  There are plenty of articles where having "none" would be very useful, and I in fact have looked through games looking for ones with that tag on it.    Having "none" is not often OR, and is very useful and editing a template to fix a problem on one article, while harming others seems counter-productive when we can just edit the articles which are using it poorly.  If it MUST be removed the easy, but in my opinion lazy way, by editing the template, it should be edited so the line only appears if it is set at "none", or something equivalent. :) Chris M. (talk) 14:50, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Width field
I've added a width field to allow for control over the width of the box and improve page layout. — Aldaron • T/C 22:33, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

Random Chance category
I was hoping that something could be added to this to categorize all games that have "none" in the "random chance" section. I personally would find this information extremely useful and I don't think I'd be the only one. The change would also be very minor. Comments? Chris M. (talk) 14:52, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

label_width added
I have added "label_width" to allow control over the width of the labels. Gerry (talk) 04:54, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Also added actor and voice-over for video board games. Gerry (talk) 06:58, 23 May 2010 (UTC)

What is "genre"? What is "years active"
Could we get some guidance on some of the fields? I am trying to copyedit an article that uses this infobox, Axis & Allies: Europe 1940.

 * Genre - what goes here? Is it "board game" or "wargame" or "board wargame" or "WW II game" or "Strategic-level game" or what???
 * Years active - what is this? It is a game, it is not alive, it is not active by itself. Do you mean "Date of first publication to date it went out of print" or what?

Also the "random chance" and "skills" params seem kind of iffy - how are we supposed to know this? But that's a different issue. Herostratus (talk) 00:26, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

Italic titles: opt-in or opt-out?
Currently the Infobox does not automatically italicize the titles unlike Infobox book, for example. However, game franchises like Monopoly should be italicized (see MOS:TITLE). User:StAnselm tried employing the infobox | italic title = parameter and defaulting it to "yes", thus giving all pages using this Infobox an italic title. However, traditional games like chess, Go, tag etc. should not be italicized. Both of these categories use this infobox.

There are two conflicting facts that I found out while browsing this template's list of transclusions (of which there are 1300+):
 * 1) Most articles using this Infobox are articles about game franchises (copyrighted, commercial game titles), and should be italicized.
 * 2) Most of those in this category italicize the article title in the lead, but not the page title ...
 * 3) ... but some do neither.
 * 4) There are a considerable amount of pages using this Infobox that should not be italicized.

I consider it more severe error that a page shows an italicized title when it should not (a false positive), than a case where the title is not italicized while it should. I successfuly identified hundreds of pages in the former category, and added | italic title = no to stop them showing the italicized title, but I have most certainly missed many articles.

I have to admit that it's technically more sensible to have the italicized title as opt-in than opt-out, and I have now changed it back so (ie. you must write | italic title = yes to get the italicized title now.)

If there is enough interest to clean up the transclusions of this template, we can try again later. I don't have the time and resources to individually categorize all the 1300+ transclusions of this infobox to those that should and should not be italicized.. --hydrox (talk) 02:10, 28 December 2012 (UTC)

Label position
Should 'Other name(s)' and 'Synonym(s)' for the game appear at the top or the bottom of the infobox? I feel they should appear near the top, since they appear in the lead of the article. please discuss here if you don't feel this should be the case. thank you. Frietjes (talk) 16:01, 17 October 2013 (UTC)

Author or Writer label/field
This infobox seems to be the preferred one used for gamebook entries. The problem is that it contains neither an author field nor a writer field (some gamebook articles have these, but they aren't displayed). Gamebooks aren't designed, they're written by authors: they're games, but more like "interactive novels" than something you design. (Gamebook systems on the other hand, like fighting fantasy, are designed. But here I'm talking about infoboxes on individual gamebook entries) Therefore I propose the addition of a writer field or at least an author field. If you feel that is not appropriate, please suggest an alternative to "designer", or perhaps a better infobox to use for all gamebooks. CapnZapp (talk) 09:44, 24 February 2016 (UTC)

Line Developer field
In addition to the author field (which is useful for gamebooks), could we please have a "Line Developer" field, since this is also the template used for RPG game lines? The line developer, rather than the original game designer or book author, is the continuity person who steers the long-term success of the line, and it would be very helpful to present this in the infobox in a standardized way. Newimpartial (talk) 12:43, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

Saying what is age appropriate is not appropriate
I have seen concerns about the "age range" parameter raised above but my opinion is that they do not go far enough. First, it is not clear what the source is when we list an age indiscriminately. Given that game boxes with age ranges and game boxes without age ranges are both common, it is perfectly valid to think that a statement like "ages=10+" was made up by a Wikipedian who decided to rate the game himself on the spot. Second, even if we made the parameter specify "age range as recommended by the original company", it would sound a lot like a piece of trivia. Someone who wanted to objectively decide what game to buy for her son or daughter would be much better off to read the prose in the article which describes the game's content. Film ratings are kept out of infoboxes and for good reason. Is this not an analogous situation? We should not be in the business of pretending that some universal parenting advice exists for all cultures, so I propose removing the parameter. Connor Behan (talk) 21:30, 14 June 2017 (UTC)
 * I don't think this is analogous to film ratings and so even if the age range is estimated by the editor, it's pretty harmless. However, it would be much better to show the source for the information. Age ranges are not just listed on the box, but also by gaming sites and reviewers and they are all reasonable sources. Bermicourt (talk) 07:38, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

Infobox: "Other name(s)" vs. "Synonym(s)"
The infobox for this WikiProject currently has a parameter named |other_names= ("Other name(s)") and |AKA= ("Synonym(s)"), their descriptions say "Other name(s) for the game" and "Game name synonym(s)", respectively. So what exactly is the difference? Should the latter param be removed? Lordtobi ( ✉ ) 18:14, 1 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Weird. It does seem like "synonym" is a strange choice of word for alternate game names and titles. Ibadibam (talk) 04:41, 22 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Agree, this is a strange way to use the word synonym. I think Other names makes much more sense and we should consider migrating usages of AKA to other_names. ThisPageDoesNotExist (talk) 00:56, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

Manufacturer should be moved down
It seems odd that the "Manufacturer" tag is as high up as it is, since it is often just a company paid by the actual developers to get the cards on paper. For example Secret Hitler was developed by Goat, Wolf, & Cabbage LLC (a collective of three designers), but the manufacturing was done by Breaking Games, which is unrelated to the company. Yet, it fills the top spot in the infobox, just below the image. Why does it? Shouls it be moved down? I think yes, and it best fits just above distributor. There should also be a parameter to denote which company developed the game (as is here GW&C LLC). Lordtobi ( ✉ ) 09:46, 2 January 2018 (UTC)

Add a "region" field?
Was going to propose merging the four-line Infobox mancala infobox here, but this template doesn't have any kind of equivalent to the "region" field. This seems quite glaring for traditional boardgame articles like Shogi or Go (game), which use this infobox but don't mention in there where the game originates. Should this be added? --Lord Belbury (talk) 08:30, 26 September 2018 (UTC)

Random chance and OR
Can we please update the documentation for this template to make it explicitly clear that the Random chance field should not be populated unless a source can be provided, either along with the value or in the body of the article? Otherwise it seems to be an OR magnet. Or is there a common understanding that any editor can delete the value for this field if they're satisfied that the value provided isn't verifiable? DonIago (talk) 04:56, 7 October 2019 (UTC)
 * If editors delete everything they aren't satisfied with, there'll be little left of most articles. Clearly it is better if parameters in infoboxes are cited, but harmless parameters like this one should not be deleted on a whim unless they're obviously wrong. Bermicourt (talk) 07:44, 8 January 2020 (UTC)
 * That seems to fly in the face of WP:V, and nobody's suggesting that editors should be able to make deletions just because they're not satisfied with what's there. DonIago (talk) 21:09, 10 January 2020 (UTC)

short description
Today the short description is "Game". I see this overridden on a lot of articles. Is there any interest in constructing a dynamic short description that might require fewer overrides? —¿philoserf? (talk) 14:38, 1 July 2021 (UTC)

Parenthetical plurals
I have removed the parenthesized "(s)" suffix from the labels that used it. For example, "Genre(s)" is now simply "Genres," "Skill(s) required" is now simply "Skills," and so on. "Publisher(s)" is now "Published by," which works for both the singular and plural. The "(s)" construction, known as a "parenthetical plural," is visually and grammatically awkward, and most style guides recommend avoiding it (AMA Manual of Style, EIA Style Guide, Lawyer's Style Guide).

—Ka-Ping Yee (talk) 02:53, 2 July 2021 (UTC)

Complexity and Strategy
I see a lot of Infobox Games have the unsupported tags: complexity and strategy. Please could we either support those tags or hire a kindly bot to go round removing them. Slimy asparagus (talk) 16:07, 9 August 2021 (UTC)

parent_game
Using the |parent_game= parameter gives Parent games (plural) in the infobox. Was this intentional or in error? Sciencefish (talk) 13:57, 29 August 2021 (UTC)

Only a single image in the infobox
Should this infobox be changed to allow two images, one for the logo and one for a photo of the game? The Monopoly (game) article no longer matches the example at the top of this page, as it includes the logo rather than the board. --Lord Belbury (talk) 09:55, 16 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes. A similar issue has come up with tête-bêche books such as The Statue of the Sorcerer & The Vanishing Conjurer where two images needed to be combine into one.Sciencefish (talk) 10:03, 16 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Okay, I've today added a "logo=" field so that commercial games can use two images if desired. Existing articles that use the "image=" for a logo won't be affected. --Lord Belbury (talk) 10:54, 26 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Also logo_alt, logo_caption, logo_link and logo_size. I have added these to the list of valid parameters — GhostInTheMachine talk to me 18:35, 26 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I thought I'd caught that but must have been pressing the wrong button. --Lord Belbury (talk) 18:48, 26 January 2022 (UTC)
 * The tracking category seems to be OK now, although my watchlist does not yet reflect this — GhostInTheMachine talk to me 19:14, 26 January 2022 (UTC)

"Designers"
First off, please make this field say Designer in singular when a single data is detected.

Second, please unlink Designers. It looks off and that's not how we do it. If an article wants to explain by linking to a page like Game Designer that's fine, but this way it is unavoidable. Please delink.

Especially since for Infobox RPG (which is a redirect to Infobox Game) you're linked to video game design, not tabletop roleplay design.

Plus, Game Designer is not its own article - it is currently a redirect to Game Design. This is just not useful.

CapnZapp (talk) 10:02, 5 March 2022 (UTC)

Missing parameters
I have added some parameters to the documentation: italic title, ages, logo_alt, logo_caption, logo_size, alt, image_alt, image_caption and image_size.

In passing, I see that and  seem to be incorrectly coded as alternatives for the logo/image name rather than as article links, but I have not dared to correct the template code.

Also, seems to accepted as an alternative for, which seems rather strange to me — GhostInTheMachine talk to me 17:12, 2 May 2022 (UTC)

Is there a specific reason to use ? — GhostInTheMachine talk to me 17:17, 2 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Infobox game


text:
Georgy Sedov

Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov (Гео́ргий Я́ковлевич Седо́в; 5 May 1877 – 5 March 1914) was a Russian Arctic explorer.

Sedov was born in the village of Krivaya Kosa of Taganrog district (now Novoazovskyi Raion, Donetsk Oblast) to a fisherman's family. In 1898, he finished navigation courses in Rostov-on-Don and acquired the rank of long voyage navigator. In 1901, he took an external degree at a naval college, passed all the exams, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant.

From 1902 to 1903, Sedov participated in a hydrographic expedition in the Arctic Ocean. In 1905, during the Russo-Japanese War, he was in charge of a torpedo boat. In 1909, he led the expedition that would later describe the mouth of the Kolyma River. The following year, Sedov explored the Krestovaya Bay on Novaya Zemlya.

In 1912, he proposed a sleigh expedition for reaching the North Pole. The Tsarist government refused to finance this project and the expedition was organized with help from independent sources. On August 14 (27), 1912, Sedov's ship Svyatoy Muchenik Foka (Saint Phocas the Martyr) left Arkhangelsk and had to stay for the winter near Novaya Zemlya because of impassable ice. The expedition reached Franz Josef Land only in August 1913; however, it had to stay for the second winter in the Tikhaya Bay due to lack of coal.

On February 2 (15), 1914, Sedov (already sick with scurvy) and his accompanying seamen G. Linnik and A. Pustotniy set off for the North Pole with their draft dogs. Before reaching Rudolf Island, Sedov died at sea and was buried at Cape Auk on the island. On the way back, at Franz Josef Land, the Svyatoy Foka rescued two survivors of the Brusilov expedition, including Valerian Albanov. As part of the search for the Sedov expedition, Jan Nagórski made the first airplane flights over the Arctic, gaining valuable experience for later aeronautical expeditions to the region.

Two gulfs and a peak on Novaya Zemlya, a glacier and a cape on Franz Josef Land, an island in the Barents Sea, and a cape in Antarctica bear Sedov's name. There was also a steam icebreaker Georgy Sedov. Today, the sail training barque STS Sedov bears his name.

title: Georgy Sedov


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Minorities in U S and IQ tests

This is completely duplicative of parts of Race and intelligence and in fact, it is based on an older version of that very article -- found at a mirror site here: http://www.fact-index.com/r/ra/race_and_intelligence.html -- This is a decent first try at creating an article, but I think it should be deleted, and any additional info that is NPOV (which I don't see myself) could be added to the original article. BCorr | Брайен 21:30, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I'd speedy delete it, but duplicate articles don't seem to be a valid speedy deletion reason. Odd that, so I proposed a new rule. Delete. - UtherSRG 20:23, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I thought that this was discussed and deleted once before. Anyway, you're right...delete. - Lucky 6.9 21:28, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: What a dreadful topic to even have an article on. Geogre 22:32, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Again. Put the stake in the *heart*! Denni ☯ 01:36, 2004 Jul 30 (UTC)


text:
Night of the Steel Assassin

"The Night of the Steel Assassin" is a January 1966 episode of The Wild Wild West TV series, produced by Michael Garrison. It was written by Calvin Clements and Steve Fisher, and directed by Lee Katzin.

This series had US Secret Service agents James West and Artemus Gordon aiding President Ulysses S. Grant in the 1870s American West. Together they faced a plethora of Victorian-era criminals.

Wild, Wild West characters
Recurring Characters:
 * James West, played by Robert Conrad
 * Artemus Gordon, played by Ross Martin
 * President Ulysses S. Grant, played by Roy Engel

"Night of the Steel Assassin" characters:
 * "Iron Man" Torres, played by John Dehner
 * Nina Gilbert, played by Sue Ane Langdon
 * R. L. Gilbert, played by John Pickard
 * Dr. Meyer, played by Arthur Malet
 * Maria, played by Sara Taft
 * Lopez, played by Allen Jaffe
 * Bartender, played by Bruno VeSota

Synopsis
As secret agent Jim West entered a sailor's shop on the wharf, he witnessed the death by strangulation of a man named Gilbert at the hands of an assassin named Torres. West tried to stop the murderer but bullets glanced harmlessly off the man, and the agent finally drove him off with a smoke pellet. West learned that Colonel "Iron Man" Torres (John Dehner), a former Army officer scarred and crippled by an accidental explosion and repaired by surgically implanted steel plates, systematically murdered six officers who he thought were responsible for his accident. He served with seven officers during the Civil War and believed they tricked him into pulling guard duty when his accident occurred. Nina (Sue Ann Langdon), Gilbert's niece, appeared waving a picture of Torres and the other officers, the last one alive being President Ulysses Grant (Roy Engel). Fearing for Grant's life, West and Gordon unsuccessfully tried to divert Grant away from his speech in a nearby town.

In order to pursue his vengeance, Torres learned the skills of 'auto-suggestion' instead of anesthetics during surgery, and hypnosis, in the form of a spinning lampshade, which he used to regress the niece of his latest victim, Nina Gilbert, into a childlike personality and to control (or so he thought) Artemus Gordon. The hypnotizing of Nina was performed in disguise: with the backdrop of Bach's Dorian Toccata and Fugue in D-Minor, he questioned her about her studies in psychology and made a reference to regression as he spun the lampshade; as he continued to talk about regression and later actively suggested it, her attention was caught by the bright flashing light in her eyes and she unknowingly went into a trance. Once entranced she was regressed into a laughing, empty-headed girl. She was later found by West as a carefree can-can dancer in a bar, with no memory of ever meeting West previously.

Torres used Nina to capture West. Dangling in front of 2 wireless remote-controlled rockets, one aimed at him, the other at Grant, West freed himself in time to prevent the rockets' launch and confronted Torres by an underground river. A fight ensued as West drove the ironman into the river, where he sank like a knight in armor.

In the end, Nina returned to normal, using the same lamp, but still provocatively dressed as a dancer, which provoked a fit of rage as she didn't understand what occurred.

title: Night of the Steel Assassin


text:
Talk:Michèle Raymond

Untitled
It would be nice to know what country this person comes from. Deb 20:04, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Please cite information. "She has received criticism..." -- Where? From who? Is this in print somewhere, or online? Unsupported claims of having "received criticism" (by someone other than the author of the claim) appear to be partisan political statements. (Furthermore, there was indeed recent paving done in the outlying areas of the constituency.) Feel free to add these details again if citations or evidence can be provided, but don't make vague assertions that have little basis in fact.

Further clarity would also be helpful when discussing the lack of clean water. Which communities? What's wrong with the water (ie, contaminated wells? high levels of toxins?) and who is responsible? Is this problem entirely within this person's jurisdiction, or are there other persons or agencies also responsible? Are there any published comments that can be cited regarding this issue? It would seem from Ms. Raymond's website (and a quick search for "water") that she has done much to address this issue. 24.137.83.231 02:12, 1 February 2007 (UTC)Andy

title: Talk:Michèle Raymond


text:
Ford Consul

The Ford Consul is a car that was manufactured by Ford of Britain from 1951 until 1962. The name was later revived for a model produced by Ford in both the UK and in Germany from 1972 until 1975.

Between 1951 and 1962, the Consul was the four-cylinder base model of the three-model Ford Zephyr range, comprising Consul, Zephyr, and Zephyr Zodiac. In 1956, the line was restyled. In 1962, the Consul was replaced by the Zephyr 4, the mid-range Zephyr model becoming the Zephyr 6, and the top-of-the-range Zephyr Zodiac just being called the Zodiac. At this point, Consul became a range of smaller cars in its own right, initially the Consul Classic and Consul Capri, shortly joined by the even smaller Consul Cortina. The Consul Classic was only made for two years (August 1961 - March 1963), before being replaced by the Consul Corsair. The Consul Capri was made from October 1961 until August 1964.

The Consul Classic, the Consul Capri, and the Consul Corsair (made from 1963 until 1970) were relatively short-lived, but the Ford Cortina, after losing (along with the Corsair) the "Consul" tag in 1964, went on to become a best-seller. The Consul name was again used by Ford from 1972 to 1975 on a replacement for the Zephyr range, now sharing a body with the more luxurious Ford Granada Mark I. The two-door coupé Capri's name was also reintroduced in 1969, and survived until 1986.

Ford Consul EOTA (1951–1956)
The 1500 cc four-cylinder Consul was first shown at the 1950 London Motor Show. It was the start of Ford of Britain's successful attack on the family saloon car market. With stablemate Zephyr, it was the first British Ford with modern unibody construction. The Zephyr Six replaced the larger-engined V-8 Pilot which had been made in only small numbers. The Consul was given the Ford code of EOTA. Most cars were four-door saloons with body design by George Walker of the parent United States Ford Motor Company, but a few estate cars were made by the coachbuilder Abbott. From 1953, a convertible conversion by Carbodies became available. Having lost most of its strength with its roof, the unibody was reinforced by welding in a large X-frame to the floor pan. Unlike the more expensive Zephyr, the hood (convertible top) had to be put up and down manually.

It was also the first car they built with up-to-date technology. The new 1508 cc 47 bhp engine had overhead valves, and hydraulic clutch operation was used, which in 1950 was an unusual feature. However, a three-speed gearbox, with synchromesh only on second and top, was retained. The Consul was also the first British production car to use the now-common MacPherson strut independent front suspension.

The bench front seat was trimmed in PVC, and the handbrake was operated by an umbrella-style pull lever under the facia (dash). The windscreen wipers used the antiquated vacuum system, but it came from a vacuum pump linked to the camshaft-driven fuel pump instead of the induction manifold as on Ford's earlier applications of this arrangement. Clearly keen to keep things positive, a 1950 road test by the British Autocar magazine reported that the wipers were "free from the disadvantage of early suction-driven wipers that dried up at wide throttle opening  ... and spare[d] the battery". The initial dashboard was a flat, symmetrical panel with interchangeable instrument cluster and glovebox, but from September 1952, a redesigned asymmetrical dashboard was fitted, and the instruments, consisting of speedometer, ammeter, and fuel gauge, were positioned in a housing above the steering column, with a full-width parcel shelf on which an optional radio could be placed.

A car tested by The Motor in 1953 had a top speed of 72 mph and could accelerate from 0-60 mph in 28 seconds. A fuel consumption of 26 mpgimp was recorded. The test car cost £732 including taxes.

Ford Consul Mark II (1956–1962)
In 1956, a new Consul appeared with the Ford code of 204E. The car was still the four-cylinder submodel of the Zephyr range, with which it shared the same basic body shell. Compared with the original, it had a longer wheelbase, larger 1703 cc, 59 bhp engine, and a complete restyle, borrowing cues from the 1956 models of America's Thunderbird and Fairlane. One thing not updated was the windscreen wipers, which were still vacuum-operated. The roof profile was lowered in 1959 on the Mark II 'lowline' version, which also had redesigned rear lights and much of the external bright work in stainless steel. Front disc brakes with vacuum servo appeared as an option in 1960 and were made standard in 1961 (four-wheel drum brakes only, in Australia). The name became the Consul 375 in mid-1961.

The convertible version made by Carbodies continued. A De Luxe version with contrasting roof colour and higher equipment specification was added in 1957. The Australian market had factory-built versions of the coupé utility (pick up) and estate car (station wagon), as well as a locally engineered version of the saloon. They were also imported by Ford of Canada as a companion to the Falcon.

A Consul Mark II tested by The Motor in 1956 had a top speed of 79.3 mph and could accelerate from 0-60 mph in 23.2 seconds. A fuel consumption of 22.1 mpgimp was recorded. The test car cost £781 including taxes. A 1960 Ford Consul Mark II was the taxi in which American singer Eddie Cochran died, and not, as many have stated, a London hackney cab.

Ford Consul (Granada Mark I based) (1972–1975)
The Ford Consul name was revived in April 1972 for the lower-priced, lower-specification variants of the newly introduced Ford Granada. Developed jointly by Ford Britain and Ford of Germany, the cars were built in Cologne in West Germany and in Dagenham in the United Kingdom. Consul models can be identified by a two-panel cross-mesh grille as opposed to the horizontal chrome bar grille of the Granadas.

Consul, Consul L, and Consul GT models were offered and were available in two-door saloon, four-door saloon, two-door coupé, and five-door estate bodystyles. Unlike the previous Zephyr Estate, the Consul Estate was produced by Ford rather than by an outside contractor.

The 1663 cc Essex V4 and 1996 cc Essex V4 with 77 and 92 hp, respectively, and a 2495 cc Essex V6 with 118 hp were the power units offered in the UK. In addition, the Consul GT was powered by the 2994 cc Essex V6 engine providing 138 hp. Because it was less well equipped than the similarly powered Granada, it was about 1 long cwt lighter and correspondingly quicker. In late 1974, the Essex V4 was replaced by the 2.0 litre Pinto engine.

In Germany, the Consul was offered with a choice of German-built Ford engines, starting with the 1699 cc Ford Taunus V4 engine familiar to drivers of the Ford Taunus 17M. The 2.0 litre straight-four and a 2.3 litre Cologne V6 were also available.

The Consul name was discontinued in late 1975 after the UK Court of Appeal ruled that Granada Group could not prevent Ford registering the name Granada as a trademark. The Granada name was then applied to all models.

title: Ford Consul


text:
User talk:Hydrotaphia

Please feel free to use this space to correspond with me. Thank you. --Hydrotaphia 00:39, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

You should now correspond with me at my new username's talk page, User talk:Hydriotaphia. Hydriotaphia 06:14, Dec 2, 2004 (UTC)

About Sir T.B.
Welcome to the 'pedia! Yes you must change your user name otherwise an erroneous spelling could be widely disseminated. Why don't you just open another new account with the correct spelling!! For myself Frank Huntley is one of the best of American scholars on Browne and there has been a few in the 20th c. I engaged in a correpondence with Jeremiah Finch for several years, not sure if he is alive anymore though. Just examine the text closely and count how many times the respective words 'conjecture' and 'discern' occur in the text of Urn/Cyrus. What Huntley amply argues is that imagery of unknowingness, darkness, oblivion and doubt abound in Urn whilst in distinct contrast and polarity the words 'discern' 'delight' 'certainty' and imagery of light abound in Cyrus. If we don't agree about the highly pronounced polarity of the 2 Discourses exists and whether  POLARITY is integral to the construction and relationship of the 'twin' or 'mirror' Discourses then i must hear your arguement as to just why  you believe Cyrus is attached to Urn. Anyway, for my money Huntley is a sound critic. i believe i have a copy of the paper he delivered here at Norwich in 1982 about Browne. Have you found my contribution to Wikisource yet? It contains many pages from the miscellaneous note-books of Browne. I would be v. interested to know what other editions and criticisms you've consulted/read, the 4 vols of Geoffrey Keynes remains the most authorative text. That's enough for now, i conceed that Urn is the slightly stronger in style and content of the 2 Discourses  but continue to argue that Cyrus is the mistakenly overlooked and may well be the obverse and not reverse of the coin  with its utterly hermetic description of the interconnection of all to all via the ubiquitous symbol of the Quincunx !! P.S. The usage of the word 'conjecture' at the conclusion of Cyrus quite simply amplifies the circular or Uroboros nature of the two Discourses, having spent so long discerning art and nature the psyche of the worthy doctor tired and sleepy  returns once more to darkness, night, unknowingness, doubt and therefore once again to the cloudy world of conjecture  Best wishes Norwikian 14:55, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Hi Hydrio! Here is my favourite Frank Huntley quote on Sir T.B. hope you like it. 'He is a psychologist with a sense of humour, a botanist, embryologist, archaeologist and physician, a guest at the banquet of beauty, knowledge, work and religion'-Frank Huntley '62 Norwikian 10:57, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Name change
Since I figured you might not be aware that your request was moved into the 'pending requests' section, I thought I'd draw your attention to it. I think your name change has not taken place yet because you did not follow the procedure as stated on the Changing username page. In particular, you should make the new account (without typo) and confirm your request for name change with it. Then you can go editing on with your new account, and one day you will find that all contributions from your old account are attributed to your new account. Good luck! - Mark Dingemanse (talk)  20:40, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC) (just another user who is in the middle of a name change).

title: User talk:Hydrotaphia


text:
User:Seth Ilys/links

N&O: Wake, Durham, Orange, Johnston, Chatham

HS: Durham, Orange, Chatham, Granville, Person

Apex Herald, Cary News, Chatham Journal, Chapel Hill Herald, Eastern Wake, North Raleigh

WRAL, WTVD, WNCN, News14

Independent Weekly

Daily Tar Heel (UNC), Chronicle (Duke), Technician (NCSU)

title: User:Seth Ilys/links


text:
User talk:Mr spooky

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

title: User talk:Mr spooky


text:
User talk:Gambrill

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! Oops! Will do (new to Wikipedia) Gambrill 20:20, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gambrill