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User talk:KevinBot

Please direct all questions or comments to User:Kevin Rector at User talk:Kevin Rector.

Below are some archived discussions about KevinBot and the chores that it does/will do.

Put a reference to the country in Rambot pages.
''The following is here for historical purposes. But because Ram-Man has become active again, I am not going to be modifying any of the RamBot articles.''

I have privately (to Kevin Rector) suggested that KevinBot should change all RamBot articles that they state that the place was actually in the USA. It currently goes X is a city located in Y-County, Z-State., and it'd be nice if you could add in the USA after that... I think this would be a bit more NPOV. Kevin Rector suggested that I bring up this on the pump for comments. Kokiri 13:43, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * This is a good suggestion. I have been giving a bit of thought as to how Rambot articles can be improved and I agree this is a welcome change. — Trilobite (Talk) 14:31, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * As a U.S. citizen, I emphatically agree that each U.S. town article should include "in the United States". (I prefer that to an abbreviation. These articles are essentially automatically-generated starting points — why not use the proper term from the start?) A quick check shows that Paris, Tokyo, and Buenos Aires, all large and famous cities, clearly indicate their country, though such information is no surprise to most. Should we expect less of U.S. locales, just because many people might be expected to recognize the second part of their article titles as U.S. states? — Jeff Q 14:40, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * "in the United States" sounds good to me. I expect you could even find some people in the U.S. who didn't recoginze all 50 states. Rmhermen 14:51, Aug 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * I would prefer the formulation as X is a city located in Y-County in the U.S. state of Z-state. I'd argue that the U.S. state article is more relevant to anyone interested in what Z-state was than the main United States article. older ≠ wiser 14:56, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Even if you do recognize all 50 states, Athens is a city in Georgia is unclear, as there is both a US state and a country by that name. DenisMoskowitz

 * A reference to the country definitely should be added. I don't think the "in the..." is needed: why not just "?" My preference would be just to add ", USA " after the state name, but some people don't like the abbreviation: " , United States " then. –Hajor 15:02, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I can already see trouble brewing here over the old controversy of whether United States or its abbreviation US is the best way of refering to the United States of America. My proposal is to have something along the lines of: Somewhere is a city located in State, USA. This avoids people complaining about US or United States because no one will object (hopefully) to the country being referred to by what is by far its most common abbreviation. — Trilobite (Talk) 15:12, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Something like that. Discreet, to the point, and links to both the state and the country (said in reply to Bkonrad, above). –Hajor

 * Also a US citizen, I very much want Wikipedia to not be US-centric, so I definately support identifying the country. I would prefer "USA" or "United States of America", as there is more than one "United States of ____". I would be happy with any of the following: Sunnyvale is a city located in Santa Clara County, California, USA. Santa Clara, founded in 1852, is a city located in Santa Clara County, in the U.S. state of California. Mountain View is a city located in Santa Clara County, in the U.S. state of California, USA. I like the latter two because they give the reader the most options to get further information, but can appreciate the arguement of succinctness of the first one. Niteowlneils 18:35, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * If anyone actually writes a bot to do this, they will need to be somewhat careful. While the vast majority of the Rambot location descriptions do match the form: X is a city located in Y-County, Z-State, there are many situations with variations on this. Besides the obvious city/town/township/village variants, sometimes the county is not given, presumably because Rambot was not able to manage ambiguous cases where a city spans multiple counties. Also many of the entries have already been manually updated so that the Rambot text may not be recognizable. Basically, I think any such bot would need fairly close human supervision.
 * FWIW, I'm still partial to the form X is a city located in Y-County in the U.S. state of Z-state. The other forms presume readers understand the comma separated hierarchy of U.S. place names. For those unfamiliar with the U.S federal structure, saying "in the U.S. state of Z-state" makes it clear what Z-state is. I personally don't like appending USA or United States of America, though I could live with appending simply United States. older ≠ wiser 20:07, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Is there anybody who would understand the expression "U.S. state" without understanding the significance of "Z-state, USA"? ☺ I must admit an ignorance of how the rest of the world thinks of the U.S. and its states, which might be different from how they think of political divisions from other countries not their own. Whereas I would not expect many to be familiar with the région and département system of France, I expect the individual states of the U.S. seem to have much more world notoriety. (Of course, California is no doubt much better known than, say, Rhode Island, but how many French régions or Japanese prefectures can your average Wikipedia reader name? I just don't have a good perspective on this.) In any case, some form of "United States" belongs in the initial identification. As long as it's clear, it's not as important what form, especially since people are expected to improve upon the articles. — Jeff Q 00:07, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, my wife is German, although she's lived here for many years, and in discussions with her friends and relatives there, it's clear to me that for the most part they only have a very vague notion of U.S. states beyond travel destinations such as Florida or California. They may have heard the names of the states, but may not really know where they are and are about as mystified by the relationship between the states and federal government as I am about how the German states and independent cities relate to each other and to the whole. What I'm trying to say is that for all practical purposes they understand that Michigan is in the U.S. in much the same way that they might understand that Chicago or the Grand Canyon is in the U.S. Simply writing "Michigan, USA" does not provide any cues as to what Michigan is in the same way that "U.S. state of Michigan" does. older ≠ wiser 01:07, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I've heard stories of European tourists on the east coast wanting to rent a car for a weekend trip to the west coast, and similar. Completely aprochryphal friend-of-a-friend type thing though. -- Cyrius|✎ 03:26, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * While it's true that Mexico is formally Estados Unidos Mexicanos, in Mexico itself the phrase Estados Unidos almost always refers to the United States of America, and the English form should certainly be seen as unambiguous—it is in international usage, anyway, as we see in the Olympics. For my money, I prefer the form "California, US," with or without the periods, making use of the most common English-language abbreviation as standardized by the ISO.  Austin Hair 10:58, Aug 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Also, while I agree that the country should be explicitly stated in the article, it should be noted that US states are not mere subdivisions, but autonomous entities, all of which have enjoyed varying levels of sovereignty in the past (states must be organized before admission to the Union, if only as territories). The 13 founding colonies existed as de facto nations within a loose confederation prior to the ratification of the Constitution; Vermont, California, Texas, and Hawaii were all independent republics before being annexed.  As for significance, one could easily argue that Rhode Island is no more obscure than Azerbaijan, whose economy is easily exceeded by the former, our smallest state.  Just something to think about.  Austin Hair 11:32, Aug 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * I would dispute that US is the most common English-language abbreviation. I'm quite prepared to believe it's the most common in that country, but in the rest of the English-speaking world it would only be heard as part of phrases like "US Air Force" or "the US embassy". USA is far more common. — Trilobite (Talk) 11:52, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

My proposal: Exampletown is a city located in in the U.S. state of Examplestate. Neutrality 03:13, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I like the "in Florida, USA" or "in Florida in the United States" versions much better (I prefer the first). [[User:Sverdrup|❝Sverdrup❞ ]] 03:19, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, it should be done hierarchically. Those who don't grasp that Florida is a state will be enlightened when they click on it. It seems illogical not to mention the country explicity — the "US state" proposal does it in a slightly roundabout way. Most articles on places give the country in the form "Dortmund is a city in Germany". The county and state need including so "Somewhere is a city in Somewhere County, Alabama, USA." should do fine. — Trilobite (Talk) 04:21, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Are you saying that people will not understand that "U.S. state" refers to a division of the USA? If we're talking about people needing to make an extra click to be enlightened, then why bother to include any qualification at all. If a reader doesn't know where Florida is, they can find out by clicking on it. I dislike the comma separated hierachy "place, county, state, USA" because it looks ugly, sort of like a postal address--but misleadingly because actual postal addresses would not include the county. I really don't care that much if people want to qualify the places that way, but I have been and will continue to qualify them by writing out "in the U.S state of". I don't generally re-write a USA ref unless I am also making other edits to the sentence containing it. older ≠ wiser 01:15, 20 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I second Trilobite. I like "Somewhere is a city in Somewhere County, Alabama, USA." Also, KevinBot uses Regular expressions so if the standard format is not in the article (it's been edited since) then the article will get skipped. Kevin Rector 13:58, Aug 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * If this is a vote, I strongly agree with the above format. - Taxman 19:14, Aug 20, 2004 (UTC)

Just say that {cityname} is a city located in {countyname} in the U.S. state of {statename}. I would oppose simply adding USA, U.S., or United States at the end of the current RamBot wording. The triple comma set-up is very awkward. --mav 07:21, 20 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Hi Kokiri. It was time to clean the pump, so I've moved the above discussion on Rambot and Kevinbot here so you can decide what to do with it. By the way, that's a great picture on your user page. Do you have a larger version of it you could upload? It might be good for a nomination to Featured picture candidates, but would probably not be supported at its current size. Angela. 22:01, Aug 20, 2004 (UTC)

Unless I've missed some, the list below shows all the permutations offered above, each option applied to one article that specifies the state and one that doesn't. Please add any I've neglected to include. (No. 3 wasn't previously offered. It's a refinement of No. 2, which simply splits the U.S. state link into two: it thus offers a list to the main country article as well as to the list of states. It struck me as helpful.) The rationale is that seeing all the options laid out in an orderly fashion might help us reach a consensus. I hope so. –Hajor 23:19, 20 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) Clovis is a city located in Curry County, New Mexico, in the United States.
 * 2) *Abilene is a city located in Texas in the United States.
 * 3) Clovis is a city located in Curry County in the U.S. state of New Mexico.
 * 4) *Abilene is a city located in the U.S. state of Texas.
 * 5) (Clovis is a city located in Curry County in the U.S. state of New Mexico.)
 * 6) *(Abilene is a city located in the U.S. state of Texas.)
 * 7) Clovis is a city located in Curry County, New Mexico, United States.
 * 8) *Abilene is a city located in Texas, United States.
 * 9) Clovis is a city located in Curry County, New Mexico, USA.
 * 10) *Abilene is a city located in Texas, USA.
 * 11) Clovis is a city located in Curry County, New Mexico, U.S.
 * 12) *Abilene is a city located in Texas, U.S.

Third Law Question
Exactly how do you go about protecting your own existence? ---Isaac R 19:05, 12 May 2005 (UTC)

I know about the Three Laws. It's just that applying them to a perl script seems a little, uh, pretentious... ;-) ---Isaac R 04:29, 13 May 2005 (UTC)

Possible New Article for West New York'o philes
A prominent newspaper editor who worked for papers like the New York Daily Mirror named Philip A. Payne lived in West New York, according to an article in the Jan. 29, 2006 Union City Reporter (which I assume was also printed in the Hudson Reporter's other area papers.) There is no article on him as of now, and I have other article I wish to work on, so as a suggestion, if anyone wants to make a one on him, and you want the article as reference, you can see it in full at: http://img368.imageshack.us/img368/9012/philippaynearticle7hw.jpg. You can also begin a section on Noteworthy Residents for that city's page (as I did for Union City), and place him in there. I'm sending this message to all the Wikipedians that I saw on the History page for the West New York article, so you don't have to respond to me about this. Nightscream 00:12, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

This is a automated to all bot operators
Please take a few moments and fill in the data for your bot on Bots/Status Thank you Betacommand (talk • contribs • Bot) 19:38, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Automated message to bot owners
As a result of discussion on the village pump and mailing list, bots are now allowed to edit up to 15 times per minute. The following is the new text regarding bot edit rates from Bot Policy: "Until new bots are accepted they should wait 30-60 seconds between edits, so as to not clog the recent changes list and user watchlists. After being accepted and a bureaucrat has marked them as a bot, they can edit at a much faster pace. Bots doing non-urgent tasks should edit approximately once every ten seconds, while bots who would benefit from faster editing may edit approximately once every every four seconds." Also, to eliminate the need to spam the bot talk pages, please add Bot owners' noticeboard to your watchlist. Future messages which affect bot owners will be posted there. Thank you. --Mets501 03:09, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:KevinBot


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Passamaquoddy Bay

Passamaquoddy Bay (Baie de Passamaquoddy) is an inlet of the Bay of Fundy, between the U.S. state of Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick, at the mouth of the St. Croix River. Most of the bay lies within Canada, with its western shore bounded by Washington County, Maine. The southernmost point is formed by West Quoddy Head on the U.S. mainland in Lubec, Maine; and runs northeasterly through Campobello Island, New Brunswick, engulfing Deer Island, New Brunswick, to the New Brunswick mainland head at L'Etete, New Brunswick in Charlotte County, New Brunswick.

Overview

The exact demarcation of the border in Passamaquoddy Bay was a long-standing issue between the United States and Britain/Canada. Already the Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812, included a provision for the appointment of "commissioners to divide the islands of Passamaquoddy Bay between the United States and Great Britain" (see John Holmes). Nevertheless, confusions and ambiguities on this issue persisted.

The southern boundaries of the bay are sometimes confused since Deer Island sections off the large open waters of the bay; however, the terminology of the Passamaquoddy Bay Treaty of 1910 specifies that Passamaquoddy Bay runs south of Treat Island (one of the islands that now comprise the city of Eastport, Maine), between Campobello Island and Lubec, Maine:

"'Now, therefore, upon the evidence and arguments so presented, and after taking into consideration all actions, of the respective Governments and of their representatives authorized in that behalf and of the local governments on either side of the line, whether prior or subsequent to such treaties and award, tending to aid in the interpretation thereof, the High Contracting Parties hereby agree that the location of the international boundary line between the United States and the Dominion of Canada from a point in Passamaquoddy Bay accurately defined in the Treaty between Great Britain and the United States of April 11, 1908, as, lying between Treat Island and Friar Head, and extending thence through Passamaquoddy Bay and to, the middle of Grand Manan Channel, shall run in a series of seven connected straight lines for the distances and in the directions as follows.'"

The largest community on Passamaquoddy Bay proper is St. Andrews, New Brunswick, but the twin communities of Calais-St. Stephen are sometimes included, despite being located on the St. Croix River. The city of Eastport, Maine lies between Passamaquoddy Bay and Cobscook Bay, to the city's west. The narrow passage between Maine and Deer Island is known as Western Passage. The passage between Eastport, Maine, and Friar Bay, Campobello Island, is known as Friar Roads.

The three entrances into Passamaquoddy Bay from the Bay of Fundy are Letete Passage northeast of Deer Island, Head Harbour Passage to the southeast of Deer Island and northwest of Campobello Island, and Quoddy Narrows, between southern Lubec, Maine, and southern Campobello Island. Running north from West Quoddy Head in Lubec, the passages known as Quoddy Narrows, Lubec Channel, Lubec Narrows, Friar Roads, and Western Passage also host the International Boundary between Canada and the United States.

The Head Harbour Passage is the deepwater entry to the Bay. The US and Canadian governments agree that the passage is Canadian. The US government believes that it is a territorial sea in which international law gives commercial vessels a right of passage. The Canadian government believes that it can regulate passage and is considering doing so to prevent the use by supertankers carrying cargo to liquified natural gas plants proposed for the American coast of the bay.

Smuggling
After the American Revolution, Passamaquoddy Bay was the scene of a thriving smuggling trade. Smuggling peaked in 1808 during Jefferson's Embargo, when smugglers illegally moved tens of thousands of barrels of American flour from American territory into New Brunswick. During the War of 1812, a thriving illicit trade in British manufactured goods existed. After the War of 1812, the primary smuggled good was gypsum from Nova Scotia, which was usually deposited directly into American vessels on or near the border. Smuggling was winked at by both officials and locals in the region, who discouraged outside intervention by British or American authorities who wanted to stop or control it.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Passamaquoddy Bay


text:
Profile in Silver

"Profile in Silver" is the first segment of the twentieth episode of the first season of the 1985 revival of The Twilight Zone television series. In this segment, a time traveler interferes in the assassination of John F. Kennedy, and must find a way to repair the resulting damage to the timeline.

Plot
Dr. Joseph Fitzgerald has traveled back in time from the year 2172 and assumed the identity of an instructor at Harvard University. His mission is to video record the assassination of John F. Kennedy, from whom he is descended. Fitzgerald is nervous about watching his own ancestor be murdered. Dr. Kate Wang, a colleague from his own time, rebukes him for carrying around a 1964 coin with Kennedy's image, but he implores her to let this minor infraction against time travel rules slide.

At the scene of the assassination, Fitzgerald impulsively shouts for the president to take cover. President Kennedy ducks, and the shot misses him. A grateful Kennedy invites Fitzgerald to stay at the White House. As Kennedy and his entourage return home, the president is notified that Nikita Khrushchev has been assassinated and Soviet troops have captured West Berlin.

Fitzgerald consults his wrist computer, which informs him that his alteration of history has caused massive rips in the fabric of time. The assassination of Khrushchev was not enough to fix the damage; all possible outcomes to this timeline involve war between the superpowers. The only way to repair the timeline is for Kennedy to die in the exact manner as history recorded.

The president's Secret Service bodyguard, Ray, has grown suspicious of Fitzgerald after finding his 1964 coin and examining his video camera, the shell of which is an unknown alloy that cannot be opened. Kennedy summons Fitzgerald, who tells them the whole story, showing a holographic display from the camera as partial proof. Kennedy volunteers to go back and be assassinated in order to repair the timeline. Fitzgerald, overwhelmed by his ancestor's heroism, removes his Harvard school ring, which is actually his time travel device, and places it on Kennedy's hand. Kennedy is transported to Fitzgerald's home, in 2172. Fitzgerald takes Kennedy's place in the Dallas motorcade.

At Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, the dead body of "President Kennedy" (actually Fitzgerald) is attended to by Dr. Wang. Ray recognizes her ring because it is identical to Fitzgerald's. She tells him she knew what Fitzgerald's fate would be, since even actions committed during time travel become part of history, but could not let him know.

At Harvard University in 2172, John F. Kennedy delivers a speech to a classroom full of students, in which he implicitly lauds Fitzgerald's sacrifice and the sacrifices of other honorable men like him.

Response
Starloggers.com ranks it as number two on its top 10 Twilight Zone episodes from the 1980s.

title: Profile in Silver


text:
Menagerie

A menagerie is a collection of captive animals, frequently exotic, kept for display; or the place where such a collection is kept, a precursor to the modern zoo or zoological garden.

The term was first used in 17th-century France, referring to the management of household or domestic stock. Later, it came to be used primarily in reference to aristocratic or royal animal collections. The French-language Methodical Encyclopaedia of 1782 defines a menagerie as an "establishment of luxury and curiosity". Later on, the term referred also to travelling animal collections that exhibited wild animals at fairs across Europe and the Americas.

Aristocratic menageries
A menagerie was mostly connected with an aristocratic or royal court and was situated within a garden or park of a palace. These aristocrats wanted to illustrate their power and wealth by displaying exotic animals which were uncommon, difficult to acquire, and expensive to maintain in a living and active state.

The aristocratic menageries are distinguished from the later zoological garden (zoos) since they were founded and owned by aristocrats whose intentions were not primarily of scientific and educational interest.

Medieval period and Renaissance
During the Middle Ages, several sovereigns across Europe maintained menageries at their royal courts. An early example is that of the Emperor Charlemagne in the 8th century. His three menageries, at Aachen, Nijmegen and Ingelheim, located in present-day Netherlands and Germany, housed the first elephants seen in Europe since the Roman Empire, along with monkeys, lions, bears, camels, falcons, and many exotic birds. Charlemagne received exotic animals for his collection as gifts from rulers of Africa and Asia. In 797, the caliph of Baghdad, Harun al-Rashid, presented Charlemagne with an Asian elephant named Abul-Abbas. The pachyderm arrived on July 1, 802 to the Emperor's residence in Aachen. He died in June 810.

William the Conqueror had a small royal menagerie. At his manor, Woodstock, he began a collection of exotic animals. Around the year 1100 his son, Henry I, enclosed Woodstock and enlarged the collection. At the beginning of the 12th century, Henry I of England is known to have kept a collection of animals at his palace in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, reportedly including lions, leopards, lynxes, camels, owls, and a porcupine.

The most prominent animal collection in medieval England was the Tower Menagerie in London that began as early as 1204. It was established by King John, who reigned in England from 1199 to 1216 and is known to have held lions and bears. Henry III received a wedding gift in 1235 of three leopards from Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. The most spectacular arrivals in the early years were a white bear and an elephant, gifts from the kings of Norway and France in 1251 and in 1254 respectively. In 1264, the animals were moved to the Bulwark, which was renamed the Lion Tower, near the main western entrance of the Tower. This building was constituted by rows of cages with arched entrances, enclosed behind grilles. They were set in two storeys, and it appears that the animals used the upper cages during the day and were moved to the lower storey at night. The menagerie was opened to the public during the reign of Elizabeth I in the 16th century. During the 18th century, the price of admission was three half-pence, or the supply of a cat or dog to be fed to the lions. Animals recorded here at the end of the 18th century included lions, tigers, hyenas, and bears. Most of the animals were transferred in 1831 to the newly opened London Zoo at Regent's Park, which did not receive all the animals but rather shared them with Dublin Zoo. The Tower Menagerie was finally closed in 1835, on the orders of the Duke of Wellington. The Tower Menagerie in London can be considered to have been the royal menagerie of England for six centuries.

In the first half of the thirteenth century, Emperor Frederick II had three permanent menageries in Italy, at Melfi in Basilicata, at Lucera in Apulia and at Palermo in Sicily. In 1235, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II established at his court in southern Italy the "first great menagerie" in western Europe. An elephant, a white bear, a giraffe, a leopard, hyenas, lions, cheetahs, camels, and monkeys were all exhibited; but the emperor was particularly interested in birds, and studied them sufficiently to write a number of authoritative books on them.

In the beginning of the 15th century, a royal menagerie was established in the Royal Palace of Lisbon, located nearby the Castle of Saint George. Following the conquest of Ceuta in 1415, King John I of Portugal brought back to Lisbon two Barbary lions, and they were installed in a large room inside his Palace in the Citadel of Lisbon. This area of the palace came to be known as Casa dos Leões (the "Lions' House"); today the area is occupied by a famed restaurant with the same name. Later that century, German humanist Hieronymus Münzer spent five days in Lisbon in 1494, and learned about the lions, claiming to be the most beautiful wild beasts he had ever seen. Later on, the ménagerie of King Manuel I (1495-1521), inside the Ribeira Palace, in downtown Lisbon, was appreciated in Europe due to its huge elephants that the king ordered to be brought from India. One of his elephants, Hanno, as well as a rhinoceros depicted by Dürer were famous gifts to Pope Leo X. However, the rhinoceros drowned as a result of a shipwreck suffered during the transport trip to Italy.

By the end of the 15th century, the aristocracy of Renaissance Italy began to collect exotic animals at their residences on the outskirts of the cities. The role played by animals within the gardens of Italian villas expanded at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the seventeenth century, and one prominent example was the Villa Borghese built 1608–1628 in Rome.

Versailles and its legacy
During the seventeenth century, exotic birds and small animals provided diverting ornaments for the court of France; lions and other large animals were kept primarily to be brought out for staged fights. The collecting grew and attained more permanent lodgings in the 1660s, when Louis XIV constructed two new menageries: one at Vincennes, next to a palace on the eastern edge of Paris, and a more elaborate one, which became a model for menageries throughout Europe, at Versailles, the site of a royal hunting lodge two hours (by carriage) west of Paris.

Around 1661, he had a menagerie of "ferocious" beasts built at Vincennes for the organization of fights. Surrounding a rectangular courtyard, a two-storey building with balconies allowed spectators to view the scene. The animals were housed on the ground floor in cells bordering the courtyard, with small yards on the outside where they could take a bit of exercise. At Vincennes, lions, tigers, and leopards, as well as polecat, minks and weasels were kept in cages around an amphitheater where the king could entertain courtiers and visiting dignitaries with bloody battles. In 1682, for instance, the ambassador of Persia enjoyed the spectacle of a fight to the death between a royal tiger and an elephant.

When the palace of Versailles was built, Louis XIV of France also erected a menagerie within the palace's park. The menagerie at Versailles was to be something very different from the one at Vincennes. Most of it was constructed in 1664 when the first animals were introduced, although the interior fittings were not finished until 1668–70. Situated in the south-west of the park, it was Louis XIV's first major project at Versailles and one of several pleasure houses that were gradually assembled around the palace. It represented the first menagerie according to Baroque style. The prominent feature of Baroque menageries was the circular layout, in the middle of which stood a beautiful pavilion. Around this pavilion was a walking path and outside this path were the enclosures and cages. Each enclosure had a house or stable at the far end for the animals and was bounded on three sides with walls. There were bars only in the direction of the pavilion.

Animal fights were halted at Vincennes around 1700, the site fell into disuse, and the animals were installed at Versailles with the others. At about this time, the lions, leopards, and tigers from the menagerie at Vincennes were transferred to Versailles, where they were housed in newly built enclosures fronted with iron bars.

This particular enterprise marked a decisive step in the creation of menageries of curiosities and was imitated to some extent throughout Europe after the late seventeenth century. Monarchs, princes and important lords built them in France (Chantilly from 1663), England (Kew, Osterley), the United Provinces (Het Loo from 1748), Portugal (Belém in 1726, Queluz around 1780), Spain (Madrid in 1774) and Austria (Belvedere in 1716, Schönbrunn in 1752) as well in the Germanic lands following the ravages of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and the ensuing reconstruction. Frederick William, Elector of Prussia, equipped Potsdam with a menagerie around 1680. The Elector of the Palatinate, the Prince Regent of Westphalia and many others followed suit.

This design was adopted particularly by the Habsburg monarchy in Austria. In 1752 Francis I erected his famous Baroque menagerie in the park of Schönbrunn Palace near Vienna. Being at first a courtly menagerie with private character it was opened to the general public in 1779. Initially, it was only open for "respectably dressed persons".

Another aristocratic menagerie was founded in 1774 by Charles III of Spain on grounds which were part of the gardens of the Buen Retiro Palace in Madrid. During two centuries, it was a predecessor institution of the modern facilities of the Madrid Zoo Aquarium, moved in 1972 to the Casa de Campo.

In the nineteenth century the aristocratic menageries were displaced by the modern zoological gardens with their scientific and educational approach. The last menagerie in Europe was the Tiergarten Schönbrunn in Vienna, which was known officially as a "menagerie" until 1924, before evolving into a modern zoological garden with a scientific, educational and conservationist orientation. Due to its local continuity, the former menagerie established in the medieval through baroque tradition of private wild-animal collections of princes and kings, is often seen as the oldest remaining zoo in the world. Although many of the old Baroque enclosures have been changed, one can still obtain a good impression of the symmetrical ensemble of the formerly imperial menagerie.

Travelling menageries
In England travelling menageries had first appeared at around 1700. In contrast to the aristocratic menageries, these travelling animal collections were run by showmen who met the craving for sensation of the ordinary population. These animal shows ranged in size but the largest was George Wombwell's. The earliest record of a fatality at one such travelling menagerie was the death of Hannah Twynnoy in 1703 who was killed by a tiger in Malmesbury, Wiltshire. Also in North America travelling menageries became even more popular during that time.

The first exotic animal known to have been exhibited in America was a lion, in Boston in 1710, followed a year later in the same city by a camel. A sailor arrived in Philadelphia in August 1727 with another lion, which he exhibited in the city and surrounding towns for eight years. The first elephant was imported from India to America by a ship's captain, Jacob Crowninshield, in 1796. It was first displayed in New York City and travelled extensively up and down the East Coast. In 1834 James and William Howes’ New York Menagerie toured New England with an elephant, a rhinoceros, a camel, two tigers, a polar bear, and several parrots and monkeys.

America's touring menageries slowed to a crawl under the weight of the depression of the 1840s and then to a halt with the outbreak of the Civil War. Only one travelling menagerie of any size existed after the war: The Van Amburgh menagerie travelled the United States for nearly forty years. Unlike their European counterparts, America's menageries and circuses had combined as single travelling shows, with one ticket to see both. This increased the size and the diversity of their collections. Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus advertised their shows as the “World’s Greatest Menagerie”.

title: Menagerie


text:
Butmir culture

The Butmir culture was a major Neolithic culture in central Bosnia, developed along the shores of the river Bosna, spanning from Sarajevo to Zavidovići. It was discovered in 1893, at the site located in Butmir, in the vicinity of Ilidža, which gave its name to an entire cultural group of the Late Neolithic in central Bosnia, the Butmir culture. It is characterized by its unique elaborately decorated pottery and anthropomorphic Figurines, and is one of the best researched European cultures from 5100 to 4500 BC. It was part of the larger Danube civilization. The largest Butmir site is in Visoko basin, in Okolište.

History
The Butmir culture was discovered in 1893, when Austro-Hungarian authorities began construction on the agricultural college of the University of Sarajevo. Various traces of human settlement were found dating to the Neolithic period. Digs were begun immediately, and lasted until 1896.

The finds caused interest among archaeologists worldwide. They were largely responsible for the International Congress of Archaeology and Anthropology being held in Sarajevo in August 1894. The most impressive finds were the unique ceramics, which are now found in the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The culture disappeared during the Bronze Age.

Settlements

Main Butmir culture sites are: Butmir (Sarajevo), Kraljevine (Novi Šeher), Obre II (Kakanj), Nebo (Travnik), Crkvina (Turbe), Okolište, (Visoko), Brdo (Kiseljak)

According to radiocarbon analysis, life in these settlements existed between 5100 and 4500 BCE.

 * Butmir I, 5100 – 4900 BCE
 * Butmir II, 4850 – 4750 BCE (settlement in Butmir, results from 1979),
 * Butmir III, to 4500. BCE (Gimbutas, 1974, 16) (results from 2002).

The Butmir culture was the home for several large settlements, among them was the site of Okolište in Bosnia dating to 5200–4500 BC. with population estimates between 1,000 and 3,000 people. The settlement was largest in the early phase (5200 BC) with an area of 7.5 hectare, from there it gradually declined to reach the size of 1.2 hectare in 4500 BC. The site likely consisted of parallel rows of houses that ranged in size from four to ten meters in length. The site also likely had a series of ditches surrounding it with a single entrance.

The site of Okolište would likely have been an egalitarian society with no evidence of social stratification. Most animal remains found in Okolište belong to cattle, while a fair amount belonged to sheep, goats, and pigs. The diet of the Okoliste people consisted mainly of cattle, emmer, einkorn, and lentils. Although there was an importance of agriculture and animal husbandry, wild game was still hunted as a source of food.

Butmir is the oldest Neolithic site in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was discovered by Austro-Hungarian authorities during the construction of a school in district of Ilidža. The first field work was conducted between 1893 and 1896 by Vjenceslav Radimski and Franjo Fiala. This discovery was monumental, and sparked an international meeting of archaeologists and anthropologists in August 1894 in Sarajevo. Houses that were uncovered were in forms of dugouts (or semi-dugouts) and some above ground buildings. The largest number of dugouts was discovered in Butmir itself (90).

The site of Kraljevine in Novi Šeher was explored in 1906–1908, but the results have not been fully published. Excavations unveiled a large number of carved stone axes, which indicates a large workshop center, but there is almost no Neolithic architecture.

Obre near Kakanj was researched in 1963 to 1965, 1967 to 1968, and in 1970 when large systematic excavations were done in two close locations: Obre I (Raskršće) and Obre II (Gornje polje). Obre I belonged to Starcevo culture and Kakanj culture group, while Obre II completely belonged to Butmir culture.

The main supplement of this neolithic economy was agriculture and animal husbandry. Hunting was of less importance, but also part of daily life. Pottery produced by these people shows they possessed fine workmanship. Decorations are unique to Butmir culture and have many geometric motifs.

Dishes
In the Butmir II phase, the diversity increased significantly. Conical bowls were a standard form of this phase, but there is emergence of conical bowls with a slightly curved upper part. This phase is also represented by oval, semi-lapid and biconical bowl shapes with less curved and shorter cylindrical necks, vases with legs and shallow coarse bowls with a wavy-shaped rims. A special group is pear-shaped vases with a small opening.

The vast majority of ceramic products were simple, intended for storing food supplies, for holding water and for cooking. Only a small number are ceramics that represent a work of art. In terms of surface treatment and decoration of fine ceramic vessels, they can be divided into three groups:

 * 1) Ceramics with dark gray or black gloss finish
 * 2) Style with geometric motifs
 * 3) Style with decorative motifs

Sculptures
At Butmir sites, 72 human figures made of baked clay were found. They are made in such way so that one can easily identify some racial features. There are 3 main groups of found figures that showed racial characteristics of Negroid, Armenoid and European races. They are mainly female figures. Animal figures are very rare.

title: Butmir culture


text:
Wikipedia talk:Bots/Archive 3

Tolkien Timeline Bot
I can't help but notice (from hitting "Random page" over and over) that Wikipedia is chock full of information about Tolkien's universe, and that a bunch of it mirrors how Wikipedia treats the real universe. For example, just like there is a List of Danish monarchs, there is also a list of Kings of Gondor. And if you look at, say, the page of the Gondorian king Atanatar II, you'll see one of those "preceded by/followed by" boxes, just like on the page of Eric VI of Denmark. So clearly, these Tolkien fans have put quite a bit of effort into their corner of Wikipedia. Furthermore, many and quite possibly most of these Tolkien-related pages mention some year or years in the fictional timeline. So, although I'm not particularly into Tolkien myself, I wonder if people would like to have "Tolkien years" pages similar to the existing "real years" pages (and similarly, decades pages, centuries pages, et cetera, and potentially stuff like "Middle-earth leaders by year" to echo the real life "leaders by year" pages). Tolkien pages could then link to 2037 TA (i.e. "2037 Third Age"), for example, instead of just having it be plain text. If so, clearly a bot would be the way to go to build the base year/decade/century/etc. pages, which could then be populated by Tolkien fans at leisure. If people are interested, and there's not significant opposition, I might be willing to write such a bot (no promises yet). So, any interest or opposition? -Rwv37 06:33, May 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * Personally, I would think that there wouldn't be enough material to have individual year pages for Tolkien--hell, most of the real year pages are terrible (see 500-1300 for some prime examples). Honestly, more Tolkien isn't a huge priority for me, but I would support the idea if that's your thing.  Just make sure you don't create a bunch of pages with no possible content. Meelar 06:44, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I like this idea. -- pne 11:47, 17 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Bot to eliminate a lot of repetitive work on "List of encyclopedia topics"
List_of_encyclopedia_topics lists many, if not mostly, topics which should be redirects or diambig pages. Some are very obvious, such as all the counties. Other articles have been deemed so seldom worthy of entry to be siphoned off into another page (that is, the list of viruses.) Therefore, I'd like to write a script to do the following things:

 * 1) Remove viruses and worms from all the lists to be inserted into the list of viruses.
 * 2) Remove user-created non-redirect articles with content over some number of characters.
 * 3) Place all user-created redirects onto a page for scanning down by eye.  For all those that seem sensible, they'll also be removed.
 * 4) Compare every topic on the list with existing topics to determine if the names are different from current topics by the addition of words (the name of states or middle names in most cases).  This will create a long list of script-proposed topics and redirect/disambiguation that I could scan for sensibility.
 * 5) After scanning down the list, the script would make each disamb/redirect.
 * 6) Finally, these would be removed from the lists, but rather than remove them from the numbered pages entirely, they'll be placed under a heading for each page so that other users can scan them for sensibility.  The format would show both the old and redirected/disambiged links like "First Last -> First M. Last" and "Some County -> Some County, Texas & Some Country, Maryland"

I would try to make the script to edit each page on the list of topics once, but it would in all likelihood create thousands of redirect/disambig pages. The vast majority of these would be orphans. This has been discussed at Wikipedia talk:List of encyclopedia topics. Basically, if the orphans are kosher, I think a script should be made to eliminate the easy ones. If they're a bad idea, I think this should be made immediately clear. CHL 04:14, 14 May 2004 (UTC)

Sethbot
I'd like permission to run the bot us-states.py, written by Andre Engels, on the account User:Sethbot. Request has also been made on Requests for permissions. -- Seth Ilys 23:11, 15 May 2004 (UTC)

Just to clarify... What this bot is designed to do is to create redirects from "CityName, SN" to "CityName, State Name" so that, for instance, Santa Monica, CA points to Santa Monica, California, for all 30k Rambot articles, so that people can use the familiar US postal code abbreviations to locate the Rambot city articles. There are a couple sample redirects on the account User:Sethbot from when I tested the bot, so you can see exactly what it does. -- Seth Ilys 04:21, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

 * discussed with the above user on irc. seems good. Badanedwa 02:25, May 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure this is a good idea. I don't think the redirects the bot is going to make would be very useful, and I worry that they may encourage people to write the state abbreviations (which are meaningless for people like me who don't know them) in articles. --Camembert

 * One thing that the redirects will discourage, however, is the creation of articles about these locations using the abbreviations (which does happen from time to time). They'll also make it much easier for people who work on the Rambot articles extensively (like me) to navigate to them more quickly with the "Go" button. This seems to fall within the two criterion of "alternative spellings" and "abbreviations" described on redirects. Furthermore, common misspellings are generally considered appropriate candidates for redirects, because they aid accidental linking (which, again, is intended to avert the creation of duplicate articles). -- Seth Ilys 02:36, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Hrm, I know I'm in trouble when somebody uses against me the same sorts of arguments I normally use against others... OK, consider me won over to the idea. --Camembert

 * LOL. I approve of the Sethbot a) 'cos I agree with Seth's logic in the matter b) trust that Seth has the best interests of the Wikipedia at heart, including testing & superintending his bot and c) am a proponent of intelligent bot use ... I'd like to see Bot-based redirection fixing, for instance (leaving the anchor as is), so I guess I have an axe to grind. --Tagishsimon

If you plan on converting CA into a redirect to California or Canada replacing the list of multiple uses we currently have (see also Disambiguation and abbreviations ) I don't see the advantage .. If you just want to add redirects as suggested on Talk:ISO_3166-2 (end of page) this may help, but the issue raised at the beginning of the page may stil need to be resolved. -- User:Docu

 * Hmm, I just read User:Sethbot (it says "CityName, SN redirects to CityName, StateName"), ok .. if you want to. Not sure if it's really very useful, but it will definitely be more likely that people will be using them when writing. You may want to add a msg to the redirect (see MediaWiki_custom_messages ) -- User:Docu

 * Regardless, these redirects are entirely consistent with current redirect guidelines on Redirects. These are probably good candidates for <nowiki>R from abbreviation</nowiki>, or perhaps a new msg should be created for this purpose. The bottom line is that I want these redirects because 1) they make sense, and 2) they'd make jumping between rambot articles significantly faster. -- Seth Ilys 04:21, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

 * It's much clearer now that there is an explication. BTW I'd create a msg for specially for these redirects, e.g. -- User:Docu

I just wanted to add my thoughts here. The sethbot is great and all, but one must make sure what when redirecting from City, ST to City, State that the City, State article is not a disambiguation page. In the situation where there is more than one City in the same state with the same name, then that page should be a disambiguation page, not a redirect. I have the full database of all the names of the cities in my database and in the future was planning to do just this. Whatever sethbot misses I will take care of later, but I will also make sure that a redirect vs. a disambiguation page is used appropriately. --RM and rambot

 * I'm a bit confused: Why wouldn't we want Germantown, MD to point to Germantown, Maryland? The redirect would point to the disambigation page, and that still facilitates finding the relevant article. The Sethbot pulls the list of articles off of Special:Allpages, so it should catch any articles that end in ", StateName" -- Seth Ilys 16:46, 17 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Duh, I wasn't thinking. Good thing I didn't start the process myself! ;-)  The Allpages sounds great.  I guess I have no concerns then.  Please disregard what I said above.  Carry on.  Oh one more thing: Are you checking to make sure that the article you are redirecting to is also not a redirect?  We don't want double redirects.  Minor issue I suppose. -- Ram-Man 16:52, May 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * The bot is programmed so as not to create double redirects. -- Seth Ilys 22:50, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Actually, it is not. The code Seth is probably referring to, is code that checks whether the page to be created already exists. In this case it is of course not created, and the operator is given a notification; the notification is different depending on whether the page is a normal page, a redirect page redirecting to the thing we intend to let a redirect to or a redirect page to somewhere else. If wanted, I'll program this functionality in, should be a matter of minutes only. - Andre Engels 08:59, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Andre's right; I misread the code. I've asked him on his talkpage for an adjustment to the code. -- Seth Ilys 20:56, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

Probably a moot point by now, but I support this bot. anthony (see warning) 21:27, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Um, I do support this bot, but I actually think the two-letter state abbrviation should be lowercase--having it uppercase means (because of the odd mixed case) it won't be found by most users typing it in the search box, since they are likely to use all lower case (all lowercase also means it still gets found if they enter it the "right" way). I believe making them lowercase would also reduce (probably greatly) the 'using the abbreviation in articles' problem, as City, SN (which I believe is what most contributors would use in articles) would show as a red-link. Niteowlneils 22:39, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

AngBot
I don't know if this will ever be needed on the English Wikipedia, but in case it is, I would like to get a consensus on using it before it's actually needed. Angbot is a deletion bot using the PyWikipediaBot code (like the interlanguage-linking bots). The bot is only to be used in cases of mass page-creation vandalism. It was written in response to the recent situation at the Chinese Wikipedia where around 3000 pages needed to be deleted. The bot does not run autonomously. It simply makes the deletion process need one click instead of about four. I give it a list of pages to delete, it fetches those and displays each one to me in turn. I have to confirm whether I really want to delete the page. Is there any objection to running this on en if it's ever needed? It would not be used for normal deletion - only for very large cases of vandalism that would otherwise take hours to clear up. Angela. 17:33, May 19, 2004 (UTC)

Just for informational purposes, folks might also want to read meta:Vandalbot. BTW, Angela, sounds good. :) Is there a way to set things up so one of several trusted users can run such a bot as necessary on any Wikimedia wiki? They're all potential targets, after all... -- Seth Ilys 17:55, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

 * To run it, you'd need to install Python, get a copy of the PyWikipediaBot code from CVS, get the deletionbot code, and have your bot be given sysop access by a bureaucrat (and preferably bot status by a steward). However, the deletionbot code includes the following comment:

 * ''I would like to call on your responsibility in spreading this bot. Please do only give this out to trusted people. As a rule of thumb, only give it to people that you would trust enough to vote in favor of making them Stewards (or would not be in favor only for reasons unrelated to trust).

 * So far, the only people I am aware of that have it are Andre Engels (who wrote the code), Looxix, Rob Hooft, Shizhao, Brion Vibber and myself. Angela. 19:46, May 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * A copy now has been sent to Tim Starling as well, who put it on the server so that system developers can get it. Any reasonably trusted people can get the code if wanted. - Andre Engels 08:59, 20 May 2004 (UTC)

I oppose giving carte blanche authority to run this bot, especially as the source to it is not even public. If it is ever needed, then specific permission can be requested, but on en I'm not sure it ever will be, as a vandal would be caught and stopped long before creating 3000 pages. anthony (see warning) 21:33, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * The problem is that if is needed, it needs to run as soon as possible. I don't want to have to wait a week obtaining support here for it after the vandalism attack occurs. Angela. 17:19, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't see what the urgency would be, or what the problem would be with waiting a week. In any case, if it's really needed and no one objects, then it doesn't matter whether or not support was obtained here first anyway.  Just look at User:Template namespace initialisation script. anthony (see warning) 20:46, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * If there were thousands of insulting pages created, it surely would be urgent to delete them. The idea of putting this here before it is needed is to find out whether anyone does object rather than finding myself in an edit war over the page when it happens. Template namespace initialisation script was a script, not a bot. Angela. 02:30, 9 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * The page you link to says "This user is a bot". anthony (see warning)

Would you use it to delete the pages on User:Topbanana/Reports/Duplicate_article_title? I'd restore them afterwards, fixing the database problem. It's a bit slow to do this manually (see talk). -- User:Docu

 * No, the bot is for mass vandalism. I don't think it's appropriate for unnecessary maintenance like this. Angela. 17:43, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * Why "unnecessary"? It has a negative effect on features like Special:Shortpages. -- User:Docu

Downloading images
I'd like to use a robot to upload certain series of pictures available on en: to cy: (for example, pictures of all the Popes). Does the downloading-from-en: part count as something I should ask permission for here? Marnanel 04:50, May 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * No, you only need permission here if your bot would be editing. If it is just downloading from here, I think that all you need to do is follow our robots.txt. Angela. 05:17, 31 May 2004 (UTC)

D6
I'd like to run the pywikipediabot as D6. Would you mark it as a bot? -- User:Docu
 * As there were no objections for over a week, D6 is now marked as a bot. Angela. 23:24, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)

How fast can a human edit?
How fast can a human edit? One user seems to do sustained periods of editing at 3 to 4 edits a minute. Is this possible or an unauthorized bot? How fast do bots usually edit? Rmhermen 20:53, Jun 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * I edited at that rate when I was fixing messages. I don't think it's a problem, unless the user is making major edits. Guanaco 22:02, 29 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Guanabot
I would like to run the pywikipediabot as User:Guanabot to bypass redirects ( twentieth century –> twentieth century ), perform disambiguation, and update interwiki links. Guanaco 21:34, 1 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * As there were no objections for over a week, Guanabot is now marked as a bot. Angela. 23:24, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Please block Guanabot. Gunanaco said that it would stop editing Talk pages (it should really stop editing all pages outside the article namespace), but it is still doing it, and thus it is not functioning correctly. This should be fixed before it is allowed to continue. V V

Bypassing redirects is a bad idea. The redirect may become a valid article in the future. anthony (see warning)

It depends on the redirect. I don't plan on bypassing any redirects that have any hope of becoming useful articles. Guanaco 20:55, 14 Jul 2004 (UTC)

You've already done it with vegetarian. Furthermore, many of the links to vegetarian are not adequetely covered by vegetarianism in the first place. anthony (see warning)

 * I'm not sure what you mean. What would you put in a Vegetarian article that's not suitable for coverage in Vegetarianism? V V  21:41, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Guanaco, "Vegetarian" might not be the best example, but there are plenty of redirects that are not so similar. When you say "I don't plan on...", how are you making that decision? Does the bot have some sort of title-parsing logic built in, or are you deciding on each one (which seems unlikely since it's a bot)? Hob 15:05, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Due to the lack of support of this bot, I have removed its bot flag. When it is unblocked, its edits will be shown in recent changes so people can check more easily that it is doing what it is meant to do. Angela. 21:51, 15 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I am now running it on disambiguation pages with a 35 second delay. There is no reason to believe that this will cause problems, and there has been no objection to its use on disambiguation pages. If it makes a reasonable amount of edits without trouble, please reinstate its bot flag. Guanaco 00:29, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok. Angela. 19:47, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I would also like to use the pywikipediabot to help with categorization by more quickly moving pages between and adding pages to categories. This would make it easier to delete categories that don't follow the naming conventions and subcategorize mass listings such as the Pokémon characters. Guanaco 01:15, Jul 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * This is a good idea. If you create any custom scripts for this, or for bypassing redirects (which is very useful after page moves) please publish them as part of the pywikipediabot project (or elsewhere if this is too much hassle). Deco 22:32, 20 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Wclarkbot
I'd like to use various bot scripts under the account Wclarkbot. The first project I'd use a bot for would be to either move existing BC/AD pages to BCE/CE variants or else create BCE/CE redirects to the BC/AD pages (depending on the outcome of the discussion over at the Village Pump Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29).--Wclark 04:26, 2004 Jul 11 (UTC)

Actually... in looking through some of the dates pages, it seems that a good deal of maintenance is needed anyway. For example, some otherwise empty dates are redirects to their appropriate decade (which makes sense) but other date pages are simply missing. In addition to any BCE redirects (since that's the way it seems to be leaning) I would most likely use a bot to make sure all date pages exist or at least redirect to their appropriate decade.--Wclark 05:51, 2004 Jul 11 (UTC)

I strongly object to even making this change, let alone having a bot do it. 05:57, Jul 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * What change are you talking about? If you have a take on the BCE vs. BC issue, you can discuss it at the Village pump Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29.  As I already pointed out, it looks like there's not going to be any consensus on switching to BCE.  If you have an objection to creating redirects from 300 BCE to 300 BC (for example) I'd like to hear them.--Wclark 06:00, 2004 Jul 11 (UTC)

I also strongly disagree with this change on the grounds that BC/AD are more common designations. BCE can be used in academia, but wikipedia is for every user. Moreover, i frequently read books on ancient history (my neardy hobby) and i can tell that BC/AD is at least as common as the ACE notation. I am also astonished with the suggestion that BC (before Christ) might be offensive to non cristhians. This is to much of a radical change for one single user like Wclark (although certainly with good intentions) to make. I think this deserves at least a poll. Muriel G 17:31, 11 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * This is not the place to discuss the BC vs. BCE debate. You can do that on Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29 (moved from Village pump).  The question is whether anyone has any objections to a bot that EITHER renames BC pages to BCE versions (and creates appropriate redirects), OR creates BCE redirects to BC pages, depending on what type of consensus is reached (if any) in the other discussion.  The way things are looking now, I'd most likely be using a bot to create the redirects from BCE to BC pages.  If you have any objections to that then please raise them here, otherwise see the other discussion page.--Wclark 17:45, 2004 Jul 11 (UTC)

Since too many people are currently opposed to using BCE as the Wikipedia standard, I just went ahead and created all the remaining BCE -> BC redirect pages by hand (there were only a few hundred of them that needed to be done). So I don't need Wclarkbot to do this anymore. HOWEVER, there are plenty of pages that need to have 333 BCE style dates converted to 333 BCE (at least 500 of them, based on a very simple search). I'd like to use a bot to help me with some of that, and to check for other date formatting issues. Any objections to the modified proposal? --Wclark 05:38, 2004 Jul 12 (UTC)

 * For objections to the change 333 BCE to to 333 BCE see above (my post) and Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29. I would like to add that i dont think its proper to use this page to contour objections made to you in the cited link. (You dont need to SHOUT your opinions, i am not blind). Regards, Muriel G 13:31, 12 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't see any objections that apply. Your complaint seems to be with switching over the actual pages to the BCE convention and making the BC pages redirects.  I haven't done that, and never said I was going to do that unless that was the consensus decision.  Again, if you have a complaint with using BCE redirects to the BC pages (so that those who prefer the BCE convention can simply link dates as 333 BCE rather than having to do 333 BCE, and also to ease tracking of BCE usage) -- or with my using a bot to alter these links -- I'd like to hear them.  What I SHOUTED was not an opinion but a reiteration of my proposal (which most of those replying, including you, seemed to misunderstand).  I don't follow what you mean by "countour objections" so could you please elaborate (perhaps on my talk page if you think this is the wrong place for the discussion)? --Wclark 15:46, 2004 Jul 13 (UTC)

 * My own typo in the above reply made me realize you may have meant "counter objections" which I don't think I've done. Everything I've written on this page appears to me to be neutral with regards to using BCE or BC.  If you think the discussion on the two different pages (here and Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style_%28dates_and_numbers%29 needs to be merged and moved elsewhere, let me know and I'll do so).  --Wclark 15:55, 2004 Jul 13 (UTC)

RedWolf's Disambiguation bot
I would like to run a bot to perform disambiguation. The bot would run the "solve_disambiguation.py" script that is included with the pywikipediabot software available at SourceForge. The script requires human intervention in order to choose the appropriate disambiguating link. I'll create an account for it once I think of a name and there are no objections. RedWolf 21:36, Jul 11, 2004 (UTC)

I've created a bot account called CanisRufus. RedWolf 00:16, Aug 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * Now marked as a bot. Angela. 19:34, Sep 19, 2004 (UTC)

Deco's Disambiguation bot
Like RedWolf, I would also like to run a bot to perform disambiguation, also using the "solve_disambiguation.py" script included with pywikipediabot. I don't yet have an account for it. I may use it to perform other tedious tasks in the future, possibly including some custom tasks not included with pywikipediabot, at which point I will request permission for them. I have considered, for example, interactive spell-checking and checking for mislinks. As these tasks are all interactive, the bot would be naturally throttled in speed. Deco 03:32, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I have registered my bot, and it is boringly named DcoetzeeBot so that everyone knows it's mine. Deco 01:50, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Okay, it's been about a week, so I will commence with use of this bot for a short period before asking for a flag. Deco 01:33, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Okay, this bot seems to be working fine and hasn't received complaints. Could I have a bot flag on it? Also, out of curiousity, who has the authority to place bot flags? Deco 22:28, 20 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Now marked as a bot. Stewards can set bot flags. The best place to request this is at requests for permissions. Angela. 19:34, Sep 19, 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:Bots/Archive 3


text: Category:Watonwan County, Minnesota

title: Category:Watonwan County, Minnesota


text:
Nyord

Nyord is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, southeast of Zealand, just north of Møn island.

Nyord covers an area of approximately 5 km², although only 1.2 km² is cultivatable moraine, while the remaining 4 km² is salt-meadow which is used for summer grazing, but is flooded during the winter.

The island is reached by a narrow bridge from the larger island of Møn. The bridge was constructed in 1968 and replaced the post boat Røret which had been in service since 1902. The boat was not large enough for animals such as cattle or horses, which had to swim alongside the boat.

History
Traditionally the island has been self-sufficient, relying upon farming, fishing and piloting. Prior to 1769, the island belonged to the crown, but at this time crown lands were sold off, and the islanders purchased their own island for 3903 rigsdaler. The waters around the island are sufficiently treacherous that islanders could gain a livelihood as pilots, and this became enshrined in law as both a right and duty of the islanders between 1748 and 1879. After 1879, pilots were employed directly by the government instead of earning individual fees. A number of pilots houses and a lookout were constructed when the government took over the service. Piloting ceased in 1966.

The village of Nyord remains similar to its original design, with traditional thatched cottages and farm houses. It has a church, museum and small harbour. There is a restaurant Lolles Gård which is both a farm and a restaurant, there also is a village shop. The marshland area crossed by the bridge from the main island has one of Denmark's most important habitats for geese, ducks and other wading birds. There is an observation tower for birdwatchers to use.

title: Nyord


text:
Talk:Romance (music)

This article was rewritten and moved during the following discussion on Votes for deletion: Votes for deletion/Romance (composition)

Romance as a classical music form
I think I may have heard at one point that the classical Romanze was often constructed in ABA form, when the A is usually slow and B fast. The 2nd movement from Mozart's concerto as well as the Movement from Schumann's 4th symphony seem to follow that structure, which strengthens this notion.

Anyone know anything about that? 109.67.226.42 (talk) 10:12, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

confusing sentimental lyrics with the musical form

 * During the 18th and 19th centuries Russian composers developed the French variety of the romance as a sentimental category of Russian art song. "Ochi Chyornie" (black eyes) is a well-known example. Isn't this text confusing sentimental lyrics with the musical form of the Romance? It certainly seems so, unless the musical definition of romance can be brought to bear on this. Anyone? --Wetman 15:08, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Romance (music)


text:
Talk:Errare humanum est

From VfD:

Contains nothing but translations of a Latin phrase into other languages. RickK 06:17, Jul 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: I'm going to get really snippy. The phrase originates in English, in Alexander Pope's Essay on Man, and this is therefore a translation of English into Latin and then into all kinds of languages.  Grrrrr!  Know thy Pope. Geogre 12:56, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Gotta say it: To err is human, to delete divine. - UtherSRG 14:48, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to List of Latin phrases. Someone might type it in wanting to know what it means. Mark Richards 20:25, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - not a Latin phrase, Wikipedia is not a translation dictionary. -- Cyrius|✎ 00:46, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to list of latin phrases. No, wikipedia is not a latin dictionary, but of course we have to have articles on common phrases like this. --Lussmu 20:13, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to List of Latin phrases. Rossami 21:08, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Errare humanum est


text:
USS Trathen

USS Trathen (DD-530) was a World War II-era Fletcher-class destroyer in the service of the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946 and 1951 to 1965.

World War II
Trathen was named after Lieutenant Commander James Trathen, commander of USS Midnight (1861) during the American Civil War. She was laid down on 17 March 1942 at San Francisco, California, by the Bethlehem Steel Co.; launched on 22 October 1942; sponsored by Mrs. Cassin Young, wife of Captain Cassin Young who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his valor as commanding officer of Vestal (AR-4) during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor; and commissioned on 28 May 1943.

1943
Following training operations in the Hawaiian area, Trathen joined Rear Admiral Willis A. Lee's Task Force (TF) 11 to take part in the reoccupation of Baker Island. The target isle, a tiny elliptical speck of land, lay nearer to the Japanese-held northern Gilbert Islands than Funafuti in the Ellice group and presented a valuable staging area for projected aerial search and photo reconnaissance missions against the Japanese mandates. Lee, in Hercules (AK-41), led TF 11's sortie from Pearl Harbor on 25 August 1943, and his ships arrived off Baker on 1 September. While the transports and Ashland (LSD-1) disembarked their troops and disgorged their cargoes shoreward, Trathen stood by and provided fighter-direction services to the Grumman F6F Hellcats from Belleau Wood (CVL-24) and Princeton (CVL-23). During the action, the destroyer directed the F6F's to a radar contact 32 miles away. They soon came upon the snooping Kawanishi H8K (Allied identifier: "Emily") flying boat and dispatched her so fast that no radio report from the Japanese got out over the airwaves. Two days later, Trathen again vectored the Hellcats to another "Emily" which they also splashed into the sea.

With Baker secure and the priceless airfield constructed and ready for use by 11 September, Trathen headed for Hawaii. On 29 September, the ship commenced screening operations for Task Group (TG) 14.5, as it sortied from Pearl Harbor, bound for Wake Island. Under the command of Rear Admiral Alfred E. Montgomery, this fast carrier task force—the largest yet assembled—consisted of Essex (CV-9), Yorktown (CV-10), Lexington (CV-16), Cowpens (CVL-25), Independence (CVL-22), and Belleau Wood. On 5 and 6 October, Montgomery's planes made six strikes, flying 738 combat sorties while battleships and cruisers provided their heavy gunfire for further harassment of the Japanese-held island. Despite a cracked high-pressure turbine casing, Trathen retired with the task force back toward the Hawaiian Islands and arrived at Pearl Harbor on the 11th.

Temporary patching at Pearl Harbor permitted the destroyer to proceed to Bremerton, Washington, and permanent repairs at the Puget Sound Navy Yard. The ship sailed for the Hawaiian Islands on 21 November and reached Pearl Harbor six days later. Following training exercises with land-based aircraft off Oahu, Trathen's commanding officer was designated Commander, Task Unit (TU) 16.15.2, and his ship joined Martin (DE-30) and SS Mormacport. The ships sailed via Canton Island, Funafuti, and Tarawa to Makin Island where they arrived on 18 December. The next day, the destroyer sped 125 miles to the scene of a downed PBY Catalina, rescued the patrol bomber's crew, and returned to Makin on the 20th. On the return leg of the mission, the ship's radar picked up a formation of Japanese medium bombers bound for the Gilberts. Evidently attracted to bigger game, the bombers sped on. However, one which passed over the ship was taken under fire but apparently suffered no damage.

After pressing on to Abemama Island, Trathen and Le Hardy (DE-20) got underway on Christmas Day 1943 to escort SS Mormacport back to Hawaii. One day out, an "Emily" spotted the three-ship convoy but stayed tantalizingly out of reach of the Allied ships' guns. Detaching Le Hardy that evening, Trathen and Mormacport proceeded on to Hawaii and arrived at Pearl Harbor on New Year's Day 1944.

1944
Trathen conducted gunnery exercises in the Hawaiian area before departing Pearl Harbor on 23 January, bound for the Marshall Islands.

Entering Kwajalein lagoon on 2 February, Trathen relieved Schroeder (DD-501) off Kwajalein Island as a fire-support ship and shelled Japanese positions ashore until the fire control party could locate no further targets. On the 5th, Trathen joined McCord (DD-534) and cruisers Minneapolis (CA-36) and San Francisco (CA-38) off Gugegwe delivering support fire for the three battalions of marines, embarked in six LST's, as they swarmed ashore in LVT(A)s and 17 amphtrac vehicles, with 16 M4 Sherman tanks. At 0720, Trathen commenced fire with her main battery, sending 5-inch shells whistling shoreward. The destroyer and her consorts then stood by as the landing craft reached the beach.

Trathen continued to provide gunfire support until the Kwajalein operations ended on 7 February. The destroyer headed for Majuro on the 8th and arrived there the next day. On the 10th, Trathen returned to Kwajalein to conduct antisubmarine patrols.

Trathen next formed up with Indianapolis (CA-35) off Eniwetok. Based on an intelligence report that the island was unoccupied, the American warships carried out relatively light bombardment. In the meantime, analysis of papers captured at Kwajalein revealed that Eniwetok was, in fact, defended by tough, crack Japanese troops.

Too late for a radical change of plans, Indianapolis and near-sister Portland (CA-33), accompanied by Trathen and Hoel (DD-533), stationed themselves on the flanks of the LCI(G)'s, with waves of LVT's in the middle. Trathen screened the former cruiser while Hoel drew the latter, and the ships joined the gunboats (LCI(G)) in firing on the island.

Eniwetok soon fell to the mailed fist of American land and sea power. Trathen furnished fire support intermittently until the 29th of the month and thereafter remained at Eniwetok until 4 March when she headed for Majuro for a tender availability. Then, following exercises at Purvis Bay in the Solomon Islands and patrol duty between the Emirau and New Hanover Islands, Trathen subsequently joined the 7th Fleet on 3 May.

The destroyer departed Manus, in the Admiralty Islands, on 15 May in company with TF 74 and 75, bound for New Guinea waters. The target island, Wakde—occupied in 1942 by the Japanese—possessed an excellent airstrip and vital facilities which would be immensely useful to the Allies as they "island-hopped" closer to the Philippines and Japan. Arriving on the 17th, Trathen provided gunfire support for the force which landed on Wakde and later operated off the coast supporting the operation until the 25th, when the ship sailed for Biak Island.

The next target on the Navy's timetable, this island—the largest of the Schouten Islands group—lay fringed with coral reefs. The attack force scheduled to bombard the island arrived off the landing beaches 15 minutes ahead of schedule; and, at 0629 on the morning of 27 May, the 6-inch guns of cruisers Phoenix (CL-46), Boise (CL-47), and Nashville (CL-43) began lobbing the first of 1,000 rounds of shells shoreward, while the destroyers looked for "game" along the landing beaches—such as small Japanese patrol craft.

At 1100, four Japanese fighters made half-hearted passes over the airstrips on Biak. Two fighter-bombers came over late in the afternoon shortly thereafter followed by four twin-engined planes—three of which were destroyed by antiaircraft fire. The fourth was damaged. Trathen remained on patrol station off the Schoetens until 31 May, when she retired to Humboldt Bay to rejoin TF 75.

The Japanese' first reinforcement attempt towards Biak had been detected, and the Nipponese had turned back. On 3 June, as the enemy was retreating, TF 74 and 75 received orders to go after the fleeing Japanese. At 23:18 on 3 June, Trathen got underway with the other units of Destroyer Division (DesDiv) 48 and gave chase. The next day, 10 Japanese Aichi D3A "Val" dive bombers tried to pounce on the American force but were driven off. On the 5th, Japanese torpedo bombers attacked American forces, and one of them fell to Trathen's heavy antiaircraft fire.

Subsequently, the enemy launched a second effort aimed at reinforcing their beleaguered outpost on Biak. Six Japanese destroyers—three with troops embarked and three towing landing barges—joined cruisers Aoba and Kinu north of Misool Island, west of the "parrot beak" of New Guinea. The enemy force was under Rear Admiral Naomasa Sakonju in destroyer Shikinami. Proceeding towards Biak, the Japanese reinforcement group remained undetected until 10 B-25 Mitchells, escorted by P-38 Lightnings, spotted them and launched a devastating attack which sank Harusame and damaged three of her sister destroyers. Resuming the run to Biak once the planes had departed, the Japanese continued on an unknowing collision course with Vice Admiral V.A.C. Crutchley's cruisers and destroyers prowling between Biak and Hollandia.

Unaware of Sakonju's position, Crutchley decided to commence a sweep parallel to the coast of Biak. About 2200 on the night of 8 June, a PB4Y bomber on night patrol, detected the Nipponese force and reported five unidentified ships making 12 knots in the direction of Crutchley's cruisers and destroyers. Deploying for battle on a northerly course, the British Admiral ordered his ships to general quarters. The Japanese simultaneously detected the American's presence and turned to fire torpedo spreads before retiring.

Trathen, in DesDiv 48, followed astern of DesDivs 42 and 47, under orders from Crutchley to pursue the fleeing enemy. Then, while the two divisions charged ahead on the heels of the retreating Nipponese, Trathen and her division mates fell back on orders to screen Crutchley's cruisers.

The American force never caught up with the enemy and returned to Humboldt Bay on the following day. Trathen subsequently participated in the invasion of Noemfoor Island. Assigned to TG 77.2, the covering force, she conducted shore bombardment missions there on 2 July before retiring to Humboldt Bay. She later served in the covering forces during the landings at Cape Sansapor, New Guinea, on 30 July, laying smoke screens and patrolling 25 miles off shoreline to cover the invasion.

Recreation and availability at Sydney, Australia, from 13–20 August, provided Trathen's officers and men with a welcome respite from the toils of war. Heading back north after a week of Australian hospitality, the destroyer conducted exercises and drills in the vicinity of Purvis Bay in preparation for the Western Carolines Operation. On 6 September, she departed from Purvis Bay as part of TG 32.5. After screening the carriers as they launched devastating air strikes in support of the Palau invasion, the destroyer retired on 26 September to refuel and replenish depleted ammunition stocks in Kossol Passage.

With the dissolution of her task, the destroyer headed for Manus and arrived there on 2 October. Next assigned to TG 77.4, Trathen set her course towards Leyte Gulf in the Philippine Islands. Landings on Dinagat and Suluan Islands in the entrance to Leyte Gulf commenced on the 17th; and the destroyer stood by to provide antiaircraft and gunfire support. Three days later, three Japanese fighters roared low over the area which Trathen was guarding. Within minutes, the ship's gunners splashed their second plane of the war; and the destroyer even managed to capture the aircraft's pilot whom they transferred to carrier Sangamon (CVE-26).

Again on the 24th, Japanese aircraft harassed the ships of the invasion force, and the alert combat air patrol (CAP) downed two more of the enemy. Trathen retired to Manus early in November but returned to Leyte Gulf on the 16th for patrols in Surigao Strait. Relieving Sigourney (DD-643) on the 19th, Trathen remained in the Philippines until the 23d when she headed to the Western Carolines. After sinking a medium barge with 5-inch and 40-millimeter fire en route, she reached Ulithi on 25 November.

Exercises off Ulithi occupied the ship from 30 November to 29 December before Trathen joined TG 38.2 on 5 January 1945. She served as plane guard and screening vessel for this group and TG 38.5 through the end of the month. The former group participated in preinvasion strikes on the island of Luzon before turning to the South China Sea for a series of strikes on Japanese-held Taiwan from 9 to 11 January. The French Indochina coast next received its share of attention, with Japanese shipping and coastal installations feeling the might of the American naval air arm. Then, moving northward against virtually no opposition from Japanese planes or ships, the task group aircraft bombed Hong Kong and Hainan Island. Monsoon and typhoon-type winds and seas buffeted the group on the 17th and 18th, with Trathen's inclinometer registering a staggering 67 degrees from the vertical at the height of the storm.

1945
After leaving the South China Sea through the Balintang Channel, Trathen and her mates participated in more strikes against Taiwan and in raids on Sakishima Gunto which served Japan as a staging area for the kamikazes. In the course of her plane-guarding duties, Trathen steamed astern of Hancock (CV-19) on 21 January and witnessed the detonation of a Grumman TBF Avenger as it landed hard on the flight deck. One man was blown overboard by the explosion, but Trathen soon fished him from the water.

Following the strikes on Okinawa, Trathen got underway from Ulithi on 10 February to support carrier operations between Iwo Jima and the Japanese home islands. Six days later, TF 58 commenced the first strikes against Tokyo launched from 150 miles south east of the Imperial city. After a night retirement, the group conducted further strikes the next day. With the landings at Iwo Jima, Trathen arrived in the vicinity on the 20th and screened the carriers as they conducted air strikes for the next four days supporting the American marines fighting for that fanatically defended island.

The force swept north with Trathen in its screen and arrived at a point off Tokyo at dawn on the 25th to launch strikes to hit the Japanese capital again. That night, the carriers steamed in the direction of Nagoya, but heavy weather cancelled the strikes scheduled to be launched against that industrial city on the 26th. While in Japanese waters, Trathen and her division mates sighted a number of floating mines. The destroyer herself sank one with gun fire on 27 February.

Following availability at Ulithi, Trathen returned to the "front lines" on 14 March, rendezvousing with TG 58.4 in preparations for air strikes on the Japanese home islands and on Okinawa. Temporarily detached to pick up a downed pilot, the destroyer rejoined the group as it plowed on towards Japan. She later sank several more floating mines while screening the carriers against air attacks. Slashing through CAP and antiaircraft fire, some kamikazes managed to crash into their targets and give their lives for the Emperor. Antiaircraft fire from Trathen's group accounted for five of the winged marauders, but one hit Intrepid (CV-11) on 18 March.

Nine days later, Trathen, in company with battle cruisers Guam (CB-2) and Alaska (CB-1), cruisers Flint (CL-97) and San Diego (CL-53) and four other destroyers left the carriers to bombard Minamidaitōjima. All ships shelled the target area with impunity. The battlecruisers, light cruisers, and destroyers rejoined the carriers on 28 March and resumed their screening duties.

In the months that followed, American forces—aided by the small British Far East Fleet—continued hammering at the Japanese homeland with air strikes and bombardments by surface ships. On 11 April, still attached to TF 58, Trathen hammered away at attacking Japanese planes with her antiaircraft batteries. During the third raid that day, a 5-inch shell from a "friendly" ship hit the destroyer near her number five 5-inch mount handling room. It killed three men, wounded 21, and rendered the after mount inoperative.

Tender availability soon made good the damage, and Trathen returned to the Fleet. Departing Ulithi on 3 May, she rejoined TF 58 on the 5th near Okinawa. Six days later, Bunker Hill (CV-17), flagship of TF 58, was hit by a kamikaze. Another Japanese pilot, with similar intentions for Trathen, dived toward the destroyer. While the ship's guns hammered at the suicide plane, help came from the air. A "friendly" fighter, braving the antiaircraft fire from his own ships, also attacked the kamikaze which crashed into the sea off Trathen's port bow.

Anchoring in Ulithi lagoon for a needed rest, Trathen got underway again 10 days later and sortied with TG 58.4 to screen the carrier.

On 4 June, air operations were cancelled as the barometer began to plummet. The storm center of a typhoon passed some 70 miles to the southeast, and the ships in company with Trathen emerged unscathed from the fringes of the storm. On 6 June, while carrying out plane-guard duties, the destroyer rescued the two-man crew of a downed SB2C Helldiver. She recovered both men, but the pilot was dead when he was brought on board.

These operations proved to be Trathen's last of World War II, for she soon departed Leyte to begin the long voyage back to the United States. After a stop at Pearl Harbor, Trathen arrived at Seattle, Washington, on 9 July 1945, for an overhaul at the Todd Shipbuilding Co. While the destroyer was in the shipyard, the war in the Pacific ended. Upon completion of the refit, the ship sailed for San Diego on 29 September and arrived there on 2 October. On 18 January 1946, Trathen was decommissioned and berthed with the San Diego Group, Pacific Reserve Fleet.

Post-World War II
When North Korean forces swept southward across the 38th parallel on 25 June 1950, the United States soon came to the aid of the embattled South Koreans. Called out of reserve service on 14 June 1951, Trathen was recommissioned on 1 August. As flagship of Destroyer Squadron (DesRon) 28, the ship was transferred to the Atlantic Fleet on 5 October, based at Norfolk, Virginia, and operated off the east coast and in the Caribbean through the end of 1952.

Subsequently ordered to the Far East, Trathen arrived at Sasebo, Japan, on 12 February 1953. During her Korean deployment, Trathen's main and secondary batteries pounded railroad lines, trains, bunkers, and transformer stations. On 11 March, the destroyer joined the "Train Buster Club" when she destroyed a railroad train. Two days later, after the ship completed her patrols between Wonsan and Hungnam, she was relieved on station to return to Sasebo for repairs. Later becoming a part of TF 77, Trathen continued on duty until 7 June. She departed Sasebo on the following day, bound for Hong Kong.

Returning to the United States via Southeast Asia and the Mediterranean, Trathen operated with the Atlantic Fleet until January 1955, when she was transferred back to the Pacific Fleet and subsequently deployed to the Western Pacific (WestPac). On 21 April, Trathen departed Long Beach, California to begin successive WestPac deployments which would last through 1964, interspersed with tours of duty on the west coast. When in the Orient, she followed a varied itinerary visiting such ports as Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Hong Kong; Sasebo and Yokosuka, Japan; as well as Pearl Harbor, Guam, Midway, and Subic Bay. During this period, she took part in antisubmarine, antiaircraft, and other exercises; served as plane guard when operating with fast carrier forces, and patrolled the Taiwan Strait as part of American forces protecting that island.

While Trathen was at Kaohsiung during her last deployment to WestPac, word arrived early in August of the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. Getting underway shortly thereafter, Trathen operated at sea throughout the remainder of the month but for brief replenishments at Kaohsiung. Relieved on station, Trathen sailed for Hong Kong to serve as station ship before traveling to the South China Sea to support naval operations off the coast of the Republic of Vietnam. On 8 October 1964, the destroyer departed for eastern waters and proceeded via Guam and Midway to the west coast.

Fate
After arriving at Long Beach on 28 October, the destroyer conducted routine carrier operations off the west coast. On 12 February 1965, Trathen reported to the Commander, San Diego Group, Pacific Reserve Fleet, to begin her second inactivation period at the Todd Shipyard, San Pedro, California. On 15 March, she made her final voyage at the end of a towline. Brought to San Diego, she completed the process of deactivation and was decommissioned on 11 May 1965 and placed in reserve. A survey of the ship conducted in June 1972 reported that the costs of modernization to Trathen would be disproportionate to the value of the ship. Accordingly, Trathen was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 November 1972 and scrapped.

Honors
Trathen received eight battle stars for World War II service and two for Korean War service.

title: USS Trathen


text:
Lino Oviedo

Lino César Oviedo Silva (23 September 1943 – 2 February 2013) was a Paraguayan army officer and politician, who was the leader of the National Union of Ethical Citizens, which split from the Colorado Party in 2002.

Early career
Oviedo was born in poverty in the town of Juan de Mena (Cordillera Department) on September 23, 1943. He chose a military career, studied in Germany and eventually became a close aide to General Andrés Rodríguez. He was named chief of the Army in 1993. When President Juan Carlos Wasmosy asked him to step down from that position in April 1996, he allegedly refused and attempted a coup d'etat. After days of tension, Wasmosy offered him the Defence Ministry instead, but when Oviedo went to the presidential palace to take the oath, dressed in civilian clothes, the President, backed by popular demonstrations, withdrew the offer.

Ousted from the military, he concentrated in winning the ruling Colorado Party's candidacy for the 1998 presidential elections, and succeeded by presenting a populist platform through his great rhetorical skills. A month before the national elections, and while leading the polls, he was finally condemned to a ten-year prison term for his 1996 military mutiny. His running mate Raúl Cubas continued the campaign and eventually won the elections, largely based on the promise to free Oviedo, which in fact he did days after taking office, over the protest of the Paraguayan Supreme Court and opposition leaders.

In March 1999, vice president Luis María Argaña, a key political enemy of both Oviedo and President Cubas, was assassinated. In the midst of riots and political turmoil known as Marzo paraguayo ("Paraguayan March"), Cubas resigned, abandoning Oviedo, who fled into exile, first in Argentina and then in Brazil.

Imprisonment and release (2004-2007)
On June 28, 2004, he returned to Paraguay and was detained by the police, who took him to the Military Prison of Viñas Cué, located a short distance from Asunción. Initially sentenced to a ten-year term, he was released on parole for good behavior on 6 September 2007.

In November 2006, a Paraguayan man, Tomás Velázquez, held a hunger strike before he crucified himself publicly as a protest in Asunción. He maintained that Oviedo was the target of political persecution and that the military tribunal that convicted him for his alleged participation in a subversive plot was illegal according to the constitution, as it had been conducted in time of peace.

On 30 October 2007, Oviedo's conviction was overturned by the Supreme Court in an eight to one decision following testimony from former officers that there had been no coup attempt. The ruling left Oviedo free to run in the April 2008 presidential election.

Later political career
In January 2008 he was nominated as the candidate of his party, the National Union of Ethical Citizens (UNACE), without opposition. He lost the 2008 Paraguayan presidential election, to Fernando Lugo getting 22.8% of votes.

Lino Oviedo's similarly-named nephew, Lino César Oviedo Sánchez, has been a member of the Senate of Paraguay for UNACE since 2008.

Death
On the night of 2 February 2013, Lino Cesar Oviedo died in a helicopter accident near Puerto Antequera, in the Chaco region. He was flying back to Asunción after an electoral rally held in the city of Concepción. His death was confirmed the following day by a national police rescue team.

title: Lino Oviedo


text:
Gaoyao, Zhaoqing

Gaoyao, alternately romanized as Koyiu, is an urban district of Zhaoqing in western Guangdong, China. Population: 706,000.

Name
Gaoyao—literally "high-&-wanting"—is a former name of the Lingyang Gorge on the Xi River. It was originally the name of the surrounding land but came to be used for the area's seat of government. Gaoyao is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese name, based on its Mandarin pronunciation; the former Chinese Postal Map spelling was based on the local Cantonese pronunciation of the same name. Gaoyao has also sometimes been romanized as KaouYaou.

Geography
Gaoyao is located on the southern bank of the Xi River, opposite central Zhaoqing. Both are about 100 km away from Guangzhou, the provincial capital.

History
Gaoyao was a county of the Qin and Han and its eponymous county seat was the principal settlement of the area. Under the Sui, the administration relocated across the river to Duanzhou, which was renamed Zhaoqing under the Song. Gaoyao continued as a separate county in Zhaoqing Commandery. It was promoted to a county-level city in 1993 and later to urban district status.

Tourism
Places of interest include the Red Mansion and Gaoyao Xuegong Pavilion. There are also 3 pagodas that can be seen in Gaoyao.

Administrative divisions
Gaoyao has jurisdiction over one subdistrict and several towns:

Miscellaneous

 * Gaoyao is closely connected with the Duanzhou District of Zhaoqing City, geographically as well as culturally. The two urban districts are connected by two road bridges and a railway bridge.
 * Gaoyao is also a known hometown for many Overseas Chinese. There is a large community from Gaoyao in Sydney, Australia.

some notable figures:

 * Liang Han Chao (梁寒操): historian, educator, and also founder of Kwangtung cultural and history periodical.

 * Herbert Chow Ciu Lung (周小龍): founder of chickeeduck clothing, also a Hong Kong social activist.

 * Joshua Wong Chi-fung (黃之鋒): Hong Kong male politician

 * Fong Lai Ying (方麗盈): Hong Kong experienced female singer

title: Gaoyao, Zhaoqing


text:
Talk:Uniform Rights of the Terminally Ill Act

This
This article has the (U.S.) disambiguation because of the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act (Australia). The wording is not identical, but is close enough to warrant the disambig. --Benc 06:24, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Discussion about the title of this article and its recent change can be found at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (acronyms). Feel free to contribute. -- hike395 16:36, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

172.148.36.176 05:36, 11 February 2007 (UTC)


text:
User talk:192.18.42.10

Proposed deletion of The Sheep Fiends

The article The Sheep Fiends has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * can't find coverage in reliable sources, does not seem to pass our criteria at WP:BAND.

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Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. doom gaze  (talk)  15:15, 27 May 2011 (UTC)

Lead (music) listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Lead (music). Since you had some involvement with the Lead (music) redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Steel1943 (talk) 19:48, 12 April 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:192.18.42.10