text:
Dodge Colt

The Dodge Colt is a subcompact car that was manufactured by Mitsubishi Motors and marketed by Dodge for model years 1971 to 1994 as captive imports. Rebadged variants include the Plymouth Champ and Plymouth Colt, both were marketed by Plymouth.

The Colt was initially a rebadged variant of the rear-wheel drive Galant and Lancer families before shifting to the smaller front-wheel drive Mitsubishi Mirage subcompacts in 1979.

First generation (1971–1973)

Introduced in 1970 as a 1971 model, the first generation Dodge Colt was a federalized first-generation Mitsubishi Colt Galant. Available as a 2-door pillared coupe, 2-door hardtop coupe, 4-door sedan, and 5-door wagon, the Colt had a 1597 cc 4-cylinder engine. The unibody layout was traditional, front engine and rear-wheel drive with MacPherson struts in front and a live rear axle. Standard transmission was a 4-speed manual, with a 3-speed automatic being an option. The engine was initially rated for 100 hp, but dropped to 83 hp in 1972 when manufacturers revised the method of measuring horsepower from gross to SAE net. For 1973, a GT hardtop coupe model was added featuring rally stripes, sport wheels, and a center console amongst other features. The Dodge Colt was Chrysler's response to the AMC Gremlin, Ford Pinto, and Chevrolet Vega. As a captive import from Mitsubishi, the Colt also competed directly with other Japanese imports, such as the Toyota Corolla, Honda Civic and Datsun 1200.

Second generation (1974–1977)

Based on the platform of the first generation model, the Galant sedans and coupes received a new, somewhat rounder body in 1973, while wagons continued with the old body with a facelifted front end. The new version, with single headlights rather than the doubles of the previous generation, became the 1974 Dodge Colt in the US, available in the same bodystyles as the first one. The base engine also remained the same, but a larger G52B "Astron" engine became optionally available, originally only in combination with the automatic transmission. Later, the 2-liter engine became available with a manual transmission as well and was made standard fitment in the GT coupe. The 2-liter engine developed 96 hp at 5500 rpm, with the California version making two fewer horsepower. Ratings varied from 79 - 83 hp for the smaller one and 89 - 96 hp for the larger engine in different publications and across the years.

A four-speed manual or three-speed automatic remained available, although the original Borg-Warner automatic transmission was replaced by Chrysler's own Torqueflite unit in the 2-liter version. The Torqueflite later supplanted the old Borg-Warner unit entirely. For 1977 a five-speed manual became available (standard in the GT and Carousel coupes). The Carousel, introduced in 1975 along with larger bumpers, was more luxurious and carried a blue and white paint job. For 1977, the "Silent Shaft" version of the smaller engine became available and was fitted as standard equipment in GT and Carousels. The introduction of the new Dodge Colt "Mileage Maker" meant there was a mix of second and third generation models in 1977. The second-generation 2-door hardtops and wagons continued to be offered alongside the new 2- and 4-door "Mileage Makers". The wagon was also available with an "Estate" package that included woodgrain applique on the body sides and adjustable reclining front seats.

This model was also sold as the Dodge Colt 1600 GS in South Africa, only as a two-door hardtop coupé.

In Canada, the second-generation Dodge Colt was also available as the Plymouth Cricket for the 1974 and 1975 model years. All 1974 and 1975 Crickets wore the grille that came standard on 1974 - 1977 Dodge Colt station wagons. All Colt body styles were shared with the Cricket, with the Cricket equivalent of the Colt GT being called Cricket Formula S. These second-generation, Canada-only Crickets were rebadged as Plymouth Colts for 1976.

Third generation (1977–1979)
The third-generation Dodge Colt was effectively made up of two lines: coupes and sedans were of a smaller, Lancer-based series, while the station wagons were based on the new Mitsubishi Galant Sigma. In late 1976, for the 1977 model year, the smaller A70-series Mitsubishi Lancer became the Dodge Colt available in two-door coupe and four-door sedan body designs. While the wheelbase was slightly shorter than that of the second generation Colt, overall length was down from 171.1 to 162.6 inches (4346 to 4130 mm). The new Colt was also referred to as the Dodge Colt "Mileage Maker" to differentiate it from its larger predecessor. Second generation coupe and wagon versions remained on sale for the 1977 model year.

The engine was the 4G32 iteration of Mitsubishi's Saturn engine family 1597 cc rated at 83 hp at 5,500 rpm. A "Silent Shaft" (balance shaft) version of this engine along with a five-speed manual transmission (instead of the standard four-speed) were part of a "Freeway Cruise" package, which also included a maroon/white paintjob. For 1978 power dropped to 77 hp with the introduction of the "MCA-Jet" high-swirl system.

For 1978 a new Dodge Colt wagon was the larger, rebadged Mitsubishi Galant Sigma. The 1.6-litre MCA-Jet four as the smaller sedans and coupes was standard with the 2.6-litre, 105 hp Astron engine optional as well as a five-speed manual transmission. While the last year for the Lancer-based Colts was 1979, the wagon was continued alongside the front-wheel drive Mirage-based fourth generation models until 1981 when it was effectively replaced by the domestic Dodge Aries K wagon. The larger Mitsubishi Galant Lambda coupé was also marketed as the Dodge Colt Challenger from 1978, although the "Colt" part was later dropped. It shared the chassis as well as the engine options of the Colt wagon.

Fourth generation (1979–1984)
In late 1978 for the 1979 model year, the Dodge Colt and Plymouth Champ nameplates were applied to the front-wheel-drive Mitsubishi Mirage imports into North America. The Colt and Champ (Plymouth Colt after 1982 ) as a 3-door hatchback, and came in Deluxe or Custom equipment levels. These imports used a 70 hp Mitsubishi Orion 4G12 1.4-liter overhead-cam, four-cylinder engine at first, which received the highest United States Environmental Protection Agency fuel economy rating in its debut year. This engine was joined by the 1.6-liter, 80 hp 4G32 Saturn engine at the end of the year. For 1981, a bare bones "low-line" version was introduced. An RS package also became available, with stiffer suspension, sportier interior with extra gauges, and a larger fuel tank.

There were three manual transmissions and one automatic transmission available. There was a KM110 four-speed manual transmission or a "Twin Stick" (Mitsubishi Super Shift) version of the transmission that used a two-speed transfer case to give 8 forward and 2 reverse speeds. There was also the option of a KM119 five-speed manual transmission or a TorqueFlite three-speed automatic transmission.

For 1982, a five-door hatchback joined the lineup. The names of the equipment levels changed to "E" and "DL". At some point claimed power dropped to 64 and 72 hp respectively for the small and large engines, while the 1.6 was only available with the automatic transmission. In August 1983, for the 1984 model year (which was to be the last year of this model of Colt), the GTS Turbo model arrived along with a naturally aspirated GTS package, similar to the earlier RS one. Unique for North America - the turbocharged Colt/Mirages sold elsewhere had a 1.4-litre engine - this used the fuel-injected 1.6-litre 4G32T engine also seen in the next-generation Colt, providing 102 hp at 5500 rpm and considerable performance. It, too, featured the eight speed Twin Stick transmission and also received ventilated brakes in front. Both GTS models, available with three-door bodywork only, received a larger 13.2 gal gas tank rather than the E and DL's 10.6 gal tank. They also featured a sporty appearance with uprated suspension, blacked out trim details, and a sizable front air dam.

Fifth generation (1985–1988)
In September 1984, the fifth generation Dodge/Plymouth Colt appeared (1985 model year ). There was also a five-door minivan/station wagon called the Dodge/Plymouth "Colt Vista"; this was simply a rebadged Mitsubishi Chariot. A twin-barrel carbureted 68 hp 1468 cc four was the Colt's base engine, while the 4G32BT turbocharged 1.6-litre already seen in the last model year of the previous Colts was optional on the upscale Premier four-door sedan and standard on the GTS Turbo hatchback. Power remained 102 hp at 5500 rpm, as for the previous generation. A first for FWD Colts was the availability of a three-box four-door sedan body; it and the 3-door hatchback were available in the US from 1985 to 1988; the 5-door hatchback only in 1985 (and only in base E trim) and the wagon not until 1988. The five-door hatchback was only available for a single model year as Chrysler was worried about this car cannibalizing sales of their own Omni/Horizon. The five-door was replaced by the E sedan for 1986. In Canada, the five-door hatchback was also available in DL trim.

Beginning in January 1988, Chrysler Canada began sourcing Colts from Thailand, assembled there from Japanese parts, planning on bringing in 8,000 cars per annum. Thai Colts were imported to Canada until 1994. From 1988 (and lasting until 1991), the Colt/Mirage was also marketed as the Eagle Vista in Canada.

Early cars have small rectangular headlights in black inserts, while later models received more aerodynamic, flush-fitting units. The facelift model appeared for the 1987 model year, presented in late September 1986. The lowest-priced model was the "E" (for economy), followed by the "DL" and topped by the turbocharged but slow selling Premier and GTS Turbo models. In 1987 the turbocharged engine became an option for the DL hatchback, which replaced the GTS. Power for the turbo versions crept up to 105 hp for the 1988 model year. The DL Turbo remained available through 1988. 1988 also marked the introduction of the wagon, initially only available with front-wheel drive. Unlike the remainder of the lineup, the 1988 wagon received a fuel injected version of the 1.5-liter engine which produces 75 hp at 5500 rpm.

The Colt wagon, while never available with the turbocharged engine, did receive a more powerful 1,755 cc engine in the four-wheel-drive version which was added for 1989. The Wagon was only ever offered in DL trim. Unlike the FWD version, the DL 4x4 was not available with an automatic transmission. The larger engine produces 87 hp. For the fifth generation Colt's final year in the United States, the DL model received fully body-colored trim (including bumpers, mirrors, and so on) for what Plymouth referred to as a "dipped look."

While the hatchback Colts were replaced for 1989 in the United States, the Colt Wagon continued to be available until the 1991 introduction of the Mitsubishi RVR-based Colt Wagon, which also replaced the Colt Vista. The late Colt Wagons of this generation received the newer, twin cam Sirius 1.6-liter engine with 113 hp when equipped with front-wheel drive. This model was also marketed as the Eagle Vista Wagon in Canada. In Canada, this generation Colt sedans and hatchbacks also continued to be offered alongside the next generation under the 'Colt 100' moniker, as a lower-priced alternative to the new model which was badged "Colt 200". The Colt 100 was still available with the turbo engine as well as in luxuriously appointed LX trim in 1990, but by 1991 only the E and DL models remained.

Sixth generation (1989–1992)
For the 1989 model year, Eagle began marketing its Summit as another rebadged Mitsubishi Mirage. Sales started in August 1988. In Canada, the previous generation continued as a carryover model with Eagle Vista or Colt 100 badging, replacing the earlier Colt sedan. The new model was sold as the Dodge/Plymouth 'Colt 200' in Canada, to distinguish it from the previous version.

Since the demise of the Dodge Omni/Plymouth Horizon in 1990, the Colt was the only subcompact in the Dodge and Plymouth lineups. The Colt sedan was not sold in the United States for the sixth generation (though it was sold in Canada), as it would be replaced by the Dodge Shadow/Plymouth Sundance liftbacks in the Dodge/Plymouth lineup for 1989. The sedan bodywork, however, was available to American consumers as an Eagle Summit. Dodge and Plymouth Colt sedans returned for 1993-1994 as a variant of the next-generation Eagle Summit. The Dodge/Plymouth Colt, Eagle Summit, and Mitsubishi Mirage of this generation used 1.5 or 1.6-litre inline-four engines.

A model powered by the 1.6-litre 4G61T 135 hp turbocharged four-cylinder was produced for the 1989 model year only. There are a rumored 1,500 of these special editions to have been produced. The engine was only offered in the Mirage and the Colt GT Turbo, which were distinguished by their ground effects and spoilers (although these parts were also available for a price as add-ons to other model ranges) and by their extra features not normally found on base model ranges such as power seats, power windows, power locks, and power mirrors, special colored interior and seats, as well as a 150 mph/9000 rpm gauge cluster. The Turbo Colt/Mirage Turbo was one of Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best for 1989. A naturally aspirated version of this engine was available for the following years Colt GT, with power down to 113 hp.

Power of the 1.5-litre 4G15 was up to 82 hp thanks to multi-point fuel injection. Top speed was 160 km/h.

The Colt Wagon was redesigned in 1991, now based on the RVR, and continued in production until the 1996 model year.

Seventh generation (1993–1995)

The seventh generation of the Colt was the same as Plymouth's version, and also the same as the Eagle Summit. As usual, they were all simply badge-engineered versions of the Mitsubishi Mirage/Lancer. There was no hatchback version of the seventh generation Dodge/Plymouth Colt. Originally available in Base and GL versions, the ES (with supposedly more sporting intentions) was added later.

1.5 and 1.8 litre four-cylinder engines were used, with the larger engine originally only available to four-door Colts. While the sporting variants offered in the sixth generation were not renewed, the two-door ES was available with the more powerful sixteen-valve SOHC 1.8 for the 1994 model year. The smaller engine has 92 hp while the larger version has 113 hp. The previous Colt Wagon (Mitsubishi RVR) continued to be sold until 1996, while the Dodge and Plymouth Colts were replaced by the new Neon after the 1994 model year.

Related versions
The Plymouth Cricket nameplate was used (in addition to Dodge Colt) on Galants sold in Canada between mid-1973 and 1975, after Chrysler stopped using the Plymouth Cricket name for a rebadged Hillman Avenger-based model sourced from the United Kingdom (and sold across North America between 1971 and 1973).

The Plymouth Arrow was offered from 1976 to 1980 as a rebadged version of the Mitsubishi Lancer Celeste, not to be confused with the rebadged Mitsubishi truck sold as the Plymouth Arrow starting in 1979.

title: Dodge Colt


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User talk:Terrapin

Main
Your quote about the right-wing rant--

 * Delete. My eyes! The goggles, they do NOTHING!! Way too long, POV.

This is the funniest line I have seen in a week! Thanks. ---Rednblu 01:45, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks. And TRUE!  Terrapin 22:02, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

redstar2000
Please check the page for new info. I didn't create the page orginally and neither did redstar2000, who is a 60 year old man with little skill when it comes to computers. Anyways, I believe it is reasonable now.--Che y Marijuana 09:22, Sep 3, 2004 (UTC)

tidying up my page
ach, I was going to leave it as a souvenir--Tomheaton 15:25, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

The Brotherhood
I just thought it was something from some novel or TV show that I just hadn't heard before. I figure if we had articles on Monica's apartment that this may be valid too, and I just didn't know about it. Little did I know. Mike H 16:23, Oct 14, 2004 (UTC)

Something Awful
Consensus was not met either to redirect or delete; this conversation will now be taken to the talk pages. I will block any attempts of yours to vandalize Something Awful (by removing links and information) and to delete the Something Awful Forums article, as you seem to be attempting (since you made no attempt to merge the info into Something Awful). This now belongs on the discussion page for both articles, or perhaps mediation if you so require. --Golbez 01:57, Oct 17, 2004 (UTC)

Reverting 5 times is against Wikipedia policy. --21:03, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

POV warriors
I see you've run into the issue outlined on my User Talk:Jayjg page. Good luck, their intent is to wear you down. Please feel free to e-mail me if you like. Jayjg 21:20, 20 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Bloody
Hi, I've collated all the pages you have to purge of the word bloody below. Good luck!

 * Thanks, and some of them will be removed. I have started with Operation Days of Penitence, and will go through these over time (algeria has been changed).  Was your point that I have to do them in ALPHABETICAL order?  Or did you forget I can choose at will?  ;-)  Terrapin 16:32, 21 Oct 2004 (UTC)

(vandalism removed by Terrapin 13:06, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC))

The Vestibule vandalists
Hi. Can I ask you to do the reporting that you endorsed? The URL of the thread some of the vandals confess in is on the vandalism in progress page. My reasons for asking are:

1. You have previous experience with IGN 2. Being significantly older than my teenage self, you're likely to be better at this sort of thing 3. You persumably haven't just done an all-nighter and are considerably more lucid

Thanks. -- Kizor 06:39, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

State terrorism
I'm going to refrain from protecting that page, although it clearly needs it, because I've clashed far too many times with Style, and protecting a particular version could be seen as being deliberately partisan.

I'm sure I agree with you, but I think in this case it'd be wise to put in a request on Requests for page protection, and someone will take care of it promptly. Ambi 14:07, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

HistoryBuffEr's RFC against Proteus
You might be interested in this: Requests_for_comment/Proteus. Regards, Jayjg 21:39, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Terrorist categories
Categories for deletion has two lists of categories related to terrorists up for deletion. Jayjg 20:47, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Marmite
I eat Marmite most days and the mosquitos seem to like me just fine, I really don't think your addition belongs in an encyclopedia. Bob Palin 16:46, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Reverts and lagging database servers
There's a problem with the slave database servers which sometimes causes errors when one loads an old revision. Check to make sure you have the actual old revision rather than the error message before reverting, otherwise the article ends up as complete nonsense. —No-One Jones (m) 21:27, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Alberuni's reverts
Actually it was 5 reverts for him. I'm betting he'll go for 6. Jayjg 22:14, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia's transparency
See how your changes at Yasser Arafat remain visible in the page history. Wikipedia is completely transparent. All your edits add up to a personal history by which others will be assessing your credibility.--Wetman 15:51, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Archiving
Hi Terrapin. To archive you create a new article name (e.g. something like User Terrapin:Archive 1), then edit the information on this page, copy it to the new page, and delete it from the original. I hope that makes sense. Also, could you please e-mail me? You can do it from the toolbox at the left-hand side of my User page. Jayjg 21:39, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Resident Evil 4
Where is the press release for the PS2 version you mentioned in your edit to Resident Evil.

I can't find anything about it at, or  which is still showing just the GameCube logo and pre-order option everywhere.

DamienG 21:11, Dec 13, 2004 (UTC)

Cell chip
Great work at Cell chip! Thue | talk 19:24, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Nintendo DS
Hey Terrapin. Ah, yes, we don't need old data, I forgot. I guess we should list basically all of Category: History for deletion, eh? Seriously though, historical data is just as valid as current data. Also, I don't see what's wrong with "perceived stagnation in the industry," since this what Nintendo percives and cites as a reason for creating the DS. If we need a source for that, I can probably find one. I thought it was wikified, it looks like it has a fair amount of wikilinks to me.... Andre ( talk )A| 21:04, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * Also, please stop deleting the Japanese release info, and the Tickle Me Elmo thing. The latter has various sources, and the former is useful information that can probably be sourced rather easily. Andre ( talk )A| 21:07, Dec 22, 2004 (UTC)

Changing US to North America is not vandalism, it is a reflection of the fact that a world exists outside of our borders. I have reverted it. --Tubedogg 22:25, 7 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Game Boy Evolution VFD
I see you already reverted it, and I'm glad you did. The article's the worst sort of nonsense. Andre ( talk ) 20:27, Jan 3, 2005 (UTC)

"Xbox Next"
Where is the source for the confirmed set specs for the Xbox Next article you recently edited? Just curious. I went to my usual places and I can't find anything on it except for news at GameSpy which according to them is based off of Alpha development kits and not really set in stone. (Article came out 3-8 )

?? K1Bond007 22:32, Mar 8, 2005 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Sons of Sam Horn
I have nominated Sons of Sam Horn, an article you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Sons of Sam Horn. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. rootology ( C )( T ) 13:40, 4 September 2008 (UTC)

Nomination of Moosewood Restaurant for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Moosewood Restaurant is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Moosewood Restaurant until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Buffaboy talk 21:35, 20 April 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:48, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Terrapin


text:
User:Silentlight

silentlight: your only hope

title: User:Silentlight


text:
Falmouth, Nova Scotia

Falmouth is a village located along the Avon River in Hants County between Mount Denson and Windsor in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

History
Falmouth and the surrounding area was known as Pisiquid by the Acadians. Having migrated from Port Royal (current day Annapolis Royal) (see also Habitation at Port-Royal, an earlier settlement several miles away that predates the French occupation of Annapolis Royal), the Acadians first settled the area in the early 1680s, as the 1686 census lists a number of families on well established farms utilizing productive dyked fields. During Queen Anne's War, in response to the French Raid on Deerfield, Massachusetts, in the Raid on Pisiquid (1704), Benjamin Church burned the many villages of the two parishes (Ste. Famille and Notre Dame de l'Assumption) that made up the district to the ground and took prisoners to Boston. One of these prisoners was Acadian leader Noel Doiron. As with the other Acadian districts of the Bay of Fundy region, the Acadians of Piziquid were deported in the fall of 1755 (see Expulsion of the Acadians).

By 1760, the land, which was left vacant by the deportation of the Acadians, began to be resettled by New England Planters. Amongst these new settlers was a young Henry Alline, who in the 1770s would start a Great Awakening religious revival. His New Lights ideas and followers quickly spread across the region and into northeastern New England.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Falmouth had a population of 1,553 living in 579 of its 605 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 1,368. With a land area of 5.21 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Present day
Falmouth is home to Avon Valley Greenhouses, Sainte-Famille Wines, the Avon Valley Golf & Country Club, and numerous farms and several small businesses. Falmouth District Elementary School is also located in Falmouth. The village is located exactly halfway between the North Pole and the Equator.

Notable residents

 * George Lawrence Price, the last soldier of the British Empire to be killed in the First World War.
 * Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres
 * Noel Doiron
 * Henry Alline
 * Marie Anne Payzant
 * Amanda Peters

title: Falmouth, Nova Scotia


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User talk:Djrisk

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

title: User talk:Djrisk


text:
Kel-Tec SUB-2000

The SUB-2000 is a pistol-caliber carbine manufactured by Kel-Tec CNC Industries of Cocoa, Florida, United States. The rifle is a blowback operated, semi-automatic firearm with its operating spring located in the tubular stock.

The weapon feeds from a grip-located magazine well, using magazines designed for popular models of various other manufacturers' handguns, and is an inexpensive carbine. The distinguishing characteristic of this rifle is that it folds in half, for storage and transportation, and its slim profile compared to other rifles.

Design
It is available in two versions chambered for 9 mm or .40 S&W caliber cartridges. It was designed by George Kellgren, a Swedish-American designer who also designed many earlier Husqvarna (in Sweden), Grendel, and Intratec brand firearms, including the famous TEC-9 handgun.

The receiver is made of an impact modified glass reinforced Zytel. The front end houses a hinge block holding the barrel and the rear sight. This block is securely locked in place by a swiveling trigger guard. The receiver rigidly attaches to the stock by multiple lugs. The bottom of the receiver forms the pistol grip, also accepting different magazines according to the version specified. The receiver also houses the firing mechanism. The 4130 ordnance steel barrel has a spring-loaded collar to ensure an accurate lock between the receiver and the polymer fore-end and the fully adjustable front sight. The fore-end also has integrated the ability to house batteries and/or other small devices. The tubular steel stock contains the bolt and is ended by the polymer buttstock. The heavy two-piece steel bolt holds the firing pin, the extractor and has the operating handle on the bottom. A captive guide recoil spring with buffer actuates the bolt. The firing mechanism is of conventional single action type. It has a positive disconnector, a push bolt safety that blocks the sear and disengages the trigger bar. The hardened steel ejector is internal. This design, with its long bolt travel, allows for very large functioning marginals.

The basic SUB-2000 design is implemented in a rather unusual folding design that folds for storage into half its total extended length. Folding is accomplished by pulling downward on the trigger guard and swinging the barrel assembly back over the top of the rifle. A latch in the buttstock secures to the front sight housing, and the gun can be locked with a key in the folded position for added safety. The gun cannot be fired when folded.

Variants
Models are available using a variety of semi-automatic pistol magazines in both 9mm Parabellum and .40 S&W.

title: Kel-Tec SUB-2000


text:
List of administrative divisions of Shanxi

Shanxi, a province of the People's Republic of China, is made up of prefecture-level divisions, which are divided into county-level divisions, which are then divided into township-level divisions.

Administrative divisions
These administrative divisions are explained in greater detail at Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China. The following table lists only the prefecture-level and county-level divisions of Shanxi.


text:
ATC code N03

N03AA Barbiturates and derivatives

 * N03AA01 Methylphenobarbital
 * N03AA02 Phenobarbital
 * N03AA03 Primidone
 * N03AA04 Barbexaclone
 * N03AA30 Metharbital

N03AB Hydantoin derivatives

 * N03AB01 Ethotoin
 * N03AB02 Phenytoin
 * N03AB03 Amino(diphenylhydantoin) valeric acid (neocitrullamon)
 * N03AB04 Mephenytoin
 * N03AB05 Fosphenytoin
 * N03AB52 Phenytoin, combinations
 * N03AB54 Mephenytoin, combinations

N03AC Oxazolidine derivatives

 * N03AC01 Paramethadione
 * N03AC02 Trimethadione
 * N03AC03 Ethadione

N03AD Succinimide derivatives

 * N03AD01 Ethosuximide
 * N03AD02 Phensuximide
 * N03AD03 Mesuximide
 * N03AD51 Ethosuximide, combinations

N03AE Benzodiazepine derivatives

 * N03AE01 Clonazepam

N03AF Carboxamide derivatives

 * N03AF01 Carbamazepine
 * N03AF02 Oxcarbazepine
 * N03AF03 Rufinamide
 * N03AF04 Eslicarbazepine

N03AG Fatty acid derivatives

 * N03AG01 Valproic acid
 * N03AG02 Valpromide
 * N03AG03 Aminobutyric acid
 * N03AG04 Vigabatrin
 * N03AG05 Progabide
 * N03AG06 Tiagabine

N03AX Other antiepileptics

 * N03AX03 Sultiame
 * N03AX07 Phenacemide
 * N03AX09 Lamotrigine
 * N03AX10 Felbamate
 * N03AX11 Topiramate
 * N03AX13 Pheneturide
 * N03AX14 Levetiracetam
 * N03AX15 Zonisamide
 * N03AX17 Stiripentol
 * N03AX18 Lacosamide
 * N03AX19 Carisbamate
 * N03AX21 Retigabine
 * N03AX22 Perampanel
 * N03AX23 Brivaracetam
 * N03AX24 Cannabidiol
 * N03AX25 Cenobamate
 * N03AX26 Fenfluramine
 * N03AX27 Ganaxolone
 * N03AX30 Beclamide
 * QN03AX90 Imepitoin
 * QN03AX91 Potassium bromide

title: ATC code N03


text:
Caracas Metro

The Caracas Metro (Metro de Caracas) is a mass rapid transit system serving Caracas, Venezuela. It was constructed and is operated by Compañía Anónima Metro de Caracas, a government-owned company that was founded in 1977 by José González-Lander who headed the project for more than thirty years since the early planning stages in the 1960s. Its motto is "Somos parte de tu vida" (translated as 'We are part of your life'). In 1978 MTA – New York City Transit's R46 #816 (now 5866) was shipped from the Pullman Standard's plant as a sample of rolling stock to be used for the new metro system that was under construction at the time.

It was inaugurated on January 2, 1983 with 11.5 km and currently the total length of the railway reaches 106.5 km. Its purpose is to contribute to the development of collective transportation in Caracas and its immediate area, through the planning, construction, and commercial exploitation of an integrated transportation system. The C. A. Metro de Caracas is in charge of its construction, operation and exploitation as a decentralized public body attached to the Ministry of People's Power for Land Transportation.

As a consequence of the crisis that the country is experiencing, by October 2018 it was estimated that 25% of the Caracas Metro trains were out of service due to lack of maintenance. In 2020, 9 of them remain operational. 48 trains on Line 1; 6 of 44 on Line 2; and 4 of 16 on Line 3; which, together with electrical failures, causes users to experience permanent delays. In 2022, the Caracas Metro only had 23 of the 169 trains operational.

The system has 53 stations. The company is run by Major General Juan Carlos Du Bolay Perozo.

Lines
The Caracas Metro currently has the following lines in operation:

These lines were built between 1978 and 2006. Line 2 has four terminal stations.

Part of Line 2 was constructed as Line 4, but after its inauguration it was renamed Line 2. One must transfer on Line 3 at El Valle station to continue the ride.

Construction of the first phase of Line 4 (now officially renamed Line 2) started in 2001; this line runs parallel to Line 1 to the south, and connects Plaza Venezuela station on Line 1 with Capuchinos station on Line 2. It is expected to provide much needed relief to congestion along this segment of Line 1 where most of Metro's ridership is concentrated.

Commuter rail transfer points

Construction was begun on the Los Teques Metro from Caracas Metro Las Adjuntas station (the expanded station with independent platforms connected by overhead walkways is now common to both metro systems) to the suburban city of Los Teques Alí Primera (formerly called El Tambor) station in 2001 and completed November 3, 2006.

IFE
Line 3 station La Rinconada is the interchange station between the Caracas Metro and the Caracas train station Libertador Simón Bolívar, where connections can be made to and from Charallave and Cúa.

Guarenas/Guatire Metro
The Guarenas / Guatire Metro is a new line with the intention of providing access to the eastern suburban communities. Both subsystems would allow for transfers at the Guaraira Repano (Petare North) station. In December 2006, the government awarded a 2 billion dollar contract for the construction of the new line between a soon-to-be-built Caracas Metro Parque del Este II station and the nearby twin cities of Guarenas/Guatire, with completion set for July 2012. However, by November 2012, only 7% of the metro project had been completed, and the completion date had slipped to at least 2016. , there is no official opening date.

Metrobus
The system possesses a complementary bus transit network called the Metrobus, which covers 20 urban routes and four suburban routes, with the aim of transporting users to other popular destinations in the Greater Caracas area that are not reached by the metro, including bedroom communities close to the city.

External ticket sale
A modality implanted by the enterprise is the wholesale of tickets used in the Metro and in the Metrobús. A number of tickets is sold to some middlemen, and from there to authorized points of sale, such as kiosks and other commercial establishments. This allows Metro users to buy tickets outside of the stations, thus making them more widely available. The points of sale formally authorized for these operations are identified with the Metroseñal (Metro-sign). Tickets sold at such locals have a price discount of 3%.

Fares and types of tickets
The values for tickets depend mostly on the number of travels the user has planned. There are also special prices for students, and fares differ for the Metrobús usage. The types of tickets and their pricings are listed below.

In 2018, the metro became free to ride. While Metro de Caracas said this was because of a passenger number assessment, workers revealed that the government had not given the company hard money for over a year, and they could not import paper to print tickets, necessitating unlocked turnstiles.

Future expansions
The next phases of the Line 2 extension (also known as Line 5 during construction phase) were to be constructed with an opening planned for 2012. The first project, a 7.5 km extension, includes six new stations in Bello Monte, Las Mercedes, Tamanaco, Chuao, Bello Campo and Parque del Este II station. A separate project was to be carried out simultaneously, an additional 6.7 km Line 2 extension (also known as Line 5 or Metro Guarenas-Guatire Urban Route during the construction phase) with four additional stations in Montecristo, Boleíta, El Marques and terminal/transfer station La Urbina (Petare Norte).

The La Urbina station was also destined to be the Caracas Guarenas-Guatire light rail transfer point. This 31.4 km long section was originally assigned funds for a 2012 completion.

Long term proposals include expanding the system with two more lines: Line 5 (15 km long) to southeast Caracas, and Line 6 (17 km) that would run parallel to Line 1 to the north.

Incidents

 * On July 30, 2007, after 24 years without a single accident, a collision took place that took the life of a person and injured 11 others. It was on Line 1 at Plaza Sucre station at 9:09 a.m. when a train headed in the Propatria direction stopped on the platform. It was hit from behind by another travelling in the same direction. Although there has been much speculation about the cause of the accident, it is clear that there was a defect in the emergency braking system; the operational control centre from the La Hoyada station never activated the automatic braking mechanism when a train approaches a second train.
 * On November 12, 2010, 33 people were arrested after staging a protest at Propatria Station over increasingly deteriorating service on the Metro.
 * On 23 January 2017, several thousand Venezuelans protested throughout the country the government had also cordoned of the planned march areas with police and closed all subway and transportation systems to the area.
 * During the 2017 protests, it was common for the government to close Metro stations. On 4 April, twelve subway stations were closed; on 8 April, 16 subway stations and 19 Caracas Metrobus routes were closed. On 13 April, 27 stations were closed, and on 26 April the Metro was closed completely after being open for two hours, along with the suspension of the Metrobus and Bus Caracas services.
 * On 5 February 2018, after a protests because of the delay of the Metro, tear gas was fired in the subway, causing the service to be suspended for 25 minutes.
 * On 14 February 2018, Metro users had to walk across the subway tunnels after an electric failure.
 * In July 2018, the Metro stopped issuing tickets as they ran out of paper for printing the tickets.
 * In October 2018, it was announced that 25% of Caracas Metro trains were out of service due to a lack of maintenance.
 * In March 2019, the metro was out of service for several days due to an energy blackout caused by the poor political and economic situation in the country.

title: Caracas Metro


text:
Sir Richard Fletcher, 1st Baronet

Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Richard Fletcher, 1st Baronet (1768 – 31 August 1813) was an engineer in the British Army known for his work on the Lines of Torres Vedras. He fought in the French Revolutionary Wars and Peninsular Wars, and was mentioned in dispatches a number of times, most notably for his actions at Talavera, Busaco, Badajoz and Vitoria. Fletcher was twice wounded in the line of duty before being killed in action at the Siege of San Sebastian.

Personal life
Little is known of Richard Fletcher's early life, even his exact date of birth is obscure. It is known however that the year was 1768 and his father was a clergyman. On 27 November 1796, at Plymouth, he married Elizabeth Mudge the daughter of a doctor. Fletcher and his wife went on to have five children together; two sons and three daughters. Though Fletcher was buried near to where he was killed at San Sebastián, a monument to his memory, purchased by the Royal Engineers, stands at the western side of the north aisle in Westminster Abbey, London.

Early career
Richard Fletcher enrolled as a cadet in the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich on 7 October 1782. He began his career in the Royal Artillery where he became a second-lieutenant on 9 July 1788, before joining the Royal Engineers on 29 June 1790. Fletcher was promoted to lieutenant on 16 January 1793 and when France declared war on Britain, later that year, he was sent to serve in the West Indies.

French Revolutionary Wars
While in the West Indies, Fletcher played an active role in the successful attacks on the French colonies of Martinique, Gaudeloupe and St Lucia, which occurred between February and April 1794. It was during the capture of St Lucia he received a gunshot wound. Fletcher was transferred to the British controlled island of Dominica where he was appointed chief engineer before being sent home at the end of 1796.

While in England, Fletcher served as adjutant to the Royal Military Artificers in Portsmouth until December 1798 when he was sent to Constantinople (now Istanbul) to act as an advisor to the Ottoman Government. Intending to travel through Hanover, Fletcher set sail from England but his ship was wrecked near the mouth of the river Elbe and Fletcher was forced to walk across two miles of ice before reaching land. After three months travelling through Austria and Ottoman territories in the Balkans, Fletcher finally arrived in Constantinople on 29 March 1799. In June 1799, Fletcher, alongside Ottoman troops, advanced into Syria, forcing Napoleon to forgo his siege of Acre and retreat to Egypt.

During 1799, after his return from Syria, Fletcher took part in the preparation of the defences for the Turks in the Dardanelles. After a spell with Ottoman forces in Cyprus, Fletcher returned to Syria in June 1800, to oversee the construction of fortifications at Jaffa and El Arish. Fletcher served under Sir Ralph Abercromby in December 1800 at Marmaris Bay, practising beach assaults for the expected invasion of Egypt the following year. An expedition to reconnoitre the Egyptian port of Alexandria, led to Fletcher's capture when, while returning to his ship after a night reconnaissance mission ashore, Fletcher was intercepted by a French patrol vessel. He was held prisoner in Alexandria until its capture on 2 September 1801.

In October 1801, when the general armistice was signed, Fletcher returned to England, having been promoted to captain while he was imprisoned and later decorated by the Ottoman Empire for his services. The Treaty of Amiens was signed on 25 March 1802 but peace was short-lived and war broke out in May the following year. Fletcher was again sent to Portsmouth where he helped bolster the defences of Gosport. Promoted to major on 2 April 1807, Fletcher took part in the Battle of Copenhagen in August that year.

Peninsular War
Soon after the start of the Peninsular War, Fletcher was sent to Portugal. He was part of the force that occupied Lisbon when the French withdrew following the Convention of Sintra, after which he accompanied Wellington as his chief engineer in the field. Promoted to lieutenant-colonel in the army, 2 March 1809, and then the Royal Engineers, 24 June 1809, he fought at the Battle of Talavera (27-28 July 1809) for which he received a mention in dispatches.

Lines of Torres Vedras
It was while Wellington was making preparations for a retreat to Portugal, that Fletcher became famous for one of the greatest military engineering feats in history. The celebrated Lines of Torres Vedras were constructed on the narrow peninsula between the Atlantic and the Tagus. These three lines of defence; the first 6 miles in front of the principal one and the last 20 miles behind, were intended to protect Lisbon and provide a line of retreat for the British to their ships should it be required. Fletcher began work on these defences on 20 October 1809, using Portuguese soldiers and civilians for the bulk of the labour. Rocky slopes were steepened and reinforced, and defiles were obstructed with forts and earthworks; trees and vegetation were removed to deprive the enemy of cover and sustenance, watercourses were dammed in order to construct impassable lakes or swamps and any buildings were either fortified or destroyed. Fortifications guarded every approach and batteries commanded the highground, while a system of signal stations and roads ensured that troops could be sent quickly to where they were needed the most. And all was conducted with the utmost secrecy so that neither Napoleon nor even the British Government were aware of the lines' existence until Wellington was obliged to retreat behind them later the following year.

In July 1810, shortly before completion of the lines, Fletcher left the fortifications to serve alongside Wellington once more in the field, and was thus at the Battle of Buçaco (27 September 1810) where he again distinguished himself and was mentioned in dispatches. Wellington fell back to the Lines of Torres Vedras in October 1810, pursued by Marshal Masséna, who was shocked to find such extensive defences, having been promised by Portuguese rebels that the road to Lisbon was an easy one. Wellington's superiors were equally surprised to hear about the defences when they later received his report. After an unsuccessful attack on 18 October, Masséna initially retreated to Santarém but when his supplies ran out the following March, he abandoned any thoughts of another attempt and headed north.

Later campaigns
Fletcher, as part of Wellington's forces, chased Masséna to Sabugal where, after some skirmishing, on 2 April, Masséna was finally brought to action at the Battle of Sabugal; the first of a number of engagements as Wellington and Masséna competed for position along the Portuguese and Spanish border. After forcing Masséna to abandon Sabugal, Wellington turned his attention towards Almeida and Ciudad Rodrigo; two fortresses that guarded the northern approach to Portugal. Wellington had planned to capture both while Masséna's army was still in disarray but the loss of Badajoz to Marshall Soult on 11 March, which protected the south, compelled him to divide his force. Wellington sent a quarter of his troops to reinforce General Beresford's, with orders to re-take Badajoz, while his remaining force, which included Fletcher, would lay siege to Almeida. Masséna, now with a superior force, marched to relieve Almeida and Wellington, not wishing to fight under those conditions, withdrew to the town of Fuentes d'Onoro. The town changed hands a number of times during a battle that took place over three days (3–5 May), but ultimately remained under British control. Massénna's troops were neither able to reach the fort nor stay in the open and were thus forced to leave on 8 May. Wellington continued his siege and took possession of Almeida two days later. Fletcher was again mentioned in dispatches when serving as chief engineer at the second siege of Badajoz (19 May – 10 June 1811). The engineers suffered many casualties in their attempts to dig the thin rocky soils around a fort that had been repaired and reinforced since the last unsuccessful siege. Running short of ammunition and having sustained heavy losses; and with news that French reinforcements were on the way, Wellington withdrew his forces to Elvas on 10 June. Fletcher was also present when Ciudad Rodrigo (7 – 19 January 1812) and, on the third attempt, Badajoz (17 March – 16 April 1812) were captured. In the latter engagement it was Fletcher who identified the weak point in the defences and so ultimately decided where the main attack should be. On 19 March, Fletcher was shot in the groin when a French sortie in the fog reached the trenches where he and his engineers were working. His injury might have been much worse if it had not been for a Spanish Silver Dollar in his pocket which took the main force of the musket ball. Fletcher's injury had him confined to his tent where Wellington, desperately short of good engineers, visited him daily for advice. Fletcher returned to England to recover, and was made a baronet on 14 December 1812, and awarded a pension of £1.00 per diem. He received the Portuguese award of the Order of the Tower and Sword; and the Army Gold Cross for Talavera, Bussaco, Ciudad Rodrigo, and Badajoz.

Fletcher returned to the Peninsular in 1813 and received a further mention in dispatches for his role in the Battle of Vitoria on 21 June. Fletcher directed the sieges of Pamplona and San Sebastián. He was killed in action during the final assault on San Sebastián on 31 August 1813.

Memorials
Sir Richard is remembered on a panel commemorating the Peninsular War in Rochester Cathedral.

A memorial in Westminster Abbey was sculpted by Edward Hodges Baily.

title: Sir Richard Fletcher, 1st Baronet


text:
User talk:Freelancer lsf

Image:M31 Andromeda Galaxy.JPG
This seems to be a copyright image: http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap040718.html

You've also uploaded images of the Whirlpool galaxy and others that seem to be copyrighted. Unfortunately these probably can't be used on Wikipedia. -- Curps 02:46, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi, Freelancer lsf. I'm the one who removed your Whirlpool Galaxy image, after an anonymous user discovered the source and made a note of it.  The images you're contributing are really quite beautiful, but you have to understand that an image can only be placed on the Wikipedia if it is explicitly released under the GFDL or a compatible license.  Could you either obtain permission from the artists you're taking the image from or get images from public-domain sources?  You seem to know where to look!  --Ardonik 02:58, Jul 29, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Freelancer lsf


text:
Alexander Bek

Alexander Alfredovich Bek (Алекса́ндр Альфре́дович Бек; – 2 November 1972), sometimes transliterated from the Russian Cyrillic as Aleksandr Bek or Anglicized to Alexander Beck, was a Soviet novelist and writer.

Biography
Alexander Bek was born on 3 January 1903. The son of a physician employed by the Imperial Russian Army, Bek received an upbringing in his native city of Saratov, where he attended a Realschule.

Following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the outbreak of the Russian Civil War between the Red and White movements, he joined the Bolsheviks' Red Army as a sixteen-year-old volunteer and began contributing articles to the army's divisional newspaper in 1919. His first novel, Kurako, completed in honor of the outstanding russian metallurgist Mikhail Kurako and set down following the impressions left on Bek after a visit to the town of Kuznetsk, was published in 1934. Several other works in the style of socialist realism were written during the 1930s.

Bek returned for duty in the Red Army during World War II at Moscow as a volunteer in the 3rd Company, 1st Battalion, 24th Regiment of the 8th (Krasnaya Presnya) Volunteer Rifle Division, known as "The Writers' Company". However, before entering combat he was reassigned to serve as a war correspondent, in which role he witnessed the Soviet defense of Moscow in 1941. He produced one of his life's most famous works, Volokolamsk Highway («Волоколамское шоссе»), in 1944, depicting the heroism of Moscow's defenders. He witnessed the surrender of Nazi Germany in World War II in Berlin the following year.

The more famous of Bek's 1950s and 1960s works included the Several Days («Несколько дней») and General Panfilov's Reserve («Резерв генерала Панфилова»), both of which appeared in 1960, as well as the 1956 Talent (The Life of Berezhkov) («Талант (Жизнь Бережкова)»), which appeared in English as Berezhkov - The Story Of An Inventor and was based on the real life of a specialist involved in the Soviet automobile industry.

Bek's 1965 novel The New Appointment was written as a roman à clef centered around Soviet politician Ivan Tevosian, who under Joseph Stalin's period as head of the Soviet Union had been appointed to play a key role in heading the Soviet metallurgical production. Despite the initial announcement of the book's publication in the pages of Novy Mir, the novel was not published in the Soviet Union until 1986 – in large part as a result of the protests of Tevosian's widow, who complained that the work unfairly discussed the more private aspects of her late husband's life. Accordingly, The New Appointment first appeared in Frankfurt am Main in 1972.

Bek died on 2 November 1972 in Moscow.

English Translations

 * Volokolamsk Highway, Foreign Languages Publishing House, date unknown.
 * And Not to Die: A Novel, SRT Publications, 1949.
 * Berezhkov: The Story of an Inventor, Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1958.

title: Alexander Bek


text:
Talk:Containment

Article is not historically accurate
Though the term containment used today, most often refers to actions taken during the Cold War, its true definition fits such an example into a broader historical perspective. This being said, "containment" was a strategy discussed by Basil Liddell Hart during the 1930s and referred to a plan to prevent German hegemony over the continent by means of "collective security" and "limited liability" (see Azar Gat, A History of Military Thought (2001) pp.696-784). Therefore, containment is a policy by which one nation prevents another from achieving complete hegemony (or an unacceptable degree of influence or military presence) over a continent or territory. As a result, it can be seen that this concept stretches much further than the article would suggest. I would be happy to amend the introduction to the current article if others feel as I do. The article itself is not factually wrong, it merely requires a more accurate introductory definition that places the word's later uses in their proper context.--Dio free 05:19, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Reagan's role in the fall of the Soviet Union
This (mentioned at the end of the article) is heavily disputed by many political scientists and historians. Opposing viewpoints are also absent. As such, this article presents a Non-neutral point of view, and possibly a false assumption.

 * Yah. The article is also inappropriately dismissive of Carter's foreign policy -- as if he had somehow abandoned containment, which is false. --Dhartung | Talk 21:33, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Carter did not abandon Containment; upon taking office Carter did proclaim a new priority in American foreign policy, Human Rights, with Containment second. Before leaving office, Carter was convinced by his advisors, in and out of government, and American allied powers, and opposition critics, that this was a mistake.  Hence Carter reversed himself with the Carter Doctrine, putting the Carter Administration back on the same song sheet with Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Ford.  This is the consensus analysis of American foreign policy observers and experts, Zbigniew Brzezinski included, as to American Foreign Policy in the 1977-1979 period.Nobs01 22:20, 10 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Um, please learn Wikipedia wikilink style standards before editing articles. It isn't our job to guess what he did, if someone believes he abandoned containment, it needs to be sourced. --Dhartung | Talk 06:10, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Um, from Wikipedia.org, Jimmy Carter,
 * "Carter promoted his foreign policy as being one that would place human rights at the forefront." Nobs01 14:34, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * And how, logically, is that the same thing? --Dhartung | Talk 16:07, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * The reference to "abandoned", with the response that Carter made it the second priority (which is not "abandonment"), has been made twice now. Nobs01 16:17, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * The CIA funded Brian Crozier deplores heavily in his book 'Free Agent' that Carter cut CIA funding. At the end of his book, Crozier, who fought in the front row of Containment, admits that it basically fell in a heap. They went bankrupt, just as my late father had predicted since 1948. In the eighties I worked in a company in Frankfurt/M which worked with Comecon countries. 144.136.192.55 (talk) 04:22, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

"Later developments"
In fact, this entire section may be irrelevant to the main topic.

 * That's possible, although again it goes to far in asserting that containment was somehow turned on its head instead of being finessed. There isn't a "History of foreign policy in the Cold War" article, yet, though. --Dhartung | Talk 21:33, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

Various Edits
Good edits. nobs 02:57, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Fixed up a couple spots, added to the end of the overview and at the end of the article about the aftermath.User:Davidizer13 9:51 AM, 9-1-05

I've removed the sentence "contrary to the hopes of the George H.W. Bush administration". As the George H.W. Bush administration had no intention to oust Saddam at the end of the Gulf war. See George H.W. Bush's book A World Transformed 83.228.208.81 (talk) 01:13, 28 June 2008 (UTC)

Origin of the use of the word containment
I know that Kennan is credited with the concept of containment. But the origin of that particular policy is not clear by reading the Long Telegram. It becomes more clear in the Clifford-Elsey Report which uses the terms "restrain" and "confine". Shortly after the Truman Doctrine speech, the word "contain" starts to show up. The X article uses the word containment. So what am I saying? I think that the background summarizing the Long Telegram (2/46), Clifford-Elsey Report (9/46), Truman speech (3/47) and X article (7/47) would add nicely to this article. Clifford's work played a large role in Cold War policy but it is mostly overlooked because the report didn't go beyond President Truman's desk. -- Mufka (u) (t) (c) 02:48, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Use of containment as word
Containment, as referred to in the beginning of the article, is allegedly to contain Soviet expansion. It does not seem applicable to a policy of containing belligerent nations in the Middle East in Asia when the threat of Soviet communism no longer exists, except in the form of Kremlin pressure. Why, then, is it used in reference to Bush's policy in Iraq? Ykerzner (talk) 01:02, 16 December 2008 (UTC)

 * It's a bit mushy. You could interpret Containment as preserving and defending US pre-eminence in the world which comes of course through money. As Iraq was intended to strengthen US influence and power, that seemed to have been intended to 'contain' other influences, even though it did not turn out that way. But applying 'Containment' to Iraq, Libya, and Syria is very much justified as quite some areas of economic activity there were government owned, seen as remnants of socialism and communism which need to be addressed. Containment is not over until all government economic activity is privatised, and thus controlled by the finance industry, not government.

 * Pakistan is left out in the article. Benazir Bhutto's father nationalised some industries when he was PM. But he was replaced by General Zia ul-Haq who privatised it all again. Benazir Bhutto writes in her memoirs that people were running around with USD in the early stages of that process. When Zia condemned Bhutto to death in vexacious charges, President Carter was, from memory, the only world leader who did not speak against the execution. Apparently, Pakistan was seen as a little too socialist and another regime was installed. It's all in the late Benazir Bhutto's memoirs. 144.136.192.55 (talk) 04:41, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

US policy as main article
Why is the US policy the main article? When one hears the word "containment," does one think of US foreign policy? Dude1818 (talk) 19:40, 18 April 2010 (UTC)

HISTORY REPORT
I have a report w/ the vietnam war And Containment. HELP24.99.77.190 (talk) 00:29, 4 March 2014 (UTC)

What about Latin America?
The opening section of this article states, "As a component of the Cold War, this policy was a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to increase communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, Korea, Africa, and Vietnam." Why is Latin America not mentioned? The USSR clearly took steps to establish communism (or at least to support communist governments) in that area of the world, especially in countries such as Cuba. Furthermore, the US definitely responded to the USSR’s actions in Latin America - for example, in Cuba, there was the attempted Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Because of this, I will make an edit to the article to include a mention of Latin America. If this edit is contested, please refer here to discuss why it is not appropriate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 1dareu2mov3 (talk • contribs) 21:14, 24 March 2018 (UTC)

 * Yes this should be expanded Victor Grigas (talk) 03:14, 1 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Containment


text:
The Ballad of Chevy Chase

"The Ballad of Chevy Chase" is an English ballad, catalogued as Child Ballad 162 (Roud 223 ). There are two extant ballads under this title, both of which narrate the same story. As ballads existed within oral tradition before being written down, other versions of this once-popular song also may have existed.

Its tune has been used by other, unconnected songs.

Synopsis

The ballads tell the story of a large hunting party upon a parcel of hunting land (or chase) in the Cheviot Hills, a range of rolling hills straddling the Anglo-Scottish border between Northumberland and the Scottish Borders—hence, Chevy Chase. The hunt is led by Percy, the English Earl of Northumberland, against the wishes of the Scottish Earl Douglas, who had forbidden it. Douglas interprets the party's arrival as an invasion of Scotland and attacks. Only 110 people survive the bloody battle that follows.

Historical basis
Thomas Percy and scholar Francis J. Child noted similarities with the older "The Battle of Otterburn", about the 1388 Battle of Otterburn. Neither set of lyrics is completely historically accurate. Versions of either ballad often contain parallel biographical and historical information; nonetheless, the differences led Child to believe that they did not originally refer to the same occurrence.

Simpson suggests that the music of "Chevy Chase" was identical to the tune of "Flying Flame", in which the former superseded the latter by the beginning of the seventeenth century.

Both ballads were collected in Thomas Percy's Reliques. The first of the ballads is in Francis James Child's English and Scottish Popular Ballads. Different versions were collected in England, Scotland, and the United States.

Versions of "The Ballad of Chevy Chase" exist in several ballad collections, including the Roxburghe Ballads, the Pepys Library, the Huntington Library Miscellaneous, the Glasgow University Library, and the Crawford Collection at the National Library of Scotland. The ballads in these collections were printed with variations between 1623 and 1760. Online facsimiles of the ballad are also available for public consumption at the English Broadside Ballad Archive and other online repositories.

First ballad
The first of the two ballads of Chevy Chase may have been written as early as the 1430s, but the earliest record we have of it is in The Complaynt of Scotland, printed around 1549. One of the first printed books in Middle Scots, the book calls the ballad The Hunting of Cheviot.

The first manuscript version of the ballad was written around 1550 (MS Ashmole 48, Bodleian Library).

In the seventeenth century, the tune was licensed in 1624 and again in 1675.

Second ballad
In 1711, Joseph Addison wrote in The Spectator:

"The old song of 'Chevy-Chase' is the favourite ballad of the common people of England, and Ben Jonson used to say he had rather have been the author of it than of all his works. Sir Philip Sidney, in his discourse of Poetry [The Defence of Poesie], speaks of it in the following words: 'I never heard the old song of Percy and Douglas that I found not my heart more moved than with a trumpet; and yet it is sung by some blind crowder with no rougher voice than rude style, which being so evil apparelled in the dust and cobweb of that uncivil age, what would it work trimmed in the gorgeous eloquence of Pindar?' For my own part, I am so professed an admirer of this antiquated song, that I shall give my reader a critique upon it without any further apology for so doing."

Apparently, Addison was unaware that the ballad, which he proceeded to analyze in detail, was not the same work praised by Sidney and Jonson. The second of the ballads appears to have been written in modernized English shortly after Sidney's comments, perhaps around 1620, and to have become the better-known version.

Cultural references

William Hutton, in A Journey from Birmingham to London (1785), mentions "the old song of Chevy Chace" and its tale about "the animosity between England and Scotland".

In Sir Walter Scott's Rob Roy (1817), the main character, Frank, upon seeing the trophies on the walls of Osbaldistone hall, imagines them being from the Chevy Chase.

An early and popular painting of 1825–6 by Edwin Landseer was titled The Hunting of Chevy Chase.

In Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights (1847), Catherine Heathcliff (née Catherine Linton) scorns Hareton Earnshaw's primitive attempts at reading, saying, "I wish you would repeat Chevy Chase as you did yesterday; it was extremely funny!"

In Elizabeth Gaskell's North and South (1855), on hearing the conversation between Mr. Thornton and her father, Margaret Hale wonders, “How in the world had they got from cog-wheels to Chevy Chace?”

In F. Anstey's Vice Versa (1882), the boys at Dr. Grimstone's boarding school are required to play a game called "chevy" (a version of "prisoners' base" or "darebase"), "so called from the engagement famed in ballad and history".

Legacy
A tract of land in British America was named "Cheivy Chace" by 1725, and was in the 1890s and early 1900s developed into the affluent areas of Chevy Chase, Maryland, and Chevy Chase, Washington, D.C. A golf club in the Maryland Chevy Chase inspired the name of Chevy Chase, Lexington, Kentucky.

A shopping mall in the Eldon Square Shopping Centre in Newcastle upon Tyne is named "Chevy Chase" in allusion to the ballad.

The ballad inspired the childhood nickname and adult stage name of the American comedian and actor Chevy Chase (born Cornelius Crane Chase, 1943).

The ballad has given the English language the verb to chivvy, meaning to pester or encourage someone to perform a task.

title: The Ballad of Chevy Chase


text: Category:1891 films

title: Category:1891 films


text:
User talk:209.139.228.161

Welcome
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March 2011
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Tool has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. Sea photo Talk 23:50, 18 March 2011 (UTC)

The recent edit you made to Tool constitutes vandalism, and has been reverted. Please do not continue to vandalize pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. Sea photo Talk 23:52, 18 March 2011 (UTC)

Please do not vandalize pages, as you did with this edit to Tool. If you continue to do so, you will be blocked from editing.  Tide  rolls  23:54, 18 March 2011 (UTC)

April 2011
This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize Wikipedia, as you did at Luís Domingues, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. Mild Bill Hiccup (talk) 01:58, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

January 2013
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Please refrain from making test edits in Wikipedia pages, such as those you made to Talk:Edit, even if you intend to fix them later. Your edits have been reverted. If you would like to experiment again, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Cannolis (talk) 20:37, 17 April 2017 (UTC)
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This is your only warning; if you vandalize Wikipedia again, you may be blocked from editing without further notice. ''Starting with several nonsensical empty edit requests I've spent the last 10 minutes reverting your vandalism. STOP!'' Cabayi (talk) 21:20, 17 April 2017 (UTC)

September 2018
Hello, I'm Donner60. I noticed that you made a change to an article, Zeballos, British Columbia, but you didn't provide a source. I’ve removed it for now, but if you’d like to include a citation to a reliable source and re-add it, please do so! If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thanks. Donner60 (talk) 02:03, 29 September 2018 (UTC)

January 2019
Please do not add unreferenced or poorly referenced information, especially if controversial, to articles or any other page on Wikipedia about living (or recently deceased) persons, as you did to Jack White. Thank you. Dolotta (talk) 04:06, 14 January 2019 (UTC)

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title: User talk:209.139.228.161


text: User talk:66.141.92.96

title: User talk:66.141.92.96


text:
User:SpookyMulder

Hi and welcome to the best page on Wikipedia! :)

I'm mainly interested in history, particularly European and naval history, science, particularly physics, nature and politics. The main pages I've contributed to or added are:

Aircraft carrier - Battleship - Cruiser - Frigate - Destroyer - Torpedo boat - Submarine - Xebec - Corvette - Sloop

List of battleships by country List of naval battles

and various battle pages

Long live Jon Stewart! (clips)  (and Stephen Colbert!) (clips)

I'll add more later.

MySpace FaceBook

title: User:SpookyMulder


text: User talk:80.58.16.170

title: User talk:80.58.16.170


text:
Yevgeny Baratynsky

Yevgeny Abramovich Baratynsky (Евге́ний Абра́мович Бараты́нский; 2 March 1800 – 11 July 1844) was lauded by Alexander Pushkin as the finest Russian elegiac poet. After a long period when his reputation was on the wane, Baratynsky was rediscovered by Russian Symbolism poets as a supreme poet of thought.

Biography
A member of the noble Baratynsky, or, more accurately, Boratynsky family, the future poet received his education at the Page Corps at St. Petersburg, from which he was expelled at the age of 15 after stealing a snuffbox and five hundred roubles from the bureau of his accessory's uncle. After three years in the countryside and deep emotional turmoil he entered the army as a private.

In 1820 the young poet met Anton Delvig, who rallied his failing spirits and introduced him to the literary press. Soon the military posted Baratynsky to Finland, where he remained for six years. His first long poem, Eda, written during this period, established his reputation.

In January 1826 he married the daughter of Major-General Gregory G. Engelhardt. Through the interest of friends he obtained leave from the Emperor to retire from the army, and he settled in 1827 in Muranovo just north of Moscow (now a literary museum). There he completed his longest work, The Gipsy, a poem written in the style of Pushkin.

Baratynsky's family life seemed happy, but a profound melancholy remained in the background of his mind and of his poetry. He published several books of verse which Pushkin and other perceptive critics praised highly, but which met with a comparatively cool reception from the public, and with violent ridicule on the part of the young journalists of the "plebeian party". As time went by, Baratynsky's mood progressed from pessimism to hopelessness, and elegy became his preferred form of expression. He died in 1844 at Naples, where he had gone in pursuit of a milder climate.

Poetry
Baratynsky's earliest poems are punctuated by conscious efforts to write differently from Pushkin whom he regarded as a model of perfection. Even Eda, his first long poem, though inspired by Pushkin's The Prisoner of the Caucasus, adheres to a realistic and homely style, with a touch of sentimental pathos but not a trace of romanticism. It is written, like all that Baratynsky wrote, in a wonderfully precise style, next to which Pushkin's seems hazy. The descriptive passages are among the best—the stern nature of Finland was particularly dear to Baratynsky.

His short pieces from the 1820s are distinguished by the cold, metallic brilliance and sonority of the verse. They are dryer and clearer than anything in the whole of Russian poetry before Akhmatova. The poems from that period include fugitive, light pieces in the Anacreontic and Horatian manner, some of which have been recognized as the masterpieces of the kind, as well as love elegies, where a delicate sentiment is clothed in brilliant wit.

In his mature work (which includes all his short poems written after 1829) Baratynsky is a poet of thought, perhaps of all the poets of the "stupid nineteenth century" the one who made the best use of thought as a material for poetry. This made him alien to his younger contemporaries and to all the later part of the century, which identified poetry with sentiment. His poetry is, as it were, a short cut from the wit of the 18th-century poets to the metaphysical ambitions of the twentieth (in terms of English poetry, from Alexander Pope to T. S. Eliot).

Baratynsky's style is classical and dwells on the models of the previous century. Yet in his effort to give his thought the tersest and most concentrated statement, he sometimes becomes obscure by sheer dint of compression. Baratynsky's obvious labour gives his verse a certain air of brittleness which is at poles' ends from Pushkin's divine, Mozartian lightness and elasticity. Among other things, Baratynsky was one of the first Russian poets who were, in verse, masters of the complicated sentence, expanded by subordinate clauses and parentheses.

title: Yevgeny Baratynsky


text: User talk:217.132.133.151

title: User talk:217.132.133.151


text:
ATC code N04

N04AA Tertiary amines

 * N04AA01 Trihexyphenidyl
 * N04AA02 Biperiden
 * N04AA03 Metixene
 * N04AA04 Procyclidine
 * N04AA05 Profenamine
 * N04AA08 Dexetimide
 * N04AA09 Phenglutarimide
 * N04AA10 Mazaticol
 * N04AA11 Bornaprine
 * N04AA12 Tropatepine

N04AB Ethers chemically close to antihistamines

 * N04AB01 Etanautine
 * N04AB02 Orphenadrine (chloride)

N04AC Ethers of tropine or tropine derivatives

 * N04AC01 Benzatropine
 * N04AC30 Etybenzatropine

N04BA Dopa and dopa derivatives

 * N04BA01 Levodopa
 * N04BA02 Levodopa and decarboxylase inhibitor
 * N04BA03 Levodopa, decarboxylase inhibitor and COMT inhibitor
 * N04BA04 Melevodopa
 * N04BA05 Melevodopa and decarboxylase inhibitor
 * N04BA06 Etilevodopa and decarboxylase inhibitor
 * N04BA07 Foslevodopa and decarboxylase inhibitor

N04BB Adamantane derivatives

 * N04BB01 Amantadine

N04BC Dopamine agonists

 * N04BC01 Bromocriptine
 * N04BC02 Pergolide
 * N04BC03 Dihydroergocryptine mesylate
 * N04BC04 Ropinirole
 * N04BC05 Pramipexole
 * N04BC06 Cabergoline
 * N04BC07 Apomorphine
 * N04BC08 Piribedil
 * N04BC09 Rotigotine

N04BD Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors

 * N04BD01 Selegiline
 * N04BD02 Rasagiline
 * N04BD03 Safinamide

N04BX Other dopaminergic agents

 * N04BX01 Tolcapone
 * N04BX02 Entacapone
 * N04BX03 Budipine
 * N04BX04 Opicapone

N04CX Other antiparkinson drugs

 * N04CX01 Istradefylline

title: ATC code N04


text: User talk:61.185.250.245

title: User talk:61.185.250.245


text:
Ron MacLean

Ronald Joseph Corbett MacLean (born April 12, 1960) is a Canadian sportscaster for the CBC and Rogers Media, best known as the host of Hockey Night in Canada from 1986 to 2014 and again since 2016, and is also a hockey referee.

Early life and education
MacLean was born in Zweibrücken, West Germany, at the NATO Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) Number 3 Fighter Wing Zweibrucken, West Germany on April 12, 1960. His father was stationed at the NATO RCAF Number 1 Air Division Headquarters, Chateau de Mercy, Metz, France where he was employed in the Chateau as a  NCO Communications Operator (Crypto Centre).

Ron MacLean Sr., of Sydney, Nova Scotia, married in July 1959 at 1 Air Division Metz, a member of the RCAF, Sarah "Lila" MacDonald, from Iona, Nova Scotia. In 1956-57 Ron MacLean Sr. worked as a communications operator at RCAF Station Edmonton, while MacDonald was an airwoman/clerk stationed at RCAF Station Namao, just outside Edmonton. Fourteen months after MacLean's birth, the family moved back to Canada, initially settling in Chester, Nova Scotia. MacLean was four years old when his dad was stationed in Whitehorse, Yukon, with the Royal Canadian Air Force before relocating eventually in Sylvan Lake, Alberta.

He attended high school in Red Deer, Alberta, where he met his future wife Cari. After high school, MacLean was prepared to attend the University of Alberta until he was asked to fill in for a sick friend at CKRD-FM, which led to a job at CKRD-TV. Although he never attended university, MacLean received an honorary degree from the University of Alberta in 2019.

Hockey Night in Canada
MacLean has worked on Hockey Night in Canada since 1986–87. He began hosting telecasts in Calgary and Toronto when Dave Hodge moved to Vancouver. Hodge was later suspended, and eventually quit, protesting a CBC programming decision on-air. He worked his first Stanley Cup Finals that spring and has been the early game host ever since. Part of his duties included hosting Coach's Corner with Don Cherry.

Contract negotiations with CBC Sports Executive Director Nancy Lee and the president of English television had hit a standstill in the 2001–02 NHL season. MacLean threatened to leave CBC on the advice of his agent Don Meehan. That made headlines across Canada and following a huge public outcry, the CBC quickly gave in to his demands. In addition to hosting HNIC, he has been a part of the CBC's Olympics coverage since 1988. He took over as chief anchor following the departure of Brian Williams to CTV/TSN. MacLean was the main sportscaster and host for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing until his mother died, causing him to hand over duties to Scott Russell. In 1993, MacLean served as an ice level reporter for NBC Sports' coverage of the NHL All-Star Game in Montreal. MacLean has also hosted CBC's coverage of the Queen's Plate.

Beginning with the 2014–15 NHL season, MacLean was hired by Rogers Media when the company acquired the national rights to the NHL. MacLean was removed from the host position of Hockey Night in Canada, but retained his role as host of Coach's Corner, and became an on-location host for the new, travelling Hometown Hockey broadcasts introduced that season. On June 27, 2016, Rogers announced that MacLean would be reinstated as host of the early games on Hockey Night beginning in the upcoming season, replacing George Stroumboulopoulos.

On November 9, 2019, MacLean's co-host Don Cherry made remarks during Coach's Corner suggesting that Canadian immigrants benefit from the sacrifices of veterans and do not wear remembrance poppies. MacLean, who nodded during Cherry's rant and flashed a thumbs-up sign at the end of Saturday's segment, apologized the following day for staying silent during Cherry's remarks. The following day, Sportsnet president Bart Yabsley announced that Cherry had been fired: "Following further discussions with Don Cherry after Saturday night's broadcast, it has been decided it is the right time for him to immediately step down." The following day, Cherry expressed his disappointment over MacLean's apology. On November 16, 2019, MacLean addressed and reflected on the incident during Hockey Night in Canada, the first without Cherry, also announcing the end of Coach's Corner.

Awards and honours
MacLean has won eight Gemini Awards for his work with CBC. His first was in 1992 for Best Sports Broadcaster; he also won the Best Sports Broadcaster award in 1994, 1997, 1998 and 2001. He won Best Host or Interviewer in a Sports Program or Sportscast in 2004 and again in 2006. In 1996, he was inducted into the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame. In 2015, he was inducted into the Oakville Sports Hall of Fame. In 2016, MacLean, along with his Coach's Corner co-host Don Cherry, received a star on Canada's Walk of Fame.

Hockey Canada
In addition to his work at the CBC, MacLean is a former Level 5 referee with Hockey Canada. He has refereed in junior, minor pro, senior, and university leagues across Canada, mostly in the Southern Ontario region. He served as a referee in the September 29, 2006, NHL preseason matchup of the Buffalo Sabres and the Pittsburgh Penguins, calling one penalty in the final minute of the game.

Personal life
MacLean was named Honorary Colonel of the 1 Air Movements Squadron at 17 Wing Winnipeg of the Canadian Forces' Air Command.

On June 3, 2010, MacLean helped to rescue a man trying to take his own life, by jumping into the Delaware River in Philadelphia.

In 2010, MacLean and his 1986 Ford Mustang were profiled by The Globe and Mail.

title: Ron MacLean


text:
User talk:207.250.21.19

Nomination of Odie for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Odie is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Odie until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Jurta talk/he/they 14:53, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:207.250.21.19


text:
User talk:DevilBlaze14

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Good luck!

Thanks for experimenting with the page Pimp on Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. --P e ruvianLlama(spit) 01:51, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

Nomination of List of snowboard tricks for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article List of snowboard tricks is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/List of snowboard tricks& until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 00:31, 21 April 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:DevilBlaze14