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Northern fur seal

The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) is an eared seal found along the north Pacific Ocean, the Bering Sea, and the Sea of Okhotsk. It is the largest member of the fur seal subfamily (Arctocephalinae) and the only living species in the genus Callorhinus. A single fossil species, Callorhinus gilmorei, is known from the Pliocene of Japan and western North America.

Description
Northern fur seals have extreme sexual dimorphism, with males being 30–40% longer and more than 4.5 times heavier than adult females. The head is foreshortened in both sexes because of the very short, down-curved muzzle, and small nose, which extends slightly beyond the mouth in females and moderately in males. The pelage is thick and luxuriant, with a dense underfur in a creamy color. The underfur is obscured by the longer guard hairs, although it is partially visible when the animals are wet. Features of both fore and hind flippers are unique and diagnostic of the species. Fur is absent on the top of the fore flippers and an abrupt "clean line" is seen across the wrist where the fur ends. The hind flippers are proportionately the longest in any otariid because of extremely long, cartilaginous extensions on all of the toes. Small claws are on digits 2–4, well back from the flap-like end of each digit. The ear pinnae are long and conspicuous, and naked of dark fur at the tips in older animals. The mystacial vibrissae can be very long, and regularly extend beyond the ears. Adults have all white vibrissae, juveniles and subadults have a mixture of white and black vibrissae, including some that have dark bases and white ends, and pups and yearlings have all black vibrissae. The eyes are proportionately large and conspicuous, especially on females, subadults, and juveniles.

Adult males are stocky in build, and have enlarged (thick and wide) necks. A mane of coarse, longer guard hairs extends from the lower neck to the shoulders. and covers the nape, neck, chest, and upper back. While the skulls of adult males are large and robust for their overall size, their heads appear short because of the combination of a short muzzle, and the backs of the head behind the ear pinnae being obscured by the enlarged necks. Adult males have abrupt foreheads formed by the elevation of the crown from development of the sagittal crests, and thicker fur of the mane on the top of their heads.

Canine teeth are much longer and have a greater diameter in adult males than those found on adult females, and this relationship holds to a lesser extent at all ages.

Adult females, subadults, and juveniles are moderate in build. Distinguishing the sexes is difficult until about age five. The body is modest in size and the neck, chest, and shoulders are sized in proportion with the torso. Adult females and subadults have more complex and variable coloration than adult males. They are dark silver-gray to charcoal above. The flanks, chest, sides, and underside of the neck, often forming a chevron pattern in this area, are cream to tan with rusty tones. Variable cream to rust-colored areas are on the sides and top of the muzzle, chin, and as a "brush stroke" running backwards under the eye. In contrast, adult males are medium gray to black, or reddish to dark brown all over. Their manes can have variable amounts of silver-gray or yellowish tinting on the guard hairs. Pups are blackish at birth, with variable oval areas of buff on the sides, in the axillary area, and on the chin and sides of the muzzle. After three to four months, pups molt to the color of adult females and subadults.

Males can be as large as 2.1 m and 270 kg. Females can be up to 1.5 m and weigh 50 kg or more. Newborns weigh 5.4 –, and are 60 – long.

The teeth are haplodont, i.e. sharp, conical and mostly single-rooted, as is common with carnivorous marine mammals adapted to tearing fish flesh. As with most caniforms, the upper canines are prominent. The dental formula of the adult is

Like other otariids, northern fur seals are built for efficient terrestrial locomotion. Their hind limbs are in a plantigrade stance and are able to rotate under the body for quadrupedal locomotion and support. When swimming, there are two different types of movement: locomotion and diving. These seals swim primarily with forelimb propulsion due to their physiology. They have flexible joints between vertebrae for better maneuverability in the water as well as "greater muscular leverage" for pectoral strokes. Stroke patterns are different for different dive types and locomotion, and stroke rates vary for individuals since there's a relationship between maximum stroke rate and body size.

Distribution and habitat
The northern fur seal is found in the north Pacific – its southernmost reach is a line that runs roughly from the southern tip of Japan to the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea. An estimated 1.1 million northern fur seals occur across the range, of which roughly half breed on the Pribilof Islands in the east Bering Sea. Another 200–250 thousand breed on the Commander Islands in the west Bering Sea, some 100,000 breed on Tyuleniy Island off the coast of Sakhalin in the southwest Sea of Okhotsk, and another 60–70 thousand in the central Kuril Islands in Russia. Smaller rookeries (around 5,000 animals) are found on Bogoslof Island in the Aleutian Chain, San Miguel Island in the Channel Island group and South Farallon Island off the coast of California. Recent evidence from stable isotope analysis of Holocene fur seal bone collagen (δ13C and δ15N) indicates that before the maritime fur trade, it was more common for these animals to breed at local rookeries in British Columbia, California, and likely along much of the northwest coast of North America.

During the winter, northern fur seals display a net movement southward, with animals from Russian rookeries regularly entering Japanese and Korean waters in the Sea of Japan and Alaskan animals moving along the central and eastern Pacific to British Columbia, Canada and as far south as Baja California.

The northern fur seal's range overlaps almost exactly with that of Steller sea lions; occasional cohabitation occurs at reproductive rookeries, notably in the Kurils, the Commander Islands, and Tyulen'i Islands. The only other fur seal found in the Northern Hemisphere is the Guadalupe fur seal which overlaps slightly with the northern fur seal's range in California.

Ecology
Fur seals are opportunistic feeders, primarily feeding on pelagic fish and squid depending on local availability. Identified fish prey include hake, herring, lantern fish, capelin, pollock, and mackerel. Their feeding behavior is primarily solitary.

Northern fur seals are preyed upon primarily by sharks and killer whales. Occasionally, very young animals are eaten by Steller sea lions. Occasional predation on live pups by Arctic foxes has also been observed.

Due to very high densities of pups on reproductive rookeries and the early age at which mothers begin their foraging trips, mortality can be relatively high. Consequently, pup carcasses are important in enriching the diet of many scavengers, in particular gulls and Arctic foxes.

In 2017, 14 samples of spiny lice were collected off of the nasal passage of fur seal puppies. In 2021, these spiny lice were identified as having unique bristle arrangements, and were given the scientific name Antarctophthirus nevelskoyi. They were named after the famous Russian explorer, Admiral Gennady Ivanovich Nevelsky.

Reproductive behavior
Seals enter breeding rookeries in May. Generally, older males (10 years and older) return first and compete for prime breeding spots on the rookeries. They remain on the rookery, fasting throughout the duration of the breeding season. The females come somewhat later, and give birth shortly thereafter. Like all other otariids, northern fur seals are polygynous, with some males breeding with up to 50 females in a single breeding season. Unlike Steller sea lions, with which they share habitat and some breeding sites, northern fur seals are possessive of individual females in their harem, often aggressively competing with neighboring males for females. Deaths of females as a consequence of these conflicts have been recorded, though the males themselves are rarely seriously injured. Young males unable to acquire and maintain a territory of a harem typically aggregate in neighboring "haulouts", occasionally making incursions into the reproductive sections of the rookery in an attempt to displace an older male.

After remaining with their pups for the first eight to ten days of their lives, females begin foraging trips lasting up to a week. These trips last for about four months before weaning, which happens abruptly, typically in October. Most of the animals on a rookery enter the water and disperse towards the end of November, typically migrating southward. Breeding site fidelity is generally high for fur seal females, though young males might disperse to other existing rookeries, or occasionally find new haulouts.

Peak mating occurs somewhat later than peak birthing from late June to late July. As with many other otariids, the fertilized egg undergoes delayed implantation: after the blastocyst stage occurs, development halts and implantation occurs four months after fertilization. In total, gestation lasts around a year, such that the pups born in a given summer are the product of the previous year's breeding cycle.

Status
Recently, concern about the status of fur seal populations has increased, particularly in the Pribilof Islands, where pup production has decreased about 50% since the 1970s, with a continuing drop of about 6–7% per year. This has caused them to be listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List, and more specifically, the Pribilof Islands / eastern Pacific stock is listed as "depleted" under the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act, though to date the species is not yet listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act). Increasing concern about the species' status, particularly in the eastern part of its range, has led to an intensified research program into their behavioral and foraging ecology. Possible causes for recent declines and lack of recovery are increased predation by killer whales, competition with fisheries, and climate change effects, but to date, no scientific consensus has been reached.

Fur trade

Northern fur seals have been a staple food of native northeast Asian and Alaska Native peoples for thousands of years. The arrival of Europeans to Kamchatka and Alaska in the 17th and 18th centuries, first from Russia and later from North America, was followed by a highly extractive commercial fur trade. The commercial fur trade was accelerated in 1786, when Gavriil Pribylov discovered St. George Island, a key rookery of the seals. An estimated 2.5 million seals were killed from 1786 to 1867. This trade led to a decline in fur seal numbers. Restrictions were first placed on fur seal harvest on the Pribilof Islands by the Russians in 1834. Shortly after the United States purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867, the U.S. Treasury was authorized to lease sealing privileges on the Pribilofs, which were granted somewhat liberally to the Alaska Commercial Company. From 1870 to 1909, pelagic sealing proceeded to take a significant toll on the fur seal population, such that the Pribilof population, historically numbering on the order of millions of individuals, reached a low of 216,000 animals in 1912.

Significant harvest was more or less arrested with the signing of the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 by Great Britain (on behalf of Canada), Japan, Russia, and the United States. The Convention of 1911 remained in force until the onset of hostilities among the signatories during World War II, and is also notable as the first international treaty to address the conservation of wildlife. A successive convention was signed in 1957 and amended by a protocol in 1963. "The international convention was put into effect domestically by the Fur Seal Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-702)", said an Interior Department review of the history. Currently, a subsistence hunt by the residents of St. Paul Island and an insignificant harvest in Russia are allowed.

title: Northern fur seal


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Vlasios Maras

Vlasios Maras (Βλάσης Μάρας, born 31 March 1983 in Cholargos), Athens, is a Greek gymnast.

In the 2004 Summer Olympics, he was a favorite in the horizontal bar competition but failed to qualify for the final after finishing 13th in the qualification round. He competed in the horizontal bar event at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro as well, but finished in 38th place in qualifying and did not advance to the final.

Maras is a two-time world champion on horizontal bar and a five-time European champion. He was named the 2009 Greek Male Athlete of the Year.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Vlasios Maras


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Talk:Portofino

I have started an article proposal at Portofino/temp. I also think a seperate article on San Fruttuoso, which the copy vio version digresses into.

-JCarriker 15:14, Aug 13, 2004 (UTC)

There should be a mention of when portofino was featured on the soap opera "The Bold and The Beautiful" (Anon.)
 * Really put Portofino on the map, did it? --Wetman 00:51, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

Describing Portofino as a "fishing village" as this article still does, is like characterizing Orlando, Florida, as an orange grove. --Wetman 09:44, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Hee hee. "Originally a fishing village" or "Coastal village" is probably better phrasing. Stan 18:01, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

St. George
I have taken a photo of a banner (don't know the exact heraldic jargon) in Marina di Portofino in which I believe you can see a horseman with St. George's cross on it. The entire horsemen is on a red (again, sorry for the complacant name) banner with a gold cross in it. Should I upload the photo? Please let me know on my talkpage. The photo was taken on the far left bottom side on this wikipedia photo: from the same place as the back of the all-white yacht. Mallerd (talk) 17:50, 24 May 2009 (UTC)

I was doing some research on Portofino and checked Disnelyland Tokyo re Portofino replica harbour. Their harbour does not appear to be based on Portofino and nor do any of the Disneylands theme park harbours in the world. There is a Portofino restaurant and Hotel so maybe this is where the confusion comes from. Can the author check this. Thanks Paul Williams — Preceding unsigned comment added by Paulfunkyfood (talk • contribs) 13:34, 21 March 2011 (UTC)  portofino è un luogo situato in asia qui è pieno di mucche e rinoceronti

title: Talk:Portofino


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Empire (magazine)

Empire is a British film magazine published monthly by Bauer Media Group. The first issue was published in May 1989.

History
David Hepworth of Emap, the publisher of British music magazines Q and Smash Hits, among other titles, came up with the idea to publish a magazine similar to Q, but for films. They recruited Smash Hits editor Barry McIlheney to edit the new magazine, with Hepworth as Editorial Director. Hepworth produced a one-page document of what he wanted to achieve. Among them, they planned to review and rate every film that was released in the cinema in the United Kingdom. It also said that "Empire believes that movies can sometimes be art, but they should always be fun." The first edition (June/July 1989) was published in May 1989 with Dennis Quaid and Winona Ryder on the front cover from the film Great Balls of Fire!. The first issue reached its target of 50,000 copies sold.

Film reviews were given a star rating between 1 and 5, with no half-stars.

McIlheney edited the first 44 issues, with assistant editor Phil Thomas, who had been working on the magazine since it started, taking over from the March 1993 issue. Thomas became managing editor in 1995 with Q Features Editor Andrew Collins taking over as Empire editor from issue 73 (July 1995); however, after 3 issues, he became editor of Q after Danny Kelly left, with Empire Features Editor Mark Salisbury promoted to Editor.

A compilation of their film reviews was published in 2006 as the Empire Film Guide.

Bauer purchased Emap Consumer Media in early 2008.

Editors
Empire has had eleven editors:

 * Barry McIlheney (issues 1–44)
 * Phil Thomas (issues 45–72)
 * Andrew Collins (issues 73–75)
 * Mark Salisbury (issues 76–88)
 * Ian Nathan (issues 89–126)
 * Emma Cochrane (issues 127–161)
 * Colin Kennedy (162–209) (Will Lawrence acted as editor for 12 issues while Colin Kennedy was absent)
 * Mark Dinning (210–304). Dinning was formerly Associate Editor of the magazine leaving to take up the position of Editor of Total Film for a period, he then returned to take up the same role for Empire. He left the magazine in July 2014.
 * Morgan Rees (issues 306–315)
 * Terri White (issues 318—393)
 * Nick De Semlyen (since issue 394)

 * Steven Spielberg guest-edited the magazine's 20th Anniversary Issue in June 2009.
 * Sam Mendes guest-edited the magazine's Spectre special in September 2015.

Regular features
Empire reviews both mainstream films and art films, but feature articles concentrate on the former. Ian Freer is a regular reviewer for the magazine.

As well as film news, previews, and reviews, Empire has some other regular features. Each issue (with the exception of issues 108–113) features a Classic Scene, a transcript from a notable film scene. The first such classic scene to be featured was the "I coulda been a contender" scene from On the Waterfront.

The Re.View section covers Blu-ray and DVD news and releases. Kim Newman's Movie Dungeon is a regular feature in the Re.View section, in which critic Kim Newman reviews the most obscure releases, mostly low-budget horror movies. Newman has written for Empire since the first issue.

How Much Is A Pint of Milk? presents celebrities' answers to silly or unusual questions, including the question "How much is a pint of milk?" This is intended as a guide to the chosen celebrity's contact with reality, and as such can be more informative than a direct interview by reporting some surprising responses. Willem Dafoe was the first interviewee in issue 59 (May 1994).

Each magazine includes a "Spine Quote", in which a relatively challenging quote is printed on the spine of the magazine. There are usually some obvious and obscure links from the quote to the main features of that month's edition. Readers are invited to identify the film source and the links to win a prize.

The Empire Masterpiece
A regular feature since Raging Bull featured in issue 167 (May 2003), the Empire Masterpiece is a two-page essay on a film selected by Empire in the Re.View section. The selection of the films seems to be quite random and follows no specific pattern. Only a few issues since the first masterpiece feature have not featured one – 179, 196–198 and 246. Issue 241 (June 2009) had director Frank Darabont select 223 masterpieces. L.A. Confidential and Magnolia have been featured twice.

Former features
Where Are They Now? featuring past film celebrities and updating on their current professional and personal status first appeared in issue 28 (October 1991) featuring Mark Hamill and John Savage.

My Movie Mastermind was another regular in which a celebrity was given questions about the films they were in or directed. Celebrities range from Quentin Tarantino and Christopher Lee (who were at the top of the scoreboard) to John Carpenter and Michael Keaton (who were at the bottom of the scoreboard). The feature first appeared in issue 212 (February 2007) with Terry Gilliam.

Genre guides
In 2001, Empire published a series of guides to the best films by genre including science fiction, horror, crime, action, and comedy.

The Directors Collection
In 2001, Empire published a special issue on Steven Spielberg as part of The Directors Collection.

Fifteenth anniversary
Empire published a special 15th anniversary issue in June 2004 by which time the magazine had reviewed 4,240 theatrical films. Nicole Kidman was named "actress of our lifetime" and Kevin Spacey was named "actor of our lifetime". A list of the 15 most influential films of the preceding 15 years was featured.

Eighteenth anniversary
As part of its 18th birthday issue published in June 2007 Empire published a list of the top 18-rated moments in film. They also selected the 50 greatest films rated with an 18 certificate.

Readers' top films
Empire occasionally polls readers to find out what their favourite films are.

A poll of Empire readers was published in September 2001 and listed Star Wars (1977) as the greatest movie of all time.

In March 2006, a readers' poll of The 201 Greatest Movies of All Time had The Shawshank Redemption (1994) as the number one choice.

The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time
The list was selected in September 2008 by over 10,000 Empire readers, 150 filmmakers, and 50 film critics. The list was accompanied by many different covers, each of which went on sale. The list was topped by The Godfather (1972) and the list's most represented director was Steven Spielberg, who had eleven films in the top 500.

In July 2014, during their 25th anniversary year, a readers' poll of The 301 Greatest Movies of All Time was topped by The Empire Strikes Back (1980).

The 100 Greatest Movies
In 2017, Empire surveyed five thousand readers to produce a list of the 100 greatest films ever made which was once again topped by The Godfather.

In 2021, they combined reader votes with Empire critics "choices" to create a top 100 list topped by The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring.

Readers' top directors
In June 2005, a poll of 10,000 readers was asked to name the greatest film director of all time. In a list of forty directors, Steven Spielberg was granted the honour of greatest director.

Readers' top characters
A poll of Empire readers was conducted in 2008 to create a list of the 100 greatest movie characters, with Tyler Durden from Fight Club (1999) listed first.

In June 2015, Empire's readers named the greatest film characters of all time led by Indiana Jones.

Podcasts
Empire launched their first podcast, The Empire Podcast, in March 2012. The podcast is released weekly and is hosted by Chris Hewitt, alongside Helen O'Hara and James Dyer, as well as regularly featuring other Empire journalists such as Amon Warmann, Ben Travis and Terri White. The podcasts feature film news, listener questions, interviews, and reviews, as well as regularly having 'Spoiler Specials' which take an in-depth look at a single film, including plot spoilers. Many of these episodes are included on a separate subscription-only feed that costs £2.99 per month.

In September 2018, Empire launched a second podcast focused on television shows, called The Pilot TV Podcast. It is hosted by James Dyer, Terri White and Boyd Hilton.

In July 2022, the podcast won in the "Best Live Podcast" category at the British Podcast Awards following a live episode held in Kings Place, London to celebrate the podcast’s 500th episode that included returning favourites of lethal cunning, as well as guests such as Brett Goldstein, Tom Holland and Johnny Knoxville.

Awards
From 1996 until 2018, Empire organised the annual Empire Awards, voted for by readers of the magazine, which were originally sponsored by Sony Ericsson, and from 2009 sponsored by Jameson. The last awards were held in 2018 and after that the awards were discontinued for undisclosed reasons.

title: Empire (magazine)


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Category:Pinnipeds

Pinnipeds are flippered marine mammals belonging to three related families in the order Carnivora, the Phocidae (earless seals or true seals), the Otariidae (eared seals, including sea lions and fur seals), and Odobenidae (walrus).

title: Category:Pinnipeds


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Joaquín Blume

Joaquín Blume (Joaquim Blume; 21 June 1933 – 29 April 1959) was a Spanish gymnast. The son of a German gymnastics instructor established in Barcelona, he belonged to the gymnastics section of FC Barcelona.

He became Spanish gymnastics champion at 15 and he competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics of Helsinki with only 19 years. He went to win eight medals in the 1955 Mediterranean Games and in 1957 he won the European Championship, defeating favourite Yuri Titov. He was a favourite for the 1956 Summer Olympics of Melbourne, until Spain boycotted the games in protest against the presence of the USSR, after their brutal suppression of the Hungarian Revolution.

He was also a favourite in the 1960 Summer Olympics, but he died in a plane crash at the Valdemeca mountains, in Cuenca, on 29 April 1959. The plane was headed for Canarias, where the Spanish gymnastics team were to do a gymnastics exhibition. His wife, also a gymnast and pregnant with their second child, was also a passenger. There were no survivors.

In his honour, the Catalan Gymnastics Federation started in 1969 the Memorial Joaquim Blume tournament, first only of male gymnastics with female competition introduced in 1972. A sculpture in his honour is displayed at the Gardens of Joan Brossa, in Barcelona.

title: Joaquín Blume


text:
User talk:Ripnet

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Grivna

The grivna (гривьна) was a currency as well as a measure of weight used in Kievan Rus' and other states in Eastern Europe from the 11th century.

Name
The word grivna is derived from from. In Old East Slavic, it had the form гривьна, grivĭna. In modern East Slavic languages it has such forms: гри́вна, grivna, гри́вня, hryvnia, гры́ўня, hryŭnia.

The name of the contemporary currency of Ukraine, hryvnia, is derived from the grivna.

Early history
As its etymology implies the word originally meant a necklace or a torque. The reason why it has taken the meaning of a unit of weight is unclear. The grivnas that have been found at various archaeological sites are not necklaces but bullions of precious metals, usually silver. The weight and the shape of grivnas were not uniform, but varied by region. The grivnas of Novgorod and Pskov were thin long round-edged or three-edged ingots, while Kievan grivnas have rather the shape of a prolonged rhombus. The material was either gold or silver, but silver was predominant. Originally the weight of a grivna was close to the Roman or Byzantine pound. The weight of the Kievan grivna was around 140-165 g. The Novgorod grivna had the weight 204 g and became the basis for monetary systems in northeastern Rus', including the emerging Grand Duchy of Moscow.

Along the "grivna of silver" there were the account "grivna of kuna". The latter originally signified a certain amount of marten furs (куна kuna was the word for "marten" in Church Slavonic). Since the 12th century, the "grivna of kuna" became another unit of weight, but smaller, and signified as well a certain amount of silver coins: 2.5-gram nogata (from نقد naqd 'money; a coin') and rezan ($1/2$ dirham).

 * 1 grivna of silver (204 g) = 4 grivnas of kuna (51 g) = 80 nogata coins = 100 kunas (marten furs) = 200 rezans = 400–600 vekshas (squirrel furs)

Later history
Since the 14th century, when coins started to be minted in northeastern Rus' (firstly in Moscow), the currency system of silver bullions and furs was becoming obsolete. The grivna became to mean not a weight but rather a particular number of silver coins called then denga. At the same time as early as the 13th century the word ruble (rubl') started to be used alongside the word grivna to mean a certain amount of either silver or silver coins. Thus one account ruble was equal to 216 denga coins (each weighted about 0.8 gram). The grivna of kuna became simply grivna and was equal to 14 dengas. Thus one ruble was equal to 15 new grivnas and 6 denga coins.

The weight of a denga coin in Moscow and Novgorod was different. In the 15th century, the Moscow denga fell as low as 0.4 gram, while the Novgorod denga remained the same. When in Moscow one ruble had been revalued to 200 denga coins, the exchange rate between Moscow and Novgorod denga coins was set to 2 to 1. Thus since the later 15th – the early 16th centuries one account ruble was equal to 100 Novgorod dengas (later known as kopeks) or to 200 Moscow dengas. In this system one grivna was equal to 10 kopeks or 20 dengas.

This last meaning survived into the 18th to 20th centuries when one grivennik or grivenka meant a 10-kopek coin.

Weight
The grivna as a silver bullion currency did not survive, but its meaning as a unit of weight became predominant. In 15th–17th centuries there were two weight grivnas (or grivenkas): the lesser grivna of 204.756 g and the greater grivna of 409.512 g. Since the middle of the 17th century the latter became known as the Russian pound (Фунт, funt). 40 Russian pounds or 80 lesser grivnas (grivenkas) are equal to one pood.

title: Grivna


text: User talk:Svein H. Guldteig

title: User talk:Svein H. Guldteig


text:
User talk:Dmanister

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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User:Mani1

I am Mani Parsa from Tehran, Iran. I graduated from the Leiden University in Iranian studies.

fa:کاربر:ماني

title: User:Mani1


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Talk:Lazar Kaganovich

Trotsky
Trotsky was not a defector. He was stripped of Soviet citizenship and exiled. 2600:1700:8ED0:E0A0:E178:A698:363F:EB6B (talk) 13:41, 5 October 2022 (UTC)

I would add that the claim that Trotsky alleged that Stalin married a sister of Kaganovich in his book on Stalin seems dubious. This is because, looking quickly at the version of this book now available online at the Trotsky Internet Archive, it only takes events up to 1917, but any such marriage would presumably only have taken place after Stalin's second wife died in 1932 (I think). It is just possible that this claim is made in a version of the book with later chapters covering later events added by Malamoth. PatGallacher (talk) 01:36, 10 March 2023 (UTC)
 * In 2016 a "complete" version of Trotsky's biography of Stalin was published by Wellred Books with permission from Trotsky's estate. It contains text by Trotsky that the Malamuth version had omitted, including the following on page 788: "Stalin married the sister of Kaganovich, thereby presenting the latter with hopes for a promising future. That marriage apparently did not last long. At any rate, nothing more was heard about it afterwards." Trotsky evidently had no special knowledge of Stalin's personal life in the 1930s and, like many other authors of the time, picked up the rumor. --Ismail (talk) 04:24, 10 March 2023 (UTC)

Holodomor is a genocide according to Raphael Lemkin
Politically motivated edits do not change the fact that the creator of the word “genocide” argues that the Holodomor, perpetuated by Kaganovich, is a genocide. 2605:B100:D0B:211D:1896:B73F:5F4F:72D1 (talk) 11:17, 7 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lazar Kaganovich


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Talk:MOST (spacecraft)

Moving MOST, need name
I intend to move MOST, to make way for a disambig page between it and MOST Bridge, the two being about equally well known (although MOST Bridge will become MOST (protocol) in the process). Should the new name be MOST (satellite), Kieran A. Carroll, 25 June 2005

 * Is it called UTMOST now? Kortoso (talk) 20:42, 4 April 2017 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:MOST with Jaymie Matthews.jpg
Image:MOST with Jaymie Matthews.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20040624105040/http://www.astro.ubc.ca/MOST/ to http://www.astro.ubc.ca/MOST/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111226125236/http://www.astro.ubc.ca/MOST/papers/walker.pdf to http://www.astro.ubc.ca/MOST/papers/walker.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090623071558/http://www.astro.ubc.ca/MOST/index.html to http://www.astro.ubc.ca/MOST/index.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080122021824/http://www.astro.ubc.ca/MOST/science.html to http://www.astro.ubc.ca/MOST/science.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20040624105040/http://www.astro.ubc.ca/MOST/ to http://www.astro.ubc.ca/MOST/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110203020943/http://www.mscinc.ca/products/most.html to http://www.mscinc.ca/products/most.html

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title: Talk:MOST (spacecraft)


text:
Shichikashuku, Miyagi

Shichikashuku (七ヶ宿町) is a town located in Katta District, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 1,323, and a population density of 5.0 persons per km2 in 626 households. The total area of the town is 263.09 sqkm.

Geography
Shichikashuku is located in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan in the far southwestern corner of Miyagi Prefecture. Surrounded by the Zaō Mountains, it is bordered by Yamagata Prefecture to the north and west, and by Fukushima Prefecture to the south. Parts of the town are within the borders of the Zaō Quasi-National Park or the Zaō Kōgen Prefectural Natural Park.

Neighboring municipalities
Miyagi Prefecture Yamagata Prefecture Fukushima Prefecture
 * Shiroishi
 * Zaō
 * Kaminoyama
 * Takahata
 * Fukushima

Climate
Shichikashuku has a humid climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) characterized by mild summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature in Shichikashuku is 9.6 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1430 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 23.1 °C, and lowest in January, at around -2.7 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Shichikashuku has declined steadily over the past 70 years and is now much smaller than it was a century ago.

History
The area of present-day Shichikashuku was part of ancient Mutsu Province, and was part of the holdings of Sendai Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate. It was made part Katta District in the new Iwaki Province at the start of the Meiji period. The district was transferred to Miyagi Prefecture on 21 August 1876.

Shichikashuku Village was established on April 1, 1889 with the establishment of the post-Meiji restoration modern municipalities system. It was raised to town status on April 1, 1957.

Government
Shichikashuku has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 8 members. Shichikashuku, collectively with the city of Shiroishi and the town of Zaō, contributes two seats to the Miyagi Prefectural legislature.. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Miyagi 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
The economy of Shichikashuku is largely based on agriculture and forestry.

Education
Shichikashuku has one public elementary school and one public middle school operated by the town government, and one public high school operated by the Miyagi Prefectural Board of Education. There is also one private high school.

Transportation
Shichikashuku does not have by any passenger train service.

Local attractions

 * Shichikashuku Dam
 * Zaō Kōgen Prefectural Natural Park
 * Zaō Quasi-National Park

title: Shichikashuku, Miyagi


text:
Katta District, Miyagi

 * List of Provinces of Japan > Tōsandō > Iwaki Province > Katta District
 * Japan > Tōhoku region > Miyagi Prefecture > Katta District

Katta (刈田郡) is a district located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 15,266 and a population density of 36.71 persons per km2. The total area is 415.85 km2.

Towns and villages

 * Shichikashuku
 * Zaō

title: Katta District, Miyagi


text:
Jefferson, Wisconsin (disambiguation)

Jefferson in the U.S. state of Wisconsin may refer to:
 * Jefferson County, Wisconsin
 * Jefferson, Wisconsin, a city
 * Jefferson, Green County, Wisconsin, a town
 * Jefferson, Monroe County, Wisconsin, a town
 * Jefferson, Vernon County, Wisconsin, a town
 * Jefferson, Jefferson County, Wisconsin, a town
 * Jefferson Junction, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

title: Jefferson, Wisconsin (disambiguation)


text:
António Vitorino

António Manuel de Carvalho Ferreira Vitorino (born 12 January 1957) is a Portuguese lawyer and politician of the Socialist Party (PS).

Career in national politics
Vitorino graduated in law from the University of Lisbon. A lawyer by training, he was first elected to the Assembly of the Republic (Portugal), the national parliament, in the 1980 elections. In 1983, he served as Secretary of State for Parliamentary Affairs, a junior minister role in the grand coalition government led by Prime Minister Mário Soares. After the government's defeat in the 1985 elections, Vitorino became a deputy secretary for the Governor of Macau.

In 1989, Vitorino returned to Lisbon to become a judge of the Constitutional Court, ending his term in 1994.

In 1995, Vitorino became Minister for National Defence and Deputy Prime Minister in the first government of António Guterres. He resigned in 1997 for being suspected of tax evasion.

Member of the European Commission, 1998–2004
After being cleared of the charges, Vitorino was appointed European Commissioner for Justice and Home Affairs, during the commission led by President Romano Prodi. As a representative of the European Commission, he took part in the conversations that drew up the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the Convention on the Future of Europe. At the convention, he chaired a reflection group on the European Court of Justice.

When Guterres ruled himself out of the contest for the role of President of the European Commission in June 2004, he instead threw his support behind Vitorino. The post eventually went to José Manuel Barroso. José Sócrates become the new leader of the party instead of Vitorino, going on to win a majority in the 2005 general election.

Career in the private sector
In 2005, Vitorino became a partner at Cuatrecasas, Gonçalves Pereira & Associados, one of the most influential law firms in the Iberian Peninsula. Between 2006 and 2007, he served as member of the Amato Group, a group of high-level European politicians unofficially working on rewriting the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe into what became known as the Treaty of Lisbon following its rejection by French and Dutch voters.

From November 2008 until June 2009, Vitorino served as member of a six-member panel of EU experts advising the Bulgarian government. Set up by Bulgaria's Prime Minister Sergei Stanishev, the advisory board was chaired by Dominique de Villepin and mandated to recommend ways to help the country adjust to EU membership.

Vitorino was the President of Notre Europe, the European think tank founded by Jacques Delors, from 2011 until 2016. From December 2011 until May 2012, he served as member of the institute's Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa group, a high-level expert group to reflect on the reform of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union.

Vitorino also had an ongoing role as commentator for RTP 1's programme Notas Soltas hosted by television journalist.

In 2017 Vitorino was part of the advisory boards of the "International Migration Initiative" (Open Society Foundations) and the "Transatlantic Council on Migration" (Migration Policy Institute).

International Organization for Migration, 2018–2023
In December 2017, the Portuguese government under the leadership of Prime Minister António Costa put forward Vitorino for the post of Director General of the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), as successor of William Lacy Swing. On 29 June 2018, the member states of IOM elected Vitorino as Director General, effective October 2018. He was chosen over American Ken Isaacs, who was eliminated in early voting rounds, and by acclamation over the runner-up, Laura Thompson of Costa Rica. When seeking a second term, he opted to step down after the first round of voting. Amy Pope of the United States subsequently became the first woman to be elected as Director General.

Corporate boards

 * Banco Caixa Geral Angola (BCGA), Chairman of the Shareholders' General Meeting
 * Áreas Portugal, chairman of the Board
 * Siemens Portugal, Non-Executive Director
 * Brisa, President of the General Assembly (since 2007)
 * Novabase, Chairman of the Shareholders Meeting
 * Tabaqueira Indústria, Chairman of the Supervisory Board
 * Banco Santander Totta, Chairman of the Shareholders Meeting (2005-2016), Member of the Board of Directors
 * CTT Correios de Portugal, S.A., Member of the Board (until 2016)

Non-profit organizations

 * International Gender Champions (IGC), Member (since 2018)
 * International Migration Initiative, chairman of the Advisory Board
 * European Strategy Forum, Co-chairman (jointly with Peter Ludlow and Vladimir Drobnjak, since 2006)
 * European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Member of the Strategy Group of the Foreign Policy Scorecard
 * New Pact for Europe, Member of the Advisory Group
 * World Justice Project, Honorary Co-chair
 * Migration Policy Institute (MPI), Member of the Transatlantic Council on Migration (since 2007)
 * Portuguese Bar Association, Member
 * Fundação Res Publica, Member of the Board of Directors
 * Trilateral Commission, Member of the European Group
 * European Policy Centre, Chairman of the Governing Board (2005-2009), Member of the Strategic Council
 * Fundação Arpad Szenes e Vieira da Silva, President (2007-2010)

Recognition

 * 2002 – Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria

Personal life
Vitorino is married and has two sons.

title: António Vitorino


text:
Airbus UK Broughton F.C.

Airbus UK Broughton Football Club (Clwb Pêl-droed Airbus DU Brychdyn) is a semi-professional football club based in Broughton, Flintshire, Wales. They had their origins as the works team of the Airbus UK aerospace factory where the wings of the Airbus airliner are produced, and are consequently nicknamed The Wingmakers or The Planemakers.

The club was promoted to the Cymru Premier for the first time in 2004, and play at The Hollingsworth Group Stadium (previously known as The Airfield), Broughton (capacity 1,600, of which 500 are seated); however as their pitch could not be brought up to Cymru Premier standards in time following their promotion, for their first two games they shared Conwy United's ground. The Airfield features three unusual retracting floodlights as it is adjacent to an operational runway. In 2014, the grass surface was replaced with a 3G synthetic pitch. At the end of the 2016–17 season the club were relegated to the Cymru Alliance having finished bottom of the league.

In the 2022–23 season, the club finished with -4 points after being deducted 6 points and losing all but two matches. As a result, they were relegated back to the Cymru North after having been promoted in the 2021–22 season.

History
Formed in 1946, the club has known several different names as the ownership of the factory has changed over the years. Originally called Vickers-Armstrong, it has variously been named de Havillands, Hawker Siddeley, British Aerospace, and BAE Systems.

The club's early years were spent in the Chester & District League and the Wrexham area leagues. The club won the Welsh National League (Wrexham Area) Division Two title during the 1991–92 season, when they won 28 of their 34 matches and scored 130 goals to finish 19 points ahead of their nearest rival. They then spent four years making steady improvements in their position in the Welsh National League (Wrexham Area) Division One before being promoted to the Welsh National League Premier Division at the end of the 1995–96 season when they were runners-up in Division One. They spent four years in the Premier Division before winning promotion to the Cymru Alliance at the end of the 1999–00 season, when they won 21 of their 30 matches. To coincide with this promotion the club changed its name to Airbus UK.

Once again they spent four seasons in their new league, successively finishing in 11th, 8th, and 5th positions before winning the league title by 19 points in 2003–04 to earn promotion to the top level of Welsh domestic football for the first time.

Airbus' first season in the Premier League was a torrid time, with the team acquiring only 21 points in the first 32 matches and being in next-to-last position with only a few matches remaining. Their manager, Rob Lythe, who had led them to promotion, resigned in February 2005, citing "not having enough time" to do the job. The Wingmakers eventually avoided relegation in their debut season after a victory over local rivals Connah's Quay Nomads and a 1–0 defeat at Caersws on the last day.

Airbus made a promising start to their second season in the WPL, reaching the semi-final of the League Cup eventually losing out to TNS Llansantffraid over two legs.

For the start of the 2007–08 season, the club changed its name once more, adding the village name to become "Airbus UK Broughton F.C.". Owing to UEFA's rules over sponsorship, when competing in European competition the club is known as "AUK Broughton".

During their time in the Cymru Premier, Airbus UK Broughton went from relegation strugglers to a club that challenged regularly for honours. They qualified for Europe for the first time in 2013 as Cymru Premier runners-up, repeating the feat the following season and appearing in the Europa League for a third consecutive time as third-place finishers in 2015.

In May 2016 the club reached the Welsh Cup final for the first time, losing 2–0 to The New Saints at Wrexham's Racecourse Ground. They just failed to qualify for Europe again, losing 1–0 in the Play-off final to neighbours Gap Connah's Quay. A difficult summer saw the majority of players recruited by other Welsh Premier clubs and director of football Andy Preece leaving the club by mutual consent three days before the start of the next campaign, to be replaced by former player Andrew Thomas.

The 2016–17 season produced only five wins and saw first round exits from both the League Cup and Welsh Cup, ending with the Wingmakers finishing in bottom place and being relegated back to the Cymru Alliance ending 13 seasons in the Welsh top flight. In the 2018-19 season, Airbus won the Cymru Alliance title for a second time after a 4-0 victory over Holywell Town and won promotion back to the Cymru Premier as well as completing a double by defeating Holyhead Hotspur 5-1 in the League Cup final.

Honours

 * Welsh National League (Wrexham Area) Division Two:
 * Winners: 1991–92

 * Welsh National League (Wrexham Area) Division One:
 * Runners-up: 1995–96

 * Welsh National League (Wrexham Area) Premier Division:
 * Winners: 1999–00

 * Cymru Alliance:
 * Winners: 2003–04, 2018-19

 * Cymru Alliance League Cup:
 * Winners: 2018-19

 * Cymru North:
 * Winners: 2021–22

 * Cymru Premier:
 * Runners-up: 2012–13, 2013–14

 * Welsh Cup:
 * Runners-up: 2015–16

Staff

 * Manager: Jamie Reed
 * Assistant Manager: Mark Allen
 * First Team Coach: Jamie Crowther
 * First Team Coach: Richard Chapman
 * Physiotherapist: Ritson Lloyd

Managers

 * Rob Lythe (? – Feb 2005)
 * Garry Wynne (Feb 2005 – June 2005)
 * 🏴 Gareth Owen (June 2005 – June 2008)
 * 🏴 Craig Harrison (July 2008 – 2011)
 * 🏴 Gareth Owen (Dec 2011 – Jan 2012)
 * 🏴 Andy Preece (Jan 2012 – Aug 2016)
 * 🏴 Andrew Thomas (Aug 2016 – Nov 2017)
 * 🏴 Steve O'Shaughnessy (Nov 2017 – Sep 2022)
 * 🏴 Jamie Reed (Oct 2022–present)

title: Airbus UK Broughton F.C.


text:
User talk:Sfahey

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Hannah Kearney
Hey, why did you totally mess up Hannah Kearney's article with this edit? http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hannah_Kearney&diff=344126735&oldid=344126017
 * Something weird happened. The only editing I did on the article was to correct two items under "References". I don't know who or what made all those other changes that got attributed to me. Sfahey (talk) 04:40, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

Okay, that is weird.Philipmj24 (talk) 05:00, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

Bicycle
More Congratulations it got main page billing as well! --Sf 11:25, 1 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Re: Corner shops and helmets - some people do a double take when they talk to me on this issue. I've found myself in the position of (cautiously) endorsing them for people who want to take long recreational trips while generally questioning their use for corner-shop type journeys. My reasoning usually relates to what I think will make that person more likely to cycle. The more people cycling the better for them individually and for rest of us collectively - and me personally too :-)  --Sf 16:01, 1 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Congratulations it finally got through! --Sf 13:20, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

I am now happy that my previously stated concerns have been addressed - best of luck with the nomination. --Sf 10:49, 16 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Christmas article
Nice edits. I couldn't face another pass at it, myself! Elf | Talk 01:01, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Yeah, we Elfs (sic) have to keep an eye on christmas or it gets all messed up. :-) Don't know whether I've got the energy, either, for another whack at some of the date stuff.  I've put in way too many hours on mixed-breed dog, which someone nominated for featured article.  Yup, you did the talk thing fine. Many people answer on their own talk page when questions or comments are posted there, so whenever I leave something on someone's talk page, I add that page to my watchlist so I'll see if/when they post a response there.   Elf | Talk 04:17, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Yellow-rumped warbler(s) snafu

 * OK, wait, I found something. To see what's happening, type "yellow-rumped warbler" into  your search box WITH the quotation marks around it.  That'll show you that there are actually 2 articles, one whose title is capitalized (yours) and one whose isn't. If you click on the link to the 2nd one, it'll go to Myrtle Warbler; below the title it will say Redirected from yellow-rumped warbler, and that's a link. Click that link and you'll go to the page that's causing the redirect, which is the lowercase one. Then you can edit that page to change the redirect from myrtle warbler to your correctly capitalized page.  Hope this helps.  (I didn't change it myself so that you could see what it looks like. No guarantee someone else won't fix it first, though. :-) )  Elf | Talk 22:39, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

You can try these steps to see what has happened if you'd like to:
 * 1) In the search box, type yellow-rumped warbler.
 * This displays the article.
 * 1) Click the History tab.
 * This shows who edited the article and when. You can see that your edits are there, as well as additional users afterwards.
 * 1) Click your browser's BACK button to get back to the article.
 * 2) Below the title, click where it says " Redirected from Yellow-rumped warbler".
 * This displays the page containing the redirect.
 * 1) Click the History tab at the top.
 * This shows that yesterday it redirected to Myrtle Warbler and then today someone changed it to redirect to the yellow-rumped article.

Elf | Talk 18:43, 25 Aug 2004 (UTC)

For want of anything better, Handbook of the Birds of the World is the Wikipedia standard, and where different views exist, this can be reflected in the article.

Capitals

 * nice. a "capital" addition to "food-borne infections" Sfahey 22:56, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thank you. Using too many capitals in section headings and article titles is one of the most frequent faults on Wikipedia. I just corrected some of those in arm (see Michael Hardy 13:57, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Christmas
''Thanks for moving all that wild stuff from the end. The article was otherwise near-ready for "feature" status. Sfahey 23:04, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)''

 * You're welcome.--Johnstone 22:54, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Verbosity
Yeah, I know what you mean about unnecessary verbosity. When I write something, I often sit for hours trying to figure out how to say the same thing in fewer words. User:karn 18 Sep 2004

high jump & hockey
Hey there. I am glad that you like the high jump picture. It is a public domain picture that I got from Library and Archives Canada. They have a lot of great pictures. If you are looking for other pictures, I would recommend going there. The link is http://www.collectionscanada.ca/archivianet/020115_e.html. Note that all of the pictures are related to Canada in some way, but they tend to be great pictures. If you want to see what others I have added as a comparison, check out the images in the following list: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Library_and_Archives_Canada. I linked to Library and Archives Canada whenver I took a picture from there.

As for your hockey comment, I wasn't aware that those guys were called the "Uke line". That's cool. I am a fan of hockey, but I was born in the 70s.

-- JamesTeterenko 21:53, 28 Sep 2004 (UTC)

You're most welcome...
glad somebody else caught it. I couldn't believe that a featured article would have so blatant an error...in the first sentence no less! Mackensen (talk) 06:22, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Niagara Falls pictures
Good day. I have put the two pictures up on the Niagara Falls page. Sorry for the delay, but I had a busy weekend. I just put the pictures in spots that I figured was reasonable. I don't mind pulling them in for you. However, if you would like help on how to get those images give me a bit more information about the problem you were having. Did you have problems seeing the large picture on the Archives Canada web page? Were you able to save the jpg on your computer? Did you have problems uploading the picture to Wikipedia? -- JamesTeterenko 06:29, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Feature Article
Good day. Congrats on the minimal objections so far to the Niagara Falls nomination. I like the idea of adding a popular culture section as per the current request. Another thing I wouldn't mind seeing is pictures of the other falls. I believe there is a good picture in Niagara Falls. I'd add it myself, but I am way to tired to do that right now. -- JamesTeterenko 03:32, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, I just added the picture from the Commons. I like the pictures from American Falls better, but I figured it would be better to use a different picture. -- JamesTeterenko 21:04, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Christmas
Hey, Sfahey, thanks for your message, I appreciate it. I'm impressed by the way you've managed to steer Christmas through all those national and religious sensibilities, and I absolutely didn't mean to add to your headaches. I did help shoot the article down last time you nominated it, but my intentions were good. The Swedish paragraph reads fine now--still a little bizarre (just right)! :-)--[[User:Bishonen|Bishonen (talk)]] 12:01, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

References and External links
Hi, Sfahey, I've formatted the refs and external links for Christmas, for the viewing pleasure of FAC hardasses. The principle is to avoid duplicating entries between References and External links: an external links that is also a reference goes in the Reference section, with the title made into a link, compare examples here. A few things for you to review: 1. I think the Catholic Encyclopedia is 1913, but presumably "1908" came from somewhere? I put in the template, see Wikipedia article Catholic Encyclopedia. Strictly speaking I guess one shouldn't have the dictionary in the refs section when it appears as a template, but I left it in on the overriding common-sense or ignore-all-rules principle, since the fulltext link isn't immediately available from the template. 2. I've made some assumptions about the New Columbia Dictionary material used, please check it out. 3. The Duchesne book was first published in 1889. Is the 1902 ed., which is only one of many later eds, privileged in some way (like did you actually use it?). I've provisionally changed it to 1889. But I think it's a somewhat weird reference altogether, frankly. Doesn't the Catholic Encyclopedia Christmas article already derive from it? I don't know if maybe some more of the external links could be graduated into the ref section, you're the judge of that. They'd need to be serious sites (for instance getting referred to www.yuleloveit.com would give me the wrong vibes ;-)). Incidentally, I raised my finger to delete "Christmas gifts": A tale, but then thought it might hurt somebody's feelings. But it really is, uh, well, you take a look. It's just redundant. There's tons of that stuff on the web. I'm glad to see the article's doing well on WP:FAC so far!--[[User:Bishonen|Bishonen (talk)]] 18:39, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

For a merry Christmas, best ignore Christmas
Hi, Sfahey, I hope you're having a relaxing, non-wikiholic Christmas. Advice: leave your watchlist alone, don't look in on Christmas until after the holidays, you can revert the whole mess to Featured version then and hope it'll stick. (Too much crazed editing going on there right now.)--Bishonen | (Talk) 15:10, 25 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Got your note about the Christmas article. I've been avoiding it for weeks because of the aforementioned editing frenzy. Maybe I'll go take a look again someday soon. You know we ELFs know so much about xmas...  ;-)  Elf | Talk 20:10, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

History Mystery
If someone makes no changes to a page but saves it anyway, there'll be no difference between the pages and so nothing to report in the differences/changes columns. (I suspect this usually happens with newcomers, who might play around with a page without saving the changes, but then after removing the edits, save it anyway just to be sure.) If someone adds or removes blank lines, you'll see just blank lines on one side or the other; the "+" is just an indictor of the change type. Hope this answers your question. If not, if you ever encounter what you described, give me the history URL and I'll take a peek. Elf | Talk 20:10, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Weight training
Hiya, and thank you for your edits to improve the article. It's definitely been reassuring to have an expert looking over my shoulder, making sure that I don't write total rubbish.

I have now finished the changes that various people suggested (in various places) from the peer review process. Do they look OK? Also, do you think the article is now ready to be submitted as a Featured Article Candidate? GeorgeStepanek\talk  02:13, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you for jumping in to address Taxman's comments. I like the additions that you have made, particularly regarding sport training and plyometrics, which are subjects that I know very little about. Sorry, I'm not so sure about the "is generally accepted" rephrasing: I think many people will consider that to be weasel wording. The article really needs a good (referenced) explanation of why weight training is actually the most effective technique, and I'm quite happy to do that, but it'll have to wait until Monday when I have better computer access again. GeorgeStepanek\talk  03:14, 22 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Re "Don't throw out the footnotes idea": that was not my intention at all, sorry. I have added one citation to justify the "increased metabolism following workout" assertion. I will include as many more as I can find (on Monday!). I just thought it a little strange, and not really normal wikipedia style to footnote books that are listed in the References section. Especially not for a non-technical subject like this one. (Thank you for being so patient with me!) I have also added the promised justification for the "most effective" claim. The citation is yet to come. I have also tried to clarify the relationship between reistance training and weight training.  GeorgeStepanek\talk   01:58, 23 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Thank you! Congratulations yourself, good sir. Re picture, you mean Image:DumbbellDeadlift.JPG? I have no idea how that migrated from Commons to en. I assumed it was just a quirk of MediaWiki. GeorgeStepanek\talk  21:07, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * That was my costume for the LOTR ROTK film premiere in Wellington last year. I was supposed to look like a Ranger, hence the stubble. No sword: they wouldn't let me take one on the plane. GeorgeStepanek\talk  22:31, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Space Race
Hi - I saw your (deservedly) piqued comments on WP:FAC - please don't give up - Space Race shows the results of your efforts, and it is truly appreciated by many. (As it happens, I like Exploded whale too, but there we go.) -- ALoan (Talk) 23:25, 9 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Bicycle
Hi, could you leave a message at Featured article candidates/Bicycle explaining exactly why you feel Bicycle should be featured. Thanks.--Pharos 02:29, 18 Feb 2005 (UTC)

UMD Page
Hey. The "M-Square stuff" is a massive research initiative the University's getting going with about 20+ public and private contributors. They're builiding this huge research park adjacent to the university which will house NASA, NIH, NOAA, and some other public agencies and corporations. The idea is to provide the university with continuing research opportunities and to provide students (like myself) the chance to have some excellent internship opportunities right in College Park. The entire area is being built in stages with the first part opening late this year or early next. You can check out the university's pamphlet about it too if you want to know more: http://www.inform.umd.edu/nowandthen/news/msquare.pdf

Talk:Weight training
Thank you for your kind words, and for your support. I must admit to having had little experience with edit conflicts so far—weight training having been long-forgotten corner of Wikipedia—so I'm just doing my best here. What's a little frustrating is that Dan100 could be adding real value to the article, but not in the way that he's editing now. GeorgeStepanek\talk  00:03, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Sigh. Even though I merged in many of Dan100's changes, and invited him to discuss the remainder, he simply reverted back to his version. I think he may be seeking a revert war here. If he does, could I ask you to back me up, please? I don't want to fall foul of the 3RR. Thanks! GeorgeStepanek\talk  22:50, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your kind words and support—again! Yes, I'll be happy to write up the aerobic vs anaerobic distinction, although I fear that my explanation will only be an entry-level one. I'll have some time for it next week. GeorgeStepanek\talk  09:02, 12 Mar 2005 (UTC)
 * Just to let you know that on the wikien-l mailing list Blair is claiming that he was working with you in the recent edit war: "No, George, the page history shows Sfahey and I were working on it..." Also, that I'll be taking an indefinite leave of absence from Wikipedia. I've explained my reasons here. Thank you for all your support: it was very nice indeed working with you. GeorgeStepanek\talk  21:42, 20 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Thank you for your very kind words.

It was certainly a learning experience for me. To be honest, I wasn't really suprised by the surge in vandalism when Weight Training was featured on the front page. Nor even by the sudden appearance of POV-warriors like Dan100 and Blair P. Houghton, who were prepared to use any means necessary to delete and rewrite the existing text in order to get the page to reflect their POV. (As opposed to adding descriptions and information regarding opposing POVs, which is what anyone else would do.)

No, what really suprised me was the support these individuals (and their behaviour) have amongst a significant segment of the admin community—including Cecropia, who appears to be a well-respected admin and bureaucrat. I was completely unaware of the political minefield that I was stepping into. To me, it felt like being mugged by a policeman.

What I also learnt is that while I can attempt a "defence" like this, I am not well suited to the role. I get too badly affected by the stress and unpleasantness. It is far better for me, therefore, to find quiet corners of Wikipedia in which to work. (Indeed, "Weight training" was just such a quiet corner, until I was foolish enough to make it into a featured article.)

Anyhow, I'll be shortly going on a much-needed, long holiday. Who knows? Wikipedia may well have fixed up its policies and procedures regarding POV-warriors by the time I get back. GeorgeStepanek 00:58, 23 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * In case anyone ever stumbles over this, I'd just like to point out ('for the record') that George was attempting to force out alternate PoV edits (ie attempts to present a NPOV). I refer anyone who wants to know more to the history of Weight training around early March, where you can see the evidence yourself and make your own mind up. Dan100 17:06, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

Gangtok
Thanks for the Gangtok copyedits and your support. =Nichalp (Talk)= 13:25, Jun 5, 2005 (UTC)

thanks for voting for krill
hallo to Washington - best regards Uwe Kils 04:38, Jun 21, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Sfahey said: ... for (reading and) fixing the "Style Invitational" article. Now you ought to find it on  this Sunday ... go to the "Style" section ... and see about entering it, too. Sfahey 02:44, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Hi there. I have to admit your message has left me a tad confused. What is it you need me to do? I haven't really done that much to the article, in my eyes, and am not sure what you want me to do for it further. Please advise. Thank you. Bobo192 | Edits

Sfahey said: I was pleased that someone far away had read the article, and closely enough to pick out two typos at that. My suggestion was simply that you go to the listed website on Sunday, scroll around for the "Style" section of that day's newspaper, and try your hand at the contest. This Sunday the "Empress" will explain the upcoming contest, and print the results from a (pretty good) contest from earlier this summer.

Well, the main reason I got around to reading the article was a list of articles with grammatical errors, for which I have begun to amend them. I'm not sure about me and the contest, I'll check it out right now. Thank you. Bobo192 | Edits

Weight training suggestion
I'd be glad to try my hand at something. Could you point me toward the part of the weight-training article that you were thinking of? Jeremy J. Shapiro 19:25, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

Asthma

 * I agree with your recent edit adding comment under 'Asthma and athletics' about exercise-induced asthma. But why is mild asthma more likely to be diagnosed in an athlete ? - surely someone with moderate-severe asthma is more likely to be diagnosed.
 * I wonder if what you meant to imply is that those with very-mild asthma would normal go undiagnosed in the general population, but by reason of being an athlete, they exacerbate the condition with EIA and so unmask the presence of the condition ?
 * There also ought to be a firmer mention in this section about the regulation of broncho-dilator use by professional atheletes (Olympic Committee/Athletic Federation rules etc etc) . I think you are likely to be better qualified in this than myself as a GP. David Ruben Talk 01:55, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Date links
Since you have taken an interest in date links. Please be kind enough to vote for my new bot application. bobblewik 20:16, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Hi
Because I've been bumping into you on a couple of pages lately and appreciate your edits, and notice your interests are varied, I'm wondering if you'd take a look at the Paul Robeson page. Don't know if you know of Robeson (or have heard him sing) but stalemate needs to be broken over there. If you have time would you take a look? Tx. skywriter 07:36, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Inane?
Hi. I reverted your change which removed the word "pushbike" from Bicycle. I'm unclear why you think this is "inane": the term is common in some areas, though possibly not the US, and pushbike redirects to Bicycle, so it should be both mentioned and bolded. I appreciate you have done a lot of work on that article and may feel a sense of ownership, but please keep in mind that we must be as inclusive as possible and write for an international audience. Besides, never heard of "The pushbike song"? Graham 03:50, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for spending the time improving the Canada article. I've also made the changes in regarding your suggestions. -- Jeff3000 03:42, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Space Race
Hey there. I noticed that you nominated Space race for FA more than a year ago and you may have noticed that the page has been taken to WP:FAR (at the bottom of the major reviews section). This is the new FA removal process. One problem is the lack of in-line citations. Is there anyway you can work backwards from the references (assuming you were involved in going through them to begin with) and maybe introduce some cites? Any other comments on the current review welcome. The nominator has pointed out some problems with structure. Cheers, Marskell 16:17, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Arlington County, Project of the Week
I saw that you recently edited Arlington County, Virginia. It is just one vote away from being the US project of the week. But if it fails to get that one vote before Sunday, it will be dropped altogether. Please consider voting for it. Thank you. Thesmothete 05:12, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

Bicycle listed for review
I've listed Bicycle at Featured article review, primarily due to problem with the references. You may read my concerns at Featured article review/Bicycle and leave comments regarding the article's status if you wish.  Pagra shtak  23:06, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Christmas
I've comprehensively re-edited the Christmas article over the last couple of months. I thought this would be a good time to seek FA status again. Read it and tell me what you think. Kauffner 22:56, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Center Harbor, New Hampshire and Brad Leighton
Hi, Sfahey! I noticed you removed Brad from the Ctr Harbor page. Jut curious why? I didn't put him there, but I see from his bio he actually was born there. Thanks :) -- SatyrTN 01:58, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Nah. I think I just moved him out of the "lead" paragraph. He ain't no Richard Petty. Sfahey 22:26, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
 * LOL! Kewl :)  I noticed other towns have a "Notable Inhabitants" section - I've put him there. SatyrTN
 * R.I.P., Brad

SI Hi
Well, now I know there is at least one other Loser registered here. I have not contributed that much to the Post's drain on workplace productivity in recent months but still check in regularly for some reason. Ciao! --Wspencer11 (talk to me...) 12:37, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

HIV
Hello. I remember that you did some editing to the HIV article a while back. It has undergone considerable work since that time but it does require a copyedit. If you have time, a look with fresh eyes from someone experienced in getting articles to FA would be appreciated. Thank you. --Bob 17:03, 19 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Aha. Das ist sehr gut! I went to an excellent talk on the topic by an NIH scientist this week. I may even be able to ADD something, intead of just sniping at others' efforts. Sfahey 20:52, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Feingold diet
Hi! We need a few second opinions on the Feingold diet page. It started out as a crib from QuackWatch, and was re-written by Shula and me. It's now pretty much in the Feingold camp. What we need is some fresh eyes to get it encyclopedic and balanced. Hope you can help. --Slashme 07:50, 12 October 2006 (UTC)
 * thanks for note re "Feingold", but I believe I know (and believe) less about all that stuff than any M.D. I know. I just tell people to have a glass of water and leafy salad before each meal, have three colors of food at each meal, and eat 1/3rd less of each color than usual. btw, did you proofread that hat you're sporting? Sfahey 11:26, 12 October 2006 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks. If you know someone who can help, etc. etc...  As for the hat, no.  Not even the sporting section. --Slashme 11:50, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Doing something about the ridiculous date autoformatting/linking mess
Dear Sfahey—you may be interested in putting your name to, or at least commenting on this new push to get the developers to create a parallel syntax that separates autoformatting and linking functions. IMV, it would go a long way towards fixing the untidy blueing of trivial chronological items, and would probably calm the nastiness between the anti- and pro-linking factions in the project. The proposal is to retain the existing function, to reduce the risk of objection from pro-linkers.Tony 15:07, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

Paris 1919
Hello, this one's a bit of a blast from the past but I've been doing some reading on the Balfour Declaration, and came across this edit of yours, re: Balfour and someone's Jewish wife: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balfour_Declaration_of_1917&diff=25000537&oldid=25000107

It was removed about a year later because no quote could be found in Paris 1919. I have just tonight been looking for it as well to no avail. I was hoping you could shed some light on the matter, thanks! -Yipperson 07:20, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Ha. I just spent a half hour googling to try to find the source, b/c I couldn't recall the name of the book in which I read that item. When I returned here, I reread your post and ...voila... you had already reminded me of the title. It had to have been in one of the Israel chapters of that book, since I don't recall reading anything else in that kind of detail on the subject. Sfahey 15:30, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi there, thanks for taking the time. I'm pretty interested in finding this specific source/reference, so if you've ever got nothing to do, there'd be no end to my appreciation if you could take another look at P1919. I took another scan thru it today via the index and didn't come up with anything. Maybe I have a different edition, or maybe I'm just not looking in the right place... Anyway, much oblige! -Yipperson 05:58, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Roe v. Wade Featured Article Review
Hi, I noticed that you were involved in the initial review of this article. It's now up for review again, and your comments are invited. See here.Ferrylodge 05:19, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Center Harbor, NH
Thanks for those cleanups to the images on Ctr Harbor! I wondered if you would mind if I returned the Notable inhabitants back, though? All the NH cities and towns have a standard layout, with that section called "notable inhabitants" and after the "History" section. Thanks again! -- SatyrTN (talk | contribs) 14:30, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Yeah, sure. I didn't remove it, just added Penny Pitou and changed it to what I thought was the usual location and name, lower in the article. Sfahey 14:33, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Fly
Hi,

I created the entry for Fly (exercise) and thought you might be interested in looking it over, based on your past contributions. I'm not even sure it makes sense.

WLU 15:09, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

FAR of Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls has been nominated for a featured article review. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. Please leave your comments and help us to return the article to featured quality. If concerns are not addressed during the review period, articles are moved onto the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Remove" the article from featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. Reviewers' concerns are here.  V 6 0  干什么？ · 喝掉的酒  ·  ER 4 19:54, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

Anna Kournikova
Hey, can you explain what you are trying to do with this article? Your edit introduced some broken formatting over the entire article so it was easier to revert completely instead of fixing issue by issue. -SpuriousQ (talk) 15:23, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Really, what are you doing? It's difficult to tell because your edit summary simply says "elim extra spaces".  Your version has formatting that reads like this:
 * "FHM and Maxim.Kournikova was named"
 * "U.S. and UK editions.By contrast"
 * "athletes. {{fact|date=January 2007 "
 * I know you're trying to improve the article, but it's too hard for me to tell what you're doing. May I suggest making smaller, incremental edits with explanatory edit summaries? -SpuriousQ (talk) 02:11, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Beats me where those spacing things came from. I believe I found and fixed them, and returned the thing to where it was WITHOUT those little beasties. Sfahey (talk) 03:39, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

Phillies
In noticing that you have made several edits to Phillies-related articles, I thought that you might be interested in joining us. Hope to hear more from you soon! KV5 •  Squawk box  •  Fight on!  12:01, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Sfahey! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to insure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. if you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 19:39, 8 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Gothard Lane -

Proposed deletion of Christmas by medium

The article Christmas by medium has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
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Virginia Tech Project Invite
Go Hokies (talk) 00:39, 17 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:48, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

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Chances Are... moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, Chances Are..., does not have enough sources and citations as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page.  CASSIOPEIA(talk) 11:33, 25 August 2019 (UTC)

It appears criteria for starting articles have tightened since I used to do so years ago. Thanks, I guess. Sfahey (talk) 12:18, 25 August 2019 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Sfahey