text:
Talk:Variable valve timing

Untitled
Moved to 'Variable valve timing' from 'VVT' because we don't write an article at the contraction, but at the full word, and we don't capitalise except on proper nouns, which I don't think variable valve timing as a concept is. See Naming conventions. —Morven 17:38, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)

The GM systems mentioned in the history section were separate, one varied timing and one varied lift, both systems were unsuccessful and never produced. I believe GM did however produce a valve system that was used to deactivate pairs of cylinders on a V8 in the early 80s. I can find no reference to any system with the name Smart Valve. I am considering changing the GM part of the history if anyone has any objections please let me know. IJB TA 01:40, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Nissan VVT

 * This article is a little off base. VVT or variable valve timing simply changes the timing of the camshaft, using cam phasers.  It does NOT change the actual profile of the camshaft.  Vtec, on the other hand, utilizes a camshaft that has multiple profiles, and can select which profile to use based on current operating perameters.*  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.28.232.10 (talk) 16:28, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

Heres an article stating Nissan did design and implement japans first VVT engine. http://autoweb.drive.com.au/cms/newsarticle.html?&start=90&showall=&id=NIS&doc=nis9810153

"Nissan produced Japans first variable valve timing system in 1986 and, since then, Nissan Valve Timing Control System (NVCS) has been used in many production vehicle applications."

You can do some research on the 300ZR Z31 if you want, it used the same engine as the NA Z32 though with a different intake manifold.

 * The Z31 and Z32 were not powered by the same engines, all models of the Z31 were powered by variations of the VG30E SOHC engine, all models of the Z32 were powered by variations of the VG30DE DOHC engine. The VG30DE was not produced until 1990. Also I have located the earliest US patent for the Nissan VVT system (4,960,084), it shows that the earliest date that Nissan applied for a patent in Japan was in September of 1988. The reference you provided is pretty far from definitive proof that Nissan produced a VVT system in 1986. Are there any other references that you can provide? IJB TA 19:30, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Wrong. In America all Z31s are powered by the VG30E(T) engines. In Austraila and Japan they got the 200Z,200ZR,300ZX,300ZR with VG20E, VG20ETs,VG30E,VG30ETs,RB20DETs, AND VG30DE(300ZR). The VG30DE(TT) engine was originally developed for the Mid-4 in the mid 80s, the naturally aspirated version was first used in the 300ZR in 1986 (87 model year). Heres a bit more info on the DE sereies engines that ALL have VVT.

http://zhome.com/History/MID-4.htm

Also the VH45DE engines used in the Nissan Cederic in Japan (Q45 here) recieved VVT in 1988.

 * Still nothing on a VVT system. Here's a reference stating that the VG30DE went through extensive development after it was shown in the Mid-4: http://www.zccw.org/History/Z32_part1.htm . The VG30DE with VVT was developed for the Z32 which did not enter into production until 1990 (model year). One obscure reference is simply not enough to disprove what is a very widely accepted fact, so unless you have something a little more concrete I think the article should be reverted to my previous edit. IJB TA 05:20, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

To be quite honest with you, its hard to obtain information on the early VG30DE(TT) engines as they were sold in low #s and only in Japan. Its a pretty widely accepted fact as several sources have mentioned it that Nissan developed the first production VVT system. I know the cederics were using the VG20DET in 87 which also used VVT. Heres the most precise answer I can give you right now: http://www.alljapanesecars.com/specsview.php3?mk=Nissan&md=Cedric&mc=y31&gn=9 ^Lists the cederic having VVT in 1987

http://www.photodump.com/direct/govaard/DavidZproductionqty.jpg ^ and this is when the Z32 began production The Z32 was sold as an 89 model in Japan and was actually on sale in 1988. Either way that was still the first mass produced VVT system in Japan and the world.

 * Well, most of what has been presented here is not really solid proof. But Nissan had been developing VVT systems as early as the mid 1970s (and maybe even earlier) so it is much more plausible that Nissan did produce the first VVT systems. I have also found it difficult to locate information on Nissan production engine technology so I can't say for sure either way. So I suppose the article will stay as is, unless someone else presents information to say otherwise. IJB TA 07:34, 14 August 2006 (UTC)

Revisions to the History section
I am considering incorporating some new information into the History section such as the following:
 * Lycoming (not Fiat) would develop the worlds first functional VVT system in 1944 for the R-7755, the largest piston aircraft engine developed in the US. Anyone know if this system was patented?
 * Nissan had developed a VVT system that used "3d" cam lobes which could alter timing, duration and lift. It would later inspire a similar system currently used by Ferrari. US patent numbers 4,182,289 and 4,352,344.

If anyone has anything that they would like to add please present it. Thanx, IJB TA 02:06, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

14:44, 5 May 2016 (UTC)14:44, 5 May 2016 (UTC)14:44, 5 May 2016 (UTC)14:44, 5 May 2016 (UTC)14:44, 5 May 2016 (UTC)FifthAgeOfMan (talk) I believe there is an error 14:44, 5 May 2016 (UTC)14:44, 5 May 2016 (UTC)14:44, 5 May 2016 (UTC)14:44, 5 May 2016 (UTC)14:44, 5 May 2016 (UTC)FifthAgeOfMan (talk) Don't know if this is how it's done, however I noted in the article's History section there is no mention that Alfa Romeo had implemented VVT in their Spider Veloce in 1983 and switched to electronic VVT by 1985. Nissan is given credit as first, however, they didn't apply for patent until 1986, three years after Alfa had a system in Production automobiles. There are numerous sources for verification including Alfa's own service advisory updates from 5 May 1990, referring to the means of adjusting the 1983 version, and U.S. Patents, for example There is a great deal more information to be found through the patent office publications alone, however, my job is not to do the correction, for which I do not feel qualified, but to point out what I believe to be "the error." Again, I am unfamiliar with the methods, therefore I hope that this is an acceptable means of calling attention to what may need to be corrected. Thank you for your consideration.

Honda exaggerations
The exaggerations in the Honda section have to stop. VTEC V-6 is not comparable to a "racing cam." This is a ridiculous assertion along with several other ridiculous assertions removed from the Honda sections. -TP

 * There are no exaggerations. I changed race cam to high lift, long duration, which is essentially a race cam. VTEC cams in V6 engines have an intake cam profile which is aggressive, maybe not comparable to race cams but fairly aggressive for a mass production vehicle. The high rpm cams in high output DOHC VTEC engines do have profiles comparable to that of a race cam, the ability to use these types of profiles is why the VTEC system was developed in the first place. VTEC engines do not produce less power at low rpm when compared to non-VTEC engines, again, this is the main reason the VTEC system was developed, to allow for an aggressive, high rpm cam to be used without sacrificing low rpm output. DOHC i-VTEC engines do not have an "added lift device", the VTEC system already varies lift. Advanced VTEC will have a device which will allow the system to vary lift continuously like the BMW Valvetronic system. DOHC i-VTEC engines do have continuously variable timing for the intake cam. Fully operate does not apply, that would be like saying a door latch does not fully operate until the door is closed. Please research your edits properly before making them, there is a huge amount of information about these systems on the web. I should not have to teach anyone who edits this article about this subject. IJB TA 05:25, 31 October 2006 (UTC)

Separate notation on 10/29/2008: Someone might want to add to Honda's list of VTEC designs, their A-VTEC, which recently debuted with the 2009 Acura TL. This iteration of VTEC has been deployed to bring independent intake & exhaust timing to their J35 & J37, SOHC, V6 motors...functionality similar to VTEC applications to DOHC configurations. Improved low end torque has been cited. Claims are that this is a more elegant design that BMW's Valvtronic. There's a white paper available & a measure of technical discussion re Honda's new A-VTEC off TEMPLE OF VTEC.COM (see Jeff Palmer's article).

 * I will add something about Advanced VTEC to the list. I did read the TOV article but there is still only speculation as to how the Advanced VTEC system affects the exhaust valves, if it does at all. If someone finds more detailed information they can change it. IJB TA (talk) 15:54, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Well, I don't think Advanced VTEC is actually in production, but I can't find any information about the VTEC system in use in the 2009 Acura TL. It is a unique system but does not have a specific name. I'll keep looking. IJB TA (talk) 20:42, 1 July 2009 (UTC)

Variable Valve Actuation
Why is this page separate from Variable valve actuation? If they are different, there is nothing on either page to explain the differences; If they are the same thing (or closely related), they should be merged. 82.26.227.219 (talk) 09:55, 9 May 2011 (UTC)

New Section On Mechanical Types
I have added this section as I thought the existing article, although very good, was lacking detail on mechanical only types. In addition to this reason I know that Wiki articles are very often the place both amateur inventors and auto industry researchers alike first turn to when starting a new project. I hope what I have written here will give them some guidance. I know of some researchers who have thought that they had "invented" just about all these types one after another - not knowing that they all ready existed. I have never actually seen anything like the section I have just written on any freely available to the public material - only internal company reports and patent search reports etc. I still have some work to do in finding USPTO numbers as examples, and adding links and references etc. Clivedog (talk) 10:25, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia does not publish original research or anything that is not publicly available. One of Wikipedia's 5 Pillars is Verifiability. This means it must be possible for others, with reasonable effort, to find the same sources you used and verify what you said. Please carefully read the pages I linked to, and revise your contribution using only verifiable sources, and then please cite your sources to make it possible to check them. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 16:39, 12 January 2012 (UTC)

This may explain why nothing has been written previously on mechanical types. Basically very little of what I wrote has been published - so I think there is very little point in trying to get this information into the main article. However, as I explained above, I think what I wrote is very useful for amateur inventors and auto industry professionals alike. I will move the "New Section" to the "talk" page and add a link to it on the main article page - I will presume that this is allowable unbder Wiki rules?Clivedog (talk) 02:26, 13 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Deleted again. Please read WP:NOTWEBHOST. Wikipedia is not your free web host. You could create a blog and publish your research there. Or you could apporach a magazine, journal, or other reputable publication and ask them to publish your work. If that happened, then you could add it to Wikipedia and cite it. It would have to be pass a bona fide editor, though, and not be self-published. See WP:SPS.The key is that Wikipedia does not lead. Wikipedia follows. Secondary sources are the main sources used here; well-established, mainstream facts. Nothing cutting edge. Nothing from the fringes. Or next to nothing.I'm not saying it's not useful. We can agree that it's useful but useful doesn't meet Wikipedia's criteria. Use your expertise to find and cite published sources. Work that breaks new ground goes elsewhere. --Dennis Bratland (talk) 03:13, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

Dennis - Thank you for your explanation of the situation - which I must admit that I didn't quite understand. However it does seem a slightly odd and paradoxical situation that when something is published by a magazine it then becomes "OK". I know a few editors of motoring-type magazines and, generally speaking, they are so desperate for new and interesting material that they are quite happy to publish pretty much anything within reason - and by Wiki standards this would then make it "kosher"? I will see what I can do about publishing elsewhere - but until then Wiki may have to do without my words of wisdom.Clivedog (talk) 05:07, 13 January 2012 (UTC)

The Wiki system of referencing turned out to be not as quite as indecipherable as it first appeared to be - so I have added some references and resubmitted the addition to the article.Clivedog (talk) 07:01, 17 January 2012 (UTC)

Citations needed regarding steam engines
Article as I found it read in part ''Almost all steam engines had some form of variable cut-off. That they are not in wide use is a reflection that they are all lacking in some aspect of variable valve actuation.''

 * On reflection this seems to be not only WP:OR about the history of the steam engine but, more important, WP:POV about the merits of VVT. The author doesn't like VVT! We've had such problems before with automotive articles, notably that one editor doesn't like extractor manifolds. And their opinions may be valid for all I know, it's just that Wikipedia is not the place to express them. Andrewa (talk) 20:53, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

I've added some details and wikilinks and two requests fro citations, but frankly I'm skeptical of both claims. Our article on cut-off reads in part Smaller stationary steam engines generally have a fixed cutoff point while, in large ones, the speed and power output is generally governed by altering the cutoff... in view of which I think the claim about almost all such engines having cut-off gear needs at least clarification. And I'm guessing that the observation about the reason for the demise of steam is WP:OR but I could be wrong. It certainly needs a citation and probably rephrasing.

It's an interesting comparison and should be kept. Just needs some cleaning up.

Certainly the "Almost all steam engines etc." statement is something of a generalisation. Maybe it should read "Almost all steam engines used for transport had variable cutoff etc." Being able to vary the cutoff makes the steam engine far more economical of fuel at lower power settings. Full throttle (regulator) and the shortest cutoff gave the highest thermal efficiency. If a means of steam transport of any kind had to carry its own fuel it needed the economy gains of variable cutoff. A coal-burning stationary engine at a coal mine would not have the same need for fuel economy. This is an article about internal combustion VVT and I don't think you really need to qualify statements like the contentious "Almost all steam engines etc." too much. I suspect the author was not referring to Stephenson's valve gear (or any of the many other "link" motions) but the more rare varities of steam valve gear such as having selectable differently-shaped cam lobes on a shaft (ancestor of Honda VTEC-type arrangements) or the even more rare "oscillating cam" varities (ancestor of BMW's Valvetronic-type systems). I don't get the impression that he or she doesn't like VVT in general? Although I like the overall article generally there are quite a few "debateable" statements scattered throughout it. I seem to have written this in the middle of Andrewa's comments - sorry. Clivedog (talk) 07:23, 1 January 2013 (UTC)

Actually the whole article needs cleanup, particularly to sort out the gossip from the information. Andrewa (talk) 20:05, 26 September 2012 (UTC)

Information out of date?
Isn't the Fiat group "multiair" (and twinair) system at least partly camless? IE the intake valve, iirc, is entirely electromechanically actuated? (With a conventional exhaust valve) 87.112.90.182 (talk) 22:22, 31 August 2015 (UTC)

Challenges Section
This section should be deleted or modified. I would argue that according to details listed later in the article under Automotive Nomenclature indicate that VVT implementation has been successful and widespread in production automobiles. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Standard7452 (talk • contribs) 15:35, 5 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Variable valve timing


text:
List of members of the European Parliament for France, 2004–2009

This is a list of members of the European Parliament for France in the 2004 to 2009 session, ordered by name.

See 2004 European Parliament election in France for a list ordered by constituency.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User talk:Dbachmann

 * User talk:Dbachmann/Archive 43

Fake Royalties Of India in Wikipedia
You may look at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameshwar_Singh and his predecessors who were officialy Zamindars (landlords) and never real Kings, they were never admitted into the Chamber of Princes (cf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamber_of_Princes). I belong to that region and I do not want to quarrel with that family which was the biggest landlord of India and Kshatra Singh (Thakur) had boughgt the title Maharaja in the beginning of 19th century but this family never had any State or boundary. Vinay Jha

Tironian et
Way back in 2015, with this edit to R rotunda, you wrote: "The abbreviation etc. was typeset using the Tironian et $⟨⁊⟩$, as $⟨⁊c.⟩$ in early incunables. Later, when typesets no longer contained a sort for the Tironian et, it became common practice to use the r rotunda glyph instead, setting $⟨ꝛc.⟩$ for etc." which is true. But you cited but there is nothing on the page cited that even mentions it. In fact the word "rotunda" does not appear anywhere in this volume nor is it in volume 2 (https://archive.org/details/printingtypesth00updigoog/page/n8/mode/2up ).

Do you have a different printing to the one on archive.org? 𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 17:40, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C

 * You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.

Dear Wikimedian,

You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process.

This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the U4C Charter.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

On behalf of the UCoC project team,

RamzyM (WMF) 23:18, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

"君" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%9B&redirect=no 君] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Anyone, including you, is welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Remsense 诉  23:07, 5 May 2024 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Category:1st century BC in Switzerland

A tag has been placed on Category:1st century BC in Switzerland indicating that it is currently empty, and is not a disambiguation category, a category redirect, a featured topics category, under discussion at Categories for discussion, or a project category that by its nature may become empty on occasion. If it remains empty for seven days or more, it may be deleted under section C1 of the criteria for speedy deletion.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and removing the speedy deletion tag. Liz Read! Talk! 22:53, 11 July 2024 (UTC)

"Kangxi Radicals" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kangxi_Radicals&redirect=no Kangxi Radicals] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Anyone, including you, is welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. –LaundryPizza03 ( d c̄ ) 07:58, 14 July 2024 (UTC)

I have sent you a note about a page you started
Hi Dbachmann. Thank you for your work on 15th millennium BC. Another editor, Klbrain, has reviewed it as part of new pages patrol and left the following comment:

To reply, leave a comment here and begin it with. (Message delivered via the Page Curation tool, on behalf of the reviewer.)

Klbrain (talk) 11:17, 17 July 2024 (UTC)

Invitation to join the Twenty Year Society
Dear ,

I'd like to extend a cordial invitation to you to join the Twenty Year Society, an informal group for editors who've been participating in the Wikipedia project for twenty years or more.

Best regards, The Herald (Benison) (talk) 04:31, 18 July 2024 (UTC)

— The Herald (Benison) (talk) 04:31, 18 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dbachmann


text:
List of members of the European Parliament for Germany, 2004–2009

This is a list of the 99 members of the European Parliament for Germany in the 2004 to 2009 session.


text:
Chase gun

A chase gun (or chaser), usually distinguished as bow chaser and stern chaser, was a cannon mounted in the bow (aiming forward) or stern (aiming backward) of a sailing ship. They were used to attempt to slow down an enemy ship either chasing (pursuing) or being chased, when the ship's broadside could not be brought to bear. Typically, the chasers were used to attempt to damage the rigging and thereby cause the target to lose performance.

Bow chasers could be regular guns brought up from the gundeck and aimed through specially cut-out ports on either side of the bowsprit, or dedicated weapons made with an unusually long bore and a relatively light ball, and mounted in the bow. Stern chasers could also be improvised, or left permanently in the cabins at the stern, covered up and used as part of the furniture.

Development
In the Age of Sail, shiphandling had been brought to a high art, and chases frequently lasted for hours or sometimes days, as each crew fine-tuned their sails to take advantage of small variations in the wind. Chase guns of this era were commonly made of brass rather than iron, as this improved their accuracy. A single lucky shot could cut through a critical line, or cause a sail to split if the wind was strong, so if the ships were within range the best gunners on each would use their chasers to make carefully aimed and timed shots at the other. Despite this, most chase guns were of limited accuracy even when aiming at the sizeable target of an enemy ship's rigging. In one eighteenth-century example, a British crew fired seventy-two shots from their vessels' bow chasers before hitting the sails of a fleeing enemy craft.

By the late eighteenth century, Royal Navy crews were progressively being trained in the use of artillery in chases. The cannons themselves were also modified to maximise their effectiveness as chase guns, including reshaping of their gun carriages to allow for greater elevation and longer range. From 1799 Royal Navy frigates were universally supplied with two bow and two stern chasers, as these were the vessels most likely to be engaged in the pursuit of fleeing enemies.

title: Chase gun


text:
Funerary text

Funerary texts or funerary literature feature in many belief systems. Its purpose is usually to provide guidance to the newly deceased or the soon-to-be-deceased about how to survive and prosper in the afterlife.

Antiquity
The most famous example of funerary literature is that of the ancient Egyptians, whose Book of the Dead was buried with the deceased to guide him or her through the various trials that would be encountered before being allowed into the afterlife. The Book of the Dead followed a tradition of Egyptian funerary literature that dated back as far as the 26th century BC.

Similar practices were followed by followers of the cult of Orpheus, who lived in southern Italy and Crete in the 6th–1st century BC. Their dead were buried with gold plates or laminae on which were inscribed directions about the afterlife.

In Mandaeism, the Left Ginza and parts of the Qolasta serve as funerary texts.

Medieval
Tibetan Buddhists still make use of the Bardo Thodol (also known as ""Tibetan Book of the Dead"", dating to ca. the 8th century), which describes the experiences of the mind after death. It is recited by lamas over a dying or recently deceased person, or sometimes over an effigy of the deceased.

Pure Land Buddhists regularly recite the Amitabha Sutra, which describes the Buddha Amitabha and Sukhavati, the Western Pure Land, in brief detail. It is ordinarily recited at funerals or at memorial services.

In late 15th-century Europe, the Ars moriendi ("The Art of Dying Well") became one of the most popular and widely circulated early printed books. It was published in Germany around 1470 as a guide to how to meet Death and avoid the temptations (Impatience, Pride, Avarice, etc.) that would consign a soul to purgatory or, worse, to hell.

The Funeral Oration (Halotti beszéd) is the oldest extant record of the Hungarian language, dating back to 1192–1195.

title: Funerary text


text:
Chaser

Chaser(s) or The Chaser(s) may refer to:

Animals

 * Chaser (dragonfly), a genus of dragonflies, Libellula
 * Chaser (dog) (2004–2019), an American Border Collie dog
 * Chaser, a horse trained for steeple-chasing

Film

 * The Chaser (1938 film), an American comedy drama
 * The Chaser (2008 film), a South Korean action-thriller
 * Chasers, a 1994 American comedy film
 * The Chasers (1959 film), a Norwegian film
 * The Chasers (1965 film), a Swedish film

Music

 * Chaser (album), by Terje Rypdal, 1985
 * The Chasers, backing musicians for Rypdal; see Terje Rypdal discography
 * Chasers (soundtrack), from the 1995 film
 * "The Chaser" (song), by Infinite, 2012
 * "Chaser", a song by Carrie Underwood from Storyteller, 2016
 * "Chaser", a song by the Wonder Years from The Greatest Generation, 2013

Television

 * The Chaser (TV series), a 2012 South Korean drama series
 * "The Chaser" (The Twilight Zone), a 1960 episode
 * The Chasers, the resident experts on the British quiz show The Chase and international versions

Other entertainment

 * Chaser (video game), a 2003 sci-fi first person shooter
 * Chaser, or Smoker, a character in One Piece comic books
 * The Chaser, an Australian satirical comedy group
 * The Chaser (newspaper), a 1999–2005 Australian satirical newspaper
 * The Chaser, a character in the video game Slender: The Arrival
 * Chasers (novel), a 2010 Being Human novel by Mark Michalowski

Technology

 * Chaser or Chase gun, a cannon mounted in the bow or stern of a sailing ship
 * HMS Chaser (D32), an aircraft carrier
 * Toyota Chaser, an automobile
 * Cosmik Chaser, a British ultralight trike design

Other uses

 * Chaser (bartending), a drink taken after a shot of hard liquor
 * Chaser, a person who carries out the metalwork craft of repoussé and chasing
 * Chaser, a slang term for a person attracted to transgender people

title: Chaser


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Ford Mustang/archive1

Ford Mustang
I'm extremely pleased to have contributed to this listing's growth. Someone even took the time to add metric subscripts to it! Again, thanks for your consideration. 0:28, 8 April 2004 (UTC) Lucky 6.9
 * Object - for now: Paragraphs way too long. Sections also needed - but not too many. It also sounds a bit too glowing and ra-ra to me = POV issues (see NPOV). There is also spurious bolding. Things like Cobra Jet should not be bolded (only self-redirects should be bolded - then only bolded the first time they are mentioned). --mav 00:18, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the tip, Mav. I've been a fan of the car for years and I admit to being somewhat enthusiastic.  I trust you'll find the update to be more NPOV.  If we can get this article "detailed out" and worthy of featuring before the Mustang's fortieth anniversary on April 19, so much the better! --   Lucky 6.9 04:08, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Looks much better. I withdraw my objection. --mav
 * Support. Meticulous and informative. Chris Roy 04:32, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Neutral. The changes improved the article greatly, but I'd like to see one more picture: something between the '69 and the '05 - maybe a picture of a model from the 1980s (even though I wasn't terribly fond of that design, it'd kind of bridge the gap in terms of pictures). R ADICAL B ENDER  ★  15:46, 8 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Another great tip...thanks, Bender. There are now BBS photos of a '78, an '85 and a '99.  Anyone have a good photo of the 1971-1973 version? Lucky 6.9 00:36, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Cool. I think it looks good.  I support this as well.  R ADICAL B ENDER  ★  02:43, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * I did some copyediting and broke up some paras. I think it should be featured.  RickK 01:37, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * There are still obvious POV issues with this article where subjective opinions are asserted without objective justification (these may be true assertions, but there's nothing to substantiate them in the article, and the choice of words is promotional). A few examples:
 * "It was the most successful product launch in automotive history, setting off near-pandemonium at Ford dealers across the continent."
 * "Looking like a car that cost hundreds of dollars more ..."
 * "An enormous list of options ..."
 * "it could be ordered from "mild to wild", ..."
 * "The Boss Is Back" as a section header
 * Also, is there no other POV than a promotional one (is there no history of factory recalls, for example)? - Bevo 15:21, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Per my e-mail response to Bevo, all of the points mentioned are based in fact and can easily be further substantiated. Stories abound of the "near-pandemonium" mentioned in the first paragraph, and the option list was among the most comprehensive of all time.  I'd be glad to expand on any of the objections raised, but I respectfully submit that listing factory recalls would be answering a question that no one is asking.  I think there's an Internet site that lists recall history on virtually any car ever made, so a link is certainly an option.  Regarding the POV objection, very little negative press was written about the early car, but increased through the years leading up to the 1979 model.  That's not to say early criticism isn't out there.  I've seen it and I'd welcome the opportunity to see more.  For example, I can say with certainty that most history books I've read have less than glowing reviews of the Boss 429.  Out of the box it was slower and more expensive than the 428 Super Cobra Jet.  Thanks again, Bevo, and please know your criticism is most appreciated.  Lucky 6.9 22:44, 9 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * I like it. Support. →Raul654 23:09, Apr 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Good article. I support - Moby 11:32, 12 Apr 2004 (UTC)
 * Added to the Technology section. Chris Roy 21:01, 15 Apr 2004 (UTC)


text:
Bajaj

Bajaj may refer to:

People

 * Bajaj (surname), an Indian surname
 * Bajaj family, prominent Indian business family
 * Bazaz, a related Kashmiri Pandit surname

Companies and products

 * Bajaj Group, a group of Indian firms in diverse businesses, founded by Jamnalal Bajaj of the Bajaj family
 * Bajaj Auto, a manufacturer of two- and three-wheelers in India, Indonesia, and South America, part of the Bajaj group
 * An auto rickshaw (three-wheeler), generically known as "Bajaj" after the Bajaj Auto company manufacturing such cars
 * Daihatsu Midget, a single-seat mini-truck also marketed under the name Bajaj
 * Bajaj Tempo, former name of a manufacturer of light trucks in India

Other uses

 * The Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies, a Business school in Mumbai, India
 * Shweta Bajaj, a fictional character portrayed by Ekta Kaul in the 2023 Indian film Pathaan

title: Bajaj


text:
List of members of the European Parliament for Greece, 2004–2009

This is a list of the 24 members of the European Parliament for the Greece in the 2004 to 2009 session.


text:
Moto

Moto, Motos or MOTO may refer to:

Business

 * Moto Hospitality, a chain of motorway service stations in the United Kingdom
 * Moto Gold Mines, an exploration and mining company acquired by Randgold Resources
 * Moto (restaurant), a restaurant in Chicago known for its "high-tech" food
 * Motorola Mobility, whose nickname was "Moto" during the feature-phone era before the rise of smartphones when the company was a division of Motorola
 * Motorola Moto, a brand of smartphones and smartwatches manufactured by Motorola Mobility

People

 * Moto Hagio (born 1949), Japanese manga artist
 * Hirokuni Moto (born 1970), Japanese boxer
 * Iwa Moto, screen name of Filipino Japanese actress and model Aileen Iwamoto (born 1988)
 * Kaoru Moto (1917–1992), U.S. Army soldier awarded the Medal of Honor
 * Severo Moto Nsá (born 1943), opposition politician in Equatorial Guinea known as Severo Moto
 * Yves Bitséki Moto (born 1983), Gabonese football goalkeeper
 * Pablo Motos (born 1965), Spanish television show host and comedian
 * Teresa Motos (born 1963), Spanish former field hockey player

Entertainment

 * Mr. Moto, a fictional Japanese secret agent
 * M.O.T.O. (short for Masters of the Obvious), a Chicago band
 * Motos, an arcade game released in 1985
 * Motos, a fictitious creature found in Will Self's novel The Book of Dave
 * Moto, one of the first two tribes featured in Survivor: Fiji
 * Girls on Top (album), a 2005 album by BoA, reissued under the title Moto
 * Moto Moto, a supporting character from the Madagascar franchise

Sports

 * Motocross, a form of off-road motorcycle racing consisting of races called motos
 * MotoGP and its divisions Moto1, Moto2 and Moto3
 * Moto Club de São Luís, a Brazilian football club
 * Moto Esporte Clube, a Brazilian football club

Other uses

 * Moto, a genus of bugs in the tribe Harpactorini
 * Moto (magazine), a Zimbabwean Catholic community newspaper
 * Shorthand for a small motorcycle or moped
 * Moto, a Central American and Peruvian incarnation of the auto rickshaw

Acronyms

 * MO/TO (Mail Order/Telephone Order) in card not present transaction processing

title: Moto


text:
List of members of the European Parliament for Hungary, 2004–2009

This is a list of the 24 members of the European Parliament for Hungary in the 2004 to 2009 session.


text:
User talk:Forbsey

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Kilmarnock logo.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Kilmarnock logo.gif. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 17:48, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Inverness Caledonian Thistle logo.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Inverness Caledonian Thistle logo.gif. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 19:08, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Hibernian logo.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:Hibernian logo.gif. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 05:08, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Notability of Chibuzor Chilaka
A tag has been placed on Chibuzor Chilaka requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a real person, organization (band, club, company, etc.), or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. If this is the first page that you have created, then you should read the guide to writing your first article.

If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. JPINFV (talk) 15:35, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Dunfermline Athletic logo.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:Dunfermline Athletic logo.gif. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 09:52, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Falkirk logo.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:Falkirk logo.gif. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BJBot (talk) 09:52, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Image source problem with Image:William Walton.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:William Walton.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 01:34, 5 November 2008 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Kam Solusar (talk) 01:34, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

List of Scotland international footballers (alphabetical)
I have put a suggestion on the talk page of this article that it be split due to its length. Comments welcomed. Jmorrison230582 (talk) 19:07, 7 January 2009 (UTC)

File source problem with File:David Murray.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:David Murray.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 23:35, 3 May 2009 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Mosmof (talk) 23:35, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

Image tagging for File:Bill Struth.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Bill Struth.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 05:32, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

Image tagging for File:David White.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:David White.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 05:38, 7 May 2009 (UTC)

Image tagging for File:Fightstar.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Fightstar.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days. If you have uploaded other images, please verify that you have provided source information for them as well.

For more information on using images, see the following pages:
 * Image use policy
 * Image copyright tags

This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. 05:40, 9 May 2009 (UTC)

Image permission problem with Image:DAFC logo.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:DAFC logo.gif I noticed that while you provided a valid copyright licensing tag, there is no proof that the creator of the image (or other media file) agreed to license it under the given license.

If you created this media entirely yourself but have previously published it elsewhere (especially online), please either
 * make a note permitting reuse under the GFDL or another acceptable free license (see this list) at the site of the original publication; or
 * Send an email from an address associated with the original publication to [mailto:permissions-en@wikimedia.org permissions-en@wikimedia.org], stating your ownership of the material and your intention to publish it under a free license. You can find a sample permission letter here.

If you did not create it entirely yourself, please ask the person who created the image to take one of the two steps listed above, or if the owner of the image has already given their permission to you via email, please forward that email to [mailto:permissions-en@wikimedia.org permissions-en@wikimedia.org].

If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags, and add a rationale justifying the image's use on the article or articles where it is included. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have provided evidence that their copyright owners have agreed to license their works under the tags you supplied, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Images lacking evidence of permission may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Stifle (talk) 11:04, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Forbsey! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 3 of the articles that you created  are tagged as Unreferenced Biographies of Living Persons. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring these articles up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the articles are adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the list:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 20:20, 16 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Joe Craig (footballer) -
 * 2) Rob MacLean -
 * 3) Moira Anderson -

Nomination of Scotland national football team results and fixtures for deletion
The article Scotland national football team results and fixtures is being discussed concerning whether it is suitable for inclusion as an article according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Scotland national football team results and fixtures until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Chris Cunningham (user:thumperward: not at work) - talk 22:27, 9 February 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Every Other Saturday

The article Every Other Saturday has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern:
 * Non-notable supporters' chant, no reliable sources, fails WP:GNG.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Jellyman (talk) 16:50, 11 March 2017 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Organizational chart.jpg
Thank you for uploading File:Organizational chart.jpg. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, please add a link to the page from which it was taken, together with a brief restatement of the website's terms of use of its content. If the original copyright holder is a party unaffiliated with the website, that author should also be credited. Please add this information by editing the image description page.

If the necessary information is not added within the next seven days, the image will be deleted. If the file is already gone, you can still make a request for undeletion and ask for a chance to fix the problem.

Please refer to the image use policy to learn what images you can or cannot upload on Wikipedia. Please also check any other files you have uploaded to make sure they are correctly tagged. Here is a list of your uploads. If you have any questions or are in need of assistance please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

''' This bot DID NOT nominate any of your contributions for deletion; please refer to the history of each individual page for details. ''' Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 10:00, 30 January 2024 (UTC)

Good article reassessment for Michael Myers (Halloween)
Michael Myers (Halloween) has been nominated for a good article reassessment. If you are interested in the discussion, please participate by adding your comments to the reassessment page. If concerns are not addressed during the review period, the good article status may be removed from the article. 🥒 Greenish Pickle! 🥒 (🔔) 03:52, 26 April 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Forbsey


text:
Saffron Walden Rural District

Saffron Walden Rural District was a rural district in the county of Essex, England. It was created in 1894 and later enlarged by the addition of the parishes of Berden, Birchanger, Elsenham, Farnham, Henham-on-the-Hill, Manuden, Stansted Mountfitchet and Ugley from the disbanded Stansted Rural District. It was named after and administered from Saffron Walden.

Since 1 April 1974 it has formed part of the District of Uttlesford.

At the time of its dissolution it consisted of the following 31 civil parishes.

 * Arkesden
 * Ashdon
 * Berden
 * Birchanger
 * Chrishall
 * Clavering
 * Debden
 * Elmdon
 * Elsenham
 * Farnham
 * Great Chesterford
 * Great Sampford
 * Hadstock
 * Hempstead
 * Henham-on-the-Hill
 * Langley
 * Littlebury
 * Little Chesterford
 * Little Sampford
 * Manuden
 * Newport
 * Quendon and Rickling
 * Radwinter
 * Stansted Mountfitchet
 * Strethall
 * Ugley
 * Wenden Lofts
 * Wendens Ambo
 * Wicken Bonhunt
 * Widdington
 * Wimbish

title: Saffron Walden Rural District


text:
Mendenhall Order

The Mendenhall Order marked a decision to change the fundamental standards of length and mass of the United States from the customary standards based on those of England to metric standards. It was issued on April 5, 1893, by Thomas Corwin Mendenhall, superintendent of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, with the approval of the United States Secretary of the Treasury, John Griffin Carlisle. The order was issued as the Survey's Bulletin No. 26 – Fundamental Standards of Length and Mass.

Standards before the order
In October 1834, the United Kingdom Houses of Parliament were destroyed in a fire, and the British standards of length and mass were also destroyed. "When the new imperial standards to replace them were completed in 1855, two copies of the yard and one copy of the avoirdupois pound were presented to the United States". These were superior to the yard then in use, so one of them was adopted as the United States national standard yard. These yards were taken to England and re-compared with the imperial yard in 1876 and 1888. The pound provided by the United Kingdom agreed with the United States mint pound, which remained the national standard according to Barbrow and Judson. Hockert claims the UK pound replaced the mint pound.

These were the fundamental standards for customary length and mass measurements in the United States, but the Office of Weights and Measures had other standards for metric measurements.

Official recognition of the metric system
The Metric Act of 1866 was passed by Congress and allowed, but did not require, the use of the metric system. Included in the law was a table of conversion factors between the traditional and metric units. The United States Coast Survey (which in 1878 became the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey) Office of Weights and Measures had on hand a number of metric standards, and selected the iron Committee Meter and the platinum Arago Kilogram to be the national standards for metric measurement. The standard yard and pound previously mentioned continued to be the standards for customary measurements.

A series of conferences in France between 1870 and 1875 led to the signing of the Metre Convention and to the permanent establishment of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, abbreviated BIPM after the French name. The BIPM made meter and kilogram standards for all the countries that signed the treaty; the two meters and two kilograms allocated to the United States arrived in 1890, and were adopted as national standards.

Reasons for the change
The imperial standard yard of 1855 was found to be unstable and shortening by measurable amounts. Also, the mint pound was found to be "likewise unfit for use". For several years before the Mendenhall order was actually issued, the Office of Weights and Measures was "practically forced" to use the metric standards because of their superior stability, and because they were better designed for carrying out precision comparisons. The Office found that the conversion tables in the 1866 law were satisfactory and used them to derive customary length and mass from the metric standards. The conversions were 1 yard = $3600/3937$ meter and 1 pound = 0.453 592  4277 kilogram. Therefore, the Mendenhall order amounted to a formal announcement of a change that had already occurred in practice.

Another motivation for the order was that later that year, in August 1893, an International Electrical Congress would be held in connection with the World's Fair in Chicago. Associated with the Congress would be a "Chamber of Delegates", officially organized for the purpose of coming to an international agreement on units of electrical quantities. As Mendenhall wrote,

"In view of the probable success of this movement and of the certainty that such definitions would be built upon a metric foundation, it was deemed wise to have definite recognition of these national prototypes [of the meter and the kilogram] as the fundamental standards of reference in all metrological operations in which the United States Government was concerned."

Refinement of the conversions
The definitions of 1893 remained unchanged for 66 years, but increasing precision in measurements gradually made the differences in the standards in use in English-speaking countries important. By the international yard and pound agreement of July 1, 1959, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States agreed that 1 yard = 0.9144 meter and that 1 avoirdupois pound = 0.453 592  37 kilogram (but see U.S. survey foot).

Standards versus systems
Mendenhall ordered that the standards used for the most accurate length and mass comparison change from certain yard and pound objects to certain meter and kilogram objects, but did not require anyone outside of the Office of Weights and Measures to change from the customary units to the metric system.

title: Mendenhall Order


text:
Who? Who? ministry

Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby led the "Who? Who?" ministry, a short-lived British Conservative government which was in power for a matter of months in 1852. Lord Derby was Prime Minister and Benjamin Disraeli served as Chancellor of the Exchequer. It marked the first time the protectionist wing of the Conservative Party had taken office since the Corn Laws schism of 1846. It is also called the First Derby–Disraeli ministry.

Early in 1852 Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, by then very deaf, gave Derby's first government its nickname by shouting "Who? Who?" as the list of inexperienced Cabinet Ministers was read out in the House of Lords.

History
After the fall of Lord John Russell's Whig government in early 1852, the Conservative leader Lord Derby formed a government. The Conservatives had been weakened by the defection of the Peelites, and many of the new Cabinet ministers were men of little experience. The government became known as the "Who? Who?" Ministry after Wellington's comments, due to the lack of prominence of its ministers. The government was in a significant minority, and lasted less than a year, collapsing in December. The Whigs and Peelites then formed a coalition government under the Peelite leader Lord Aberdeen.

Though the government had little impact, it attracted derision through its plethora of new political names, which demonstrated the relative inexperience of the party. Only four members of the Cabinet (Derby himself, St Leonards, Lonsdale, and Herries) were existing Privy Councillors and many others were complete political unknowns.

List of ministers
Cabinet members are listed in bold face.

title: Who? Who? ministry


text:
Operation Save America

Operation Save America (formerly Operation Rescue National) is a fundamentalist Christian conservative organization based in Concord, North Carolina, a suburb of Charlotte, that opposes human induced abortion and its legality, Islam, and homosexuality. In 1994, Flip Benham became the director of the organization, then called Operation Rescue National. Benham replaced Keith Tucci, who had replaced Randall Terry. Terry, Tucci and Benham have all been convicted of crimes related to their protest activities. Rusty Thomas became the national director after Flip Benham stepped down.

Name dispute
In the late 1990s, Benham abandoned the name of Operation Rescue, and changed the name of his organization to Operation Save America. Once Newman's organization (the former Operation Rescue West or California Operation Rescue) began to grow in prominence and use the name Operation Rescue, Benham also began using the name Operation Rescue. After a feud with Newman, and after Benham was named in a lawsuit from the United States Department of Justice, Benham officially changed the name of Operation Rescue National to Operation Save America. Meanwhile, Benham broadened the scope of Operation Save America to include criticism of homosexuality, pornography, and Islam, and formed alliances with other Christian conservative groups and the Constitution Party. In 2002, Benham moved Operation Save America's headquarters from their longtime home in Dallas, Texas to Concord. In 2014 Operation Save America's new director Rev. Rusty Thomas moved the headquarters back to Dallas, Texas.

Activities
Operation Save America conducts mass protests at abortion clinics to promote an anti-abortion cause. Operation Save America has mobilized its members for other causes common to the Christian right, for example, opposition to Gay-Straight Alliances in public schools. At South Rowan High School, near Charlotte, when a Gay-Straight Alliance was forming at that school in 2006, Operation Save America arranged to have some 700 people to show up at the school board meeting and get the board to ban the club from the school.

They have also been involved in burning the Islamic holy text, the Qur'an, despite the opposition of most of the Muslim community to the practice of abortion. Their actions have been described as "an affront to Islam, all people of faith, and to our society as a whole... not Christian [and] not American" by the Mississippi Religious Leadership Conference.

On July 12, 2007, three members of the organization (Ante and Kathy Pavkovic, and their daughter Kristen) were arrested after they tried to shout down a Hindu clergyman as he offered the traditional morning prayer on the US Senate floor. The protest was denounced by Barry W. Lynn, executive director of Americans United for Separation of Church and State.

On July 20, 2014, members of the organization interrupted a worship service at the First Unitarian Universalist Church of New Orleans. During a moment of silence for a member of the church who had died in the previous week, OSA member Deanna Waller began to speak about "abominations". Rev. Deanna Vandiver, a guest pastor who was leading the service, asked Waller and the other OSA members either to remain and be respectful of the service or to depart; church members escorted Waller and the more vocal OSA protestors out of the service, while others remained until the service was over, and attempted to engage church members during the coffee hour. Vandiver described the intrusion as "religious terrorism"; on its website, OSA described their action as presenting "the truth of the Gospel in this synagogue of Satan."

On July 21, 2017, concern was expressed by national and local leaders over plans for rallies and protests starting Saturday, July 22, 2017.

On August 2, 2022, a Tennessee federal judge issued a restraining order against the organization after several of their members were arrested during protests at clinics in Nashville, Tennessee and Mt. Juliet in late July.

title: Operation Save America


text:
List of members of the European Parliament for Italy, 2004–2009

This is a list of the 78 members of the European Parliament for Italy in the 2004 to 2009 session.

The names in dark blue are MEPs that had already been elected in the European Parliament.


text:
Jacqueline Courtney

Jacqueline Courtney (born Sharon Courtney; September 24, 1946 – December 20, 2010) was an American actress best known for her work on daytime soap operas.

Courtney's initial appearance on television came in 1951 when she performed on WAAT in Newark.

After short stints on The Edge of Night and Our Five Daughters, Courtney became famous for her role as Alice Matthews Frame on Another World; she played the role from the show's debut in May 1964 until July 1975. It was during the late 1960s that the Alice/Steve/Rachel triangle became one of the hottest storylines on daytime, pairing her with George Reinholt as the charismatic Steve Frame, and setting her in a rivalry with "bad girl" Rachel Davis, played at the time by Robin Strasser and later by Victoria Wyndham.

In 1975, Courtney and Reinholt were fired, allegedly for "storyline purposes." Head writer Harding Lemay wrote in his memoir, Eight Years in Another World, that Courtney was fired because she was a bad actress who refused to learn lines as written, although she had huge popularity with the soap audience. After being dismissed by producer Paul Rauch, Courtney went on to play Pat Ashley on ABC's One Life to Live, where she was reunited with George Reinholt, playing Tony Lord. In 1979, just as Courtney was involved in a storyline involving a psychotic twin sister, Maggie, Robin Strasser joined the cast as Dorian Lord. Courtney remained on the show until September 1983, when the network fired her just before bringing Paul Rauch in as producer.

Courtney reconciled her differences with Another World and started back on the show as Alice on the 20th anniversary show in May 1984. She played the role until the next year when she was let go due to lack of story for the character. In 1989 she returned for the show's 25th anniversary and for Mackenzie Cory's funeral. After a small role as madame Diane Winston on Loving in 1987, Courtney retired from acting, though she appeared, alongside Reinholt, on the TV special 50 Years of Soaps: An All-Star Celebration in 1994.

Courtney died on December 20, 2010, aged 64, from metastatic melanoma.

In 1973, Courtney received Best Actress, Single Performance, recognition in The First Annual Afternoon TV Writers And Editors Awards.

Television

 * The Edge of Night (Kitty DeMarco) [1958]
 * The Edge of Night (Viola Smith) [1961]
 * Our Five Daughters (Ann Lee) [1962]
 * This Is the Life episode "Karen's Fears" [1962]
 * Route 66 episode "Same Picture, Different Frame" [1963]
 * The Doctors [1963]
 * Route 66 episode "Follow the White Dove with the Broken Wing" [1964]
 * Another World (Alice Matthews Frame) [1964–1975, 1984–1985, 1989]
 * One Life to Live (Patricia Kendall) [1975–1983]
 * Loving (Diane Winston) [1987–1988]

title: Jacqueline Courtney


text:
Talk:Glossary of Nazi Germany

[Untitled]
After this project i feel like I speak german.WHEELER 17:52, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I changed some definitions which were obviously incorrect and fixed some typing errors. There are still some entries which appearance on this list is quite questionable. Kommando, U-Bahn and Ersatz are only the most outrageous examples. kaeng 08:22, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Is there a reason why some German words aren't italicised? Phlebas 20:21, 6 Apr 2005 (UTC)

2007-02-6 Automated pywikipediabot message
--CopyToWiktionaryBot 23:35, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Grammar note
Under the entry for "Drittes Reich", it is claimed that the book title from which the name is derived is "Das drittes Reich". This is not proper German. "Drittes Reich", "das dritte Reich", or even "ein drittes Reich" are grammatically acceptable. Adjective endings are perhaps the most difficult aspect of German for speakers of English. samwaltz 12:17, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Recommend: use of the template for internal cross-references
Currently, while entries here are quite properly wiki-linked to the appropriate articles, we are doing the same with internal cross-references of the "see" and "see also" sort. This isn't good glossary/indexing practice, "Iron Cross - see Eiserne Kreuz" should link to the glossary entry on this page for Eiserne Kreuz, not the article page.

This is easily accomplished by using the anchor tag, where by inserting the (nonprinting) text, one can then link to that line from anywhere else on the page with a normal pipe-link blahblah

For example, I've edited the entry Eiserne Kreuz to read"*Eiserne Kreuz, Iron Cross - Originally a... (etc)" and the entry Iron Cross to read "*Iron Cross - see Eiserne Kreuz" which created a working cross-reference link.

I invite all the editors who've been working on this page to take a moment to do one or two cross-references like this; if we all do, the job will be done in jig time. --Solicitr (talk) 15:27, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

 * good tip. thanks! Cramyourspam (talk) 06:51, 23 August 2011 (UTC)

Related topics - punk, black metal
I'm curious if these two links are needed in the infobox:
 * Nazi punk
 * National Socialist black metal

They seem off-topic. K.e.coffman (talk) 19:19, 11 December 2015 (UTC)

 * I will go ahead and remove. K.e.coffman (talk) 02:23, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
 * This appears to be part of the infobox, which is not editable from this page. I've asked about this on the Nazism talk page. K.e.coffman (talk) 02:30, 15 December 2015 (UTC)

Meaning of "Gemeinnutz geht vor Eigennutz"
Currently, the phrase is translated as "The common good before the private good".

I know a bit of Dutch and "eigen" would correspond with the idea of own/self. There is a significant difference in meaning between that and private.

Here is a link to Wiktionary. What do you think?

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eigen

--JamesPoulson (talk) 06:32, 16 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Verbatim German to English would be "common use before one's own use" or even "common good comes before self". Neither of these have clear English equivalents. Proper translation is not about the exact conversion of words but retaining meaning. For instance, the German expression "Gesundheit" which is used after someone sneezes is not translated literally into "health" but God Bless You. The translation of the statement in question is therefore accurately converted in terms of retaining an English equivalent meaning. (Just FYI, I grew up speaking both German and English).--Obenritter (talk) 16:32, 16 January 2016 (UTC)

 * Well, there is Spock's phrase "the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few", although the movie has its own context.

 * Anyway, this is actually about a proper translation.

 * Context and semantics may be applicable to the German expression. After all, "common good" might have been synonymous with the nation at the time.

 * Also, as an example of etymology Mussolini did not use the word corporatism as we do today.

 * Since you are fluent in both lingos do you actually find the semantics of the following are the same given today's political landscape?

 * "The common good before the private good" (government vs the private sector?)
 * "The common good comes before self" (communism vs liberalism?)
 * "The good of the people before the good of oneself" (populism vs individualism?)

 * As you've understood I have an interest in political philosophy and would like to find out what the political landscape was like before the war. --JamesPoulson (talk) 03:30, 1 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Hi James. My son would actually be better versed to answer the political philosophy question as that is his area of doctoral study. As a European historian, I'd strongly recommend the works of George Mosse as a foundation for the intellectual history of Europe (philosophy obviously correlates to this subject). His work, The Culture of Western Europe is the book I have in mind specifically. Not sure if there is a French or German translation of this book, but you'll find it very enlightening. []   Hope that helps.

 * In terms of semantics and the modern political environment, everything is becoming an issue of manipulating language. I think of all the euphemisms the Nazi used for killing as an example and the myriad ways politicians now try to temper taxation using innocuous sounding language --- which for those of us astute enough to see through their ambiguous rambling means, lots of BS and little substance.--Obenritter (talk) 20:25, 1 July 2016 (UTC)

Disruptive editing
This is not a "Nazi" term. It's a jewish term of victimization and has no place in a list of German words. — Preceding unsigned comment added by The apostolica (talk • contribs) 06:09, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

 * While this was not a term used by the Nazi regime, it was something that the Nazi regime implemented. So I believe it's appropriate to include it in this article. I made an adjustment with this edit to tie the two terms together. I hope this clarifies. K.e.coffman (talk) 06:20, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

"unknown to the Nazis." This jew term has no place on a German glossary. The apostolica (talk) 06:34, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Holocaust – post-war term (unknown to the Nazis)

 * In case you did not know, the language you've used here and in the edit summaries is racist. Please reconsider making additional posts of this nature. K.e.coffman (talk) 06:35, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

The jew term "holocaust" isn't German and has no place in a German glossary. Facts aren't racist. Since no one here has rebutted this simple fact, I'll remove the section from the glossary.The apostolica (talk) 02:34, 27 June 2016 (UTC)

For community information: user warnings following the disruptive editing on 11 June 2016. K.e.coffman (talk) 18:27, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Note: He has now been correctly blocked indefinitely. Kierzek (talk) 02:41, 2 July 2016 (UTC)

Holocaust / Final solution
In reality the term Holocaust was already used for the massacres of Jews that ensued the coronation of Richard I of England in 1189 (see here and here). Nevertheless modern use restarted only after the end of WWII. What has been written under "Holocaust" I would prefer to read under "Endlösung", which in the meantime I started to clean up and readjust in view of this move. But now other ways of thinking seem to appear. Carlotm (talk) 07:27, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

 * "Other ways of thinking seem to appear" -- could you clarify? K.e.coffman (talk) 08:25, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
 * It seems that you prefer to stick to the "Holocaust" term. And that is fine to me, although not fully in line with the page's title, which is why I wrote that "I would prefer to ...". Carlotm (talk) 10:04, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

 * The problem with the term Endlösung is that this expression was specifically applied towards Jews and not the other enemies of the Reich. Holocaust is a modern term (which is stated) and the glossary is not just about German words identified as being associated with the Nazis; there are additional terms related to Nazi Germany in here. Holocaust is widely employed these days and primarily connected with Nazi Germany which is why it should remain.--Obenritter (talk) 16:22, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

 * I've made an adjustment to the intro words. Does this help clarify? K.e.coffman (talk) 18:32, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Obenritter, I share your point of view, in principle, because, in reality, many tools and ways of acting which the Germans devised for the annihilation of Jews were used profusely also against all the other groups of enemies so much so that the voice "Endlösung" is explained as "a Nazi euphemism for what later became known as the Holocaust"; and that is why I envisage an "Endlösung" voice with all the contents currently exposed in "Holocaust". Anyway I am fine also with the status quo. Carlotm (talk) 18:48, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
 * No worries Carlotm. The changes made by K.e.coffman to the article's description make the categorical usage fit. The interloping user who made the original deletion behaved in a manner which suggested he had Neo-Nazi proclivities (and an accompanying agenda) and was less interested in academic exchange and encyclopedic integrity; hence the immediate revert edit from me and from the ever vigilant K.e.coffman. If you think the term Endlösung requires additional expansion in the glossary, go ahead and elucidate further. --Obenritter (talk) 19:19, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Agreed. K.e.coffman (talk) 20:21, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
 * It should be kept in and you gentlemen have handled the situation well. The "interloper" editor is of the type who should be reverted straight-away. Kierzek (talk) 20:57, 12 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks . Herr should be commended for following so quickly in providing an immediate solution, in that, he immediately adjusted the articles description.--Obenritter (talk) 22:15, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

Resttschechei: failed verification of gloss
An anonymous IP has glossed Resttschechei as "remnants of Czechia"; however, this gloss does not appear in either of the sources currently cited. The URL citation "http://www.jpress.nli.org.il/..." (a search engine result, not a source per se) contains only the term Czechia in isolation but does not gloss Resttschechei and therefore fails verification. The cited RFE/RL source contains the gloss "remnants of the Czech lands". Doremo (talk) 13:17, 15 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Rest = remnants, Tschechei = Czechia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.168.13.98 (talk) 13:22, 15 July 2016 (UTC)
 * The burden is on the one who wishes to make the change and thus far 62.168.13.98 has not showed convincing evidence it should be done, per RS sources to verify their position. Kierzek (talk) 15:28, 15 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Resttschechei - The rest of Czechoslovakia. Hitler’s term for what remained of Czechoslovakia after the annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938. This is the definition provided by perhaps the single most authoritative collection of Nazi terms.--Obenritter (talk) 00:44, 16 July 2016 (UTC)

More "nazi" terminology

 * Resttschechei - r. of Czechia
 * Restpolen - r. of Poland, http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14334917.html
 * Restslowakei - r. of Slowakia, http://www.zeit.de/1989/24/als-das-ioc-die-unschuld-verlor
 * Restbelgien - r. of Belgium, https://books.google.cz/books?id=aHkKBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=%22Restbelgien%22&source=bl&ots=2BBPD6DGjL&sig=FUcJSuDuk8zuOZ8GaRfnpJIUeUc&hl=cs&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiporSbyvjNAhXGrxoKHfvjCBsQ6AEIJDAA#v=onepage&q=%22Restbelgien%22&f=false — Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.168.13.98 (talk) 18:11, 16 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Restdeutschland - r. of Germany, http://www.sueddeutsche.de/bayern/wunsch-nach-abspaltung-bayern-die-neue-grossmacht-1.2126585
 * Restösterreich - r. of Austria, http://diepresse.com/home/meinung/kommentare/587759/Vertirolern-wir-doch-Restosterreich

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Glossary of Nazi Germany. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101218165741/http://www.museumofworldwarii.com/Images2005/02DeutschlandErwachelge.gif to http://www.museumofworldwarii.com/Images2005/02DeutschlandErwachelge.gif
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070429200821/http://www.ridm.qc.ca/film.f/l/languenementpasla.html to http://www.ridm.qc.ca/film.f/l/languenementpasla.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:44, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

Offtopic pop-culture references
"and in Philip K. Dick's book[18] and its eponymous television adaptation, The Man in the High Castle.[19]" this reference is completely unnecessary, as it refers to post-war literature or 21st century film. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:110F:1042:2B00:C0AB:9B18:B8E4:418B (talk) 22:15, 17 February 2020 (UTC)

Post-war phrases
The Glossary contains mostly Nazi German words and phrases.
 * 'Righteous Gentiles' is English and has been coined after the war. 'The secular award (discussed below)' - 'below'? Xx236 (talk) 14:09, 23 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Similalrly 'Genccide' should be included.Xx236 (talk) 09:55, 24 March 2021 (UTC)
 * RaubkunstXx236 (talk) 09:57, 25 March 2021 (UTC)

Nazibonze
https://www.dwds.de/wb/Nazibonze Xx236 (talk) 14:18, 23 March 2021 (UTC) 'Verbonzung der Partei' Xx236 (talk) 14:20, 23 March 2021 (UTC)

Burschenschaft
'Burschenschaft' remains unlinked to Burschenschaft, which is quite general.Xx236 (talk) 14:23, 23 March 2021 (UTC)

Rassenwahn
The word may have two meanings, here unsourced and undefined.Xx236 (talk) 14:27, 23 March 2021 (UTC)

Rechschreibreform
https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/rechtschreibreform-und-nationalsozialismus-ein-kapitel-aus.700.de.html?dram:article_id=80161 Xx236 (talk) 14:30, 23 March 2021 (UTC)

wrong
'buildings or homes owned by Jews which were subject to confiscation by force at the will of ethnic Germans in appropriate authority.' - Jewish houses were kind of a ghetto.Xx236 (talk) 11:48, 25 March 2021 (UTC)

'Gaufachberater' is a person
Wrong – 'NSDAP agricultural conventions; first one held on February 8, 1931. They held Bauernkundgebungen (farmer's rallies).'Xx236 (talk) 12:06, 25 March 2021 (UTC)

coffee made from roasted acorns
Unsourced. Some 'coffees' were produced by the industry, some at home. Xx236 (talk) 13:29, 25 March 2021 (UTC)

Arbeit macht frei

 * Unsourced 'old'. Published by Heinrich Beta in 1845.
 * First used in Dachau.Xx236 (talk) 14:06, 25 March 2021 (UTC)

Menschenmaterial
https://www.zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de/sprache-unterm-hakenkreuz/ Xx236 (talk) 08:20, 26 March 2021 (UTC)

Anbauschlacht
Sources conform Swiss usage. Was the word used in azi Germany?Xx236 (talk) 08:30, 26 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes, it was a Nazi slang term for a "building campaign" and is found in the Doerr's work, Nazi Deutsch.--Obenritter (talk) 21:45, 26 March 2021 (UTC)

Feind hört mit!
It was rather Vorsicht. Achtung was a film poster, wasn't it?Xx236 (talk) 12:01, 6 April 2021 (UTC)

Luther-Deutsche ?
Google does not confirm. German Wikipedia mentions 'Lutherdeutsche'. Xx236 (talk) 11:38, 9 April 2021 (UTC)

"Denn heute gehört uns Deutschland / und morgen die ganze Welt"
This is from HJ song, later 'da hört'. Glossary lists another version under H. Xx236 (talk) 11:58, 9 April 2021 (UTC)

Nazi
Can I ask why we have to use this nickname all the time? Their proper name was National Socialist. We don't refer to Communists as "Commies" in formal settings, or nationalists as "nats". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A01:4C8:1C00:FA9E:BD3C:C4C0:E21:1BFC (talk) 10:33, 7 March 2022 (UTC)

amtsleiter
i see that this German word for something like "head of office" is written off as a purely Nazi word that even has its own article. i dont know how old this word is, but it is still in use today, as what it is and means. there is no known Nazi connotation for this word that is known to me. 84.215.194.30 (talk) 20:40, 5 April 2023 (UTC)

Theresienstadt (CZ)
Theresienstadt (Terezin) has never been a "concentration camp". Main fortess (the city of Terezin self) served as a Jewish ghetto, Small fortress served as a Gestapo prison, mainly for political prisoners.The term "concentration camp Theresienstadt" is historically incorrect. 80.95.106.247 (talk) 12:56, 24 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Glossary of Nazi Germany


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Iterator interface

 * Delete - This is a copy of the Java API documentation: 1) I believe they are copyright Sun 2) This documentation has no place on Wikipedia. --Costyn 17:53, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * On the nosey. It's a copyvio.  I've posted it on the copyright violations page. - Lucky 6.9 17:57, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text:
List of members of the European Parliament for Latvia, 2004–2009

This is the list of the 9 members of the European Parliament for Latvia in the 2004 to 2009 session.


text:
Tom Macan

Thomas Townley Macan (born 14 November 1946) was Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the British Virgin Islands, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean Sea, from 14 October 2004 to 10 April 2006. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and the University of Sussex.

On the advice of the British government, he was appointed by Queen Elizabeth II to represent the Queen in the territory and to act as the de facto head of state.

title: Tom Macan


text:
User talk:RodAminian

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text
 * IRC channel
 * Mailing lists
 * Current polls

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 17:54, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Wbauthor.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Wbauthor.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Admrb♉ltz (T | C) 00:14, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Anamariecox.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Anamariecox.jpg. The image page currently doesn't specify who created the image, so the copyright status is therefore unclear. If you have not created the image yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the image on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the image yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the image also doesn't have a copyright tag then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture then you can use GFDL to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the image qualifies as fair use, please read fair use, and then use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other images, please check that you have specified their source and copyright tagged them, too. You can find a list of image pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any unsourced and untagged images will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. -- Carnildo 09:54, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:RodAminian


text:
List of members of the European Parliament for Lithuania, 2004–2009

This is a list of the 13 members of the European Parliament for Lithuania in the 2004 to 2009 session.


text:
List of members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg, 2004–2009

This is a list of the 6 members of the European Parliament for Luxembourg in the 2004 to 2009 session.


text:
Drentse Patrijshond

The Drentsche Patrijshond is a versatile spaniel-type hunting dog from the Dutch province of Drenthe. Called the Dutch Partridge Dog (or "Drent" for Drenthe) in English, approximately 5,000 dogs are registered with the breed club in the Netherlands, and breed clubs operate in Belgium, Denmark, Scandinavia and North America. The Drentsche Patrijshond bears some resemblance to both spaniel and setter types of dog. An excellent pointer and retriever, this dog is often used to hunt fowl and adapts equally well to the field or marshes.

Appearance
Valid color is white with brown or orange markings. Mostly white with large brown plates (spots). There is usually one plate that covers the backside above the tail. A mantle (large marking across the back) is permissible, but generally less desired. The coat is medium long, with feathers on the leg and longer hair on the front of the chest, giving the impression of a longer-haired coat. The Drentsche Patrijshond is 55 to 63 cm (22 to 25 in). at the withers. The breed weighs 48-73 pounds on average.

History
The origins of the Drentsche Patrijshond are in the 16th century, from the Spioenen (or Spanjoelen) which came to the Netherlands through France from Spain, and is related to the Small Münsterländer of Germany and the Epagneul Français of France. In the Netherlands, these dogs were called partridge dogs.

The presence of the partridge dogs had been visible for centuries, as in the 17th-century painting The Hunter's Present, c. 1658–60, by Gabriel Metsu. In the painting, the partridge dog leans against the hunter's knee, as the man is handing a woman a partridge, which was a double entendre at the time. The dog in The Hunter's Present is a very large, stocky dog that could possibly pull a cart; showing the range of the early type, a much smaller, lighter dog of the same type is shown in another painting by the same artist, The Poultry seller, 1662. This painting also involves a woman being offered a bird, regarded with suspicion by her dog.

Before formal recognition as a breed in 1943, the type had been kept separate from other dogs as an undocumented breed for centuries in the rural province of Drenthe. As the Drentsche Patrijshond is a breed developed in the Netherlands, the breed standard was first developed and approved in 1943 by the Raad van Beheer op Kynologisch Gebied (Dutch Kennel Club), the Fédération Cynologique Internationale national kennel club for the Netherlands. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognised the breed using the standard developed by the breed's country of origin as the standard to be used in international competition. The United Kennel Club in the United States also recognises the breed using the outdated (February 1994) Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard.

In November 2010, the Drentsche Patrijshond was added to the AKC Foundation Stock Service Program, allowing owners of registered Drents to participate in AKC sanctioned events such as hunt tests and agility competitions, starting in 2011.

Use
The province of Drenthe 300 years ago was unusual, in that it allowed the common gentry the right to hunt. The local mayor, the farmer, and landowners in general developed dogs to support their pursuit of various small game. Unlike many other hunting breeds, which were developed by, and for, the elite or nobility only to hunt, the Drentsche Patrijshond was expected to hunt all game, and also pull duty as watch dog, child playmate, etc. Some were even used to pull the dog-carts of the day. For over 300 years, the Drentsche Patrijshond type has been an all-around dog.

Perfectly suited to the walk-up (upland) hunter, the Drent is thorough, in order to find all the game on the smaller plots available in Drenthe. It hunts with good speed, within reach of the gun. As with most European versatile breeds, the Drentsche Patrijshond points and retrieves, and will hunt both birds and small mammals, including rabbit, hare and fox. Today, the Drent is a favorite gun dog throughout its native country of the Netherlands, with approximately 5,000 dogs registered with the breed club.

Health
Breed health concerns may include progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and hereditary stomatocytosis.

Temperament
Though the breed shows a strong hunting instinct in the field, and can be quite driven, these dogs tend to be more relaxed in the home than many of the hunting breeds. They are strongly attached to family members, loyal, and of sweet disposition, particularly with children.

Exercise
Happiest when working alongside a hunter, the Drent enjoys the company of humans in the great outdoors. Several brisk turns around the park will satisfy it as well. Although it will come home and quietly assume its position on its bed, it should not be mistaken for a sedentary dog - the breed will suffer if insufficiently exercised.

title: Drentse Patrijshond


text:
Ivan De Battista

Ivan De Battista (born 13 September 1977) is a Maltese actor, director, author, and poet/lyricist.

title: Ivan De Battista


text:
List of members of the European Parliament for Malta, 2004–2009

This is a list of the 5 members of the European Parliament for Malta in the 2004 to 2009 session.


text:
Cessna 140

The Cessna 120, 140, and 140A, are single-engine, two-seat, conventional landing gear (tailwheel), light general aviation aircraft that were first produced in 1946, immediately following the end of World War II. Production ended in 1951, and was succeeded in 1959 by the Cessna 150, a similar two-seat trainer which introduced tricycle gear. Combined production of the 120, 140, and 140A was 7,664 units in five years.

Cessna 140
The Cessna 140 was originally equipped with a Continental C-85-12 or C-85-12F horizontally opposed, air-cooled, four-cylinder piston engine of 85 hp. The Continental C-90-12F or C-90-14F of 90 hp was optional, as was the 108 hp Lycoming O-235-C1 engine, an aftermarket installation authorized in the type certificate. This model had a metal fuselage and fabric wings with metal control surfaces. The larger Cessna 170 was a four-seat 140 with a more powerful engine.

Cessna 120
The Cessna 120 was an economy version of the 140 produced at the same time. It had the same engine as the 140, but lacked wing flaps. The rear-cabin "D" side windows and electrical system (radios, lights, battery and starter) were optional. A 120 outfitted with every factory option would be nearly equivalent to a 140, but the International Cessna 120/140 Association believes that no 120s were originally built this way. Despite this, many decades' worth of owner-added options have rendered many 120s almost indistinguishable from a 140 aside from the absence of wing flaps. The 120 was dropped from production upon introduction of the 140A in 1949.

Cessna 140A
In 1949, Cessna introduced the 140A, a new variant with aluminum-covered wings and single wing struts instead of the fabric wing covering, dual "V" struts, and jury struts fitted on earlier models. Standard engines were the Continental C-90-12F or C-90-14F of 90 hp, with the 85 hp Continental C-85-12, C-85-12F, or C-85-14F engines optional. The spring-steel gear had been swept 3 in forward on 120 and 140 models in late 1947 so landing gear extenders were no longer necessary to counter nose-over tendencies during heavy application of brakes; all 140A models had the improved gear legs. Despite these improvements, sales of the 140 lineup faltered, and the 140A comprised only seven percent of overall 120/140 production.

Modifications
Common modifications to the Cessna 120 and 140 include:

 * "Metalized" wings, where the fabric is replaced with light-gauge sheet aluminum, eliminating the need to periodically replace the wing fabric.
 * The installation of landing gear extenders to reduce the tendency of the aircraft to nose over on application of heavy braking. These were factory-optional equipment.
 * Installation of rear-cabin "D" side windows on 120s that were not originally so equipped.
 * Installation of electrical systems on 120s that were not originally so equipped, allowing owners to install an electric starter, more sophisticated avionics and/or lights for night flying.
 * Installation of a more powerful engine. A popular conversion today is to replace the original C-85 or C-90 with a 100 hp (75 kW) Continental O-200. A kit is available to install a Lycoming O-320 but this conversion is less prevalent due to a roughly 100 lb (45 kg) weight penalty and a sharp increase in fuel consumption.

Military

 * Guatemalan Air Force
 * Nicaraguan Air Force
 * Nicaraguan Air Force
 * Nicaraguan Air Force

title: Cessna 140