text:
Talk:Annual percentage rate

Statutory EU formula - minor point
Would it not be better to use a different letter to represent the powers on the two side of this equation? For example, if the first advance occurs on a different date from the first repayment, then t1 takes on a different meaning on the lhs than on the rhs. Should one or other be changed to T or t', or something? —62.77.181.1 (talk) 12:41, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

Also, I suggest removing the assertion at the end of the list of terms below the formula that t1=0, which is often not the case. —62.77.181.1 (talk) 12:44, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

 * No, it should not have a different letter. tn must be identical on both sides for any instances where tk  and tl represent the same date.  If the dates of advance and repayment are different, you are merely saying that at that point, k ≠ l. ''t1 always equals zero by definition.  Interest does not start until some cash flow occurs.  Rossami (talk) 14:58, 7 May 2008 (UTC)
 * But your assertion does not make sense in the normal meaning of subscripted terms in mathematics. t2 on the left hand side refers to the date of the second advance; t2 on the right hand side refers to the date of the second repayment. Therefore it is clearly possible for t2 to be representing two different numbers in the same equation.  Take the example of a regular loan consisting of a single advance being repayed with three equal annual instalments, the first repayment being made one year after the advance.  In this case, you have t1 = 0 on the left hand side, and on the right hand side you have t1=1, t2=2 and t3=3. You're clearly then using t1 to represent two different things. On my second point, the EU directive defines the zero date for calculations as the date of the first advance. And, since this is not necessarily the same date as the date of the first repayment,  t1 as used on the left hand side is always 0 by definition, but t1 as used on the right hand side is not. If one were to use, say, Tk instead of tk on the right hand side, then the ambiguities would disappear, and one could then legitimately retain the assertion that tl=0.  —62.77.181.1 (talk) 14:22, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

 * That's the point. k=2 and l=2 may represent different dates but they're both on the same timeline, t.  The normal mathematical convention is to use the same variable with the two different subscripts. On your second point, you are missing the fact that this calculation can be run in either direction.  The APR calculation works the same whether you are calculating a standard loan (where the first advance would be before the first payment) or calculating in annuity with balloon payments (where you might well make payments before receiving a payout).  Rossami (talk) 14:55, 8 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I understand the calculations completely. I am unable to accept your assertion that a notation than leads to, for example, t2 taking on two different values in the same equation is "The normal mathematical convention" and am unable to find examples of this in a reputable source in any other context than in this formula. I stand by my position on this matter.  I also stand by my position that, if t1 is allowed to represent the date of the first repayment, then it is incorrect to assert that t1 always equals 0. I understand the different contexts in which the formula can be used, and perfectly comfortable with the possibity of negative values for tk on the right-hand side. I merely pointed out that the EU directive defined time=0 to be the date of the first advance. Anyway, I leave the matter to rest and will not attempt to edit the main page. You are clearly knowledgable about this topic; if I have failed to convince you and the other major contributors to this article of the merits of the points I raised, then I'm happy to just let it go. (I believe this to be a technical inaccuracy in any case and don't believe that it will lead anyone who actually uses the formula astray, since they will know what was intended anyway.) [Comment from 2008]

 * The formula used by the EU standard was actually amended to fix this issue in 2008/48/EC. (Strangely enough, the document is dated just two weeks before the comments above were added, now 11 years ago!) The updated formula now correctly uses different symbols for each side of the equation so that, for example, t3 represents the time of the 3rd drawdown, and  s3 represents the time of the 3rd repayment. I agree with the original comment regarding the ambiguity and confusion from the old formula using t3 to refer both to the time of the third drawdown and the time of the third repayment. It is even more curious when you consider index one: the old formula used t1 to refer both to the first drawdown time (by definition, zero) and the first repayment time (possibly non-zero, either positive or negative). Using a symbol for multiple meanings, especially within a single formula, is certainly not typical in typesetting conventions used in most fields of pure or applied mathematics, engineering or physics, and I presume not accounting/economics. Even in, for example, tensor notion used in relativity the use of different subscripts on a common symbol might represent different bases or coordinate systems, but the parent symbol (t) would still represent a single quantity (e.g. the coordinate independent quantity). Yet in the original EU formula from 1999 the symbol t was being used both for the drawdown time series (a vector, roughly speaking) as well as the repayment time series (a vector of different length). 82.22.66.201 (talk) 00:07, 31 October 2019 (UTC)

Tags
I've tagged this article with refimprove and confusing. The former tag is because the entire article is basically OR; there's only one reference given. All of the calculations, formulas, and so on are entirely unsourced. The confusing tag was added because I find the text of the page rather jumbled. To someone with little or no experience working with finance math, this article is obtuse. —  Hello Annyong  (say whaaat?!) 23:12, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

I agree. I've tackled the second section. I haven't added new references yet; I just reorganized what was there. Mebden (talk) 11:36, 12 July 2009 (UTC)

Effective interest rate, APR and APY
What is the relationship between effective interest rate, annual percentage rate and annual percentage yield? Finnancier (talk) 11:48, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Mathematics#Annual_Percentage_Rate Sentriclecub (talk) 17:12, 15 September 2008 (UTC)

 * APR = (Per-period rate) X (Periods per year)
 * EAR = $$e^{APR}-1\,$$
 * APR = $$ln ( 1 + EPR ) \,$$
 * I'm going to look more into all this for you, and will have a full report back in an hour--it looks as though neither the APR nor EAR are independent of the number of compounding periods. The best way to interpret interest rates is with calculus.  It appears that the APR and EAR are dependent on the number of periods per year, which bothers me.  I'll re-read everything, and will also consult my HP-10Bii user manual, 2 feet away from me at all times.  While you are waiting, check out Khan academy on youtube, this guy is a bona fide expert.  The finance videos he has produced are wonderful. Sentriclecub (talk) 13:35, 15 September 2008 (UTC)

Disputed section
The following paragraph was added at the top of the Does not represent the total cost of borrowing subsection back in July. I do not think that it is appropriate in the encyclopedia for two reasons. I am removing the paragraph from the page pending discussion here. Rossami (talk) 23:31, 27 August 2008 (UTC) "APR used for mortgages lacks several factors such as length of time the borrower intends to have the loan and lender rebates that a lender may receive and not pass on to a borrower by selling a borrower a higher interest rate than they qualify for. Lender Police Effective Annual Rate accounts for these factors and gives the borrower a true account of the rate of interest the mortgage borrower will be paying during the time the borrower plans to have the loan."
 * 1) The first sentence is factually incorrect.  Mortgages do account for the length of the loan.  And while an advertised APR can not account for an individual borrower's intent to prepay a loan, the basic calculations can be used by any borrower based on his/her own intent.  That is not a failing of the concept of APR.  Furthermore, lender rebates which are not passed on to the borrower have no bearing on the borrower's rates.  Money out is money out.  The rate they "qualify for" is irrelevant to the calculation of what they will pay.
 * 2) The second sentence comes across more as a spam link than as proper encyclopedic content.  The Lender Police article was properly speedy-deleted back in July for a failure to meet even the minimum standards of an assertion of notability.  All sources about this organization that I can find are self-published (their own website or republication of press releases, for example).  The algorithm described is also not independently sourcable that I can find.  It certainly doesn't seem to have attracted any attention beyond the company itself.

 * I was planning on removing that section too. See below... Sentriclecub (talk) 15:44, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Content Issues
I'm doing a clean-thru and over the next few weeks, will tackle a couple paragraphs at a time, and will delete unsourced stuff which is bad for the article (the stuff which I believe warrants the two tags at the top of the article that say this article may be confusing or unclear).

I have already tackled and finished everything above the Contents_Box. I plan to use a different formula than this one... $$p = \cfrac{P_0*r^{(n+1)}}{\sum_{l=1}^n r^l} $$ because its not the best one for APR, as it is not 100% relevant. There is a better equation which I plan to substitute.

The "Failings" dominates the article and is 50% of the article on my screen resolution. I'll condense it to 3 well written, clear paragraphs (I too believe strongly in the content, i'm not defending APR, I actually have an issue that APR depends on the number of periods e.g. daily, monthly, biyearly). Also i'll keep that table, as it makes some very good points.

I plan on making a section purely devoted to UK style APR, instead of merging the two articles (as they are now) and trying to make them explained every other sentence. They are so core different, that it's easier to explain the US version one time, then make a section on the UK version. (may sound unglobal, but you'll see it's one of the reasons why the article is bad, its like talking about the Tampa Bay bucaneers and the Tampa Bay Devil rays, all in the same article, one section at a time, and trying to make it "flow" well in style, which is impossible. Just because the UK APR and US APR differ by only one letter, they are about as dissimilar as the two different sports teams.

I plan on cutting down all stuff about other types of rates. Let them be explained on their own page (main article... template).

Style issues
Seems like many different editors took turns submitting paragraphs. Look at the top two paragraphs, how I idealized the style, and texture of the should-be article.

Length I think ideally the article should be much smaller than its current size.

 * "In the U.S., the calculation and disclosure of APR is governed by the Truth in Lending Act (also known as Regulation Z). In general, APR in the United States is expressed as the periodic interest rate times the number of compounding periods in a year (also known as the nominal interest rate); since the APR must include certain non-interest charges and fees, however, it requires more detailed calculation."

This section of the article does not belong at the bottom of the article, but rather towards the top or maybe I'll incorporate it into the intro. These are just after a 10 minute brainstorming. Ideally, I'm going to print the article, and use red-ink like marking up a poorly written essay by a classmate who procrastinated an assignment to write a wikipedia article and did it all the night before. Ideally guys and gals, I'm going to simulate that I'm on the tv show The Apprentice and I dont want to get fired, and my assignment is to fix this article. Collaborators, please drop me a note on my talk page (I work very slow, if left to do this alone) Sentriclecub (talk) 16:05, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Retrofit topic year headers/subpages
14-Nov-2008: I have added subheaders above as "Topics from 2004" (etc.) to emphasize the dates of topics in the talk-page. Older topics might still apply, but using the year headers helps to focus on more current issues as well. The topic-year boundaries were located by searching from bottom for the prior year#. Afterward, I dated/named unsigned comments & cut auto-signature comments. Then I added "Talk-page subpages" beside the TOC. -Wikid77 (talk) 13:44, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

Archived 2004 to mid-2006
14-Nov-2008: I have archived 7 older topics (49%) into new archive page "Talk:Annual percentage rate/Archive_prior_talk" listed under "Talk-page subpages" at top (near TOC). -Wikid77 (talk) 15:49, 14 November 2008 (UTC)

Added nominal APR & effective APR
14-Nov-2008: I am adding the main legal terms "nominal APR" and "effective APR" (used over 20 years in USA) into the article. I was very confused reading the article, due to lack of those 2 terms, which clearly separate nominal (simple-interest rate) from effective (compound-interest+fees), according to laws in the U.S. Without those terms, the article can seem very confusing for readers using USA meanings. -Wikid77 (talk) 15:48, 14 Nov 2008

Money factor
Due to its AfD resulting in a not-delete, I've merged money factor into this article. It's a very rudimentary merge (essentially a cut-and-paste, and some minor changes) so any help on cleaning up this section would be amazing. flaminglawyerc 01:51, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

Doesn't include negative points
My experience has been that if you offset costs with negative points, taking a higher interest rate, the APR still includes the standard closing costs even though those costs are being paid by the lender. One would expect that if I had no closing costs at all, the APR would be equal to the interest rate (absent prepaid interest for partial months, or the like), but I noticed that the difference between APR and interest rate was the same as between an interest rate at zero points and its APR. Ex. 3% rate, $2200 cost, 3.125 APR | 3.5% rate, $300 cost, 3.625 APR. Is this just another instance of how APR fails to compare rates correctly, and should that be included in the article (or is it already and I'm just not seeing it?) 99.186.225.51 (talk) 18:08, 9 January 2012 (UTC)

Math in Nominal APR Does not...
Just reading over this I am not sure if the math is accurate, unless it is an issue with windows calculator and trailing decimals. Using the 'common credit card quotes at 12.99% APR compounded monthly, the one year EAR is ((1 + 0.129949/12)^12) - 1, or 14.7975%. I get .1379750 or 13.7975%. Then for a 42.99% APR compounded daily, using the above formula replacing the changed values of ((1 + .429949/365)^365)-1 I get .53679 or 53.67%, a far cry from the 13.87% listed there and counter to it's original purpose of showing an increased APR % with different compounded period of having a higher 'true cost'. I don't believe the issue is with my calculator as I do come up with the same values for the 29.99% compounded monthly. ~Edit forgot to sign 65.51.196.34 (talk) 19:01, 15 February 2012 (UTC)2/15/2012 David — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.51.196.34 (talk) 18:57, 15 February 2012 (UTC)
 * It should all tie out now. About 2 weeks ago, anonymous user:87.41.193.88 vandalized the page, changing many of the numbers on this page.  The vandalism was overlooked until you asked your question.  Thank you for helping to keep Wikipedia honest.  Rossami (talk) 23:19, 15 February 2012 (UTC)

Dependance on loan period
I am having trouble wrapping my head around the statement:
 * If the consumer pays the loan off early, the effective interest rate achieved will be significantly higher than the APR initially calculated.

This seems like the inverse. If I have a loan for N periods, and I pay it off after only a single period, I only pay interest for one period. For example if we use the example in the picture at the top of the page; if I have a loan for $100, with $10 in fees and pay it off in a single month, you will pay the $100 loan amount, the $10 fee, and $5.50 in interest (5% of the balance). This leads to a payment of $115.50 or $15.50 more than the loan amount. Using the equation from the image, Effective APR = (interest + fees) / loanAmt ==> Effective APR = 15.50/100 = 0.155 = 15.5% which is much less then the 49% shown in the image. If the formula in the box is correct, than this make the statement about rate being higher being incorrect.

Overall this page feels poorly written, and contradictory and could use the help of an expert, or at least someone with a decent text book. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.252.14.13 (talk) 22:46, 27 February 2012 (UTC)
 * The 15.5% interest you calculated above is a monthly interest (since you are paying off the loan in a single month). To annualize that rate, you must multiply by 12 for an effective annual rate of 186%.  Rossami (talk) 02:27, 28 February 2012 (UTC)

Quality of this Article
I find the overall quality of this article on APR to be very low. The main issues are (1) it is predominately written from the perspective of US residential real estate lending, and this unnecessarily complicates the whole article and (2) it is just very porrly written.

It is possible, and it should be done, to define APR ignoring fees as just the annual simle interest rate. This is the way it is normally defined in basic finance textbooks. Then, if you want to include fees into the caculation then this should be done specifically in a discussion of how APR is caclualted for residential mortgages in the US, which also involves a discussion of the regulation. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.51.78.9 (talk) 16:55, 23 March 2012 (UTC)
 * No, it is not possible because APR is not the same as the annual simple interest rate. US residential real estate loans are one example but the concept applies to any loan with non-unitary duration and fees.  Having said that, if you think you can improve it, be bold and make some edits.  Rossami (talk) 20:54, 23 March 2012 (UTC)

 * You are right, 68.51.78.9. More work is needed. I renamed the "Failings" section which seems to speak about USA only (only that country is mentioned and none of that applies to EU) and moved it to the bottom together with the section on rate format which also seems to apply to some country only but who knows which. I also rearranged or removed some other confusing content and slightly updated the EU section. --Nemo 10:03, 28 September 2013 (UTC)

Separation of APR and APY
There is an article for annual percentage yield - equivalently, effective annual rate - which should be linked to in this article. Maybe, the two concepts APR and APY should be separated. The into is not clear. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.132.3.10 (talk) 02:23, 30 September 2012 (UTC)

The Loan Figure Payment is Incorrect
In the section "Multiple definitions of effective APR" there is the following example:

"For example, consider a $100 loan which must be repaid after one month, plus 5%, plus a $10 fee. If the fee is not considered, this loan has an effective APR of approximately 80% (1.0512 = 1.7959, which is approximately an 80% increase). If the $10 fee were considered, the monthly interest increases by 10% ($10/$100), and the effective APR becomes approximately 435% (1.1512 = 5.3503, which equals a 435% increase). Hence there are at least two possible "effective APRs": 80% and 435%. Laws vary as to whether fees must be included in APR calculations."

The math is not totally correct. If the $10 fee were considered as well, it would be 100 ( 1 + .05) ^ 12 which is about $179.59, minus the principal ($100), plus the $10 fee. So the amount paid would be about 89 dollars on top of the 100 borrowed. Therefore it would be 89% APR.

The statement "If the $10 fee were considered, the monthly interest increases by 10% ($10/$100), and the effective APR becomes approximately 435% (1.1512 = 5.3503, which equals a 435% increase)." is totally bogus and doesn't make any sense.

The figure is incorrect because it follows the example, so instead of 39 dollars of compound interest it should be 79 dollars + the 10 dollar loan fee. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:9:2A80:1BE:A409:F133:E0E1:F6BB (talk) 22:37, 17 April 2014 (UTC)

 * In the figure, the value of the loan starts decreasing after the first month, i.e. it is not $100 for the whole year. --Petteri Aimonen (talk) 08:07, 19 April 2014 (UTC)

Misleading Confusion
It is clear that this term - the Wikipedia article and the comments outrageously evidence it itself even more - is in fact more confusing, misleading and deceitful than minimally helpful, as it is in general everything related to finance and the financial services industry. This indeed should be object of study (and of attention to Wikipedia) as well as all the legal loopholes, which always benefit (and lag behind) the corporations doing lucrative business from it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.244.15.8 (talk) 13:50, 3 November 2014 (UTC)

Best APR on TV
Which is best for me as a borrower; APR 35.6%  APR 603%  APR 1264%  Papa.kirana@hotmail.com   82.43.161.235 (talk) 10:09, 21 April 2015 (UTC)  (82.43.161.235 (talk) 10:09, 21 April 2015 (UTC))

Wikidata
This article is linked to a Wikidata element with interwikis. Why does that have no effect on the article's page (no link to Wikidata, no interwikis)? --AVRS (talk) 08:37, 4 February 2016 (UTC)

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Alternate source for cited info?
In the section "Nominal APR dies not reflect...", the parenthetical note "(see ~credit card interest~ for the .000049 addition to the 12.99% APR)." doesn't actually explain anything, and the credit card interest page does not explain this percentage point discrepancy at all, as of today's date. Does anyone have an alternate, steady, source for this math? Trumblej1986 (talk) 19:01, 29 May 2019 (UTC)

Project loone
@Monica (my virtual assistant) 2600:6C40:6F0:A260:CDCE:7419:BB10:93FD (talk) 14:09, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Annual percentage rate


text:
Railway Guarantee Act (Province of Canada)

The Railway Guarantee Act was introduced in the Parliament of the Province of Canada by Finance Minister Francis Hincks, who was also the President of the Great Western Railway of Canada. The Act encountered little opposition during the course of its passage, despite the prevailing depression.

It empowered the Government to guarantee the interest on loans to be raised by any railway chartered by the Legislature for the construction of any line at least 75 miles long within the Province, provided that:

 * 1) the rate of interest guaranteed did not exceed 6%
 * 2) the sum on which the interest was guaranteed did not exceed the amount expended before the guarantee was given, and should be sufficient to complete the construction in a fitting manner (provided that no such guarantee would be given until at least half the line was completed)
 * 3) the payment of the interest guaranteed would be the first charge on the tolls and profits of the company
 * 4) no dividend could be declared so long as any part of the interest remained unpaid
 * 5) so long as any of the principal on which interest was guaranteed remained unpaid, no dividend could be declared to the stockholders until an amount equal to 3% of the principal was paid into a sinking fund to be managed by the Province and used for the eventual redemption of the bonds
 * 6) the Province held the first charge upon the road, tolls and profits of the company for any sum paid or guaranteed

The Province could demand further conditions with respect to a specific guarantee.

Provision was also made for financial support to be given to plans being discussed for the construction of the future Intercolonial Railway.

In 1851, access to guarantees was restricted to the Main Trunk Line (later to be called Grand Trunk Railway), together with ones already granted to the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad, the Great Western Railway and the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Railway.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Scherk–Schwarz mechanism

In theoretical physics, the Scherk–Schwarz mechanism (named after Joël Scherk and John Henry Schwarz) for a field φ basically means that φ is a section of a non-trivializable fiber bundle (not necessarily a vector bundle since φ needn't be linear) which is fixed by the model. This is called a twist by physicists.

Note that this can never occur in a spacetime which is homeomorphic to Rn, which is a contractible space. However, for Kaluza–Klein theories, the Scherk–Schwarz mechanism is a possibility which can't be neglected.

title: Scherk–Schwarz mechanism


text:
Talk:Robert Zubrin

Background
What is Zubrin's background and education? Where did he get his degrees and where did he work as an engineer? Just curious.

According to this site he has a B.A. degree in mathematics from the University of Rochester, a M.S. in Nuclear engineering, a M.S. in Aeronautics and Astronautics, and a Ph.d in Nuclear engineering, all from the University of Washington. He worked as a senior and staff engineer at Lockheed Martin (formerly Martin Marrieta)

R.D. 19:42, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

Removed material

 * ==Notes==
 * # Email from Robert Zubrin to Tim McMahon dated 9-18-2003 requesting book review.

I don't understand it, and i'm sure it doesn't belong in an article. An explanation is in order, tho secondary to the need for its removal. --Jerzy•t 20:40, 6 October 2005 (UTC)

Date of Birth?
Does anybody know when Zubrin was born?

Better Image?
The image of Zubrin makes him look like a madman, or a MySpace user. Could someone please find/take a better image?

 * I agree that is the single worst image of a person I have ever seen on wikipedia —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.177.70.5 (talk) 19:02, 19 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I think it's a perfect representation of his persona. You really should watch him testify to congress or listen to him at the 10th Annual Isaac Asimov Memorial Debate.  http://www.amnh.org/news/2010/03/podcast-isaac-asimov-debate/ he is pron to use logical falsifies unsupportable assertions and flip out and yell at other professionals who try to point out where he is wrong  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 168.103.182.177 (talk) 09:02, 2 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Not very neutral are you? I agree, this article needs a different picture. Atheuz (talk) 23:21, 17 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Dead link for mp3 file. Now at:
 * http://www.amnh.org/podcast/media/2010_03_15_asimov_debate.mp3
 * 115 megabyte download, found here:
 * http://www-v1.amnh.org/news/tag/isaac-asimov-memorial-debate/
 * - Ac44ck (talk) 16:56, 7 April 2013 (UTC)

LaRouche connection?
Why was the LaRouche connection removed on March 22nd?

 * For those who are interested, the referred to edit is here, and evidently it was removed by an IP user without any reason given. However, an assertion like this should always be supported with a citation, so the IP was right and entirely within Wikpedia policy to remove it; in fact, policy demands this even more decidedly so in an article like this than others per WP:BLP. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 19:45, 29 January 2017 (UTC)

I went to high school with Robert Zubrin. He graduated Great Neck North High School in 1970. Great Neck, New York.

Biocentrism
In the case there is intelligent life in Mars, and superior to ours, I hope they will think Zubrin's biocentric enough.

Well, there is no intelligent life on Mars, so the question becomes whether Martian bacterium should stand in the way of terraforming the planet. --198.232.63.57 (talk) 21:49, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Frank Black, etc
I notice somebody just added a claim that Frank Black wrote a song about Zubrin, and cited the lyrics as a source; I scoffed. Wrongly, as it turns out. I couldn't find a good citation that he wrote the song about Zubrin, and the lyrics clearly require some interpretation. But Frank Black listed it as one of his top 5 books. Together with the title anagram, I believe the claim, but I'd love for us to have a better source. William Pietri 19:29, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

I edited the text alongside the link to the lyrics at frankblack.net - the song's called Robert Onion (as correctly noted in the section above) and not Robert Sweet Onion. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.233.183.26 (talk) 14:46, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Referencing NASA, which is referencing Wikipedia, ...
The first reference http://www.quest.nasa.gov/projects/spacewardbound/mdrs/bios/zubrin.html is referencing this article, .... /Pieter Kuiper 00:24, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

One obviously came first; since updating occurs, they now link to each other reflexively. Still makes me smile. 75.202.23.109 (talk) 15:24, 27 November 2010 (UTC)

ancestry?
Is Zubrin's surname Italian? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.182.224.103 (talk) 14:56, 31 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Russian; I recall him talking about his family emigrating in a recent interview, but can't find the link at the moment. --Yeti Hunter (talk) 15:38, 1 August 2014 (UTC)

Mars One
Why does this article have a Mars One navigation box and in the Mars One category? There is no mention of the organization elsewhere in the article.--RadioFan (talk) 03:05, 24 February 2015 (UTC)

Climate change denial
Zubrin appears to fit the criteria for climate change denial. He appears to believe that global warming is not anthropomorphic and that global warming is beneficial - it makes crops grow faster. Shouldn't Zubrin's views be added? 2606:6000:CB81:1700:14C1:51EF:7B27:EB7D (talk) 02:35, 18 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Twitter / Zubrin: No. I’m not a climate change denier. I’m a climate change supporter.
 * Zubrin: The Assault on Science
 * Zubrin: The New Holocaust Deniers
 * Twitter search: "Zubrin" and "denial"

Qualifications
Added citation needed to this claim:

"The work of the Mars Society was successful enough as to encourage the US Government to not cut funding for several Mars rover missions."

There is no evidence provided for this strangely-worded claim. 69.165.230.185 (talk) 04:03, 13 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Robert Zubrin


text:
Jerry Stahl

Jerry Stahl (born September 28, 1953) is an American novelist and screenwriter. His works include the 1995 memoir of addiction Permanent Midnight. A 1998 film adaptation followed with Ben Stiller in the lead role.

His works include memoirs, short stories, TV, films, and Novels. He wrote novels including Bad Sex On Speed (2013), Happy Mutant Baby Pills: A Novel (2013), and a short story Love Without: Stories (2007).

Stahl has worked extensively in film and television. He married Zoe Hansen on August 20, 2023.

Early life
Stahl grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His family is Jewish. His father, David Henry Stahl, immigrated to the United States from the Soviet Union; he served a term as Attorney General of Pennsylvania and was later appointed as a federal judge. David had previously worked as a coal miner.

At the age of 16, Stahl was sent to a boarding prep school near Philadelphia. He attended Columbia University. Post-college he traveled, living in Greece—in caves outside of Matala, on Crete, the streets of Paris, then London, where he landed a job as a bartender at an Irish pub. He later returned to America to live in New York City, where he became a writer.

Career
Stahl began publishing short fiction, won a Pushcart Prize in 1976 for a story that first appeared in Transatlantic Review, and made a living writing for magazines and doing porn stories for cash. One writing job as humor editor for Hustler meant moving to Columbus, Ohio and living at the YMCA until the magazine moved its headquarters to California. Stahl lost his job six months to the day after taking it and ended up on unemployment in California, alongside an escalating heroin dependency, which eventually led to his contracting hepatitis C.

He would go on to become a writer for the 1980s TV series ALF, Thirtysomething, and Moonlighting. In 1990 he would also write an episode each for Twin Peaks and Northern Exposure; his work on the former was described by series co-creator Mark Frost as "an absolute car wreck... He turned in a completely incomprehensible, unusable, incomplete script a few days late and as I recall there were blood stains on it." He has also acted in seven films.

Permanent Midnight, his 1995 memoir, was adapted by Stahl into a 1998 film of the same name starring Ben Stiller that raised Stahl's profile and set the stage for his ongoing work in film. He wrote the screenplay for Bad Boys II, which starred Will Smith and Martin Lawrence. His novels Perv: A Love Story and Plainclothes Naked enjoyed moderate success. I, Fatty, a fictional autobiography of legendary movie comedian Roscoe Arbuckle received a favorable review from Thomas Mallon in The New Yorker and attracted attention from a variety of national media. According to Stahl, Johnny Depp has optioned the film rights for I, Fatty. Stahl edited The Heroin Chronicles (Akashic Books 2013), a collection of stories by various authors.

Stahl has also written a number of CSI episodes which deal with transgressive topics and have been some of the most controversial but also gained some of the highest ratings. He introduced the dominatrix character Lady Heather, who has appeared in a number of episodes, the first of which, "Slaves of Las Vegas", featured viewer discretion advisory warning, due to nudity and sexual content. Stahl has been criticised for his inaccurate portrayal of furries in "Fur and Loathing". However, while earlier episodes of CSI had been criticised for the treatment of transgender people, his episode "Ch-Ch-Changes" was highlighted as offering a sensitive portrayal of the topic. It also got the largest audience to date, 31.5 million, with his "King Baby" being the second most watched that season. That episode dealt with infantilism and the Parents Television Council declared it was the worst television show of the week.

Stahl and Barbara Turner wrote a screenplay for an HBO film about Ernest Hemingway and his relationship with Martha Gellhorn entitled Hemingway & Gellhorn starring Clive Owen and Nicole Kidman. James Gandolfini served as executive producer to the film, which was directed by Philip Kaufman and first aired on HBO on May 28, 2012.

Memoir

 * Permanent Midnight (1995)
 * OG Dad (2015)
 * Nein, Nein, Nein!: One Man's Tale of Depression, Psychic Torment, and a Bus Tour of the Holocaust (2022)

Novels

 * Perv: A Love Story (1999)
 * Plainclothes Naked (2002)
 * I, Fatty (2005)
 * Pain Killers (2009)
 * Bad Sex On Speed (2013)
 * Happy Mutant Baby Pills: A Novel (2013)

Short stories

 * Love Without: Stories (2007)

Multiple author collections

 * The Heroin Chronicles (2013) (editor and contributor)

Films
Film work includes:

 * Dr. Caligari (1989)
 * Permanent Midnight (1998)
 * Bad Boys II (2003)
 * Urge (2016)
 * Chuck (2016)

As Herbert W. Day:
 * Nightdreams (1981)
 * Café Flesh (1982)

Television

 * ALF:
 * "Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue?" (1986)
 * "La Cucaracha" (1987)
 * "Mind Games" (1989)
 * thirtysomething:
 * "Born to Be Mild" (1988)
 * "Politics" (1989)
 * Moonlighting:
 * "Plastic Fantastic Lovers" (1989)
 * "Perfect" (1989)
 * Twin Peaks (1990)
 * "Laura's Secret Diary"
 * Northern Exposure (1990)
 * "Soapy Sanderson"
 * CSI:
 * "Justice Is Served" (2001)
 * "Slaves of Las Vegas" (2001)
 * "Felonious Monk" (2002)
 * "The Hunger Artist" (2002)
 * "Fur and Loathing" (2003)
 * "Getting Off" (2004)
 * "Ch-Ch-Changes" (2004)
 * "King Baby" (2005)
 * "Pirates of the Third Reich" (2006)
 * "Way To Go" (2006)
 * Hemingway & Gellhorn (2011 HBO movie)
 * Maron
 * "White Truck" (2014)
 * "Professor of Desire" (2015)
 * "Anti-Depressed" (2015)
 * "Spiral" (2015)
 * "The 13th Step" (2016)
 * "Sobriety Bush" (2016)
 * "Bookstore" (2016)
 * Escape at Dannemora (2018 Showtime miniseries)
 * "Part 3"
 * "Part 6" (with Brett Johnson and Michael Tolkin)

title: Jerry Stahl


text: User talk:67.163.22.218

title: User talk:67.163.22.218


text: User talk:66.187.172.103

title: User talk:66.187.172.103


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Talk:G. D. Spradlin

Why does the article not mention his performance in "Major League"? It was a great comedic performance. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.131.78.67 (talk) 12:59, 10 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:G. D. Spradlin


text:
Ken Caminiti

Kenneth Gene Caminiti (April 21, 1963 – October 10, 2004) was an American professional baseball third baseman who spent 15 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) with the Houston Astros (1987–1994, 1999–2000), San Diego Padres (1995–1998), Texas Rangers (2001) and Atlanta Braves (2001).

Caminiti was named the National League (NL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) with San Diego in 1996, and he was a three-time MLB All-Star. Caminiti is a member of the Padres Hall of Fame. He died of a cocaine and heroin (a speedball) drug overdose on October 10, 2004.

Early years
Caminiti was born in Hanford, California on April 21, 1963, to Yvonne and Lee Caminiti who had another son, Glenn, and a daughter, Carrie. He starred in football and baseball at Leigh High School in San Jose, California, where he graduated in 1981. In football, he was invited to many all-star games after his senior football season. He attended San Jose State University, where he played baseball for the Spartans in 1983 and 1984.

Minor leagues
The Houston Astros selected Caminiti in the third round of the 1984 MLB draft. Caminiti played professional baseball for 15 seasons, beginning with the Osceola Astros of the Single-A Florida State League in 1985. He was promoted to the Double-A Columbus Astros in 1986, and batted .300 for the first time in his professional career. He returned to Columbus in 1987, improving to a .325 batting average, hitting 15 home runs over 95 games and making the Southern League All-Star game. He also played third base for the Indios de Mayagüez along with Wally Joyner in the Puerto Rico Winter League.

Houston Astros (1987–1994)
Skipping Triple-A, Caminiti was called up and made his major league debut at age 24 with the Houston Astros on July 16, 1987. In his debut, he went 2-for-3 with a home run, a triple, and scored the game-winning run. He immediately received a large role, starting 51 of the Astros' final 75 games at third base. However, in 1988, Denny Walling, whom Caminiti had largely replaced the previous season, was named the Astros starting third baseman, and Caminiti started the season in the minors, playing with the Triple-A Tucson Toros of the Pacific Coast League. Despite an injury forcing Walling to the disabled list in mid-June, the Astros did not call up Caminiti, instead trading for the veteran Buddy Bell. Further injuries in late July forced the Astros to shift Bell to first base in late July, and Caminiti was brought up to play at third base. However, Caminiti struggled, batting only .176 over three weeks, and was demoted again, only returning for September call-ups, and ended the season with a .181 batting average over 89 plate appearances.

Prior to 1989, the Astros' new manager Art Howe announced that Caminiti would be the starting third baseman. Despite being plagued with several injuries throughout his tenure in Houston, Caminiti became a constant presence at third base over the next six seasons, averaging .263 with 12 home runs and 69 RBIs from 1989 to 1994. During this time, he formed part of the nucleus of the Astros offense alongside future Hall of Famers Jeff Bagwell and Craig Biggio, plus Steve Finley and Luis Gonzalez (both of whom ended their careers with over 2500 hits and 300 home runs). Caminiti's Astros improved their record each year from 1991 to 1994. In the strike-shortened 1994 season, he set a new career high with 18 home runs, and earned his first All Star Game selection.

San Diego Padres (1995–1998)
After the 1994 season, Caminiti was traded by the Astros, in part to cut payroll and get younger, to the San Diego Padres in a 12-player trade (the biggest trade in terms of number of players moved since 1957), along with Steve Finley, Andújar Cedeño, Roberto Petagine, Brian Williams, and a player to be named later (PTBNL), in exchange for Derek Bell, Doug Brocail, Ricky Gutiérrez, Pedro Martínez, Phil Plantier, and Craig Shipley. In 1995, at the age of 32, he reached career highs at the plate by hitting .302 with 26 home runs and 94 RBIs in his first season for the Padres, winning his first of three consecutive Gold Glove Awards. The switch-hitting Caminiti also became the first player to ever have three games with a home run from each side of the plate, remarkably having entirely done so over a single four game span.

In 1996, Caminiti again set new career highs, batting .326 with 40 home runs and 130 RBIs (which remains the Padres' single season RBI record). He carried the Padres that year despite a myriad of injuries, such as an abdominal strain, a biceps tendon tear, shoulder and elbow injuries, and pain in his back, hamstring, and groin. One highlight of the season was the August 18 game against the Mets in Monterrey, Mexico, which saw him play with dehydration and diarrhea. With liters of intravenous fluid received alongside a Snickers bar, Caminiti hit two home runs in the victory over the Mets. In spite of Caminiti's three home runs, the Padres were swept by the St. Louis Cardinals in three games in the NLDS. Despite playing most of 1996 with a torn right rotator cuff, his performance earned him his second All-Star Game appearance, and he became the fifth player to be unanimously voted the National League Most Valuable Player. He dropped off slightly in 1997, but remained productive, batting .290 with 26 home runs and 90 RBIs, and was voted the National League's starting third baseman for the All Star Game. Injuries took their toll, and Caminiti's batting average fell to .252 in 1998, though he maintained his power numbers. This season saw Caminiti make the World Series for the only time in his career, where the Padres were swept by a juggernaut New York Yankees team that had won a then-AL record 114 regular season games. He had two hits in the series and batted .143.

Return to Astros and end of career (1999–2001)
After 1998, the Padres did not attempt to re-sign the free agent eligible Caminiti in a cost-saving move. Despite reportedly being offered more money by the Detroit Tigers, Caminiti returned to Houston on a $9.5 million contract with an option for a third year at $5.5 million. Astros GM Gerry Hunsicker endorsed the signing, describing Caminiti as "the ultimate gamer." While he remained productive, injuries limited Caminiti to 137 games with the Astros between 1999 and 2000. In the 1999 National League Division Series against Atlanta and batted .471 with three of his eight hits being home runs. He drove in eight of Houston's total 15 runs in the four game series loss to the Braves. His 2000 season was ended by a wrist injury in mid-June, and Caminiti left the team in early September to enter a substance abuse rehabilitation center.

Before the 2001 season, Caminiti signed for $3.25 million with the Texas Rangers, where he hit just .232 over the first three months of the season. He requested his release from the Rangers, which was granted on July 2. Three days later, he signed with the Atlanta Braves, who moved him across the infield due to the presence of Chipper Jones, and attempted to use Caminiti as a power-hitting first baseman. Over 64 games with the Braves, Caminiti batted only .222 with six home runs.

Awards
Caminiti won three Gold Glove Awards while playing for the Padres in 1995, 1996, and 1997, and he was unanimously selected as the National League's MVP in 1996. In 1994, 1996, and 1997, he appeared in the All Star Game. Caminiti is the Padres all-time leader in slugging percentage (.540) and OPS (.924).

In 2016, Caminiti was inducted into the San Diego Padres Hall of Fame. He will be inducted into the Houston Astros Hall of Fame in August 2024.

Post-baseball career
Following his playing career in baseball, Caminiti was hired by the Padres to be a spring training instructor for his former team. Caminiti entered into a partnership with actor Jason Gedrick and hockey player Mario Lemieux to open a cigar bar called Ashes Cigar Club on Wall Street.

Personal life
Caminiti was married to Nancy Smith from November 14, 1987, to December 10, 2002. They had three daughters, Kendall, Lindsey, and Nicole. His cousin, Cam Caminiti, was drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the first round of the 2024 Major League Baseball draft.

Substance abuse and death
Caminiti struggled with substance abuse throughout his career, as he had started drinking alcohol in middle school and smoking marijuana in high school. He started using cocaine later on, but his main vice by 1990 was crack cocaine. He admitted in 1994 to having a problem with alcoholism and checked himself into a rehabilitation center in 2000. In a Sports Illustrated cover story in 2002, a year after his retirement, Caminiti admitted that he had used steroids during his 1996 MVP season, and for several seasons afterwards. His admitted steroid abuse was discussed in the 2007 Mitchell Report on steroid abuse in baseball.

Caminiti also had a long struggle with cocaine, having been arrested in March 2001 for possession and sentenced to probation. In February 2003, Caminiti tested positive for cocaine while already on probation for cocaine possession and was ordered to visit a Texas Department of Criminal Justice-operated treatment program. The program was eliminated in May of that year and Caminiti was forced to leave after completing most of the program. Caminiti was also getting mental health therapy from the MLB’s Employee Assistance Program, owing to childhood trauma from sexual abuse in middle school, which he had recounted to others participating in rehab sessions that he believed was the driving force into abusing substances (serving as a way to try and turn his mind off from the memories).

On October 5, 2004 — just five days prior to his death — he admitted in a Houston court that he had violated his probation. He tested positive for cocaine in September 2004. It was his fourth such violation and he was sentenced to 180 days in jail but given credit for time already served and released.

Death
In the early afternoon of October 10, 2004, Caminiti was in the apartment of a friend in The Bronx, New York City. After being in the bathroom to have a speedball of cocaine and heroin, Caminiti came out and collapsed on the floor. At 3:36 pm, a 911 call was made while Caminiti was going into cardiac arrest. Caminiti died at Lincoln Hospital in The Bronx at 6:45 pm. Preliminary news reports indicated he died of a heart attack, but the autopsy results stated that "acute intoxication due to the combined effects of cocaine and opiates" caused his death, with coronary artery disease and cardiac hypertrophy (an enlarged heart) as contributing factors.

After final funeral services held in Solana Beach, California, a San Diego suburb, which were attended by many Padres players, past and present, Caminiti's remains were cremated and were interred at the Cambo Ranch in Sabinal, Texas, which Caminiti co-owned with former teammate Craig Biggio. Media coverage of Caminiti's death was almost completely overshadowed by that of Christopher Reeve, who also died in New York City on the same day.

title: Ken Caminiti


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Potato pancakes

On 26 July 2004, Potato pancakes was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP and also to transwiki the article to Wikibooks cookbook section. Rossami 22:01, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

It's just a recipe. Transwiki to Cookbook and delete. --Ben Brockert 02:30, Jul 26, 2004 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete, do not transwiki . The recipe is inferior & is not written in a proper format, not to mention the "potato's." Geogre 03:11, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Pleasure to change my vote to keep and transwiki. Geogre 16:05, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Dan Quayle, is that really you? Surely it could be cleaned up and transwikified, although my cooking skills, which have been the subject of UN Security Council resolutions, would stop me from doing this myself. Ianb 06:04, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I cleaned it up, including making some recipe adjustments based on similar recipes found in my own cookbooks and online. Review and transwiki. Spectatrix 06:39, 2004 Jul 26 (UTC)
 * Mmmm... damn.. I think I know what I'm gonna have for lunch today! transwiki. - UtherSRG 11:40, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC) Hungrier today than I was yesterday, because Dpbsmith did an excellent rewrite. Keep. - UtherSRG 15:14, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm hungry, but this isn't an encyclopedia article, it's dinner. TW and Delete; redirect to... something? Might be worth having an actual article on someday, but this isn't it. -FZ 14:55, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment OK... so I've made a start on making it into an actual article. Antitrophodeletionists of the world, unite! Dpbsmith 02:39, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I like the way the recent changes are going. This successfully followed the advice in #22 of What Wikipedia entries are not and is now a valid article, IMO. And it already looks nicer than fried rice. - Eisnel 06:51, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Ooh... I really like the background that Dpbsmith added. Changing vote to keep here AND transwiki to the Wikibooks Cookbook project. Spectatrix 15:05, 2004 Jul 27 (UTC)
 * We gots an article, we does, complete with history! Agree with Ben and Geogre that the original had to go, FWIW.  Keep, transwiki to the cookbook and pass the applesauce and sour cream. - Lucky 6.9 16:56, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, is now far more than just a recipe. - SimonP 17:27, Jul 27, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Felicity LaFortune

Felicity LaFortune is an American actress and singer from Oak Park, Illinois. She has appeared in numerous theatre productions, including on Broadway, as well as in film and on television, including the daytime soap operas Ryan's Hope and All My Children.

Career
On the daytime soap operas Ryan's Hope, LaFortune had the role of Leigh Kirkland Fenelli (1983–1985, 1988–1989) and in All My Children had the role of Laurel Banning Dillon (1993–1996). In 2000, LaFortune filled in for Hillary B. Smith as Nora Buchanan on One Life to Live while Smith was on leave.

In 1987, LaFortune played the role of the nurse in the Broadway production of the play A Month of Sundays. In 1998, she was a singer in The Harlot's Progress at the Performing Garage in SoHo. In 2006, she appeared again on Broadway in the musical The Light in the Piazza. She also played several characters in the trilogy of plays, The Coast of Utopia, at the Lincoln Center Theater in 2006 and 2007. In 2009, she performed in Deathtrap and The Glass Menagerie on Broadway, followed by I Hate Hamlet in 2010. Her other Broadway appearances include Stevie (standby) in The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? In 2015, she played the role of Peg in The Outgoing Tide, and was nominated for an IRNE Award for her performance.

title: Felicity LaFortune


text:
Cape Spear

Cape Spear (Cap d'Espoir) is a headland located on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland near St. John's in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. At a longitude of 52°37'W, it is the easternmost point in Canada and North America, excluding Greenland.

Cape Spear is within the municipal boundaries of the city of St. John's, located about 12 km from downtown St. John's.

The Portuguese named this location Cabo da Esperança, meaning "cape of hope", which became Cap d'Espoir in French and finally "Cape Spear".

Cape Spear is the trailhead/trail end for two components of the East Coast Trail.

History
The Cape Spear region was originally inhabited by Beothuk peoples. Additionally, Mi'kmaq communities practiced a non-sedentary presence in the area, harvesting subsistence resources on a temporary basis prior to permanent residency at settlements such as St. George's Bay and Conne River from the nineteenth century onwards. In contrast to European settlers who viewed the cape as a place of significance as the easternmost point in Canada, there is no known archaeological evidence to indicate that Cape Spear was viewed by local Indigenous communities as a place of symbolic geographical importance. According to Fife and Roseman, historically there are "no indications that either the Beothuk or the Mi'kmaq equated Cape Spear with a 'land's end' that was meaningful to them."

World War II
Because of its proximity to convoy routes during the Second World War, a Canadian-manned gun battery including two Lend-Lease ex-US 10-inch M1888 guns on disappearing carriages was installed at Cape Spear to defend the entrance to St. John's harbor. Barracks and underground passages leading to the bunkers were built for the use of troops stationed there. The gun barrels remain in place. The bunkers and gun barrels that are located at the site afford a sheltered view of the ocean.

Lighthouses
A lighthouse has operated at Cape Spear since September 1836. The original Cape Spear lighthouse was the second lighthouse built in Newfoundland; the first was built in 1810 at Fort Amherst, at the entrance to St. John's Harbour. In 1832, the first legislative assembly for the colony created a lighthouse board. Cape Spear was chosen as the site for a new lighthouse because it was on the rocky eastern coast near the entrance to St. John's harbor.

Nicholas Croke and William Parker, two St. John's builders, won the contract for the lighthouse and work began in 1834 or early in 1835. The first lighthouse was a square wooden building with a tower in the middle containing the light. A foghorn was added in 1878. The first light used at Cape Spear had already been used since 1815 at a lighthouse on Inchkeith on the east coast of Scotland. The original light used seven Argand burners and curved reflectors. This was later replaced by a dioptric lens system; the light was first lit by oil, then acetylene, and finally electricity in 1930.

A new concrete lighthouse was built in 1955, and the original light was moved to the new building.

Lightkeepers
In 1835, dense fog enveloped an approaching warship carrying a VIP visitor to St. John's. The Governor sent out several pilot boats, and a young harbour pilot names James Cantwell succeeded in locating the ship and guiding it safely into harbour. Asked what reward he would like, he requested the job of keeper at the Cape Spear lighthouse, then under construction. It had been promised to another man, Emmanuel Warre, but when Warre died ten years later Cantwell became the second keeper. He served for 35 years; his son Dennis, who had been his assistant, later took over and, with two intermissions, the Cantwell family kept the Cape Spear light for over 150 years.

National Historic Site
The original Cape Spear lighthouse is the oldest surviving lighthouse in Newfoundland and the location has been designated a National Historic Site of Canada. The original lighthouse building and the lightkeeper's residence have been restored to the period of 1839, and are open to the public. The visitor centre includes a gift shop. The lighthouse was designated under the federal Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act in June 2016.

Some visitors attracted by the scenery and history have been swept away by the large and unpredictable waves at Cape Spear, prompting Parks Canada to post numerous warning signs in the area.

Radar Station
Cape Spear Radar Station (Prime) was a United States Army General Surveillance Ground Radar Early Warning Station in the Dominion of Newfoundland. It was built during World War II and responsible for monitoring air traffic from RCAF Torbay and into the Atlantic Ocean. It was closed in 1945.

The site was established in 1942 as a United States Ground Radar Early Warning Station, funded by the United States Army, which stationed the 685th Air Warning Company on the site under operational control of Newfoundland Base Command at Pepperrell Air Force Base. Three officers and 49 enlisted men of the 685th were assigned to Cape Spear. It operated an SCR-271 manned Early-warning radar with information sent to a plotting center at Pepperrell AFB to track aircraft. The station was assigned to Royal Canadian Air Force in November 1944, and was given designation "No 42 RU". The RCAF operated the station until 20 June, 1945.

United States Army Air Forces units and assignments
Units:
 * 685th Air Warning Squadron, 1943
 * Inactivated November 1944

Assignments:
 * Newfoundland Base Command, Winter 1943

title: Cape Spear


text:
Welcome to Sunny Florida

Welcome to Sunny Florida is the name of a DVD and CD set released by singer-songwriter Tori Amos in 2004. The set features a live concert performance by Amos from her 2002 " On Scarlet's Walk" tour, in support of her album Scarlet's Walk. It was recorded live at Sound Advice Amphitheatre in West Palm Beach, Florida. The DVD also features photographs and other exclusive material including a full-length interview with Amos. The title is a sarcastic reference to the fact that on September 4, 2003 (the day of filming) there was a rainstorm.

Accompanying the DVD is an EP called Scarlet's Hidden Treasures, which features six non-LP tracks. The DVD/CD was released in either a double CD jewel case, or in a special DVD case.

Some controversy was sparked when the words "fucker" and "cock" were censored out of the live performance of the song "Professional Widow". Amos, who is an avid anti-censorship proponent, explained in an interview that she felt it was important not to have a parental advisory sticker on the label so that young people would be able to have access to the DVD, as she touches on many important political issues in her works.

Although not mentioned in the track listing, Amos sings the first four lines of "Muhammad My Friend" as a bridge for "Take to the Sky".

The set reached UK No. 1 on the Music Videos and DVDs Chart, and No. 2 on the US equivalent, qualifying it as a commercial success.

Main Set List

 * 1) "A Sorta Fairytale"
 * 2) "Sugar"
 * 3) "Crucify"
 * 4) "Interlude #1"
 * 5) "Cornflake Girl"
 * 6) "Bells for Her"
 * 7) "Concertina"
 * 8) "Interlude #2"
 * 9) "Take to the Sky"
 * 10) "Leather"
 * 11) "Cloud on My Tongue"
 * 12) "Cooling"
 * 13) "Interlude #3"
 * 14) "Your Cloud"
 * 15) "Father Lucifer"
 * 16) "Professional Widow"
 * 17) "I Can't See New York"
 * 18) "Precious Things"

Encore

 * 1) "Tombigbee" (2nd take)
 * 2) "Amber Waves"
 * 3) "Hey Jupiter"

Cut Songs

 * 1) "Wednesday"
 * 2) "Tombigbee" (1st take)
 * 3) "Virginia"
 * 4) "Sweet Sangria"
 * 5) "Past the Mission" (Audio featured on DVD photo gallery)

Scarlet's Hidden Treasures

 * 1) "Ruby Through the Looking Glass"
 * 2) "Seaside"
 * 3) "Bug a Martini"
 * 4) "Apollo's Frock"
 * 5) "Tombigbee"
 * 6) "Indian Summer"

title: Welcome to Sunny Florida


text:
Socialist Party of Canada (Manitoba)

The Socialist Party of Manitoba (SPM) was a short-lived social democratic political party launched in 1902 in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The organisation advanced a moderate programme of social reform legislation. In 1904 the SPM became one of the constituent units founding the Socialist Party of Canada, an organisation which continued until 1925.

Establishment
The Socialist Party of Manitoba was established in 1902. Although professing a long-term objective of "socialisation of the means of Production, Distribution, and Exchange," in practice it followed the Fabian agenda of slow, incremental social legislation — a modest programme characterised by one historian as "pure reformist labourism." In one Winnipeg city election the SPM's candidate ran for office as a self-professed 'Labour Candidate' without so much as mentioning the word 'socialism' during the duration of the campaign.

Included among the planks of the SPM's ameliorative reform programme were demands for universal suffrage, direct legislation, abolition of standing armies, implementation of the 8-hour day, establishment of old age pensions, and implementation of compulsory public education.

Located in a largely rural province, the SPM had a small membership almost entirely contained in the city of Winnipeg.

Socialist Party of Canada in Manitoba
The Socialist Party of Canada was a revolutionary Marxist organization, founded in 1904 as a merger of the Socialist Party of British Columbia and related groups in Manitoba and Ontario, Canada. Although strongest in British Columbia, the SPC was also a credible force in Winnipeg. One member of the party was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1920 provincial election.

During its early years, the Winnipeg SPC was a rival to larger reformist groups such as Arthur Puttee's Winnipeg Labour Party, from which many Socialists members had split. It was active in the local trade unions, and participated in the city's elections.

The party ran John Donald Houston in Winnipeg for the federal election of 1908. He finished third, behind the Liberal and Conservative candidates.

In the 1910 provincial election, the SPC ran candidates in three of Winnipeg's four ridings. They finished a distant third in all three, but may have been responsible for the defeat of reformist Manitoba Labour Party candidate Fred Dixon in Winnipeg Centre. Dixon's loss provoked a backlash against the SPC from Winnipeg's labour unions, weakening the party. Many of its members joined the newly formed Social Democratic Party of Canada, which became stronger in Winnipeg than any other city in western Canada.

In the 1914 provincial election, the SPC ran George Armstrong and Bill Hoop for the two Winnipeg Centre seats, but did not challenge the SDP in Winnipeg North. Both SPC candidates finished a distant third in their ridings. Armstrong ran against Dixon, but could not prevent his election as an independent.

The SPC was further marginalized in the 1915 provincial election. Its only candidate was Armstrong, who again placed third against Dixon. Subsequent events, however, would briefly revive the party's fortunes in the city.

In 1919, the city of Winnipeg was shaken by a General Strike which pitted unionized and non-unionized workers against the city's employers. The strike was suppressed by force, but labour radicalism within the city was greatly increased. There were increased calls for labour unity in the city. For the 1920 provincial election, the SPC, SDP and reformist labour parties forged an electoral alliance to contest Winnipeg's ten seats (which were determined by a single transferable ballot). The labour list received more votes than any other party, and elected four candidates to the Legislature. Armstrong was elected, along with three candidates from the other parties.

The 1920 election proved to be the party's greatest success in Manitoba. In 1921, the SPC lost many of its members to the newly formed Workers Party (which was the legal wing of the Communist Party of Canada) and ceased to function as a viable organization. Armstrong ran again as an SPC candidate in the 1922 election, and was frequently heckled by Workers Party candidates for his alliance with the reformist Independent Labour Party. Armstrong was defeated, and the party formally dissolved in 1925.

Recreated Socialist Party of Canada
Armstrong resurfaced as an SPC candidate in the 1932 provincial election, but fared poorly. The party does not appear to have functioned in the city for long after the election.

In 1945, a recreated SPC ran James Milne in Winnipeg for Manitoba's provincial election. Milne claimed that neither the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation nor the Labor-Progressive Party was serious about eroding capitalism and poverty. He was defeated, and the party does not appear to have participated in any further Manitoba elections.

Candidates of the Socialist Party of Canada in Manitoba
1910 provincial election:

 * W.S. Cummings (Winnipeg Centre) — Cummings was nominated by the SPC as a spoiler candidate in Winnipeg Centre, opposing Fred Dixon who was backed by the Manitoba Liberal Party and the Manitoba Labour Representation Committee. Dixon's supporters alleged that the Conservative were assisting his campaign, and historian Ross McCormack has indicated there may have been some truth to this charge. Cummings finished a distant third with 99 votes (2.44%).  Conservative candidate Thomas Taylor defeated Dixon by 73 votes.  The SPC was blamed for Dixon's loss, and became marginalized in Winnipeg's labour community until 1919.  Little is known of Cummings, aside from the fact that he contested this election.

title: Socialist Party of Canada (Manitoba)


text:
Snow cone

A snow cone (or snow kone, sno kone, sno-kone, sno cone, or sno-cone) is a variation of shaved ice or ground-up ice desserts commonly served in paper cones or foam cups. The dessert consists of ice shavings that are topped with flavored sugar syrup.

Depending on the region of North America, the terms "snowball", “ice cone” and "snow cone" may refer to different things. Where the distinction is made, the former refers to a dessert made of finely shaved ice ("like soft fresh snow"), while the latter contains ground-up ice that is coarser and more granular ("crunchy").

Industrial Revolution
In the 1850s, the American Industrial Revolution made ice commercially available in the United States. Ice houses in New York would commonly sell ice to states like Florida. To transport the ice to Florida, the ice houses would send a wagon with a huge block of ice south. The route to Florida would pass right through Baltimore where children would run up to the wagon and ask for a small scraping of ice. Before long, mothers started to make flavoring in anticipation of their children receiving some ice. The first flavor the women made is still a Baltimore favorite: egg custard. Egg custard was an easy flavor to make as the only ingredients were eggs, vanilla, and sugar.

Theaters
By the 1870s, the snow cone's popularity had risen to the degree that in the warm summer months, theaters would sell snow cones to keep their patrons cool. Because of this association with the theater, snow cones were thought of as an upper-class commodity. Signs in theaters instructing patrons to finish their snow cones before coming in to the second act are the earliest tangible evidence of snow cones. In the Baltimore theaters at the time, hand shavers were used to shave the ice. In the 1890s, many people started to invent easier ways to make snow cones. In that decade, patents for electric ice shavers were filed.

Great Depression and World War II
Snow cones became available outside of Baltimore during the Great Depression and the Second World War because they were exceptionally affordable. Their low cost earned them several nicknames including the Hard Times Sundae and the Penny Sunday. The low cost of producing and selling snow cones created many straightforward opportunities for work. After ice cream became unavailable at the home front, snow cones arose as a nationally popular alternative in America.

title: Snow cone


text:
Talk:Jesse H. Jones

Untitled
Paragraph no 2--'his father sent him to...'? manage a factory? be a factor? a branch of what? Sentence doesn't work as written. Quill 02:34, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Google is your friend. Looks like it was a tobacco factory: http://www.rice.edu/fondren/woodson/mss/ms252.html—Curps 03:53, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Chauffeur in 1915
In the pages of the Houston Chronicle for March 11th 1915 I have found a reference to a C.H. White being a chauffeur for Jesse H. Jones. Is this information independently verifiable and is there reference to this C.H. White's full name or vital statistics? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Kargin (talk • contribs) 03:42, 18 April 2011 (UTC)

Opening statement is incorrect; Jones was a Republican, and he was not a politician
This article disputes both assertions. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.90.131.150 (talk) 02:53, 14 October 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Vague phrase
The leading clause of a sentence in the Jesse H. Jones section reads, "According to Joseph P. Lash, the President considered Jones too conservative..." This is vague, especially since the term probably meant something different in FDR's time. What does this tell us about Jones? It's hard to tell. There is an inline citation, but unfortunately, omits the page number to Eleanor and Franklin. The book cited contains over 900 pages of text.

Is there anyone who can provide a page number and an explanation of this passage? Thanks, Oldsanfelipe (talk) 09:55, 7 November 2017 (UTC)

 * As several months have passed without comment, I move that the removal of this problem sentence would be uncontroversial. The sentence itself is not very helpful, and perhaps not worth the effort to find a valid citation.Oldsanfelipe (talk) 14:54, 3 March 2018 (UTC)

External links modified
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Zoning Proponent
Perhaps this section should be removed, if not revised thoroughly? It states nothing about Jones, only this temporary political rival. - AquilaFasciata (talk | contribs) 04:38, 25 November 2019 (UTC)

 * The Steven Fenberg biography has more on the zoning fight with Cullen. There's enough to create a credible paragraph. I will expand this topic, but I agree that it's not important enough to warrant a section. Oldsanfelipe2 (talk) 17:22, 16 December 2019 (UTC)

Embarrassing
"Jones returned to Houston early in 1848."

Would someone please fix this embarrassing slip?

107.77.218.129 (talk) 09:49, 11 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jesse H. Jones


text: Template:Audi

title: Template:Audi


text:
Jean-Paul L'Allier

Jean-Paul L'Allier (August 12, 1938 – January 5, 2016) was a Quebec politician, a two-term Member of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA) and the 38th mayor of Quebec City.

Background
L'Allier was born in Hudson, Montérégie in 1938 and received a law degree from the University of Ottawa. He practised law in the Ottawa and Outaouais regions in the 1960s. He worked for the Montreal newspaper Le Devoir in the 1980s. He was a self-proclaimed Liberal, sovereigntist and social democrat.

Member of the National Assembly
L'Allier became a candidate to the National Assembly of Quebec in the district of Deux-Montagnes after Liberal candidate and mayor Guy Léveillée of Saint-Eustache, Laurentides dropped out of the race in the 1970 election. He won the Liberal nomination against two other candidates and subsequently won the election. He was re-elected in the 1973 election.

Cabinet member
L'Allier was appointed to the Cabinet in 1970 and served as Minister of Communications until 1975 and as Minister of Cultural Affairs from 1975 until 1976.

Political defeat
L'Allier was defeated against Parti Québécois (PQ) candidate Pierre de Bellefeuille in the 1976 election. L'Allier voted "yes" in the Quebec referendum of 1980 and left the Liberals in the same year.

Mayor of Quebec City
L'Allier ran as the Rassemblement populaire candidate for Mayor of Quebec City in 1989. He won against Progrès civique de Québec candidate Jean-François Bertrand and was sworn in as the 38th Mayor of the city. He was re-elected in 1993 and 1997.

His accomplishments include:

 * The revitalization of the Saint-Roch neighborhood;
 * The erection of a monument that commemorates the 30th anniversary of French President Charles de Gaulle's official visit to Quebec City in 1967;
 * The merger of the Quebec City government with twelve other surrounding municipalities, as a part of the municipal reorganization of 2001–02.

L'Ancienne-Lorette and Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures eventually demerged.

L'Allier co-founded the Renouveau municipal de Québec and was re-elected as mayor in 2001 against Action civique de Québec candidate and former anti-merger crusader Andrée Boucher. On July 13, 2004, he announced that he would not run for re-election in November 2005 and retired from politics.

title: Jean-Paul L'Allier


text:
List of Saturn-crossing minor planets

A Saturn-crosser is a minor planet whose orbit crosses that of Saturn. The known numbered Saturn-crossers (as of 2005) are listed below. There is only one inner-grazer (944 Hidalgo) and no outer-grazers or co-orbitals known; most if not all of the crossers are centaurs. is a damocloid.

Notes: † inner-grazer.

 * 944 Hidalgo †
 * 2060 Chiron
 * 5145 Pholus
 * 5335 Damocles
 * 8405 Asbolus
 * 20461 Dioretsa
 * 31824 Elatus
 * 32532 Thereus
 * 37117 Narcissus
 * 52872 Okyrhoe
 * 60558 Echeclus
 * 60558 Echeclus

title: List of Saturn-crossing minor planets


text:
User:Aponar Kestrel

Aponar Kestrel is a Wikipedia user.

title: User:Aponar Kestrel


text:
Talk:MDC (band)

Untitled
Isn't the band's name actually just MDC? And doesn't MDC stand for a few different things? That's what I always thought. As I recall they had albums called "Millions of Dead Cops", "More Dead Cops" and "Millions of Damn Christians". I guess that doesn't necessarily make the band's name inconsistent though. Whatever. If anyone is certain I'll yield to their authority. -R. fiend 02:52, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes this is the case. They changed their name with every record release, this page should be moved to MDC (band) quercus robur 17:03, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

John Wayne was a Nazi
What's the meaning behind this song? I've never seen the accusation anywhere else. Maybe it's just satire that went over my head... --Tothebarricades.tk 23:44, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Haven't heard the song in ages, but I think it's just a basic attack on what John Waynes stands for. "Nazi" here is used as somewhat of a loaded hyperbole, rather than literally. Comments Wayne is purported to have made about native americans getting what they deserved because white men needed the land probably fueled this attack. I think he's sort of used as the symbol for "America is always right and won't let anything get in our way" sort of imperialist mentality that MDC is clearly against. That's my take on it, though I admit I can recall few specific lyrics . -R. fiend 01:25, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Me neither but As far as I can recall the lyrics were "John Wayne was nazi, he liked to play SS, he had a picture of Adolf the Boy tucked into his vest". Its' 20 odd years since I heard the song, but thats my recall, and a mighty fine song it was too! quercus robur

I think people just sort of thought he (John Wayne) embodied the macho, right-wing, gun-slingin' image of America that the band obviously didn't agree with. There's sort of a hint at this (of the John Wayne accusation, not the MDC song) in "Fight The Power" by Public Enemy. Something to the effect of:

"Elvis...was a hero to most, but he never meant shit to me, Straight up racist, that sucker was, simple and plain, Yeah, motherfuck him and John Wayne"

Not really labeling him a Nazi, but a racist, which I *guess* are connected.

-I'm aware I didn't sign in. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 67.165.87.40 (talk • contribs) 08:55, October 12, 2005 (UTC)

the Rock Against Reagan Tour
i found a pretty good ref on MDC at the RART and tried to include it, but it's from a MySpace blog and the WikiMedia spam filter wouldn't let it pass, so y'all'll have to google it, eh. (tip: user "erzuliedanto")

Jerome Potts 06:50, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

Homosexuality
Dave Dictor is not gay. Read his interview with Mark Prindle for specifics. 129.186.177.209 (talk) 04:13, 18 April 2008 (UTC)Danger129.186.177.209 (talk) 04:13, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Bad Brains "faggot" note
The source that made this accusation is pretty questionable. It looks like someone's personal website from NYU, and there's no note on where it's from on the source's page.

This story can also be found in the book American Hardcore by Steven Blush. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.112.22.110 (talk) 14:27, 30 October 2009 (UTC)

Hiatus
I distinctly remember Dave Dictor performing as MDC in Portland from 1995 until at least 1998 or so.

But I guess I don't care enough to find some citations or update this article. Perhaps someone else might want to. 76.105.194.158 (talk) 23:23, 7 January 2015 (UTC)

Article too long
Why is this article so long? This band never sold many records or was popular. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.92.79.110 (talk) 20:40, 8 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:MDC (band)


text:
Clem Burke

Clement Burke (born Clement Anthony Bozewski; November 24, 1954) is an American musician who is best known as the drummer for the band Blondie from 1975, shortly after the band formed, throughout the band's entire career. He also played drums for the Ramones for a brief time in 1987, under the name Elvis Ramone.

Life and career
Burke's early experiences behind the drum kit began in the late 1960s and early 1970s as one of the founding members of Bayonne, New Jersey's premier cover bands, Total Environment and Sweet Willie Jam Band. Burke also gained percussion knowledge from his stint as a drummer in the famed Saint Andrew Bridgmen Drum and Bugle Corps in Bayonne. Recruited by Debbie Harry and Chris Stein when Blondie was first forming in 1974, Burke joined Blondie in early 1975. He was a key figure in keeping the group together after Stein and Harry considered disbanding, following the departure of original bassist Fred Smith to Television; Burke recruited his friend Gary Valentine to play bass. Burke's style of playing was influenced by Hal Blaine, Keith Moon, Ringo Starr, and Earl Palmer.

During the 1980s and 1990s, when Blondie was disbanded, Burke played drums for the Romantics (for whom Burke was the regular drummer between 1990 and 2004), Pete Townshend, Bob Dylan, Eurythmics, Dramarama, the Fleshtones, Iggy Pop, and Joan Jett, amongst others. He went on to record with the line-up of Chequered Past in 1983 with Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones, former Blondie bandmate Nigel Harrison, musician Tony Sales and singer/actor Michael Des Barres.

In 1987, he stood in as drummer for the Ramones (under the name "Elvis Ramone") for two gigs, on August 28 in Providence, Rhode Island, and August 29 in Trenton, New Jersey at the punk club The City Gardens, after the sudden departure of Richie Ramone. On October 8, 2004, he once again played under the name "Elvis Ramone", when he joined Tommy Ramone, C. J. Ramone, and Daniel Rey in the "Ramones Beat on Cancer" concert. He has recorded and played live with Wanda Jackson and Nancy Sinatra. Burke also played on the Go-Go's member Kathy Valentine's solo release Light Years in 2005. Burke recorded and toured with Dramarama from Wayne, New Jersey and Los Angeles on their 1993 album Hi-Fi Sci-Fi. Burke was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2006 as a member of Blondie.

In 2007, Burke joined Slinky Vagabond with David Bowie guitarist Earl Slick, Glen Matlock, and Keanan Duffty playing their debut concert at the Joey Ramone Birthday Bash in May 2007. He is also a member of Magic Christian (Dirty Water Records), along with Flamin' Groovies guitarist Cyril Jordan (on guitar) and Plimsouls lead guitarist Eddie Munoz (on bass), and toured several times as drummer with the Hugh Cornwell Band. Burke played 90-minute sets at 100 concerts in a year and in 2008 it was reported that he had taken part in an 8-year study that analysed the physical and psychological effects of drumming and the stamina required by professional drummers, conducted jointly by the University of Gloucestershire and the University of Chichester. In July 2011, Burke received an honorary doctorate from the University of Gloucestershire, as a result of the drumming project. In December 2011 he formed the band the International Swingers with Sex Pistols bass player Glen Matlock, guitarist James Stevenson of Generation X and singer Gary Twinn of Supernaut. About the same time he became a founding member of the Split Squad, participating in tours, appearances at SXSW festivals, and in the recording of the album, Now Hear This..., released in January 2014.

In April 2013, Burke appeared on the Little Steven song "All I Needed Was You" along with Scott Kempner, Barry Goldberg, Gregg Sutton and Tom Jr Morgan on the Carla Olson album Have Harmony, Will Travel. In 2014, Burke was a founding member of the Empty Hearts. The group recorded on 429 Records and his bandmates included the Romantics guitarist and vocalist Wally Palmar, the Chesterfield Kings bassist Andy Babiuk, the Cars guitarist Elliot Easton, and Small Faces and Faces pianist Ian McLagan. The band's self-titled first album was released August 5, 2014, and produced by Ed Stasium.

In 2015, via PledgeMusic, the band The International Swingers raised the money to record their first full-length self-titled album, The International Swingers (originally under the working title Whatever Works Now). The album was recorded at Studio 606 in LA which is owned by the Foo Fighters. It was then mixed by Peter Walsh who has worked with Simple Minds, Pulp and most recently Scott Walker.

In 2017 Burke played dates as a member of L.A.M.F., a Johnny Thunders tribute also featuring Walter Lure, Mike Ness, and Glen Matlock. The reunion shows in New York took place at the Bowery Electric in Manhattan on November 15 and 16 2016 (without Glen Matlock), and were recorded for the release on an album released on Jungle Records in December 2017.

In 2019 Burke played with Blondie tribute act Bootleg Blondie.

In December 2021, Burke filled in on drums for Gina Schock during The Go-Go's show at the Whisky a Go Go to celebrate their recent induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

In 2008, Burke founded the Clem Burke Drumming project to investigate the physical and mental-health benefits of drumming.

Discography
NOTE: This list includes albums in which Clem Burke was a band member or the featured drummer.

 * With Blondie
 * Blondie (1976)
 * Plastic Letters (1977)
 * Parallel Lines (1978)
 * Eat to the Beat (1979)
 * Autoamerican (1980)
 * The Hunter (1982)
 * No Exit (1999)
 * The Curse of Blondie (2003)
 * Panic of Girls (2011)
 * Ghosts of Download (2014)
 * Pollinator (2017)
 * With The Adult Net
 * The Honey Tangle (1989)
 * With BP Fallon & The Bandits
 * Still Legal (2013)
 * With Carla Olson
 * Have Harmony, Will Travel (2013)
 * With Chequered Past
 * Chequered Past (1984)
 * With The Delphines
 * The Delphines (1996)
 * With Dramarama
 * Hi-Fi Sci-Fi (1993)
 * With The Empty Hearts
 * The Empty Hearts (2014)
 * The Second Album (2020)
 * With Eurythmics
 * In the Garden (1981)
 * Revenge (1986)
 * With Iggy Pop
 * Zombie Birdhouse (1982)
 * With The International Swingers
 * The International Swingers (2015)
 * With Jimmy Destri
 * Heart on a Wall (1981)
 * With Kathy Valentine
 * Light Years (2005)
 * With Magic Christian
 * Evolver (2009)
 * With Mark Owen
 * Green Man (1996)
 * With Miss Derringer
 * Lullabies (2006)
 * With Pete Townshend
 * White City: A Novel (1985)
 * With The Plimsouls
 * Kool Trash (1998)
 * With The Romantics
 * Made in Detroit (1993)
 * 61/49 (2003)
 * With The 69 Cats
 * Transylvanian Tapes (2014)
 * With The Split Squad
 * Now Hear This... (2014)
 * With Walter Lure
 * L.A.M.F. Live At The Bowery Electric (2017)

title: Clem Burke


text:
Air Gallantry Cross

The Vietnam Air Gallantry Cross (Phi-Dũng Bội-Tinh) was a military decoration of South Vietnam which was issued during the years of the Vietnam War. The Air Gallantry Cross was awarded for meritorious or heroic conduct while engaged in aerial combat. The decoration was comparable to the United States decoration of the Air Medal.

The Air Gallantry Cross was occasionally awarded to members of foreign militaries, but only if an air combat action was performed which directly benefitted Vietnamese war efforts. Pilots of the United States Air Force were often awarded the Air Gallantry Cross.

Separate decorations, known as the Vietnam Gallantry Cross and Vietnam Navy Gallantry Cross, were also issued for general service and naval achievement. These were separate awards from the Vietnam Air Gallantry Cross which came in three different grades: with gold wings, silver wings, and bronze wings.

Recipients

 * Daniel Brandenstein
 * Robin Olds
 * George B. Simler

title: Air Gallantry Cross


text:
Ricker wavelet

In mathematics and numerical analysis, the Ricker wavelet
 * $$\psi(t) = \frac{2}{\sqrt{3\sigma}\pi^{1/4}} \left(1 - \left(\frac{t}{\sigma}\right)^2 \right) e^{-\frac{t^2}{2\sigma^2}}$$

is the negative normalized second derivative of a Gaussian function, i.e., up to scale and normalization, the second Hermite function. It is a special case of the family of continuous wavelets (wavelets used in a continuous wavelet transform) known as Hermitian wavelets. The Ricker wavelet is frequently employed to model seismic data, and as a broad-spectrum source term in computational electrodynamics. It is usually only referred to as the Mexican hat wavelet in the Americas, due to taking the shape of a sombrero when used as a 2D image processing kernel. It is also known as the Marr wavelet for David Marr.

\psi(x,y) = \frac{1}{\pi\sigma^4}\left(1-\frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{x^2+y^2}{\sigma^2}\right)\right) e^{-\frac{x^2+y^2}{2\sigma^2}} $$ The multidimensional generalization of this wavelet is called the Laplacian of Gaussian function. In practice, this wavelet is sometimes approximated by the difference of Gaussians (DoG) function, because the DoG is separable and can therefore save considerable computation time in two or more dimensions. The scale normalized Laplacian (in $$L_1$$-norm) is frequently used as a blob detector and for automatic scale selection in computer vision applications; see Laplacian of Gaussian and scale space. The relation between this Laplacian of the Gaussian operator and the difference-of-Gaussians operator is explained in appendix A in Lindeberg (2015). The Mexican hat wavelet can also be approximated by derivatives of cardinal B-splines.

title: Ricker wavelet


text:
List of Uranus-crossing minor planets

A Uranus-crosser is a minor planet whose orbit crosses that of Uranus. The numbered Uranus-crossers (as of 2005) are listed below. Most, if not all, are centaurs.

Notes: † inner-grazer; ‡ outer-grazer

 * 2060 Chiron †
 * 5145 Pholus
 * 5335 Damocles
 * 7066 Nessus
 * 8405 Asbolus
 * 10199 Chariklo †
 * 10370 Hylonome ‡
 * 20461 Dioretsa
 * (29981) 1999 TD10
 * 42355 Typhon
 * (44594) 1999 OX3
 * 49036 Pelion
 * 52975 Cyllarus
 * 54598 Bienor †
 * 55576 Amycus
 * (65407) 2002 RP120
 * 65489 Ceto
 * (73480) 2002 PN34
 * 83982 Crantor
 * (87555) 2000 QB243
 * (88269) 2001 KF77 ‡
 * (95626) 2002 GZ32

title: List of Uranus-crossing minor planets


text:
File:Sandra Bernhard Bad Behaviour Cover.jpg

Summary
Cover of the Sandra Bernhard album Excuses For Bad Behaviour (Part One).


text:
Category:Pharmacies

A pharmacy, drug store, chemist or apothecary is a store where medicine is dispensed.

title: Category:Pharmacies


text:
List of Neptune-crossing minor planets

A Neptune-crosser is a minor planet whose orbit crosses that of Neptune. The dwarf planet Pluto is the most massive example of this class of object. The known numbered Neptune-crossers (as of 2005) are:

Notes: ‡ outer-grazer † 134340 Pluto was known at this time but not numbered

 * 5145 Pholus
 * 7066 Nessus
 * 10370 Hylonome
 * (15788) 1993 SB
 * (15820) 1994 TB
 * (15875) 1996 TP66
 * (19299) 1996 SZ4
 * (20161) 1996 TR66
 * 20461 Dioretsa
 * (26308) 1998 SM165 ‡
 * 28978 Ixion ‡
 * (29981) 1999 TD10
 * (32929) 1995 QY9
 * (33128) 1998 BU48
 * (33340) 1998 VG44
 * 38628 Huya
 * 42355 Typhon
 * (44594) 1999 OX3
 * (47932) 2000 GN171
 * 52975 Cyllarus
 * (54520) 2000 PJ30
 * 55576 Amycus
 * (55638) 2002 VE95
 * (60608) 2000 EE173
 * (65407) 2002 RP120
 * 65489 Ceto
 * (73480) 2002 PN34
 * (78799) 2002 XW93
 * (84719) 2002 VR128
 * (87269) 2000 OO67
 * (87555) 2000 QB243
 * (88269) 2001 KF77
 * (134340) Pluto †

title: List of Neptune-crossing minor planets


text:
User:Kenwarren/nothelpful

The contributions you are making are not helpful. Please bear this in mind before making further edits. If you would like to experiment, please use the Sandbox. - Kenwarren 03:05, Jul 26, 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Kenwarren/nothelpful


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Enjoy Incubus

Fron Cleanup since June 9. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. 03:00, Jul 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: It's an album.  I know people write album articles.  I don't think they ought to, unless it's a landmark album.  This is not a landmark album. Geogre 03:06, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Just to be clear for all those wanting to keep it, it's an ep. EP's are usually listed in the "singles" sections of discographies.  Secondly, the article was on Clean Up since June 9th.  Third, for being such a famous band (and it is), none of its fans improved it in that month.  Fourth, although there are many, many album articles, previous mistakes do not automatically justify a new one.  Landmark albums and albums that people will search for without knowing the band are great keeps.  EP's that aren't generally known to the band's fans?  Since the CD, EP's have largely gone the way of the dinosaur. Geogre 19:52, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, I don't think it would be a good idea to open the can of worms of judging every album article on Wikipedia as either "a landmark album" or "deletion fodder". —Stormie 03:57, Jul 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, its not even an album its an ep. Not a "landmark album" not a "landmark band" not even the most notable commercially or critically that this band has produced. Anyway this isnt the Utimate Band List, surely a Discography at the bottom of every band article rather than a seperate entry for each album ep or single release would be better suited to Wikipedia? --Sideshow 05:21, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, Incubus is famous, it makes sense to have articles on their albums. People want to know about this stuff. Makes little difference that it's an EP. Everyking 11:37, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Gamaliel 15:57, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete unless somebody can add something substantial about the album's historical/cultural/artistic significance. As it stands, it's barely more than a track listing, and an encylopedia isn't the right place for track listings.  The band's official web site is. Triskaideka 16:04, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, perfectly acceptable album stub. Jgm 17:44, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Fancruft. Delete. Wile E. Heresiarch 00:34, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Incubus is a famous band. There are many less famous bands who have all of their albums in the Wikipedia. This just needs cleanup, it shouldn't be deleted because it's a stub. As for whether albums should be on Wikipedia at all, there's a WikiProject Albums, so I think they're here to stay. - Eisnel 07:10, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, album is probably encyclopedia-worthy even if current article is just a stub. -- Jmabel 00:46, Jul 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, IMHO albums are encyclopedia-worthy - singles or individual tracks aren't. -- Chuq 08:01, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and send to cleanup. There are probably a number of Incubus fans who can fill in the blanks as to history and such beyond the release date and label.  We should reconsider a delete vote if it doesn't improve in the next month or two, but it's pretty harmless as is. - Lucky 6.9 21:41, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)


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Hermitian wavelet

Hermitian wavelets are a family of discrete and continuous wavelets used in the continuous and discrete Hermite wavelet transform. The $$n^\textrm{th}$$ Hermitian wavelet is defined as the $$n^\textrm{th}$$ derivative of a Gaussian distribution for each positive $$n$$: $$\Psi_{n}(x)=(2n)^{-\frac{n}{2}}c_{n}\operatorname{He}_{n}\left(x\right)e^{-\frac{1}{2}x^{2}}, $$where in this case the (probabilist) Hermite polynomial $$\operatorname{He}_{n}(x)$$ can be considered.

The normalization coefficient $$c_{n}$$ is given by$$c_{n} = \left(n^{\frac{1}{2}-n}\Gamma\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)^{-\frac{1}{2}} = \left(n^{\frac{1}{2}-n}\sqrt{\pi}2^{-n}(2n-1)!!\right)^{-\frac{1}{2}}\quad n\in\mathbb{N}.$$The function $$\Psi\in L_{\rho, \mu}(-\infty, \infty)$$ is said to be an admissible Hermite wavelet if it satisfies the admissibility relation:

$$C_\Psi = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}{\frac{\|\hat\Psi (n)\|^2}{\|n\|}} < \infty$$

where $$\hat \Psi (n)$$ is the Hermite transform of $$\Psi$$.

The perfector $$C_{\Psi}$$ in the resolution of the identity of the continuous wavelet transform for this wavelet is given by the formula$$C_{\Psi}=\frac{4\pi n}{2n-1}.$$In computer vision and image processing, Gaussian derivative operators of different orders are frequently used as a basis for expressing various types of visual operations; see scale space and N-jet.

Examples
The first three derivatives of the Gaussian function with $$\mu=0,\;\sigma=1$$:$$f(t) = \pi^{-1/4}e^{(-t^2/2)},$$are:$$\begin{align} f'(t) & = -\pi^{-1/4}te^{(-t^2/2)}, \\ f''(t)         & = \pi^{-1/4}(t^2 - 1)e^{(-t^2/2)},\\ f^{(3)}(t) & = \pi^{-1/4}(3t - t^3)e^{(-t^2/2)}, \end{align}$$and their $$L^2$$ norms $$\lVert f' \rVert=\sqrt{2}/2, \lVert f'' \rVert=\sqrt{3}/2, \lVert f^{(3)} \rVert= \sqrt{30}/4$$.

Normalizing the derivatives yields three Hermitian wavelets:$$\begin{align} \Psi_{1}(t) &= \sqrt{2}\pi^{-1/4}te^{(-t^2/2)},\\ \Psi_{2}(t) &=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{3}\pi^{-1/4}(1-t^2)e^{(-t^2/2)},\\ \Psi_{3}(t) &= \frac{2}{15}\sqrt{30}\pi^{-1/4}(t^3 - 3t)e^{(-t^2/2)}. \end{align}$$

title: Hermitian wavelet