text:
ArtRage

ArtRage is a bitmap graphics editor for digital painting created by Ambient Design Ltd. It is currently in version 6, and supports Windows, macOS and mobile Apple and Android devices and is available in multiple languages. It caters to all ages and skill levels, from children to professional artists. ArtRage 5 was announced in January 2017 and released in February 2017.

It is designed to be used with a tablet PC or graphics tablet, but it can be used with a regular mouse as well. Its mediums include tools such as oil paint, spray paint, pencil, acrylic, and others, using relatively realistic physics to simulate actual painting. Other tools include tracing, smearing, blurring, mixing, symmetry, different types of paper for the "canvas" (i.e. crumpled paper, smooth paper, wrinkled tin foil, etc.), as well as special effects, custom brushes and basic digital editing tools.

Traditional media simulation and tools
ArtRage is designed to be as realistic as possible. This includes varying thickness and textures of media and canvas, the ability to mix media, and a realistic colour blending option, as well as the standard digital RGB blending. It includes a wide array of real life tools, as well as stencils, scrap layers to use as scrap paper or mixing palettes, and the option to integrate reference or tracing images. The later versions (Studio, Studio Pro, and ArtRage 4) include more standard digital tools, such as Select, Transform, Cloner, Symmetry, Fill, and custom brushes ("Sticker").

Each tool is highly customisable, and comes with several presets. It is possible to share custom resources between users and there is a reasonably active ArtRage community that creates and shares presets, canvases, custom brushes, stencils, colour palettes, and other resources.

Tools and features
Real colour blending

ArtRage offers a realistic colour blending option as well as standard digital RGB based blending. It is turned off by default as it is memory intensive but can be turned on from the Tools menu. The most noticeable effect is that green is produced when yellow and blue are mixed.

The color picker supports HSL and RGB colors.

Custom resources
One of the less well known features of ArtRage is the custom resource options. Users can create their own versions of various resources and tools, or record scripts, and share them with other users. Users can save their resource collections as a Package File (.arpack), which acts similar to a ZIP file. It allows folders of resources to be shared and automatically installed. ArtRage can import some Photoshop filters, but not all. It only supports .ttf (TrueType Fonts) which it reads from the computer's fonts folder.

Package files do not work with versions earlier than 3.5. ArtRage Studio does not support Photoshop filters, or allow sticker creation, and has fewer options overall. Alternatively, individual resources can be shared directly. Most of the resources have specific file types.

Versions
ArtRage comes in seven current editions. The mobile apps are ArtRage for Android, ArtRage Oil Painter Free for Android, ArtRage for iPhone, and ArtRage for iPad. A version called ArtRage Touch is also available in the Windows App Store for Metro devices. The desktop versions are ArtRage Lite and ArtRage 4. A free demo version of ArtRage 4 is also available. ArtRage 1, ArtRage 2, ArtRage Studio and ArtRage Studio Pro have been discontinued.

Ambient Design releases a new edition of ArtRage on three to four yearly upgrade cycle. There is a major free update halfway through this cycle (the X.5 edition) and ongoing free patches and minor updates. Some updates continue for the previous version, although support is slowly phased out over time. For example, backdated upgrades to Studio Pro included bug fixes, DRM removal for Steam users, and a fix to allow it to work properly on OS X Mavericks, and the iPad version was updated to include Retina support.

ArtRage is also available through Steam. It was part of the very first non-gaming software launch on Steam, on October 10, 2012. The Steam version does not include DRM and can be used without Steam running.

Languages
ArtRage 4 is available in several languages, but the manual is only available in English. The other versions have manuals available in assorted languages. Language is chosen when installing the program (except for the ArtRage 2 alternative editions).

Japanese/Chinese are only available as Alternative Editions in ArtRage 2
 * ArtRage Studio & Studio Pro Wacom China Editions support English, Traditional Chinese, and Simplified Chinese.
 * ArtRage 2 Japanese Edition supports: Japanese and English interfaces and manuals.
 * ArtRage 2 Wacom China Edition supports Simplified Chinese interface.

Release history
New desktop editions of ArtRage are released approximately every three years, with a major .5 update being released halfway through. There is no official release schedule, and new updates are announced as they are ready.

Free demo versions

These were released alongside their respective editions, as trial software. The earlier editions have been discontinued, and only the current ArtRage 4 demo is now available. Work can only be exported to JPEG format and contains an ArtRage watermark. Images larger than 1280x1024 cannot be saved or exported.

 * ArtRage 2.2 Free Edition: limited trial version
 * Studio Pro Demo Edition: full trial version with some restrictions, expires after 30 days
 * ArtRage 4 Demo edition: full trial version with some restrictions
 * ArtRage Touch: one week trial through the Windows App Store
 * ArtRage Oil Painter Free : limited free app on the Play Store and Amazon App Store
 * ArtRage for Android: free download on some Samsung devices via the Galaxy Gifts program

Software downloads

ArtRage is only sold individually as an online download. It can be bought directly from the company website, or through Steam, but is not sold on any other websites. The free demo is only available from the main site. The mobile (iPad and iPhone) versions can only be bought via the Apple app store and cannot be registered on the ArtRage site. The Android version is available from the GALAXY Gift store for specific Samsung devices, and will be made available on the Samsung Apps and Google Play stores.

Upgrades
Upgrading from ArtRage Lite or any pre-existing desktop editions gives a permanent 50% discount on ArtRage 4 (the most recent full desktop edition). This upgrade discount is handled separately by the Steam and the ArtRage stores, so users cannot currently switch between stores.

To upgrade, owners must register their serial number in the ArtRage members area (unless it is a Steam or mobile version). This also allows users to download both the macOS and the Windows versions of their software at any time, an unlimited number of times.

Steam and mobile versions are updated through Steam and the App Store.

Hardware bundles
The ArtRage for Android app was released as part of a bundle deal with Samsung. It is free for the new Samsung Galaxy Note 4 and Samsung Galaxy Note Edge smartphones, distributed through the GALAXY Gifts store, and is available for purchase from the Galaxy App store for other Samsung devices. It was released for sale on the Google Play Store in February 2015.

ArtRage Lite comes free with the Wacom Intuos Draw tablet.

The older editions of ArtRage also come as bundled software with various devices. ArtRage 2 and ArtRage Studio Pro are still available bundled with several WACOM graphics tablets, as well as various other devices, such as ASUS EP121 tablets, Sony VAIO Laptops, and Adesso Cybertablets. The serial numbers in these cases are handled by the companies distributing the hardware. ArtRage is usually provided as a software download, although it can come pre-installed or on an accompanying CD.

A version of ArtRage called "Ink Art" was included in Microsoft's Experience Pack for the Tablet PC in 2005 and on some older Wacom tablets. Ink Art contained a subset of features offered in the full ArtRage program. Promethean Planet, an educator community, distributes a free version of ArtRage for classroom use on Promethean's range of interactive whiteboards.

Sony Duo PCs
ArtRage is included on the following models from the Sony Duo touchscreen range.
 * Sony VAIO Tap 20
 * Sony VAIO Duo 11
 * Sony VAIO L24
 * Sony VAIO E14P
 * Sony VAIO T13
 * Sony VAIO Duo 13

Wacom Tablet models
(see full Tablet details here)

System support
ArtRage 4.5 has full 64-bit support on Windows and Macs. There are also iOS supported versions for iPhone and iPad.

ArtRage for Android supports Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 and later.

∞Mavericks support added in ArtRage Studio/ Studio Pro versions 3.5.10 and 3.5.11 ∞∞ Windows XP support was dropped in the 4.5 update. The XP compatible version of ArtRage 4 is still available for existing and future owners of the program through the member area. ∞∞∞ ArtRage 3 Multithreading is not compatible with Windows 10. Disable this in ArtRage Preferences. ∞∞∞∞Linux support is unofficial. ∞∞∞∞∞ The Wine installer for ArtRage 4 does not currently work, but it can be worked around by copying program files from a Windows installation

Stylus support
ArtRage 4 supports various Wacom stylus features, although they may vary depending on the tool being used.
 * Pressure, Tilt, Airbrush Wheel, and Barrel Rotation
 * Wacom Stylus Recognition
 * Live Tilt (4.5 only)

ArtRage for iPad supports four Bluetooth stylus brands, as well as the Apple Pencil, which has full pressure and tilt support.
 * Wacom
 * TenOne Pogo Connect
 * Adonit Jot Touch Pro
 * Adobe Creative

ArtRage for Android supports the native Android system for pressure sensitivity, including the Samsung S Pen.

The desktop editions of ArtRage fully support the following Windows Graphics tablet and Tablet computer drivers:
 * AES (ArtRage 4.5.10 onwards)
 * WinTab
 * RealTime Stylus
 * Ink Services (ArtRage 2 only)

Supported file types
ArtRage uses a proprietary file type, ".ptg", which stands for "painting". It can only save as PTG and can only open PSD and PTG files using the File|Open command. However, images can be exported to the following formats: PNG, JPEG, GIF, BMP, TIFF and Adobe Photoshop's .psd format. ArtRage can import all of these file types using the File > Import Image or Import Image as Layer command. Importing PTG files will open the PNG used for thumbnail images instead (this can be used to rescue images from corrupted PTG files).

*Only when exported as an individual layer

Transparency ArtRage supports transparency on imported files, but not on all exported files (for example, GIF and TIFF). It is often easier to export a transparent image as an individual layer, as the Canvas settings can save as opaque on full saves for some file types and in older editions.

Ambient Design
Ambient Design Ltd. is a New Zealand-based software development and publishing firm, specializing in creative applications and user interfaces for artists. It was founded in 2000 by Andy Bearsley and Matt Fox-Wilson. The founders formerly worked for MetaCreations, the developer of Painter, Bryce and Kai's Power Tools, and have worked for Corel, Adobe, Digital Anarchy and Jasc Software. Before that, they developed Deep Paint 3D for Right Hemisphere Ltd, and hid various Easter Eggs in the code.

Awards

 * December 2004 Microsoft® Tablet PC Does Your Application Think in Ink? grand prize winner for ArtRage 1
 * March 2012 "Hot One" Award for Best New Gear from Professional Photographer for ArtRage Studio Pro (edition 3.5)
 * March 2014 Parents' Choice Gold Award for ArtRage for iPad

title: ArtRage


text:
Talk:Grace O'Malley

Requested move 2 July 2020

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: I've gone back and forth over the past hour or so on whether to close this as "no consensus" or as "moved", as it's right on the line where either close could be contemplated. On the one hand, on a pure isolated question of "what is the COMMONNAME for the article?" most people would say "Grace O'Malley". However, COMMONNAME is not the be-all and end-all of article titling policy. There are, sometimes, cases where the most common name is not the most appropriate name, and COMMONNAME allows for those sorts of exceptions. So what is that most appropriate name? Several editors have pointed out that she was contemporarily known by names that more closely resembled the Irish rendering, and from what I can also tell, contemporary sources are tending to follow the more general trend of de-anglicising names (see also: Pyotr vs. Peter Tchaikovsky). This is related to the MOS:IDENTITY point brought up by ; there is a general amount of sensitivity on Wikipedia given with regards to how people would render their own names (see, for example, bell hooks), and I think the obvious answer there would be "Gráinne Ní Mháille". For these reasons, I am just about satisfied that, between this discussion and precedent regarding other titles, the overall consensus is that the article should be moved. (non-admin closure). Sceptre (talk) 05:59, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

Grace O'Malley → Gráinne Ní Mháille – Requesting this article is moved to Gráinne Ní Mháille, which was her actual name. Grace O'Malley is only one of many variations of her name rendered in English and should not be used as the article title. As this is an article about an actual person, not a place or object, it is right to use her proper name and there is nothing in WP:Naming_conventions_(people) that suggests her name should be anglicised. Arianna the First (talk) 00:31, 2 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Support. There is plenty of English-language usage of her actual name as well. Ausir (talk) 00:35, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Support. We should use her actual name blindlynx (talk) 00:49, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose – The common name in English for this subject is Grace O'Malley. A look at Google Ngrams produces no results for the Irish rendering. RGloucester  — ☎ 02:32, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose move per WP:COMMONNAME and Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles (the latter of which really needs a redirect). Her common name is the English form.  O.N.R.  (talk) 03:36, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I've created MOS:IMOS NAMES as a shortcut. Hope that's okay. --RexxS (talk) 17:36, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Support. Her entire life was spent in opposition to the English, it's disrespectful to her and the Irish people to change it to Grace for absolutely no good reason. Faye (talk) 09:30, 2 July 2020 (GMT) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2.25.206.190 (talk)
 * Oppose per WP:COMMONNAME and Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles. Anybody did a check on Google to see what was the most used form? And has anybody proof that the name is offensive to Irish people? The Banner  talk 08:33, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * And if I must believe Seaniemcf2, there is canvassing going on on Twitter, compromising this move request. The Banner  talk 12:10, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure that there was canvassing going on on twitter - at least that wasn't what prompted me to come look but rather a discussion utterly unrelated to Wikipedia about a tv pilot about her. That had most of Irish twitter wanting her called Gráinne. I suspect that encouraged people to see which name was in main use here. Certainly the consensus on the thread I saw was that the Irish people found it... at the very least, irritating, that her name keeps getting replaced by an English substitute.  ☕  Antiqueight  chatter 22:16, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Support. The page itself refers to "contemporary English documents" that list her name as Gráinne or a version closer to that name but not Grace. Both the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography and the Dictionary of Irish Biography - Cambridge University Press in the References have her name translated but retain Gráinne. DarkerDai (talk) 09:11, 2 July 2020 (UTC) — DarkerDai (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic.
 * Support. Her name wasn't Grace O'malley, it was Gráinne Ní Mháille. Grace O'malley is just an inaccurate anglicised version of her name used and popularised by her enemies. Obviously she should be called by her real name in this instance. Seaniemcf2 (talk) 09:52, 2 July 2020 (UTC) — Seaniemcf2 (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic.
 * Support move - Gráinne is preferred as the main forename, with Grace bracketed, in high-quality modern English-language sources such as the ODNB and DIB: while Google Ngrams shows the use of 'Grace', this has a peak in usage around the 1850s. While this could reflect the age distribution of books in the Google Books corpus, use in English-language texts of that period is not necessarily indicative of modern preferred usage. Carminowe of Hendra (talk) 09:54, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Support move Examination of primary documentation in the English manuscripts show that even when anglicising her name they use 'Grayn Ny Vale', ' Grany Ne Malley' 'Grany ne Male' or Grany ni Maelly' (Nat Archives Kew, PRO SP 63/179/f. 7). They using a phonetic representation of her given name as recognised by the English at the time. They wouldn't know who this 'Grace' referred to was. The editor in the state paper during the 19th century repeatedly puts in grace BTW. Also, if you were to decide to write about foreign leaders, say François Mitterrand you would dream of changing it to Francis for an anglophone audience, would you? So why do it here. Gallowglas1598  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gallowglas1598 (talk • contribs) 14:43, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * For François Mitterrand we wouldn't. But for 16th-century leaders like Henry II of France and Sebastian of Portugal we would. Maproom (talk) 15:58, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * And in the contemporaty state papers they did the same to foreign monarchs such as Francis I and Philip II, but not to her. As I said (and which you appear to have no counter) they phonetisised her name, they never inserted an O or used 'Grace', they said her name as she was known 'Grany ni Maelly' in one example. The Crown authorities (not even Sir Richard Bingham) didnt bastardise her name to 'Grace O'Malley' and they hated the sight of her. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gallowglas1598 (talk • contribs) 08:12, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Support move If we can have the wiki pages about https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky rather than "Peter" or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet rather than "Edward" I don't see why we should call the personality of this debate "Grace" when her name was actually Gráinne. Policies and guidelines of Wikipedia are fine when Wikipedia can clearly demonstrate that the rule of using the English language is applied to all personalities in the English Wikipedia. It appears this is NOT always the case. Therefore, Wikipedia editors, in particular, should be more humanist and appreciate what the consensus is requesting. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Appariscente (talk • contribs) 16:12, 2 July 2020 (UTC)  — Appariscente (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic.
 * Support. May I propose Gráinne O'Malley as a compromise though because Gráinne is used regularly as a name when speaking English but we will rarely use Ní Mháille over O'Malley when speaking English. And unlike "Grace" for Gráinne, that is a literal English translation. Stevenbfg (talk) 16:46, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose as I assume the exonym Grace is well-established and (and) she is best known by it in reliable English-language sources. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 17:00, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment Looking at our article Gráinne (given name), this is the only one which is transliterated as "Grace" – which is not "a literal English translation". I've seen Gráinne referred to as implying 'short-haired" as a possible etymology. Our convention is to use whatever is commonest in modern mainstream sources, but I honestly don't think that "Grace O'Malley" vs "Gráinne Ní Mháille" (or its variants) occur often enough to draw any authoritative conclusion. My inclination would be to support the sentiments of those who prefer the Gaeilge form as it would be kind to recognise their concerns, and it really costs us nothing to do so. --RexxS (talk) 17:33, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment. There are a large number of new users and single-purpose accounts that have participated in this discussion. The closing admin will need to keep that in mind. —C.Fred (talk) 17:40, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Support. Gráinne didn't even speak English so it is something of an oddity to see her written as Grace. It is not quite a translation of her name, it's merely a name the English use for people who have Gráinne as a name because there are 3 letters in common at the start. I think we should use a person's actual name not someone else's rendition of it when ever we can.  ☕  Antiqueight  chatter 19:30, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment This kind of echoes C.Fred, but I'd like to go a bit further. I think this discussion has been significantly overtaken by some combination of socks, meatpuppets, and canvassing, resulting in a lot of "me too" and not a lot of real discussion.  Pepper Beast    (talk)  20:29, 2 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose per WP:COMMONNAME and Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles. I did do some Googling to see what name was more commonly used, and it's definitely Grace O'Malley, even within the .ie domain. I do actually think some the points above (ie, about the idea of cultural erasure and what Gráinne likely though of as her own name) are worth discussion, but it amounts to a much wider policy discussion that cannot be settled here.  Pepper Beast    (talk)  22:18, 2 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Googling? Try the primary manuscripts, and secondary calendars of state papers for a bit of academic rigour. Use of 'Grace' is just leftovers of colonial mentality. Should not be maintained just because 'its always been that way', sooner jettisoned the better. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gallowglas1598 (talk • contribs) 08:24, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I did have a look on Google scholar... 'Gráinne Ní Mháille pirate' gets 222 results, 'Gráinne Mhaol pirate', 213, and 'Grace O'Malley pirate' 1770. On JStor, it's 12, 8, and 171. I don't think that using only primary manuscripts is a good way to establish a common name in line with present policy.  Pepper Beast    (talk)  19:10, 3 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Oppose per WP:COMMONNAME and WP:IMOS. "Grace O'Malley" is demonstrably the common name used in English language sources and works. "Gráinne Ní Mháille" might be used in some works, but not to the same extent. A third alternative, "Gráinne Mhaol" (currently a redirect), might also be considered a viable redirect. But this also doesn't supersede the current title. And is somewhat of a later invention, applied as a "lionised" title to the subject by later nationalist movements. In short, crusading SPA editors (espousing a rationale of "disrespect" on behalf of the subject or Irish people/speakers) are better served looking at the relevant project policies. Guliolopez (talk) 02:45, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * A later invention? That was the name used by English administrators in Ireland at the time. 'Grace O'Malley is the later invention, becoming a convenient shorthand for anglophone writers in later centuries. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gallowglas1598 (talk • contribs) 08:29, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Support per AntiqueEight and Gallowglas1988 (though I'd prefer "Gráinne Mhaol" over "Gráinne Ní Mháille", as that's the name I personally have encountered most often). Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 09:23, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose per WP:Commonname. Whilst I have seen one or two mentions of Grainne the vast majority has been Grace. Mabuska (talk) 10:36, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Support, as has been said, her name was Gráinne Ní Mháille and she didn't speak English, so why should the Anglicised rendering be used? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.241.212.230 (talk)
 * Support and for the record, I did not come here via Twitter, nor do I have a twitter account or use that platform. There is absolutely no reason that this person's name (or any other person's name for that matter) should be Anglicized, regardless of the number of sources that support using an Anglicized version. WP:Commonname does not state that the name must be the one most commonly used in sources, but rather that it is "generally prefered". Looking at other naming convention guidelines for help, I note that while WP:Deadname does not speak to the issue of historic figures nor does MOS:IDENTITY, the logic of both is clearly to use what would have been used by the person. In the US, this situation exists most prominently for Native Americans, wherein colonizers gave their communities and people names which have been rejected. For example, though there are plenty of sources that list the former name of the Tohono O'odham, we don't use that name, because the people to whom it refers find it unacceptable. Her name was never Grace and it shouldn't be that regardless of whether there are sources out there that call her that. SusunW (talk) 14:42, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Both WP:Deadname and MOS:IDENTITY are irrelevant for this discussion, not a specific American example. The Banner  talk 14:52, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Actually they are relevant. The English colonized Ireland and renamed Irish cultural figures and items. While sourcing comes from England, the same could be said for the multitudes of people who were slaughtered by the conquest from various nations. For example, the Maya codices were destroyed and what we know of them exists in 3 partial texts and Spanish records. That does not mean that the terms about them should be Spanish for all time. Spain was a repository for the records, just as in this case, England became an archive. As for your statement that a US example isn't relevant, it doesn't matter that it came from another place that was colonized, the experiences of the people were similar in that they and their culture were renamed by others. SusunW (talk) 15:30, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Like it or not, what is relevant to naming articles on English Wikipedia is what the subject is called most frequently in English according to academic & other reliable sources published in English. Nothing else is relevant. Nothing. If that were made clearer, we wouldn't have to have lengthy battles like this about matters which are not relevant to the naming of Wikipedia articles on English Wikipedia. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 17:45, 3 July 2020 (UTC)

Both Cambridge (Royal Irish Academy) Dictionary of Irish National Biography and Oxford Dictionary of National Biography use 'Gráinne O'Malley', is that academic enough? Its a compromise but a fair one — Preceding unsigned comment added by Gallowglas1598 (talk • contribs) 19:30, 3 July 2020 (UTC)

 * English wp has no requirement for sources to be "published in English"; it requires that they be reliable and Verifiable. SusunW (talk) 18:42, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * When it comes to frequency of name usage in English, for English Wikipedia (= common name) yes it does. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 13:33, 5 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Support move This is the general consensus of her real name. The anglicized version can be a redirect for anyone searching for her. Also, I believe MOS:IMOS NAMES overrules WP:COMMONNAME in this situation.   Montanabw (talk) 15:17, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose Not the common name in English sources. Dimadick (talk) 15:40, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Support move per SusunW. Note, most of the articles I start these days are about historical women so I deal with this issue (what to call her) a lot. But I've also dealt with it in years past when I created articles about old Spanish churches/monasteries. Note, I did not come here via Twitter. --Rosiestep (talk) 16:36, 3 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Oppose move per WP:COMMONNAME. I concede that the suggestion to compromise with "Gráinne O'Malley" seems quite a sensible one, but I think the mention of WP:DEADNAME in this context is ludicrous! Bring back Daz Sampson (talk) 13:46, 5 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Support Per COMMONNAME, "inaccurate names for the article subject, as determined in reliable sources, are often avoided even though they may be more frequently used by reliable sources". Gráinne O'Malley is a possible compromise per Stevenbfg, as the "Grace" part is particularly inaccurate. Hrodvarsson (talk) 23:13, 6 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Can you explain (and proof) why you consider the name inaccurate? The Banner  talk 23:28, 6 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Because her name was not "Grace O'Malley". Hrodvarsson (talk) 22:55, 8 July 2020 (UTC)
 * And that is just a statement, not proof. The Banner  talk 09:01, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

After close discussion

 * Where is the consensus for a close and the decision you have decided to enforce? It is quite clear there is anything but a consensus and this is not how such discussions on contested proposals are done. 16 for and 9 against does not equal an overall consensus and Wikipedia is not a democracy. I would suggest requesting more input before coming up with such notions and would suggest you self revert. Mabuska (talk) 08:34, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I object against your decision. For a non-admin close there must be a clear consensus, and as you can see that is not the case. The Banner  talk 09:01, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * If you take out the 3 socks or IPs who only have edited in this discussion, the tally is actually 13 for and 9 against. The close decision was an even worse decision by Sceptre. I will revert on that basis . Mabuska (talk) 09:19, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Hmm, it doesn't seem to be working, possibly due to the unusual way the move was performed. I can however revert the the edits done by Sceptre to the article on the basis on No consensus. Mabuska (talk) 09:25, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Consensus isn't a vote-counting exercise; it's based upon the strength of arguments. Just a "per COMMONNAME" without going into detail why is an incredibly weak argument in an RM, and multiple editors pointed to both historical and contemporary evidence that "Gráinne" is more appropriate in the article title than "Grace", which was taken into account in closing the discussion. Sceptre (talk) 10:01, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Your opinion on the discussion runs contrary to the WP:IMOS in regards to naming articles, which as I was recently informed on a similar topic trumps general policy. Mabuska (talk) 10:11, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

I have brought the incorrect non-admin close to the Administrators Noticeboard for review: Administrators'_noticeboard. The Banner talk 09:57, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Since this looks like it might get reopened, I support the move. Gráinne Ní Mháille was her actual name. I can see arguments of COMMONNAME for people like, say, Lemmy rather than Ian Kilmister but Lemmy embraced that name during his lifetime whereas there is good reason to think Gráinne Ní Mháille wouldn't have particularly liked "Grace O'Malley". Reyk YO! 10:10, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

 * The decision is the correct one. Mumbai, not Bombay' Beijing, not Peking; Uluru not Ayer's Rock. The same principle applies to people, and will become more and more common as geography and history books are de-anglicised. There is still an argument for Gráinne Mhaol over Gráinne Ní Mhaille, but either is better than the wrong name, and a name she never went by in life, being used. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 11:59, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Comment I want to re-iterate that the issue under discussion here (ie, some version of "real name" vs. "common name") is well above this discussion page's pay grade. Current policies (both WP:COMMONNAME and WP:IMOS) make it pretty clear that this article should be titled Grace O'Malley, the name by which she in most commonly known in English-language publications (which puts her squarely in line with everyone from Christopher Columbus to Confucius). Having said that, the sheer fact that her real name was Gráinne is non-trivial, and that may not be well enough addressed by WP policy. However, this is a discussion page for this article only. For the present, we have to apply the existing policy. If Wikipedia policy is significantly out-of-step with reasonable, modern editorial standards or just too much of a blunt instrument, then it's time for new discussions (RFC?) of WP:COMMONNAME and WP:IMOS.   Pepper Beast    (talk)  14:45, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Actually, we don't have to apply existing policy, since it's possible to argue that changing the title improves the article, which satisfies WP:5P5.
 * Nevertheless, there is an argument that the trend in naming has shifted from Grace O'Malley to Gráinne Ní Mháille as we move away from mid-19th century sources, and that does not seem to have been rebutted. At the risk of repeating myself, this is the only article on the English Wikipedia for someone whose given name was Gráinne that uses the anglicisation "Grace". We seem to have agreed that Gráinne is the right form for all of the others and that ought to show how the issue is handled generally – and policy is supposed to reflect usage, not the other way round. --RexxS (talk) 15:13, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * The 2007 edition of the Oxford Companion to Irish History edited by S J Connolly mentions only Grace O'Malley also known as Granuile. No mention of Grainne. Also just because she only spoke Irish (so we are told) does not mean automatically that she would be aghast to find her name Anglicised as Grace. That is OR at its worst. For all we know she may even have liked it if it was used in her time. But we will never know and shouldn't decide what she felt. Instead we follow the IMOS on the issue. Mabuska (talk) 16:31, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * The great irony is that in this discussion only the mention of Ngram and from the looks of it the academic source I provided mentioned above are the only evidence provided by either side ignoring the socks, of which one mentioned a source using the translated name. The rest appears to be nothing but personal opinion, possibly influenced by recentism even. Not a great way to settle which is more common for use and thus why this move was poorly done and against IMOS. Mabuska (talk) 17:24, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Please re-read my comments above. I didn't do any in-depth research, but I did at least search via Google, Google Scholar, and JStor for relative name frequency.   Pepper Beast    (talk)  17:59, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I apologise for missing your contribution, which does have major bearing on the issue as it only further backs up why this move was wrong and does not meet the requirements for the move. Where is the evidence that Grainne Ni Mhaille is the predominant English use name? Nowhere to be seen. Mabuska (talk) 19:55, 9 July 2020 (UTC)

Should not have been moved. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 10:23, 10 July 2020 (UTC)

Three big problems with this close
You’ve mentioned a fantastic “more appropriate” criterion several times, but it has no basis in relevant policy at WP:AT. That’s one big problem with your close. As to “citing COMMONNAME without going into detail why“, that’s common practice when the name in question is unquestionably the one most commonly used in reliable English sources, which is clearly the case here. To dismiss those arguments as “incredibly weak” flies in the face of how RMs have been evaluated since day 1. That’s another big problem with your close. While the arguments in Support here based on original usage are good arguments, they don’t belong in WP RM discussions and so those are the ones that should have been dismissed. Those are arguments to be made at publisher’s offices. If and when such arguments prevail with publishers of reliable English sources, then we can use that as basis to move an article such as this one, based on COMMONNAME. That’s the third big problem with your close. This article should not have been moved. —В²C ☎ 19:43, 24 July 2020 (UTC)

"Commonly known" or "commonly known in English"?
I cannot find this reversal helpful. The fact that a person's name has been anglicized does not automatically mean that they are commonly known worldwide by that English exonym. I believe in the best possible clarity and not in assuming that English dominates everything on the planet. I was against the move because the exonym apparently is what she overwhelmingly is referred to in reliable English-language sources, which is how I still believe policy on English Wikipedia dictates that articles should be named. Now that the move has been done (with tactics that I have strongly objected to) let's not retaliate with a lack of clarity which we does not inform our readers correctly. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 13:02, 14 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Could you clarify, what change are you proposing? Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 15:46, 14 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Couldn't be clearer if you use the link I provided. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 13:37, 15 July 2020 (UTC)
 * "anglicised and commonly known as Grace O'Malley" means almost the same as "anglicised and commonly known in English as Grace O'Malley." Neither would be entirely accurate, though. "anlgicised and known outside Ireland as Grace O'Malley" might pass muster, though? Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 15:06, 15 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I looked up the results in Dutch (just for fun) and "Grace O'Malley" got twice as much hits as "Gráinne Ní Mháille". But as far as I know this is the English language Wikipedia, as stated on the main page: This Wikipedia is written in English. not the Irish language version. The Banner  talk 17:01, 15 July 2020 (UTC)
 * How did Gráinne Mhaol fair? I get far more hits for Ayer's Rock than I do for Uluru, too, but we've recognised cultural appropriation is a bad thing. But didn't we make these arguments already? Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 18:33, 15 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Any evidence to back up your claims or just more of your clear bias on the matter that you've displayed at your talk page and elsewhere? At least those that opposed the move did so as far as I'm aware simply because of policy, which for now still exists. If your issue is with "cultural appropriation" then argue at the relevant policy talk pages for change instead of backing policy violations at articles.
 * Personally the sentence is poor as it is. We state also known as Grainne O'Malley and then state Anglicised as Grace O'Malley. Is O'Malley not an anglicisation? Better wording is needed. Mabuska (talk) 20:30, 15 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I was interested to see that my Google searches for "Gráinne Ní Mháille" (26,800), "Grainne Ni Mhaille" (25,300), "Gráinne Mhaol" (25,700), and "Grainne Mhaol" (25,800) gave me different sites (all in English) on the first page as well as different totals. No doubt there are other variants of the name, all of which leads me to be suspect of using Google results as indicators of anything. Google Scholar follows the same pattern, albeit with much smaller numbers, so I'm no more confident of that. --RexxS (talk) 20:43, 15 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Personally the sentence is poor as it is. We state also known as Grainne O'Malley and then state Anglicised as Grace O'Malley. Is O'Malley not an anglicisation? Better wording is needed. Mabuska (talk) 20:30, 15 July 2020 (UTC)
 * I was interested to see that my Google searches for "Gráinne Ní Mháille" (26,800), "Grainne Ni Mhaille" (25,300), "Gráinne Mhaol" (25,700), and "Grainne Mhaol" (25,800) gave me different sites (all in English) on the first page as well as different totals. No doubt there are other variants of the name, all of which leads me to be suspect of using Google results as indicators of anything. Google Scholar follows the same pattern, albeit with much smaller numbers, so I'm no more confident of that. --RexxS (talk) 20:43, 15 July 2020 (UTC)

Grammar problem ...
... in the first sentence of the lead. I don't know why, according to this revert Wikipedia would want to say that "he anglicised name of Gráinne Ní Mháille, and also known as Gráinne O'Malley[1] was the lord of the Ó Máille dynasty ... " The name was not the lord. The woman was. Agreed? --SergeWoodzing (talk) 13:25, 11 September 2020 (UTC)

 * We wouldn't, and we don't. It's perfectly understandable, normal grammar. It would read better with the anglicisation dealt with in brackets, and I'll make that change now. Your change - "Grace O'Malley (c. 1530 – c. 1603), as per the anglicised name of Gráinne Ní Mháille" - is the ungrammatical one. "GO'M, in accordance with the anglicised name of GNíM"? What does that mean? Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 10:38, 12 September 2020 (UTC)
 * I've taught English since 1964, but not you. I've also been paid huge sums by firms & individuals for correcting this kind of thing. Not by you. Your English & mine are not the same. Let's leave it at that! Now, I'll have a look at what you've done today. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 11:16, 12 September 2020 (UTC)--SergeWoodzing (talk) 11:16, 12 September 2020 (UTC)
 * We now have back-to-back parentheses, which is a no-no, plus we still have a misplaced modifier in the opening sentence, but now it's double.
 * The article name is now also what the article is about, not the woman.
 * The anglicized version of her name was the lord, not the woman.
 * Still needs to be fixed, in other words. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 11:28, 12 September 2020 (UTC)

I suggest:

Grace O'Malley (c. 1530 – c. 1603), widely known by her native name Gráinne Ní Mháille and also known as Gráinne O'Malley,was the lord of the Ó Máille dynasty in the west of Ireland, and the daughter of Eoghan Dubhdara Ó Máille.

--SergeWoodzing (talk) 11:32, 12 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Gentlemen, gentlemen... please calm down. No need for a boxing contest. The Banner  talk 11:51, 12 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Calm down? What on earth motivated that remark? I am, and have been, quite calm here. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 10:48, 13 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Good edit. Thanks. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 11:50, 14 September 2020 (UTC)

That edit is a load of silliness. All that is needed to be stated is "also known by her Irish name". Stating "widely" is contentious and without evidence, promoting a falsehood as fact, and stating "native name" is political point scoring and not the norm in how we deal with the matter. Mabuska (talk) 18:37, 27 September 2020 (UTC)

 * The only silliness is you claiming it's a falsehood without evidence. You had your little victory with reversing the page move, please stop flogging the dead horse. It's beneath you. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 19:49, 27 September 2020 (UTC)
 * The statement of "widely" is a falsehood and has nothing to do with the name of the article. You keep trying to portray something as more common than it really is. You really need to stop with your flogging of a dead horse. I note you ignored the point on political point scoring. Mabuska (talk) 12:30, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

 * What - precisely - is "false" about over 21,000 google hits for Gráinne Ní Mháille? I don't understand what 'political point scoring' exists in pointing out what her actual name was or that's it's commonly used. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 13:06, 28 September 2020 (UTC)

Requested move 3 February 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Not moved. Once again, "common name" and "use English" win the discussion, as they are longstanding well-established rules here. If you try this in the future, please make sure you show exactly how "Gráinne O'Malley" is the common name in our shared language. Red  Slash  19:28, 10 February 2021 (UTC)

Grace O'Malley → Gráinne O'Malley – Consistency with the official name of the historical figure, improperly closed discussion. Jamesroseman (talk) 21:27, 3 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Support. Google Trends indicates that both Grace O'Malley and Gráinne O'Malley are equally unsearched for terms. By Wikipedia's own tenets on naming, we should be looking at recognizability, naturalness, precision, conciseness, and consistency. This historical figure is best known by her Irish name, seeing as she is an Irish figure and that heritage is a part of the cause she is known for (see also: Muhammad Ali v. Cassius Clay). Across Wikipedia, more pages refer to this historical figure by her Irish name (either Gráinne Ní Mháille, Gráinne Mhaol, or Gráinne O'Malley). That similar figures (Jacques de Sores, Jan van Ryen) keep their natural-born names is precedent for this move. Additionally, the past page move request (July 2020) is under review for administrative impropriety. A look at Google NGrams provides credence to Gráinne O'Malley or Gráinne Mhaol as alternatives. Jamesroseman (talk) 21:44, 3 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Why should the earlier discussion be improperly closed? For your information: this is the English-language Wikipedia. The Banner  talk 21:58, 3 February 2021 (UTC)

 * The "English-language Wikipedia" manages to respect many historical figures whose names are not in English when that name is more accurate or else better known (see: Éduard Manet). I contend that Grace O'Malley is equally known, but less accurate, than Gráinne O'Malley. Jamesroseman (talk) :::That is not an answer as why the earlier move request was improperly closed. The Banner  talk 22:20, 3 February 2021 (UTC)
 * The discussions and comments above cover this, no need to go over it again. The nominator just happens to agree with many of the discussion participants. Randy Kryn (talk) 22:38, 3 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Or he just does not agree with an outcome not conform his opinion.  The Banner talk 23:03, 3 February 2021 (UTC)
 *  Gráinne Ní Mháille is her name, and for a major historical figure to have an article with a totally different name (supposedly her "name" in English, and if you called her 'Grace' to her face she'd probably cut ya) doesn't do Wikipedia well. And for your viewing and listening pleasure, the pirate queen and her singing counterpart. Randy Kryn (talk) 22:03, 3 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose per WP:COMMONNAME and WP:USEENGLISH. This is the English Wikipedia and we use the common English name for historical figures. For example: John Calvin, not Jehan Cauvin or Jean Calvin. Rreagan007 (talk) 22:59, 3 February 2021 (UTC)
 * And Joan of Arc. How hard is it to spell Jeanne d'Arc. Maybe it should be at Jeanne d'Arc with Joan of Arc listed as the common name. Even her father Jacques and brother Pierre get to keep their real names. There should be some exceptions to spelling a name in English, Wikipedia allows for exceptions and the ignoring of any rule. Jeanne d'Arc seems like one of those. As is, potentially, this page. Randy Kryn (talk) 01:35, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * So you want to move Joan of Arc too? I think that's highly unlikely to happen. "Jeanne d'Arc" simply isn't very recognizable to most English Wikipedia readers, and the main reason that we title articles by their common name is for recognizability, so that average readers will easily be able to find the article that they are searching for. And it's so predictable how people always seem to want to ignore all the rules when Wikipedia policy is so clearly against their position. Rreagan007 (talk) 02:39, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * That's the only way ignore all rules works, the last resort for common sense concepts. I know Joan of Arc being moved is unlikely, and haven't tested it. This one though, Grace O'Malley is so far from her real name as to be a different name altogether. Randy Kryn (talk) 02:46, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Well this is a formal move request discussion, and is therefore supposed to be based on Wikipedia's article naming policies. Rreagan007 (talk) 02:55, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, but ignore all rules says to ignore those policies for a common sense move. To the victor shouldn't go all the spoils. Tis the rebel in Wales. Randy Kryn (talk) 03:04, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Since you're citing ignore all rules as the justification for moving this article, that obviously means that you agree that moving this article would be a violation of WP:COMMONNAME. Rreagan007 (talk) 05:05, 4 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose per WP:COMMONNAME and Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles. My comments from the last time this was discussed (less than a year ago) still stand. I did do some Googling and searching via Google scholar to see what name was more commonly used, and it's definitely Grace O'Malley, even within the .ie domain. I do actually think some the points made about "accuracy" and what Gráinne likely though of as her own name are worth discussing, but not here. That amounts to a much wider policy discussion that cannot be settled on a single article talk page. For now, Gráinne can continue to keep company with everyone from Confucius to Sitting Bull.  Pepper Beast    (talk)  02:27, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Your comments last move are irrelevant, this topic is discussing the name Gráinne O'Malley, not her birth name. The use of Grace and Gráinne as her first name are equal in every Trends I've checked, and Grace is egregiously inaccurate. We should defer to accuracy here. Jamesroseman (talk) 08:16, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, indeed Google Trends has a far more American outlook than the editors involved in this discussion. The Banner  talk 10:06, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * This isn't the "American" Wikipedia, it's the English-language Wikipedia. Jamesroseman (talk) 13:23, 4 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose move. This is the same as last year's RM, which was very contentious and ended with no move. My common-name argument from last time still stands; she's typically Grace O'Malley in English.  O.N.R.  (talk) 05:46, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * This is not the same as last year's RM, which requested a move to Gráinne Ní Mháille, while this is for a move to Gráinne O'Malley. She is equally known as Gráinne O'Malley and Grace O'Malley, so we should defer to accuracy here. Jamesroseman (talk) 08:16, 4 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Support move. Yes, there is WP:COMMONNAME, but that is inconclusive for me - I'm getting almost as many search results for "Gráinne O'Malley" as for "Grace O'Malley" (and then there are obviously more at "Gráinne Mhaol" and "Gráinne Ní Mhaille". "Grace" is simply wrong and wasn't used in contemporary texts. There is, as alluded to above, the issue of colonialism and appropriation. We have articles at Uluru and Kolkata, not at Ayer's Rock and Calcutta for a reason. And that reason isn't WP:COMMONNAME. Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 10:00, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose English Wikipedia should use her well-established English exonym. Recently decided, no development since then, needs no further action. --SergeWoodzing (talk) 10:11, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * This is not the same as last year's RM, which requested a move to Gráinne Ní Mháille, while this is for a move to Gráinne O'Malley. She is equally Gráinne O'Malley and Grace O'Malley, so we should defer to accuracy here.Jamesroseman (talk) 13:23, 4 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose Per WP:COMMONNAME, Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles and per a check in some Irish newspapers, where one newspaper came with the question "Who?" when asking if it knew Gráinne O'Malley. The other two came up with a few hits about that name, against hundreds at Grace O'Malley. The Banner  talk 10:30, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * The linked guide to Irish naming contains itself a reference to when to choose English vs. Irish names. "Where the English- and Irish-language names are different: ...and the English name predominates in English, use the English name ...and the Irish name is the official name, but has not yet gained favour in English, use the English name ...and the Irish name is official and has gained favour in English, use the official Irish name ." Additionally, the guide itself references Máirtín Ó Cadhain, whose Anglicized name (Martin Kyne) is not used because of the aforementioned rules. That one newspaper had one article is not reason enough. Grace O'Malley and Gráinne O'Malley are equal in popularity, so we should use the more accurate one. Jamesroseman (talk) 13:23, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Additionally, with regard to WP:COMMONNAME: "The choice between anglicized and local spellings should follow English-language usage, e.g. the non-anglicized titles Besançon, Søren Kierkegaard, and Göttingen are used because they predominate in English-language reliable sources, whereas for the same reason the anglicized title forms Nuremberg, Delicatessen, and Florence are used (as opposed to Nürnberg, Delikatessen, and Firenze, respectively)." Jamesroseman (talk) 13:28, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * No, you are wrong. We should follow the sources and guidelines, not a private opinion. The Banner  talk 14:36, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * "We should follow the sources and guidelines" -- I agree, we should. Gráinne O'Malley (or Gráinne Mhaol) is the correct choice, adhering to naming conventions as laid out by Wikipedia. I have provided my reasoning above for why this is the case. Jamesroseman (talk) 15:12, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Than prove your point with the sources. Not with your Google Trends, as that supporthe the use of Grace O'Malley... The Banner  talk 15:22, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * And about your NGram in your original response: I have added a few years and an extra name (yes, Grace O'Malley) and see the result. The Banner  talk 15:28, 4 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Comment:, it's really not necessary or helpful to engage with every contributor with an opposing viewpoint. Please see WP:BLUDGEON. Regards, Bastun Ėġáḍβáś₮ŭŃ! 15:45, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Apologies! Jamesroseman (talk) 17:12, 4 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose per WP:USEENGLISH and WP:COMMONNAME. Springnuts (talk) 09:57, 5 February 2021 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Late to the party but just adding my oppose based on my previous request responses. Mabuska (talk) 18:57, 31 March 2021 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Grace O'Malley


text:
User talk:Gerwo~enwiki

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Gerwo. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Gerwo~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:04, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 13:14, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gerwo~enwiki


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brad Sullivan

 * vanity alert . --Ianb 13:14, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * How'd you do that? Delete. Geogre 13:35, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * delete Dunc_Harris|☺ 15:03, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Let's stop this before VfD becomes a really annoying page to read (*grin*) . Oh, and delete. Bearcat 19:03, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm going to vote delete as soon as the seizures stop. -- Cyrius|✎ 00:25, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * 'Blink' is every bit as annoying as FLASH was in BASIC. Plus que ca change, plus que c'est la meme chose. Denni ☯  01:26, 2004 Jul 31 (UTC)
 * Delete geocities vanity page. If y'all would use Firefox, pop-ups would no longer be a problem.
 * I don't remember a FLASH command, but in GWBASIC and QBASIC, you could make text blink by setting the background color to a value greater than 7 (as bright backgrounds were impossible.) Thus:
 * 10 COLOR 7,12

 * 20 PRINT "Frogs are beautiful!"

 * run

 * <tt>
Frogs are beautiful! </tt>
 * Я съел мою кошку. Two can play at the "end on a language quip" game!  --Ardonik 03:59, Jul 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * FLASH was/is a command in (what I consider to be the definitive) Applesoft BASIC. BTW, no fair using non-Roman alphabets - mine says "The more things change, the more they stay the same." Your translation? Denni ☯ 18:25, 2004 Jul 31 (UTC)
 * Yah c'yel moyu koshku: Russian for "I ate my cat." --Ardonik 19:13, Jul 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * Putin really needs to fix that economy. Maybe a "Five Year Plan" or something. -- orthogonal 20:38, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * The ZX Spectrum had a <tt>FLASH</tt> command too. あなたは自分の猫をホントに食べましたか？--Ianb 20:11, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC
 * Delete . Non-notable. Story on his website doesn't match too well with the article. Born 1985; "Im now currently 'working' for my Higher School Certificate in year 12 at Mosman High School, the only school in New South Wales with no uniform! After school I'm spending a year in Japan tutoring English, after that, I'll be coming back to Australia, maybe (depending on UAI) go to Uni and Study Paleontology and/or Cryptozoology...Besides that, i wanna open up a pub...oh yeah, and become Dictator of the world and retire...Not that I plan to live that long!" See http://www.geocities.com/scradd2k/about [[User:dpbsmith|dpbsmith (talk)]] 19:03, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Yeah, its just bullcrap made by me. I dunno why i did it exactly, but now im LMFAO at some of the comments. Yeah, just delete the crap. More Popups than you can imagine!? AND ITS NOT A BLOG! Its MY foward to the newtechpirates. ... oh yeah, and BLOG is an Acronym(?) for Boring LOG. So yeah, just delete.
 * Above comment was by User:Brad Sullivan (in the future, you can sign your edits with ~ .) --Ardonik 08:47, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Welcome to Wikipedia, Brad. A lot of people make inappropriate edits at first because they can't quite believe they can really do it. Hope you'll consider sticking around. [[User:dpbsmith|dpbsmith (talk)]] 12:09, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete - it is possible - Tεx  τ  urε  15:05, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * 10 Points to Texture for the most aggravating comment. Geogre 17:00, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
HMS Umbra

HMS Umbra (P35) was a Royal Navy U-class submarine built by Vickers-Armstrongs at Barrow-in-Furness. So far she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name Umbra.

Career
She spent most of the war in the Mediterranean, where she sank the Italian cargo ships SS Assunta De Gregori, Francesco Barbaro, Sacro Cuore, Emilio Morandi, the Italian transport ship Manfredo Campiero, and the German cargo ship SS Süllberg (1912). She also sank the Italian salvage vessel Rampino, and picked up her sole survivor, and torpedoed and sank the damaged ITALIAN CRUISER Trento on 15 June 1942. Trento had already been damaged by a torpedo from a British Beaufort aircraft (No. 217 Squadron RAF based at Malta). She also attacked the ITALIAN BATTLESHIP Littorio, but her torpedoes missed their target.

Umbra also torpedoed and destroyed the grounded Italian supply ship Amsterdam on 23 October 1942, and sank the Italian tug Pronta that was trying to salvage the Amsterdam. The Amsterdam had been grounded after being hit by a torpedo in an air attack. Umbra also damaged the Italian troop ship Piemonte and the Italian cargo ship Napoli. The ship was beached and later destroyed by aircraft. She later attacked and damaged the German troop ship Macedonia north of Sousse, Tunisia. The damaged German ship was beached and abandoned. She also launched an attack on the Italian cargo ship Nino Bixio, but missed her.

One of her last actions was to attack the Italian sailing vessels Nuovo Domenico and Concetta Falco by gunfire in the Gulf of Hammamet on 11 January 1943. Nuovo Domenico was damaged in the attack.

She survived the war, was sold for scrap on 9 July 1946, and was broken up at Blyth.

title: HMS Umbra


text:
Talk:Paper machine

Need new paper machine outline drawing
This drawing is missing the wire turning roll and the dandy roll is mis-labeled. The press section is an old style. There are not enough dryers. The calender rolls are not in a "stack", as is normal practice.Phmoreno (talk) 20:28, 4 November 2010 (UTC)

Notes on October 5-8, 2010 updates
I did an extensive revision of most of this article based on my experience in the industry. I have not been active in the industry for several years, so the material may be dated. Also it has been quite a while since I attended the TAPPI courses on which my revision was based. Anyone having better information is welcome to make revisions.

The Technical Association for the Pulp and Paper Industry is the best source of information on this topic. Suppliers to the industry are also good sources, and they contribute their knowledge to TAPPI. I believe all of this information is availible on CD or DVD, at a charge that only businesses can probably afford.Phmoreno (talk) 00:12, 10 October 2010 (UTC)

Fourdrinier machine
As I am a complete beginner at this extraordinary site, please forgive infelicitous format, etc.

I completely agree that the excision of dandy roll, couch etc is in correct and unhelpful. These terms are still in use today. The dandy roll puts the water mark on the paper and was patented for this purpose in 1839 (Joynson). Its original use had been to produce a finish more like hand made paper. The couch roll is a key item on the machine as it is here that the web is gripped for removal from the wire and transmission to the next section. Couch moreover, being derived from the French "coucher", to lay down, reminds us that until the invention of the machine in principal by Louis Robert in the midst of the French Revolution, paper was hand made and laid on the post (pile of wet sheets ready for pressing, by the "coucheur" or in English. the coucher. The machine is called Fourdrinier after the two brothers of that name who financed its development in England after various shinannigins whereby the design and sample paper was taken to England.  Athough preceded by developmental patents, the key patent is 3068 of 1807 to Fourdriniers and Gamble.  Bryan Donkin was the key engineer in the development.  The first commercial machine, crude as it was, was installed at Frogmore, Hertfordshire in 1804 and this was followed by another experiment and then a better version at Two Waters nearby in 1805.  This machine cost £4204.

This early machine made paper was of course rag based. Wood came along much later.

The reference to aligning the fibres is I think also incorrect. The whole point about paper is that the fibres are NOT aligned.

At least the comment in a local history article in Somerset England that the "four Drinier brothers" were involved has been avoided

BGL

it is spelled calender I changed it
It is spelled Calender, not Calendar. One is a papermaking piece of equipment, the other tells you what day it is. ;)

Function of the slice
i have edited out one gross error from the "Wet end" section (not that I'm at all happy with the rest!). The slice does NOT regulate the mass per square meter ("grammage") of the paper. This is done earlier in the approach flow to the machine, by controlling the consistency (% solids content) and rate of flow of stock. The slice only controls the volume of flow onto the wire, which is governed by the volume of dilution water picked up at the fan pump. As regards fibre alignment: the fibres in machine-made papers are, in fact (owing to the motion of stock and wire), aligned to some degree, with a preponderance of fibres aligned toward the machine direction. This affects the properties of paper, which are quite different in the two directions ( called "machine direction" and cross-machine direction"): the paper is said to be "anisotropic". In hand-made papers, the directional distribution of fibres is random; the properties of the paper (Tearing resistance, tensile strength) are the same in whatever direction they are measured. Hand-made papers are said to be "isotropic".

lionello

Press Update
Guys;

I just made some massive changes to press. I hope that it meets everyones approval.

I like the way this page is done, but I was thinking maybe we should "dumb down" or get better links on other pages to bring people here, like on that papermaking page that has absolutely nothing to do with modern papermaking.

I would also like to introduce different formers (inverform, belbond, duoformers, mini-fourdriniers) that relate to standard fourdriniers. Not sure how to handle non-fourdrinier former types, but they need access somehow to calenders, dryers, and press without having to refer to fourdriniers.

Thoughts? Shoud we sectionalise the fourdrinier machine page?

Thanks;

Anthony

Removing Charles Kinsey
After reading several 19th century books on paper-making history, in particular, the Fourdrinier Paper-Making Machine from Paper Manufacturing in the United States, 1916,, I find nothing to support the claim that Charles Kinsey had any significant contribution in the development of the Fourdrinier paper-making machine. In fact, Fourdriner's British patent of July 1806 pre-dates by almost a year Kinsey's US patent of May 1807. Further, the books I have read give credit to Louis Robert in France.

Therefore, until someone more knowledgeable than I can furnish references to support returning it, I am removing the following paragraph:

"Invented by Charles Kinsey of Paterson, New Jersey with foreign patents secured in 1807 and 1808, the "wooden man" as it was called (owing to the prototype being made entirely from wood), became the Fourdrinier Machine after Kinsey's rights were conveyed to Messrs. H. and F. Fourdrinier of France, who improved on its design."

This paragraph of information appears to come from a web page on ancestry which is in error when referring to "H. and F." Fourdriner, since Henry collaborated with his brother Sealy. So who is "F" ?

IGE

Images
I added some images that I found on Wikimedia today. They're 1. not all from the same place (though the Florida resource that was kind enough to upload two of them has more images), 2. black and white, and 3. not a 'perfect fit' ... but they're what's available. It'd be great if someone could diagram the process. It's complicated and an overview graphic would help a lot. Twang (talk) 19:07, 24 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Added a diagram and removed the reqdiagram tag. I drew on a number of illustration on the 'net, but like all these things, every picture shows a slightly different machine. Hope this is correct. Egmason (talk) 03:34, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

Proposed merge with Headbox
This is little more than a definition of a small part of a machine Derek Andrews (talk) 11:45, 4 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Go for it. Though we do love parts lists on the WP. --Wtshymanski (talk) 18:45, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Support The headbox article is a stem and by itself a headbox does not merit an article. It's far too specialized for anything other than a paper technology text.Phmoreno (talk) 20:12, 4 September 2017 (UTC)

degree of automatisation ?
I would like to know figures like "production of 1 ton of paper needs 2 hours of work (production workers). --Präziser (talk) 08:42, 15 September 2020 (UTC)

Merger proposal
I propose to merge Ultrasonic foil (papermaking) into Paper machine. Ultrasonic foil (papermaking) is currently a stub with one a dead link as reference. I don't think it merits its own article and the content could be integrated here. Alan Islas (talk) 12:02, 19 December 2020 (UTC)

Inclusion of sheeting section after winding
I will soon add a sheeting section as important part of paper process. Here only winding is given in brief but not other mentions. Anubhavmpm (talk) 08:18, 30 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paper machine


text:
Millennium Stadium

The Millennium Stadium (Stadiwm y Mileniwm), known since 2016 as the Principality Stadium (Stadiwm Principality) for sponsorship reasons, is the national stadium of Wales. Located in Cardiff, it is the home of the Wales national rugby union team and has also held Wales national football team games. Initially built to host the 1999 Rugby World Cup and replacing the National Stadium, it has gone on to host many other large-scale events, such as the Tsunami Relief Cardiff concert, the Super Special Stage of Wales Rally Great Britain, the Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain and various concerts. It also hosted FA Cup, League Cup and Football League play-off finals while Wembley Stadium was being redeveloped between 2001 and 2006, as well as football matches during the 2012 Summer Olympics.

The stadium is owned by Millennium Stadium plc, a subsidiary company of the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU). The architects were Bligh Lobb Sports Architecture. The structural engineers were WS Atkins and the building contractor was Laing. The total construction cost of the stadium was £121 million, of which the Millennium Commission funded £46 million.

The Millennium Stadium opened in June 1999 and its first major event was an international rugby union match on 26 June 1999, when Wales beat South Africa in a test match by 29–19 before a crowd of 29,000. With a total seating capacity of 73,931, it is the largest stadium in Wales and the fourth largest (and second largest outside London) in the United Kingdom by total capacity. In addition, it is the third-largest stadium in the Six Nations Championship behind the Stade de France and Twickenham. It is also the second-largest stadium in the world with a fully retractable roof and was the second stadium in Europe to have this feature. Listed as a category four stadium by UEFA, the stadium was chosen as the venue for the 2017 UEFA Champions League Final, which took place on 3 June 2017. In 2015, the Welsh Rugby Union announced a 10-year sponsorship deal with the Principality Building Society that saw the stadium renamed as the "Principality Stadium" from early 2016.

Background
Until 1969, Cardiff RFC and Wales both played their home matches on the same pitch at Cardiff Arms Park, but all this changed in the 1969–70 season. As a result of an agreement between Cardiff Athletic Club and the WRU, the National Stadium project established that a new stadium for international matches and events was required, with Cardiff RFC moving to a new, purpose-built stadium on the original cricket ground at the site of the former Cardiff Arms Park stadium. By 7 April 1984 the National Stadium was officially opened. However, in 1994, a committee was set up to consider redeveloping the National Stadium, and by 1995 the WRU had been chosen to host the 1999 Rugby World Cup.

In 1995, the National Stadium, which was designed in 1962, only had a capacity of 53,000; other nations' stadia, such as Twickenham (England) with a capacity of 75,000, and Murrayfield Stadium (Scotland) with a capacity of 67,000, had overtaken it. France was also about to build the Stade de France, which would have a capacity of more than 80,000 for the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The original capacity of the National Stadium was 65,000, but this had been reduced to 53,000, due to the Taylor Report. 11,000 of 53,000 capacity was on the East Terrace and the conversion to an all-seater stadium would have reduced the stadium capacity still further to just 47,500.

In addition to the problems of capacity, the National Stadium was also very well hidden by the neighbouring buildings to the south in Park Street, Wood Street and to the east in Westgate Street, and also by Cardiff Rugby Ground in the north. It was only fully visible from across the River Taff in the west. Access to the ground was also very restricted with the main entrance being a narrow opening in Westgate Street to the east which was shared by both vehicles and spectators alike.

The options for the new stadium included adding a third tier to the existing National Stadium, or moving to a new site. This last option was discounted because it would have required a vast car parking facility, and that would have put severe short-term pressures on the local transport infrastructure, creating traffic jams and pollution. The committee eventually chose a new stadium on the same site but with considerable increase in its capacity. It would also involve moving the alignment of the stadium from west–east to north–south. This was the option supported by the Millennium Commission. It would become the fourth redevelopment of the Cardiff Arms Park site. It was also decided that the new stadium should have a sliding roof to accommodate a multi-use venue, with a grass pitch for rugby and football. The only other sliding roofs in Europe at the time were at two Dutch stadia – the Amsterdam Arena, completed in 1996 with a capacity of 50,000; and Gelredome in Arnhem, a 30,000-capacity ground built from 1996 to 1998.

To remain on the Arms Park site, additional space had to be found to allow safe access and to provide room for the increased capacity and improved facilities. This was achieved by the purchase of adjacent buildings to the south and east and by the construction of a new £6 million River Walk by the River Taff on the western side of the stadium.

By 1999, the Millennium Stadium had replaced the National Stadium, Cardiff Arms Park, as the national stadium of Wales for rugby union and association football international matches. Cardiff RFC continued as before to play at Cardiff Arms Park rugby ground, which had replaced the cricket ground in 1969.

Construction
The stadium was designed by a team led by Rod Sheard at Lobb Sport Architecture, who later merged with HOK Sport to become Populous. The building contractor was Laing and the structural engineers were WS Atkins. Mike Otlet of WS Atkins designed the stadium's retractable roof, which was constructed by Kelsey Roofing Industries. Cimolai S.p.A. from Italy fabricated and erected the 72 steel plane frames for the stands and all the 4,500 components of the roof.

Construction involved the demolition of a number of buildings, primarily the existing National Stadium (Cardiff Arms Park), Wales Empire Pool (swimming pool) in Wood Street, Cardiff Empire Telephone Exchange building (owned by BT) in Park Street, the newly built Territorial Auxiliary & Volunteer Reserve building in Park Street, and the Social Security offices in Westgate Street. The stadium was built by Laing in 1999 on the site of the National Stadium, with the head of construction being Steve Ager. It was built for the 1999 Rugby World Cup, for which Wales was the main host, with seven of the 41 matches, including the final, being played at the stadium.

The total construction cost of the stadium was £121 million, which was funded by private investment and £46 million of public funds from the Millennium Commission, the sale of debentures to supporters (which offered guaranteed tickets in exchange for an interest-free loan) and loans. The development left the WRU heavily in debt.

The Millennium Stadium was named as such in recognition of the Millennium Commission's contribution to the building.

The stadium was first used for a major event on 26 June 1999, when Wales played South Africa in a rugby union test match before a crowd of 29,000. Wales won 29–19: the first time they had ever beaten the Springboks.

2016 renaming
On 8 September 2015 it was announced that the Millennium Stadium would be renamed Principality Stadium as the result of a 10-year naming rights deal with the Principality Building Society. Some fans expressed opposition on social media.

On 22 January 2016, the Millennium Stadium was officially renamed as the Principality Stadium. The new name, written bilingually ("Stadiwm Principality Stadium") and covering 114 m2 of the upper stadium, was lit up at a special evening ceremony, to be followed by a festival to encourage grassroots rugby. The change of name also meant a change of logo for the Millennium Stadium. There were three designs shortlisted, and a panel, which included the former Wales international captain Ryan Jones and staff and members of the WRU and Principality Building Society, chose the final design. A spokesperson for the WRU said: "The new stadium logo takes its inspiration from the venue's iconic architecture; four spires, curved frontage and fully retractable roof."

Features
The all-seater stadium has the capacity for 74,500 supporters and features a retractable roof, only the second stadium of its type in Europe, and the largest football stadium in the world with this feature, by capacity. Additional seating is sometimes added for special events such as a rugby Test against the New Zealand All Blacks, or for the FA Cup Final. The current record attendance is set at just over 78,000, recorded at the Anthony Joshua v Carlos Takam fight, on 28 October 2017, in which Joshua successfully retained his WBA, IBF and IBO titles.

The natural grass turf was made up of a modular system installed by GreenTech ITM. It features built in irrigation and drainage. The pitch itself was laid on top of some 7,412 pallets that could be moved so the stadium could be used for concerts, exhibitions and other events.

In May 2014, after much trouble with disease and stability, the surface was removed and replaced with a more resilient interwoven sand based Desso pitch.

The four ends of the ground are called the North Stand, the West Stand, the South Stand and the BT Stand (east). The South Stand was previously known as the Hyder Stand, until Hyder was sold. The stadium has three tiers of seating with the exception of the North Stand, which has two tiers. The lower tier holds 23,154 spectators, the middle tier holding 15,626 and the upper tier holding 35,151 spectators.

The stadium was slightly restricted in size due to its proximity to Cardiff Rugby Club's home in the adjacent smaller stadium within Cardiff Arms Park. The WRU were unable to secure enough funding to include the North Stand in the new stadium and the Millennium Commission would not allow any of its funds to be used in any way for the construction of a new stadium for Cardiff RFC. The WRU held talks with Cardiff RFC to see if it would be possible for the club to either move or secure funding for the Cardiff Arms Park to be re-developed, but these were unsuccessful. The stadium thus had to be completed with a break in its bowl structure in the North Stand, known colloquially as Glanmor's Gap, after Glanmor Griffiths, then chairman of the WRU and now a former president.

The superstructure of the stadium is based around four 90.3 m masts. The stadium was built from 56,000 tonnes of concrete and steel, and has 124 hospitality suites and 7 hospitality lounges, 22 bars, 7 restaurants, 17 first aid points, 12 escalators and 7 lifts. The stadium has 7 gates for access to the site; Gate 1 is from the River Walk via Castle Street (to the north), Gates 2 and 3 are via Westgate Street (to the east), Gate 4 which was renamed Gatland's Gate (Gât Gatland) in honour of Warren Gatland in November 2019, is for team-coaches, celebrity limousines and other uses via Westgate Street, Gate 5 is via Park Street (to the south) and Gates 6 and 7 are via the Millennium Plaza (also to the south).

Any future renovation to the stadium will involve replacing the old North Stand of the former National Stadium with a new one similar to the three existing stands of the new Millennium Stadium. This will make the stadium bowl-shaped and will increase its capacity to around 80,000. It will resolve the existing problems of deteriorating concrete quality on the old structure in the north stand. However the WRU has been more resistant to the proposal in recent years, stating that the concrete has not been deteriorating in recent years meaning the cost of replacing Glanmor's Gap would not justify the limited increase in capacity it would provide.

In each of the stadium's bars, so-called "joy machines" can pour 12 pints in less than 20 seconds. During a Wales versus France match, 63,000 fans drank 77,184 pints of beer, almost double the 44,000 pints drunk by a similar number of fans at a game at Twickenham. The stadium has a resident hawk named "Dad", who is employed to drive seagulls and pigeons out of the stadium.

In 2005 the stadium installed an "Arena Partition Drape System" – a 1,100 kg black curtain made up of 12 drapes measuring 9 x – to vary the audience from a capacity of over 73,000 down to between 12,000 and 46,000, depending on the four different positions that it can be hung. The curtains can be stored in the roof of the stadium when not in use. The £1 million cost of the curtain was funded by the stadium, the Millennium Commission, its caterers Letherby and Christopher (Compass Group) and by the then Wales Tourist Board. The curtain was supplied by Blackout.

In May 2015, the chairman of the WRU, Gareth Davies, announced that the stadium would be fitted with new seats, replacing the original seats from 1999 at a cost of £4 million to £5 million, which would be completed by 2018. In addition a new £3.1 million Desso hybrid pitch will be installed.

In February 2019, the stadium increased its disabled capacity from 168 to 214 at a cost of around £100,000. As a result, the overall capacity of the stadium was reduced from 74,500 to 73,931.

Statue of Sir Tasker Watkins
A statue of Sir Tasker Watkins, the former WRU president between 1993 and 2004, was commissioned to stand outside Gate 3 of the stadium. The bronze statue, 9 ft tall, was sculpted by Llantwit Major based sculptor Roger Andrews. The Welsh Government contributed £50,000, as did Cardiff Council. It was officially unveiled on 15 November 2009 by his daughter, Lady Mair Griffith-Williams.

Usage
As well as international rugby union and association football, the Millennium Stadium has hosted a variety of sports, including, rugby league (including the Challenge Cup Final on three occasions between 2003 and 2005, the opening ceremony of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup and Welsh Rugby League internationals), speedway, boxing, the Wales Rally Great Britain stage of the World Rally Championship, Monster Jam and indoor cricket. The indoor cricket match between The Brits and a Rest of the World team for the Pertemps Power Cricket Cup, which took place on 4 and 5 October 2002.

Rugby union

The stadium is the home of the Welsh rugby union team, who play all of their home fixtures at the venue. These games include those during the Six Nations, as well as the Autumn Internationals against nations from the Southern Hemisphere. Apart from the national team, the stadium has also hosted the European Rugby Champions Cup finals on five occasions. In total, the site, including the National Stadium, has hosted the final of the European Rugby Champions Cup on seven occasions.

The stadium has also been used for Celtic League games, and the semi-finals of the Anglo-Welsh Cup in 2006 and 2007. Since 2013, the Millennium Stadium has hosted Judgement Day, a double-header between the four Welsh United Rugby Championship teams. The 2016 edition had 68,262 spectators, the highest in the history of the league.

The stadium hosted the first match in the 2005 British & Irish Lions tour to New Zealand when they drew 25–25 against Argentina in a warm-up test match.

Welsh Varsity rugby matches

On 30 March 2011, the stadium hosted the Welsh Varsity rugby match for the first time in the history of the match between the senior teams of Cardiff University and Swansea University. The stadium is used alternating years with Liberty Stadium in Swansea. The Welsh Varsity event celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2016.

Rugby World Cup

The Welsh Rugby Union hosted the 1999 Rugby World Cup with the Final being played at the stadium. The stadium also hosted 3 pool matches and 1 quarter-final match (New Zealand 18–20 France) of the 2007 Rugby World Cup.

On 15 October 2011, the stadium was open to Welsh Rugby Union fans free of charge, providing that they wear red so that they could watch a live screening of the 2011 Rugby World Cup semi-final between Wales and France that was played at Eden Park, Auckland, New Zealand. The match was screened on the stadium's existing large screens, on all of their television screens and on a screen that was brought in for the occasion. The same was done for the Bronze Final between Wales and Australia which saw Wales defeated and take fourth place.

The stadium hosted six pool matches, including two featuring Wales, and two quarter-final matches during the 2015 Rugby World Cup.

Rugby league
The stadium first hosted rugby league football during the 2000 World Cup: a double header featuring Cook Islands versus Lebanon and Wales versus New Zealand that attracted a crowd of 17,612. It was again used as Wales' home ground during the 2002 New Zealand rugby league tour of Great Britain and France when they again hosted the Kiwis this time attracting 8,746 spectators.

The Stadium has hosted three Challenge Cup Finals, which are usually played at Wembley, from 2003 to 2005. In 2003 the Bradford Bulls defeated the Leeds Rhinos 22–20 in front of 71,212 fans. St. Helens defeated Wigan 36–16 in 2004 in front of 73,734 fans, while Hull F.C. defeated Leeds 25–24 in 2005 in front of 74,213 fans, the largest rugby league crowd at the stadium.

Also, in 2007 the stadium hosted the inaugural Millennium Magic weekend. This was a two-day event in May when an entire round of Super League matches were played, three games on the Saturday and three games on the Sunday. The event was deemed a success by the sport's governing body, the RFL, and second Millennium Magic event took place in May 2008, although the 2009 and 2010 events were held at Murrayfield Stadium and were renamed Magic Weekend. In 2011, Magic Weekend moved back to Cardiff with the opening round of Super League being played.

On 26 October 2013, the Millennium Stadium hosted the opening ceremony and the first two fixtures of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup: a double-header featuring Wales against Italy and England against title favourites and eventual tournament champions Australia. This double header produced an overall attendance of 45,052, which is an international rugby league record at the stadium.

Association football
From 2000 to 2009, the stadium was the almost-permanent home of Welsh football. The national team played the vast majority of home matches at the Millennium Stadium, with a handful of friendly matches once or twice a year at the Racecourse Ground, Wrexham or Liberty Stadium, Swansea. The first Welsh football game at the stadium was played against Finland in 2000, and drew a then-record home crowd for Welsh football of over 66,000. This has since been beaten on several occasions. However, since 2010, the majority of home games have been played at the smaller Cardiff City Stadium, the home of Cardiff City. Wales have only played at the stadium twice since 2009; in 2011 against England and in 2018 against Spain.

While the Millennium Stadium was under construction, the original Wembley Stadium had hosted the Welsh rugby team during the building of the new ground. The favour was returned from 2001 while the new Wembley Stadium was being built, with the Millennium hosting:

 * FA Cup Final
 * League Cup Final
 * Football League Trophy Final
 * Football League play-off Finals
 * FA Community Shield

The stadium became notorious for an apparent "away team hoodoo"; the first 11 major cup finals were all won by the teams occupying the home dressing room. Stoke City beat Brentford 2–0 in 2002 to end the "hoodoo", after Paul Darby carried out a feng shui blessing.

Liverpool were the first team to win the FA Cup at the Millennium Stadium in 2001 after beating Arsenal 2–1. They were also the first team to win the League Cup at the Stadium, defeating Birmingham City in a penalty shoot-out earlier that year. In 2003, Liverpool won the League Cup for the seventh time in their history thanks to a 2–0 win over Manchester United in the final at the stadium. Liverpool also won the last FA Cup Final at the Millennium Stadium in 2006, beating West Ham United 3–1 in a penalty shoot-out that followed a 3–3 draw after extra time in what was billed as 'the best cup final of the modern era'.

The Football League Third Division play-offs in 2003 saw AFC Bournemouth beat Lincoln City 5–2. In this game, Bournemouth set a new record for the most goals scored by one team in a single match at the stadium. This record has since been matched but not beaten. The last domestic cup match played was when Doncaster Rovers beat Bristol Rovers 3–2 after extra time in the Football League Trophy Final on 1 April 2007.

In 2001, the Football Association of Wales (FAW) confirmed that they had bid to host the 2003 UEFA Champions League Final. The stadium had recently been rated as a five-star stadium by UEFA, making it one of the favorites to host the match, but the final was eventually awarded to Old Trafford, the home of Manchester United.

It was suggested that the stadium would have been one of the venues of a proposed UEFA Euro 2016 championship hosted jointly by Wales and Scotland. However, the bid did not reach the formal UEFA selection stage, having been abandoned by the Welsh and Scottish Football Associations for financial reasons. In April 2014, the FAW did submit a formal bid to host three group matches and either a round of 16 match or a quarter-final at Euro 2020, which UEFA planned to host at 13 venues across Europe. When the host venues were voted on in September 2014, the Millennium Stadium lost out by a single vote behind Glasgow's Hampden Park, a decision that FAW chief executive Jonathan Ford put down to UEFA politics. The stadium, however, would be selected for UEFA Euro 2028. On 30 June 2015, the Millennium Stadium was chosen as the venue for the 2017 UEFA Champions League Final. UEFA rules meant it could not be branded as the Principality Stadium during the event, resulting in all titles and logos – as well as those of other non-UEFA sponsors – being covered or removed for the duration. The game was played on 3 June 2017 between Italian club Juventus and Spanish club Real Madrid, in a repeat of the 1998 final; Real Madrid won the match 4–1.

When London was selected as the host city for the 2012 Summer Olympics, the Millennium Stadium was named as one of the six venues for the football competition. It had the distinction of hosting the opening event of the Games – a 1–0 win for the Great Britain women's team against New Zealand – as well as four other group games and a quarter-final in the women's tournament, and three group games, a quarter-final and the bronze medal match in the men's.

Boxing

There have been five nights of boxing at the stadium. On 8 July 2006 when Matt Skelton beat Danny Williams for the Commonwealth heavyweight title. On 7 April 2007, Joe Calzaghe beat Peter Manfredo to retain his WBO super middleweight belt. On 3 November 2007, Calzaghe beat Mikkel Kessler to retain his WBO super middleweight belt and win the WBA and WBC super middleweight titles.

On 28 October 2017 Anthony Joshua successfully retained his WBA (Super), IBF and IBO heavyweight titles against mandatory challenger Carlos Takam with a 10th round stoppage.

On 31 March 2018, it hosted the World heavyweight unification fight between Anthony Joshua, holder of the WBA and IBF belts, and Joseph Parker, holder of the WBO belt. Joshua beat Parker on points.

Motorsports
In 2001, it staged its first ever motorsport event, hosting the Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain, and has done so every year since, attracting a record crowd of 44,150 in 2010. The temporary motorcycle speedway track is 278 m in length and with sections of the stadiums lower seating bowl covered, the capacity of the stadium for the Grand Prix is set at 62,500.

In September 2005 the stadium was host to the first ever indoor stage of the World Rally Championship during the Wales Rally Great Britain. The lower tier of the stadium was removed to create a figure-of-eight course. In addition to this, the stadium has also hosted Supercross events. In October 2007, the stadium first hosted the UK leg of the Monster Jam trucks Europe tour, and returned in June 2008, again in 2009, 2010, 2016, 2018 and 2019.

Film
The stadium has been used on numerous occasions as a venue for shooting film and television productions. Scenes from the 2001 Hindi film Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... were filmed there.

Between 2004 and 2011, the stadium was used several times as a filming location for episodes of the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who. The 2005 episode "Dalek" was shot primarily on location at the stadium, using its underground areas to represent a bunker in Utah, US, in the year 2012. The location shooting for the episode took place during October and November 2004. The underground areas of the stadium were used again in August 2005 to film Mission Control scenes for the Doctor Who Christmas special, "The Christmas Invasion", and again the following year to film scenes in the underground corridors of Torchwood in "The Runaway Bride" episode, broadcast on Christmas Day 2006. Shots of the Stormcage Facility in which River Song is incarcerated in series 5 and 6 of Doctor Who are also in the stadium, filmed between October 2010 and January 2011.

The stadium has also been used as a location for the filming of Doctor Who spin-off The Sarah Jane Adventures. The 2010 story, "Death of the Doctor", included corridor scenes for the UNIT headquarters that were filmed underground at the Millennium Stadium.

The Wembley Stadium scene in the film 28 Weeks Later was actually filmed at the Millennium Stadium. Although the outside is footage of Wembley, the inside is all filmed in Cardiff. The visual effects team on the film edited the footage to make it look more like Wembley.

Sébastien Foucan jumped over the gap of the opening of the stadium roof in the parkour documentary "Jump Britain".

Eventing
The inaugural Express Eventing International Cup took place at the stadium on 30 November 2008. The three-event competition made up of dressage, cross-country and show jumping all took place over the one day. The event was won by Oliver Townend.

Concerts
The stadium has also been used for a variety of musical events, including the Manic Street Preachers concert held on Millennium Eve, and, on the following day, a recording of the BBC's Songs of Praise, which attracted an attendance of 60,000. Tina Turner performed a sold-out concert at the stadium during her highly successful Twenty Four Seven Tour in 2000. Welsh rockers Stereophonics have played two sold-out shows at the stadium: In July 2001 as part of their two-day "A Day at the Races" festival which would later be released to DVD and in 2003, shortly after the departure of the late Stuart Cable.

American rock band Bon Jovi played the venue during the One Wild Night Tour in 2001. At the end of January 2005, the stadium hosted a tsunami relief concert in aid of the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, with Eric Clapton headlining the event. The stadium has also been host to Madonna on two occasions, the first in July 2006 when she opened the UK leg of her Confessions Tour, and most recently in August 2008 when she kicked off her Sticky & Sweet Tour at the stadium. Other performers who have played at the stadium include Robbie Williams as part of his Weddings, Barmitzvahs & Stadiums Tour, U2 as part of their Vertigo Tour, Red Hot Chili Peppers as part of their By the Way tour, The Rolling Stones as part of their A Bigger Bang Tour, R.E.M. as part of their Monster tour and again for their Around the Sun tour.

Paul McCartney also played at the stadium as part of his Up and Coming Tour, and The Police performed there as part of their Reunion Tour. In late 2005, Oasis played at the stadium during their Don't Believe the Truth Tour and again on their Dig Out Your Soul Tour in 2009. In 2008, the stadium hosted Neil Diamond and Bruce Springsteen with the E Street Band as part of their Magic Tour, On 22 August 2009, U2 again played at the stadium, as part of their European leg of their U2 360° Tour, playing to a record-breaking concert attendance of 73,354. On 17 May 2023, Beyoncé performed at the stadium as part of her Renaissance World Tour. Taylor Swift played at the stadium on 18 June 2024 as part of The Eras Tour.

Conferences
The stadium offers conferencing facilities via the foodservice organisation Compass Group. The facilities consist of six individually designed lounges and 124 pitch-facing executive box suites.

In addition to business events, the facilities are also available for dinners, banquets, balls, parties and weddings receptions.

Temporary hospital
On 28 March 2020 it was announced that the stadium was to be converted at a cost of £8 million into a temporary field hospital to accommodate up to 2000 patients of the COVID-19 pandemic, at the same time as the Excel Centre, London, NEC, Birmingham, and the Manchester Central Convention Complex. By the weekend of 11–12 April 2020, it had a capacity of 330 beds.

Professional wrestling
On 12 April 2022, American professional wrestling company WWE announced that it would hold a major event at Millennium Stadium on 3 September, and opened pre-registration for tickets. The event was announced as being WWE's largest show in the UK since SummerSlam at the original Wembley Stadium in 1992. On 29 April 2022, it was announced that the event would be titled Clash at the Castle, in reference to nearby Cardiff Castle. The event attracted over 59,000 ticket pre-sale registrations, a company record.

title: Millennium Stadium