text:
Category talk:Religious leaders

earlier comments on this category
Maybe a bit late to ask, but should this category include articles like cardinal or just article about individual cardinals? -- User:Docu

BTW there is Category:Christian leaders (which currently isn't a subcategory). -- User:Docu

Guidelines for Page
This page should only contain categories containing people. Articles about religious leadership positions or roles should go in Category:Religious leadership roles and articles about individuals should be placed in an appropriate sub-category. If the sub-category doesn't exist, create it (with this Category as its parent). --JeffW 20:23, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Organization proposal
Here's an idea on how to have this organized...

 * Religious leaders by religion
 * Christian religions leaders
 * Methodist religious leaders
 * Roman Catholic religious leaders
 * Anglican religious leaders
 * Jewish religions leaders
 * Muslim religious leaders
 * Buddhist religious leaders
 * Taoist religions leaders
 * Religious leaders by title
 * Clergy
 * Priests
 * Imams
 * Rabbis
 * Religious leaders by nationality
 * (as it is now, mostly)
 * Religious leaders by nationality
 * (as it is now, mostly)
 * (as it is now, mostly)

And intersections of those, such as Wiccan priests, Anglican priests, Roman Catholic bishops, Italian clergy, American rabbis, etc. Titles that're only used by one religion (such as, say, Grand Mufti) wouldn't need an adjective saying what religion they're for, they'd just go under (in this example) Religious leaders by title and Muslim religious leaders (or Sunni religious leaders). Other things, such as priest, ought to be subdivided by religion. There'd be some grey areas, but it'd be more structured and less haphazard than now. What do others think? Mairi 05:43, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Sounds good to me. --Alynna 19:54, 8 October 2006 (UTC)
 * I like it up to a point. Personally, I would like to see the categorization go something like this:

(the rest as per the proposal above). I say this only because I think it might be a good idea, particularly in the larger faiths, to break down the structure of the church by its own internal hierarchy, hopefully listing only the highest position achieved for each person, but definitely listing at least that position. This would make it easier to find the real "heavyweights" in the various religions, for those who are inclined to do so. I am leaving a copy of the message that was sent to the WikiProject Religion on the talk pages of all of the "daughter" projects, and hope that we will hear from some of them soon as well. Badbilltucker 21:54, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Religious leaders by religion
 * Christian religions leaders
 * Methodist religious leaders
 * Methodist bishops
 * Methodist priests
 * Roman Catholic religious leaders
 * Roman Catholic Popes
 * Roman Catholic archbishops
 * Roman Catholic bishops
 * Roman Catholic priests
 * Roman Catholic religious
 * Anglican religious leaders
 * Anglican archbishops
 * Anglican bishops
 * Anglican priests
 * Anglican religious
 * Jewish religions leaders
 * High Priests of Israel
 * Rabbis
 * Muslim religious leaders
 * Shi'ite religious leaders
 * Sunni religious leaders
 * Buddhist religious leaders
 * Taoist religions leaders
 * Buddhist religious leaders
 * Taoist religions leaders
 * Both look fine to me ... I like the second one better, although I would keep in mind that most denominations probably will not need to be split up into sub-categories. BigDT 22:54, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm glad we're having this discussion. I like the second one better as well. The only thing I would mention is there needs to be a category for lay religious leaders.NinaEliza 23:01, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
 * That's roughly what I intended too, so I'm fine with that. I agree about the need for lay religious leaders categories; they could just go under Category:Foo lay religious leaders, unless the church has a specific name for them. Mairi 23:51, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

One other thing I thought about ... there are Baptists, Southern Baptists, American Baptists, and Independent Baptists. There are Lutherans, ELCA, and LCMS. There are Catholics, Roman Catholics, American Catholics, and plenty of other Catholics not in communion with Rome. You get the idea. In each case, other than name, there is little relationship between the two. For example, American Catholics do not acknowledge the Roman church. American Baptists usually don't belong to the Southern Baptist Convention. However, with a lot of the denominations, you're really getting into category creep, if we give each and every Baptist group its own category structure. I'm not particularly picky ... we just need to make sure that there is some standard for when we split up, for example, Catholics into Sub-Catholics, so that we don't, six months from now having someone creating a complete structure for a 10-church Baptist denomination. BigDT 21:15, 10 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Personally, I agree wholeheartedly with BigDT above. I think we might try to create categories only when there is already a specific page in wikipedia already about the "denomination" (if that's what it's called). Otherwise, if I, for instance, am found out to have started the Church of Cthulhu, but there is no specific existing article for my church, then I should be included only in the category of religious leaders from physical area Foo, and, maybe, in a generic religious category like Category:New age religious leaders, for example. Badbilltucker 21:57, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm tempted to found the Church of Foo.NinaEliza 01:45, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

 * And, as a defender of religious belief in all its forms, I would support you in doing so. People should be allowed to create any tax dodges they can think of. But I do think that maybe a bit of clarification of my earlier statement is in order anyway. To clarify (I hope) a little, I think maybe we would only create categories if there already exists a category for that particular named religious group. So, as their is a Category:Hinduism, there would be subcategories created. If there is not a category, like, for instance for the Church Universal and Triumphant, their leaders would be classified in the Category:Leaders... of whatever existing Category is included on their page to describe their church, in the case above, maybe either Category:New Age religious leaders and/or Category:Spirituality religious leaders (which in this case don't really make a lot of sense, so probably would not be created.) Badbilltucker 03:11, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

Mairi's idea is good, but I think that User:Badbilltucker's improvement will work better because of the vastly different structure and terminology between churches. In the Seventh-day Adventist Church, the top-down structure is: Which is again quite different from the Catholic and Anglican examples provided. -Colin MacLaurin 12:18, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
 * General Conference president
 * Division president
 * Union president
 * Conference president
 * Pastor

Clergy categories
This note is intended for reference rather than discussion on this page, as I will update it and link back to it from further CfD discussions.

I propose a series of CFD nominations to merge the two layers of categories for "clergy" and "religious leaders", because it's largely a duplicate layer. Having a separate layer for "clergy" is over-categorization by WP:SHAREDNAME, as not all churches use the term. The word "clergy" can be retained below the "religious leaders by denomination" level, only within the denominational families where "clergy" is the main term used for leaders; the categories for other denominations will use their preferred terms, at the same level. There was a third layer for "Christian ministers", and I started by taking out that extra layer. Here are some links to discussions of clergy & ministers categories, renamed to "religious leaders" or specific terms.
 * (Various) religious people by occupation: renamed to religious workers, see Categories for discussion/Log/2014 November 28.
 * Hinduism: devotees, gurus, saints and religious figures to religious leaders, see Categories for discussion/Log/2015 June 21
 * Islam: clergy to religious leaders, see Categories for discussion/Log/2012 August 12
 * Christians: ministers to religious leaders, Categories for discussion/Log/2013 May 19
 * Christian religious leaders: kept as container category, Categories for discussion/Log/2014 September 12
 * Protestants: clergy/ministers by denomination to religious leaders, Categories for discussion/Log/2013 June 5 and Categories for discussion/Log/2014 October 18
 * Baptists: clergy to pastors, below the above discussion on 2013 June 5
 * Methodists: clergy to ministers, below the above discussion on 2013 June 5
 * Certain Methodist denominations kept "clergy" at Categories for discussion/Log/2014 January 16
 * Presbyterians: clergy to ministers, Categories for discussion/Log/2013 July 16
 * Calvinist and Reformed: clergy to ministers, Speedy renaming in January 2014
 * Congregationalists: clergy to ministers, Categories for discussion/Log/2014 January 11
 * Pentecostals: clergy to pastors, Categories for discussion/Log/2014 January 16
 * A year later, there was no consensus about creating a "ministers" parent category, which would be equivalent to ordained "clergy" in other denominations: Categories for discussion/Log/2015 January 4
 * Seventh-Day Adventists: clergy to ministers, Categories for discussion/Log/2018 October 30

Updating the tree that I proposed at 2013 May 19 for different outcomes of subsequent CfDs, the final tree could include:
 * Christian religious leaders by period (renamed back from )
 * , or should that one be Category:Roman Catholic priests?
 * Christian religious leaders by period (renamed back from )
 * , or should that one be Category:Roman Catholic priests?
 * Christian religious leaders by period (renamed back from )
 * , or should that one be Category:Roman Catholic priests?
 * , or should that one be Category:Roman Catholic priests?

A discussion of female "clergy" at Categories for discussion/Log/2014 June 2 was closed with no consensus over whether clergy are "religious leaders" or "religious workers", so a CFD or other discussion on that may be needed soon.

Buddhist priestesses were renamed to Category:Female Buddhist clergy (later speedied to Category:Women Buddhist clergy) at Categories for discussion/Log/2014 September 18, but this may be a temporary outcome pending more information on merging with Category:Buddhist nuns.

Categories_for_discussion/Log/2015 July 11 was withdrawn.

Clergy in Ireland and the UK were merged to Religious leaders at Categories_for_discussion/Log/2020_February_6 and Categories_for_discussion/Log/2020_February_11.

Discussion

 * Question: Christian clergy is currently a child category of Category:Christian religious leaders. What is your view on other child categories of Christian religious leaders, how would they fit in? Marcocapelle (talk) 13:34, 4 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Evangelists and missionaries should go up into a Christian sub-cat of rather than "leaders". Theologians, monks and nuns (Category:Members of Christian religious orders), and some others belong at that level too. The others look OK to stay. – Fayenatic  L ondon 17:15, 4 October 2014 (UTC)
 * So a top level summary of your proposal is to rename Clergy into Christian religious leaders, and rename Christian religious leaders into Christian religious workers, right? Marcocapelle (talk) 20:49, 4 October 2014 (UTC)
 * No, neither of those... Merge Clergy into Religious leaders, and merge Christian clergy into Christian religious leaders. I had not thought much about "religious workers" before the June 2 CFD, which created a "Female" sub-cat under that name. As I see it, Religious leaders should be a sub-cat of Religious workers, in which case Christian religious leaders should be under a new . – Fayenatic  L ondon 21:50, 4 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Should have been:
 * So a top level summary of your proposal is to rename Christian Clergy into Christian religious leaders, and rename Christian religious leaders into Christian religious workers, right?
 * Of course it can be similarly applied to other religions and to the religion top level. I agree that in the new setup religious leaders should be a sub-cat of religious workers, just like now clergy is a sub-cat of religious leaders. Marcocapelle (talk) 22:01, 4 October 2014 (UTC)

 * "Category:Roman Catholic clergy, or should that one be Category:Roman Catholic priests?" No. "Clergy" is broader than "priests" priests should be a subcat of clergy. For instance Franz Liszt was a Roman Catholic clergyman, since he received tonsure and several of the minor orders, but was not a priest.--Samuel J. Howard (talk) 15:59, 29 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Samuel. I see from the article that Liszt received the four minor orders of porter, lector, exorcist, and acolyte. After this ordination he was often called Abbé Liszt. It seems to me that these four orders, like being a Protestant lay preacher, are not WP:DEFINING. Liszt should therefore stay categorised in Hungarian Roman Catholics, but not Roman Catholic clergy. In my opinion, therefore, categories for RC clergy should be deleted, for the same reason as I oppose a broader category of Pentecostal ministers. This would of course require a full discussion, and in practice, if deletion is approved, it would need to be selectively merged to RC priests. – Fayenatic  L ondon 23:58, 4 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Bishops and priests are both subcategories of clergy that are defining in the sense you want. But this defining business is clearly not how categories are actually being used in Wikipedia.  Your entire scheme seems to be based on this misaphrension. We use categories for alumni relationships for example. Or is being a painter really defining for Adolf Hitler? --Samuel J. Howard (talk) 19:33, 5 January 2015 (UTC)
 * In most cases, the clergy and priests categories are used as synonyms. Bishops would be a subcategory of priests, if the clergy level was removed.
 * OK... the problem is that would be WRONG. This is not the common conceptual scheme used by the Church, in which clerics is the overarching category  for bishops, priests, deacons (and the minor orders at various points and in various places). You're creating your own conceptual scheme, it's a form of --Samuel J. Howard (talk) 15:16, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Categories get removed if they are used in non-defining ways. There is an article Paintings by Adolf Hitler but none on exorcisms by Franz Liszt. – Fayenatic  L ondon 09:15, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * The way you're using defining is highly problematic, but leaving that aside, ordination in the Roman Catholic Church would still qualify as standard biographical details per WP:COP. Being ordained is just as much a standard biographical detail as being an alumnus of this or that university, which isn't generally defining.--Samuel J. Howard (talk) 15:16, 6 January 2015 (UTC)
 * Here's the burning question: If Liszt were alive for World War II, would he have exorcised Hitler? Would that have been a defining moment for classical music? Elizium23 (talk) 00:57, 14 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Religious leaders


text:
Category talk:Lists of political parties

6 year old comments
I saw a problem, since there is a category Political parties by nationality and a category Lists of political parties. They give entrance to the same kind of pages. I tries to combine this, but we have to make choices. I suggest to either keep one or to make the one category a subcategory in the other. Gangulf 05:44, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Rather than add Category:Andorra and Category:Andorran political parties on, e.g. List of political parties in Andorra, I think it's preferable to have all the list in a category of their own, e.g. this one. For you to decide if you think List of political parties in Andorra should be included in Category:Andorran political parties or rather just mentionned in the category description. -- User:Docu

So we keep the pages in the category "Lists of political parties" and put it in the categogory: e.g. Andorran political parties. I can agree. Gangulf 06:03, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I can't figure out how to add this: List_of_Canadian_political_parties - User:Marnevell

 * I added Political parties of Canada. Hope this is what you were trying to do. -- User:Docu

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User:Jat~enwiki

Being is the only religion, the only reality, and the only Truth.

My websites:

 * Haryana Online
 * forage.in the World Wide Web

title: User:Jat~enwiki


text:
English Cyclopaedia

The English Cyclopaedia: A new dictionary of universal knowledge (London, 1854–1862, 4to, 23 vols., 12,117 pages; supplements, 1869–1873, 4 vols., 2858 pages), was published by Charles Knight, based on the Penny Cyclopaedia, of which he had the copyright. He was assisted by Alexander Ramsay and James Thorne. It was sometimes popularly referred to as Knights Encyclopedia.

It is in four divisions, each alphabetical, and very unequal:
 * 1) Geography (4 volumes and supplement)
 * 2) Natural history (4 volumes and supplement)
 * 3) Biography (with 703 lives of living persons; 6 volumes and supplement)
 * 4) Arts and sciences (8 volumes and supplement)

A supplement in four volumes, one for each section, was published between 1869 and 1873, together with a synoptical index. No further editions of the English Cyclopaedia, however, it served as the basis of the Everyman's Encyclopaedia in 1913.

title: English Cyclopaedia


text:
Talk:Vada (food)

"gram flour"? Is that graham flour? RickK 08:12, Nov 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * According to the graham flour article, "Graham flour is generally not available outside of the USA." Gram flour, on the other hand, "is an ingredient used in Indian cuisine". Sango123 14:03, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

Merger proposal 15 March 2020
I'm no Indian food expert, but if dahi bhalla (दही भल्ला) and dahi vada are synonymous, shouldn't Bhalla (food) be merged to Vada (food)? --Melsj (talk) 02:52, 15 March 2020 (UTC)
 * I tend to agree with, Dahi wada and bhalla seem similar. GreaterPonce665  (TALK) 22:16, 22 May 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 21:33, 12 January 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vada (food)


text:
Quartz (disambiguation)

Quartz is a common mineral.

Quartz may also refer to:

Places

 * Quartz, California, former settlement in Butte County
 * Quartz Hill, California, an unincorporated community in Los Angeles County

People

 * Jakie Quartz, French singer

Music

 * Quartz (duo), dance music production team
 * Quartz (British band), Heavy Metal band
 * Qwartz Electronic Music Awards

Other arts, entertainment, and media

 * Quartz (publication), a privately held global business news website
 * Rose Quartz, animated television series character, see list of Steven Universe characters

Computing

 * Quartz (graphics layer), the graphics-rendering technology used in Mac OS X
 * Quartz (scheduler), a Java Enterprise Job Scheduler
 * Microsoft DirectShow, code name Quartz
 * Microsoft Expression Web, code name Quartz
 * Quartz 2D, an API on Mac OS X
 * Quartz Compositor, the display server on Mac OS X
 * UIQ, formerly User Interface Quartz, a discontinued software platform

Technology

 * Quartz (electronics), an electronic component
 * Engineered quartz, a synthetic material used for countertops and the like, called "quartz" in the trade
 * Quartz clock, a clock or watch using an oscillator regulated by a quartz crystal

title: Quartz (disambiguation)


text:
Category:Cycling

Cycling is a means of transport, a recreation and a sport across land. It involves riding bicycles, tandem bicycles, unicycles, tricycles, and other human powered vehicles (HPVs).

title: Category:Cycling


text:
Talk:Bmibaby

Belfast Int Airport
Can this airport be justifyed as a focas city because Bmibaby will be discounting there routes to Cardiff and Prague from March and 3 routes will only remain
 * Answer to your question, no. Simple because low cost airlines do not have hubs or focus cities, instead they have bases. Zaps93 (talk) 19:10, 9 January 2010 (UTC)
 * And they also clearly state their four bases on their website as Cardiff, East Midlands, Manchester and Birmingham. Welshleprechaun (talk) 22:18, 9 January 2010 (UTC)

Fleet
On the list of 737 operators http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Boeing_737_operators#.C2.A0United_Kingdom it lists bmibaby as using 737-600s, here -300s and 500s, which is correct? 81.141.137.176 (talk) 09:40, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

 * This article is correct for the current fleet which is 3 x 737-500 and 11 x 737-300. MilborneOne (talk) 12:29, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

Charter Flights
Should this article also acknowledge charter flights/destinations operated by bmibaby?

For example, winter season 2011/2012 Bristol (BRS) to Geneva (GVA) ski-ers charter, presumably lead charter organised by Ingham's (and excess sold on to other ski holiday companies).

This does not appear on bmibaby website, but does here http://www.inghams.co.uk/flight-only/search-results/ search for Bristol to Geneva returns flight number WW7701. (WW is the 2 digit code for BMIbaby) see also http://www.wheretoskiandsnowboard.com/news/new-bmi-baby-flights-next-winter/ http://inghamstravel.inbro.net/seeinsidebrochure/Inghams-%5BHotelplan-Ltd.%5D_Ski-&-Snowboarding-2011..12/General-information/Flight-Details/page_314 http://inghamstravel.inbro.net/seeinsidebrochure/Inghams-%5BHotelplan-Ltd.%5D_Ski-Preview-2012..13/General-information/Flight-Details/page_314

While in GVA airport a month ago I think I also spotted a bmibaby GVA-BHX rotation (not in the ingham's brochure so may have been extra capacity or chartered by another holiday company)

Pricing model also varies in that it includes 20kg checked baggage/10kg hand baggage with ski/board carriage an extra £39. Inghams does charge a small fee for credit card booking (per booking).

--94.196.52.69 (talk) 09:59, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

 * It could mention as one liner in destinations that it operates charter flights but it really is not unusual or different to a lot of other airlines, actual charters are really not notable enough to include. MilborneOne (talk) 12:19, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

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User talk:Lucas Thompson

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title: User talk:Lucas Thompson


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Wasp (novel)

Wasp is a 1957 science fiction novel by English author Eric Frank Russell. Terry Pratchett (author of the Discworld series of fantasy books) stated that he "can't imagine a funnier terrorists' handbook." Wasp is generally considered Russell's best novel.

The title of Wasp comes from the idea that the main character's actions and central purpose mimic that particular insect; just as something as small as a wasp can terrorise a much larger creature in control of a car to the point of causing a crash and killing the occupants, so the defeat of an enemy may be wrought via psychological and guerrilla warfare by a small, but deadly, antagonist in their midst.

Plot summary
Set in the future, the story is about protagonist James Mowry and an inter-planetary war between humans (collectively referred to as "Terrans") and the Sirians (collectively referred to as the Sirian Empire, from Sirius). The war has been on for nearly a year as the story begins. The Terrans, while technologically more advanced than the Sirians, are outnumbered and out-gunned twelve-to-one.

The Sirians are a humanoid species that share many of the same physical characteristics as their Terran enemies. Some of the more noticeable differences are their purple-faced complexions, pinned-back ears and a bow-legged gait. The Sirian Empire is reminiscent of fascist states that existed in the Second World War; they frequently employ a much-feared secret police force named the Kaimina Tempiti, or Kaitempi; they censor much of their media and they quell opposition to the government or the war through the use of violence and intimidation.

The novel begins by introducing James Mowry as he is being recruited by the Terran government to infiltrate enemy lines; to become a "wasp", in the sense portrayed in the opening passages of the novel. His recruitment is somewhat less than voluntary: Mowry is offered the alternative of conscription and assignment to the front. His dossier states that he can be counted on to do anything provided the alternative is worse; he accepts the assignment.

Despite being coerced, Mowry is an ideal recruit, having spent the first seventeen years of his life living under the Sirian Empire. After extensive technical training and surgery to make him appear to be Sirian, he is sent to the Sirian outpost world of Jaimec to begin his mission. The first phase of his mission involves placing stickers with subversive slogans, such as "War makes wealth for the few, misery for the many. At the right time, Dirac Angestun Gesept will punish the former, bring aid and comfort to the latter" and "Those who stand upon the platform and openly approve the war will stand upon the scaffold and weepingly regret it. Dirac Angestun Gesept" all over the Jaimecan towns in the hope of beginning to create the first murmurings of confusion and concern in Sirian society.

Mowry begins the second phase: sending letters to people of importance informing them of deaths by a mythical rebel organisation named Dirac Angestun Gesept (Sirian Freedom Party). Mowry moves on to phase three, the hiring of Sirian civilians as contract killers to assassinate prominent members of the Kaitempi and other government officials. With the Sirians becoming more concerned about the disruption they believe the D.A.G. is causing, Mowry's success allows him to move on to phase four.

Mowry plants fake wire tapping devices on several buildings (including the Kaitempi headquarters) to engender paranoia. He also continues to spread rumours via Sirian civilians to plant other seeds of doubt among the populace.

With a Terran invasion imminent, Mowry is told to skip to phase nine, the sabotaging of Jaimecan sea-borne commerce to divert Sirian concern from the real – and approaching – threat. This time, the Terrans strike and the invasion begins. Mowry is captured by a Terran occupation force and is held for a few days before a government man recognises that he is Terran. The novel ends with a government man informing Mowry that a wasp on another world has been captured and that he is the replacement.

Themes
The novel portrays the Sirian Empire's censorship, suppression and police state as folly and oppressive. Wasp frequently employs wry, black humour when dealing with these ideas and themes.

Reception
Terry Pratchett talks of the ironic nature in Russell's storytelling; that Wasp is a "funn[y] terrorists' handbook". An example of this humour is found in the protagonist's letter to the Sirian Central Bureau of Records in which he mockingly registers the rebel organisation Dirac Angestun Gesept as a legitimate organisation:

"Title of organization: Dirac Angestun Gesept. Purpose of organization: Destruction of present government and termination of war against Terra. Customary meeting place: Wherever Kaitempi can't find us. Names and address of elected officers: You'll find out when it's too late. Attach hereto complete list of members: Nar."

The novel has also been praised for its gritty realism. Along with the alien culture being more believable by including slang (such as "yar" for yes and "nar" for no), Mowry's creative disruption is seen as astute. As Rupert Neethling of infinity plus states, "One has to wonder whether Eric Frank Russell applied firsthand knowledge of espionage or sabotage when writing his 1957 classic, Wasp. At the very least, he seems to have had access to some kind of saboteur's checklist". As Russell was in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, he may well have had experience of the operations of the British Special Operations Executive agents who were trained to disrupt the Nazis in occupied Europe in much the same way as Mowry does in Wasp.

Galaxy reviewer Floyd C. Gale praised the novel, saying "Russell has invested this hard-boiled yarn with plenty of action and authenticity." Dave Langford reviewed Wasp for White Dwarf #76 and stated that "Fast and funny - but less so than Granada's definitive editions, which like Dobson's hardback gained much from Russell's later (1958) revisions". James Sallis, writing in The Boston Globe, discusses how prescient Russell now seems. Wasp "gives off jolts of shock that Russell could not have anticipated". Sallis quoted Russell,

"Mail would be examined, and all suspicious parcels would be taken apart in a blast-proof room. There'd be a city-wide search with radiation-detectors for the component parts of a fission bomb. Civil defence would be alerted in readiness to cope with a mammoth explosion that might or might not take place. Anyone on the streets who walked with a secretive air and wore a slightly mad expression would be arrested and hauled in for questioning."

While letter bombs and small nuclear weapons were not unheard-of in 1957, the book anticipates the bombing campaigns of the Troubles from the late 60s and the fear of nuclear terrorism from the mid-70s.

title: Wasp (novel)


text:
Talk:Ralph Hartley

Untitled
I have recently completed a one year study of some work done by Hartley and others of his associates on the bell laboratories staff having to do with parametric phenomena. This is not covered in the wikipedia entry on Hartley, and there appear to be no entries for any of his associates who worked on the topic between 1917 and 1960. Would you be interested in my adding this obscure piece of history to the already existing biography?

 * Absolutely. Dicklyon 02:26, 27 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ralph Hartley


text:
User talk:Pueramplus

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.

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Again, welcome! - UtherSRG 06:03, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pueramplus


text:
PGA European Tour

The European Tour, currently titled as the DP World Tour for sponsorship reasons, and legally the PGA European Tour or the European Tour Group, is the leading men's professional golf tour in Europe. The organisation also operates the European Senior Tour (for players aged 50 or older) and the developmental Challenge Tour; the second tier of men's professional golf in Europe. The tour's headquarters are at the Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England. The European Tour was established by the British-based Professional Golfers' Association through the 1970s, and responsibility was transferred to an independent PGA European Tour organisation in 1984.

Most tournaments on the PGA European Tour's three tours are held in Europe, but starting in the 1980s an increasing number have been held in other parts of the world; in 2015 a majority of the ranking events on the European Tour were held outside Europe, though this included both Majors and World Golf Championship events that are ranking events for multiple tours. Europe-based events are nearly all played in Western Europe, with the most lucrative of them taking place in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, France and Spain.

The PGA European Tour is a golfer-controlled organisation whose primary purpose is to maximise the income of tournament golfers. It is a company limited by guarantee and is run by a professional staff but controlled by its playing members via a board of directors composed of 12 elected past and present tour players and a tournament committee of 14 current players. The Chairman of the Board is Eric Nicoli, who replaced David Williams in 2023. The chairman of the tournament committee is David Howell.

The PGA European Tour is the lead partner in Ryder Cup Europe, a joint venture also including the PGA of Great Britain and Ireland and PGA of Europe that operates the Ryder Cup Matches in cooperation with the PGA of America. The PGA European Tour has a 60% interest in Ryder Cup Europe, with each of its junior partners holding 20%.

In June 2023, it was announced that the PGA Tour, LIV Golf and the European Tour would merge under a single organisation.

History
Professional golf began in Europe, specifically in Scotland. The first professionals were clubmakers and greenkeepers who also taught golf to the wealthy men who could afford to play the game (early handmade equipment was expensive) and played "challenge matches" against one another for purses put up by wealthy backers. The first multi-competitor stroke play tournament was The Open Championship, which was introduced in 1860. Over the following decades, the number of golf tournaments offering prize money increased slowly but steadily. Most were in the United Kingdom, but there were also several "national opens" in various countries of Continental Europe.

In 1901, The Professional Golfers' Association was founded to represent the interests of professional golfers throughout Great Britain and Ireland, and it was this body that ultimately created the European Tour. As the tournament circuit grew, in 1937 the Harry Vardon Trophy was created to be awarded to the member of the PGA with the best stroke average in select major stroke play tournaments of the season. This would later become known as the Order of Merit, and at different times has been calculated using stroke average, a points system and money earned. Each year the PGA would determine which tournaments were to be included for the Order of Merit.

By the post-World War II period prize money was becoming more significant, with sponsors being attracted by the introduction of television coverage, and as such it was becoming more feasible for professional golfers to make a living by playing alone. In the United States a formal organised tour, which later became known as the PGA Tour, had been administered by the PGA of America since the 1930s. However even into the 1960s and 1970s, the majority of tournaments in Europe were still organised separately by the host golf club or association, or a commercial promoter.

In 1972 The Professional Golfers' Association created an integrated "European tour" with the inclusion of eight major tournaments in Continental Europe on their Order of Merit schedule. These tournaments were the French Open, which was first included in 1970; the Italian, Spanish, German and Swiss Opens, which were included in 1971; and the Dutch Open, the Madrid Open and the Lancia d'Oro tournament, which were included for the first time. As such the 1972 season is now officially recognised as the first season of the PGA European Tour. For several years, the British PGA and continental circuits continued to run separately, each with their own Order of Merit. Following the example set in the United States, and having been threatened with a breakaway, in 1975 the PGA agreed to amend their constitution giving the tournament side more autonomy with the formation of the Tournament Players Division. In 1977 the Tournament Players Division joined with the Continental Tournament Players Association to become the European Tournament Players Division,  and the following year it was agreed with the European Golf Association that the Continental Order of Merit would be discontinued.

In its early years the season ran for six months from April to October, and was based entirely in Europe, mainly in Great Britain and Ireland. Over the next three decades the tour gradually lengthened and globalised. The first event held outside Europe was the 1982 Tunisian Open. That year, there were 27 tournaments and the season stretched into November for the first time. In 1984, the PGA European Tour became independent of The Professional Golfers' Association. The following year, the tour became "all-exempt" with the end of pre-qualifying for tournaments.

The European Tour has always been sensitive to the risk that its best players will leave to play on the PGA Tour for many reasons. The PGA Tour usually offers higher purses and European players want to increase their chances of glory in the three majors played in the U.S. by playing on more U.S.-style courses to acclimate themselves. In an attempt to counter this phenomenon, the European Tour introduced the "Volvo Bonus Pool" in 1988. This was extra prize money which was distributed at the end of the season to the most successful players of the year—but only golfers who had played in a high number of the European Tour's events could receive a share. This system continued until 1998, after which renewed emphasis was placed on maximising prize money in individual tournaments.

In 1989, the tour visited Asia for the first time for the Dubai Desert Classic. By 1990, there were 38 events on the schedule, including 37 in Europe, and the start of the season had moved up to February. A first visit to East Asia for the Tour occurred at the 1992 Johnnie Walker Classic in Bangkok. This has since proven to be one of the most notable initiatives in the history of the tour, as East Asia is becoming almost its second home. Shortly afterwards the tour also made its debut in the former Soviet Bloc at the 1994 Czech Open, but much less has come of this development as participation in golf in the former Soviet region remains low and sponsors there are unable to compete financially with their Western European rivals for the limited number of slots available on the main tour each summer. However, the second-tier Challenge Tour has visited Central and Eastern Europe somewhat more frequently. In 1995, the European Tour began a policy of co-sanctioning tournaments with other PGA Tours, by endorsing the South African PGA Championship on the Southern African Tour (now the Sunshine Tour). This policy was extended to the PGA Tour of Australasia in 1996, and most extensively to the Asian Tour.

In 1998, the European Tour added the three U.S. majors – the Masters Tournament, the PGA Championship and the U.S. Open – to its official schedule. The leading European Tour players had all been competing in them for many years, but now their prize money counted towards the Order of Merit (a year later for the Masters Tournament), which sometimes made a great deal of difference to the end-of-season rankings. The following year, in 1999, the World Golf Championships were established with the three individual tournaments, also offering substantially more prize money than most European events, added to the European Tour schedule.

Since the minimum number of events that a player must play to retain membership of the European Tour was eleven, the addition of the majors and WGCs meant that players could potentially become members, or retain membership, of the tour by playing just four other events. Players such as Ernie Els and Retief Goosen have taken advantage of this to play the PGA and European Tours concurrently. For the 2009 season, the minimum number of events required for members was increased to twelve; this coincided with the elevation of the HSBC Champions, previously a European Tour event co-sanctioned by three other tours, to World Golf Championships status. The minimum increased to 13 in 2011, but beginning in 2013 team events such as the Ryder Cup and Presidents Cup were allowed to count towards the minimum. In 2016 the 13-event minimum was changed to five events, not counting the four majors and four WGCs; while this change did not affect players eligible for all the majors and WGCs, it made it easier for players not eligible for these to retain European Tour membership while playing a full PGA Tour schedule. The minimum was reduced from five to four in 2018.

In November 2021, the tour was retitled as the DP World Tour as part of a sponsorship agreement with Dubai-based DP World.

Strategic alliance with the PGA Tour
In November 2020, the tour entered into a "strategic alliance" with the PGA Tour. As part of the agreement, the PGA Tour acquired a 15% stake in European Tour Productions, the Scottish Open gained a new title sponsor and became co-sanctioned by the PGA Tour, and two regular PGA Tour tournaments also became co-sanctioned by the European Tour: the Barbasol Championship and the Barracuda Championship. There was also a new sponsor and increased prize fund for the Irish Open. In June 2022, in response to the emergence of LIV Golf, the tours announced that the PGA Tour were increasing their stake to 40% and further changes to the tour, including increased prize funds and leading players in the DP World Tour Rankings gaining PGA Tour cards for the following season.

Status and prize money
The European Tour is considered the second most important tour in men's golf, behind the United States-based PGA Tour, but retains significantly higher standing than other leading golf tours around the world. This status is reflected by the minimum world ranking points available in each tours respective tournaments, and prize money available. The total prize money available on the European Tour is approximately half that of the PGA Tour. However, this includes the majors and World Golf Championships, which are the most lucrative on the schedule, so the difference for regular tournaments is substantially higher. There is also much more variation in prize funds between tournaments on the European Tour than on the PGA Tour. Even though the prize funds of many European Tour events have increased rapidly since the late 1990s, especially with the introduction of the Race to Dubai and the Rolex Series, on occasion the European Tour has failed to attract as many leading players to its events as in the past, with even some of the top European players staying away.

For many players, the European Tour is seen as a stepping-stone to the PGA Tour. During the late twentieth century, the European Tour was traditionally the first overseas move for outstanding players from non-European countries, particularly in the Commonwealth, long a major source for elite golfers, such as Greg Norman, Nick Price and Ernie Els. These players tended to move to the PGA Tour as a second step. When Continental Europe produced its first global golf stars in the 1970s, such as Seve Ballesteros, and especially when Europe began to notch wins over the United States in the Ryder Cup in the mid-1980s, there was widespread optimism about the future standing of the European Tour relative to the PGA Tour. This has ebbed away as leading players continued to base themselves in the United States and several major European countries, such as Germany and Italy, have not regularly produced high-ranked golfers, as was formerly anticipated. Nonetheless, the number of European countries which have produced winners on the European Tour and PGA Tour has increased, with notable golfing depth developing in the Scandinavian countries.

However, since the late-1990s more young golfers from around the world are starting their careers directly in the United States, often having attended college as amateurs, usually with golf scholarships, before turning professional. Conversely, some young American players have sought to kick-start their professional careers in Europe, having failed to qualify for either PGA Tour or its development tour. For example, former world number one amateur, Peter Uihlein, announced in December 2011 that he would not return for his final semester at Oklahoma State University and would begin professional play in Europe the following month, both through sponsor's exemptions on the main European Tour and on the developmental Challenge Tour. It is a route that has been successfully followed, most notably by multiple major winner Brooks Koepka.

It has been claimed that the finances of the European Tour depend heavily on the Ryder Cup. Days before the start of the 2014 Ryder Cup, American golf journalist Bob Harig noted,"In simple terms, the European Tour loses money in non-Ryder Cup years, makes a tidy profit in years the event is played in the United States (where the PGA of America, not the PGA Tour, owns the event and reaps the majority of the income), and then hits the lottery in years the tournament is staged in Europe. Earlier this year, Golfweek reported that the European Tour made more than 14 million pounds in pre-tax profit in 2010, the last time the Ryder Cup was staged in Europe. A year later, when there was no Ryder Cup, it lost more than 2.2 million pounds." Harig also added that the PGA European Tour extracts significant concessions from Ryder Cup venues. The owners of the 2006 and 2010 venues (respectively Sir Michael Smurfit and Sir Terry Matthews) committed to hosting European Tour events at their venues for more than a decade after winning bidding, and guaranteed the purses for those tour events.

A typical season
Since 2000, with the exception of 2012, the season has actually started late in the previous calendar year, but the seasons are still named by calendar year, rather than for example 2005–06, which would reflect the actual span of play. All of the events up until late March take place outside Europe, with most of these being co-sanctioned with other tours. From then on, the tour plays mainly in Europe, and the events in its home continent generally have higher prize money than those held elsewhere, excluding the major championships, which were added to the tour schedule in 1998; three individual World Golf Championships events, added the following year, most of which take place in the United States; and the HSBC Champions, elevated to World Golf Championships status in 2009.

There are generally only minor variations in the overall pattern from one year to the next. Occasionally tournaments change venue, and quite often change name, particularly when they get a new sponsor, but the principal events have fixed and traditional places in the schedule, and this determines the rhythm of the season.

Race to Dubai
In 2009, the Order of Merit was replaced by the Race to Dubai, with a bonus pool of US$7.5 million (originally $10 million) distributed among the top 15 players at the end of the season, with the winner taking $1.5 million (originally $2 million). The new name reflected the addition of a new season ending tournament, the Dubai World Championship, held at the end of November in Dubai. The tournament also had a $7.5 million prize fund (originally $10 million), and was contested by the leading 60 players in the race following the season's penultimate event, the Hong Kong Open. The winner of the Race to Dubai also receives a ten-year European Tour exemption, while the winner of the Dubai World Championship receives a five-year exemption. The reduction in prize money, announced in September 2009, was due to the global economic downturn. In 2012, the bonus pool was reduced to $3.75 million with the winner getting $1 million and only the top 10 golfers getting a bonus. The bonus pool was increased to $5 million in 2014 with the top 15 players earning part of the pool. 2019 saw further changes: in 2018 the top 10 finishers on the Race to Dubai shared the bonus pool of $5 million, but as of 2019 the sum was split between only the leading five finishers. Whoever topped the standings received an additional $2 million compared with the $1.25 million won by Francesco Molinari in 2018. In addition, the DP World Tour Championship, Dubai was cut to the top 50 golfers on the Race to Dubai list, the prize fund was kept at $8 million but the winner's share was increased to $3 million. This was designed to increase interest and player participation in the event.

In November 2021, the Race to Dubai was renamed the DP World Tour Rankings in line with the tour being retitled as the DP World Tour. However, in November 2022, the tour announced that the Rankings would be reverted to the Race to Dubai, starting from the 2023 season.

Rolex Series
For the 2017 season, the European Tour launched the Rolex Series, a series of events with higher prize funds than regular tour events. The series began with eight events, each with a minimum prize fund of $7 million.

Order of Merit winners
The European Tour's money list was known as the "Order of Merit" until 2009, when it was replaced by the Race to Dubai. It is calculated in euro, although around half of the events have prize funds which are fixed in other currencies, mainly pounds sterling or U.S. dollars. In these instances, the amounts are converted into euro at the exchange rate for the week that the tournament is played. The winner of the Order of Merit receives the Harry Vardon Trophy, not to be confused with the Vardon Trophy awarded by the PGA of America.

Leading career money winners
The table below shows the top 10 career money leaders on the European Tour. Due to increases in prize money over the years, it is dominated by current players. The figures are not the players' complete career earnings as most of them have earned millions more on other tours (especially the PGA Tour) or from non-tour events. In addition, elite golfers often earn several times as much from endorsements and golf-related business interests as they do from prize money.

As of 10 December 2023.

Golfer of the Year
The European Tour Golfer of the Year was an award handed by a panel comprising members of the Association of Golf Writers and commentators from television and radio. The award was created in 1985 and lasted until 2020, when it merged with the Players' Player of the Year award in 2021.

Players' Player of the Year
The European Tour Players' Player of the Year was inaugurated in 2008, with the winner being determined by a vote of tour members. In 2017 the award was renamed as the Seve Ballesteros Award in honour of the legendary Spanish golfer. From 2021 onwards, the Seve Ballesteros Award merged with the Golfer of the Year award, creating one singular honour voted for by the players.

Rookie of the Year
The Sir Henry Cotton Rookie of the Year award is named after the English three-time Open Champion Sir Henry Cotton. Originally chosen by Henry Cotton himself, the winner was later selected by a panel consisting of the PGA European Tour, The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews and the Association of Golf Writers. It is currently given to the rookie who places highest in the Race to Dubai. The award was first presented in 1960, and thus predates the official start of the tour in 1972. There have been five years when no award was made.

Graduate of the Year
The European Challenge Tour Graduate of the Year was inaugurated in 2013 and is awarded to the highest ranked player in the Race to Dubai who graduated from the Challenge Tour in the previous season.

Chief Executives
Since the tour's formation in 1972, there have been five Chief Executives. They are as follows:

 * John Jacobs (1972–1975)
 * Ken Schofield (1975–2004)
 * George O'Grady (2005–2015)
 * Keith Pelley (2015–2024)
 * Guy Kinnings (2024–present)

Television

 * France: Canal+ Sport
 * Germany: Sky Deutschland
 * Italy: Sky Italia
 * Portugal: Sport TV
 * Spain: Movistar Golf
 * United Kingdom and Ireland: Sky Sports
 * Americas: Golf Channel
 * Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia: Golf Channel
 * Balkans: Sportklub
 * Middle East and North Africa: Golflife
 * Sub-Saharan Africa: SuperSport
 * China: CCTV
 * Japan: Golf Network
 * Korea: JTBC Golf
 * India: Sony TEN
 * Thailandia, Malaysia: Golf Channel
 * Singapore: StarHub
 * Hong Kong: Now Sports
 * Scandinavia: Viasat Golf
 * Vietnam: VTVCab
 * Australia: Fox Sport
 * New Zealand: Sky Sport NZ

title: PGA European Tour


text:
Emerald (disambiguation)

Emerald is a green gemstone. Because of its color, the word emerald is often used to describe a shade of green.

Emerald may also refer to:

Music

 * The Detroit Emeralds, an American R&B vocal group most active in the 1970s
 * Emerald (Alan Stivell album), 2009
 * Emerald (Dar Williams album), 2015
 * Emerald (ballet), the first movement of George Balanchine's Jewels, often performed by itself
 * Emeralds (band), an ambient music trio from Cleveland, Ohio
 * "Emerald" (Thin Lizzy song)

Video games

 * Pokémon Emerald, one of the Pokémon video games
 * Emerald (Pokémon), a main character in Pokémon Adventures
 * Chaos Emeralds, a set of gems with mythical powers in Sonic the Hedgehog video games

Literature

 * The Emerald City of Oz, a 1910 book by L. Frank Baum

Biology

 * Several species of hummingbird called emeralds in the genera
 * Chlorostilbon
 * Cynanthus
 * Elvira
 * Amazilia
 * Emerald damselflies, members of the family Lestidae
 * Emerald dragonflies, members of the family Corduliidae
 * Large emerald, a moth of the family Geometridae
 * Emerald dove, a pigeon
 * Emerald toucanet, Aulacorhynchus prasinus, a near-passerine bird

Business

 * Emerald Group Publishing, a UK publisher of management and business journals
 * Emerald Music, a record label
 * Emerald Records (1966), a record label
 * Emerald Records (2000s), a record label
 * Emerald snack nuts, a product line manufactured by Diamond Foods

Computers and software

 * Emerald (window decorator), a theme manager for Compiz
 * Emerald (programming language), a distributed Object-Oriented programming language

Fictional characters and places

 * Emerald City, a fictional city in the Land of Oz in the book
 * Emerald Empress, a DC Comics supervillain
 * Emerald, the name given to Green Esmeraude in the English-language version of the anime Sailor Moon
 * Emerald Zirconia Goldenbraid, a main character in Mysticons in which she is the legendary Mysticon Knight
 * Emerald, a character from the series Steven Universe
 * Emerald Sustrai, a character from the series RWBY

People

 * Caro Emerald (born 1981), Dutch jazz singer
 * Emerald Fennell (born 1985), English actress, author, screenwriter, producer, and director.
 * Emerald Zellers, beauty queen from Scottsdale, Arizona
 * Emerald Ignacio (born 1980), aka "DriftGirl", is an actor and model
 * Marti Emerald, elected member of the San Diego City Council

Australia

 * Emerald, Queensland, a town in the Central Highlands Region
 * Emerald, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne
 * Emerald, New South Wales, a small township north of Coffs Harbour

Canada

 * Emerald, Prince Edward Island
 * Emerald, Ontario
 * Rural Municipality of Emerald No. 277, Saskatchewan
 * Emerald Park, Saskatchewan

United States

 * Emerald Lake Hills, California
 * Emerald Triangle, California
 * Emerald Coast, Florida
 * Emerald Township, Minnesota
 * Emerald Beach, Missouri
 * Emerald, Nebraska
 * Emerald Isle, North Carolina
 * Emerald, Pennsylvania
 * Emerald, Texas, a ghost town in Crockett County, Texas
 * Emerald (CDP), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
 * Emerald, Wisconsin, a town
 * Emerald Grove, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

Other places

 * Emerald Isle, a nickname for Ireland
 * Emerald Island, a nickname for the island of Lesbos

Ships

 * Emerald-class cruiser, light cruiser class of two ships in service with the British Royal Navy from 1926 to 1946–1948
 * HMS Emerald, name of numerous British Royal Navy ships
 * USS Emerald, name of more than one United States Navy ship
 * SS The Emerald, 1958 Greek-owned passenger cruise ship chartered by Thomson Holidays
 * Emerald Princess, 2006 cruise ship
 * Emerald (HBC vessel), operated by the HBC in 1816 and 1817, see Hudson's Bay Company vessels

Other

 * The Emerald (building), a high-rise residential building in Seattle, Washington, United States
 * Emerald Beach Club, South Andros, Andros, Bahamas; a former beach resort
 * Emerald (mango), named mango cultivar that originated in Florida
 * Emerald Buddha, a figurine of Buddha made of green jade
 * Emerald network, an ecological network to conserve wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats of Europe
 * Emerald Tablet, an alchemical text attributed to Hermes Trismegistus
 * Emeralds (Super Fours), a women's cricket team that competed in the Super Fours
 * Eugene Emeralds, minor league baseball team in Eugene, Oregon
 * Oatfield Emerald, a type of chocolate toffee sweet native to Ireland
 * Emerald (given name)

title: Emerald (disambiguation)


text:
Kirk Hinrich

Kirk James Hinrich ( born January 2, 1981) is an American former professional basketball player. He has also been a member of the USA National Team.

Growing up in Sioux City, Iowa, Hinrich was exposed to basketball at an early age. His father, Jim, coached him from the third grade through high school.

As a high school senior, Hinrich was named the 1999 Co-Iowa Mr. Basketball, along with future college teammate and roommate Nick Collison. Hinrich originally committed to play basketball at Iowa State but when the coach at the time, Tim Floyd, took the head coaching position for the NBA's Chicago Bulls, Hinrich changed his mind and decided to attend the University of Kansas. Hinrich helped Kansas to consecutive Final Fours in 2002 and 2003, his junior and senior seasons. He was drafted by the Chicago Bulls with the seventh pick in the 2003 NBA Draft, where he earned the nickname "Captain Kirk". Hinrich is the Bulls' all-time leader in three-point field goals. After seven seasons with the Bulls, he had short stints with the Washington Wizards and Atlanta Hawks before returning to the Bulls in 2012. In 2016, he was traded back to the Atlanta Hawks.

Early life
Hinrich was born to Jim and Nancy Hinrich of Sioux City, Iowa. His father played basketball at Briar Cliff College and later became a coach for Sioux City West High School. When Hinrich was about seven years old, Jim Hinrich visited Ray Nacke, his old college coach, and asked if Kirk could enroll in Nacke's summer camp for fourth, fifth, and sixth graders. Despite Nacke's hesitations, Hinrich was allowed to attend the camp, and played well against the older children. After just two years, Hinrich advanced to Nacke's camp for young teenagers, and excelled there, as well.

Hinrich also played football at the quarterback position, and baseball as a pitcher. However, basketball was Hinrich's passion. His role model was Seattle SuperSonics star Gary Payton, a player known for his strong defense. With his father as coach, Hinrich's basketball team at Sioux City West High School achieved an 82–9 record over four years, and won the Iowa state championship when Hinrich was a senior. When he graduated, Hinrich was West High's all-time leader in points, steals, and assists.

College career
As a freshman with the University of Kansas Jayhawks, Hinrich tallied 123 assists and received the Clyde Lovellette Most Improved Player Award. The next year, he ranked eighth in the nation in assists per game (6.9), led his team in steals, and set a Kansas Jayhawks record with a .505 three-point shooting mark. Hinrich was also voted onto the Associated Press All-Big 12 Second Team and earned All Third Team status from the NCAA coaches.

In his fourth and final season at Kansas, Hinrich, along with power forward Nick Collison, led the Jayhawks to the Final Four, and was voted onto the All-Big 12 Second Team by coaches and the media. He led his team in free throw shooting and three-point shooting, contributed 5.0 assists per game and received Kansas' Ted Owens Defensive Player Award. Kansas lost to Syracuse in the championship Game but Hinrich was named the Midwest Region's Most Outstanding Player. He ranked second on his team in scoring and led it in three-pointers, while also contributing 3.5 assists per game, 3.9 rebounds per game and 1.9 steals a game. Following the season, he was named a third-team All-American by the Associated Press.

On March 1, 2009, Kansas retired Hinrich's number 10 jersey and raised it to the rafters of Allen Fieldhouse. Hinrich's was the 25th jersey to be retired by Kansas and is an honor reserved for the highest caliber of player, which includes names like Wilt Chamberlain and Paul Pierce. Hinrich was quoted as saying: "I don't know if there's a greater honor in basketball than to have your jersey hanging in the most historic basketball building in the world. It's an unbelievable honor."

2003 draft
Hinrich was selected by the Chicago Bulls in the 2003 NBA draft with the seventh overall pick, resulting in mild surprise because he had been expected to be a mid to late first-round draft pick. Some doubted that his college game would translate successfully to the professional league, in part because he played shooting guard for his final two years in college and was considered too small to play that position professionally. Hinrich's high selection in the draft is credited to a good workout in front of NBA team scouts. The Bulls needed a point guard, as Jay Williams was severely injured in a motorcycle accident. After being picked by the Bulls, Hinrich said he knew they had a need at point guard: "I know Jay... [W]e came out of high school the same year. He's a great guy. I feel for him, but the rumors were Chicago was going to take a point guard, so I had a good chance to be drafted. The situation is tough. I know everyone is kind of in mourning about it. ... But if he's not able to play anymore, which I hope is not the case, they're going to have a need for a point guard."

2003–04 season
Hinrich suffered an acute viral infection shortly before the beginning of his first season, requiring months to fully recover. However, he played well after his recovery, showing a continued good grasp of fundamental skills, solid playmaking, leadership, and a surprising defensive intensity. He solidified his position as the Bulls' starting point guard and was named to the NBA's 2004 All-Rookie first team. He held the distinction for being the only rookie during that season to record a triple-double, with 11 points, 12 rebounds and 10 assists versus the Golden State Warriors on February 28, 2004. During this same season, Hinrich's shot accuracy inside the three-point line (38.6 percent on field goals) was actually poorer than from behind it (39.0 percent on three-pointers). Hinrich was named to the NBA's "Got Milk? All-Rookie First Team" along with Dwyane Wade, LeBron James, Carmelo Anthony, and Chris Bosh. He was also awarded the Bulls' Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award or Player of the Year award (POY) for the 2003–04 season.

2004–05 season
In his second year, Hinrich's field goal percentage went up to .397, a marginal improvement. Hinrich is known for his intense on-court demeanor; he was involved in a minor scuffle between the Bulls and the Washington Wizards in the preseason of his second year in the league, for which he was fined $10,000. On a drive to the basket, then Wizards player Larry Hughes head butted Hinrich out of bounds, which prompted Bulls players Antonio Davis and Eddy Curry to get into a small fight with Wizards center Brendan Haywood. Hughes, Haywood, Curry and Davis were all suspended at least one game by the NBA. The Bulls later met the Wizards in the first round of the playoffs and the possible start of a rivalry was born. Though he began his second year as the team's starting point guard, he was moved to the shooting guard spot nine games into the season due to the team's 0–9 start. Ben Gordon was moved to the bench, as the Bulls' sixth man. The player who took over the starting point guard spot was rookie Chris Duhon. After this move was made, the Bulls started to gain team chemistry and the starting line-up was geared more towards defense, with Gordon coming off the bench to spark the team's scoring. The Bulls then made a run throughout the rest of the season to finish 47–35, becoming the first team ever to start off 0–9 and reach the playoffs, where they earned the 4th seed in the Eastern Conference. After winning the first two games of their series with the Washington Wizards, they lost the next four, including a last-second loss at home in game 5, and were eliminated. During the off-season the Bulls exercised the fourth-year option on Hinrich's contract, making him signed through the 2006–07 season. Hinrich improved in virtually every statistical category in 2004–05, including scoring (15.8 ppg), shooting (just under 40 percent from the field), rebounding (3.9 rpg) and defense (122 steals).

2005–06 season
In his third year in the NBA, Hinrich's field-goal percentage went up to 41%, although his three-point shooting accuracy fell to 35%. His career free throw shooting average is 80.5%, making him one of the better free throw shooters on the Bulls. The team traded away Antonio Davis and Eddy Curry in the off-season and the team struggled until making a late-season run to gain the seventh seed in the playoffs where they faced the eventual champs, the Miami Heat, in the first round. It was in the third game of the series that the Heat's James Posey shoulder tackled Hinrich, as he ran the fastbreak. Hinrich ended the 2005–06 season averaging a career high 15.9 ppg, a team-high 6.4 apg, and 3.6 rpg, while shooting a career high 41.8% from the field and a then career high 81.5% from the free throw line. He was the only member of the Chicago Bulls to average more than one steal per game in the 2005–06 campaign.

Hinrich received a multi-year contract extension on October 31, 2006, which was the deadline for the deal. (Otherwise Hinrich would have become a restricted free agent). Bulls GM John Paxson was quoted as saying, "Kirk Hinrich is imperative to the foundation of our organization and we are extremely pleased to have him with us long term. We are attempting to build a team based on character and commitment and these are both traits that Kirk possesses at a very high level. This is a very good day for the Chicago Bulls organization."

2006–07 season
Hinrich improved his stats in shooting and scoring during the 2006–07 season, his fourth in the NBA, with career highs in field goal, 3-point field goal, and free throw shooting percentage, as well as a career high 16.6 ppg. However, Hinrich's assists average was the lowest of his career and he also grabbed the fewest rebounds per game of his career.

In a game against the Miami Heat, Dwyane Wade injured his wrist while being defended by Hinrich. Heat coach Pat Riley suggested that Hinrich injured Dwyane Wade's wrist on purpose. "Hinrich pulled his hand. He does it all the time that's what he does. Anytime Dwyane comes off screens, they will always grab his shirt or grab his hands. It's a tactic down below the body the official can't see it. He had Dwyane's hand, and [when Wade] tried to pull it out of there, I think something happened."

Hinrich was then played a recording of what Riley said; his response was candid, as he responded by saying "I can't worry about Pat Riley, I just have to worry about myself, he's going to try and do his job, and I'm going to try and do my job. I can't really comment on what he should be worrying about. It's unfortunate [Wade] got hurt, but I wasn't trying to hurt him. I was chasing him off a screen then there's contact. I don't know if he got tangled up or whatever, and he started grabbing his hand."

When Hinrich's teammate Ben Gordon heard Riley's comments, he came to his defense stating "I heard him saying something about Kirk. Posey's was way more blatant. I don't think Kirk did anything. He was just playing aggressive defense. Kirk didn't do anything dirty. I don't appreciate him taking shots at our guys." Sports Illustrated columnist Chris Mannix called Riley's comments "on the border of hypocrisy" while maintaining that Hinrich's grab of Wade's wrist, while illegal, was not a dirty play. "For starters, the play itself hardly qualifies as dirty. That was not the word Riley chose, but it was certainly what he insinuated. Illegal, yes. But dirty?" "Hinrich had no intention of hurting Wade. He didn't grab his wrist and twist it. He didn't chop down on it with his other hand." He went on to describe plays like that commonplace in the NBA, while calling Posey's foul on Hinrich during the 2006 playoffs dirty. "Dirty was the cheap shot that James Posey delivered to Hinrich when he leveled the guard with a body check during last season's playoffs."

Riley later had a different view on his comments; the next time the Bulls and Heat played Riley was questioned about the comments he made by a reporter. "I didn't accuse him of anything, I'm going to tell you exactly what I think about him, OK? I think he's one of the top defenders in the game, in the league. He reminds me of Jerry Sloan, he reminds me of Michael Cooper. And just like the Chicago Bulls whined about Dwyane, who was getting too many free throws, a great defender like Kirk Hinrich gets away with more." "He's into you, he's relentless. He has a reputation as a tough defender and he gets away with more."

During the Bulls' first game of the 2007 playoffs against the Miami Heat, Hinrich threw his mouthpiece into the stands after being assessed a charging foul. Hinrich received a technical foul for his actions as well as a $25,000 fine.

Technically Hinrich should have been ejected from the game but he was allowed to stay in. Bulls coach Scott Skiles was quoted as saying "What Kirk did the other (day), that's supposed to be an automatic ejection. They didn't see it. Hopefully, nothing like that happens again." The Bulls went on to sweep the Heat, before being eliminated in 6 games by the Detroit Pistons.

Hinrich was named to the NBA's All Defensive second team in the 06–07 season. Hinrich received 7 first team votes and 4 second team votes, for a total of 18 points. Hinrich joined teammate Ben Wallace on the 06–07 All Defensive second team.

2007–08 season
In the season, Hinrich's numbers dropped across the board, averaging then-career lows in points (11.5), assists (6.0), rebounds (3.3), and minutes played (31.7). He only appeared in 75 games and started 72 of them due to minor injuries. The Bulls missed the playoffs in the 2007–08 season finishing with a dismal 33–49 season.

Hinrich scored a career-high 38 points in a win over the Indiana Pacers on January 23, 2008.

2008–09 season
Due to the arrival of number one pick Derrick Rose, Hinrich was relegated to a backup role at the point guard position for the 2008–2009 season. Injuries also held him to just 51 games played on the season, with only 4 starts.

During the 2009 NBA Playoffs Hinrich averaged 30.0 minutes per game, 2.9 assists per game, 1.7 steals per game and 12.6 points per game. The Bulls lost to the Celtics in the first round of the playoffs in a thrilling seven-game series.

2009–10 season
On February 20, 2010, in a game against the Philadelphia 76ers, Hinrich became the Bulls' all-time leader in three-point field goals, surpassing Ben Gordon's record of 770. On April 13, 2010, Hinrich produced a season high 30 points in a 101–93 win over the Boston Celtics.

Hinrich finished the season averaging 10.9 points per game, 4.5 assists per game, and 1.2 steals per game as the Bulls made the final 8th seed spot in the Eastern Conference playoffs. In the playoffs, Hinrich averaged 12.4 points and 4 assists per game, but the Bulls lost to the Cleveland Cavaliers in five games.

Washington Wizards (2010–2011)
On July 8, 2010, Hinrich was traded to the Washington Wizards along with draft rights to forward Kevin Seraphin in exchange for draft rights to Vladimir Veremeenko. Hinrich began to wear glasses during gameplay during his tenure with the Wizards after learning from Wizards optometrist Keith Smithson that he could lose sight in his left eye if he was hit. In his short tenure with the Wizards, he averaged 11.1 points, 4.4 assists and 2.2 rebounds per game.

Atlanta Hawks (2011–2012)
On February 23, 2011, Hinrich was traded to the Atlanta Hawks along with Hilton Armstrong in exchange for Mike Bibby, Jordan Crawford, Maurice Evans and a first-round pick in the 2011 NBA draft. At the end of the 2010–11 season, the Hawks made the playoffs as the fifth seed in the Eastern Conference. In Game 6 of the first round against the Orlando Magic, Hinrich injured his hamstring and subsequently missed the entire second round of the playoffs in which the Hawks ended up losing to Hinrich's former team, the Chicago Bulls.

Hinrich missed the first eighteen games of the 2011–12 NBA season after undergoing left shoulder surgery. During the season, Hinrich averaged career lows in points per game at 6.6, assists per game at 2.8, and minutes per game at 25.8.

Return to Chicago (2012–2016)
On July 23, 2012, Hinrich signed a two-year contract to return to the Chicago Bulls.

In the absence of point guard Derrick Rose, Kirk began the 2012–13 season as the Bulls' starting point guard. Hinrich struggled with various injuries throughout the campaign, including an elbow infection and a stress reaction in his foot, shooting just 38% from the field. He finished the year averaging 7.7 points, 5.2 assists, 2.6 rebounds, and 1.1 steals in 29 minutes per game. On April 27, 2013, Hinrich played an excellent game in Game 4 of Round 1 of the 2013 NBA Playoffs vs. the Nets, scoring 18 points and dishing out 14 assists in 60 minutes of the action as the Bulls defeated the Nets 142–134 in triple overtime to give the Bulls a 3–1 series lead. However, Hinrich missed the rest of the postseason after rupturing his calf in the second quarter of that game. The Bulls were eliminated in the second round by the Miami Heat.

Hinrich started the 2013–14 season as a bench player backing up Derrick Rose, but when Rose suffered a torn meniscus ending his season just 10 games in, Hinrich again became the starter. While he struggled to start the year, shooting just 36.4% from the field and 28% on 3 pointers, he improved immensely following the All-Star Break, shooting 42.8% from the field and 43.7% from 3 for the remainder of the season. He also enjoyed a much healthier regular season campaign, with his 73 games played being his most since the 2009–10 season. His 9.1 points per game average was also his highest since the 2010–11 season.

On July 21, 2014, Hinrich re-signed with the Bulls to a reported two-year, $5.6 million contract.

On June 29, 2015, Hinrich exercised his player option with the Bulls for the 2015–16 season.

Return to Atlanta (2016)
On February 18, 2016, Hinrich was traded to the Atlanta Hawks in a three-team trade involving the Bulls and the Utah Jazz. Hinrich's final NBA game was Game 2 of the 2016 Eastern Conference Semifinals on May 4, 2016. In that game, the Hawks would lose 98 – 123 to the Cleveland Cavaliers with Hinrich recording 3 points and 2 rebounds.

International career
In July 2006, Hinrich was officially named to the U.S. national basketball team that would compete in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. He was initially invited to participate in February 2006, but declined due to the pressure of making a decision in the midst of a competitive NBA season with the Chicago Bulls. After his 2005–06 season ended, however, Hinrich changed his mind and accepted a spot on the team's roster. Hinrich said of the incident: "When I initially turned it down, I don't know if I really knew what I was doing. It was in the middle of a long season. I was focused on what we were doing. After the season was over, I was thinking that I someday might regret it. To get another chance to reconsider, I feel lucky."

The roster first fielded more than 20 players, but it was soon cut down to 15 players, among which was Hinrich. When the final roster was announced, Hinrich was chosen as one of the 12 players set to compete in the FIBA World Championship in Japan. After Hinrich learned of his grandfather's death, he briefly left the US training camp in Las Vegas early in the morning of July 25 and returned to his hometown of Sioux City, Iowa.

Hinrich started an exhibition game against Lithuania on August 13, 2006, and scored 10 points and 2 steals in a US win. After the game, Hinrich was asked about starting the game. He responded, "We're playing in groups right now. I know when I get my time, I just try to make the best of it, make sure our team is successful. It's one of those deals when you play in groups in spurts like that, it's a little bit tougher. But, you don't hold back and give it everything you got because you know you'll be rested a lot."

In the FIBA world Championship semi-final, Team USA played against the Greece national team. With 2:41 to play in the game, Hinrich connected on a three-point shot to bring the US within 5 points, but was then called for an unsportsmanlike foul on Greece center Sofoklis Schortsanitis. With 45 seconds left, he knocked down another three-pointer to pull the US within four. Hinrich was then fouled out when he intentionally hit a Greek player to stop the shot clock. Despite the US effort, the Greek sealed the deal with free throws and won 101–95. The US team then played against the Argentinian team for the bronze medal. In the game, Hinrich played against his former Bulls' teammate Andrés Nocioni. The US went on to win 96–81, and took home the bronze medal.

Hinrich dropped out of the U.S. training camp for the FIBA Americas Championship in 2007, citing personal reasons.

The Chicago Tribune reported that Hinrich dropped out of his commitment to the US national team so that he could focus on his wedding, and to "hitting the weights" hard. In April 2008, Hinrich revealed that he would not play for Team USA in the Beijing Olympics since his wife was expecting a baby. He said of the Olympics, "It wasn't like I was upset about anything. It just wasn't working out for me."

Personal life
Hinrich was engaged to Jill Fisher in 2006. He married her on July 7, 2007. His wife gave birth to their first child, a daughter named Kenzie, in 2008. Hinrich's wife gave birth to their second daughter, Kyla, in September 2011. On September 12, 2014, Hinrich's wife gave birth to twins, a boy, Kolton, and a girl, Kinley. During his NBA career, Hinrich lived in Bannockburn, Illinois. Upon retiring from the NBA in 2017, Hinrich and his family moved to Sioux Falls, South Dakota, where Hinrich was hired at Sanford Power as a lead basketball specialist.

title: Kirk Hinrich


text:
Sapphire (disambiguation)

Sapphire is a blue gemstone in the corundum family.

Sapphire (s), SAPPHIRE, or The Sapphires may also refer to:

People

 * Olga Sapphire (1907–1981), stage name of the Russian-Japanese ballerina born Olga Ivanovna Pavlova
 * Sapphire (author) (born 1950), African-American poet and author born Ramona Lofton
 * Sapphire (wrestler) or Juanita Wright (1935–1996), professional wrestling valet and wrestler
 * Sapphire Elia (born 1987), British actress

Fictional characters

 * Sapphire (character), a character in the DC Comics universe
 * Sapphire, a character played by Jasmine Jardot in the British web series Corner Shop Show
 * Sapphire, a main character in Pokémon Adventures
 * Sapphire, a character in Sapphire & Steel, a British science fiction television series
 * Sapphire, a character in Steven Universe
 * Princess Sapphire, a character in the manga Princess Knight
 * Sapphire Rhodonite, a character in the video game Disgaea 3: Absence of Justice
 * Sapphire Stevens, a character in the 1920s–1950s radio/film/television series Amos 'n' Andy
 * Sapphire Trollzawa, a character from the animated series Trollz
 * Sapphire Kawashima, a main character in the Sound! Euphonium series

Places

 * Sapphire, North Carolina, a community in the United States
 * Sapphire, Queensland, a town in Australia
 * Sapphiretown, South Australia, a locality in Australia

 * Istanbul Sapphire, a skyscraper in Istanbul, Turkey

Animals

 * Sapphire (horse), 2004 Olympic silver-medal-winning horse
 * Sapphire butterfly, the gossamer-winged butterfly of the genus Heliophorus
 * Sapphire hummingbird, a name used for several species of hummingbird, including:
 * Blue-chinned sapphire
 * Golden-tailed sapphire
 * Rufous-throated sapphire (Amazilia sapphirina), previously belonged to Hylocharis
 * Sapphire, several hummingbird species in the genus Hylocharis
 * Blue-headed sapphire (Hylocharis grayi)
 * Blue-throated sapphire (Hylocharis eliciae)
 * Flame-rumped sapphire (Hylocharis pyropygia), validity questionable
 * Gilded sapphire (Hylocharis chrysura)
 * Humboldt's sapphire (Hylocharis humboldtii)
 * White-chinned sapphire (Hylocharis cyanus)

Films

 * Sapphire (film), a 1959 British film starring Nigel Patrick
 * The Sapphires (film), a 2012 Australian film
 * The Sapphires (Australian band), subject of the film

Games

 * Ginga Fukei Densetsu Sapphire, a 1995 rare video game for the PC Engine
 * Pokémon Sapphire, a 2002 video game for the Game Boy Advance
 * Pokémon Alpha Sapphire, a 2014 remake of Pokémon Sapphire, released for the Nintendo 3DS

Groups

 * Sapphire, a band that includes members of the band Alyson Avenue
 * The Sapphires (American band), a 1960s American pop group
 * The Sapphires (Australian band), a 1960s Aboriginal Australian trio of female singers
 * The Sapphhires (backing vocalists), a 1950s male Australian trio of backing singers, worked with Col Joye

Albums

 * Sapphire (John Martyn album), 1984
 * Sapphire (Teena Marie album), 2006
 * Sapphire, a 1995 album by the Japanese jazz musician Keiko Matsui

Songs

 * "Sapphire", an instrumental piece by Norwegian band TNT from the 1987 album Tell No Tales

Brands, enterprises, groups, organizations

 * Sapphire (books), a British book publisher
 * Sapphire (clothing brand), a Pakistani company
 * Bombay Sapphire, a brand of London dry gin produced by the Bombay Spirits Company
 * Chase Sapphire Preferred Visa, an Ultimate Rewards Visa Signature credit card of JPMorgan Chase
 * Chase Sapphire Reserve Visa, an elite Ultimate Rewards Visa Infinite credit card of JPMorgan Chase similar to the JPMorgan Reserve that replaced the Palladium Card, in 2016
 * Sapphire Energy is an energy company that produces oil made from algae
 * Sapphire Gentlemen's Club, a chain of adult entertainment venues
 * Sapphire Ventures, a venture capital firm

 * Sapphire, the rape investigation unit of the Metropolitan Police Service of Greater London, UK
 * SAPPHIRE, a human resource management committee of XLRI Jamshedpur

Computing

 * Sapphire Technology, a manufacturer of PC hardware
 * SAPPHIRE (Health care), a health information system based on Semantic Web and RDF language
 * SAPPHIRE, SAP's customer-facing event
 * Sapphire programming framework, a framework in the PHP language, distributed with the SilverStripe content management system
 * Sapphire Worm, another name for the SQL slammer worm

Celebrations and jubilees

 * Sapphire jubilee, a celebration to mark a 65th anniversary
 * Sapphire Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II, commemoration of the 65th year of Queen Elizabeth's reign

Aerospace

 * Sapphire (satellite), a Canadian space surveillance satellite launched in 2013
 * Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire, a jet engine also known as the Wright J65
 * Sapphire Aircraft Australia Sapphire LSA, an Australian ultralight aircraft

Ships

 * HMS Sapphire, the name of several ships of the British Royal Navy
 * USS Sapphire, more than one United States Navy ship
 * MERMAID Sapphire, a multipurpose oceanic support ship, dive support ship, ROV support ship, run by Mermaid Services

Ground transport

 * Sapphire (train), (German: Saphir) a European express train
 * Arriva Sapphire, a premium brand of Arriva bus services in the United Kingdom
 * Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire (motor car), a series of UK post-war cars
 * Ford Sapphire, a sedan version of the Ford Sierra, sold in South Africa and the United Kingdom

Sports

 * Sapphires (Super Fours), a women's cricket team that competed in the Super Fours
 * Sapphire Stakes (ATC), an Australian horse race

Other uses

 * Sapphire (color), an intense shade of blue
 * Sapphire, an African-American stereotype also called Angry Black Woman

title: Sapphire (disambiguation)


text:
The Engineer's and Mechanic's Encyclopaedia

The Engineer's and Mechanic's Encyclopaedia is a book edited by Luke Hebert, a Birmingham patent agent and journalist, and published by Thomas Kelly of Paternoster Row. The first edition appeared in 1836 and 1837. The second edition appeared in 1849. It was in two octavo volumes (Vol. 1, 796 pp and vol. 2, 928 pp), illustrated with woodcuts in the text and a number of full page engravings.

Many of the articles relate to specific processes and machines, and overall the encyclopaedia is not over-concerned with the theoretical aspects. Of particular value are the monograph-length accounts of the progress of rail transport and steamboats.


text:
User:Lucas Thompson

Please don't hesitate to get in touch with me directly via email [mailto:doctorthompson@gmail.com] regarding any issues with my Wikipedia edits.

A Brief History of Lucas Thompson

 * 1971 I was born.
 * 1979 I sat down in front of a computer for the very first time.
 * 1987 Got up from the computer to play stupidly fast harmonic minor scales on my electric guitar and become a heavy metal guitar god.
 * 1992 Guitar god job wasn't paying the bills ... sat down at the computer again.
 * 2004 Started contributing to the Wikipedia project in my spare time, since I'm usually sitting at the computer. :)
 * 2007 Got my first reef tank, a simple 75 gallon glass tank with no overflows, using livestock from my girlfriend's 37 gallon.

I mostly sit in front of my reef aquariums or coral propagation tanks instead of sitting at my computer; the computer just isn't as interesting as it used to be.

Interests

 * Reef aquariums
 * Coral farming and propagation
 * Computing
 * Linux, Mac OS X, and other Unix-like operating systems
 * Perl
 * Computer Networks
 * Semantic Web
 * Document Engineering
 * Genetic Algorithms
 * Artificial Intelligence (specifically with regard to creative task assistance)
 * Information Architecture
 * Music
 * Heavy Metal
 * Neoclassical
 * Jazz
 * Plus anything with a Guitar and/or decent lyrics
 * Dax Riggs
 * Carcass
 * Bob Dylan (you don't see Dylan and Carcass together on many lists...)
 * Leonard Cohen
 * Iron Maiden
 * Stan Rogers
 * Garnet Rogers

title: User:Lucas Thompson