text:
Talk:Charmed

Starring sections
Since there's been a lot of edit warring recently to the starring sections in the Charmed, Charmed (season 4), Charmed (season 5), Charmed (season 6), Charmed (season 7) and Charmed (season 8) articles, we should discuss this first to reach a consensus. I think the names should be listed in order of the most episodes each lead character has appeared in – Holly Marie Combs (179 episodes), Alyssa Milano (178 episodes), Rose McGowan (112 episodes), Shannen Doherty (67 episodes). Holly should be first because she's the only cast member who has appeared in every episode of Charmed including the unaired pilot. Who agrees? Please voice your opinion. No one should make changes to the starring sections until we have reached a consensus. Lesahna01 (talk) 22:48, 18 May 2014 (UTC)

I agree completely — Preceding unsigned comment added by Alex Visekruna (talk • contribs) 17:20, 19 May 2014 (UTC)

I agree too. Rose came in season 4. It's ridiculous to put her first. 114.77.243.106 (talk) 23:29, 9 June 2014 (UTC)

I disagree because Alyssa Milano was listed first in the opening credits for five seasons; her name should come first in the starring section. 63.146.79.153 (talk) 12:18, 26 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Well, it has already been agreed above that Holly should be first so please stop changing it. There is no rule saying the order in the starring section is based on who appears first in the opening credits. Alyssa came into Charmed as a replacement for Lori Rom. It wouldn't be right to put her first because Holly has been part of the show from the very beginning. And since one of the lead actresses (Shannen) left the show after season 3, I think the right thing to do is to list their names in order of the most episodes they appeared in. Lesahna01 (talk) 23:26, 27 January 2015 (UTC)
 * It has not already been agreed. Only three people added their input, and I disagreed, so there's no consensus. 63.146.79.153 (talk) 01:08, 28 January 2015 (UTC)
 * 3 against 1. Consensus already reached. Lesahna01 (talk) 23:58, 6 August 2015 (UTC)

I've removed the closing tag on this discussion as it was used improperly. Per the instructions, the archive template "should only be used by uninvolved editors or administrators in conjunction with the talk page guidelines and relevant advice at refactoring. It should not be used by involved parties to end a discussion over the objections of other editors." Please also note that consensus is not a vote and consensus can change (cf. WP:OWN). Thanks! Rebb ing   14:17, 23 March 2016 (UTC)

Since this is still open for discussion I disagree completely. It does not matter how many episodes each individual actor has been in. They are credited by the producers of the show and that should be reflected by the article. Manual of Style for Television states that for a parent article that the starring section is to be organized by broadcast credit order, with new main cast added to the end of the list. Favouring specific actors to be near the top of the list when they weren't in the show for some time is ridiculous and is favourism. Brocicle (talk) 17:09, 23 March 2016 (UTC)

 * The specific section is . Aside from wishing to see the edit wars over this cease, I have no strong feelings on this matter, but I believe Brocicle raises a good point. Note that the guideline covers cast and characters sections in text, not infobox listings, but I think its reasoning applies equally to both, and I see no reason why we shouldn't follow the guideline's reasoning here.  Rebb  ing   17:28, 23 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Uh, why was Karis Paige Bryant have article coloring or something like that, if she doesn't even have an article? Roif456 (talk) 12:52, 29 March 2017 (UTC)

Composer credits
To whom it may concern: Jay Gruska is listed as being the composer on Charmed for seasons 2 through 8. This is incorrect. He started on the 4th episode of season 1 and was on the series from then until the end. Thank you — Preceding unsigned comment added by 23.241.73.160 (talk) 00:52, 15 October 2015 (UTC)

 * That seems confirmed by Gruska being named as the winner of the 1999 ASCAP award in April 1999 ; by then season 1 wasn't over yet. Huon (talk) 01:56, 24 November 2015 (UTC)

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External links modified
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External links modified
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Anyone more familiar with the series than I care to add it to this list?
Types of mythological or fantastic beings in contemporary fiction is a page of, well, fantasy works (movie, TV, written, whatever) and the assorted mythological and/or fantastic critters they contain. This series would likely qualify. Anyone care to add it? Tamtrible (talk) 00:19, 11 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Feel free to add it yourself, as well as all the other ones you have made requests to add. -- ‖ Ebyabe talk - Union of Opposites  ‖ 00:41, 11 September 2017 (UTC)

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Mermaid
Adding this here in case for future use. Mermaid wasn't really going to be a Charmed spin off so I feel it doesn't need to be included in the main article. Mermaid just had the same executive producers as Charmed. Lesahna01 (talk) 18:39, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

Mermaid
In February 2005, it was announced that Brad Kern, Aaron Spelling and E. Duke Vincent had executive produced a one-hour pilot episode for The WB's 2005–06 season. The pilot was written by Kern about a mermaid who attempts to live on dry land in Miami. As work progressed on Charmed's fifth season double-episode premiere, "A Witch's Tail," the theme of mermaids was recognized to have potential for its own series, even though the episode was never meant to be a backdoor pilot for a television spin-off. The series plot was going to be centered on a mermaid named Nikki, who is rescued by a young man when she washes ashore in Miami. Her savior, Matt Johnson, is initially in utter disbelief of Nikki's supernatural nature, until it is proven true. The mermaids originated from a sunken city and had supernatural abilities, including superhuman strength and agility, as well as being able to see in the dark, read emotions and had a connection with other sea creatures. However, another race of creatures were hunting for Nikki.

During the casting process, Kern "looked in London and New York and New Zealand, Hollywood, Florida, Melbourne and Sydney" and, after interviewing around 300 people, discovered "a fresh new face" in Australian actress Nathalie Kelley, who played the lead role of Nikki. Geoff Stults was then cast as Matt and Brandon Quinn was cast as Matt's "goofy best friend." Additionally cast in main roles were Roger Daltrey, Ana Ortiz and Beatrice Rosen. The pilot was not picked up by The WB. Speaking on the failure of the series to be picked up, Kern revealed that CBS and Paramount Television "decided at the last second to cut the budget in half," which resulted in the number of shooting days to be reduced, thus decreasing the quality of the pilot in being able to "'sell' the concept." Quinn later went on to play Homeland Security Agent Murphy in Charmed's eighth season. Rosen also starred in Charmed's eighth season as Maya Holmes, an innocent whose image Piper inadvertently uses as her false identity Jenny Bennett. Lesahna01 (talk) 18:39, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

Charmed was the second-longest drama broadcast by The WB, behind the 10 seasons and 221 episodes The WB aired of 7th Heaven
7th Heaven actually lasted 11 seasons. Do the episodes aired on WB's successor CW not count for the record books? This seems pretty odd to me, since WB and CW shared the same employees, same producers, same owners.

It's also worth noting another WB show called Smallville had more episodes than Charmed (217 vs. 178) putting SV in the second most-successful show to come from WB. Theaveng (talk) 12:40, 12 June 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:37, 9 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Holly Marie Combs, July 2012.jpg

Charmed was never the longest running series with all female leads
One Day at a Time (1975), which ran for nine seasons and 208 episodes says "Hello." 2603:9000:8D07:AAB0:CC:A6BA:A327:A324 (talk) 18:33, 3 August 2021 (UTC)

Lots of useless links
A lot of the links on this article just redirect back to the article.Collinanderson (talk) 22:06, 17 August 2021 (UTC)

Pan & Scan
Your use of "pan & scan" is incorrect. Pan & scan is used to "convert" widescreen to full-screen, not the other way around. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.241.240.42 (talk) 04:09, 4 February 2023 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Charmed
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Charmed's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "auto": From New York City:  From French language:  From The Guardian:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. Feel free to remove this comment after fixing the refs. AnomieBOT ⚡ 13:41, 28 April 2023 (UTC)
 * , ignoring the bot above's poor guesses, you do need to please fill in the actual source you meant to cite with your ref named "auto". If you could also fix the present tense in that paragraph to past tense that would be great. -- Fyrael (talk) 21:15, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

"Saphire Halliwell" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saphire_Halliwell&redirect=no Saphire Halliwell] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. -- 64.229.90.172 (talk) 02:43, 23 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charmed


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dikommatismos

This is nothing but the translation of the Greek word for "two-party system" or perhaps "two-party rule". "Dikommatismos" would belong in an Greek-English dictionary, but not in Wikipedia, or we'd have to have articles for every translation of the same term.... Aris Katsaris 18:42, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. While it might be searched for, I would recommnend it be moved to the sister dictionary project. Anyone searching Wikipedia would be able to find it there. Kaelus 06:56, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - Wikipedia is not a translation dictionary. -- Cyrius|✎ 05:14, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
XTERRA Triathlon

XTERRA is a series of cross triathlon races, i.e. three-sport races which include swimming, mountain biking, and trail running. The XTERRA Global Tour is owned and produced by XTERRA Sports Limited. The XTERRA race series is the best-known series of cross triathlons, and is considered by most to be the de facto world championship of the sport.

It began in 1996 on the Hawaiian island of Maui as the Aquaterra, and was later renamed the XTERRA. Japanese automaker Nissan licensed the name from the triathlon series for their own 1999-2015 sport utility vehicle — and was the race series' primary sponsor from 1998 to 2006, when the two companies parted ways.

Organization
The XTERRA has two primary divisions, professional and "age-groupers". In the professional division athletes compete for cash prizes and sponsorships. The age-group division was created for those who still want to compete but have no aspirations to become professional athletes. Both divisions compete in a points series, where athletes accumulate points by placing in the top fifteen positions of any race in which they compete.

Several events known as XTERRA Championships Series offer more points due to their larger draws. In the United States, there are championships for each region of the country. These venues also offer a "sport" version of the race where contestants complete races that are typically half the distance of the full version.

Race format
As an off-road race, the distances can vary widely depending on the terrain available. The target distances are as follows:

 * Championship/pro: 1.5 km swim, 30 km mountain biking, 11 km trail run
 * Sport:	500 m swim, 15 km mountain biking, 5 km trail Run

The largest difference between the XTERRA race and a regular Triathlon is in the biking section. Though less than the standard 40k distance (in a regular Triathlon), XTERRA has steeper, more aggressive inclines for a shorter distance, usually between 27-30k, over rough terrain.

In the United States the sport distances are often used as miles yielding a 1/2 mile (805 m) swim, 15 mile (24 km) mountain bike, and a 5-mile (8-km) trail run.

title: XTERRA Triathlon


text: User talk:213.42.2.21

title: User talk:213.42.2.21


text:
PRL

PRL may refer to:

Places

 * Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa), 1952–1989
 * Punggol Regional Library, an upcoming regional library in Punggol, Singapore

Business and enterprises

 * Pakistan Refinery Limited, a refinery in Karachi
 * Penn Eastern Rail Lines, reporting mark

Computing and technology

 * Preferred Roaming List, in CDMA phones
 * Proportional reduction in loss, a measure of reliability
 * Protocol-relative link, URLs which do not specify a protocol

Political parties

 * Liberal Reformist Party (Dominican Republic)
 * Parti Réformateur Libéral, a former political party in Belgium
 * Party of the Radical Left (Partija radikalne levice), a political party in Serbia
 * Republican Party of Liberty, a conservative political party in France, 1945–1951

Other organisations

 * Premiership Rugby Limited, the organising body of Premiership Rugby

Science and healthcare

 * Physical Research Laboratory, India
 * Physical Review Letters, a scientific journal
 * PRL-8-53, Nootropic research chemical
 * Prolactin, a hormone

Other

 * Parramatta Rail Link, a formerly proposed railway project in Sydney, Australia

title: PRL


text:
Talk:Computation tree logic

Examples (again)
In the example it is not clear where to put the parentheses: is it EF(EG p => AF r) or is it (EF EG p) => AF r? Both are possible and I'm going to edit the section to match the first variant. This variant has the advantage that it truly is a formula according to the grammar given. The other is not as the implication formally needs parentheses. Xlae (talk) 16:39, 27 August 2014 (UTC)

Examples
Hi, I have a question about the examples. Are they supposed to be pure CTL, or CTL*? Because the last 2 are actually CTL* formulas. In order for them to be CTL, until operator needs to be path-quantified also.

Cheers,

-- Krle — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.87.39.27 (talk) 12:35, 4 November 2012 (UTC)

 * You are right, I've just noticed it too. I'm going to edit the section and add a note that those two are CTL*. 62.245.100.121 (talk) 12:38, 10 January 2013 (UTC)

Reorder the Page?
As written currently, the page defines the syntax before giving the interpretation of the operators, which is awkward if you haven't seen CTL before. If there are no objections, I'll swap the two sections and touch up the text (if necessary).

-- Gilbert (sorry I don't have a wikipedia account) 23 June 2009

Names?

 * Does anybody know the full name for CTL*?
 * And by the way, I'm not sure if the correct name is "Computational tree logic" or "Computation tree logic". I've seen both. Which is the (more) correct one?

--[[User:Gedeon|Ged (talk)]] 18:45, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

As far As I know CTL is the "Computation tree logic", while CTL* is commonly referred as "Full Computation tree logic" or "Full Branching time logic"

CTL = 'Computation Tree Logic' not Computational Tree Logic!

You can look it up in the paper cited in the article (Clarke, E. M., Emerson, E. A., and Sistla, A. P. (1986). "Automatic verification of finite-state concurrent systems using temporal logic specifications". ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 8 (2): 244–26), but also in lots of other articles using CTL. In fact I came across this when I noticed someone using 'Computational Tree Logic' - I am a little suspicious that in fact Wikipedia itself is spreading this! Think about it: it is a logic that follows the tree of a computation - that's where the name comes from. It's a not a logic of 'Computational Tres' (as such a thing does not exist to the the best of my knowledge(, and it is also not a computational version of some 'tree logic'.

So is there a quick way to update Wikipedia so that this page is called 'Computation Tree Logic'? I will change it on the page myself.

Cweise (talk) 12:37, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

State & path operators
I just came up with the terms "state operators" and "path operators" myself. If there is another "official" name for those or someone find something better, please edit... --[[User:Gedeon|Ged (talk)]] 02:00, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Move
It's easier to explain what CTL* is and then say CTL is the subset where every temporal operator must be preceeded by a path quantifier. Ripper234
 * Should there be only one page describing CTL, LTL, CTL* (unsure about the name though)?
 * Should the article on CTL* parctically duplicate the definitions used here? (My answer: NO)

state/path operators
There are no state/path operators. There are temporal operators, temporal quantifiers (could be considered as operators also, I don't know), and state and path formulas. I corrected it in the article.

I Always forget to sign :((( Ripper234 17:06, 2 April 2006 (UTC)

This is CTL*
This description of CTL is wrong. Though the given examples are valid CTL-Formulas, the description doesn't distinct between CTL and CTL* -- Neatlittleeraser 13:12, 6 July 2006 (UTC)

I agree, the description of the syntax is a bit confusing. The main different between CTL and CTL* is that in CTL it is not possible to nest temporal operator using classical connectives.

What about something like :

-- $CTL^*$ is an extension of the language for propositional logic with temporal connectives. In particular we consider countably many propositional variables $AP$ and the connectives $\lnot, \land, A, E, X, {\cal U}$. The ``Before'' modality is defined as the dual of ``Until''. The ``Generally'' modality and ``Sometimes'' modality are defined, respectively, as ${\cal G} \varphi := (\bot \; {\cal B} \; \varphi)$ and ${\cal F} \varphi := (\top \; {\cal U} \; \varphi)$. Abbreviations $\lor$, $\rightarrow$, $\leftrightarrow$ are defined in the usual way.

The class of state formulae (formulae that are true or false when evaluated in a state) and the class of path formulae (true or false of paths) are defined as:

 * State Formulae:
 * S1 each atomic proposition is a state formula
 * S2 if $p,q$ are state formulae then so are $p \land q$ and $\lnot q$
 * S3 if $p$ is a path formula then $E p$ and $A p$ are state formulae
 * Path Formulae:
 * P1 each state formula is also a path formula
 * P2 if $p,q$ are path formulae then so are $p \land q$ and $\lnot q$
 * P3 if $p,q$ are path formulae then so are $X p$ and $p {\cal U} q$

The minimal set satisfying the rules S1-3 and P1-3 forms the language $CTL^*$. The syntax of the logic $CTL$ is obtained by restricting the syntax to disallow boolean combinations and nesting of linear time operators. Formally, the $CTL$ syntax is obtained by replacing P1-3 with
 * P0 if $p,q$ are path formulae the so are $X p$ and $p {\cal U} q$

Software for constructing/modeling a tree?
Is there any software out there to make trees like this, at any level of implementation?

I'm interested in taking the wiki source code and extending it to be able to make trees like this, using the group editing model of wiki.

My intention is to model the known information surrounding some topic of controversy, so as to better relate it and visualize it (and even perform operations on it) versus a flat representation or outline-form like wikipedia. This could integrate multiple viewpoints and remove bias in information presentation.

Anyone who would wants to help with this please send me a comment!

-Aaron

GF.p and CTL
GF.p is expressible in CTL. It's equivalent to AG.AF.p.

Here's a proof: Assume a model M and start state s satisfying GF.p Then take any computation path π out of s. Consider any state si on this path. And consider any path π' out of si π' is not necessarily a sub-path of π, but, since si is by construction reachable from s, π' is a sub-path of some path out of s. Since GF.p holds for all paths out of s, we have F.p holds for the sub-path π'. Thus we have F.p holds for any path out of si. Thus, si satisfies AF.p Thus we have AF.p for any state on path π. Thus. π satisfies G.AF.p. Thus we have G.AF.p for all paths out of s. Thus, s satisfies AG.AF.p.

So GF.p→AG.AF.p

Next assume a model M and start state s satisfying AG.AF.p. Take any path π out of s. Consider any state si on this path. Since we have AG.AF.p, π satisfies G.AF.p, so si satisfies AF.p, so the subpath π' of π beginning at si satisfies F.p. si was arbitrary, so all subpaths of π satisfy F.p. So π satisfies GF.p π was arbitrary, so s satisfies GF.p.

So AG.AF.p→GF.p

So they're equivalent. GF.p is expressible in CTL.

I've changed it to FG.p. This actually isn't expressible in CTL.

Now, I think the original erroneous example was a mis-copy of an example in Huth and Ryan. The example Huth and Ryan actually uses is GF.p→GF.q. Since I think this is what the original editor intended, perhaps this should be used in place of FG.p. I don't think it really matters.

On the subject of Huth and Ryan though, if you're using it as reference, the examples seem to imply that FG.p is expressible as AF.AG.p, but this is not true. Consider the system of three states, with transitions

1→1, 1→2, 2→3, 3→3

where p is true in states 1 and 3, but not in state 2. I assume 1 as start state.

On all paths, there is some state after which p is always true, so FG.p holds. However, there is a path, specifically 1→1→1→1→1→…, on which no state satisfies AG.p (even though this path does satisfy G.p) since at state 1 we always have the possible path 1→2→3→3→…, which does not satisfy G.p. Thus the model does not satisfy AF.AG.p. Huth and Ryan's examples for FG.p and AF.AG.p seem equivalent because it uses deadlock as p, and deadlock states tend to always satisfy AG.deadlock. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 18.243.5.80 (talk) 08:42, 2 May 2007 (UTC).

Sorry this paragraph is plain wrong, GF p is fairness. "start state s satisfying GF.p" => no, GF p is true or false of infinite traces, not of states. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.64.148.250 (talk) 20:03, 29 January 2016 (UTC)

No derivation for weak until
There is no derivation of the weak until operators from the minimal set of operators. --Marco Bakera 05:48, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

There are A[$$\phi$$W$$\psi$$] == A[$$\phi$$U$$\psi$$] $$\or$$ AG($$\phi$$) and E[$$\phi$$W$$\psi$$] == E[$$\phi$$U$$\psi$$] $$\or$$ EG($$\phi$$) . Maybe they are not obvious for beginners, should they be put on the main page? 192.93.2.32 (talk) 13:24, 11 May 2010 (UTC)

Inconsistent use of N/X
The "state operators" definition says

N φ - Next: φ has to hold at the next state (this operator is sometimes noted X instead of N).

But below, only X is used. I'll exchange N and X in the definition (less work ;)). If anyone objects, just change every X to N below.

132.231.54.1 16:20, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

Notation
I've changed the article to using $$\Rightarrow$$ over $$\rightarrow$$ for logical implication to distinguish this from the notation used to represent the state transition function. This could equally be the other way round, so long as they're distinct, but it appears standard in the literature to use them this way. --Someguy137 10:22, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Somebody has turned it back at the definition (but not in the rest of the article), so I fixed it again to at least be consistent. However, I think this article should use $$\rightarrow$$, since this is the notation used in all other logic articles (LTL etc.). Logical $$\rightarrow$$ is syntax, and state transition is at the meta level, so I don't think they will be confused. 220.157.232.180 (talk) 00:14, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Lecture slides
The notation used in the slides linked is really bad. It's very unconventional. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.194.191.26 (talk) 01:21, 13 February 2009 (UTC)

Merge from CTL*
Currently there isn't anything useful at CTL* - I suggest turning it into a redirect. Ripper234 (talk) 23:35, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

transformation of EFφ

 * F is define as "F φ - Finally: φ eventually has to hold (somewhere on the subsequent path)."
 * U is define as "φ U ψ - Until: φ has to hold until at some position ψ holds. This implies that ψ will be verified in the future."
 * and it is said that : " Fφ == [trueU(φ)] "

but Fφ doesn't impose that φ have to be verified unlike [trueU(φ)] which implies that φ will be verified.

Where is the bug? does Fφ means that φ has to hold (not eventually)? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 152.77.200.242 (talk) 13:20, 6 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Ok, from your IP you are French, but i know the same problem from German, too. Eventually in English does not translate to "éventuel" (or "eventuell" in German), but more "enfin" (fr)/"schließlich" (de). So, "eventually φ" means that at some point φ will hold (although it's not important at which point exactly), which also is expressed by "trueUφ". But you're not alone with this, the same question was raised in some of the lectures I attended that involved temporal logics ;-) Thomas5388 (talk) 04:08, 26 November 2010 (UTC)

Examples (once more)
The AG(PUQ) example seems to be explained badly. PUQ must hold on every path forever. So one likes chocolate until it is warm outside, but once it is warm, and then becomes cold again, one still has to like chocolate until it is warm. The textual description does not make this at all clear. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.27.127.183 (talk) 09:13, 26 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Computation tree logic


text:
Martin Newland

Martin Newland (born 26 October 1961) is a British journalist, a former Editor of The Daily Telegraph who now consults on media and communications, most recently in the Middle East. He was an advisor to Abu Dhabi Media and before that was Executive Director Publishing, Abu Dhabi Media. Prior to that, he was launch Editor of The National, a national newspaper in Abu Dhabi. Before that, he was editor of The Daily Telegraph, a British broadsheet newspaper, from 2003 to 2005, replacing Charles Moore. Newland was appointed Editor upon his return from Canada where he was a launch editor and Deputy Editor of Conrad Black's new national newspaper The National Post. The launch of the Post started one of the most costly and intense newspaper wars in North America.

Education
Newland was educated at Downside School, the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Goldsmiths College at the University of London, where he took a BA in History and Heythrop College (also at the University of London), where he took an MA in Theology.

Life and career
Newland worked to preserve The Daily Telegraph when it was purchased in June 2004 from Hollinger International by the Barclay brothers, then owners of The Scotsman newspaper and The Business magazine.

After the takeover, it was confirmed that Newland would remain as editor under the new owners, despite some reports that he would be replaced by Dominic Lawson, editor of the Sunday Telegraph, and others such as Andrew Neil, publisher of The Scotsman and The Business.

Newland was opposed to introducing a compact (tabloid) version of The Daily Telegraph but was known to want to introduce some changes to the broadsheet.

Newland resigned as Daily Telegraph editor on 18 November 2005. His temporary replacement was confirmed as John Bryant, the Telegraph Group's newly appointed Editor-in-Chief. Bryant was never officially editor of the Daily Telegraph, a much-coveted office previously held by the likes of Lord Deedes and Max Hastings.

In August 2007, Press Gazette reported that Newland was due to launch a new newspaper in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates.

The National, was launched on 17 April 2008. It is the UAE's sixth daily English-language newspaper but the only one printed in Abu Dhabi.

Previous career
Newland was born in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Prior to becoming editor of The Daily Telegraph, he worked at the Catholic Herald from 1986 to 1989; then became a reporter and home editor on The Daily Telegraph (1989–98). He was deputy editor on the National Post, a conservative Canadian daily founded in 1998 by Lord Black of Crossharbour. Under Newland's news direction, the upstart daily found a distinctive voice and quickly came to within striking distance of the venerable, but colourless The Globe and Mail, before mounting losses forced major cutbacks in editorial staffing levels. Before that Newland was home editor, news editor and a reporter for The Daily Telegraph.

A devout Catholic, he is married to Benedicte, née Smets, the sister of Pascale Smets, who is married to The Telegraph's pocket cartoonist Matt. The couple have four children.

title: Martin Newland


text:
KPXO-TV

KPXO-TV (channel 66) is a television station licensed to Kaneohe, Hawaii, United States, serving the Hawaiian Islands as an affiliate of Ion Television. Owned by Inyo Broadcast Holdings, KPXO-TV maintains offices on Waimanu Street in Honolulu. It broadcasts from a two-site distributed transmission system, with transmitters at Kailua and Akupu, Hawaii.

KPXO-TV was a charter affiliate of the network when it began as Pax TV in 1998. Even though it does not have any satellite stations, KPXO-TV is available on cable statewide.

Subchannels
The station's signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
In 2009, KPXO left analog channel 66, continuing on digital channel 41 when the analog to digital conversion was completed.

On April 13, 2017, the FCC announced that KPXO-TV would relocate to RF channel 32 by April 12, 2019 as a result of the broadcast incentive auction.

title: KPXO-TV


text:
Neel

Neel may refer to:

Given name

 * Neel Doff (1858–1942), Dutch author
 * Neel E. Kearby (1911–1944), military pilot
 * Neel Jani (born 1983), Swiss race car driver
 * Neel Kashkari, Interim Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability
 * Neel Reid (1885–1926), architect

Surname

 * Alice Neel (1900–1984), American portrait painter
 * Boyd Neel (1905–1981), English conductor and academic
 * David Neel, a Canadian writer, photographer, and artist
 * Elizabeth Neel (born 1975), artist
 * Ingrid Neel (born 1998), Estonian tennis player
 * Prashanth Neel (born 1980), Indian film director
 * Roy Neel, politician
 * Troy Neel (born 1965), professional baseball player

Néel as a surname

 * Alexandra David-Néel (1868–1969), a French explorer, anarchist, spiritualist, and writer
 * Louis Néel (1904–2000), a French physicist who received the 1970 Nobel prize
 * Néel temperature, at which an antiferromagnetic material becomes paramagnetic

Locations

 * Neel, Alabama, an unincorporated community in Morgan County, Alabama, United States

Other uses

 * Alice Neel (documentary) film about painter Alice Neel
 * Nil in the Indian numbering system
 * Neel Trimarans, a multihull sailboat company founded and managed by Eric Bruneel and based in La Rochelle, France

title: Neel


text:
User:Hemanshu/poster

Wikipedia is the world's largest encyclopedia with over 300,000 articles in the English language version and over 400,000 articles in other languages (Wikipedia is currently available in 186 languages and aims to cover all the languages of the world). It is an open-content free encyclopedia meaning that anyone including you can edit it. All original material contributed to Wikipedia is deemed to be free content under the GNU Free Documentation License, meaning that it may be freely used, freely edited, freely copied and freely redistributed.

Wikipedia is managed and operated by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation.

Wikipedia's content is created by its users.

Wikipedia began as an English language project on January 15, 2001, and soon gained its first other language, French, on March 23, 2001. There has since been a great deal of effort devoted to making it multilingual, and it currently contains over 300,000 articles in English and over 400,000 in other languages (as of June 2004 ).

At this point, you may ask yourself: "Just why is Wikipedia so great? What accounts for its overwhelming splendidness?" Here are some reasons why we think so:

 * Wikipedia articles are extremely easy to edit. Anyone can click the "edit" link and edit an article.

 * Wikipedia has almost no bureaucracy; one might say it has none at all. But it isn't just the "Wild West."  There are social pressures and community norms, but perhaps that by itself doesn't constitute bureaucracy, because anybody can just go in and make any changes they feel like making.  And other people generally like it when they do.  So there aren't bottlenecks; anyone can come in and make progress on the project at any time.  The project is self-policing.  Editorial oversight is more or less continuous with writing, which seems, again, very efficient.  :-)

 * Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy makes it an excellent place to gain a quick understanding of controversial topics. Want a good overview of the Arab-Israeli conflict but only got 10 minutes to spare? Wondering what all the fuss is about in Kashmir or what the pro/con arguments are about stem cell research?  Wikipedia is a great place to start.

 * While traditional encyclopedias might be revised annually, Wikipedia is revised hundreds of times an hour. That's a big deal if your interest is in current affairs, recent science, pop culture, or any other field that changes rapidly.

 * On Wikipedia, there are no required topics and no one is making assignments. That means that anyone can find part of the encyclopedia they're interested in, and add to it immediately (if they can do better than what's already there).  This increases motivation and keeps things fun.

 * Wikipedia is open content, released under the GNU Free Documentation License. Knowing this encourages people to contribute; they know it's a public project that everyone can use.

 * Articles seem to be getting steadily more polished. Articles seem to have a tendency to get gradually better and better, particularly if there is one person working on an article with reasonable regularity (in that case, others have a tendency to help).  There are some articles we can all point to that started out life mediocre at best and are now at least somewhat better than mediocre.  Now suppose this project lasts for many years and attracts many more people, as seems perfectly reasonable to assume.  Then how could articles not be burnished to a scintillating luster?

 * Wikipedia seems to attract highly intelligent, articulate people (with the exception of repeat vandals) with a little (or a lot of) time on their hands. Moreover, there are some experts at work here.  Over time, the huge amount of solid work done by hobbyists and dilettantes can (and no doubt will) be hugely improved upon by experts.  This both makes Wikipedia a pleasant intellectual community (or so it seems to some) and gives us some confidence that the quality of Wikipedia articles will, in time, if not yet, be high.

 * Furthermore, because these highly intelligent, and may I say undoubtedly attractive people, come from all over the world, Wikipedia can give the reader a genuinely "world view".

 * Wikipedia is growing at a dizzying rate. This rate of growth has been progressively increasing: as of July 2004, the average growth rate now exceeds 400 articles per day in the English version alone, and over 2,000 articles per day across the entire project. And the word is only slowly getting out about Wikipedia.

 * To use an extended metaphor, Wikipedia is very fertile soil for knowledge. As encyclopedia articles grow, they can attract gardeners who will weed and edit them, while the discussion between community members provides light to help their growth. By consistent effort and nourishment, Wikipedia articles can become beautiful and informative.

 * Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the world wide web, repeatedly mentions in his book "Weaving the Web" that the web has grown into a medium that is much easier to read than to edit. He envisaged the web would be much more of a collaborative medium than it currently is, and that the browser should also function as an editor.  Wiki-based sites are closer to his vision.

title: User:Hemanshu/poster


text:
Padam

Padam may refer to:

 * Padam, Ladakh, India
 * Padam people, of India
 * Padam (musical composition), in Carnatic music of South India
 * Southern Command (Israel) (Pikud Darom or Padam)

title: Padam


text:
International Press Institute

International Press Institute (IPI) is a global organisation dedicated to the promotion and protection of press freedom and the improvement of journalism practices. The institution was founded by 34 editors from 15 countries at Columbia University in October, 1950.

IPI has a membership category: "IPI Leading Journalists", which is open to heads of media departments, bureau chiefs and media correspondents.

IPI is a member of the International Freedom of Expression Exchange, a global network of non-governmental organisations that monitors press freedom and free expression violations worldwide.

In October 2006, the National Television Academy (NTA) honoured IPI with an International Emmy Award for its press freedom work.

Protest letters
IPI monitors press freedom around the world and responds to threats and attacks on journalists and media outlets by sending protest letters to governments and inter-governmental organisations. These threats are often brought to IPI's attention by its members, many of whom experience such difficulties first-hand while carrying out their profession.

Press freedom missions
IPI leads missions to countries where press freedom is under threat, meeting with government officials, diplomats, journalists and non-governmental organisations, and providing legal representation and support in court cases.

Research
IPI undertakes extensive research on issues relevant to the media and circulates several publications on press freedom, including the quarterly magazine IPI Global Journalist. IPI regularly scrutinises new media laws and provides governments with recommendations on how to bring their legislation in line with internationally accepted standards on freedom of expression. IPI also monitors journalists killed worldwide. Since 1997, it has kept a Death Watch of media casualties.

World Press Freedom Review
Each year, IPI publishes an authoritative report on media violations around the world: The World Press Freedom Review.

World Press Freedom Heroes
In 2000, on the occasion of its 50th anniversary, IPI named 50 journalists "World Press Freedom Heroes". Since then,, ten more have been so named, including, posthumously, the murdered journalists Hrant Dink of Turkey and Anna Politkovskaya of Russia.

IPI Free Media Pioneer Award
Established in 1996, the IPI Free Media Pioneer Award honours individuals or organisations that fight against great odds to ensure freer and more independent media in their country or region. The award is co-sponsored by the US-based Freedom Forum, a non-partisan, international foundation dedicated to free press and free speech.

Recipients of the award started with NTV in Russia in 1996, the Alliance of Independent Journalists in Indonesia in 1997, and Radio B92 in Serbia in 1998. In 2022, there were seven awardees, ABO Local Media Development Agency, Hromadske, Slidstvo.info, StopFake, The Kyiv Independent, Ukraїner and Ukrainska Pravda in Ukraine. IPI described the Ukrainian media organisations as having "[risen] to face head-on the challenges and dangers brought by Russia's war of aggression with courage, quality reporting, and a steadfast commitment to serving local communities at a time of immense need".

IPI World Congress
Each year, IPI holds an international congress where several hundred publishers, editors and senior journalists from around the world gather to debate and discuss a range of issues that concern the fight for a free media.

title: International Press Institute


text:
Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film)

Somebody Up There Likes Me is a 1956 American drama film directed by Robert Wise and starring Paul Newman and Pier Angeli, based on the life of middleweight boxing legend Rocky Graziano. The supporting cast features Everett Sloane, Eileen Heckart, Harold J. Stone, and Sal Mineo.

The film was nominated for three Academy Awards, and won two: Best Cinematography (Black and White) (Joseph Ruttenberg) and Best Art Direction (Black and White) (Cedric Gibbons, Malcolm Brown, Edwin B. Willis, F. Keogh Gleason). It lost its nomination for Best Film Editing to Around the World in 80 Days.

Plot
Rocky Graziano has a difficult childhood and is beaten by his father. He joins a street gang, and undergoes a long history of criminal activities. He is sent to prison, where he is rebellious to all authority figures. After his release, he is drafted by the U.S. Army, but runs away. Needing money, he becomes a boxer, and finds that he has natural talent and wins six fights in a row before the Army finds him and dishonorably discharges him. He serves a year in a United States Disciplinary Barracks, and resumes his career as a boxer as a result.

While working his way to the title, he is introduced to his sister's friend Norma, whom he falls in love with and later marries. Starting a new, clean life, he rises to the top, but loses a title fight with Tony Zale. A person he knew in prison finds him and blackmails him into throwing a fight over his dishonorable discharge. Rocky fakes an injury and avoids the fight altogether. When he is interrogated by the district attorney, he refuses to name the blackmailer and has his license suspended. His manager gets him a fight in Chicago to fight Zale, the middleweight champion, once more. Rocky wins the fight.

Production
The role of Rocky Graziano was originally to be played by James Dean, but he died before filming began, and Paul Newman was asked to take the part. Australian actor Rod Taylor was also considered for the part; although unsuccessful, his screen test impressed MGM enough for them to offer him a long term contract.

The film was also notable for being one of Paul Newman's first starring roles.

Soundtrack
Perry Como's version of the title song is played over the opening and closing credits.

Box office
According to MGM records, the film earned $1,915,000 in the US and Canada and $1,445,000 elsewhere, resulting in a profit of $609,000.

title: Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film)


text:
Eddie Shore

Edward William Shore (November 23, 1902 – March 16, 1985) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman, principally for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League, and the longtime owner of the Springfield Indians of the American Hockey League. Iconic for his aggressiveness, toughness and defensive skill, he was called "The Edmonton Express." In 2017, Shore was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.

Shore won the Hart Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player four times, the most of any defenceman; only Wayne Gretzky and Gordie Howe have won it more often. After the league began naming NHL All-Star teams at the end of Shore's fifth season, Shore was honoured as a First Team All-Star in seven of his last nine seasons, while being named a Second Team All-Star one of the other seasons; in the remaining season he missed over half the schedule due to injury. A bruiser known for his violence, Shore set a then-NHL record for 165 penalty minutes in his second season.

Playing career
Shore started his career with his hometown minor hockey team in Cupar, Saskatchewan, the Cupar Canucks. He played for the Melville Millionaires and won the 1923-24 Saskatchewan senior championship.

Shore moved up to professional hockey with the Regina Capitals of the Western Canada Hockey League in 1925. His team finished last in the league and moved to Portland after the season. Shore moved to the league champion Edmonton Eskimos in 1926, where he converted from forward to defence and was given the nickname "the Edmonton Express".

When the Western Hockey League (renamed from the WCHL) folded in 1926, Shore was sold to the Boston Bruins of the NHL. As a rookie, he scored 12 goals and six assists for a total of 18 points and accumulated 130 penalty minutes. His first goal came on November 20, 1926 in Boston's 5-1 loss to Chicago. Shore helped the Bruins win their first Stanley Cup in 1929.

In the 1925–26 season, Billy Coutu and Sprague Cleghorn of the Montreal Canadiens were traded to the Boston Bruins. During their first practice with the Bruins, Shore strutted back and forth in front of Coutu and Cleghorn. Coutu body-slammed, head-butted, elbowed and tried to torment Shore. Next Coutu picked up the puck and made a rush at Shore. The two players collided. Shore held his ground and Coutu flew through the air violently crashing to the ice. Shore's ear was almost ripped off but he barely noticed it. Coutu was out cold and was out of commission for a week. Shore visited several doctors who wanted to amputate the ear, but found one who sewed it back on. After refusing anesthetic, Shore used a mirror to watch the doctor sew the ear on. Shore claimed Coutu used his hockey stick to cut off the ear, and Coutu was fined $50. Shore later recanted and Coutu's money was refunded.

Another unusual incident involving Shore occurred in January 1930 when he was challenged to a boxing match by baseball player Art Shires. While NHL President Frank Calder said that Shore's participation was up to Bruins' manager Art Ross to decide, baseball commissioner Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis vetoed Shires' participation, and the match was never held. On January 24, 1933, during a game against Montreal, Shore accidentally punched NHL referee-in-chief Cooper Smeaton during a fight with Sylvio Mantha and was fined $100.

On March 30, 1933, Shore scored a playoff overtime goal against Toronto, the only time he accomplished that feat in his career.

In Boston Garden on December 12, 1933, Shore ended the career of Toronto Maple Leafs star Ace Bailey when he hit Bailey from behind. When Bailey's head hit the ice, he was knocked unconscious and went into convulsions. Moments earlier, Maple Leafs teammate King Clancy upended Shore with a hard check as he rushed up the ice. Angry, dazed, and thinking he was going after Clancy, Shore rushed at Bailey intent on revenge. In retaliation, the Leafs tough-guy Red Horner punched Shore, whose head hit the ice as he fell from the blow. Shore was knocked unconscious and required seven stitches but was not seriously injured. Bailey was rushed to hospital in critical condition with a fractured skull and was operated on for more than four hours. There were many fears that he could possibly die. He came out of a coma for the second time 10 days later, making a full recovery, but he did not play professionally again. When he was assured that Bailey would survive, league president Frank Calder suspended Shore for 16 games. An all-star benefit game was held at Maple Leaf Gardens on February 14, 1934, which raised $20,909 for Bailey and his family. Bailey and Shore shook hands and embraced at centre ice before the game began. Thirteen years later, the NHL introduced an annual all-star game.

Shore and the Bruins won their second Stanley Cup in 1939. Shore retired and bought the Springfield Indians of the American Hockey League, where he was player-owner in 1939–40. He was persuaded to rejoin the Bruins after injuries to the Bruins' defence corps, with an agreement that he would play in home games for $200 per match. Shore played just four games for Boston, and was reported as being unenthusiastic about the arrangement. Obtaining permission to play in the Indians' home games, he began to agitate to play in Springfield road games as well, which provoked his trade to the New York Americans on January 25, 1940, for Eddie Wiseman and $5000. He stayed with the Americans through their elimination from the playoffs, and was simultaneously playing with the Indians in their playoff games. Shore's final NHL game was March 24 against the Detroit Red Wings, which coincidentally was also the final NHL game for Hall of Famer and teammate Nels Stewart.

In February 1940, Shore and eight other arena managers organized the Ice Capades.

Retirement and the Indians
Although Shore had played his last NHL game, he played two more seasons in Springfield. The Indians halted operations during World War II, and Shore moved his players to Buffalo where he coached the Buffalo Bisons of the AHL to the Calder Cup championship in 1943 and 1944. After the war, the Springfield Indians resumed play in 1946 and Shore returned.

In addition to owning the Indians, Shore purchased the Oakland Oaks of the Pacific Coast Hockey League (PCHL) in May 1948, and owned the team until it folded in December 1949.

As an owner, Shore could be cantankerous and was often accused of treating players with little respect. He commonly had Springfield players who had been out of the lineup perform maintenance in the Eastern States Coliseum, the Indians' home, referring to them as "Black Aces". Today, the term is commonly used to refer to extra players on the roster who train with the team in case of injury. Despite this, the Indians prospered under his ownership, making the playoffs 12 times and winning three Calder Cups in a row from 1960 to 1962. During the 1967 season, the entire Indians team refused to play after Shore suspended three players without pay, including future NHL star Bill White, for what he said was "indifferent play". When the team asked for an explanation, Shore suspended the two players who spoke for the team, one of whom was Brian Kilrea. Alan Eagleson, then a little-known lawyer and sometime politician, was brought in to negotiate with Shore on the players' behalf. The battle escalated for months, ending with Shore giving up day-to-day operation of the club to the Los Angeles Kings; the genesis of the National Hockey League Players' Association stems from that incident. Shore took back full control of the team in 1974, changed its name back to the Indians and restored its traditional blue-white-red scheme. He continued to own the team until he sold it in 1976.

For his contributions to the game of hockey, Eddie Shore was awarded the vanity license plate "MR HOCKEY" by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

On March 15, 1985, Shore was visiting his son in Springfield, Massachusetts. That night, Shore began coughing up and vomiting blood and was later rushed to the hospital. He was pronounced dead the next morning and the cause of death was later determined to be liver cancer. His funeral was held in his hometown five days later. He is buried in Hillcrest Park Cemetery in the Sixteen Acres section of Springfield.

Shore was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947. The Boston Bruins retired his uniform number, 2. The Eddie Shore Award is given annually to the AHL's best defenceman. In 1998, he was ranked number 10 on The Hockey News' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players, making him the highest-ranked pre-World War II player.

Cultural references
In the film Slap Shot, Eddie Shore's name, along with Toe Blake and Dit Clapper, is considered synonymous with "old-time hockey." Shore is also featured in the Don Cherry biopic Keep Your Head Up Kid: The Don Cherry Story where he was portrayed by Stephen McHattie.

Awards, honours and records

 * Named to the WHL first All-Star team in 1926.
 * Stanley Cup champion in 1929 and 1939.
 * Named to the NHL first All-Star team in 1931, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939.
 * Won the Hart Memorial Trophy as the NHL's Most Valuable Player in 1933, 1935, 1936, 1938.
 * Named to the NHL second All-Star team in 1934.
 * His #2 Jersey was retired by the Boston Bruins on January 1, 1947.
 * Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947.
 * Won the Lester Patrick Trophy for contributions to hockey in 1970.
 * Inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 1975.
 * In 1998, he was ranked #10 on The Hockey News' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players.
 * In January, 2017, Shore was part of the first group of players to be named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.

Records

 * NHL record for most Hart Memorial Trophies as the NHL's most valuable player by a defenceman: (4)
 * Oldest player in NHL history along with Herb Gardiner to win the Hart Memorial Trophy – 35 years old.

Regular season and playoffs

 * Bold indicates led league

title: Eddie Shore


text:
Sezen Aksu

Sezen Aksu (born Fatma Sezen Yıldırım; 13 July 1954) is a Turkish singer, songwriter and producer. She is one of the most successful Turkish singers, having sold over 40 million albums worldwide. Her nicknames include the "Queen of Turkish Pop" and "Minik Serçe" ("Little Sparrow").

Aksu's influence on Turkish pop and world music has continued since her debut in 1975, and has been reinforced by her patronage of and collaboration with many other musicians, including Yonca Evcimik, Sertab Erener, Şebnem Ferah, Aşkın Nur Yengi, Hande Yener, Yıldız Tilbe, Işın Karaca, Seden Gürel, Harun Kolçak and Levent Yüksel. Sezen Aksu is widely known as a successful songwriter. Her work with Tarkan resulted in continental hits like "Şımarık" and "Şıkıdım" and her collaboration with Goran Bregović widened her international audience. In 2010, NPR named her as one of the "50 Great Voices" of the world.

Biography
Sezen Aksu was born in Sarayköy, Denizli, Turkey. Her father was a mathematics teacher. Her family moved to Bergama when she was three years old and she spent her childhood and early youth there. Aksu's parents discouraged her singing because they wanted her to have a steady profession as a doctor or engineer. She used to wait until they left the house and sing on the family's balcony. After finishing high school, she began studying at the local agricultural institute, but left college to concentrate on music.

Along with her close friend Ajda Pekkan, Aksu is credited with laying the foundations of Turkish pop music in the 1970s. Her sound has also spread across the Balkans and Greece. Aksu has also toured in Europe and the U.S to critical appraise.

She has championed a variety of causes, including support for constitutional reform, minority rights, women's rights, the environment, and educational reform in Turkey. Aksu has been married and divorced four times, but kept the name from her second marriage to Ali Engin Aksu, a doctor of geology who currently resides in Canada. She has a son with Sinan Özer, named Mithat Can, who is also a lead vocalist of Pist'on band.

1975–1983: Early life and career beginnings
Sezen Aksu released her first single, Haydi Şansım/Gel Bana in 1975 under the name of "Sezen Seley". However, she remained undiscovered until her 1976 single Olmaz Olsun/Vurdumduymaz reached number one in the Turkish charts. In 1976, Sezen Aksu won the "Promising Female Artist of the Year" award. Her first album was 1977's Allahaısmarladık, released as a 33's and named after her previous single Allahaısmarladık/Kaç Yıl Geçti Aradan, contains her previous singles as well as a few additional pieces like Uzun Lafın Kısası and Gözlerindeki Bulut.

Aksu finally decided to represent Turkey at the Eurovision Song Contest in the mid-70s. However, even though she competed in the national finals for the competition three times, with Küçük Bir Aşk Masalı (A Little Love Tale) as a duet with Özdemir Erdoğan, "Heyamola" which was performed as a trio with Coşkun Demir and Ali Kocatepe, and 1945 which was a solo performance, she did not get the chance to represent Turkey abroad. It was to be left to her pupil, Sertab Erener, to win the Eurovision and realise Aksu's dream to push her musical vision further into Europe.

1980s
In the 80's, Aksu had a relationship with Turkish-Armenian producer Onno Tunç that was both romantic and professional. As a couple they put their signatures to works that broke new ground in Turkish pop music, such as Sen Ağlama, Git, Sezen Aksu'88 and Sezen Aksu Söylüyor. Her music matured in the 90's, when she co-produced her best selling album to-date Gülümse with Tunç. The A-1 track from the album called Hadi Bakalım was a hit in Turkey and Europe, and was published as a single in Germany. It was to be later rediscovered in Europop by singer Loona as Rhythm of the Night. She also began to produce albums for her vocalists, notably producing Aşkın Nur Yengi's debut album Sevgiliye (To a Lover) again with Tunç. She was to repeat her success as a teacher with artists Sertab Erener and Levent Yüksel.

1990s–present
Parting ways with Tunç, in 1995, Aksu branched out with the experimental album Işık Doğudan Yükselir, drawing both on western classical and regional Turkish musical traditions. This album made her name known outside Turkey and gave her a worldwide audience, especially in Europe. In 1996, she released Düş Bahçeleri as a tribute to Tunç, who died that same year tragically when his private plane crashed. In 1997, she released Düğün ve Cenaze, this time collaborating with Goran Bregović.

She returned to her roots with Adı Bende Saklı, which was released in 1998. She began to use experimental sounds and was once again pushing Turkish pop into the future. Aksu continued with this trend with her subsequent albums Deliveren, Şarkı Söylemek Lazım (which also featured former Sparks bassist Martin Gordon as engineer/mixer, who also was bass player on her subsequent European tour), and Yaz Bitmeden between the years 2000–2003. After a two-year hiatus, she returned with Bahane in 2005. That same year she released Kardelen, where all proceeds went to charity, and before the end of 2005 released a Bahane/Remixes double-CD album, which contained the original Bahane album in disc one and the remixes of songs in disc two.

In 2005, she was featured in Fatih Akın's documentary film Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul with a performance of the song "İstanbul Hatırası". In 2006, Aksu published a book called Eksik Şiir, a collection of 197 songs written by her between 1975-2006. The book was well-received and sold 17,000 copies in the first 4 days after its release. It was followed by Eksik Şiir İkinci Kitap in 2016.

In 2008, Aksu released her album called Deniz Yıldızı through Starfish Records. In 2009 she released her album Yürüyorum Düş Bahçelerinde. The album contains new original songs as well as some older songs which were composed by Sezen Aksu for other singers, most notably "Çakkıdı", "Kibir", "Yok Ki".

In 2010, Aksu was on the "50 Great Sounds" list set by the American NPR radio. Sezen Aksu's concert with Fahir Atakoğlu in Stockholm, Sweden in April 2010 was attended by many Turkish and Swedish music lovers. After a 10-year break, "TurkofAmerica" and "GNL Entertainment" organized a series of concerts by Aksu in the USA, with the corporate sponsorship of the Washington-based Turkish Cultural Foundation. The three concerts were held between 4–7 April at three different venues: Strathmore in Maryland, Carnegie Hall in New York, and Prudential Hall in New Jersey. Atakoğlu also accompanied Aksu during her concerts in the USA. After performing well over the time allocated for her New Jersey concert, Aksu told the audience: "We have exceeded the [time] limits, the Americans have also set a record of patience, New Jersey will be like this tonight, I will not leave this scene until I make all of you happy".

In 2011, Aksu bean producing music again and released the studio album Öptüm. The album consists of songs written and composed by Aksu, including "Unuttun mu Beni", "Vay", "Aşka Şükrederim", "Ah Felek Yordun Beni", and also features a song written by Nazan Öncel titled "Ballı". Cemal Süreya's poem "Sayım" was turned by Aksu into a song and included in the album as well.

At her concert in Volkswagen Arena Istanbul in January 2016, Aksu announced that she would retire from performing live on stage: "Each ending is a new beginning. I will continue to produce [music], but I'm going to say goodbye to the stage after doing a few concerts I promised before. This is my last concert in Istanbul. I'm grateful for having you here with me today in memory of 40 years of my career." In September, she stated again that she would continue making music.

In January 2022, Aksu was criticized by conservaties and religious figures for calling Adam and Eve ignorant in the song "Ne Şahane Bir Şey Yaşamak" (a cover of the 2012 song "C'est la vie"). The song was originally included in the 2017 tribute album Alakasız Şarkılar, Vol. 1 in memory of Yaşar Gaga, but resurfaced on the social media in early 2022 after its lyric video was published on Aksu's official YouTube channel on 30 December 2021. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, leader of the Nationalist Movement Party Devlet Bahçeli, and the Directorate of Religious Affairs, were among the political figures and government agencies that criticized Aksu and the song. After remaining silent for a month, Aksu eventually released a statement on her Facebook account on January 22. "As you know, the matter is not me; the matter is the country," she remarked, thanking everyone who have shown their support for her. Aksu also revealed the lyrics to a new song she wrote the previous day: "You won't be able to crush my tongue."

Activism
Aksu is known for her sensitivity to social problems and events. In 2009 she supported Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's democratic initiative and the settlement process in Turkey. As a result journalist Hikmet Çetinkaya claimed that Aksu's father was a supporter of the Nur movement. While some artists stood behind Aksu, some expressed that Aksu's behavior was unreasonable. In 2012, Aksu wrote the song "Tanrının Gözyaşları" (Tears of God) in memory of soldiers who had died during the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.

About the young people who participated in the first days of the Gezi Park protests in 2013 she said: "This is the first youth revolution in the world. They have sent an extraordinary message and the people there and those who are coming to the streets are speaking their words with an extraordinary language." In 2014, she again paid tribute to the young people who took part in the protests with her new single "Yeni ve Yeni Kalanlar".

Aksu is keen to fight against issues such as misogyny, illiteracy, discrimination, bullying and homophobia. According to the LGBT magazine, KAOS GL, she is a major gay icon, with the Turkish LGBT community embracing her as a pop culture representative. In 2002, alongside Ajda Pekkan and Seyyal Taner, Aksu was named as one of the gay icons admired by the Turkish LGBT people in the book Eşcinsel Erkekler by Murat Hocaoğlu. In a survey conducted by KAOS GL, she was chosen as one of the favorite gay icons by the participants. Aksu is praised by the LGBT community in Turkey and publicly assists and supports LGBT people through charity work. In 2008, she supported LGBT association Lambdaistanbul, which was closed by a court decision based on "the fact that it is contrary to general morality". In 2013, Aksu performed with transsexual actress Ayta Sözeri on stage, and later a huge rainbow flag symbolizing the LGBT movement was waved in the air, the first time that a Turkish artist had publicly shown support for LGBT on stage. Later in 2013, she published a statement on her official website in support of the SPOD (Social Policy Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation Studies Association) on its first anniversary. In her statement, she mentioned Mesut Şaban Okan, nicknamed "İrem", who was a victim of hate crime in Bursa in 2010. Referencing Melek Okan's words about her child's death, who had said "They could not find a place for my child anywhere in the whole world!", Aksu talked about violence against LGBT people and added that she would fight against violence and discrimination.

"''They could not find a place for my child anywhere in the whole world...'

Can any sentence be so concise, deep and painful? This sentence can only come from and fall out of a mother's or a father's mouth. As long as my breath is sufficient enough, I will take a stand against this discrimination, this speciesism, this cruelty that ignores and destroys those who are not like them; I'll take the side of those whose right to live was blocked. With all my heart and hope...'"

266854 Sezenaksu, an asteroid discovered in 2009, is named after the artist.

Personal life
Sezen Aksu married Hasan Yüksektepe at a young age, and the two got divorced shortly afterwards. At the beginning of her professional life, she married Ali Engin Aksu, whose surname she adopted and later used. On 10 July 1981, Sezen Aksu married Sinan Özer while being pregnant with their child. The couple divorced in 1983. Her marriage to journalist Ahmet Utlu in 1993 was also short-lived and ended in divorce.

Aside from her marriages, she was also romantically involved with composer Uzay Heparı.

Studio albums
• 1977: Allahaısmarladık

• 1978: Serçe

• 1980: Sevgilerimle

• 1981: Ağlamak Güzeldir

• 1982: Firuze

• 1984: Sen Ağlama

• 1986: Git

• 1988: Sezen Aksu'88

• 1989: Sezen Aksu Söylüyor

• 1991: Gülümse

• 1993: Deli Kızın Türküsü

• 1995: Işık Doğudan Yükselir (Ex Oriente Lux - Light Rises From the East)

• 1996: Düş Bahçeleri

• 1997: Düğün ve Cenaze

• 1998: Adı Bende Saklı

• 2000: Deliveren

• 2002: Şarkı Söylemek Lazım

• 2003: Yaz Bitmeden

• 2005: Bahane

• 2005: Kardelen

• 2008: Deniz Yıldızı

• 2009: Yürüyorum Düş Bahçeleri'nde...

• 2011: Öptüm

• 2017: Biraz Pop Biraz Sezen

• 2018: Demo

• 2022: Demo 2

Filmography

 * Minik Serçe (The Little Sparrow) – (1979)
 * Büyük Yalnızlık (Great Solitude) – (1990)
 * Crossing The Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul – (2005)
 * The Ottoman Republic – (2008)

Musicals

 * Sezen Aksu Aile Gazinosu (Sezen Aksu Family Music Hall) – (1982)
 * Bin Yıl Önce Bin Yıl Sonra (1000 Years Before, 1000 Years Later) – (1986)

Books

 * Eksik Şiir (The Missing Poem) (First issue: 9 September 2006 - Second issue: 11 May 2007)
 * Eksik Şiir İkinci Kitap (The Missing Poem, Book Two) (November 2016)

title: Sezen Aksu


text:
Fædrelandsvennen

Fædrelandsvennen is a regional newspaper based in Kristiansand, Norway. It covers the southernmost part of the country, (Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder), focusing especially on the area between Mandal and Lillesand (west and east of Kristiansand).

History and profile
Fædrelandsvennen was established by Petrus Emilius Johanssen and Ole Christian Tangen in 1875. It is owned by the Norwegian based Schibsted ASA and has its headquarters in Kristiansand. Eivind Ljøstad was appointed editor-in-chief of the paper in 2010.

It was Fædrelandsvennen which first reported on 29 December 1999 the relationship of Crown Prince of Norway with his future wife, Mette-Marit.

On 16 September 2006 Fædrelandsvennen was switched from broadsheet to tabloid format. On 14 May 2012, the newspaper introduced paid content for their online site—only subscribers can access the online newspaper in full.

Circulation
Fædrelandsvennen has 235 employees and has 116,000 daily readers. It is published six days per week. The circulation of Fædrelandsvennen was 45,000 copies in 2003. Confirmed circulation figures by Mediebedriftenes Landsforening (Newspaper Publishers' Association), Norway:
 * 2006: 42,642
 * 2007: 41,326
 * 2008: 40,729
 * 2009: 39,454
 * 2010: 37,934
 * 2012: 35,441
 * 2014: 34,065
 * 2015: 32,739

title: Fædrelandsvennen