text:
Talk:Pollen tube

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 2 April 2019 and 6 June 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Calliez97. Peer reviewers: Calliez97.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 02:30, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
Im currently taking a plant biology class, and I have learned about pollen tube evolution from ferns to angiosperms with free living sperm to fast growing pollen tubes for non-motile sperm. In this article, there is little information about the evolution and mechanism of the tube formation. This is an important structure in transferring pollen, specifically for non-motile sperm.

I want to focus on studies that reflect on cell communication and signaling in pollen tube formation, the evolution of pollen tube from seed ferns to gymnosperms, and highlight the process among different species (specifically in rate of growth).

Here are some sources I have looked into: Signaling for pollen tube growth[1] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00497-018-0324-7 Pollen tube guidance [2] http://jcs.biologists.org/content/131/2/jcs208447 Evolution and growth rate [3] http://www.jstor.org/stable/2830891?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents How pollen tubes grow[4] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160606014035 pollen germination and tube growth[6] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15012271 pollen tube growth promoting proteins[7] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10792832

--Mamilln1 (talk) 15:53, 7 March 2018 (UTC)mamilln1

..sounds like a K12-article graded E. Rewrite pls!

Hi, I'm a current biology student at TCNJ and was thinking of improving this article with some more information for the Wikipedia world. Below are some sources I found that I think will enhance this article: 1. Discusses key molecules involved in pollen tube guidance. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-arplant-043014-115635 2. Significant effects of the genes WITs and WIPs on pollen nuclear migration. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/42919119.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Ab63c939a33685e6087e870a203a632c2 3. Pollen tube growth as a function of the female gametophyte: synergids, FER, LRE, NTA, ZmES4, and PT reception. https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1369526611001191/1-s2.0-S1369526611001191-main.pdf?_tid=bf04dd4e-d663-4338-9d09-ad4076541353&acdnat=1520010386_8e7a9c7ed5f898089a52cd3f1e2eb3e9 4. Phosphatidic acid concentrations define distinct region in tip-growing pollen tubes; fluorescent images of PT growth shown. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/newphytologist.203.2.483.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A30a1e8b7dd12495df0be3b409df691d0 5. Density-dependence in pollen tube growth stages. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2444302.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A3992caaf84fa47879f421e5f1944b3a9 6. Development of the PT of Zamia furfuracea and its evolutionary implications; intracelluar growth and outgrowth. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2445264.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Adac0c3ae97e6e65f866ad8a9f7e84fb8 7. Nitric oxide modulates the influx of extracellular Ca2+ and actin filament organization during cell wall construction in P. bungeana PTs. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/30224812.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A6ccd07752c7f137ec4a5ccc9a8a6d8ea 8. Absence of the PT in carboniferous forms and the presence of the haustorial PT. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2435093.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A4dd50e45f960e3d04c1108aefa74fd7d 9. PT pathway, synchrony, and asynchrony. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3558245.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A02277dd283ac54cab5c6d40b0af7085a With these sources, I hope to improve upon the "Pollen tube guidance section" and create a new section regarding its evolution perhaps and origins, and then also include information about its growth and factors that affect this process. 10. PT growth rates and diversification of flowering plant reproductive cycles (angiosperms). http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.1086/665822.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Aecd1972521d4cca42cc1fa526331a110 IKontogiannis (talk) 17:47, 3 March 2018 (UTC)IKontogiannis

This entry is constantly being attacked in order to wrongly 'correct' two words. The attacker seems to be some kind of 'bot'. Is this the laughable state of Wikipedia? Do the high ranking mods of Wikipedia treat this resource as some kind of sick game, with COD like 'achievements' gained by number of edits, and dominance over articles? It is bad enough that historic and political entries exist here merely to reflect the goals of the USA and Israel. One might have guessed that the trolls that oversee the 'correctness' of said articles would, eventually, impact on the quality of neutral science and maths entries as well. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.173.204.250 (talk) 16:48, 30 June 2011 (UTC)

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
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Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 20 March 2019 and 30 April 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Gj25lee, ASmitty10.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 06:53, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Pollen tube and vegetative cell purpose
This article says "The vegetative cell then produces the pollen tube...". The Pollen article says "Each pollen grain contains vegetative (non-reproductive) cells (only a single cell in most flowering plants but several in other seed plants) and a generative (reproductive) cell containing two nuclei: a tube nucleus (that produces the pollen tube)...". Does the vegetative cell produce the pollen tube, or not?
 * This is probably quite a mess wherever it is treated. It was discovered only recently that the sperm cells are actually cells, with cell membranes, and in previous literature there were said to be three nuclei: the tube nucleus, and the two sperm nuclei within one cell, and that cell produced the pollen tube. Now it is clear that a cell division separates the tube cell and the generative cell. The generative cell then divides to make two sperm cells (in angiosperms). Sorry, no time just now to seek good citations, but they need to be authoritative references, probably from journal articles rather than from oldish textbooks ...

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23217059. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Sminthopsis84 (talk) 21:44, 6 April 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pollen tube


text:
User:Greenmoss

Just another wikipedia user. I'm in Falls Church, Virginia. My homepage is here. You can *non-spam* email me at ktywikipedia at yoderhome dot com. I am married to a wonderful lady from the Philippines, and have two children.

Interests: Linux, Mac OS, Perl, PHP, computer games (Freeciv, Total Annihilation). Non-computer interests: history, languages and cultures of the world, gardening, do-it-yourself type repairs, moderate amounts of physics, space/astronomy.

I speak primarily English, and am also comfortable conversing in and reading German. I have also picked up varying amounts of Spanish, Mandarin Chinese, French, Dutch, Japanese, and Tagalog.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Greenmoss


text:
World War II cryptography

Cryptography was used extensively during World War II because of the importance of radio communication and the ease of radio interception. The nations involved fielded a plethora of code and cipher systems, many of the latter using rotor machines. As a result, the theoretical and practical aspects of cryptanalysis, or codebreaking, were much advanced.

Possibly the most important codebreaking event of the war was the successful decryption by the Allies of the German "Enigma" Cipher. The first break into Enigma was accomplished by Polish Cipher Bureau around 1932; the techniques and insights used were passed to the French and British Allies just before the outbreak of the war in 1939. They were substantially improved by British efforts at Bletchley Park during the war. Decryption of the Enigma Cipher allowed the Allies to read important parts of German radio traffic on important networks and was an invaluable source of military intelligence throughout the war. Intelligence from this source and other high level sources, such as Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher, was eventually called Ultra.

A similar break into the most secure Japanese diplomatic cipher, designated Purple by the US Army Signals Intelligence Service, started before the US entered the war. Product from this source was called Magic.

On the other side, German code breaking in World War II achieved some notable successes cracking British naval and other ciphers.

Australia

 * Central Bureau
 * FRUMEL: Fleet Radio Unit, Melbourne
 * Secret Intelligence Australia

Finland

 * Finnish Defence Intelligence Agency

France

 * PC Bruno
 * Hans-Thilo Schmidt

Germany

 * Enigma machine
 * Fish (cryptography) British codename for German teleprinter ciphers
 * Lorenz cipher a Fish cipher codenamed Tunny by the British
 * Siemens and Halske T52 Geheimfernschreiber, a Fish cipher codenamed Sturgeon by the British
 * Short Weather Cipher
 * B-Dienst
 * Reservehandverfahren
 * OKW/CHI
 * Gisbert Hasenjaeger

Italy

 * Hagelin machine
 * Enigma machine

Japan

 * Japanese army and diplomatic codes
 * Japanese naval codes
 * PURPLE
 * JN-25

Poland

 * Cryptanalysis of the Enigma
 * Biuro Szyfrów (Cipher Bureau)
 * Marian Rejewski
 * Jerzy Różycki
 * Henryk Zygalski
 * bomba
 * Lacida Machine

Sweden

 * Arne Beurling

United Kingdom

 * Bletchley Park
 * Cryptanalysis of the Enigma
 * Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher
 * Far East Combined Bureau (FECB)
 * Naval Intelligence Division (NID)
 * Wireless Experimental Centre (WEC)
 * Bombe
 * Colossus computer
 * Typex
 * SYKO
 * Ultra
 * Alan Turing
 * W. T. Tutte
 * John Tiltman
 * Max Newman
 * Tommy Flowers
 * I. J. Good
 * John Herivel
 * Leo Marks
 * Gordon Welchman
 * Poem code

United States

 * Magic (cryptography)
 * Signals Intelligence Service US Army, see also Arlington Hall
 * OP-20-G US Navy Signals Intelligence group
 * Elizebeth Smith Friedman
 * William Friedman
 * Frank Rowlett
 * Abraham Sinkov
 * Genevieve Grotjan Feinstein
 * Leo Rosen
 * Joseph Rochefort, leader of the effort to crack Japanese Naval codes
 * Joseph Mauborgne
 * Agnes Meyer Driscoll
 * SIGABA cipher machine
 * SIGSALY voice encryption
 * SIGTOT one-time tape system
 * M-209 cipher machine
 * Station HYPO cryptanalysis group
 * Station CAST cryptanalysis group
 * Station NEGAT

title: World War II cryptography


text:
User talk:Greenmoss

Go ahead, say something!

Pimmit Hills
Hi Greenmoss, I saw your additions to Pimmit Hills, Virginia, "the area is known for its population of large Oak, Poplar, and Cedar trees" - this strikes me as a rather unusual mix of trees to plant, are you sure of the identifications? - Quercus I can understand, but Populus is notoriously bad as an urban tree due to its invasive root system (many communities ban planting it), and Cedrus hasn't been widely planted in the US until very recent years due to low availability - MPF 13:56, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Pimmit Hills
No, I'm not really sure of the species. I've since read that we have Tulip trees instead of Poplars. I should probably change the Wiki entry again.
 * Thanks for checking! I can do the change if you like - MPF 10:13, 6 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Calabasa
You didn't leave your signature on my talk page, so at first I wasn't sure who was writing to me. Chang is the Wade-Giles transliteration of my name. The pinyin transliteration is Zhang. I removed the category:vegetable link by accident. I double checked the differences between calabash and calabasa (calabaza) using www.dictionary.com plus some additional sites that I searched from google. Allentchang 01:23, 10 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Note that the correct word in Spanish is "Calabaza". "Calabasa" doesn't even appear on Spanish dictionaries.

Image copyright problem with Image:Karte Montevideo MKL1888 kl.png
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Post-nasal Drip
Greenmoss, I left a talk comment om the Post-nasal Drip page. Please read. The gist of it is that mucus does not *generally speaking* come from the sinuses. -- Derkire (talk) 21:52, 24 April 2010 (UTC)

File permission problem with File:Calabasa fruit.jpg
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This will assist those reviewing the many many "free" images on commons that have not yet been transferred to Commons. ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 14:07, 18 September 2017 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Calabasa leaf.jpg
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title: User talk:Greenmoss


text:
Talk:List of giant sequoia groves

What's a grove??
The following unsigned comment seems to be fixed now by groves link. It's still a good question. -- Rosetta

''The very question I came to the page with was not answered by the content on the page: What is a grove? Is it just an ad-hoc group of trees?''

Table vs. list version
Three was a fragment pointing to this simple list version. Since it is exactly *not* a table version, it seems to be wrongly named. Or maybe my understanding is wrong ? It's also questionable if it will be kept in sync witht he main article. I wonder what to do with it. Is there a way to automaticly extract the table contents into text list ? -- Rosetta

/Table version

Redwood National and State Parks designation REMOVED
"Redwood National and State Parks" is a VERY specific name for only REDWOOD NATIONAL PARK and the three state parks (Prarie Creek, Del Norte Coast, and Jedediah Smith) that are located adjacent to (actually touching) Redwood National Park. This category is in error listing any parks beyond those three State parks in addition to RNP and will confuse readers. No other parks are included in the historic management compact that exists in between only the three listed state parks and Redwood National Park. Disagree? Call/Check sources related to Redwood National Park Headquarters in Crescent City, CA...Norcalal (talk) 07:32, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

 * I think you should ask this question on the talk page of Sequoia sempervirens which is another species in the coast ranges, aka 'Coast Redwood', and is not the 'Giant Sequoia' of the Sierra Nevada. --Rosetta — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.131.89.115 (talk) 05:29, 4 October 2021 (UTC)

References needed for additional 14 groves
expanded the list from 68 to 82 groves. The previous list of 68 was a union between Willard's 65 groves and Flint/s 65 groves.

What is the source for the additional 14 groves? Could that source be added to the article? Thanks! — hike395 (talk) 09:09, 27 November 2019 (UTC)

 * No discussion after >2 years, so I'm going to revert to the old list. — hike395 (talk) 00:02, 2 September 2022 (UTC) This is a very complex issue with multiple RSes contradicting each other. Will investigate further. — hike395 (talk) 02:20, 2 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of giant sequoia groves


text:
Dino Ferari

Dino Ferari (born Ermanno Ghisio Erba in Rome, Italy) is an Italian drummer who has worked with a number of British bands. He played with former Tyrannosaurus Rex percussionist Steve Peregrin Took's band Steve Took's Horns alongside Trev Thoms on guitar. After The Horns both Thoms and Ferari joined former Hawkwind saxophonist Nik Turner in Inner City Unit.

He has worked with other ex-Hawkwind members including Ron Tree. Ferari has also played with Andy Anderson (The Cure), Gilli Smyth, Didier Malherbe (Gong), Captain Sensible (The Damned) and, in America, Question Mark & the Mysterians. Since the late 1990s Ferari has been working mostly in Italy while occasionally performing with the Inner City Unit in the UK.

title: Dino Ferari


text:
McVille

McVille may refer to:

United States

 * McVille, Indiana
 * McVille, Kentucky
 * McVille, North Dakota
 * McVille, Pennsylvania

Other

 * The McCrary House, a historic farm house near Huntsville, Alabama, United States

title: McVille


text:
User:TheCustomOfLife/sockpuppet

Sockpuppetry at its finest!

title: User:TheCustomOfLife/sockpuppet


text:
McKinnon

McKinnon, MacKinnon or Mackinnon is a Scottish surname. (Gaelic: Mac Fhionghain),

Notable people with this surname include:

 * Allan McKinnon (1917–1990), Canadian politician, MP – Victoria 1972-1988
 * Alexander "Alex" McKinnon (1895–1949), Canadian professional hockey forward
 * Alexander J. McKinnon (1856–1887) American Major League Baseball first baseman
 * Angus MacKinnon, Scottish footballer (Queen's Park, Scotland)
 * Angus McKinnon (1886–1968), Scottish footballer (Arsenal)
 * Angus McKinnon Young (born 1955), Australian Lead Guitarist of band AC/DC and co-founder of AC/DC
 * Atholl McKinnon (1932–1983), South African cricketer
 * Barry McKinnon (born 1944), Canadian poet
 * Betty McKinnon (1925–1981), Australian sprinter, silver medal – 4 x 100 metre relay – 1948 Summer Olympics in London
 * Bill or Billy Mackinnon, several people
 * Bob MacKinnon, American basketball coach
 * Bob MacKinnon Jr. (born 1960), American basketball coach
 * Casey McKinnon (born 1978), Canadian producer & star of Galacticast
 * Catharine MacKinnon, American feminist (born 1946)
 * Catherine McKinnon (born 1944), Canadian actress and folk & pop singer
 * Cedric McKinnon (1968–2016), American football player
 * Clinton "Bär" McKinnon (born 1969) American saxophone musician in Melbourne, Australia
 * Clinton Dotson McKinnon (1906–2001) American politician
 * Colin Francis MacKinnon, (1810–1879), Canadian Roman Catholic Archbishop
 * Dan Mackinnon, (1903–1983), Australian politician
 * Dave MacKinnon, Scottish professional football player
 * David MacKinnon (born 1994), American baseball player
 * Dennis Lewis McKinnon (born 1961), professional American NFL football player
 * Donald McKinnon (disambiguation), several people, including:
 * Don McKinnon (born 1939), New Zealand politician
 * Donald Alexander MacKinnon (1863–1928), Canadian teacher, lawyer, politician and author
 * Donald Mackinnon (1859–1932), Australian politician
 * Donnie McKinnon (born 1940), Scottish footballer
 * Ellen MacKinnon (1926–2001), Canadian politician
 * Esther Blaikie MacKinnon (1885–1934), Scottish artist
 * Francis MacKinnon (1848–1947), British cricketer
 * Frank Douglas MacKinnon (1871–1946), English lawyer, judge and writer
 * Frank McKinnon (1934–2015), Canadian sports executive
 * Fred McKinnon (b. 196?), American basketball player
 * Gary McKinnon (born 1966), British computer hacker
 * Gary Wesley McKinnon (born 1961), Canadian Motorsports hall of fame member

 * George Edward MacKinnon (1906–1995), American politician
 * Gillies MacKinnon, Scottish film director
 * Glen McKinnon (born 1937), Canadian educator and Liberal Party politician
 * Harry McKinnon (1910–1989), Australian rugby league footballer and administrator
 * Hector McKinnon CC, CMG (1891–1981) Canadian government civil servant
 * James MacKinnon (disambiguation), several people

 * Jana McKinnon, Australian actress, plays the lead role in 2023 TV series Bad Behaviour
 * Janice MacKinnon (born 1947), Canadian historian
 * John McKinnon (disambiguation), several people, including:
 * John Kenneth McKinnon (1936–2019), Canadian politician & Commissioner of the Yukon (1986–1995)
 * John McKinnon (ophthalmologist) (born 1938), New Zealand mountaineer and ophthalmologist
 * John Walter McKinnon (born 1950), New Zealand diplomat and public servant
 * Johnny McKinnon (1902–1969), Canadian professional NHL hockey player
 * Jon MacKinnon, Canadian field hockey player
 * Kate McKinnon (born 1984), comedian
 * Lachlan Mackinnon, Scottish poet, critic and literary journalist
 * Sir Lachlan Mackinnon (clan chief), 17th century chief of the Clan Mackinnon
 * Leila McKinnon (born 1972), Australian TV reporter
 * Marguerite McKinnon (born 1970), Australian journalist
 * Malcolm McKinnon (born 1950), New Zealand historian
 * Mark McKinnon (born 1955), adviser to President George W. Bush
 * McKay McKinnon, American plastic surgeon
 * Murdock MacKinnon (1865–1944), Canadian politician
 * Nathan MacKinnon, Canadian hockey player
 * Neil Mackinnon, 17th century minister in the Isle of Skye
 * Peter MacKinnon, Canadian lawyer and academic
 * Quintin McKinnon, New Zealand explorer
 * Rebecca MacKinnon, American journalist
 * Roderick MacKinnon, Nobel laureate
 * Ronald McKinnon (American football) (born 1973), American football
 * Ronnie McKinnon (1940–2023), Scottish footballer for Rangers and Scotland
 * Ross McKinnon (b.????) Australian rugby league player
 * Sam Mackinnon, Australian basketball player
 * Simmone Jade Mackinnon, Australian actress
 * Stuart McKinnon (1938–2022), British judge
 * Wade McKinnon (born 1981) Australian NRL rugby player
 * Walter McKinnon (1910–1998), senior officer in the New Zealand Army
 * William Mackinnon (disambiguation), several people

title: McKinnon


text:
Savage Amusement

Savage Amusement is the tenth studio album by the German hard rock band Scorpions, released in 1988. It peaked at No. 5 in the US and was certified platinum by the RIAA on June 20, 1988. It was the last Scorpions record to be produced by Dieter Dierks.

Cover art
The cover shows a woman wearing a black dress on a dark blue background. With her right hand she hides her eyes; thus, only her mouth and nose are visible. The cover of Savage Amusement is notable, however, for the fact that instead of the lady's right leg, a scorpion tail is seen. The typical band logo is shown on the upper left, while the title of the album is found in the lower right corner, in red, and underlined (also in red).

Personnel

 * Scorpions
 * Klaus Meine – lead vocals, backing vocals
 * Rudolf Schenker – rhythm guitars, lead guitars, slide guitars, acoustic guitars, backing vocals
 * Matthias Jabs – lead guitars, rhythm guitars, acoustic guitars, voice box, backing vocals
 * Francis Buchholz – bass, backing vocals
 * Herman Rarebell – drums, backing vocals

 * Additional musicians
 * Lee Aaron – backing vocals on "Rhythm of Love"
 * Peter Baltes – intro vocals on "Every Minute Every Day"

 * Production
 * Dieter Dierks – producer, engineer, mixing on tracks 2 and 9
 * Ian Taylor, Gerd Rautenbach – engineers
 * Mike Shipley – mixing on tracks 2 and 9
 * Nigel Green and Scorpions – mixing at Battery Studios, London
 * Howie Weinberg – mastering at Masterdisk, New York

title: Savage Amusement


text:
David T. Hardy

David T. Hardy (born February 25, 1951) is an American private attorney and has practiced law since 1975. A graduate of the University of Arizona Law School, he previously served as an attorney with the U.S. Department of the Interior in Washington, D.C., for ten years and now lives in Tucson, Arizona, where he practices law.

He is a supporter of the Second Amendment, as well as of the First Amendment and an author, primarily on Second Amendment issues.

Hardy has written for legal journals on Second and Fourteenth Amendment, as well as on the origins of gun control in America. His writings have featured in court cases, being cited in amicus briefs and directly in the majority opinion and Clarence Thomas's concurrence in McDonald v. Chicago., District of Columbia v. Heller, 128 S. Ct. 2783 – Supreme Court 2008 and Hardy v. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms 631 F. 2d 653 - Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit, 1980. Hardy runs a webpage titled ‘Of Arms and the Law'. The site includes a self-biography, an archive of some of his writings, law review articles, links to pro Second Amendment webpages, and a link to Second Amendment blogs. There is also The Home Page of David T. Hardy which includes more of his archives and links to related pages. Hardy's scholarly papers, including topics including the Fourteenth Amendment, The Bill of Rights, and Originalism as it applies to the Second Amendment can be found on the Social Science Resource Network.

Hardy authored a book and website critical of the filmmaker Michael Moore due to Moore's film Bowling for Columbine supporting gun control.

Law review articles

 * Hardy, David T. and Stompoly, John (1974). Of Arms and the Law Chicago-Kent Law Review, 51, 62–113. Online
 * Hardy, David T. (1986). The Firearms Owners' Protection Act: A historical and legal perspective. Cumberland Law Review, 17, 585–682. Online
 * Hardy, David T. (1986). Armed citizens, citizen armies: Toward a jurisprudence of the Second Amendment. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 9, 559–638. Online
 * Hardy, David T. (1987). The Second Amendment and the historiography of the Bill of Rights. Journal of Law & Politics, 4, 1–62. Online
 * Hardy, David T. (2007). A well–regulated militia: The Founding Fathers and the origin of gun control in America. William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal, 15, 1237–1284.
 * Hardy, David T. (2007). Standing to Sue in the Absence of Prosecution: Can a Case Be Too Controversial for Case or Controversy? Thomas Jefferson Law Review, Vol. 30, p. 53, 2007. Online
 * Hardy, David T. (2008). The Lecture Notes of St. George Tucker: A Framing Era View of the Bill of Rights. Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 103, p. 272, 2008. Online
 * Hardy, David T. (2008). McDonald v. Chicago: Fourteenth Amendment Incorporation and Judicial Role Reversals. New York University Journal of Law and Liberty Vol. 8 No. 1. Online
 * Hardy, David T. (2009). Original Popular Understanding of the Fourteenth Amendment as Reflected in the Print Media of 1866-1868. Whittier Law Review, 30 695–722. Online
 * Hardy, David T. (2009). Originalism and its Tools: A Few Caveats. Akron Law Review, Forthcoming. Online
 * Hardy, David T. (2011). The Recent Rise, and More Recent Demise, of the 'Collective Right' Interpretation of the Second Amendment. Cleveland State Law Review, Vol. 59, No. 3, 2011. Online
 * Hardy, David. T. (2014). Dred Scott, John San(d)Ford, and the Case for Collusion. Northern Kentucky Law Review, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2014. Online

Books

 * Hardy, David T. (1986). Origins and Development of the Second Amendment: A Sourcebook, Blacksmith Corporation. ISBN 0-941540-13-8
 * Hardy, David T., & Kimball, Rex (2001). This Is Not an Assault: Penetrating the Web of Official Lies Regarding the Waco Incident, Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 0-7388-6341-6
 * Hardy, David T., & Clarke, Jason. (2004). Michael Moore Is a Big Fat Stupid White Man, Harper Collins. ISBN 0-06-076395-7

Films

 * Hardy, David T. (2006). In Search of the Second Amendment. Second Amendment Films LLC.

title: David T. Hardy


text:
Michael Portnoy

Michael Portnoy (born August 2, 1971) is an American visual artist, filmmaker, choreographer and performance artist. He calls himself a "Director of Behavior". He has been described in Art in America as "one of the most interesting performance artists anywhere", and by Artforum as "the great Absurdist".

Background and early work
Portnoy was born in Washington, D.C., and studied comparative literature and creative writing at Vassar College and theater at the National Theater Institute at The Eugene O'Neill Theater Center. After moving to New York City, he formed several short-lived experimental theater groups and then began concentrating on solo performance. His early performance works, such as Gymnastics and Schizophrenia and 5teen3sy: Kicking Games of Lip, were antic and unpredictable, and characterized by dense language play, song and movement fragments and rapid transformations of character. In the mid 1990s, Portnoy regularly performed in venues such as Surf Reality and Luna Lounge's weekly show "Eating It", the epicenter of New York's alternative comedy scene. His wild and abstract theatrical performances, which occasionally interrupted and challenged other comedians on stage, prompted Time Out New York to describe him as "the bad boy of comedy", and the New York Post to dub him "the next Andy Kaufman". At the same time, Portnoy started working as a dancer for the New York choreographer Koosil-Ja Hwang, and as an actor. He also sang and performed his own operatic, electro-progressive-rock music as XAR, and with the band The Liquid Tapedeck.

Soy Bomb
For Bob Dylan's performance of "Love Sick" at the 1998 Grammy Awards, Portnoy was hired by Dylan's production company to stand in the background with other dancers and groove to the music to "give Bob a good vibe". Instead, halfway through the performance, Portnoy ripped off his shirt, ran next to Dylan, and started dancing and contorting with the two-word poem "Soy Bomb" written across his chest. When questioned by reporters, Portnoy explained the poem's meaning: "Soy... represents dense nutritional life. Bomb is, obviously, an explosive destructive force. So, soy bomb is what I think art should be: dense, transformational, explosive life" according to Entertainment Weekly and that "he meant Soy Bomb as a 'spontaneous explosion of the self' to re-invigorate the current music scene. He has also said that the phrase is a combination of Spanish and English, meaning "the bomb of 'I am'". The Grammys chose not to press charges against Portnoy for the act, but he was not paid the $200 fee for the gig.

The event was parodied on Saturday Night Live, where he was portrayed by Will Ferrell, and on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. In 2005, the band Eels included the track "Whatever Happened to Soy Bomb" on the double-disc album Blinking Lights and Other Revelations. In 2016, the TV show Broad City parodied Soy Bomb with a performance artist character played by musician Har Mar Superstar.

Portnoy: 1999–present
Portnoy expanded his practice to include choreography, video, installation, sculpture, painting, participatory works and curation. His projects have included Google Office 0.2, a project for the 2010 Taipei Biennial that involved the formation of a think tank called The Improvement League, which operated by improving existing artworks in the Biennial by pruning and hybridizing in a cross between futurology and conceptual horticulture. Portnoy's long-standing investigation of social exchange, and the rules of communication and play, has been conducted through a series of 'abstract gambling' tables for Casino Ilinx (2008) and Filzzungeungewiss (2009); and conversation or inventional games drawing on 17th century universal or taxonomic languages for Fran Spafa Feda (2010); and the game-show format of 27 Gnosis (2012).

Relational Stalinism
Central to many of Portnoy's projects is his tongue-in-cheek concept of 'Relational Stalinism', a form of relational aesthetics that works against "the fashionable promise that an artwork might offer a democratic magic, transforming inter-relational codes into something nicer…" Unlike other artists who produce participatory artworks, Portnoy undermines the creation of a harmonious community by setting as many limitations as possible on the participants and then introducing destabilizing mechanisms, such as changing the rules in the middle of the game. This breed of absurdist, dictatorial interaction with participants is "a clarification of the artist's imperious role as producer and performer". Contrary to many contemporary participatory events, these schemes value confusion, complication, and ambiguity over predictable outcomes, and the goal is to stretch and dislocate the participants by complicating their behavior and language in the service of riotous invention. By acting as the "Director of Behavior" and constantly modifying the standards of the game, Portnoy forces the participants to construct unexpected worlds and new modes of communication.

Experimental comedy
Much of Portnoy’s work is also framed by what he calls experimental comedy, or "the injection of the sublime, the blatantly inscrutable, the abstract, the primal, the choreographic, the theoretical, the improbable, the generative, the post-rhythmic, the turbo-stupid, etc., into the frame of stand-up". This has been manifested in the operatic stand-up routine of The K Sound (2006), Taipei Women’s Experimental Comedy Club (2010), and Script Opposition in Late-Model Carrot Jokes (2011), a project that investigated the "carrot joke", a term used in cognitive linguistics to describe a poem-like joke with a high degree of ambiguity, blunt omissions of information and logical faults and inconsistencies. In carrot jokes "incongruities are rarely resolved and just pile on top of each other … Since the ground or ‘script’ is always shifting, the listener keeps trying to determine whether there is an overall story that could explain what the hell is going on".

Selected exhibitions and performances
He has presented work internationally in venues including: dOCUMENTA (13), The 11th Baltic Triennial (as co-curator), Centre Pompidou, The Taipei Biennial 2010, Performa Biennial 07, 09 & 11, SculptureCenter, The Kitchen, de Appel (Amsterdam), P.S.1 Contemporary Art Center, Art Unlimited Basel, Kunsthalle Basel, Objectif Exhibitions (Antwerp), Wilfried Lentz (Rotterdam), IBID PROJECTS (London), Elizabeth Foundation for the Arts Gallery, Deitch Gallery, Roulette, Kling & Bang (Reykjavík), Foksal Gallery Foundation (Warsaw), Kaaitheater (Brussels), Beursschouwburg (Brussels), Migros Museum (Zürich), Le Comfort Moderne (Poitiers, France) and The National Review of Live Art (Glasgow).

title: Michael Portnoy


text:
Talk:Incorporation (linguistics)

[Untitled]
I'm putting this up here because I saw a link to this page and there was nothing here. My understanding of polysynthesis is very basic, though, so hopefully somebody will fix this up a bit. Ozy 01:07, 2004 Aug 10 (UTC)

I'd be interested in keeping this page but then creating a new page specifically for noun incorporation. NI is much better documented than other types of incorporation and there seems to be confusion on other pages as to what constitutes canonical NI. Any opinions on this? Straughn 17:50, 25 May 2006 (UTC)
 * I think that until there's enough material to warrant two separate articles, it makes sense to keep it all together. Noun incorporation redirects here already, so it can be discussed here until the article gets too big. Angr (talk) 15:05, 31 May 2006 (UTC)

I removed a link to a paper of mine (that I didn't put here) because it's outdated and I don't really believe it anymore. Here's a link to a current paper of mine:

http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~mbarrie/Barrie2006Dissertation.pdf

although this is far from a definitive source on the subject. There are more general references that I believe should be used instead.
 * I just re-read the article, and the paper in question is cited as a source for the data used in the article. Of course, then, it needs to remain.

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Proposed Changes: Expansion of "the syntax of noun incorporation"
Hello,

I want to thank everyone who has worked on this page before and let you all know of a couple of changes that we will be making to this page in the coming weeks. My group members and myself are enrolled in a 300 level syntax course and are doing a final project on noun incorporation. We plan to add to the “syntax of noun incorporation” section of this page by adding further explanations, examples, and syntax trees. We will also be adding further subsections to the “syntax of noun incorporation” section on the languages “English,” “Mohawk,” “Yucatec Mayan”, and “Frisian.” This may involve incorporating some information from the original individual language wikipedia pages into these subsections.

We are open to any suggestions you may have and Thank you again for your work thus far! — Preceding unsigned comment added by NEbbutt (talk • contribs) 20:10, 12 April 2021 (UTC)

 * Is there as source for this statement "If a language participates in productive compounding it does not allow for incorporation. An example of a compounding language is German. Respectively, if a language participates in incorporation it does not allow for productive compounding." 2600:1700:E450:3A30:3F40:F1:5F5F:64C2 (talk) 19:04, 25 February 2023 (UTC)
 * I also found this statement dubious, many Native American, such as in Central America (most Mayan languages and Nahuatl dialects) allow both extensive incorporation and compounding. 94.109.35.225 (talk) 12:36, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Questions and suggestion
The current text contains:

”If a language participates in productive compounding it does not allow for incorporation. An example of a compounding language is German.”

What exactly is meant here: verb compounding, or alternatively any compounding?; productive incorporation, or alternatively any incorporation at all?

NL (Dutch) has noun compounding in such everyday words as:

 * ziektekostenverzekeringsmaatschappij = ziekte (illness) + kosten (costs) + verzekering (insurance) + s (“connector”) + maatschappij (company) = health insurance company;

 * handschoenen = hand (hand) + schoenen (shoes) = gloves;

 * wetenschapsjournalist = wetenschap (science) + journalist (journalist) = science reporter.

And there are also verbs with incorporated nouns:

 * NL “stofzuigen” = “stof” (dust) + “zuigen” (to suck) = to vacuum [Ik stofzuig de kamer. = I vacuum the room.; note that the transitivity of the verb “zuigen” carries over to the similarly transitive verb “stofzuigen”.]

 * NL “raadplegen” = “raad” (council) + “plegen” (commit, carry out) = to consult

DE (German) similarly has:

 * DE “staubsaugen” = “staub” (dust) + “saugen” (to suck) = to vacuum

Whether noun incorporation in NL (and/or DE) is productive, I do not know.Redav (talk) 13:56, 5 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Incorporation (linguistics)


text: User talk:4.3.199.103

title: User talk:4.3.199.103


text:
Evelyn Baring, 1st Baron Howick of Glendale

Evelyn Baring, 1st Baron Howick of Glendale, (29 September 1903 – 10 March 1973) was Governor of Southern Rhodesia from 1942 to 1944, High Commissioner for Southern Africa from 1944 to 1951, and Governor of Kenya from 1952 to 1959. Baring played an integral role in the suppression of the Mau Mau rebellion. Together with Colonial Secretary Alan Lennox-Boyd, Baring played a significant role in the government's efforts to deal with the rebellion, and see Kenya through to independence. Baring was aware of abuses against Mau Mau detainees. He was elevated to being the 1st Baron Howick of Glendale in 1960.

Education and early career
Baring followed in the footsteps of his father, the famed "Maker of Modern Egypt"–– Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer. Baring went to Winchester College and then to New College, Oxford, graduating from Oxford University with First Class Honours in Modern History before serving in the Indian Civil Service. He then joined Britain's Foreign Office, where he was sent first to Southern Rhodesia before being posted in South Africa as High Commissioner.

Seretse Khama
In 1949, while serving as High Commissioner for Southern Africa, Baring played a key role in preventing Seretse Khama, the heir to the throne of the Bechuanaland Protectorate, from assuming the throne; doing so on the ground that Khama's marriage to a white woman, Ruth Williams, was opposed by the white-minority government of South Africa, a neighbouring state which had recently implemented a system of racial segregation known as apartheid.

Working in close collaboration with Percivale Liesching, who was serving as Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Affairs at the time, Baring was able to persuade government ministers to prevent Khama from assuming the throne of Bechuanaland, instead mandating him to stay in a government-imposed exile in London, which lasted until 1956.

Governorship in Kenya
As Governor of Kenya, Baring declared a State of Emergency on 20 October 1952 before launching Operation Jock Scott, which targeted alleged Mau Mau leaders, especially Jomo Kenyatta. Baring's administration created the "dilution technique", a system of assaults and psychological shocks to detainees, to force the compliance. Baring requested and received approval to use "overpowering" force from the Colonial Secretary in London.

In June 1957, Baring passed on to Alan Lennox-Boyd a secret memorandum written by Sir Eric Griffiths-Jones, the Attorney General of Kenya, which described the abuse of Mau Mau detainees. The paper alleges that Baring supplied a covering letter that asserted that inflicting "violent shock" was the only way of suppressing the Mau Mau rebellion.

Career after Kenya
Baring left Kenya in 1959. He was elevated to the Peerage of the United Kingdom as the 1st Baron Howick of Glendale in 1960. He retired to his family estate of Howick Hall, which was inherited by his wife Lady Mary Cecil Grey, daughter of the 5th Earl Grey. He was known to enjoy birdwatching. Lord Howick of Glendale later accepted a post with the government's Colonial Development Corporation.

Marriage and children
Baring married Lady Mary Cecil Grey, daughter of the 5th Earl Grey and Lady Mabel Laura Georgiana Palmer (daughter of the 2nd Earl of Selborne), on 24 April 1935. They had three children:

 * Hon Katherine Mary Alice Baring (born 30 March 1936), married Sir Humphry Wakefield, 2nd Bt.
 * Charles Evelyn Baring, 2nd Baron Howick of Glendale (born 30 December 1937)
 * Hon Elizabeth Beatrice Baring (born 10 January 1940), married Nicholas Albany Gibbs.

Lord Howick of Glendale died from injuries sustained in a climbing accident on 10 March 1973, at the age of 69. He was climbing a cliff on his estate when he slipped and fell 15 feet. He was succeeded in the barony by his son, Charles.

Honours

 * Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG), 1942, advanced to GCMG, 1955
 * Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO), 1947
 * 1st Baron Howick of Glendale, 1960
 * Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter (KG), 1972


text:
McAdoo

McAdoo may refer to:

People

 * McAdoo (surname)

U.S. places

 * McAdoo Township, Barber County, Kansas
 * McAdoo, Pennsylvania
 * McAdoo, Texas

title: McAdoo