text:
Abd al-Aziz

Abd al-Aziz (عبد العزيز, DMG: ʽAbd al-ʽAzīz), frequently also transliterated Abdul-Aziz, is a male Arabic Muslim given name and, in modern usage, surname. It is built from the words ʽAbd, the Arabic definite article and ʽAzīz "Almighty". The name is commonly abbreviated as "ʽAzīz". The name means "servant of the Almighty", al-ʽAzīz being one of the names of God in Islam, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names.

The letter a of the al- is unstressed, and can be transliterated by almost any vowel, often by u. So the first part can appear as Abdel, without spacing and hyphenation. Abdelaziz (with an e) is the most common transliteration of the name in the Maghreb.

It may refer to:

Men

 * Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan (died 705), Umayyad prince and governor of Egypt
 * Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa (died 716), Umayyad governor of Al-Andalus
 * Abd al-Aziz ibn Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (died 750s), Umayyad governor of Medina and Mecca from 744 to 747.
 * Abd al-Aziz ibn Shu'ayb, emir of Crete 949–961
 * Abd al-Aziz ibn Mansur (ruled 1104–1121), ruler of the Hammadids (Berber dynasty)
 * Abdelaziz al-Malzuzi (died 1298), Moroccan poet and historian
 * Nūr ad-Dīn 'Abd al-'Azīz Ibn al-Qamar (1326–1398), Tunisian Berber Muslim prince
 * Abd al-Aziz of Mogadishu (active around 1346), Somali ruler in Kinolhas, Maldives
 * Abu Faris Abdul Aziz (ruled 1366–1372), Marinid Sultan of Fez and Morocco
 * Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz II (ruled 1394–1434, Hafsid Caliph of Ifriqiya (Tunisia)
 * Abdelaziz al-Tebaa (died 1499), Moroccan Sufi
 * Abdelaziz al-Maghrawi (died 1605), Moroccan poet
 * Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali (1549–1621), Moroccan poet and historian
 * Abdul Aziz Hotak (died 1717), ruler of the Ghilzai Hotaki dynasty of Kandahar
 * Abdülaziz Efendi (born 1735), Ottoman physician and poet
 * Subhizade Abdulaziz (died 1782/1783), Ottoman physician
 * Shah Abdul Aziz (1745–1823), Indian Islamic scholar
 * Abdul Aziz ibn Muhammad ibn Saud (ruled 1765–1803), ruler of Saudi Arabia
 * Abdülaziz (1830–1876), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
 * Abd al Aziz al-Amawi (1832–1896), Somali diplomat, historian, poet, jurist and scholar living in Zanzibar
 * Abdulaziz bin Mitab (ruled 1897–1906), ruler of Arabia
 * Abdelaziz Thâalbi (1876–1944), Tunisian politician
 * Abdul Aziz Al Saud, or Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia, (1876–1953), King of Saudi Arabia
 * Abdelaziz of Morocco (1878–1943), Sultan of Morocco
 * Abdul Aziz of Perak (1887–1948), Sultan of Perak, Malaya
 * Abdul Aziz Yamulki (1890–1981), Ottoman/Iraqi/Kurdish army officer
 * Abdul Aziz Kurd (active 1920), Balochistan politician
 * Abdul Aziz bin Musaid (active 1921), Saudi soldier
 * Mehmed Abdulaziz (1901–1977), head of the Ottoman dynasty
 * Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd Allah ibn Baaz (1910–1999), Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia
 * Abd al-Aziz al-Ghumari (1920–1997), Moroccan Muslim scholar
 * Abdol-Aziz Mirza Farmanfarmaian (born 1920), Iranian architect
 * Ungku Abdul Aziz (born 1922), British-Malay academic administrator
 * Abd El Aziz Muhammad Hejazi (1923–2014), Prime Minister of Egypt
 * Abd el-Aziz el-Zoubi (1926–1974), Israeli Arab politician
 * Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Al-Haj ibni Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj, or Salahuddin of Selangor (1926–2001) Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
 * Abdelaziz Ben Tifour (1927–1970), Algerian footballer
 * Abdelaziz Gorgi (1928–2008), Tunisian artist
 * Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat (1931–2015), Malaysian politician
 * Abdul Aziz Umar (born 1936), Brunei politician
 * Abdelaziz Bouteflika (1937–2021), President of Algeria
 * Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani (1939–2011), Prime Minister of Yemen
 * Abdul-Azeez ibn Abdullaah Aal ash-Shaikh (born 1940), Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia
 * Abdul Aziz (cricketer, born 1941) (1941–1959), Pakistani cricketer killed by ball
 * Abdul Aziz (cricketer, born 1992), Pakistani cricketer
 * Alhaji Abdul Azeez Kolawole Adeyemo (1941–2002), Nigerian politician
 * Nasr Abdel Aziz Eleyan (born 1941), Palestinian artist
 * Abdel Aziz Khoja (born 1942), Saudi diplomat
 * Abdelaziz bin Ahmed Al Thani (1945–2008), Qatari prince
 * Abdul Aziz Abu Bakar (born 1945), Brunei royalty and politician
 * Abdelaziz Belkhadem (born 1945), Algerian politician
 * Hany Abdel-Aziz (born 1946), Egyptian diplomat
 * Farouk Abdul-Aziz (born 1946), Egyptian television presenter and writer
 * Zaid Abdul-Aziz (born 1946), American basketball player
 * Abdulaziz Komilov (born 1947), Uzbek politician
 * P. K. Abdul Aziz (born 1947), Indian scientist and academic administrator
 * Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi (1947–2004), Palestinian co-founder of Hamas
 * Mohamed Abdelaziz (born 1947/1948), Secretary General of the Polisario Front and President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
 * Abdelaziz bin Khalifa Al Thani (born 1946), Qatari prince
 * Ibrahim Abdulaziz Al-Assaf (born 1949), Saudi politician
 * Abdul Aziz al-Hakim (1950–2009), Iraqi theologian and politician
 * Abdul-Aziz ibn Myatt (born 1950), British Islamist and former neo-nazi
 * Abd Al Aziz Awda (born 1950), Palestinian co-founder of Islamic Jihad
 * Abdel Aziz El Mubarak (born 1951), Sudanese singer
 * Abdulaziz Al-Saqqaf (1952–1999), Yemeni human-rights activist, economist, and journalist
 * Abdul-Aziz Abdul-Shafi (born 1952), Egyptian football manager
 * Sheikh Abdul Aziz (1952–2008), Kashmiri politician
 * Abdul Aziz Al Ghurair (born 1954), UAE businessman
 * Maged A. Abdelaziz (born 1954), Egyptian diplomat
 * Abdulaziz Al-Anberi (born 1954), Kuwaiti footballer
 * Abdulaziz Nasser Al Shamsi (born 1956), UAE diplomat
 * Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz (born 1956), Mauritanian politician
 * Abdulazeez Ibrahim (born 1957), Nigerian politician
 * Mohammed Abdi Abdulaziz (born 1958), Tanzanian politician
 * Amr Abdel Basset Abdel Azeez Diab, or Amr Diab (born 1961), Egyptian singer
 * Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah (born 1962), Saudi prince
 * Abdulaziz Usman (born 1962), Nigerian politician
 * Ali Abd-al-Aziz al-Isawi (born c. 1962), Libyan politician
 * Abdul Aziz bin Ahmed Al Saud (born 1963), Saudi prince and businessman
 * Saud Abdul Aziz Al Gosaibi (born 1963), Saudi businessman
 * Abdul Aziz Al Matrafi (born 1964), Saudi held in Gantanamo
 * Ayman Abd El Aziz Nour, or Ayman Nour (born 1964), Egyptian politician
 * Abdelaziz Bennij (born 1965), Moroccan footballer
 * Abdulaziz Mohamed (born 1965), UAE footballer
 * Abdul-Aziz al-Masri, alias of Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri (born 1966), Egyptian alleged terrorist
 * Abdullah Muhammed Abdel Aziz (born 1967), Saudi held in Guantanamo
 * Abdelaziz Sahere (born 1967), Moroccan runner
 * Abdulaziz AlـShayji (born 1967), Kuwaiti politician
 * Abdul Aziz Moshood (born 1968), Nigerian footballer
 * Abdul Aziz, or Imam Samudra (1970–2008), Indonesian executed for terrorist offences
 * Abdel Aziz al-Muqrin (1971–2004), Saudi alleged terrorist
 * Mohamed Abdullaziz Al-Deayea, or Mohamed Al-Deayea (born 1972), Saudi footballer
 * Abdul Aziz bin Fahd (born 1973), Saudi prince and politician
 * Abd Al Aziz Sayer Uwain Al Shammeri (born 1973), Kuwaiti held in Guantanamo
 * Abdulaziz Khathran (born 1973), Saudi footballer
 * Abdulaziz Al-Janoubi (born 1974), Saudi footballer
 * Abdul Aziz Abdullah Ali Al Suadi (born 1974), Yemeni held in Guantanamo
 * Abdul Aziz Naji, presumably correct name of Aziz Abdul Naji (born 1975), Algerian held in Guantanamo
 * Karim Abdel Aziz (born 1975), Egyptian actor
 * Abdulaziz Muhammad Saleh bin Otash (born 1975), Saudi alleged terrorist
 * Azmin Azram Abdul Aziz (born 1976), Malaysian footballer
 * Mahmoud Abd Al Aziz Abd Al Mujahid (born 1977), Yemeni held in Guantanamo
 * Ayman Abdelaziz (born 1978), Egyptian-Turkish footballer
 * Abdelaziz Ahanfouf (born 1978), German-Moroccan footballer
 * Abdelaziz Touilbini (born 1978), Algerian boxer
 * Abdulaziz al-Omari (1979–2001), Saudi aircraft hijacker in the September 11 attacks
 * Abdul Aziz Sa'ad Al-Khaldi (born 1979), Saudi held in Guantanamo
 * Abdulaziz Karim (born 1979), Qatari footballer
 * Abdel Aziz Moussa (born 1980), Chadian-Angolan basketball player
 * Abdulaziz Ali (born 1980), Qatari footballer
 * Adel Abdulaziz (born 1980), UAE footballer
 * Abd Al Aziz Muhammad Ibrahim Al Nasir (born 1980), Saudi held in Guantanamo
 * Abdul Aziz Ismail (born 1981), Malaysian footballer
 * Abdul Aziz bin Talal bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud (born 1982), Saudi prince
 * Abdulaziz Abdelrahman (born 1982), Saudi singer
 * Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahman Abdul Aziz Al Baddah (born 1982), Saudi held in Guantanamo
 * Abdoul Aziz Hamza (born 1982), Nigerian footballer
 * Omar Abdel Aziz (born 1983), Egyptian squash player
 * Abdelaziz Kamara (born 1984), French-Mauritanian footballer
 * Omar Abdul Aziz (born 1985), Nigerian footballer
 * Mohamed Abdelaziz Tchikou (born 1985), Algerian footballer
 * Abdulaziz Hatem (born 1985), Qatari footballer
 * Abdoul-Aziz Nikiema (born 1985), Burkinabé footballer
 * Abdelaziz Tawfik (born 1986), Egyptian footballer
 * Abdul Aziz (footballer) (born 1986), Pakistani footballer
 * Abdulaziz Al-Kalthem (born 1987), Saudi footballer
 * Abdulaziz Al Sulaiti (born 1988), Qatari footballer
 * Abdulaziz Belraysh (born 1990), Libyan footballer
 * Abdul Aziz Tetteh (born 1990), Ghanaian footballer
 * Abdulaziz Fayez Al Alawi (born 1990), UAE footballer
 * Abdulaziz Al Salimi (born 1991), Kuwaiti footballer
 * Abdul Aziz Harun (born 1998), Brunei singer
 * Abd Al-Aziz Fawzan Al-Fawzan, Saudi writer and televisor
 * Abdul Aziz Said, Syrian-America political writer
 * Abdulaziz Sachedina, Tanzanian-American professor of religious studies
 * Abdul Aziz Mirza, Pakistani naval officer and diplomat
 * Amirsham Abdul Aziz, Malaysian businessman
 * Abdul Aziz Ghazi, Pakistani cleric
 * Abdul Aziz ibn Ayyaf Al-Miqrin, Saudi politician
 * Ibrahim Abdulaziz Sahad, Libyan politician
 * Abdul Aziz Abul, Bahraini politician
 * Mohamed Nazri Abdul Aziz, Malaysian politician
 * Abdul Aziz Abdul Kadir, Malaysian politician
 * Abdul Aziz Shamsuddin, Malaysian politician
 * Abdelaziz Kareem Salim al-Noofayee, Saudi held in Guantanamo
 * Abd-El-Aziz Yousef, Somali footballer

As patronymic

 * Umar II, called ibn 'Abd al-'Azīz (ca. 682–720), Umayyad caliph
 * Abū 'Ubayd 'Abd Allāh ibn 'Abd al-'Azīz al-Bakri (c. 1014–1094), Andalusi Arab geographer and historian
 * Yahya ibn Abd al-Aziz (ruled 1112–1152), ruler of the Hammadids (Berber dynasty)
 * Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud (ruled 1803–1814), ruler of Saudi Arabia
 * Saud Al Kabeer bin Abdulaziz bin Saud bin Faisal Al Saud (born 1878), Saudi prince
 * Turki I bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1900–1919), Saudi prince
 * Saud bin Abdul Aziz, or Saud of Saudi Arabia (1902–1969), King of Saudi Arabia
 * Faisal ibn Abdul Aziz Al Saud, or Faisal of Saudi Arabia (1904–1975). King of Saudi Arabia
 * Muhammad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1910–1988), prince in Saudi Arabia
 * Khalid bin Abdul Aziz, or Khalid of Saudi Arabia (1912–1982), King of Saudi Arabia
 * Saleh Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi (1921–2011), Saudi businessman
 * Fahd bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud, or Fahd of Saudi Arabia (1921–2005), King of Saudi Arabia
 * Abdullah bin Faisal Al Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz (1922–2007), Saudi prince and businessman
 * Bandar bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1923–2019), Saudi prince
 * Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz, or Abdullah of Saudi Arabia (1924–2015), King of Saudi Arabia
 * Mishaal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1926–2017), Saudi prince and politician
 * Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (born 1928), Saudi prince and politician
 * Sulaiman Abdul Aziz Al Rajhi (born 1929), Saudi businessman
 * Abdul-Rahman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1931–2017), Saudi prince and politician
 * Mutaib bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1931–2019), Saudi prince and politician
 * Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1932–2018), Saudi prince and politician
 * Badr bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (born 1933), Saudi prince
 * Turki II bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (born 1932/c. 1934–2016), Saudi prince and politician
 * Ahmed AbdulAziz AL-Sadoun, or Ahmed Al-Sadoun (born 1934), Kuwaiti politician
 * Fawwaz bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1934–2008), Saudi prince and politician
 * Nayef bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1934–2012), Saudi prince and politician
 * Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud or Salman of Saudi Arabia (born 1935), current Saudi King and politician
 * Samir Abd al-Aziz (born 1937), Iraqi politician
 * Sattam bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (born 1941), Saudi prince and politician
 * Ahmed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (born 1942), Saudi prince and politician
 * Abdul Majeed bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1943–2007), Saudi prince
 * Saud bin Abdelaziz bin Hamad Al Thani (born 1944), Qatari prince
 * Muqrin bin Abdulaziz (born 1945), Saudi prince and politician
 * Sami Abdul Aziz Salim Allaithy (born 1956), Egyptian held in Guantanamo
 * Nizar ben Abdelaziz Trabelsi, or Nizar Trabelsi (born 1970), Tunisian footballer and alleged terrorist
 * Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi prince and politician
 * Saud bin Abdulaziz bin Nasser Al Saud, Saudi prince convicted of murder
 * Muhammad Youssef Abdulazeez, perpetrator of the 2015 Chattanooga shootings

Women

 * Lobna Abdel Aziz (born 1935), Egyptian actress
 * Suad Nasr Abd El Aziz (1953–2007), Egyptian stage, television, and film actress
 * Yasmin Abdulaziz (born 1980), Egyptian actress

As patronymic

 * Umm al-Banin bint Abd al-Aziz (c 720s), wife of Umayyad caliph al-Walid.
 * Luluwah bint Abdulaziz Al Saud (c. 1928–2009), Saudi princess
 * Sultana bint Abdulaziz Al Saud (c. 1928–2009), Saudi princess
 * Al Bandari bint Abdulaziz Al Saud (1928–2008), Saudi princess

title: Abd al-Aziz


text:
Jay and the Americans

Jay and the Americans are an American rock group who formed in the late 1950s. Their initial line-up consisted of John "Jay" Traynor, Howie Kane (born Howard Kirschenbaum), Kenny Vance (born Kenneth Rosenberg) and Sandy Deanne (born Louis Sandy Yaguda), though their greatest success on the charts came after Traynor had been replaced as lead singer by Jay Black (born David Blatt) and Marty Sanders (born Martin Joe Kupersmith) were added to the line-up. They were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2002.

Early years
Originally called The Harborlites, they were discovered while performing in student venues at New York University in the late 1950s. They auditioned for Leiber and Stoller, who gave the group its name.

Career pinnacle
Soon they signed with United Artists Records. With Jay Traynor singing lead, they first hit the Billboard charts in 1962 with the tune "She Cried", which reached #5 (later covered by The Shangri-Las, Aerosmith, and others). The next two singles did not fare as well, and Traynor left the group. Empires' guitarist Marty Sanders (né Kupersmith) joined the group. He brought David Black (né Blatt) of "The Empires" in to take Traynor's place (after David first agreed to adopt the name Jay Black), and Black sang lead for the rest of the group's major hits.

They recorded "Only in America", a song originally meant for The Drifters. Other notable hits for Jay and the Americans were "Come a Little Bit Closer" in 1964, which hit #3, and "Cara Mia" in 1965, which hit #4. They also recorded a commercial for H.I.S. Slacks and a public service announcement for the Ad Council, featuring a backing track by Brian Wilson and Phil Spector. Two tracks from this era later found favor with the Northern Soul crowd: "Got Hung Up Along The Way" and "Living Above Your Head".

In 1966, the group was featured in the Universal comedy film, Wild Wild Winter, singing "Two of a Kind" at the film's finale, with surf band The Astronauts depicted as providing backup instrumentals. As of February 2017, the song has been released only on the 1966 soundtrack LP.

In 1969, they recorded an album of their favorite oldies called Sands of Time, which included "This Magic Moment", which was originally done by the Drifters. The single went to #6 in early 1969. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the R.I.A.A. in May 1969. "This Magic Moment" was the last top ten record for Jay and the Americans, although a follow-up album, Wax Museum, in January 1970, did yield the #19 hit single "Walkin' In The Rain", first recorded by The Ronettes. Their next singles failed to chart, and the band grew apart, but the demand for appearances remained. (Around the same time the band recorded "This Magic Moment", Jay and the Americans member Sandy Yaguda produced a Long Island teen sextet called The Tuneful Trolley. Their late-1968 Capitol LP, Island In The Sky — a hybrid of Beach Boys and Beatlesque psych-pop—was reissued in 2008 in the UK on Now Sounds.) From 1970 to 1971 Jay and the Americans' touring band included Walter Becker and Donald Fagen (of later Steely Dan fame) on backup bass guitar and electric organ. Becker and Fagen also contributed string and horn arrangements to the 1970 Jay and the Americans album Capture the Moment.

Split
The group split in 1973. All of the members moved on to solo musical careers, with the exception of Jay Black, who continued to perform as "Jay and the Americans", using a variety of musicians. The original version of "Cara Mia" went to #1 in the Netherlands when it was re-released in 1980. In 1991 EMI released the material on CD for the first time with the collection Come A Little Bit Closer.

In 2001, he was featured in the PBS special Rock, Rhythm, and Doo Wop as "Jay Black & The Americans".

Sale of the band name and "reunion"
In 2006, Jay Black filed for bankruptcy due to gambling debts, and his ownership of the name "Jay & The Americans" was sold by the bankruptcy trustee to Sandy Deanne (Yaguda), Black's former bandmate and original member of Jay & The Americans, for $100,000. With the name purchase, former members Deanne, Howard Kane, and Marty Sanders reunited, and recruited a sound-alike singer from Chicago, coincidentally nicknamed "Jay." Thus, John "Jay" Reincke became the third "Jay" and the band returned to playing both national and international music venues.

Until 2017, David Blatt continued to tour under his stage name, "Jay Black". In a 2014 interview, he announced that he had Alzheimer's; he continued to perform until 2017. Kenny Vance is currently the lead singer of Kenny Vance and the Planotones, a neo-doo wop band that he formed in the 1970s. After leaving the group, John Traynor recorded a handful of songs on the Coral label, including "I Rise, I Fall" in 1964. None were hits, but "I Rise, I Fall" became a minor hit for Johnny Tillotson. The label billed Traynor as "JAY formerly of Jay and the Americans." Traynor toured with Jay Siegel's Tokens until shortly before his death on January 2, 2014.

Black died on October 22, 2021, from complications of pneumonia and dementia. In a statement, Jay and the Americans acknowledged that Black and the rest of the group had experienced "both wonderful and very contentious times" but that they respected the success that they achieved with Black as their lead singer.

Awards and recognition
The group was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2002.

Current members

 * Darren Dowler – vocals (2024–present)
 * Marty Sanders – guitar, vocals (1962–1973, 2006–present)
 * Sandy Deanne – vocals (1960–1973, 2006–present; at select gigs 2024-present)
 * Jay Reincke – lead vocals (2006–present)
 * Rick Van Horn – drummer (2013–present)

Former members

 * Kenny Vance – vocals (1960–1973)
 * Jay Traynor – lead vocals (1960–1962; died 2014)
 * Howard Kane – vocals (1960–1973, 2006–2023; his death)
 * Jay Black – lead vocals (1962–2006; died 2021)
 * Brian Cano – drums (1969–2007)

Discography

 * Key: Billboard (BB), Cashbox (CB), and RPM charts peak positions

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jay and the Americans


text:
Talk:Eastern Slavic naming customs

A candidate for Guinness Book?
When I was doing some research for Wikipedia, google showed me a curious name: litvinenkovich@mail.ru

The surname "Litvinenkovich" is triple-patronymic generation: I.e. basically Lithuaniansonsonson :-) Can any surname beat it? Staszek Lem (talk) 18:45, 16 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Litvin - a nickname or surname
 * Litvinenok - son of Linvin
 * Litvinenkov - son of Litvinenok
 * Litvinenkovich - son of Litvinenkov

 * Is enok a patronymic or a diminutive? —Tamfang (talk) 22:41, 17 May 2023 (UTC)
 * It is both. I guess this construction originated as a patronymic nickname (kind of "Litvin Junior", "Little Litvin") an turned into a surname, as the nicknames go. Lokys dar Vienas (talk) 01:11, 18 May 2023 (UTC)

Makar
В одній сім'ї могли буди декілька людей з різними прізвищами.

Макар/Вакар (пастух)

Макаревич (1 син пастуха)

Макарев (котрих буде)

Макаревський (звідки)

Макаренко ( enko => ingo => ing )

Макарюк "/у/о/е/я+к" чи "ко"  для кращого звучання

Макарчий

In one family could have been several people with different surnames.

Makar / Wakar (shepherd) -ar profession sfx.

Makarevich (1 son of a Makar)

Makarov (who will be)

MMakarevsky (from the)

Makarenko (enko => ingo => ing)

Macarion suffix "/u/o/e/i + k" or "ko" for better sounding

Makarchi

95.133.33.39 (talk) 13:30, 22 June 2018 (UTC)

 * -enko == -ing
 * Улыбок тебе дед Макар! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.107.106.204 (talk) 23:45, 6 January 2020 (UTC)

Romanization
Note 1 below the table for the male names says: "The same romanization system is used for all three languages for comparative purposes."

I have few problems with it:

1. Exactly what "same" system is used in the table?

2. Provided romanizations are inconsistent and often wrong. For example:
 * At the 10th row Russian "Дмитрий" transliterated as "Dmitrij" with Cyrillic "й" represented as Latin "j". This is correct for Belarusian national romanization system, but for Russian and Ukrainian national systems Latin "i" should be used to represent Cyrillic "й" at this position (instead of "j"). And at the very next row Russian "Сергей" is transliterated as "Sergei" with Cyrillic "й" represented as Latin "i" - an obvious inconsistency.
 * At the 25th row Russian/Ukrainian/Belarusian Игорь/Ігор/Ігар transliterated as Igor/Ihor/Ihar with Cyrillic "г" represented as Latin "g" for Russian and as Latin "h" for Ukrainian and Belarusian (in accordance with their national romanization systems). This is contrary to the statement that "The same romanization system is used for all three languages for comparative purposes."

(Btw, transliteration of Ukrainian names across Wikipedia is an inconsistent mess. I would like to know if Wikipedia formally adopted some romanization system, because whatever it is it's not Ukrainian national system, often not even pre-2019 BGN/PCGN.) 178.165.48.194 (talk) 01:46, 15 October 2020 (UTC)

 * To your first point, I don't know what system is supposedly being used, but you're right that it's evidently not been followed consistently. To your second point, if we want a consistent system across languages (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian...), then it seems the only language-neutral romanization of Cyrillic is ISO 9. The question then is whether this is something we want to do. Would it be better to preserve the "Igor/Ihor/Ihar" distinction? Is there any actual gain in clarity from merging them all to "Igor"? Or are we just annoying a bunch of Ukrainians and Belarusians for no discernable benefit?
 * As for your parenthetical, there are two issues. One, by the naming conventions policy, Wikipedia is at the mercy of the English language's own inconsistency: if there's a common name in English, we use that, even if it doesn't fit the systematic romanization (e.g. Groysman, not Hroisman; arguably Zelensky, though that's complicated by there being multiple romanizations in use). And two, for Ukrainian specifically, there aren't any official policies, as such; we have WP:UKRAINIANNAMES and WP:UKROM, but they're more like guidelines. Following those guidelines, if there isn't a common name, then we should use the old Ukrainian national system (= BGN/PCGN), not the 2019 revision. So if you see romanizations that break those rules, please go ahead and change them! -- Perey (talk) 06:17, 8 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Thanks for replying.
 * `Would it be better to preserve the "Igor/Ihor/Ihar" distinction?` -- In the context of the article's table: yes, definitely preserve the distinction. If merged into "Igor" it will annoy at least some (or many) Ukrainians and Belarusians for no benefit. Besides, this name aren't the same in romanization, in Cyrillic writing and in pronunciation. The same logic applies to virtually all other names. One "almost exception" that I came up with is Ivan (Cyrillic ru/uk/by: Иван/Іван/Іван) which is romanized the same way and pronounced about the same way (IMHO), but it's still written differently in Cyrillic.
 * I'm not sure what is "old Ukrainian national system (= BGN/PCGN)". While there was plenty of national (and Soviet) romanization systems for Ukrainian, to my knowledge, none of them were fully in accordance with BGN/PCGN 1965. Per 2019 agreement the BGN/PCGN 1965 system replaced with the 2010 Ukrainian National system, but the 2010 Ukrainian National system isn't "old" - it is "current" and in force as of January 2022. Hopefully, the Ukrainian Government dropped the habit of changing romanization systems every 3 years for good.
 * Anyway, I skimmed both WP:UKRAINIANNAMES and WP:UKROM and they state that for general romanization:
 * "Ukrainian is transliterated using the Ukrainian National system of 2010" -- WP:UKRAINIANNAMES
 * "The Ukrainian National system of 2010 is used for general romanization of Ukrainian terms and names in Wikipedia. It is official for all proper names in Ukraine, and is used by the United Nations. It is intended for readers of English, and is easy to read and type. It also corresponds to the current UNGEGN 2013 and BGN/PCGN 2019 systems." -- WP:UKROM
 * A side note rant: Some Ukrainians believe(d) that BGN/PCGN 1965-compliant romanizations were "God's gifts", often without knowing about BGN/PCGN 1965 existence. Some find the 2010 Ukrainian National system ugly and ignore it as much as they could, others surprised to find out that Ukraine has any romanization standards at all. This same people will use the 2010 Ukrainian National system here and there without realizing it, mostly for geographical names, as even fans of BGN/PCGN 1965 don't write "Kyyiv" instead of "Kyiv" or "L'viv" instead of "Lviv". Some people even went to courts in attempts to change romanizations of their names, to no avail as Ukrainian laws don't allow this (one can change name in Cyrillic but not pick romanization, except if particular romanization of the name was already used in their existing documents). It's a mess, but the situation is getting better as people are getting more aware of and accustomed to the 2010 Ukrainian National system (for example, I see more use of it in online names and such).
 * Cheers! -- 178.165.48.194 (talk) 07:51, 3 January 2022 (UTC)

Vera as Slavic name
The article claims (in a caption) that Veruschka von Lehndorff's given name, Vera, is Slavic. I found this questionable (though not unbelievable). There is a Slavic root věra meaning "faith, belief", underlying the name Vera in Slavic cultures... but von Lehndorff is German, of German aristocratic descent. While she was born in East Prussia, perhaps making a Slavic name more likely, this statement needs a citation. If it can't be supported, it can perhaps still be rescued, by removing the claim of it being a Slavic name (in this instance) and simply pointing out that she's adopted a Slavic diminutive for her Slavic-compatible name. -- Perey (talk) 03:33, 8 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Taking a look at the article on the name Vera, it suggests that the name itself originated in Slavic languages and the only suggestion it had a different origin is poorly sourced. I would also argue that the fact it is being pared with a Slavic diminuitive makes it obvious that we are dealing with a Slavic name. Worth looking into but I don't think it merits a dubious tag.--Yellow Diamond Δ Direct Line to the Diamonds  01:24, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Proposal: replace name that is also name of commander of an army waging a war outside the borders of its country
I would like to propose no longer using the name that is also the name of the person currently in the position of Supreme-Commander-in-Chief of an army that is waging a war outside of the borders of its country. There seems to be no particular use for precisely this name to be used as an example, and readers - such as myself - (may) feel uncomfortable (to say the least) now that that name is used in the context of an article about naming customs, i.e. with no particular relation to that person.

I call on anyone knowledgeable to replace it with a name that can serve well as an example.Redav (talk) 00:30, 5 May 2022 (UTC)

Scope and Title
Either this article is only about russian names and is called russian names or it is about east Slavic names in general and keeps it's current title. Right now aside from a WP:LEDEBOMB it is only about russian names not east slavic ones—blindlynx 22:12, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

Reversion to pre-213.87.145.86 version
I have reverted this article to this version, before a series of edits by. These edits introduced a great deal of editorializing, POV, and just plain incorrect material, much of it written incomprehensibly. The edits also removed a lot of correct, properly sourced material. Most of the edits since then have been fairly minor, or have partially reverted or corrected the edits by 213.87.145.86. In my judgment it's easier to simply revert to this earlier version. —Psychonaut (talk) 15:42, 21 August 2022 (UTC)

in writing
Does the section "Anglicisation" say anything not equally applicable to writing in the source language(s)? —Tamfang (talk) 20:27, 5 January 2023 (UTC)

identifying a name

 * Eastern Slavic naming customs are the traditional way of identifying a person's family name, given name and patronymic name in East Slavic cultures in Russia and some countries formerly part of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.

Is that really all it is? The naming customs consist of recognizing that the patronymic ends (usually) in –vič/–vna, and like that? Nothing to do with the choice of a given name itself???? —Tamfang (talk) 04:40, 27 May 2023 (UTC)

 * I'm about confused as to what you're postulating... 25eanglin (talk) 03:44, 25 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I'm saying, if "the traditional way of identifying a person's family name, given name and patronymic name" is all it is, then the article need not be much more than one sentence: In Eastern Slavic naming customs, a person's given name is followed by a patronymic and a family name. There.  Now you know how to identify an Eastern Slavic person's family name, given name and patronymic name.  Oh, I guess for completeness it should mention that the patronymic usually ends in vič/vna.
 * What about (for a start) the repertoire of common names, with their etymologies? Taken literally, the lead sentence says that does not belong here. —Tamfang (talk) 02:54, 13 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Ah, yes, correct. 25eanglin (talk) 16:40, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eastern Slavic naming customs


text:
Talk:Liberalism/old version usages

A (very) short first remark
Capital-"L" Liberal and small-"l" liberal: In most countries, Capital-"L" Liberal is used to label the members of sympathizers of a Liberal Party, while small-"l" liberal is used to label the adherents of liberalism.

Political liberalism
Although the world's various self-defined liberal parties were originally founded on the Enlightenment tradition, the political usage of the term "liberalism" has significantly evolved from that tradition and has diverged from one country to another. The ideological content of this political liberalism depends on the geographical context. The original Enlightenment liberals were outsiders proposing a new order, but beginning in the late 19th century, liberals began coming to power in various countries.

Classical liberalism
The term "liberal" also refers to a tradition political philosophy that tries to circumscribe the limits of political power, and to define and support individual rights. This is often called classical liberalism and is related (though not identical) to the ideology known in the U.S. as libertarianism.

Economic liberalism and Neoliberalism
Economic liberalism and the closely related Neoliberalism insist upon the necessity of free trade and see no merit in a government that meddles in the marketplace. Some forms of economic liberalism oppose cartels and monopolies as market-distorting factors comparable to government intervention in markets; neoliberals are generally more tolerant of monopolies and cartels than of government regulation. Neoliberalism borrows from some of the ideas of classic liberalism, but departs significantly in other ways. Neoliberalism rejects the New Deal and welfarism and its popularity is typically ascribed to Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, who were politically quite distant from many of the non-economic views generally associated with liberalism and adhered to conservatism. See also capitalism.

New liberalism/modern liberalism (US)
Another common usage of the term "liberalism", originally specific to the United States although now gaining some currency in the UK, is as a shorthand for the ideology of "new" or "modern" liberalism -- also called social liberalism -- with left-leaning values similar to those of European social democracy.

Non-political usages
In addition to the political usages above, the term "liberal" is also used in theology to refer to people who hold to views which depart from their religion's orthodoxy. (See: liberal theology, Modernism (Roman Catholicism).) The term liberalism is also used for a position with respect to international relations that supports multilateral action and international governing bodies such as the United Nations.

title: Talk:Liberalism/old version usages


text:
Michael Cranford

Michael Cranford (born June 5, 1963) is a video game designer and programmer. As a designer and programmer his works include The Bard's Tale, The Bard's Tale II, and Dark Seed. Cranford left the video game industry in 1992 to pursue an academic career as an ethicist.

Game designer
Cranford was the designer and programmer of 1985's The Bard's Tale and 1986's The Bard's Tale II: The Destiny Knight role-playing video games published by Interplay Productions. He also programmed the Apple II version of Donkey Kong, the Commodore 64 version of Super Zaxxon, as well as Maze Master (a spiritual predecessor of The Bard's Tale). His last video game was Dark Seed for Cyberdreams in 1992. He left the video game industry to pursue graduate studies, and thus was not involved in the creation of 1988's The Bard's Tale III. Almost thirty years later, however, he was approached by inXile Entertainment to assist with the development of The Bard's Tale IV: Barrows Deep and had agreed to provide feedback and advice for the new game.

Academic career
He was a professor for eight years at Biola University in La Mirada, California, gaining his Master of Divinity degree from Biola and a master's degree in Social Ethics from the University of Southern California. He is currently an Adjunct Professor of Philosophy at Concordia University in Irvine, California. He studied architecture at the University of California, Berkeley and he holds a degree in philosophy from the University of California, and has completed a Ph.D. in Religion and Social Ethics from the University of Southern California, with a focus on ethics and technology.

Publications

 * Reprinted in
 * Reprinted in
 * Reprinted in
 * Reprinted in
 * Reprinted in

title: Michael Cranford


text:
Talk:Liberalism/classical

Liberalism and economics
There are three economic traditions within the broad stream of liberalism. The term economic liberalism normally refers to the economic views of classical liberals or neo-liberals rather than that of liberals in the U.S. sense. In a strictly U.S. context it can have that second meaning. In this article, we will avoid using that term in that U.S.-specific way.

Classical liberalism
Classical liberals have an identified theory of liberty, centered on notions of spontaneous order, natural law, property rights, and individual responsibility. They strongly differentiate genuine classical liberal authors from their contemporaries, and recognise among them John Locke (as opposed to Thomas Hobbes), David Hume (as opposed to Immanuel Kant), Adam Smith (as opposed to Jean-Jacques Rousseau); they consider John Stuart Mill as an author who wrote quite interesting things but not a genuine classical liberal; in his era they much prefer Frederic Bastiat. They favour a free market economy and reject any kind of government influence in society. They thus tend to be defiant to any kind of politics, including the politics of liberal politicians. Historically, classical liberalism has opposed mercantilism and socialism (as well as any form of collectivism).

title: Talk:Liberalism/classical


text:
Ford small block engine

The Ford small-block (aka Windsor V8) is a series of 90° overhead valve small-block V8 automobile engines manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from July 1961 to December 2000.

Designed as a successor to the Ford Y-block engine, it was first installed in the 1962 model year Ford Fairlane and Mercury Meteor. Originally produced with a displacement of 221 cuin, it eventually increased to 351 cuin, but was most commonly sold (from 1968–2000) with a displacement of 302 cu in (later marketed as 5.0 L).

Famed variants powered 289 Shelby Cobras to Trans-Am racing championships and the Ford GT-40 to wins at LeMans and 1-2-3 sweeps in its iconic 5L form. The Boss 302 also was a Trans-Am design.

The "Windsor V8" was installed in several of the company's most famous products, notably the Mustang, as well as the Mercury Cougar, Ford Torino, Ford Granada, Mercury Monarch, Ford LTD, Mercury Marquis, Ford Maverick, and Ford F-150 pickup.

For the 1991 model year, Ford began phasing in their new Modular V8 engine to replace the small-block, beginning with the Lincoln Town Car and continuing through the 1990s. The 2001 Explorer SUV was the last North American installation of the engine, and Ford Australia used it through 2002 in the Falcon and Fairlane.

Although sometimes called the "Windsor" by enthusiasts, Ford never used that designation for the engine line as a whole; it was only adopted well into its run to distinguish the 351 cuin version from the 351 cuin "Cleveland" version of the 335-family engine that had the same displacement but a significantly different configuration, and only ever used to refer to that specific engine in service materials. The designations for each were derived from the original locations of manufacture: Windsor, Ontario and Cleveland, Ohio.

From 1962 through the 1990s, these engines were marinized by various companies (except for the 255 cuin).

The small block remains available for purchase from Ford Performance Parts as a crate engine.

Overview
The small-block engine was introduced in the 1962 Ford Fairlane and Mercury Meteor cars. Displacing 221 cuin, it was designed to save weight, using thin-wall casting for a short-skirt block that does not extend below the centerline of the crankshaft. The engine uses a separate aluminum timing chain cover, which differentiates it from the later 335-series Cleveland engines that use an integrated timing cover. All Ford small-block engines use two-valve-per-cylinder heads, with "2V" and "4V" designations indicating the number of barrels (or venturi) in the carburetor. The valves are in-line and use straight six-bolt valve covers. Coolant is routed out of the block through the intake manifold.

The design was soon bored to 260 cuin and again to 289 cuin, then stroked to 302 cuin, settling on the most common displacement offered until the engine's retirement in 2001, nearly 40 years after the basic block design debuted. Two additional displacements were produced during the engine's history. A 351 cuin model was offered beginning in 1969 and continuing until 1996. The 351W (so identified to distinguish from the 335-series Cleveland 351C) uses a taller block than the other engines in the series to avoid excessively short connecting rods. And for a brief time in the early 1980s, a version with a smaller bore diameter that displaced 255 cuin was produced as Ford struggled with emissions and fuel economy.

In response to the Chevrolet Camaro's success in the SCCA Trans-Am Series, Ford engineers developed a new racing engine from the small block. The first attempt mated a tunnel-port head to a 289 cu in block, but the displacement proved to be too small to deliver the desired power. The next iteration of the engine mated an improved head design to the 302 cu in block, producing the famous "Boss 302". The heads from the Boss 302 became the production heads on the 335-series Cleveland engines, which used the same bore spacing and head bolt configuration as the small block engines.

As the 1980s drew to a close, Ford began the design of a new OHC V8 to replace the venerable small block design. The Modular 4.6 L OHC V8 debuted in the 1991 Lincoln Town Car, signaling the eventual demise of the OHV Ford small-block. Through the rest of the decade, Ford gradually shifted V8 applications to the Modular engine, with the Mustang transitioning in 1996. Even as the small-block neared the end of its life, development continued, with new cylinder heads introduced for the Ford Explorer in 1997. American sales in new vehicles ended with the 2001 Ford Explorer, but the engine continues to be offered for sale as a crate engine from Ford Racing and Performance Parts.

Design changes
All 221, 260, and 289 engines built from July 1961 through August 1964 used a five-bolt bell housing, with all 221s and 260s being of this configuration, but the 289 changed to the six-bolt arrangement at this time – the change was made to resolve transmission utilization issues, such as the need for larger-diameter clutches.

The block mount pads and the cylinder wall contour of the 221 and 260 engines changed in January–February 1963 with the introduction of the 289 variant – all 221 and 260 engine blocks up to this time featured "corrugated wall" construction with two core plugs on the side of each bank and engine mount hole pitch distances of 6 inch.

All three block variants from this point on featured the straight wall method of construction, three core plugs, and an engine mount hole pitch distance of seven inches. The corrugated wall method of block construction had caused cleaning difficulties in the foundry from day one and a change was phased in.

221
The first engine of this family, called the Fairlane V8, introduced for the 1962 model year as an option on the Fairlane and Meteor, had a displacement of 221 cuin, from a 3.5 in (89 mm) bore and 2.87 in (72.9 mm) stroke, with wedge combustion chambers for superior breathing. An advanced, compact, thinwall-casting design, it was 24 in wide, 29 in long, and 27.5 in tall (610 mm × 737 mm × 699 mm). It weighed only 470 lb (210 kg) dry despite its cast iron construction, making it the lightest and most compact V8 engine of its type of the era.

In stock form, it used a two-barrel carburetor and a compression ratio of 8.7:1, allowing the use of regular rather than premium gasoline. Valve diameters were 1.59 in (40.4 mm) (intake) and 1.388 in (35.3 mm) (exhaust). Rated power and torque (SAE gross) were 145 hp at 4,400 rpm and 216 lbft at 2,200 rpm.

The 221 was phased out end of May 1963 as a result of lackluster demand. About 371,000 had been produced.

255
In the late 1970s, an urgent need to meet EPA CAFE standards led to the creation of the 255 cuin version for the 1980 model year, essentially a 302 with the cylinder bores reduced to 3.68 in. The 302 was to be phased out and the 255 was to be an interim engine which would remain until the new V6 was in production. Rated power (SAE net) was 115–122 hp, depending on year and application. Cylinder heads, which were specific to this engine, used smaller combustion chambers and valves, and the intake ports were oval whereas the others were all rectangular. The only externally visible clue was the use of an open-runner intake manifold with a stamped-steel lifter valley cover attached to its underside, reminiscent of previous-generation V8 engines, such as the Y-block and the MEL.

It was optional in Fox-chassis cars including the Mustang (and corporate cousin Mercury Capri), Thunderbird, and Fairmont, and standard equipment in the Ford LTD. Some variants (such as the one used in the Mercury Grand Marquis) were fitted with a variable-venturi carburetor which were capable of highway fuel economy in excess of 27 mpgus. Due to its dismal overall performance, the 255 was dropped at the end the 1982 model year with 253,000 units manufactured; however, 302 production continued and the plans to phase it out were dropped.

Applications:
 * 1980–1981 Ford Fairmont
 * 1981–1982 Ford F-100
 * 1981–1982 Ford Granada
 * 1981–1982 Ford LTD
 * 1980–1982 Ford Mustang
 * 1980–1982 Ford Thunderbird
 * 1980–1982 Mercury Capri
 * 1980–1982 Mercury Cougar
 * 1981–1982 Mercury Marquis
 * 1980–1981 Mercury Zephyr

260
The second version of the Fairlane V8 was given the name Challenger, and was introduced during the middle of the 1962 model year (March 1962). It had a larger bore of 3.80 in (96.5 mm), increasing displacement to 260 cuin. Compression ratio was raised fractionally to 8.8:1. The engine was slightly heavier than the 221, at 482 lb (219 kg). Rated power (still SAE gross) rose to 164 hp at 4400 rpm, with a peak torque of 258 lbft at 2200 rpm.

For the 1962 and 1963 car model years, the valve head diameters remained the same as the 221, but for the 1964 car model year, they were enlarged to 1.67 in (42.4 mm) (intake) and 1.45 in (36.8 mm) (exhaust) – this was a manufacturing economy measure so that both 260 and 289 engines could use the same valves. Although the engine breathed better, and was capable of producing marginally more power, rated power was not changed.

In 1963, the 260 became the base engine on full-sized Ford sedans. Later in the model year, its availability was expanded to the Ford Falcon and Mercury Comet. The early "1964½" Ford Mustang also offered the 260.

Ford ceased production of the 260 at the end of the 1964 car model year with approximately 604,000 units having been made.

XHP-260
The special rally version of the Falcon and Comet and early AC Cobra sports cars of 1962 used a high-performance version of the 260 with higher compression, hotter camshaft timing, upgraded connecting rods, valves with larger diameter valve stems, stronger valve springs and a four-barrel carburetor. This engine was rated (SAE gross) 260 hp at 5800 rpm and 269 lbft at 4800 rpm. This engine was termed the HP-260 by Ford and was specifically made for Carroll Shelby – about 100 were made.

Sunbeam Tiger
The 1964–1966 Sunbeam Tiger Mk I used the 260.

The 1967 Sunbeam Tiger Mk II used the 289 ci in V8 when the 'build ahead' stocks of the 260 ran out.

289

The 289 cuin was also introduced in April 1963 and was also called the Challenger V8. Bore was expanded to 4.00 in, becoming the standard bore for most small block Ford engines. Stroke remained at 2.87 inches. The 289 weighed 506 lb (230 kg).

In 1963, the two-barrel (2V) 289 replaced the 260 as the base V8 for full-sized Fords. It had 8.7:1 compression and was rated at 195 hp (SAE gross) at 4,400 rpm and 285 lbft at 2,200 rpm.

D-code
In 1964, an intermediate performance version of the engine was introduced with a four-barrel carburetor and 9.0:1 compression, rated at 210 hp at 4,400 rpm and 300 lbft at 2,800 rpm.

The engine was an option on the 1965 Ford Mustang and was known as the "D-code" from the letter code used to identify the engine in the VIN.

The D-code engine is relatively rare, as it was only offered as an optional engine in the latter half of the 1964 model year.

Cyclone
This engine was marketed in the 1964 Mercury Comet Cyclone as the "Cyclone" and carried a K-code in its Mercury VIN. This engine is not the same engine as the HiPo K-code engine offered in Ford vehicles.

C-code
For 1965, the compression ratio of the base 289 was raised to 9.3:1, increasing power to 200 hp at 4,400 rpm and torque to 282 lbft at 2,400 rpm.

In 1968, the two-barrel was reduced to 195 hp.

A-code
In 1965, the four-barrel (4V) version was increased to 10.0:1 compression, and was rated at 225 hp at 4,800 rpm and 305 lbft at 3,200 rpm.

The 289-4V was also the engine for the Australian Ford XR Falcon GT, its first Falcon GT,.

Production numbers
Around 3,500,000 289-2V and 289-4V engines were made at Cleveland Engine Plant 1 (CEP1) and 800,000 289-2V at Windsor Engine Plant 1 (WEP1) in 1963-1967.

289 HiPo (K-code)

A high-performance version of the Challenger 289 engine was introduced late in the 1963 model year as a special order for Ford Fairlanes. The engine is informally known as the HiPo or the "K-code" (after the engine letter used in the VIN code of cars so equipped). It was the only 289 engine available in the intermediate Fairlanes, with lesser-powered cars receiving the 260 V8. Starting in June 1964, it became an option for the Mustang.

The HiPo engine was engineered to increase performance and high-rpm reliability over the standard 289. It had solid valve lifters with more aggressive cam timing; 10.5:1 compression; a dual point centrifugal advance distributor; smaller combustion chamber heads with cast spring cups and screw-in studs; low-restriction exhaust manifolds; and a bigger, manual-choke 595 CFM carburetor (105 CFM more than the standard 289-4V). The water pump had fewer vanes (to minimize high rpm foaming and cavitation), the fuel pump received an extra spring to keep up with high rpm demand, alternator/generator pulleys were larger diameter, respectively (to slow their relative speeds at high engine revs), and a special fan was fitted.

Bottom-end high-rpm improvements included a flaw-free selected standard block, thicker main bearing caps and crankshaft damper/balancer, larger-diameter rod bolts, a crankshaft made from 80% nodular iron as opposed to the regular item's 40% (with each one checked for correct 'nodularity' by polishing an area of the rear counterweight and comparing a magnification of that surface against a standard), and increased crankshaft counterweighting to compensate for the heavier connecting rod big ends. (The external counter weighting at the front was split between the crankshaft damper and a supplementary counterweight place adjacent to the front main bearing journal, all designed to reduce the 'bending moment' in the crankshaft at high-rpm.)

The HiPo equipped with a single 4-barrel Autolite 4100 carburetor carried SAE gross ratings of 271 bhp at 6,000 rpm and 312 lbft at 3,400 rpm.

The K-code HiPo engine was an expensive option and its popularity was greatly diminished after the 390 and 428 big-block engines became available in the Mustang and Fairlane lines, which offered similar power (at the expense of greater weight, and worsened front/rear weight distribution) with cheaper parts at far less cost.

GT-350
The HiPo engine was used in modified form by Carroll Shelby for the 1965–1967 Shelby GT350, receiving special exhaust headers, an aluminum intake manifold, and a larger 4-barrel Holley 715 CFM carburetor, which rated power to 306 bhp at 6,000 rpm and 329 lbft at 4,200 rpm of torque. Shelby also replaced the internal front press-in oil gallery plugs with threaded plugs to reduce chances of high rpm failure, and installed a larger oil pan with baffles to reduce oil starvation in hard cornering.

From 1966 to 1968, Shelby offered an optional Paxton supercharger on Shelby GT350 289s, raising power to around 390 hp.

Production numbers
About 25,000 K-code 289s were manufactured at Cleveland Engine Plant 1 (CEP1) between March 1963 and June 1967.

2-Bolt main bearing caps

By 1967, the Ford GT40 MKII and GT40 MKIV had dominated the Le Mans 24-Hour Race for two consecutive years, using various versions of the Ford big-block engine. In an attempt to reduce the high speeds, the organizers of this race capped the engine capacity in 1968. Ford consequently returned to the MKI GT40 (originally using the Windsor 289), but had now increased its capacity to meet the new rules. Since Ford had ruled that the GT40 engines must have a direct link back to its production cars, the 302 was adopted in domestic manufacturing.

In 1968, the small-block Ford stroke was increased from 2.87 in to 3 in, giving a total displacement of 4942 cc. The connecting rods were shortened to allow the use of the same pistons as the 289. The new 302 replaced the 289 early in the 1968 model year.

The most common form of this engine used a two-barrel carburetor, initially with 9.5:1 compression. It had hydraulic lifters and valves of 1.773 in (intake) and 1.442 in (exhaust), and was rated (SAE gross) at 220 hp at 4,600 rpm and 300 lbft at 2,600 rpm. Optional was a four-barrel version rated at 230 hp at 4,800 rpm.

Along with the move came most changes that stayed with it for the remainder of its life. These were longer valve stems with rotating lash caps, bottle neck type rocker studs for a positive stop nut arrangement and a longer pushrod to correct valve train geometry. The water pump borrowed from the 351 Cleveland, with a few minor alterations to the casting, allowed the use of a left hand water inlet. (this improved water circulation in the radiator to a more cross-flow direction). This change also necessitated the need for a harmonic damper change to move the timing marks to the other side of the front timing cover and a change to four bolts holding the crank pulley rather than just three.

Emission regulations caused a progressive reduction in compression ratio for the 302 two-barrel, to 9.0:1 in 1972, reducing SAE gross horsepower to 210 hp. In that year, U.S. automakers began to quote horsepower in SAE net ratings; the 302 two-barrel carried a net rating of 140 hp. By 1975, its power had dropped as low as 122 hp in some models. Until fuel injection began to appear in the 1980s, net power ratings did not rise above 210 hp.

From the 1978 model year, the 302 became more commonly known as the 5.0 Liter, although its metric displacement is 4942 cc. Despite Ford's usage, Car and Driver referred to the 302 as a 4.9-liter engine. Other terms for it included "5-Oh", "5-Point-Oh", and "5 Liter".

Throttle-body fuel injection became available on the 1980 Lincoln Continental, and became standard on all non-H.O. 5.0 engines for 1983. For the 1986 model year, Ford replaced the throttle-body system with sequential multi-port fuel injection, identifiable by the large intake with an "EFI 5.0" badge on top.

Variants of the engine remained in use in Ford passenger cars and light trucks through the mid-1990s, and in SUVs until 2001.

 * 1968–1970 Ford Fairlane (Americas)
 * 1968–1970 Ford Falcon (North America)
 * 1968–1995 Ford Mustang
 * 1968–1974 Ford Galaxie
 * 1968–1996 Ford Econoline
 * 1968–1986 Ford LTD (Americas)
 * 1969–1991 Ford Country Squire
 * 1969–1974 Ford Torino
 * 1969–1996 Ford F-Series
 * 1969–1996 Ford Bronco
 * 1971–1977 Ford Maverick
 * 1972–1979 Ford Ranchero
 * 1975–1980 Ford Granada (North America)
 * 1977–1981, 1983–1988, 1991–1993 Ford Thunderbird
 * 1977–1979 Ford LTD II
 * 1978–1979 Ford Fairmont
 * 1978–1991 Ford LTD Crown Victoria
 * 1996–2001 Ford Explorer
 * 1968–1969 Mercury Cyclone
 * 1968–1976 Mercury Montego
 * 1969–1991 Mercury Colony Park
 * 1969–1977 Mercury Comet
 * 1975–1980 Mercury Monarch
 * 1968, 1977–1981, 1983–1988, 1991–1993 Mercury Cougar
 * 1979–1986 Mercury Capri
 * 1983–1991 Mercury Grand Marquis
 * 1979–1986 Mercury Marquis
 * 1997–2001 Mercury Mountaineer
 * 1977–1980 Lincoln Versailles
 * 1980, 1982–1987 Lincoln Continental
 * 1980–1983 Continental Mark VI
 * 1984–1985 Continental Mark VII
 * 1986–1992 Lincoln Mark VII
 * 1981–1990 Lincoln Town Car
 * 1989–2003 Laforza

GT-350
For 1968 only, a special high-performance Shelby-modified version of the 302 was offered by Ford in the Shelby GT350. The main features included: an angled, high-rise aluminum or iron intake manifold, a larger Holley four-barrel carburetor, and bigger valves of 1.78 in intake and 1.6 in exhaust. It had a longer-duration camshaft, still with hydraulic lifters. The heads had special close-tolerance pushrod holes to guide the pushrods without rail rocker arms or stamped steel guide plates. The combustion chambers also featured a smaller quench design for a higher compression ratio and enhanced flow characteristics. Additionally, high-flow cast exhaust manifolds similar to those on the 289 Hi-Po K-code engine further improved output. Heavy-duty connecting rods with high-strength bolts and a nodular iron crankshaft were also included in this package. Rated power (SAE gross) was estimated at 315 hp at 6,000 rpm and 333 lbft at 3,800 rpm.

The package, which cost $692 including some other equipment, was not popular and did not return for 1969. This engine is well documented in the Ford factory engine repair manual for 1968 Mustangs and Fairlanes.

5.0 H.O.
The 1982 model year brought a new 5.0 High Output variation of the 302. Manual-transmission equipped Mustangs and Mercury Capris were first equipped with two-barrel carburetors (1982), then a four-barrel Holley carburetor (1983–85). The block was fitted with revised, taller lifter bosses to accept roller lifters, and a steel camshaft in 1985, and electronic sequential fuel injection was introduced in 1986. While sequential injection was used on the Mustang beginning in 1986, many other vehicles, including trucks, continued to use a batch-fire fuel injection system. The speed-density based ECU-controlled electronic fuel-injection (EFI) systems used a large, two-piece, cast-aluminum manifold. It was fitted on all 302 engines through 1988, after which year it was phased out for a mass airflow sensor (MAF) system in most applications (non–California compliant Panther platform cars retained the speed-density system until the Lincoln Town Car received the 4.6 L OHC Modular V8 for model year 1991, and the Crown Victoria and Grand Marquis for 1992).

The same manifold was used in MAF applications, with the addition of the MAF sensor in the air intake tube. The MAF system continued, with minor revisions, until the retirement of the engine in 2001. Ford offered a performance head that was a stock part on 1993–1995 Mustang Cobra models and pre-1997 ½ Ford Explorers and Mercury Mountaineers equipped with the 5.0 L engine called the GT-40 head (casting ID F3ZE-AA). In mid-1997, the Explorer and Mountaineer 5.0 L heads were revised and renamed GT40P. The GT40P heads, unlike the GT40 heads, had a very well-developed port shape/design which yielded about 200 cfm on the intake side and 140 cfm on the exhaust side without increasing the size of the ports at all from standard E7TE castings, and without increasing the exhaust valve size. These highly-efficient heads also had smaller 59–61 cc combustion chambers for added compression, and the combustion chamber shape was revised to put the spark plug tip near the center of the chamber for a more even burn.

The 302 is still available as a complete crate motor from Ford Racing Performance Parts.

Applications:
 * 1982–1995 Ford Mustang
 * 1982–1986 Mercury Capri
 * 1984–1985 Ford Sierra XR8 (South Africa)
 * 1987–1992 Lincoln Mark VII (1987 LSC models only)
 * 1991–1993 Ford Thunderbird
 * 1991–1993 Mercury Cougar
 * 1991–2002 Ford Falcon
 * 1991–2002 Ford Fairlane/Ford LTD
 * 1996–2001 Ford Explorer
 * 1997–2001 Mercury Mountaineer
 * 1990–1996 Panoz Roadster

Marine 302
The 302 was marinized and offered in both standard and reverse-rotation setups.

5.6
In 2001, Ford Australia also built some stroked, 5.6 L (5,605 cc, 342 cu in) small blocks with reworked GT40P heads (featuring larger valves), a unique eight-trumpet inlet manifold fitted with a unique throttle body, long-throw crank, H-beam rods, and roller rockers. Used in vehicles known as “T” series Ford Falcons and XR8 Pursuit 250 in their last collaboration (and possibly the last production use of the small block) in 2001–2002. Vehicles fitted with these stroker engines were sold under the banner of, and only available from dealers under the FTE banner (Ford Tickford Experience). They were produced in conjunction with long standing performance partner Tickford. They produced 335 hp at 5,250 rpm and 369 lbft at 4,250 rpm. The 5.6 litres of displacement were reached by lengthening the stroke from 3.0 in to 86.4 mm.

GT-40
In response to a new LeMans regulation which limited engine displacement to 5 L, Ford added an extra 1/8-inch of piston travel to the 289 Hi-Performance V8, yielding the 302 cuin block. It featured heavy-duty four-bolt main bearing caps and pressed in core plugs, and was topped with Gurney-Weslake aluminum heads.

Tunnel-Port 302
Ford's new 302 "Tunnel-Port" engine was originally envisioned as the secret weapon for the 1968 Trans-Am racing season, which would bring them a third Championship win.

Starting with a 1967 GT-40 block, Ford topped the engine with a new head design. The new heads were based on the design of Ford's NASCAR 427 heads. The intake ports were straight, instead of snaking around the push rods. The push rods actually went through the center of the ports (thus the name "Tunnel-Port"). This configuration also enabled larger valves to be used.

The 302 tunnel-port motor was topped off with an aluminum dual quad intake.

Shelby dyno sheets showed this engine was capable of producing horsepower in the 440 to 450 range, and operated through a very high rpm band (8000+).

Boss 302

Originally the "302 H.O.", the Boss 302 was a performance variant of the small block designed to allow Ford to wrest back the Trans-Am racing championship from the Camaro Z/28. Inspired by chief engineer Bill Gay and realized by Bill Barr, it put large-port, large-valve, quench-chambered, free-flowing "Cleveland"-type cylinder heads (adapted from the design destined for the 351 Cleveland to debut later in 1969) on a special racing block to improve rated power to 290 hp. According to some reports, the canted-valve, deep-breathing, high-revving engine could produce more than 310 hp, although it was equipped with an electrical revolution limiter that restricted maximum engine speed to 6,150 rpm. The 302 H.O. borrowed some components (and approach) from the 289 HiPo. A strong 4-bolt main bottom end, thicker cylinder walls, steel screw-in core plugs, aggressive forged-steel crank, special HD connecting rods, and Cleveland-style forged pistons were geared to racing. The Boss 302 Mustang was offered only for the 1969 and 1970 model years. In the January 2010 issue of Hot Rod magazine, a Boss 302 engine built to the exact specifications, settings, and conditions of the original engine was tested. It produced 372 hp at 6,800 rpm and 325 lb-ft of torque at 4,200 rpm.

351W

The 351W (Windsor) made its debut in 1969; it is often confused with the Ford 351 Cleveland, a different engine of near identical displacement that also began production in 1969. The 5766 cc Windsor featured a 32.5 mm taller deck height than the 289/302, allowing a stroke of 3.5 in. It was initially rated (SAE gross) at 250 hp with a two-barrel carburetor (referred to as "2V" in engine designations) or 290 hp with a four-barrel (designated "4V"). Emissions compliance led to a compression drop in 1971, and When Ford switched to net power ratings in 1972 power ratings had fallen to 153 to 161 hp.

Although very much related in general configuration to the 289/302, in that the three engines share the same bellhousing, motor mounts, and other small parts, the 351W had larger main bearing caps, thicker and longer connecting rods, and a distinct firing order (1-3-7-2-6-5-4-8 versus the usual 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8, a means to move the unacceptable "noise" of the consecutively-firing adjacent front cylinders to the sturdier rear part of the engine block all while reducing excessive main bearing load), adding some 25 lb to the engine's dry weight. The distributor is slightly different, to accommodate a larger oil pump shaft and larger oil pump. Some years had threaded dipstick tubes.

The head castings and valve head sizes from 1969 to 1976 were different, notably in passages for air injection and spark plug diameters (1969–1974 18 mm, 1975 and up 14 mm). From 1977 onward, the 351W shared the same head casting as the 302, differing only in bolt hole diameters (7/16 inch for the 302, 1/2 inch for the 351W). Early blocks (casting ID C9OE-6015-B) had enough metal on bearing saddles 2, 3, and 4 for four-bolt mains, and as with all small-block Fords (SBFs), were superior in strength to most late-model, lightweight castings. Generally, the 1969 to 1974 blocks are considered to be far superior in strength than the later blocks, making these early units some of the strongest and most desirable in the entire SBF engine family including the 335-series. During the 1980s, a four-barrel version (intake manifold casting ID E6TE-9425-B) was reintroduced for use in light trucks and vans. In 1988, fuel injection replaced the four-barrel carburetor. Roller camshaft/lifters were introduced in this engine in 1994.

The original connecting rod beam (forging ID C9OE-A) featured drilled oil squirt bosses to lubricate the piston pin and cylinder bore and rectangular-head rod bolts mounted on broached shoulders. A number of fatigue failures were attributed to the machining of the part, so the bolt head area was spot-faced to retain metal in the critical area, requiring the use of 'football head' bolts. In 1975, the beam forging (D6OE-AA) was updated with more metal in the bolt-head area. The oil squirt bosses were drilled for use in export engines, where the quality of accessible lubricants was questionable. The rod cap forging remained the same on both units (part ID C9OE-A). In 1982, the design of the Essex V6 engine used a new version of the 351W connecting rod (E2AE-A), the difference between the two parts was that the V6 and V8 units were machined in metric and SAE units, respectively. The cap featured a longer boss for balancing than the original design.

In 1971 block deck height was extended from 9.480 to 9.503 in (casting D1AE-6015-DA) to lower the compression ratio to reduce emissions without the need to change piston or cylinder-head design. In 1974, a boss was added on the front of the right cylinder bank to mount the air injection pump (casting D4AE-A). In 1974, the oil dipstick tube moved from the timing case to the skirt under the left cylinder bank near the rear of the casting. In 1984, the rear main seal was changed from a two-piece to a single-piece design.

Around 8.6 million 351W engines were manufactured between 1969 and 1996 at the Windsor Engine Plant Number One.

Applications:
 * 1969–1974 Ford Galaxie
 * 1969–1970 Ford Mustang
 * 1969–1971 Mercury Cougar
 * 1969–1991 Ford Country Squire
 * 1969–1970 Ford Fairlane (Americas)
 * 1970–1976 Ford Torino
 * 1974–1976 Ford Elite
 * 1975–1996 Ford E series
 * 1977–1979 Ford LTD II
 * 1977–1979 Ford Thunderbird
 * 1979–1996 Ford Bronco
 * 1979–1982 Ford LTD (Americas)
 * 1979–1991 Ford LTD Crown Victoria (after 1982, this engine would only be sold for police sales in the U.S.)
 * 1987–1997 Ford F-Series
 * 1977–1979 Mercury Cougar (station wagons only)
 * 1978, 1986–1991 Mercury Colony Park
 * 1978–1982 Mercury Marquis
 * 1986–1991 Mercury Grand Marquis
 * 1980 Continental Mark VI
 * 1995 Ford Mustang SVT Cobra R

Marine 351
From the late 1960s through the early to mid-1990s, the 351 Windsor had a long history of being marinized by Holman Moody Marine, Redline of Lewiston, ID (now defunct), Pleasure Craft Marine (PCM), and Indmar for use in about every make of recreational boat, including; Correct Craft, Ski Supreme, Hydrodyne, MasterCraft, and Supra inboard competition ski boats. The early marinized engines were rated at 220 hp. Most PCM and Indmar marinized 351s were rated at 240 hp. In the early 1990s, a 260 hp version and a high-output version that used GT-40 heads and the Holley 4160 marine carburetor was rated at 285 hp. A few 351 GT-40/HO engines were marinized equipped with throttle-body fuel injection (TBI) and were rated at 310 hp. The marine industry's relationship with the 351W platform ended when Ford was unable or unwilling to compete with GM's production of TBI- and MPI-equipped engines in mass quantity. During that time, the recreational marine community's small-block V8 platform of choice shifted to the 350 cu in (5.7 L) Chevrolet L31 (Vortec 5700) engine series.

Crate engines
In the 2000s, Ford Racing Performance Parts sold two "Boss" crate engines and at least one 351 block. Most Ford racing versions of the 302 and 351 feature a siamesed bore and many of them feature drilled coolant crossover holes.

FR Boss 302
The new Boss 302 engine was unveiled in the 2006 SEMA show.

FR Boss 351W
The "Racing Boss 351" (not to be confused with the Ford 335 engine Cleveland-based Boss 351) is a crate engine based on the 351 cuin Ford Windsor engine, but uses Cleveland sized 2.75 in main bearing journals. Deck height choices include 9.2 in and 9.5 in. Maximum displacements are 4.25 in stroke and 4.125 in bore. The resulting maximum displacement is undefined cuin.

The uncross-drilled block with increased bore capacity became available from the third quarter of 2009. A 427 cuin Boss 351-based crate engine producing 535 hp was available from the first quarter of 2010.

In 2010, the MSRP for the Boss 351 block was US$1,999.

title: Ford small block engine


text:
Air and Space Organizational Excellence Award

The Air and Space Organizational Excellence Award (ASOEA) is a unit award of the United States Air Force and United States Space Force created by the Secretary of the Air Force on 26 August 1969 as the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award. The award is presented to Air Force and Space Force internal organizations that are entities within larger organizations. Examples of eligible organizations are MAJCOM headquarters, Field Operating Agencies, Direct Reporting Units, and other unique unnumbered organizations.

On 16 November 2020, the Air Force Organizational Excellence Award was renamed to the Air and Space Organizational Excellence Award by the Secretary of the Air Force.

Criteria
The Air and Space Organizational Excellence Award is awarded to recognize the achievements and accomplishments of various Air Force and Space Force activities and organizations. It is awarded to internal Air Force and Space Force organizations that are entities of larger organizations. These are unique unnumbered organizations or activities that perform functions typically fulfilled by numbered wings, groups, or squadrons.

Description
The Air and Space Organizational Excellence Award is presented as a service ribbon only. The ribbon is Old Glory Red with a 1/8 in wide Old Glory Blue center stripe, flanked by a thin 1/16 in white stripes. At the edges are 1/8 in wide Old Glory Blue stripes bordered, on the inside, by thin 1/16 in white stripes.

Additional awards of are denoted by bronze oak leaf clusters worn on the ribbon. The "V" device (discontinued January 1, 2014) was authorized to be worn for the units participating in combat operations and or direct combat support.


text:
Talk:Crossover (fiction)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 7 January 2020 and 15 April 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Naruwitch.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 18:43, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Comment
Has anyone seen that Swiffer commercial with Florence from The Jeffersons, Rosario from Will & Grace, Alice from The Brady Bunch, Benson from Soap and Benson, and Geoffrey from The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air?

What category would that be in? Because honestly, the ones here are a little confusing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mole (talk • contribs) 17:21, 26 July 2004

No one really likes posting here when the categories are this confusing. I know, I made them. If anyone wants to reorganize them in some form, or explain them in better terms, go ahead. Ihavenolife —Preceding undated comment added 04:56, 26 September 2004

It seems to me that the place to start is by defining the different types a little better - these categories are both confusing and in some cases, counter-intuitive. What did you have in mind for each of them when you created them? Lokicarbis 06:38, Jan 23, 2005 (UTC)

Why is the article under the plural 'fictional crossovers' and 'fictional crossover' a redirect? 213.236.117.2 14:28, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

List of crossovers really necessary?
The current lists of different crossover occurrences seem to be both too long, too unorganized, and too incomplete (to me, anyway).

I think perhaps just having one or two examples of each style of crossover would be better than having a massive jumbled list.

Anyone else agree / disagree / have other ideas? — Preceding unsigned comment added by The Rizz (talk • contribs) 19:08, 24 December 2004

 * Sign your comments. I have added the cleanup banner to this section.  Programme titles must be in italics.  Period.  In addition, there is a lot of "creative capitalization" in this section, and incomplete sentences.  Since it's such a mess and will have to be cleaned up by parties not responsible for the mess, I agree with the anon poster above: let's whittle it down, or get rid of it altogether.  The list has become a fanboy magnet and is neither comprehensive nor cohesive enough to be considered encyclopedic. Canonblack 04:12, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi all. Perhaps, given that the list is rather long and unwieldy, a special 'list of fictional crossovers' page could be created and maintained? That way, the discussion of each type (general, parody, etc) could be shortened and a lengthy list of examples could be provided with a separate link. --Joseph Q Publique 04:56, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, I've cleaned up the article and tried to make it a bit more focused and tighter on the topic. Anyone who's wondering where the massive list has gone to, don't worry; the list has been transferred to it's own page, which can be added to whenever by whoever. It's the 'List of fictional crossovers' link in the 'See also' section. Anyone who wants to edit my no doubt random ramblings, please feel free :-). --Joseph Q Publique 08:35, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Regretfully, I would say a list of crossovers is useful. There are a number of practical reasons, including that people who are being introduced to a work may be unaware it has a greater extent than first appears. (And that they may not be "starting at the beginning".)

 * What I regret is over-analysis by fans. When a work is of marginal importance in the first place, a minor crossover to get attention is more on the order of a marketing ploy than an artistic statement. In conjunction, many modern TV and comic characters are written so loosely they could fit in any number of places. Some incarnations of a character differ so much, it would be appropriate to call them crossovers! 76.102.1.129 (talk) 08:55, 9 August 2013 (UTC)

 * list of TV show crossovers

Wouldn't it be more appropriate to have a list of TV crossovers? There is already a list of video game crossovers article. there are a lot of TV crossovers that seem completely ridicules but are awesome( like Mission Impossible and Bewitched). TV producers sometimes crossover other shows that they are producing( like Magnum P.I. and Murder She Wrote, or the Hawaii Five-0 crossovers). I think a list of all of the TV crossovers would be useful for viewers to understand it or something. Maybe sections for a description of the reason for the crossover like who's idea it was( like the producer of Hawaii Five-0 who also produced Magnum P.I. (2018)and Macgyver (2016)). I would be happy to make contributions if an admin could create the page for it. probably a comic book one, too PortalMan2 (talk) 06:44, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

 * Administrators do not have any more rights to create pages than other editors. You could create the article yourself, if you can find relevant sources. Dimadick (talk) 17:25, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

Conan meeting Elric was referenced many subsquent times.
I must disagree with this article. Conan meeting Elric was not some one-shot deal with no consquences. The wizard Kulan Gath died in that crossover, and when he next met Conan in Conan the Barbarian I#253-260, in issue#259, he referenced his death in that issue, calling Elric an "albino". Not only that, but in Savage Sword of Conan#189, Zukala also recalled meeting Elric. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.188.116.136 (talk • contribs) 22:59, 20 February 2005

I removed a section about Superman being real in the Seinfeld universe, based on one conversaion in the series. Seinfeld characters frequently talk about stuff they know nothing about. DJ Clayworth 13:57, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, somebody has gone and replaced it. I do not agree that Superman is "real" in the Seinfeld universe.  Jerry and George are simply Superman fans and discuss him frequently.  It's meant as a verbal game the characters play, much like a thought experiment although that's probably givign it too much weight.  I don't think it was ever meant to imply that Superman "exists" in the Seinfeld universe in the sense that one could meet him on the street, or see him flying overhead.  I'm removing the comment from the article. Canonblack 04:18, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree with the deletion of Superman in Seinfeld. Using the word "universe" for most works of fiction is fairly pretentious, anyhow. Writers always try to be coherent. I don't see shows such as Seinfeld as having any "universe" at all, it's more like everyday people meeting regularly in everyday circumstances. The use of "universe" is pretentious in much comic usage, too. Throwing characters together for bizarre encounters can be amusing, but it's rarely significant. For example, I haven't read a Superman comic for years. And yet, if I picked any random one off the news stand, I'm confident I'd understand within a couple minutes almost everything that was going on. That is to say, the ten years I've missed of all these "crossovers" ultimately has almost no affect on my reading. 76.102.1.129 (talk) 09:05, 9 August 2013 (UTC)

Minor inaccuracy
Captain N took place in Video Land (as explicitly stated in the show's opening) and not N-World. Unless someone makes a similar show based on the N-Gage I doubt anyone would give such a name to a video-game uni/multi-verse. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.248.122.134 (talk • contribs) 14:27, 29 October 2005

Considered to be PD?

 * or through the incorporation of characters and fictional universes within the public domain (or those that are at least considered to be; examples include Sherlock Holmes, Dracula, etc)

Sherlock Holmes? Dracula? Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (d. 1930) and Bram Stoker (d. 1912) certainly died before January 1, 1936, putting the works in the public domain in life-plus-50 and life-plus-70 countries. Only a few SH stories remain eligible for copyright in the United States. So are we talking about Mexico (life plus 100)? Or are we talking about use of trademark as an ersatz copyright against derivative works? --Damian Yerrick (☎) 23:53, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Batman Crossover
I've forgotten the name of the characters that appear in an episode of Batman. Batman and Robin are climbing up a building when two people, dressed in green suits and hats, open a window and ask something. I know they originated on another episode of Batman, but I have forgotten the name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.212.152.106 (talk • contribs) 11:04, 21 April 2006

I can't recall if I've seen that episode or not, but it sounds like you are talking about the Green Hornet and Kato. The GH show was produced by the same people so they cross-over once or twice. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.196.152.192 (talk • contribs) 18:23, 1 August 2006

Renaming discussion
The category and the name of this article are currently being discussed for renaming WP:CFD. Some are proposing a complete reversal of title word order to Crossover fiction. // Fra nkB 02:06, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

The_Jimmy_Timmy_Power_Hour
Um, here's one. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.160.205.13 (talk • contribs) 21:03, 5 August 2006

Video Game crossovers
Super Robot Wars and Namco X Capcom, as well as all the Marvel vs. Capcom and other similar fighting games could be added into the page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.85.162.92 (talk • contribs) 03:47, 13 September 2006

WikiProject Fan Fiction template
I have added the WP Fan Fiction template because this article is used as a reference for "crossover" in some fan fiction articles and a lot of crossovers are fan fiction. This of course does not imply that all crossovers are (as they obviously are not), but a lot are, etc.,etc., so... yeah. Hence the template. Runa27 23:05, 27 October 2006 (UTC)

List of spin-offs
I think the list of spin-offs is becoming too long and unwieldy; we only need a handful to illustrate the overall point that certain shows that have spin-offs do crossover with each other. Furthermore, whilst I'm not familiar with every show in that list, it seems to have become more a general listing of shows which have spin-offs rather than shows with spin-offs that have crossed over with each other to me, or lists of shows that can be connected by crossovers without actually being spin-offs from each other.--Joseph Q Publique 01:21, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

Article overhaul
With apologies to everyone whose contributions I just lopped off, I adopted a bold stance and did a thorough overhaul of the article. It was, to my eye, on a bit of a rambling course, and said many of the same things repeatedly. Hopefully, it's a bit more focused now.

One of the major changes was to that television crossover list. I just had to delete it. As User:Joseph Q Publique notes, above, it was a conflation of two ideas: spin-offs and crossovers. Frankly, both lists have already been done, better, elsewhere, and the article already linked to both other lists. When a list of crossovers gets to the point of claiming that Blossom and Gloria are related by crossover, it's time to throw it out as failing to convey useful information. Or even, for that matter, accurate information.

I've also greatly reduced the lead and the number of sections. The article has been split into two main sections, "Legal" and "Unofficial" crossovers. Much of the lead appeared in three separate places before; now the bulk of what had been the lead now only appears under the new main section heading, "Legal Crossover". All the stuff that was actually describing a type of television crossover is now under the "Television" heading.

But the article still has significant deficiencies. I think it needs some historical background. It's kinda weird that you can read the whole article and not be able to answer the simple question, "What was the first fictional crossover?". I also think the "Unofficial" section needs some beefing up, and probably needs to get away from its nascent tendency towards yet another list. It probably needs an image: maybe the cover of The Doctor and the Enterprise, since it can't really be covered by copyright, would be appropriate. Maybe there are some hard facts that could be added to the "Legal" section. Is there any data on whether crossovers actually do drive sales or ratings? Are there critical opinions about the merits of crossovers?

The major problem with the article remains that it's still largely unreferenced, and that's a big problem, given how old the article actually is. CzechOut 00:55, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

Joking Crossovers in same show?

 * In series Darkwing Duck there are two joking crossovers "A Star is Scorned" {Darkwing Duck charatchers are revealed to be actors-with a joke of Drake Mallard watching "DD" on TV!} and "Twitching Channels" {Darkwing finds out he is a cartoon show in a parrell universive}. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.53.145.110 (talk) 13:07, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

Done
i mergered it....--O.waqfi (talk) 17:53, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

Removing duplicate section
The text of this article is, some for reason, duplicated twice. Looking at the edit history it looks like when someone removes the duplicate (as I have just done), a bot will usually come along, detect the sudden deleition of half the article as vandalism, and put the duplication back.

How can we get around this? Aawood (talk) 12:52, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Verne
Wouldn't books like The Mysterious Island an early example? It brings together Verne's characters from 20,000 Leagues and Captain Grant's Children. --Error (talk) 01:37, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

Change name to Crossover (fiction)
The title makes no sense. The crossover is about two fictional works intertwining, but the crossover itself actually exists. The title should definitely be changed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.91.112.212 (talk) 21:07, 8 September 2009 (UTC)

Sources exist
This proposed deletion and its subsequent removal prompted me to look for more sources. I had already added one printed source for crossovers in webcomics, but it seems there should be more. A Google Scholar search for "Fictional crossover" yields a few potential sources, here is one: It seems there are serious sources out there, but I am too lazy to do more than point them out. -84user (talk) 02:25, 24 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Shaun Nichols. The architecture of the imagination: new essays on pretence, possibility, and fiction. Pages 80 to 81. Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN 9780199275731
 * Fair enough, though it seems unlikely that FCs would be the central topic of any serious work, there may be some which discuss them in some detail.
 * In the meantime, I think it might be a good idea to move this article to 'List of FCs' and stubbify the FC article, to make it clear that it's supposed to produce sources which actually discuss the concept rather than just pointing out specific examples. I wonder if anyone strongly objects to that idea? BillMasen (talk) 23:25, 28 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I strongly object. I see no reason to reduce an article to a stub while better sourcing is sought. I would assume good faith on the previous article contributors and improve the thing gradually, after all we're not in a hurry for perfection. -- Cycl o pia talk  02:26, 29 November 2010 (UTC)
 * You're right, it's only been two years :). But I am not assuming bad faith on the part of previous editors, only a bad article. An article with a huge amount of extraneous text is more difficult to improve than a stub, because gangs of inclusionists will hit you with sticks if you try to take anything away :).
 * But, I can't be bothered to fight against the wikifallacy of eventualism in this case, since it will obviously upset you to move this article to list. So, you win. BillMasen (talk) 10:34, 29 November 2010 (UTC)

Fresh Prince and Family Matters
In the article, it mentions a Family Matters episode where one of the characters noted the Carl Winslow character's resemblance to the Fresh Prince character Phillip Banks (Uncle Phil). I just wanted to point out that a long time ago, I saw an episode in Fresh Prince where they made a similar joke, in which one character said to Phil "Hey, I know you! Aren't you the guy from Family Matters?" in which Phil responds with a "No". Does anybody know what that episode is? Dark Rain —Preceding undated comment added 05:33, 2 April 2011
 * I found it. The episode is titled "Will Gets Commited". — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dark Rain (talk • contribs) 04:33, 19 May 2012

Defintions of Crossover
Reading this article, I think the biggest weakness is the poor defintion of what a crossover is, especially in TV. Many of the examples provided are not crossovers at all, rather they are spin-off series. For example, NCIS:LA is a spin-off of NCIS, which in turn is a spin-off of JAG. The Finder is a spin-off of Bones. All these series' were developed in their 'parent' series. The Law and Order and CSI series' are in another class of spin-offs, which weren't so much developed within a parent series, rather the spin-off is conceptual - and by it's nature will lead to crossovers. A better term for this series is a 'TV franchises', maybe.

Truer crossovers are those which are not 'introduced' in one series or a part of a franchise concept. For example, truer crossovers would be like (1) Law And Order:SVU and Homicide: Life on the Streets; (2) CSI and Without a Trace; (3) NCIS:LA and Hawaii5-0; (4) ER and Third Watch; (5) CSI:NY and Cold Case etc. All these series are stand alone, yet have been linked through common characters. That, for me, is an important factor in what constitutes a true crossover.

Just my 5 cents worth but I feel having some kind of definition/typology for what a crossover really means would be good for this article to make better sense. Mari370 (talk) 02:03, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

I agree with the need for better definition here. Crossover as a concept only makes sense in the context of canons, pantheons, copyrights, and other arbitrary list-defining terms. Perhaps what's needed is a discussion of the popular concept of crossover, where that term comes from, etc, before diving into a list that retroactively calls a bunch of material crossovers. Sterlingjones (talk) 20:22, 28 November 2016 (UTC)

Possible notable examples
In the early 1970's, "The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie" aired some hour-long animated movies that included a few crossovers of animated cartoons shown on ABC. One notable episode, "Popeye Meets the Man Who Hated Laughter" (1972), included characters from several newspaper comics, including Popeye, Tiger, Blondie, Hi and Lois, Little Iodine, the Katzenjammer Kids, Quincy, Beetle Bailey, Maggie and Jiggs, The Little King, Snuffy Smith, and others.

Also, the 1991 ABC sitcom "Hi Honey, I'm Home" used the crossover idea as a premise. Each episode featured an actor or actress reprising a role from a classic sitcom. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mohanchous (talk • contribs) 00:59, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Sourcing
Overall, this article needs more citations to back it up or removal of editorializing.

For example, where does "As a way to further toy sales he devised the Secret Wars crossover" come from? This simply hangs as personal opinion of the contributor, and I'd like to delete it if no citation is forthcoming.

Likewise "though here he is satirized as being an inept and unfavorable antagonist, likely to parody Sean Connery's appearance in the 2003 film adaptation." It sounds great to me, and I'd love it to be true, but it's opinion.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by Michaelpremsrirat (talk • contribs) 04:04, 6 April 2014 (UTC)

Requested move 5 April 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved. —  Music1201  talk  23:12, 14 April 2016 (UTC)

– As noted in an above section, this title doesn't make sense, or at least is misleading. The crossovers themselves are not fiction (cf. "Fictional character"). I know WP:NATURAL disambiguation is preferable, but this looks like a shoehorned, unnatural attempt at it. The video game article could alternatively be moved to Gaming crossover, which is used in its lede. I would support that or my recommendation above. --BDD (talk) 17:01, 5 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Fictional crossover → Crossover (fiction)
 * Fictional crossovers in video games → Crossovers in video games
 * Support – or perhaps Crossover in fiction. – nyuszika7h (talk) 17:13, 5 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Support, but I think Crossovers in fiction would be better. "Crossover in fiction" sounds slightly wrong to me somehow, almost as if it's saying that "Crossover" is the name of a specific thing. —Flax5 17:29, 5 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Similar to the problem with the current name, I'm concerned that either "in fiction" alternative sounds too much like we're talking about fictional depictions of a real-world concept (e.g., "Dogs in fiction"). --BDD (talk) 19:58, 5 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Good point. How about Crossover fiction (which was created as a redirect to this page in 2006, and seems not to have been evaluated since)? I think it states the topic just as clearly as Crossover (fiction), and without having to resort to disambiguation. Also, Category:Fictional crossovers should probably be moved to whatever is decided on here. —Flax5 20:49, 5 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I could definitely live with that. --BDD (talk) 14:19, 6 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Support move; any of the suggested alternatives would be an improvement. Goldenshimmer (talk) 00:54, 6 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Support crossover fiction, but the proposed title is an improvement too.--Cúchullain t/ c 15:34, 13 April 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Steven and the johnny's?
When did this happen? cause i keep searching it and it didnt appear and if there was a crossover I'm sure everyone who watches Steven universe would know Jstar367 (talk) 04:11, 24 July 2016 (UTC)
 * It appears to be a hoax, as there are absolutely no Google search results for "Steven and the Johnny's" apart from Wikipedia and sites that mirror it. Thanks for noticing that. nyuszika7h (talk) 08:40, 24 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Seems like it was added in this edit back in May and the next editor,, who is presumably not familiar with these shows, made a copy-edit to it. nyuszika7h (talk) 08:44, 24 July 2016 (UTC)

Earliest film crossover
This page currently lists "Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man, in 1943" as the earliest film crossover. What of the character Lee Chan (Mr. Chan's son in the Charlie Chan series) in the 1938 film Mr._Moto's_Gamble based in the Mr. Moto series 76.220.73.160 (talk) 04:28, 25 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if the Lee Chan example would count, as I haven't seen those films, but if having a character from one film show up in another counts as a "crossover", an even earlier example would be The Testament of Dr. Mabuse (1933), a sequel to Dr. Mabuse the Gambler (1922) which incorporates a character from M (1931 film). —Flax5 14:34, 19 August 2016 (UTC)

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External links modified
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Early animation examples
The article tries to cast the New Scooby-Doo Movies as some of the earliest examples of animation crossover. However, crossovers had been happening much earlier theatrically (such as all those Bugs Bunny versus Daffy Duck shorts), and even Hanna-Barbera had started at least a decade earlier, with Yogi Bear appearing in "Swedish Visitors", a 1963 episode of The Flintstones. (I'm going to discount Popeye the Sailor (film), as that Betty Boop cartoon is the first appearance in animation of Popeye, although he was developed separately in the papers and would obviously become a separate film property.) --Nat Gertler (talk) 13:59, 6 April 2020 (UTC)

Obscure main image
"Ivan Tsarevich and cameo appearances of Pepper and Carrot in episode 4 of Morevna Project."

I have no idea what any of that is. Meanwhile way down the article we have an image from King Kong vs. Godzilla, two film characters that I would argue have near-global recognition. Why not swap them? --80.42.117.157 (talk) 23:29, 29 November 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 00:53, 28 April 2023 (UTC)
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Ovett

Ovett is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

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 * Nick Ovett (born 1967), British luger
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title: Ovett