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California State Route 82

State Route 82 (SR 82) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs from Interstate 880 (I-880) in San Jose to I-280 in San Francisco following the San Francisco Peninsula. It is the spinal arterial road of the peninsula and runs parallel to the nearby Caltrain line along much of the route. For much of its length, the highway is named El Camino Real and formed part of the historic El Camino Real mission trail. It passes through and near the historic downtowns of many Peninsula cities, including Burlingame, San Mateo, Redwood City, Menlo Park, Palo Alto, Mountain View, Sunnyvale, and Santa Clara, and through some of the most walkable and transit-oriented neighborhoods in the region.

Route description
At its south end SR 82 starts as The Alameda at I-880 in San Jose. Once it enters Santa Clara, it bends north-east around Santa Clara University and onto El Camino Real, where it continues for the remainder of its trip up the San Francisco Peninsula, paralleling the Caltrain corridor. SR 82, generally called "El Camino" by local residents, runs through a number of cities on the Peninsula, including Palo Alto (passing by Stanford University), San Carlos, San Mateo, Burlingame, and Millbrae, and it is a central artery of the Peninsula communities through which it passes.

In Daly City, SR 82 becomes Mission Street, connecting with San Francisco's Mission Street, but then quickly flows onto San Jose Avenue, crossing Alemany Boulevard, and terminating at I-280.

SR 82 takes an inland course paralleling US 101. The entire route is at street level with at least four lanes of traffic; no portions of it exist as a freeway, although the route is occasionally a divided highway. The Bayshore Freeway and I-280 tend to provide faster alternatives than Route 82 even during traffic jams on those freeways.

From 1964 to 1968, SR 82 continued past its current end north on Alemany Boulevard to Bayshore Boulevard in San Francisco (see below).

Prior to 2013, SR 82 continued past its current south end on The Alameda, becoming Santa Clara Street in Downtown San Jose then turning south on Montgomery Street (southbound) / Autumn Street (northbound); then it turned east on San Carlos Street It turned south on Market Street, which becomes First Street and then Monterey Highway. It followed Monterey Highway until it turned east briefly on Blossom Hill Road, where it ended at US 101. This relinquished segment south of I-880 within San Jose is legally no longer a state highway, but the state's Streets and Highways Code mandates that the City of San Jose is still required to maintain "signs directing motorists to the continuation of Route 82" and "ensure the continuity of traffic flow" on this segment. Signs along US 101, I-280, and SR 87 where these relinquished segments intersect still have SR 82 shields. Though as of 2017, certain signs with SR 82 shields have been removed along US 101 near Blossom Hill Road and Capitol Expressway.

SR 82 is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.

History
Originally a segment of US 101 (and before that, the historic El Camino Real), the highway became completely inadequate for the needs of traffic with the rapid growth of the San Francisco Bay Area after World War II, including urbanization of the towns along its path. The Bayshore Highway to the east was originally built as "Bypass (BYP) US 101" and was upgraded to a freeway in 1937. With this upgrade, the original US 101 route was transferred to the Bayshore Freeway, and El Camino Real became US 101 BYP, but in response to protests, the switch in designations was reversed two years later, in 1939, and the Bayshore Freeway remained US 101 BYP until 1964.

In 1964, US 101 was moved again onto the Bayshore Freeway, and its former alignment on El Camino Real became SR 82. It was defined as two portions: From Route (US) 101 near Ford Road south of San Jose to Route (US) 101 in San Francisco (which today corresponds to the Alemany Maze), and from Route (US) 101 near Alemany Boulevard to Route (SR) 87 (current unconstructed SR 230) in San Francisco. In 1968, the portions from I-280 (at current SR 82) to US 101 and from SR 101 to SR 87 were transferred to I-280. SR 87 was then deleted north of SR 237 in 1980, and is only constructed south of US 101, and SR 82 today is designated as part of El Camino Real.

In 2013, SR 82 was relinquished south of I-880 through San Jose. However, the state's Streets and Highways Code states that the City of San Jose is still required to "ensure the continuity of traffic flow on the relinquished former portion of Route 82" along The Alameda into downtown San Jose, and from there along Monterey Road to its former terminus at Blossom Hill Road and US 101. The city also has the further option to apply to make this segment a business route.

Grand Boulevard Initiative
The Grand Boulevard Initiative is a partnership of nineteen Bay Area transit agencies and municipalities that operate or manage various portions of the route. Although El Camino Real is ultimately under the stewardship of Caltrans, the organization nevertheless sponsors aesthetic and infrastructural improvements along the corridor and its neighboring parcels in order to revitalize the streetscape and promote density and more walkable and transit-oriented development.

title: California State Route 82


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Ed Wasser

Ed Wasser (born March 26, 1964) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Mr. Morden in Babylon 5.

Biography
Wasser was born in Roslyn Heights, New York on March 26, 1964. He obtained a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from the State University of New York, SUNY Purchase Conservatory. After college he started his own business called Ad Skates, Inc., while continuing acting classes at the Michael Howard Studios.

Acting
He is best known for his portrayal of Mr. Morden in 14 episodes of the US science fiction television series Babylon 5. He also appeared in the pilot telefilm of the series, but as a different character ("Guerra", part of the operations staff in the Babylon 5 Observation Dome).

Wasser has appeared in numerous television series including Quantum Leap, Law & Order, Murder, She Wrote, NYPD Blue, and 24.

He appears in the 1995 film The Set-Up.

Voicework
In 2009, he voiced a robot (IR-2) in the NASA animated short "Robot Astronomy Talk Show: Gravity and the Great Attractor," part of the web-series IRrelevant Astronomy produced by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope.

Construction
Mainly retired from acting, Wasser founded a construction company called Waterstone Construction and works as a general contractor.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ed Wasser


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Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence

Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence is the sixth studio album by American progressive metal band Dream Theater, released as a double-disc album on January 29, 2002, through Elektra Records. It is the first full-length Dream Theater album to feature a title track. It is also their second longest studio album to date, after The Astonishing (2016).

Songs

 * The first track of the album, "The Glass Prison", is the beginning of the Twelve-step Suite, dealing with Mike Portnoy's story of rehabilitation from alcoholism, continued in tracks on subsequent albums ("This Dying Soul" on Train of Thought, "The Root of All Evil" on Octavarium, "Repentance" on Systematic Chaos and "The Shattered Fortress" on Black Clouds & Silver Linings). "The Glass Prison" is composed of three parts, mirroring the first three of the twelve steps of the AA program by Bill W. for rehabilitation of alcoholics. Furthermore, it begins with the static phonograph noise that ended "Finally Free" on Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes from a Memory (1999).
 * "Blind Faith" features lyrics written by James LaBrie about questioning religious belief. It is the second longest song for which LaBrie has contributed lyrics to date, the longest being "Sacrificed Sons" from Octavarium. It was also the first time he had written lyrics for more than one song on an album. The next time would also be on Octavarium.
 * In the song "Misunderstood", John Petrucci wrote and played the guitar solo, and then reversed it. He then learned how to play this reversed version, and he tries to mimic the reversed version live with effects. This track is in its shorter radio edit form on the cassette edition.
 * "The Great Debate" is intended to be a non-partisan song dealing with the topic of stem-cell research. It was originally titled "Conflict at Ground Zero" based on the lyrics in the chorus but was changed at the last minute as news reports started to refer to the site of the 9/11 terrorist attack in New York City as "Ground Zero". The band was actually in a Manhattan studio conducting final mixes of the album on the day in question.
 * Lyrics for the song "Disappear" were written by James LaBrie about the subject of death; it was originally titled "Move On". This track is omitted entirely from the cassette edition.
 * The sixth song, "Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence", which makes up the entire second CD (albeit split into eight separate tracks), is the longest song Dream Theater have recorded to date. While recording, they wanted to keep the song at 20 minutes, but more and more ideas came which resulted in the length doubling. Realizing that they would have to cut "Disappear" and "Misunderstood" to keep the album at one CD, their record label was now open for the idea of a double album, something the band had previously been denied when recording Images and Words and Falling into Infinity. Despite this, the cassette edition reduced "Misunderstood" to its radio edit version and omitted "Disappear" entirely.
 * The last chord of "Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence" is used to open "As I Am" on the next album Train of Thought, continuing a chain which ended with Octavarium.

Influences
Influences for the album's writing and recording, according to the authors, include:

 * U2, Achtung Baby
 * Alice in Chains, Dirt
 * Béla Bartók
 * Galactic Cowboys, Space in Your Face
 * Kevin Gilbert,Thud
 * King's X, Faith Hope Love
 * Maria Tipo, Chopin Nocturnes.
 * Megadeth, Rust in Peace
 * Metallica, Master of Puppets
 * Nine Inch Nails, The Downward Spiral
 * Pantera, Far Beyond Driven
 * (and the song "Mouth for War")
 * Radiohead, OK Computer
 * (and also a Radiohead bootleg Portnoy brought in)
 * Rage Against the Machine, The Battle of Los Angeles
 * Soundgarden, Superunknown
 * Tool's Ænima

Dream Theater

 * James LaBrie – lead vocals
 * John Petrucci – guitars, backing vocals
 * Jordan Rudess – keyboards
 * John Myung – bass
 * Mike Portnoy – drums, backing vocals, co-lead vocals (on "The Glass Prison")

Additional personnel

 * Howard Portnoy – gong drum (on "The Great Debate")

Production

 * John Petrucci – producer
 * Mike Portnoy – producer
 * Doug Oberkircher − engineering
 * J.P. Sheganowski – engineering assistance
 * Kevin Shirley – mixing
 * Claudius Mittendorfer – mixing assistance
 * George Marino – mastering
 * Eugene "UE" Natasi – mastering assistance
 * Dung Hoang – cover art illustration
 * Ken Schles – photography
 * May Redding – stylist (photography)
 * JMatic – art direction

title: Six Degrees of Inner Turbulence


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Arai

Arai may refer to:

Places

 * Arain, Armenia
 * Arai, Niigata, Japan
 * Arai, Shizuoka, Japan

People

 * Arai (surname)

Companies

 * Arai Helmet (アライ), a Japanese motorcycle helmet manufacturer
 * ARAI (Automotive Research Association of India), an R&D, Certification & Regulatory body in India.

Organisations

 * Archives and Records Association, Ireland

title: Arai


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Dalton School

The Dalton School, originally the Children's University School, is a private, coeducational college preparatory school in New York City and a member of both the Ivy Preparatory School League and the New York Interschool. The school is located in four buildings within the Upper East Side of Manhattan. In the 2023–24 academic year, tuition rates totaled $61,120.

History

The Dalton School, originally called the Children's University School, was founded by Helen Parkhurst in 1919. After experimentation in her own one-room school with Maria Montessori, Parkhurst visited other progressive schools in Europe including Bedales School and its founder and headmaster John Haden Badley in England. She developed what she called the Dalton Plan, which encouraged teachers and students to work together toward individualized goals. The Laboratory Plan was first put into effect as an experiment in the high school of Dalton, Massachusetts, in 1916. The estate of her benefactor Josephine Porter Boardman, was also near the town of Dalton and from this beginning the Laboratory Plan and school eventually took their names.

In 1919, Helen Parkhurst relocated to New York City, where she opened her first school on West 74th Street. Larger facilities soon became necessary; the Lower School was moved to West 72nd Street, and the High School opened in the autumn of 1929 in the current building at 108 East 89th Street. Eleanor Roosevelt admired the work of Helen Parkhurst and played an important role in expanding the population and resources of the school by promoting a merger between the Todhunter School for girls (founded by Winifred Todhunter) and Dalton in 1939.

Enlarged and modified through the years, Dalton still celebrates many traditions like lighting candles before winter break and holding a Greek Festival. Academically, the school still subscribes to the Dalton Plan, which Parkhurst helped to create. Over the years, the Dalton Plan has been adopted by schools around the world, including schools in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Chile, the Czech Republic, Hong Kong, Japan, and the Netherlands.

Admission
As of early 2013, the overall acceptance rate for grades K–12 at Dalton was reported by Peterson's to be 14%. Parental anxiety created by the highly competitive admission process was the subject of press coverage from 1999 to 2001. Long seen as a bastion of privilege, Dalton's efforts to broaden its mandate for diversity have met with some difficulty. In 2010, a financial aid budget of $6.5 million supported an outreach program for socio-economic diversity at the school. As of 2008 students of color made up 38% of the Dalton First Program. In the 2008–2009 school year, the kindergarten was composed of 44% children of color. Articles in The New York Times and The Atlantic have described difficulties experienced by some African-American children at the school.

American Promise was a PBS documentary that followed two African American students who enrolled at Dalton as kindergartners and the challenges they faced due to Dalton's lack of diversity. In 2020, Dalton found itself in controversy during the broader diversity, equity, and inclusion movement that followed the murder of George Floyd. The discussions continued into the following school year and resulted in the departure of school head Jim Best.

Notable people

 * Alumni
 * Ronnie Abrams, US judge
 * Dan Barber, chef
 * Antony Blinken, current U.S. Secretary of State
 * Montgomery Clift, actor
 * Anderson Cooper, journalist
 * Rachel Covey, actress
 * Claire Danes, actress
 * Edgar de Evia, photographer
 * Samuel R. Delany, writer
 * Blu DeTiger, musician
 * Maxim Dlugy, chess grandmaster
 * Shaun Donovan, former U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and Director of the Office of Management and Budget
 * Edward Downes, musicologist and radio quizmaster
 * Naomi Ekperigin, writer and comedian
 * Noah Emmerich, actor
 * Mark Feuerstein, actor
 * Frances FitzGerald, journalist
 * Barrett Foa, actor
 * Helen Frankenthaler, painter
 * Laura Geller, rabbi
 * Alexis Glick, television personality
 * Sam Gold, theater artist
 * Carol Grace, actress
 * Jennifer Grey, actress
 * Vanessa Grigoriadis, journalist
 * Jefferson Y. Han, research scientist
 * Hannah Higgins, writer
 * Marni Hodgkin, editor
 * A. J. Jacobs, journalist
 * Jason Jorjani, writer
 * Max Joseph, filmmaker
 * Joshua Katz, classicist
 * Brooks Kerr, jazz pianist
 * Rachel Kovner, United States federal judge
 * Dylan Lauren, businesswoman
 * Clyde Lawrence, musician
 * Gracie Lawrence, musician
 * Steve Lemme, actor
 * Sean Lennon, musician
 * Andrew Levitas, painter and sculptor
 * J. Kenji López-Alt, chef and food writer
 * Jenny Lumet, actress and #MeToo activist
 * Mary Stuart Masterson, actress
 * Helly Nahmad, art dealer
 * Jennifer O'Neill, actress
 * Morgan Pehme, filmmaker, journalist
 * Tracy Pollan, actress
 * Dara Resnik, screenwriter and producer
 * Simon Rich, writer
 * James B. Rosenwald III, entrepreneur
 * Matthew Ross, film director, screenwriter, journalist
 * Marco Roth, editor and founder of N+1 magazine
 * Melissa Russo, journalist
 * Eric Schlosser, journalist
 * Marian Seldes, actress
 * Wallace Shawn, actor, playwright
 * Fazal Sheikh, photographer
 * Christian Slater, actor
 * Marina Squerciati, actress
 * Jill Stuart, fashion designer
 * Emma Sulkowicz, performance artist
 * Veronica Vasicka, record label founder and DJ
 * Josh Waitzkin, chess player
 * Dean Wareham, musician
 * Julie Warner, actress
 * Bokeem Woodbine, actor
 * David Yassky, Director, New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission.
 * Matt Yglesias, writer
 * Andrew Zimmern, chef
 * Head of School

José Manuel De Jesús became Head of School in 2022. Former Head of School Jim Best resigned in 2021 after 16 years at the school.

 * Faculty

 * Donald Barr, headmaster c. 1964–74
 * Joe Frank, taught literature and philosophy 1965–1975; radio performer, writer.
 * Rhys Caparn, art instructor 1946–1972
 * Jeffrey Epstein, taught 1974–76. Financier; convicted sexual predator
 * Yves Volel, taught c. 1968–85. Lawyer, activist, assassinated while running for Haitian presidency

title: Dalton School


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User:Jerome Loisel

Jérôme Loisel (born November 24, 1975). I am a literature student from Lévis, Québec. I study the novels and films of Alain Robbe-Grillet. I have worked in several fields: education, website design, politics; I have also volunteered in several community or university media as a radio show host or columnist, and have done various live stage performances. My writings tend to focus on Québec politics and society.

Major contributions
These are not corrections or improvements, but articles I wrote myself. In time, I will probably add articles I overhaul (two are in my sights as of this writing). Please feel free to proof-read them: English is not my native language and I have been known to make mistakes, from time to time.

 * Alfred Pellan, August 2004.
 * Ozias Leduc, August 2004.
 * Jean Paul Lemieux, July 2004.
 * Sylvia Daoust, July 2004.

To-do list
I intend to write these articles or give them an overhaul.

 * Refus Global
 * Les Automatistes
 * Paul-Émile Borduas (I have already done the External links section)
 * Jean-Paul Riopelle
 * Anne Hébert
 * Hubert Aquin

Side discussion with an un-named reader.

(Jérôme, es-tu certain de vouloir toucher à lui ?)

Non, je suis loin d'être certain. Mais... À qui est-ce que je parle? La meilleure place pour discuter, c'est mon onglet "discussion".

title: User:Jerome Loisel


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Gosen

Gosen may refer to:

 * Gosen, Niigata, Japan
 * Gosen-Neu Zittau, Brandenburg, Germany
 * Gosen (Company), a Japanese manufacturer of sporting equipment
 * Gosen Wakashū, an ancient Japanese poetry anthology
 * Land of Goshen, an area in Biblical Egypt

title: Gosen


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When Dream and Day Unite

When Dream and Day Unite is the debut studio album by American progressive metal band Dream Theater, released on March 6, 1989, through Mechanic/MCA Records. The album is composed mostly of material that originally surfaced during the band's early years as Majesty, and it is the only Dream Theater album to be recorded with their full original lineup. James LaBrie replaced Charlie Dominici as the lead vocalist on all subsequent albums.

History
The band was originally formed in 1985 by Berklee College of Music students John Myung (bass), Mike Portnoy (drums), and John Petrucci (guitar) under the name Majesty, which was inspired by Portnoy's commentary on the ending of "Bastille Day" by Rush. After the band found a keyboardist in Petrucci's childhood friend Kevin Moore, the band hosted auditions and settled on Chris Collins as the lead vocalist.

Majesty recorded The Majesty Demos between 1985 and 1986 but, shortly thereafter, were forced to change their name after another band threatened to take legal action. While touring around New York, Collins left the band, and the band went through many lead singers before settling in with experienced vocalist Charlie Dominici. Still trying to come up with ideas to rename their band, Portnoy's father suggested the name Dream Theater, which was the name of a nearby movie theater. They accepted the name, and eventually signed their first recording contract with Mechanic/MCA. The album was then recorded in mid-1988 at Kajem/Victory Studios in Gladwyne, Pennsylvania, notable for the recording of Operation: Mindcrime by Queensrÿche, and the whole process took three weeks.

With the relatively warm reception of their original demos, the band expected their debut album to be received with much fanfare and buzz, but the album went largely unnoticed by the music industry, and eventually led to Mechanic/MCA cutting their contract ties with the band, resulting in a small club tour for the album exclusively in the New York area. They also produced two promotional singles, "Status Seeker" and "Afterlife", whose remixes and single edits for radio were done by Terry Brown of Rush production fame. Due to tensions within the band and creative differences, Dominici was fired from the band, and they were without a lead singer until late 1990.

15th anniversary performance
On the 15th anniversary of the album, the band performed it in its entirety in Los Angeles. Furthermore, during two additional songs in the encore, special guests Dominici and Derek Sherinian (both now former Dream Theater members) performed along with the rest of the band; however, original keyboardist Kevin Moore did not appear. The entire performance was recorded live and first released on CD and DVD under the title When Dream and Day Reunite through Portnoy's independent label YtseJam Records and later reissued officially via InsideOut as part of Dream Theater's Lost Not Forgotten Archives series. The album also featured a live version of "Metropolis—Part I", which was originally from the band's 1992 album Images and Words, and a performance of a B-side from Awake called "To Live Forever", both originally written shortly after the release of When Dream and Day Unite, and played live on the tour for the album.

Critical reception
When Dream and Day Unite did not receive much attention upon release, but due to the commercial success of Images and Words, the album later received critical reviews and criticism from many resources. Robert Taylor of AllMusic remarked an obvious Queensrÿche influence in the band's "progressive metal" music and defined Petrucci and Portnoy "competent musicians", whose "individual styles were not yet refined"; he criticized the "subpar singing, too many metal clichés, and poor production", but added that the album has "enough interesting playing to make it a worthwhile listen for fans of this genre." Canadian journalist Martin Popoff positively reviewed the album which contained "startingly progressive yet very heavy and explosive prog metal", but criticized the "clattery, thin production of Terry Date" and the sound of keyboards and drums. This is the only Dream Theater album that failed to chart on the Billboard 200.

Personnel
Dream Theater
 * Charlie Dominici – lead vocals
 * John Petrucci – guitars
 * Kevin Moore – keyboards
 * Mike Portnoy – drums, percussion
 * John Myung – bass

Production
 * Dream Theater - producers
 * Terry Date – producer, engineer, mixing
 * Joe Alexander – engineer, mixing
 * Brian Stover, Trish Finnegan – assistant engineers
 * Steve Sinclair – executive producer
 * Amy Guip – cover art

title: When Dream and Day Unite


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Kamo

The name Kamo may refer to the following:

Japan
( Note: kamo (鴨), is the common word for duck in Japanese, but the following names do not necessarily mean duck and are not necessarily written with that character. )

 * Kamo, Niigata
 * Kamo District, Gifu
 * Kamo District, Hiroshima
 * Kamo District, Shizuoka
 * Kamo, Kyoto
 * Kamo, Okayama
 * Kamo, Shimane
 * Kamo, Shizuoka
 * Kamō, Kagoshima
 * Kamo River in Kyoto (鴨川,賀茂川)
 * A number of minor rivers (鴨川,加茂川) listed under Kamogawa (disambiguation)
 * Kamo shrines, which may mean Kamigamo shrine or Shimogamo shrine in Kyoto
 * Kamo, a place name within Higashimiyoshi, Tokushima known for

Rest of the world

 * Gavar, Armenia - formerly Kamo
 * Kamo, Armenia
 * Kamo, Azerbaijan
 * Kamo, New Zealand, a town in the Northland Region of New Zealand
 * Kamo River (Russia)

People

 * Kamo (Bolshevik) (1882–1922), real name of Simon Ter-Petrosian, Armenian-Georgian Bolshevik
 * Kamo, nickname of former New Zealand sportsman Ian Jones (rugby union, born 1967)
 * Kamo clan, surname of a Japanese clan (賀茂, 加茂, 鴨, 加毛)
 * ,ancestral deity of the clan and Shinto deity of thunder
 * Kamo no Chōmei (1155–1216), an author
 * Kamo no Mabuchi (1697–1769), a poet
 * Shu Kamo (born 1939), a football player and manager
 * Kamo no Yasunori (917–977), an onmyōji
 * first name (given name) of Serizawa Kamo (1826?–1863), commander of the Shinsengumi warriors
 * Kamo (character), from the anime Doomed Megalopolis — the apprentice of Yasumasa Hirai
 * Kamo (character) from the videogame The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker

Cuisine

 * kamo in Japanese cuisine may refer to the poultry product of the wild duck, the domesticated duck, or very frequently the crossbred variety known as . It may appear on menu items such as kamonanban (hot soba).
 * kamo is one of Eggplant, of a large round shape; it is one of the better known "Kyoto vegetables" or Kyoyasai.

Other

 * , Noh play featuring the deity.

title: Kamo


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Turtledove

Turtledove or turtle dove may refer to:

Fauna

 * Various bird species, especially of the genus Streptopelia in the family Columbidae (doves and pigeons):
 * European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur)
 * Oriental turtle dove (Streptopelia orientalis)
 * Dusky turtle dove (Streptopelia lugens)
 * Adamawa turtle dove (Streptopelia hypopyrrha)
 * Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura)

People

 * Harry Turtledove (born 1949), historian and author who writes historical fiction, science fiction, and fantasy novels

Places

 * Turtle Dove Shoal, a rocky shoal in the Indian Ocean
 * Turtledove Cay, United States Virgin Islands, a small islet, located 100 yards north of Saba Island in the United States Virgin Islands

Business

 * Adidas Yeezy 350 Turtle Dove, a type of shoe in the Adidas Yeezy range
 * Turtledove Clemens, a marketing communications agency in Portland, Oregon, USA

Literature and film

 * The turtle-dove's necklace, an 11th-century Arabic book by Ibn Hazm (also called The Ring of the Dove)
 * "The Turtle Dove", an 18th-century English folk ballad (also called "Fare Thee Well")
 * Turtledove General Delivery (Postlagernd Turteltaube), a 1952 West German comedy film

title: Turtledove


text:
Kashiwazaki

Kashiwazaki may refer to:

Places

 * Kashiwazaki, Niigata

People

 * Katsuhiko Kashiwazaki

title: Kashiwazaki


text:
Talk:Plymouth Laser

I decieded to split the Laser and Talon up.

Problems
I don't think splitting up the Laser and the Talon was necessary, since the two aren't that much different. --ApolloBoy 22:22, 26 August 2005 (UTC)

I ssay that they should be seperate because the Laser was shortlived and was treated diffrently.

I know, but the Laser and the Talon are basically the exact same car, despite some minor cosmetic changes. --ApolloBoy 00:33, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

What happened to Image:Lasers.jpg?
I removed "Image:Lasers.jpg" because I have no idea what happened to it. It's still the same name and has had no changes to it. If anyone knows what happened and/or what to do please contact me. Bavaria 21:56, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I restored it. Karrmann 22:50, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Bavaria 19:53, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

(Dude so was the mitsubishi eclipse. The talon looked better than the laser anyway. And also the laser WAS NOT a rebadged dodge daytona. Whoever put that up on for everyone to read needs to be slapped. The Daytona is a whole different car.) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.195.75.139 (talk) 22:17, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Plymouth Laser


text:
Talk:Pope Julius II

Being gay
Why is there nothing on his homosexuality? (anon. User Kennethj Alan)

 * Wrong Julius, that's why. Wetman 01:02, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * It's the right Julius. Julius II was condemned by the Council of Pisa as ‘this sodomite, covered with shameful ulcers.'  Vatican diarist, Girolamo Priuli, reported that Julius disported with Ganymedes ‘without shame’ at Ostia and Città Castellana.  You're thinking of Julius III who was also gay.  (Anonymous User) 11 June 2006

 * Because it is irrelevant in an encyclopedia. OttOO 02:53, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Why it is inrrelevant??? This article is all about his biography. It seen very relevant to me! Unless it is speculation, of course...  SSPecter talk ♠  17:10, 6 May 2007 (UTC).

 * Placing to the fore accusations obviously made by Julius' enemies is highly suspect in this encyclopedia. How could it be that a large amount of content is attributed to the insults by his enemies when there is more to the factual Julius?  There is nothing wrong with homosexuality but the subject of his alleged "his homosexuality" is not even a credible meal on scholars' plates as clearly they are made to insult him with the most fashionable insult of the times.  Not to mention he has fathered several children.  Things like this put wikipedia to shame. Max 04:28, 22 March 2008 (UTC)  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Isidore2k (talk • contribs)

Protestant polemic by itself would certainly be suspect - I agree that contemporaries were at pains to discredit religious 'enemies' by tainting them with the corrupt vice of sodomy. Such accusations were used without reserve in the 16th and 17th centuries. In Julius II's case, however, not all the observations come from so-called 'enemies' but there are primary sources from diarists and court observers (a couple of whom are included in the article). I agree though that it's difficult five centuries on to prove either way with any certainty as to whether Julius II was sexually attracted to other men (physically or emotionally). Certainly proof of children is not sufficient in itself to presuppose exclusive heterosexual behaviour (nor is it sufficient to suggest that being the Pope he would have remained chaste). The article does, nevertheless, highlight a notable aspect of Julius's life - consistent with wikipedia guidelines. I don't see why this puts wikipedia to shame. Contaldo80 (talk) 09:37, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Popes and beards
In the book 'Michaelangelo and the Pope's Ceiling' it states that the Popes were not allowed to wear beards (but Julius did, for various reasons). As several subsequent popes were bearded, did the policy change? Jackiespeel 18:49, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Illegitimate daughter of Pope Julius II, Felice dellar Rovere
This is borrowed from the book "The Pope's Daughter", and hopefully someone will be able to post this information to the site:

The Pope's Daughter ! The illegitimate daughter of Pope Julius II, Felice della Rovere became one of the most powerful and accomplished women of the Italian Renaissance. Now, Caroline Murphy vividly captures the untold story of a rare woman who moved with confidence through a world of popes and princes.

Using a wide variety of sources, including Felice's personal correspondence, as well as diaries, account books, and chronicles of Renaissance Rome, Murphy skillfully weaves a compelling portrait of this remarkable woman. Felice della Rovere was to witness Michelangelo paint the Sistine Chapel, watch her father Pope Julius II lay the foundation stone for the new Saint Peter's, and see herself immortalized by Raphael in his Vatican frescos. With her marriage to Gian Giordano Orsini--arranged, though not attended, by her father the Pope--she came to possess great wealth and power, assetswhich she turned to her advantage. While her father lived, Felice exercised much influence in the affairs of Rome--even negotiating for peace with the Queen of France--and after his death, Felice persevered, making allies of the cardinals and clerics of St. Peter's and maintaining her control of theOrsini land through tenacity, ingenuity, and carefully cultivated political savvy. She survived the Sack of Rome in 1527, but her greatest enemy proved to be her own stepson Napoleone. The rivalry between him and her son Girolamo had a sudden and violent end, and brought her perilously close to losing everything she had spent her life acquiring.

With a marvelous cast of characters, this is a spellbinding biography set against the brilliant backdrop of Renaissance Rome.

--Son of Maryann Rosso and Arthur Natale Squitti 20:38, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The material quoted comes from the dust jacket, and was probably written by an editor at the Publisher's offices. I don't think it can be considered a source. But the content of the book is acceptable, and very interesting. --Vicedomino (talk) 07:23, 19 March 2018 (UTC)

Machievelli
Machievelli discusses Julius II extensively in The Prince, should this be mentioned?

Yes if its accurate. Other than that you can say how Machievelli was impacted by him to write about him in the Prince and then be clear that its just fiction. Bolinda (talk) 05:08, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

The Prince isn't a novel you know. We can hardly describe it as fiction. It's a political commentary. Contaldo80 (talk) 15:55, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

 * "Julius II was described by Machiavelli in his works as an ideal prince. " - wasn't it Ceasare Borgia who was the model for the ideal prince??

"Original Research"
Wiki editors like to throw around the term "original research," but can they identify even a single ordinance in Canon Law that bans bearded clergy? Hell, I bet the person who wrote this article is an undergraduate doing a research paper on "Magic Merlin and his crystal balls"!!! So much for Wiki's "high" scholarly standards .... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.156.228.26 (talk) 04:32, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Relationship with Michelangelo
This article claims Julius was a "friend and patron" of Michelangelo. I do not dispute the patron part, but they were not friends. Their relationship was tumultuous at best. When Julius stopped production on his tomb, he left Michelangelo in a bad position. Michelangelo fled to Florence and refused to return to Rome for some time. Their relationship was all business. Read Michelangelo and the Popes Ceiling.

Ross King, "Michelangelo and the Pope's Ceiling" (New York: Penguin Books, 2003)

Duke of Bracciano
CarlosPN - thanks for drawing my attention. It's not clear cut. On the one hand wikipedia does suggest that the Duke of Bracciano was not created until 1560 when it was awarded to Paolo Giordani I Orsini. However, Giangiordano Orsini did marry Julius II's daughter Felice and was a significant figure in the papal army. In fact he is described in this source as the "duke of Bracciano":

http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-mq7ctwMNdoC&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=bracciano+duke+julius&source=bl&ots=1VYHIQN2zM&sig=KmHrk1e6N9bG88AJk_HQTqHk2Hg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CpTWUfu3M4mm0wXujIHQAg&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAg

So clearly he would have known Julius first hand - thus the weight of his testimony. But I can't find a source aside from McCabe that talks about this - and it's not clear if the comments are to be attributed to the son in law or the grandson of Julius? So I agree that for the time-being we leave out. Contaldo80 (talk) 10:03, 5 July 2013 (UTC)

 * It's not my intention to depraciate any testimony, but actually the source used for this must be treated with caution. The anachronistic title of duke of Bracciano makes for the reader unclear who gave this testimony and what actually he had said. McCabe did not cite his source in this case and we have to keep in mind that he's strongly partisan author (some kind of "Ludwig von Pastor a rebours"). Once better (I mean simply more accurate in citation) source would be found for this information, I'll not revert it. BTW, the book of George Williams about Papal Genealogies is inaccurate on many points. CarlosPn (talk) 21:54, 5 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Helpful, thank you. Contaldo80 (talk) 10:03, 9 July 2013 (UTC)

Adding peacock tag
Let's see, why add the peacock tag? Maybe it's this language in the article: "From the beginning, Julius II set himself with a courage and determination rarely equaled, to rid himself of the various powers by which his temporal authority was almost overwhelmed." Really? According to whom? Or this: "But, by a brilliant campaign in 1506, Julius succeeded in freeing Perugia and Bologna from their despots (Giampolo Baglioni and Giovanni II Bentivoglio, respectively), and raised himself to such a height of influence as to render his friendship of prime importance both to Louis XII of France and the Holy Roman Emperor." Again, brilliant and height of influence according to whom? This as well: "While Julius II's political and warlike achievements would alone entitle him to rank amongst the most remarkable of the occupants of the papal chair.." So, peacock tag, perhaps? PJtP (talk) 23:35, 19 January 2014 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Now I know what to focus on. --Kansas Bear (talk) 01:57, 20 January 2014 (UTC)
 * I have removed the peacock terms (none were sourced) and some other extraordinary statements. I will be removing the tag. If there are any more issues, please post them on the talk page. Thanks. --Kansas Bear (talk) 02:21, 20 January 2014 (UTC)
 * What you have likely missed, (also calling ), is the likelihood that the flowery prose connects the writing to its source, and that these lines were plagiarised. I will do the necessary checking. In future, when responding to a tag, be sure and examine the likely deeper, and more egregious problem of plagiarism, especially in articles with large blocks of unsourced text, like this one. Leprof 7272 (talk) 22:14, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Sure enough, "courage and determination rarely equaled" takes us to the Americanized Encyclopaedia Britannica, Volume 6, see . Now the fun begins. Leprof 7272 (talk) 22:23, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

Not enough evidence to put him in the LGBT category
This is what is written in Wikipedia entry: "Despite an illegitimate daughter (and at least one mistress), it was also suggested that Julius may have had homosexual lovers - although there is no evidence that he was sexually active as pope. His confrontational style inevitably created enemies and sodomy was the "common currency of insult and innuendo".[33] Such accusations were made to discredit him, but perhaps in doing so accusers were attacking a perceived weak point. The Venetians — who were opposed to the pope's new military policy - were among the most vocal; most notably the diarist Girolamo Priuli,[34] and the historian Marino Sanudo.[35] Erasmus also implied sexual misconduct in his 1514 dialogue "Julius Excluded from Heaven"; a theme picked up in the denunciation made at the conciliabulum of Pisa.[36] Criticism was furthermore made of the sinister influence exerted by his advisor, Francesco Alidosi, who Julius had made a cardinal in 1505. However, it is likely that the closeness was down to the fact that he simply knew how to handle him well.[33][37] This sexual reputation survived Julius, and the accusation continued to be made without reservation by Protestant opponents in their polemics against "papism" and Catholic decadence. The French writer Philippe de Mornay (1549-1623) accused all Italians of being sodomites, but added specifically: "This horror is ascribed to good Julius." Wikipedia can't use only rumours and accusations, often made by his enemies to discredit him, as being enough evidence that Pope Julius II belongs to the LGBT Category.Mistico (talk) 17:19, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Concur with analysis, and as there is no such category as of this date, no action take. Leprof 7272 (talk) 22:08, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

Edits of this date
Came through on a vacation day, after Mme Le Prof insisted on seeing the film adaptation of Irving Stone's eponymous book, The Agony and the Ecstasy. Found vast tracts of text without sources, and so unverifiable. She is an art historian, and says that there us no excuse for such—that there are mountains of scholarly sources for this historical figure. Article tag has been in place for years, and, with paragraphs marked as of April 2016, have added an expert tag to call for scholarly attention. Cheers. Le Prof Leprof 7272 (talk) 22:08, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Hell aside, see the Talk section above, entitle "Original research," for the impact of unverifiable text on our reading public. Cheers. Le Prof Leprof 7272 (talk) 22:10, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
 * In re Copyvio tag: Some portions of the text have been traced to the Americanized Encyclopedia Britannica (1890). Beside being ridiculously out of date scholarship, pasting it part and parcel is plagiarism. Please see: Plagiarism_problems/Header, which states:"Even when material is not covered by copyright, it is still important to state its origin, including its authors or creators. Failure to include the origin of a work is misleading and also makes it more difficult for readers and editors to refer to the material's source. It may also violate the terms of the GFDL. / Material that is plagiarised but which does not violate copyright does not need to be removed from Wikipedia if it can be properly sourced. Add appropriate source information to the article wherever possible, or move unsourced material to an article's talk page until sources can be found."
 * Please do not remove citation tags at various places, or the copyvio tag, until this mater is full rectified. I will try to find a transcript of the 1890 article, and paste it in, to facilitate comparison, but in the mean time, it would be reasonable to assume that all large blocks of text that appear, without usual 2-3 citations per paragraph, are cut and pasted from this (or another) source. Leprof 7272 (talk) 22:42, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Note, the Duplication Detector tool does not work here; one has to use other tools, or do comparisons manually. WIll try to get the ball rolling. Le Prof Leprof 7272 (talk) 22:42, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

Plagiarism issue, not article deletion issue Contested deletion
This page should not be speedy deleted as an unambiguous copyright infringement, because copyright says 1890, and thus is in the Public Domain. --CourtlyHades296 (talk) 23:41, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Please see the indented paragraph above. Out of copyright does not justify (or nullify conclusion of) plagiarism. See below regarding the speedy deletion artifact. Leprof 7272 (talk) 23:55, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Please read and fully address the issue. You may be correct, that the page needn't be deleted, but the tag should remain, because this is the tag specified to place when an out of copyright source is plagiarised and so used in Wikipedia. The call for speedy deletion is just an artifact of this old Wikipedia process; despite formal guidance from Wikipedia that the text can be moved to Talk, but should not be deleted (see above), the problem with the article remains real. Note the indented quote above, and go to the tag template page, and read what it says. Bottom line, the issue of plagiarism remains real.
 * I have started to deal with it by converting the cribbed texts to obviously marked quotes, which other editors can then adapt to the article. I will only deal with the plagiarism. Cheers. Le Prof Leprof 7272 (talk) 23:51, 15 April 2016 (UTC)
 * The first three cases of plagiarism form the url noted in the plagiarism tag have been addressed, via conversion of the cribbed text to quotations. Search "Belford-Clarke" in the text, for at present, until the plagiarism review is completed, the source authors names will appear at each case of plagiarized text appearing. Cheers. Le Prof Leprof 7272 (talk) 00:22, 16 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Five cases have now been corrected, along with a further one from encyclopedia.com. In addition to these two sources, a third plagiarised source has been identified, volume 13 of the 1898 Adam and Charles Black (Edinburgh) edition of Britannica. These will be corrected, see edit summary, where the pattern of correcting cribbed material to quotes will continue. Le Prof Leprof 7272 (talk) 01:41, 16 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Plagiarism checking done through the start of the "Papacy" section, allowing many of the inline tags calling for citations (dating to 2014) to be removed. For the obvious reason of so much material being unequivocally drawn from ca. 1890-1900 era sources, a tag now appears calling for expert, modern, scholarly attention. All for today. Le Prof Leprof 7272 (talk) 03:15, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

Bishop of Carpentras
The dates for Giuliano della Rovere's appointment to the diocese of Carpentras, resting ultimately on Pius Bonifacius Gams, are incorrect, and have been superceded by more correct evidence. Carpentras was a little gift from Uncle Sixtus just after his coronation. It was granted on 11 October 1471, and he was translated to Lausanne on 31 January 1472, a bit more than three months later. See Conrad Eubel, Hierarchia catholica Volume II, second edition (1913), p. 119. This is what happens when eager and ignorant amateurs pile on with whatever modern book they can find, or alternatively copy out of an encyclopedia (no scholarly work, actually) that is more than a century old. I do not, however, subscribe to the Wikipedia notion that newer is better; newer works are frequently filled with miscopied and misunderstood data from older and more accurate works. This entire article needs a massive rewrite by an expert, and not one whose views are based on a video of The Agony and the Ecstasy, or the bushwa transmitted by the (so called) History Channel. --Vicedomino (talk) 20:38, 21 July 2016 (UTC)

Cardinalate: citation of encyclopedias
The entire section is just a series of quotes from two encyclopedias, of inferior quality and considerable age.

I have issues with the two encyclopedias. Neither one of them provides the name of the author of the entry (unlike, for example, the Catholic Encyclopedia). The repeated statement that Belford-Clarke Co. or Kellogg, Baynes & Smith have such-and-such an opinion is wrong and highly misleading. The persons named are actually the publishers and/or editors, not scholars, or authorities. Their names should not be used to validate the opinions in the quotations.

I would strongly suggest that other and better references be provided, using works that have authors identified. One of the best things one can do is read Ludwig Pastor's volume on Julius II and use it as a source for refs. and quotes.

--Vicedomino (talk) 14:26, 19 August 2017 (UTC)

Erasmus, Council of Pisa, and charge of sexual misconduct
In the article the statement is made: "Erasmus also implied sexual misconduct in his 1514 dialogue 'Julius Excluded from Heaven'; a theme picked up in the denunciation made at the conciliabulum of Pisa.[36]"

I have read through the documents of the Council of Pisa (1511-1512), and I find no charge of sexual misconduct made.

As to Erasmus' authorship of "Julius Exclusus", he never claimed ownership. And, "Catherine Curtis has suggested that Richard Pace wrote Julius Exclusus. There are linguistic similarities between Julius Exclusus and other works by Pace. While Erasmus always denied writing Julius Exclusus, Pace did claim to have written an anti-Julius treatise."

In the satire (and it is a satire, not history and not biography), Julius himself complains that Pope Alexander VI had accused him of simony, pederasty, and mental instability. Elsewhere he complains that he was called an epileptic and a syphilitic.

--Vicedomino (talk) 09:48, 20 August 2017 (UTC)

Election of Julius II
The following occurs in the article: "As Belford-Clarke describes it, 'Della Rovere then succeeded by dexterous diplomacy in winning the support of Cesare Borgia, [who he tricked by his 'promise of money and continued papal backing for Borgia policies in the Romagna,'[13][better source needed]] and was elected to the papal dignity [as Pope Julius II] by the unanimous vote of the cardinals.'[6]|undefined"

As I checked the reference, I noted that the material in brackets is not in the original. Some of the bracketed material is (unnecessary) elaboration, but [who he tricked by his "promise of money and continued papal backing for Borgia policies in the Romagna] is editorializing on the part of the referenced second source. It is not fair to a source which is being quoted to insert an opinion from another source, thereby distorting what the first source did not say, and perhaps did not intend to say. The facts are in Gregorovius, Pastor, and Petruccelli, and they should be preferred as authorities to 'Belford-Clarke' and the 'Encyclopedia of World Biography'.

I would parenthetically note that "who he tricked" is ungrammatical; it should be "whom he tricked". But it shouldn't be there at all.

--Vicedomino (talk) 19:35, 20 August 2017 (UTC)

Response to election of Alexander VI (Borgia)
The article makes the following statement: "Della Rovere, jealous and angry, accused Borgia of being elected over him.[13]"

with a reference to Sabbatini's book on Cesare Borgia. What Sabbatini actually says is that Borgia had defeated della Rovere in the Conclave of 1492 and for twelve years had kept him out of the papacy. Della Rovere "found expression for his furious jealousy at his rival's success.... endeavouring to his utmost to accomplish the deposition of the Borgia Pope...."

The statement in the article is weak, in terms of what Sabbatini wrote, and implies (wrongly) that della Rovere made an accusation to Borgia's face. How could it be an accusation that Borgia had been elected over him? That was an accomplished fact. Either the quotation should be omitted, or the quotation should be made to say what Sabbatini wrote.

If there were a face-to-face confrontation, that would be worth a quote.

--Vicedomino (talk) 04:05, 23 August 2017 (UTC)

What is 'Italy'?
In the section on the League of Cambrai, the following statement is made:

"Italy gained ocntrol of Parma and Piacenza in central Italy, but now Spain took an interest in occupying troops on the peninsula."

What is meant by "Italy"? There was no such country in the 16th century, nor any such Prince, Potentate or Power.

--Vicedomino (talk) 01:41, 15 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Italy was perfectly well understood as a geographical concept at the time. Which Italian states took nover these cities should be clarified. Johnbod (talk) 04:22, 15 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree with Johnbod. Incidentally I'm worried that large sections of the article seem to have been copied direct from third sources. I've tried to improve these where I can. Contaldo80 (talk) 10:31, 15 March 2018 (UTC)

Misplaced ?
The following sentences appear in the section called "Early Life":

"Short, stout, with a liking for strong military-bearing, della Rovere read the Discourses of Macchiavelli published at the time, schooling himself in the 'Art of War'. He sported a long beard as a sign of masculinity: 'with his beard and blasphemies he wants to instill fear in other men', wrote Macchiavelli. Theology played a lesser role in his upbringing, for one of his imagined must have been Frederic Colonna the Condottiere.[10] Della Rovere admired the manliness and professionalism of warriors, the intention being 'not to let leisure pass, without doing something constructive.' 'Good generals never engage in battle unless necessity compels or opportunity beckons', opined Macchiavelli's philosopher-prince; a lesson Della Rovere seems to have learnt by 1500.[11]"

Since Machiavelli did not start publishing until 1499, and then with a discourse on the history of Pisa, I find the claims hard to accept. ...published at the time...? When was that? The famous discourses, Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livy, though written in 1517 (four years after the death of Julius II) were not published until 1531. The Prince was likewise was not published until after Machiavelli's death, fourteen years after that of Julius. Machiavelli's Dell'Arte della Guerra belongs to 1519–1520, and certainly did not influence Julius, who was already an active campaigner when Machiavelli was still acquiring his knowledge of warfare with his management of the Florentine militia from 1503 to 1506.

What did Julius learn from Machiavelli, and when did he learn it? I am very dubious about the cut-and-paste job in the section quoted. It certainly does not belong under "Early Life". Most of it seems to belong to 'Julius' Influence on Machiavelli'.

--Vicedomino (talk) 05:08, 16 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Agree. Contaldo80 (talk) 10:12, 16 March 2018 (UTC)

When was Giuliano della Rovere consecrated a bishop?
In the article the following statement is cut-and-pasted:

"Belford-Clarke, and Kellogg, Baynes & Smith, continue, 'In the capacity of papal legate [della Rovere] was sent in 1480 to France, where he remained four years,' and 'acquitted himself with such ability that he soon acquired a paramount influence in the college of cardinals, an influence which rather increased than diminished during the pontificate of Pope Innocent VIII.'"

The article also states that he was consecrated by his uncle Pope Sixtus and that he was consecrated in 1481.

BCKBS is correct that Della Rovere was named Papal Legate in 1480, on 28 April 1480 in fact. He left Rome on June 9 (Eubel, II, p. 43 nos. 423, 426). However it is on record that Della Rovere returned to Rome on 3 February 1482. (Eubel, II, p. 44 no. 454). Their statement that he remained in France for four years is incorrect; he was gone less than two years.

This seems to exclude, however, the possibility that Pope Sixtus consecrated Della Rovere a bishop in 1481, since Della Rovere was nowhere near the pope during that year. I am willing to grant that he was consecrated by Pope Sixtus, but not in 1481. Della Rovere was promoted Cardinal Bishop of Sabina on 19 April 1479 (Eubel, II, p. 42, no. 404), and one would normally expect his consecration to follow not long after, at any rate between 19 April 1479 and 9 June 1480.

I am aware that David M. Cheney, Catholic-Hierarchy.org, "Pope Julius II: Giuliano della Rovere" presents the date 1481, as does Gabriel Chow, G-Catholic, Pope Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere, O.F.M.). Chow is wrong, as the Wikipedia article points out, in calling Della Rovere a Franciscan; he never completed his novitiate or took vows. Both Cheney and Chow are self-published web pages.

It occurs to me that 1481 might be somebody's mistake for 1471. It was in 1471 that Giuliano delle Rovere was first named a bishop, Bishop of Carpentras, and that would be the natural time for him to be consecrated.

--Vicedomino (talk) 07:09, 19 March 2018 (UTC)

 * The date of 1481 goes back to Francesco Paolo Sperando Sabina Sacra e Profana, 1790, p. 234-235. Charles Branson, author of the blog Apostolic Succession & Episcopal Lineages in the Roman Catholic Church took his attention on it and was then followed by Salvador Miranda and others. I can find two solutions: 1) Sperandio was simply wrong and the date of consecration should be taken as 1479; the fragment in question seems actually to be a reference to the appointment as bishop of Sabina, not necessarily to the rite of consecration, or 2) Giuliano was consecrated shortly after his return from France in February/March 1482, but the date of his consecration has been registered according to stylus Florentinus, with the beginning of the year on 25 March (not 1 January) CarlosPn (talk) 23:48, 22 March 2018 (UTC)
 * As to (1), Sperandio may well have been guessing, and he may have been fooled by della Rovere's appointment as Bishop of Sabina in 1479; but he's still wrong on the 1481 date, as are Branson and Miranda, and Catholic-Hierarchy and G-Catholic. Why should one accept the 1479 date, if it has no documentary support? So far as I have seen, della Rovere is not ever mentioned as bishop-elect in references after 1471, only as bishop, especially not by Burchard, who is careful about that sort of thing. As for (2), Why would his date of consecration (by Sixtus IV) be entered in a Vatican register using the Florentine system, when all of the other dates are in the Roman system? Sorry, but that solution does not impress me at all, however ingenious it may be.  But anyway, for Wikipedia purposes, it would be counted as speculation or original research. But thanks for the input. My question still stands. --Vicedomino (talk) 01:00, 23 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Just a small remark - Florentine style was widely used in Roman Curia from 12th until 17th century. Solemn papal privileges from the pontificate of Innocent II onwards were dated according to it. Inquisitorial nomination of Heinrich Kramer by Sixtus IV also is dated using stylus Florentinus. But I think that a right conclusion is that we simply do not know when episcopal consecration of Giuliano della Rpvere really took place and the person of his consecrator also seems to me undocumented. Everything goes back to inaccurate and unreferenced notice of Sperando which actually proves nothing CarlosPn (talk) 12:24, 20 June 2018 (UTC)

Julius elected unanimously
The following occurs in the article:"He was elected by unanimous vote of the conclave of cardinals.'[10] This was, in Ludwig von Pastor's view, a certainty, by means of bribery with money, but also with promises. 'Giuliano, whom the popular voice seemed to indicate as the only possible pope, was as unscrupulous as any of his colleagues in the means which he employed. Where promises and persuasions were unavailing, he did not hesitate to have recourse to bribery.'[29] Indeed his election on 28 November 1503 took only a few hours, and the only two votes he did not receive were his own and the one of Georges d'Amboise,"

Either Julius did not get d'Amboise's vote, in which case the election was NOT unanimous, or the statement about his own and d'Amboise's votes is incorrect. The notion of unanimity (based on one of the silly encyclopedias) is misleading; it is based on the formula that always accompanies an election, that he was elected concorditer et unanimiter.

I am going to delete the encyclopedia's confusing remark.

--Vicedomino (talk) 06:42, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Monstrous quotation
The following text from the article is presented as a quotation: "'Accompanying the young king on his military campaign, [della Rovere] entered Rome along with him, and endeavoured to instigate the convocation of a council to inquire into the conduct of the pope with a view to [deposing him], but Alexander, having gained a friend in Charles VIII's minister [Guillaume] Briçonnet, by the offer of a cardinal's hat, succeeded in counterworking [defeating] the machinations of his enemy [della Rovere], the death of [Pope] Alexander VI in 1503, where his son Cesare Borgia wished to be elevated, fell ill at the same time Della Rovere supported the candidature of Cardinal Piccolomini of Milan, who was consecrated under the name of Pope Pius III on 8 October 1503,…then suffering from an incurable malady, of which he died in little more than a month afterward.'"

It is not grammatical. It is confused. It does not represent what happened. It needs to go, and something better needs to be substituted.

--Vicedomino (talk) 17:57, 17 March 2018 (UTC)

Venereal disease
In the text of the article, the following sentence is currently found: "During lascivious days spent in the denizens of Rome he managed to contract venereal disease from visiting prostitutes (despite being a bishop)."

First, a denizen is a person, not a place or a thing. Second, which venereal disease is being talked of? Third, how is it known that he was already a bishop when the alleged infection occurred? Fourth, how is it known that it was in Rome that he was allegedly infected? Giuliano moved around. Could it have been a French woman from Avignon or the French Court? And how is it known that the alleged woman was a prostitute?

This sentence looks a lot like slander turned into libel, which is not permitted on Wikipedia. Just because libel can be sourced does not mean that it is true.

I point out as well that the statement is unreferenced by any reliable source.

--Vicedomino (talk) 23:25, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

 * Well I'm not sure contemporary slanders are not allowed. But agree with you that this one adds little. Contaldo80 (talk) 17:22, 21 March 2018 (UTC)
 * How do you know that it's a contemporary slander? --Vicedomino (talk) 17:54, 21 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Well I'm guessing people in the pub today are not talking about the sex life of Julius II and implying that he sleeps around. It's obviously a contemporary slander. Contaldo80 (talk) 18:01, 21 March 2018 (UTC)
 * My remark about the misuse of 'denizen' hinted that it was not simply a case of copying from a reputable source (i.e. that it was not a remark contemporary with Julius II). And I would add that neither does the parenthetical remark about him being a bishop when the delict was committed. That just appeared in the article one day. And as to people in the pub not talking, well, to reference T.S. Eliot, the women in the pub were talking about Michelangelo. Why not Julius II? --Vicedomino (talk) 18:14, 21 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm not challenging it's removal, and I don't know where it came from. Incidentally in Prufrock the women are not in a pub :) Contaldo80 (talk) 10:35, 22 March 2018 (UTC)

Complaint about use of old books and books in French
An editor complains about the use of 100 year old materials in French, and requests use of Shaw; "Start section for sources (ie those used). All this 100 y/o stuff in FR should be cut if not used. Can more use be made of solid modern sources like Shaw?"

Some observations:

(1) Shaw is in print, and not available for reading on-line; (2) Shaw is a university press book, printed in non-commercial quantities, and not held in many public library collections, school libraries, or personal collections; referring a reader of Wikipedia to a book which is not available to the reader is not particularly helpful. Providing other references to material which is on-line, on the other hand, can be very helpful to users. (3) Shaw's coverage of many topics is not of sufficient depth to be satisfying (for example, Petruccelli's 1864 treatment of the conclaves of 1503 fills 48 pages; Shaw's does not); see some reviews of the book. (4) This article is part of the Wikipedia Biography Project, which sets as its goal for a "B" class article: "Readers are not left wanting, although the content may not be complete enough to satisfy a serious student or researcher. A few aspects of content and style need to be addressed. Expert knowledge may be needed. The inclusion of supporting materials should be considered if practical, and the article checked for general compliance with the Manual of Style and related style guidelines." For a Featured Article, the goal is: "Professional, outstanding, and thorough; a definitive source for encyclopedic information." (5) The article on Julius II is tagged as a Vital Article, level 4 WP:VA. (6) The jettisoning of old materials, and materials in French, leads away from the goal of completeness, since it may silence alternative analyses and opinions, and may remove sources of information which are not to be found in Shaw. This is especially true of complex figures, like Julius II, whose policies with regard to France, Spain, Venice, Switzerland and other states continue to be controversial. (7) There are only two other French works older than 100 years in the "For further reading" section, and one of them is actually used for a reference; I really don't see the emergency.

That said, I see no objection to adding references to Shaw to material already in the references.

--Vicedomino (talk) 21:02, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Generally, such books can be obtained through inter-library loans etc by most people in the main Anglophone countries. You are putting a lot of work into this article, and it seems a pity not to use the best available sources. Actually I see Amazon have Shaw's book on Kindle for $5 or so. Certainly there are decent recent histories of the papacy/popes that are easily obtained, and would be worth checking (John Julius Norwich is very cheap on Amazon, Eamon Duffy reasonable). Personally I think no article using almost entirely centenarian sources, on a subject that is hardly obscure, should be classed as a "B". How on earth do we know that "Julius II, whose policies with regard to France, Spain, Venice, Switzerland and other states continue to be controversial" with only these antique sources? Johnbod (talk) 23:37, 27 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree with Johnbod. We shouldn't be using sources that are more than 50 years old let alone 100. There's plenty of good modern stuff around. Contaldo80 (talk) 09:15, 28 March 2018 (UTC)

 * We should be using accurate, available, and fully informational sources. Listen to the ethnocentrism in "obtained through inter-library loans etc by most people in the main Anglophone countries". Does this include South Africa, India or the Falkland Islands? And listen to the first-world attitude to money. Do you really think that people of limited means (and there are huge numbers of them out there) can afford to drop $5 for every reference to a current book on Kindle? Does everybody have a Kindle? Where does the new "50 year rule" come from? It is a ""modernist"" point of view that assumes that the latest is the best. That may be true in consumer electronics in the consumer age, but history is a different creature. --Vicedomino (talk) 15:38, 28 March 2018 (UTC)
 * No of course not (Sth Africa maybe, I'd imagine), hence the phrasing. Do you actually live in South Africa, India or the Falkland Islands? I doubt that, given the info on your user page (in fact I see you sport a "lives in US" userbox). Could you afford to drop $5? Let's guess yes, though like me you may not use kindle (actually that seems rather probable). That every reader can verify every reference is not required by WP:V (see Verifiability) and should certainly not be prioritized over providing the best possible article text - on the contrary. My comments were aimed at you and the text you addding, not a hypothetical "verifier".  The sort of reader who would want to verify references is much more likely than average to have access to university or other large libraries in any case.  There is nothing new about a requirement for up to date sources - see WP:RS (RS AGE in particular) and its subsidiary pages, and their talk pages. I won't comment on the likihood of people in South Africa, India or the Falkland Islands being able to read the French or Latin of many of the sources now used. Johnbod (talk) 16:05, 28 March 2018 (UTC)

 * "I won't comment on the likihood of people in South Africa, India or the Falkland Islands being able to read the French or Latin of many of the sources now used." Why not? Since you have made this personal, I would guess that you can't read French or Latin, and you can't refute the statement logically and factually. I do not use Kindle (it's epensive), and I am on a fixed income. You say, "The sort of reader who would want to verify references is much more likely than average to have access to university or other large libraries in any case." More likely than average?? Do you have statistics? Post them. Please. Access to university libraries is frequently controlled and limited to registered students and staff. "Other large libraries" suggests that you live in an urban environment. I listed three places where that is not the case, and you deliberately refused to deal with them. Even on-line libraries, like JSTOR and Haithi Trust, are closed to persons who cannot pay. BTW, I note that Lord Norwich's book on Venice is now 40 years old. Will it be removed from references in 10 years?  I note that Machiavelli, who was inter alia a historian, is considerably older. Are his opinions no longer worth noting? You write, "That every reader can verify every reference is not required by WP:V (see Verifiability) and should certainly not be prioritized over providing the best possible article text - on the contrary." This is a logical 'straw man'. You have created for me a criterion to which I do not subscribe, so that you can denigrate me. The point of references is to provide a source for a statement. If someone has a better source, by all means add it.  I am looking forward to your many additional citations of Shaw. Just make sure that they are better than what's already there. --Vicedomino (talk) 16:26, 28 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Phooey, actually I have decent French, fair Italian, and some Latin. In fact my most recent new article used entirely French sources, some rather old; but this was on a far more obscure topic. I doubt I'd find it necessary to make much use of them if I was the one expanding this article, rather than you. It has been possible for many to get free JSTOR access via the Wikipedia Library - now here. Don't you, like me, get free alumni access to JSTOR via your distinguished former universities (as advertised on your user page)?  Otherwise, just read the policies, and don't complain if people think that updating to 1902 is not the most useful way to spend a lot of effort. Johnbod (talk) 22:08, 28 March 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm fully behind Johnbod here. Vicedomino I appreciate your efforts to improve this article but (speaking as a historian) we rarely use sources more than 20-30 years old unless there is a compelling point to be made (eg use of von pastor as seminal in the history of the papacy). Your arguments above about anglo-centrism etc and the price of buying books are somewhat straining this. If you don't have access to good quality up to date material then you need to stop editing this article. Sorry, but there are standards to be observed. Can we start by replacing Ott, Michael (1910). "Pope Julius II". The Catholic Encyclopedia as a source. Thanks. Contaldo80 (talk) 09:35, 29 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Neither Ott nor Cath.Encyc. is my work. Blame someone else, and by all means replace it, if you have something better. And now I see the new rule, which I bet you made up yourself, is "20-30 years old". Two days ago, your rule was 50 years. Though you seem to have become the Ref Police, deciding which older material (Pastor) is acceptable, and which is not; and who should do the editing and who should not. Wikipedia's policy is that anyone can edit anything. And, BTW, note what Johnbod wrote, "In fact my most recent new article used entirely French sources, some rather old; but this was on a far more obscure topic." He admits to using old material and material in French, which is where my comment on his complaint against using old material and material in French began. So he allows himself privileges which he denies in others. I hate to be so personally aggressive about this topic, but your and his self-invented "rules" apply only to you. Let's end this; it's not going anywhere.

 * Thank you for your comment about my efforts to improve this article. The section on "Cardinal" had three quotations from two century-old encyclopedias when I began; nothing else. I managed to replace them with genuinely sourced material, and I added everything about his earlier career. This after eight years of total neglect of the article. I added the entire section on the V Lateran Council, an Ecumenical Council, a major omission since the article was first posted.

 * --Vicedomino (talk) 17:57, 29 March 2018 (UTC)
 * As I'd hoped I made clear, I only used old and French sources in the absence of newer English ones. As far as I can see, it isn't even a question of accessibility, they just don't exist. The situation here, with a very famous subject, is very different. Identifying reliable sources (history) is only an essay, but it has been around for almost 10 years. It sensibly doesn't give a single cut-off, but sources pre-1990 are mentioned as an example. Johnbod (talk) 20:37, 29 March 2018 (UTC)  Johnbod (talk) 20:34, 29 March 2018 (UTC)
 * Vicedomino - I suggest you step back and avoid what is in danger of becoming personal abuse. As a qualified historian I can say that it is highly unusual to use sources for a history article that are more than 20-30 years when covering a familiar figure/ event (of which Julius II is). Johnbod has helpfully referred to guidance on reliable sources - I suggest you use that as a guide. If you add additional material then please make sure that the sources are relatively recent. Likewise I think we need to review all sources that are more than 50 years old to improve this article, and probably remove some. Contaldo80 (talk) 09:16, 3 April 2018 (UTC)

"To many Julius II has been described as the best in an era of exceptionally bad popes..."
"To many Julius II has been described as the best in an era of exceptionally bad popes..." God knows what this is supposed to mean. Any suggestions? Bits of the article are barely literate. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.10.154.93 (talk) 18:54, 12 March 2019 (UTC)

Age at death
The last sentence says "The Cardinal called Pope Julius II "a Pope who strove to serve the Church and to sacrifice himself for her until the Lord called him at the age of 72"." -the infobox says 69. ??? Manannan67 (talk) 05:29, 2 January 2020 (UTC)

End of papacy
For the end of the papacy, if one wants to be precise, there are only two possibilities: either writing "until his death", date which one can easily read one row above, or writing the precise date (day, month, year). The year only is imprecise (the papacy could have ended on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd of January, and so on), and impossible to adopt for papacies which lasted less than one year. Alex2006 (talk) 17:02, 20 January 2020 (UTC)

Citation removed
Hallo,

I removed the Sanudo citation, since it is out of place. Pulling one's beard as if one were a boy, has nothing sexual in it, but it's just a display of bullying. Failure to react shows the weakness of the future pope, not his homosexuality. Feel free to reinstate the sentence and the citation in the right context. Alex2006 (talk) 05:51, 6 May 2020 (UTC)

Lead
The lead is waaaaay too long. Looks silly. Contaldo80 (talk) 21:24, 1 December 2020 (UTC)
 * It's a bit too long, but most WP leads, for example that for his predecessor Pope Pius III, are waaaaay too short. Johnbod (talk) 22:08, 1 December 2020 (UTC)

Sorted in LGBT cats
Pope Julius II was a LGBT Roman Catholic pope. That should be sorted in category. --188.96.230.248 (talk) 20:59, 6 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Category:LGBT Roman Catholic popes
 * Advocate.con: 21 Gay Popes, Cardinals, and Assorted Catholic Leaders, By Jacob Ogle

Name Contradiction
The introduction states, 'Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or the Fearsome Pope, he chose his papal name not in honour of Pope Julius I but in emulation of Julius Caesar.' However, further down in the text in 'A Renaissance Pope', we read, 'Giuliano Della Rovere thenceforth took the name of his fourth-century predecessor, Julius I...' Clearly there is a contradiction here. RobotBoy66 (talk) 01:37, 12 November 2021 (UTC)
 * The first one has a good ref, the 2nd no ref at all. They aren't exactly contradictory, but I have rephrased. Johnbod (talk) 15:08, 12 November 2021 (UTC)

Lack of Impartiality
"To most historians Julius was manly and virile, an energetic man of action, whose courage saved the Papacy. There was a sense that war caused him serious illness, exhaustion, and fatigue, that most popes could not have withstood. To many Julius II has been described as the best in an era of exceptionally bad popes: Alexander VI was evil and despotic, exposing the future Julius II to a number of assassination attempts that required tremendous fortitude."

Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a fanpage to immortalize someone's gushing. What on earth is this drivel doing here? Even if it were properly cited, this would certainly not be the way to present it to a reader.

Ysjet (talk) 04:43, 30 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pope Julius II


text: User talk:213.115.4.85

title: User talk:213.115.4.85


text:
Nagaoka

Nagaoka (jap. 長岡, 永岡 lit. "length, hill", "eternity, hill") may refer to:

Places

 * Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
 * Nagaoka-kyō, the capital of Japan from 784 to 794
 * Nagaokakyō, Kyoto, Japan, a city at the location of Nagaoka-kyō
 * Izunagaoka, Shizuoka, Japan, a former town in Izu Peninsula

People with the surname

 * Go Nagaoka (長岡 郷), Japanese footballer
 * Hantaro Nagaoka (長岡 半太郎), Japanese physicist responsible for the 1904 "Saturnian" model of atomic structure
 * Masaru Nagaoka (長岡 勝), Japanese ski jumper
 * Moeko Nagaoka (長岡 萌映子), Japanese women's basketball player
 * Miyu Nagaoka (長岡 望悠), Japanese volleyball player
 * Nagako Nagaoka (長岡 良子), Japanese religious leader
 * Shusei Nagaoka (長岡 秀星), Japanese illustrator
 * Yayoi Nagaoka (長岡 弥生), Japanese speed skater
 * Yūya Nagaoka (長岡 裕也), Japanese shogi player
 * Keiko Nagaoka (永岡 桂子), Japanese politician
 * Shuichi Nagaoka (永岡 秀一), Japanese judoka

Other uses

 * Nagaoka (crater), a lunar crater named after Hantaro Nagaoka

title: Nagaoka


text:
Talk:Moray eel

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): EvenBadScientistsCanObserve.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 04:27, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

cosmopolitan
What does "cosmopolitan" mean, as in "Moray eels are large cosmopolitan eels"? Kent Wang 17:00, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * In an ecological sense, it means moray eels are widely distributed; they occur in many parts of the world's oceans. (Speaking in terms of the family as a whole rather than individual species.) -- Hadal 10:19, 15 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * C'est moi! >LePierrotAnguille 05:33, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

As food
I had it once in Shanghai. It was delicious. Don't know enough about morays as food, but maybe someone more knowledgeable can jump in? Kent Wang 02:12, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

I'm aware that many different cuisines, on at least 3 different contents have moray eel as a regular meal staple. I've seen it mostly deep fried, in an almost fish and chips like set up. If anyone has more specific dishes, I think it's important to add. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.79.118.109 (talk) 21:02, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

Dean Martin

 * There's an eel with big teeth,
 * And it lives in a reef -
 * That's a moray...

 * Sorry!
 * - Astatine 16:22, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * My apologies for posting in the wrong section, but I am still figuring out how to use Wikipedia. I was wondering if more could be added about things like reproduction and feeding habits? I realize that the information about feeding habits is spread throughout the article, but perhaps it could be its own section, for to find information about when morays hunt I had to look under Reputation, and the information on what the moray eats (as well as the predators of the moray) was under Anatomy. Could information about anguilliform swimming or the nares also be added? Upsidedowndiver (talk) 14:45, 27 July 2008 (UTC)

Reputation section -- unrealist portrayal of these gargantuan green monsters
The articles says:

 * Morays have sometimes been described as vicious or ill-tempered. In fact, morays are shy and secretive, and they only attack humans in self-defense.

I find this hard to believe about a species large enough to bite off a human leg and swallow it whole.

 * They also accidentally bite human fingers when being fed....

(1) How could something as enormous as a Moray eel manage to bite off something as small as a finger without taking the hand with it? Isn't this a bit like saying that a Tyrannosaurus rex might've accidentally bitten the toes off of rodents?

(2) Who in his right mind would ever get close enough to one of these giant, bright-green sea serpents to actually try and feed it? Is this some new, trendy method of suicide that I don't know about? (Has the human rase managed to adapt to the highly toxic material available in the so-called "coffee" at Starbucks?)

 * ...because it cannot see or hear very well....

Which would explain why fewer people have their heads taken off.

 * Morays hide from humans and would rather flee than fight.

Which is why these giant, bright green, anaconda-dwarfing sea monsters lie in wait for humans to pass by, snap them up, and swallow them whole. (And probably eat any giant squids, sperm whales, great white sharks, or anything else that gets too close.)

Morays, however, do inflict a nasty bite, because, although not poisonous.... ... They have mouths big enough to swallow an orca whole.

One thing I find curious is that the so-called "largest" Moray listed in this article is a tiny, minuscule little brown thing only about fourteen feet long. That's less than one quarter the size of thos hugee, bright green krakens that instantly come to mind when one thinks of a "Moray Eel". The subject of this article seems to be about unremarkable little nothing-eels that no-one would ever need fear, not the gargantuan green man-eaters that hunt ship-wrecks looking for SCUBA divers or even whole deep sea exploration vehicles to consume (whole). --Þorstejnn 10:24, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

--- Sarcasm aside, the references to their behavior, for the most part, lacks any cite or scientific data to support it whatsoever. From the articles cited, all we can definitively say is they live in burrows, are nocturnal, and sometimes hunt with groupers. There is nothing to back up the claims above their behavior with humans, which isn't to say it's untrue, just that it lacks references (and by reference I mean a scientific journal, not someone's Geocities page). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.145.127.70 (talk) 16:52, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

I am someone else than the person who wrote the paragraph above who would like to note that there are different species of morays, not all of them are big. So when people fed them, they must have fed the small ones. Also the giant ones are yellow, not green and their scientific name is Thyrsoidea Macrurus and is normally found in the Pacific. Credit: Creatures of the Sea Moray Eels By: Kris Hirschmann. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.45.70.94 (talk) 00:21, 27 February 2012 (UTC)

Video of Moray eel attack
This video from the video sharing website Metacafe is currently receiving a good deal of publicity. Is it notable enough for the article? -- ♦Ian Ma c M♦  (talk to me) 11:28, 20 June 2008 (UTC)
 * It is not suited for an encyclopedia. It gives totally wrong signals. As shown in this video, they are dangerous. Moray eels are not pets to be fed. JoJan (talk) 14:36, 20 June 2008 (UTC)

cosmpolitatn
Wikipedians have some jarring word choices. Cosmo is a fine word for a specialist, but silly here. It's a distraction and acting fancy. Since the definition is given in the Distribution sentence, the word itself adds no value. Moreover it's repeated in the lede and then in a one-sentence section. 72.82.52.106 (talk) 12:55, 10 April 2009 (UTC)

Origin of Name
Why is it a "Moray" Eel? Is Moray a person or a place? None of the Morays on the disambiguation page seem to fit. Perhaps someone could add this information. Tigerboy1966 (talk) 08:25, 4 February 2010 (UTC)
 * According to the OED, the word" moray" is derived from the Portuguese word moréia, itself derived from the Latin word Muraena JoJan (talk) 17:15, 4 February 2010 (UTC).
 * Here's the source . I think it should be added. Martinevans123 (talk) 19:00, 11 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Can we add this picture to the article while were at it? --Hillbillyholiday talk 20:01, 11 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I've haddock enough of this plaice! Martinevans123 (talk) 20:28, 11 December 2016 (UTC)
 * A gill-ty plesiosaur? --Billy the Fish
 * Just the eel good factor. Martyfish123 (talk) 20:55, 11 December 2016 (UTC)
 * refrains from wading into this morayss of puns--Mr Fink (talk) 21:23, 11 December 2016 (UTC)
 * ... well, we'll see about that. Martinevans123 (talk) 22:06, 11 December 2016 (UTC)
 * This scampi happening. --Hillbillyholiday talk 22:45, 11 December 2016 (UTC)

Jaws
There is quite a bit of research out there concerning moray eel jaws, and I was thinking of creating a new subheading under "Anatomy" which would cover the shape of the jaw and how Morays have uniquely adapted jaws to cover their particular feeding styles. This is already alluded to near the beginning of the "Anatomy" section, though it could certainly be rolled into this section, and there is quite a bit more detail that I think could be added without becoming too abstruse for wikipedia. Thoughts? EvenBadScientistsCanObserve (talk) 00:19, 28 April 2018 (UTC)
 * What can be added to the teeth and pharyngeal jaws topics? If you have useful things to add that don't go off-topic, just do it! Rhinopias (talk) 21:14, 28 April 2018 (UTC)

Size?
Can we have a brief discussion of the size of these eels? Attic Salt (talk) 01:59, 12 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Moray eel


text:
Talk:National Institute of Mental Health

Thanks
Doh! Thank you, Icenine0! -FZ 17:01, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Encyclopedic
Although lovely in appearance and neatness, this article doesn't seem "to convey the important accumulated knowledge" and different perspectives on this topic in an NPOV way. It feels more like a NIMH webpage - perhaps reflecting the editorial history. In particular, the section listing every NIMH webpage on particular disorders, which would normally I think be under external links and perhaps just be a main hub page; and the long and intricately detailed history section. I'm going to start editing on this basis, please feel free to revert/discuss if any objections of course EverSince 15:01, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

So I've gone through the whole page. Even thought I've tried to carefully filter out loads of detail from the history section (I feel several decades older now) it surely needs more summarising, including of acronyms/acts etc. A link could be added to wherever all that preivous detail was pasted in from (I assume) EverSince 17:39, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I did a little research and it appears that the author of the history section, identified as NIMHpress, at least for the first paragraph under the subheading "History", nicely summarized a longer (and exquisitely written) article by prominent history of medicine professor Gerald Grob, Ph.D.--and NIMHpress did provide the appropriate citation in that instance. I of course don't know for sure, but my guess would be that NIMHpress consulted original source materials to write the remaining paragraphs in the History section, but neglected, in most instances, to provide the requisite citations. So the good news is that there does not appear to have been a direct copy-and-paste from another source, and, given the accurate distillation of Professor Grob's article into the first paragraph, the remainder of the History section is probably well-researched and accurate. Most of the events chronicled in the History section were before my time, but I earned my undergraduate degree in psychology in the early to mid-1980's and my doctorate in clinical psychology in the later half of that decade, so from that point to the present I'm somewhat familiar with major NIMH initiatives, and I did not notice any glaring errors or inaccuracies.  Mark D Worthen PsyD  02:43, 21 May 2013 (UTC)

For the institute to continue fulfilling this vital public health mission it must foster innovative thinking and ensure that a full array of novel scientific perspectives are used to further discovery in the evolving science of brain, behavior, and experience. This sounds like it was copied out of a brochure still. I don't know enough about the subject to fix it. Khallus Maximus (talk) 18:58, 11 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Exactly right. It's a direct quote from the NIMH website. I'd love to see more original content but the best I could do tonight was properly attribute the quotes and take out an unsupported sentence.  Mark D Worthen PsyD  02:43, 21 May 2013 (UTC)

NIMH in Popular Culture
Shouldn't there be a section on this, which includes mention of the film The Secret of NIMH? --Daniel 02:01, 13 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Don't see why not. Also, the NIMH features prominently in the Adam Curtis documentary The Century of the Self, where it is described as an attempt to 'change' Americans into more rational individuals, and gets portrayed pretty much as an instrument of mind control. Damburger (talk) 23:28, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Seeing no objection here, I've added Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH. I can't find any easily read sources for that documentary, but you might add it and cite the documentary directly. Lee Choquette (talk) 01:29, 14 October 2021 (UTC)


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Eagle Vision

The Eagle Vision is a full-sized, front-wheel drive four-door sports sedan produced from 1992 until 1997. It was marketed by Eagle, replacing the AMC/Renault-designed Eagle Premier (from which the Vision was derived). The Eagle Vision was badged as the Chrysler Vision in Europe. The Vision debuted at the 1992 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. As one of the LH sedans, it was Automobile Magazine's Automobile of the Year in 1993, and ultimately the only Eagle model to be completely designed and built in-house by Chrysler.

Design background
The Vision's design can be traced to 1986, when Chrysler designer Kevin Verduyn completed the initial exterior design of a new aerodynamic concept sedan called Navajo. The design never passed the clay model stage.

It was also at this time that the Chrysler Corporation purchased bankrupt Italian sports car manufacturer Lamborghini. The Navajo's exterior design was reworked and became the Lamborghini Portofino, released as a concept at the 1987 Frankfurt Auto Show. The Portofino was heralded as a design triumph, setting in motion Chrysler's decision to produce a production sedan with the Portofino's revolutionary exterior design, called "cab forward”.

This design was characterized by the long, low-slung windshield, and relatively short overhangs. The wheels were effectively pushed to the corners of the car, creating a larger passenger cabin compared to contemporary vehicles in its class.

Design of the chassis began in the late 1980s, after Chrysler had bought another automaker: American Motors Corporation (AMC) in 1987, from which the Eagle division is derived. During this time, Chrysler began designing the replacement for the Dodge Dynasty and Chrysler Fifth Avenue as well as a potential Plymouth. The initial design of Dodge's LH bore resemblance to the Dynasty, and this design was scrapped entirely after François Castaing, formerly AMC's Vice President of product engineering and development, became Chrysler's Vice President of vehicle engineering in 1988. The new design, under Castaing's leadership, began with the Eagle Premier.

The chassis design was continually refined throughout the following years, as it underpinned more Chrysler concepts: the 1989 Chrysler Millennium and 1990 Eagle Optima. The Premier's longitudinal engine mounting layout was inherited, as was the front suspension geometry, and parts of the braking system. The chassis itself became a flexible architecture capable of supporting front or rear-wheel drive (designated "LH" and "LX" respectively). The transmission was inspired by the Premier's Audi and ZF automatics. Borrowing heavily from Chrysler's A604 (41TE) "Ultradrive" transversely mounted automatic, it became the A606 (also known as 42LE).

By 1990, it was decided that the new technologically advanced car would need a new technologically advanced engine to power it. Until that time, the only engine confirmed for use was Chrysler's 3.3 L pushrod V6. The 3.3 L engine's 60° block was bored out to 3.5 L, while the pushrod-actuated valves were replaced with SOHC cylinder heads with four valves per cylinder, creating an advanced 3.5 L V6.

The appearance, still based on the cab forward exterior design of the 1987 Lamborghini Portofino concept, with its aerodynamic shape, made for little wind noise inside this large car. The engineering and sleek styling gives the Vision a low drag coefficient (0.31), on par with the Porsche 997.

Without badges, the Vision could easily pass as a (first-generation) Concorde. The main difference between the two are the taillight clusters. Like the European sedans it was marketed to compete against, the Vision incorporates rear amber turn signals over the Concorde's red ones. Neither does the Vision have the Concorde's faux rear lightbar between the taillights. While the two cars share headlights, the Vision's grille is smaller and, separated by its prominent center badge, has been likened to the appearance of "nostrils." The interior of the Vision is nearly identical to the Concorde, the biggest difference being the absence of the Concorde's faux wood trim and steering wheel emblem. Unlike the Vision, the Concorde never offered the AutoStick option. Marketed as a sports sedan, the Vision offered only bucket seats with a console, never the split bench with column shift.

The Vision featured a monochromatic design inside and out, with no brand or model badge on the doors (as found on the Concorde), and available aluminum wheels with a simple design. The single color motif was more pronounced on models without the grey lower body trim paint scheme. In keeping with its high-performance image, the Vision was the only LH sedan to come standard with "touring" suspension. "Performance" suspension was an available option on the Vision.

The upscale TSi model featured leather-trimmed seats, 8-way power seats for both the driver and front passenger, leather-wrapped steering wheel, leather shift knob, cloth door inserts, rear seat vents, center rear armrest, and personal reading lamps.

Power windows and central door locks were standard for both trims, as were dual airbags, with remote keyless entry available as an option. Among other factory-installed sound systems available, was the top-of-the-line Infinity sound system which included 8 speakers positioned throughout the cabin along with an equalizer. Head units included a radio with either cassette or CD playback and a maximum five-band adjustable graphic equalizer.

The TSi model was distinguishable as it did not have a fixed mast antenna, but a retractable power antenna that stored itself inside the rear passenger-side fender. Anti-lock brakes (ABS) were standard, with traction control optional.

Dual-way power sunroofs were available on this car in either trim. They were designed and installed by American Sunroof Corp. (now ASC Global) from its Columbus, Ohio plant, not by Mopar itself. An installed sunroof eliminated most of the front overhead console that featured storage bins for a garage door opener and sunglasses. However, the Overhead Travel Information System (OTIS), an onboard computer with integrated map lights, was retained.

The Vision was generally the middle offering of the original three LH cars, with the ESi starting between a base Intrepid and a base Concorde (usually just under the Concorde by a few hundred dollars). However, the TSi's base price was more than a base Concorde. Other LH cars, the New Yorker and LHS, started higher than the Vision.

Trims

 * ESi - 1993–1997
 * TSi - 1993–1997

Drivetrains
The Eagle Vision ESi came equipped with a 3.3 L V6 engine initially rated 153 bhp which was raised to 162 bhp in the 1994 and 1995 models. For 1996, it lost 4 hp, but gained 9 ft·lbf of torque. The TSi featured the more powerful SOHC 24-valve 3.5 L V6 engine rated at 214 bhp.

Both engines included a 4-speed automatic transmission. The 1996 and 1997 TSi with its 3.5 had the 4-speed AutoStick option featuring a unique PRNDL mechanism invented by Peter Gruich.

The 3.3 L engine was engineered to run on 87 octane gasoline, while the larger 3.5 requires mid-grade 89 octane fuel as a minimum, but benefits from premium 91 octane fuel.
 * 3.3 L V6 – Horsepower and Torque: 153 bhp & 177 lbft (1992–93), 162 bhp & 194 lbft (1994–1995) and, 158 bhp & 203 lbft (1996–1997)
 * 3.5 L V6 – 214 bhp & 221 lbft

1994

 * Variable-assist power steering was available, providing more feel at higher speeds. Both models now wore the same lower-body cladding, minimizing the evident differences between the ESi and TSi. The 3.3 L engine's power output was increased by 8 hp, while the 4-speed automatic transmission was revised for smoother shifting.

1995

 * New standard features included heated power exterior rear-view mirrors, power windows, and an AM/FM stereo with a cassette player. The 3.5 engine became available as an upgrade option for the ESi trim level.

1996

 * A new Autostick shifting feature became available for the TSi trim. The car could be "manually" shifted by tilting the shift knob right or left to change gears up or down. Plastic lower trim was deleted in favor of body color lower trim for a monochromatic color scheme. The Pentastar logo previously present on the front fenders in front of the doors was deleted. Windshield wiper jets were moved from the wiper arms to the hood. All 1996 Eagle Visions were made OBD-II compliant.
 * The headlights are now more powerful.

1997

 * Only minor changes were made to the 1997 Vision. After this model year, the Vision was discontinued.

Discontinuation
The Vision sold around 105,000 units, from 1993 to 1997, and Chrysler was planning to continue it to redesign the LH cars for 1998. Some prototypes featured the Eagle logo, and Vision production continued into September 1997 to offer dealers an adequate amount of 1997 models, until the introduction redesigned 1998 Vision. However, Chrysler made the decision to stop production of the Vision and Talon (Eagle's only other model by then) with the last unit built on September 5, 1997. On September 29, 1997, the automaker notified 2,340 U.S. and 337 Canadian dealers that the Eagle brand would be discontinued by the end of the 1998 model year.

The car that was planned to be the redesigned Vision, became the 1999 model year Chrysler 300M. It was released a year after the other redesigned LH cars in 1998.

Production Figures:

Awards

 * 1993: Automobile Magazine Automobile of the Year in 1993
 * 1994: Car and Driver's Ten Best List

Nameplate use
In Mexico, the 2015 model of the Fiat Siena has been marketed as the Dodge Vision.

title: Eagle Vision