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Fleurieu Peninsula

The Fleurieu Peninsula is a peninsula in the Australian state of South Australia located south of the state capital of Adelaide.

History
Before British colonisation of South Australia, the western side of the peninsula was occupied by the Kaurna people, while several clans of the Ngarrindjeri lived on the eastern side. The people were sustained by the flora and fauna of the peninsula, for food and bush medicine. The bulrushes, reeds and sedges were used for basket-weaving or making rope, trees provided wood for spears, and stones were fashioned into tools.

The Fleurieu Peninsula was named after Charles Pierre Claret de Fleurieu, the French explorer and hydrographer, by the French explorer Nicolas Baudin as he explored the south coast of Australia in 1802. The name came into official use in 1911 after Fleurieu's great-nephew, Count Alphonse de Fleurieu, visited Adelaide and met with the Council of the Royal Geographical Society of South Australia, which recommended to the state government that the unnamed peninsula terminating in Cape Jervis be given the name Fleurieu Peninsula "in honour of one who is worthy to be remembered in the annals of Australian geography". The government approved the name later that year.

Extent
The Geographical Names Advisory Committee advised in 2001 that the extent of the peninsula is: "that portion of land between Gulf St. Vincent and the Southern Ocean (sic), a line from Aldinga (sic) (southern end of Aldinga Bay) to Middleton (eastern end) being the cut-off for the peninsula. This boundary has not to be gazetted at present, and is intended to be the extent of the geographic feature only and is not to be applied to any industry or interest group regional identification."

The coast of the peninsula stretches from around 140 km from Sellicks Beach in the north to Middleton in the south-east.

Features
Towns on the peninsula include Victor Harbor, Normanville, Yankalilla and Rapid Bay. Districts include Inman Valley and Hindmarsh Valley. A ferry travels between Cape Jervis, at the tip of the peninsula, and Kangaroo Island. There is surfing on both the west and south facing coasts – known locally to Adelaide surfers as the Mid South Coast and the Far South Coast. Surf spots of note include Waitpinga and Middleton on the Far South Coast.

Flora and fauna
In the past, there were extensive swamps and woodlands, which provided habitat and food sources for a range of birds, fish, and other animals, included snake-necked turtles, yabbies, rakali, ducks and black swans. Flora included the native orchid (leek orchid), guinea flower and swamp wattle (Wirilda).

Ecology and conservation
The swamps of the Fleurieu Peninsula were listed as critically endangered under the EPBC Act in 2003; however, there is no adopted or made recovery plan for this ecological community, only "Approved Conservation Advice" (2013). Less than four percent of the original swampland remain today.

A group that includes Aboriginal elders and scientists are documenting Aboriginal cultural knowledge for the Fleurieu Peninsula swamps at Yundi,  which is about 40 km south of Adelaide. The Yundi Nature Conservancy, containing about 5 ha of swamp, is south-east of McLaren Vale, near Mount Compass. There, Ngarrindjeri elders and scientists from various disciplines share their knowledge and plan for rewilding some more of the peninsula. A seed bank has been created to this end.

title: Fleurieu Peninsula


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title: User talk:24.37.40.110


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Cantigny Park

Cantigny (pronounced kan-TEE-nee) is a 500 acre park in Wheaton, Illinois, 30 miles west of Chicago. It is the former estate of Joseph Medill and his grandson Colonel Robert R. McCormick, publishers of the Chicago Tribune, and is open to the public. Cantigny comprises expansive formal and informal gardens, a Georgian-style brick historic house, a military museum, visitor center with cafe, picnic grove with pavilion, outdoor playground, hiking paths and a 27-hole golf course with driving range, pro-shop and restaurant.

Cantigny is open to the public and attracts more than 330,000 people per year. Visitors may watch a short welcome and orientation film inside the visitor center to learn about the park's origin, history, people and present-day features. The visitor center also includes an interpretive wall exhibit, in-ground scaled model of the 500-acre property, the Medill cafe and Le Jardin, a caterer-ready facility for lectures, events and rentals.

Concerts, lectures, workshops, festivals and other events are held at Cantigny throughout the year. It is also a common place for weddings, outdoor photography and banquets. School field trip excursions and youth group camping are also offered.

Origins
The land was acquired by Joseph Medill as a country estate, which he called Red Oaks, in the late 1800s. After his death, the estate passed to his grandson, Colonel Robert R. McCormick. McCormick served in World War I and saw action at the Battle of Cantigny in northern France. After returning home, he renamed the estate Cantigny in honor of this battle.

McCormick had no children. When he died in 1955, he left his fortune to establish the McCormick Charitable Trust (now the McCormick Foundation). He also directed that Cantigny should be transformed into a park for the use of the general public. Since then, the McCormick Foundation has used the endowment funds bequeathed by McCormick to operate Cantigny as a public facility.

Robert R. McCormick House
In 1896–1897, Joseph Medill built a 35-room mansion on the estate; it was designed by architect Charles Allerton Coolidge. In underwent renovation and restoration, which completed in 2023. Today the mansion is the Robert R. McCormick House, a historic house which is used as offices and event rental space. The mansion is open to the public only on select dates as part of Cantigny's special event schedule.

First Division Museum
During World War I, McCormick served with the First Division of the United States Army—also known as the "Big Red One". McCormick provided an endowment for the First Division Museum, which was designed by architect Andrew Rebori. The museum has exhibits and artifacts chronicling the First Division's service history, not only in World War I, but also in World War II and later U.S. wars.

On display outside the museum is the area's largest collection of tanks and artillery pieces, known as "Tank Park". The collection includes tanks and armored vehicles from the First World War up to the present day. Visitors are allowed to climb on the vehicles.

The museum's "Date with History" series features guest speakers on subjects of interest to the general public and military historians in particular. Speakers include historians, authors, filmmakers and veterans. The presentations are generally open to the public and free of charge.

The museum is also home to the McCormick Research Center, for use by authors, scholars, teachers and students. The center's archives contain more than 10,000 works on military history, including secondary works on various battles, campaigns and wars. Included in the primary works are the bound battle records of the First Division in World War I, and the 1st Infantry Division's World War II battle records on microfilm. The center's Reading Room is open to the public.

Public Gardens
The Cantigny estate includes ornamental landscapes and gardens covering about 30 acres. Its features include the Rose and White Gardens, Rock and Gravel Gardens, Logarium, Perennial Border, Hawthorn Path and nearby Fountain Garden and the Idea Garden, designed to educate and inspire home gardeners. The original design of the gardens was the work of German-American landscape architect Franz Lipp. Cantingy is renowned for its extravagant annual plant displays from April to October, centered in the Upper and Lower Formal Gardens, Octagon Garden, Idea Garden and in the 'canoe beds' in the Colonnade outside the visitor center building.

Located in USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 5b, plants across Cantigny come out of their winter dormancy beginning in late March. Mid- to late April is the peak of spring floral color with magnolias, viburnums and tulips. The peak of summer color from annual plants is August, with cool-season plants such as mums on display from mid-September to Halloween. Peak fall foliage color is usually around the second to fourth week of October and varies each year depending on the weather regime.

McCormick and his first wife, Amy, are buried on the grounds. The elaborate gravesite, near the mansion, is known as the Exedra and was designed by Chicago architect Andrew Rebori.

Golf
Cantigny Golf Club, owned by the Chicago-based Robert R. McCormick Foundation and managed by KemperSports (Northbrook, Ill.), celebrated 25 years in 2014. When it opened in 1989, Golf Digest named Cantigny the "Best New Public Course in America". Cantigny hosted the 2007 U.S. Amateur Public Links Championship, four Illinois State Amateur Championships (most recently in 2014) and the Chicago Open in 2013 and 2014. The 300-acre Cantigny Golf complex includes 27 holes designed by Roger Packard, the year-round Cantigny Golf Academy, the 9-hole Cantigny Youth Links and a clubhouse with dining and banquet facilities.

Film
The McCormick House and adjacent East Lawn Terraces were used for filming a scene in A League of Their Own (1992). Two other movies, Richie Rich (1994) and Baby's Day Out (1994), also include scenes from outside the mansion.

Location
Cantigny is located in Wheaton, Illinois, at 1s151 Winfield Road, south of Illinois Route 38 (Roosevelt Road). The entrance to Cantigny Golf is 27w270 Mack Road, also in Wheaton.

title: Cantigny Park


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Community Transit

Community Transit (CT) is the public transit authority of Snohomish County, Washington, United States, excluding the city of Everett, in the Seattle metropolitan area. It operates local bus, paratransit and vanpool service within Snohomish County, as well as commuter buses to Downtown Seattle and Northgate station. CT is publicly funded, financed through sales taxes, and farebox revenue, with an operating budget of $133.2 million. In, the system had a ridership of , or about per weekday as of , placing it fourth among transit agencies in the Puget Sound region. The city of Everett, which serves as the county seat, is served by Everett Transit, a municipal transit system.

Community Transit, officially the Snohomish County Public Transportation Benefit Area Corporation (SCPTBA), operates a fleet of 225 accessible buses, 54 paratransit vehicles, and 412 vanpool vans, maintained at two bus bases located in the Paine Field industrial area in Everett. Service is provided year-round at 1,500 stops on 46 routes throughout the county public transportation benefit area (PTBA). CT began operation as SCPTBA Public Transit on October 4, 1976, four months after the third attempt to establish public transit in Snohomish County was approved. Renamed Community Transit in 1979, the agency expanded service in its first decades of existence, later taking over King County Metro commuter routes to Seattle in 1989 and adding several cities into its PTBA in the 1980s and 1990s. CT service hours fell during two funding crises in the 2000s, after the passage of Initiative 695 in 1999 and during a severe recession from 2010 to 2012. Despite the cuts, which forced service hours to fall short of rising demand, the agency debuted the state's first bus rapid transit line, Swift, as well as introducing "Double Tall" double-decker buses on its commuter routes to Seattle.

Early years (1970s)
Snohomish County established its public transportation benefit area (PTBA), the first in the state, after municipal corporations for public transportation were added to the Revised Code of Washington by the Washington State Legislature in 1975. The PTBA plan for a countywide bus system was approved during a general election on June 1, 1976, funded by a three-tenths increase of the sales tax rate in member cities.

Snohomish County had previously been served by an interurban railway from Everett to Seattle and coach lines operated by private companies under the Puget Sound Power Company, which were later absorbed by Greyhound. Two previous attempts to establish a bus system, under the Snohomish County Transportation Authority (SNOTRAN) in 1974, were rejected by voters from the entirety of Snohomish County. Heavy opposition came from the residents of Everett because of the high sales tax rate and planned absorption of Everett Transit, acquired by the city in 1969, forcing the SCPTBA to exclude Everett in its successful attempt at creating a bus system. SCPTBA Public Transit began operating in the cities of Brier, Edmonds, Lynnwood, Marysville, Mountlake Terrace, Snohomish and Woodway on October 4, 1976, using 18 leased GMC buses on seven routes carrying 6,414 passengers without fares during the first week.

SCPTBA Public Transit, whose service was known colloquially as the "Blue Bus" for its blue livery, carried 951,200 passengers in its first year of service on 15 local routes and 16 commuter express routes to Downtown Seattle and Northgate, contracted through King County Metro as a continuation of service provided by the Metropolitan Transit Corporation to southern Snohomish County before its merger with Seattle Transit System in 1973. The buses ran for 16 hours a day, charging a base fare of 20 cents (equivalent to $ in 2024). Early on, the busiest local line was Route R14, accounting for 21 percent of system ridership in the first three months, running from the Edmonds waterfront to Lynnwood and the Boeing Everett Factory. The agency acquired its first federal funding from the Urban Mass Transportation Administration for the 1978 fiscal year, to be used on the purchase of 18 new buses as well as bus stop amenities, such as stop signs and shelters.

Growth and contracted service (1980s)

Community Transit was selected as the official name of the agency on June 19, 1979, recommended by Seattle-based public relations firm McConnell Company ahead of the winners of a public contest held by SCPTBA two years prior. CT continued to grow through the end of the decade, annexing the cities of Arlington, Lake Stevens, Monroe, Granite Falls, Mukilteo, Stanwood and Sultan into the PTBA by 1980; the bus system had the largest growth in ridership within the state in 1980, with local routes gaining 68.3 percent more riders and Metro-operated "Cream Buses" to Seattle gaining 21.4 percent more riders. Metro altered their numbering scheme for Snohomish County routes in 1981, creating the 400-series of routes to coincide with the opening of the state's largest park and ride in Lynnwood (which would later become Lynnwood Transit Center). The annexations of outlying communities in northern and eastern Snohomish County and the completion of park and rides in Edmonds and Mountlake Terrace saw ridership rise to over 3 million passengers by 1983.

Community Transit launched its longest commuter route, between Seattle and Stanwood, in October 1987. They took over the remaining Metro commuter routes to Seattle in 1989, after commuter service was subcontracted to American Transportation Enterprises in 1986. The move to a private carrier was opposed by both Metro and the Amalgamated Transit Union, but the introduction of 49 air conditioned coaches by ATE led to a 25 percent increase in ridership by January 1987. Commuter express service via Interstate 405 from CT park and rides in South Snohomish County to the Eastside cities of Bellevue and Redmond began in 1988 and 1990, respectively, while Seattle service was expanded with weekend service in 1990. The agency dedicated its own 20 acre bus base at Kasch Park in 1985, replacing shared operations with the Edmonds School District and Everett Transit, at a cost of $4.8 million (equivalent to $ in 2024) that was mostly funded by the Urban Mass Transportation Administration.

Fraud investigation
CT was involved in a criminal investigation conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the mid-1990s of Ed's Transmission, a transmission shop in Everett used by the agency for bus parts. Detectives from the FBI and Snohomish County Sheriff seized records from both parties and began a two-month audit of Community Transit management. The auditors released a report that criticized the management style of Executive Director Ken Graska and his department heads, leading to the former's resignation in December 1993 after nine years at his position. Federal prosecutors accused Ralph Woodall, the 50-year-old co-owner of the shop, of 15 counts of mail fraud after intentionally overbilling for transmission repairs. Community Transit Maintenance Director Michael Lynn resigned after confessing that he had accepted gifts from Woodall in exchange for sending all of CT's transmissions to Ed's Transmissions without going through competitive bidding. A U.S. District Court jury found Woodall guilty of 15 counts of mail fraud in December 1996, with Judge John C. Coughenour sentencing him to 2.5 years in federal prison the following May, along with Ed's Transmission being forced to pay a $825,000 settlement after a civil suit was filed.

Proposed consolidations with Everett Transit

Attempted mergers of Community Transit with Everett Transit have been proposed by the Washington State Legislature and the CT Board since the formation of SNOTRAN in 1974. The relative success of Community Transit in the late 1970s and 1980s prompted the Community Transit Board to propose consolidation with Everett Transit in 1988, though long-term planning under SNOTRAN for both agencies worked under the assumption that there would be no merger by 2000. In 1990, a second proposal was rejected by the Everett City Council after consultants determined that a merger would only save $350,000 per year in deadheading for Community Transit and that both staffs would need to be retained because of the lack of service duplication between the two agencies. Throughout the 1990s, successive legislative bills proposing a merger were passed through the House Transportation Committee, but failed to gain support elsewhere because of successful lobbying from the City of Everett. State voters approved Referendum 49 in November 1998, including state motor-vehicle excise tax revenue for city-run transit in Everett and Yakima. While Everett Transit gained $4.5 million (equivalent to $ in 2024) in new annual funding, CT was set to lose $1 million (equivalent to $ in 2024) over the next five years in addition to the $2 million (equivalent to $ in 2024) used to operate service within Everett annually. The large cuts brought on by the passing of Initiative 695 and subsequent loss of excise tax revenue forced both agencies to consider merging in 2000, with savings of an estimated $1.7 million per year (equivalent to $ in 2024) according to a study commissioned by Community Transit. As a result of the failed mergers, CT proposed truncating its routes at Everett city limits, but ultimately decided to provide limited-stop service on its routes through Everett to the newly constructed Everett Station in 2002. Community Transit and Everett Transit signed their first partnership agreement in 2007, with Everett helping fund Swift bus rapid transit through its service area and allowing CT to operate the route in exchange for the expansion of ET service into unincorporated areas surrounding Everett. The two agencies further collaborated with Sound Transit and the Washington State Department of Transportation in the construction of the South Everett Freeway Station the following year.

Fleet expansions and new services
In their most recent expansion in 1997, the Snohomish County PTBA annexed the Eastmont and Silver Firs census-designated places between Everett and Mill Creek, as well as the Tulalip Indian Reservation west of Marysville. During the same year, CT awarded its $31.8 million (equivalent to $ in 2024) commuter service contract to Grosvenor Bus Lines, which would later fold into First Transit, replacing their first subcontractor, Ryder/ATE Management. The agency introduced the first low-floor articulated buses in the United States into its fleet in 1999, purchasing 17 60 ft buses from New Flyer to improve accessibility for older and disabled riders. Service improvements throughout the 1990s, including raising service hours to over 11 million, led to ridership peaking at 8.8 million by the end of the decade and the agency's 100 millionth rider being celebrated in April 2000. The passage of Initiative 695 in 1999, which capped the state motor-vehicle excise tax at $30, forced transit agencies throughout the state to cut service in anticipation of lower revenue. Facing the loss of $18 million (equivalent to $ in 2024), or 30 percent of its annual operating budget, Community Transit eliminated all weekend service and increased fares on its routes in February 2000. With the service cuts, CT began its VanGO program to donate its retired paratransit minibuses to nonprofit organizations in Snohomish County instead of auctioning them off. Saturday service was reinstated in September 2000, using emergency funds approved by the CT Board, while Sunday service returned in 2001 after the passage of a 0.3 percentage-point tax increase by voters in the PTBA. Further restoration of service came in 2003, with increased frequency and the replacement of 50 buses in the agency's fleet made possible by a budget surplus and the sales tax increase approved in 2002, and in 2005, with increased fares.

Community Transit introduced its current logo and slogan in 2005, replacing an older one in use since 1986 and retaining its blue-and-white color scheme, as part of the roll-out of the first New Flyer Invero buses in the United States. CT began a three-month pilot project in September 2005 that brought Wi-Fi access to buses on its longest route, Route 422 between Stanwood and Seattle, with hopes of attracting customers and remote workers to its routes. The pilot project was deemed a success and expanded into the "Surf and Ride" program on all Route 422 trips in 2006, as well as select trips on Routes 406 and 441 from Edmonds to Seattle and Overlake on the Eastside, respectively; the Wi-Fi program was canceled in 2010, with the removal of equipment in buses brought on by low customer response, budget constraints and the adoption of improved cellular networks that support mobile browsing on smartphones.

CT and First Transit signed their third and most recent contract in 2007, continuing the latter's operation of CT commuter service to Seattle. Community Transit debuted the first double-decker buses in the Puget Sound region during a year-long test in 2007, eventually buying its own fleet of Alexander Dennis Enviro500s for its "Double Tall" fleet to be used on commuter services. A PTBA expansion into the unincorporated areas of Cathcart, Clearview and Maltby was attempted during the 2008 general elections, but failed to gain a majority vote. In November 2009, after three years of planning and a year of construction, Community Transit debuted the first bus rapid transit line in Washington, Swift. The service replaced Route 100 on State Route 99 between Aurora Village in Shoreline and Everett Station, featuring 12-minute headways, off-board fare payment and transit signal priority.

Service cuts and restoration (2010s)
The Great Recession of the late 2000s and subsequent loss of an estimated $180 million (equivalent to $ in 2024) in sales tax revenue in Snohomish County forced CT to cut service by 15 percent in June 2010, including the elimination of all service on Sundays and major holidays, to save $16 million (equivalent to $ in 2024) until 2012. A second cut, with 20 percent of service eliminated, took place in February 2012; the CT Board rejected a major restructure that would have truncated its northern and eastern express service to Seattle at Lynnwood Transit Center during this cut, instead opting to preserve its commuter service. Despite the decline in service hours, Community Transit and Sound Transit had record ridership for Snohomish County routes during the Super Bowl XLVIII parade in Downtown Seattle in February 2014, carrying a total of 22,500 passengers on 50 extra trips into Seattle. In March, the 2014 Oso mudslide destroyed a portion of State Route 530 and forced CT to re-route its service to Darrington through Skagit County, offering one-seat service to Smokey Point and Everett Station in the interim as Route 231. The partial reopening of State Route 530 in June and full reopening in September restored the original Route 230 on its original route, now extended to Smokey Point.

Community Transit began restoring cut service in September 2014, adding 13 percent of its former bus hours primarily to improve midday service. In June 2015, CT restored its Sunday and holiday service as part of a 27,000-hour expansion, representing 20 percent of the 2010 reduction, funded by recovering sales tax revenue and a 25-cent increase in fares the following month. The agency was given approval from the state legislature in July 2015 to increase sales taxes by an additional 0.3%, dependent on voter approval via a ballot measure during the November 2015 election that was eventually won, to fund a new Swift line as well as local service expansion. The second Swift route, the Green Line, opened on March 24, 2019, and cost $73 million to construct. It connects the Seaway Transit Center, a new facility next to the Boeing Everett Factory, to Mill Creek and Canyon Park in Bothell. Following the opening of Northgate station on October 2, 2021, the University District routes were truncated to the station to allow for increased service.

Construction of a third bus rapid transit corridor, the Swift Orange Line, began in April 2022. It opened in March 2024, ahead of a major network restructuring that is scheduled to follow the completion of the Lynnwood Link Extension later in the year. Several new express routes will connect with light rail stations in Lynnwood and Mountlake Terrace, replacing service to Downtown Seattle.

Regional projects with Sound Transit

Community Transit and Everett Transit agreed to break away from SNOTRAN, which served as their planning and administrative body in addition to disbursing federal funding, after CT complained of a "lack of communication" between the three agencies. The county agency formally disbanded on December 31, 1994, replaced by the Joint Regional Policy Committee (JRPC) that formed four years prior to coordinate transit planning for the entire Puget Sound region. A regional transit agency was formed in 1993 under the JRPC, organizing a $6.7 billion (equivalent to $ in 2024) plan for regional transit that was put to a vote on March 14, 1995, failing to pass outside of Seattle, Mercer Island and Shoreline. The plan included a commuter rail line on the BNSF Scenic Subdivision between Everett, Mukilteo, Edmonds and King Street Station in Seattle, a light rail line from Lynnwood to Seattle following Interstate 5, and express bus service to light rail stations. The following November, the smaller "Sound Move" plan was approved at a cost of $3.9 billion (equivalent to $ in 2024), including commuter rail from Everett to Seattle and express buses on Interstate 5 from Everett and Lynnwood to Seattle and Bellevue.

The regional transit agency, renamed to Sound Transit the following year, began operating its Sound Transit Express buses under contract with Community Transit in September 1999. The new express buses connected park and rides in southwestern Snohomish County, the only part of Community Transit's service area within the Sound Transit taxing district, to Downtown Seattle, including the newly opened, 1,000-stall Ash Way Park & Ride in northern Lynnwood. Sound Transit funded several capital projects to improve bus service on the Interstate 5 corridor, including direct access ramps from HOV lanes to Lynnwood and Ash Way park and rides that opened in 2004 and 2005, respectively. In 2011, the existing Mountlake Terrace park and ride was expanded with an 890-stall parking garage and bus platforms in the median of I-5 connected by a pedestrian bridge.

Commuter rail service to Snohomish County on the Sounder North Line began in December 2003 with a single round-trip connecting Everett and Edmonds to King Street Station in Seattle during rush hour. Service was expanded to a second round-trip in June 2005 and a third round-trip in September 2007, while an infill station opened at Mukilteo in May 2008, also bringing additional service in the form of a fourth round-trip the following September.

An expansion of the Link light rail system in the "Sound Transit 2" package was approved in November 2008, including 54% of southwestern Snohomish County voters, funding the extension of light rail to Lynnwood. The 8.5 mi light rail line will run along Interstate 5 from Northgate station in Seattle to Lynnwood Transit Center and is scheduled to begin construction in 2018 and open for service in 2024. With the passage of Sound Transit 3 in 2016, light rail service to Everett via Paine Field is anticipated to begin service in 2041.

Administration

Community Transit is administered by a nine-member board, composed of two members of the Snohomish County Council, two elected officials from PTBA cities with populations of 30,000 or more, three elected officials from cities with between 10,000 and 30,000, and two elected officials from cities with less than 10,000, that meets monthly at their headquarters in Everett. The board is led by a non-voting chief executive officer, a position held by Ric Ilgenfritz since January 2021. CT adopted an operating budget of $133.2 million for 2015; 65 to 70 percent of revenue is provided by a 0.9 percent sales tax within the PTBA, the maximum authorized for transit agencies under state law, while a combination of fares and federal funding comprise the remainder. The agency employs 579 full-time equivalent persons, divided into eight departments.

CT is headquartered at their Cascade Administration Building at 2312 W Casino Road in the Paine Field industrial area of South Everett, located south of the Boeing Everett Factory. The 87065 sqft Merrill Creek operations building opened in 1997 and is the primary bus base for the agency's fleet of buses and vans.

Services
Community Transit operates fixed bus routes throughout the 1308 sqmi Snohomish County PTBA, serving 47 percent of its 542,000 people and 76 percent of its 254,000 jobs. The 46 bus routes serve 1,584 bus stops, of which 257 have a bus shelter—the rest consist of a standalone sign or a sign with a bench. The bus routes are divided into three types of service, numbered according to destination: frequent bus rapid transit on the unnumbered Swift, 24 local routes in the 100s for southern Snohomish County and 200s for northern and eastern Snohomish County, and 22 weekday peak-only commuter express routes from park and rides to the Boeing Everett Factory numbered as the 2X7s, Downtown Seattle in the 400s, and Northgate station (formerly the University of Washington campus) in the 800s. CT and their subcontractor First Transit also operate all-day, all-week Sound Transit Express service to Seattle and Bellevue on six routes numbered in the 500s. Typically, service changes occur in March and September, in response to ridership and requests from the community.

Commuter bus routes to Boeing in Everett, Downtown Seattle and Northgate Station generally originate at one of the 24 Community Transit park and rides and transit centers located throughout Snohomish County, with a total capacity of 8,500 automobiles and 172 bicycles. The largest facilities, primarily located in southwest Snohomish County, include weatherproof bicycle lockers in addition to automobile parking. The majority of park and rides are owned by the Washington State Department of Transportation and maintained by Community Transit and other service providers.

In addition to bus service, CT operates a vanpool program with a fleet of 366 vans originating from the Kasch Park operating base in Everett. The fleet comes in configurations with 7, 12, or 15 seats, with two special vans equipped with wheelchair lifts. Community Transit reports that there are 361 active vanpools using their service, providing 908,488 rides in 2015, the 12th largest vanpool program in the United States that year. CT leases vanpool lots, called "park and pool lots", from local churches and other private parties at 15 locations with a total capacity of 482 parking stalls.

Dial-a-ride transportation (DART) service is also offered by Community Transit, contracted through Senior Services of Snohomish County since 1981. DART paratransit is available for a fare of $2 for qualifying customers within 0.75 mi of local CT routes during regular operating hours. , CT has 4,100 registered DART users that take an average of 700 trips per day. A separate dial-a-ride service, Zip, launched in October 2022 to serve the Alderwood Mall and Lynnwood area. It operates similar to ride-hailing service with fixed fares (including payment via ORCA cards) and is available to all members of the public; trips are requested through an app or phone call. It was originally a one-year pilot until being made a permanent service in October 2023. Similar microtransit services are under consideration for various cities in Snohomish County as part of Community Transit's long-range plan.

Fares
Fares on Community Transit buses are priced into three groups: adult, youth, and reduced. Adult fare is charged for passengers between the ages of 19 and 64, youth fare is charged for passengers 18 years old or younger, and the reduced fare is charged for passengers over the age of 65 or those with disabilities or Medicare card holders. Fares also change based on service level, with local service within Snohomish County costing the least and commuter service to Seattle being more expensive. On July 1, 2019, Community Transit introduced a low-income fare as part of the regional ORCA Lift program. Youth fares were made free with valid ID on September 1, 2022, as part of a state grant program that lasts until 2039.

The regional ORCA card was introduced as an integrated smart card for transit agencies in the Puget Sound region on April 20, 2009, allowing users to load monthly passes and value through an e-purse web interface. The card also allowed free transfers within a two-hour period between transit agencies of equal value, with the difference for higher fare subtracted from the e-purse or prompting for cash. While initially available for no fee, effective March 1, 2010, a $5 cost was added when ordering a standard adult or youth ORCA card. CT removed their paper transfers on January 1, 2010, after the ORCA card made them obsolete.

Community Transit also offers monthly passes through local higher education institutions, including Edmonds College, the University of Washington, Cascadia College, and the Lynnwood Campus of Central Washington University.

Dial-a-ride transportation, a type of paratransit service operated by Community Transit, has a flat fare of $2.50 without discounts or separate categories. ORCA cards are not accepted on DART, replaced by tickets and monthly passes for frequent users.

Fleet
, Community Transit has a fleet of 696 vehicles that are maintained at its operating bases at Kasch Park and Merrill Creek. The fleet of 257 fixed-route buses is generally composed of 30 ft and 40 ft vehicles, as well as specialized 60 ft articulated buses and 42 ft double-decker buses. Buses typically are powered by diesel engines, with the exception of the 39 hybrid diesel–electric buses used on Swift Bus Rapid Transit and some local routes. Community Transit expects to purchase 55 to 60 new buses by 2027 to support increased transit service and replace older vehicles. The agency began testing several battery electric buses in early 2023 and the region's first hydrogen-powered fuel cell bus in 2024.

Since 1995, all Community Transit buses are low-floored and equipped with a hydraulic or pneumatic "kneeling" device in addition to wheelchair lifts for 6-wheeled motorized wheelchairs. CT buses have also featured at least two bicycle racks located in front of the windshield since 1996; Swift bus rapid transit buses have three bicycle racks located inside the vehicle for reduced dwell times.

In addition to its bus fleet, Community Transit maintains 333 vans for its vanpool program and 52 paratransit minibuses equipped with wheelchair lifts for dial-a-ride service. Retired vanpool and DART vehicles are donated to local non-profit organizations through the VanGO program, which has gifted 106 vans since its establishment in 2000.

Double Tall

Community Transit has a fleet of double-decker buses used on commuter routes from park and rides to Downtown Seattle, named the "Double Tall" in reference to the double tall cup size at Starbucks, a coffee chain founded and headquartered in Seattle. The Alexander Dennis Enviro500 was introduced during a one-year pilot project in 2007, on lease from Alexander Dennis for $15,000 per month. The 42 ft, 14 ft Enviro500 seated 77 to 81, with standing room for 20 additional passengers, replacing the capacity of the standard articulated buses used on the commuter routes in a smaller footprint. Prior to the end of the trial in 2008, CT placed an order of 23 Enviro500s, scheduled to be delivered and put into service in 2010; the initial order was not fulfilled until 2011, when manufacturing was moved to an ElDorado plant in Riverside, California to meet federal Buy America Act requirements. A second order of 17 Enviro500s, to replace older articulated buses, was made in 2013 and went into service in late 2015.

Sound Transit introduced five of its own double-decker buses in 2015 for use on their Snohomish County routes under contract with Community Transit. Sound Transit plans to eventually replace its entire Snohomish County fleet with double-deckers in the near-term future, beginning with 32 additional buses in 2018. Community Transit also ordered 17 double-decker buses, with an option to purchase 40 more, as part of the joint procurement with Sound Transit and Kitsap Transit.

The fleet of 45 double-decker buses operated directly by Community Transit is,, the second-largest double-decker fleet of any public transit agency in the United States, behind RTC Transit of Las Vegas, Nevada and ahead of Unitrans of Davis, California and Antelope Valley Transit Authority of Antelope Valley, California. The first fleet of Double Tall buses were retired in 2023 and sold at auctions to sightseeing and cruise companies.

title: Community Transit


text:
The Night of the Witches

The Night of the Witches aka Night of the Sorcerers (La Noche de los Brujos) is a 1974 horror film which starred Maria Kosti, Loli Tovar aka Maria Dolores del Loreto Tovar, Barbara King, Kali Hansa aka Marisol Hernandez, Jack Taylor, Simón Andreu, and Joseph Thelman. Written and directed by Amando de Ossorio, the premise of the movie is that a group of African explorers run afoul of a native cult. "Brujo" means a "male witch or warlock", so the title actually translates as "Night of the Warlocks", not "Night of the Witches".

Plot
In a 1910 prologue, an unnamed missionary (Barbara King) is kidnapped by native Bokor (sorcerers) to be sacrificed under a full moon. The Bokor tie her between two posts, whip her, then carry her to a stone altar where they decapitate her. The ceremony is interrupted, however, by soldiers who shoot all the participants. Unnoticed in the melee, a Shedim (demon) takes possession of the woman.

Years later, Professor Jonathan Grant (Jack Taylor) commands a safari investigating the disappearance of elephants in West Africa. Amongst the explorers are a "great white hunter," Rod Carter (Simón Andreu), two blonde women (Elisabeth, Maria Kosti, and Carol, Loli Tovar), and a mulatto woman, Tunika (Kali Hansa). Elizabeth's father financed the expedition. They stumble across the clearing where the natives had performed their Vodoun rituals before being wiped out in colonial times. Carol decides to take some photographs of the altar for a magazine article. They decide to camp nearby.

That night, Carol returns to the clearing to take some more atmospheric photographs. The former missionary, now dressed in leopard skins and with feline-like canine teeth/fangs, emerges from the surrounding jungle and subdues her. The long-dead Bokor, resurrected from their burial mounds, recreate the ceremony from the prologue. Carol is whipped and decapitated.

The remaining Europeans search for Carol the next day, but discover only her camera. That night, Carol, now also dressed in leopard skins, joins the other leopard-woman. Together, they sneak into the camp. The brunette kills Professor Grant and destroys the photographs from Carol's camera which he had been developing. The distraught Liz had taken sleeping pills when no one could locate her friend, and is groggy when Carol appears in her tent. "Elizabeth, it's me, your best friend Carol." "We thought you'd been lost in the jungle..." "It's just as well. Come!" The two blondes leave the camp and join the other leopard-woman in the jungle. Just as Liz realizes what they are going to do, the two leopard-women plunge their fangs into her neck. In Liz's struggles, the original leopard-woman is knocked down and the choker she wears to fasten her neck together splits. Her severed head rolls free and she perishes as blood gushes from her neck.

After another fruitless day of searching, Rod and Tunika make plans to depart. That night Carol is joined by the demon-possessed Elizabeth, also dressed in leopard skins, her new fangs gleaming in the moonlight. They abduct Tunika, take her to the ceremonial clearing, place her on the altar, and use their sharp fingernails and fangs to bloody her. As they place the leopard skins across her shredded flesh, Rod emerges from the jungle and shoots them both. He tosses his ammunition belts into the ceremonial fire, and the random shots kill the resurrected Bokor. In the confusion, he picks up Tunika and carries her to a jeep. They make their escape, and Tunika tells him she’s "feeling much better already" in the breathy voice of the Shedim.

Release
The film was titled Night of the Sorcerers when it was dubbed into English and released theatrically by Avco-Embassy in 1974.

The film was released on VHS in the United States by Unicorn Video in the 1980s.

The film was released on a special edition DVD in 2007 by Deimos Entertainment, a subdivision of BCI Eclipse.

title: The Night of the Witches


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Existential despair (0th nomination)

The original article was just incorrect. I rewrote it, but now I'm thinking there isn't enough to work with to make it a separate article. What information is there currently is basically the same as what is on the existentialism page. -Seth Mahoney 03:47, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * 'Keep: This is very relevant to existentialist philosophy, in fact it could be argued that it is the very essence of existentialist philosophy.lordbetterthanyou
 * Delete. Ocon | Talk 04:57, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: No offense, but the current article only cover Sartre, and the man to see when it comes to existential despair is Kierkegaard & Sickness Unto Death. I think this particular subtopic of existentialism is worthy of a break out, myself, since it has been consistently referred to by outsiders (non-philosophers). Geogre 13:58, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * You're absolutely right, the current article does only cover Sartre, and if it is to be kept it should cover Kierkegaard as well, but if I remember correctly, Kierkegaard doesn't really give a solid (read: long and meandering) definition of despair, other than to say that we are in it and a relationship with God is the way out of it. Even if we added Kierkegaard's definition along with the permutations of Camus and Beauvoir its still going to be a very short article.  I think that the existentialism article (along with the Kierkegaard article!  Its all about his life, not his philosophy!) could use more content and Wikipedia could use fewer very short articles. Still, if you think it warrants its own article, great!  I hope that means you're willing to write it.  ;)  -Seth Mahoney 17:33, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * I'll take a stab at it. My focus will be probably as Kierkegaardian as it was previously Sartrean, and I'll lean heavily on the concept as understood in pop culture -- which is really where I think the breakout is deserved.  I.e. it's not so much that this element of existentialism is concisely discussed as it is that "existentialist literature" and film have gone whole hog for this part of the elaborate (and distinct) philosophy, without necessarily the rest.  I ask folks to vote slowly, as that's how I write. Geogre 18:47, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Then again, I seem to be selfless just now, so I understand losing the article. It is a vague search term. Geogre 00:36, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * For the most part I like what you've written a lot. I'm still wondering if we would be better served by including the appropriate information in the Kierkegaard article (which, as far as philosophy goes is nearly blank) and in articles on the appropriate books.  Its looking now like the two versions of despair (Sartrean and Kierkegaardian) are so divergent it may be confusing.  If the vote is still to delete, I think we should merge the appropriate information into the articles on Kierkegaard and his books.  -Seth Mahoney 20:34, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. If someone later adds something useful, it can be broken out again. Gdr 14:27, 2004 Jul 22 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what we could redirect to. -Seth Mahoney 20:35, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge Arevich 13:43, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Where? To existentialism or to component parts of Jean-Paul Sartre and Soren Kierkegaard and Albert Camus? Geogre 21:10, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd say yeah, merge the Kierkegaard parts to existentialism, Soren Kierkegaard, and the articles on his books, as appropriate, and the Sartre part is pretty much already in the existentialism article. -Seth Mahoney 21:45, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. This definitely deserves breakout. It's an important concept in Frankl, Kafka wrote about it, and it's important to the Existential Psychologists.--Samuel J. Howard 21:47, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * If you want to write about despair as it relates to the concepts in existential psychology, by all means, go for it! I think on the pure philosophy end there just isn't enough to it to make a separate article worthwhile.  -Seth Mahoney 22:14, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * I copied the section on Kierkegaard to the Soren Kierkegaard article, and the section on existentialism's later cultural importance to the existentialism article. I also did a little editing of the existential despair article.  -Seth Mahoney 22:05, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)

THIS DEBATE IS NOW CLOSED.

Results: 2 keep, 2 delete, several merge. Considered a consensus not to delete. DJ Clayworth 18:30, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
Slim River

Slim River is a small town in Muallim District, Perak, Malaysia. It is about 100 km (driving time 45 minutes) from Kuala Lumpur. It is situated in the southern part of Perak and is 20 km north of Tanjung Malim. It is about 100 km (driving time 1 hour) from Ipoh. The town is surrounded by many small villages.

History
The town is named after a nearby river, Sungai Slim. The word Sungai means river in Malay. The river was named after an English captain, William Slim, in the 19th century. He accidentally went up the river instead of the Perak River which was the main waterway back then.

Slim River was a military strategic midpoint from North to South of Malaya during World War II. It was the site of a major battle during World War II between the Japanese and British forces which consisted of troops from India, Australia and Great Britain. The British lost the Battle of Slim River to the Japanese forces, who were equipped with tanks. The Japanese also had total air superiority. In their defeat at Slim River, the British suffered heavy casualties and many units were cut off from their line of retreat. The battle effectively ended British hopes of defending Malaya.

Economy
The main economic activities are agriculture-based, such as palm oil and rubber plantations. There are some automotive shops selling engine parts and components. This is due to the proximity of the new car manufacturing town, Proton City in Tanjung Malim.

Demographics
The population is estimated at 100,000, and consists of Malays, Chinese, Malaysian Indians (mostly Tamil) and Orang Asli, the indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia.

Public amenities
There is a new modern government hospital providing basic medical care for the district. In addition, there is a public library for the locals to visit.

Schools
Primary and secondary education are provided by a few schools in Slim River, namely:
 * Sekolah Kebangsaan Balun
 * Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Dato' Zulkifli Muhammad
 * Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Slim
 * Sekolah Kebangsaan Kuala Slim
 * Kolej Vokasional Slim River
 * Sekolah Kebangsaan Slim River
 * Sekolah Kebangsaan Aminuddin Baki
 * Sekolah Rendah Jenis Kebangsaan (C) Chin Hua
 * Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama Slim River
 * Sekolah Rendah Jenis Kebangsaan (T) Slim River
 * Sekolah Kebangsaan Slim Village
 * Sekolah Kebangsaan Ulu Slim
 * Sekolah Kebangsaan Pos Bersih
 * Sekolah Kebangsaan Pos Tenau
 * Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (C) Ho Pin, Slim Village
 * Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (T) Slim Village
 * Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (T)LADANG CLUNY

Places of interest
The waterfall at Sungai Bil is famous among the locals for a weekend getaway. Recreation activities and camping is possible, and one can travel from the town by road within 30 minutes. Food stalls selling lunch and fast food are available normally during weekend.

There is also an open wet market every Sunday morning until noon, where one can try a variety of local dishes and delicacies.

At Ulu Slim, about the same distance from Slim River to Sungai Bil, there is a hot spring, and it is expected that the local government will develop the place, into a recreation area, for families. The hot spring water is 104 °C and is reputed to be the 5th hottest hot spring in the world.

Several outdoor extreme sports are available inside Ulu Slim, reservation will be required for these activities such as white water rafting, 4x4 rides, camping, and jungle trekking.

The upcoming Slim River Water Theme Park will also be opened soon.

Transportation

It is accessible by road from the capital city, Kuala Lumpur (100 km) or by train (Slim River railway station). The main trunk road to Tanjung Malim was the first ever toll road in Malaysia and was eventually given free access to the public in the mid 1980s.

Before the construction of North–South Expressway, all traffic going to destinations in the northern states of Peninsular Malaysia, such as Kedah, Perlis and Penang would pass through the town of Slim River. With the new North–South Expressway bypassing smaller towns, fewer people, traffic, and tourists pass through Slim River. Currently, the economy of Slim River is improving due to the nearby Proton City, located in Tanjung Malim.

title: Slim River


text: User talk:68.108.209.9

title: User talk:68.108.209.9


text: Category:Regions of Ukraine

title: Category:Regions of Ukraine


text:
Eastside (King County, Washington)

The Eastside of the King County, Washington area in the United States is a collective term for the suburbs of Seattle located on the east side of Lake Washington.

The most common definitions of the Eastside include the cities of Bellevue, Kirkland, Redmond, Sammamish, Issaquah, Newcastle, and Mercer Island.

The towns west of Bellevue, collectively known as the Gold Coast, are usually considered part of the Eastside. These include Beaux Arts Village, Clyde Hill, Hunts Point, Medina, and Yarrow Point.

The Northshore cities of Kenmore, Bothell, and Woodinville may be considered part of the Eastside, as each city contains portions that are east of the lake and south of its northernmost tip. Similarly, on the southeast tip of Lake Washington, Renton may also be included.

The most expansive definitions of the Eastside can include cities in the Snoqualmie Valley, including Duvall, Carnation, Fall City, Snoqualmie, and North Bend.

In politics, the area is sometimes referred to as the "suburban crescent".

History

Several Indigenous peoples have lived on the Eastside for thousands of years prior to American colonization. The various subgroups of the Hachuamish, as well as the Sammamish, had many villages along the eastern coast of Lake Washington and the Sammamish River. Although they were more contained to the southernmost reaches of the Eastside, the modern-day site of Renton was the center of Duwamish society. Farther out in the Snoqualmie Valley, the Snoqualmie were historically one of the most populous tribes in the Puget Sound region.

The cities on the Eastside mostly began as centers of logging or mining in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Once logged, the land was eventually cleared (primarily by Japanese immigrant labor) to support farming. In the years prior to World War II they became centers of dairy and berry farming.

During the post-war boom, they became bedroom communities for Seattle. This was made possible by the 1940 construction of the Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge across Lake Washington, as well as the later construction of the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge in 1963; additional traffic later led to the construction of an additional bridge paralleling the Murrow bridge, Homer M. Hadley Memorial Bridge, as well as the replacement of the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge. Currently, the area is growing several edge cities.

Economy

Bellevue is the largest city on the Eastside and fifth largest in the state. A major technology center, the Eastside is home to many large high-tech companies, mainly in the software and wireless industries, including Microsoft, T-Mobile US, Nintendo of America, AT&T Mobility (formerly Cingular), the former Western Wireless (now part of Verizon Wireless), Vulcan Ventures, 180 Solutions and InfoSpace. Companies like Paccar, Puget Sound Energy, Symetra Insurance, Boeing, Verizon Wireless, Google, Amazon, Yahoo, Walt Disney, and Fox Sports also have national, major divisional or regional offices in the Eastside. The Eastside is also a hub for biotech and medical companies including Amgen, Icos, and Merck. Many local magnates, including Bill Gates, Steve Ballmer, John Stanton, and Craig McCaw, live in the Eastside's cities. The Eastside is also home to many video game and interactive media companies. These include Bungie, Valve, ArenaNet, Sucker Punch, Monolith Productions, Sony Online Entertainment, Warner Brothers Entertainment, Microsoft Game Studios, Epic Games, Unity Technologies and DigiPen Institute of Technology.

Kirkland hosts the annual Junior League Softball World Series. Kirkland Signature is also the own brand of Costco, which founded its first warehouse in Seattle (#1), and operates from its corporate headquarters in the Eastside city of Issaquah.

Air
There are public and private airfields on the Eastside. Major facilities include:

 * Kenmore Air Harbor provides scheduled seaplane service to various points in the Northwest United States and southwest British Columbia.
 * Renton Municipal Airport adjacent to the Boeing factory has a 1 mi runway.
 * Bellevue Airfield was closed in 1983.

There is also a landing zone for paragliding at the base of Tiger Mountain at 47.50044°N, -122.02197°W.

Rail
The Woodinville Subdivision is a rail line built in the late 19th century. In 2008, the Wilburton Tunnel was eliminated, severing the line. The right-of-way was purchased the same year by the Port of Seattle. Eastside cities and King County purchased portions of the Port property for conversion to a rail trail called the Eastside Rail Corridor.

Road
The Eastside is connected to Seattle by the Evergreen Point Floating Bridge from Medina (State Route 520) and the Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge and Third Lake Washington Bridge from Bellevue via Mercer Island (Interstate 90). It is also served by Interstate 405, a loop route of Interstate 5 that runs to the east of Lake Washington from Tukwila to Lynnwood.

title: Eastside (King County, Washington)


text:
USS Mertz

USS Mertz (DD-691) was a Fletcher-class destroyer in the service of the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946. She was scrapped in 1972.

Namesake
Albert Mertz was born on 26 March 1851 in Richmond, Wisconsin. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in June 1872. Commissioned Ensign on 15 July 1873, he was assigned to the Coast Survey on 26 November 1877 until he returned to regular duty in the Navy on 6 July 1878, serving on the USS Wyoming (1859) and USS Alliance (1875), among other ships. Following promotion to Commander on 11 April 1902, he took command of his first ship, USS Newport (PG-12) on 20 July 1903. On 20 December 1909 he reported for duty as commandant, Naval Station Cavite and Olongapo, Philippines. Appointed Rear Admiral 20 October 1910, he departed the Philippines on 3 February 1912 to become Governor of the Naval Home, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 25 March. He retired on 26 March 1913 and died at San Diego, California on 21 July 1936.

Construction and commissioning
Mertz was laid down by Bath Iron Works Corp., Bath, Maine on 10 May 1943 and launched on 11 September 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Selma M. Allen, daughter of Rear Admiral Mertz The ship was commissioned at Charlestown, Massachusetts on 19 November 1943.

Arrival in the Pacific
After shakedown off Bermuda, Mertz departed Norfolk, Virginia, 26 January 1944 for the central Pacific, via the Panama Canal and San Diego, California, arriving at Pearl Harbor 5 March. On 9 March, the destroyer got underway for the Marshall Islands as convoy escort, arriving Majuro Atoll 6 days later. Mertz sailed on 22 March to join TG 58.2 and on 26 March and act as escort back to Majuro. En route on 31 March, she caught a Japanese maru at 0600 in the glare of her searchlights. The enemy merchant ship maneuvered to get away, only to go down under the hail of 5 in projectiles from Mertz. The task group reached Majuro 6 April. Five days later Mertz steamed for the New Hebrides as a screen for the escort carrier USS Barnes (CVE-20), arriving at Espiritu Santo on 15 April.

In mid-May, the destroyer returned to Pearl Harbor to prepare for the Marianas campaign. She took fire support and patrol station close ashore to Saipan on 14 June, pounding gun emplacements in the daytime and at night maintaining illumination over the enemy lines until 22 June, when she began screening convoys.

Peleliu and Angaur
Mertz participated in the occupations of Peleliu and of Angaur in the Palau Islands, arriving 10 September. She retired to Manus, Admiralty Islands, on 23 September to prepare for the invasion of Leyte, Philippines.

Philippines campaign
On 20 October, D-Day for the Leyte landing forces, Mertz escorted landing craft through air attacks to the beach and later in the day patrolled off Dinagat Island at the entrance to Leyte Gulf. Early in the morning of 25 October as the Japanese Southern Force approached Leyte Gulf through the Mindanao Sea, Mertz and USS McNair (DD-679) patrolled between Desolation Point and Homonhon Island, lest the enemy fleet choose to steam north along the east coast of Dinagat Island to attack the Allied beachhead. When the Japanese entered Surigao Strait, Rear Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf’s force met and destroyed the enemy armada in the classic “crossing-of-the-T” maneuver known as the Battle of Surigao Strait, part of the overall Battle of Leyte Gulf. Later that same day Mertz splashed a Zero at several hundred yards with heavy machinegun fire.

With the Leyte beachhead established, the destroyer got underway 26 October for Hollandia, New Guinea, anchoring in Humboldt Bay on the 30th to replenish. She got underway for Leyte again 9 November escorting a reinforcement convoy arriving 5 days later. Mertz then continued on to Seeadler Harbor, Manus, to join a task unit staging for the daring expedition through the Sulu Sea, controlled by the enemy since early 1942, to capture Mindoro. The American ships had to contend with both a typhoon and heavy air attacks. Mertz splashed a Ki-43 ("Oscar") 15 December and assisted in the destruction of several others. Departing San Pedro Bay 4 January 1945, she made another voyage through the Sulu Sea, to support the invasion of Luzon at Lingayen Gulf on 9 January before returning to San Pedro Bay on 16 January.

Attacks on Japan
On 10 February, Mertz steamed from Ulithi for three months at sea with the Fast Carrier Task Force. During this time, she played a role in the airstrikes on the Tokyo area 16 February, the landings on Iwo Jima 19 February, and the raids on Okinawa 1 March. While screening the flattops off Kyūshū, Japan, in March, she downed two more enemy planes. While operating off Okinawa Mertz helped sink the JSUB I-56 (1944) on 18 April. The destroyer retired to Ulithi 14 May, before returning to Okinawa on 24 May. She next steamed to Okino Daito Jima which she bombarded on 9 June. The next day, she got underway for Leyte Gulf, anchoring at San Pedro Bay 13 June.

As part of Adm. Willam F. Halsey’s 3rd Fleet she cleared San Pedro on 1 July, and nine days later arrived at the launching area off the southeast coast of Tokyo for strike on the Japanese home islands. Beginning with the attacks on Tokyo 10 July, Mertz ranged up and down the coasts of Japan until she joined an antishipping sweep in the Kuriles while en route to the Aleutians. The destroyer arrived at Adak 14 August, the day of Japan's capitulation.

End of World War II and fate
Mertz's first and only peacetime duty came 31 August, when she departed Adak for Japan, arriving Ominato, northern Honshū, on 8 September, to operate with the 3rd Fleet during the occupation of the northern Honshū-Hokkaidō area. On 15 September the destroyer departed Ominato Harbor for the west coast, arriving San Francisco on 30 September.

On 1 December, Mertz steamed to San Diego, where she decommissioned 23 April 1946 and entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet. She was reassigned to the Long Beach, California, group 1 July 1951 and the Stockton, California, group 1 January 1959. Mertz was finally sold for scrap on 16 December 1971.

Awards
Mertz received 10 battle stars for World War II service.

title: USS Mertz


text:
User talk:F**k'd

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

You've been told this before, but perhaps the second time will be the charm. -- Hadal 03:58, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

The sandbox is right there for you to play in, but if you don't stop mucking up articles I will have to block you from editing; I don't want to do this, so please take your testing to the Sandbox. Thanks. -- Hadal 04:20, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:F**k'd


text: User:Uaxuctum~enwiki

title: User:Uaxuctum~enwiki


text: Category:Regions of Poland

title: Category:Regions of Poland


text:
User talk:Drgnu23

Hi there. Just dropping you a note to let you know that you can't just copy and paste text from other websites into Wikipedia articles unless you are the original author and copyright holder, or the copyright holder releases the content under the GFDL license. See Copyrights for more information. —Stormie 04:04, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)

I understand the copyright limitations but I AM the writer of the page and the originator except where there are notations.

I think that the 12 and 12 are under fair use for this type of project. There is no way to paraphrase those. There is an agreement with AA (Alcoholics anonymous) 6that anytime we (SLAA) uses the 12 Steps we will reprint the AA 12 steps in smaller print on the same page. I'm not sure what problems this may cause OR if this might be better dealt with as an external link. Indeed I hope to make it easier for those who need information to find it .. not just by linking to a web page(s) as reference but by using that base material and making it more generally applicable. I am the author of any NON-COPYRIGHT material on the website slaact.org and am (if you do a whois) the owner of ourexchange.net -- the host organization.

The web text was being altered to reflect the general rather than the addict audience as you pulled them. (changes from I or our to 'the addict' .. to allow people an understanding of the process.

I do thank you for your input.

DrGnu

E*sequiturs link notification: No other way to reach you: Feel free to remove this
Dear Wikipedian:

This e-mail to let you know that I'm linking to your polydactyly hand x-ray (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Polydactyly_01_Rhand_AP.jpg) in my upcoming experimental e-book, "e*sequiturs" (http://www.esequiturs.com; launch late Fall 2008). Of course, you will be appropriately cited in the webliography.

I'm writing to thank you for posting this important work, and to convey my hopes that you will keep it posted FOREVER (and NEVER change the URL).

Thank you again for posting this important work.

Sincerely, David St.-Lascaux dstlascaux@gmail.com Dstlascaux (talk) 22:22, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi there,

 * If you are the original author, then feel free to replace my copyright warning version with your version of the articles.

 * My personal suggestion would be to merge all of the info into the SLAA article, rather than having separate articles for 12 Steps and 12 Traditions, English SLAA 12 Steps and Englisn SLAA 12 Traditions (I'm sure you also noticed the typo in the name of that last one). Also, Italian versions should be on the Italian Wikipedia . You can create interwiki links by putting a link like Dodici Passi at the bottom of the 12 Steps article - it will show up in the "Other Languages" box on the left of the page.

 * Please, keep up the altering of the text for the general audience.. that was going to be my other suggestion but it sounds like you're already on top of it. ;-)

 * —Stormie 23:50, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)

Podiatry
Greetings! Actually, all I did to that article was fix a typo... from the page history, it looks like the only other contributor to that section of the page was yourself. I'm afraid I don't know about the podiatric boards... perhaps you could leave a message on the Talk page of that article that it should be expanded by someone who knows more about it? If you want to ask the collective brain of Wikipedia, you might try the Reference Desk. (Side note: you can use four tildes ( ~ ) at the end of your comment to sign with your username and a timestamp.) Mindspillage 17:37, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Page layout and WikiProjects
Hi there! Thanks for your additions of health-related topics. Regarding Surgical technique, you may be interested to know that there are so-called WikiProjects that have similar aims as yours (e.g. WikiProject Clinical medicine). These projects help coordinate work and allow interested parties to discuss (among many other things) page layout and formatting. Please confine those sorts of instructions to WikiProject pages, rather than adding them to the articles. Thanks! --Diberri | Talk 00:49, Aug 26, 2004 (UTC)

12 Steps and 12 Traditions, etc.
The pages 12 Steps and 12 Traditions, English SLAA 12 Steps and Englisn SLAA 12 Traditions have been removed from Copyright problems, but are still flagged up with the template. I am curious to know whether you have any intention to develop them as articles; I think they would benefit from having more context than the last versions before the was added. Thanks. --rbrwr± 12:50, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Podiatry
Hi DRGnu

I am not sure of the politics yet of Wikipedia, but the vandalism that occurs does occur on a variety of sites here - check out Islam for one. I'll keep my eye open for the podiatry topic. It still needs some work. I'm not sure there is any appropriate action for anyone else to take with an unlogged in user. Everyone else still must stay aware and clean up after them.

I have contributed here periodically for a few years without being logged in. I plan to participate in a variety of areas and not medicine alone. I'll clean up things were I can and try to contribute constructively.

PunkPod 00:49, 21 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Your polydactyly X-rays.
I've prepared the following, as per your request. They're ready to be used in the article, at your discretion.

grendel|khan 05:36, 2004 Dec 23 (UTC)

 * DrGnu: Fascinating pictures. Could you perhaps give a bit more information on them, and so extend the article a bit? I wonder: Could the patient move the extra middle finger well and independently of the other fingers? Does the extra finger make tasks requiring dexterity easier or harder? Did the patient (a 10-year old boy, I think, you wrote) suffer from any complications or from a feeling of "being odd"? If this is really as common as the article states (1 in 500 births) how comes I never met somebody with six fingers? Are they typically surgically removed? Thanks. Simon A. 11:26, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Seconded. This is an intrigueing medical subject. --Ifrit 21:22, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Gangrene
The page was mostly copied from another site on the Internet, articles on Wikipedia have to be licensed under the GFDL they can't include information copied from copyright sources. There was no choice but to revert the article. I explained this on the talk page. Edward 21:13, 2004 Dec 30 (UTC)
 * It is being re-written as we speakDrGnu 16:08, 1 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Pic of the Day
Hi DrGnu,

Just to let you know that your X-ray of polydactyly is coming up for Picture of the Day on 20th Jan. You might like to check Picture of the day/January 20, 2005 to be sure that the accompanying caption is OK. - Solipsist 10:30, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Leg
Hi! Have you noticed how extremely poor is the article "leg"? Because that's the topic that you are expert in, you can "beef it up" a little bit. I suggest that you write something about anatomy, physiology, patology...actually I'm just finding out how vast this article could become. You can also replace the picture. The Community would be grateful. --Eleassar777 12:42, 13 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Medical record
There is a suggestion to merge Medical record, that you have previously contributed to, with Medical records. There is a big difference between what makes up an individual clinical record (history, examination, investigations, correspondence) and all the administrative/legal aspects (keeping, disclosing vs confidentiality, auditing of records). Merging may may create an article that is too long, but separately the names are too cofusingly similar. There is also some comments about moving the details of examination to Physical examination. Please click on here if you would like to contribute to this discussion. David Rubentalk 23:47, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

Regarding 04_Jan_2003_(10).jpg
Could you please let me know what is the disease affecting the foot shown in the picture?

Dwaipayanc

Polydactyly suggestion
Hi,

What great photos at polydactyly. Thanks for contributing them.

To satisfy the obvious curiosity, I wondered if you could add a section to the article discussing the usability of the extra digits. Questions I'd love to see addressed, if you have the time:
 * How often an extra finger is 100% usable
 * How often an extra thumb is 100% usable
 * When not at 100%, is this usually because of the lack of the development of musculature, or lack of joints in the bone, or some other issue?
 * How many surgical procedures are performed yearly removing digits from polydactyls?
 * Does an extra toe often interfere with running or sports participation?

Thanks for illuminating such an interesting subject. Tempshill 18:53, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Drgnu, I also have a question with regards to polydactyls, are the extra fingers, if functional, as easy to remove in later life as they are after birth? Thanks for your input in this interesting topic. Jackpot Den 12:51, 8 April 2006 (UTC)
 * The difficulty with removing fingers and toes is a question of functionality. In these radiographs one would have to remove a central ray and reduce the bone in the wrist (a huge undertaking) since the finger (central, probably the 3rd from the thumb) is fully functional and fully innervated. Often toes and fingers are flaps of skin on the lateral hand surfaces and can be removed just after birth or soon thereafter with minor alterations to the skin surface. When they are, as these digits, fully attached and innervated, it requires a good deal of re-engineering of bone and skin to make them functional. DrGnu 14:10, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

Bunions
Are there excersies that can improve bunions? Could regular mobilisation of the joint prevent or cure bunions? 128.84.178.102 13:33, 28 April 2006 (UTC)

Medical Free/OpenSource software
I'm trying to gather as much information on Free/OpenSource software. I'm trying to start a Wiki. For now it is called Medgpl but i think it will change. The project is now only on one page (two if you count the discussion). You are welcome to contribute if you want.

Delaroyas 22:50, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Dermatology
Do you have any interest in dermatology? If so, I am always looking for more help ;) Regardless, thank you for your work on wikipedia! ---kilbad (talk) 19:19, 6 June 2009 (UTC)

Underinsured
Please take a look. -MBHiii (talk) 17:24, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

File:Plantarkeratosis-01.jpg
Hi, can you tell which type of palmoplantar keratodermas is this, if you can please replay to my talk page, thank you M aen K. A.  Talk  15:00, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

Requesting a permission to use Polydactyly 01 Rhand AP.jpg
Dear Drgnu23,

I would like to get your permission to use the photo in a local school book I am working on. The photo is an example I would like to use to show students that Polydactyly is a cause by mutation. If possible, I wonder if you have a higher res of this photo and email to me at simplelife06@gmail.com.

Thank you very much.

Regards, Joue Huey —Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.54.219.19 (talk) 02:34, 7 March 2011 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of File:Dupuytrens-01.jpg

A tag has been placed on File:Dupuytrens-01.jpg requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section F10 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a file that is not an image, sound file or video clip (e.g. a Word document or PDF file) that has no encyclopedic use.

If you think that the page was nominated in error, contest the nomination by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion" in the speedy deletion tag. Doing so will take you to the talk page where you can explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but do not hesitate to add information that is consistent with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines.  Del ♉ sion 23  (talk)  11:31, 22 December 2012 (UTC)

The Wikipedia Library now offering accounts from Cochrane Collaboration (sign up!)
The Wikipedia Library gets Wikipedia editors free access to reliable sources that are behind paywalls. Because you are signed on as a medical editor, I thought you'd want to know about our most recent donation from Cochrane Collaboration. Cheers, Ocaasit | c 20:36, 16 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Cochrane Collaboration is an independent medical nonprofit organization that conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions, which it then publishes in the Cochrane Library.
 * Cochrane has generously agreed to give free, full-access accounts to 100 medical editors. Individual access would otherwise cost between $300 and $800 per account.
 * If you are still active as a medical editor, come and sign up :)

Please claim your upload(s): File:Dupuytrens-01.jpg
Hi, This image was seemingly uploaded prior to current image polices, Thank you.

However, as part of ongoing efforts to ensure all media on English Wikipedia is correctly licensed and attributed it would be appreciated if you were able to confirm, that it was your own work, by marking it as own, amending the information added by a third party, and by changing the license to an appropriate "self" variant. You can also add  to the Media by uploader or Presumed self tag(s) if  present to indicate that you've acknowledged the image, and license shown (and updated the information where appropriate).

IF you have other uploads, please consider "claiming" them in a similar manner, You can find a list of files you have created [ here].

This will assist those reviewing the many many "free" images on commons that have not yet been transferred to Commons. ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 18:40, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Drgnu23


text:
Nucleoside triphosphate

A nucleoside triphosphate is a nucleoside containing a nitrogenous base bound to a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), with three phosphate groups bound to the sugar. They are the molecular precursors of both DNA and RNA, which are chains of nucleotides made through the processes of DNA replication and transcription. Nucleoside triphosphates also serve as a source of energy for cellular reactions and are involved in signalling pathways.

Nucleoside triphosphates cannot be absorbed well, so they are typically synthesized within the cell. Synthesis pathways differ depending on the specific nucleoside triphosphate being made, but given the many important roles of nucleoside triphosphates, synthesis is tightly regulated in all cases. Nucleoside analogues may also be used to treat viral infections. For example, azidothymidine (AZT) is a nucleoside analogue used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS.

Naming
The term nucleoside refers to a nitrogenous base linked to a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose). Nucleotides are nucleosides covalently linked to one or more phosphate groups. To provide information about the number of phosphates, nucleotides may instead be referred to as nucleoside (mono, di, or tri) phosphates. Thus, nucleoside triphosphates are a type of nucleotide.

Nucleotides are commonly abbreviated with 3 letters (4 or 5 in case of deoxy- or dideoxy-nucleotides). The first letter indicates the identity of the nitrogenous base (e.g., A for adenine, G for guanine), the second letter indicates the number of phosphates (mono, di, tri), and the third letter is P, standing for phosphate. Nucleoside triphosphates that contain ribose as the sugar are conventionally abbreviated as NTPs, while nucleoside triphosphates containing d eoxyribose as the sugar are abbreviated as dNTPs. For example, dATP stands for deoxyribose adenosine triphosphate. NTPs are the building blocks of RNA, and dNTPs are the building blocks of DNA. The carbons of the sugar in a nucleoside triphosphate are numbered around the carbon ring starting from the original carbonyl of the sugar. Conventionally, the carbon numbers in a sugar are followed by the prime symbol (‘) to distinguish them from the carbons of the nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous base is linked to the 1’ carbon through a glycosidic bond, and the phosphate groups are covalently linked to the 5’ carbon. The first phosphate group linked to the sugar is termed the α-phosphate, the second is the β-phosphate, and the third is the γ-phosphate; these are linked to one another by two phosphoanhydride bonds.

DNA and RNA synthesis
The cellular processes of DNA replication and transcription involve DNA and RNA synthesis, respectively. DNA synthesis uses dNTPs as substrates, while RNA synthesis uses rNTPs as substrates. NTPs cannot be converted directly to dNTPs. DNA contains four different nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. RNA also contains adenine, guanine, and cytosine, but replaces thymine with uracil. Thus, DNA synthesis requires dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and dTTP as substrates, while RNA synthesis requires ATP, GTP, CTP, and UTP.

Nucleic acid synthesis is catalyzed by either DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase for DNA and RNA synthesis respectively. These enzymes covalently link the free -OH group on the 3’ carbon of a growing chain of nucleotides to the α-phosphate on the 5’ carbon of the next (d)NTP, releasing the β- and γ-phosphate groups as pyrophosphate (PPi). This results in a phosphodiester linkage between the two (d)NTPs. The release of PPi provides the energy necessary for the reaction to occur. It is important to note that nucleic acid synthesis occurs exclusively in the 5’ to 3’ direction.

Nucleoside triphosphate metabolism
Given their importance in the cell, the synthesis and degradation of nucleoside triphosphates is under tight control. This section focuses on nucleoside triphosphate metabolism in humans, but the process is fairly conserved among species. Nucleoside triphosphates cannot be absorbed well, so all nucleoside triphosphates are typically made de novo. The synthesis of ATP and GTP (purines) differs from the synthesis of CTP, TTP, and UTP (pyrimidines). Both purine and pyrimidine synthesis use phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) as a starting molecule.

The conversion of NTPs to dNTPs can only be done in the diphosphate form. Typically a NTP has one phosphate removed to become a NDP, then is converted to a dNDP by an enzyme called ribonucleotide reductase, then a phosphate is added back to give a dNTP.

Purine synthesis
A nitrogenous base called hypoxanthine is assembled directly onto PRPP. This results in a nucleotide called inosine monophosphate (IMP). IMP is then converted to either a precursor to AMP or GMP. Once AMP or GMP are formed, they can be phosphorylated by ATP to their diphosphate and triphosphate forms.

Purine synthesis is regulated by the allosteric inhibition of IMP formation by the adenine or guanine nucleotides. AMP and GMP also competitively inhibit the formation of their precursors from IMP.

Pyrimidine synthesis
A nitrogenous base called orotate is synthesized independently of PRPP. After orotate is made it is covalently attached to PRPP. This results in a nucleotide called orotate monophosphate (OMP). OMP is converted to UMP, which can then be phosphorylated by ATP to UDP and UTP. UTP can then be converted to CTP by a deamination reaction. TTP is not a substrate for nucleic acid synthesis, so it is not synthesized in the cell. Instead, dTTP is made indirectly from either dUDP or dCDP after conversion to their respective deoxyribose forms.

Pyrimidine synthesis is regulated by the allosteric inhibition of orotate synthesis by UDP and UTP. PRPP and ATP are also allosteric activators of orotate synthesis.

Ribonucleotide reductase
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is the enzyme responsible for converting NTPs to dNTPs. Given that dNTPs are used in DNA replication, the activity of RNR is tightly regulated. It is important to note that RNR can only process NDPs, so NTPs are first dephosphorylated to NDPs before conversion to dNDPs. dNDPs are then typically re-phosphorylated. RNR has 2 subunits and 3 sites: the catalytic site, activity (A) site, and specificity (S) site. The catalytic site is where the NDP to dNDP reaction takes place, the activity site determines whether or not the enzyme is active, and the specificity site determines which reaction takes place in the catalytic site.

The activity site can bind either ATP or dATP. When bound to ATP, RNR is active. When ATP or dATP is bound to the S site, RNR will catalyze synthesis of dCDP and dUDP from CDP and UDP. dCDP and dUDP can go on to indirectly make dTTP. dTTP bound to the S site will catalyze synthesis of dGDP from GDP, and binding of dGDP to the S site will promote synthesis of dADP from ADP. dADP is then phosphorylated to give dATP, which can bind to the A site and turn RNR off.

ATP as a source of cellular energy
ATP is the primary energy currency of the cell. Despite being synthesized through the metabolic pathway described above, it is primarily synthesized during both cellular respiration and photosynthesis by ATP synthase. ATP synthase couples the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate with an electrochemical gradient generated by the pumping of protons through either the inner mitochondrial membrane (cellular respiration) or the thylakoid membrane (photosynthesis). This electrochemical gradient is necessary because the formation of ATP is energetically unfavourable.

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi proceeds as follows:

This reaction is energetically favourable and releases 30.5 kJ/mol of energy. In the cell, this reaction is often coupled with unfavourable reactions to provide the energy for them to proceed. GTP is occasionally used for energy-coupling in a similar manner.

GTP signal transduction
GTP is essential for signal transduction, especially with G proteins. G proteins are coupled with a cell membrane bound receptor. This whole complex is called a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). G proteins can bind either GDP or GTP. When bound to GDP, G proteins are inactive. When a ligand binds a GPCR, an allosteric change in the G protein is triggered, causing GDP to leave and be replaced by GTP. GTP activates the alpha subunit of the G protein, causing it to dissociate from the G protein and act as a downstream effector.

Nucleoside analogues
Nucleoside analogues can be used to treat viral infections. Nucleoside analogues are nucleosides that are structurally similar (analogous) to the nucleosides used in DNA and RNA synthesis. Once these nucleoside analogues enter a cell, they can become phosphorylated by a viral enzyme. The resulting nucleotides are similar enough to the nucleotides used in DNA or RNA synthesis to be incorporated into growing DNA or RNA strands, but they do not have an available 3' OH group to attach the next nucleotide, causing chain termination. This can be exploited for therapeutic uses in viral infections because viral DNA polymerase recognizes certain nucleotide analogues more readily than eukaryotic DNA polymerase. For example, azidothymidine is used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Some less selective nucleoside analogues can be used as chemotherapy agents to treat cancer, such as cytosine arabinose (ara-C) in the treatment of certain forms of leukemia.

Resistance to nucleoside analogues is common, and is frequently due to a mutation in the enzyme that phosphorylates the nucleoside after entry into the cell. This is common in nucleoside analogues used to treat HIV/AIDS.

title: Nucleoside triphosphate


text:
User talk:Corvun

ATTENTION!!! — It has come to my attention that the use of the singular they is running rampant throughout the Wikipedia, infesting everything from English language stub articles to physics articles to articles on Wikipedia policy. While I am doing what I can to help combat this vile cancer plaguing our beautiful language, it is an exhausting battle. If you feel the need to post something on this page, my one refuge from The Sickness, please abstain from using the plural word they in the singular. Use he or she, s/he, one, or even it, but please do not transmit this dangerous memetic disease to my talk page.

On a more serious note: Please note that at present I am taking heavy medications for certain physical disabilities. While these don't generally inhibit my mental faculties or cloud my judgement, I sometimes become rather uncharacteristically irritable during periods of withdrawl. If I seem pissy or if I say something venomous or insulting, please call me on it, and please don't take it personally. You'll find I'm quick to appologize once I realize I've said something I normally wouldn't have. I risk completely humiliating myself by putting this note here only because I place good communication and cooperation above my own ego, and wish to serve my community (in this case the Wikipedian community) the best I can. To accomplish this requires absolute honesty, which I consider, along with courtesy, respect, and humility, to be among the highest of virtues. I truly wish there to be no need to put this notice here, but as hard as it is to admit to myself, I can no longer ignore its necessity. I put this here in trust of you, my fellow Wikipedians, and ask in return only that you respect this trust I've placed in you by not using it against me. It is in this spirit of trust that cooperative efforts are possible, and in lack of it that they are from onset doomed to embarassing failure. Without trust, we have nothing.

Comments are welcomed below:

Nashville user?
You had cleared out your talk page, but hadn't responded. I'm not trying to spam you; just wanted to make sure you saw my question. Even a "no comment" response is fine! "Just to get an idea of other Wikipedians around Nashville, I'm compiling a small list of users in the area. Are you in or around Nashville? See also Category:Wikipedians in Tennessee. --J. J. 17:36, 2005 September 6 (UTC)"

 * Sorry, I meant to post an answer to your talk page when I cleared mine. No, I'm not from Nashville.  I'm from out west.  --Corvun 19:33, September 7, 2005 (UTC)

Civility
Corvun, looking over the history of Talk:Stregheria, it is obvious that you can engage in real discussion. I understand from your "more serious note" above that you're aware that there are times when you're not at your best, and that you are inviting others to "call you on it". Our interactions haven't been trouble-free, but I am much more concerned about the recent exchange with the anonymous user. As I noted, it's not obvious to me why that anon was claiming plagiarism, and they did not display good Wikiquette. But, as an experienced editor, it is important to be civil, assume good faith, and not bite the newcomers. Jkelly 22:25, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * So, you really are an honest contributor, and you're not trying to cause trouble? Honestly?  If the answer is yes, I would very much like to work cooperatively with you; just something about the way you initially went about the edits seemed to me like someone looking to start flame wars.  However, as you point out, there are times I am not my best and the same is true for anyone.  If you really, truly are a genuine contributor who's just trying to improve things here on Wikipedia, then I appologize, and would very much look forward to working with you on improving the articles in question.  The whole Neopagan/Syncreto-Pagan issue looks to be a hot-button, as either term seems to make bold and unknowable assumptions that are bound to bother someone (I used Syncreto-Pagan because it's most consistent with how adherent view the religion, because the religion is a syncretic blend of Pagan and Catholic elements, and because it doesn't seem to me to require quite as many unprovable assumptions), and we may want to figure out a way to keep from addressing it directly except in a part of the article specifically devoted to the issue of its supposed antiquity, possibly by using the more ambiguous "Pagan" description, which could mean almost anything. --Corvun 00:12, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

Corvid evolution
If you would ever like to ellucidate your point about possible corvid evolution, I would be interested to hear about it. Have you ever been published on the subject? Is there any relevant book that I should look for? My e-mail is below: maprovonsha [AT] hotmail [DOT] com Maprovonsha172 02:15, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Help/Support for Generation XY article
Hi Corvun I noticed you as well on the Gen X talk page discussing the overlap and generation gap between X and Y - I along with a few others have established an article relating to people such as ourselves who are not documented or even accepted within sociological ranks, considered as the MTV Generation or XY Gen what have you - but I seek others to help support this article and modify it as well as add further insight to a 3rd lost generation (as Generation Jones) which in my belief has been horribly overlooked due to the arrogance of Gen X who wish todominate over the 80s and the new surge of Gen Y which doesn't even seem to have any notable depth as of yet. Please join the Gen XY talk page and add you reviews and opinions, it would be greatly appreciated. Piecraft 23:58, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

T.rex vs. Spinosaurus
I'm curious as to the source for your claim that Spinosaurus "definitely wasn't" larger than T.rex. My understanding (based on an admittely cursory overview of the relevant literature) was that T.rex generally grew to about 45ft. long, while Spinosaurus might grow to up to 50ft., maybe a bit longer, but was more lightly built. Of course, the fragmentary nature of Spinosaurus specimens, including the destruction of the holotype during World War II, makes this difficult to verify. Is that conclusion now believed to be incorrect? Crotalus horridus (TALK • CONTRIBS) 01:52, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Still an editor?
If so, you may want to check my little start-up: Cephalopod intelligence. A lot more needs to be added, specifically a section on brain and nervous system. Six months ago you may recall I mentioned it on Cetacean intelligence and you sounded interested. I get around to things eventually... Marskell 11:48, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

he, she, it, them, and all that
I wouldn't worry about it to the point of changing articles. Everyone recognizes that English has in the past neither had nor especially needed (since everyone was assumed to be male) a gender-neutral singular pronoun. Various convoluted terms have been invented, but "they" seems to have evolved in meaning to fill the gap, I'm fine with (and many if not most editors are, too) and like it better than "he or she" since that can get rather awkward in long passages, hence my stance and although you of course are free to advocate if we go around changing each other's usages it's a waste of effort, in my opinion. Cheers, Herostratus 01:48, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

Orange(fruit)
Hey, in the disussion page for the orange fruit, you mentioned that if you add yeast to an orange rind and keep it damp for a few days it should produce a hallucinogenic substance. is there any truth to this, and if so what part is the rind? Sparky667

Articles for deletion/Shake (cannabis)
I have nominated Shake (cannabis) for deletion, an article you've edited. Please see Articles for deletion/Shake (cannabis). Zenwhat (talk) 19:43, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

GA Reassessment of Stregheria
I have done a GA Reassessment of the Stregheria article as part of the GA Sweeps project. I have found that the article does not meet the current GA Criteria. My review is here. I am notifying you as the primary editor that I have put this article on hold pending fixes. Should there be any questions please contact me at my talk page. H1nkles (talk) 20:41, 15 June 2009 (UTC)

Help with the stregheria article?
you seem to be a much better editor than i, so i was sondering if you could help me clean it up. the article seems so entrenched in fluff-ravinites and other such things it is a daunting task for me to take alone. I found you through its talk archive complaining about the same thing and thought maybe you could help. thank you in advance for your time. Stregamama (talk) 14:29, 17 March 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:48, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Corvun


text:
Blast (American band)

Blast (stylized as BL'AST!) is an American punk rock band formed in 1983 in Santa Cruz, California. After breaking up in 1991, they reunited in 2001 and again in 2013. To date, Blast has released three original studio albums (the latest being 1989's Take the Manic Ride), and they have gone through several lineup changes, leaving vocalist Clifford Dinsmore and guitarist Mike Neider as the only constant members.

History
Blast released their first album, The Power of Expression, in 1986. They recorded the album three times before releasing it. They first were signed by Green World Records. Blast caught the attention of SST Records, who signed them for their next release, 1987's It's in My Blood. That same year, a 7-inch was released, including a cover of Alice Cooper's "School's Out". They also were releasing new music on Santa Cruz Skateboard videos. SST and Santa Cruz Skateboards began shared videos and merchandise bridged by Blast as Neider had worked for the skateboard company for many years. The band's third release for SST was Take the Manic Ride, released in 1989.

Blast broke up in 1991 while working on their next album. Neider and Torgerson began Blackout, releasing one 7-inch under that name, and then LAB, who put out a 7-inch EP and a four-song CD and continued into the late 1990s, playing many shows with Fu Manchu. Former Kyuss and Fu Manchu drummer Brant Bjork moved to Santa Cruz to briefly join LAB before joining up with Fu Manchu. In 2001, Blast reunited for shows on the West Coast of the United States.

In September 2013, Southern Lord and Dave Grohl released a remixed and remastered version of It's in My Blood, titled Blood!. Following that release, original vocalist Clifford Dinsmore and guitarist Mike Neider recruited bassist Chuck Dukowski and drummer Dave Grohl to a new Blast EP For Those Who've Graced The Fire, which was released on Rise Records. Mike Neider and Clifford Dinsmore have recruited bassist Nick Oliveri and drummer Joey Castillo to a new Blast lineup, with plans to tour and record new material.

Studio albums

 * The Power of Expression (1986)
 * It's in My Blood (1987)
 * Take The Manic Ride (1989)
 * Blood! (2013)
 * The Expression of Power (2014)

EPs and singles

 * For Those Who've Graced the Fire (2015)
 * BL'AST! / eyehategod split (2016)

Demos

 * Whirlwind (1991)

title: Blast (American band)