text:
Thomas Doll

Thomas Jens Uwe Doll (born 9 April 1966) is a German professional football manager and a former football player. As a player, he played as an attacking midfielder for F.C. Hansa Rostock, BFC Dynamo, Hamburger SV, Lazio, Eintracht Frankfurt and Bari.

Club career
Doll began playing football for the youth teams of local side BSG Lokomotiv Malchin. He was allowed to join the youth academy of football club F.C. Hansa Rostock in 1979. Doll joined the first team of F.C. Hansa Rostock in 1983. He made his debut for F.C. Hansa Rostock in the DDR-Oberliga away against BSG Stahl Riesa in the third matchday of the 1983-84 DDR-Oberliga on 27 August 1983.

F.C. Hansa Rostock was relegated to the second tier DDR-Liga after the 1985-86 DDR-Oberliga. Doll then joined BFC Dynamo in order to ensure a chance to play for the national team. BFC Dynamo was the dominant team in East German football at the time. Doll had the opportunity to choose between BFC Dynamo and SG Dynamo Dresden, but wanted to go to Berlin to be able to stay close to his family and because he already knew players in BFC Dynamo from the national youth teams, such as Andreas Thom.

Doll immediately became a regular player in the first team of BFC Dynamo. He scored his first goal for BFC Dynamo in the DDR-Oberliga in the derby against 1. FC Union Berlin at the Stadion der Weltjugend on 13 September 1986. BFC Dynamo won the match with a massive 8–1. Doll and Thom formed one of the most effective attacking constellations in East German football in the late 1980s. Doll won the DDR-Oberliga in 1987 and 1988 and the FDGB-Pokal in 1988 and 1989 with BFC Dynamo. BFC Dynamo then met SG Dynamo Dresden in the first ever DFV-Supercup on 5 August 1989. BFC Dynamo won the match 4-1 and became the first and only winner of the DFV-Supercup in the history of East German football. Doll scored two goals in the match.

After reunification, Doll was one of the most sought-after players of coming out of the former East Germany. Together with fellow sweeper Frank Rohde in BFC Dynamo he joined Hamburger SV in 1990. After just one season there he had impressed sufficiently to move to Italian side Lazio for a then record fee of DM15 million. He played at Lazio for three years, before returning to the Bundesliga in 1994, joining Eintracht Frankfurt, but he was hampered by injuries in the three seasons he spent with the club and made only 28 appearances. After a year in Italy with Bari, he returned to Hamburger SV in 1998. He played another three seasons, but injuries continued to take their toll.

International career
At international level, Doll represented both East Germany (29 caps, seven goals) and the unified Germany (18 caps, 1 goal). His last international appearance came in 1993. He was part of Germany's squad for Euro 1992 where the side finished as runners-up to Denmark.

Hamburger SV
Following his retirement, he became part of Hamburg's coaching staff, managing the reserves from 2002 until being appointed first-team manager in 2004.

Early in his tenure as coach with Hamburg, he enjoyed some success, saving the team from relegation in his first season, winning the Intertoto Cup, and then guiding the club to a much-improved third-place result in the 2005–06 season to earn a Champions League berth. The 2006–07 season, however, was less successful for the coach. The team delivered a disappointing performance in the Champions League that saw only one win in six first-round games, and then plunged to the bottom of the Bundesliga table by mid-season. Doll was sacked on 1 February 2007.

Borussia Dortmund
On 19 May 2008, Doll resigned as the coach of Borussia Dortmund after the team finished a disappointing 13th in the Bundesliga.

Gençlerbirliği
He agreed to manage Gençlerbirliği S.K. and signed a two-year contract.

Al-Hilal
On 20 July 2011, he was appointed as head coach of Saudi Arabian champion team, Al-Hilal but was sacked on 22 January 2012.

Ferencváros
He became head coach of Hungarian club Ferencváros on 18 December 2013. On 20 May 2015, Ferencváros beat Videoton 4–0 at the Groupama Arena in the 2014–15 Magyar Kupa Final.

Doll's Ferencváros secured the club's 29th Nemzeti Bajnokság I title on 2 April 2016 after a defeat at the Nagyerdei Stadion against Debreceni VSC. By winning the 2015–16 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season, Doll managed to win all the possible titles in football in Hungary. In recognition of his record performance with Ferencváros, Doll received the "Coach of the year in NB I" award from the Hungarian Football Federation in 2016.

Ferencváros were eliminated in the second round of the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League by the second-placed team of the 2015-16 Albanian Superliga, FK Partizani Tirana, on penalties. They placed fourth in the 2016–17 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season - the title was won by their rivals Budapest Honvéd FC. However, Ferencváros fans were consoled by the team's win in the 2017 Magyar Kupa Final against Vasas SC.

The 2017–18 Nemzeti Bajnokság I season started with moderate success, but aspirations in international cups were once again thwarted when Ferencváros lost to FC Midtjylland in the second round of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League.

Hannover 96
On 27 January 2019, Bundesliga club Hannover 96 announced Doll as the new manager of the club, replacing the sacked André Breitenreiter. He left the club as Mirko Slomka was confirmed as the club's new manager on 28 May 2019.

APOEL FC
On 15 August 2019, Doll became manager of APOEL.

Having managed to guide APOEL to the round of 32 of the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League, on 9 December 2019, Doll got relieved of his duties as the club's manager by mutual consent.

Persija Jakarta
On 23 April 2022, Liga 1 club Persija Jakarta announced Doll as the new manager of the club in a three-year deal. In his first season, he finished in second place.

Personal life
Doll has two daughters, one with his Italian-born wife Roberta, the other with a former wife now married to another ex-footballer, Olaf Bodden. He lives in Budapest.

Controversy
In late January 2023, tension arose between Doll and Shin Tae-yong, the Indonesia national football team head coach. Doll declined nine players' invitations to attend the national team training camp. Additionally, Doll criticized Shin during a press conference, likening him to a clown for his involvement in television advertisements.

Playing
Berliner FC Dynamo
 * DDR-Oberliga: 1986–87, 1987–88
 * FDGB-Pokal: 1987–88, 1988–89
 * DFV-Supercup: 1989

Managerial
Hamburger SV
 * UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2005

Borussia Dortmund
 * DFB-Pokal runner-up: 2008–09

Ferencváros
 * Nemzeti Bajnokság I: 2015–16
 * Magyar Kupa: 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17
 * Ligakupa: 2014–15
 * Szuperkupa: 2015

Individual

 * Liga 1 Coach of the Month: July 2023

title: Thomas Doll


text:
Lance Woolaver

Lance Gerard Woolaver (born 1948) is a Canadian author, poet, playwright, lyricist, and director. His best-known works include books, film and biographical plays about Canadian folk artist Maud Lewis, including Maud Lewis The Heart on the Door, and Maud Lewis - World Without Shadows. His plays include one about international singer Portia White, who was born in Nova Scotia: Portia White - First You Dream.

Early life
Woolaver was born in Digby County, Nova Scotia, in 1948. He attended Acadia and Dalhousie universities in Nova Scotia, and the Sorbonne in Paris.

As a child, Woolaver had seen Maud and Everett Lewis, and their tiny painted house. He noticed tourists stopping to buy paintings, but kept his distance from these local characters. However, he was later inspired to pitch an article on Maud Lewis to Chatelaine magazine. The article was accepted on the condition that Woolaver co-write it with a female author. He wrote with his mother, and the resulting article, "The Joyful Art of Maud Lewis," published in December 1975, was purchased for $700, a sum he considered "a fortune" at the time. This enabled and encouraged him to devote time to writing. He later wrote a book and two plays about Maud Lewis.

Woolaver published earlier stories in the 1970s in Canadian literary magazines, including the Wascana Review (which ceased publication in 2012) and The Fiddlehead.

Marriage and family
Woolaver lives in Halifax with his wife, Martha (Spencer) of Saskatoon. They married in 1967, and have two children, and two grandchildren. Woolaver enjoys flyfishing in the Canadian Rockies, and on the Margaree River in Cape Breton Island.

Literary career
Woolaver wrote the book The Illuminated Life of Maud Lewis (1996), with photographs by Bob Brooks. It was awarded the Dartmouth Book Award and the Atlantic Booksellers Award. It was adapted as a film of the same name (with screenplay by Woolaver) that aired on Canadian VisionTV in 1998. The film was directed by Peter d'Entremont and produced by Triad Film Productions and the National Film Board of Canada.

Woolaver's play Maud Lewis - World Without Shadows has been produced by professional and community theatres, including Neptune Theatre (Halifax), King’s Theatre of Annapolis Royal and Ship’s Company Theatre of Parrsboro in Nova Scotia, and the Blyth Festival of Ontario. It was also adapted and produced as a CBC Radio national broadcast.

His play The Poor Farm, was produced at the Chester Playhouse under the direction of Christopher Heide of Mahone Bay. It was the first play in Nova Scotia to engage actors of Mi’kmaq, White, Black and Acadian heritage in the same production. It dealt with the politics of poverty and the system of provincial poor farms.

Woolaver's collection of Christmas songs, The Noel Cantata, was recently produced in Norway.

His young adult novel The Outlaw League (1991) was adapted for film, and he wrote the screenplay. Based in his hometown, it was shot in Restigouche, New Brunswick. It was produced in Montreal as La Gang des Hors la Loi; it won the Vancouver Reel to Real Film Festival in 2015.

His play Portia White - First You Dream, about Portia White, a Nova Scotia native and Canada's first black singer to win international acclaim, has been produced by several theaters, including the Victoria Playhouse in Petrolia, Ontario.

His newest novel, The Halflife of Evil, will be published by Spencer Books in June 2018. It is about Maud Lewis, the provincial Poor Farm, and the policies of imprisonment of the poor.

Maud Lewis
Woolaver is best known for his works on the life and art of Maud Lewis. He wrote a picture book of Maud’s life, The Illuminated Life of Maud Lewis (1996), with photographs of Maud and her works by Bob Brooks. It has been in continuous print since being published. The cover image of Maud Lewis in the sunny corner of her tiny house has been recognized as a classic portrait, said to rank with the work of Yousuf Karsh.

Maud Lewis - World Without Shadows, his play about Maud Lewis and her husband Everett Lewis, has been produced across Canada and broadcast by CBC radio. It tells of Maud’s struggle against juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and triumph as an artist, despite poverty. Canadian actor Nicola Lipman played Maud to great acclaim in the 1990s Ship’s Company Theatre and Neptune Theatre productions.

His play The Return of Her Child deals with issues related to the adoption of Maud Lewis's daughter Catherine by Mamie Crosby.

Woolaver's recent full biography, Maud Lewis The Heart on the Door (2016), features another Brooks' portrait of the artist, taken in 1965, in which Lewis appears frightened and fearful. This is appropriate to the darker tone of this work, as Woolaver explores many issues in her life. His account contrasts also with the portrayal of Lewis in the independent feature drama film, Maudie.

The Outlaw League / La Gang des Hors la Loi
The Outlaw League (1991) is a young adult novel, which Woolaver set in his home town of Digby, Nova Scotia. It explores the role of baseball in bringing the people of the village together. Woolaver refers to childhood friends in his book, and to former Digby baseball teams, including the Digby Ravens, the Bear River Blue Sox, and the Freeport Schooners.

The novel was adapted as a 2014 film, La Gang des Hors la Loi, produced by Rock Demers of Productions La Fete, from a script by André Melançon, Jean Beaudry, and Woolaver.

Honours and awards

 * 2003, Maud Lewis - World Without Shadows won the Merritt Award as Nova Scotia’s outstanding play.

Books
Woolaver wrote the following:
 * Maud Lewis The Heart on the Door (2016), Spencer Books, ISBN 978-0-9950017-0-1
 * The Poor Farm (1999), Charles Press, ISBN 978-0-9685606-0-0
 * with Bob Brooks, photographer. Maud's Country : Landscapes that Inspired the Art of Maud Lewis (1999), Nimbus Publishing, ISBN 978-1-55109-314-7 |oclc=40534718
 * with Bob Brooks, photographer. Christmas with Maud Lewis (1997), Goose Lane Editions, ISBN 978-0-86492-189-5 |oclc=37491578
 * with Bob Brooks, and Art Gallery of Nova Scotia. The Illuminated Life of Maud Lewis (1996), Nimbus Publishing, ISBN 978-1-55109-176-1 |oclc=37519347
 * with George Dillon Woolaver. Lance Gerard Woolaver's World Without Shadows (1996), Stage Hand, ISBN 978-1-896161-09-9 |oclc=35942224
 * with John Burden. The Outlaw League (1991), Nimbus Publishing, ISBN 978-0-921054-71-9 |oclc=22812322
 * The Metallic Sparrow (1991), Nimbus Publishing, ISBN 978-1-55109-033-7 |oclc=26852160
 * with Anna Gamble. Change of Tide (1982), Nimbus Publishing, ISBN 978-0-920852-18-7 |oclc=158998785
 * with Maud Lewis. Christmas with the Rural Mail : a poem (1979), Nimbus Publishing, ISBN 978-0-920852-04-0 |oclc=9750720
 * with Maud Lewis. From Ben Loman to the Sea : a poem (1979), Nimbus Publishing, ISBN 978-0-920852-05-7 |oclc=10707547

Plays
His plays include the following:

 * Brindley Town : a two-hander in three acts (2000), Gaspereau Press, Wolfville, NS
 * The Poor Farm
 * Lord Strange
 * Maud Lewis - World Without Shadows (1996)
 * Portia White - First You Dream
 * Evelyn Richardson - The Keeping of Lights
 * Kenny Paul

Children's books
His children's books include the following:

 * Duck, Duck and Duck
 * The Humble Mumbles
 * Christmas with the Rural Mail
 * From Ben Loman to the Sea
 * with Anna Gamble, Change of Tide '
 * with Lee Tanner, Mr. Christmas
 * with Lee Tanner, Darwin

Libretto
The Heart on the Door

Songs
Noel Cantata, with Notteroy Church, Norway

Scripts
His film screenplays and radio scripts include the following:

 * The Poor Farms, Radio Documentary (with Ron Foley MacDonald)
 * The Illuminated Life of Maud Lewis (1998)
 * Maud Lewis - The Heart on the Door
 * The Outlaw League (produced as La Gang des Hors-la-Loi)
 * The Noggins

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Lance Woolaver


text:
Thomas Stevenson

Thomas Stevenson PRSE MInstCE FRSSA FSAScot (22 July 1818 – 8 May 1887) was a pioneering Scottish civil engineer, lighthouse designer and meteorologist, who designed over thirty lighthouses in and around Scotland, as well as the Stevenson screen used in meteorology. His designs, celebrated as ground breaking, ushered in a new era of lighthouse creation.

He served as president of the Royal Scottish Society of Arts (1859–60), as president of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1884–86), and was a co-founder of the Scottish Meteorological Society.

Life and career
He was born at 2 Baxters Place in Edinburgh, on 22 July 1818, the youngest son of engineer Robert Stevenson, and his wife (and step-sister) Jean Smith. He was educated at the Royal High School in Edinburgh.

Thomas Stevenson was a devout and regular attendee at St. Stephen's Church in Stockbridge, at the north end of St Vincent Street, Edinburgh.

He lived with his family at Baxters Place until he got married in 1848. He then got a house at 8 Howard Place. By 1855 he moved to 1 Inverleith Terrace. From at least 1860 he lived at 17 Heriot Row, a large Georgian terraced townhouse in Edinburgh's New Town.

In 1864, he published The design and construction of harbours: a treatise on maritime engineering. The book was based on an article he had originally written for the Encyclopædia Britannica, and covered the principles and practices involved in harbour design and construction. The work discussed the geological and physical features affecting harbour design, the generation and impact of waves, along with construction materials and masonry types for quay walls. The book also explored the efficacy of tides and fresh water in maintaining outfalls. A second edition of the book was published in 1874.

In 1869, as a successful experiment into using the newly invented electric light for lighthouses, Stevenson had an underwater cable installed from the eastern part of Granton Harbour, and a light on the end of the Trinity Chain Pier was controlled from half a mile away by an operator on the harbour. He designed the Stevenson screen as a shelter to shield meteorological instruments, and this has been widely adopted.

He died at 17 Heriot Row in Edinburgh on 8 May 1887 and is buried in the Stevenson family vault in New Calton Cemetery. The vault lies midway along the eastern wall.

Stevenson's formula for the prediction of wave heights
In the course of his work as a lighthouse and harbour engineer, Stevenson had made observations of wave heights at various locations in Scotland over a number of years. In 1852, he published a paper in which he suggested that waves increased in height by a ratio approximate to the square root of their distance from the windward shore. Stevenson developed this into the simple formula $$H = 1.5\sqrt F$$, in which $$H$$ is the wave height in feet and $$F$$ is the fetch in miles.

Essential components for wave height prediction, most notably wind speed, are missing from Stevenson's formula. In 1852, mathematical analysis of the theory of water waves, and methods for numerical assessment of factors such as shoaling and surge, were in their infancy. Stevenson's analysis is possibly the first quantitative discussion of wave height as a (square root) function of fetch, and his paper is one of the first quantitative studies of wind speeds in the planetary boundary layer.

Modern analysis of Stevenson's formula indicates that it appears to conservatively estimate wave heights for wind speeds up to around 30 miles per hour, being based on his observations which most likely were taken for fetch lengths under 100 kilometres, without fully developed seas. The breakwater at Wick was exposed to a fetch length of approximately 500 kilometres, and wind speeds far in excess of 30 miles per hour, prior to its eventual destruction.

In 1965, the South African engineer Basil Wrigley Wilson proposed a method which can be used to approximate the significant wave height H1/3 and period T1/3 of wind waves generated by a constant wind of speed U blowing over a fetch length F. The units for these quantities are as follows:

 * H1/3 in metres (m)
 * T1/3 in seconds (s)
 * U in metres per second (m/s)
 * F in metres (m)

Wilson's formulae apply when the duration of the wind blowing is sufficiently long, as when the wind blows for only a limited time, waves cannot attain the full height and period corresponding to the wind speed and fetch length. Under conditions were the wind blows for a sufficiently long time, for example during a prolonged storm, the wave height and period can be calculated as follows:

 * $$gH_{1/3} / U^2 = 0.30 \left\{1-\left[1+0.004 \left(gF/U^2\right)^{1/2}\right]^{-2}\right\}$$
 * $$gT_{1/3} / (2\pi U) = 1.37 \left\{1-\left[1+0.008 \left(gF/U^2\right)^{1/3}\right]^{-5}\right\}$$

In these formulae, g denotes the acceleration due to gravity, which is approximately 9.807 m/s2. The wind speed U is measured at an elevation of 10 metres above the sea surface. For conditions approximate to those for the Wick breakwater during a storm (fetch length of 500km, wind speed of around 75mph), the graph below shows that Wilson's method predicts a significant wave height (H1/3) of around 1.5 times that of Stevenson's. Nonetheless, whilst Stevenson's formula is highly limited and unsuitable for engineering design application, it was notable for being an early attempt to apply mathematical theory to hydraulic engineering problems, and shows some limited agreement (albeit within a narrow range) with a more advanced formula developed by Ramón Iribarren in 1942. A major flaw in Stevenson's formula is the absence of consideration of wind speed, and comparison with Wilson's formula at 3 different wind speeds (30, 50 and 75mph) shows only a reasonable level of agreement for 50mph winds at fetch lengths up to around 100 metres. Stevenson himself noted that the formula was an approximation, and actively encouraged further research into similar problems, imploring young engineers to redouble efforts in the advancement of coastal engineering during an 1885 address to the Institution of Civil Engineers in London. In addition to his work on wave growth, he also undertook research into the phenomenon of wave decay inside harbour basins.

The breakwater at Wick, Caithness
Stevenson designed and supervised the construction of a breakwater at Wick in 1863, which at the time was the largest herring fishery in Europe. The inner harbour, designed by Thomas Telford, was completed in 1811, followed by the construction of the expanded outer harbour by James Bremner between 1825 and 1834. However, by 1857, the need for increased capacity became evident, leading the British Fishery Society to propose a new breakwater. In 1862 Stevenson, along with his brother David, prepared detailed plans, sections, and specifications for the harbour's extension. This design received support from Sir John Coode and John Hawkshaw. A loan of £62,000 was sanctioned by A. M. Rendel, the engineer for the Public Works Loan Commission.

Construction commenced in April 1863, aiming for a final length of 460 metres. Stevenson's design featured a rubble mound extending to 5.5 metres above the low water mark, following the Crane Rocks. This was capped with block walls and in-filled with rubble, providing a superstructure up to 16 metres wide. The rubble for the mound was sourced from local quarries and transported by steam locomotives. This was then deposited onto the breakwater mound using travelling gantries that ran along the staging, marking a possible first in Scotland for this technique. The seaward wall was constructed with a 6:1 batter. Below the waterline, the blocks were dry-jointed, whereas above the high-water mark, initially Roman and later Portland cement mortar was used.

The breakwater failed progressively as a result of several storms, and by 1870 it had lost one third of its length. It was eventually abandoned in 1877, after further severe storm damage, despite repeated failed attempts at its reconstruction. Stevenson noted, in correspondence with the Institution of Civil Engineers, that a single storm had at one stage removed 1,350 tonnes of material from the breakwater, but he was unable to provide the height of the waves during the event.

Applying present-day techniques to calculate local wave conditions demonstrates that the breakwater as built would not have survived without mobilising additional restraint, or a mechanism to abate wave forces. Stevenson's own wave formula would have predicted offshore wave heights for Wick of around 8 to 10 metres, whereas modern observations show that the North Sea exhibits wave heights of up to two to three times this figure.

Family
He was brother of the lighthouse engineers Alan and David Stevenson, between 1854 and 1886 he designed many lighthouses, with his brother David, and then with David's son David Alan Stevenson.

He married Margaret Isabella "Maggie" Balfour in 1848, daughter of Rev Lewis Balfour. Their son was the writer Robert Louis Stevenson, who initially caused him much disappointment by failing to follow the engineering interests of his family.

His wife's younger brother, James Melville Balfour (i.e. his brother-in-law), trained under D. & T. Stevenson and then emigrated to New Zealand, where he was first the marine engineer for Otago Province before he appointed Colonial Marine Engineer.

Lighthouses designed by Thomas Stevenson
• Whalsay Skerries (1854)

• Out Skerries (1854)

• Muckle Flugga (1854)

• Davaar (1854)

• Ushenish (1857)

• South Rona (1857)

• Kyleakin (1857)

• Ornsay (1857)

• Sound of Mull (1857)

• Cantick Head (1858)

• Bressay (1858)

• Ruvaal (1859)

• Corran Point (1860)

• Fladda (1860)

• McArthur's Head (1861)

• St Abb's Head (1862)

• Butt of Lewis (1862)

• Holborn Head (1862)

• Monach Islands (1864)

• Skervuile (1865)

• Auskerry (1866)

• Lochindaal (1869)

• Scurdie Ness (1870)

• Stour Head (1870)

• Dubh Artach (1872)

• Turnberry Point (1873)

• Chicken Rock (1875)

• Lindisfarne (1877, 1880)

• Fidra (1885)

• Oxcar (1886)

• Ailsa Craig Lighthouse (1886)

title: Thomas Stevenson


text:
Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)

Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik) is formed as a splinter group from RSP in Kerala in 2001. The party leader at the time of its formation was Baby John, formerly an important RSP leader in Kerala.

RSP(B) joined the UDF, the alliance in Kerala which is led by the INC. The party won 2 seats in the state assembly, Shibu Baby John and Babu Divakaran, in the 2001 election. Babu Divakaran became the Minister of Labour in the state government.

In 2005 RSP(B) left UDF, a decision largely attributed to the party general secretary A. V. Thamarakshan. Babu Divakaran split away and formed the RSP(M). RSP(M) joined in UDF.. RSP(B) merged with JSS in 2009.

Alliance and break-up
RSP(B) had an alliance with BJP in Kerala since 2014 till 2016 when A.V. Thamarakshan decided to break the alliance and go alone in the 2016 Kerala  assembly elections.

Mass organizations

 * United Trade Union Congress (B) (UTUC(B))
 * Revolutionary Youth Front (B) (RYF(B))
 * All India Progressive Students' Union (B) (AIPSU(B))


text:
User talk:A-giau

Hi A-giau, and welcome to the English Wikipedia.

Thankyou for finding the time to sign up and contribute to our little project. If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out the Help centre, the FAQs, or the Manual of Style; otherwise, don't hesitate to ask questions at my talk page, or at the Village Pump.

It's also a good idea to sign the new user log and add a little about yourself.

Have fun!

TPK 23:47, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

black pudding
Hello:

I don't think "Zhu-Xue-Gao" isn't Blood Pudding, it's totally different. And it is also more far away from german "blutwurst". Maybe we can create any page calls "Taiwanese blach pudding", and also translate "black pudding" into chinese wikipedia.Richyli 04:54, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Usage statistics for Minnan
I wasn't active on Wikipedia for a while, so sorry for the late reply. You might have already gotten the issue sorted, but in any case, I am not a developer so I don't really know. It might be that it just hasn't been scheduled for stats yet since it's one of the newer wikis. If you still need to know the answer, I would suggest asking on the Village pump or drop me another note and I'll find out from someone. Dori | Talk 23:25, Oct 5, 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Zh-minnan interwikis
So, what's the current situation with the Minnanhua interwikis? It looks like some guy went through and changed a bunch of them from Roman letters to Hanzi. But, since the wiki in question is in Roman letters, shouldn't the interwiki be, too? What's the proper form for minnan interwikis? I'm asking you because I figured you would know. Is this being discussed more thoroughly somewhere else? Thanks - Nat Krause 16:47, 26 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi, Nat. The change appears to be accidental.  Seems that the recent upgrade to MediaWiki 1.4 used an old file for interwiki names, so all the interwikis reverted to the old and mismatching form.  A bug report has been filed .  Lets hope Brion and the other developers will have a bit of time to fix this.  Accidents like this not withstanding, they've done a good job.  A-giau 05:35, 28 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * It's fixed! A-giau 03:07, 29 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Japan-related topics in Min-nan
I posted on the talk page of Kunrei-shiki asking if speakers of Bân-lâm-gú usually romanize Japanese words and names using the Kunrei-shiki method (Anglophones use Hepburn) and a poster there says that Min-nan does not have a standard method for romanizing Japanese names.

Does Min-Nan have a standard? WhisperToMe 04:23, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Source page licensing
Thanks for your comments, I will (by degrees) as soon as possible alter the license statements on my [Home Pages]. In the interum, I would like to have this statement of intent stand as record that all original images I have posted are license free. L-Bit 02:17, 6 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Chinese surnames
Hi A-giau,

I noticed that you were originally the one that added the Minnan pronunciations to List of common Chinese surnames. Ran recently added surnames 81-100. When you get the chance, do you think you can add the Minnan pronunciations for those as well? Thanks! --Umofomia 18:40, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Taiwanese People's Party
I asked for some references at Talk:Taiwanese People's Party. – Kaihsu 18:18, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

User Categorization
You were listed on the Wikipedians/Taiwan page as living in or being associated with Taichung County. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in Taichung County for instructions. Rmky87 20:54, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Peer review/Yuan (surname)
If you have a minute, could you take a look at the article Yuan (surname) - I've put it up for peer review (see Peer review/Yuan (surname)/archive1). I hope to make it a model for expanding other Chinese surname articles. Since you've contributed to the Chinese surname article, I would really appreciate your suggestions. Yu Ninjie 21:57, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

Star TV (not STAR!)
Hi there, I have answered your question some time ago in Talk:Star TV. I know, it's sad to be ignored for 4 months =P 199.111.230.195 18:14, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Issue with uploaded image
Please see Wikipedia:Copyright_issues concerning Image:Return of the King (Tokyo).jpg which you have uploaded. __meco 15:30, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Tiptree
You asked for some more detail on James Tiptree, Jr's works. I added this section - let me know if you have suggestions... ←Hob 11:17, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

Atayal
Thanks for your help with the Atayal page.--Ling.Nut 18:23, 20 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Don't mention it. Hopefully someone knowledgeable will address facial tatooing.  A-giau 06:09, 21 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Atayal is looking better and better. Good job.
 * If you wanna devote time to the article, it would help to find references for the many uncited assertions. Also, those embedded links need to have full text cites in the reference section. Ican help you with one or two...--Ling.Nut 15:33, 21 October 2006 (UTC)
 * PS there are lots of examples of citing newspapers and websites in Taiwanese aborigines, especially in the bottom sections (Modern Aborigines). You can use those for examples...--Ling.Nut 15:37, 21 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I've converted one to formal citation. Thanks for the reminder.  A-giau 08:24, 22 October 2006 (UTC)
 * You rock!--Ling.Nut 12:29, 22 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Alas, I have not the time to do much here at en: :( A-giau 14:48, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

Rate on quality scale
Hi, I am working on Taiwanese opera and trying to expand it.I saw you are also interested about this topic.if you think what needs to add in this article. Please give me some comments.I would like to ask you to watch that article and rate on the scope of Wikiproject Taiwan or give me some opinions or comments on this article. Thanks Qwaszxfish (talk) 04:45, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

Substantial edits at the Dorje Shugden article
Dear editor I like to draw your attention to that specific article, Dorje Shugden, which was substantially changed by a group of three new editors, without any discussion on the talk page. Rather one of the new editor revealed: "Many of these changes were discussed between at least three of the editors." which must have happened outside of WP, because there is no discussion on the talk page or their WP-accounts. One of the new editors claimed: "You seem to be the only person who accepted this article as it was. If you check you will see that the changes made make this article more neutral and unbiased then it was before previous edits." If I check I see the article omitted different POV's, deleted verified passages, included passages from anonymous websites and turned the article to a more bias Pro-Shugden POV. I'd like to ask you to check that and to give your opinion or to collaborate if there is a need for improving the article, so that we can have an unbiased, neutral, well-informed article which fairly presents all POV's. Thank you very much, --Kt66 (talk) 19:29, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

Would you like to translate English material to Taiwanese?
Hi A-giau,

I'm wondering if you would be available to help out the Spread Open Media project by translating some content to Taiwanese? Feel free to reply on my talk page or via email.-- Ivo talk / contribs (join Project Portugal) 11:12, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

An RfC that you may be interested in...
As one of the previous contributors to Infobox film or as one of the commenters on it's talk page, I would like to inform you that there has been a RfC started on the talk page as to implementation of previously deprecated parameters. Your comments and thoughts on the matter would be welcomed. Happy editing!
 * This message was sent by MediaWiki message delivery (talk) on behalf of {{U|Technical 13}} (t • e • c) 18:26, 8 March 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:17, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

Min Nan Wikipedia
Hello, I wanted to ask you a question about Min Nan grammatical rules. Sorry if this sounds weird, but my real question is about Min Nan Wikipedia and technical restrictions of page names. I have noticed that on all but one Wikipedias, all titles start with a capital letter. Note that iPad is technically IPad, as it will have an uppercase I in the URL. However, zh-min-nan:File:Example.jpg will say https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/tóng-àn:Example.jpg. Entering a capital T instead of a lowercase one will give the same result, as prefixes are not case sensitive. But the lowercase t is default, and no titles start with actual lowercase letters, except on Wiktionary. Titles in Wikipedia almost never begin with lowercase letters, so is this a grammatical thing or something? Gioguch (talk) 20:55, 3 October 2020 (UTC)

 * Both “tóng-àn” and “Tóng-àn” are okay. I suppose namespace should be in sentence case? Kaihsu (talk) 10:03, 20 February 2023 (UTC)

Request translation Isabelle de Charrière
Hello A-giau, Would you like to write / translate the article of Isabelle de Charrière (Q123386) for the Minnan wikipedia or find someone else to do that? That would be appreciated. Boss-well63 (talk) 14:58, 1 December 2020 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Cobian Backup

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title: User talk:A-giau


text:
USS Wyoming (1859)

The first USS Wyoming of the United States Navy was a wooden-hulled screw sloop that fought on the Union side during the American Civil War. Sent to the Pacific Ocean to search for the CSS Alabama, Wyoming eventually came upon the shores of Japan and engaged Japanese land and sea forces. On 16 July 1863, Wyoming won the first-ever United States naval victory over Japan in the Battle of Shimonoseki Straits.

Service history
The ship was laid down at the Philadelphia Navy Yard in July 1858, launched on 19 January 1859, sponsored by Mary Florida Grice, and commissioned in October 1859, Commander John K. Mitchell in command. She was named for the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania, not the state of Wyoming which did not yet exist.

West Coast, 1859–1862
Wyoming soon sailed via Cape Horn for the Pacific and arrived off the coast of Nicaragua in April 1860. There, she relieved USS Levant (1837) and operated along the Pacific coast of the United States and Central America into the spring of 1861. During that time, she participated in the search for Levant when that warship disappeared in the late autumn of 1860.

The outbreak of the Civil War found Wyoming at San Francisco, California, preparing for another cruise. She was instructed to remain in the vicinity of the Golden Gate to protect mail steamers operating off the California coast, but CDR Mitchell — a naval officer of Southern origin and persuasion — defied his orders and took his ship to Panama instead.

Mitchell's flagrant disobedience cost him his command and also resulted in his dismissal from the service. As a result, Wyoming came under the temporary command of her executive officer, Lt. Francis K. Murray, on 4 July 1861. While returning to Monterey, California, Wyoming was plagued by mishaps. First, her bottom struck a coral head off La Paz, Baja California Sur, and was pulled free only after three days aground during which she lost her false keel. She then ran short of coal and arrived at Monterey with empty bunkers.

Wyoming subsequently shifted to San Francisco where, on 9 August, she received a new commanding officer, Commander David McDougal. The warship then proceeded to the coast of Lower California to protect American whaling interests against possible incursions by Confederate cruisers. After that service, she operated in South American waters into 1862.

Far East, 1862–1863
Following repairs at Mare Island, Wyoming received orders — dated 16 June 1862 — to proceed immediately to the Far East in search of "armed piratical cruisers fitted out by the rebels" and soon headed west, bound for the Orient.

Word of the Union ship's subsequent appearance in Far Eastern waters spread fast and far. In the Sunda Strait, off Java, Captain Raphael Semmes, the commanding officer of Confederate cruiser Alabama, learned from an English brig of Wyoming's arrival in the East Indies; and a Dutch trader later confirmed this report. On 26 October, Semmes wrote confidently in his journal that "Wyoming is a good match for this ship," and "I have resolved to give her battle. She is reported to be cruising under sail — probably with banked fires — and anchors, no doubt, under Krakatoa every night, and I hope to surprise her, the moon being near its full."

Although in their search for each other, Wyoming and Alabama unknowingly came close to each other, they never met; and it would be up to another Union warship, the sloop USS Kearsarge (1861), to destroy the elusive Confederate raider. Yet, despite being unsuccessful in tracking down Confederate cruisers, Wyoming did render important service to uphold the honor of the American flag in the Far East the following year, 1863.

Ordered to Philadelphia that spring — after what had been a largely fruitless cruise — Wyoming was in the midst of preparations to leave the East Indies when an event occurred that changed her plans.

The Battle of the Straits of Shimonoseki, 1863
On 10 May 1863, Wyoming at Yokohama, Japan. Attempts by HMS Bouncer (1856) to refloat her were unsuccessful as the tide was falling. She was refloated the next day and taken in to Yokohama. Wyoming was stationed there as a show of force, standing by to protect American lives and property during an outbreak of anti-foreign agitation in Japan. Nevertheless, that agitation continued into the early summer months, as the sonnō jōi movement grew in strength with increasing resentment by the Japanese to the terms of the recent unequal treaties signed with the western powers. Emperor Kōmei issued a decree setting 25 June 1863 as the date for the expulsion of all aliens from Japan.

Although the Tokugawa shogunate was largely powerless to force compliance with this directive, the powerful pro-sonnō jōi daimyō of Chōshū Domain, the Mōri Takachika took the decree literally and decided to attack foreign ships passing through the Straits of Shimonoseki, which the domain regarded as part of its territory.

At one o'clock on the morning of 26 June, two armed vessels of Chōshū Domain attacked the American merchantman Pembroke, bound for Nagasaki and Shanghai, as she lay anchored in the Strait of Shimonoseki. Pembroke suffered no casualties; got underway; and moved out of danger, escaping via Bungo Strait and continuing her voyage for Shanghai, post-haste, without making her scheduled stop at Nagasaki.

Word of the incident did not reach Yokohama from Japanese sources until 10 July. That evening, mail from Shanghai brought "authentic information" confirming the Japanese report. The United States Minister in Japan, Robert H. Pruyn, sent for the Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Japanese government and informed him — in the presence of Comdr. McDougal — of the gravity of the situation, stressing that an insult to the American flag was a serious matter. After being told by Pruyn that the United States government would demand satisfaction and expect a statement from the Japanese concerning the offense, the Japanese diplomat begged that the Americans do nothing until his government at Edo took action.

After the Japanese left, McDougal told Pruyn that he had decided to proceed instantly to the Shimonoseki Strait to seize and, if necessary, to destroy, the offending vessels. The two men agreed that lack of punitive action would encourage further anti-foreign incidents.

Accordingly, Wyoming prepared for sea. At 4:45 a.m. on 13 July, CDR McDougal called all hands; and the sloop got underway 15 minutes later, bound for the strait. After a two-day voyage, Wyoming arrived off the island of Himeshima on the evening of 15 July and anchored off the south side of that island.

At five o'clock the following morning, Wyoming weighed anchor and steamed toward the Strait of Shimonoseki. She went to general quarters at nine, loaded her pivot guns with shell, and cleared for action. The warship entered the strait at 10:45 and beat to quarters. Soon, three signal guns boomed from the landward, alerting the Chōshū coastal artillery batteries and warships of Wyoming's arrival.

At about 11:15, after being fired upon from the shore batteries, Wyoming hoisted her colors and replied with her 11-inch pivot guns. Momentarily ignoring the batteries, McDougal ordered Wyoming to continue steaming toward a bark, a steamer, and a brig at anchor off the town of Shimonoseki. Meanwhile, four shore batteries took the warship under fire. Wyoming answered the Japanese cannon "as fast as the guns could be brought to bear" while shells from the shore guns passed through her rigging.

Wyoming then passed between the brig and the bark on the starboard hand and the steamer on the port, steaming within a pistol shot's range. One shot from either the bark or brig struck near Wyoming's forward broadside gun, killing two men and wounding four. Elsewhere on the ship, a Marine was struck dead by a piece of shrapnel.

Wyoming, in hostile territory, then grounded in uncharted waters shortly after she had made one run past the forts. The Japanese steamer, in the meantime, had slipped her cable and headed directly for Wyoming — possibly to attempt a boarding. The American man-of-war, however, managed to work free of the mud and then unleashed her 11-inch Dahlgren guns on the enemy ship, hulling and damaging her severely. Two well-directed shots exploded her boilers and, as she began to sink, her crew abandoned the ship.

Wyoming then passed the bark and the brig, firing into them steadily and methodically. Some shells were "overs" and landed in the town ashore, setting it on fire. As Comdr. McDougal wrote in his report to Gideon Welles on 23 July, "the punishment inflicted (upon the daimyo) and in store for him will, I trust, teach him a lesson that will not soon be forgotten."

After having been in combat for a little over an hour, Wyoming returned to Yokohama. She had been hulled 11 times, with considerable damage to her smokestack and rigging. Her casualties had been comparatively light: four men killed and seven wounded — one of whom later died. Significantly, Wyoming had been the first foreign warship to take offensive action to uphold treaty rights in Japan.

Hunting the raiders, 1863–1864
However, the ship's projected return to Philadelphia did not materialize due to the supposed continued presence of Alabama in Far Eastern waters. She repaired her damages, resumed the search and sailed to the Dutch East Indies. She subsequently voyaged to Christmas Island, examining it to determine whether or not it was used as a supply base for "the use of rebel cruisers." Finding the island uninhabited and the report of its use as a supply base unfounded, Wyoming returned to Anjer, Java, where McDougal found out, to his surprise, that Alabama had passed the Sunda Strait on 10 November — only a day after Wyoming had sailed for Christmas Island. At noon that day, Alabama and Wyoming had been only 25 miles apart.

Writing from Batavia on 22 November, McDougal later reported that Wyoming had scoured the waters of the East Indies, visiting "every place in this neighborhood where she (Alabama) would likely lay in case she intended to remain in this region." Although acknowledging that the condition of Wyoming's boilers prevented a heavy pressure of steam from being carried, McDougal promised to make every effort in his power to find and capture Alabama.

Wyoming then cruised to Singapore in search of the Confederate raider, but found nothing, and continued on to the Dutch settlement of Rhio, near Sunda Strait. She subsequently sailed north, putting into Cavite, Luzon, in the Philippine Islands, on Christmas Eve. There, through the courtesy of the Spanish Navy, Wyoming underwent much-needed boiler repairs and coaled. She then sailed for Hong Kong and Huangpu, China.

Wyoming continued her search for the elusive Alabama into February 1864. She sailed to Fuzhou, China, to protect American interests and proceeded thence, via Hong Kong, to the East Indies. When the sloop-of-war reached Batavia, however, CDR McDougal found that there was now no alternative but to return to the United States for repairs, because the ship's boilers were in such poor condition. Accordingly, Wyoming began her long-delayed return voyage to the United States, via Anjer, the Cape of Good Hope, St. Helena, and St. Thomas. After a voyage of almost three months, she arrived at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 13 July 1864; having completed a circumnavigation of the globe begun when she left that port following her commissioning.

The presence of CSS Florida off the East Coast, however, meant another change in plans for the weary Wyoming. Commodore Cornelius Stribling, Commandant of the Philadelphia Navy Yard, ordered the newly arrived screw sloop to sea to search for Florida. "It is with regret that I send you on this service," Stribling wrote McDougal, "After so long a cruise, and one in which you have rendered such important service, yourself, officers and crew, were entitled to a respite from active service; but the great importance of capturing the rebel privateer will, I hope, be an incentive to all under your command cheerfully to perform this service."

Although Wyoming required extensive repairs, she nevertheless sailed. As events proved, however, Wyoming's machinery — so long from repairs in an American Navy Yard — proved unequal to the strain. For five days, the ship attempted to carry out the orders given her — contending with fresh northeast winds and a head sea — but returned to Philadelphia on 19 July, due to a leaky boiler. She was decommissioned on 23 July for a complete overhaul.

East Indies Station, 1865–1868
Recommissioned on 11 April 1865, Comdr. John P. Bankhead in command, Wyoming proceeded to the East Indies Station, via Cape Horn, and reached Singapore on 25 September 1865, in time to participate in the search for CSS Shenandoah, a Confederate raider which remained at sea for one month after the end of the Civil War. Following service on the East Indies Station into 1866, the screw sloop-of-war was made part of the Asiatic Squadron with that unit's establishment in 1867.

Sailing from Yokohama on 28 April 1867, Wyoming headed for the island of Formosa (Taiwan). On 13 June, she participated in a punitive expedition against Formosan natives who had murdered the crew of the American merchant bark Rover that had been wrecked off the coast of Formosa a short time before. During that action, she sent a landing party ashore in company with one from the sloop USS Hartford (1858).

Subsequently, returning to the United States having performed her last service in the Far East, Wyoming was decommissioned on 10 February 1868 and placed "in ordinary" at Boston, Massachusetts. After extensive repairs at Portsmouth Navy Yard, during 1870 and into 1871, Wyoming was recommissioned on 14 November 1871, Comdr. John L. Davis in command.

North Atlantic Station, 1872–1878
From 1872 to 1874, Wyoming operated on the North Atlantic Station. Her ports of call included Havana, Cuba; Key West, Florida.; Aspinwall, Panama; Santiago, Cuba; Kingston, Jamaica; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Key West; Hampton Roads, Va.; and New Bedford, Mass. After that tour of duty, cruising and "showing the flag" in the West Indies and Gulf of Mexico, Wyoming was decommissioned at the Washington Navy Yard on 30 April 1874 and remained laid up there for the next two years.

In 1876, the Wyoming was deployed to the Potomac river in order to defend Washington DC at rumors of an invasion by Southern separatists after the controversial election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden.

The veteran screw sloop-of-war became the receiving ship at Washington in 1877 and apparently served in that capacity into early the following year. Recommissioned on 20 November 1877, Wyoming left Washington, loaded articles for the Paris Exposition, and departed the East Coast of the United States on 6 April 1878, bound for France. After discharging the cargo at Le Havre, France, the ship visited Rouen, France, and Southampton, England, before she departed the latter port on 25 June and headed for the United States. She reached Norfolk on 22 August, shifted to Washington in mid-September, and to New York in early November, before she sailed on 26 November for the European Station.

European Station, 1878–1881
Wyoming reached Villefranche, France, near the port of Nice, on Christmas Eve 1878 and remained there into 1879 before getting underway for Smyrna on 24 January 1879. Wyoming remained in the Mediterranean into November 1880, touching at many of the more famous ports in that historic body of water — and in the Black Sea — before heading home late in 1880.

Wyoming returned to the United States in early 1881, arriving at Hampton Roads on 21 May. She sailed for Beaufort, S.C., on 15 June and thence proceeded to Annapolis, Md.

Naval Academy, 1882–1892
Decommissioned on 30 October 1882 and turned over to the Superintendent of the Naval Academy, Wyoming spent the next decade employed as a practice ship for midshipmen. Later taken to Norfolk, Va., she was sold at the port on 9 May 1892 to E. J. Butler, of Arlington, Massachusetts.

title: USS Wyoming (1859)


text:
Eintracht Frankfurt

Eintracht Frankfurt e.V. is a German professional sports club based in Frankfurt, Hesse. It is best known for its football club, which was founded on 8 March 1899. The club currently plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. Eintracht have won the German championship once, the DFB-Pokal five times, the UEFA Europa League twice and finished as runner-up in the European Cup once. The team was one of the founding members of the Bundesliga at its inception and has spent a total of 55 seasons in the top division, thus making them the seventh longest participating club in the highest tier of the league.

Since 1925 their stadium has been the Waldstadion, which is currently named Deutsche Bank Park for sponsorship reasons.

Eintracht Frankfurt have either won or drawn more than three-quarters of their games as well as having finished the majority of their seasons placed in the top half of the table, but also having the highest number of losses in the league (657). With an average attendance of 47,942 since 2013 the team also has one of the highest attendance ratings in the world and the eighth highest out of the 36 Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga teams. The player with the highest number of appearances (602) in the Bundesliga, Charly Körbel, spent his entire senior career as a defender for Eintracht Frankfurt. The club's primary rival is local club Kickers Offenbach, although, due to spending most of their history in different divisions, the two have only played two league matches within the last 40 years.

With almost 14,000 active athletes in over 50 sports in 2024, Eintracht Frankfurt is the largest multi-sports club in the world with a professional football team.

Club origins
The origins of the club go back to a pair of football clubs founded in 1899: Frankfurter Fußball-Club Victoria von 1899 – regarded as the original team in the club's history – and Frankfurter Fußball-Club Kickers von 1899. Both clubs were founding members of the new Nordkreis-Liga in 1909. These two teams merged in May 1911 to become Frankfurter Fußball Verein (Kickers-Victoria), an instant success, taking three league titles from 1912 to 1914 in the Nordkreis-Liga and qualifying for the Southern German championship in each of those seasons. In turn, Frankfurter FV joined the gymnastics club Frankfurter Turngemeinde von 1861 to form TuS Eintracht Frankfurt von 1861 in 1920. The German word Eintracht means 'harmony' or 'concord', and so Eintracht is the equivalent of United in English in the names of sports teams. At the time, sports in Germany was dominated by nationalistic gymnastics organizations, and under pressure from that sport's governing authority, the gymnasts and footballers went their separate ways again in 1927, as Turngemeinde Eintracht Frankfurt von 1861 and Sportgemeinde Eintracht Frankfurt (FFV) von 1899.

Through the late 1920s and into the 1930s, Eintracht won a handful of local and regional championships, first in the Kreisliga Nordmain, then in the Bezirksliga Main and Bezirksliga Main-Hessen. After being eliminated from the national level playoffs after quarterfinal losses in 1930 and 1931, they won their way to the final in 1932 where they were beaten 2–0 by Bayern Munich, who claimed their first ever German championship. In 1933, German football was re-organized into sixteen Gauligen under the Third Reich, and the club played first division football in the Gauliga Südwest, consistently finishing in the upper half of the table and winning their division in 1938.

Eintracht picked up where they left off after World War II, joining the new first division Oberliga Süd. In 1946, Eintracht won the first Hessenpokal, and finished third in the Oberliga Süd a year later. In 1953, they would win the Oberliga Süd title, qualifying Eintracht for the German championship, though they did not make it to the final.

National champions and European Cup finalists
Former coach Paul Oßwald returned to the club for third stint with Eintracht in 1958. In the 1958–59 season the club won their Oberliga again, qualifying for the 1959 German championship. Winning all six of the games in the group phase, Eintracht made it to the final with a perfect record; there, they would meet rivals Kickers Offenbach, the club that Oßwald joined from, and the runners up behind Eintracht in the Oberliga Süd. Frankfurt went on to win the final 5–3 after extra time, becoming German champions for the first and so far only time in front of 75,000 fans in Berlin's Olympiastadion.

As champions, Frankfurt would represent Germany in the 1959–60 European Cup, where they would come to international prominence. Having beaten BSC Young Boys and Wiener Sport-Club to make it to the semi-finals, they were drawn against Scottish champions Rangers, who were considered favourites, at least in Scotland – Rangers manager Scot Symon allegedly asked, "Eintracht, who are they?" before the game. Eintracht won the first leg 6–1 at home, in a performance described as the greatest in the club's history. They would score six more in the second leg at Ibrox, winning 12–4 on aggregate. After the game, the Rangers players gave their opponents a guard of honour as they left the pitch.

Eintracht would return to Glasgow for the final at Hampden Park, although they lost 7–3 to Real Madrid despite taking an early lead. The final was widely regarded as one of the best football matches ever played, remembered for a hat-trick by Alfredo Di Stéfano and four goals by Ferenc Puskás.

After their championship-winning year, Eintracht did not win the Oberliga again, though they were runners-up in 1961 and 1962. Both times they would finish second in the group phase of the German championship, missing out on the final.

Founding member of the Bundesliga
The side earned themselves a place as one of the original 16 teams selected to play in the Bundesliga, Germany's new professional football league, formed in 1963. Eintracht played Bundesliga football for 33 consecutive seasons, finishing in the top half of the table for the majority of them. In the inaugural season, Eintracht finished 3rd behind 1. FC Köln and Meidericher SV – the club has still never managed a better Bundesliga finish – and also reached the 1964 DFB-Pokal Final.

Eintracht finished in the top half of the Bundesliga every season until 1970–71. Although they didn't make it back to the European Cup, Eintracht did play in other non-UEFA European competitions, beating FK Inter Bratislava to win the 1967 Intertoto Cup in the last season of its original format. That year, they also reached the semi-final of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, losing to Dinamo Zagreb.

Cup successes
From 1973 to 1981, Eintracht had arguably their most successful period of the Bundesliga era, winning three DFB-Pokals and the UEFA Cup. Many of the most iconic players from the club's history played during this era, such as Bernd Nickel, Charly Körbel, Bernd Hölzenbein, Jürgen Grabowski and Cha Bum-kun.

The first title success came under Dietrich Weise in the 1973–74 DFB-Pokal, winning 3–1 in the final over Hamburger SV – due to the 1974 FIFA World Cup, which Hölzenbein and Grabowski had won with West Germany, the final wasn't played until August 1974.

Eintracht would win the cup again in 1975, beating MSV Duisburg 1–0. That season, they played in the European Cup Winners' Cup for the first time, and in the 1975–76 campaign, they would go far, reaching the semi-finals. Despite beating opponents West Ham 2–1 at home, Eintracht were beaten 3–1 in the second leg and were knocked out, while also finishing a relatively low ninth place in the Bundesliga. The club then had a difficult start to the 1976–77 season, but under new coach Gyula Lóránt, appointed in November, Eintracht went unbeaten in the second half of the season. Lóránt, notable for introducing zonal marking to the Bundesliga, took Frankfurt into fourth place by the end of the season, finishing only two points behind champions Borussia Mönchengladbach. Soon, however, Lóránt would leave for Bayern Munich, with Dettmar Cramer coming the other way to coach Frankfurt. Cramer left at the end of the disappointing 1977–78 season, replaced by Otto Knefler, who soon had to leave on health grounds. In January 1979, Friedel Rausch joined the club as the new coach. This was one of two important arrivals in 1979, as Cha Bum-kun would sign for Eintracht in July, becoming the first Korean to play in Europe. He would quickly become an icon in Frankfurt, scoring 12 league goals in his debut season. Eliminating Aberdeen, Dinamo București, Feyenoord and FC Zbrojovka Brno in the earlier rounds of the UEFA Cup, Eintracht made it to the semi-finals, at which point only West German teams remained. Drawn against Bayern Munich, Eintracht pulled off a 5–1 win in extra time against the Bavarians to take their place in the final.

Rausch's side lost 3–2 in the first leg of the final to Borussia Mönchengladbach, the reigning champions. The two away goals, scored by Harald Karger and Hölzenbein, would prove crucial. Two weeks later, Eintracht hosted the return leg. With the score remaining 0–0 until late on, Rausch sent on teenager Fred Schaub with 13 minutes to play. Almost immediately, Schaub scored what proved to be only goal of the game, giving Eintracht the title on away goals.

Now coached by Lothar Buchmann, Eintracht won the 1980–81 DFB-Pokal, their 3rd Pokal victory. This effectively marked the end of Eintracht's golden period, as they began to struggle against relegation.

Mid-80s struggles and 1988 DFB-Pokal
In 1984, they defeated MSV Duisburg 6–1 on aggregate in the relegation playoff after finishing 16th; in 1986 and 1987, they would finish 15th.

After years as a bottom-half club in the Bundesliga, Eintracht had a successful 1987–88 season, finishing in the top half of the league for the first time since 1982. More importantly, they won the 1987–88 DFB-Pokal, with a 1–0 win over VfL Bochum in the 1988 final. The goalscorer was Hungarian Lajos Détári, who became a hero among the club's fans. Only two days after the final, Détári was sold to Olympiacos for a large fee, helping to pay the club's debts.

In 1988–89 Eintracht found themselves in the relegation fight again. Jörg Berger was appointed coach and led the side to safety with a 4–1 aggregate win over 1. FC Saarbrücken in the relegation playoff.

Title challenges in the early 90s and first relegation

A year later, Berger had taken the club to 3rd place, and was recognised as the best coach in the league. Berger left in 1991 after a 4th-place finish, but the squad now included players considered among the Bundesliga's best, such as Uwe Bein, Uli Stein, Jørn Andersen, Manfred Binz, Tony Yeboah and Andreas Möller.

Dragoslav Stepanović took over as coach when Berger left, and Eintracht would finish 3rd in both seasons he coached, although he left before the end of 1992–93. Under Stepanović, Eintracht played what was considered some of the best football in Bundesliga history, making 'Stepi' a fan favourite to this day. In 1991–92, the club came closer than ever before to winning the Bundesliga. Going into the last game of the season, Eintracht were top of the table and only needed a win against already-relegated Hansa Rostock. With the scores level at 1–1 Eintracht were denied what seemed a clear penalty, they would go on to lose 2–1. Referee Alfons Berg later apologised for his decision, but VfB Stuttgart became champions. Eintracht also came close in 1993–94, under Klaus Toppmöller, leading the table at the halway point; however, they fell to 5th place and Toppmöller was sacked.

In the summer of 1994, Jupp Heynckes was appointed coach. Things quickly began to turn sour, as Heynckes fell out with key players Tony Yeboah, Maurizio Gaudino and Jay-Jay Okocha. The club suspended all three players; Yeboah and Gaudino soon left. With the club in 13th, Heynckes decided to leave. For his role in breaking up the successful side of the early 90s, Heynckes is still reviled by many fans in Frankfurt.

Relegation would come in 1995–96, with neither club legend Charly Körbel or the previously successful Dragoslav Stepanovic able to rescue Eintracht. After 33 consecutive years in the Bundesliga, Frankfurt went down alongside 1. FC Kaiserslautern, who had also been ever-present until 1996.

Turbulent years
After a tumultuous debut campaign in the 2. Bundesliga, Eintracht won the title in 1997–98 and returned to the Bundesliga. Promotion coach Horst Ehrmantraut left in December, and Jörg Berger returned to try to save Eintracht once more. On the final day of the 1998–99 season, Eintracht were expected to be relegated, but dramatically climbed out of the relegation zone on goal difference thanks to a late goal from Jan Åge Fjørtoft giving them a 5–1 win over Kaiserslautern.

The following year, in another struggle to avoid relegation, the club was docked two points for violating the conditions of their license. Eintracht secured survival on the last day of the season with a win over SSV Ulm, who were relegated instead. Eintracht would go down the season afterwards with Friedel Rausch in charge, and did not come close to promotion in 2001–02. Eintracht secured a Bundesliga return on the final day of the 2002–03 season with a 6–3 win over Reutlingen, dramatically scoring 3 in the last 10 minutes of the game. They were then relegated straight back to the 2. Bundesliga, but were promoted again the season after, managed by Friedhelm Funkel. Funkel led the team to safety in 2005–06 and also took Eintracht to the DFB-Pokal final for the first time since 1988, where they lost to Bayern Munich. As Bayern had already qualified for Europe, this also meant that Eintracht qualified for the UEFA Cup. After years of stability under Funkel, Michael Skibbe replaced him in 2009.

The 2010–11 season ended with the club's fourth Bundesliga relegation. After setting a new record for most points in the first half of the season, the club struggled after the winter break, going seven games without scoring a goal. Coach Skibbe was replaced with Christoph Daum, but Eintracht went down again after winning just once in the second half of the season.

One year later, Eintracht defeated Alemannia Aachen 3–0 on the 32nd matchday of the 2011–12 season, securing promotion to the Bundesliga. This was followed up by a 6th-place finish in the Bundesliga in 2012–13, qualifying Frankfurt for the Europa League.

DFB Pokal and Europa League winners, Participation in European Competitions
Having finished in the top half in 2014–15, a season in which Eintracht's Alexander Meier was the league's top scorer, the team struggled again in 2015–16 and Niko Kovač was appointed coach in March 2016. Frankfurt survived only through the relegation playoff; ending the season in 16th place, they beat 1. FC Nürnberg 2–1 on aggregate in the playoff. In Kovač's first full year, his team survived comfortably and also reached the final of the 2017 DFB-Pokal, where they were beaten by Borussia Dortmund.

Eintracht reached their second DFB-Pokal final in a row in 2017–18, this time winning 3–1 against heavy favourites Bayern Munich – who Kovač had already agreed to join from next season. He was replaced by Adi Hütter.

In 2018–19, Eintracht's attacking trio of Luka Jović, Ante Rebić and Sébastien Haller won lots of praise for their outstanding performances, scoring 41 league goals and 16 Europa League goals between them and earning the nickname "the Buffalo Herd". Making only their second appearance in the modern Europa League, Eintracht won all six group games against Lazio, Apollon Limassol and Marseille, and beat highly rated opponents Shakhtar Donetsk, Inter Milan and Benfica. In the semi-finals against Chelsea, Eintracht drew both legs 1–1 but ended up losing on penalties at Stamford Bridge. Chelsea would go on to win the tournament. Eintracht also missed out on Champions League qualification in the Bundesliga, dropping from 4th to 7th after losing their last two games.

With Jović, Rebić and Haller all leaving in the summer of 2019, Eintracht regressed in 2019–20 and failed to qualify for Europe, but returned to the Europa League with a 5th-place finish in 2020–21, after which Adi Hütter left for Borussia Mönchengladbach. In the 2021–22 Europa League, Eintracht topped their group and stunned Barcelona in the quarter finals, taking a 3–0 lead at the Camp Nou and eventually winning 3–2 with approximately 30,000 travelling Frankfurt fans in attendance. Eintracht went on to beat West Ham home and away in the semi-finals to set up their first European final since 1980.

In the final in Seville's Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium, Frankfurt beat Rangers 5–4 on penalties after a 1–1 draw in extra-time, with Rafael Santos Borré scoring Eintracht's goal and the winning penalty. Goalkeeper Kevin Trapp was named man of the match in the final after making a crucial late save from Ryan Kent and saving Aaron Ramsey's penalty in the shootout. Eintracht won the competition unbeaten; their success also qualified them for the 2022–23 UEFA Champions League, Eintracht's first appearance in the competition since 1960. Eintracht finished second in their Champions League group, qualifying for the knockout stages, but lost in the round of 16 against S.S.C. Napoli. The team was more successful in the 2022–23 DFB-Pokal, reaching the final on 3 June 2023, where they lost 2–0 against RB Leipzig. A 7th-place finish at the end of 2022–23 season secured qualification for the UEFA Europa Conference League.

Colours, crest and nicknames
The club crest derives from the coat of arms of the city of Frankfurt, which itself is a reference to the one-headed Imperial Eagle of the 13th century.

The crest has evolved showing little significant change until 1980, when a stylized eagle in black and white was chosen to represent the team. In Eintracht's centenary year of 1999, the club decided to re-adopt a more traditional eagle crest. Since 2005, Eintracht has had a living mascot, a golden eagle named Attila from the nearby Hanau Zoo, who has currently been present at over 200 different games.

The official club colours of red, black, and white have their origins in the colours of the founding clubs Frankfurter FC Viktoria and Frankfurter FC Kickers, which sported red and white and black and white respectively. Red and white are the colours of the city coat of arms, and black and white the colours of Prussia. When the clubs merged, officials decided to adopt the colours of both sides. Since local rival Kickers Offenbach sport the colours red and white, Eintracht avoids playing in such a kit, preferring to play in black and red, or in black and white. In the 2023–2024 season, the home kit is black and red.

In the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League, the Eagles played an unbeaten campaign, mostly sporting an all-white kit that gained them the nickname la bestia blanca (literally the white beast in Spanish), a wordplay on the Spanish term la bestia negra (literally the black beast, also meaning bogey team in Spanish). This nickname was received after Eintracht knocked FC Barcelona out of the competition at Camp Nou.

The club is nicknamed "Die Adler" ("The Eagles"), which derives from their logo. A nickname still popular among supporters is SGE, taken from the club's old official name Sportgemeinde Eintracht (Frankfurt), which roughly translates into English as "Sports Community Harmony."

The nickname Launische Diva ("Moody Diva") was heard most often in the early 1990s, when the club would comfortably defeat top teams only to surprisingly lose to lesser clubs.

The nickname Schlappekicker ("Slipper Kickers") has been around since the 1920s, when J. & C. A. Schneider, a local manufacturer of shoes and especially slippers (called Schlappe in the regional Hessian dialect) was a major financial backer of the club and helped propel it to national relevance.

Since July 2022, the executive board consists of Axel Hellmann (CEO), Markus Krösche (head of sports) and Oliver Frankenbach (head of finances) and Philipp Reschke (head of fan relations, merchandising and HR).

National

 * German Championship / Bundesliga
 * Champions (1): 1959
 * Runners-up (1): 1932
 * DFB-Pokal
 * Winners (5): 1973–74, 1974–75, 1980–81, 1987–88, 2017–18
 * Runners-up (4): 1963–64, 2005–06, 2016–17, 2022–23
 * 2. Bundesliga
 * Winners (1): 1997–98
 * Runners-up (1): 2011–12
 * DFB / DFL-Supercup
 * Runners-up (1): 1988, 2018

Continental

 * European Cup / UEFA Champions League
 * Runners-up (1): 1959–60
 * UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League
 * Winners (2): 1979–80, 2021–22
 * International Football Cup (Intertoto Cup)
 * Winners (1): 1966-67
 * UEFA Super Cup
 * Runners-up (1): 2022

Pre-season

 * Cup of the Alps
 * Winners: 1967
 * Fuji-Cup
 * Winners: 1992
 * Runners-up: 1994
 * Trofeo Bortolotti
 * Winners: 2016, 2022

Regional

 * Southern German Championship
 * Champions: 1929–30, 1931–32
 * Runners-up: 1912–13+, 1913–14+, 1927–28, 1930–31
 * Oberliga Süd
 * Champions: 1952–53, 1958–59
 * Runners-up: 1953–54, 1960–61, 1961–62
 * Nordkreis-Liga
 * Champions: 1911–12+, 1912–13+, 1913–14+
 * Kreisliga Nordmain
 * Champions: 1919–20+, 1920–21
 * Runners-up: 1921–22
 * Bezirksliga Main-Hessen:
 * Champions: 1927–28, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1931–32
 * Runners-up: 1932–33
 * Gauliga Südwest/Mainhessen:
 * Champions: 1937–38
 * Runners-up: 1936–37
 * Hesse Cup (Tiers 3–7):
 * Winners: 1946, 1969*
 * Runners-up: 1949
 * Hesse Championship (Tier 3, 4 & 5):
 * Champions: 1970*, 2002*, 2023*
 * Runners-up: 1978*, 1983*, 1995*
 * + As Frankfurter FV
 * * Achieved by Reserve Team

All time
Green denotes the highest level of football in Germany; yellow the second highest.

Kit history

 * Current sport brand: Nike
 * Home kit: Black shirt with diagonal red lines, black shorts and red socks
 * Away kit: Black shirt, black shorts and black socks
 * 3rd kit: TBA

Club presidents

 * 🇩🇪 Wilhelm Schöndube (1920–1926)
 * 🇩🇪 Fritz Steffan / 🇩🇪 Heinrich Berger (1926–1927)
 * 🇩🇪 Horst Rebenschütz (1927)
 * 🇩🇪 Egon Graf von Beroldingen (1927–1933)
 * Hans Söhngen (1933–1939)
 * Rudolf Gramlich / Adolf Metzner (1939–1942)
 * Anton Gentil (1942–1945) (temporary)
 * 🇩🇪 Christian Kiefer (1945–1946) (temporary)
 * 🇩🇪 Günther Reis (1946)
 * 🇩🇪 Robert Brubacher (1946–1949)
 * 🇩🇪 Anton Keller (1949–1955)
 * 🇩🇪 Rudolf Gramlich (1955–1969)
 * 🇩🇪 Albert Zellekens (1970–1973)
 * 🇩🇪 Achaz von Thümen (1973–1981)
 * 🇩🇪 Axel Schander (1981–1983)
 * 🇩🇪 Klaus Gramlich (1983–1988)
 * 🇩🇪 Joseph Wolf (1988)
 * 🇩🇪 Matthias Ohms (1988–1996)
 * 🇩🇪 Dieter Lindner (1996) (temporary)
 * 🇩🇪 Hans-Joachim Otto (1996)
 * 🇩🇪 Rolf Heller (1996–2000)
 * 🇩🇪 Peter Fischer (2000–2024)
 * 🇩🇪 Mathias Beck (2024–)

Coaches

 * 🇩🇪 Albert Sohn (1919)
 * Dori Kürschner (1921–1922)
 * 🏴 Maurice Parry (1925–1926)
 * 🇩🇪 Fritz Égly / 🇨🇭 Walter Dietrich (1926–1927)
 * 🇦🇹 Gustav Wieser (October 1927 – May 1928)
 * 🇩🇪 Paul Oßwald (1928 – August 1933)
 * Willi Spreng (1933–1935)
 * Paul Oßwald (1935–1938)
 * Otto Boer (1939) (caretaker)
 * 🇭🇺 Péter Szabó (1939)
 * Willi Lindner (1941) (caretaker)
 * 🇭🇺 Péter Szabó (1942) (caretaker)
 * Willi Balles (1942) (caretaker)
 * 🇩🇪 Willy Pfeiffer (1945) (caretaker)
 * 🇩🇪 Sepp Herberger (1945) (caretaker)
 * Emil Melcher (1946)
 * Willi Treml (1947)
 * Bernhard Kellerhoff (1948 – December 1948)
 * Walter Hollstein (January 1949 – Summer 1950)
 * 🇩🇪 Kurt Windmann (Summer 1950 – July 1956)
 * 🇦🇹 Adolf Patek (July 1956 – April 1958)
 * 🇩🇪 Paul Oßwald (April 1958 – April 1964)
 * Ivica Horvat (April 1964 – June 1965)
 * 🇷🇴 Elek Schwartz (July 1965 – June 1968)
 * 🇩🇪 Erich Ribbeck (July 1968 – June 1973)
 * 🇩🇪 Dietrich Weise (July 1973 – June 1976)
 * 🇩🇪 Hans-Dieter Roos (July 1976 – November 1976)
 * 🇭🇺 Gyula Lóránt (November 1976 – November 1977)
 * 🇩🇪 Jürgen Grabowski (December 1977) (caretaker)
 * 🇩🇪 Dettmar Cramer (December 1977 – June 1978)
 * 🇩🇪 Otto Knefler (July 1978 – December 1978)
 * 🇩🇪 Udo Klug (December 1978 – January 1979) (caretaker)
 * 🇩🇪 Friedel Rausch (January 1979 – June 1980)
 * 🇩🇪 Lothar Buchmann (July 1980 – June 1982)
 * 🇦🇹 Helmut Senekowitsch (July 1982 – September 1982)
 * Branko Zebec (September 1982 – October 1983)
 * 🇩🇪 Jürgen Grabowski (October 1983) (caretaker)
 * 🇩🇪 Klaus Mank (October 1983) (caretaker)
 * 🇩🇪 Dietrich Weise (October 1983 – December 1986)
 * 🇩🇪 Timo Zahnleiter (December 1986 – June 1987)
 * 🇩🇪 Karl-Heinz Feldkamp (July 1987 – September 1988)
 * 🇭🇺 Pál Csernai (September 1988 – December 1988)
 * 🇩🇪 Jörg Berger (December 1988 – April 1991)
 * Dragoslav Stepanović (April 1991 – March 1993)
 * 🇩🇪 Horst Heese (March 1993 – June 1993)
 * 🇩🇪 Klaus Toppmöller (July 1993 – April 1994)
 * 🇩🇪 Charly Körbel (April 1994 – June 1994) (caretaker)
 * 🇩🇪 Jupp Heynckes (July 1994 – April 1995)
 * 🇩🇪 Charly Körbel (April 1995 – March 1996)
 * Dragoslav Stepanović (April 1996 – December 1996)
 * 🇩🇪 Rudolf Bommer (December 1996) (caretaker)
 * 🇩🇪 Horst Ehrmantraut (December 1996 – December 1998)
 * 🇩🇪 Bernhard Lippert (December 1998 – January 1999) (caretaker)
 * 🇩🇪 Reinhold Fanz (December 1998 – April 1999)
 * 🇩🇪 Jörg Berger (April 1999 – December 1999)
 * 🇩🇪 Felix Magath (December 1999 – January 2001)
 * 🇩🇪 Rolf Dohmen (January 2001 – April 2001) (caretaker)
 * 🇩🇪 Friedel Rausch (April 2001 – May 2001)
 * 🇨🇭 Martin Andermatt (June 2001 – March 2002)
 * 🇩🇪 Armin Kraaz (March 2002 – May 2002) (caretaker)
 * 🇩🇪 Willi Reimann (July 2002 – May 2004)
 * 🇩🇪 Friedhelm Funkel (July 2004 – June 2009)
 * 🇩🇪 Michael Skibbe (July 2009 – March 2011)
 * 🇩🇪 Christoph Daum (March 2011 – May 2011)
 * 🇩🇪 Armin Veh (July 2011 – July 2014)
 * 🇩🇪 Thomas Schaaf (July 2014 – June 2015)
 * 🇩🇪 Armin Veh (June 2015 – March 2016)
 * 🇭🇷 Niko Kovač (March 2016 – June 2018)
 * 🇦🇹 Adi Hütter (July 2018 – June 2021)
 * 🇦🇹 Oliver Glasner (July 2021 – June 2023)
 * 🇩🇪 Dino Toppmöller (June 2023 – present)

Records

 * Home victory, Bundesliga: 9–1 v Rot-Weiss Essen, 5 October 1974
 * Away victory, Bundesliga: 8–1 v Rot-Weiss Essen, 7 May 1977
 * Home loss, Bundesliga: 0–7 v Karlsruher SC, 19 September 1964
 * Away loss, Bundesliga: 0–7 v 1. FC Köln, 29 October 1983
 * Highest home attendance: 81,000 v FK Pirmasens, 23 May 1959
 * Highest away attendance: 127,621 v Real Madrid, Hampden Park, Glasgow, 18 May 1960
 * Highest average attendance, season: 49,176, 2016–17
 * Most appearances, all competitions total: 720, Charly Körbel (1972–1991)
 * Most appearances, Bundesliga: 602, Charly Körbel (1972–1991)
 * Most goals scored, all competitions total: 225, Karl Ehmer (1927–1938)
 * Most goals scored, Bundesliga: 160, Bernd Hölzenbein (1967–1981)
 * Most goals scored, season, Bundesliga: 28, André Silva, 2020–21
 * Richard Kress, (born 6 March 1925) is the oldest Bundesliga rookie, making his debut at 38 years and 171 days on the opening day of league play on 24 August 1963. He scored his first Bundesliga goal at 38 years and 248 days of age.
 * Eintracht hold the record for most consecutive away games without a win (32) from 20 August 1985 to 25 August 1987.

Stadium

The club's initial games from 1899 to 1906 were played on the former Hundswiese field, whose present day location would be near Hessischer Rundfunk. Following new regulations that pitches needed to be surrounded by a fence for the purpose of official games, the team established a new pitch by the Eschersheimer Landstraße called Victoriaplatz in 1906, for which they purchased stands at a price of 350 marks in 1908. From 1912 the team moved to a new ground at Roseggerstraße in Dornbusch with more facilities, before relocating to the former Riederwaldstadion in 1920 following the fusion of Frankfurter FV and Frankfurter Turngemeinde von 1861.

The ground was inaugurated as Waldstadion ("Forest Stadium") in 1925 with the German championship final match between FSV Frankfurt vs. 1. FC Nürnberg.

The facility was renovated for the FIFA World Cup 2006 in Germany. , for Bundesliga fixtures the maximum capacity is 58,000.

Though the media usually refer to the ground by the official name, Deutsche Bank Park, Eintracht fans faithful typically use the original name, Waldstadion.

Reserve team
Eintracht Frankfurt U21 is the reserve team of Eintracht Frankfurt. The team played as U23 (Under 23) to emphasize the character of the team as a link between the youth academy and professional team. The club board decided to dissolve the team after the 2013–14 season while playing in the regular league system in the fourth tier, the Regionalliga Süd. On 14 February 2022, Eintracht Frankfurt applied to have a reserves team to be re-admitted to the 5th tier Hessenliga for the 2022–23 season. In the first season after being re-admitted, Frankfurt II won the Hessenliga and got promoted to the Regionalliga Südwest, where they play now.

Rivalries and friendships

The club's main rival is from across the Main river, the side Kickers Offenbach. The clubs played the 1959 German championship final, which Eintracht won.

Eintracht also maintain rivalries with Darmstadt 98 regionally, known as the Hesse derby, as well with 1. FSV Mainz 05 and 1. FC Kaiserslautern in Rhineland-Palatinate.

The club's original rival was Frankfurt city-rival FSV Frankfurt. In both clubs' early years, there used to be a fierce rivalry, but after World War II Eintracht proved to be the stronger club and the ways parted and the rivalry deteriorated due to lack of contact. Nowadays, the fan relations tend to be friendly. The 2011–12 season saw Eintracht play FSV in a league match for the first time in almost 50 years. The last league game between the two had been played on 27 January 1962, then in the Oberliga Süd. For the first of the two matches, FSV's home game on 21 August 2011, the decision was made to move to Eintracht's stadium as FSV's Bornheimer Hang only holds less than 11,000 spectators. Eintracht won 4–0. The second match on 18 February 2012 ended in another victory for Eintracht, a 6–1 rout.

A friendship between two Eintracht fan clubs and supporters of English club Oldham Athletic has lasted for over 30 years after fans from each club met at an international football tournament. Small sections of each club's support will pay a visit to the other's ground at least once a season. Eintracht supporters also have an international friendship with supporters of Italian club Atalanta.

Other sections within the club
The sports club Eintracht Frankfurt e.V. is made up of nineteen sections:

 * 1) Gymnastics (since 22 January 1861)
 * 2) Football (since 8 March 1899)
 * 3) Athletics (since 1899)
 * 4) Field hockey (since 1906 as "1.Frankfurter Hockeyclub)
 * 5) Boxing (since 1919)
 * 6) Tennis (since spring 1920)
 * 7) Handball (since 1921)
 * 8) Rugby (since summer 1923 – see Eintracht Frankfurt Rugby)
 * 9) Table tennis (since November 1924)
 * 10) Basketball (since 4 June 1954)
 * 11) Ice stock sport (since 9 December 1959)
 * 12) Volleyball (since July 1961)
 * 13) Football supporter's section (since 11 December 2000)
 * 14) Ice hockey (1959 to 1991 and again since 1 July 2002)
 * 15) Darts (since 1 July 2006)
 * 16) Triathlon (since January 2008)
 * 17) Ultimate (since 2015)
 * 18) Table football (since July 2016)
 * 19) Esports (since June 2019)

Betty Heidler, the hammer throw world champion of 2007, was a member of the Eintracht Frankfurt athletics team. Other Eintracht athletes include the 2008 Olympians Andrea Bunjes, Ariane Friedrich, Kamghe Gaba and Kathrin Klaas.

The club's rugby union section twice reached the final of the German rugby union championship, in 1940 and 1965.

Within the football section, the sports club directly manages only the youth system and the reserve team. The professional footballers are managed as a separate limited corporation, Eintracht Frankfurt Fußball-AG, which is a subsidiary of the parent club.

title: Eintracht Frankfurt


text:
User talk:Svenny

Hi Svenny, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Thanks for cleaning up Copper extraction, keep contributing! If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out the Help centre, the FAQs, or the Manual of Style; otherwise, don't hesitate to ask questions at my talk page, or at the Village Pump.

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It's also a good idea to sign the new user log and add a little about yourself.

When contributing to a talk page, it is a good idea to sign your name by typing four tildes after your comments, like this: ~. This will autmatically add your username and a timestamp. Please do not add this signature to encyclopedia articles you may edit, even if you have created them. Wikipedia articles are owned by the community, not by any one person.

Above all, have fun!

TPK 23:51, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Svenny


text:
Alan Stevenson

Alan Stevenson FRSE MInstCE (28 April 1807 – 23 December 1865) was a Scottish civil engineer, known for designing and building lighthouses in and around Scotland.

Life
Alan Stevenson was born in Edinburgh on 28 April 1807, the eldest son of Jean Smith and her husband (and step-brother) Robert Stevenson. With his father, and brothers David and Thomas, he was part of the notable family of Engineers and lighthouse builders. The writer Robert Louis Stevenson was his nephew.

He was educated at the High School in Edinburgh. In 1821, he attended the University of Edinburgh to study Latin, Greek and mathematics with a view to becoming a member of the clergy. However, 2 years later in 1823, he decided to pursue a career in engineering and began a four-year apprenticeship at his father's business.

Between 1843 and 1853 he built 13 lighthouses in and around Scotland. Among his notable works is the Skerryvore Lighthouse.

He was Engineer in Chief to the Northern Lighthouse Board from 1843 to 1853.

In 1838 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer being James David Forbes. In 1840 the University of Glasgow conferred on him an honorary LLB degree.

He died at 13 Pitt Street (later renamed Pittville St) in Portobello on 23 December 1865.

He is buried in the Stevenson family vault in New Calton Cemetery with his wife, Margaret Scott Jones. The vault lies midway along the eastern wall.

Publications

 * Biographical Sketches of the Late Robert Stevenson (1861)

Family
On 11 September 1844, he married Margaret Scott Jones (1813–1895), daughter of Jean (née Scott) and Humphrey Herbert Jones of Anglesey. They had three daughters, Jean, Dorothea and the author and journalist Katherine Elizabeth de Mattos Stevenson (1851–1939), and one son, art critic Robert Alan Mowbray Stevenson (1827–1880).

He was uncle to Robert Louis Stevenson, Charles Alexander Stevenson and David Alan Stevenson.

Lighthouses by Alan Stevenson

 * Little Ross (1843)
 * Isle of May Low Light (1843)
 * Skerryvore (1844)
 * Covesea Skerries (1846)
 * Chanonry Point (1846)
 * Cromarty (1846)
 * Cairn Point, Loch Ryan (1847)
 * Noss Head (1849)
 * Ardnamurchan (1849)
 * Sanda (1850)
 * Hestan Island (1850)
 * Hoy High and Hoy Low, Graemsay (1851)
 * Arnish Point (1853)
 * Eilean Musdile (Lismore)

Publications

 * Biographical Sketch of the Late Robert Stevenson: Civil Engineer, read at the Royal Society of Edinburgh, at the meeting of 17 February 1851. From Google Book Search
 * A Rudimentary Treatise on the History, Construction and Illumination of Lighthouses, 1850, from Google Book Search

Family Tree
Alan's position in the Stevenson family tree.

title: Alan Stevenson


text:
Category talk:Social networking services

undated unsigned
Anyone heard of buddiester?

Merge to Category:Virtual_communities?
I don't think this is the best name for this category...shouldn't it at least be "online social networking"? Simple "social networking" doesn't at all limit it to what its content actually is. Postdlf 23:52, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * As far as I can tell, there isn't any difference between "social networking" (sn) and "virtual communities" (vc). Does anyone have rambot experience that could change everything categorized as sn and convert it to vc? --J. J. 18:43, 2005 August 30 (UTC)
 * Category has now been renamed from "Social networking" to "Online social networking" per CFD. --RobertG ♬ talk 14:20, 21 November 2006 (UTC)

Do Me a Favor Buddy name change?
Is buddiester the old name for domeafavorbuddy.com?

 * no. I reverted. get crunk  juice  21:54, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

Request for inclusion
Was wondering if it would be possible to include Emo Scene (www.emoscene.com). It's a social networking site designed specifically for emo kids. slipXaway

Re: Request For Inclusion
I seconds that request. ^^- User:Albert_Mond

Forecourt
On Radio Four on May 31 2011, I heard about a new social networking website called Forecourt. If any one knows anything about it, it could be included here. ACEOREVIVED (talk) 23:31, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

I have a feeling that I may have been tninking of Foursquare! ACEOREVIVED (talk) 09:25, 1 June 2011 (UTC)


text:
Belemnites

Belemnites may refer to:
 * Belemnitida, an extinct order of cephalopods commonly known as "belemnites"
 * Belemnites (genus), a belemnite genus from the Early Jurassic

title: Belemnites


text:
User talk:Bradlegar

Hi Bradlegar, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Thankyou for finding the time to sign up and contribute to our little project. If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out the Help centre, the FAQs, or the Manual of Style; otherwise, don't hesitate to ask questions at my talk page, or at the Village Pump.

The most important thing to remember is to be bold when editing and creating pages!

It's also a good idea to sign the new user log and add a little about yourself.

When contributing to a talk page, it is a good idea to sign your name by typing four tildes after your comments, like this: ~. This will autmatically add your username and a timestamp. Please do not add this signature to encyclopedia articles you may edit, even if you have created them. Wikipedia articles are owned by the community, not by any one person.

Above all, have fun!

TPK 23:54, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Arrogant Worms
I'd only seen the DVD on the shelf and didn't know there was a CD as well. I just went looking (as a sanity check for myself), and according to their page, the DVD is indeed a new release. — Saxifrage | ☎ 04:46, Apr 4, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bradlegar


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Offal

Offal was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was to keep the rewritten version. Rossami 21:11, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

dicdef Delete been on cleanup for a month Sc147 23:57, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Alternatively, merge with Garbage Plate. Just joking. Delete . KeepIanb 00:01, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Not up to Wiktionary standards, just a dictdef. Geogre 12:37, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I've expanded it, please look at it again. I'd say it has gone from a dic. def. to a stub... could still be expanded further and grow into a decent article. ike9898 15:20, Jul 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, now a valid stub. - SimonP 17:10, Jul 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, this is starting to look good, keep. - Eisnel 19:22, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. bbx 02:23, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep new superstub. -- Cyrius|✎ 03:19, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep this. -phma 22:31, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Offal