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Bowers Fly Baby

The Bowers Fly Baby is a homebuilt, single-seat, open-cockpit, wood and fabric low-wing monoplane that was designed by famed United States aircraft designer and Boeing historian, Peter M. Bowers.

Development
The prototype Fly Baby first flew in 1962, becoming the winner of the Experimental Aircraft Association's 1962 design competition.

Variants include a biplane version called the Bowers Bi-Baby or Fly Baby 1-B, a floatplane version, and several dual-cockpit designs by various builders. Bowers also designed a side-by-side two-seat version he called Namu II, but few examples have been built.

Over 500 Fly Babies have been completed to date, with numerous still flying worldwide and an active network of builders and owners. It is built from plans and was designed to be constructed in a garage using only basic hand tools, by a person of average "home handyman" skill in 1962. The plans consist of over one hundred pages of typewritten instructions and dimensioned drawings. After Bowers' death in 2003 the plans were unavailable for a time. Starting in 2007 they were back on the market, sold by the Bowers family.

Design
To win the 1962 Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) Design Contest, Bowers designed the small plane to meet EAA's criteria for a low-cost, folding-wing airplane that was easy to build and fly, and could be towed or trailered.

The Fly Baby was designed to be a very simple aircraft. For example, the fuel gauge is a stiff wire attached to a float poking up through the gas cap (a common application in the 1930s and 1940s, as seen on Piper and Aeronca light aircraft). The structure is of aircraft-grade spruce and plywood (Bowers did not advocate skimping on the quality of structural wood), covered with doped aircraft fabric. Aileron controls are push-tube, elevator controls are a combination of push-tube and cable, the rudder is cable-controlled.

Although it is not intended for intense aerobatics, the Fly Baby can reportedly be flown through spins, simple loops, and barrel rolls.

The Fly Baby's wings fold up against the fuselage enabling it to be stored in a single-car garage or a car trailer. The wings can be folded or unfolded in about 15 minutes. The airplane was designed to be stored in a garage and towed to the airport on its own gear. In practice, most owners use a trailer or keep their Fly Baby hangared at an airport.

The landing gear is fixed and unsprung. The main landing gear struts are made of laminated wood with a steel axle. The only shock absorption comes from the tires themselves. (Some have been modified from, the original design, to use shock-absorbing, spring-steel landing gear legs.) Hydraulic wheel brakes are usually fitted.

The aircraft was designed to be powered by a 65-horsepower (48 kW) Continental A-65 piston engine taken from a Piper Cub. Engines of up to 100 horsepower (75 kW) have been fitted, including the Continental O-200 and converted Corvair automotive conversions.

While the instrumentation installed is up to the builder, most Fly Babys are equipped for visual flight rules (VFR) only. An electrical system is optional; many Fly Baby owners hand-prop the engine for starting, and use a handheld radio.

Some of the components used, such as the fuel tank and engine, were designed to be taken from the Piper Cub, which were cheap and plentiful in 1962. Even today, the total cost of construction can be under US$10,000.

Variants

 * Bowers Bi-Baby
 * A Fly Baby can be converted to a biplane Bi-Baby in less than one hour by adding the struts and upper wing to the existing aircraft (if the fittings were built in) or it can be built as a biplane version from the start.

United States
In the United States of America the FAA categorizes the Fly Baby as an Experimental Amateur-Built aircraft. It also fits the FAA's specifications for a Light Sport Aircraft and can be flown in the US by pilots holding a Recreational Pilot or Sport Pilot certificate.

Canada
In Canada the Fly Baby may be built as an amateur-built aircraft or as a basic ultra-light aeroplane. It may be flown with an Ultra-light Pilot Permit or higher aeroplane licence.

Comparable aircraft

 * Ameri-Cana Eureka
 * Murphy JDM-8
 * Hanson Woodwind, Scott Ol' Ironsides - Construction methods based on Bower's Fly Baby plans.

title: Bowers Fly Baby


text:
Category:Volvo Cars

 * Volvo Cars—the.
 * Owned by the Swedish Volvo Group (1927−1999), American Ford Motor Company (1999−2010), and Chinese Zhejiang Geely Holding Group (2010−present).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Volvo Cars


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Talk:The Storm/The Eye (Stargate Atlantis)

From VfD:

Has no content. The program hasn't even aired yet. RickK 19:10, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. - I created a handful of Stargate Atlantis episode articles in anticiption of their airing. The firt of the unaired episodes (Hide and Seek) airs tonight. If The Storm/The Eye (Stargate Atlantis) is unacceptable, then at what point is the cut off? One week? One month? - UtherSRG 19:18, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * One month sounds reasonable to me. -- Cyrius|✎ 19:45, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Somebody was just complaining about a lack of a standard format for TV episodes; here someone tries to put in a template and it goes on vfd in a few hours.  I see nothing wrong with episode articles coming on line as soon as an episode is known to exist. Jgm 19:58, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. stub != deletion candidate!!!  Bacchiad
 * It is not a stub. It contains no text.  This is the same as if the article were empty.  RickK 23:44, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * It's not the same. There is info in the infobox. The relevance of the information to the episode in relationship to the other episodes is unclear at this time, as is appropriate. What is still not clear to me is why you singled out only that episode should be here on VfD and not any of the others, particularly the one immediately preceeding it. - UtherSRG 23:55, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete placeholder. Would be the same if someone created an empty article / template for 2005 Election results.  SWAdair | Talk  03:45, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Pointless. Delete.    — Chameleon Main/Talk/Images 11:39, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It will be filled soon enough.  What's the hurry? Gamaliel 14:35, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Then it can be recreated when there is information to put in it. RickK 21:53, Jul 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Why bother? Why not just save the effort and leave it? Gamaliel 15:50, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Why do we want empty articles? Lucky6.9 is having to redo several articles by what he calls the "B movie vandal" which actually contain text, just little of it.  Why is that unacceptable, but a completely empty article is acceptable?  Why don't we just go ahead now and create empty articles for all of the red links on lists of upcoming movies?  RickK 19:52, Jul 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Not having seen those articles, I can't judge their acceptability. I just don't see this one as empty, I don't have a problem with stubs for upcoming shows/movies/whatever, and I don't see the need to delete this particular article. Gamaliel 21:34, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I repeat. This is not a stub.  A stub has content.  This article has zero content.  RickK 04:51, Jul 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * Who is the writer of the episode? The director? The guest star? What will be the previous episode? What season will it be aired? The article des have some small amount of content. Are you unable to read the text in the infobox? I ask again, why have you only brought this episode to VfD and not any of the other episode stubs I made at the same time? - UtherSRG 05:05, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. And delete anything else of this kind. When someone has an article to write, let them write it at that time. We wouldn't allow stubs with only a template for aircraft or battlecrusiers or European monarchs or living organisms or asteroids or television episodes or films that have already been shown. Why should the procedure different for television episodes and films that have not been shown? Jallan 23:53, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not reserved seating. Denni ☯ 02:10, 2004 Jul 27 (UTC)
 * Sheepish delete. The template looks good, the author is organized, and this will make a good article soon enough. But I agree that putting up a skeleton article place-holder well in advance isn't a precident that we should be encouraging. It's not a stub, but rather it's a reserved parking space for something that hasn't become notable yet. If something was known about it, then it would be OK, because it would be like an article on an upcoming movie (short synopsis, list of stars, release date, etc). If this is here to remind people to fill out the article when the episode nears/airs, then a red link to it on the Stargate Atlantis list of episodes is an adequate reminder. Perhaps the author should prepare these template articles in User space and then move them once they get some content. - Eisnel 18:33, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion


text:
Talk:Albert R. Broccoli

Untitled
Page says "Broccoli's family developed the hybrid food plant by the same name." I don't see anything in the article Broccoli about this. Can someone clarify how the Broccolis (family & plant) relate? Else I'm afraid this sentence will have to go-- Elf | Talk 19:10, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * This ia a well known urban myth and should be banished. Mintguy (T) 19:36, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * It is absolutely absurd to suggest that this man's family invented broccoli which has been around for centuries and comes from latin, not from a familial surname. Broccoli's family did not bring the first broccoli seeds to the United States anymore than did John Bean's family bring the first beans to Britain.   This is a silly legend that will continually be re-added to this article probably for the rest of time.Heruka2006 07:19, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm making reference to this on the broccoli article, citing sources that claim this urban legend to be true. Leevclarke 20:47, 29 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Ironically, his boxing career at a young age led to a Cauliflower ear. Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? 06:35, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

move. Haukur 19:33, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

Requested move
Cubby Broccoli → Albert R. Broccoli – Broccoli is always credited as Albert R. Broccoli - see IMDb (copied from the entry on the WP:RM page)

Survey

 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one-sentence explanation, then sign your opinion with  ~

 * Support as nominee. AjaxSmack 02:28, 14 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Support. It's what I know of him as, and it gets more Google hits. (Plus quite a few of the "Cubby Broccoli" Google hits are for "Albert R. "Cubby" Broccoli" anyway.) Proteus (Talk) 10:37, 15 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I'd prefer just Albert Broccoli (I get more hits for that than Albert R., for what it's worth) but either would be better than Cubby.--Cherry blossom tree 23:19, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Add any additional comments
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Nedra Clark Broccoli
In the sidebar to the right, her death is shown as 1956. Un der the subheading "Family Life", her death is shown as 1958, after the birth of their daughter. Which is correct?155.82.249.253 14:36, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

Tenses

 * In 1966, Albert was in Japan with other producers scouting locations to film the next James Bond Film. Albert had a ticket booked on BOAC Flight 911. He canceled his ticket on that day so he could see a ninja demonstration. Flight 911 had crashed after clear air turbulence.

Why does the last sentence contain the pluperfect tense? As it stands, paragraph seems to state that he cancelled his ticket after the crash had taken place.--Oxonian2006 (talk) 10:42, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Surname?
It's an unusual surname, could someone track down it's origin? --81.159.23.91 (talk) 19:45, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I think the derivation is no more mysterious than the italian root (no pun intended!) of the name for the vegetable. Suggest you look at the Wiki "broccoli" article. Surnames often derive from very mundane everyday reasoning, including foods, trades, father's christian name, geographical features, etc. My own means "wood in a narrow valley". Hmmm. JohnB57 (talk) 18:26, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Like his cousin, Carl Cauliflower. ←Baseball Bugs What's up, Doc? carrots→ 18:55, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

I've wondered ever since "Albert Broccoli" used to crack me up in movie credit titles 60 yars ago when I was a kid - is he pronounced the same as the vegetable? The pronunciation really ought to appear on the Wikipedia page about him. 75.76.30.63 (talk) 03:31, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

Ted Healy?
I was reading about Ted Healy and noticed his Wiki page talks about Broccoli being involved in an altercation that resulted in Healy's death. Isn't that something that should also be mentioned here? --64.121.177.47 (talk) 01:36, 12 January 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Albert R. Broccoli


text:
Imaginary

Imaginary may refer to:

 * Imaginary (sociology), a concept in sociology
 * The Imaginary (psychoanalysis), a concept by Jacques Lacan
 * Imaginary number, a concept in mathematics
 * Imaginary time, a concept in physics
 * Imagination, a mental faculty
 * Object of the mind, an object of the imagination
 * Imaginary friend

Music

 * Imaginary Records, a record label
 * "Imaginary", a song by Evanescence from Fallen
 * "Imaginary", a song by Imran Khan best video and best song Pakistani Music and Media Awards (PMMA)
 * "Imaginary", a song by Peace from Happy People
 * "Imaginary", a song by Brennan Heart with Jonathan Mendelsohn

Other

 * The Imaginary (Sartre), a 1940 philosophical work by Jean-Paul Sartre
 * Imaginary (exhibition), a mathematical art exhibition by the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach
 * Imaginary (film), a 2024 American supernatural horror film directed by Jeff Wadlow
 * The Imaginary (film), a 2023 Japanese animated fantasy film directed by Yoshiyuki Momose

title: Imaginary


text: Category:Volvo engines

title: Category:Volvo engines


text: Category:Ford engines

title: Category:Ford engines


text: File:ATMahan.png

title: File:ATMahan.png


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Johann Heinrich von Mädler

Johann Heinrich von Mädler (29 May 1794, Berlin – 14 March 1874, Hannover) was a German astronomer.

Life and work
His father was a master tailor and when 12 he studied at the Friedrich‐Werdersche Gymnasium in Berlin. He was orphaned at age 19 by an outbreak of typhus, and found himself responsible for raising three younger sisters. He began giving academic lessons as a private tutor and in this way met Wilhelm Beer, a wealthy banker, in 1824.

In 1829 Beer decided to set up a private observatory in Berlin, with a 95 mm refractor telescope made by Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Mädler worked there. In 1830 they began producing drawings of Mars which later became the first true maps of that planet. They were the first to choose what is today known as Sinus Meridiani as the prime meridian for Martian maps.

They made a preliminary determination for Mars's rotation period, which was off by almost 13 seconds. A later determination in 1837 was off by only 1.1 seconds. They also produced the first exact map of the Moon, Mappa Selenographica, published in four volumes in 1834–1836. In 1837 a description of the Moon (Der Mond) was published. Both were the best descriptions of the Moon for many decades, not superseded until the map of Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt in the 1870s. Beer and Mädler drew the firm conclusion that the features on the Moon do not change, and there is no atmosphere or water.

In 1836, Johann Franz Encke appointed Mädler an observer at the Berlin Observatory, and he observed with its 240-mm refractor. In 1840, Mädler was appointed director of the Dorpat (Tartu) Observatory in Estonia (then Russian Empire), succeeding Friedrich Wilhelm Struve who had moved to Pulkovo Observatory. He carried out meteorological as well as astronomical observations. He continued Struve's observations of double stars. He remained in Tartu until he retired in 1865, and then returned to Germany.

By examining the proper motions of stars, he came up with his "Central Sun Hypothesis", according to which the center of the galaxy was located in the Pleiades star cluster and that the Sun revolves around it. He got the location wrong.

He published many scientific works, among them a two-volume History of Descriptive Astronomy in 1873. Mädlers Populäre Astronomie – Wunderbau des Weltalls ("Popular Astronomy – the Miraculous Architecture of the Universe") reached out to wider audiences; an eighth edition was published in 1885.

In 1864, he proposed a calendar reform for Russia: After dropping 12 days to align with Gregorian calendar dates before the year 1900, the leap year in 1900 along with every 128th year afterwards (2028, 2156, etc.) under the Julian rules would be cancelled.

This would give a mean year of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds, which is extremely close to the mean tropical year. Neither the Tsar nor Orthodox clergy accepted this unsolicited proposal, though a modified version of it was made by Sergey Glazenap in 1900, and ultimately Russia would adopt the Gregorian calendar in 1918.

The craters Mädler on the Moon and Mädler on Mars are both named in his honor.

Obituary

 * MNRAS 35 (1875) 171

title: Johann Heinrich von Mädler


text:
John of Ruusbroec

John of Ruusbroec or Jan van Ruusbroec (1293/1294 – 2 December 1381), sometimes modernized Ruysbroeck, was an Augustinian canon and one of the most important of the medieval mystics of the Low Countries. Some of his main literary works include The Kingdom of the Divine Lovers, The Twelve Beguines, The Spiritual Espousals, A Mirror of Eternal Blessedness, The Little Book of Enlightenment, and The Sparkling Stone. Some of his letters also survive, as well as several short sayings (recorded by some of his disciples, such as Jan van Leeuwen). He wrote in the Dutch vernacular, the language of the common people of the Low Countries, rather than in Latin, the language of the Catholic Church liturgy and official texts, in order to reach a wider audience.

Until his ordination
John had a devout mother, who brought him up in the Catholic faith; nothing is known about his father. John's surname, Van Ruusbroec, is not a surname in the modern sense but a toponymic that refers to his native hamlet - modern-day Ruisbroek near Brussels.

At the age of eleven he left his mother, departing without leave or warning, to place himself under the guidance and tuition of his uncle, Jan Hinckaert, a canon regular of St. Gudule's, Brussels. Hinckaert was living according to his Apostolic views with a fellow-canon, Frank van Coudenberg. This uncle provided for Ruysbroeck's education with a view to the priesthood. In due course, Ruysbroeck was presented with a prebend in St. Gudule's, and ordained in 1318. His mother had followed him to Brussels, entered a Béguinage there, and died shortly before his ordination.

Priest in Brussels
From 1318 until 1343 Ruysbroeck served as a parish priest at St. Gudula. He continued to lead, together with his uncle Hinckaert and Van Coudenberg, a life of extreme austerity and retirement. At that time the Brethren of the Free Spirit were causing controversy in the Netherlands and one of them, a woman named Heilwige Bloemardinne, was particularly active in Brussels, propagating her beliefs chiefly by means of popular pamphlets. Ruysbroeck responded with pamphlets also written in the native tongue (Middle Dutch). Nothing of these treatises remains. The controversy had a permanent effect on Ruysbroeck: his later writings bear constant reference, direct and indirect, to the heretical views expressed in these times, and he always wrote in the country's native language, chiefly with a view to counteract these writings which he viewed as heretical.

Priest in Groenendaal
The desire for a more retired life, and possibly also the persecution which followed Ruysbroeck's attack on Bloemardinne, induced Ruysbroeck, Jan Hinckaert (d. 1350) and Vrank van Coudenberg (d. 1386) to leave Brussels in 1343 for the hermitage of Groenendaal, in the neighbouring Sonian Forest, which was made over to them by John III, Duke of Brabant. The ruins of the monastery are still present in the forest of Soignes.

Many disciples joined the little company. It was then that it was found expedient to organize into a duly-authorized religious body. The hermitage was erected into a community of canons regular on 13 March 1349, and eventually it became the motherhouse of a congregation, which bore its name of Groenendaal. Francis van Coudenberg was appointed first provost, and John Ruysbroeck prior. Hinckaert refrained from making the canonical profession lest the discipline of the house should suffer from the exemptions required by the infirmities of his old age; he dwelt, therefore, in a cell outside the cloister and there a few years later died.

This period, from his religious profession (1349) to his death (1381), was the most active and fruitful of Ruysbroeck's career. During this time, his fame as a man of God, as a sublime contemplative and a skilled director of souls, spread beyond the bounds of Flanders and Brabant to Holland, Germany, and France. He had relations with the nearby Carthusian house at Herne, and also with several communities of Poor Clare Franciscans. He had connections with the Friends of God in Strasbourg, and in about 1378 he was visited by Geert Groote, the founder of the Devotio Moderna. It is possible, though disputed, that John Tauler came to see him.

John died at Groenendaal, aged 82, on 2 December 1381.

Works
In total, Ruysbroeck wrote twelve books, seven epistles, two hymns and a prayer. All were written in Middle Dutch.

Around 1340, Ruysbroeck wrote his masterpiece, The Spiritual Espousals. The 36 surviving Dutch manuscripts, as well as translations into Latin and Middle High German, are evidence of the book's popularity. Some of the text was also translated into Middle English (via the Latin translation) as The Chastising of God's Children (which was later printed by Wynkyn de Worde). Around the same time, he also wrote a short treatise, The Sparkling Stone, which was also translated into Middle English.

Ruysbroeck's most famous writings were composed during his time in Groenendaal. His longest and most popular work (surviving today in 42 manuscripts), The Spiritual Tabernacle, was begun in Brussels but finished at Groenendaal, presumably early on in his time there. Two brief works, The Christian Faith (an explanation of the Creed) and a treatise on The Four Temptations, also date from around the time of Ruysbroeck's arrival in Groenendaal. His later works include four writings to Margareta van Meerbeke, a Franciscan nun of Brussels. These are The Seven Enclosures (c1346-50), the first of his seven surviving letters, The Seven Rungs (c1359-60), and A Mirror of Eternal Blessedness.

Around 1363 the Carthusians at Herne dispatched a deputation to Groenendaal presenting Ruysbroeck with questions on his first book, The Realm of Lovers. Ruysbroeck went to Herne to clarify his teaching, and afterwards put this in writing in his work The Little Book of Enlightenment.

Thought
The treatise The Seven Steps of the Ladder of Spiritual Love is the one that is currently most-readily available. Of the various treatises preserved, the best-known and the most characteristic is that entitled The Spiritual Espousals. It is divided into three books, treating respectively of the active, the interior, and the contemplative life.

Ruysbroeck wrote as the spirit moved him. He loved to wander and meditate in the solitude of the forest adjoining the cloister; he was accustomed to carry a tablet with him, and on this to jot down his thoughts as he felt inspired so to do. Late in life he declared that he had never committed aught to writing save by the motion of the Holy Ghost.

None of his treatises give anything like a complete or detailed account of his system; perhaps it would be correct to say that he himself was not conscious of elaborating any system. In his dogmatic writings he explains, illustrates, and enforces traditional teachings with remarkable force and lucidity. In his ascetic works, his favourite virtues are detachment, humility and charity; he loves to dwell on such themes as flight from the world, meditation upon the life of Christ, especially the passion, abandonment to the Divine Will, and an intense personal love of God.

In common with most of the German mystics, Ruysbroeck starts from divine matters before describing humanity. His work often then returns to discussing God, showing how the divine and the human are so closely united as to become one. He demonstrates inclinations towards Christian universalism in writing that "Man, having proceeded from God is destined to return, and become one with Him again." But here he is careful to clarify his position: "There where I assert that we are one in God, I must be understood in this sense that we are one in love, not in essence and nature." Despite this declaration, however, and other similar saving clauses scattered over his pages, some of Ruysbroeck's expressions are certainly rather unusual and startling. The sublimity of his subject-matter was such that it could scarcely be otherwise. His devoted friend, Geert Groote, a trained theologian, confessed to a feeling of uneasiness over certain of his phrases and passages, and begged him to change or modify them for the sake at least of the weak. Later on, Jean Gerson and then Bossuet both professed to find traces of unconscious pantheism in his works. As an offset, the enthusiastic commendations of his contemporaries should be mentioned. These were by mystics and scholars such as Groote, Johannes Tauler, Thomas à Kempis, John of Schoonhoven, and in subsequent times of the Franciscan Henry van Herp, the Carthusians Denis and Laurentius Surius, the Carmelite Thomas á Jesu, the Benedictine Louis de Blois, and the Jesuit Leonardus Lessius. Ernest Hello and especially Maurice Maeterlinck have done much to make his writings known. Ruysbroeck was a powerful influence in developing United Nations Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld's conception of spiritual growth through selfless service to humanity, as expressed in his book of contemplations called Vägmärken ('Markings').

Ruysbroeck insisted that the soul finds God in its own depths, and noted three stages of progress in what he called the spiritual ladder of Christian attainment: (1) the active life, (2) the inward life, (3) the contemplative life. He did not teach the fusion of the self in God, but held that at the summit of the ascent the soul still preserves its identity. In the Kingdom of the Lovers of God he explains that those seeking wisdom must "flow forth on the waters to all the boundaries of the earth, that is, on compassion, pity and mercy shown to the needs of all men", must "fly in the air of the Rational faculty" and "refer all actions and virtues to the honour of God"; thence (through grace) they will find an "immense and boundless clearness" bestowed upon their mind. In relation to the contemplative life, he held that three attributes should be acquired: The first is spiritual freedom from worldly desires ("as empty of every outward work as if he did not work at all"), the second is a mind unencumbered with images ("inward silence"), and the third is a feeling of inward union with God ("even as a burning and glowing fire which can never more be quenched"). His works, of which the most important were De vera contemplatione ("On true contemplation") and De septem gradibus amoris ("On the seven steps of love"), were published in 1848 at Hanover; also Reflections from the Mirror of a Mystic (1906) and Die Zierde der geistlichen Hochzeit (1901).

Veneration and commemoration
After Ruysbroeck's death in 1381, his relics were carefully preserved and his memory honoured as that of a saint. After his death, stories called him the Ecstatic Doctor or Divine Doctor, and his views formed a link between the Friends of God and the Brethren of the Common Life, the ideas which may have helped to bring about the Reformation.

When Groenendaal Priory was suppressed by Joseph II in 1783, his relics were transferred to St. Gudule's, Brussels, where, however, they were lost during the French Revolution. Ruysbroeck was beatified on 9 December 1908 by Pope Pius X via cultus confirmation.

No authentic portrait of Ruysbroeck is known to exist; but the traditional picture represents him in the canonical habit, seated in the forest with his writing tablet on his knee, as he was in fact found one day by the brethren—rapt in ecstasy and enveloped in flames, which encircle without consuming the tree under which he is resting.

At the University of Antwerp there is a Ruusbroec Institute for the study of the history of spirituality. There is also a secondary school called Jan-van-Ruusbroeckollege in Laken near the Royal Palace of Belgium.

Cultural references
The epigraph of the 1884 novel À rebours by Joris-Karl Huysmans has the following Ruysbroeck quotation: "I must rejoice beyond the bounds of time... though the world may shudder at my joy, and in its coarseness know not what I mean." In this novel, Huysmans describes Ruysbroeck as "un mystique du e siècle, dont la prose offrait un incompréhensible mais attirant amalgame d’exaltations ténébreuses, d’effusions caressantes, de transports âpres" ("a thirteenth century mystic whose prose presented an incomprehensible but attractive amalgam of gloomy ectasies, tender raptures, and violent rages.")

Ruysbroeck is mentioned in The Razor's Edge, a novel by W. Somerset Maugham.

Ruysbroek is also mentioned in Elizabeth Goudge's play, The Brontës of Haworth (in Three Plays, Duckworth, London, 1939).

Modern editions

 * Jan van Ruusbroec: Opera Omnia, ed. G. de Baere, 10 vols, (Turnhout: Brepols, 1981-2006) [the modern critical edition, with the sixteenth-century Latin edition of Laurentius Surius alongside a facing English translation]
 * The Complete Ruusbroec, ed. G. de Baere and Th. Mertens, 2 vols, (Turnhout: Brepols, 2014) [slightly revised edition of the Middle Dutch text and English translation of the 1981-2006 edition]
 * There also exists a single-volume facsimile edition of the 1552 Cologne Opera omnia (Gregg Press Limited, Hants., England, 1967).

Older translations:
 * The Spiritual Espousals. Trans. by H. Rolfson, intro. by P. Mommaers, edited by J. Alaerts. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press, 1995.
 * John Ruusbroec. The Spiritual Espousals and other works. Introduction and translation by James A. Wiseman, O.S.B., preface by Louis Dupré. Mahwah, N.J.: Paulist Press, 1985. [Classics of Western Spirituality] {Includes also: The Sparkling Stone, A Mirror of Eternal Blessedness, and The Little Book of Clarification.} Pages: xvii, 286.
 * The Spiritual Espousals. Translation by Eric Colledge. (London: Faber and Faber, 1952) (Reprint 1983 by Christian Classics.)
 * The Seven Steps of the Ladder of Spiritual Love. Translated by F. Sherwood Taylor, introduced by Joseph Bolland, S.J. London: Dacre Press 1944. Pages: viii, 63.
 * The Kingdom of the Lovers of God. Trans. by T. Arnold Hyde. London: Kegan paul, Trench, Trubner, 1919. Pages: xvi, 216.
 * The Adornment of the Spiritual Marriage; The Sparkling Stone; The Book of the Supreme Truth. Translation by C. A. Wynschenk. Introduction and Notes by Evelyn Underhill. London: J. M. Dent, 1916. {reprinted as (London: J.M. Watkins, 1951), and also in facsimile of the 1916 edition as (Felinfach: Llanerch, 1994)}
 * The Book of the Twelve Béguines. Trans. from Flemish by John Francis. London, 1913. {First sixteen chapters only.}
 * Reflections from the mirror of a mystic, trans. by E.Baillie. London: Thomas Baker, 1905. {Per E.Underhill: short passages paraphrased into Latin by Laurentius Surius (c.1552); however, the better version is Flowers of a Mystic Garden, transl. by 'C.E.S.' London: Watkins, 1912, which was reprinted as Flowers of a Mystic Garden, translated from the French of Ernest Hello by C.E.S., (Felinfach: Llanerch, 1994)}
 * see Paul Verdeyen below.

Commentary

 * Ruusbroec
 * Louis Dupré, The Common Life. Origins of Trinitarian Mysticism and Its Development by Jan van Ruusbroec. New York: Crossroad, 1984.
 * Paul Mommaers, The Land Within. The Process of Possessing & Being Possessed by God according to the Mystic Jan Van Ruysbroeck. Translated from the Dutch by David N. Smith. Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1975.
 * Rik Van Nieuwenhove, Jan Van Ruusbroec. Mystical Theologian of the Trinity, University of Notre Dame, 2003.
 * Vincent Joseph Scully, A Mediaeval Mystic. A short account of the life and writings of Blessed John Rysbroeck, Canon regular of Groenendael A.D. 1293–1381.... New York: Benziger Brothers, 1911. Pages: xii, 131.
 * Wayne Teasdale, "Ruysbroeck's Mystical Theology" Parts 1 and 2. American Benedictine Review 35:82–96, 35:176–193 (1984).
 * Evelyn Underhill, Ruysbroeck. London: G. Bell, 1915. Reprint: Kessinger 2003. Pages: ii, 191. Online
 * Paul Verdeyen, Ruusbroec and his Mysticism, Collegeville: Liturgical Press/Michael Glazier, 1994, includes a short anthology of his writings; being Ruusbroec en zijn mystiek (Leuven: Davidfonds 1981) as transl. by Andre Lefevere.
 * Alfred Wautier d'Aygalliers, Ruysbroeck the Admirable. Transl. by Fred Rothwell. London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1925, & E. P. Dutton, New York, 1925. Reprint: Port Washington, New York: Kennikat, 1969. Pages: xliii, 326.
 * Paul Mommaers and Norbert De Paepe (editors), Jan van Ruusbroec: The Sources, Content, and Sequels of his Mysticism. Louvain: Leuven University Press, 1984.  [Mediaevalia Lovaniensia, ser.1, stud.12]
 * Paul Mommaers and Norbert De Paepe (editors), Jan van Ruusbroec: The Sources, Content, and Sequels of his Mysticism. Louvain: Leuven University Press, 1984.  [Mediaevalia Lovaniensia, ser.1, stud.12]

 * Ruusbroec in context
 * John Arblaster and Rob Faesen, A Companion to John of Ruusbroec. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2014.
 * Stephanus Axters, The Spirituality of the Old Low Countries. London: Blackfriars 1954; being La spiritualité des Pays-Bas: l'evloution d'une doctrine mystique (Louvain 1948), transl. by Donald Attwater. {Axters focuses on Ruusbroec.}
 * Helmut Hatzfeld, "Influence of Ramon Lull & Jan van Ruysbroeck on the Language of Spanish Mystics" Traditio 4: 337–397 (1946).
 * Bernard McGinn, The Varieties of Vernacular Mysticism 1350-1550 (New York: Herder & Herder 2012), chapters one and two.
 * Paul Mommaers & Jan van Bragt, Mysticism, Buddhist and Christian. Encounters with Jan van Ruusbroec. New York: Crossroad, 1995. [Nanzan studies in religion and culture (Nagoya)]

title: John of Ruusbroec


text:
Jack Del Rio

Jack Louis Del Rio Jr. (born April 4, 1963) is an American football coach and a former professional linebacker. He played college football as a linebacker at the University of Southern California before being drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the third round of the 1985 NFL Draft. He also played for four other NFL teams before retiring in 1996.

Del Rio began his coaching career as an assistant with the Saints in 1997. He then joined the Baltimore Ravens as a linebacker coach in 1999, where he was a part of their Super Bowl XXXV winning team that beat the New York Giants. Following a single-season stint as Carolina Panthers defensive coordinator, Del Rio became head coach of the Jacksonville Jaguars in 2003. He compiled a 68–71 record and two playoff appearances with them before being fired after the 2011 season.

Del Rio served as Denver Broncos defensive coordinator for the next three seasons before becoming head coach of the Oakland Raiders in 2015. He compiled a 25–23 record with the Raiders before being fired after the 2017 season. He spent the next two years working as an NFL analyst for ESPN and served as Washington Commanders defensive coordinator from 2020 until being fired mid-way through the 2023 season.

Early years
Jack Louis Del Rio Jr. was born in Castro Valley, California, to big bandleader Jack Del Rio Sr., who was of Spanish descent, and an Italian-American mother. Famed singer Peggy Lee was briefly Del Rio's stepmother after having married Jack Sr. Del Rio attended Hayward High School in Hayward, California, where he developed into a notable three-sport athlete, earning all-state honors in football, baseball, and basketball.

In football, Del Rio helped his team win a North Coast Section 2A Championship. In baseball, although he was the starting catcher, in one game Jack was used as a pitcher and struck out 16 in a playoff game against Mission San Jose-Fremont. Jack and future Seattle Mariners manager Don Wakamatsu were teammates in baseball and football.

College career
Del Rio was selected out of high school by the Toronto Blue Jays in the 22nd round (550th overall) of the 1981 MLB Draft, but opted instead to accept a scholarship from the University of Southern California to play both football and baseball. In baseball, Del Rio was as a two-year starter at catcher on a team that also included future Major League Baseball players Mark McGwire and Randy Johnson, as well as future baseball executive Damon Oppenheimer.

Del Rio was a four-year starter in football. As a junior, he made the third-team 1983 All-American team. As a senior, Del Rio earned consensus All-American honors, was a runner-up for the Lombardi Award given to the nation's best lineman or linebacker, and was named along with quarterback Tim Green co-MVP of the Rose Bowl. He finished his college career with 340 tackles, including 58 tackles for loss. Del Rio was named to the second-team All-Pac-10 in 1984, the first time in his college career he did not make first-team.

New Orleans Saints
Del Rio was selected by the New Orleans Saints in the third round (68th overall) of the 1985 NFL Draft. He was also selected by the Los Angeles Express in the 1985 USFL Territorial Draft. As a rookie, Jack started nine games at right inside linebacker, tied a franchise record with five fumble recoveries (including one returned for a 22-yard touchdown) and earned NFL All-rookie honors. Del Rio also collected 68 tackles, five passes defensed and three forced fumbles. In 1986, Del Rio lost his starting position to Alvin Toles after the season opener and recorded only 20 tackles during the season.

Kansas City Chiefs
In August 1987, Del Rio was traded to the Kansas City Chiefs in exchange for a fifth round draft choice, reuniting him with former Saints defensive coordinator John Paul Young. He started nine games at right outside linebacker, tallying 45 tackles, two sacks and a forced fumble.

That season the NFL players went on strike in September, after week two. Throughout this period of time, Del Rio and teammates picketed outside of Arrowhead Stadium and were vigilantly watching for replacement players attempting to enter the facility. He mistakenly mistook former Chiefs wide receiver Otis Taylor for a replacement player and assaulted him. At the time, the 45-year-old Taylor was a scout for the Chiefs organization and had been retired for twelve years. Taylor later pressed charges and the two eventually settled out of court.

Del Rio started ten games at left outside linebacker in 1988, registering 77 tackles, one sack, and one pass defensed. He was released on August 29, 1989.

Dallas Cowboys
On August 30, 1989, Del Rio was claimed off waivers by the Dallas Cowboys. He was named the starter at strongside linebacker in the fifth game against the Green Bay Packers, where he suffered a bruised calf that forced him to miss the next two games. Del Rio started twelve contests at strongside linebacker, while sharing the position with David Howard in the final eight games, playing in the first and third quarters, finishing the season with 58 tackles, two fumble recoveries (including one returned for a 57-yard touchdown) and one pass defensed.

The next year, Del Rio started all sixteen games at strongside linebacker, making 104 tackles (third on the team), 1.5 sacks, four quarterback pressures and two passes defensed. In 1991, Del Rio replaced Eugene Lockhart as the starter at middle linebacker, while leading the team with 130 total tackles, 53 assists and 77 solo tackles.

In the 1990s, the Cowboys organization felt they could avoid paying a premium and adversely impacting the salary cap by drafting linebackers, so they allowed players like Del Rio, Ken Norton Jr., Darrin Smith, Dixon Edwards, Robert Jones, and Randall Godfrey to leave via free agency.

Minnesota Vikings
On March 4, 1992, Del Rio signed with the Minnesota Vikings as a free agent. He led the team in tackles for three consecutive years and was selected to the 1995 Pro Bowl. In 1995, Del Rio suffered a knee injury in a game against the Chicago Bears and only played one more game that season, which would prove to be the last of his career.

Miami Dolphins
On June 2, 1996, Del Rio signed a one-year contract with the Miami Dolphins, reuniting him with former Cowboys head coach Jimmy Johnson. On August 4, he was released after being passed on the depth chart by rookie Zach Thomas. Del Rio finished his career with 160 game appearances (128 starts), 1,005 tackles, 13 sacks, and 13 interceptions.

Coaching career
Del Rio was hired by New Orleans Saints head coach Mike Ditka as the team's strength and conditioning coach in 1997, moving to linebacker coach the next year. In 1999, he took the same job with the Baltimore Ravens. Del Rio is, in part, credited for the success of the Ravens' Super Bowl-winning defense, particularly in the 2000 season. After the 2001 season, he was named defensive coordinator of the Carolina Panthers and in his first season, in 2002, Del Rio led them to the second ranked defense in the league by total yards.

Jacksonville Jaguars
In 2003, Del Rio became the second head coach of the Jacksonville Jaguars following Tom Coughlin's dismissal. In his first season, he led the team to a 5–11 record. That year, Jacksonville finished the season with the second-ranked rush defense and sixth best overall defense, having ranked 25th and 20th in those two categories, respectively, the year prior. In 2004, the Jaguars narrowly missed the playoffs with a 9–7 record, the first winning record in five seasons. The following season, the team made the playoffs for the first time since advancing all the way to the AFC title game in 1999. They qualified as a wild card; however, the season was ended with a 28–3 loss to the New England Patriots.

The mantra "keep chopping wood", introduced by Del Rio during the season, was intended to indicate how the team would slowly whittle away the huge obstacles in front of them. Del Rio placed a wooden stump and axe in the Jaguars' locker room as a symbol of his rallying cry. After his teammates had been taking swings at the wood with the axe, punter Chris Hanson followed suit and seriously wounded his non-kicking foot. Hanson missed the remainder of the 2003 season, being replaced by Mark Royals.

After missing the playoffs in 2006, Jacksonville cut quarterback Byron Leftwich in favor of David Garrard. The team returned to the playoffs in 2007 winning their first playoff game since 1999. On April 3, 2008, Del Rio's contract with the Jaguars was extended through the 2012 season.

On January 11, 2010, Del Rio was offered the head coaching job at USC, his alma mater. The next day he denied receiving an offer from USC, stating that the offer was "manufactured". Later that afternoon, he rebuffed USC officially, announcing that he would remain with the Jaguars at least through the duration of his current contract.

On November 29, 2011, Del Rio was fired as Jacksonville's head coach. He left with a regular season record of 68–71 and a 1–2 record in two playoff appearances over his nine years. From his years with the Jaguars, Del Rio holds the NFL record for the longest tenure of any head coach to have never won a division title.

Denver Broncos
On January 27, 2012, Del Rio was hired as the new defensive coordinator of the Denver Broncos. In Week 2, Del Rio was fined $25,000 for berating the replacement officials. On November 4, 2013, Del Rio was handed the head coaching duties and named interim head coach for several games when head coach John Fox was sidelined for medical reasons.

Oakland Raiders
On January 14, 2015, Del Rio was hired to become the new head coach of the Oakland Raiders, replacing the fired Dennis Allen (who coincidentally had preceded him as the Broncos defensive coordinator) and interim head coach Tony Sparano.

In 2016, Del Rio led the Raiders to a 12–4 record, with the team making the playoffs for the first time since 2002. They lost to the Houston Texans in the wild card round.

On February 10, 2017, Del Rio signed a four-year contract extension. Del Rio was fired after the Raiders' 30–10 loss to the Los Angeles Chargers in the 2017 regular season finale, ending with a 6–10 record.

In 2019, he was under consideration to become the defensive coordinator of the Cincinnati Bengals, but talks ultimately ended after new head coach Zac Taylor decided he was not a fit.

Washington Football Team / Commanders
On January 2, 2020, Del Rio was hired by the Washington Football Team to serve as their defensive coordinator under head coach Ron Rivera. Del Rio changed their defensive scheme from a 3-4, which the team had used for the past decade, to a 4-3.

In June 2022, Del Rio made a controversial comment on his personal Twitter account where he referred the Capitol attack as a "dust up" and compared the storming of the Capitol to overturn official election results to the unrest that occurred during some of the 2020 George Floyd protests. In response to his comments the Washington Commanders fined Del Rio for $100,000 along with head coach Ron Rivera publicly stating Del Rio's views are not a reflection of the team. Del Rio was fired in November 2023 following a 45–10 loss to the Dallas Cowboys on Thanksgiving, in which the team had allowed the most points in the NFL by that point in the season.

Awards and honors

 * Selected to USC Athletic Hall of Fame (2014)
 * NCAA Silver Anniversary award (2010)
 * Super Bowl champion (XXXV) as coach
 * All-Pro selection (1994)
 * Pro Bowl selection (1994)
 * NFL's All-Rookie Team (1985)
 * Saints' Rookie of the Year (1985)
 * CO-MVP of Rose Bowl (1985)
 * All-America honors as a senior (1984)
 * Pop Warner Trophy (1984)

Personal life
Del Rio earned an undergraduate degree in political science from the University of Kansas in 1990 while he was a player for the Kansas City Chiefs. In 2015, Del Rio was inducted into the USC Athletic Hall of Fame. In 2019, Del Rio worked as an analyst for ESPN. His son, Luke, was a college football quarterback for the Florida Gators in the mid 2010s and is an offensive analyst for the Washington Huskies.

title: Jack Del Rio


text:
User:4pq1injbok

I'm Alex Fink.

title: User:4pq1injbok


text:
User talk:Murple

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
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 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Research chemical
Hi Murple, in case you're not watching it, just posting a heads-up to discussion I started on Talk:Research chemical. -- Rkundalini 02:26, 11 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Again
Please come and discuss at Talk:Research chemical. The changes you made were confusing and should be redone or at least properly documented on the talk page. -- Rkundalini 04:13, 4 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Psychedelic drug
Looks like some decent changes... except why did you remove the cannabinoids and other sections? Depending on the point of view, cannabis is more "psychedelic" than MDMA. --Thoric 20:22, 31 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Cannabis has no serotonergic receptor activity and therefore cannot be a psychedelic, though it can certainly be considered an entheogen for those who favor that term. Murple (talk) 07:13, 24 April 2019 (UTC)

ayahuasca
hi murple

i reorganized the aya article with your new additions. please discuss any issues you might have with what i did.

i deleted two things: the line in the first paragraph that went "in the minds of non-quechua speaking people"; not that it isn't valid, but that first sentence is awkward already. i suggest you find a less awkward place to work that in, as it seems to be a valid remark. Doctorcito wrote that if you'd like to discuss it with him.

i also got rid of the paragraph about respecting quechua culture. the sentence about the spanish spelling is still there, but the paragraph itself seemed out of place in an ayahuasca article.

IMO the article still needs to be clearer that ayahuasca is the vine and not DMT.

--Heah (talk) 22:31, 1 September 2005 (UTC)

T. bridgesii
Hi Murple. Thanks for the contribution you made to the T. bridgesii article. On the matter of the "beast" comment....well, I had read it on some websites. It wasn't a nickname used by me and my mates. ;) --Sennaista 17:42, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

hi, murple
Wondering whether you're the same murple I knew from a long, long time ago. Probably ten years now. Associated with the VPL and another list whose name I now forget. EE? The acronym escapes me. I figure there aren't many "murples" out there with your areas of.. expertise. aa v ^ 08:41, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

thanks
Hi Murple. thanks for all the work/research you've done bringing to light information on kratom. it's made a huge difference in many people's lives (including mine), both directly and indirectly. you're a celebrity in my eye.

74.46.62.234 (talk) 15:05, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

Nomination of Murple (band) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Murple (band) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Murple (band) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. RJFJR (talk) 17:44, 14 June 2011 (UTC)

2,5-dimethylmethcathinone
This article that you recently created seems to conflate two different chemical compounds. The title, some of the infobox data, and some of the text refer to dimethylmethcathinone. However, the reference, some of the infobox data, and some of the text refer to dimethoxymethcathinone. Which of the two is intended? Is some of the data or text therefore inaccurate? This confusion needs to be cleared up. -- Ed (Edgar181) 16:52, 23 April 2012 (UTC)
 * Since the problems have not been addressed, I have moved the page to User:Murple/2,5-dimethylmethcathinone until the contradictions are resolved. Otherwise, the article would probably be deleted.  It can be moved back when it is fixed.  -- Ed (Edgar181) 18:01, 2 May 2012 (UTC)

July 2019
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. While we appreciate that you enjoy using Wikipedia, please note that Wikipedia is an encyclopedia and not a free webhosting service. Wikipedia is not a place to post personal content, host personal websites, or do things that are not directly related to adding to or improving the encyclopedia, as you did at User:Murple. Off-topic material may be deleted at any time. This message is not meant to discourage you from editing Wikipedia but rather to remind you that the ultimate goal of this website is to build an encyclopedia. Thank you. Adam9007 (talk) 15:25, 10 July 2019 (UTC)

MfD nomination of User:Murple
User:Murple, a page which you created or substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; you may participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/User:Murple and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of User:Murple during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Adam9007 (talk) 22:55, 10 July 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Murple


text:
HMS A1

HMS A1 was the Royal Navy's first British-designed submarine, and their first to suffer fatal casualties.

She was the lead ship of the first British A-class submarine s and the only one to have a single bow torpedo tube. She was actually sunk twice: first in 1904 when she became the first submarine casualty, with the loss of all hands; however, she was recovered, but sank again in 1911, this time when she was unmanned. The wreck was discovered in 1989 and was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act in 1998. The wreck is a Protected Wreck managed by Historic England.

Design and construction
She was an enlarged and improved Holland-class submarine–40 ft longer than the Royal Navy's five "Holland"-type boats. Subsequent A-class boats were even larger and differed from her in several respects.

Like all members of her class, she was built at Vickers, Barrow-in-Furness. She was laid down on 19 February 1902 and launched on 9 July 1902.

Before she left the yard she suffered from a hydrogen explosion. Later while under tow to Portsmouth to join with the rest of the navy's submarines, seawater managed to reach her batteries, which gave off chlorine gas, forcing the evacuation of the vessel.

Casualty, recovery, loss and rediscovery

She was accidentally sunk in the Solent on 18 March 1904 whilst carrying out a practice attack on the protected cruiser HMS Juno (1895) by being struck on the starboard side of the conning tower by a mail steamer, SS Berwick Castle, which was en route from Southampton to Hamburg. She sank in only 39 ft of water, but the boat flooded and the entire crew was drowned. One consequence was that all subsequent Royal Navy submarines were equipped with a watertight hatch at the bottom of the conning tower.

She was raised on 18 April 1904 and repaired and re-entered service. Following a petrol explosion in August 1910, she was converted to a testbed for the Admiralty's Anti-Submarine Committee. She was lost a year later when running submerged but unmanned under automatic pilot. Although the position of her sinking was known at the time, all efforts to locate her were fruitless. It was not until 1989 that the wreck was discovered by a local fisherman at Bracklesham Bay, approximately 5 mi away. It is thought that she was only partially flooded when she sank, and the resulting partial buoyancy meant that the wreck moved in the strong local currents. The wreck was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act on 26 November 1998 and redesignated to extend the area covered on 5 October 2004.

title: HMS A1


text:
Pleiades (Greek mythology)

The Pleiades (Πλειάδες, ), were the seven sister-nymphs, companions of Artemis, the goddess of the hunt. Together with their sisters, the Hyades, they were called the Atlantides, Dodonides, or Nysiades, nursemaids and teachers of the infant Dionysus. The Pleiades were thought to have been translated to the night sky as a cluster of stars, the Pleiades, and were associated with rain.

Etymology
The name Pleiades ostensibly derived from the name of their mother, Pleione, effectively meaning "daughters of Pleione". However, etymologically, the name of the star-cluster likely came first, and Pleione's name indicated that she was the mother of the Pleiades. According to another suggestion Pleiades derived from πλεῖν (plein, "to sail") because of the cluster's importance in delimiting the sailing season in the Mediterranean Sea: "the season of navigation began with their heliacal rising".

Family
The Pleiades' parents were the Titan Atlas and the Oceanid Pleione born on Mount Cyllene. In some accounts, their mother was called Aethra, another Oceanid. Aside from the above mentioned sisters (the Hyades), the Pleiades' other siblings were Hyas and the nymph Calypso who was famous in the tale of Odysseus. Sometimes they were related as half-sisters to the Hesperides, nymphs of the morning star.

Names
Several of the most prominent male Olympian gods (including Zeus, Poseidon, and Ares) engaged in affairs with the seven heavenly sisters. These relationships resulted in the birth of their children.
 * 1) Maia, eldest of the seven Pleiades, was mother of Hermes by Zeus.
 * 2) Electra, mother of Dardanus and Iasion, by Zeus.
 * 3) Taygete, mother of Lacedaemon, also by Zeus.
 * 4) Alcyone, mother of Hyrieus, Hyperenor and Aethusa; Hyperes and Anthas; and Epopeus by Poseidon.
 * 5) Celaeno, mother of Lycus and Nycteus by Poseidon; and of Eurypylus and Euphemus also by Poseidon.
 * 6) Sterope, also Asterope, mother of King Oenomaus of Elis by Ares or wife of Oenomaus instead.
 * 7) Merope, youngest of the Pleiades. In other mythic contexts, she married Sisyphus and, becoming mortal, faded away. Merope bore Sisyphus several sons including Glaucus.

Mythology
After Atlas was forced to carry the heavens on his shoulders, Orion began to pursue all of the Pleiades, and Zeus transformed them first into doves, and then into stars to comfort their father. The constellation of Orion is said to still pursue them across the night sky.

One of the most memorable myths involving the Pleiades is the story of how these sisters literally became stars, their catasterism. According to some versions of the tale, all seven sisters killed themselves because they were so saddened by either the fate of their father, Atlas, or the loss of their siblings, the Hyades. In turn, Zeus, the ruler of the Greek gods, immortalized the sisters by placing them in the sky. There these seven stars formed the star cluster known thereafter as the Pleiades.

The Greek poet Hesiod mentions the Pleiades several times in his Works and Days. As the Pleiades are primarily winter stars, they feature prominently in the ancient agricultural calendar. Here is a bit of advice from Hesiod:

The Pleiades would "flee mighty Orion and plunge into the misty deep" as they set in the West, which they would begin to do just before dawn during October–November, a good time of the year to lay up your ship after the fine summer weather and "remember to work the land"; in Mediterranean agriculture autumn is the time to plough and sow.

The poet Sappho mentions the Pleiades in one of her poems:"The moon has gone The Pleiades gone In dead of night Time passes on I lie alone"The poet Lord Tennyson mentions the Pleiades in his poem "Locksley Hall":"Many a night I saw the Pleiads, rising through the mellow shade, Glitter like a swarm of fire-flies tangled in a silver braid."The loss of one of the sisters, Merope, in some myths may reflect an astronomical event wherein one of the stars in the Pleiades star cluster disappeared from view by the naked eye.

Pleiades and Orion are mentioned in the Book of Job:

Alternative version
Although most accounts are uniform as to the number, names, and main myths concerning the Pleiades, the mythological information recorded by a scholiast on Theocritus' Idylls with reference to Callimachus has nothing in common with the traditional version. According to it, the Pleiades were daughters of an Amazonian queen; their names were Maia, Coccymo, Glaucia, Protis, Parthenia, Stonychia, and Lampado. They were credited with inventing ritual dances and nighttime festivals.

title: Pleiades (Greek mythology)


text:
User:Khalid

 * I am not around all that much lately, and that is mainly because I am very busy with school. I'm looking forward to having enough time again.

title: User:Khalid


text:
Pleiades (disambiguation)

The Pleiades are an open cluster of stars in the constellation Taurus.

Pleiades may also refer to:
 * Pleiades (Greek mythology), seven sisters of Greek mythology

Geography

 * The Pleiades (volcano group), a group of volcanoes in Antarctica
 * Les Pléiades, a mountain in Switzerland

Music

 * Pléïades, a composition by Iannis Xenakis
 * "Pleiades", a 1989 song by King's X from Gretchen Goes to Nebraska

Other uses

 * Alexandrian Pleiad, Greek poets and tragedians in the 3rd century BC
 * Pleiades (arcade game), a 1981 arcade game produced by Tehkan and Centuri
 * Pleiades (magazine), an American magazine of fiction, poetry, essays, and book reviews
 * Pleiades (satellite), an Earth-observation satellite programme operated by CNES
 * Pleiades (supercomputer), a supercomputer at NASA's Ames Research Center
 * Pleiades (wine), a wine produced by Sean Thackrey
 * The Pleiades, characters in the novel series Overlord by Kugane Maruyama

title: Pleiades (disambiguation)


text:
Category:Catalan-language literature

Literature in Catalan language

title: Category:Catalan-language literature


text:
Reserve Special Commendation Ribbon

The Reserve Special Commendation Ribbon was an award of the United States Navy which was authorized for issuance between the years of 1930 and 1941. The ribbon was established by order of Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal in 1946.

The Reserve Special Commendation Ribbon was issued to any officer of the Naval Reserve who had commanded a Naval Reserve Battalion for a period exceeding four years. To be eligible for the Reserve Special Commendation Ribbon, an officer must also have served longer than ten years in the Naval Reserve as a whole.

The decoration was issued as a one-time-only award, and there were no devices authorized for additional awards of the Reserve Special Commendation Ribbon. The Reserve Special Commendation Ribbon end date was established on December 7, 1941, in light of the massive expansion and call-up of reserves for duty in World War II.

title: Reserve Special Commendation Ribbon


text:
Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Tomos Repair How-To Guides

Info on two cycle motors is rather limited. I have a Tomos. Keep it.


text:
Rationale for gifted programs

When children are young, schools begin to analyze the youngsters’ abilities and sort them into clusters based on their predicted success. The system labels the cream of the crop as gifted. Clark (2002) defines giftedness as “only a label that society gives to those who have actualized their ability to an unusually high degree or give evidence that such achievement is imminent”. The American government defines giftedness as “students, children or youth who give evidence of high performance capability in areas such as intellectual, creative, artistic, or leadership capacity, or in specific academic fields, and who require services or activities not ordinarily provided by the school in order to fully develop such capabilities” (Clark, 2002). Gifted students learn in a different manner and at an accelerated rate compared to their peers in the classroom and therefore require gifted programs to develop and apply their talents.

Gifted children need outside instruction and development opportunities to expand their minds and become most useful to society and themselves. In a list of reasons compiled in Fostering Academic Excellence, McLeod and Cropley (1989) describe the specific advantages to placing gifted children in adequate programs:
 * 1) “Gifted children are a resource”; here the need for inventive and intelligent minds who will improve the quality of life and advance in the new technological age is stated.
 * 2) “The gifted deserve special treatment corresponding to that received by the handicapped;” the gifted ought to have the same financial support that is given to other groups that are far from the “norm”.
 * 3) “Gifted children need adequate stimulation;” a debate is raised between the incentive that gifted children gain by being in an isolated class of the top five-percent and the argument that normal and slow children would benefit from being mixed in with giftedness.
 * 4) “Special provision for the gifted will prevent dropouts, underachievement and delinquency;” gifted children may lose their zest for school when kept back from learning at their own pace and may almost strive to achieve “normality” to “have a quiet life in school”. (McLeod & Cropley, 1989).

Not only is it important to give the gifted the extra push which is beneficial to society, those students’ minds also operate in a unique way and require a different style of teaching. “The intellectually adept think and learn differently from others…it is important to teach them appropriately” (Freeman et al., 1999). As Merenheimo is quoted in the Journal of Biological Education, “gifted pupils have an analytic strategy of perceiving information. The less gifted use either atomistic or serialistic strategies” (Freeman et al., 1999). Gifted children were also found to be more ambitious—both in the difficulty and effort put into the task—in their schoolwork than others their age. (Freeman et al., 1999).

Schools should bear some responsibility to nurture the talents of the gifted students in their charge. “It is clear from the evidence that excellence does not emerge without appropriate help…. To reach an exceptionally high standard in any area, potentially gifted children need the means to learn; this includes the material to work with and focused, challenging tuition, sometimes including tutoring or mentoring that is not provided in normal schools” (Freeman et al., 1999). Two methods mentioned by Freeman that schools use in the teaching of gifted children are: 1. Accelerating the learning of children, either by moving them up to an older age-group or compacting the material they have to learn, and 2. Enrichment, rounding out, and deepening the material to be learned (Freeman et al., 1999).

Classroom guidelines for teaching the gifted

 * “To be at their most effective, pupils can be helped to identify their own ways of learning, which will include strategies of planning, monitoring, evaluation, and choice of what to learn. They should also be helped to be aware of their attitudes to the area to be learned, such as curiosity, persistence, and confidence.” (Freeman et al., 1999).
 * “All the evidence indicates that specific provision within subject areas is by far the most effective in promoting talent, rather than general enrichment without identified goals.” (Freeman et al., 1999)
 * “Meaningful curriculum experiences for gifted learners need to be carefully planned, written down, implemented, and evaluated in order to maximize potential effect.” (Van Tassel-Baska, 2000)
 * Giftedness “can be furthered only by participation in learning experiences that challenge and extend from the point of the child’s talent, ability, and interest” (Clark, 2002).

Gifted students may not reach their full potential with the standards of regular classwork, which can appear to progress at a slowed rate. They may become isolated from their peers on a social level, since intellectual pursuit for the sake of itself is their primary motivation. These students may receive the desired enrichment when put among other high achievers via accelerated coursework and by allowing them to develop their own ideas and viewpoints. Programs tailored for gifted students can cultivate an environment conducive to their success.

Difficulties with socialization
A common myth concerning gifted youth in regular classrooms is that the gifted are a great asset to other students and, through their brilliance, help those of normal intelligence to become better students. According to the National Association for Gifted Children, the self-confidence of normal students is not heightened by the presence of a brilliant young mind. Conversely, historical examples of jealousy and spite toward gifted students have been noted by writers. Leonard Mlodinow recounts of Isaac Newton's school years that "being different and clearly intellectually superior brought Newton the same reaction then as it would today—the other kids hated him."

An additional concern is that gifted children who are pulled from their traditional grade level classroom for enrichment education will fail to strive in their social relationships. It has been shown, however, that students who participate in either in-class or pull-out programs that are at least mostly meeting the academic needs of the student, will tend to form strong relationships with their peers, be well-rounded students, and act an age that is appropriate for their own wellness. In fact, studies have shown that gifted students, whether lowly gifted, moderately gifted, or highly gifted “were, on a whole, socially well adjusted, and there seemed to be no relation between increased intelligence and social adjustment”. Students who are allowed to meet their academic needs, at any level, tend to be more secure and confident in their social needs and in turn form more significant relationships with their age peers. While many link a child's social growth with their academic growth and assume that one must suffer in order for the other to prosper, this has been statistically shown to not be the case.

Assessment
So now that the necessity of these gifted programs have been established, how then do schools and talent search programs identify who meet the criteria for being gifted? National Excellence: A Case for Developing America's Talent suggests that the following guidelines be used (Clark, 2002):

 * 1) Look at a variety of disciplines for outstanding students.
 * 2) Use a variety of tests and other assessment measures to find and serve students who express high levels of ability in different ways and at different ages.
 * 3) Ensure that all students have equal access to challenging learning opportunities and unbiased assessment.
 * 4) Develop assessment procedures that allow varying rates of maturity and interests.
 * 5) Seek students whose potential evidences itself in diverse and less obvious ways.
 * 6) Consider motivational factors such as interest, drive, and passion in assessing accomplishment.

There are six areas of ability which are often evaluated in order to determine whether or not a child is gifted: generic, cognitive, academic, creative, leadership, and visual and performing arts. They are measured in combinations of standardized tests, peer and teacher evaluations and nominations, and observations of the particular child. As for the legitimacy of these methods, Olszewski-Kubilius assures us that “the available research evidence suggests that these practices are valid” (Olszewski-Kubilius et al., 1998).

title: Rationale for gifted programs


text:
Talk:Motion sickness

Ginger to treat motion sickness
The article states that Ginger "is ineffective in treating motion sickness." But there are plenty of sources that say otherwise. I'm sure somebody will object, calling it a folk remedy or alternative medicine, but the evidence is very strong. Fnordware (talk) 19:35, 25 June 2019 (UTC)

If you can find legitimate, reputable, sourced information (and if “the evidence is very strong” then surely you can), then please add it with references.  PacificBoy  08:34, 5 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I definitely agree as the section seemed heavily biased towards medical treatments so I've reworded the Alternative medicine section to just state that the effectiveness of Ginger and Acupuncture against motion sickness are variable (as that term indicates it can either work or not work) and I've added two sources to support that they can be effective ( at least in some cases). Broman178 (talk) 10:22, 30 October 2021 (UTC)
 * The current "alternative medicine" section uses a combination of primary and secondary sources to imply that there is "debate" about the efficacy of ginger for treating air sickness. This is a primary source. WP:RS says not to do this. Also, I don't think New York Times is a really reliable source, per WP:MEDRS. - - Hunan201p (talk) 14:56, 23 February 2022 (UTC)
 * ... also, the University of Michigan link is about morning sickness. - Hunan201p (talk) 14:58, 23 February 2022 (UTC)

Fhh
Tyyehhe 118.179.22.14 (talk) 09:10, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Motion sickness


text: Template:Liberalism sidebar

title: Template:Liberalism sidebar


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Local government areas of Scotland (1975–1996)

The local government areas of Scotland were redefined by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and redefined again by the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994.

The 1973 Act created a system of nine two-tier regions and three islands areas, and this system completely replaced local government counties and burghs in 1975. The new regions were generally very different from the counties which had been in use since the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. Also, the districts were very different from the subdivisions of counties, also called districts, which had been in use since the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929.

Background
The reorganisation of local government in Scotland was a matter of political debate from the mid-1960s. In June 1963 the Scottish Office published a white paper titled The Modernization of Local Government in Scotland (Cmnd.2067). This proposed a large decrease in the number of local authorities in the country. There was to be a reduction from thirty-three county councils to between ten and fifteen. At the same time, new "second-tier councils" were proposed, with burghs being merged with the surrounding "landward" rural areas. The minimum population for the areas of these councils was to be 40,000. It was hoped that the reforms could be carried out quickly, with existing authorities agreeing to amalgamation and boundary alterations prior to legislation being passed. The white paper was rejected by the Association of Large Burghs, and by the Scottish Labour Party. At the 1964 general election Labour came to power, and the scheme was not pursued. Instead a royal commission under the chairmanship of Lord Wheatley was appointed in 1966 to enquire into local administration. Wheatley commented that "Our terms of reference are far-reaching: we have a free hand to recommend whatever arrangement of authorities, boundaries and functions seem likely to be right for a long time to come".

The commission's report was delivered on 25 September 1969, and recommended a two-tier system of 7 regions and 37 districts. The incoming Conservative government accepted the broad principles of the commission's report in their white paper Reform of Local Government in Scotland (Cmnd. 4583), published in February 1971. The number of regions was increased to 8, and of districts to 49. Also Orkney and Shetland were to become "most-purpose" authorities, separated from the Highland Region. Following consultation, the structure was modified. The Western Isles, which was to have formed four districts of the Highland Region, became an islands area, with the same status as Orkney and Shetland. The number of districts was to remain at 49 in number, but with considerable boundary changes. These were the areas included in the Local Government (Scotland) Bill as introduced to parliament in 1973. Considerable changes were made during the passage of the legislation. Fife, which was to have been divided between the South-East and East Regions, was to become a region on the same boundaries as the existing county. This increased the number of regions to nine. The number of districts was increased to 53, numerous boundary changes were made and regions and districts renamed.

The first elections to the new district and regional councils were held on 7 May 1974, with the councillors sitting as "shadow authorities" until 16 May 1975 when they came into their powers.

Regions
Regions had a two-tier system of local government, with each region divided into districts, varying from 3 to 19 in number.

The top tier of local government was the regional council. Services provided at the regional level were those needing greater finance or resources, or best exercised over a wide area. These included police, fire services, consumer protection, education and transport.

Each district had an elected district council. In the case of Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh and Glasgow, the districts had city status, although this did not confer any additional powers. District councils had responsibility for local services including local planning, housing, libraries and licensing.

Islands areas
The islands areas were unitary local government areas, exercising the powers of both a regional and district council.

Regions and islands areas
Scotland was subdivided into regions and islands areas as follows:

Abolition
The 1994 Act created 29 new unitary local government areas, which completely replaced the regions and districts on 1 April 1996. The islands council areas continued in use and, therefore, Scotland now has 32 council areas.


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User:Spinal83

Spinal (Spinal83 on Wikipedia) is a nickname that I, Sander de Jong, have used for many years. I used to be known on Wikipedia as ZanderZ, short for Zander Zoftware. I also use the name Ugoku but prefer to be known as Spinal on Wikipedia.

I was born and raised in Groningen in the Netherlands. I studied Chemistry at the University of Groningen and did my Bachelor and Master research in the group of Nobel Prize winner Ben Feringa. In 2010 I did an internship at Rutgers University in Piscataway/New Brunswick, New Jersey. Since 2020 I live in Eelde.

I made my first contribution to the English Wikipedia at July 9, 2004. Shortly after, I registered. I'm also registered at the Dutch Wikipedia, and Commons where I am much more active than here. I usually use the English Wikipedia to look stuff up, and the Dutch Wikipedia to write and edit articles.

Some pages I started are:
 * Anthony Herrera
 * Tactical Ops: Assault on Terror
 * Wessel van Diepen

nl:Gebruiker:Spinal83

title: User:Spinal83


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User talk:Hacktavist

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

title: User talk:Hacktavist


text:
Vladimir Nazlymov

Vladimir Aliverovich Nazlymov (born November 1, 1945) (Владимир Аливерович Назлымов) is a Soviet-born former sabre fencer, and coach for the USSR and later the United States, to which he moved in 1991. As a colonel in the Soviet Red Army, he won three team Olympic sabre gold medals, and was the head coach of the Soviet Union Military Fencing Team for 14 years. He then coached in the United States, notably for Ohio State University, from which he retired in lieu of termination during an NCAA investigation that found him guilty of aggravated level I violations, sanctioned him, and vacated a number of records of the team and its members. He now serves as a coach at the Nazlymov Fencing Foundation, which was founded by his son and daughter-in-law.

Early years
Nazlymov was born in Makhachkala, Daghestan, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. He said in an interview that when he was a child, he was "not a nice kid," and was constantly in trouble. In an interview in New York, Russian two-time Olympic sabre champion and coach Mark Rakita discussed his long-time feud with Nazlymov, his teammate at the 1968 and 1972 Olympics, stating: "As far as I'm concerned, he no longer exists!"

He graduated from the Faculty of Physical Education of the Dagestan State Pedagogical Institute in 1969 as a teacher.

Nazlymov served 25 years in the Soviet Red Army, where he was a colonel. He was in a special regimen where he was able to fence with the CSKA Moscow Central Army Sports Club team in Moscow, a department of the Russian Defense Ministry.

Competitive years; Olympics and awards

Nazlymov began fencing in Makhachkala. Competing for the Soviet Union, he was a three-time Olympic team gold medalist (1968, 1976, 1980), team silver medalist (1972), and individual silver and bronze medalist (1976, 1972). In addition, he was an 8-time team world champion, and twice won the individual world championship (1975, 1979). He was a world championship silver medalist in 1977, and bronze medalist in 1970 and 1973. In the 1970s, he was the USSR individual sabre champion six times. The Soviet Union awarded him the title of Master of the Sport of the USSR (fencing) in 1968. He twice was named the world's best sabre fencer by the International Fencing Federation (FIE; 1975, 1977). Nazlymov also was awarded two civilian medals by the Soviet Union (Medal "For Labour Valour", Medal "For Distinguished Labour").

Coaching career in the USSR
Nazlymov's coaching career began in Moscow as the head coach of the Soviet Union Military Fencing Team from 1976 to 1990. He said the team had the best facilities, as "Army is army. They have everything." The Central Army Sports Club (ЦСКА) in Moscow was a Soviet training facility. From 1970 to 1980, Nazlymov served as the captain of the fencing team of the Soviet Union at the Olympics. His students won two Olympic gold medals and 12 world championships, as well as eight European Championship crowns. From 1986 to 1988, Nazlymov served as the head coach of the Soviet National Fencing Team. The USSR won a gold medal at the 1986 World Championships and silver medals at the 1987 Worlds and 1988 Olympics.

Move to USA
Nazlymov moved to the United States with his family in 1991. Years later, commenting on his allegiance to Russia, he said: "I didn’t even change my passport. I lived in the States for many years, but never left Russia." From 1991 to 1999 he was a fencing coach at Central High School, an inner-city high school in Kansas City, Missouri. He captained the USA team at the World Championships from 1995 to 1997 and at the 1995 and 1997 World University Games. Nazlymov also served as the sabre coach for the U.S. National Team from 1994 to 1999. Nazlymov guided US teams to a ninth-place finish at the 1996 Olympics, third place at the 1997 Junior World Championships, and 12th place at the Senior World Championships. He was named a coach for the US 1999 Pan American Games and 1999 Senior World Championships teams. His US Junior Team finished in second place in the overall medal count at the Junior Worlds in 2001. In 1999, he was named Coach of the Year by the United States Fencing Association. In 2019, Nazlymov became the sabre coach of the Uzbekistan national fencing team.

NCAAs; Ohio State University fencing coach
In the end of 1999, Nazlymov was hired by Ohio State University (OSU), after spending eight years as the fencing coach for the Kansas City, Missouri School District and establishing a private club in the Kansas City area (KCFC). In the 2003–04 and 2007-08 seasons, Nazlymov guided Ohio State Buckeyes to the NCAA Fencing Championship, and produced a number of individual NCAA champions (Adam Crompton, Boaz Ellis, Andras Horanyi). Two of his students, Jason Rogers and Louise Bond-Williams, qualified for the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, and OSU fencing team member Siobhan Byrne participated in 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. At OSU as of 2005, Nazlymov's fencers had a combined record of 292-148 (.614), but after a subsequent NCAA investigation many of his later wins were vacated by the NCAA. In 2015-16, he was paid $223,693 for coaching at OSU. He retired from coaching at OSU in Spring 2018.

NCAA investigation and sanctions
While Nazlymov had retired in 2018, in 2020 his departure was revised from "retired" to “retired in lieu of termination.” That year, as the NCAA was investigating the OSU fencing program for infractions, OSU self-imposed a 2020-21 postseason ban for its fencing program.

In April 2022, the NCAA Division I Committee on Infractions panel, upon the conclusion of an investigation, found that Nazlymov had violated NCAA head coach responsibility rules, and was guilty of aggravated level I violations. Further, he violated ethical conduct rules, by ignoring several requests that had been made to him to cooperate with the NCAA investigation. The panel found that: "'The head fencing coach violated fundamental, well-known bylaws. Worse, the head fencing coach received relevant education on the exact areas of the violations as they were occurring, but continued to commit the same violations and, in some circumstances, concealed them from compliance staff.'" The NCAA said Nazlymov arranged, provided, or directed other coaches to give more than $6,000 in recruiting inducements to three fencers, primarily by giving them free access to the OSU fencing facility. Two of the prospects also received free meals and free private lessons from Nazylmov, which allowed OSU coaches to observe the fencers, and constituted impermissible tryouts, and received other inducements. It also found that under Nazlymov’s direction, in addition 18 student fencers also received impermissible benefits worth over $8,000 in the form of free access to his local fencing club, resulting in them competing while ineligible.

The NCAA sanctioned Nazlymov with a 10-year show-cause order. He was restricted from any athletically related duties by any NCAA school hiring him, unless that school could demonstrate why such restriction should not apply. If Nazlymov is hired after his show cause order ends, he will be suspended from 100% of his first season of employment.

The NCAA also meted out additional punishments to the school athletic department and fencing program. The Ohio State fencing team was placed on four years of probation for NCAA violations committed between 2015-19. In addition, the OSU athletic department was fined, and the OSU fencing program budget was reduced by 3%. The fencing program scholarship program was reduced by 10% for the 2022-23 academic year. Team wins and championships, and individual records for affected fencers, were vacated, including the 2016 and 2017 second-place finishes and a 2018 third-place finish in the NCAAs for the fencing team, and Midwest Fencing Conference championships in 2016, 2017, and 2018.

Officiating
Nazlymov officiated sabre fencing at the 1988 Olympic Games. He was also a referee at the World Championships from 1981 to 1990.

Progeny
Nazlymov's son, Vitali, began fencing with the CSKA Moscow Central Army Sports Club. Vitali was bronze medalist in the USSR youth and junior nationals as well as a champion for the USSR of the Military Games. After moving to United States, Vitali attended Penn State University and won the 1991 individual NCAA saber championship.

His granddaughter Tatiana Nazlymov trains in saber at the Nazlymov Fencing Foundation founded by her father (Vitali) and mother, where Vladimir also coaches, with Fikrat Valiyev as her primary coach. In December 2023, Phil Andrews, the CEO of USA Fencing, wrote to the International Fencing Federation that there was “likely to be improper officiating” of bouts involving Tatiana Nazlymov, and that video evidence indicated that calls made by two referees in bouts involving her demonstrated “a likely favoritism” toward her; in addition, in a letter to Tatiana that month he informed her that "we are aware of this alleged manipulation of the sport." Her mother, Vladimir's daughter-in-law, wrote that "Tatiana is absolutely innocent and the cheating/matchfixing accusation is ridiculous." Vitali Nazlymov said that he himself behaved according to the rules, but that “fencing is a small world and conflicts exist everywhere.” Tatiana has qualified for Team USA in the 2024 Olympics.

Clubs
Nazlymov owned a club in Columbus, Ohio, called the Fencing Alliance of Ohio. The club disbanded in 2018.

In 2016 in Russia, an order was given in the Republic of Dagestan, Makhachkala, by region Governor Ramazan Abdulatipov to create a fencing school named after Nazlymov.

In 2018 his son Vitali and daughter-in-law established Nazlymov Fencing Foundation in Bethesda, Maryland. He joined it that year as a coach after leaving Ohio State University, joining coach and referee Fikrat Valiyev and coach and former Russian national team member Alex Filatov, along with his son who is also a coach and referee. His son is the principal officer. Most of its fencers are saber fencers.

Writing
Nazlymov wrote the foreword to Foil, Saber, and Épée Fencing: Skills, Safety, Operations, and Responsibilities (1994) by Maxwell R. Garret, Guglielmo Pezza, and Emmanuil G. Kaidanov.

title: Vladimir Nazlymov


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Al-Kamil

Al-Kamil (الكامل; full name: al-Malik al-Kamil Naser ad-Din Abu al-Ma'ali Muhammad; c. 1177 – 6 March 1238) was a Kurdish Muslim ruler and the fourth Ayyubid sultan of Egypt. During his tenure as sultan, the Ayyubids defeated the Fifth Crusade. He was known to the Frankish crusaders as Meledin, a name by which he is still referred to in some older western sources. As a result of the Sixth Crusade, he ceded West Jerusalem to the Christians and is known to have met with Saint Francis.

Jazira campaign
Al-Kamil was the son of sultan al-Adil ("Saphadin"), a brother of Saladin. Al-Kamil's father was laying siege to the city of Mardin (in modern-day Turkey) in 1199 when he was called away urgently to deal with a security threat in Damascus. Al-Adil left al-Kamil to command the forces around Mardin continuing the siege. Taking advantage of the Sultan's absence, the combined forces of Mosul, Sinjar and Jazirat ibn Umar appeared at Mardin when it was on the point of surrender, and drew Al-Kamil into battle. He was badly defeated and retreated to Mayyafariqin. However dissent and weakness among his opponents meant that Al-Kamil was able to secure Ayyubid rule in the Jazira Region by taking Harran (in modern-day Turkey).

Viceroy of Egypt
In 1200, after proclaiming himself Sultan, Al-Adil invited Al-Kamil to come from the Eastern Territories to join him in Egypt as his viceroy (na'ib) in that country. Al-Adil's second son, Al-Mu'azzam Isa, had already been made prince of Damascus in 1198. It appears that Al-Adil allowed Al-Kamil a fairly high degree of authority, since he oversaw much of the work on the Cairo Citadel, issued decrees in his own name, and even managed to persuade his father to dismiss the powerful minister Ibn Shukr. Al-Kamil remained viceroy until his father's death in 1218 when he became Sultan himself.

The Fifth Crusade
When Al-Adid died on 31 August 1218, the Ayyubid domains were divided into three parts, with Al-Kamil ruling Egypt, his brother Al-Muazzam Isa ruling in Palestine and Transjordan, and a third brother, Al-Ashraf Musa in Syria and the Jazira. Nominally the other two recognised Al-Kamil's supremacy as Sultan. Unusually for an Ayyubid succession, there was no obvious dissent or rivalry between the brothers at this point, partly because just before Al-Adil's death, Egypt had been attacked by the forces of the Fifth Crusade.

Al-Kamil took command of the forces which defended Damietta against the Crusaders. In 1219 he was almost overthrown by a conspiracy led by the amir Imad ad-Din ibn al-Mashtub, commander of the Hakkari Kurdish regiment, to replace him with his younger and more pliant brother al-Faiz Ibrahim. Alerted to the conspiracy, Al-Kamil had to flee the camp to safety and in the ensuing confusion the Crusaders were able to tighten their grip on Damietta. Al-Kamil considered fleeing to Yemen, which was ruled by his son al-Mas'ud Yusuf, but the timely arrival of his brother Al-Muazzam from Syria with reinforcements brought the conspiracy to a swift end.

Al-Kamil made many offers of peace to the Crusaders, all of which were rejected, due to the influence of the papal legate Pelagius. He offered to return Jerusalem and rebuild its walls (which his brother had torn down earlier in the year), and to return the True Cross (which he probably did not have). At one point he even met with Francis of Assisi, who had accompanied the crusade. Their meeting became a subject for painters like Giotto, Taddeo di Bartolo and Taddeo Gaddi. Due to famine and disease after the Nile failed to flood, al-Kamil could not defend Damietta and it was captured in November 1219. The sultan withdrew to al-Mansourah, a fortress further up the Nile. After this there was little action until 1221, when al-Kamil offered peace again, proposing to surrender the entire territory of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, except Transjordan, in return for the Crusaders evacuating Egypt but was again refused. The Crusaders marched out towards Cairo, but al-Kamil simply opened the dams and allowed the Nile to flood, and finally the Crusaders accepted an eight-year peace. He retook Damietta in September.

Power struggle and the treaty of 1229
In the following years there was a power struggle with his brother al-Mu'azzam, and al-Kamil was willing to accept a peace with emperor and King of Sicily Frederick II, who was planning the Sixth Crusade. Al-Mu'azzam died in 1227, eliminating the need for a peace, but Frederick had already arrived in Palestine. After al-Mu'azzam's death, al-Kamil and his other brother al-Ashraf negotiated a treaty, giving all of Palestine (including Transjordan) to al-Kamil and Syria to al-Ashraf. In February 1229 al-Kamil negotiated the Treaty of Jaffa, a ten-year peace with Frederick II and returned Jerusalem and other holy sites to the Crusader kingdom.

The treaty of 1229 is unique in the history of the Crusades. By diplomacy alone and without major military confrontation, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and a corridor running to the sea were ceded to the kingdom of Jerusalem. Exception was made for the Temple area, the Dome of the Rock, and the Aqsa Mosque, which the Muslims retained. Moreover, all current Muslim residents of the city would retain their homes and property. They would also have their own city officials to administer a separate justice system and safeguard their religious interests. The walls of Jerusalem, which had been destroyed, were rebuilt, and the peace was to last for 10 years.

After the treat with Frederick, al-Kamil turned his attention to Damascus. He sent al-Ashraf to begin operations against the city. He arrived to pen the siege of Damascus on 6 May. After almost two months of intense fighting, the city surrendered on 25 June. It was given to al-Ashraf, while al-Muazzam's son, an-Nasir Dawud, had to settle for Transjordan.

Later years
Although there was peace with the Crusaders, al-Kamil had to contend with the Seljuks and the Khwarezmians before he died in 1238.

His sons as-Salih Ayyub and al-Adil II succeeded him in Syria and Egypt respectively, but the Ayyubid empire soon descended into civil war. In 1239 the treaty with Frederick expired, and Jerusalem came under Ayyubid control.

Personality
Al-Kamil exemplified the Islamic laws of war. For example, after al-Kamil defeated the Fifth Crusade, Oliver of Paderborn praised and commented on how al-Kamil supplied the defeated Frankish army with food:

title: Al-Kamil


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HMS A2

HMS A2 was an A-class submarine (1903) submarine built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

Design and description
A2 was a member of the first British class of submarines, although slightly larger, faster and more heavily armed than the lead ship, HMS A1. The submarine had a length of 105 ft overall, a beam of 12 ft and a mean draft of 10 ft. They displaced 190 LT on the surface and 206 LT submerged. The A-class submarines had a crew of 2 officers and 9 ratings.

For surface running, the boats were powered by a single 16-cylinder 450 bhp Wolseley petrol engine that drove one propeller shaft. When submerged the propeller was driven by a 150 hp electric motor. They could reach 10 kn on the surface and 7 kn underwater. On the surface, A2 had a range of 320 nmi at 10 kn; submerged the boat had a range of 30 nmi at 5 kn.

The boats were armed with two 18-inch (45 cm) torpedo tubes in the bow. They could carry a pair of reload torpedoes, but generally did not as in doing so they had to compensate for their weight by an equivalent weight of fuel.

Construction and career
Like all boats in her class, she was built at Vickers, Barrow-in-Furness. Construction started in 1902 and the submarine was launched on 15 April 1903 and completed on 26 March 1904. During World War I, A2 served on harbour service at Portsmouth. She flooded after running aground in Bomb Ketch Lake in Portsmouth Harbour in January 1920 and was sold for scrap to H. G. Pound of Portsmouth on 22 October 1925.

title: HMS A2


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User:Epugh

User Epugh
is a graduate student specializing in eighteenth-century English literature, with a special emphasis on theater studies and the history of the book.

title: User:Epugh