text:
Fonthill, Ontario

Fonthill is a community in the town of Pelham, Ontario, Canada. It has a few small industries, but is primarily a residential suburb with some fruit orchards, nature trails, and neighbourly attitude. As a bedroom community, most residents commute to Welland, St. Catharines and some as far as Buffalo, Hamilton and Toronto daily for work.

Geography and geology
Fonthill shares its name with the Fonthill Kame, on which it is located, formed by glacial deposits. Effingham Creek, a cold-water stream, originates in the glacial silts and sands of Short Hills area of the moraine, northwest of Fonthill. Effingham Creek is a tributary to Twelve-Mile Creek, which empties into Lake Ontario.

For more about the geology of the town, see Fonthill Kame.

History
There is some debate about the early days of Fonthill and how it became named.

First, there seems to be a record of settlement growing in 1829 and the area being called “Osborne’s Corners” around 1842; next it was “Temperanceville” and finally “Fonthill” after Fonthill Abbey in England. Henry Giles, an early settler wrote his brother in England in July 1843 "The principal man in the new village, a reformed drunkard, wishes to name it Temperanceville which I tell him is a vile name... I have proposed the name of Fonthill. Mount Albion has also been talked of, but no name is yet fixed upon. It was named Temperanceville but the name of Fonthill was made somewhat official by an 1848 bylaw. Both names were in use with Temperanceville remaining into use as a local name until the 1860s or 70s and persisting in names like the Temperanceville Hotel. The post office dates from 1856.

Fonthill became an incorporated village in 1922.

Fonthill grew and smaller businesses did well.

One large business was Fonthill Nurseries. Started in 1837 the nursery, at its peak, rented or owned 1000 acres, employed 250 local people and shipped throughout Canada and abroad. The nursery closed in 1968.

A second large business was the Fonthill Canning Factory. Opening in 1912 primarily for the local tomato crop, they also canned local fruit. They factory employed about 260 local people and closed in 1958.

On June 10, 2006, Fonthill celebrated its 150th anniversary. The celebration was marked by the opening of the band stand (a replica of the original band stand that existed in the early 1900s), historical displays and a variety of musical and artistic presentations.

Can-View Drive In
On May 20, 1996, Fonthill's Can-View Drive In was reportedly struck by a tornado, which resulted in the destruction of one of its four outdoor movie screens. The incident led to a widely reported urban legend that the screen was destroyed during a screening of the blockbuster film Twister (1996 film), with some purported witnesses even claiming that the incident took place during a point in the film depicting the destruction of a drive-in movie theater. Though largely discredited, the legend has produced numerous accounts over the years, including a 2018 short documentary produced by The Atlantic.

Location
Fonthill is a fifteen-minute drive south of St. Catharines, five minutes northwest of Welland, twenty minutes west from Niagara Falls and twenty minutes north of Port Colborne. Its main access route is Highway 20, a portion of which is also known as Canboro Road, running west to east from Hamilton to Niagara Falls. Access to the United States is through either the Peace Bridge in Fort Erie, the Rainbow Bridge in Niagara Falls, or the Lewiston-Queenston Bridge in Queenston.

Economy
In the Town of Pelham, Fonthill is the commercial centre where residents have access to basic shopping necessities. It also has the Town of Pelham Municipal offices. Several retirement homes are located in the village of Fonthill.

Plenty of greenspace areas are located within the Fonthill village. A series of public access trails, the primary system being the Steve Bauer trails which are named after a Pelham Olympian, are built into the residential planning of Fonthill. Harold Black Park, named for a former Mayor, plays host to the town's Canada Day festivities, which includes a parade down Haist Street. There is also a park named in honour of local golf legend Marlene Stewart Streit, which consists of a skate park, a large outdoor pool, and nature trails.

Fonthill has tried to balance its natural resources with a suitable development scheme, keeping an eye on a policy of smart growth.

Economic activities in the Town of Pelham ( Fonthill, Fenwick, Ridgeville and North Pelham) are diverse. Orchards of cherry, apple, and peach trees are located throughout the town. There are thousands of hectares of vineyards in Pelham (see also Viticulture) and a viable greenhouse industry.

Additionally, thousands of tonnes of aggregate material are removed each year from a large quarry at the top of the Fonthill Kame. Quarry sites in the area are usually rehabilitated. Fruit orchards have been developed in many of these sites, and a golf course occupies one.

Education
Fonthill has three elementary schools:
 * Glynn A. Green Elementary School (operated by the DSBN)
 * A. K. Wigg Elementary School (operated by the DSBN)
 * St. Alexander Catholic Elementary School (operated by the NCDSB) opened in 1958. In 2011, it had an enrollment of about 450 pupils.

It has one high school:
 * E.L. Crossley Secondary School (operated by the DSBN) attended by just under 900 students

Other educational resources:
 * No. 613 Royal Canadian Army Cadet Corps is based at the local Royal Canadian Legion hall. It is affiliated with the Lincoln and Welland Regiment.
 * Fonthill Montessori Preschool takes children from 18 months to six years old. This is a private school.

title: Fonthill, Ontario


text:
Patent model

A patent model was a handmade miniature model no larger than 12" by 12" by 12" (approximately 30 cm by 30 cm by 30 cm) that showed how an invention works. It was one of the most interesting early features of the United States patent system.

Since some early inventors had little technological or legal training, it was difficult for them to submit formal patent applications which require the novel features of an invention to be described in a written application and a number of diagrams.

History
In the US, patent models were required from 1790 to 1880. The United States Congress abolished the legal requirement for them in 1870, but the U.S. Patent Office (USPTO) kept the requirement until 1880.

On July 31, 1790 inventor Samuel Hopkins of Pittsford, Vermont became the first person to be issued a patent in the United States. His patented invention was an improvement in the "making of Pot Ash by a new apparatus & process." These earliest patent law required that a working model of each invention be produced in miniature.

Some inventors still willingly submitted models at the turn of the twentieth century. In some cases, an inventor may still want to present a "working model" as an evidence to prove actual reduction to practice in an interference proceeding. In some jurisdictions patent models stayed an aid to demonstrate the operation of the invention. In applications involving genetics, samples of genetic material or DNA sequences may be required.

United States Patent Office's collection of models
The United States Patent Office used to publicly display the models of approved patents. This collection of models suffered two major fires- one in 1836, and another in 1877. The 1877 fire destroyed 75,000 patent models.

In 1908, the Patent Office donated just over 1,000 patent models to United States National Museum. The remaining models were packed and moved several times before Congress chose to dissolve the collection in 1926. The Smithsonian Institution was allowed to choose first from the remaining models; accessions from the Patent Office now form part of the collection of over 10,000 patent models at the National Museum of American History. Many models were sold off by the patent office in 1925 and were purchased by Sir Henry Wellcome, the founder of the Burroughs-Wellcome Company (now part of GlaxoSmithKline). Although he intended to establish a patent model museum, the stock market crash of 1929 damaged his fortune; the models were left in storage. After his death, the collection went through a number of ownership changes; a large portion of the collection—along with $1,000,000—was donated to the nonprofit United States Patent Model Foundation by Cliff Peterson. Rather than being put into a museum, these models were slowly sold off by the foundation. Much legal wrangling, purchasing, and re-selling ensued. A comparatively small number of models (4,000) were the property of the Rothschild Patent Museum until 2015, when they were transferred to Hagley Museum and Library, forming a part of the museum's collection of patent models. With over 5,000 models, the Hagley's is the largest private collection, and second in size only to the Smithsonian's.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Patent model


text:
User talk:Mpolo

/archive 1 09:24, Dec 15, 2004 (UTC)

Mona Lisa by Duchamp
Hi, I have just noticed your edit You suggested that the original art work's copyright protection has expired. Is that the case? Are you talking about Da Vinci's work by any chance and not Duchamp's? Or are you indicating that Duchamp's modification of the Mona Lisa lacks minimum degree of creativity to warrant him any copyright? I just could not decide myself, but thought it would be good to get your attention. Tomos 12:17, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi. Thank you for your answer at my talk page. I thought about it again. As I understand, the period of copyright protection in many jurisdictions (for example the members of the Berne Convention) is calculated as author's life + x years, x currently being 50 (minimum according to the Convention) or 70 years (becoming popular especially among European countries). When a work is created and published before 1923, it is in the public domain in the U.S., while protected in some other countries because Marcel Duchamp lived until 1968. So perhaps {PD-art-US} is the best tag for that image? Tomos 17:52, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

ASCII
Your ASCII graphic contains the apostrophe character twice. The one that comes right before "a" should actually be a grave accent character. Is there any chance you could correct the image? - mjb 01:52, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Further, it says that there are ninety five printable ASCII characters, but both SPACE and DEL are nonprinting, would this not reduce the total to ninety four? — Hobart 21:32, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Spanish Translation of the Week
I would like to revive this project. I noticed that you've added yourself to the list of available Spanish-to-English translators. Are you interested in working on Spanish Translation of the Week? — J3ff 06:21, 21 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Alleged Biblical inconsistencies
An editor has |just added a comment to this page. It is in connection with the children of Adam and Eve. I wanted to edit it because although he is correct in what he says, I think it could be better worded. However, I don't really follow the argument. As the history shows you as being the one that wrote it, could you please clarify what the alleged inconsistency is (either as a reply here or in the article)? Philip J. Rayment 01:48, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the follow-up. However, what I was wanting as much as anything was for you to clarify the part that you originally wrote.  You wrote "Further problems sometimes cited in regard to the creation account because the text only indicates the existence of Adam, Eve, Cain, and Seth after the third chapter. Nonetheless, both Seth and Cain have children, ... Lilith is sometimes cited here as a solution ...".  But this doesn't really explain just what the problems are.  I assume that it is meant to indicate a problem as to how there can be children without mothers (allegedly) existing, but this is not clear.  Am I correct in that assumption?  Philip J. Rayment 13:46, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Isn't that about incest?     11:42, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

Republics
Need your help and/or advice. The British Wikipedian Republican Party sought fit to delete Wikinfo:Classical definition of republic from Wikipedia. There is a terrible brouhaha at Talk:Republic. They won't even allow an external link! SimonP really doesn't know what he is doing. They deleted the Classical definition of republic and created mixed government and politeia instead. The official title of mixed government is a Republic and the Romans translated "politiea" as Republic. And then to top it off the new article Classical republicanism doesn't refer to the Classical republics of Crete, Sparta, Solonic Athens, or Rome but to Machiavelli's ideology. How can that be when Venice in the 13th century instituted a mixed government and called herself a "Republic".

With Jwrosenwieg and Kim Bruning there was a tacit agreement a year ago to have republic be the modern meaning and a [Classical definition of republic] to describe the ancient republics of Hellas and Rome and their influence. To say the least the "Republic section" is all messed up. We need some clarification. I have new information but User:Snowspinner won't let me bring this back up for undelete. (I do grant that a little bit of the Classical definition is original but the rest is not.) I will not let Sparta be called anything but a republic! I will not let the British wikipedian modern republicans strip Sparta, (my heritage and roots) of her rightful name. She is a Classical republic and needs to be called such! At the least, where is the damage in having an external link?WHEELER 15:30, 17 Mar 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Bible
There has been recent discussion at this WikiProject. You are indicated as a member, and so may wish to join it. 11:40, 16 July 2005 (UTC)

Who said that Irenaeus wrote/edited the Gospel of John?
I noticed this here. Although you may not have been the first person to insert the statement about "some" believing that Irenaeus wrote the Fourth Gospel, I noticed that you had either inserted it or reinserted it. I was wondering whether you could shed some light on where the claim comes from. If it can't be sourced, I would like to move for its deletion. I must sound like a blowhard know-it-all in this sentence, but I've got some two dozen various extensive commentary books on John and none of them make note of such a view. Of course, if it can be sourced, that would be great. If you didn't insert it, maybe you can tell me who did so I can inquire with him or her? --Peter Kirby 08:43, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

Sesame Street on FAC
Hi there, you supported Sesame Street becoming a featured article by in 2004, I was wondering if you'd mind looking again at the article, and possibly supporting the current campaign? Thanks for your time! -- user:zanimum

ASCII image
Hello. What font did you use in Image:Ascii full.png? —Slicing (talk) 22:57, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Pages up for deletion
There are two pages up for deletion Revolution within the form and Cretan/Spartan connection. Can I ask for a vote to Transwiki these. Thanks.WHEELER 23:59, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

St John Bosco
There has been some additions to the John Bosco page saying he was a closest homosexual or pederast. This is not NPOV. Do you agree?evrik 23:22, 23 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Saint John Bosco

USerbox
Something new ...

Preventing an edit war on the saints
It was the established operation of the WikiProject Saints to have a section in the info box on a sample prayer. Some editors have been recently been attacking this in the individual articles.

It is my belief that prayers in a literary or historic context are NPOV. I can understand that some may consider the inclusion of a prayer to be hagiographic, but freedom of religion is not freedom from religion.

There is a 3RR about to happen on a number of these articles. I am trying to be philosophical about this, but don’t want to yield the point when what is happening goes against the consensus and borders on vandalism.

It is my understanding that if an editing disagreement occurs that the status quo, in this case leaving the prayers in place, holds until it is resolved. I encourage you to comment on this at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Saints. I have posted my thoughts at the village pump.

--evrik 15:28, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Possible renaming of Wikipedia:WikiProject Saints
It has been suggested that the above named project be renamed WikiProject Christian saints. Please express your opinion on this proposed renaming, and the accompanying re-definition of the scope of the project, here. John Carter 17:18, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

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WikiProject Christianity
Hello !

You are receiving this invitation because you are a member of one of the related Christianity Projects and I thought that you might be interested in this project also - Tinucherian (talk) 04:51, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

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Ichthus: January 2012
 In this issue...

- Ichthus is the newsletter of Christianity on Wikipedia • It is published by WikiProject Christianity For submissions contact the Newsroom • To unsubscribe add yourself to the list here
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Mpolo


text:
Talk:The Village (2004 film)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 6 June 2019 and 24 July 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Adavila42.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 11:12, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

correction : Plot
The plot description contain numerous factual errors "death on the increase amongst the villagers", Ivy can "see vague lights and shapes", "elders agree to allow Ivy to pass through the forest"...ect. It is also full of suppositions not supported by the film such as "security team --- thinks they are protecting a habitat full of wild animals". I have corrected those and cleaned up the prose a little.(Halfblue 04:07, 21 February 2006 (UTC))

The name "Kevin" appears without any explanation, as follows:

"(Kevin's superior, who can briefly be seen in a reflection as being Shyamalan himself, ...)". I think there should be a short explanation about - who is Kevin. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.125.103.77 (talk) 14:32, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Also - "It is implied in that scene that it was Noah who had been skinning the animals all along" - I don't think that's a supportable statement - since during the scene where the creatures invade, Noah is among the other villagers hiding in the basement. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.251.125.69 (talk) 22:24, 13 November 2008 (UTC)

correction : Reception
A $14 million dollar net is not exactly a hit... and it falls way short of Shyamalan’s other “hits”.. so “modest” seems to best describe it.

The term “raking in audiences” seems to be more fan hyperbole more than an accurate statement. A large, and universally considered deceptive, advertising campaign brought in the viewers the first weekend. And once they got there they apparently didn’t like what they saw since “The Village” had one of the biggest drop-offs in box office of any film that year.(Halfblue 04:07, 21 February 2006 (UTC))

Genre
I saw this movie, and think it is less a horror film, more a dramatic thriller. Guppy

Reception
Why delete the reference to the good reviews? It is factual and supported by the link. Gaohoyt 03:33, 24 June 2006 (UTC)
 * The addition seemed to be adding a positive spin to a film that garnered overwhelmingly bad reviews, and that seemed to be adding a biased statement NPOV. Also the linked source contradicted the edit: edit stated " effective use of actors" and linked text stated "Weaver's role amounts to little, and you feel pity for Brody, stuck in a part that hardly called for an Oscar winner" ... that was a misrepresentation of the source. 69.72.7.183 22:19, 25 June 2006 (UTC)

OK, but Rotten Tomatoes has it at 42% which is mixed, not overwhelming. Agree that the young characters had better performances (and writing). I can support all the good things I said, and maybe I will someday. Thanks for your explanation, though. I thought Shyamalan botched the ending.Gaohoyt 02:48, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Actualy it’s not a matter of supporting what you want to write. I think I can find a reviewer's statement that supports each point you had as well. It’s a matter of adding bias to a short encyclopedic article. And Wikipedia looks on adding an equal contrary statement to an article where the two sides are not equivalent as a form of bias (please see WP:NPOV). The bias in question seems to be Undue weight:
 * Undue weight applies to more than just viewpoints. Just as giving undue weight to a viewpoint is not neutral, so is giving undue weight to other verifiable and sourced statements. An article should not give undue weight to any aspects of the subject, but should strive to treat each aspect with a weight appropriate to its significance to the subject. Note that undue weight can be given in several ways, including, but not limited to, depth of detail, quantity of text, prominence of placement, and juxtaposition of statements.
 * According to Rotten Tomatoes 42% misses a "fresh" rating of 60% by almost 20 points and falls way short of their 75% "certified fresh". The "Tomatometer" usually scores a movie high since it’s a binary rating... see it/don't see it. A movie that passes most critics muster will score in the 70's pretty easy. A 42% is a pretty dismal movie as far as this rating system is concerned. I think Halfblue's addition of "Criticisms" seems to be fairly "weighted" and is a useful counterpoint to the recent edits made by fans of the movie who seem to just want to put forward their opinion, instead of making a balanced, neutral edit. 69.72.7.54 18:17, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

In no way does a 42% favorable rating among the critics justify a 0% favorable description in Wikipedia. If there were 100 references in the article and 42 of them were favorable, would you delete the 42 on the grounds that they represented a non-neutral POV? This a not a paper-based medium where we have to deny the user information because there isn't room for it. Why deny him the knowledge that, for example, the movie's music, or Bryce Dallas Howard's performance, drew praise?
 * The "Tomatometer" is not a rating of how many critics liked the movie--- it is a rating of how many critics said "don't go see it". A critic can dislike parts of a movie and still say it's worth seeing. Having that many critics say flat out “Don’t see it” is a much higher sanction than just how much they like it. Rotten Tomatoes has another rating, "average rating", which for this movie is 5.5. That equals about a 2 star movie (on a scale of 4). 2 stars would be the mean between 1 stars and 3 stars or 33% said it was an OK film, 33% said it was a mediocre film, and 33% said it was an awful film. The description of the movie in the article should reflect that "Weight". The section on "Criticisms" seems pretty "weighted" i.e. it gives the reader a "feel" for the reception the movie got. I'm not saying good things can't be said. I for one would love to see the addition "This film was noted for Bryce Dallas Howard's exceptional debut performance" (not sure if it is her "debut"... research required) 69.72.93.159 01:36, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

I just finished watching this movie. And I was MAJOR disapointed. I was expecting a triller. The story was supposed to be about the villagers and their long-standing truce with the "creatures" that live in the woods. I was expecting the creatures to be real. That was what (IMHO) would have made a good film. Reality. Nope -- it was "all farce." These were a group of people who all had blinders on to the world! Dumb. Totally and completly dumb. And the movie cheats, by opening with a statement that the time is in the late 19th century -- a lie. That was the whole story of the film -- a lie. Disapointing. -- Jason Palpatine 07:31, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

I would assume that the reason why this movie has received such mixed reactions, is the very fact that it is so difficult to place in a specific category. People go to see it expecting a classic style horror movie, and are disappointed when they realize that it is a different ballgame alltogether. This is not surprising, as the marketing of the movie was indeed somewhat misleading. Personally, I was not bothered by this; I found it to be a very good and interesting film throughout. Consolamentum

I’m still astonished at the current 42% rating, I’ve seen this movie so many times and the Hurt’s and Howard’s performances, the photography and the score are just outstanding. I hope that with time this film will be appreciated the way it deserves. Pazvilre (talk) 13:52, 30 January 2021 (UTC)

Spoiler
If you wish to see (or reveal the entire plot of this movie) see: Spoiler_The_Village

I've seen the movie...the article doesn't tell the entire story. Is that for spoiler purposes? Mike H 19:30, Jul 31, 2004 (UTC)

I think they deleted the spoiler portion. There used to be one...

There's nothing wrong with a spoilers section so long as it doesn't give away everything. I mean, come on, this movie has only been out three days! Besides, the spoiler section I deleted had a LOT of incorrect info. RickK 23:02, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * That is true. Too bad "the movie sucked" was a violation of NPOV. I'd surely put it. Mike H 23:03, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

Inaccurate: 19th century
I am removing "19th century", replacing with "small agrarian" in mentioning the village.Pedant 11:06, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Why is the setting listed as an 1897 colony? I don't recall that date ever appearing, and once the ending is revealed, it is clearly not 1897.

 * In the beginning of the film, the headstone of the villager who died recently (sorry, can't remember his name) lists the year of death as 1897. Mr.Gruntor 11:00, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)

There is an intoductory blurb at the start of the movie that states that the setting is Pennsylvainia in the yaer 1897. -- Jason Palpatine 07:34, 15 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Changed “small agrarian village” to “small village in 1897”… the tombstone in the beginning clearly has the data “1897” as the child’s death date.(Halfblue 04:07, 21 February 2006 (UTC))

 * Although the tombstone and the period pieces would indicate that the dating is in the late 19th-century, the group counseling picture of the Elders (discovered in one of the locked boxes) suggest that their counseling sessions took place sometime in the 1970s, which would make the actual date much more current. Also, the security jeep and the security station (including the interior props, such as the refrigerator, antibiotics, etc.) would indicate a more modern time frame.  Thus it appears that the dates listed at the beginning of the film, including the one on the tombstone, is set to initially throw off viewers. - Cybjorg 12:56, 21 December 2006 (UTC)

Meant to throw off the viewers? Gee, no shit, Sherlock. How long did it take you to crack THAT case?

Inaccurate
One man breaks this covenant ---> One of the younger men fearlessly breaks this tradition (there is no covenant, it is a tradition)

The creatures begin leaving increasingly horrific warnings -->the villagers begin to experience increasingly frightening warnings. (untrue in it's previous form)Pedant 04:16, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

reversion : spoiler vandalism
anonymous user revert to 04:12, 6 Aug 2004

Spoiler time?
Is it now time to write a decent article here? I'll write down the plot and spoiler – after all, The Sixth Sense has a full writeup. I've removed the silly spoiler the village link, btw. violet/riga (t) 23:06, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Billionaire vs. millionaire
I thought the newspaper headline shown when he opened the trunk said he was a billionaire, not a millionaire? You wouldn't be able to finance that place on a million dollars. 69.243.41.28 07:08, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Confirmed via google. (spoiler alert, of course.) 69.243.41.28 07:11, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Time During Which Story Takes Place
((spoiler)) The statement that the film is set in 1976 seems to be incorrect. The photograph removed from the "bad box" is clearly taken in the seventies (clothing & hair styles, more specifically year model of car), but that picture was taken before (even if immediately before) the start of the village. Given that individuals such as Ivy Walker and Lucius Hunt have grown up exclusively in the village, and that they are at least in their 20's (possibly early 30's even), then the story is set in the 1990's or even the "present day." (Note the Land Rover driven by the park ranger as further evidence of a later date.)
 * Changed “began in 1976” to “some time in the 1970's”. The age of the village ranges from 30 years (given in some synopsis and backed up by a 1973 car in the “clinic scene” photo) to 20 years depending on how old you think Joaquin Phoenix’s character is (he is a baby in that very same photo). Given that it would take some time to establish the village before they move in, the date may fall somewhere around 1979 if Phoenix is a 25 year old or 1974 if he is a 30 year old.(Halfblue 04:07, 21 February 2006 (UTC))

 * I also changed “the film is set in a much more modern time than was implied.” to “the film is set in the present day" (a newspaper headline in one scene has the date July 30th 2004, the date of the film's release) (Halfblue 04:07, 21 February 2006 (UTC))

Trivia
I take issue with the section at the end... whoever added the parts about "definately stole" and whatnot is clearly not following NPOV, at least in my opinion. Anyone care if I tag the section or remove the offending bits?--MUSpud2 05:00, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Just take it out, citing NPOV in your edit summary. I've been meaning to do it myself, I just haven't gotten around to it. Micro tonal ... (Put your head on my shoulder) 07:12, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

This is something that came to me the other day and I wanted to know if anybody could confirm this: Is the "Buzzing" sound that the Villagers hear from the woods actually airplanes flying nearby (and out of sight as mentioned in the movie). I ask this since I live rather close to a small airport and I hear similar sounds to that of the movie. Darwin's Bulldog 02:00, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * SPOILER*

 * Not sure about buzzing, but the freaky sounds (howling) in the woods were made by windpipes the elders left hanging up in trees. They were shown in a deleted scene on the DVD. --  Bane s  20:30, 8 June 2006 (UTC)

Added "Criticisms"
I have taken a cue from the Signs (film) article and added the section "Criticisms" to the article and moved one opinion based edit to it. I also changed "Reception" to "Box office" Halfblue 14:41, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Those We Don't Speak Of-merge
I disagree, there is too much information available about them to put it in this article. The Village (film) would go way off-topic if we added it all here. If we decided to put only a small part of the info from Those We Don't Speak Of here, then we'd be making sure that some of the information is lost. In conclusion; object. —♦♦ SʘʘTHING  (Я)  06:45, 1 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd suggest merging. Info lost may be info that is not needed. The description of Those We Don't Speak Of is nothing more than the observations derived from watching one fictional work of cinema--> The Village. I don't think portions of a work of fiction needs to be described in minute detail in an encyclopedia... people watching The Village have learned all they need to know about Those We Don't Speak Of. And people who have not watched The Village are going to find this article totaly irrelevant - Those We Don't Speak Of have no life outside the film. Describing them here adds nothing to what you can learn about the "character" or the film and can even be detrimental spoiler wise. If Those We Don't Speak Of were part of a larger canon or links to some real world mythological reference then it might add some "meat" to this article, but there seems to be none. Halfblue 05:33, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

I agree with the merging. This is a fine article, but Those We Don't Speak of simply don't warrant an article on their own for all of the reasons Halfblue mentions. Some of this information is pertinent, but much of it is a retread of what's on the movie's artivle. BoosterBronze 16:49, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
 * merge outside of the context of the article on The Village this is not a notable topic.---Jackel 00:39, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Merge - all information can be worked into the plot synopsis of the movie article if written properly, as that is the only source of information. Mcr29 21:53, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

Recent add
Moved below from Criticisms to TALK per wikipedia policy. If this has a scholarly citation please re-add with that citation. 69.72.7.65 23:07, 20 November 2006 (UTC)

''For some, the most interesting surprise was the film's unexpected hero(ine). From the trailer, many viewers expected the main protagonist to be Lucius, as Joaquin Phoenix was gaining significant attention as an "up and comer" in movie media. When the main protagonist turns out to be a blind teenage girl, we witness a clear departure from traditional gender scripts. Ivy is a multi-dimensional character who provides emotional support for her sister, befriends the community's weakest member, courageously sets out to find medicine for Lucius, makes her way through the woods without the gift of sight, and cleverly disposes of the "monster" along the way. It is her bravery that saves Lucius (or so we imagine) in the end.''

Noah skinning the animals?
The plot synopsis states it is implied that Noah skinned the animals left around the village. I don't think that's true, it was done by the elders to scare anyone from venturing into the woods again as Lucius had done. Noah simply found a costume and put it on the one time. Mcr29 22:03, 4 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Here are the indications that it was Noah skinning the animals:

 * Skinned animals were found before Lucius went into the woods so this wasn't an "elder reaction".

 * The only "elder reaction" consisted of leaving red paint on the doors.... not skinning animals.

 * Edward told Ivy the animal skinnings were not part of the "elder monster raids" fear campaign (although since he did not know who did it he thought it must be a renegade elder becuase they were wearing a monster suit, he did not at that time know Noah stole a suit.)

 * Noah is giggling at the creatures screaming in the woods at the beginning of the movie probably to indicate he already knew they were fake.

 * Noah stole his father’s suit pointing to the fact he may have found out about that suit a long time ago.

 * Noah wore the costume more than one time. During the wedding Noah is not seen on screen and (someone) wearing a monster costume skinned the animals that night. A good interpretation of that scene where Edward is confused at the wedding interrogating the boys who saw a "creature" skinning the animals and running away is Edward knows no elder did this (they were all at the wedding and no raid was planed).

 * When Noah’s mom finds out Noah has found and been using the suit she says "Oh the animals!"

 * There is an external clue is in the original script . (and in scenes later replaced) where the creature costume is more of a humped back affair (explaining all the "feathers" around the hole in the floor... they are used for stuffing the hump). The sceen where Ivy encounters the monster in that version describs the monster as "larger and hairier" than the Elders costume. The scene where Noah's parents find him missing does not have "Oh the animals" and the “oh he stole a suit” lines in it... instead is shows the chicken feathers used for stuffing and bits of fur that have been knitted together.... implying that Noah had been skinning the animals to make his own suit, and he made it in the "quiet room" during all his time spent in there.
 * 69.72.2.72 15:48, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

The Pit - Possible Reference / Trivia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onibaba

Onibaba also features a climactic battle of wits involving a young woman fighting a masked "monster" and utilising a round pit in the ground. i saw it several years before i even saw the village and it instantly jumped back into my head when watching it.

cyclomedia —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 82.108.42.194 (talk) 12:28, 8 January 2007 (UTC).

Vandal
Some idiot vandaliced the page typing BEANSBEANSBEANSBEANS over and over and stating it's 'a creepy fucking movie from the worst director ever. all his movies suck balls.' Can someone work this out?201.196.64.142 21:29, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Sorry, I wasn't logged in.Axe995 21:34, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Inspiration?
Is it just me, or does this film bear a remarkable resemblance to the 1960's TV series The Prisoner? OK, so the setting is different, the psychological torture has been removed and the balloon has been substituted but the whole premise is similar - even the title seems linked... Paul-b4 10:25, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

It's totally a rip-off of the book Running out of Time. M. Night Shyamalan is a horrible director and needs to work on being a little more original.

There was a newspaper article in the UK recently claiming the film has allegorical connections to 9/11. It sounds plausible from a certain perpective. I can't comment on the main page because I cant recall the source. (Kentish) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 153.26.241.6 (talk) 16:19, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

Trivia Cleanup
While integrating useful information from the trivia section into the article, two bullet points were removed entirely. The bit about the Scary Movie 4 spoof was removed as irrelevant to the article. The statement

 * "In several scenes, a boom mike can clearly be seen at the top of the screen."

was also removed for lack of a proper source. If it is true, it should probably go back in the article, but I haven't found a good source for it. Can anyone help? Sbacle 16:26, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Vandal
User '05gkerr' vandalized the plot by writing "This Film Is Shit, I Have Seen It Before, The Big Twist Is They Are All Living In The Future."

I would undo this but there is a notice about the plot being too long and I wouldn't want to revert it back to the plot being too long. Any help?

Delta27 (talk) 15:35, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

Siegel
In the Clerks II article it says that Kevin Smith mocked Joel Siegel for giving this movie a good review without having actually seen it. If this is true it might be worthy of a mention in the reception section. WesUGAdawg (talk) 01:03, 2 December 2009 (UTC)

SPOILER NEEDED. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.242.248.73 (talk) 13:02, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

Genre "Fantasy"?
Where is this movie a "fantasy" movie? It would be if there wouldn't be explanations for the "mysterious" events. Genres as of IMDb: Drama, Mystery, Thriller --31.16.7.31 (talk) 15:59, 13 December 2012 (UTC)

"Starme"?
Early in this article, we find this:
 * The movie was shot in a re-creation of a 19th-century village outside Detroit, Michigan, following Shyamalan's penchant for staging his films near Starme's hometown.

No attempt is made to tell us who Starme is. Googling doesn't help. The sentence should end after the word "Michigan" if we are to be kept in the dark about this. Michael Hardy (talk) 02:50, 27 August 2014 (UTC)

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title: Talk:The Village (2004 film)


text:
Einar Jónsson

Einar Jónsson (11 May 1874 – 18 October 1954) was an Icelandic sculptor, born in Galtafell, a farm in southern Iceland.

Biography
At a young age Einar proved himself to be an unusual child with an artistic bent. At that time there was little or no tradition of sculpture in Iceland, so Einar moved to Denmark where he attended the Copenhagen Academy of Art. In 1902 the Althing, the Icelandic parliament, awarded Einar a grant to study in Rome for 2 years. He returned from Rome to Copenhagen and settled down there. According to The Einar Jónsson Museum in Reykjavik, after residing in Rome:

"Jónsson completely rejected naturalistic depiction and publicly criticized the classical art tradition, which he felt had weighed artists down. He emphasized the need for artists to forge their own path and cultivate their originality and imagination instead of following the footsteps of others. His ideas were related to German symbolism, and he developed a figurative language composed of interpretable symbols, personification and allegory."

In 1909, after living abroad for almost 20 years he made an arrangement with the Althing to provide him with a home and studio in Reykjavík. In return, he agreed to donate all his works to the country. Einar designed this combination living and working space in collaboration with Architect Einar Erlendsson, though early plans for the house were designed for him by Iceland's State Architect, Guðjón Samúelsson, but these were never realised.

In 1914 Einar was awarded a commission by Joseph Bunford Samuel to create a statue of Icelandic explorer Þorfinnur Karlsefni (Thorfinn Karlsefni) for placement in Philadelphia. Bunford commissioned the sculpture through a bequest that his wife, Ellen Phillips Samuel, made to the Fairmount Park Art Association (now the Association for Public Art), specifying that the funds were to be used to create a series of sculptures "emblematic of the history of America." Thorfinn Karlsefni (1915–1918) was installed along Philadelphia's Kelly Drive near the Samuel Memorial and unveiled on 20 November 1920. There is another casting of the statue in Reykjavík, Iceland.

In 1917, the day after he married Anne Marie Jørgensen, he and his bride travelled to the United States to complete the work, and today Einar's intrepid Norseman stands on East River Drive in Philadelphia. Several years later, in 1921, his second major North American work was erected when the Icelandic community in Manitoba, Canada purchased a casting of his Jón Sigurðsson statue and had it placed in the Manitoba Legislative Building grounds in Winnipeg. As with the version in Reykjavík, this statue included the bas relief The Pioneers on the base.

After two years in America, Einar returned to Iceland where he produced an amazing body of work, none of it seen outside the country. Unlike most other sculptors, Einar worked almost entirely in plaster. This had to do partly with the lack of good modeling clay in Iceland, but it allowed Einar to work on his individual sculptures for years. Spending over a decade on a particular piece was not uncommon for him.

Style of sculpture
Einar's works fall into three general categories. First, there were the public monuments that he was commissioned by the government to produce. The second group was private commissions that he obtained, consisting of portraits and cemetery monuments. The third collection consisted of the private works that he labored over as he became increasingly and deeply spiritually attuned and reclusive. In this large body of works Einar's spiritual nature is clearly seen, though it is often difficult to describe. The themes for these works are frequently drawn from Christ's consciousness, deep Cosmic spirituality like the eternal, infinite body and consciousness of the universe or God, Icelandic Mythology (Understanding of the so-called Norse mythology or North-East, North-West and even Central-European War-Godhs mythology is just a part of Icelandic Mythology and understanding or description of these is mostly derived from the Icelandic one) and Icelandic folk tales. Einar's world is populated by Elfs, "Hidden people" or "Huldufolk", Vættir, Jötnar, angels and trolls, by beautiful women and bold warriors, and most of all a layer of symbolic content that can invariably be felt, but not always understood. A hint to some deeper meaning in Einar's powerful art is for example: "Karma" an eternal law of energy which returns all action towards its origin. Like in Christ's saying that one will reap what one has sown. That same law or eternal principle, changes the will and desires of the psyche or so to speak. This is because of the fed up condition or state of "mind" or psyche. One will eventually be tired and sick of destruction of nature or other people's lives and the desire for constructive live-giving actions will be dominant. One example of this is the sculpture "Skuld" where Einar uses Icelandic Mythological symbolism of "Urdur, Verdandi and Skuld" which were the witches of destiny or "Karma".

There are also very positive hints in other pieces of Einar's masterful art, to that, that every being or lifeform is eternal in its essence and evolves and chances on the outer sides or layers or material sides of its consciousness like the body, thoughts and desire. This outer part or detail of the consciousness is not even understood in physics, phenomenon of time, space and matter that is to say. The connection of the soul or rather its eternal and unchangeable part or layer of the whole consciousness to the world of time, space and matter is even further away from understanding except with symbols, and eventually later on, and only with self experience.

Henry Goddard Leach (see references) described Einar Jónsson like this:

 * All things considered, Jonsson is unique in the world of art.
 * If he had any prototype they were the symbolic artists of ancient
 * Egypt. But Jonsson's nearest spiritual relative is William Blake.

In recent years Einar's plasters have been cast in bronze and placed in the garden of his home and studio or in city parks in Reykjavík and throughout Iceland. He donated his work to the Einar Jónsson Museum in Reykjavík, which opened in 1923.

Public monuments

 * The Outlaw – 1900
 * Jónas Hallgrímsson – 1907
 * Jón Sigurðsson – 1911
 * Christian IX – 1915
 * Þorfinnur Karlsefni – 1920
 * Hallgrímur Pétursson – 1922
 * Ingólfur Arnarson – 1924
 * Hannes Hafstein – 1931

Private commissions

 * Memorial to the Eisert Family of Lodz, Poland 1935
 * Monument to Dr. Charcot and His Ship – 1936
 * Memorial to a Lost Airliner - 1952
 * various cemetery markers including ones for Hannes Hafstein and his wife Ragnheiður

Other works

 * Birth of Psyche – 1915–18
 * Breaking the Spell I – 1916–22
 * Breaking the Spell II – 1916–27
 * Dawn – 1897–1906
 * End – 1906–38
 * Evolution – 1913–14
 * Fantasy on Yggdrasill, the Tree of Life – 1949
 * Fate – 1900–27
 * Grief – 1926–27
 * Guilty Conscience – 1911–47
 * King of Atlantis – 1919–22
 * Pioneer – 1902–11
 * Protection – 1912-1934
 * Sparks I – 1913–31
 * Spirit and Matter – 1918–22
 * Thor Wrestling with Old Age – 1939–40
 * Trees of Life and Death – 1909–40

title: Einar Jónsson


text:
Talk:LSL

Help! I originally made this into a redirect before noticing that other (unrelated) pages linked to it!--Sgeo | Talk 19:32, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:LSL


text:
Alessandro Peretti di Montalto

Alessandro Damasceni Peretti di Montalto (1571 – 2 June 1623) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal Bishop. He received the title from his great-uncle Felice Piergentile after the latter was elected Pope Sixtus V on 24 April 1585, in the consistory on 13 May, and was installed as Cardinal Deacon of San Girolamo dei Croati on 14 June 1585; the cardinal was then fourteen years old. The Republic of Venice inscribed him in the Libro d'Oro as a patrician of Venice that same year. Though he was made the permanent governor of Fermo the following year, and was often the papal legate in Bologna, he was not made a bishop until 1620, when he became Cardinal-Bishop of Albano. He served also as Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (1589–1623) and Cardinal Protector of the Kingdom of Poland (named on 19 September 1589 by King Zygmunt III Waza) and of the several religious orders.

Alessandro Peretti was born at Montalto delle Marche, the son of Fabio Damasceni and Maria Felice Mignucci Peretti, who was a niece of the pope on her mother's side. Like his great-uncle before him, Alessandro Peretti was also known as Cardinal di Montalto. His primary works as a great patron were the Villa Lante at Bagnaia, where he contributed to the gardens a casino matching the earlier one, and the church (though not the facade) of Sant'Andrea della Valle in Rome, (begun in 1591), where Carlo Maderno constructed at the Cardinal's personal expense the second-largest dome in Rome, 1608 to 1621.

As a cardinal, Peretti lived an extravagant lifestyle in which he indulged his taste for music and lavish theatrical productions staged in his residence, the Cancelleria palace. He retained several musicians in his service and encouraged the art of monody or solo song.

His portrait bust by Gian Lorenzo Bernini is at the Hamburg Kunsthalle. Surviving books from Cardinal Alessandro's library reflect pride in his relationship to the Pope through elaborate armorials and his perfect taste.

Cardinal Montalto was in turn the uncle of Cardinal Francesco Peretti di Montalto (1597‑1655), raised to the purple in 1641.

title: Alessandro Peretti di Montalto


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bungii LLC

 * Either advertising or non-notable. Google gives company website and directory listings. Elf-friend 19:37, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * While I would say compared to some of the other listing on the US companies list this company is not as notable, it is just as much if not more notable than plenty of others on the list. I suggest we come up with some kind of standard to determining what companies should be allowed on this list.  There are plenty of other companies on this list that are not as notable as the one your remark about, so let us make sure we do not have double standards.  mbbx6spp
 * Well, the best way for a company article to avoid being vfd-ed is for the article to note why the company is notable - what makes it unique. For example: largest in its field, notable projects/products, landmark legal cases, etc. (So, why is Bungii LLC notable?) If you know of other companies that are also/even more non-notable than this one, please feel free to add them as well to vfd. Also, I (and I expect other experienced Wikipedians as well) tend to get suspicious if such a "borderline" article is created by an anonymous user or a new user with very few edits to her/his credit. Elf-friend 20:32, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. -- WOT 20:06, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I personally do not care if this page is deleted, but I am flagging the other non-notable listings in the US companies page for deletion also using the same standard such Arryx and others. I unlike others do not have double standards.  mbbx6spp 16:46 31 Jul 2004 (EDT)
 * Don't disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point. -- Cyrius|✎ 22:03, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Are you accusing anyone specific of having double standards or just other people in general? Elf-friend 22:24, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * For what it's worth, the other companies you are listing probably do fail, though not universally. I don't think anyone is accusing this company of being not-notable, nor accusing the author of vanity.  Instead, what people are asking for is that the article explain significance, rather than reverting that task onto readers.  If there is significance, then the article can be edited during its time on VfD (5 days), and many of the voters will change their votes.  It is never meant to be a vindictive process or dismissive. Geogre 02:06, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - it's just a software consulting firm. -- Cyrius|✎ 22:03, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless a good case is made for notability before the VfD discussion period expires. Both the article and the company's website, http://www.bungii.com/solutions/softwareproducts.html, give little detail on precisely which companies are using their products. The website is very puzzling in this regard because it says things like "Bungii supplies a top five global hedge fund...," does not name the hedge fund, but includes a link to Citadel Investment Group on the same page. This gives the impression that Bungii is serving Citadel Investment Group, but does not say so. All of the projects mentioned on the website appear to be uncompleted work in progress: in reference to Dynegy, "The new system will be designed and developed..." It is difficult to determine what products, if any, the company offers. For example, under "Software products," we find that "Bungii's Finsignia team are developing products that make SEC EDGAR filing data much more accessible. To find out more about these products, visit Brahma and Vishnu product pages." These pages, however, merely say "Finsignia: Coming soon: the Product section." I am not convinced that this company has yet done anything of note. [[User:dpbsmith|dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:40, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
User:Sgeo

RC Dumper

List of as of redirects

All pages with my signature since 4-16

I seem to have a tendency to mostly write substubs :-(. Help with the CyberTown article would be greatly appreciated.

Vandalised pages of a vandal I acidentally brought to Wikipedia

All current BJAODN on one page: /BJAODN

The Wikibomb threat

Interesting discussion on Hurricane Ivan (in JRChat)

[[Media:sgeoct.wav|How to pronounce "Sgeo" (almost)]]

User Page Design Center

Euler's formula

$$e^{a+bi}=e^{a}e^{bi}=e^{a}(\cos{b}+i\sin{b})$$

Imaginary unit

$$i^{i} = e^{-\pi / 2}$$

To REALLY screw up your ability to access the Wikipedia, put this in your monobook.css file:
 * 1) content {display: none}

title: User:Sgeo


text:
Turps

Turps may refer:

 * Turpentine, colloquially turps, distilled tree resin, used as a solvent
 * White spirit, turpentine substitute
 * Ian Turpie (1943–2012), or "Turps", Australian celebrity
 * Turps Banana magazine, founded in 2005 by Marcus Harvey

title: Turps


text:
Shenzhou 2

Shenzhou 2 launched on January 9, 2001, was the second unmanned launch of the Shenzhou spacecraft. Inside the reentry capsule were a monkey, a dog and a rabbit in a test of the spaceship's life support systems. The reentry module separated from the rest of the spacecraft after just over seven days in orbit, with the orbital module staying in orbit for another 220 days.

Shenzhou 2 tested the spacecraft much more rigorously than its predecessor Shenzhou 1. After being launched into a 196.5 by 333.8 km orbit, 20.5 hours after launch it circularised its orbit to 327.7 by 332.7 km. Around 1220 UTC on January 12 it once again changed its orbit to 329.3 by 339.4 km. A third orbit change came on January 15 328.7 by 345.4 km.

As well as the animal cargo, there were 64 different scientific payloads. 15 were carried in the reentry module, 12 in the orbital module and 37 on the forward external pallet. These included a microgravity crystallography experiment; animal species including six mice, and small aquatic and terrestrial organisms; cosmic ray and particle detectors and a gamma ray burst detectors. To test the radio transmitting systems taped messages were broadcast from the spacecraft.

Successful reentry and failed landing
The signal for retrofire was sent at about 1015 UTC on January 16 as the spacecraft passed over the South Atlantic Ocean off the coast of South Africa. It landed in Inner Mongolia at 11:22 UTC. No photos were released of the landing capsule leading to some speculation that the reentry was not completely successful, though Chinese officials kept silent, only responded anomaly. The Swedish Space Center news site reported that an unnamed source said one of the connections from the capsule to the single parachute failed leading to a hard landing. Later in 2017, it was revealed by Yang Liwei that the parachutes failed to open upon re-entry, which resulted in hard-landing. Some of the cargo was slightly burned.

The mission of the orbital module continued until it was commanded to fire its rockets to initiate reentry on August 24. It reentered over the western Pacific Ocean between Easter Island and Chile.

Mission parameters

 * Mass: 7,400 kg
 * Perigee: 330 km
 * Apogee: 346 km
 * Inclination: 42.6°
 * Period: 91.3 minutes
 * NSSDC ID: 2001-001A

title: Shenzhou 2


text:
Neurospora crassa

Neurospora crassa is a type of red bread mold of the phylum Ascomycota. The genus name, meaning 'nerve spore' in Greek, refers to the characteristic striations on the spores. The first published account of this fungus was from an infestation of French bakeries in 1843.

Neurospora crassa is used as a model organism because it is easy to grow and has a haploid life cycle that makes genetic analysis simple since recessive traits will show up in the offspring. Analysis of genetic recombination is facilitated by the ordered arrangement of the products of meiosis in Neurospora ascospores. Its entire genome of seven chromosomes has been sequenced.

Neurospora was used by Edward Tatum and George Wells Beadle in their experiments for which they won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958. Beadle and Tatum exposed N. crassa to x-rays, causing mutations. They then observed failures in metabolic pathways caused by errors in specific enzymes. This led them to propose the "one gene, one enzyme" hypothesis that specific genes code for specific proteins. Their hypothesis was later elaborated to enzyme pathways by Norman Horowitz, also working on Neurospora. As Norman Horowitz reminisced in 2004, "These experiments founded the science of what Beadle and Tatum called 'biochemical genetics'. In actuality, they proved to be the opening gun in what became molecular genetics and all developments that have followed from that."

In the 24 April 2003 issue of Nature, the genome of N. crassa was reported as completely sequenced. The genome is about 43 megabases long and includes approximately 10,000 genes. There is a project underway to produce strains containing knockout mutants of every N. crassa gene.

In its natural environment, N. crassa lives mainly in tropical and sub-tropical regions. It can be found growing on dead plant matter after fires.

Neurospora is actively used in research around the world. It is important in the elucidation of molecular events involved in circadian rhythms, epigenetics and gene silencing, cell polarity, cell fusion, development, as well as many aspects of cell biology and biochemistry.

The sexual cycle

Sexual fruiting bodies (perithecia) can only be formed when two mycelia of different mating type come together (see Figure). Like other Ascomycetes, N. crassa has two mating types that, in this case, are symbolized by A and a. There is no evident morphological difference between the A and a mating type strains. Both can form abundant protoperithecia, the female reproductive structure (see Figure). Protoperithecia are formed most readily in the laboratory when growth occurs on solid (agar) synthetic medium with a relatively low source of nitrogen. Nitrogen starvation appears to be necessary for expression of genes involved in sexual development. The protoperithecium consists of an ascogonium, a coiled multicellular hypha that is enclosed in a knot-like aggregation of hyphae. A branched system of slender hyphae, called the trichogyne, extends from the tip of the ascogonium projecting beyond the sheathing hyphae into the air. The sexual cycle is initiated (i.e. fertilization occurs) when a cell (usually a conidium) of opposite mating type contacts a part of the trichogyne (see Figure). Such contact can be followed by cell fusion leading to one or more nuclei from the fertilizing cell migrating down the trichogyne into the ascogonium. Since both A and a strains have the same sexual structures, neither strain can be regarded as exclusively male or female. However, as a recipient, the protoperithecium of both the A and a strains can be thought of as the female structure, and the fertilizing conidium can be thought of as the male participant.

The subsequent steps following fusion of A and a haploid cells, have been outlined by Fincham and Day and Wagner and Mitchell. After fusion of the cells, the further fusion of their nuclei is delayed. Instead, a nucleus from the fertilizing cell and a nucleus from the ascogonium become associated and begin to divide synchronously. The products of these nuclear divisions (still in pairs of unlike mating type, i.e. A/a) migrate into numerous ascogenous hyphae, which then begin to grow out of the ascogonium. Each of these ascogenous hypha bends to form a hook (or crozier) at its tip and the A and a pair of haploid nuclei within the crozier divide synchronously. Next, septa form to divide the crozier into three cells. The central cell in the curve of the hook contains one A and one a nucleus (see Figure). This binuclear cell initiates ascus formation and is called an "ascus-initial" cell. Next the two uninucleate cells on either side of the first ascus-forming cell fuse with each other to form a binucleate cell that can grow to form a further crozier that can then form its own ascus-initial cell. This process can then be repeated multiple times.

After formation of the ascus-initial cell, the A and a nucleus fuse with each other to form a diploid nucleus (see Figure). This nucleus is the only diploid nucleus in the entire life cycle of N. crassa. The diploid nucleus has 14 chromosomes formed from the two fused haploid nuclei that had 7 chromosomes each. Formation of the diploid nucleus is immediately followed by meiosis. The two sequential divisions of meiosis lead to four haploid nuclei, two of the A mating type and two of the a mating type. One further mitotic division leads to four A and four a nucleus in each ascus. Meiosis is an essential part of the life cycle of all sexually reproducing organisms, and in its main features, meiosis in N. crassa seems typical of meiosis generally.

As the above events are occurring, the mycelial sheath that had enveloped the ascogonium develops as the wall of the perithecium, becomes impregnated with melanin, and blackens. The mature perithecium has a flask-shaped structure.

A mature perithecium may contain as many as 300 asci, each derived from identical fusion diploid nuclei. Ordinarily, in nature, when the perithecia mature the ascospores are ejected rather violently into the air. These ascospores are heat resistant and, in the lab, require heating at 60 °C for 30 minutes to induce germination. For normal strains, the entire sexual cycle takes 10 to 15 days. In a mature ascus containing eight ascospores, pairs of adjacent spores are identical in genetic constitution, since the last division is mitotic, and since the ascospores are contained in the ascus sac that holds them in a definite order determined by the direction of nuclear segregations during meiosis. Since the four primary products are also arranged in sequence, a first division segregation pattern of genetic markers can be distinguished from a second division segregation pattern.

Fine structure genetic analysis
Because of the above features N. crassa was found to be very useful for the study of genetic events occurring in individual meioses. Mature asci from a perithecium can be separated on a microscope slide and the spores experimentally manipulated. These studies usually involved the separate culture of individual ascospores resulting from a single meiotic event and determining the genotype of each spore. Studies of this type, carried out in several different laboratories, established the phenomenon of "gene conversion" (e.g. see references ).

As an example of the gene conversion phenomenon, consider genetic crosses of two N. crassa mutant strains defective in gene pan-2. This gene is necessary for the synthesis of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and mutants defective in this gene can be experimentally identified by their requirement for pantothenic acid in their growth medium. The two pan-2 mutations B5 and B3 are located at different sites in the pan-2 gene, so that a cross of B5 ´ B3 yields wild-type recombinants at low frequency. An analysis of 939 asci in which the genotypes of all meiotic products (ascospores) could be determined found 11 asci with an exceptional segregation pattern. These included six asci in which there was one wild-type meiotic product but no expected reciprocal double-mutant (B5B3) product. Furthermore, in three asci the ratio of meiotic products was 1B5:3B3, rather than in the expected 2:2 ratio. This study, as well as numerous additional studies in N. crassa and other fungi (reviewed by Whitehouse ), led to an extensive characterization of gene conversion. It became clear from this work that gene conversion events arise when a molecular recombination event happens to occur near the genetic markers under study (e.g. pan-2 mutations in the above example). Thus studies of gene conversion allowed insight into the details of the molecular mechanism of recombination. Over the decades since the original observations of Mary Mitchell in 1955, a sequence of molecular models of recombination have been proposed based on both emerging genetic data from gene conversion studies and studies of the reaction capabilities of DNA. Current understanding of the molecular mechanism of recombination is discussed in the Wikipedia articles Gene conversion and Genetic recombination. An understanding of recombination is relevant to several fundamental biologic problems, such the role of recombination and recombinational repair in cancer (see BRCA1) and the adaptive function of meiosis (see Meiosis).

Adaptive function of mating type
That mating in N. crassa can only occur between strains of different mating types suggests that some degree of outcrossing is favored by natural selection. In haploid multicellular fungi, such as N. crassa, meiosis occurring in the brief diploid stage is one of their most complex processes. Although physically much larger than the diploid stage, the haploid multicellular vegetative stage characteristically has a simple modular construction with little differentiation. In N. crassa, recessive mutations affecting the diploid stage of the life cycle are quite frequent in natural populations. These mutations, when homozygous in the diploid stage, often cause spores to have maturation defects or to produce barren fruiting bodies with few ascospores (sexual spores). Most of these homozygous mutations cause abnormal meiosis (e.g., disturbed chromosome pairing or pachytene or diplotene). The number of genes affecting the diploid stage was estimated to be at least 435 (about 4% of the total number of 9,730 genes). Thus, outcrossing, promoted by the necessity for the union of opposite mating types, likely provides the benefit of masking recessive mutations that would otherwise be harmful to sexual spore formation (see Complementation (genetics)).

Current research
Neurospora crassa is not only a model organism for the study of phenotypic types in knock-out variants, but a particularly useful organism widely used in computational biology and the circadian clock. It has a natural reproductive cycle of 22 hours and is influenced by external factors such as light and temperature. Knock out variants of wild type N. crassa are widely studied to determine the influence of particular genes (see Frequency (gene)).

title: Neurospora crassa


text:
Talk:Give Up

Untitled
someone needs to merge this page with The Postal Service page. i would but im at my job slacking off, and i should really be working ;) JoeSmack 19:46, Jul 31, 2004 (UTC)

Disagree. I don't see any reason to merge this with The Postal Service. There is enough material here to constitute a separate page. richdiesal 23:49, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

<^>v!!This album is connected!!v<^>

 * All song titles serve as redirects to this album, have their own pages, or have been placed at the appropriate disambiguation pages.--Hraefen Talk 21:52, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Electropop
I disagree with this tag. I looked up electropop and what it doesn't seem to be what the postal service's work in Give Up. I can understand a electronica tag but not electropop.Leah (talk) 16:35, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

GA On Hold
This article's Good Article promotion has been put on hold. During review, some issues were discovered that can be resolved without a major re-write. This is how the article, as of March 12, 2008, compares against the six good article criteria:

 * 1. Well written?: [[Image:Symbol wait.svg|20px]] Generally well written, however these parts need to be changed or reworded,

 * "The band began as a side project between Jimmy Tamborello of Dntel, an electronic music artist, and Death Cab for Cutie's Ben Gibbard, a vocalist for an indie rock band". - reword this, it sounds clumsy.
 * "The album was well received" - by everyone ? change it to "generally well received".
 * "The album led to three EPs" - the name of albums and EPs should be in italics, not quotation marks.
 * Billboard should be in italics.
 * 2. Factually accurate?: [[Image:Symbol wait.svg|20px]] Well referenced except,

 * Is there a ref for the cquote ? and the article should consistently use either the {cquote} or the {quote} template, not both.
 * The magazine name in refs (e.g. Billboard, Rolling Stone) should be in italics, All Music Guide should not.
 * 3. Broad in coverage?: ✅ Pass. Covers all major aspects concisely
 * 4. Neutral point of view?: ✅ Pass. Fair representation without bias.
 * 5. Article stability? ✅ Pass. No edit wars etc.
 * 6. Images?: ✅ Pass. Both images have complete fair use rationales and appropriate captions.

Please address these matters soon and then leave a note here showing how they have been resolved, and leave a message on my talk page. After 48 hours the article should be reviewed again. If these issues are not addressed within 7 days, the article may be failed without further notice. Thank you for your work so far. - Guerilla In Tha Mist (talk) 16:13, 14 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I think everything is fixed.  naerii -  talk  17:40, 14 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah, everything seems fine, I'll pass the article. (minor issue-The Stability EP should be in italics).
 * Yay, thank you! :)  naerii -  talk  19:24, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Give Up


text:
User:Craig Schamp

Craig Schamp
I've been using Wikipedia for a couple of years, rather infrequenly at first, but quite often in the past year. I work as a software developer at a large company in Silicon Valley. My BA is in computer science, and I am now a student in the MA program in history at the local state university. My interests include the history of late antiquity, early medieval Iberia, the history of barbarian settlement in the Roman Empire, and the cross-cultural interaction of various ethnic and religious groups in early medieval Europe.

Craig Schamp 19:46, Jul 31, 2004 (UTC)

Pages In Need of Varying Degrees of Attention
Visigoths, Córdoba, Visigothic_Code, Seville, Barbarians, Late Antiquity

Other Pages of Interest
Herodotus

title: User:Craig Schamp


text:
1929 Dutch general election

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 3 July 1929. The Roman Catholic State Party remained the largest party in the House of Representatives, winning 30 of the 100 seats.

title: 1929 Dutch general election


text:
Jim Reilly

James G. Reilly (born 9 May 1957) is the second drummer for the Northern Ireland based punk band Stiff Little Fingers, with whom he played from 1979 to 1981. He played on the LPs Nobody's Heroes, Go for It and Hanx. In 1981, he moved to the United States, where he played in two bands, Red Rockers, followed by The Raindogs. In the late 1980s, he lived in Boston and worked as a band manager. He has since moved back to Northern Ireland. For a time in 2004, he played in SLF tribute band Little Fingers, and later led Jim Reilly's Alternative Soldiers, after which he played in a new band called The Dead Handsomes. In July 2013, he and Henry Cluney, also formerly of Stiff Little Fingers, began playing live together under the name XSLF in a 3 piece with Ave Tsarion.

title: Jim Reilly


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vosem Chart

Original research. Apparently a user named 3ebnut on Kuro5hin came up with this, and posted it to that site about a year ago. Google reveals Kuro5hin, Wikipedia and clones, and a Selectsmart quiz, which I presume the same guy created. -- WOT 19:53, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep, unconvinced by evidence. Sam [Spade] 20:49, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Tentative keep. Jmabel 21:27, Jul 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: I'm convinced it's a neat chart.  I'm not convinced that it's notable or in-use.  It seems like individual research.  Like most such, it seeks to fill a real void.  Like most such, it needs to show adoption/publication to be encyclopedic. Geogre 21:34, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Shouldn't the onus of evidence rest on the article (especially if you're going to cast a vote to keep)? A circumstantial bit against it (in my view) is that it was originally posted by an anonymous user. I've since found one other reference to it on an unnotable "this-is-not-a-blog" blog where the author refers to it in a discussion of the Nolan Chart, citing Wikipedia as his source for the Vosem Chart. This, to me, is a reason to delete the article before it can further exploit Wikipedia's authority. The Kuro5hin link could go to the bottom of the Nolan Chart page. -- WOT 21:58, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete original research. -- Cyrius|✎ 22:05, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Ditto. Delete. DannyBoy | Talk 02:15, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research, and culturally biased to boot. -Sean Curtin 06:11, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - David Gerard 12:23, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Here's a political site where you can see where you fall. Salasks 17:43, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, with the hope that it comes back later as well known as the Nolan Chart. The Kuro5hin article is most interesting, but unfortunately in my estimation constitutes original research. Denni ☯ 19:37, 2004 Aug 1 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not even orig research, just a trivial mechanism that needs orig research to establish whether it offers any advantage. --Jerzy(t) 21:03, 2004 Aug 5 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research. --Michael Snow 23:10, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:List of Internet phenomena

Mnmh
1) Honestly, what isn't on the internet nowadays? How can you have a phenomenon without it being an internet phenomenon -- how would it be spread? Print media? Chain letters? Telegraph? We could just call it "list of phenomena" practically.

2) Everything that's not bluelinked should go. "No article" is a clear unarguable bright line to trim this list to.

3) Some of these -- a few -- don't fit and should go -- I mean "smash or pass" f'rinstance is game people play at parties or just hanging around. I suppose people play or talk about it on the internet, but same for chess. Should we add chess. Herostratus (talk) 05:21, 14 July 2023 (UTC)

Typo in "planking" section
I would like to issue a typo in the word "your" 2601:83:4280:A9E0:FF24:F60F:6FFF:9BB8 (talk) 01:26, 12 January 2024 (UTC)

 * I've removed the "your" altogether as it doesn't have correct tone for an encyclopaedia. —Panamitsu (talk) 01:49, 12 January 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: ENGL 1301
— Assignment last updated by LC1061 (talk) 18:43, 24 April 2024 (UTC)

GTA VI
Due to 10 year gap between GTA V and GTA VI and a huge anticipation between Gamers, Internet especially Instagram users started commenting "We got something related to the reel or image before GTA VI''" 103.211.132.6 (talk) 17:01, 19 June 2024 (UTC)

Amour Plastique
Should we add the meme about Napoleon and Amour Plastique? Dawsongfg (talk) 05:17, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Internet phenomena


text:
Joseph D. Sneed

Joseph D. Sneed (September 23, 1938 – February 7, 2020) was an American physicist, and philosopher at the Colorado School of Mines.

Early life
He was born in Durant, OK. His father, Dabney W. Sneed, was a civil servant with the Postal Service and later an architect for the Federal Housing Administration. His mother, Sallabelle Atkison Sneed, was a homemaker and elementary school teacher.

Education
He attended public schools in Durant, OK and Tulsa, OK. He received a B.S. in physics from Rice University in 1960, an MS in physics from the University of Illinois in 1962 and a Ph.D. in philosophy from Stanford University in 1964. His mentor at Stanford was Patrick Suppes. His view of the nature of philosophy was shaped at Stanford by Donald Davidson. At Stanford he was also a student of Richard C. Jeffrey.

Work
With his book The Logical Structure of Mathematical Physics, published in 1971, and other contributions to the philosophy of science Sneed founded the structural theory of the empirical sciences. He was influenced by and influenced Wolfgang Stegmuller and Thomas Kuhn.

title: Joseph D. Sneed


text:
1933 Dutch general election

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 26 April 1933. The Roman Catholic State Party remained the largest party in the House of Representatives, winning 28 of the 100 seats.

title: 1933 Dutch general election


text:
Shenzhou 3

Shenzhou 3 launched on March 25, 2002, was the third unmanned launch of China's Shenzhou spacecraft. This was the first Shenzhou spacecraft launched that could have actually carried a human and as such the main objective of the mission was to test the systems required to support a human in space. On board it carried a dummy to simulate physiological signals of a human — palpitation, pulse, breathing, eating, metabolism, and excretion.

The launch had been delayed several months due to design changes. It had been planned that Shenzhou 3 would use a new interior design but implementation problems meant reverting to the previous version. The rocket and spacecraft were eventually rolled out on the pad during the Fifth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress and the Ninth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in early March 2002.

Orbit
It is thought that Shenzhou 3 changed its orbit twice during the mission. The first was on March 29 at 10:15 UTC when the aft maneuvering thrusters fired for about 8 seconds putting it into a 330.2 km x 337.2 km orbit. The second was on March 31. Both times were to raise its orbit. Shenzhou 3 operated in a slightly less inclined orbit of 42.40° to the previous Shenzhou 1 and 2 flights, which were in about 42.59° inclined orbits.

Scientific payload
On board were carried 44 different experiments. These included an imaging spectrograph, cloud sensor, radiation sensor, solar ultraviolet monitor, solar constant monitor, atmospheric composition detector, atmospheric density detector, multi-chamber space crystallization furnace, space protein crystal equipment, a cell bioreactor, a solid matter tracking detector and microgravity gauge. Also on board was a video camera that broadcast images of the Earth as seen through one of the windows on the spacecraft. To test the radio transmitting systems, a pre-recorded female voice was transmitted.

Reentry
Shenzhou 3 reentered and landed successfully after 107 orbits. Unlike Shenzhou 2 where no photos had been released of the landing capsule, this time photos were released confirmed a successful touchdown. As with Shenzhou 2 the Orbital Module stayed in orbit for an extended mission. During this time it made some orbital adjustments, raising its orbit. Although it was speculated that it could serve as a docking target for Shenzhou 4, this did not turn out to be the case. Its mission ended in October 2002 and it reentered on November 12 at about 06:38 UTC over 22°S 109° E over the Indian Ocean off western Australia.

Launch
The launch of Shenzhou 3 was attended by General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and President Jiang Zemin. Along with him were Wu Bangguo, member of the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party and Vice-Premier; Zeng Qinghong, alternate member of the Politburo and member of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party; Yu Yongbo, member of the Central Military Commission and director of the People's Liberation Army's General Political Department; and Cao Gangchuan, member of the Central Military Commission and director of the People's Liberation Army's General Armament Department.

Escape system
Shenzhou 3 was the first Long March 2F launch to feature a working launch escape system. Also added were two manual system that would have allowed an astronaut to activate the system in case of emergency. It was tested during the launch phase though Chinese officials did not confirm if the test was successful.

A day after launch China Central Television broadcast an artist impression of the spacecraft in orbit. Of interest was that the front of the orbital module appeared to have been equipped with three seven element log-periodic antennae. It is thought that it was designed for a frequency range of 300–1000 MHz. Also shown was an animation of the orbital module after it had separated from the rest of the spacecraft. Three booms were extended from the front package, one left, another right and the third forward. It is speculated that this could have been some sort of ELINT package.

title: Shenzhou 3


text:
User:Sgeo/infinity

This is what happens when you put an article inside itself

User:Sgeo/infinity

title: User:Sgeo/infinity


text:
Shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics

In shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics, 390 competitors from 106 nations contested 17 events (10 for men and 7 for women). The competition took place at the Markopoulo Olympic Shooting Centre, located in the east of the Greek region of Attica.

Participating nations
A total of 390 shooters, 253 men and 137 women, from 106 nations competed at the Athens Games:

title: Shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics


text:
1937 Dutch general election

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 26 May 1937. The Roman Catholic State Party remained the largest party in the House of Representatives, winning 31 of the 100 seats. Due to the outbreak of World War II two years later, the next general elections were not held until 1946.

title: 1937 Dutch general election