text:
Talk:Abel Prize

All-world recipients
About the most recent change: Is it really necessary to specify that the mathematicians can be of any nationality? I would have thought the omission of any restrictions implied it? MasterDirk

 * I included that because I had put in the fact that the King of Norway awards the prize. I thought that might be misunderstood to imply that the recipient needs to be a Norwegian. Michael Hardy 16:36, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * It's not wrong in any way, I'm just not sure that the original text implied the price was Norwegians-only. But, I guess, as long as the text only gets clearer by this change I'll agree with you. Now, there's no way it could be construed to mean .no only, and that's a good thing :)MasterDirk

 * No Norwegians-only implications in the original text, no. Personally, I must admit I would rather prefer to avoid such a statement. An ultraquick look at the list of recipients, no doubt a sure thing for all but the most extremely busy of readers, would easily dispel any Norwegians-only notions, whatever small chance of that existing in the first place. --Wernher 02:52, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Regarding the last edit (translating the initial funds into dollars)
Is it necessary? Is it a good thing? I know US$ is an important currency, certainly more important than NOK, but as WikiPedia isn't an American encyclopedia I feel it's somehow redundant and misguided. The money was set off in NOK, not in US$. I don't know whether non-Norwegians find NOK particularly difficult to handle, or whether it was added in an attempt to give casual readers a ballpark figure in their heads? Should we perhaps have the sum in € as well?

It would be a good idea to have the price in NOK with the Dollar (and perhaps Euro) equivalent in parenthesis. It is quite standard in world-class financial/commercial publications. Always use the original currency in the text. Hugo Dufort 06:57, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Yeah its a good idea, automatic converters are here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:To_USD, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:To_EUR For example: ($0, increased from $0). It looks a bit fussy when accurate to the nearest $ in numeric form, when the original is millions Billwoo2011 (talk) 19:56, 12 January 2021 (UTC)

Awarding vs. presenting
The King does not award the prize, he merely presents it (if he is able to attend the ceremony). The prize is awarded by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. --Niels Henrik Abel 19:22, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed. I changed the text accordingly. Hanche 17:17, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

In support of today's edit by User:Cronholm144
This page must be considered somewhat authoritative, and supports the reversal. (Hmm, how can I refer to a particular edit of a Wikipedia article?) Hanche 17:17, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

Abel Prize versus Fields Medal
Its wrong to establish that the Abel Prize is widely recognized the most prestigious, ask most professional mathematicians and they`ll say its the Fields Medal. It has a most rich history and the actual manner in which is awarded make it most prestigious, since is the International Mathematical Union that gives the award, not a National Academy or Goverment.

 * What do you think about the new wording, which doesn't explicitly compare them? — Carl (CBM · talk) 02:14, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree that it is better not to call it the most prestigious: The current wording is a definite improvement. But I'd rather delete the sentence about the Fields medal; it doesn't quite belong, even though it is indeed perhaps the most prestigious award next to the Abel prize. (I don't agree with CBM's assessment of the the relative prestige of the two prizes: For one, because of the age limit on the Fields medal they do not quite compete in the same “market”, and secondly, the prestige will be slowly accumulated or eroded over time, depending on how well the committee handles their job. But this minor disagreement should not spill into the main page.) Hanche (talk) 18:44, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't really know which one is more "prestigious"; we can probably agree the Fields medal is better established. I don't mind if the sentence about the Fields medal is removed from the lede. — Carl (CBM · talk) 19:29, 19 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Done. And I agree. 8-) Hanche (talk) 06:44, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Seems like the Abel Prize is more prestigious since it's $992,000 USD vs $15,000 USD for the Fields Medal, and there is no age limit like Fields Medal has--71.163.31.116 (talk) 03:29, 16 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Prestigiousness is hard to quantify, and its source is harder to track down (I think), but surely, the amount of the award and the lack of an age limit is not sufficient. Indeed, it is possible to effectively destroy the prize by repeatedly awarding it to clearly undeserving candidates – which is one reason why the committee is recruited from among the world's top mathematicians. In any case, this is too subjective a topic to include in an encyclopedia article. Hanche (talk) 19:49, 17 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I added the following sentence on prestige (before reading this discussion, I'm afraid, and for which I apologise): "According to a reputation survey conducted in 2013 and 2014, it is the most prestigious international academic award in mathematics." This sentence is supported by these two references. I think this adds information that is interesting to readers, but the difference between the Abel Prize and the Fields Medal in terms of reputation is small. I'm happy to defer to others as to whether this sentence stays or goes. 14.202.71.30 (talk) 23:29, 11 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Thats a good addition and a good source. Well done. oknazevad (talk) 00:34, 12 March 2018 (UTC)

Was there a 2002 Abel prize?
The article states:

"In August 2001, the Norwegian government announced that the prize would be awarded beginning in 2002, the two-hundredth anniversary of Abel's birth."

But the table of winners begins with 2003. Was there, or wasn't there, an Abel prize awarded in 2002?Daqu (talk) 18:19, 28 June 2008 (UTC)

 * There wasn't; see the official site of the Abel prize. It is true that the creation of the prize was announced in 2001, and I believe it was the intention to award the first prize in 2002, but that there wasn't enough time to pull it off. After all, one needed to invite nominations, create a committee, and give the committee time to do its work. Not to mention the minor detail that the parliament had to actually grant NOK 200,000,000 first. Hanche (talk) 02:14, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

The amount awarded
The latest edit concerning the size of the prize is surely inflated, though I am not sure I feel like correcting it. After all, exchange rates vary, and who wants to update the amount all the time? What is fixed is the amount of the prize in Norwegian kroner, namely six million. Based on today's exchange rate, as well as I can establish, that is about USD 877,000 or EUR 667,000, somewhat lower than what is stated. What's a good solution? Clearly, we cannot take the word of some random news agency here. Hanche (talk) 19:49, 30 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I know that wikia.com has a sort of script to automatically update prices and calculate profits and costs and such, see the table here: http://runescape.wikia.com/wiki/Dragon_scale_dust

 * It would be interesting to see if Wikipedia can make use of something like this.

Leaks
This is wikipedia, not wikileaks. Let's keep this year's laureate off the page until the recipient has been officially declared, shall we? This is the second time in a row the news has leaked here. Sheesh. Hanche (talk) 11:06, 24 March 2010 (UTC)
 * And like last year, the leaker appears from the IP address to be at École normale supériure de Lyon. Hanche (talk) 12:11, 24 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Like last year, the laureate's name could be found on Abel comitee's website before the official announcement. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.77.141.125 (talk) 12:56, 24 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the information. I didn't even know the Abel committee had a website. Or are you talking about the official web site of the Abel prize? But that wasn't updated before the announcement either, as far as I could tell. Now I am really curious. Please enlighten me. Hanche (talk) 13:59, 24 March 2010 (UTC)
 * So I guess it's a bad time to inform wikipedia that Milnor will receive it tomorrow? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.226.61.249 (talk) 18:09, 22 March 2011 (UTC)
 * You don't know to leave well enough alone, do you? Hanche (talk) 09:38, 23 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Hmm, the official website is a lot better this year; I fear we'll have to wait for the official announcement. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.77.141.79 (talk) 09:35, 21 March 2012 (UTC)

Flags
There seems to be a minor edit war going on, with the US flag being alternately removed and added next to Endre Szemerédi's name. Could we please try to establish some principle for the use of these flags? If it's to be based on citizenship, I don't think the US flag belongs, as I haven't seen any evidence that Szemerédi has become a US citizen. But if it based on affiliation, it's okay, since he has been a professor at Rutgers University since 1986. Can anybody point to established wikipedia policy indicating what's right? Or should we just forget about those flags, and remove them all? Hanche (talk) 16:49, 1 April 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't know if there's a policy, but actually every solution has pros and contras. Taking citizenship is clear and easy (one either has another or not), but may cause some problems if he gets another one, or is revoked later, whatever. Taking the affiliation is great as well, since one may have not been able to get those results if it would not be connected to the institute. However, what do we mean under affiliation? Does one need a specific rank or a period of time of collaborating to qualify for that? There might also be other uncommon but not impossible things like one may have more citizenships during his life without moving away from his hometown (because of wars, dissolutions of countries, etc); or having a key position in more than one university/country during the period one achieves the results for what it gets the award (international cooperation, or something). Putting these together makes me think that removing the flags would be the best solution, as these might be incorrect and misleading even if they are added with the best faith, and may be a ground of further conflicts. If one is deeply interested in the life of the awardees, the information – that cannot be covered by adding a flag – may well be found in the bio articles. — Thehoboclown (talk) 14:21, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
 * MOS:FLAG provide some basis. Since the meaning attached to the flags in this context is indeed not clear, I support the removal. -- SchreyP (messages) 20:12, 10 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the reference. I'll wait a few days, and if nobody comes up with a good reason to keep the flags, and can give a solid policy for their usage, I'll remove them. Hanche (talk) 15:39, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Going to remove the flags now. Hanche (talk) 18:11, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

I reverted two recent edits by User:39.54.118.249, as these edits appear to have been done while disregarding the present section on the discussion page. I think this is bad form. Next time, please discuss the proposed change here first, giving your reasons. Hanche (talk) 15:58, 31 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Reverted edits again, for the same reason. Anonymous user in the same IP range. Hanche (talk) 19:58, 6 April 2013 (UTC)
 * The Abel prize is awarded to individuals, not to countries or to national representatives. Following WP:MOSFLAG and the discussion above, there is clear consensus against flags, and adding them without discussion leading to a new consensus is disruptive.  Deltahedron (talk) 08:49, 21 April 2013 (UTC)

Two false references removed
Tomcat7 added two references which have no relation to the material they are supporting. I've previously encountered this same behavior over at Friedrich Eckenfelder and I am encountering it here again. According to the nomination review the references were not listing the material they supported. Tomcat7 added these personally. Edit in question. Here is the other.  Edit: They have been fixed with the removal of one and the proper source on the other. ChrisGualtieri (talk) 14:41, 22 December 2012 (UTC)

Indian American?
I am pretty sure it is not possible to have dual citizenship as per Indian law. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:388:201:3310:FC58:D512:3682:E751 (talk) 19:45, 26 April 2013 (UTC)

2002 (honorary) Abel Prize
There is no mention to Atle Selberg's honorary Abel Prize of 2002 in this article. Why is that? Just because no one bothered to add it, or is there some reason to omit it? If no one objects, I will add a mention to it (with source: http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Selberg.html ), Sincerely, Thetootpoem (talk) 08:29, 7 May 2015 (UTC)

 * It makes sense to add a mention of it, but a more authoritative source is http://www.abelprisen.no/nedlastning/abelprisen_2003-2007/history_and_honorary_abel_prize.pdf – and also the book “The Abel Prize 2003–2007” (currently reference 12 in the main article), pp. 7–9. But please do not add him to the list of Abel laureates: The honorary prize to Selberg was (if I understand it correctly) awarded before the formal apparatus of the Abel Prize was established, so it is incorrect to call it by the name “Abel Prize”, at least without the “honorary” prefix. Note also that Selberg is not listed among the laurates on the Abel Prize web site. Hanche (talk) 16:09, 7 May 2015 (UTC)

 * Hi, the problem is that Wikipedia seems not to like primary sources. I agree that the web-site of the Abel Prize is the best source, but Wikipedia asks me to avoid it on the article about the Abel Prize itself (but it can be used at the article about Atle Selberg). Thetootpoem (talk) 02:42, 8 May 2015 (UTC)
 * BTW, done. It now reads: "Atle Selberg received an honorary Abel Prize in 2002, but the first actual Abel Prize was only awarded in 2003." Thetootpoem (talk) 02:54, 8 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Abel Prize. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120827093315/http://www.maa.org:80/devlin/devlin_04_04.html to http://www.maa.org/devlin/devlin_04_04.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 03:52, 30 August 2015 (UTC)

Never say the F-word! (as in 'Fields medal')
Is there a good reason why this article should not mention the Fields medal? If you google "nobel prize mathematics", you get plenty of references to either the Fields medal or the Abel prize (arguably more of the former - and none to other Mathematics awards). You can't say that one award is called "the Nobel prize of mathematics" without mentioning the other, otherwise the reader will get only half of the picture. The Fields medal article already mentions the Abel prize, and appropriately so; any compelling reason why this article shouldn't do the vice versa? --Deeday-UK (talk) 12:43, 18 March 2016 (UTC)
 * There is another one that was compared to the Nobel before the creation of the Abel. Reference : 189.63.168.111 (talk) 12:53, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

Well, many Fields medalists also received the Wolf, the same goes for many Abel prize winners, but the Wolf Prize contemplated giants such as Israel Gelfand, Henri Cartan, Andrey Kolmogorov, Shiing-Shen Chern, Vladimir Arnold. They did not receive Fields nor Abel, but their stature is same level as the Abel Prize winners, and since they can't receive the Abel anymore, because they are dead, the Wolf Prize deserves a mention too (notice that except for Kolmogorov, they all died after the creation of the Abel, and so could have received it -- this is not the case for Newton, Riemann, Gauss, etc...). Raulsko (talk) 13:10, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

As seen above, it was previously decided not to mention the Fields medal in this article. This article is about the Abel Prize, not about the unrelated Fields medal. The Abel Prize shares its origins to some extent with the Nobel Prizes, having been originally proposed at the same time in response to the lack of a Nobel Prize in mathematics and directly modelled after the Nobel Prizes, being awarded in Norway (one of the two Nobel countries) and even in the very room where one of the Nobel Prizes was awarded previously. The Fields medal on the other hand has no relation to the Nobel Prize or to the Abel Prize, and is specifically a prize for early-career junior scientists, and thus absolutely not comparable with the Nobel Prizes or the Abel Prize which are not early-career prizes and which are almost never awarded to people in the age group who receive Fields medals. Also, the last paragraph of the introduction is really about the Abel Prize being modelled after the Nobel Prizes and the history of how it was conceived (in response to the Nobel Prizes in 1899), and mentioning other completely unrelated and different prizes in the middle of the paragraph just derails it. --Bjerrebæk (talk) 17:50, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Bjerrebæk, you are stating the obvious that this article is about the Abel Prize; I was suggesting to add a single mention of the Fields medal; how can that 'derail' anything? Do you think the Grammy Award article is 'derailed' by the mention of Emmy, Tony Awards etc in the lead? The previous discussion referred to an edit that was clumsy and unnecessary (about which award is the most prestigious – that's irrelevant). In fact the two awards are related because a large number of sources refer to both of them as 'Nobel Prize for Mathematics', and that's enough to warrant a mention on Wikipedia. Your latest edit circumvents the problem by avoiding the expression 'Nobel Prize for Mathematics'; do you see that as an improvement? --Deeday-UK (talk) 16:53, 20 March 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't see it as necessary to use the expression "Nobel Prize for Mathematics" when the prize's relationship to the Nobel Prize can be described in a more precise and accurate way. Mentioning an unrelated prize for junior scientists, which is very different from both the Abel Prize and the Nobel Prize, in the middle of that discussion does indeed derail such a discussion and is unnecessary. I don't see what the article on the Abel Prize has to gain by mentioning the Fields medal in the introduction. The only reason for mentioning one other prize here, the Nobel Prize, is because the Abel Prize is deliberately modelled after (and very similar to) the Nobel Prize and conceived in response to it in 1899. The Abel Prize has no such relationship to any other prizes, and the introduction of this article is not supposed to be a list or discussion of all important prizes that exist in the field of mathematics. There are other articles for that. There is a fundamental difference between a prize awarded to early-career scientists below the age of 40, and a prize awarded to the most distinguished scientists in a field, such as the Abel and Nobel prizes. --Bjerrebæk (talk) 15:58, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

 * you are repeating yourself almost line by line. You may not like it, but the Abel Prize is commonly described as the "Nobel Prize for Mathematics", and so is the Fields medal (look at all the sources); the article should reflect this simple fact, not some editor's narrow views. However, if the simple mention of the F-word troubles you because you think it would contaminate this precious little corner of Norwegian purity on Wikipedia, I won't insist. The current text is passable – albeit incomplete – and I don't feel like starting an edit war over it. --Deeday-UK (talk) 18:32, 24 March 2016 (UTC)

Criticism of the (lack of) diversity of recipients
This article has gone through a number of reversions that I do not understand. I added a section that states that among the mathematical community (of which I am a professional member), there is discontent that recipients are overwhelmingly white and male. This is the same criticism that has been leveled against the Nobel Prize and the Fields Medal as well, and (because the latter two are much more widely known) has been discussed extensively in the public media. The addition of this section can be seen here:.

The addition of this section was then reverted by User:Sea Cow in because it did not have a reliable source. We went around this a number of times on Sea Cow's talk page at, at the end of which Sea Cow agreed to a specific reference. I re-added the section in with the reference and with Sea Cow's blessing.

But the new section was then reverted again by User:Pnuffian, again with a suggestion of an unreliable source. User:MaxnaCarta re-instated the section with the tag "unexplained content removal", but User:Pnuffian simply removed the whole section again, simply stating "Deleted section for not providing a reliable source". I pointed out the previous discussion at and re-instated the section stating "re-add a section: A previous discussion with editor @seacow had led to a acceptable resolution for the section. @pnuffian's change was to undo the acceptable resolution" in the commit message, just to find that User:Carpathianflorist removed the section again three days later with no message at all.

Can we have a discussion about what we want to do? We can't be going back and forth about this forever, and more specifically (as the original author) I would love to know (i) what exactly is wrong with pointing out something that is widely discussed in the community and plain obvious by just looking at the pictures of the Prize recipients, and (ii) why people consider the link to the news article as insufficient? --Bangerth (talk) 20:21, 15 July 2022 (UTC)

 * I’m a recent changes patroller. I wasn’t getting involved in any content dispute. I nothing about these changes, all I saw was a removal without sufficient edit summary. I revert these changes quickly and editors are welcome to revert my changes if I made a mistake. My edit shouldn’t help in forming consensus because the substance was not why I reverted. I reverted an edit without a summary that was flagged by redwarn, that’s all. Cheers all. MaxnaCarta (talk) 02:53, 16 July 2022 (UTC)
 * I removed it because "of which I am a professional member", is not a a reliable source per WP:CITE and neither seemed to be the one website cited in the section (kifinfo). You are welcome to add it back with reliable sources.
 * I normally would've left a edit reason but accidentally clickled through it (and you can't add one afterwards). ~  car path ian flo rist  10:50, 19 July 2022 (UTC)
 * What I struggle with in my quest for this section (read a smiley-face here) is that the section keeps getting reverted because the reverting editor says "the website is not a reliable source". But I fail to understand why. What is it that you find unreliable about the website? After some go-around, @Sea Cow thought that it was acceptable. Bangerth (talk) 02:54, 5 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Abel Prize


text:
Pierre Louis Roederer

Comte Pierre Louis Roederer (15 February 1754 – 17 December 1835) was a French politician, economist, and historian, politically active in the era of the French Revolution and First French Republic. Roederer's son, Baron Antoine Marie Roederer (1782–1865), also became a noted political figure.

Early activities
Born in Metz, the son of a magistrate, he studied law at the University of Strasbourg, and, at the age of twenty-five, became councillor at the parlement of Metz (in exchange for 32,000 livres), and was commissioned in 1787 to draw up a list of remonstrances. During the period, he became an admirer of the economist Adam Smith, and helped make his works known in France. His 1787 work Suppression des douanes intérieures advocated the suppression of internal customs houses; the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica describes it as "an elaborate treatise on the laws of commerce and on the theory of customs imposts".

On the proposition of Roederer, in 1787, the Royal Society of Science and Arts of Metz offered a prize for the best essay in answer to the question: "What are the best means to make the Jews happier and more useful in France?". Abbé Gregoire was one of three laureates with his Essay on the physical, moral and political regeneration of the Jews. It was the first step towards their emancipation, which was always defended by Roederer.

In 1788 he published the boldly liberal pamphlet Députation aux États généraux ("Deputation to the Estates-General"). Partly on the strength of this he was elected deputy to the Estates-General by the Third Estate of the bailliage of Metz. Although not present at the event of June 1789, Roederer was sketched by Jacques-Louis David into his drawing of the Tennis Court Oath.

In the National Constituent Assembly, Roederer was a member of the committee of taxes (comité des contributions), prepared a scheme for a new system of taxation, drew up a law on patents, occupied himself with the laws relating to revenue stamps and assignats, and was successful in opposing the introduction of an income tax.

Paris Directory and hiding
After the close of the Constituent Assembly, he was elected, on 11 November 1791, procureur général syndic of the département of Paris. The directory of the département, of which the Duc de la Rochefoucauld d'Enville was president, was at this time in pronounced opposition to the radical views that dominated the Legislative Assembly and the Jacobin Club, and Roederer was not altogether in touch with his colleagues. For example, he took no share in signing their protest against the law against the non-juring clergy as a violation of religious liberty.

But the directory did not long survive: with the growing revolutionary opposition in the capital, many of its members resigned and fled, and their places could not be filled. Roederer himself left in his Chronique des cinquante jours ("Chronicle of fifty days", 1832) an account of the pitiable part played by the directory of the département in the critical period between the failed insurrection of 20 June 1792 and the successful insurrection of 10 August.

Seeing the perilous drift of things, he had tried to get into touch with King Louis XVI, and it was on his advice that the latter took refuge in the Assembly on the same 10 August. Roederer himself fell under suspicion and went into hiding during the Reign of Terror, emerging again only after the fall of Maximilien Robespierre and the start of the Thermidorian Reaction.

Consulate, Empire, and later life
In 1796, he was made a member of the Académie française, was appointed to a professorship of political economy, and founded the Journal d'économie publique, de morale et de legislation. Having escaped deportation at the time of the coup d'état of 18 Fructidor, he took part in organizing Napoleon Bonaparte's 18 Brumaire Coup—alongside Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, Saint-Jean d'Angély, and Count Volnay—and wrote the Adresse aux Parisiens (Napoleon's speech to the people of Paris, given immediately after the coup).

He was appointed by Napoleon member of the council of state and senator. Roederer and Talleyrand contributed to Charles-François Lebrun's rise past Sieyès, and the former's appointment as Consul. In 1800, Roederer was Minister Plenipotentiary to the Batavian and Helvetic Republics. He received the Legion of Honor in 1803, and was made a Grand Officier in December 1807.

Under the Empire, Roederer, whose public influence was very considerable, was Joseph Bonaparte's minister of finance in the Kingdom of Naples (1806), assistant of Joseph in Spain (1809), administrator of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1810), and imperial commissary in the south of France. During the Hundred Days he was created a Peer of France.

The Bourbon Restoration government stripped him of his offices and dignities, and he became mayor of La Ferté-sous-Jouarre in April 1816. He recovered the title of Peer in 1832, following the July Revolution of 1830. He died in Bursard, Orne.

Works

 * Dialogue concernant le colportage des marchandises (1783)
 * En quoi consiste la prospérité d'un pays (1787)
 * De la députation aux États généraux (1788)
 * Discours de M. Rœderer, conseiller au parlement de Metz, prononcé a l'Assemblée nationale, a la séance du 17 novembre, au soir (1789)
 * Observations sur l'élection d'un prétendu député de la ville de Metz aux États-généraux (1789)
 * De la propriété considérée dans ses rapports avec les droits politiques (1792)
 * Discours de M. Rœderer, prononcé à la Société des amis de la constitution, dans sa séance du dimanche 22 avril 1792, l'an 4e. de la liberté (1792)
 * Mémoires sur l'administration du département de Paris (1795)
 * Des institutions funéraires convenables à une république (1795)
 * De l'intérêt des comités de la Convention (1795)
 * Mémoires d'économie publique, de morale et de politique. Tome premier (2 parts, 1799)
 * De la philosophie moderne et de la part qu'elle a eue à la Révolution francaise, ou, Examen de la brochure publiée par Rivarol sur la philosophie moderne (1799)
 * Opuscules de littérature et de philosophie (3 parts, 1800-04)
 * Discours sur le droit de propriéte, lus au Lycée les 9 décembre 1800 et 18 janvier 1801 (1801)
 * La première et deuxième année du Consulat de Bonaparte (1802)
 * Petits écrits concernant de grands écrivains (1803)
 * Observations morales et politiques sur les journaux détracteurs du 18e siècle, de la philosophie & de la Révolution (1805)
 * Louis XII (1820)
 * Louis XII et François Ier", ou Mémoires pour servir à une nouvelle histoire de leur règne. Tome premier; Tome second; Tome troisième (1825-1833)
 * Comédies historiques, de Louis XII à la mort de Henri IV (3 parts, 1827-30) :
 * Le Marguillier de Saint-Eustache (1819)
 * Le Fouet de nos pères
 * La Saint Barthélémy
 * Les deux premières années du consulat de Bonaparte (1821)
 * Comédies historiques (1827, nouvelle édition), Bevat: Le marguillier de Saint Eustache. Le fouet de nos pères, ou l'éducation de Louis XII en 1469. Le diamant de Charles-Quint. La mort de Henri IV, fragment d'histoire dialogué
 * Conséquences du système de Cour établi sous François Ier (1830)
 * Nouvelles bases d'élection (1830)
 * Le budget de Henri, III, ou, Les premiers Etats de Blois, comédie historique; précédée d'une dissertation sur la nature des querres qu'on a qualifiées de querres de religion dans le seizième siècle; suivie d'une notice nouvelle sur la vie de Henri III (1830)
 * L'Esprit de la Révolution de 1789, 235 p., Paris, 1831
 * Chronique de cinquante jours, du 20 juin au 10 août 1792, rédigée sur pièces authentiques, 456 p., Paris, 1832
 * Adresse d'un constitutionnel aux constitutionnels (1835)
 * Mémoires pour servir l'histoire de la société polie en France (1835)
 * Œuvres du comte P. L. Rœderer. Tome premier; Tome second; Tome troisième; Tome quatrième; Tome cinquième; Tome septième Tome huitième (publiée pas son fils, 1853-1859) (8 parts)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pierre Louis Roederer


text:
User:CoppBob

Background and Interests
Born 1921; widowed; residing in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

University of Michigan AB 1947 (political science); JD 1950 (law) Retired international labor affairs manager, Ford Motor Company

Interests include Abraham Lincoln, maps, railroad history, modern Germany, gays in the armed forces and in the Episcopal Church, pipe organ

Wikipedia Contributions
Contributed to these Wikipedia articles --

1921, Aelred of Hexham, Baseball, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Ford Foundation, Ford Motor Company, Homosexuality, Mansfield, Ohio, United States Air Force, United States Armed Forces, US 4th Infantry Division, Frankfurt

title: User:CoppBob


text:
Gond

Gond may refer to:

 * Gondi people, people of central India
 * Gondi language, the Dravidian language of the Gondi people
 * Gond (raga), a musical composition in the Sikh tradition
 * Gond (Forgotten Realms), a fictional deity in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting of the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game.
 * Gonds, a race in The Krotons, a serial in the television series Doctor Who

title: Gond


text:
Caribana

The Toronto Caribbean Carnival, formerly and affectionately known as Caribana, is a festival of Caribbean culture and traditions held each summer in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is a pan-Caribbean Carnival event and has been billed as North America's largest Festival, frequented by over 1.3 million tourists each year for the festival's Grand Parade and an overall attendance of 2.3 million.

Beginning in July, the multi-week festivities lead up to the parade which occurs over the Simcoe Day long weekend, the first weekend in August. The festival also coincides with August 1 Emancipation Day observances that commemorate the emancipation of slaves of African descent. The main stakeholders of the events are the Toronto Mas' Bands Association, the Organization of Calypso Performing Artistes, and the Ontario Steelpan Association.

Events
Several events occur over the course of the festivities celebrating Caribbean culture. While the Parade of Bands is the most-well known festivities, events vary per year and in the past has included exhibits (for example the first Caribana displayed every book published by a Caribbean writer, including Austin Clarke who was the centrepiece of the exhibition); theatre plays (such as Austin Clarke's "Children of the Scheme" which dealt with the plight of Caribbean women who came to Canada on the domestic immigrant worker scheme); and fashion shows.

Grand Parade
While the Caribbean Festival holds events over several weeks, the culmination of the Caribana event is the final weekend which is punctuated by the street Parade of Bands. This weekend traditionally coincides with the civic holiday in August. The street Parade of Bands consists of costumed dancers (called "Mas players") along with live Caribbean music being played from large speakers on the flat-bed of 18 wheeler trucks. Much of the music associated with the event, such as steel pan, soca and calypso. Floats can also be found which play chutney, dancehall and reggae music.

The bands are the most important part of the main Carnival parade. Each band displays an artistic theme through costume-making. In competition with one another during the parade, they pass a judging spot which will rate each band section for its costume design, the energy of masqueraders, the creativity of presentation and so on. Work on the costumes begin soon after the previous year's celebration and usually takes one full year to complete all of the costumes. As of 2017, Whitfield Belasco has led a band since his brother recruited him from the Trinidad Carnival to help organize the first Caribana in 1967. Louis Saldenah has actively participated in Caribana since 1977 and has been awarded the Band of the Year twenty times. A King and Queen of the Band is also judged, and winning is considered claiming the biggest prize of the festival.

In the 1970s, the parade route originally followed Bloor and Yonge Streets ending at Toronto City Hall concluding with a concert at Nathan Phillips Square. In the 1980s, the parade ran along Bay and University Avenue. Since 1991, when the parade shifted to Lake Shore Boulevard into Exhibition Place, In 1993, the Caribana Marketplace covered market was added at Marilyn Bell Park along the parade route. In 2009, barricades were introduced to separate the spectators from those playing mas.

In May 2010, the festival added a new initiative to involve post-secondary schools. The only college to participate was Centennial College School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culture, where they created a costume theme of the Tropical Amazon.

King and Queen Showcase
The night before the grande parade, all the kings and queens (leaders) of the bands compete on stage at Lamport Stadium to be named King and Queen of Carnival. Joella Crichton has been awarded Queen of the Carnival nine times and was subject of "Becoming a Queen" a ninety minute documentary which screened at the CaribbeanTales International Film Festival.

Calypso Monarch
Started in 1980, this judged event crowns a Calypso Monarch for the year.

J'ouvert
In addition to the main parade, the Caribbean community also celebrates a smaller pre-dawn parade known as J'ouvert (Pronounced "Jou-vay"). This too has been modelled after and taken from Caribbean festivals, such as the most popular Mas of Trinidad Carnival. In Caribbean French-creole this means "day open" or morning. The J'ouvert portion of Carnival is the more rhythmic part of the Carnival celebration and is usually featured with steelpan bands, and persons using improvised musical instruments. It is not usually accompanied by any singing but will have a lot of whistles and other music makers. Spectators and or persons "playing Mas" will occasionally get themselves covered from head-to-toe with mud, flour, baby powder, or different water-colored paints in the tradition of the Caribbean-based J'ouvert celebrations. In many instances, everyone in the band is supposed to resemble evil spirits while parading around at night. There are some common characters that are a part of Afro-Caribbean folklore and include things like Red Devils (people covered in red paints), Blue Devils (people covered in blue paints), Green devils, Black devils ( Jab Jab -traditionally portrayed in the Island of Grenada), Yellow devils, White devils, (usually people throwing baby powder or flour.) or people just covered in other concoctions which are supposed to resemble mud or oil.

Other events

 * Junior Carnival Parade: The junior carnival (commonly known as Kiddie Carnival) has run since, at least, the 1990s and provides an opportunity for young masquerades to dance through the streets. Similar to the grand parade, the junior carnival consists of a series of bands with leaders who display costumes in competition.
 * Junior King and Queen Showcase: This was introduced in 2017 to allow the Younger kids to showcase Jr King and Queen's at Malvern Town Centre before the Jr Grand Parade & Family Day.
 * Fêtes (parties): Leading up to the main parade a number of Caribbean music artists perform in Toronto. These parties are generally called "fêtes", for a French-Creole Caribbean word meaning "festival", and usually start in June/July.
 * Jump-ups (dances)
 * Picnics (Food Fest): Originally taking place on the Toronto Islands, the island picnics now occur at Ontario Place. Picnics are two days of feasting on rotis, jerk chicken and festival, callaloo, goat head soup, potato pudding, pelau, fried fish, cow foot, rum cakes; drinking sorrell, Mauby, and ginger beer; and dancing to music.
 * Calypso tents (shows)
 * Talk tents: Talk tents contain shows featuring storytellers, comedians and others well versed in oral traditions.
 * Gala (Carnival Ball): The gala, debuted in 2008, is an evening of elegance celebrating Carnival music, arts, and the works of the pioneers of the Caribana festival.
 * Pan blockos/blockorama (steel band street parties)

Origins
Caribana has run annually since 1967, first performed as a gift from Canada's Caribbean community, as a tribute to Canada's Centennial. Billing itself as a multicultural nation, the Canadian government invited ethno-cultural groups to contribute celebrations with representations of their ethnic diversity. Caribana emerged during a time when many Caribbean residents emigrated to Canada following immigration reform, internationally acclaimed singers were popularizing Caribbean music (for example Harry Belafonte sang to a sold-out crowd at the O'Keefe Centre in Toronto), Civil Rights Movement activities including the Canadian visits by Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr., and Muhammad Ali's fight against the Canadian heavyweight champion George Chuvalo.

Introduced by immigrants from the Caribbean, Caribana showcases multiple cultures and traditions from same heritage backgrounds coming together to celebrate their heritage ties (namely, Afro-Caribbeana persons of African descent born or living in a Caribbean nation). Caribana's roots has links to slavery and the struggle for emancipation, as well as post-colonial pan-Caribbean influence of the 1960s. Following the carnival format, particularly that of the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, Caribana's Caribbean influences include traditions from many of the islands: John Canoe in Jamaica, Crop Over in Barbados, and other similar festivals in Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic.

Caribana also taps into the legacy of the pre-Lenten Calypso Carnival celebrations organized by the Canadian Negro Women's Organization (CANEWA) and headed by Kay Livingstone. From 1952 to 1964, CANEWA produced, funded, and hosted these annual one-day celebrations of Caribbean culture through food, dance, and music as fundraisers for scholarships to assist Black students to attend recently desegregated schools in southern Ontario.

The centuries-long Black Canadian tradition of Emancipation Day parades are also an influence on Caribana. Emancipation Day Parades began to celebrate the liberation of the enslaved throughout the Americas and were largely observed around the same time as the Calypso Carnivals. The founders of this parade were largely descendants of fugitive slaves and other Black American immigrants. The parades were marked as a Black victory over the British and operated as a military-style event, displaying military regalia, marching bands, and drum corps. Emancipation Day Parades became the most notable displays by and for Black Canadians prior to Caribana.

The founding organizers' goal of using festival profits to create a Black community centre remain unfulfilled.

Administrative history
Plans for the first Caribana began in February 1966, when a group from Toronto’s West Indian community came together in an abandoned firehall on Bathurst Street and formed a celebration for Canada’s centennial. The group, originally named the Caribbean Centennial Committee, transformed into the Caribbean Committee for Cultural Advancement (CCAC) in 1968 when they decided that the event should be an annual celebration. One year later, the CCAC incorporated as the Caribbean Cultural Committee (CCC). This group consisted of ten individuals with its board members mostly made up of expatriate-Caribbean nationals living in Canada. One of these members was Trinidadian-born librarian Rita Cox. Charles Roach and Julius Alexander Isaac (the first Black judge of the Federal Court of Appeal) were among the community leaders who organized the first Caribana. The CCC changed its name to the Caribbean Committee for Cultural Advancement (CCCA) in 1968 and Caribbean Cultural Committee (CCC) in 1969.

In 1970, the Carnival Development Association (CDA) organized a different festival under the name “Carnival Extravaganza.” The Carnival was created in response to the CCC's Caribana, which celebrated a pan-Caribbean culture and the Black Canadian identity. The CDA’s intention was to make a Carnival which was more “authentic” and reflected Trinidadian culture. In 1974 and 1976, the province turned down an application by the CCC and gave a substantial sum to the CDA.

By 1980, the two organizing committees came together and the CCC once again was the sole organizing committee of Caribana. During this decade, the competing interests of the Metro police, city officials, and the corporate sponsors of Caribana threatened to overshadow the CCC's leadership. For example, in 1985, the police recommended moving the popular Olympic Island picnic event to the mainland but the picnics continued until 2009.

In 1991, the Caribana parade was moved to Exhibition Place and Lakeshore Boulevard. Previously, participants jumped up and played mas down Yonge Street or University Avenue on their way to the Toronto Islands.

As the festival became a permanent annual event, the festival organization became dependent on borrowing money from the City of Toronto prior to the festival, to be repaid out of festival profits (if any) afterwards. By 1992, the festival had built up a debt to the City. The City of Toronto forgave the entire outstanding debt after the 1992 event. The same year, Caribana developed a new partnership with Toronto-area hotels. In 1993, the organization fired its operating chief. Following Puff Daddy's performance in 1997, many observers raised concerns regarding cultural retention and festival organizers' moral-cultural responsibility. At launch in Nathan Phillips Square, Premier Bob Rae calls the event a "beacon of hope" for all Canadians, as a symbol of racial harmony. "Carry a Can to Caribana" launched, in support of Daily Bread Food Bank. With attendance down, the board chair blamed the federal and provincial tourism ministries for not funding their American advertising campaign.

In 1997, the bandleaders threatened to boycott the parade if they were not paid for the year’s previous festival and provided with the necessary seed-money to fund production for 1997. The bandleaders were organized under the Ontario Mas Producers Association (OMPA) and the Toronto Mas Makers Association (TMMA). The OMPA would become the Toronto Mas Band Association (TMBA) in 2000.

By the early 2000s, several organizations formed which represented different groups involved in Caribana. The TMBA oversaw the making and promotion of mas bands and represented their interests. The Ontario Steelpan Association (OSA), organized in 2002, did the same for the steelpan musicians. These associations, which also included the Ontario Calypso Performing Artistes (OCPA), formed in 1981, became key stakeholders in Caribana.

In 2001, the City of Toronto granted permits for the TMBA to organize the parade. In 2002, the parade and king and queen crowning were also organized by the TMBA. The following year, the CCC was again the sole organizer of Caribana’s events.

In September 2004, after the 37th festival, the consul general of Trinidad and Tobago worked with Caribbean Cultural Committee to increase support from the business community; the committee received around CA$1 million that year from the national, provincial, and city governments, but it cost about twice that to run the festival. In 2006, the City of Toronto government, unsatisfied by the CCC's financial audit report, invited the TMBA to apply for funding to operate and manage Caribana for 2006. In the end, a city-appointed committee, the Festival Management Committee (FMC), in arrangement with the CCC board members, agreed to organize Caribana for one year. The proposed structure of the FMC’s board of directors was to include: two representatives from the TMBA, one representative from the OSA, one representative from the CPA, and seven additional members chosen by the festival’s stakeholders, including the CCC. The Caribana Arts Group (CAG), which succeeded the CCC in 2005, applied but was denied funding to resume its organization of Caribana. In 2006, the FMC board included two members of the CAG; however, both representatives withdrew from the board in 2010.

Due to an ongoing dispute about the ownership of the trademark "Caribana," the 2006 festival was promoted as "the Toronto Caribbean Carnival (Caribana)". In 2009, the festival was advertised as the "Scotiabank Caribana Festival" which resulted in a trademark lawsuit from CAG, as Caribana was trademarked in 1977, following unsuccessful attempts to reach a licensing agreement. As the successor organization of the CCC, the CAG is the trademark holder to "Caribana." Following the settlement of the trademark infringement in 2011, the festival’s name was changed to "Scotiabank Caribbean Carnival." The name changed to "Toronto Caribbean Carnival" in 2015 when Scotiabank discontinued their sponsorship.

In 2019 UNESCO the Canadian Commission officially recognizes the festival and names it a Cultural heritage property.

Naming dispute
The name Caribana was invented by the organizers to capture the notions of Canada, the Caribbean, bacchanal and merrymaking. A naming dispute arose over the use of "Caribana." The Caribbean Cultural Committee claimed that it legally held the trademark for "Caribana". In April 2010, a panel for the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) ruled that Scotiabank, as the sponsors of the Caribana festival, did not have grounds for being awarded the domain name caribana.com from its current owners the Working Word Co-operative. In 2011, the Ontario Superior Court Of Justice ruled that the Caribana Arts Group (CAG), the successors of Caribbean Cultural Committee (CCC), has legal rights to the name Caribana.

Sponsorship
The first named festival sponsor was Scotiabank (Scotiabank Caribana from 2007 to 2011 and Scotiabank Toronto Caribbean Carnival from 2011 to 2015). In October 2015, Scotiabank announced that it would end its sponsorship with Toronto's Caribbean Carnival parade after six years.

The festival continued without a naming sponsor until 2017, when Peeks became the new title sponsor and the festival became the Peeks Toronto Caribbean Carnival. In June 2019, Peeks' title sponsorship was removed and the festival was called the Toronto Caribbean Carnival for 2019.

COVID-19 alternative formats
The 2020 and 2021 editions of the event were cancelled because of the global COVID-19 pandemic; consequently, it took place in a "virtual format" on July 3, 2020. In order to accommodate restrictions during the pandemic during the summer of 2021, the festival pivoted to a foodie event with steel pans and masqueraders and replaced the grande parade with a food truck festival.

Economics and impact
The entire event, which is one of the first Caribbean Carnivals along with those in New York City, Notting Hill and Boston to be held outside of the Caribbean region. Economic studies estimate that the festival contributes approximately $400 million into Ontario's economy each year with the Federal Government being the largest beneficiary. The participation demographics of over 1.2 million attendees indicates that 58% of attendees are from outside the Greater Toronto Area and over one million individuals from the United States. Approximately 72% of participants have previously attended Caribana.

title: Caribana


text:
Harry Sacksioni

Harry Sacksioni (born 23 October 1950, in Amsterdam) is a composer and guitar virtuoso of Dutch origin. The peak of his fame was during the 1970s to 1990s. Famous works of this period include Meta Sequoia, Vensters and Elixer, along with re-arrangements of existing pieces, such as Anji (Davy Graham), Scarborough Fair (arr. Paul Simon) and I Wish (Stevie Wonder). Sacksioni's work is mainly instrumental, although some tracks during the 1980s provided guitar accompaniments to vocals provided by himself and Raymond van het Groenewoud.

Sacksioni was one of the artists who recorded the song Shalom from Holland (written by Simon Hammelburg and Ron Klipstein) as a token of solidarity to the Israeli people, threatened by missiles from Iraq, during the first Gulf War in 1991.

Sacksioni's work is not commercially motivated, and as a result, he is not often featured in the mainstream media. His records appear under an independent, privately owned label Katowee (from cutaway, a feature of some guitars) as a protest against the high prices of CDs.

Sacksioni uses various guitars during a live concert. When touring, he chooses instruments from his collection of acoustic and electric guitars to suit the venue and programme. He plays both 6 and 12-string guitars, both acoustic and electric. An unusual guitar of his is a hand-built double guitar: one half is electric and the other half is acoustic.

Sacksioni has been living in Lienden, Netherlands, since the 1980s. Before that, he lived in Amsterdam.

Harry Sacksioni was made a Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau, decorated by Klaas Tammes, mayor of the municipality of Buren, during a concert in the Agnietenhof in Tiel on 9 May 2009. On his 60th birthday, Harry was given a tribute concert by a number of musical colleagues in the famous Amsterdam venue Carré.

Major collaborations

 * Frank Boeijen
 * Raymond van het Groenewoud
 * Digmon Roovers
 * Herman van Veen
 * Erik van der Wurff
 * John May

Singles

 * Het dubbelleven van Holle Vijnman / Prikklok 07.45 uur (1979)
 * Herman van Veen, Erik van der Wurff & Harry Sacksioni (1981)
 * Suikerspin / Marco Polo (1981)
 * Nachtjournaal / Escapade (1984)
 * Je moet eerst vliegen / De telganger (1985)
 * Paddentrek / Yeti (1987)
 * Alter Ego / Bath Blues (1990)
 * Fuerteventura / Arena (1994)
 * The Killy Killy Song (1994)
 * Jessica / Masai Mara (1994)
 * Meta Sequoia / Axel F.: Toerist (1998)
 * De paddentrek (2008)

Listening

 * TV Gelderland: Harry Sacksioni in Stringdance, 2007
 * Rockin' Gelderland: Harry Sacksioni, 2007

title: Harry Sacksioni


text:
Talk:List of Fighting Fantasy gamebooks

Trolltooth Pass
What kind of fictional location is this redirect? It shouldn’t be in Category:Fictional locations since it’s a container category. 165.91.12.97 (talk) 17:56, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Is there a more appropriate category? Apokrif (talk) 07:17, 29 December 2023 (UTC)

New talk page
Hi everyone. I've archived the talk page and have added an infobox to each talk page for the individual articles recommending that the articles are discussed here. This is because few people seem to use the individual talk pages and it seems to make more sense to have one common talk page - its more convenient to keep an eye on and hopefully it will encourage discussion on the individual pages. Enjoy! (EvilRedEye 16:55, 5 May 2007 (UTC))

Basic articles complete
Basic articles now exist for all of the (at present) 62 Fighting Fantasy gamebooks. EvilRedEye 20:19, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

25th yearbook
Does the 25th anniversary yearbook actually exist? There's no data about it at all, I attended the Ian Livingstone signing at the Bath Festival of Literature today and they didn't have it, and I can't find it on amazon. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.32.48.236 (talk) 20:17, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

If it exists it hasn't been released yet. The only information so far is a mention on the official website. If it's going to be released it'll be at the end of the year, so there's time. EvilRedEye 20:27, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

It does not exist. For the 25th Anniversary a special edition of The Warlock of the Firetop Mountain was released only,

Myriador d20 books?
Should they be listed here? Ladril (talk) 22:40, 27 December 2010 (UTC)

AFD discussion
A discussion on the changes to this page is taking place. Articles for deletion/The Citadel of Chaos  Szzuk (talk) 14:10, 3 February 2011 (UTC)

Adventures of Goldhawk
This four-part mini-series should be listed too. It was titled as sub-series "First Fighting Fantasy Adventures", written by Ian Livingstone, illustrated by Surr Nicholson. Published in 1995.

The four titles in order: Darkmoon's Curse, The Demon Spider, Mudworm Swamp, Ghost Road. Unsigned comment by 89.133.24.176 on 19 June 2012, 10:09
 * Thanks. Done. Richard75 (talk) 21:47, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

I know its pedantic but...
The description for Titan - The Fighting Fantasy World reads as follows. "Describes the history of the planet Titan, the three major continents and locations of all Fighting Fantasy adventures" As I stated, it is pure pedantry, but there were many non-fantasy genre gamebooks which took place on earth, or in space, or wherever, which had nothing to do with Titan at all. I am going to change the above from "all" to "most". If, however, this is the publisher's description or something, then please revert. WookMuff (talk) 22:55, 31 October 2012 (UTC)
 * I suppose that I must be a pedant too, because that still doesn't seem quite accurate. I think what the sentence is indicating is that Titan lists the parts of Titan in which different books are set. I've updated it accordingly. Euchrid (talk) 00:00, 1 November 2012 (UTC)

electronic versions
I noticed Big Blue Bubble is mentioned in a footnote.

I suggest any information on apps is either updated or removed entirely. Do be aware I have expanded the "Other media" section on the main FF page, so perhaps it would be easiest if this page would focus on the paper editions (originals + rereleases)? CapnZapp (talk) 12:16, 26 May 2013 (UTC)
 * The article is about gamebooks not paperbacks, so apps ought to be mentioned. The Big Blue Bubble entry is still valid as long as we make it clear that their apps are no longer available -- after all, we don't delete references to books which are no longer in print. Richard75 (talk) 13:06, 26 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I might not have managed to convey my point: there is nothing wrong with the Big Blue Bubble entry per se. However, listing only Big Blue Bubble is woefully inadequate - it gives off the impression BBB is (was) the only provider of electronic gamebook versions, which could not be further from the truth.
 * Thus, I have nothing against that entry in itself. However, I repeat my suggestion: either (substantially) expand the coverage of gamebook apps, or - perhaps easier - replace that entry with a general note saying something like "electronic versions also exist, see Fighting Fantasy", for example.
 * I might also point out that while the page currently does not have a "paperback focus", it most certainly could. Again, I leave it up to you editors how to proceed, and how to present the wealth of gamebook apps. Here or there doesn't matter, as long as the reader clearly can tell if the information is reasonably complete or very incomplete (like right now). At the very least, a "needs expansion" template is needed. However, since I am not convinced this information is best conveyed by laborious footnotes (I am convinced apps deserve a section or page of their own), I refrain from doing so, preferring instead to discuss the approach here first.
 * Cheers, CapnZapp (talk) 09:26, 1 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Oh I see. In that case a seperate section should mention it, even if it is just a couple of sentences and a link to the FF "other media" section instead of a comprehensive list. Richard75 (talk) 11:01, 1 June 2013 (UTC)
 * IMO, the page does not need to include full details of electronic games - computer- or phone-based. Its title is List of Fighting Fantasy gameBOOKS. This suggests paper books to me not electronic games. These should be detailed in the main article or on a dedicated page with a suitable link in the See Also section. Deagol2 (talk) 11:07, 1 June 2013 (UTC)
 * You can call them games but they contain all the text of the books. The only difference is that the dice are included. Richard75 (talk) 11:32, 1 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I still see electronic media as being something entirely different to what is currently listed here, but if you have fairly comprehensive details of what has been published then I don't see a huge problem with including it. My main concern would be that the new entries should list all of the publishers and all the books they published - otherwise the additions would degrade what is a fairly comprehensive article. Deagol2 (talk) 11:49, 1 June 2013 (UTC)
 * I tend to agree with your last point, and if we can't get all of the details then that would be a very good reason to just mention that they exist and then link to the other article. Richard75 (talk) 13:15, 1 June 2013 (UTC)

How about a separate page for each gamebook?
I'm quite new to Wikipedia. Would it be all right if we created a separate article for each Fighting Fantasy gamebook, with a link from this list to that gamebook article? There is already a separate article for "Island of the Lizard King", for example, but there isn't an article for "Scorpion Swamp", for example. Perhaps I could create a separate article for "Scorpion Swamp" and other books.

What do people think?

Transcendentalist01 (talk) 19:49, 22 February 2014 (UTC)
 * If you check the history of these articles many already have existing content. They were re-directed back to this page by a troll who was subsequently banned along with his sock puppets. If you wish to recover the material go ahead. Szzuk (talk) 23:07, 22 February 2014 (UTC)
 * I've made a start. Richard75 (talk) 00:23, 23 February 2014 (UTC)
 * There was a major discussion re: these articles. So long as the article cites independent sources such as the original seven titles in the series (thanks to BOZ), there's no issue. Otherwise, it is just a case of a former fan of the series adding their interpretation, which smacks of original research, bias and trivia. As it is, I'm in the process of pulling the fan-made maps from the articles as they fail on all the above reasons (in fact it is the same user who originally uploaded the images just re-listing them). I'm as nostalgic as the next person re: the series, but the information has to be encyclopedia standard. I've leave it for a week, and if no one steps up look at re-directs. Asgardian (talk) 03:44, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks, yes, I did find sources for several of the FF gamebooks. I'm sure that reviews for these books can be found in magazines like Dragon, Different Worlds, Space Gamer, or any of the other gaming magazines from back in those days. Unfortunately, at this time and probably for the next few months, I will not have the capacity to check. I will say that, at the very least, RPGgeek and RPGnet - especially when taken together - are fairly comprehensive about listing reviews for game products, so at least we will know where to find them. BOZ (talk) 05:33, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the comments BOZ. Richard75 and I have "upgraded" Caverns of the Snow Witch. I think only 1-2 others really deserve the full treatment as the titles themselves were truly terrible, but we'll see how we go. Asgardian (talk) 06:43, 29 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Asgardian, I am reverting the redirect for Beneath Nightmare Castle and believe it's better to let the community decides whether to keep or redirect the article ♠♠ BanëJ ♠♠ (Talk) 15:27, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
 * With respect, reading the back story first might have helped - we've had several discussions and unfortunately the bottom line is most of the series has no credibility, despite feelings of nostalgia. That particular page is a good example: the links are all to fan reviews, which are not considered independent, reliable sources. The real clincher, however, is the fact that the title - like many others - was not considered for reprinting by Wizard. This goes to the lack of notability. Many of these latter titles are almost gone forever, with a recent search revealing some not showing up at all on either Ebay or Amazon, and only 1-2 copies appearing in their place of origin (the UK). Soon the defunct titles will only exist in electronic form on fan pages, which again are not credible. If there was a plethora of sources and each title could be as polished as the original seven, then great. Unfortunately this is not the case.

Regards Asgardian (talk) 00:41, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Not to pick ntis, but many of those titles are not quite as difficult to come across as one would think. I run one of those fan blogs, and was able to amass a complete collection with relatively little difficulty. I do agree that the majority of the titles do not require notoriety, perhaps limiting it to the first, Warlock of Firetop Mountain, is the better option. However, some of the books have been adapted to tablet/PC apps, which are widely available - perhaps those ones might warrant a page for themselves, if the consensus were to determine that they did. Just a thought. Justin.Parallax (talk) 10:17, 3 November 2014 (UTC)
 * That's good to know, but unfortunately fan blogs are not considered reliable sources. I do, however, agree that only some deserve attention - which is usually those with sources. The Wizard initiative (those chosen for reprinting) seems to be a telling factor.

Asgardian (talk) 10:40, 5 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I wasn't citing my work as a source, that was just a personal touch :) I do, though, disagree with Wizard being a factor in which of the series would require closer detail - a more useful means of determining notoriety would be to look at which books have been reworked or adapted to a digital format such as by Tin Man Games and others. I think this is a stronger factor as this required significant adaptation and occasionally reworking to the existing material, which a reprinting did not. I'd argue that this reworking constitutes notability. What are your thoughts? It would mean fewer books considered to be noteworthy, but I'm okay with that. Justin.Parallax (talk) 11:06, 5 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Good point. This is tough, as be it a print or electronic revamp someone is ultimately making a subjective decision as to what is "noteworthy" and what is not. This of course means our decisions are tainted with grey: but, as we have to find some middle ground, then perhaps the Tin Man option is a good choice. This might be above and the standard sources that exist for those key titles. Do you want me to do the homework or do you want to try first?

Regards Asgardian (talk) 04:12, 6 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia, not third parties, decide what is notable or not. The fact that a book has been adapted for another medium means that there is slightly more to say about it and it may be easier to find a source for it, but it can not be decisive. Wizard Books didn't choose which Penguin FF books they thought were "notable" by Wikipedia's definition of the word, they just went through all the books by Livingstone and Jackson, followed by books by Jonathan Green. It was author-based not book-based. Richard75 (talk) 08:58, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Currently, here is what we have. I've put together a list of books that 'could' be considered notable and why they might be, hopefully that may narrow down the discussion a bit. I am NOT advocating for a page for each of these, I should mention, simply narrowing the field down a bit -

Warlock of Firetop Mountain - The first book, most reprinted, adapted into video games, board game and other merchandise.

The Forest of Doom - Adapted to digital. Otherwise nothing else.

Starship Traveller - Adapted to digital. Sci-fi (unusual for this series). Otherwise nothing else.

Deathtrap Dungeon - Video game based on this. Part of a loose 'series', but otherwise nothing else.

Island of the Lizard King - Adapted to digital. Otherwise nothing else.

Caverns of the Snow Witch - Adapted to digital. Otherwise nothing else.

House of Hell - Adapted to digital. Modern setting (unusual for this series). Title changed for US release. Small controversy in tabloid newspapers.

Space Assassin, Sky Lord, Robot Commando, Freeway Fighter, Rings of Kether, Rebel Planet - Sci-fi (unusual for this series). Otherwise nothing else.

Appointment with FEAR - Adapted to digital. Superhero genre (unusual for this series). Otherwise nothing else.

Creature of Havoc - Player takes role of monster. Otherwise nothing else.

Return to Firetop Mountain - Sequel to the first book and the series' 50th book. Otherwise nothing else.

Legend of Zagor - Concluded the 'Firetop Mountain trilogy', had a board game based on it and featured 4 selectable playable characters. Otherwise nothing else.

Revenge of the Vampire - Very rare, expensive on the secondary market and reputably of very poor editing quality. Otherwise nothing else.

Bloodbones - Scheduled for Puffin release but cancelled, later released by Wizard. Otherwise nothing else.

Howl of the Werewolf, Stormslayer, Night of the Necromancer, 'Eye of the Dragon' - Not released by Puffin, 'Eye' was mostly completed but not published, the others were written specifically for Wizard (to the best of my knowledge). Otherwise nothing else.

Sorcery series - Adapted to digital. Forms a four-part series.

Clash of the Princes - A box set including two books intended to be played by two players.

Blood of the Zombies - Anniversary publication, set in modern world, adapted to digital.

My personal opinion would be to include pages for Warlock of Firetop Mountain, House of Hell, Appointment with FEAR, Sorcery and Blood of the Zombies, possibly with Deathtrap Dungeon if there was a high enough demand for it. I tend to be a bit conservative with new pages, I think that the rest of the ones listed above would only really appeal to fans of the series. Justin.Parallax (talk) 10:27, 6 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Legend of Zagor also led to a series of four novels featuring the characters from the gamebook. Richard75 (talk) 13:15, 6 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Richard - true, Wikipedia determines notability, but that is in essence us, the editors. We attempt to decipher market factors such as reprints and electronic adaptions to determine the relevance of information (and the fact that this isn't a hotbed of discussion is also telling) Justin, that's a good list. I'd strike the aci-fi as that in itself is not notable. BOZ and I found a source or two for Starship Traveller and of course Appointment with F.E.A.R., but beyond that nada. Rarity is also not notability in itself here. Unless someone can put a case for titles such as Beneath Nightmare Castle, they have no relevance. Asgardian (talk) 11:38, 9 November 2014 (UTC)

Creature of Havoc
If you are not already aware, the article for Creature of Havoc is being considered for deletion due to a lack of references. Deagol2 (talk) 19:27, 25 August 2014 (UTC)
 * If anyone has access to this German magazine, it looks like there's a review there. 129.33.19.254 (talk) 22:41, 25 August 2014 (UTC)

New Fighting Fantasy book
Ian Livingstone announced in December 2016 that he is writing a new book, set to be published in August 2017 for the 35th anniversary. He teased it on Twitter, confirming it here and here — Preceding unsigned comment added by Smt42 (talk • contribs) 18:49, 29 December 2016 (UTC)

 * That's good news. Unfortunately we don't use social media sites as sources, so we'll have to find another one. Richard75 (talk) 19:09, 29 December 2016 (UTC)

A full list of original releasess? What about aborted/cancelled books?
How about an unified list in chronological (real life) order of all of the books? Regardless of publisher.

After all, some books got re-released several times.

What do you think? A full list of books, by order of when they were first published.

And how about books that were announced but that never got released? 2804:14D:5C21:9A23:5198:9347:102F:B5DC (talk) 02:17, 16 February 2024 (UTC)

German fighting fantasy gamebooks
I seem to recall at the least four fighting fantasy gamebooks in german. Three are larger ones, e. g. the story of Valkyre/Wagner, one of King Arthur, last one I forgot. And a fourth one, based on Wolfgang Hohlbein's Sternenbestie (Del and Scar story). I think the wikipedia article here should be a bit more incusive. Right now it seems to focus only on the two UK authors, I think. While they may be the most popular ones, I think the table listing here should include more gamebooks. 2A02:8388:1643:D680:886D:AF5:AD33:A4E2 (talk) 12:00, 6 July 2024 (UTC)
 * This article isn't about gamebooks in general, it's about the Fighting Fantasy franchise. Richard75 (talk) 19:18, 6 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Fighting Fantasy gamebooks


text:
User talk:Aziz Ibrahim

If you vandalize Wikipedia or threaten to do so, you will be blocked from editing and will not be unblocked. Consider yourself on parole. Guanaco 00:08, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aziz Ibrahim


text:
Talk:Pierre Louis Roederer

"duc de la Rochefoucauld"
Does anyone know whether the duc de la Rochefoucauld who was president of the départment of Paris was François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt or Louis-Alexandre, duc de La Rochefoucauld d'Enville? I believe it's the latter, but I hesitate to add a link. -- Jmabel 03:28, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * According to French wiki, you were right: Après la séparation de l'Assemblée constituante, (Louis Alexandre de La Rochefoucauld-d'Enville) devint membre du directoire du département. Dahn 14:51, 1 June 2006 (UTC)

Portrait
The portrait is NOT that of Pierre-Louis Roederer !! Take a look at : http://www.academie-francaise.fr/immortels/base/academiciens/fiche.asp?param=288 (anon 15 June 2005)

 * The answer is on the talk page of the picture. Kelson 28 June 2005 13:44 (UTC)
 * I don't see any answer there, just the same link and the remark that it's not a portrait of Roederer. -- Jmabel | Talk June 29, 2005 15:38 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pierre Louis Roederer


text:
User talk:Trkkazulu

Jair-Rohm Parker Wells
I alphabetized the jazz musicians category link for Jair-Rohm Parker Wells so that he appears under W in the list. Please let me know if he should be listed under P. John FitzGerald

Excellent, thanks. trkkazulu (talk) 20:39, 12 August 2010 (UTC)

Problems with upload of File:Zappanale 7970 Bad.jpg
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Image tagging for File:Zappanale 7970 Bad.jpg
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title: User talk:Trkkazulu


text:
Exec Shield

Exec Shield is a project started at Red Hat, Inc in late 2002 with the aim of reducing the risk of worm or other automated remote attacks on Linux systems. The first result of the project was a security patch for the Linux kernel that emulates an NX bit on x86 CPUs that lack a native NX implementation in hardware. While the Exec Shield project has had many other components, some people refer to this first patch as Exec Shield.

The first Exec Shield patch attempts to flag data memory as non-executable and program memory as non-writeable. This suppresses many security exploits, such as those stemming from buffer overflows and other techniques relying on overwriting data and inserting code into those structures. Exec Shield also supplies some address space layout randomization for the mmap and heap base.

The patch additionally increases the difficulty of inserting and executing shellcode, rendering most exploits ineffective. No application recompilation is necessary to fully utilize exec-shield, although some applications (Mono, Wine, XEmacs, Mplayer) are not fully compatible.

Other features that came out of the Exec Shield project were the Position Independent Executables (PIE), the address space randomization patch for Linux kernels, a wide set of glibc internal security checks that make heap and format string exploits near impossible, the GCC Fortify Source feature, and the port and merge of the GCC stack-protector feature.

Implementation
Exec Shield works on all x86 CPUs utilizing the Code Segment limit. Because of the way Exec Shield works, it is very lightweight; however, it won't fully protect arbitrary virtual memory layouts. If the CS limit is raised, for example by calling mprotect to make higher memory executable, then the protections are lost below that limit. Ingo Molnar points this out in an e-mail conversation. Most applications are fairly sane at this; the stack (the important part) at least winds up above any mapped libraries, so does not become executable except by explicit calls by the application.

As of August, 2004, nothing from the Exec Shield projects attempt to enforce memory protections by restricting mprotect on any architecture; although memory may not initially be executable, it may become executable later, so the kernel will allow an application to mark memory pages as both writable and executable at the same time. However, in cooperation with the Security-Enhanced Linux project (SELinux), the standard policy for the Fedora Core distribution does prohibit this behavior for most executables, with only a few exceptions for compatibility reasons.

History
Exec Shield was developed by various people at Red Hat; the first patch was released by Ingo Molnar of Red Hat and first released in May 2003. It is part of Fedora Core 1 through 6 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux since version 3. Other people involved include Jakub Jelínek, Ulrich Drepper, Richard Henderson and Arjan van de Ven.

Molnar commented in 2007 on LWN.net that "bits of [exec-shield] went upstream, but a fair chunk didn't."

title: Exec Shield


text:
Macedonia

Macedonia (Македонија, Μακεδονία, Македония) most commonly refers to:
 * North Macedonia, a country in southeastern Europe, known until 2019 as the Republic of Macedonia
 * Macedonia (ancient kingdom), a kingdom in Greek antiquity
 * Macedonia (Greece), a former administrative region, spanning today three administrative subdivisions of northern Greece
 * Macedonia (region), a geographic and historical region that today includes parts of six Balkan countries (see map)

Macedonia, Makedonia, Makedonija, or Makedoniya may also refer to:

Other historical entities

 * Achaemenid Macedonia, a satrapy of Achaemenid Empire
 * Diocese of Macedonia, a late Roman administrative unit
 * Independent Macedonia (1944), a proposed puppet state of the Axis powers (1944)
 * Macedonia (Roman province), a province of the early Roman Empire
 * Macedonia (theme), a province of the Byzantine Empire
 * Socialist Republic of Macedonia, a part of the former Yugoslavia (1945–1991) and a predecessor of North Macedonia

Within the region

 * Aegean Macedonia, a geographic region equivalent to modern Greek Macedonia
 * Vardar Macedonia, a geographic region corresponding roughly to the territory of North Macedonia
 * Pirin Macedonia, a geographic region of southwestern Bulgaria
 * Central Macedonia, a province in northern Greece
 * Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, a province in northern Greece
 * Western Macedonia, a province in northern Greece

United States

 * Macedonia, Alabama
 * Macedonia, Georgia
 * Macedonia, Illinois
 * Macedonia, Indiana
 * Macedonia, Iowa
 * Macedonia, Kentucky
 * Macedonia, Missouri
 * Macedonia, New Jersey
 * Macedonia, Ohio
 * Macedonia, South Carolina
 * Macedonia, Tennessee
 * Macedonia, Liberty County, Texas
 * Macedonia, Williamson County, Texas
 * Macedonia, Virginia

Others

 * Macedônia, São Paulo, Brazil
 * Macedonia, a village of Ciacova, Romania
 * Macedonia, area of Glenrothes, Scotland, United Kingdom

Publications

 * Makedonia (newspaper), a Greek newspaper established in 1911
 * Makedoniya (Bulgarian newspaper), a 19th-century Bulgarian newspaper published until 1872
 * Macedonia (comics), a 2007 book by Harvey Pekar and Heather Roberson

Ships

 * SS Macedonia (1911), a Greek passenger liner that was renamed Pincio in 1922
 * MV Makedoniya, a Bulgarian cargo ship in service 1932–41
 * MV Makedonia, a Greek passenger ship in service 1984–85

Sports

 * FK Makedonija Gjorče Petrov, a football club in Skopje
 * FC Macedonia, a former football club in Skopje (1941 to 1944)
 * Preston Makedonia, an association football club in Melbourne, Australia, officially known since mid-1990s as the Preston Lions but still identified with the Macedonian-Australian community
 * Stirling Macedonia FC, an association football club in Perth, Australia

Other uses

 * Makedonia (dance), a Greek folk song
 * Macedonia (food), a fruit salad or vegetable dish
 * Macedonia (terminology)
 * Macedonia Airport or Thessaloniki International Airport, an airport in Thessaloniki, Greece
 * Makedonia TV, a Greek television station

title: Macedonia


text:
NX

NX may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Northern Exposure, a 1990s TV show turned cable

Computing

 * NX bit, a term for marking parts of computer memory as "no execute"
 * NX technology, a computer program that handles remote X Window System connections
 * Siemens NX, a CAx software product from Siemens PLM Software
 * DRS/NX, a port of UNIX System V for ICL DRS and later servers
 * EDIUS NX, a video editing and capture card sold by Grass Valley
 * NXDOMAIN, "nonexistent domain", an error response to a DNS query, sometimes used for DNS hijacking

Other uses in science and technology

 * NX, the pre-release codename of the Nintendo Switch video game console
 * Nox (unit) (nx), a unit of illuminance, equal to 1/1000 lux
 * Samsung NX series, a series of digital cameras

Transport

 * NX Bridge, over the Passaic River in New Jersey
 * Lexus NX, a crossover vehicle
 * Nissan NX, and Nissan Pulsar NX, a range of subcompact coupes offered by Nissan from the 1980s to 1993
 * Air Macau (IATA: NX)
 * A 1967-1968 super-express line; see N (New York City Subway service)

Other uses

 * Net exports, in economics
 * Ningxia, an autonomous region in China (Guobiao abbreviation NX)
 * NX Newcastle, a music venue in Newcastle upon Tyne, England
 * Nintendo Switch, a video game console developed by Nintendo under the "NX" codename

title: NX