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Alan Bleasdale

Alan George Bleasdale (born 23 March 1946) is an English screenwriter, best known for social realist drama serials based on the lives of ordinary people. A former teacher, he has written for radio, stage and screen, and has also written novels. Bleasdale's plays typically represented a more realistic, contemporary depiction of life in Liverpool than was usually seen in the media.

Early life
Born in Liverpool, Bleasdale is an only child; his father worked in a food factory and his mother in a grocery shop. From 1951 to 1957, he went to the St. Aloysius Roman Catholic Infant and Junior Schools in Huyton-with-Roby outside Liverpool. From 1957 to 1964, he attended the Wade Deacon Grammar School in Widnes. In 1967, he obtained a teaching certificate from the Padgate College of Education in Warrington (which became Warrington Collegiate Institute, now part of the University of Chester).

For four years he worked as a teacher at St Columba's Secondary Modern School in Huyton from 1967 to 1971, then King George V School (now the King George V & Elaine Bernacchi School in Bikenibeu in South Tarawa) on the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (now called Kiribati) from 1971 to 1974, and lastly at Halewood Grange Comprehensive School (now known as Halewood College) in Halewood from 1974 to 1975. From 1975 to 1986, he worked as a playwright at the Liverpool Playhouse (becoming associate director) and the Contact Theatre in Manchester (a University of Manchester venue).

Broadcasting
Bleasdale's first successes came as the writer of radio dramas for the BBC; several of these plays followed the character of Scully, a young man from Liverpool, and were broadcast on BBC Radio Merseyside. Between 1974 and 1979, the character of Scully continued on Radio City Liverpool through a series titled the Franny Scully Show. The character became so successful that Bleasdale wrote a stage play, two novels, and in 1978, a Play for Today titled Scully's New Year's Eve.

That same year Bleasdale wrote a single play for the BBC1 anthology series Play for Today entitled The Black Stuff about a group of Liverpudlian tarmac layers. Filmed in 1978 and screened in 1980, the play focused on the issue of unemployment and despair felt by working class British citizens. Prior to screening, Bleasdale wrote to David Rose, head of BBC English Regions Drama, and Michael Wearing, script supervisor, and pitched the idea of a five-part series of plays that further explored the characters from The Black Stuff. The result was the BAFTA winning series Boys from the Blackstuff, which was transmitted on BBC2 in 1982. Bernard Hill starred in the role of Yosser Hughes, whose catch-phrase "Gizza job" became synonymous with the mass unemployment of the Thatcher years. The series established Bleasdale as one of Britain's leading television writers and social commentators.

After The Black Stuff but before Boys from the Blackstuff, Bleasdale wrote The Muscle Market, which aired as a Play for Today on TV in 1981 and starred Pete Postlethwaite and Alison Steadman. Unlike Blackstuff, this play looked at the road construction industry from the boss' side rather than the workers.

Bleasdale wrote the screenplay for his only feature film No Surrender (1985), a black comedy which examines the animosity between the Protestants and Roman Catholics of Northern Ireland. Set in a seedy Liverpool night club, the film focuses on a group of elderly Protestant hardliners attending a New Year's Eve party on the same evening as a group of Catholic retirees.

Bleasdale adapted William Allison and John Fairley's 1978 book The Monocled Mutineer into a four part miniseries in 1986. The series, starring Paul McGann, dramatises the WWI Etaples Mutiny of 1917.  In 1987, Charlottetown Festival director Walter Learning presented the Canadian premiere of the Bleasdale musical Are You Lonesome Tonight? at the Confederation Centre of the Arts, a national arts centre located on Prince Edward Island. The musical, which took a tough look at the life of Elvis Presley, attracted controversy at a festival for its coarse language and adult subject matter. Regardless of the objections, brought up in the provincial legislature, the play was a success for the festival. Bleasdale penned the political drama G.B.H. (Great British Holiday) for Channel 4 in 1991. Focussing on the political upheaval of the Labour Party in Liverpool, G.B.H. pits mild-mannered protagonist Jim Nelson against the northern City Council leader Michael Murray.

In 1994, Bleasdale collaborated with Keith Thompson and David Jones on an anthology of four filmed dramas written by authors who had no prior screenwriting credits. The scripts were chosen from a pool of 2,000 applicants, with Bleasdale acting as producer/mentor to each of the four writers chosen and then working on the projects from start to finish. The films, Andrew Cullen's Self Catering, Raymond Murtagh's Requiem Apache, Jim Morris' Blood On the Dole, and Christopher Hood's Pleasure, were screened over four consecutive weeks in October of that year.

Bleasdale continued his work for Channel 4 with 1995's serial Jake's Progress, the story of a modern-day dysfunctional family (Robert Lindsay as the father and Julie Walters as the mother) struggling to cope with a "difficult" child (Barclay Wright).

In 1999, Bleasdale adapted Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist into a four part miniseries for ITV. The adaptation was well received, but attracted some controversy as Bleasdale expanded the narrative by adding a backstory for the character of Oliver.

After an eleven-year absence from television, Bleasdale returned in January 2011 on BBC Two with a two-part TV film, The Sinking of the Laconia. He had been working on the screenplay since 2004; it depicted the events surrounding the World War II ocean liner RMS Laconia and the Laconia incident.

Personal life
Bleasdale married Julie Moses on 28 December 1970. They have two sons and one daughter.

Bleasdale's house is the main location in Nickelodeon's youth series called House of Anubis, which premiered in January 2011.

title: Alan Bleasdale


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Haymarket Media Group

Haymarket Media Group is a privately held media company headquartered in London. It has publications in the consumer, business and customer sectors, both print and online. It operates exhibitions allied to its own publications, and previously on behalf of organisations such as the BBC. The company expanded outside the UK in 1999.

History
Haymarket began in 1956, under the name Cornmarket Press. Clive Labovitch and Michael Heseltine – later a Cabinet minister under Margaret Thatcher and Deputy Prime Minister under John Major – who had met at university, started out with the 1957 Directory of Opportunities for Graduates, and in 1959 relaunched Man About Town, which was to become an influential (if unprofitable) men's consumer magazine. The company failed in its relaunch of the British news weekly Topic, the title closing at the end of 1962, within three months of the takeover. The partners split in 1965, with Heseltine renaming his half of the business Haymarket Press to publish Management Today. In 1967 British Printing Corporation merged its titles into the company too. New titles included weekly Autosport, monthly Lithoprinter (later known as PrintWeek) and Gardener's Chronicle (GC). The company was renamed Haymarket Publishing; owing to its growing presence in online media and live events, it was rebranded as Haymarket Media Group in 2007. Haymarket has laboured under heavy borrowings since Michael Heseltine returned from politics to take the helm and to buy back large minority shareholdings from Lindsay Masters and Simon Tindall, who had managed the business in his absence. These borrowings were reduced to some extent by the sale of properties. The company is now managed by Heseltine's son Rupert.

Haymarket Business Media
This division provides news and information for professionals in areas including environmental management, horticulture, planning, medicine and marketing. These are generally subscription-only publications and, in all but a limited number of cases, are not available for sale via retail. The portfolio includes a number of magazines and websites: Brand Republic, Campaign, Clinical Advisor, COMPASS Online, Conference and Incentive Travel, DCP Online, DMNews, The ENDS Report, Event, FinanceAsia, GP magazine, Horticulture Week, Monthly Prescribing Reference, Management Today, Marketing, Marketing Direct, McKnight's Long-Term Care News, Media Week, MIMS, MM&M, Planning Resource, PRWeek, Placemaking Resource, Renal & Urology News, SC Magazine, Third Sector, TASPO, Cancer Therapy Advisor and Windpower Monthly.

Haymarket Consumer Media
Haymarket publishes a number of automotive consumer magazines, all for sale by retail, and also a number of websites. The portfolio includes Autocar, CAT, Classic & Sports Car, and What Car?. The division was formerly a home to motoring photographic agency LAT Photographic.

In 2013, Haymarket sold Gramophone to Mark Allen Group.

In 2016, Haymarket sold its motorsport properties (including LAT Photographic) to Motorsport Network.

In 2018, Haymarket sold Practical Caravan, Practical Motorhome, FourFourTwo and What Hi-Fi? to Future and Stuff to Kelsey Media.

Wonderly
The Group's owned media agency.

Wonderly – formerly Haymarket Network – is the owned media agency launched by the global Haymarket Media Group in February 2019. It creates owned media across various platforms – print, digital and live. Services include strategic planning, editorial, design, print production, distribution, measurement and evaluation. Wonderly also has a dedicated digital design and build team.

Its clients include the British Army, Chartered Institute of Personnel & Development, Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply, ECB, FA, IAAF, International Baccalaureate, KPMG, Tillington Group, UEFA, and Volkswagen.

Haymarket exhibitions
Exhibitions include:
 * Autosport International (sold to Motorsport Network)
 * Clothes Show Live (sold to SME London Ltd)

Worldwide
Haymarket entered the Indian market in 1999, becoming one of the first foreign-owned magazine publishers to do so. It produces content across print, web, and mobile in the US, Germany, India, and Hong Kong.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Haymarket Media Group


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Carnsore Point

Carnsore Point ( or Ceann an Chairn) is a headland in the southeast corner of County Wexford, Ireland. It marks the southernmost point of the Irish Sea, on the western side of St George's Channel.

Ptolemy's Geography (2nd century AD) described a point called Ιερον (Hieron, "sacred promontory") which probably referred to Carnsore Point.

Cancelled nuclear project
Carnsore was proposed to be the location of a Nuclear Energy Board power plant. If built as proposed in the 1970s, the plant would have produced electricity for the Electricity Supply Board. First proposed in 1968, the then Government of Ireland gave renewed effort to the plans after the 1973 energy crisis. The plan envisaged one, and eventually four, nuclear power stations. However, the plan was dropped in the late 1970s after opposition by environmental groups, including the Wexford group the Nuclear Safety Association. The campaign against the proposed plant also gained some international support, including from Petra Kelly, who gave a speech at Carnsore. One activist against the plant who later became notable was Adi Roche, who went on to found Chernobyl Children International.

Anti-nuclear groups organised a series of rallies and concerts at Carnsore Point from August 1978 to August 1981. Titled "Get to the Point" and "Back to the Point" respectively, and featuring Christy Moore as lead act, the concerts were served to bring to public notice the question of nuclear power in Ireland. The British and Irish Communist Organisation, who believed nuclear power was necessary to achieve socialism in Ireland, picketed the first concert.

Wind farm
As of 2002, the ESB Group proposed to build a wind farm in the area. The 12 megawatt wind farm began operations in 2003.

title: Carnsore Point


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Jimmy McGovern

James Stanley McGovern (born September 1949) is an English screenwriter and producer. He is best known for creating the drama series Cracker (1993–1995), for which he received two Edgar Awards from the Mystery Writers of America. He also received recognition for creating drama series such as Hillsborough, The Lakes, The Street, and Accused, among others. On 8 December 2021, McGovern was conferred the Freedom of Liverpool in recognition of his life's work.

Early life
McGovern was born in Liverpool in September 1949, the son of working-class parents Jane (née Warner) and William McGovern. He was the fifth of nine children. He suffered from a stammer, for which he received no therapy and which affects him still. Brought up a Catholic, he attended St Francis Xavier's College which moved to the Woolton suburb of Liverpool in 1961.

Television
In 1982, McGovern started his TV career working on Channel 4's soap opera Brookside. He tackled many social issues in the course of the series, especially unemployment – which was at a post-war high at the time. In 1993, he created the drama serial Cracker, about the work of a fictional criminal psychologist played by Robbie Coltrane. Made by Granada Television and screened on ITV, the series was a critical and popular success, lasting until 1995. Cracker also aired in the United States, on the Arts and Entertainment cable network. McGovern's writing earned him two Edgar Awards from the Mystery Writers of America. In 1997 he created The Lakes, a drama that shared Brookside's realist setting and reused themes from Cracker, such as gambling addiction. In 2006, he created the BBC One drama, The Street; its third and final series aired in 2009.

McGovern also wrote the script for the television docudrama Hillsborough (1996), based on the events of the stadium disaster in 1989, which claimed the lives of 97 Liverpool fans at an FA Cup semi-final. Among the cast of this drama was Christopher Eccleston, who also featured in Cracker, along with former Brookside actor Ricky Tomlinson. Eccleston later said it was the most important work he'd ever done. Newspapers cited Hillsborough as a factor in a new inquiry set up in 1997.

In 2009, McGovern was the executive producer on the BBC One miniseries Moving On. His series Accused aired from 2010 to 2012 on BBC One. It followed a similar format to The Street but with a crime component. The series' writers included McGovern, Danny Brocklehurst, Alice Nutter and Shaun Duggan. It was produced by Sita Williams.

In 2012, McGovern and local Indigenous Australian writers from Sydney developed the Australian television drama series Redfern Now, set among the Indigenous Australians of the Sydney suburb of Redfern. The six-part series follows a similar format to Accused, telling the stories of six inner-city households in one street whose lives are changed by a seemingly insignificant incident. The series debuted on 1 November 2012, was produced by Blackfella Films and has been commissioned for a second series.

In June 2021, McGovern's series Time, starring Sean Bean and Stephen Graham, aired on BBC One. The series was directed by Lewis Arnold. It won the BAFTA for best miniseries in 2022.

Film
McGovern wrote the screenplay for the 1994 drama, Priest.

Stage
McGovern wrote the book for the musical stage show King Cotton, which explores links between the Atlantic slave trade and industrialisation in North West England, as part of the Liverpool European Capital of Culture 2008. King Cotton premiered at the Lowry in September 2007 before moving to the Liverpool Empire.

Views on writing
McGovern has described cinema scriptwriters as being treated poorly and required to produce an abundance of drafts by successive producers. McGovern has openly criticised dramas such as Footballers' Wives lamenting the lack of quality, believable storytelling in the early 2000s. He believes that television directors are underrated. He says: "I have worked twice with David Blair" on The Lakes and The Street, "and I can tell you that he is the best there is. He can make a good project great... Why David hasn’t won the acclaim he deserves is a mystery to me".

Awards and honours

 * Two Edgar Awards for Cracker.
 * International Emmy for best drama series for The Street in 2010 and The Accused in 2011.
 * Lifetime Achievement award from the Royal Television Society for his body of work.
 * the Freedom of Liverpool on 8 December 2021, from Liverpool City Council, in recognition of his life's work.

title: Jimmy McGovern


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Gordon Prange

Gordon William Prange (July 16, 1910 – May 15, 1980) was the author of several World War II historical manuscripts which were published by his co-workers after his death in 1980. Prange was a professor of history at the University of Maryland from 1937 to 1980 with a break of nine years (1942–1951) of military service in the United States Navy during World War II, and in the postwar military occupation of Japan, when he was the Chief Historian on General Douglas MacArthur's staff. It was during this time that Prange collected material from and interviewed many Japanese military officers, enlisted men, and civilians, with the information later being used in the writing of his books. Several became New York Times bestsellers, including At Dawn We Slept, The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor and Miracle at Midway.

Prange's 1963 ''Tora! Tora! Tora!, published in the November and December issues of Reader's Digest, and later expanded into At Dawn We Slept, portrayed the attack on Pearl Harbor, and is credited as the basis for the screenplay of the film Tora! Tora! Tora!'', which was produced in 1970, while Prange took a leave of absence from the University of Maryland to serve as the technical consultant during its filming. His extensive research into the attack on Pearl Harbor was the subject of a Public Broadcasting Service television program in 2000, Prange and Pearl Harbor: A Magnificent Obsession, and was acclaimed "a definitive book on the event" by The Washington Post.

Prange was a popular lecturer at the University of Maryland. The Terrapin, the university's yearbook, said of his World War I and World War II history classes: "Students flock to his class and sit enraptured as he animates the pages of twentieth century European history through his goosesteps, 'Sieg Heils', 'Achtungs', machine gun retorts and frantic gestures".

Personal life
Gordon William Prange was born on July 16, 1910, in Pomeroy, Iowa. His parents were Al, a blacksmith and his wife Johanna. He had one older brother Russell. He attended Pomeroy High School, where he excelled in baseball and track athletics. He was also known as the class clown. He graduated from Pomeroy in 1928 and enrolled at the University of Iowa intending to become a coach, but switched to history. He obtained his bachelor's degree, his master's degree in 1934, and doctorate in 1937. He studied at the University of Berlin in 1935 to 1936, during which he said: "I saw Hitler operate firsthand and heard him speak a number of times."

Family
In 1937 he married Anne Root, a professor's daughter from Iowa City. They had two daughters and a son. They moved to Maryland, where Prange took employment as a history instructor at the University of Maryland.

Death
Prange died on May 15, 1980, in Baltimore, Maryland, from cancer, aged 69. 'Prange Park' in Pomeroy is named after him.

Selected bibliography
All below by Gordon W. Prange, with Donald M. Goldstein and Katherine V. Dillon:
 * Gordon W. Prange (1963), Tora! Tora!  Tora!, in Reader's Digest, November and December issues.
 * At Dawn We Slept: The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor (1981), ISBN 0-07-050669-8
 * Miracle at Midway (1982), ISBN 0-07-050672-8
 * Target Tokyo: The Story of the Sorge Spy Ring (1984), ISBN 0-07-050677-9 in which the authors detail the undercover operations of the spy ring headed by Richard Sorge and Hotsumi Ozaki that conveyed highly-secret information from Tokyo to the Soviet Union between 1933 and 1941
 * Pearl Harbor: The Verdict of History (1986), ISBN 0-07-050668-X
 * December 7, 1941: The Day the Japanese Attacked Pearl Harbor (1988), ISBN 0-07-050682-5
 * God's Samurai: Lead Pilot at Pearl Harbor (1990), ISBN 0-08-037440-9

title: Gordon Prange


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Agricultural and Food Research Council

The Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) was a British Research Council responsible for funding and managing scientific and technological developments in farming and horticulture.

History
The AFRC was formed in 1983 from its predecessor, the Agricultural Research Council (ARC). It was replaced by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) as a result of government reorganisation in 1994. At that time Sir William Henderson who was secretary to the AFRC claimed that "agriculture was a success story" hence the AFRC could be closed and a new vision for research was envisaged in the creation of the BBSRC. With this shift in emphasis, there also followed the closure of several educational and research organisations as for example the internationally renowned Wye College.

title: Agricultural and Food Research Council


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Talk:1504 1490 1489

I don't understand this redirect - there is no reference to these numbers in the article. Secretlondon 13:23, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:1504 1490 1489


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Bitter (beer)

Bitter is an English style of pale ale that varies in colour from gold to dark amber, and in strength typically from 3% to 5.5% alcohol by volume.

History
The term "bitter" has been used in England to describe pale ale since the early 19th century. Although brewers used the term "pale ale", before the introduction of pump clips, customers in pubs would ask for "bitter" to differentiate it from mild ale; by the end of the 19th century, brewers had begun to use the term as well.

During the 20th century, bitter became the most popular type of draught beer sold in British pubs and has been described as "the national drink of England". In Scotland, bitter is known as either "light" or "heavy" depending on the strength, colour and body.

Bitter is traditionally cask conditioned and either dispensed by gravity through a tap in the cask or by a beer engine at "cellar temperature" of 11 to 14 C. The popularity of craft brewing in North America has led to British-style bitter being brewed there since the 1980s.

Style
Bitter belongs to the pale ale beer style and can have a great variety of strength, flavour and appearance, from dark amber to a golden summer ale. It can be under 3% abv and as high as 7% with premium or strong bitters. The colour may be controlled by the addition of caramel colouring. It is similar to the India pale ale style of beer, though bitters are less hoppy. A 2020 survey by SIBA found that in 2020 the average bitter beer strength in the UK was 4.2%.

Sub-types of bitter

 * Light ale: A low alcohol bitter, often bottled.
 * Session or ordinary bitter: Strength up to 4.1% abv. This is the most common strength of bitter sold in British pubs. It accounted for 16.9% of pub sales in 2003.
 * Best or special bitter: Strength between 4.2% and 4.7% abv. In the United Kingdom bitter above 4.2% abv accounted for just 2.9% of pub sales in 2003. The disappearance of weaker bitters from some brewers' rosters means "best" bitter is actually the weakest in the range.
 * Premium or strong bitter: Strength of 4.8% abv and over.
 * Golden ale: Golden or summer ale has an appearance and profile similar to that of a pale lager. Golden ale is typically brewed without the use of crystal malts, or at least in far lower quantity to a traditional bitter. In 2020, 83.5% of SIBA member breweries were producing 'pale golden bitter'.

title: Bitter (beer)


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Talk:Rachel Green

Misc
Would anyone mind terribly if i edited this a bit so that it corresponds with the rest of the Friends characters?

--Crestville 13:25, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC) Jobe

Anyone can edit anything - you don't need permission. Secretlondon 13:27, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Yeah, but I think it would be a little unfair on whoever created the thing for me to just jump in and start editing it to match the work I've done.

--Crestville 14:27, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC) Jobe

Rachel appeared in the Pilot episode running into Central Perk in a wet through wedding dress ...

Could that be reworded? I don't understand what it's trying to say. The way I'm reading it, I don't think "through" is necessary, and it's in fact obfuscating the point. - Vague | Rant 00:35, Jan 13, 2005 (UTC)

I'm curious as to when we learned Rachel was the middle. It was my assumption that Amy was the oldest and Jill was the youngest but we don't know for sure she's in the middle, she could be the oldest.

-Gedto 16:34, 12 April 2006 (GMT+1) Where does that info of Rachel having slept with 34 different men come from?

I agree i dont remember Rachel having ever mentioned her sexual partners except in season 2 and then it was only 5/6 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.143.235.88 (talk) 16:45, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

She said that sometime. I remember it. Phoebe was bragging about how she'd slept with 26 or 27 or something like that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.247.244.120 (talk) 22:41, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

The bio on the right of the screen states that Rachel is Jewish? How do we know this as far as I'm aware Ross and Monica are the only Jews in the group. I can find no evidence of linking Rachel to the religion —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.143.235.88 (talk) 16:54, 28 May 2009 (UTC)

According to an interview Lisa Whelchel did on Oprah, Whelchel read for the part of Rachel, but although she believed it would be a hit, she turned down the role due to her expectation that the theme of the series would be sexual, in conflict with her principles. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/22/lisa-whelchel-rachel-friends_n_4639176.html  GBC (talk) 17:58, 25 November 2018 (UTC)

Greene or Green
I'm a bit confused - if the character's name is actually spelt as GreenE why is this Listed as Green. I don't under the qualification that "commonly referred to in the series as Green. Well it would be as that's how you'd pronouce it!

Many thanks for anyone who clears this up for me!

--Charlesknight 20:20, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

according to the article, its greene so i propose to move the page to "Rachel Greene"Tomba 23:19, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I have requested a move to Rachel Greene as that is the correct spelling. --musicpvm 18:06, 29 July 2006 (UTC)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

no move. --  tariq abjotu  (joturner) 01:53, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

Survey

 * Add *Support or *Oppose followed by an optional one-sentence explanation, then sign your opinion with  ~

 * Support, It is spelt Greene in season 9 episode 12 on the door of Rachel’s office at Ralph Lauren
 * Support, I thought I was wrong, but I was right. --Dhartung | Talk 07:40, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Weak oppose. All of the (unofficial) websites I have visited, spell her name "Green". If some offical proof her name is spelt "Greene", then I would be willing to change my vote. – Axman (☏) 09:29, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose If 90% of the stuff are spelled Green then it's Green.--Bonafide.hustla 20:46, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Is there any source that indicates the name is Greene? older ≠ wiser 02:40, 31 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I don't go with the "50,000,000 misspellings on fansites means it's right" theory, but: IMDb lists it as "Rachel Green".  The NBC Website from 2002  lists it as "Rachel Green". --NapoliRoma 05:19, 31 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose I think it would be unlikely that NBC would get the name wrong. --Edgelord 06:23, 31 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Oppose - As per comments above - seems like there are some sources for "Greene" but many more for "Green" and more important ones at that. violet/riga (t) 06:27, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Discussion
Is Rachel's last name spelled "Green," or "Greene"? It's been spelled both ways. The credits of any episode where her parents appeared list their last name as "Green." But in "The One With The Invitation," Ross's envelope to Rachel, as well as her RSVP note, spell it "Greene." Then in episode 10.04, "The One With the Cake," the box with Emma's cake had "Green" written on it.
 * Comment Here is what i found at http://friends-tv.org/

So it has been spelled both ways, but if the Friends credits and official sites spell it "Green", we should probably stick with the current title (but mention the alternate spelling in the first sentence). --musicpvm 04:42, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree. In the Friends universe, her name is clearly spelt Greene. It is highly unlikely that Ross would spell her name incorrectly on her wedding invitation and that the sign on her office is wrong. Although NBC may disagree, in the world of Friends, her name is quite obviously Rachel Greene.81.151.140.33 (talk) 23:08, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

In the Friends universe? I think you missed the bit at the beginning of the article outlining the fact that Friends is a FICTIONAL character. I'm sorry but if the creators and credits say her name is Green then thats what it is. I don't think you understand that Ross didnt actually write the wedding invitation - that was done by a props manager

Oldest daughter?
It says in the trivia notes that Rachel is the oldest of three daughters. When was this mentioned? We know she is older than Jill, but I don't remember it ever being said she was older than Amy.Sandmaster 22:58, 21 September 2006 (UTC)

Lived with all of them
Rachel is the only member of the group to have lived under the same roof as all of the other friends: As much as I remember Rachel is not the only one who lived with all the members of the group. Chandler also did that: Joey: Season 1 - 5 Ross: After Ross lost his appartment during the divorce with Emily, Ross moved in with Joey and Chandler Monica: Season 6 - 10 Rachel: After the fire in Phoebies appartment, Rachel moved in at Monica's and Chandlers for a day, till the Firerighter found out the fire was Rachels fault. Phoebe: Moved in with Monica and Chandler, after Rachel had to move to Joey, because the fire was Rachels fault. Please confirm! --Tobi72 11:30, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

 * changed, friends explained it pretty well, except for Joey-Monica, everyone had lived together with the other during some time. Z3u2 07:09, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Other
Could the picture of 'Rachel' not be added to the Jennifer Aniston page as there is currently no picture of her? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.73.215.2 (talk • contribs) 18:08, January 16, 2007
 * No, it could not, as the picture of Rachel is not free and a fair use rationale could not be made for identifying the actor with a copyrighted picture of a character the actor has played. The Jennifer Aniston article would be best off with a freely licensed picture of her.  Leebo  T / C  12:22, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Twenty sexual partners?
A statement has been added to the article, asserting that Rachel had 20 sexual partners over the course of the series, only 5 of which were with people she was in a relationship with. I've watched the entire series beginning to end on DVD more than once, and this statement does not ring true to me. Who were all these non-relationship sexual partners? --Tkynerd 02:09, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Twenty? Okay, I think thats pushing it. All I can think of at the moment are Ross, Paolo, Tag, Paul, Barry, Galvin (maybe), and Joey (though they never did), all of which were long term relationships. Russ, Josh, and Danny were never sexual or an actual relationship. I think that statement should be edited or removed. DSMeatte 04:19, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Absent more and better documentation, I'm removing the statement from the article now. If it is to be restored, I expect to see some explanation of who all these people were. --Tkynerd 17:01, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Gavin Mitchell
Rachel is supposed to have kissed Galvin Mitchell. Is it the actor or the footballer ? akarkera 15:47, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Neither. Gavin was a character in several episodes of the show, played by Dermot Mulroney. --Tkynerd 00:07, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia does not have an article for Galvin Mitchell (the character). Shouldn't this article(Rachel Green) link to Dermot Mulroney or be unlinked? akarkera 10:11, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Fixed to point to the List of significant others articles. CloudNine 10:18, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Spelling
Just been watching "The one with Phoebe's Rats" and noticed the name tag at Rachel's office door spells it Rachel Greene". The article should be corrected. josh (talk) 21:02, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

Rachel's last name doesn't have a specific spelling. When Ross is holding an envelope addressed to her, it says Greene. THe sign on her door says Greene. But, Emma's birthday cake had "Green" written on it, and when Rachel's parents are in the end credits, it says "Green". I guess there just isn't a specific spelling. However, as a last name, which I've seen dozens of times in real life, it's usually spelled "Greene", so this is probably how the writers intended to spell it. But, since it has been spelled both ways in the show, we don't really know which way it is spelled. Olsentwinluv4ever (talk) 20:23, 7 July 2013 (UTC)

Requested Move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus to move page, per discussion below. -GTBacchus(talk) 22:19, 15 December 2007 (UTC) Rachel Green → Rachel Greene — Evidence from the Programme (see above) —josh (talk) 18:15, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

Survey

 * Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with  or  , then sign your comment with  . Since polling is not a substitute for discussion, please explain your reasons, taking into account Wikipedia's naming conventions.

 * Oppose Rachel Green (no E) is the correct spelling per Warner Bros.. If you go to the cast bio section of The Official Site, you will see under Jennifer Aniston's bio that Rachel Green is in fact spelled without an E. To quote: "For her role as Rachel Green on "Friends," Aniston has earned an Emmy Award nomination (2001)...". Who would know better than Warner Bros? - auburn pilot   talk  18:24, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Additionally, the Emmy Awards list her nomination for "Outstanding Supporting Actress In A Comedy Series - 2001" for her role as Rachel Green; no E. (search here) - auburn pilot   talk  18:29, 9 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Oppose The more common spelling is "Green" and in the credits of the show it is spelled "Green" when refering to her parents. Johnred32 (talk) 18:26, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Support. Ross spelled it Greene on his envelope to Rachel in "The One with the Invitation". If we have her as Green, we are implying that Ross couldn't spell her name, and there is nothing in the show to suggest that. Timeineurope (talk) 12:49, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Or are we implying that those who actually write the show, submit it to award ceremonies, and summarize the show's actors on the official website know more than a prop guy? Remember, Ross isn't real; he didn't spell anything. - auburn pilot   talk  15:45, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
 * If a writer intends a character to slip on a banana peel in an episode and the character doesn't, should Wikipedia say he slipped on a banana peel in that episode? Of course not, because what actually happened in the episode is what counts, not what the writer intended. Even if someone intended Rachel's surname to be Green, both Ross and Rachel spell it Greene on the show and so Greene it is. One character didn't slip on a banana peel as he was supposed to, another character didn't spell her name Green as she was supposed to. Too bad, but those errors made it to the final cut, and now the first character can't be described as having slipped on a banana peel, and the second character can't be described as having the surname Green. Timeineurope (talk) 18:15, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Somebody misspelling a name and an actor deviating from the script and not slipping on a banana are completely incomparable. It's a completely ludicrous comparison. You are attempting to treat this in-universe which cannot be done. The writers and producers of the show clearly intend for the name to be Green. The official website lists the character as Green, awards have been given to Aniston for her potrayal of a character named Green, and it would be ridiculous to change that spelling. Ross and Rachel haven't done anything, and the fact that you refer to it as an error illustrates my point. We don't play "gotcha". - auburn pilot   talk  18:58, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Fictional characters are different from real people in a lot of ways, but this is not one of them. If a real person has their name spelled in a certain way at their office door, then that is the correct spelling. There is no basis for claiming that that isn't also true for fictional characters, who have names in exactly the same way as real people. Rachel spelling her surname Greene is fictional, sure, but it is no more fictional than any of the other stuff Rachel does. If Rachel does anything at all, she also spells her surname Greene. And if she spells her surname Greene, that must be the correct spelling, because people don't misspell their own names, and there is no basis for claiming that fictional characters are any different in this respect.
 * I don't see any problem with my comparison; Ross and Rachel spelling her surname Greene is as real or not as the character in my example not slipping on a banana peel. What was intented is as irrelevant in the first case as in the second. Timeineurope (talk) 19:43, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Always spelled as Green in the credits, but spelled as Greene during the show. Since Green is used more often (in awards, official bios and such), we should use it over "Greene" in the absence of any "correct" name. CloudNine (talk) 13:05, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
 * If this were any other case, we would take the name tag at someone's office door as proof of the correct spelling of their name; I see no reason to treat this case differently just because we're dealing with a fictional character. Timeineurope (talk) 18:31, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
 * My pilot certificate spelled my name incorrectly when I first received it. Should I take that as proof that I've been spelling my name incorrectly my entire life? - auburn pilot   talk  19:02, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Now, this is a ludicrous comparison. Have you ever seen a misspelled name tag at an office door? Timeineurope (talk) 19:43, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Why don't we just dispose of this phantom "e" altogether and move the page to "Rachel Greep"? :-) Brad (talk) 13:05, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Oppose. The invitation and the door sign were the responsibility of the prop department, rather than the writers. The WB website spells it "Green", the official companion (Wild 2004) spells it "Green", the scripts probably spell it "Green". We need to have an OOU perspective and use "Green" consistently. Brad (talk) 13:03, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

Discussion

 * Any additional comments:
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

also by viewing the subtitles it is spelt with the end E. (greene) in episodes sucha s the one with the rumuor —Preceding unsigned comment added by 211.30.54.236 (talk) 14:43, 7 July 2010 (UTC)

The audio
Can we remove the audio clip? It is total out-dated, those not follow the actual article anymore, and has some mistakes in it too, like when the narrator say "Pablo" or whatever his name was. Otherwise record a new one, however that is done. ~ GoldenGoose100 (talk) 09:44, 27 April 2008 (UTC)

Kidnapped/runaway girl
Rachel Green is also the name of a 14-year-old runaway girl from SE Wisconsin who ran off to New York with a military discharge creep she met on MySpace. The story was a big news story last summer in much of the Midwest and also in the area that she ran away to. I was going to write an article about it, but I don't know how I would title it. The Person Who Is Strange 21:30, 21 November 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by The Person Who Is Strange (talk • contribs)

How dumb. I signed it and it says i didn't. The Person Who Is Strange 00:13, 23 November 2008 (UTC)

Any suggestions? The Person Who Is Strange 02:49, 3 December 2008 (UTC)

HELLO? The Person Who Is Strange 03:25, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Somebody offer an opinion. What should the parenthetic title of the other article be? ," said The Person Who Is Strange. ~Yup. It's all true.  Click here for more.  My page is outdated, but there are a lot of boxes. 05:48, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

HELLO? SOMEBODY SUGGEST SOMETHING! ," said The Person Who Is Strange. ~Yup. It's all true.  Click here for more.  My page is outdated, but there are a lot of boxes. 02:45, 12 June 2009 (UTC)

Relationships
In the relationships section, wouldn't Gunther's apparent infatuation with Rachel, and her short fling with Tag Jones be suitable additions?--Coin945 (talk) 07:22, 22 January 2009 (UTC)

[This could also fall into its own Trivia category, but:

Rachel and Chandler are not the only ones who have kissed everyone else. Ross has also kissed everyone.

-Since Rachel and Chandler are confirmed here,

-Ross kissed

--Joey at the end of an episode to help him with an audition.

--Phoebe in a flashback and for New Year's.

--Monica in a failed "First Kiss with Rachel."

Joey and Monica have never kissed and Phoebe and Monica have never kissed.]

Relationships - Chandler
From the article: "At the start of the show, Rachel and Chandler would cross paths again, this time in 1994, when Rachel, having just left Barry at the altar, goes to Central Perk, looking for Monica." If it's going to be stated that they cross paths AGAIN at the START of the show (talking about the pilot here), shouldn't there be mention of the fact that Monica introduces Rachel to Chandler for the first time in this scene? I think the continuity error should be mentioned or the above sentence that I'm scrutinizing should be rewritten.

93.139.102.232 (talk) 00:08, 22 May 2010 (UTC)bender

Emma
Isn't it Emma Geller-Green(e)? After Emma is born the nurse says "Then we call you Baby-Girl Green(e)". But then Rachel interrups and says "No. Baby-Girl Geller-Green(e)". So I think the last name should be changed in Geller-Green(e).--78.48.228.50 (talk) 19:48, 24 May 2010 (UTC)

Birthday
Does anyone know her actual birthday? It can't be May 5th. There's an episode where she gets pulled over and the cops notes she's an aquarius. Also, in season 9 her birthday party episode aired January 16th. --Kwhitt78 (talk) 23:45, 12 February 2012 (UTC)Katie

Religion?
In her profile it says see below but when you click the link it just brings you to the section about her surname and mentions nothing of her faith? Could someone fix that? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.64.104.4 (talk) 05:11, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

Disputed: Sweet little quirks
Hi.

Before I start, I'd like to say that Wikipedia is amazing. It has so many great articles on films and TV series.

Now, I am about to delete the "sweet little quirks" sentence from section 3.3 Monica because the factual accuracy of this statement is in serious trouble. As far as I know, the source of this sentence is the season 6 episode "The One On The Last Night" in which Monica explicitly say those things. However, I believe she was not entirely truthful, for two reasons:
 * 1) Monica starts saying those things when Phoebe says "I don't want to live with Rachel anymore", potentially disrupting Chandler's moving in. Monica is therefore forced to invent compelling reasons for Phoebe to live with Rachel. Monica ends her speech by wailing "...and I have to live with a boy", as if living with Chandler was a huge misfortune!
 * 2) The statement taken by itself is questionable when comes from Monica. Being extremely uptight and compulsive, Monica hates every form of untidiness including the edges of catalog pages being bent and the mirror becoming smudged by sticky notes.

Best regards, Codename Lisa (talk) 23:23, 17 June 2012 (UTC)

Proposed merge with Rachel haircut
Spin-off is not independently notable; all the coverage is linked to the character of Rachel Green or her actress. :) · Salvidrim!  ·  ✉  02:51, 12 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I don't think anyone would object to this merge. You should just go and do it, and if anyone reverts you we can have the dicussion then. Betty Logan (talk) 03:12, 12 May 2013 (UTC)
 * I agree. I just reverted an IP editor's mangled cut-and-paste merging without discussion of Rachel haircut with Shag (hairstyle), but this makes sense. I'll handle it. Ylee (talk) 19:09, 18 August 2013 (UTC)

There is no definite spelling of Greene/Green!
On Rachel's door at Bloomingdale's, it says "Greene". When her parents are on the show, in the credits it says "Green". When Ross is holding an envelope addressed to Rachel, it says "Greene". But, Emma's birthday cake box said "Green" on it. There must have been no decided way to spell it! Olsentwinluv4ever (talk) 23:15, 6 July 2013 (UTC)

IP range blocked
I was tempted to semiprotect this article again today, but instead, in an attempt to allow constructive IP editors to continue editing the article, I've blocked the range 75.120.80.0/20 that the recent vandalism has been coming from. If somebody notices further extensive vandalism from IPs, feel free to let me know on my talkpage and I'll semi for a while. Does anybody know why this article is such a silliness magnet...? Bishonen | talk 23:03, 11 September 2013 (UTC).
 * Rather old news here, but the article is one of several targeted by the Friends shipping vandal. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 16:31, 5 March 2017 (UTC)
 * Hi, User:SummerPhDv2.0. We're supposed to be sweet to the vandals, but seriously, what an idiot. Please let me know if you think the article needs semi. Or maybe pending changes? I see it had that for a while. Bishonen | talk 19:17, 5 March 2017 (UTC).
 * We had a 72 hour range block from 2/22/2017 that bought us roughly one week of quiet. There are roughly 25 to 30 articles involved and they're been at it for several years. Unless we semi/pending all of them for a long time, it's only a temporary measure. We have similar problems in other areas as well (Wikipediholism trolling, WP:KIDSTVDATES, etc.). We have "treatments" (whack-a-mole, page protection, pending changes, etc.) that all come down to who gives up first. The only cure is to end anonymous editing and I expect to be long dead and forgotten before that passes. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 04:45, 6 March 2017 (UTC)

Rachel Green's Personality
The entire section of Rachel Green's is solely about her promiscuity and breast development. That is not personality. I changed it to reflect information about her personality, but it was reverted without explanation. I move that her personality section actually have substance about her personality, rather than resembling a Playboy biography.QuizzicalBee (talk) 02:25, 25 February 2014 (UTC)
 * No...you removed it, which is not the same as changing it. If the character's physical attributes and sexual behavior are a facet of the show and the subject of sourced commentary then they are eligible for inclusion in the article. We are not a fan wiki and we cover all aspects of the character's depiction. If you feel there is a structural problem with the article—although I half suspect that is just a pretense for whitewashing it—then I propose you should tackle the problem at at a structural level. It would not that difficult to transfer the discussion of her sexual encounters to the relationships section, for instance, which is probably where it belongs. Betty Logan (talk) 03:05, 25 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Being reliably sourced is not the sole criteria for inclusion. It has to be relevant, and the information simply was not relevant to the section at hand. I would have kept it if it were, but it was just off-topic and biased, reducing the character's personality to factoids about sexual behavior and appearance. At best the narrow focus means it's incomplete, at worst that it's biased and NPOV violation. I wouldn't have blinked at the inclusion if it were part of an intelligent, detailed, well-thought out description of the personality of the character. But it was none of those things. Frankly, I'd say the kind of drooling focus on sexuality to the exclusion of any other personality traits to me resembles a fan wiki more than Wikipedia. That you made no change except to revert what I wrote--not even including what I wrote as part of the description--also suggests you found nothing wrong with the portion as described, and you found the part that I added to be inappropriate. I would be fine with transferring the portion in question to the relationships section as you suggest. But do you have any contributions to make to the Personality section besides removing my content without even a word as to why my content is out of place?QuizzicalBee (talk) 03:55, 25 February 2014 (UTC)
 * It's an article about a fictional character in a sitcom, so none of it is particularly relevant in the grand scheme of things; however, the show's depiction of the character's sexuality is just as relevant as any other aspect of the character, and none of this is included to the "exclusion of other personality traits". I did not revert your edit to remove your content, I reverted to restore the content your edit had removed. If you are unhappy with the emphasis on sexuality then simply add more detail and balance it out; nobody is preventing you, but preferably without the obvious agenda. The character was sexually objectified by the creators of the show who conceived her as the "slutty girl next door" i.e. more sexual relationships than the other girls in the show, early sexual development, shorter skirts and tighter dresses than her co-stars (I even recall her dining out at restaurant in her negligee) and obviously becoming an unmarried mother with questions over the paternity; therefore I think the overt sexualisation of the character is something the article should probably cover. Betty Logan (talk) 04:57, 25 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Can I make a suggestion? Instead of focusing on removing the inappropriate, you can add more appropriate contents. (If the inappropriate are really inappropriate, this makes the community notice. The consensus to curb or delete the appropriate would then come very naturally.) One of the yet-to-be-covered character specifications of Rachel is frequent lying. Another is deliberately damaging other women. E.g. she ruined Julie's hairdo by lying to Phoebe; made Bonnie bald; vilified Phoebe in front of Charlie more than needed to save her own face; not to mention committing slander in a court of law, calling Ross a homosexual and a drug addict in official records. I also seem to remember something about her being a pushover. Fleet Command (talk) 11:00, 25 February 2014 (UTC)
 * Alright, now that none of you two are willing to comment on this, I decided to act. I reinstated part of QuizzicalBee's edit because it was a valid take and removed the comment on breast size for lacking due weight and contextual relevance (let alone contextual significance). I did not reinstate the second part of QuizzicalBee's edit because it directly contradicted the first sentence of the paragraph and needed a source anyway. Fleet Command (talk) 18:20, 27 February 2014 (UTC)
 * My only real objection was the removal of sourced commentary so your edits are ok with me. Betty Logan (talk) 18:34, 27 February 2014 (UTC)

Edits
FleetCommand Hey! Thank you so much for your corrections, man. Even though I'm a devoted Friends fan and have watched the entire series, my details still are a little muddled. When I said "interfere with each other's love lives," I was referring to the love lives of Ross and Rachel, for example: Rachel is the reason Ross ends his relationship with Julie; Rachel is the reason Ross' marriage to Emily fails; Ross is the reason Rachel refuses to date Mark after their breakup. See?--Changedforbetter (talk) 01:22, 27 March 2015 (UTC)
 * Hey, . I give you the Julie's case and I even add Bonnie, Jill and Mona to your list. However, Ross and Rachel had many relationships with people that ended regardless, e.g. Joshua, Tag, Charlie, Cheryl, Elizabeth Stevens, Paul Stevens and Gavin Mitchell. Others were nameless and their relationship mostly ended off-screen. (Joey's coworker had a name but I forgot.)

 * Mona and Emily were simply not marriage type. They wouldn't have lasted anyway. Compare with Phoebe: She made a complete ass of herself in front of Mike's parents and they got married anyway. Rachel unwittingly said the worst things she could have said in front Elizabeth and her father, but Ross and Elizabeth's relationship was unaffected. (They separated later for another reason.) And finally, we get to the Ross/Rachel's official foil: Chandler/Monica. For everything that happened to Ross and Rachel, either the same or the worst happened to Chandler and Monica. Ross was jealous of Mark; Chandler was jealous of Richard Burke and Don (a British guy that Phoebe believed was Monica's soulmate). Ross slept with another woman after he broke up with Rachel, causing her to go ballistic; Monica forced Chandler to sleep with another woman even though they were together (*cough* Phoebe!) just to prove her own point, bought him porn (although he watched a birthing tape instead), hired a hooker for him (supposed to be a stripper), did not object when Chandler dated another a female director (he needed to win an audition for Joey) and did nothing crazy when she suspected Chandler was having an affair with the runner-up for Miss Oklahoma, Wendy. Well. They were marriage type. (Actually, one of our Wikipedians thinks Chandler is admin type! LOL!)

 * Fleet Command (talk) 18:16, 29 March 2015 (UTC)

Link to include on Rachel in the "Reception" section
https://news.google.co.uk/newspapers?id=IYwNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ym8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=3371,4064656&hl=en http://www.bdcwire.com/a-definitive-ranking-of-the-5-best-friends-episodes-for-each-character/

The Green vs. Greene section
This section has recently been added and I believe it is not an appropriate addition to the article. Bar the odd reference to the Warner Bros. website it mainly consists of "in universe" references that the author has identified as evidence of the inconsistency in how Rachel's surname is spelt. While references to the show may be acceptable to source that the names has been spelt differently in the show they are not sufficient to establish that the inconsistency is in any way significant. As a rule "in universe" goofs and inconsistencies are not documented on Wikipedia per WP:BLOOPERS, unless secondary sources (i.e. reliable sources not affiliated to the show or to Warner) explicitly cover the issue of the inconsistency itself. A secondary source is important for two reasons: i) it establishes that there is a debate (at the moment the introductory sentence "There is confusion about the correct spelling of Rachel's last name" is a blatant example of WP:EDITORIALIZING); and ii) it establises that the inconsistency is significant, as required by WP:WEIGHT to merit coverage in the article. It is simply unacceptable for an editor to take an inconsistency/goof, frame a debate around it, and to pick out examples which back up their thesis. Betty Logan (talk) 22:13, 3 October 2015 (UTC)

 * I agree that this section was much too large. However, the topic seems to come up often (see above on this talk page, and the article's edit history). I have added a very short mention of the spelling discrepancy, as it has in fact been regularly noted by well-known newspapers and entertainment magazines in "top ten" lists and similar articles about discrepancies on the show. See the citation given, as well as:, , , , etc. --IamNotU (talk) 14:17, 7 July 2018 (UTC)

About Changedforbetter's revert on 16 Nov
Hello,, would you please explain your bizarre revert? __209.179.0.121 (talk) 05:38, 19 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Gladly. The information you added is unsourced, as well as irrelevant to the article. If I were to choose one that were less relevant, it would be the Marlo Thomas hairstyle, but it would still need to be sourced.
 * Also, you removed the clearly sourced $25 million annual salary claim because, according to you, it "is obviously wrong". Explain this?--Changedforbetter (talk) 06:23, 19 November 2015 (UTC)

 * Well, first things first: get a piece of paper and a pen (or maybe a pencil in case you make a mistake), and write "1,000,000". Then below it, write 18, like you're doing a multiplication problem, and then solve the problem. You may want do it several times to double check your work or use an electronic calculator if you want. Now comes the hard part: compare your answer to the "25 million" in the article and see if you're answer agrees with it. I'll wait right here until you get a chance to do it and let me know what you find out. __209.179.0.121 (talk) 20:43, 19 November 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 7 June 2016
75.121.127.242 (talk) 18:11, 7 June 2016 (UTC) Biggest Fan Chandler/Rachel Wedding/Baby?
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. Sir Joseph (talk) 18:13, 7 June 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Rachel's Last Name
Many of you may think that Rachel's last name is spelled "Green" but little do you know it is spelled "Greene". Rachel's last name spelling has been a very controversial topic between tons of fans of the show Friends. In season 4 episode 21, The One With The Invitation, you see that when Rachel is looking at the wedding invitation from Ross and Emily, it is addressed to "Rachel Greene". Later, in season 9 episode 11, The One Where Rachel Goes Back to Work, you see that on the name tag on the door to her office, Rachel's name is spelled Greene. But, in season 10 episode 4, The One With the Cake, we do see that on the cake box it says "Green", but that could've been the cake-maker not knowing how to spell her last name. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:440:8400:f443:7d9b:155e:32e5:fb0d (talk • contribs) 22:35, November 20, 2018 (UTC)
 * This has been discussed previously at Talk:Rachel_Green. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 04:19, 21 November 2018 (UTC)

Assorted issues
Your edits make a few unusual claims.

Rachel Green is a character in a television show. Her last appearance is the last episode of the show. That clips from the show later appear in other shows (1990s retrospective TV shows, documentaries about the actress, etc.) does not make those works later appearances of the character.

A sibling-in-law is "the sibling of one's spouse, or the spouse of one's sibling". Chandler at one point was Rachel's spouse's sister's husband. That is rare extension of the term. That someone somewhere uses this rare extension of the concept does not mean we should regularly apply it.

The standing consensus here has been to not list Ross as a spouse as they were not married at the end of the show. If you wish to change this, I would ask you to discuss the issue here and in the Ross article to build a new consensus for the change. - Sum mer PhD v2.0 02:27, 24 July 2019 (UTC)
 * I am pretty sure that "Last Appearance" is not intended to include archive footage. If the game did not feature the character in any new footage it should not be included here. As for the marriage issue, this is slightly more complicated. The character is not married at the end of Friends but I believe is married in the spin-off Joey, despite never appearing? Is that correct? If the spin-off show is canon then I think a compromise could probably be reached here, by listing her status for the two shows. Betty Logan (talk) 12:41, 26 July 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 September 2021
Rachel’s last name is not actually Green it’s Greene. 2001:14BB:69B:8881:94CE:71E7:550A:5F2D (talk) 14:51, 12 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. — LauritzT (talk) 15:18, 12 September 2021 (UTC)

 * Please refer to . Betty Logan (talk) 17:45, 12 September 2021 (UTC)

Rachel and Ross remarried?
on several occasions has edited the infobox to stipulate that Rachel and Ross remarried in 2004. In doing Shooting Spirit does not supply a source, and removes an editing note that very specifically requests that editors obtain a consensus on the talk page before initiating this edit. The edit notice was added by and follows on from the discussion above.

I fully support SummerPhD's position on this. In the spin-off, Joey, Joey mentions "all of his friends are married". Shooting Spirit's interpretation is a perfectly valid one (and possibly encouraged by the writers of the spin-off), but it is just that: an interpretation of a purposefully ambiguous comment. He does not mention Ross and Rachel specifically (who do not appear in the show), and even if they have got married there is no confirmation it is to each other. Even if there had been explicit confirmation on their marriage, it is not clear if the spin-off is even canon for the other characters. For example, if Joey had turned up in LA and said "all of my friends are dead" would we readily accept that the characters are deceased? In the series that these characters actually appeared in Ross and Rachel ended up together, but not married, and IMO the profiles of these characters should reflect that. To state otherwise we would need some kind of credible and official sourcing that confirms their martial status. Editorial speculation that interprets a throwaway comment in a show that these characters did not even appear in is not a sufficient factual basis for making such a claim. Betty Logan (talk) 17:43, 26 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Two other possibilities come to mind: 1) That by this point Joey doesn't consider Ross and Rachel to be his friends, which seems unlikely but not impossible. I haven't seen the series, so is it ever confirmed that Joey does still consider them to be his friends? 2) That Joey was speaking hyperbolically, much as I might say, "Among my friends I'm the token single guy", even when that's not literally true. Less relevantly: I can't say I ever expected that I'd be commenting at the Talk page for a Friends character; I guess it's a Christmas miracle! :p DonIago (talk) 17:52, 26 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Yeah, it can be interpreted in several different ways, and I have no doubt that was the intention of the writers. Anyone who wants a "happily ever after" for these two characters can have that, while the fate of the characters isn't conclusively sealed. This might be the most trivial discussion I have ever been involved in on Wikipedia but it does come back around to Wikipedia's core principles. Betty Logan (talk) 18:14, 26 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Considering you started here the same year I did, you must pick your battles more carefully than I do if this is the most trivial discussion you've ever been involved in. :p I seem to end up in an ungodly number of discussions where the bottom line is, "You're working off something that's implied, not something that's stated/shown." DonIago (talk) 22:08, 26 December 2021 (UTC)
 * Betty Logan, if the fact that Rachel and Ross remarried is untrue, then why does it show in Ross's page that he and Rachel remarried? Shooting Spirit 007 (talk) 07:00, 27 December 2021 (UTC)
 * WP:OTHERSTUFFEXISTS. Betty Logan (talk) 13:17, 27 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't see any clear statement of it there either. I see a statement that it's -hinted- that they remarried, which seems to be reading more into the actual statement than is merited, and is obviously speculative. DonIago (talk) 17:24, 27 December 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 October 2022
I would like to add information that was discussed by the series’ actors during the Reunion in 2021 FearlessPotato (talk) 22:14, 26 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 22:19, 26 October 2022 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 19 November 2023
Rachel’s last name was actually spelt GREENE. This was written on her wedding invitation from Ross and Emily. It was also written on her office door when she worked at Ralph Lauren. 2403:580F:6A25:0:D5F9:F3A7:9BF7:E064 (talk) 08:12, 19 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: see cited source 26 or read some of these prior posts here on the talk page Cannolis (talk) 09:03, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rachel Green


text:
User:SimonLyall/TODO

Goals and ideas for areas I can work on etc.

 * 1) A stub article every few days
 * 2) Cisco Systems, Inc. - List models of routers/switches etc, families
 * 3) History of Internet in NZ
 * 4) Go through NZ placenames, at leats put in stub articles, population, area, distance.
 * 5) Go through library, see if books, authors or topics that are missing or have articles that could be expanded.
 * 6) NZ crimes/criminals
 * 7) NZ sportsman
 * 8) Bad_Taste - expand
 * 9) year by year of NZ history, like Canada's.
 * 10) expand ihug page.
 * 11) Update search engine for wikipedia, the current one doesn't seem to be very good. Adolf Hitler is very common result since he is at the start of the alphabet and has a long article.
 * 12) NZ politics articles don't seem to all point to higher level catagories
 * 13) Expand various NZ history pages
 * 14) Predator (movie) needs fixing.
 * 15) People from this page

title: User:SimonLyall/TODO


text:
Talk:European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

Which countries and which languages?
It'd be very useful for this page to include a list of the 25 Member States, their official languages and for which other languages they have ratified this Charter. For example, English is the de facto official language of the UK but, without looking at Languages in the United Kingdom I wasn't sure whether any of Scots Gaelic, Irish Gaelic, Scots or Ullans were recognised or not (I only know Welsh is, because I'm Welsh myself) — OwenBlacker 13:29, Jul 17, 2004 (UTC)

Where is Greece? It should be also mentioned next to France. It only singed the charter, but did not ratifiy it. And the state of minority languages in Greece is appaling (see www.coe.int) --Nik

Greece has not even signed the Charter --Michkalas 14:01, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

Greece hasn't signed the charter. Well-known fact Piro ilir (talk) 14:03, 17 April 2018 (UTC)

List of the European Union's regional or minority languages
There is no need to have here this kind of list. Most probably this list comes from Euromosaiv, a European Commission survey. So it fits better at Languages_of_the_European_Union. You can move it there and elaborate the existing section. BTW, one of the main weaknesses of the Charter it is exactly that it doesn't name the languages for which its provisions apply. --Michkalas 16:38, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

 * fr:Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires has a (not entirely up to date) list of languages ratified for. The CoE list of ratifications is here . The Charter leaves it up to states to decide which languages they will apply the Charter to, and states therefore specify them in their instruments of ratification. Man vyi 19:18, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Man vyi, that's true and it would be nice to have this list here too, but that's definitely something deferent from the current list in the article. Here we have a list of the regional or minority languages in -a few- EU countries, not a list of the regional or minority languages for which the Charter applies.--Michkalas 14:24, 4 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Precisely. This article doesn't need a EU language list - if it needs a list at all, it needs a list of languages ratified for. Man vyi 15:54, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

NOTE 5.
^ As of March 2007, Ukraine's entry on the on the Council of Europe site does not list the languages in respect of which the Republic of Ukraine has ratified the Charter.

 Ukraine declares that the provisions of the Charter shall apply to the languages of the following ethnic minorities of Ukraine : Byelorussian, Bulgarian, Gagauz, Greek, Jewish, Crimean Tatar, Moldavian, German, Polish, Russian, Romanian, Slovak and Hungarian. --77.122.212.4 16:26, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

UK
as Irish is mentioned under the Uk im presuming it means Irish that is spoken in the north of ireland. out of interest did Ireland sign it, seperatly from the UK? --81.38.85.84 11:49, 27 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Ireland can't ratify it on behalf of Irish, because that's an official language of Ireland. Randall Bart    Talk   02:32, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Switzerland
Italian and Romansch are official languages of Switzerland. There may ought to be a note that Switzerland is ratifying on behalf of specific cantons where these are unofficial minority languages, similar to the note about the Länder of Austria and Germany. Randall Bart    Talk   02:32, 24 March 2008 (UTC)

Belgium
It would be interesting to know the Belgian status. Does sb know? 88.159.74.100 (talk) 13:30, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

France
When will France ratify the treaty? They said that they are considered part of the 'patrimoine francaise' but they haven't done that much.Domsta333 (talk) 11:34, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

But what is the Charter about??
At the moment, all this page is, is a long list of what countries have signed up, and whether they have ratified it or not. There is almost nothing that tells me what the charter is actually about, what actions must be taken by a signatory, what protections does it gives etc. What is the difference between the lower and higher levels?

I came here hoping to find these things, and it's not even clear where I could go to find out these things. RedTomato (talk) 00:36, 19 January 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20111106224338/http://www.edrc.ro/docs/docs/Lege_282.pdf to http://www.edrc.ro/docs/docs/Lege_282.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20120311020020/http://www.fosserbia.org/view_file.php?file_id=171 to http://www.fosserbia.org/view_file.php?file_id=171

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Updates to the charter
To user:84.248.82.78 and others, can someone with the necessary knowledge and access to sources please clarify here the status of the UK in the charter post Brexit. Many EU laws have been retained through UK statute, but what about this charter? Irish, Cornish, etc, what is their position? Roger 8 Roger (talk) 18:55, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

 * This is not an EU charter, and the Council of Europe is not the European Council. The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages is in no way related to the European Union, and international treaties the UK ratified are not affected by Brexit. Love —LiliCharlie (talk) 19:18, 5 March 2021 (UTC)

English in the Netherlands?
English is listed as a minority language in the Netherlands. I highly doubt that is the case. If so, then probably this recognition would be limited to the Caribbean Netherlands only. Yeowe (talk) 12:05, 12 March 2023 (UTC)

 * English is not listed in the official list. https://rm.coe.int/november-2022-revised-table-languages-covered-english-/1680a8fef4 Joseph (talk) 14:38, 12 March 2023 (UTC)
 * I removed English (and Franc-Comtois in Switzerland) from the article. Yeowe (talk) 22:05, 15 March 2023 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Live & Rare (Rage Against the Machine album)

Titled
Moved back from Live & Rare (album).

Discrepancy
The Ginsberg poem is titled Hadda be Playin' on a Jukebox (which substitutes "a" for "the") but the track is different, using "the" instead of "a". Is this the actual name of the track, or is there a mistake?

Previously available on...
Where was 'Bullet in the Head' live taken from? ...because I cannot recall it ever being on any of the Rage single releases.

Fair use rationale for Image:Ratm - live rare.jpg
Image:Ratm - live rare.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 23:34, 5 June 2007 (UTC)


text:
David Renwick

David Peter Renwick (born 4 September 1951) is an English author, television writer, actor, director and executive producer. He created the sitcom One Foot in the Grave and the mystery series Jonathan Creek. He was awarded the Writers Guild Ronnie Barker Award at the 2008 British Comedy Awards.

Early life
The son and only child of James George Renwick and Winifred May Smith, who were married in 1948, David Renwick was born and brought up in Luton, Bedfordshire, England. He was educated at Luton Grammar School, including its Sixth Form, a former state grammar school. The school became known as Luton Sixth Form College while he was still a pupil. He studied journalism at Harlow Technical College.

1970s
Before becoming a comedy writer Renwick worked as a journalist, reporter and sub-editor on his home town newspaper, the Luton News.

On beginning his comedy writing career in the mid-1970s he initially submitted material for BBC radio comedies including Week Ending and The News Huddlines. He also contributed to other radio series such as Oh, Get On With It! starring Kenneth Williams and with David McKellar co-wrote Harry Worth in Things Could Be Worse featuring Harry Worth.

Teaming up with writing partner Andrew Marshall, they wrote the BBC Radio 4 comedy series The Burkiss Way and provided sketches for BBC television shows such as The Two Ronnies and Not the Nine O'Clock News during the late 1970s and early '80s. One of the most celebrated sketches he wrote for The Two Ronnies was a parody of the BBC quiz programme Mastermind, where a "Charlie Smithers" chose to answer questions on the specialist subject "Answering the question before last", adapted from his "Answering one question behind all the time" sketch from The Burkiss Way. Their short-lived LWT series for ITV, End of Part One, was an attempt to transfer Burkiss-style humour to television.

Renwick also wrote for Les Dawson, Bernie Winters as well as Little and Large at the end of the 1970s.

1980s
In 1982 Renwick and Marshall penned the comedy drama serial Whoops Apocalypse for LWT, based on the insanity of international politics in the age of nuclear weapons, and four years later they adapted the screenplay (changing most of the characters and situations completely) into a feature film version. In 1983 they wrote The Steam Video Company for Thames Television, a short comedy series consisting of absurd parodies of famous novels. This was followed in 1986 by Hot Metal for LWT, a six-part satire of the tabloid newspaper industry starring Robert Hardy, Geoffrey Palmer and John Gordon Sinclair. The show was a critical success and returned for a further six episodes in 1988 with a revised cast of Robert Hardy, Richard Wilson and Caroline Milmoe.

Renwick also wrote for the sketch show Alexei Sayle's Stuff and Spike Milligan's There's a Lot of It About.

He began writing solo at the end of the 1980s when he created the sitcom One Foot in the Grave, starring Richard Wilson, which was highly successful.

1990s
One Foot in the Grave went on to be a popular hit for an entire decade. It also ran for four seasons as an American remake titled Cosby, starring Bill Cosby, although this is generally regarded as a very loose adaptation of the original. The series won a BAFTA award for best comedy programme in 1992, with Renwick receiving The Writers' Guild Award for Best Comedy Writer in that same year.

Renwick switched to writing drama in 1990 and 1991 to indulge his love of detective stories and dramatise four episodes (one being co-written) for the series Agatha Christie's Poirot (ITV, 1989–2002), featuring David Suchet as the Belgian sleuth. In 1992, Renwick and co-writer Michael Baker received an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for the Poirot episode "The Lost Mine", which aired in the US as part of the PBS anthology series Mystery!

In 1993, he wrote, back with Marshall again, the four-part comedy miniseries If You See God, Tell Him which starred Imelda Staunton, Adrian Edmondson and Richard Briers, with a brief appearance from Angus Deayton. Several other minor roles also went to actors with whom Renwick worked with on One Foot in the Grave.

In 1997, Renwick devised the comedy-drama and mystery series, Jonathan Creek, based around the crime-solving abilities of the eponymous designer of magic tricks, played by comedian Alan Davies. This series also became successful.

In 1999 Renwick received BAFTA's Dennis Potter Award, established to recognise outstanding writing for television.

2000s
Another comedy-drama Renwick has penned, Love Soup, starring Tamsin Greig and Michael Landes, premiered on BBC One on 27 September 2005. Renwick, and his former writing partner Marshall, had cameo roles in an episode of the series as members of a television sitcom scriptwriting team.

On 3 December 2007 BBC Four broadcast David Renwick Night, a themed evening of programmes written by or about the author.

In 2008, Renwick directed for the first time as he brought back the series Jonathan Creek after a five year hiatus. The episode, The Grinning Man, was almost two hours long and was broadcast on New Year's Day 2009.

He was awarded the Writers Guild Ronnie Barker Award at the British Comedy Awards 2008.

2010s
In 2010 Renwick directed a further episode of his series Jonathan Creek, with the 94-minute long instalment The Judas Tree being broadcast on Easter Sunday.

In 2012, he developed a series called Ergo for ITV, which was to star Robert Webb as a man living with his stepmother following the death of his father. "It was a domestic comedy, my attempt to do something like One Foot in the Grave in the country really," said Renwick. However, Renwick and ITV encountered creative differences and the project was not produced.

Renwick wrote a further five episodes of Jonathan Creek, the last of which to date was broadcast in December 2016. As of 2020, thirty-two episodes have been produced across five short-run series and six specials. The slow rate of production is partly due to Renwick's writing of the episodes, which he describes as being a painstaking process in which the intricacies of the plots take several months to work out. It is not known whether the series will return.

In 2016 Renwick wrote the four-part radio miniseries Desolation Jests. The show, starring David Jason, John Bird, Jan Ravens and Rory Bremner, was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 from 13 December 2016 until 3 January 2017. The miniseries was repeated on BBC Radio 4 Extra in 2022.

Personal life
In 1994 Renwick married Eleanor Hogarth. The couple reside between Pavenham and Stevington in northern Bedfordshire.

Books
Renwick is also an author, having written the novels One Foot in the Grave (1992) and One Foot in the Grave and Counting (2021) – both featuring original plots, as well as ones reworked from the television series.

Acting credits

 * Hot Metal (1989)
 * One Foot in the Grave (1993–2000)
 * Jonathan Creek (2003–2013)
 * Love Soup (2005–2008)

Radio

 * The Burkiss Way (1976–1980)
 * Desolation Jests (2016–2017)

Theatre

 * Angry Old Men (1994)

Television and film

 * The Two Ronnies (1975–1987)
 * Took and Co. (1977)
 * Bernie (1978)
 * The Little and Large Show  (1978)
 * The Les Dawson Show (1978)
 * End of Part One (1979–1980)
 * The Dick Emery Show (1980)
 * Not the Nine O'Clock News (1980)
 * Russ Abbot's Saturday Madhouse (1980)
 * Janet and Company (1980–1981)
 * Nice to See You! (1981)
 * There's a Lot of It About (1982)
 * 3-2-1 (1982)
 * Whoops Apocalypse (1982)
 * The Jim Davidson Show (1982)
 * Yarwood in Town (1982)
 * The Steam Video Company (1984)
 * Assaulted Nuts (1985)
 * The Funny Side (1985)
 * Hot Metal (1986–1989)
 * The Kenny Everett Television Show (1986–1998)
 * Slinger's Day (1987)
 * Fast Forward (1987)
 * Alexei Sayle's Stuff (1988–1991)
 * Wilt (1989)
 * Poirot (1990–1991)
 * One Foot in the Grave (1990–2001)
 * If You See God, Tell Him (1993)
 * Cosby (1996–2000)
 * Jonathan Creek (1997–2016)
 * The Ben Elton Show (1998)
 * Love Soup (2005–2008)

Executive producer

 * Cosby (1996–2000)
 * Jonathan Creek (1997–2016)
 * Love Soup (2005–2008)

Director

 * Jonathan Creek (2009–2013)

Regular collaborators
Renwick has often been heavily involved in the casting of actors for his productions and has chosen to work with numerous actors across several of his productions even for the casting of smaller roles.

Actors Annette Crosbie, Peter Copley, Jonathan Kydd, John Bluthal, Brian Murphy, Hannah Gordon and Nick Maloney have all made appearances in Jonathan Creek as well as in One Foot in The Grave.

John Bird has appeared in One Foot in The Grave, Jonathan Creek as well as the radio series Desolation Jests.

Tamsin Greig, Georgie Glen, Sheridan Smith and Sara Markland all worked with Renwick on his sitcom Love Soup as well as making appearances in Jonathan Creek.

Adrian Edmondson had a leading role in Renwick's 1993 miniseries If You See God, Tell Him and made appearances in Jonathan Creek. James Saxon also appeared in both productions.

Joanna Bacon, Enn Reitel, Owen Brenman, Damaris Hayman, Angus Deayton, Paul Merton, Katharine Page, Tony Millan and Bill Gavin all appeared in both One Foot in the Grave and If You See God, Tell Him.

Jan Ravens appeared in Love Soup, One Foot in the Grave, If You See God Tell Him and also in Renwick's radio series Desolation Jests.

Doreen Mantle appeared in eighteen episodes of One Foot in the Grave, one episode of Love Soup, as well as one episode of Jonathan Creek, whilst Renwick himself made occasional, brief appearances in these three productions.

title: David Renwick


text:
Category:Mathematical tools

See also: Category:Computing, Category:Analog computers

title: Category:Mathematical tools


text: User talk:203.200.95.130

title: User talk:203.200.95.130


text: Category:Evolutionary biologists

title: Category:Evolutionary biologists


text:
Category talk:Mathematical tools

I created this to help group common tools to help people with mathematics. It has overlap with the category for Computation, but I think is truly a separate category in its own right. —siroχo 13:47, Jul 17, 2004 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Mathematical tools


text:
Walter Gale

Walter Gale may refer to:

 * Walter Gale (schoolmaster), schoolmaster in Mayfield, England
 * Walter Frederick Gale (1865–1945), Australian banker and astronomer

title: Walter Gale


text:
Coffee milk

Coffee milk is a drink made by mixing coffee syrup or extract with milk, in a manner similar to chocolate milk. Since 1993, it has been the official state drink of the U.S. state of Rhode Island.

History
While the precise origin of coffee milk is unclear, several sources trace it back to the 19th century Italian immigrant population in Providence, Rhode Island. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, approximately 55,000 Italian immigrants traveled to Providence, introducing their traditions and customs to Rhode Island; this included drinking sweetened coffee with milk, which is believed to have led to the creation of coffee milk.

Coffee milk originated in American diners and soda fountains in the early 20th century. The first coffee syrup is thought to have been created by a soda fountain operator who sweetened leftover coffee grounds with milk and sugar to create a syrup, then mixed it into glasses of milk. In the 1930s, coffee milk was regularly served at pharmacy lunch counters, targeted toward children and youth as an alternative to the hot coffee served to their parents.

Due to the popularity of the product, coffee syrup was eventually bottled and sold by merchants. The first merchant to bottle and sell coffee syrup was D. Abelsen & Son who created an Arabian Brand Coffee Syrup in Grant Mills, Cumberland, RI. The product was first documented in the 1926 Ice Cream Trade Journal published by Thomas D. Cutler. The syrup was advertised as “Our New Creation Arabian Brand Coffee Syrup for Ice Cream Topping, Milk Shakes, Iced Coffee, Etc.” D. Abelsen & Son set up production at their factory at 556 North Main Street in Providence, RI.

To honor the heritage of this local beverage which originated in RI's Blackstone Valley, Blackstone Valley Tourism Council, markets their own version of coffee syrup (in collaboration with Dave's Coffee).

Silmo Packing Company of New Bedford, Massachusetts began producing coffee syrup in 1932. And in 1938, Warwick, Rhode Island’s Eclipse Foods produced its own version. Lincoln, Rhode Island's Autocrat Coffee, who also produced coffee syrup in the 1930s, later acquired Eclipse, produced both brands, and came to dominate the coffee syrup market.

Autocrat is claimed to be the most popular brand of coffee syrup in Rhode Island. Newer brands such as Dave's Coffee and Morning Glory offer coffee syrups with desired customer qualities, such as no high-fructose corn syrup or artificial colors.

In 1993, the Rhode Island General Assembly opted to change Rhode Island's state drink, with the two potential choices being coffee milk and Del's Lemonade. Coffee milk ultimately triumphed, and was officially named the state drink on July 29, 1993.

Coffee syrup
Coffee syrup is a sweetened coffee concentrate and is a key ingredient in coffee milk.

Coffee syrup is produced by straining hot water and sugar through coffee grounds. It can also be prepared by preparing a large amount of hot coffee and then adding sugar to it afterward. A cold-process method for coffee syrup involves soaking pulverized coffee beans for some time and then adding sugar.

Coffee syrup is often brewed at home, in a saucepan using coffee and sugar.

Related foods
A coffee cabinet is an ice cream-based milkshake-style beverage found almost exclusively in Rhode Island and southeastern Massachusetts, consisting of coffee ice cream, coffee syrup, and milk.

In December 2013, the Narragansett Brewing Company partnered with Autocrat Coffee to market a limited edition "coffee milk stout".

In summer 2015, Warwick Ice Cream collaborated with Autocrat to produce coffee milk ice cream.

title: Coffee milk


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Edward Ives (toymaker)

Edward Riley Ives (September 13, 1839 – 1918) was an American toymaker from Connecticut. He married Jennie Blakeslee in 1866, and with the help of his father-in-law and brother-in-law, he founded the Ives Manufacturing Company two years later in 1868 in Plymouth, Connecticut. It became one of the largest toy companies in the United States during the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century. Late in his career, he turned the company over to his son, Harry Ives.

Edward Ives was a distant cousin of U.S. classical music composer Charles Edward Ives. Ives and his son were the subject of a biography titled Messrs. Ives of Bridgeport, written by Louis Hertz and published in 1950.

title: Edward Ives (toymaker)