text:
MX (newspaper)

mX was an Australian free afternoon daily newspaper in the cities of Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane, owned and produced by News Corp Australia. Targeted at commuters, its main channels of distribution were inner-city railway stations, tram and bus stops, and major CBD intersections. The last edition of mX was published on 12 June 2015.

Beginnings
The first mX was published in Melbourne on 6 February 2001, hoping to capitalise on the Metro format, popular in Europe. The paper contained lighter news and sports articles, often containing strange stories and facts from around the world (under the headings "Nice One" and, "What The?"). The newspaper's approach was to focus much more on entertainment than news, compared to broadsheet newspapers, or even other tabloids.

Melbourne Express, published by rival Fairfax Media, was this paper's competitor. Initially it used the same format, although it was released in the mornings rather than the afternoon. It began publication the day before mX, but was soon overtaken due to mX's much broader use of colour, its greater availability, and its lighter tone. In addition, mX had no explanation at its launch, allowing readers to assume that it stood for "Melbourne Express" and that it was the paper known by that name. Melbourne Express ceased publication on 7 September 2001.

The broad success of mX contributed to reduced sales of the afternoon edition of News Corporation stablemate the Herald Sun, its last edition being published on 21 December 2001.

Sydney and Brisbane editions
Following the success of mX in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane editions were launched.

On 4 July 2005, mX launched a Sydney edition. Sydney City Council was considering a tender to lease Sydney footpaths to News Corporation for $362,000 annually, and charge other free daily newspaper a similar fee if they use the same location more than 40 times a year. Other newspapers, that are distributed by sellers on streets, are concerned about the possibility that they may be required to also pay such fees.

The Brisbane edition of mX was launched on 5 March 2007, with an expected distribution of 40,000 copies per day.

Format and content
Being a commuter newspaper, mX was much thinner than other daily newspapers.

Central themes of most articles included U.S. celebrity gossip, new product lines, controversial events, rumours, celebrity trivia, and readers' gripes, amongst other attention-grabbing stories. Large photographs often appeared without any related story, only a caption describing their contents; conversely, news stories were rarely accompanied by photographs. Small, large, and full page advertisements were also a major contributor to the paper's overall make-up.

The newspaper launched an app in 2013.

Sections

 * News – Short items of "legitimate" news such as national and state politics, included the next day's weather forecast. Started on page 2.
 * Juice – Celebrity gossip. Located on pages 4 and 5.
 * Sport – Located on the final two or three pages.
 * Brainwave – The puzzles page, including a crossword, Sudoku and various (Mumma needed) other word games. Also included a horoscope under the heading of "Should I get out of bed tomorrow?"
 * Talk – Essentially Letters to the Editor, although most letters were very short, having been sent via SMS. It was divided into several sections:
 * Vent Your Spleen – Devoted to readers' SMSed complaints (often about public transport services), comments and thoughts.
 * Overheard – Devoted to humorous or bizarre conversations overheard and sent in by readers.
 * Here's Looking At You – In which readers wrote messages to people on public transport to whom they are attracted, in the hope that they will reply and arrange a date, or just to anonymously compliment them. Originally such messages appeared in the general "Vent Your Spleen" section, but the practice became so popular that it was separated into its own section. "Here's looking at all of you" was the page-filling title page when the paper announced on 29 May 2015 its closure to the readers.
 * Lost in Love – Readers' responses to a request from another reader for relationship advice, and an invitation to send replies to the next day's question.
 * My Platform – A vox pop in which three people on the street gave a short response to a question. This section has been dropped.
 * Flicks – That night's movie listings. A movie review used to feature in the middle of every flicks page but that was dropped in 2011 due to the space being needed for session time listings.
 * The Box – Reviews of television programs screening that night.
 * Program – That night's primetime (6:00pm – midnight) television listing. Was combined with "The Box".
 * City Scene – A weekly entertainment section with an emphasis on all genres of popular music, including CD and movie reviews, concert listings, band interviews and trivia. Appears on Thursdays. Used to be called Citybeat.
 * Goss & Glam – Magazine-style entertainment and fashion news. Located on the middle four pages.
 * Quickie – A short interview with a famous person. Dropped.
 * CareerOne – Mainly job advertisements. Dropped.
 * Flirt – A weekly section focused on love and relationships. Appeared on Fridays. Dropped.
 * Weird – A two-page spread of weird news from around the world.
 * Wanderlust – A two-page spread about travel destinations sponsored by Jetstar.

Staples
Some mX editions had been stapled, as they tended to remain contained and not blow around as much. This decision was also based on the capabilities of publishing equipment and whether binding systems were installed at the production facilities.

Theming
Occasionally the mX masthead was modified to capitalise on major events, such as a tennis ball and racquet during the Australian Open, and love hearts and using rose scented ink during Valentine's Day. On the day of the Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, the x was changed to a Union Jack and many pages said "The royal wedding" other pages said "Not the wedding". In the lead-up to both the 2007 federal election and 2010 federal election, the front page of each issue bore a "disclaimer" warning of the number of election stories (if any) contained within.
 * St Patrick's Day editions had the blue captions replaced with green, and Irish themed stories fill the "Did You Know" and "What The?" sections.
 * Easter editions did not change colour; however, the "Did You Know" and "What The?" sections related to modern Easter stories (such as the world's largest easter egg).

Closure
On 28 May 2015, News Corp announced that the newspaper was closing down. The final edition was printed on 12 June 2015, and the corresponding mobile app was also closed down.

Revival
In 2018 mX was briefly revived in Melbourne as part of a promotion by Carlton & United Breweries. Published on four consecutive Wednesdays from 26 September, it was only available at Flinders Street, Flagstaff, Melbourne Central, Richmond and Southern Cross stations. The same stunt was pulled again in 2024, this time to promote the Rising arts festival. Two issues were distributed to 60,000 city workers at key train stations in the Melbourne central business district.

title: MX (newspaper)


text: Category:Australian cuisine

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Australian cuisine


text:
Wide Sargasso Sea

Wide Sargasso Sea is a 1966 novel by Dominican-British author Jean Rhys. The novel serves as a postcolonial and feminist prequel to Charlotte Brontë's novel Jane Eyre (1847), describing the background to Mr. Rochester's marriage from the point-of-view of his wife Antoinette Cosway, a Creole heiress. Antoinette Cosway is Rhys's version of Brontë's "madwoman in the attic". Antoinette's story is told from the time of her youth in Jamaica, to her unhappy marriage to an English gentleman, Mr. Rochester, who renames her Bertha, declares her mad, takes her to England, and isolates her from the rest of the world in his mansion. Wide Sargasso Sea explores the power of relationships between men and women and discusses the themes of race, Caribbean history, and assimilation as Antoinette is caught in a white, patriarchal society in which she fully belongs neither to Europe nor to Jamaica.

Rhys lived in obscurity after her previous work, Good Morning, Midnight, was published in 1939. She had published other novels between these works, but Wide Sargasso Sea caused a revival of interest in Rhys and her work and was her most commercially successful novel.

In 2022, it was included on the "Big Jubilee Read" list of 70 books by Commonwealth authors, selected to celebrate the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II.

Plot
The novel, initially set in Jamaica, opens a short while after the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 abolished slavery in the British Empire on 1 August 1834. The protagonist Antoinette relates the story of her life from childhood to her arranged marriage to an English gentleman, Mr. Rochester.

The novel is in three parts:

Part One takes place in Coulibri, a sugar plantation in Jamaica, and is narrated by Antoinette as a child. Formerly wealthy, since the abolition of slavery, the estate has become derelict and her family has been plunged into poverty. Antoinette's widowed Martinique mother, Annette, must remarry to wealthy English gentleman Mr. Mason, who is hoping to exploit his new wife's situation. Angry at the returning prosperity of the planter class, emancipated slaves living in Coulibri burn down Annette's house, killing Antoinette's mentally disabled younger brother, Pierre. As Annette had been struggling with her mental health up until this point, the grief of losing her son weakens her sanity. Mr. Mason sends her to live with a couple who torment her until she dies. When Antoinette visits her after the fire, Annette refuses to see or speak to her. Antoinette visits her mother once more when she is older but is alarmed at the abuse she witnesses by the servants to her mother and goes away without speaking to her.

Part Two alternates between the points of view of Antoinette and her husband during their honeymoon excursion to her mother's summer estate Granbois, Dominica. Likely catalysts for Antoinette's downfall are the mutual suspicions that develop between the couple, and the machinations of Daniel, who claims he is Antoinette's illegitimate half-brother; he impugns Antoinette's reputation and mental state and demands money to keep quiet. Antoinette's old nurse Christophine openly distrusts Mr. Rochester. His apparent belief in the stories about Antoinette's family and past aggravate the situation; her husband is unfaithful and emotionally abusive. He begins to call her Bertha rather than her real name and flaunts an affair in front of her to cause her pain. Antoinette's increased sense of paranoia and the bitter disappointment of her failing marriage unbalance her already precarious mental and emotional state. She flees to the house of Christophine. Antoinette pleads with Christophine for an obeah potion to attempt to reignite her husband's love, which Christophine reluctantly gives her. Antoinette returns home but the love potion acts like a poison on her husband. Subsequently he hardens his heart against reconciling with his wife and decides to take her away from Granbois out of spite.

Part Three is the shortest part of the novel; it is from the perspective of Antoinette, renamed by her husband as Bertha. Mr. Rochester's father and brother have died, so he has returned to England with Antoinette to claim his sizeable inheritance. She is largely confined to "the attic" of Thornfield Hall, the mansion she calls the "Great House". The story traces her relationship with Grace Poole, the servant who is tasked with guarding her, as well as her disintegrating life with Mr. Rochester, as he hides her from the world. He promises to come to her more but never does. Antoinette is thought mad by those who interact with her and has little understanding of how much time she has been confined. She dreams of freedom, when she remembers, and writes to her stepbrother Richard in Jamaica who, however, says he cannot "interfere legally" with her husband. Desperate and enraged, she attacks him with a knife bought in secret. She later forgets this encounter. Expressing her thoughts in stream of consciousness, Antoinette dreams of flames engulfing the house and her freedom from the life she has there, and believes it is her destiny to fulfill the vision. Waking from her dream she escapes her room, and sets out candle in hand.

Postcolonialism
Since the late 20th century, critics have considered Wide Sargasso Sea as a postcolonial response to Jane Eyre. Rhys uses multiple voices (Antoinette's, her husband's, and Grace Poole's) to tell the story, and intertwines her novel's plot with that of Jane Eyre. In addition, Rhys makes a postcolonial argument when she ties Antoinette's husband's eventual rejection of Antoinette to her Creole heritage (a rejection shown to be critical to Antoinette's descent into madness). The novel is also considered a feminist work, as it deals with unequal power between men and women, particularly in marriage.

Slavery and ethnicity
Antoinette and her family were planters who owned slaves until the passage of the Slavery Abolition Act, which resulted in the family losing their wealth. They are pejoratively called "white nigger" or "white cockroach" by the island's Black inhabitants because of their poverty and are openly despised, harassed, and assaulted. The villagers, inadvertently or not, kill Antoinette's brother, setting fire to the home and seem poised to murder the rest of the family if not for the apparition of an ill omen - their dying green parrot. Meanwhile, Rochester looks down on Antoinette because of her status as a Creole. Scholar Lee Erwin describes this paradox through the scene in which Antoinette's childhood home Coulibri is burned down and she runs to Tia, a black girl her own age, to "be like her". Tia attacks Antoinette, throwing a rock at her head. Antoinette then says she sees Tia "as if I saw myself. Like in a looking glass". Erwin argues that "even as she claims to be seeing "herself," she is simultaneously seeing "the other", that which only defines the self by its separation from it, in this case literally by means of a cut. History here, in the person of a former slave's daughter, is figured as refusing Antoinette", the daughter of a slave owner.

In the novel, Rhys also explores the legacy of slavery and the slave trade, focusing on how abolition dramatically affected the status of Antoinette's family as planters in colonial Jamaica. Scholar Trevor Hope has noted that the "triumphant conflagration of Thornfield Hall in Wide Sargasso Sea may at one level mark a vengeful attack upon the earlier textual structure". The destruction of Thornfield Hall occurs in both novels; however, Rhys epitomises the fire as a liberating experience for Antoinette. Hope has suggested that the novel "[takes] residence inside the textual domicile of empire in order to bring about its disintegration or even, indeed, its conflagration".

Publication and reception
Rhys's editor Diana Athill discusses the events surrounding the publication of the book in her memoir. The book came out of a friendship between Rhys and Selma Vaz Dias who encouraged her to start writing again. At the time, Rhys was living in a shack made of corrugated iron and tar paper in a slum neighbourhood of Cheriton Fitzpaine. The book was virtually completed in November 1964 when Rhys, who was 74 years old and complained of the cold and rain in her shack, suffered a heart attack. Athill cared for Rhys in the hospital for two years, keeping a promise not to publish the book until Rhys was well enough to compile the manuscript and add a few final lines. The income from the book provided enough money for Rhys to improve her living conditions.

On 5 November 2019, BBC News listed Wide Sargasso Sea on its list of the 100 most influential novels.

Awards and nominations

 * Winner of the WH Smith Literary Award in 1967, which brought Rhys to public attention after decades of obscurity.
 * Named by Time as one of the '100 best English-language novels since 1923'.
 * Rated number 94 on the list of Modern Library's 100 Best Novels
 * Winner of Cheltenham Booker Prize 2006 for year 1966

Adaptations

 * 1993: Wide Sargasso Sea, film adaptation directed by John Duigan and starring Karina Lombard and Nathaniel Parker.
 * 1997: Wide Sargasso Sea, a chamber opera adaptation with music by Australian composer Brian Howard, directed by Douglas Horton.
 * 2004: Wide Sargasso Sea, BBC Radio 4 10-part adaptation by Margaret Busby, read by Adjoa Andoh (repeated 2012, 2014, 2019).
 * 2006: Wide Sargasso Sea, TV movie adaptation directed by Brendan Maher and starring Rebecca Hall and Rafe Spall.
 * 2011: "Wide Sargasso Sea", song written by rock 'n' roll singer Stevie Nicks about the novel and film; it appears on her 2011 album In Your Dreams.
 * 2016: BBC Radio Four dramatization (one hour) by Rebecca Lenkiewicz (repeated 2020).

title: Wide Sargasso Sea


text:
Methods of Mayhem

Methods of Mayhem is an American rap rock band formed in 1999 by Tommy Lee, who had temporarily quit his position as Mötley Crüe's drummer.

History
Lee formed Methods of Mayhem on the eve of his divorce from Pamela Anderson. The band's self-titled debut album was released in late 1999 and went on to be certified gold. The album featured appearances by Fred Durst, Crystal Method, U-God, Kid Rock, Snoop Dogg, Lil' Kim, George Clinton and Mix Master Mike. "It's pretty good for what it is," Lee's former Mötley Crüe band member Nikki Sixx conceded in 2000, "I guess you'd call it rap-rock." The band disbanded for the first time in September 2000.

In March 2009, Lee announced that he was reforming Methods of Mayhem and would start recording new music. Drummer Will Hunt, guitarist J3, guitarist Phil X (who contributed to the first album), and touring bassist Marty O'Brien contributed to the sophomore album, A Public Disservice Announcement, released in September 2010. A live performance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno saw Morgan Rose (of Sevendust) playing drums, DJ Aero on turntables, J3 on guitar and vocals, and Lee on vocals and guitar. No bass player was on stage during the performance. Methods of Mayhem later signed to Loud & Proud/Roadrunner Records.

On April 2, 2019, it was announced that Lee had resurrected the project and had plans to release a new album in the future.

Style
The band's self-titled debut featured a rap metal style, while A Public Disservice Announcement was more varied in style, covering genres such as rap rock, nu metal and dance-rock.

Current members

 * Tommy Lee – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, drums (1999–2000, 2009–2011, 2019–present)
 * DJ Aero – turntables, electronics (1999–2000, 2009–2011, 2019–present)
 * Marty O'Brien – bass (2000, 2010–2011, 2019–present), synthesizer, backing vocals (2010–2011, 2019–present)
 * John "J3" Allen III – lead guitar, co-lead vocals (2009–2011, 2019–present)
 * Morgan Rose – drums (2010–2011, 2019–present)

Former members

 * Stephen Perkins – drums (1999–2000)
 * Will Hunt – drums (2009–2010)
 * Tim "TiLo" Murray – vocals (1999–2000)
 * Chris Chaney – bass (1999–2000, 2009–2010)
 * Mix Master Mike – turntables (1999)
 * Kai Marcus – lead guitar, backing vocals (1999–2000)

Singles

 * "Get Naked" (1999)
 * "New Skin" (1999)
 * "Fight Song" (2010)
 * "Time Bomb" (2010)

title: Methods of Mayhem


text:
Talk:Spartacus (ballet)

Orphan
this page is an orphan with little information ie: choreographer, year created, first cast etc etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ohka- (talk • contribs) 23:15, 24 July 2004

The synopsis of this ballet is not quite accurate. I jumbles the acts and omits key scenes. Tweigert (talk) 21:18, 15 November 2008 (UTC)

Bad link
The ClassicalArchives.com link was out of date and so 'dead'. FWIW, the correct URL is now http://www.classicalarchives.com/composer/2787.html#about. However, the info there is not entirely reliable (stating, for instance, that Symphony No. 2 "The Bell" dates from 1935!) so I am taking the liberty of replacing this link with one from the "Virtual Museum of...Aram Khachaturian". Alfietucker (talk) 21:18, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spartacus (ballet)


text:
User:H9000

H9000
My nick comes from the oh so clever HAL 9000 computer.

nl:User:h9000

title: User:H9000


text:
Belgrave, Leicester

Belgrave is an area, suburb, electoral ward and administrative division of the city of Leicester, in the ceremonial county of Leicestershire, England. Belgrave is the location of and known for the National Space Centre, Space Park Leicester, the Golden Mile and Belgrave Hall.

The old Belgrave Village, containing the Belgrave Conservation Area, including Belgrave Hall, St Peter's Church and The Talbot Inn is to the west of Loughborough Road and to the east of the River Soar.

Geography

Belgrave is bounded by the wards and areas of the suburb of Rushey Mead and the village of Birstall to the north, Spinney Hills, North Evington and Northfields to the east on the other side of the Midland Main Line, St Matthew's and Leicester City Centre to the south and Beaumont Leys and Stocking Farm to the west. It is located just north of the centre of Leicester, in the eastern part of the city. The old village part of Belgrave is close to the Leicestershire county border and the Borough of Charnwood at the beginning of the Leicester Urban Area in that direction which is located on the other side of Red Hill Circle. Belgrave therefore stretches from and adjoins the city centre and the county.

Etymology
The settlement was named in the Domesday Book as Merdegrave (from Old English mearð 'marten' + grāf 'grove'). However, after the Norman Conquest the merde, which means excrement in French, was changed to bel.

History
Belgrave was originally one of Leicestershire’s ancient villages, the first mention of which, under its original Saxon name of Merdegrave (which in old English means Martins grove) appears in Domesday Book of 1086 where it is listed amongst the lands given to Hugh de Grandmesnil. Grandmesnil had fought at the side of William the Conqueror at Hastings and was his chief cavalry commander. As a reward for his services he was granted several manors/lands of which this was one. by the King. The land consisted of a mill, 24 acre of meadow and land for six ploughs. For centuries afterwards Belgrave continued as a small agricultural village.

During the Middle Ages Belgrave became one of Leicestershire’s wealthier livings. In the thirteenth century its value rocketed. In 1217 it was valued at 16 marks, at 30 in 1254 and at 60 in 1291.

Belgrave was one of the communities in Leicestershire that experienced the shock of military confrontation because of its situation on the busy London to Derby road which cut right through the heart of the village unlike neighbouring Birstall and Wanlip which it bypassed by some hundreds of yards.

When the English Civil War burst violently into Belgrave, records indicate that there were a number of skirmishes between the opposing forces around the Thurcaston Road bridge and inside St Peter's Church. There is damage to the Tudor Memorial to Ambrose de Belgrave which suggests that it may have been used for target practice.

With large 19th century terraced developments along the A607 (Belgrave Road and Melton Road), this area now has a large, vibrant Asian community featuring the "Golden Mile". The Asian community based in and around Belgrave and Melton Road have been residents since the early 1970s.

The Belgrave Hall area is a conservation area.

Belgrave is home to Belgrave Hall & Gardens. Belgrave Hall, built between 1709 and 1713 is a Grade II* listed building in a plain classical style. The Hall is in the midst of two acres of serene walled gardens that are open to the public during special events. It has changed hands many times, but the owners have always played a major role in the economic, social and charitable life of the community.

St Peter's Church is the oldest building in the local conservation area, parts of which date from the twelfth century. Archaeologists believe there may be an earlier Saxon church beneath the present structure.

The Talbot Inn has origins in the 14th century, when it was a popular stop providing bed and board to those who travelled through Leicester along Loughborough Road.

As can be seen by some of the houses along Loughborough Road there were some very wealthy residents, including the Chief constable of Leicester at one point.

As the wealth of the area grew so did the population and by the late 19th century many more houses were being built.

As Belgrave grew so did the town of Leicester. In 1891 the parish had a population of 11,405. On 31 October 1891 most of the parish became part of the County Borough of Leicester, on 26 March 1896 the parish was abolished to form Leicester.

The area continued to expand with some of the earlier 19th century houses being replaced by 1930s semis. By the 1960s and 1970s large parts of Belgrave were cleared of the old Victorian terraced houses including Mellor School, the Baptist Church on Loughborough Road and Claremont Street Methodist Church, and were replaced with more modern structures.

In 1975 the old area of the village was declared a Conservation area, and it is this area that represents the nucleus of the ancient village.

Mountsorrel he mounted at,

Rodely he rode by,

Onelep he leaped o'er,

At Birstall he burst his gall,

At Belgrave he was buried at. Folk rhyme about a giant called Bell who boasted that he could reach Leicester in three leaps, mentioning Belgrave, the city suburb in this direction and mentioning Wanlip, a nearby village as Onelep, a pun on "One Leap".

Business and commerce
Belgrave based British United Shoe Machinery, formed around the turn of the 20th century as a subsidiary of United Shoe Machinery Company of the United States, became part of a group which for most of the 20th century was the world's largest manufacturer of footwear machinery and materials, exporting shoe machinery to more than 50 countries. In the 1960s and 1970s, it was Leicester's biggest employer employing more than 4,500 locally and 9,500 worldwide. Most of the workforce was recruited via an apprentice scheme which trained a large proportion of Leicester's engineers. The company had "a respected reputation for technical innovation and excellence", between 1898 and 1960, it developed and marketed nearly 800 new and improved shoe machines and patented more than 9,000 inventions, at one time employing 5% of the UK's patent agents.

Parker Plant in Belgrave opened in 1911 inside a single railway arch. The business relocated to an 18-acre site in 1926. In the 1950s, 60s and 70s they were employing over 1,400 people to meet demand. In 1969, 1978 and in 1994 the business won the prestigious Queen's Award for Enterprise. In 2006 Universal Conveyors was acquired and in 2007 Phoenix Parker Holdings Ltd was formed. In 2014 Phoenix Transworld, Cartem & Universal Conveyors marketed under the Parker brand.

Bostik is in Belgrave as well as the Fred Perry clothing label having been in Belgrave.

Demographics
The area, since the 1970s, has had a large Asian population and is now predominately Asian.

According to the 2001 UK census, 104 Pacific Island born people were residing in Belgrave, with many more being of Pacific Islander descent. This is the largest number for any location in the UK.

As of the 2011 census
The population of Belgrave was 11,558 and is made up of approximately 51% females and 49% males.

The average age of people in Belgrave is 36, while the median age is lower at 34.

43.0% of people living in Belgrave were born in England. Other top answers for country of birth were 28.4% India, 5.6% Kenya, 3.2% Sri Lanka, 1.6% Africa not otherwise specified, 0.8% Pakistan, 0.6% Zimbabwe, 0.4% Somalia, 0.3% Bangladesh, 0.2% Scotland.

46.7% of people living in Belgrave speak English as their main language. The other top languages spoken are 35.8% Gujarati, 4.3% Punjabi, 3.3% Tamil, 1.3% Portuguese, 0.9% South Asian Language, 0.9% Polish, 0.9% Hindi, 0.9% Urdu, 0.6% Somali.

The religious make up of Belgrave is 54.6% Hindu, 14.3% Christian, 14.1% Muslim, 6.4% No religion, 5.5% Sikh, 0.3% Buddhist. 443 people did not state a religion. Four people identified as Jedi knights.

48.1% of people are married, 4.0% cohabit with a member of the opposite sex, 0.5% live with a partner of the same sex, 28.9% are single and have never married or been in a registered same sex partnership, 7.5% are separated or divorced. There are 487 widowed people living in Belgrave.

The top occupations listed by people in Belgrave are Elementary at 20.6%, Process, plant and machine operatives at 18.7%, Elementary administration and service at 14.3%, Sales and customer service at 13.1%, Sales at 10.7%, Sales Assistants and Retail Cashiers at 9.8%, Administrative and secretarial at 9.6%, Caring, leisure and other service at 9.2% and Process Operatives at 8.5%.

Schools in the area
Primary schools: Belgrave St Peter's Church of England Primary, Mellor Community Primary, Catherine Infants and Catherine Juniors, St Patrick's Catholic Primary, Abbey Primary and Rushey Mead Primary.

Secondary schools:

Rushey Mead Academy, which is the best state-funded secondary school in Leicester and Leicestershire and Soar Valley College.

College:

Leicester College – Abbey Park Campus.

Places of interest

 * Belgrave Hall – An-18th century Hall owned at one point by the MP and Businessman John Ellis. It is known for its paranormal happenings and has been subject to world media attention. It was a museum but is now an events venue and is occasionally used for public events with the gardens opening periodically throughout the year.
 * The Belgrave Conservation Area – Includes Belgrave Hall, St Peter's Church and The Talbot Inn.
 * The Golden Mile – Known for the many Indian shops along it, including gold jewellery, food and saree shops. This road is at the centre of annual Diwali celebrations in the city, having rows of lights that are switched on in front of tens of thousands of visitors each year.
 * The National Space Centre – museum and educational resource covering the fields of space science and astronomy, containing the United Kingdom's largest planetarium.
 * Space Park Leicester – a pioneering £100 million research, innovation and teaching hub for space-related high-tech companies and researchers focussing primarily on research, development and applications of space.
 * Abbey Pumping Station – a science and technology museum.
 * Abbey Park – Leicester’s premier park in which the River Soar runs through.
 * The Peepul Centre – a multi-use facility.
 * Leicester Outdoor Pursuits Centre – a sports facility aside the River Soar.

Scenery
The River Soar runs along the west of Belgrave.

Area
The electoral ward of Rushey Mead contains a part of Belgrave meaning that despite the actual geographical location that specific area may also be classed as being in Rushey Mead by virtue of the electoral ward mapping.

Major roads
Belgrave is located on, at the start of and at the south end of the A607 and is also on the A6 and the A563.

Bus
First Leicester service 4 and 21 serve Belgrave on the A607 and Catherine Street respectively.

First Leicester services 25 and 26 travel along Belgrave Gate with service 25 going through the Old Village and service 26 going by Abbey Park and by the Old Village.

Arriva Midlands services 5, 5A and 6 all serve the A607 whilst Arriva Midlands service 127 serves Loughborough Road, travelling by the Old Village.

All bus services operate along or by the Golden Mile from and into Leicester City Centre.

The nearest bus stations, both in Leicester City Centre are the Haymarket and St Margaret's.

Train
The nearest train station is Leicester railway station.

The Midland Main Line runs along at the east of Belgrave.

Leicester Belgrave Road railway station and Belgrave and Birstall railway station are both now closed.

Airport
The nearest airport is East Midlands Airport, in Leicestershire and 19.2 miles away from Belgrave.

Politics
Belgrave is located within the Leicester East parliament constituency, a seat held by the Conservative Party since 2024. Labour Party consistently held the seat between 1987 and 2024, but lost the seat to the outgoing Conservative government, despite a landslide victory across the country for the Labour Party in that particular election.

The Belgrave electoral ward is currently represented on Leicester City Council by Labour Councillors Padmini Chamund, Nita Solanki and Mahendra Mohanbhai Valand.

The electoral ward of Rushey Mead includes parts of Belgrave.

Former Councillors for Belgrave include Archibald Berridge and Ramnik Kavia, both of whom served as Lord Mayors of Leicester, Colin Hall, the city's Lord Mayor from 2010 to 2011 and a resident of the area since 1968 and Manjula Sood, Britain's first Asian woman Lord Mayor.

Belgrave was represented within the East Midlands parliamentary constituency in the European Parliament.

Sport
Belgrave Road Cycle and Cricket Ground in Belgrave was a sports ground which hosted early matches of Leicester Fosse, who re-formed as Leicester City and Leicester Tigers. The ground was opened on 5 May 1880 by Edwyn Sherard Burnaby, the MP for Leicestershire North as a 10-acre site with mile long running and cycling tracks, cricket and football pitches and hosted Leicester Tigers first official game against Moseley on 23 October of that year. The Tigers moved from Belgrave in January 1881 before moving back for the 1882/83 season. Leicester Fosse, a forerunner of Leicester City played soccer at the ground for the 1887/88 season, their fourth, however only lasted one season before their outbidding for use of the ground by Leicester Tigers. In June 1881 it also hosted Leicestershire County Cricket Club against an All England XI. It opened in 1880 and closed in 1901 when houses, shops and part of the British United Shoe Machinery were built on the site.

Notable people

 * John Ellis - MP for Leicester, businessman, Chairman of Midland Railway, noted liberal reformer and Quaker and a former owner and resident, along with his family of Belgrave Hall.
 * Jennie Fletcher – British competitive swimmer, Olympic gold medallist and former world record holder – born in Belgrave.
 * Tony Sibson – Professional boxer and former European and Commonwealth middleweight champion – lived in and went to school in Belgrave.
 * David Weston – artist and author – born in Belgrave.
 * Tom Sidwell – cricketer – born in Belgrave.
 * George Walton – cricketer – born and died in Belgrave.

title: Belgrave, Leicester


text:
The Magus (novel)

The Magus (1965) is a postmodern novel by British author John Fowles, telling the story of Nicholas Urfe, a young British graduate who is teaching English on a small Greek island. Urfe becomes embroiled in the psychological illusions of a master trickster, which become increasingly dark and serious. Considered an example of metafiction, it was the first novel written by Fowles but his second novel to be published. A revised edition was published in 1977.

In 1999, The Magus was ranked on both lists of Modern Library 100 Best Novels, reaching number 93 on the editors' list and number 71 on the readers' list. In 2003, the novel was listed at number 67 on the BBC's survey The Big Read.

Background
The Magus was the first book John Fowles wrote, but his third to be published, after The Collector (1963) and The Aristos (1964). He started writing it in the 1950s, under the original title of The Godgame. He based it partly on his experiences on the Greek island of Spetses, where he taught English for two years at the Anargyrios School. He worked on it for twelve years before its publication in 1965. Despite critical and commercial success, he continued to rework it, publishing a final revision in 1977.

Plot summary
The story reflects the perspective of Nicholas Urfe, a young Oxford graduate and aspiring poet. After graduation, he briefly works as a teacher at a small school, but becomes bored and decides to leave England. While looking for another job, Nicholas takes up with Alison Kelly, a young Australian woman he meets at a party in London. He goes on to accept a post teaching English at the Lord Byron School on the Greek island of Phraxos. After beginning his new post, he becomes bored, depressed, disillusioned and overwhelmed by his life on the Mediterranean island; Nicholas struggles with loneliness and contemplates suicide. While habitually wandering around the island, he stumbles upon an estate and soon meets its owner, Maurice Conchis, a wealthy Greek recluse. They develop a sort of friendship, and Conchis slowly reveals that he may have collaborated with the Nazis during World War II.

Nicholas is gradually drawn into Conchis's psychological games, his paradoxical views on life, his mysterious persona and his eccentric masques. At first, Nicholas takes these machinations of Conchis, what the novel terms the "godgame", to be a joke, but they grow more elaborate and intense. Nicholas loses his ability to determine what is real and what is artifice. Against his will and knowledge, he becomes a performer in the godgame. Eventually, Nicholas realises that the re-enactments of the Nazi occupation, the absurd playlets after Sade, and the obscene parodies of Greek myths are not about Conchis's life, but his own.

Main

 * Nicholas Urfe – the protagonist, a 26-year-old Englishman who goes to Greece to teach English and one day stumbles upon "the waiting room"
 * Alison Kelly – Nicholas' recent Australian girlfriend, whom he abandons to go to Greece
 * Maurice Conchis – a wealthy intellectual who is a main player in the masques
 * Lily Montgomery / Julie Holmes / Vanessa Maxwell – a young woman who is involved in the masques and with whom Nicholas falls in love

Other

 * Joe – a young black American, involved in the masques
 * Maria – Conchis's maid
 * Demetriades – a fellow teacher at the school
 * Lily de Seitas (older) – Lily's mother
 * Rose de Seitas – Lily's identical twin sister
 * Benji de Seitas – the younger brother of the Seitas twins
 * Kemp – an unmarried woman who rents Nicholas a room in London
 * Jojo – a young girl whom Nicholas pays to accompany him

Story characters

 * de Deukans
 * Gustav Nygaard
 * Henrik Nygaard
 * Anton
 * Wimmel

Ending
The book ends indeterminately. Fowles received many letters from readers wanting to know which of the two apparently possible outcomes occur. He refused to answer the question conclusively, however, sometimes changing his answer to suit the inquirer. The novel ends quoting the refrain of the Pervigilium Veneris, an anonymous work of fourth-century Latin poetry, which has been taken as indicating the possible preferred resolution of the ending's ambiguity.

Literary precedents
John Fowles wrote an article about his experiences in the island of Spetses and their influence on the book. He acknowledged some literary works as influences in his foreword to the 1977 revised edition of The Magus, including Alain-Fournier's Le Grand Meaulnes, for showing a secret hidden world to be explored, and Richard Jefferies's Bevis (1882), for projecting a very different world. In the revised edition, Fowles referred to a "Miss Havisham", a likely reference to the character Miss Havisham in Charles Dickens's Great Expectations (1861).

Critical reception

 * "A major work of mounting tensions in which the human mind is the guinea-pig ... Mr. Fowles has taken a big swing at a difficult subject and his hits ... are on the bull's eye" (Sunday Telegraph)
 * "A deliciously toothsome celebration of wanton story-telling ... Before one quite realises what is happening, one finds oneself no less avid for meanings and no less starving amid a plethora of clues than is Nicholas himself" (Sunday Times)
 * "A splendidly sustained piece of mystification ... such as could otherwise only have been devised by a literary team fielding the Marquis de Sade, Arthur Edward Waite, James George Frazer, Gurdjieff, Madame Blavatsky, C.G. Jung, Aleister Crowley, and Franz Kafka" (Financial Times)
 * The novel was featured on the Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Novels: It ranked as No. 71 on the Readers' List and No. 93 on the Critics' List of the top 100 novels.

Representation in other media
In Jasper Fforde's comic detective novel The Well of Lost Plots (part of the Thursday Next series), The Magus wins the "Most Incomprehensible Plot" Award at the annual "Bookie" Awards, the awards programme that characters in literature give one another.

Film adaptation
The novel was adapted for film with a screenplay by Fowles, directed by Guy Green, and released in 1968. It starred Michael Caine as Nicholas Urfe, Anthony Quinn as Maurice Conchis, Anna Karina as Alison, Candice Bergen as Lily / Julie, and Julian Glover as Anton. It was filmed on the island of Majorca. The adaptation generally was considered a failure as film; when Peter Sellers was asked whether he would make changes in his life if he had the opportunity to do it all over again, he jokingly replied, "I would do everything exactly the same except I wouldn't see The Magus."

Caine said that it was one of the worst films in which he had been involved because no one knew what it was about. Despite the critical failure, the film was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography.

BBC Radio 4 broadcast in 2016 a dramatization by Adrian Hodges, with Charles Dance in the role of Conchis.

In 2020, a new television miniseries adaptation of The Magus was announced to be in development at Neal Street Productions, with Johan Renck being looked at to direct based on a screenplay written by Tom Edge.

title: The Magus (novel)


text:
Talk:Fear of a Black Planet

Comments
I have something on my mind that the track "Burn Hollywood Burn" was prohibited during the 1st Iraq War. Does anybody know if there's anything true in that story? Thanks!

Is it Hank or Keith Shocklee who has the majority of the songwriting credits? It's pretty confusing... And does Rodgers - credited for "Leave This Off Your Fu*kin Charts" - refer to Norman Rogers? Richaod 02:26, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

"Alternative band Duran Duran"
Say what..? Duran Duran had heaps of hits anywhere else but in America and are pretty much mainstream. Why are they described as "alternative"? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Vince In Milan (talk • contribs) 02:40, 22 October 2009 (UTC)

Saul Williams Blocked?
I tried to add a note to this page that Saul Williams' song "Tr(n)igger" on his Inevitable Rise and Liberation Of Niggy Tardust album uses a sample from PE's "Welcome to the Terrordome", and I got blocked. Not sure why, but it seems to have been a misunderstanding.

The Washington Post review
Transciption using Google News Advanced News Archive Search. The Washington Post (Harrington, Richard. g.03. April 15, 1990) review of Fear of a Black Planet (1990):

"If Public Enemy's new album "Fear of a Black Planet" were a letter to the editor, it probably wouldn't get printed. For the radical rap group, this is Word War III, and while the targets are assorted status quos-with institutional racism, white supremacy and the power elite crowding the bull's-eye-the sonic assault is as uniform as the angry energy that fuels and informs this 20-cut alarm. However, the album balances the critical with the positive with songs such as "Brothers Gonna Work It Out," "Power to the People," "Revolutionary Generation" (in which PE compensates for previous misogyny by celebrating the strength and endurance of black women) and "Fight the Power," which concludes an album full of "rhymes designed to fill your mind."

"Fear of a Black Planet" also contains "Welcome to the Terrordome," the dense single that set off a fresh storm of controversy last winter over what some groups dubbed antisemitic lines. "Terrordome" is [Chuck D]'s perspective on PE in 1989, certainly a turbulent year with all the criticism following inflammatory comments by Professor Griff, a nonperforming member of the group ("subordinate terror kickin' off in error," Chuck D intones). He has said that the questioned lines were a response to incessant media attacks on a group burdened by remarks it didn't make. The song is far more critical of blacks than it is of Jews: "Every brother ain't a brother 'cause a Black hand squeezed on Malcolm X the man the shootin of Huey Newton from the hand of Nig who pulled the trigger." "Terrordome" also addresses the slaying of Yusuf Hawkins and the Virginia Beach riot and chides those who "blame somebody else when you destroy yourself." If you search out words or lines to take issue with-if you insist on literal interpretation of words or deny the allusive and alliterative stylings central to rap-you'll find them.

The album closes with a power duo of "War at 33 1/3" and "Fight the Power," the latter having served as the theme song for Spike Lee's "Do the Right Thing." Like the album itself, these songs may sound like a call to ohms and arms, but they are really a call to action ("turn us loose and we shall overcome"), a message to conscience and a plea for unity ("move as team, never move alone," both cautionary advice and game plan).

It powers, and is in turn powered by, the thick, textured sonics provided by the Bomb Squa production team-Hank Shocklee, Carl Ryder, Eric Sadler and Keith Shocklee. That raw sound wave envelops everything-samples, snippets of speeches and talk shows, drum machines and living percussion, electric guitar and brass, all tangled up and pushing for attention. Public Enemy has always stood by the political implications of its music, and while raising political consciousness, sparking self-awareness and challenging the very foundations of institutional racism must be both daunting and thankless, on "Fear of a Black Planet" the group shows it's willing to work on the edge, without a safety net. This album is less a revolutionary gesture than a challenge. How it's met depends on how it's understood."

- Richard Harrington

Dan56 (talk) 10:05, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

Hatnote
I took out the hatnote about "Fear of a Blank Planet" on the theory that confusing this album with a more obscure one is rather unlikely, and that the main effect of the hatnote is to promote the other album (the article about the other album is also written in a somewhat promotional style). This was reverted -- I'm open to other opinions about whether the hatnote is justified or not, but in any case I certainly don't see it as "clearly appropriate" per the reversion's edit summary. I do think that the hatnote from the other article pointing back at this one is fine, because of the higher likelihood of confusion in the opposite direction. 66.127.55.46 (talk) 23:11, 17 May 2012 (UTC)

 * First of all, what do you mean by "promotional style"? I wrote this article, revamping it from inferior class/quality, and it passed GAN smoothly. Second of all, it seems appropriate if the only different in the title is a subtle, one-letter different. Not practical? Per WP:Hatnote, it's appropriate for two articles with similar titles. Dan56 (talk) 04:58, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
 * This present article is very good and I'm thankful for your work on it. The article with IMHO promotional style is Fear of a Blank Planet, the target of the hatnote, whose very title was designed as another band's attempt to cash in on the fame of Fear of a Black Planet.  That's why I removed the hatnote, because I don't see confusion as likely, so the main effect of the hatnote is to promote the other article (and therefore the other album) to people who otherwise weren't looking for it.  However, I'll defer to your judgment.  66.127.55.46 (talk) 05:08, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 15:00, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Fear of a Black Planet. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://bringthenoisesimonreynolds.blogspot.com/2007/10/bring-noise-deleted-scene-24-public.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 09:46, 4 July 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Fear of a Black Planet. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120106054126/http://www.ferris.edu/JIMCROW/question/mar06/ to http://www.ferris.edu/JIMCROW/question/mar06/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:35, 29 September 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fear of a Black Planet


text:
Grofri

Grofri was a brand of cars manufactured in Austria from 1921 to 1931 (1924 to 1927 under licence from the French Amilcar). SV 903 cc or 1074 cc four-cylinder engines were used in these sporting cyclecars. Racing versions were also made, some of them with Roots superchargers. The Gross & Friedmann house in Altzerdorf near Vienna manufactured these vehicles.

The racing cars were successful, particularly in hillclimbs. Successful race car driver Max Hoffmann (later known for introducing the United States to imports such as the Volkswagen, the Porsche 356, and the BMW) was selected as Grofri's factory driver. He continued racing until his final event, a 1936 hillclimb. Famous opera singer Käthe Rantzau also successfully ran a fast Grofri in hill races.

title: Grofri


text:
Tobacco Road (novel)

Tobacco Road is a 1932 novel by Erskine Caldwell about a dysfunctional family of Georgia sharecroppers during the Great Depression. Although often portrayed as a work of social realism, the novel contains many elements of black comedy and sensationalism which made it a subject of controversy following its publication. It was dramatized for Broadway by Jack Kirkland in 1933 and ran for eight years. A 1941 film version, played mainly for laughs, was directed by John Ford, with many of the darker plot elements altered or removed.

In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Tobacco Road number 91 on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. The novel was included in Life magazine's list of the 100 outstanding books of 1924–1944.

Tobacco Road has sold over 10 million copies.

Setting
Tobacco Road is set in rural Georgia during the worst years of the Great Depression. It depicts a family of poor white tenant farmers, the Lesters, as some of the many small Southern cotton farmers made redundant by the industrialization of production and the migration into cities. The main character of the novel is Jeeter Lester, an ignorant and sinful man who is redeemed by his love of the land and his faith in the fertility and promise of the soil.

The precise setting of the novel is unclear. The Jeeters' home is said at one point to be located on "the most desirable soil in the entire west-central part of Georgia", but other passages describe it as being close to the Savannah River and Augusta, which are in eastern Georgia. These references would appear to place their home in Richmond County, of which Augusta is the county seat. The county in which the Jeeters live is also said to be adjacent to Burke County, which Richmond County is. However, the county seat of the Jeeters' county is not Augusta but the fictional town of Fuller. The Jeeters are also said to live near the fictional town of McCoy.

Plot summary
Lov Bensey, a friend of the Lesters, walks to his home at the train yard coal chute. He has walked seven and a half miles to get a sack of winter turnips for 50 cents, which is half of his daily wage. On his way home, he stops by the Lesters to talk to Jeeter about Jeeter's 12-year-old daughter Pearl, to whom Lov is married. While Lov is talking to Jeeter, the book introduces the reader to 16-year-old Dude, the youngest of the Lester boys; Ada, Jeeter’s wife; Grandma Lester; and Ellie May, an 18-year-old girl with a grotesque cleft lip. The entire family, acting in complete desperation, works to steal the turnips from Lov, who then becomes nauseated by the sight and leaves for home.

At this point, the preacher Bessie enters the scene. Sister Bessie Rice, like Ellie May, also has a deformity of the face. Bessie’s nose contains no bone, and so when looking straight at her face one can see straight into her nostrils, like a pig. Despite this, Jeeter is still attracted to her. She does some preaching and praying for everyone’s sins, and then proposes marriage to Dude. However, Dude is more interested in her offer of letting him drive the new automobile that she anticipates purchasing than in actually marrying her. Bessie then goes home to her hovel to ask God whether or not she and Dude should get married.

Jeeter has lived on the same plot of land since he was born, and even though his standard of living continues to decline until he and his family begin to starve, Jeeter stubbornly refuses to move to the city to make a better life for himself by working in a cotton mill. Such a life, he insists, would be impossible for him to live.

Alongside Jeeter’s preoccupation with farming the land is his preoccupation with his own imminent death. Ada as well is fixated on her death, but their morbidity does not take the form of lamentation or self-pity. Ada's main concern is that she not be buried in her tattered, old, out-of-style calico dress, and Jeeter's main concern is that his body not be left in the old corn storage shed where it might be eaten by rats. He has had a terrible phobia of rats ever since he saw his dead father’s face half-eaten by a rat the day of his funeral. Neither of these two characters have any doubts that they are going to die sometime soon, and it is not their present life but their lifeless bodies which they care about most. Possibly they realize that their way of life is already dead; thus their primary concern becomes not the preservation of that life but its appearance during burial.

When Sister Bessie returns the next day to the Lester house, she exclaims that God has given her his approval for the marriage between Dude and herself. The two then start the long walk to Fuller in order to purchase a new Ford for the purpose of traveling around the country and preaching. Once they are in the auto showroom, the salesmen take advantage of Bessie's rural naïveté to pull off a quick and profitable sale, while at the same time constantly making fun of her deformed nose. Later, Dude and Bessie go off to get their marriage certificate and are questioned by the county official, who reprimands Bessie for attempting to marry a boy of 16 years. (Bessie claims she is only 31 years old to the Lesters, but admits to 39 years at the registrar's office.) Finally, they get the marriage license, and the anxious Dude gets to drive the automobile again. Dude incessantly sounds the car horn whenever he gets behind the steering wheel to drive off somewhere.

Over the course of the next two days, the automobile slowly gets wrecked more and more. First there is an accident with a wagon in which they end up killing the negro driver, and then Dude drives into a stump. The seats get torn by Jeeter’s blackjack wood, which he attempts to sell in the city of Augusta. The engine irreparably becomes damaged by being run without enough oil. On top of this, they sell the spare tire and wheel for three dollars in order to pay for gasoline, food, and a night at a disreputable hotel where Bessie willingly gets prostituted from room to room by the manager. Some days later Bessie refuses to let Jeeter ride in her car anymore, which makes him upset to the point of kicking her off the land. When she physically attacks him, Ada and Jeeter proceed to beat Bessie and poke her with sticks until she and Dude take off in the car.

While fleeing from Ada and Jeeter’s onslaught, Dude backs the Ford right over Grandma Lester, who then lies with her face mashed into the sand, near dead. Lov runs down to see Jeeter, and asks him if he knows what happened to Pearl, who had run away to Augusta to be free of Lov and the bleak and desperate country life surrounding her. Jeeter notes that more than a few of his daughters have run away to the city. After this discussion about the girls running away, the two notice Grandma’s corpse and drag her into the field to dig her grave and bury her.

Lov departs and Caldwell reflects on Jeeter's position as a tenant farmer in the South. Even though Jeeter, like so many others around him, had the urge to plant a crop during this time of the year, there was nothing he could do. His landlord was an absentee who abandoned Jeeter and the rest of those who had lived on his land and given him shares of their crop in exchange for credit for seeds and fertilizer. The stores in the city would not grant any more credit to Jeeter or any of the other farmers because it was too risky and there were too many asking for it.

Jeeter sets a fire to burn off broom sedge and hopes somehow to find enough credit to farm his land that spring. As Jeeter and Ada sleep, sparks from the fire ignite the shingles of their house, which burns to the ground, killing them in their sleep. As the novel closes, Dude makes his first mention of working: He voices the same thoughts of plowing the Lester land that Jeeter had expressed throughout the story, indicating that the vicious cycle in which poor Southern farmers such as the Lesters are trapped continues.

title: Tobacco Road (novel)


text:
Para-Methoxyamphetamine

para-Methoxyamphetamine (PMA), also known as 4-methoxyamphetamine (4-MA), is a designer drug of the amphetamine class with serotonergic effects. Unlike other similar drugs of this family, PMA does not produce stimulant, euphoriant, or entactogen effects, and behaves more like an antidepressant in comparison, though it does have some psychedelic properties.

PMA has been found in tablets touted as MDMA (ecstasy)   although its effects are markedly different compared to those of MDMA. The consequences of such deception have often included hospitalization and death for unwitting users. PMA is commonly synthesized from anethole, the flavor compound of anise and fennel, mainly because the starting material for MDMA, safrole, has become less available due to law enforcement action, causing illicit drug manufacturers to use anethole as an alternative.

Adverse effects
PMA has been associated with numerous adverse reactions including death. Effects of PMA ingestion include many effects of the hallucinogenic amphetamines including accelerated and irregular heartbeat, blurred vision, and a strong feeling of intoxication that is often unpleasant. At high doses unpleasant effects such as nausea and vomiting, severe hyperthermia and hallucinations may occur. The effects of PMA also seem to be much more unpredictable and variable between individuals than those of MDMA, and sensitive individuals may die from a dose of PMA by which a less susceptible person might only be mildly affected. While PMA alone may cause significant toxicity, the combination of PMA with MDMA has a synergistic effect that seems to be particularly hazardous. Since PMA has a slow onset of effects, several deaths have occurred where individuals have taken a pill containing PMA, followed by a pill containing MDMA some time afterwards due to thinking that the first pill was not active.

Overdose
PMA overdose can be a serious medical emergency that may occur at only slightly above the usual recreational dose range, especially if PMA is mixed with other stimulant drugs such as cocaine or MDMA. Characteristic symptoms are pronounced hyperthermia, tachycardia, and hypertension, along with agitation, confusion, and convulsions. PMA overdose also tends to cause hypoglycaemia and hyperkalaemia, which can help to distinguish it from MDMA overdose. Complications can sometimes include more serious symptoms such as rhabdomyolysis and cerebral hemorrhage, requiring emergency surgery. There is no specific antidote, so treatment is symptomatic, and usually includes both external cooling, and internal cooling via IV infusion of cooled saline. Benzodiazepines are used initially to control convulsions, with stronger anticonvulsants such as phenytoin or thiopental used if convulsions continue. Blood pressure can be lowered either with a combination of alpha blockers and beta blockers (or a mixed alpha/beta blocker), or with other drugs such as nifedipine or nitroprusside. Serotonin antagonists and dantrolene may be used as required. Despite the seriousness of the condition, the majority of patients survive if treatment is given in time, however, patients with a core body temperature over 40 °C at presentation tend to have a poor prognosis.

Pharmacology
PMA acts as a selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA) with weak effects on dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. However, relative to MDMA, it is considerably less effective as a releaser of serotonin with properties more akin to a reuptake inhibitor in comparison. It evokes robust hyperthermia in rodents while producing only modest hyperactivity and serotonergic neurotoxicity, substantially lower than that caused by MDMA, and only at very high doses. Accordingly, it is not self-administered by rodents unlike amphetamine and MDMA, and anecdotal reports by humans suggest it is not particularly euphoric at all, perhaps even dysphoric in contrast. PMA has also been shown to act as a potent, reversible inhibitor of the enzyme MAO-A with no significant effects on MAO-B, and the combination of this property and serotonin release is likely responsible for its high lethality potential.

It appears that PMA elevates body temperatures dramatically; the cause of this property is suspected to be related to its ability to inhibit MAO-A and at the same time releasing large amounts of serotonin, effectively causing serotonin syndrome. Amphetamines, especially serotonergic analogues such as MDMA, are strongly contraindicated to take with MAOIs. Many amphetamines and adrenergic compounds raise body temperatures, whereas some tend to produce more euphoric activity or peripheral vasoconstriction, and may tend to favor one effect over another. It appears that PMA activates the hypothalamus much more strongly than MDMA and other drugs like ephedrine, thereby causing rapid increases in body temperature (which is the major cause of death in PMA mortalities). Many people taking PMA try to get rid of the heat by taking off their clothes, taking cold showers or wrapping themselves in wet towels, and even sometimes by shaving off their hair.

History
PMA first came into circulation in the early 1970s, where it was used intentionally as a substitute for the hallucinogenic properties of LSD. It went by the street names of "Chicken Powder" and "Chicken Yellow" and was found to be the cause of a number of drug overdose deaths (the dosages taken being in the range of hundreds of milligrams) in the United States and Canada from that time. Between 1974 and the mid-1990s, there appear to have been no known fatalities from PMA.

Several deaths reported as MDMA-induced in Australia in the mid-1990s are now considered to have been caused by PMA, the users unaware that they were ingesting PMA and not MDMA as they had intended. There have been a number of PMA-induced deaths around the world since then.

In July 2013, seven deaths in Scotland were linked to tablets containing PMA that had been mis-sold as ecstasy and which had the Rolex crown logo on them. Several deaths in Northern Ireland, Particularly East Belfast were also linked to "Green Rolex" pills during that month.

In 2014, 2015 and early 2016, PMA sold as ecstasy was the cause of more deaths in the United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Argentina. The pills containing the drug were reported to be red triangular tablets with a "Superman" logo.

The Red Ferarri pills are a new press of the Superman logo tablets that were reported to be found in Germany and Norway from 2016 to 2017.

International
PMA is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.

Australia
PMA is considered a Schedule 9 prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (October 2015). A Schedule 9 substance is a substance which may be abused or misused, the manufacture, possession, sale or use of which should be prohibited by law except when required for medical or scientific research, or for analytical, teaching or training purposes with approval of Commonwealth and/or State or Territory Health Authorities.

Finland
Substance is scheduled in decree of the government on amending the government decree on substances, preparations and plants considered to be narcotic drugs.

Germany
PMA is part of the Appendix 1 of the Betäubungsmittelgesetz. Therefore, owning and distribution of PMA is illegal.

Netherlands
On 13 June 2012 Edith Schippers, Dutch Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport, revoked the legality of PMA in the Netherlands after five deaths were reported in that year.

United Kingdom
PMA is a Class A drug in the UK.

United States
PMA is classified as a Schedule I hallucinogen under the Controlled Substances Act in the United States.

Distribution
Because PMA is given out through the same venues and distribution channels that MDMA tablets are, the risk of being severely injured, hospitalized or even dying from use of ecstasy increases significantly when a batch of ecstasy pills containing PMA starts to be sold in a particular area. PMA pills could be a variety of colours or imprints, and there is no way of knowing just from the appearance of a pill what drug(s) it might contain. Notable batches of pills containing PMA have included Louis Vuitton, Mitsubishi Turbo, Blue Transformers, Red/Blue Mitsubishi and Yellow Euro pills. Also PMA has been found in powder form.

Analogues
Four analogues of PMA have been reported to be sold on the black market, including PMMA, PMEA, 4-ETA and 4-MTA. These are the N-methyl, N-ethyl, 4-ethoxy and 4-methylthio analogues of PMA, respectively. PMMA and PMEA are anecdotally weaker, more "ecstasy-like" and somewhat less dangerous than PMA itself, but can still produce nausea and hyperthermia similar to that produced by PMA, albeit at slightly higher doses. 4-EtOA was briefly sold in Canada in the 1970s, but little is known about it. 4-MTA, however, is even more dangerous than PMA and produces strong serotonergic effects and intense hyperthermia, but with little to no euphoria, and was implicated in several deaths in the late 1990s.

title: Para-Methoxyamphetamine


text:
Zara-class cruiser

The Zara class was a group of four heavy cruisers built for the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) in the late 1920s and the early 1930s. The class comprised the vessels ITALIAN CRUISER Zara, ITALIAN CRUISER Fiume, ITALIAN CRUISER Gorizia, and ITALIAN CRUISER Pola, the last of which was completed to a slightly different design. The ships were a substantial improvement over the preceding Trento-class cruisers, incorporating significantly heavier armor protection at the cost of the very high speed of the Trentos. They carried the same main battery of eight 203 mm guns and had a maximum speed of 32 kn. Among the best-protected heavy cruisers built by any navy in the 1930s, the heavy armor was acquired only by violating the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty, which limited cruiser displacement to 10000 LT.

All four ships served with the main fleet in the interwar period, where they were primarily occupied with training exercises and fleet reviews. During the Spanish Civil War, Gorizia evacuated Italian nationals and Pola took part in non-intervention patrols. All four ships supported the Italian invasion of Albania in April 1939, shortly before the outbreak of World War II. After Italy joined the wider conflict in 1940, the four ships saw extensive action in the Mediterranean Sea against British forces. The ships took part in the battles of Calabria and Cape Matapan, and in the latter engagement, Zara, Pola, and Fiume were all sunk in a one-sided night action with three British battleships.

Gorizia continued in service, seeing further action at the First and Second Battles of Sirte. She was seriously damaged by American heavy bombers in April 1943 and towed to La Spezia, where she was still under repair when Italy surrendered in September. Germany seized the ship when they occupied the port, and Italian commandos unsuccessfully attempted to sink her in June 1944. In poor condition by the end of the war, the postwar Italian Navy decided to sell the ship for scrap in 1947.

Design
While the preceding Trento-class cruiser of heavy cruisers were still being built, elements of the Italian naval command began to doubt the effectiveness of the new vessels, which sacrificed armor protection in favor of very high speeds. They advocated a more balanced design that would incorporate more comprehensive armor, with a main belt that was 200 mm thick, while retaining the battery of eight 203 mm guns and a speed of at least 32 kn. The designers quickly found that these characteristics could not be incorporated into a vessel that remained within the 10000 LT limit imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty. The naval command agreed to allow the new ships to exceed the displacement limits, but instructed the designers to eliminate unnecessary features to save as much weight as possible. As a result, the belt armor was reduced in thickness and the planned torpedo tubes were removed. The flush deck of the Trentos was abandoned, with the ships instead incorporating a forecastle deck and a stepped-down main deck. In addition, the Zara design would be powered by just two propellers driven by lightweight machinery, unlike the four-shaft arrangement used in the Trentos. Nevertheless, the ships still exceeded the displacement limit by at least 1300 LT. By 1928, the work was finished on what would become the Zara class, and the first two ships, ITALIAN CRUISER Zara and ITALIAN CRUISER Fiume, were ordered for the 1928–1929 building program. ITALIAN CRUISER Gorizia followed in the 1929–1930 construction year, and ITALIAN CRUISER Pola was ordered under the 1930–1931 program. All four ships were named for formerly Austro-Hungarian cities that were annexed to Italy in the aftermath of World War I.

General characteristics

The ships of the Zara class were 179.6 m long at the waterline and 182.8 m long overall. They had a beam of 20.62 m and a draft of 7.2 m. The ships had a standard displacement of 11326 to 11712 LT, and displaced 13944 to 14330 LT at full load, with Fiume being the lightest of the four and Gorizia the heaviest. The first three ships were built with light superstructures as a weight saving measure, but Pola, intended to serve as a flagship, received a much larger bridge structure to accommodate an admiral's staff. All four ships received two tripod masts, with the forward mast erected over the bridge. They had a crew of 841 officers and enlisted men. The ships carried a pair of IMAM Ro.43 seaplanes for aerial reconnaissance; the hangar was located under the forecastle and a fixed catapult was mounted on the centerline at the bow.

The ships' power plant consisted of two Parsons steam turbines powered by eight oil-fired Thornycroft boilers, with the exception of Fiume, which received Yarrow boilers. The boilers were trunked into two funnels amidships. Their engines were rated at 95000 shp and produced a top speed of 32 kn, though on sea trials all four vessels significantly exceeded those figures, reaching a minimum of 118000 shp and speeds of 33 to 34 kn. Nevertheless, in service, their practical speeds were in the range of 31 to 32 kn. The vessels each carried 2300 to 2400 LT of fuel oil, which allowed them to steam for 4850 to 5400 nmi at a cruising speed of 16 kn. When operating at maximum speed, their operational radius fell to 1150 to 1900 nmi, though due to the fact that Italian naval vessels were intended to operate only within the narrow confines of the Mediterranean Sea, their relatively short cruising range was not a significant problem.

Armament and armor

The Zaras were armed with a main battery of eight 203 mm Mod 29 53-caliber guns in four gun turrets. The turrets were arranged in superfiring pairs forward and aft. The guns fired 125 kg shells at a muzzle velocity of 3080 ft/s, with a rate of fire of about three and a half rounds per minute. The turrets allowed elevation to 45 degrees, which provided a maximum range of 34400 yd. Each ship carried 157 shells per gun. Like the Trentos, the Zara-class ships suffered from shell dispersion that hampered accuracy. The problem was in large part due to poor quality control in Italian munition factories, which failed to ensure tight manufacturing tolerances necessary for accurate shells. In addition, the single cradle mounts required the guns to be very close together; this caused the shells to interfere with each other in flight and contributed to the dispersion problem. In an attempt to rectify the dispersion problem, the guns were supplied with modified shells that fired at 900 m/s.

Anti-aircraft defense was provided by a battery of sixteen 100 mm 47-cal. guns in twin mounts, four Vickers-Terni 40 mm /39 guns in single mounts and eight 13.2 mm guns in twin mounts. The 100 mm guns were copies of Austro-Hungarian guns designed in 1910 by Škoda that were placed in newly designed dual-purpose mounts that elevated to 85 degrees for a maximum range of 15240 m. The ships' secondary battery was revised several times during their careers. Two of the 100 mm guns and all of the 40 mm guns were removed in the late 1930s and eight 37 mm 54-cal. guns were installed in their place. Two 120 mm 15-cal. star shell guns were added in 1940. In 1942, the star shell guns aboard Gorizia, by this time the only surviving member of the class, were replaced with four more 37 mm guns. The following year, a battery of fourteen 20 mm guns in six twin and two single mounts replaced the 13.2 mm machine guns.

The ships were protected with an armored citadel that covered the ships' vitals, including the machinery spaces and ammunition magazines. Vertical protection consisted of an armored belt that was 150 mm thick at the waterline and reduced to 100 mm at the bottom edge of the belt. Their main armor deck was 70 mm thick, and the box formed by the belt and deck was capped at either end by armored bulkheads that were 120 mm thick in the upper portion and 90 mm in the lower section. The main deck was supplemented with an upper deck that was 20 mm thick, which was intended to detonate the fuses of incoming shells before they struck the main deck; the upper deck was connected to an upper belt that was 30 mm thick. The gun turrets had 150 mm thick plating on the faces and the barbettes they sat in were also 150 mm thick. The main conning tower had 150 mm thick sides and an 80 mm thick roof.

The Zara class carried three times the armor protection of the preceding Trentos. Their heavy armor made the Zaras the best-protected cruisers until the introduction of the Des Moines-class cruiser, laid down in 1945 by the United States. This additional armor would have made the ships decidedly nose-heavy, so to offset this the rear of the ship was raised by one deck behind the front funnel. The result was excellent watertight integrity and protection.

Service history
After entering service in the early 1930s, the four members of the Zara class took part in training exercises with the Italian fleet and participated in fleet reviews held for foreign leaders, including Adolf Hitler of Nazi Germany and Miklós Horthy, the Regent of Hungary. Gorizia and Pola were involved in the Spanish Civil War; in 1936 Pola conducted non-intervention patrols and Gorizia carried Italian nationals from Gijon, Spain, to Le Verdon-sur-Mer, France that year. After departing France, Gorizia visited Germany, and on the way back, she suffered a major explosion in an aviation gasoline tank that forced her to put into Gibraltar for repairs. There, British shipyard inspectors discovered that the ship was grossly over the Washington Treaty's displacement restriction. In March 1939, all four ships sortied to prevent a squadron of Republican warships from reaching the Black Sea, forcing them to stop in Bizerte, Tunisia, where they were interned. The following month, Zara, Pola, and Gorizia provided gunfire support to Italian forces invading Albania.

The Zara-class cruisers saw extensive service during World War II, having taken part in several sorties to catch British convoys in the Mediterranean as the flagship of the 1st Division. At the Battle of Calabria in July 1940, torpedo bombers from the British aircraft carrier HMS Eagle (1918) attacked the Zara-class cruisers, but they failed to score any hits. The ships steamed ahead to the front of the Italian line of battle and joined the attack on the leading British battleship, HMS Warspite (03), but they scored no hits. British cruisers attacked as the Italians withdrew, but heavy fire from the Italian cruisers drove them off. All four ships escaped damage at the Battle of Taranto in November 1940. In March 1941 at the Battle of Cape Matapan, Pola was immobilized by a torpedo from a Swordfish torpedo bomber launched by the British aircraft carrier HMS Formidable (67); Zara and Fiume were detached from the rest of the fleet to protect Pola, and all three and a pair of destroyers were sunk in a close-range night engagement with the battleships HMS Barham (04), HMS Valiant (1914), and Warspite. Italian casualties were very heavy, with 783 killed aboard Zara, 328 killed aboard Pola, 812 aboard Fiume. The survivors, mostly from Pola, were rescued primarily by British destroyers, though Greek destroyers and an Italian hospital ship picked up others over the following few days.

Gorizia, the sole surviving member of the class, saw action at the First Battle of Sirte in December 1941 and Second Sirte in March 1942, where she was heavily engaged with British light cruisers and destroyers. As the action took place at very long range, neither side scored any hits. During this period, the ship also took part in convoy escort operations to supply Italian and German forces in North Africa. While the ship was moored in La Maddalena on 10 April 1943, a major attack from United States Army Air Forces heavy bombers sank the heavy cruiser ITALIAN CRUISER Trieste and hit Gorizia with three bombs, inflicting serious damage. She was still under repair in La Spezia when Italy surrendered to the Allies in September, and she was seized by German forces when they occupied much of the country. On 22 June 1944, Italian frogmen used Chariot manned torpedoes to enter the harbor and sink Gorizia and the heavy cruiser ITALIAN CRUISER Bolzano, which was also out of service due to battle damage, to prevent them from being used as blockships though Gorizia survived the attack. She was nevertheless sold for scrap in 1947, since it would have been cost-prohibitive to repair her.

title: Zara-class cruiser


text:
The Australian Women's Weekly

The Australian Women's Weekly, sometimes known as simply The Weekly, is an Australian monthly women's magazine published by Are Media in Sydney and founded in 1933. For many years it was the number one magazine in Australia before being outsold by the Australian edition of Better Homes and Gardens in 2014. , The Weekly has overtaken Better Homes and Gardens again, coming out on top as Australia's most read magazine. The magazine invested in the 2020 film I Am Woman about Helen Reddy, singer and feminist icon.

History and profile
The magazine was started in 1933 by Frank Packer and Ted Theodore as a weekly publication. The first editor was George Warnecke and the initial dummy was laid out by William Edwin Pidgeon who went on to do many famous covers over the next 25 years. It was to have two distinctive features; firstly, the newspaper's features would have an element of topicality, and secondly the magazine would appeal to all Australian women, regardless of class, and have a national focus. Wanting it to appeal to a mass audience, Warnecke hoped The Weekly would be a sign that Australia finally was coming out of the Depression. Jean Williamson was hired (moving from the Sydney Morning Herald) where she was surprised to find that she was the editor for "fiction". Soon letters were arriving from women who were obviously lonely and light fiction brought them comfort.

In the coming decades, The Weekly became Australia's foremost publisher of light fiction, mostly from England but also Australian, and though its readership was mostly women, many men were avid readers. Australian authors who were well supported include Margot Neville, Mary Gilmore, Lennie Lower, Ross Campbell, Frank Dalby Davison and Henrietta Drake-Brockman. Australian artists who enlivened the prose included W. E. Pidgeon, Virgil Reilly and Wynne W. Davies. The cartoon strip Mandrake the Magician was a longtime competitor to The Phantom in rival magazine The Australian Woman's Mirror. Both strips were the work of American cartoonist Lee Falk.

By 1961, the publication had a circulation of 800,000.

The Weekly celebrated its 50th anniversary of publication in June 1983 and its 75th anniversary in the October 2008 issue. Publishing and Broadcasting Limited (PBL) launched Women's Weekly versions in Singapore (1997) and Malaysia in 2000. The magazine in each country follows the Australian Weekly writing style, while its content is idiosyncratic to the country. In 2012 the parent company of the magazine, ACP Magazines, a subsidiary of Nine Entertainment, was acquired by the Bauer Media Group. Audited circulation under Nene King was 980,000. The 60th anniversary edition sold in excess of one-million. Audited circulation in June 2013 was 459,175 copies monthly. Readership numbers for September 2014 were estimated to be 1,828,000.

In mid-June 2020, the Sydney–based investment company Mercury Capital acquired The Australian Women's Weekly as part of its acquisition of Bauer Media's Australian and New Zealand magazine brands. In late September 2020, Mercury Capital rebranded Bauer Media as Are Media, which took over publication of the Woman's Weekly.

Cultural impact
The overall popularity of the magazine between the 1930s–1980s meant that articles and advertisements published in it were widely read across Australia, not only by women, but men as well. The magazine's power to influence and shape culture across the nation intersected with the rise of various women's and parenting issues. In a review of issues published between the 1930s–1980s, historians have argued that The Australian Women's Weekly promoted school uniforms for children at a time when school uniforms were not mandatory across the country. This promotion, mainly through targeted coverage of school aged children, shaped views of motherhood and child-rearing throughout Australia. Publications in the magazine focused on products, children's fashion, and celebrity children continue to shape readers views of motherhood and child-rearing.

Format and frequency
The magazine is usually 240 pages long and printed on glossy paper trimmed to A4 page size, although it was originally a tabloid in size and layout. It typically contains feature articles about the modern Australian woman. For many years, it included a lift-out TV guide.

In 1982, publication frequency was reduced from weekly to monthly. "Weekly" was retained in the name for reasons of familiarity and because a woman's "monthly" was a slang term for menstruation. The final weekly edition was dated 15 December 1982, followed by the first monthly edition dated January 1983. The TV guide was discontinued on introduction of the monthly format.

Editors
Editors-in-chief of The Weekly over the years have included George Warnecke (1933–1939), Alice Mabel Jackson (1939–1950), Esmé (Ezzie) Fenston (1950–1972), Dorothy Drain (1972–1975), Ita Buttrose (1975–76), Jennifer Rowe (1987–1992), Nene King, Dawn Swain (1994–2000), Deborah Thomas (1999–2015), Julia Zaetta (2005–06), Robyn Foyster (2007–2009), Helen McCabe (2009–2016), Kim Wilson (2016–17), Juliet Rieden (who was acting Editor-in-Chief in 2016 and 2017 and then Editor before moving to Editor-at-Large from 2018) and Nicole Byers (2017–2023).

Helen McCabe, the editor-in-chief from August 2009 until January 2016, attempted to improve The Weekly news coverage. In late 2009, she hired Juliet Rieden as deputy editor (Rieden was later promoted to Editor and Acting Editor-in-Chief) and Jordan Baker, formerly a reporter and travel writer for The Sydney Morning Herald, as news editor. In February 2016 Kim Wilson was named as the editor-in-chief of the magazine.

In July 2017, Nicole Byers was appointed Editor-in-Chief.

News editors included Les Haylen (from 1933) and Dorothy Drain (from 1958).

Recipes and cookbooks
The Australian Women's Weekly Test Kitchen (then known as the Leila Howard Test Kitchen) was established just after World War I. From 1965, it continued to be on the same site of the Australian Consolidated Press (ACP) building (corner of Park and Castlereagh Streets) in Sydney. The Test Kitchen's first 'Best Ever' recipes compilation was published in 1976, collating the most-requested recipes from the issues of the Weekly. The cookbook sold out in days and had many reprints.

The Test Kitchen had a team of 16 people in 2006, comprising chefs, home economists, food editors and support staff.

In 2012, ACP was sold to Bauer Media Group. The Test Kitchen triple-tests recipes which are then published in the magazine, as well as Woman's Day and the AWW cookbooks. Surveys have shown that over 90 per cent of readers buy the magazine for the recipes.

title: The Australian Women's Weekly


text:
Talk:Sacha Distel

Deserve
Doesn't old Sacha deserve better than this article as it is at present? --Tsinfandel (talk) 22:39, 8 November 2009 (UTC)

Strange word
Regarding this passage from the article, ...and once compered the Miss World contest in London., I wonder what the word compered is supposed to mean? I couldn't find it in any dictionary. I take it Distel didn't compete in Miss World? :-) --Wernher 13:59, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Compered means hosted. F W Nietzsche (talk) 02:48, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

Compère..
It should be compère, I'll edit. Compère is another word for the presenter of a show, specifically one who introduces the contestants. The word's usage is mainly British English. Hope that helps :)Girlintheyhat

Gossip
" He reputedly broke off the relationship with Bardot after discovering her with another man."

Supposing that is meant "reportedly", this part of the text rather belongs in a gossip-edition, than in an encyclopedia. It's unbelievable anyway; he won't have went to the cimema, to make his big discoverage? If just it wasn't another woman. Propose to remove it. James Blond 00:56, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Death
What was the cause? F W Nietzsche (talk) 02:49, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

Intestinal cancer, according to this article (the only reference I've been able to find);

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/1470420/Why-I-accepted-Sachas-string-of-affairs.html

It also mentions a serious road accident the singer was involved in and which caused his passenger serious and career-ending injuries. Meltingpot (talk) 19:27, 26 January 2017 (UTC)

Jazz guitar
There is not much about his recording career as a jazz guitarist. On Spotify, there is an album which he made with John Lewis who was the musical director of the Modern Jazz Quartet which featured three of the four men. The title is Afternoon in Paris: perhaps there should be an article about it. Guy (talk) 18:41, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

POV
Massive POV rv; should have been done much earlier. Rms125a@hotmail.com (talk) 13:48, 6 January 2010 (UTC)

language
Seems like the language used is somewhat unconventional; Could be updated to be more understandable. --RichardMills65 (talk) 20:38, 29 April 2012 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Sacha Distel. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090803132856/http://blogs.myspace.com/sachadistelofficiel to http://blogs.myspace.com/sachadistelofficiel

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 13:06, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 22:51, 27 September 2018 (UTC)
 * GerryDistel1977.jpg

Alexandre Sacha Distel
En France, n'importe qui peut obtenir gratuitement une copie intégrale de l'acte de naissance d'un(e) autre Français(e) âgé(e) de plus de 75 ans en le demandant au service d'état civil de la mairie où il/elle est né(e).

Aussi, le nom de naissance (birth name) de Sacha Distel est bien Alexandre Sacha Distel et non pas Alexandre "Sacha" Distel à la mode anglo-saxonne. (LV-balai (talk) 01:26, 25 May 2020 (UTC))

I say we let dead dogs lie, and discard the article
to summarize the article would be something like : 'Knight  of "easy listening" lied about affair with the lady who popularized the bikini'? If we don't have much beyond his marital infidelities to talk about.. why are we even talking about him?

I guess he is notable for being a knight? Or for having a few popular songs? He doesn't seem to meet the criteria for notability, to me. Basically, the only thing of note that we say is tabloid material. It feels sort of "gotcha", like the only significant thing he had done in his life was Miss Bardot, so to speak. I guess I'll raise the idea of eventual deletion, though I doubt many will agree.

Supporting my idea is that there are still articles with titles like this written now and then:

"Female Nobel prize winner deemed not important enough for Wikipedia entry - Site moderator rejected submission for Donna Strickland, the first female physics winner in 55 years, in March"

I'm not sure, but I bet this is the sort of thing that leads to 90% of Wikipedia editors being male. Know Einstein (talk) 05:19, 10 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sacha Distel