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GoldenEye: Rogue Agent

GoldenEye: Rogue Agent is a first-person shooter video game in the James Bond franchise, developed by EA Los Angeles and published by Electronic Arts. The player takes the role of an ex-MI6 agent, who is recruited by Auric Goldfinger (a member of a powerful unnamed criminal organization based on Ian Fleming's SPECTRE) to assassinate his rival Dr. No. Several other characters from the Bond franchise make appearances throughout the game, including Pussy Galore, Oddjob, Xenia Onatopp and Francisco Scaramanga.

Despite being part of the larger James Bond franchise, the game has no relation to the 1995 film or the 1997 video game of the same name. In this setting the game's protagonist is given the name 'GoldenEye' after he loses his eye and receives a gold-colored cybernetic replacement. Electronic Arts has listed the title along with 007 Racing (2000) as spin-offs that do not make part of the canon they have built with Tomorrow Never Dies (1999).

GoldenEye: Rogue Agent received mixed reviews from critics who praised the unique premise and multiplayer mode, but criticised the bland gameplay, plot, departure from the Bond canon, and misleading use of the GoldenEye name.

Gameplay
GoldenEye: Rogue Agent is a first-person shooter, played across eight levels. The player can use various types of handheld weapons throughout the game, as well as the GoldenEye, which has four abilities: MRI vision, allowing the player to see through walls; EM hack, allowing the player to hack electronic systems, machines, and enemies' weapons; a polarity shield, which deflects incoming bullets; and a magnetic field, which allows the player to send enemies flying to their deaths. Each ability is granted to the player as the game progresses. Each ability requires a certain amount of energy, seen on a meter. After using an ability, the meter slowly recharges itself. There are various weapons to collect, allowing the player to fight with a single one-handed weapon, dual wield two of such weapons, or use powerful two-handed weapons. The player's free hand can also be used to throw grenades or take hostages, using them as human shields to make it difficult for enemies to hit the player.

Multiplayer
The game featured a highly customizable multiplayer component with four-player split screen play, as well as online play on non-Nintendo versions, which supported up to 8 players. LAN support is exclusive to the Xbox release of the game, and up to 8 consoles can be linked together. On 1 October, 2006, the servers for both of such versions were shut down due to "inactivity" online. Players can unlock additional customization options, skins, maps, and gametype variations by playing through Story Mode earning Octopus tokens based on performance. There are some locked skins such as Oddjob, Dr. No, and Xenia Onatopp. There are also locked maps such as the Pump Room, Carver's Press, the Bath House, the Vault Core, the Lower Turbine, Dr. No's reactor, the Fissure Platform, and GoldenEye's Retreat.

The Nintendo DS version implements multiplayer via the system's local wireless connectivity. Up to 8 players can play in DS Download Play with only one copy of the game, with only one map and the standard deathmatch mode available to play with. Players who each have their copy of the game will gain access to the full version of multiplayer, which only supports 4 players, but offers more maps and additional team-based game modes.

Plot
MI6 director M (head of MI6) gives her evaluation of one of her 00 agents who lost his right eye in an encounter with Dr. Julius No three years ago. The agent has since become obsessed with revenge and often resorts to brutality to complete his missions. M concludes that the agent in question is no longer fit for service with MI6.

Three days earlier, the agent in question is evaluated through a holographic simulation in which he is paired with 007 to stop Auric Goldfinger, a member of a criminal organization, from detonating a suitcase nuke inside Fort Knox. The agent ultimately fails the test after failing to "save" 007 and being too late to stop the bomb. Charged with "reckless brutality", he is dismissed from MI6. As he leaves the headquarters, he reads an offer by Goldfinger to enlist in his organization.

The agent accepts Goldfinger's offer and is recruited as his enforcer, meeting with him at Auric Enterprises, where Goldfinger's scientists have developed a weapon known as the OMEN (Organic Mass Energy Neutralizer), which releases energy capable of breaking down organic matter on a nearly atomic level, resulting in disintegration. For his job of eliminating Dr. No, a fellow official of the criminal organization who has declared war on Goldfinger's branch of the organization, he is given a gold-hued cybernetic eye created by Francisco Scaramanga, another official of Goldfinger's organization. It is from this implant that he receives his codename: "GoldenEye". Scaramanga provides upgrades for the eye, starting with MRI vision.

During his first mission in Hong Kong, GoldenEye has to get a sniper rifle to take down Dr. No with the EM hack feature. At the Midas Casino, GoldenEye has to get to the vault to protect the OMEN with the magnetic polarity shield. The next mission takes place at the Hoover Dam, GoldenEye has to destroy the dam and kill Xenia Onatopp. GoldenEye also tosses Oddjob over a rail into a pit inside the Hoover Dam after he betrays and attacks GoldenEye for unknown reasons. At The Octopus, GoldenEye has to download the navigation coordinates to Crab Key (Dr. No's base) with the help of the generated force field from his golden eye.

He is eventually sent to Crab Key, where he confronts Dr. No. During their duel, GoldenEye uses his mechanical eye to sabotage the island's nuclear reactor, causing it to electrocute Dr. No. Upon No's death, Goldfinger contacts GoldenEye and informs him that he believes he is too dangerous to be left alive, and that he had contacted GoldenEye earlier and told him to activate a program which would shut down the Lair's defense grid. Goldfinger reveals that he is intent on taking over the Lair, and leaves GoldenEye to die in the impending nuclear meltdown. GoldenEye, however, manages to escape in Dr. No's osprey before the reactor overloads and the island is destroyed in a large explosion. GoldenEye returns to the Lair intent on confronting Goldfinger. Pussy Galore rendezvous with GoldenEye and informs him that Goldfinger has used the OMEN to wipe out most of the Lair's guards, and taken control of it. Scaramanga provides the mechanical eye with a computer virus that he can use to overload the OMEN.

GoldenEye fights his way through the Lair, implanting the computer virus in the process, eventually reaching Goldfinger and the OMEN. Goldfinger traps GoldenEye inside a chamber that he claims will soon be devoid of oxygen. The computer virus then activates the OMEN, causing it to explode in a burst of energy, killing Goldfinger and his troops. GoldenEye and Galore leave the Lair aboard Galore's chopper, and Scaramanga and Number One (Ernst Stavro Blofeld) later discuss what to do with GoldenEye and decide to simply see what he does next before proceeding.

Characters
Both the Campaign missions and the multiplayer game feature characters based on characters in the film adaptations of Fleming's Bond novels.
 * GoldenEye: A fearsome man who used to be in service with the MI6, fired for his reckless brutality and recruited into the World's most powerful criminal organization under the employment of Auric Goldfinger. Shot in the right eye by Dr. No but merely survived during an assignment that went awry in the past, he was given a new gold-hued cybernetic eye, from which he gained his nickname, "GoldenEye". Even though he is the protagonist of the game, his face is rarely seen on screen and he never speaks. In the game's instruction manual, his surname is revealed to be Hunter.
 * Auric Goldfinger: A very mysterious man who has his own firm called "Auric Enterprises", expresses an obsession with gold and wealth, and is determined to take down Dr. No, and be the sole dominant operative in the organization he works for. He is modeled after Gert Fröbe but voiced by Enn Reitel.
 * Dr. Julius No: A high-ranking officer in the world's most powerful criminal organization, who went freelance, seeking world domination for his own, therefore setting up his evil schemes on his own personal island, Crab Key. He is modeled after Joseph Wiseman and was voiced by Carlos Alazraqui in the game.
 * Ernst Stavro Blofeld: The head of the criminal organization, whose face is never seen on the screen, and simply called "Number One" in the game's closing credits; the name he was known by in From Russia With Love and Thunderball. Official footage of character renders released by Electronic Arts feature him holding his Persian Cat, with the likeness of Donald Pleasence. He was voiced by Gideon Emery.
 * M: The head of the MI6 is a woman who has been a veteran in the business of espionage after the Cold War. She dismissed GoldenEye from duty for his "unwarranted brutality", revealing that "there is no place in the service for an agent like him". She was modelled after and was voiced by Judi Dench.
 * Francisco Scaramanga: He is in charge of the operations and technological division within the criminal organization, and is often seen mentoring GoldenEye through an earpiece. He is modeled after and was voiced by Christopher Lee.
 * Pussy Galore: Pussy is Goldfinger's personal pilot, who helps GoldenEye in his mission to take down his employer's chaotic plot. She is modeled after Honor Blackman but voiced by Jeannie Elias.
 * Xenia Onatopp: A deadly assassin and a femme fatale, who works for Dr. No, sent to specifically eliminate GoldenEye. Her likeness is based on that of Famke Janssen's and was voiced by Jenya Lano.
 * Oddjob: Goldfinger's right-hand man, a martial arts master who is also very deadly with his razor-sharp bowler hat, as well. He is the second character next to GoldenEye to never speak at all. He is modeled after Harold Sakata.
 * 007: An agent of the MI6 within the Double-O Division, who was tasked with re-evaluating GoldenEye, but lost hope when the latter has proven to be a loose cannon and caused the "death" of 007 in a training simulation, therefore failing the test. Agent 007 is only seen in the first level of the game. A generic model was used for his likeness and he was voiced by Jason Carter.

Development
The game was announced in February 2004, under the working title of GoldenEye 2, and was scheduled for release in the fall of 2004. It was also revealed by EA that the game takes place at the dark side of the 007 universe, in an alternate timeline, relocating the perspective at the underworld. Senior producer Chris Plummer said the game's premise was conceived after realizing that "the villains have all the cool characteristics that define the Bond universe" but without "any restrictions on how they behave". In May 2004, the game was unveiled at E3 as GoldenEye: Rogue Agent.

The game was developed using a modified version of the Medal of Honor game engine. The game used an advanced AI system for its time. Ken Adam, a production designer of the Bond films during the 1960s and 1970s, served as production designer for the game. Adam worked on several level designs that were based on locations from earlier Bond films. Kym Barrett was also involved in development, as well as Paul Oakenfold, who created the music for the game. The Studio CTO/COO was Steve Anderson and the Director of Quality Assurance was John Palmieri. Takayoshi Sato, who was known for building the character models and concept artworks for the Silent Hill video game series, served as associate art director. The Nintendo DS version, which is regarded to be the first-ever first-person shooter designed on the platform, was co-developed by EA Tiburon and n-Space and runs on a custom game engine that maintains a framerate of 30fps. Because of system limitations, the DS version is condensed from the home console versions, with minimized cutscenes among the changes.

EA's original plan was to recast every classical character derived from the series with newer actors, leading them to consider casting Jessica Biel in the role of Pussy Galore, but it eventually fell apart. Instead, they have based every single classic character on the actors and actresses that portrayed them in the films, and hired voice actors to imitate the originals for the most. A few of the exceptions have been made as well, as famous cinematic screen veterans such as Judi Dench and Christopher Lee were brought to reprise their roles, playing M and Scaramanga, respectively. The game's script was written by Danny Bilson, who had previously worked on the games James Bond 007: Agent Under Fire (2001) and James Bond 007: Nightfire (2002). Paul De Meo also wrote the script.

Reception
GoldenEye: Rogue Agent received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Reviewers criticized the game's lack of innovation and personality, despite its unique premise, and mediocre gameplay. Several reviewers also disliked its departure from James Bond canon in its introduction and killing off of characters. It was largely considered to be an attempt to recreate the success of one of the best-selling video games in recent history, GoldenEye 007, which was a first-person shooter for the Nintendo 64 based on the Bond film GoldenEye. Aside from the character Xenia Onatopp, the Uplink multiplayer level, and the fact that both involve a good agent going bad (although in the case of the original, not the protagonist), it had nothing to do with either the film GoldenEye or its video game adaptation, although the protagonist's scarred appearance considerably resembles Sean Bean's portrayal of rogue agent Alec Trevelyan.

The game was, however, noted for showcasing certain levels and multiplayer maps based on locations from the Bond movies, such as Fort Knox from Goldfinger, the space shuttle base from Moonraker, and Scaramanga's hideout from The Man with the Golden Gun.

During the 8th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, Rogue Agent won the award for "Outstanding Character Performance - Female" for Judi Dench's vocal portrayal of M, as well as received a nomination for "Console First-Person Action Game of the Year".

According to Electronic Arts, GoldenEye: Rogue Agent was a commercial success, with sales above 1 million units worldwide by the end of 2004.

title: GoldenEye: Rogue Agent


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User talk:Dfeuer/Archive 1

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

User_talk:Dfeuer/links

Sam [Spade] 16:55, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Welcome to WP:MCOTW!
Just giving you a great big welcome! Happy to answer any questions you might have, and see you around!--Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 14:34, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Your comment about the LGBT Portal
I didn't understand what you meant. Could you elaborate on it a bit? Jeffpw 16:54, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

LGBT WikiProject Newsletter
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This is just a quick, automated note to let you know that there is an election being conducted over the next 7 days for the position of "Coordinator" for the LGBT WikiProject. Your participation is requested. --
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Medicine Collaboration of the Week
NCurs e work 16:22, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

LGBT WikiProject newsletter
SatyrBot 05:03, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

LGBT WikiProject newsletter
This month's project newsletter (hand delivered as SatyrTN and Dev920 are away). Best wishes, WjBscribe 03:26, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

LGBT WikiProject Newsletter
Delivered on 16:00, 6 June 2007 (UTC). SatyrBot 16:04, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

LGBT WikiProject Newsletter
Delivered on 16:00, 6 July 2007 (UTC).

Notice of Inactivity
In trying to deliver the LGBT Project newsletter, SatyrBot detected a period of three months of inactivity from this account. You have been placed in our "Inactive Members" section. If this has been done in error, please let my bot owner know and change your status in he project. Thanks! SatyrBot 13:37, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

LGBT WikiProject Newsletter
Delivered sometime in January 2008 (UTC). SatyrBot (talk) 23:26, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

LGBT WikiProject Newsletter
Delivered by SatyrBot around 17:14, 3 March 2008 (UTC) SatyrBot (talk) 17:28, 3 March 2008 (UTC)

LGBT WikiProject Newsletter
{| class="navbox collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: left; border: 0px; margin-top: 0.2em;" ! style="background-color: #CC9966; text-align: center;" |The LGBT studies WikiProject Newsletter  {| The LGBT studies WikiProject Newsletter! Issue XV: June 11, 2008
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Hello, members and friends of WP:LGBT! I'm not one to be writing newsletters, but I miss our cruise director, Miss Julie, and our project is drifting along with a few leaking plugs in the bottom of the boat. Hey, it happens. Every group we join goes through changes. If Wikipedia weren't so interesting it wouldn't also be so frustrating sometimes. And vice versa. More than one Wikiproject has tumbleweeds blowing through it, but this is one that can't afford to let that happen. Even if you pop in to the talk page of the project, you can let us know you're still around.

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WP:LGBT's Role in HIV / AIDS articles
It wouldn't be a proper gay community without a li'l bit o' drama! That's right. If we aren't arguing about something, then we should be asking if we're still queer. Maybe that's for the best, since we know we're still kicking. Our most recent topic is how far the role of our project should go in dipping our toes into HIV/AIDS articles. The main AIDS article was delisted as a Featured Article last month, sadly. (Sending a swift kick to WP:Medicine.) A spirited discussion is available for your entertainment on the WP:LGBT talk page about just how much of HIV and AIDS should we take on. As ever, we'll take your opinions under advisement. We're going to have to, because it doesn't seem to have been settled.

Is Pride POV?
We have a pretty cool sidebar that identifies core LGBT articles. Its symbol is the iconic gay pride flag, much like other Wikiprojects have iconic symbols denoting the topic is a core subject in a series of articles. However, a question recently arose asking if the symbol itself is not neutral. Should a pride flag show up at the top of the article on Conversion therapy? How else would anyone know the article is about queer issues? Is there another symbol that is as widely recognized and that includes all our many splintered facets? At what point do we stop asking ourselves all these questions and just go have a mint julep on the verandah and stop caring?

Harvey Milk and Jim Jones
For the love of all that is holy, no Kool Aid jokes. However, an editor involved in pioneering San Francisco Supervisor Harvey Milk's article has included a section about the late supervisor's support of Jim Jones and the People's Temple. While it may be accurate, there is a Request for Comment regarding how much emphasis the section places on Milk's support in light of his overall political influence on the city, and indeed the rest of the United States. Milk's article is a sad one in more ways than one. It lacks the detail and heart that honors its subject. Anyone want to do a barter with me? I'll bring Harvey Milk to featured status (give me a month or two so I can read stuff), if you do something of equal value to WP:LGBT?? Make me an offer...

Queer Studies is offensive!
The established branch of study known as Queer studies was brought up as an category for deletion because an editor was offended by the use of "queer" in the title. It was overwhelmingly rejected mostly by the usernames I see here on our Wikiproject page. (A clue that I know you are out there, hiding...biding your time...) So, I wish I could congratulate you, but now I'm all confused by my sympathy for the editor who was offended. So, if you're reading this, Moni has a short memory and can't remember your username. Don't be put off by our demonstrative pushiness. Join us. We can always use involved editors.

Lambda Literary Awards
What can you do to help the project out? Be a wiki-fairy, on many levels. There are all kinds of articles that need help. Why, just this morning I removed those ugly wikify and cleanup tags from four articles at random. If you can put  around stuff, you can clean up articles. There's a list of articles that need attention at the top of the WP:LGBT talk page. Or you can start with the Lambda Literary Awards, where the goddess of my altar received a pioneering award, and was "reduced to rubble" by Katherine V. Forrest's wonderful speech. The 20th ceremony of the Lambda Literary Awards, which celebrates LGBT literature, took place in West Hollywood on May 29th. The page needs to be updated with the new winners, to be found on the official website.

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Yeshayahu Leibowitz, Arthur C. Clarke and Bernard Montgomery
Why on earth would someone want to delete material about homosexuality? 'Tis truly a mystery. But these embattled articles have some random evil gnomes removing information that places these folks under our queer umbrella. Help us keep an eye out for the deletions. Take a peek at the articles, familiarize yourselves with the info, and be handy with the undo function in the article history. If tempers flare, take it to the Hall monitors and let them sort it out. Best solution is to make sure your sources are immaculate.

This month's Wiki stars
This is what I get for opening my big fat mouth and suggesting the newsletter should be revived. Here I am writing it. So, to pat self on back (*cough*) Mulholland Dr. became a featured article in May. This is A Good Thing since it is my personal declaration that there is no such thing as lesbian porn. I don't care what Benjiboi says about the video collection at goodvibes. Instead, we have hot women who connect on a deep, personal, soul-touching level, so this film should qualify as some of the skankiest porn available for lesbians. Plus, it's completely confusing and surreal! D'you think Laura Harring would care that the article is featured? I don't think so either... (Call me, Laura!)

Compulsive hoarding of templates
Once I saw a harrowing episode of Animal Planet's Animal Cops where this guy had, like, 250 cats in his house and it freaked me right out. I'm drawing a parallel between 250 cats and, well...three, really, templates in articles involving LGBT issues. Can we stick to one, maybe? In the aforementioned Harvey Milk's article there's a core LGBT template, a link to the LGBT portal, and a sidebar for LGBT rights. Jiminy! You'd think we weren't the folk to set industrial grey carpeting and track lighting in vogue. An LGBT footer was designed to link to articles of interest that aren't the aforementioned core articles. What do you think, can we have either an LGBT template for core articles, a footer for LGBT articles that are high profile but not core, or an LGBT rights template? As ever, anything's up for discussion on the WP:LGBT talk page.

The Violet Quill and magazines
Zigzig20s suggests we create an article on The Violet Quill, as it seems such a milestone in the advancement of gay/queer literature. Members of the Quill all have pages of their own (Edmund White, Christopher Cox, Robert Ferro, Michael Grumley, Andrew Holleran, Felice Picano, and George Whitmore). We need to find more info on the Quill per se to reference the page that we create. Perhaps Google Books - and libraries? - can help.

A number of magazines also need articles, perhaps most notably QW, LGNY, and Lesbian Feminist Liberation.

Mom's nagging for Pride Month
It's June, Pride month. Wear sunscreen, stay hydrated, get a designated driver, then go half-dressed in the streets find a girlfriend or boyfriend, or some homo who's standing there looking lonely and kiss 'em up real good. Remember, it all started 39 years ago when a bunch of drag queens just got fed the f*ck up by the cops raiding the bar and dragging them all out to the pokey again. Rock on, queens! Enjoy your celebrations. My town's is in October, and 200 people attend. I miss Denver.

Fresh faces to brighten our pages
Hey, I've seen you around! Sorry there seem to be so many—it's been a while. But we welcome you all: Cheezisyum21, Taineyah, Dustihowe, Avesta69, RachelSummers77, Vivekgopinathan, AMK1211, Staffwaterboy, Ted Ted, Joe5150, Leahtwosaints, Robapalooza, Arthomure, Confusionball, Affinity likely, PrinceOfCanada, Yobmod, Npd2983, Neagley, Bvlax2005, Bvlax2005, Rhullsf, Textorus, Kieran.casey, Tyciol, Meojive, Sappho'd, Bookkeeperoftheoccult,  Gaywarrior, Aujourd'hui, maman est morte, and Balin42632003.

It looks like we've picked up a lot of talent lately. We have no doubt you'll be making your indelible mark on LGBT knowledge as we know it, here at Wikipedia.

- In the immortal words of Miss Julie, "May all your Wiki days be bright, and may your Love Boat never turn into a Poseidon."
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We miss you, Miss Julie, as well as all the others who have graced our project and are on wiki-breaks or just got fed up with all the nuttiness and went to live their lives. Get your stupid houses built and hurry up and come back. --Moni3 (talk) 16:52, 9 June 2008 (UTC) To stop receiving this newsletter, or to receive it in a different format, please let us know here. If you have any news or any announcements to be broadcast, do let Moni3 know.
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This newsletter was delivered by §hepBot around 16:02, 11 June 2008 (UTC). ShepBot (talk) 16:14, 11 June 2008 (UTC)

LGBT WikiProject Newsletter (July 2008)

 * Newsletter delivery by xenobot  12:55, 30 July 2008 (UTC)

Hey!
Hi Byeitical (talk) 17:39, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Dfeuer/Archive 1


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Valdivia culture

The Valdivia culture is one of the oldest settled cultures recorded in the Americas. It emerged from the earlier Las Vegas culture and thrived along the coast of Santa Elena peninsula in Santa Elena Province of Ecuador between 3500 BCE and 1500 BCE.

Culture
Remains of the Valdivia culture were discovered in 1956 on the western coast of Ecuador by the Ecuadorian archeologist Emilio Estrada, who continued to study this culture. American archeologists Clifford Evans and Betty Meggers joined him in the early 1960s in studying the type-site.

The original excavations were in a small village of Valdivia located well north of Santa Elena peninsula. Valdivia is located about 10km south of the beach resort of Montañita.

The Valdivia lived in a community that built its houses in a circle or oval around a central plaza. They were believed to have a relatively egalitarian culture of sedentary people who lived mostly from fishing, though they did some farming and occasionally hunted for deer to supplement their diet. From the archeological remains that have been found, it has been determined that Valdivians cultivated maize, kidney beans, squash, cassava, chili peppers and cotton plants. The latter was processed, spun and woven to make clothing.

Valdivian pottery, dated to 2700 BCE, initially was rough and practical, but it became splendid, delicate and large over time. They generally used red and gray colors, and the polished dark red pottery is characteristic of the Valdivia period. In their ceramics and stone works, the Valdivia culture shows a progression from the most simple to much more complicated works.

The trademark Valdivia piece is the "Venus" of Valdivia: feminine ceramic figures. The "Venus" of Valdivia likely represented actual people, as each figurine is individual and unique, as expressed in the hairstyles. The figures were made joining two rolls of clay, leaving the lower portion separated as legs and making the body and head from the top portion. The arms were usually very short, and in most cases were bent towards the chest, holding the breasts or under the chin.

A display of Valdivian artifacts is located at Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Influences on Valdivia culture
Ceramic phase A of the Valdivia was long thought to be the oldest pottery produced by a coastal culture in South America, dated to 3000-2700 BCE. In the 1960s, a team of researchers proposed there were significant similarities between the archeological remains and pottery styles of Valdivia and those of the ancient Jōmon culture, active in this same period on the island of Kyūshū, Japan). They compared both decoration and vessel shape, pointing to techniques of incising. The Early to Middle Jomon pottery had antecedents dating 10,000 years, but the Valdivia pottery style seemed to have developed rather quickly. In 1962 three archeologists, Ecuadorian Emilio Estrada and Americans Clifford Evans and Betty Meggers suggested that Japanese fishermen had gotten blown to Ecuador in a storm and introduced their ceramics to Valdivia at that time. Their theory was based on the idea of diffusion of style and techniques.

Their concept was challenged at the time by other archaeologists, who argued that there were strong logistical challenges to the idea that Japanese could have survived what would have been nearly a year and a half voyage in dugout canoes. The cultures were separated by a distance of 15,000 km (8,000 nautical miles). Researchers argued that Valdivia ceramics (and culture) had developed independently, and those apparent similarities were a result simply of constraints on technique, and an "accidental convergence" of symbols and style.

In the 1970s, what is believed widely to be conclusive evidence refuting the diffusion theory was found at the Valdivia type-site, as older pottery and artifacts were found below these excavations. Researchers found what is called San Pedro pottery, pre-dating Phase A and the Valdivia style. It was more primitive. Some researchers believe pottery may have been introduced by people from northern Colombia, where comparably early pottery was found at the Puerto Hormiga archaeological site. In addition, they think that the maize at Valdivia was likely introduced by people living closer to Meosamerica, where it was domesticated. Other pottery remains of the San Pedro style were found at sites about 5.6 miles (9 km) up the river valley.

Additional research at both several coastal sites, including San Pablo, Real Alto, and Salango, and Loma Alta, Colimes, and San Lorenzo del Mate inland have resulted in a major rethinking of Valdivian culture. It has been reclassified as representing a "tropical forest culture" with a riverine settlement focus. There has been major re-evaluation of nearly every aspect of its culture.

title: Valdivia culture


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Talk:StarCraft universe

Original Research
The history section is completely uncited OR. Someone please cite some sources explicitly. // 3R1C 15:23, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

Failed VfD
This article was listed on votes for deletion; see Votes for deletion/StarCraft universe. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 05:16, Dec 12, 2004 (UTC)

For a December 2004 deletion debate over this page see Votes for deletion/StarCraft universe

Expanding articles of the StarCraft universe
Glad to see SC/BW universe. I wish Blizz didn't give up on it like it appears they have :( but anyway, here's what I would like to add, but I really wanted to make sure it gets the proper attention before inclusion, so review it and let me know:

Terran History/Storyline? (intent: to keep it breif, if they want the detailed story they need to refer to the SC/BW manual) Earth, the homeworld of all Terrans, was abandoned after a series of nuclear wars which left it uninhabitable. The human race has scattered throughout the galaxy and occassionally a push is made to unite the varying groups. The UAC (as if that's the name, i'm doing this on memory, forgive me) is currently the most powerful military organization and is making the efforts to bring all Terran outposts under their control.

The military units are repurposed criminals. We get the impression that the Toss & Zrg are the first non-Terran intelligent life they've encountered.

Protoss: Originally a tribal warring population their abilities in physical combat grew and they almost eridacated themselves. After they developed psychic abilities they were able to live together in harmony but maintain their gifts in war.

Zrg: The origins of these creatures is unknown at the onset of the story. Their arrival is sudden and their appearance coincides with the Toss's arrival who were looking to destroy the Zrg.

WOW! How weak this addition would've been! All my innaccuracies to boot! I guess I'll have to read the manual again. --Duemellon 16:57, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 Terran History/Storyline? (intent: to keep it breif, if they want the detailed story they need to refer to the SC/BW manual)

 * There is no reason of why we should direct it to the manual when the lore of the StarCraft universe is encyclopedic. There is no need to keep if brief either; see Category:Middle-earth for an example of how "brief" that is.

The UAC (as if that's the name, i'm doing this on memory, forgive me) is currently the most powerful military organization and is making the efforts to bring all Terran outposts under their control.

 * See United Planetary League.

Protoss: Originally a tribal warring population their abilities in physical combat grew and they almost eridacated themselves. After they developed psychic abilities they were able to live together in harmony but maintain their gifts in war.

 * That info could be put in Khala, Adun, Khas, and in the Protoss article as well (under the History section).

Zerg: The origins of these creatures is unknown at the onset of the story. Their arrival is sudden and their appearance coincides with the Toss's arrival who were looking to destroy the Zrg.

 * I wouldn't say it is unknown, it's simply not expanded too much. We know the Zerg were created by the Xel'Naga and that the Overmind hide deep under their home-planet to be undetected by the Xel'Naga so that the Zerg could launch an attack against them. Most of that info should go under the History section of the Zerg article, and some of it could also be located in the Zerg Overmind article.

 * —John | Talk 22:02, Aug 12, 2004 (UTC)

User:Kimera757 "The pride in their achievements proved to be the fatal downfall of the Xel'Naga. The Overmind, while slowly expanding itself into the void of space, became aware of the mighty Xel'Naga world-ships hovering ominously above the skies of Zerus. The Xel'Naga, having kept a constant watch on the Overmind, were horrified to find that it had actually severed their psychic link, effectively hiding itself from their view."

The manual says nothing about the Overmind burying itself in the planet's crust, however, so please say the Overmind hid itself without mentioning the burrowing.

Shadow of Mar Sara, etc.
I followed the link and noticed it led to a site with many StarCraft-related games, but only "Shadow of Mar Sara" was listed. I am of the opinion that unless the game has been made by Blizzard Entertainment it shouldn't be in the StarCraft universe article. Instead, it deserves its own article. Perhpas a big article on "Games set in the StarCraft universe" can be made.

PS I edited the Shadow of Mar Sara page slightly. Kimera757 21:19, 23 December 2005 (UTC)

Redirections
I dont think that there needs to be any links that redirects you to the same page you are on. Look at this link StarCraft: Hybrid. If you were on the StarCraft universe page it would redirect you to StarCraft universe. Why do we need this? GlassDesk 14:50, 4 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:StarCraft universe


text:
Brøndby IF

Brøndbyernes Idrætsforening (, usually abbreviated to Brøndby IF, is a Danish football club based in the Copenhagen suburb of Brøndbyvester. Brøndby IF denotes the professional football section of Brøndbyernes Idrætsforening, which was founded on 3 December 1964 by a merger of the football clubs Brøndbyøster Idrætsforening (founded on 10 October 1928) and Brøndbyvester Idrætsforening (founded on 1 February 1909). The club's first team, which plays in the Danish Superliga, plays its home games at Brøndby Stadium, where its team plays in blue shorts and socks and yellow shirts.

The club has excelled both nationally and internationally, among other things by reaching the quarter-finals of the European Champions Cup in 1986-87 and the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup 1990–91. In addition, the club qualified for the UEFA Champions League in 1998 and for the UEFA Cup group stage in 2005.

Through the 1980s, Brøndby IF's role in Danish football became more prominent with, among other things, winning the Danish Superliga in 1985, 1987, 1988, 1990, and 1991. In 1996–1998, Brøndby IF won three Danish championships in a row. In 1998, the club also won the Danish Cup and thus brought home "The Double". Brøndby IF won the Danish Superliga in 2002 and the Danish Cup in 2005. The team recently won the Danish Cup in 2018 and the Danish Superliga in 2021. But in the 23/24 season they lost the last game at home to AGF and FC Midtjylland won the league.

Brøndby have a longstanding rivalry with city neighbors FC Copenhagen, against which they contest the Copenhagen Derby. The fixture is also referred to as the "Battle of Copenhagen" or the "New Firm".

Formation (1964–1977)
Brøndbyernes Idrætsforening was formed on 3 December 1964 following a merger between two local rivals – Brøndbyøster IF and Brøndbyvester IF. The merger was to be completed as a prerequisite for the construction of a new stadium by Brøndby Municipality. Brøndby IF spent its inaugural season as an amateur club in the 6th tier of the 11 Danish leagues, the Serie 1, where they finished their two first seasons in fourth place. Among the players of the early years was team captain Per Bjerregaard, a doctor who had moved to Copenhagen from Randers in Jutland, and Hans Gregersen, who was the mascot of the team until his death by syphilis in 1967. In 1967, the club hired coach Leif Andersen who instantly secured promotion to Sjællandsserien (the Zealand series). After a few mediocre years, a new coach, John Sinding, was brought in, and the club won promotion to Danmarksserien (the Denmark series).

In 1973, Per Bjerregaard stopped his active career at 27 years of age and became chairman of Brøndby; his first action was to sack head coach Sinding. In his place, Brøndby hired former professional and Denmark national team player Finn Laudrup, who took over as head coach while he still took actively part in the matches as a player. Laudrup joined his brother-in-law Ebbe Skovdahl in the Brøndby team, and he brought his two young sons Brian and Michael Laudrup with him to the club. Under Finn Laudrup's influence, the club's playing style was changed to a more attacking strategy, even though Laudrup decided to fully concentrate his efforts as a player after only a year. After winning promotion in 1974, Laudrup left Brøndby in the 3rd Division in 1976 to play for KB in the Danish top-flight league (then named the 1st Division) and a year later Michael Laudrup, the brightest talent in Danish football, followed.

Professional football (1977–1987)
In 1977, Brøndby moved up into the 2nd Division, and were one of the clubs who quickly adapted to the new times of paid football in the best Danish leagues in 1978. Per Bjerregaard persuaded Finn Laudrup into returning to Brøndby in 1981 on a professional contract, and following a season of 85 goals in 30 matches, Brøndby won promotion to the top-flight 1st Division under coach Tom Køhlert. Finn Laudrup subsequently ended his career at age 36, but in his place Michael Laudrup returned for the 1982 season, being one of ten players leaving KB that year.

Brøndby won their 1st Division debut match 7–1 over fellow promoted team B 1909 in a match which featured two goals from Michael Laudrup. He was subsequently called up for the Denmark national team, and on 15 June 1982 he became the first Brøndby player to win a cap for the national team. Brøndby finished their first 1st Division season in fourth place with Laudrup the league's third top goal scorer with 15 goals, earning him the Danish Player of the Year award. In 1983, Laudrup was sold to Juventus in the then-biggest transfer deal in Denmark, giving Brøndby the economic foundation to expand further.

After four years in the top division, Brøndby won their first Danish championship in 1985 and played its first European match when the club beat Hungarian champions Budapest Honvéd 4–1 in the 1986 European Cup. In 1986, Brøndby became the first Danish club of fully professionals when ten players were signed full-time, and the club was introduced at the Copenhagen Stock Exchange in 1987.

European success (1987–1992)
Throughout the second half of the 1980s, the team dominated the league and did not finish lower than second place until 1992. The team was built around talented Danish players, and from 1987 to 1991 players from Brøndby won the Danish Player of the Year award every year. The recipients formed the backbone of the Denmark national team which later won UEFA Euro 1992, and was the first goalscorer in the 2–0 Euro 1992 final win John "Faxe" Jensen (1987), national team captain Lars Olsen (1988), the World's Best Goalkeeper 1992 and 1993 award winner Peter Schmeichel (1989), four-time Danish Player of the Year award winner Brian Laudrup (1990) and the second goalscorer of the Euro 1992 final Kim Vilfort (1991). The club became used to winning the national title and turned its attention towards European success.

In 1990, Brøndby hired former national team captain Morten Olsen as coach, and under his reign, the 1990–91 UEFA Cup became the high point in the short history of the club. Especially the meriting wins over German sides Eintracht Frankfurt and Bayer Leverkusen, and Russian club Torpedo Moscow saw the many Danish profiles shine, and the club was minutes from qualifying for the final match of the tournament. In the 88th minute of the semi-final, however, a Rudi Völler goal denied Brøndby a trip to the UEFA Cup final in favour of Roma. Following the impressive European display by the comparatively small club, important members of the team, including Lars Olsen, top scoring striker Bent "Turbo" Christensen and star goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel, left the club.

The following year, 1992, was the worst year in the club's history as the intended takeover of the Danish bank Interbank went awry. It was expected that European Cup success would boost the Brøndby stock value in order to finance the buy, but as the club was beaten by Dynamo Kyiv in the 1991–92 European Cup qualification, the stocks never reached the value necessary to finalize the deal. It had been arranged for financial backers Hafnia Insurance Company to step in and take over the buy in case Brøndby could not finance it, but as Hafnia went bankrupt, Brøndby were forced to buy Interbank and financial collapse was imminent as club debts amassed to 400 million DKK. A long-term rescue plan was initiated to save the club, but these events influenced the performance of the team and the championship, now called the Danish Superliga, was not won again until 1996.

Rebuilding (1992–2002)
The rebuilding of the team was led by head coach Ebbe Skovdahl, who deployed the team in a 4-4-2 formation. The return to the club of Euro 1992 veterans John Jensen and captain Lars Olsen combined with the emergence of goalkeeper Mogens Krogh and striker Ebbe Sand got the club back on its feet. The rebuilding culminated in the 1995–96 UEFA Cup elimination of Liverpool, though Roma once again knocked Brøndby out. Including that year, Brøndby won three Danish championships in a row, and the next year's UEFA Cup saw one of the biggest upsets in Brøndby history, as a 3–1 home defeat to Karlsruher SC was changed to an aggregate win when Brøndby beat the team of Euro 1996 winner Thomas Häßler 5–0 away in Germany. Most importantly for the club's economy, Brøndby qualified for the new format of the European Cup, rebranded as the UEFA Champions League.

The Champions League qualification meant six guaranteed matches in a group stage with three of the biggest teams of Europe, and when they were paired with Barcelona and later finalists Manchester United and Bayern Munich, Brøndby faced very economically attractive matches. Despite winning 2–1 over Bayern in the first match of the group stage, Brøndby conceded 18 goals in 6 matches and were eliminated with a single win to their name.

Skovdahl decided to take a stab at coaching at Scottish club Aberdeen and Brøndby took a more Scandinavian approach, in search of stable success in the European competitions with Norwegian club Rosenborg the role model. The club hired Norwegian manager Åge Hareide in 2000, who proclaimed a shift in line-up to a more attacking 4–3–3 system. With Hareide came a handful of Scandinavian players of whom especially Sweden national team player Mattias Jonson became a fan favourite.

The year 2000 was also the year the club finalized a planned expansion of Brøndby Stadion from a 20,000 to a 29,000 capacity, making it the second largest stadium in Denmark, only trailing the Parken Stadium of F.C. Copenhagen. At the cost of 250 million DKK, the vast expenditure was seen as a sign that the club was out of its former financial crisis. The building project was finalized in Autumn 2000, and on 22 October, 28,416 spectators saw Brøndby beat Akademisk Boldklub 4–2 in the opening match of the rebuilt stadium.

Hareide's visions of a 4–3–3 system never worked out, and the team soon returned to the well-known 4–4–2 setup. As he slowly lost hold of a ten-point lead to rivals F.C. Copenhagen, gained in a great first half of the 2001–02 Superliga season, Hareide took his leave in spring 2002 before the last matches of the season. He was replaced by youth team coach Tom Køhlert, who, though reluctant to take the job, gave first team debuts to the top youth team players, most notably Thomas Kahlenberg, who helped the club narrowly secure the championship win on goal difference.

The Laudrup years (2002–2006)
In the 2002–03 pre-season, Brøndby announced that Danish icon Michael Laudrup was taking the manager seat in his old club with John Jensen, also a club legend, as his assistant. In their first season, there were massive cuts from the very large squad; ten players were put in the reserves squad or sold and a talent squad was established. The club was to rely even more home grown players as Brøndby was already famous for developing very talented players. In the process, Laudrup told several players to find new clubs as he thought they would not fit in the playing style he wanted to implement.

During the Laudrup era, Brøndby won the Double in 2005. The club was relatively successful in the European competitions as Schalke 04 was beaten 2–1 in the 2003–04 UEFA Cup but was later beaten by Laudrup's former club Barcelona, 0–1.

In May 2006, it was announced that Laudrup and Jensen could not agree with the board of Brøndby regarding an extension of their contracts, and the duo left the club.

Years of crisis (2006–2013)
The two were replaced by Dutch coach René Meulensteen, who had a rough start in charge of the first team. Together with newly appointed Anders Bjerregaard – son of director Per Bjerregaard – Meulensteen bought a number of questionable players in the final days of the summer transfer window. In the first matches, the new coach struggled with injuries among the key players and the team had problems living up to the expectations.

Meulensteen resigned after six months, leaving Brøndby in seventh position halfway through the 2006–07 Superliga. The official explanation for his departure was that his family could not settle in Denmark, but soon after, the former coach revealed major infrastructural problems in the club's organization, calling the club "a very sick patient requiring immediate attention", as well as cliques inside the first team. In order to solve the clique problems, he had gone to director Per Bjerregaard to fire three key players – Marcus Lantz, Thomas Rytter and one club man Per Nielsen – in order to reestablish the balance in the first team squad, a demand Danish football experts later described as the quickest way of getting sacked.

Tom Køhlert took the managerial reins once more, this time as a permanent solution on a two-and-a-half-year contract.

After losing 2–4 to Horsens on 26 August, their 23rd consecutive away match without a victory, the team was met by approximately 200 furious fans and cries like "die mercenaries" and "we are Brøndby, who are you?" on their return to Brøndby.

On 31 August 2007, Per Bjerregaard announced that he resigned from the position as director of Brøndby IF, and instead took over as chairman of the board. Shortly after his resignation, Peter Schmeichel announced that he was ready to purchase Brøndby and become a director. The announcement divided the fans. Some praised the former player for trying to save the club, while others criticized him for bringing investor Aldo Petersen along, a keen supporter and former stockholder of rivals F.C. Copenhagen. Schmeichel's offer, however, was rejected. On 1 April 2008, Hermann Haraldsson was appointed to the vacant position.

Following a disappointing beginning of the 2007–08 Superliga season with only five points gained from seven matches, manager Tom Køhlert made it clear in August 2007 that the Danish Cup now had a higher priority for the club. The change of priorities was successful, and Brøndby won their first domestic title in almost three years on 1 May 2008 when Esbjerg were defeated 3–2 in the final of the 2007–08 Danish Cup. Soon after, manager Køhlert declared his job complete, prompting club chairman Bjerregaard to search for his replacement. On 16 June 2008, the club announced the appointment of former player and head coach of Horsens, Kent Nielsen. Nielsen took charge of the first team on 1 January 2009. Former legendary coach Køhlert in the meantime led Brøndby to the first place, where they stayed until Nielsen arrived.

On 1 July 2008, KasiGroup replaced Codan as the main sponsor of the club. The partnership involved a cooperation with UNICEF, making Brøndby the third club in Europe next to Barcelona and Swedish side Hammarby to wear the UNICEF logo on their shirts. Furthermore, KasiGroup entered a sponsorship for the stadium and promised substantial funds for strengthening the first-team squad. During the 2008 summer transfer window, this contributed to Brøndby signing five new players with national team experience in order to strengthen the team.

On 30 December 2009, KasiGroup owner Jesper Nielsen got in trouble with Brøndby and refused to pay the remainder of the pledged money. On 31 August 2012, Brøndby told the Danish media B.T. that KasiGroup owed the club more than DKK 45 million (€6,000,000 / £5,000,000). Nielsen told B.T. that he could recognize the amount but that his lawyer thought they could make a settlement at a much lower figure than the 45 million. Nielsen was the owner of AG København, which went bankrupt on 31 July 2012. He was thus chased both by Brøndby and the Danish tax authorities, and a lawsuit followed. The case came to a close years later, in 2018, when Brøndby IF and Nielsen reached a multi-million Danish kroner settlement depending on Nielsen's active arbitration case against jewellery manufacturer Pandora.

Thomas Frank and "Oscar-gate" (2013–2016)
In May 2013, the club was again close to bankruptcy, but was taken over and saved by a small group of investors led by Ole Abildgaard and Aldo Pedersen. On 10 April 2014, the new main investor, Jan Bech Andersen, took over as chairman and replaced the board with his own team. On 14 July 2014, the club announced they had signed a one-year contract with Danish betting company Bet25 as their main sponsor, with the option to extend the contract for an additional two years. The deal was said to be worth "a significant amount in the million Danish kroner range". The deal includes a strategic partnership between Brøndby and Bet25. As part of the contract, Danish telecommunications company TDC A/S (which owns 51% of Bet25), installed Wi-Fi in Brøndby Stadion in December 2014. On 15 January 2015, it was announced Brøndby and Bet25 extended their contract until summer 2017.

In 2016, Thomas Frank announced his resignation as Brøndby IF manager after chairman Jan Bech Andersen had discredited him on an online chat-forum under the name of "Oscar", the case being referred to as "Oscar-gate" by the media. Bech Andersen stepped down as chairman after the incident but continued as board member.

Zorniger and the German years (2016–2019)
In April 2016, the board of directors presented Strategi 6.4 (Strategy 6.4), a plan for the future course of the club. The main value presented was "community" ("fællesskab"), and a vision for Brøndby IF was also laid out. Between 2016 and 2019, the club was to make the Superliga championship playoff every year, become more transparent and reach economic viability by the end of the period. Finally, between 2020 and 2023, Brøndby was to reach European football every season and continue to improve in areas of community, transparency and economy. In addition, the team should strive for a tactic with strong pressing and return to having one of the best youth academies in Denmark again.

On 17 May 2016, Brøndby named German coach Alexander Zorniger as their new head coach. His first two seasons as head coach resulted in two second-place league finishes and a Danish Cup win. The focal point of Brøndby under Zorniger was an extreme form of the German Gegenpressing tactic, popularly translated to overfaldsfodbold (assault football) in Denmark; a style which proved to be a success. During the 2017–18 season, Brøndby mounted an eventful title charge to eventually finish second behind FC Midtjylland after being top of the table in the penultimate round. Zorniger was sacked in February 2019, following a poor start to the new campaign. His position had earlier been called into question after a match against Hobro IK in December 2018, where Brøndby's starting lineup featured no Danes. After the match, Zorniger criticised the Brøndby youth department for lacking quality and the Danish mentality for being poor. Martin Retov and Matthias Jaissle, former assistants under Zorniger, were appointed as caretaker managers the next day.

Frederiksen, "CV" and Superliga Champions (2019–2022)
In June 2019, former Denmark national U21 coach, Niels Frederiksen, was presented as the new head coach of Brøndby IF. A month later, Carsten "CV" Jensen was appointed as Director of Football in Brøndby, and became the person responsible for meeting the requirements of implementing Strategi 6.4. In Frederiksen's first season, Brøndby ended in fourth place of the league table, as the team failed to reach qualification to the Europa League. However, the team was largely seen to be in a rebuilding phase, with the departures of important first-team player such as Kamil Wilczek, Dominik Kaiser and Hany Mukhtar in the January transfer window, and the emergence of younger players such as Morten Frendrup, Jesper Lindstrøm and Anis Ben Slimane in the starting lineup.

On 24 May 2021, Brøndby won its first Danish league title in 16 years with a 2–0 win over Nordsjælland. Brøndby finished the season ahead of Midtjylland and arch-rival FC Copenhagen.

Global Football Holdings ownership (2022–present)
In August 2022, chairman of the club Jan Bech Andersen sold over half of his shares to Global Football Holdings (GFH), an American sports investment company owned by David Blitzer. Andersen continued as chairman of the board. On 14 November, Frederiksen was dismissed from his position after Brøndby ended 2022 in 10th place in the league table. In January 2023, Brøndby announced Jesper Sørensen, formerly Frederiksen's assistant coach, as their new head coach. On the final matchday of the championship round in the 2023–24 season, Brøndby lost 3–2 at home against AGF, which resulted in them losing the title to Midtjylland by just one point.

Stadium
Brøndby have always played their matches at Brøndby Stadion. A part of the merging of Brøndbyvester IF and Brøndbyøster IF was a promise by the Brøndby municipality mayor to build a ground, and in 1965 it was ready for the club to play in. Through the first years in the secondary Danish leagues, the stadium was little more than a grass field with an athletics track circling the field of play. It was not until 1978 that the main stand was built, sporting a capacity of 1,200 seated spectators. As newly promoted to the top Danish league in 1982, concrete terraces opposite the main stand were constructed, allowing for a crowd of 5,000 additional people. Following the first years of success in the top-flight, the athletic track was discarded and a further 2,000 seats were installed on top of the concrete stands from 1989 to 1990.

When Brøndby played matches against other successful European teams in the 1990–91 UEFA Cup, the then capacity of up to 10,000 spectators was quickly dwarfed by the ticket interest. As the Denmark national stadium Idrætsparken in Copenhagen was being rebuilt, the club found no other way to host the matches but to get a dispensation to use scaffolding stands, which boosted the stadium capacity to 18,000 in the semi-final leg of the tournament, a 0–0 draw with Roma. Following the European adventure, the club inaugurated its end stands in 1992, allowing for a total of 22,000 spectators.

In May 1998, the club bought Brøndby Stadion from the Brøndby municipality for 23.5 million DKK and immediately spent double that amount to modernize the stadium. When the club qualified for the 1998–99 UEFA Champions League, the stadium was still under construction and the matches were moved to archrival F.C. Copenhagen's Parken Stadium. In 2000, all stands were standardized and built to the same height, allowing for crowds of 29,000 at domestic matches and 22,000 in the European matches, which allow only all-seated crowds. Since then, the stadium has seen a number of lesser or larger infrastructural and technical enhancements, and the February 2004 European match against Barcelona was played in front of a 26,031-spectator crowd.

Support
Brøndby are the most widely popular football club in Denmark, with a 2015 study having showed that Brøndby matches have by far the most viewers, both in terms of attendance and TV ratings, with Brøndby's rivals FC Copenhagen coming in second. Copenhagen have in recent years surpassed Brøndby in terms of attendance by several thousands.

Brøndby Support is the official fanclub of Brøndby IF. It was founded in 1993 and has approximately 12,000 members.

Fanafdelingen is in some ways the spiritual successor to Brøndby Supporters Trust, which was a supporters trust with the dedicated goal of gaining influence in the club. Brøndby Supporters Trust managed to gain a board seat in the professional club in 2013. In 2018 BST was given the task of organising the groups of Brøndby Supporters Trust, Alpha Brøndby, Brøndby Support and Svinget under a common umbrella organisation. As a result of this, Fanafdelingen was born. Fanafdelingen, among other things, organises a yearly election for the board seat for the fan representative in the club.

Brøndby is also renowned for its ultra fanscene. The most prominent group is Alpha. Founded in 2006, the group is placed in the centre of the Southside Stand and are the main organizers of songs, flags, banners and tifo. Other prominent groups are Suburban Casuals, Southside United, Svinget, Deling 43 and Fri Sport.

Honours

 * Danish Football Championship
 * Winners (11): 1985, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2004–05, 2020–21
 * Runner–up (12): 1986, 1989, 1994–95, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2023–24
 * Danish Cup
 * Winners (7): 1988–89, 1993–94, 1997–98, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2007–08, 2017–18
 * Runner–up (4): 1987–88, 1995–96, 2016–17, 2018–19
 * Danish League Cup
 * Winners (2): 2005, 2006
 * Danish Super Cup
 * Winners (4): 1994, 1996, 1997, 2002
 * Royal League (3 participations)
 * Winners: 2006–07
 * Denmark Series (fourth tier)
 * Group winners: 1974 (g1)
 * Zealand Series (fifth tier)
 * Winners: 1971

Players

 * See also Brøndby IF players

More than 500 players have represented Brøndby in the Danish leagues, cups and the European competitions since 1964.

Player of the year
Starting from 1980, the club has annually named its player of the year. Players still playing for the club are marked in bold:

 * 1980: 🇩🇰 Brian Chrøis
 * 1981: 🇩🇰 Ole Østergaard
 * 1982: 🇩🇰 Michael Laudrup
 * 1983: 🇩🇰 John Widell
 * 1984: 🇩🇰 Bjarne Jensen
 * 1985: 🇩🇰 Claus Nielsen
 * 1986: 🇩🇰 Ole Madsen
 * 1987: 🇩🇰 Lars Olsen
 * 1988: 🇩🇰 Bjarne Jensen (2)
 * 1989: 🇩🇰 Henrik Jensen
 * 1990: 🇩🇰 Peter Schmeichel
 * 1991: 🇩🇰 Kim Vilfort
 * 1992: 🇳🇬 Uche Okechukwu
 * 1993: 🇩🇰 Jes Høgh
 * 1994: 🇩🇰 Ole Bjur
 * 1995: 🇩🇰 Allan Nielsen
 * 1996: 🇩🇰 Søren Colding
 * 1997: 🇩🇰 Ebbe Sand
 * 1998: 🇩🇰 Kim Daugaard
 * 1999: 🇩🇰 Mogens Krogh
 * 2000: 🇩🇰 Dan Anton Johansen
 * 2001: 🇸🇪 Krister Nordin
 * 2002: 🇱🇹 Aurelijus Skarbalius
 * 2003: 🇩🇰 Per Nielsen
 * 2004: 🇩🇰 Martin Retov
 * 2005: 🇸🇪 Johan Elmander
 * 2006: 🇩🇰 Per Nielsen (2)
 * 2007: 🏴 Mark Howard
 * 2008: 🇩🇰 Thomas Rasmussen
 * 2009: 🇩🇰 Stephan Andersen
 * 2010: 🇩🇰 Michael Krohn-Dehli
 * 2011: 🇩🇰 Michael Krohn-Dehli (2)
 * 2012: 🇩🇰 Mike Jensen
 * 2013: 🇩🇰 Simon Makienok
 * 2014: 🇫🇮 Lukas Hradecky
 * 2015: 🇩🇰 Riza Durmisi
 * 2016: 🇩🇰 Frederik Rønnow
 * 2017: 🇩🇰 Christian Nørgaard
 * 2018: 🇵🇱 Kamil Wilczek
 * 2019: 🇵🇱 Kamil Wilczek (2)
 * 2020: 🇩🇰 Andreas Maxsø
 * 2021: 🇩🇰 Mikael Uhre
 * 2022: 🇩🇰 Mads Hermansen
 * 2023: 🇩🇰 Nicolai Vallys

Wall of Honour
Since Michael Laudrup became the first player to represent Brøndby on the Denmark national team in June 1982, more than 80 players have donned the national team jersey of their respective countries. Apart from Denmark, players from Nigeria, Norway, Lithuania, Burkina Faso, Sweden, Faroe Islands, Morocco, Iceland, Zambia, Australia, Gambia, United States, Finland, North Macedonia, South Africa, Costa Rica, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Kosovo, South Korea, Tunisia and Paraguay have represented their countries. The players are displayed on the "Wall of Honour", according to their year of national team debut. Players still playing for the club are marked in bold:

 * 1980s
 * 🇩🇰 Michael Laudrup (1982)
 * 🇩🇰 Ole Madsen (1983)
 * 🇩🇰 Brian Chrøis (1983)
 * 🇩🇰 Ole Østergaard (1983)
 * 🇩🇰 Lars Lunde (1983)
 * 🇩🇰 Kim Christofte (1984)
 * 🇩🇰 John Helt (1985)
 * 🇩🇰 Lars Olsen (1986)
 * 🇩🇰 John "Faxe" Jensen (1986)
 * 🇩🇰 Claus Nielsen (1986)
 * 🇩🇰 Kim Vilfort (1987)
 * 🇩🇰 Per Steffensen (1987)
 * 🇩🇰 Brian Laudrup (1987)
 * 🇩🇰 Kent Nielsen (1987)
 * 🇩🇰 Peter Schmeichel (1987)
 * 🇩🇰 Bjarne Jensen (1988)
 * 🇩🇰 Jan Bartram (1988)
 * 🇩🇰 Bent "Turbo" Christensen (1989)
 * 🇩🇰 Per Frimann (1989)

 * 1990s:
 * 🇩🇰 Erik Rasmussen (1990)
 * 🇳🇬 Uche Okechukwu (1990)
 * 🇳🇬 Friday Elahor (1990)
 * 🇩🇰 Brian Jensen (1991)
 * 🇩🇰 Frank Pingel (1991)
 * 🇩🇰 Mogens Krogh (1992)
 * 🇩🇰 Marc Rieper (1992)
 * 🇩🇰 Mark Strudal (1993)
 * 🇩🇰 Jes Høgh (1993)
 * 🇳🇴 Dan Eggen (1993)
 * 🇩🇰 Jesper Kristensen (1994)
 * 🇩🇰 Jens Risager (1994)
 * 🇩🇰 Bo Hansen (1995)
 * 🇩🇰 Allan Nielsen (1995)
 * 🇩🇰 Peter Møller (1996)
 * 🇩🇰 Ole Bjur (1996)
 * 🇩🇰 Søren Colding (1996)
 * 🇱🇹 Aurelijus Skarbalius (1996)
 * 🇩🇰 Ebbe Sand (1998)
 * 🇧🇫 Oumar Barro (1999)

 * 2000s:
 * 🇸🇪 Magnus Svensson (2000)
 * 🇸🇪 Mattias Jonson (2000)
 * 🇩🇰 Peter Madsen (2001)
 * 🇩🇰 Mads Jørgensen (2001)
 * 🇩🇰 Morten Wieghorst (2002)
 * 🇩🇰 Per Nielsen (2002)
 * 🇫🇴 Jón Rói Jacobsen (2003)
 * 🇩🇰 Thomas Kahlenberg (2003)
 * 🇸🇪 Andreas Jakobsson (2003)
 * 🇲🇦 Karim Zaza (2004)
 * 🇩🇰 Asbjørn Sennels (2004)
 * 🇩🇰 Martin Retov (2004)
 * 🇩🇰 Morten Skoubo (2004)
 * 🇸🇪 Johan Elmander (2004)
 * 🇩🇰 Daniel Agger (2005)
 * 🇮🇸 Hannes Sigurðsson (2006)
 * 🇸🇪 Martin Ericsson (2006)
 * 🇿🇲 Chris Katongo (2007)
 * 🇮🇸 Stefán Gíslason (2007)
 * 🇸🇪 Samuel Holmén (2008)
 * 🇩🇰 Thomas Rasmussen (2008)
 * 🇩🇰 Anders Randrup (2008)
 * 🇦🇺 David Williams (2008)
 * 🇸🇪 Max von Schlebrügge (2008)
 * 🇩🇰 Stephan Andersen (2008)
 * 🇬🇲 Ousman Jallow (2008)
 * 🇩🇰 Michael Krohn-Dehli (2008)
 * 🇩🇰 Morten "Duncan" Rasmussen (2008)
 * 🇸🇪 Mikael Nilsson (2009)
 * 🇩🇰 Martin Bernburg (2009)

 * 2010s:
 * 🇩🇰 Mike Jensen (2010)
 * 🇩🇰 Daniel Wass (2011)
 * 🇦🇺 Brent McGrath (2011)
 * 🇺🇸 Clarence Goodson (2011)
 * 🇩🇰 Dennis Rommedahl (2011)
 * 🇫🇴 René Joensen (2012)
 * 🇩🇰 Simon Makienok (2013)
 * 🇫🇮 Lukáš Hrádecký (2013)
 * 🇲🇰 Ferhan Hasani (2014)
 * 🇵🇾 José Ariel Núñez (2014)
 * 🇫🇮 Teemu Pukki (2014)
 * 🇮🇸 Hólmbert Friðjónsson (2015)
 * 🇿🇦 Lebogang Phiri (2015)
 * 🇩🇰 Riza Durmisi (2015)
 * 🇩🇰 Frederik Rønnow (2016)
 * 🇨🇷 Marco Ureña (2016)
 * 🇵🇱 Kamil Wilczek (2016)
 * 🇰🇷 Yun Suk-young (2017)
 * 🇫🇮 Paulus Arajuuri (2017)
 * 🇭🇺 Zsolt Kalmár (2017)
 * 🇨🇿 Jan Kliment (2017)
 * Besar Halimi (2017)
 * 🇮🇸 Hjörtur Hermannsson (2017)
 * 🇸🇪 Johan Larsson (2018)
 * 🇸🇪 Simon Tibbling (2019)

 * 2020s:
 * 🇸🇪 Simon Hedlund (2020)
 * 🇹🇳 Anis Ben Slimane (2020)
 * Blás Riveros (2020)
 * 🇩🇰Jesper Lindstrøm (2020)
 * 🇩🇰Andreas Maxsø (2020)
 * 🇩🇰 Mikael Uhre (2021)
 * 🇳🇿 Joe Bell (2022)
 * 🇳🇴 Ohikhuaeme Omoijuanfo (2022)
 * 🇩🇰 Nicolai Vallys (2023)
 * 🇦🇹 Patrick Pentz (2024)
 * 🇯🇵 Yuito Suzuki (2024)

Senior management

 * Updated 23 September 2019

Managerial history
The person responsible for direction of the first senior team has traditionally been given the title of head coach/trainer.

 * † Managers with this symbol in the "Name" column are italicised to denote caretaker appointments.
 * ‡ Persons with this symbol in the "Name" column denote status as a playing head coach/trainer.

Records

 * Home victory, Danish Superliga: 7–0 vs. Herfølge, 11 July 2005
 * Away victory, Danish Superliga: 7–0 vs. Esbjerg, 26 August 2001; 7–0 vs. AGF, 21 August 2016
 * Home loss, Danish Superliga: 1–6 vs. Esbjerg, 14 March 2004
 * Away Loss, Danish Superliga: 0–5 vs. Midtjylland, 29 July 2007
 * Biggest win, European match 9–0 vs. Juvenes/Dogana, 2 July 2015
 * Biggest Loss, European match 0–5 vs. PAOK, 20 August 2015; 0–5 vs. Manchester United, 4 November 1998
 * Highest attendance, Brøndby Stadion: 31,508 vs. Copenhagen, 18 June 2003
 * Highest average home attendance, season: 18,204, 2004–05
 * Most appearances, European matches: 70, Per Nielsen
 * Most appearances, total: 556, Bjarne Jensen
 * Most goals scored, season, Danish Superliga: 28, Ebbe Sand 1997–98
 * Most goals scored, Danish Superliga: 71, Kamil Wilczek
 * Most goals scored, European matches: 12, Ruben Bagger
 * Most goals scored, total: 121, Kim Vilfort

Recent history

 * {|class="wikitable"

! Season ! ! Pos. ! Pl. ! W ! D ! L ! GS ! GA ! P !Cup !Europe
 * - style="background:#efefef;"
 * 1995–96
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:gold;"|1
 * align=right|33||align=right|20||align=right|7||align=right|6
 * align=right|71||align=right|32||align=right|67
 * Runner-Up
 * Third Round UEFA Cup
 * 1996–97
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:gold;"|1
 * align=right|33||align=right|20||align=right|8||align=right|5
 * align=right|57||align=right|38||align=right|68
 * Semi-Finals
 * Quarter-Finals UEFA Cup
 * 1997–98
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:gold;"|1
 * align=right|33||align=right|24||align=right|4||align=right|5
 * align=right|81||align=right|33||align=right|76
 * Winners
 * First Round UEFA Cup
 * 1998–99
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:silver;"|2
 * align=right|33||align=right|19||align=right|4||align=right|10
 * align=right|73||align=right|37||align=right|61
 * Semi-Finals
 * Group Stage UEFA Champions League
 * 1999–00
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:silver;"|2
 * align=right|33||align=right|15||align=right|9||align=right|9
 * align=right|56||align=right|37||align=right|54
 * Semi-Finals
 * Third Qualifying Round UEFA Champions League/First Round UEFA Cup
 * 2000–01
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:silver;"|2
 * align=right|33||align=right|17||align=right|7||align=right|9
 * align=right|71||align=right|42||align=right|58
 * Quarter-Finals
 * First Round UEFA Cup
 * 2001–02
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:gold;"|1
 * align=right|33||align=right|20||align=right|9||align=right|4
 * align=right|74||align=right|28||align=right|58
 * 5th Round
 * Third Round UEFA Cup
 * 2002–03
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:silver;"|2
 * align=right|33||align=right|17||align=right|11||align=right|7
 * align=right|51||align=right|32||align=right|56
 * Winners
 * First Round UEFA Cup
 * 2003–04
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:silver;"|2
 * align=right|33||align=right|20||align=right|7||align=right|6
 * align=right|55||align=right|29||align=right|67
 * Semi-Finals
 * Third Round UEFA Cup
 * 2004–05
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:gold;"|1
 * align=right|33||align=right|20||align=right|9||align=right|4
 * align=right|61||align=right|23||align=right|69
 * Winners
 * Second Qualifying Round UEFA Cup
 * 2005–06
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:silver;"|2
 * align=right|33||align=right|21||align=right|4||align=right|8
 * align=right|60||align=right|32||align=right|67
 * Semi-Finals
 * Third Qualifying Round UEFA Champions League/Group Stage UEFA Cup
 * 2006–07
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:;"|6
 * align=right|33||align=right|13||align=right|10||align=right|10
 * align=right|50||align=right|38||align=right|49
 * Fourth Round
 * First Round UEFA Cup
 * 2007–08
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:;"|8
 * align=right|33||align=right|11||align=right|10||align=right|12
 * align=right|44||align=right|44||align=right|43
 * Winners
 * First Round UEFA Cup
 * 2008–09
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:#c96;"|3
 * align=right|33||align=right|21||align=right|5||align=right|7
 * align=right|55||align=right|31||align=right|68
 * Semi-Finals
 * First Round UEFA Cup
 * 2009–10
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:#c96;"|3
 * align=right|33||align=right|15||align=right|7||align=right|11
 * align=right|57||align=right|50||align=right|52
 * Fourth Round
 * Playoff Round UEFA Europa League
 * 2010–11
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:#c96;"|3
 * align=right|33||align=right|9||align=right|9||align=right|15
 * align=right|35||align=right|46||align=right|36
 * Third Round
 * Playoff Round UEFA Europa League
 * 2011–12
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:;"|9
 * align=right|33||align=right|13||align=right|12||align=right|8
 * align=right|52||align=right|39||align=right|51
 * Fourth Round
 * Third Qualifying Round UEFA Europa League
 * 2012–13
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:;"|9
 * align=right|33||align=right|9||align=right|12||align=right|12
 * align=right|39||align=right|45||align=right|39
 * Semi-Finals
 * 2013–14
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:;"|4
 * align=right|33||align=right|13||align=right|13||align=right|7
 * align=right|47||align=right|38||align=right|52
 * Second Round
 * Third Qualifying Round Europa League
 * 2014–15
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:#c96;"|3
 * align=right|33||align=right|16||align=right|7||align=right|10
 * align=right|43||align=right|29||align=right|55
 * Quarter-Finals
 * Playoff Round Europa League
 * 2015–16
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:;"|4
 * align=right|33||align=right|16||align=right|6||align=right|11
 * align=right|43||align=right|37||align=right|54
 * Semi-Finals
 * Playoff Round Europa League
 * 2016–17
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:silver;"|2
 * align=right|36||align=right|18||align=right|8||align=right|10
 * align=right|62||align=right|40||align=right|62
 * Runner-Up
 * Second Qualifying Round Europa League
 * 2017–18
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:silver;"|2
 * align=right|36||align=right|24||align=right|9||align=right|3
 * align=right|82||align=right|37||align=right|81
 * Winners
 * Third Qualifying Round Europa League
 * 2018–19
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:;"|4
 * align=right|36||align=right|15||align=right|7||align=right|14
 * align=right|60||align=right|52||align=right|52
 * Runner-Up
 * Playoff Round Europa League
 * 2019–20
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:;"|4
 * align=right|36||align=right|16||align=right|8||align=right|12
 * align=right|56||align=right|42||align=right|56
 * Quarter-Finals
 * Third Qualifying Round Europa League
 * 2020–21
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:gold;"|1
 * align=right|32||align=right|19||align=right|4||align=right|9
 * align=right|58||align=right|38||align=right|61
 * Fourth Round
 * 2021–22
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:;"|4
 * align=right|32||align=right|13||align=right|9||align=right|10
 * align=right|40||align=right|41||align=right|48
 * Quarter-Finals
 * Europa League Group Stage
 * 2022–23
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:;"|5
 * align=right|32||align=right|12||align=right|8||align=right|12
 * align=right|48||align=right|52||align=right|44
 * Third Round
 * Third Qualifying Round, UEFA Europa Conference League
 * 2023–24
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:silver;"|2
 * align=right|32||align=right|18||align=right|8||align=right|6
 * align=right|60||align=right|35||align=right|62
 * Quarter-Finals
 * }
 * 2020–21
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:gold;"|1
 * align=right|32||align=right|19||align=right|4||align=right|9
 * align=right|58||align=right|38||align=right|61
 * Fourth Round
 * 2021–22
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:;"|4
 * align=right|32||align=right|13||align=right|9||align=right|10
 * align=right|40||align=right|41||align=right|48
 * Quarter-Finals
 * Europa League Group Stage
 * 2022–23
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:;"|5
 * align=right|32||align=right|12||align=right|8||align=right|12
 * align=right|48||align=right|52||align=right|44
 * Third Round
 * Third Qualifying Round, UEFA Europa Conference League
 * 2023–24
 * SL
 * style="text-align:right; background:silver;"|2
 * align=right|32||align=right|18||align=right|8||align=right|6
 * align=right|60||align=right|35||align=right|62
 * Quarter-Finals
 * }
 * style="text-align:right; background:silver;"|2
 * align=right|32||align=right|18||align=right|8||align=right|6
 * align=right|60||align=right|35||align=right|62
 * Quarter-Finals
 * }
 * }

Brøndby in European competitions
Brøndby's first competitive European match was on 17 September 1986 in the 1986–87 European Cup, defeating Budapest Honvéd 4–1 and later on Dynamo Berlin en route to a spot in the quarter-finals, where they lost to Porto. Since then, the club has been a regular fixture in European competitions, and reached the group stages of the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League several times. They also achieved one European semi-final in 1991, as well as another European quarter-final in 1997.

title: Brøndby IF


text:
Wikipedia:WikiProject Business/BEF

The Business and Economics Forum is a place where Wikipedia contributors with an interest in business or economics can "meet" and discuss issues of importance to the business and economics section of the encyclopedia. Our mission is to improve the quality of the business and economics section, make decisions on policies relevant to this section, encourage active participation by as many contributors as possible, and build a vibrant community with a pool of expertise that will match any organization, corporate or university.

If you have an interest in these matters, please contribute to the forum, and don't forget to bookmark this page so you can watch for future discussions.

Some of our best : Featured articles
The overall Wikipedia community has recognized some of our articles as worthy of being feature articles. They are:

In economics:
 * Economics
 * Euro
 * Labour economics
 * London congestion charge
 * Supply and demand

In Finance:

(none yet) In Marketing:
 * Billboard (advertising)

In Human Resource Management:

(none yet)

In Management In Accounting:
 * Strategic management

(none yet) In Information Technology Management: In International Trade and International Economics:
 * Spamming

In Business Law In Production and Manufacturing:
 * Gold Standard
 * Copyright
 * Negligence

(none yet)

In Business Ethics, Political Economy, and Philosophy of Business/Economics:

(none yet)

Macro-economic overviews
 * Economy of Africa
 * Economy of the Republic of Ireland

Almost our best : Potential feature articles
If you know of an article that you feel could become a feature article in the future, list it below. Give a brief explanation of why you think it deserves this status. If you agree or disagree, your comments are welcome here. Detailed suggestions would be better put on the article's talk page. When we feel they are ready, we can list them on Featured article candidates.

 * Behavioral Finance (and behavioral economics)

I decided to post this here before subjecting it to the feature article review panel :) I'm fairly new to Wikipedia so I'm not exactly sure it's suitable. I didn't create the page, but I expanded it greatly from Pgreenfinch's original article.Psychobabble

 * Supply and demand - (now featured. discussion archived on the talk page)

 * Strategic management - (now featured. discussion archived on the talk page)

 * Model (economics) - A very complete article on an often overlooked facet of economics: the conclusion drawn can be no better than the model and the assumptions used in that model. It may be too difficult for the average reader, but because of its subject, it may not be possible to fully avoid that. -  Taxman 23:42, Sep 15, 2004 (UTC)
 * This is a good article. I just have two comments. Can we add more "types" of economic models to make the listing more complete? Also, can we make it more understandable to a non-economist? mydogategodshat 18:47, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Well what types did you have in mind that are not discussed? What portions do you think could be simplified for the non-economist without sacrificing clarity?  As I mentioned this is an article that after the intro we can reasonably assume the reader must already have an understanding of the basic economic fundamentals. - Taxman 16:38, Oct 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * I am not particularly good at modeling theory, but I was wondering where partial equilibrium models, general equalibrium models, dynamic models, comparative static models, matrix models (input-output models, Physiocratic models), game theory, econometric models, complexity models, chaos theory models, and behavioural economics models fit in the descibed categorization scheme? Should these be mentioned in the "Types of models" section? I noticed that the article now states that it is not attempting to give a complete taxonomy of economic models: Stating the scope and limitations like this is an improvement. mydogategodshat 17:53, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Bretton Woods system -- an important article to bring up to featured status. Unfortunately, it still has to be finished. I've been fairly busy lately, so I may still take too long. So it'll be great if someone gets around to this before I do. 172 07:03, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * This article definitely looks like a feature candidate now. --Vikingstad June 30, 2005 20:00 (UTC)

Not some of our best : Peer review needed
If you have come across Wikipedia business or economics articles that don't seem quite right, but are outside your area of expertise, list them here. Briefly explain why you have listed them. If you have expertise in any of the articles listed here, please help us by fixing them.

 * Office politics Some of this sounds unsubstantiated. Can someone with an HR background check this.
 * US generally accepted accounting principles: surprisingly meager. You'd never know there were any current controversies about this, or even that there ever had been.
 * International dollar - this smells like a hoax to me, but I'm not sure.
 * Social Security (United States) With the political debate heating up, and a number of unsubstantiated assertions being floated about the program, this article is going to need serious attention.
 * Purchasing power parity - important subject with somewhat incoherant discussion. Needs someone with a background in macroeconomics.
 * It's all about purchasing power adjustments to GDP figures - nothing to do with exchange rate determination or relative inflation rates. Some real ranting going on here.

 * Open market operations - please check discussion on doing omo's with gold and banknotes!

Filling in the gaps : Articles needed
If you know of important business or economics topics that still don't have articles devoted to them, add them to this list. If you are able to, please create any of these articles. Any new articles should be added to one of the lists at the end of this page (so that people can find the article).

In Economics:
 * Rethinking Money and Banking, questioning assumptions and practices (issueing money as debt, charging compound interest etc)
 * Mathematical economics topics like slutsky equation, comparative statics, Envelope theorem, ...
 * Misc special topics like household production functions, shipping the good apples out, tenant farming vs renting land vs paying wage, ...
 * An overview or simply a list of economic theories in chronological order for easy reference
 * Cost theory
 * Exhange rate manipulation
 * Long-run cost and production functions
 * spatial economics
 * transaction cost analysis
 * optimum factor allocation

In Finance: In Marketing:
 * Chart patterns
 * equity investment strategies
 * strategies for mature and declining markets
 * innovation strategies
 * growth strategies
 * advertising metrics
 * online marketing metrics
 * gaps analysis
 * complaints handling
 * sales force management
 * implementation and control

In Management: In Human Resource Management:
 * The One Minute Manager

In Accounting: In Information Technology Management: In International Trade and Economics: In Business Law: In Production and Manufacturing: In Business Ethics, Political Economy and Philosophy of Business/Economics:
 * offer curve
 * lot size
 * virtual prototyping
 * Enlightened self-interest

Filling out : Stubs to be expanded
There are many stub articles that need to be expanded, too many to be listed here for now. But please add to any stub article you come across : every sentence helps.

Accounting

 * Controller - Also added a link to comptroller, similar and with a bit more information.

Finance
 * Foreign exchange market
 * Herstatt Bank
 * Settlement Risk or Herstatt Risk

Leaving Encyclopedia Britannica in the dust : Improving Wikipedia
If you have suggestions on how we can improve the business and economics section of Wikipedia, mention them here. Please be specific. Comments about each suggestion are also welcome. Please, no general rants or raves.

 * I would like to see better referencing in the articles. In general, I would like to see each article have a minimum of 2 Web references, 2 book references, and 2 academic journal reference. I would also like to see most of these references cited in the main body of the text. mydogategodshat 18:40, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Some of the topics that I would like probably don't have 2 web references. But the 2 journal articles and 2 book refences should be easy to get for any reasonable topic.  Of course, if wikipedia is the only internet reference, then it will immedially get the attention of economists searching for the topic. Jrincayc 02:29, 20 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I would strongly second that, Mydogategodshat, at least for more references in general. I don't have access to journal articles that I am aware of, but books I can help with.  Inline citations in bibliography style (Smith, 1868) will greatly improve the articles and their acceptance as well researched. We have to do better than the average Wikipedia article on citations if we want to stand out. - Taxman 19:43, Aug 26, 2004 (UTC)

This topic is now being persued at Forum for Encyclopedic Standards. The Forum for Encyclopedic Standards, a new voluntary association, is getting started on Wiki with a mission related somewhat to that of the Business and Economics Forum. Anyone interested should take a look. Thanks, 172 03:23, 16 Nov 2004 (UTC)

I noticed that of the economics related featured articles, four have no references: Economics - Only external links, many good ones, but none properly formatted as references Euro - Only external links and “articles” London congestion charge - Only external links Labour economics - none at all! I think we can do a lot better than that. Please help by at least going through the external links and using them to fact check the above articles, then properly format them as references. Thanks - Taxman 18:53, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)

Valuable or voidable : Deleting articles
If you have noticed a business or economics article listed on the votes for deletion page, and you feel additional input would be beneficial, list the article here along with the date.

Transition to the new "category" system of navigation
A question arrises about the best way to structure the new category system: Should a root category include all the articles in one of its sub-categories? I've looked at the way others have done it and there is no consistency. For example, should Welfare economics and Gini coefficient be included in only the welfare economics category, or in both the welfare economics category and the microeconomics category. (Maybe they should be in the economics category as well?) Do we make decisions on an article-by-article basis, or do we set a consistent policy? I am starting to add category tags to the business articles and for now I am going to make the first two levels of categories inclusive, but all further levels exclusive. That is, the business category will contain all the articles in its subcategories. These subcategories, which include [sub-category:marketing], [sub-category:finance], [sub-category:management], etc, will also include all the articles in their subcategories. For example, [sub-category:Marketing] will include all the articles in [sub-sub-category:Marketing research], [sub-sub-category:Pricing], etc. Articles in the sub-sub-sub categories will not be included in the sub-sub-categories. I expect this structure to result in about 1200 articles in the business category, between 100 and 300 in each of the subcategories, and less than 100 in each of the sub-sub-categories and sub-sub-sub-categories. Any comments or suggestions? mydogategodshat 22:53, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

And here is another question. Do we keep the old "list based" system of navigation or the old "footers"? We could probably remove both once the category system is complete. Any comments? mydogategodshat 23:19, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

As far as categories and subcategores, Categorization states that:

 * "An article should not be in both a category and its subcategory, e.g. Microsoft Office is in Category:Microsoft software, so should not also be in Category:Software. Note: An exception would be an article that defines a category, and so is itself a parent article of subtopics as well as one in a series of like topics"

I think this policy should be enforced here; I don't think an entry should be tagged cat:Business if it is more accurately tagged cat:Finance (Finance is a subcat of Business). Feco 23:37, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Issues : Colour in diagrams
Several times now, an economics article has been listed as a candidate for feature article status, and the issue of diagram colour and style has come up. Some low resolution or black and white monitors do not display the diagrams in the same way as other monitors. How can we solve this problem?

exerpt from supply and demand
 * To me, those without color support are not a reason to not make an improvement. The color does make them easier to see. - Taxman 16:34, Jun 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * It seems an improvement to me, both in clarity and general eye-candyness. — Matt 23:40, 28 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * I also prefer to see some colour. Just one caveat: When labour economics was a candidate for Feature Article status, it started with colour diagrams, but we had to remove the colour because there was an objection. mydogategodshat 02:59, 29 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Some people will object either way. Best thing to do is to have the color diagram but have one of the lines have dashes in it so that even if it was printed b+w, the distinction could still be made. - Taxman 11:57, Jun 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * An alternative is to have two versions of an article, one with black and white pictures and one with colour. mydogategodshat 18:12, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The color supply and demand diagram fro the econmoics article is made with xfig a GNU/Linux utility. Variants for the other diagrams should not be too hard to make (I',m too lazy to, for now, but anyone that has used xfig is welcome to have my sources).CSTAR 21:14, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Issues : Dispute resolution
Should the business and economics forum get involved in resolving disputes between contributors? When a postKeynesian and a monetarist are engaged in a heated dispute, is there any value in having a third party involved that is familiar with the issue?

Issues : Cleaning up our footers
The closing section of many of our articles need to be cleaned up. Some have 1) a See also section, 2) a References or other sources section, 3) a related article lists section, 4) a "footer" section, and 5) a category section. Some of these are Wiki boxes, some are HTML charts, and some are text lists. What can we do to clean this up?

 * We could eliminate some of them. Or we could combine them all into one footer. mydogategodshat 17:08, 7 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Issues : Companies in a box
The project to use infoboxes to provide basic stats on companies came to an abrupt halt when we started talking about maintaining and updating the stats. See the discussion here. Can anyone think of a way of making this idea work?

New and improved
If you have recently created a new article or done a major rewrite on an existing economics or business article, you may list it here (along with the date of editing). This makes it easy for others to find out about these changes and make additions or corrections. If you have comments (positive or negative) about any of these articles, you are encouraged to give them at either the article's talk page or at the author's talk page.

 * Aug 24 - competition (rewrite)
 * Sept 1-8 - strategic planning (rewrite)
 * Sept 4-7 - benchmarking (new)
 * Sept 10 - brainstorming (rewrite)
 * Sept 15 - Tobin's-q (New)--Andrew Gardner 10:49, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Sept 16 - Job enrichment (new)
 * Sept 17 - Marketing warfare strategies (I have added a section called "Robin Hood invades business schools" that I think people will find interesting)
 * Sept 18 - Change management (rewrite)
 * Sept 24 - marketing paradigms (new)
 * Sept 24-28 - relationship marketing (new)
 * Oct 4 - Economic base analysis (new)
 * Oct 10 - Switching barriers (new)
 * Oct 10 - patronage concentration (new)
 * Oct 13 - Loyalty business model (new)
 * Oct 14 - industrialization of services business model (new)
 * Oct 14 - market power (new)
 * Oct 20 - network marketing (new)
 * Oct 24 - leadership (2 new sections "Qualities of leaders" and "Leaders and managers")
 * Oct 26 - Profit impact of marketing strategy (new)
 * Nov 1 - strategic group (new)
 * Nov 3 - entrepreneurship (rewrite)
 * Jan 1 - drop shipping (new)
 * Jan 1-7 - real estate economics (new)
 * Jan 27 - portfolio (finance) (new)
 * Jan 29 - hedonic regression (new)
 * Feb 10 - Beveridge curve Bertrand competition Cournot competition cobweb model (all new, please comment!)

Recommended policies and guidelines
Wikipedia has few rules. This encourages free expression and diversity of style. The guidelines that follow are not intended to be anything more than recommendations. It is up to each contributor to decide whether to follow the guidelines or not. For a business and economics guideline to be listed here, it must first be discussed elsewhere on this page (the Business and Economics Forum page). The discussion that leads up to each recommendation should be archived on the talk page and a link provided. If you agree or disagree with a guideline, your comments are welcome.

Intended audience and writing level
Most well written articles start with the basics and build in complexity with each additional section. This allows you to write for a range of potential readers. A good heuristic is to write the first paragraph as if you are talking to your grandmother (if you are a grandmother write as if you are talking to your grandchildren). Use simple everyday terms and avoid complicating details. In the middle section write for the average educated reader with only elementary training in economics or business theory. In the last section write for the economics or business specialist. It is in this section that calculus, stats, and advanced theory is appropriate. The length of each section will very depending on the subject matter and the intent of the writer.

Not all topics are well suited to this "ascending difficulty model". An alternative approach is to write more than one article (for example, a basic article, a practical article, and a theory article), and provide links between them. An example of this method can be seen in logit (theory) and logit analysis (in marketing) (practical).

The discussion of this topic can be seen at Wikipedia talk: The Business and Economics Forum

Getting around : Navigating the business and economics section
The following is a set of lists that contain the business and economics articles. Using them, will enable you to get to any business or economics article with just two clicks.

 * list of economics topics
 * list of finance topics
 * list of marketing topics
 * list of management topics
 * list of human resource management topics
 * list of accounting topics
 * list of information technology management topics
 * list of international trade topics
 * list of business law topics
 * list of production topics
 * list of business ethics, political economy, and philosophy of business topics
 * list of business theorists
 * list of economists
 * list of corporate leaders

Resources

 * http://eh.net - the Economic History Network. Notice in particular the Encyclopedia, the "How much is that?" value/inflation calculators, book reviews- mailing lists, even. I'm the technical administrator for the site. - Fennec (はさばくのきつね) 02:20, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Quote
''It has long been my view that there is no economic process or problem that cannot be put in clear language - can not be made accessible to the literate and interested reader. Such effect does not, however, justify error or oversimplification.'' John Kenneth Galbraith "A Journey Through Economic Time"

Economics, Business & Finance Portal
There's a discussion taking place Wikipedia Talk:Browse by Category about developing a new portal that may be linked off the main page for Economics, Business and Finance. If anyone has any thoughts, join us. We don't want to recreate work already done, but it seems like these subjects could benefit from more organization. --Ronreed 03:47, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Done already. see Wikiportal/Business and Economics. pamri 17:24, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

Abandon

 * Yes - We don't need both. mydogategodshat
 * Yes. We can use the wikiportal and create a wikiproject for business and economics. pamri 13:50, August 1, 2005 (UTC)
 * I agree. Ideally, whatever's here would be integrated there eventually. I don't know how much of that has been already done. Maurreen (talk) 18:18, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

Subcats
Many articles in Category:Business, Category:Economics and Category:Finance would be better in subcats (but I haven't checked for a while. Is anyone interested in helping with this? Maurreen (talk) 18:18, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I just made a similar post over at Category_talk:Economists. I agree on the need to subcategorize but am interested in your thoughts on how best to organize the subcategories—for people, is by nationality the best way? thanks, Afelton 14:44, September 10, 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia:WikiProject Business and Economics
Please participate in the newly created WikiProject Business and Economics and help in improving business & economics related topics. pamri 12:35, August 30, 2005 (UTC)

Revival of this Forum?
I'm a bit astonished to find a forum with the last entry from 2005. I'm interested in discussing projects in business and economics and just published the new article on economy. I would be glad to hear from members here who are still active.--Jörg Sutter 17:19, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:WikiProject Business/BEF


text:
Michelle Williams

Michelle Williams or Michele Williams may refer to:
 * Michelle Ann Williams (born circa 1965), American public health scholar
 * Michelle Williams (singer) (born 1979), American singer, previously a member of Destiny's Child
 * Michelle Williams (actress) (born 1980), American actress
 * Michelle Toro (born 1991), Canadian swimmer; née Michelle Williams
 * Michelle C. Williams, Scottish physician
 * Michelle Williams (sprinter), winner of the 1991 NCAA 4 × 100 m championship
 * Michele Williams (sprinter), winner of the 2010 4 × 400 meter relay at the NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships

title: Michelle Williams