text:
Talk:Gullveig

Potential connections to Freyja
So, do all these below have anything to do with "Freyja is related to Gullveig" beside that they both practice seið?? Why Frigg's adultery and Aurboda and stuffs are under "Potential connections to Freyja"?? This section is absurd and need to be rewritten. Please. 222.252.231.117 13:27, 5 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I've since clarified this section of the article to be more understandable but it is probably not enough to remove the tag at the moment. I can say, however, that this theory is pretty common. bloodofox: 11:23, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

This is pretty stupid. Freyja is Gullveig because they are Vanir and they practice magic and related to wealth? All Vanir practice magic and related to wealth as far as I know. With this logic: John and I are both English and we both speak English and we both like soccer, then I am John?? Those people who wrote about Paganism tend to make-it-up. They just got a story written somewhere, and they never care about who wrote it, when was it written and they take over other people's ideas and change their ideas into "facts". 123.19.43.193 (talk) 16:42, 12 February 2008 (UTC) --- I agree, but sadly it is a trend to over associate mythical figures amongst modern scholars 209.247.21.199 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 20:42, 16 September 2009 (UTC).

NPOV
An anonymous users (probably a single user with a shifting IP) who keep reverting back the page to their edit that attempts to debunk Turville-Petre's notion of Freyja potentially being the same figure as Gullveig at one point in time. There are many connections and Turville-Petre's background makes him quite qualified for such a claim but despite this he is called "Just an American" in one edit summary by IP 222.252.224.167.

The problem here is that select quotes from the Edda are being used to promote an opinion solely based off of the Eddas. The Eddas are nothing more than a collection of riddles. The Germanic deities were never static, they've changed a lot, with some permanent characteristics. The Eddas are only then-contemporary tellings of much older stories with likely very different content, much of it very likely censored by Snorri. See anything in the Eddas about Freyr's erect phallus? Just an example.

As Haukurth and I have said before, this is a violation of Wikipedia's NPOV policy and should not be allowed to stand. Please refrain from adding this back in its current form or it will be reverted. If you want to add a challenge to Turville-Petre's theory - and the many that support it - you're going to need to directly quote the challenge and not create it yourself here. bloodofox: 18:06, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

 * The Eddas are nothing more than a collection of riddles. The Germanic deities were never static, they've changed a lot, with some permanent characteristics. The Eddas are only then-contemporary tellings of much older stories with likely very different content, much of it very likely censored by Snorri. ? Now, that's YOUR POV. How do you know Adam of Bremen is correct and Snorri is not? Adam is a Christian bishop. He claimed that he knew it in his book, but that book only has around 10 lines about pagan deities, right?

 * Freyja burned 3 times and still alive, fair and sound -> she is the most powerful Norse deity. See Odin's death, Freyr's death, Baldur's death, Thor's death, Tyr's wound, Tyr's death, Loki's death, Heimdall's death.

 * No matter what you say, the Eddas are the primary source of Norse Mythology. See what written in Norse Mythology article: "most knowledge about Norse mythology is from the Eddas". No one can argue that. Edits which are cited and perfectly sourced are not original researches. The Prose Edda and the Poetic Edda are the main sources of Norse Mythology. Turville-Petre just read the Eddas. He lived in 20th century in England. How else did he know about Scandinavian and Germanic mythology. Without him, Norse Mythology is still Norse Mythology. Without Snorri and his Prose Edda, there is no Norse Mythology.

 * The Edda is just... ?? Just what? Almost everything known about Norse Mythology is from the Eddas. Turville-Petre studied THE EDDAS!!

 * Edits with perfect Citations and perfectly sourced are NOT original researches. You are the one abusing your powers. When did anyone make 3 reverts in a day? You are abusing your powers to protect your point of view, deleting well-sourced informations, and threatening to ban people who contributed a lot to the Norse Mythology articles. It has nothing to do with me, but please be careful with what you say.

 * And please correct me if I am wrong, but don't pretend like you care, user Blood of ox, this article was a complete mess, and no one cared until that person 222.252.231.117 came. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 222.252.231.207 (talk) 09:35, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

 * The Eddas are simply a part of a much larger whole. Norse polytheism is simply a branch of Germanic polytheism. The Eddas are not cohesive, nor were they a standard at any point. They are simply a collection of songs and prose. That is extremely important to understand.

 * Just as important, while the Eddas are an interesting source of information and one of the most complete to survive (although bearing the mark of the Christian era in terms of heavy censorship - a pretty obvious fact; take the case of Freyr or Odin as some of the most clear examples) there are numerous other means of deducing what exactly existed and what did not prior to the Eddas, though only to a limited extent. Runic inscriptions, etymology, place names, artifacts, surviving fragments of poems and little bits of texts that slipped through the Christian flames over the years, not to mention the writings of Tacticus (Germania (book))and Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum. It would be wise of you to take in the whole picture rather than taking the Eddas as a complete picture, which they are not.

 * What you don't seem to be grasping here is that Turville-Petre commented on the possibility that Gullveig was simply Freyja under a different name. Why? There are many connections and, of course, deities in Germanic polytheism split into various names and varying personalities throughout the tales - this is even pretty obvious in the Eddas themselves.

 * But why can't you use Snorri as a battering ram against Turville-Petre? Simply because this would qualify as Original Research. You need to cite a source claiming there is a problem with a theory, you can't just develop your own through Snorri's texts. Until then, you're going to just keep getting reverted by various editors for the very same reason until an administrator steps in. bloodofox: 12:48, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Saxo, Adam of Bremen wrote nothing about ""Gullveig is Freyja". Their writings are very small parts in Norse Mythology. Don't bring them here. There's no mentioning of Turville-Petre in the edits. No one is using anyone to ram anyone. No one gave a darn about Turville-Petre. People studied [{Snorri]] and the Eddas, no one studied the book of a man who lived England in 20th century like Turville-Petre. Only you are bashing the Eddas and the greatest source of the subject, while around 90% knowledges about Norse Mythology are in the Eddas.

 * The arguements in the "Turville-Petre's hypothesis" all quoted Snorri's Edda and Snorri's Sagas (with one thing made up by Turville-Petre), why do you bashed Snorri and the Eddas? "Cried golden tears?" In Snorri's Edda. "Have two daughters named treasures"? Snorri's Edda. "Seid, Magic?" Snorri's sagas. Snorri's Edda. ""Different names?" Snorri's Edda. "Gullveig?" In the Eddas. Freyja herself was mentioned just a few lines after the part of Gullveig in the same poem.

 * About the edits, they are all facts from the Eddas, primary source of Norse Mythology. Gullveig only appeared in the Eddas, and the whole article is quoting the Eddas. They are facts and useful informations that people may want to know. Keep up your repeative Vandalisms and abuse your power if you want. Just don't threaten or accuse people wrongly.

 * I am contributing knowledges to help Wikipedia. You are the ones who are here for a very long time, but were too busy playing your "moderator" game and never added anything or bothered to clean up this article, although it was a real mess. 222.252.228.191 08:45, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Despite your attacks on scholars such as Turville-Petre, you don't seem to understand the point. When you make a claim or add information, the claim itself has to be referenced. You cannot just take random quotes from the Eddas and other writers and frame your own opinion or an "alternative" opinion with this - it has to be directly stated by the reference. That is why Turville-Petre's theory is okay but not what you've posted in "response" to it below it. Otherwise, you're simply taking quotes out of context in an attempt to frame your opinion, which is a violating of a few Wikipedia policies, such as WP:NPOV and WP:NOR.

 * Again, Snorri's Edda is the source being critiqued by Turville-Petre here. You may disagree, I may disagree, everyone may disagree but you're going to need to find a direct disagreement, not attempting to research why he may be wrong with Eddic quotations. Again, why? Wikipedia does not allow Original Research.

 * I would also recommend you take a look at WP:Vandalism. Your definition of vandalism seems to mean anyone who reverts your edits or makes a change you dislike, which isn't Wikipedia's definition.

 * In the mean time, please spare me the jabs and complaints. bloodofox: 13:19, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Bah. It's not "Turville-Petre's hypothesis" to begin with. The idea came from Müllenhoff's edition of the Poetic Edda. Turville-Petre just adopted the idea. They are facts from the primary sources of Norse Mythology. They are not original research or personal essay.

 * Again, your definition of WP:NPOV and WP:NOR seems to mean anyone who adds information that you dislike, which isn't Wikipedia's definition. You are clearly committing WP:Vandalism and abusing your power.

 * In the mean time, please spare me the jabs and complaints. 222.252.231.194 10:45, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

My problem is: I am sick with you so-called wiki editors. You, for example, claimed to be an Icelander. Knew that the "goddess is prostitute" is from a later source, but never tried to cite that information. You instead are always ready to accuse people's entries for being personal essay and original research just because you don't like it, although it is super well-sourced.203.210.241.204 12:21, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * It's a cooperative project. If you're ever going to get anywhere here you have to learn to cooperate with other editors. That entails assuming good faith towards them. For example you should assume that if I say I am an Icelander then I am indeed an Icelander. You should also assume that if there is some particular problem which I've never fixed then there aren't any nefarious reasons for that - just ordinary ones. Maybe I never noticed it. Maybe I thought it would be hard to fix. Maybe I just preferred to spend my time on something else for no particular reason. It's a volunteer project - people work on what they want to work on. Haukur 12:32, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Then do not abus your powers to delete and cover up entries you disagree with, discounting objective facts and labeling such users as "vandals": http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Wikipedia#Abuse_of_power 222.252.229.140 07:33, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Oh, I thought you said you'd left. You should try to put your criticism into your own words rather than quoting the same Urban Dictionary sentence over and over again. I have never yet called you a vandal. I have not abused any 'powers'. I could have blocked you, blanket-reverted everything you do, protected pages so that you can't edit them etc. but I haven't. If you drop the persecution complex and hyperbolic accusations you'll have much better luck getting some work done around here. Haukur 08:15, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Did I say I left? Maybe that person left for yesterday =P.

 * Then do not abus your powers to delete and cover up entries you disagree with, discounting objective facts and labeling such users as "original research" and "personal essay"

 * ^ how 'bout that? 222.254.113.176 11:16, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

 * What powers? The only 'power' I've used is editing pages, something any person in the world can do. If you are to get anywhere you need to convince people of the merits of your version and be willing to compromise to make mutually acceptable versions. Haukur 11:27, 12 September 2007 (UTC)
 * User Ox threatened to block and ban quite a few times. Reverting many edits at once is a 'power', I guess.

Rydberg's multiple identifications are generally not accepted by later scholars. is original research and personal essay. Why didn't you care about that? 222.252.229.35 11:41, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

 * You are mistaken. I have made no such threats nor do I have the ability to block or ban anyone. You are also making a complete mess out of this talk page. If you want any chance being understood or this text to even be seen, try to keep it in a single place and properly format your responses. bloodofox: 12:28, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

OK. So how about all of us gather here and give each other a big hug? 222, rally!! 222.252.230.6 08:47, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Hold up. Please do not engage in personal attacks during disputes over content. This page is about making the article better-- not the authors. I implore everyone that worst case, as the saying goes, "if you don't have something nice to say, don't say it at all say it in the most polite way possible while avoiding personal attacks." ... well, at least, it goes something like that. :P Anyway, just try to keep a cool head and be sure to follow the list of policies if at all possible, and chances are we'll reach a favorable consensus along the way. Cheers =) -- slakr  \ talk / 03:12, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Abusing Power
Some wikipedia editors had been abusing their power and deleting informations which are well-sourced to protect their POV and original researches.

Norse Mythology is a Scandinavian religion, but they used 2nd-rate sources written by american and english authors, who just read the Eddas and added their comments (even altered and invented myths). These editors even bashed Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda and the Elder Edda as nothing, whereas almost everything known about this subject is from the Eddas. Voluspa is also from the Elder Edda.

This whole article is full of claims from modern scholars who studied the Eddas. But these editors keeep deleting the correct informations and excerpts of the primary sources of the subjects. This is exactly Vandalism.

And they are repeating it too. 222.252.231.194 10:45, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

 * See above, please refrain from fragmenting the discussion. bloodofox: 12:49, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

 * 222, you need to do the following: (1) calm down. (2) take in WP:SYN. (3) realize that you are not dealing with "vandals", but among others with one of the most respected editors on Wikipedia on Old Norse topics (I mean, who is, on top of that, himself Icelandic - if that makes you feel better re "just an American"). Calling "vandalism" when you are reverted by veteran Wikipedians just makes you look silly.
 * A detailed discussion of whatever is in the Eddas on the topic is most welcome, but what you will not be allowed to do is using such a discussion to build a private argument "debunking" other literature. --dab (𒁳) 15:56, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Only you respected him, Ox, because you so-called wiki editors are all in the same gang, and always protect others. You are the one looking silly for bashing Snorri Sturluson's Edda, whereas everything in your Turville-Petre's hypothesis is quoted from it. For Haukurth, who claimed himself to be a christian Icelandic, but if he agreed with you, Ox, that the Eddas are nothing, then he is nobody as well. 10:13, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I have certainly "claimed" to be Icelandic - not that you have to defer to me because of that - but I don't recall "claiming" to be a Christian. In any case your edits are slowly getting closer to being acceptable. Haukur 10:23, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * You are heathen, then. And as I said, I wasted my time here just to add useful informations to help wikipedia. I am certainly a much better person than you so-called wiki editors who never tried to add anything, but are always ready to pop up and accuse facts from the main source of the subject to be personal essay and original research. 203.210.241.204 10:30, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, virtue is its own reward, isn't it? I guess you'll just have to be content with being a much better person than we so-called editors are. Haukur 10:34, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * And you so-called editors will certainly be content with backing each other up in accusing facts from the main source of the subject to be personal essay and original research. 203.210.241.204 10:47, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * You've got to learn to differentiate between sources X and Y and your interpretation of sources X and Y. You also need to learn the generic (bland, dry, noncommittal) Wikipedia writing style. You've made some progress on both fronts. A good next step would be for you to get an account. Haukur 11:01, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually I am bad at memorizing IDs and Passwords, and I don't wanna deal with factions, gangs, abusing powers and other problems of wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Wikipedia#Abuse_of_power

 * See? You and your friend Ox are covering up entries you disagree with. "the moderators and owners of the site delete and cover up entries they disagree with, discounting objective facts and labeling such users as "vandals" inside the alleged collaborative structure that is really designed to have the web population do its work for them with no compensation." 203.210.241.204 11:07, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I find it amusing that you got that quote from Wikipedia which in turn got it from Urban Dictionary. It's certainly true that almost everyone works for Wikipedia without compensation. It's also certainly true that Wikipedia has many problems and, indeed, that it has factions. It's also true that in a dispute between a newcomer and an old hand other old hands will have some preconceptions about who is probably right. Still, these aren't really your fundamental problems here. You just need to figure out the way Wikipedia articles are normally written. Then you can make sure the views you hold are properly represented. As I said, you've made some progress. Haukur 11:20, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I find it amusing that you talked about how a wikipdia article should be written. I am pretty sure it's normally written like this (by your friend Ox). http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gullveig&diff=138353536&oldid=138350997

 * I am pretty sure any little kid would throw up if you show him/her that article and say that "There! That's how a wikipedia article should be normally written!". 203.210.241.204 11:31, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't get it. That seems like a good edit to me. What specifically do you think would make a little kid throw up? Haukur 11:39, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * *throws up* 203.210.241.204 11:42, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Look, I'm honestly trying to engage with you here but if that's all I'm going to get then I can't do anything for you. Haukur 11:44, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Look up. On the top of the talk page. And just between you and me, deer Haukurth, you are Icelandic, right? Turville-Petre wrote so clear in his book that your ancestors worshipped a prostitute. Is he right? The "goddess has a love for jewery so she became a prostitute for four dwarves". I hope I understood it right. I'm just a kid. I also hope you won't get angry with me, because I am not the person who wrote that. The thing here is I thought "WoW! They are the only ones who worshipped a prostitute", and "woW! She is the only goddess of prostitution in mythologies". And "she's the foremost goddess at that". And "how did these people invent a meaningless story to describe their main goddess as a prostitute?"203.210.241.204 11:48, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * (edit conflict) I have difficulty following you. Why are you so down on prostitutes? Are you referring to Sörla þáttr? That's certainly a late source so it may not be representative of pagan views of Freyja. Haukur 12:04, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * You guys think I actually care for "a murdered evil witch" is another name for "a divine prostitute" and you guys even formed a faction to delete and cover up entries they disagree with, discounting objective facts and labeling such users as "vandals" inside the alleged collaborative structure that is really designed to have the web population do its work for them with no compensation. Like I care. 203.210.241.204 12:01, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * If you can't accept that other editors are working in good faith to improve the relevant articles then it will be difficult for us to work together. Haukur 12:05, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * AH! The problem is that. You just said it. You knew that it's Sörla þáttr? That's certainly a late source so it may not be representative of pagan views of Freyja. But the fact is: It was written that "Tis goddess is a protitute" in Freyja's article as a fact, without citing any sources, so some people even insulted Snorri Sturluson, thinking that he wrote that. It was written in Sorla Pattr's article that "it borrowed the myth of Freyja's protitution", as if there was a myth like that written somewhere. And the problem is, I see you everywhere in the history of that article. You were here for a very long time, but you never bothered to add any information or citing sources. It was until someone came and rewrote those B-class articles. 203.210.241.204 12:11, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Proofs: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freyja&diff=125602257&oldid=125594220#Jewelry By YOU!

You removed someone's vandalism "Definitely not a fertility goddess", right? Why did he wrote that? Because he saw it so clear in the article that "She is a divine prostitute". Not sure if she was in heathen view, but it was written like that in the article. What did you do to correct that? And this article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyja by some one! Oh, from a B-class to a well-sourced and the best article about Freya on the net! 203.210.241.204 12:15, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, I can't be everywhere at once. I know the Freyja article has been problematic for a long time and while I've occasionally made some efforts to improve it I've spent most of my efforts elsewhere (see e.g. Freyr, Höðr or Ullr). Haukur 12:19, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * YOU were busy supporting a mother****** called luckynumber47 or something in attacking some people. I know. I saw it in the talkpage. 203.210.241.204 12:30, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * On what talk page did I support someone attacking someone? What are you talking about? Haukur 12:43, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Since you are open and talked to me, Haukurth, I would say that I went through hell and fought the injustice and jerks on this wikipedia just to write the right information on some articles. And why the heck should I do that? That's not my goddess. Why should I care? That's not my ancestors' mythology. Why should I care? I feel disgusted that some Scandinavian people are helping people like that luckynumber guy to keep the "sex" and "prostitution" in the article, uncited, unsourced, even though they knew where it came from (from a frickin' anti-pagan story).203.210.241.204 12:35, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

I am surprised that you "couldn't be everywhere, and couldn't rewrite that problematic article even though you knew it was a mess", but you are so quick in deleting the prefectly-sourced information that someone added in this article.

"the moderators and owners of the site delete and cover up entries they disagree with, discounting objective facts and labeling such users as "vandals" inside the alleged collaborative structure that is really designed to have the web population do its work for them with no compensation."

^EXACTLY RIGHT!!!203.210.241.204 12:47, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I've reverted your edits because they were not written from a neutral point of view and did not improve the article, not for any nefarious reason and not even because I particularly disagreed with them. I understand that this may be hard to accept. Haukur 12:54, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I think a deserve an EDitor's barnSTAR!! or whatever it is, for my contributions in the Freyja article. But instead, I was attacked for deleting stuffs in my own talkpage, because that guy had an admin backing him up. That's what wikipedia is like.

"the moderators and owners of the site delete and cover up entries they disagree with, discounting objective facts and labeling such users as "vandals" inside the alleged collaborative structure that is really designed to have the web population do its work for them with no compensation." <--- that's RIGHT!203.210.241.204 12:51, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

I can't believe you people. I am here to contribute information, but you people are here to play a game. Just attack some people for vandalism, and you'll be an editor. When you have earned some reputation, you will start to delete and cover up entries you disagree with, discounting objective facts and labeling such users as "vandals". I can't believed I was attacked for trying to add correct informations to the article of Freyja. I thought I was helping this world. Dig up the history of that page. Who tried so hard to revamp it? Someone! Who tried so hard to attack that someone? YOU. 203.210.241.204 12:55, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

You think I got money for doing this, huh? You think I got fun trying to add facts to these articles, huh? I got NOTHING but stress and headaches. *leaves*203.210.241.204 13:02, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gullveig


text:
W. R. Burnett

William Riley Burnett (November 25, 1899 – April 25, 1982) was an American novelist and screenwriter. He is best known for the crime novel Little Caesar, the film adaptation of which is considered the first of the classic American gangster movies.

Early life
Burnett was born in Springfield, Ohio, and attended Miami Military Institute in Germantown, Ohio. He left his civil service job in Springfield to move to Chicago when he was 28, by which time he had written over 100 short stories and five novels, all unpublished.

Writing career
In Chicago, Burnett found a job as a night clerk in the seedy Northmere Hotel. He found himself associating with prize fighters, hoodlums, hustlers and hobos. They inspired Little Caesar (novel 1929, film 1931). The novel's overnight success landed him a job as a Hollywood screenwriter. Little Caesar became a classic movie, produced by First National Pictures (Warner Brothers) and starring then little known Edward G. Robinson. Burnett returned to the Al Capone theme in 1932 with Scarface. He won the 1930 O. Henry Award for his short story "Dressing-Up", published in Harper's Magazine in November 1929.

Burnett published a novel or more a year and turned most into screenplays (some as many as three times). Thematically Burnett was similar to Dashiell Hammett and James M. Cain, but contrasting the corruption and corrosion of the city with the better life his characters yearned for. He portrayed characters who, for one reason or another, fell into a life of crime and were unable to climb out. They typically get one last shot at salvation but the oppressive system closes in and denies redemption.

Film work
Burnett wrote for many of the great actors and directors, including Raoul Walsh, John Huston, John Ford, Howard Hawks, Nicholas Ray, Douglas Sirk, and Michael Cimino, John Wayne (The Dark Command), Humphrey Bogart, Ida Lupino, Paul Muni, Frank Sinatra, Marilyn Monroe, Steve McQueen and Clint Eastwood. He received an Oscar nomination for his script for Wake Island (1942) and a Writers Guild nomination for his script for The Great Escape. In addition to his film work he also wrote scripts for television and radio.

In High Sierra (1941), Humphrey Bogart plays Roy Earle, a hard-bitten criminal who rejects his life of crime to help a sexually appealing crippled girl. In The Asphalt Jungle (1949), the most perfectly masterminded plot falls apart as each character reveals a weakness. In The Beast of the City (1932) starring Walter Huston, the police take the law into their own hands when the criminals walk free due to legal incompetence.

Later years
In later years, with his vision declining, he stopped writing and turned to promoting his earlier work. On his death in 1982, in Santa Monica, California, Burnett was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.

Critical reception
Heywood Broun described Burnett's novel Goodbye to the Past as "written with all the excitement of Little Caesar, and ten times the skill".

Novels

 * Little Caesar (Lincoln MacVeagh/The Dial Press - 1929)
 * Iron Man (Lincoln MacVeagh/The Dial Press - 1930)
 * Saint Johnson (Lincoln MacVeagh/The Dial Press - 1930)
 * The Silver Eagle (Lincoln MacVeagh/The Dial Press - 1931)
 * The Beast of the City (Grosset & Dunlap - 1932) [not properly a Burnett novel; credit on the book reads "novelized by Jack Lait, from the screen story by W.R. Burnett"; the book was published concurrently with the release of the M-G-M film, circa March 1932]
 * The Giant Swing (Harper - 1932)
 * Dark Hazard (Harper - 1933)
 * Goodbye to the Past: Scenes from the Life of William Meadows (Harper - 1934)
 * The Goodhues of Sinking Creek (Harper - 1934)
 * Dr. Socrates (O'Bryan House Publishing LLC - 2007) [Originally serialized in Colliers Weekly Magazine in 1935]
 * King Cole (Harper - 1936)
 * The Dark Command: A Kansas Iliad (Knopf - 1938)
 * High Sierra (Knopf - 1941)
 * The Quick Brown Fox (Knopf - 1943)
 * Nobody Lives Forever (Knopf - 1943)
 * Tomorrow's Another Day (Knopf - 1946)
 * Romelle (Knopf - 1947)
 * The Asphalt Jungle (Knopf - 1949)
 * Stretch Dawson (Gold Medal - 1950). The film Yellow Sky (1948) was based on an early version of the novel.
 * Little Men, Big World (Knopf - 1952)
 * Adobe Walls: A Novel of the Last Apache Rising (Knopf - 1953)
 * Vanity Row (Knopf - 1952)
 * Big Stan (Gold Medal - 1953) - written under pseudonym "John Monahan"
 * Captain Lightfoot (Knopf - 1954)
 * It's Always Four O'Clock (Random House - 1956) - written under pseudonym "James Updyke"
 * Pale Moon (Knopf - 1956)
 * Underdog (Knopf - 1957)
 * Bitter Ground (Knopf - 1958)
 * Mi Amigo: A Novel of the Southwest (Knopf - 1959)
 * Conant (Popular Library - 1961)
 * Round the Clock at Volari's (Gold Medal - 1961)
 * The Goldseekers (Doubleday - 1962)
 * The Widow Barony (Macdonald - 1962)
 * The Abilene Samson (Pocket Books - 1963)
 * Sergeants 3 (Pocket Books - 1963)
 * The Roar of the Crowd: Conversations with an Ex-Big-Leaguer (C.N. Potter - 1964)
 * The Winning of Mickey Free (Bantam Pathfinder - 1965)
 * The Cool Man (Gold Medal - 1968)
 * Good-bye, Chicago: 1928: End of an Era (St. Martin's - 1981)

Short stories

 * Round Trip (1929)
 * Dressing-Up (1930)
 * Travelling Light (1935)
 * Vanishing Act (1955)

Filmography

 * Little Caesar (1930) - script
 * The Finger Points (1931) - script
 * Iron Man (1931) - based on novel
 * Law and Order (1932) - based on novel Saint Johnson
 * Beast of the City (1932) - script
 * Scarface (1932) - script
 * Dark Hazard (1934) - based on novel
 * The Whole Town's Talking (1935) - script and based on short story "Jail Break"
 * Dr. Socrates (1935) - based on short story
 * 36 Hours to Kill (1936) - based on short story "Across the Aisle"
 * Wine, Women and Horses (1937) - based on novel "Dark Hazard"
 * Wild West Days (1937) - from novel Saint Johnson
 * Some Blondes Are Dangerous (1937) - based on novel Iron Man
 * King of the Underworld (1939) - based on short story "Dr Socrates"
 * The Westerner (1940) - uncredited contribution
 * The Dark Command (1940) - from his novel
 * Law and Order (1940) - from his novel
 * High Sierra (1941) - novel, co-script
 * The Get-Away (1941) - script
 * Dance Hall (1941) - from his novel The Giant Swing
 * This Gun for Hire (1942) - script
 * Bullet Scars (1942) - uncredited remake of "Dr Socrates"
 * Wake Island (1942) - script
 * Crash Dive (1943) - story
 * Action in the North Atlantic (1943) - script
 * Background to Danger (1943) - script
 * San Antonio (1945) - story, script
 * Nobody Lives Forever (1946) - based on novel, script
 * The Man I Love (1946) - uncredited contribution to script
 * Belle Starr's Daughter (1948) - story, script
 * Yellow Sky (1948) - based on novel
 * Colorado Territory (1950) - uncredited remake of High Sierra
 * The Asphalt Jungle (1950) - based on novel, uncredited contribution
 * Iron Man (1951) - based on novel
 * The Racket (1951) - script
 * Vendetta (1951) - script
 * Law and Order (1953) - based on novel Saint Johnson
 * Arrowhead (1953) - based on novel
 * Dangerous Mission (1954) - script
 * Night People (1954) - uncredited contribution to script
 * Captain Lightfoot (1955) - based on novel, script
 * Illegal (1955) - script
 * I Died a Thousand Times (1956) - based on novel High Sierra, script
 * Accused of Murder (1957) - based on novel Vanity Row, script
 * Short Cut to Hell (1957) - remake of This Gun for Hire
 * The Badlanders (1958) - based on novel The Asphalt Jungle
 * The Hangman (1959) - uncredited contribution to script
 * September Storm (1960) - script
 * The Asphalt Jungle, television series, 13 episodes (1961) - scripts
 * The Lawbreakers (1961) - script
 * Sergeants Three (1962) - story, script
 * Cairo (1963) - from novel The Asphalt Jungle
 * The Great Escape (1963) - script
 * Four for Texas (1963) - uncredited contribution to script
 * The Jackals (1967) - remake of Yellow Sky
 * Ice Station Zebra (1968) - uncredited contribution to script
 * Stiletto (1969) - uncredited contribution to script
 * Cool Breeze (1972) - from novel The Asphalt Jungle

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: W. R. Burnett


text:
Category:Utopian fiction

Utopian fiction is the creation of an ideal world as the setting for a novel. Utopias are commonly found in science fiction novels and stories.

title: Category:Utopian fiction


text:
Talk:Chicken hypnotism

Comment
My dad used to do this. - Ta bu shi da yu 04:13, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I mention a related matter in passing on my own web site, -- Jmabel 03:56, Sep 25, 2004 (UTC)

Are there any citations for the claims that Hellmut Kohl and Al Gore have hypnotized chickens? If this weren't from someone who has made good edits elsewhere, I would suspect vandalism; as it is, I'll tentatively assume the contributor knows what he/she is talking about, but would like to know where the information comes from. -- Jmabel | Talk 01:51, July 27, 2005 (UTC)

Apologies for the lack of clarity; rather than dump all the info here, I have put it into the relevant biogs. Perhaps it should be the other way about? The Helmut Kohl info comes from Stern magazine (13 Sept 1996, so no online ref), and I put it here. The Gore stuff comes from here -- although I couldn't find it yesterday, but have just located it, hurrah. So, I'll hold off on adding it to an article till I get an answer on where you think it ought to go. In case you're wondering, I don't know of any other ex-statesmen who have hypnotised chickens, but that might be because they (rather sensibly, perhaps) keep quiet about it... Garrick92 11:42, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Just added some *more* stuff wot I found. Stop me before I strike again ... Garrick92 12:27, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

cleaned up?
I came to this from the old-articles-needing-cleanup page and threw out everything that looked squirrely, third-hand, and a joke. The article sounded more like a nudge-nudge-wink-wink college newspaper column than an encyclopedia article. Perhaps I went too far removing the Helmut Kohl and Albert Gore stuff, but "famous people have done this, honest" doesn't seem terribly encyclopedia-ic. - DavidWBrooks 17:18, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * David's edit. I think that anyone looking up chicken hypnotism would have been interested in plenty of what he removed, but this is pretty low on my priority list, so I'm just leaving a note. -- Jmabel | Talk 21:06, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree, but then I would, wouldn't I? I'm also nonplussed by your removal of the Iggy Pop ref. The Gore stuff, I think, also belonged in the article: it quoted Gore himself, and gave an alternate method of hypnotism to the one described. The Kohl one, similarly, came from his sister interviewed in a reputable journal.

 * Characterising these bits as 'famous people have done this, honest' is narrowminded, petty, and silly. Perhaps you ought to take out the Kircher bit, because that could be 'Famous people have written about this, honest'.

 * Oh, hang on, is the Iggy Pop bit gone because it comes under 'Famous people have sung about this, honest'?

 * I honestly despair of the self-appointed Wikipedia Gods. Nuff said.

 * Garrick92 17:49, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Then, why not replace those parts that you think deserve to be here, generating well-written, cogent summaries which even a grump like me couldn't object to! As I noted, I may have gone too far; imperfection is possible. - DavidWBrooks 18:12, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I restored the mentions of Kohl and Gore, since I think this topic sounds like an urban legend, and the notable people mentioning how to do it - particularly the link to the Gore story - lend credulity to the article and may reduce the number of people who reject the topic out of hand. Tempshill 21:45, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Crocodile/alligator charming
Isn't there something similar that some people do with these creatures? I think they stroke the belly or something similar. --MacRusgail 18:20, 28 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I tend to doubt that. Before you can get close enough to do that, you have other things on your mind than that, I guess. Too bad we cant ask Steve Irwin anymore. - Redmess 08:23, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Not Hypnosis?
This is NOT hypnosis! It is a case of the chicken feigning death, similar to a turtle moving into its shell, or a deer freezing from a spotlight. Hypnosis is a completely different state of the mind.

If I had time to find sources to cite this, I would. But hopefully some future editor who sees this will take the time out of their day to grab the sources needed to verify what I've just said. Regardless, I am editing the entry to reflect this information, as I know it to be true. — Eric Herboso 16:47, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I've removed your statement, only because it's so very strong (basically, it says that most people's understanding is in error) that it needs sourcing before we include it. I hope somebody finds a source for the material, though, because it's fascinating. - DavidWBrooks 20:12, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

 * .:sigh:. Okay, I did a quick search on google for "tonic immobility chicken" and got thousands of hits.  The top entry is here, though many others follow.  In the article I quoted, some demented researcher proved that chickens are more apt to go into this paralysis if they have lesions.  In other words, he beat a bunch of chickens and retested the 'tonic immobility' only to find they stayed in that state for longer periods of time.  Which is further evidence that it is just a weak attempt at feigning death when afraid of being killed.  As a vegetarian and animal rights activist, I HATE the idea of giving hits to this paper, because the scientist who did the work was quite sick, but since I must give references, here you go.  There are many other google hits under 'tonic immobility', as it is called in the literature.  If you feel particularly moral today, feel free to find an alternate paper to cite instead.  (My friend here says to give the guy some slack, as he was writing in the 70s, but really: can you imagine beating chickens to see if it affects how long they stay still?  That's just wrong, no matter what the year is.)  (PS: You may also want to link to tonic immobility as well.  Happy editing.)  — Eric Herboso 22:12, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I've reinstated the edit, with a reference. — Eric Herboso 15:35, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I have put the complete phrase of the reference "http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/cgi/reprint/36/3/199.pdf" "Altough some believe that the reaction may represent the prototype of human hypnosis, others hold that the resposnse may represent the terminal reaction in a series of sequentially dependent predator defenses."
 * We cannot in any case safely state that Hypnosis in man is completely unrelated to these states that could be animal prototypesof some observable behaviours.
 * —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hypno1964 (talk • contribs) 03:50, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

tone
Even this article is not a joke, it's written in a style that makes it seem silly. It needs a bit of help in that. Estridaldrea (talk) 19:20, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Great - go ahead! - DavidWBrooks (talk) 21:52, 13 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I would prefer this article to be a joke, as it's not seriously written. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.91.51.235 (talk) 08:26, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 02:31, 4 July 2008 (UTC)
 * This subject is not about food and drink, so I removed the project banner. — BarrelProof (talk) 04:29, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

The German Chancellors Chicken Hypnosis Method
In an article by Michael Ballhaus titled "Helmut war ein wilder Bub" (Helmut was a wild boy) the author cites an interview with his sister. This interview was provided to me by request to the STERN magazine and mailed to me. I cite the relevant passage:

STERN: Welche Tiere mag er besonders?

GETREY: Als Kind hat er ja mit Begeisterung Hasen gezüchtet. Seinem Lieblingshasen hat er sogar beigebracht, Männchen zu machen. Und ein Huhn hat er hypnotisiert, indem er es über einen Kreidestrich laufen ließ. Seinen Schäferhund Igo, den er als Ministerpräsident hatte, hat er abgöttisch geliebt.

which translates as:

"STERN: Which animals does he especially like?

GETREY: As a child, he loved to breed rabbits. He even taught his favourite rabbit to sit up and beg. An he hypnotized a chicken by making it walk on a line he drew with chalk. His German Shepherd Dog Igo, he had a Ministerial president...."

Now, this leaves some ambiguity, because making a chicken "walk on a line drawn with chalk" is probably NOT an effective methode to induce hypnosis. I therefore conclude that his sister simply falsely remebered the event and that Mr. Kohls preferred methode of chicken hypnosis is the classical one. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.210.203.23 (talk) 14:38, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

Pepi knows a much better way to hypnotize a chicken, which does not involve "pressing his head into the ground" but is a much more gentle exercise. No props are needed either. Does anybody else know how to do it?? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 217.113.81.153 (talk) 12:07, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

Pix or it didn't happen
Or video probably. Anyone got anything or can film anything? Dysmorodrepanis (talk) 02:00, 14 September 2010 (UTC)

Curious article
This is a curious article. I do not understand why it is called 'hypnotism' when it is clearly 'tonic immobility'. It has been used for for many years now in animal behaviour science as it indicates the level of fearfulness immediately preceeding being placed into tonic immobility. The longer the hen remains in tonic immobility, the more fearful she was prior to the induction (and this can be longer than the article states). We have used this as a tool to improve welfare by, for example, looking at tonic immobility after transport, or after being housed in different housing systems. It has been shown that the hen remains totally conscious throughout the period of immobility - which is sensible because the bird can then escape from the situation (predator) placing it in tonic immobility. I can of course provide references for these, but would rather not link science to an article describing this as 'hypnotism'.DrChrissy (talk) 17:20, 5 March 2011 (UTC)
 * You confirm that this article is bad, it appears as a fun experiment, when it can be dangerous (AND NOT A GAME!!!) for animals. Please edit this article. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.91.51.235 (talk) 08:26, 14 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Dangerous? Are there any sources that say it is dangerous to the chicken? — BarrelProof (talk) 05:05, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

History Section
Only one line in the history section is actually related to history. The alternative methods of hypnotism should be elsewhere. 121.220.199.91 (talk) 11:42, 17 June 2013 (UTC)

 * Good point - I've tweaked it a bit. - DavidWBrooks (talk) 14:20, 17 June 2013 (UTC)

No need to draw a line from its beak.
Take a chicken and lay it down on its back and hold it there for a short while (gently). As long as nothing is happening to disturb the chicken, it will lay there for some time. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.218.82.48 (talk) 03:52, 1 February 2014 (UTC)

I have removed Will Smith from this list
There's no source. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.178.113.160 (talk) 18:52, 26 September 2014 (UTC)

Animal cruelty
That's animal cruelty. Nothing in the article recommends to not use it on chicken, as animals are not toys or experiment subjects. Nothing about the risks or the inocuity of such a pratice. The form of the article is really bad. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.91.51.235 (talk) 08:24, 14 August 2020 (UTC)

 * Like it or not, animals often are experiment subjects, and chickens are commonly raised as food, housed in rather unpleasant conditions, and summarily slaughtered at will. They can also be rather brutal in their interactions with each other. But is there really any evidence that chickens are harmed by the "hypnotism"? What are these risks of which you speak? — BarrelProof (talk) 04:49, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 24 April 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: no consensus to move the page to the proposed title at this time, per the discussion below. Dekimasu よ! 05:39, 1 May 2022 (UTC)

Chicken hypnotism → Tonic immobility in chickens – As funny as the title is, "chicken hypnotism" or "chicken hypnosis" is generally not what this phenomenon is called in a scientific context, and "hypnosis" is misleading (see ); the cause is not exactly known but is probably something to do with a panic/predator response. Ovinus (talk) 05:12, 24 April 2022 (UTC) The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose Per WP:COMMONNAME. Wikipedia does not favor the scientific name, examples given are Aspirin (not: acetylsalicylic acid) and Polio (not: poliomyelitis). ᴢxᴄᴠʙɴᴍ (ᴛ) 20:47, 24 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose: The current title seems more recognizable to readers, regardless of whether it is scientifically accurate. — BarrelProof (talk) 04:39, 27 April 2022 (UTC)

রুটি পিঠা
Jjjk Asif khan efat (talk) 15:28, 19 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chicken hypnotism


text: Category:Ferrari vehicles

title: Category:Ferrari vehicles


text:
Mercury Sable

The Mercury Sable is a range of automobiles manufactured and marketed by the Mercury brand of Ford Motor Company. Introduced on December 26, 1985, as the replacement for the Mercury Marquis, the Sable marked the transition of the mid-size Mercury product range to front-wheel drive.

Over its production span, the Sable was Mercury's badge-engineered counterpart to the Ford Taurus, below the Grand Marquis in the Mercury range. From the 1986 to 2005 model years, it was produced as a mid-size four-door sedan and five-door station wagon. For 2006, the Sable was replaced by the full-size Montego and mid-size Milan. It was reintroduced for 2008 as a full-size car, offered as a four-door sedan.

Because of declining sales, the Sable was discontinued after the 2009 model year, leaving no Mercury counterpart for the sixth-generation Taurus. The final Sable was produced on May 21, 2009; in total, 2,112,374 Sables were produced during its 1985–2005 production.

Background
In early 1980, the Mercury Sable began development alongside the Ford Taurus; the $3.5 billion project would become the largest development ever undertaken by Ford at the time. Originally intended to replace its full-size and mid-size rear-wheel drive product lines (Panther and Fox platforms, respectively), the Taurus/Sable were focused toward the mid-size segment in 1981, as the company felt stabilization of gasoline prices justified the continuation of its full-size model lines. The Taurus was to replace the Ford LTD while the Sable replaced the Mercury Marquis.

While designed entirely in North America, the Taurus/Sable were designed under a similar approach as the Ford Escort, using an interdisciplinary team approach; each element of the vehicle was designed concurrently, including manufacturing and assembly. Along with input from potential buyers (in stark contrast to the Edsel), Ford used reverse engineering of competitive vehicles as a design input tool.

During the development of the Sable, Mercury had become one of the final American brands to adopt front-wheel drive into its vehicle line. In 1982, as a sedan/station wagon version of the Chevrolet Citation, General Motors produced the quartet of the Chevrolet Celebrity/Pontiac 6000/Oldsmobile Cutlass/Buick Century; a year later, Chrysler expanded its K cars into the mid-size segment with the first front-wheel-drive Chrysler New Yorker. Coinciding with the 1986 launch of the Sable, General Motors downsized Buick, Oldsmobile, and Pontiac full-size sedans to front-wheel drive, only slightly larger than the mid-size Sable.

For 1983, Mercury underwent a brand revision, with the Cougar reverting to its traditional role as a two-door personal coupe alongside the Ford Thunderbird; while retaining the same chassis underpinnings, the Thunderbird and Cougar underwent a complete exterior redesign, becoming the first Ford cars produced with highly aerodynamic designs, a central objective of the Taurus/Sable design. The 1983 Cougar was well received in the marketplace (outselling the 1983 Thunderbird); Ford would choose to abandon "boxy" car designs altogether, influencing other car manufacturers to follow suit during the 1980s. Following the Thunderbird and Cougar, Ford introduced the 1984 Ford Tempo and Mercury Topaz. The compact front-wheel drive replacements for the Ford Fairmont/Mercury Zephyr, the Tempo/Topaz marked the first use of aerodynamic body design by Ford for a sedan.

Release
In mid-1985, Ford unveiled the Mercury Sable alongside the Ford Taurus as a 1986 model. In place of a traditional auto show unveiling, the launch was held an MGM Studios soundstage (where Gone with the Wind was filmed). Ford workers came into the room, which was decorated in space-age decor, holding cups shaped like flying saucers and the Taurus and Sable were sitting behind a curtain. With the flashing of strobe lights and a drum-roll, the curtain was pulled back and the two cars were revealed to the public. Ford planned a sensual marketing campaign for the Sable featuring singer and entertainer Bette Midler. However, Midler turned down Ford's offer and refused to appear in the ads, so Ford utilized an impersonator of Midler as a substitute. Midler sued in response, leading to the memorable case Midler v. Ford Motor Co. which clarified whether impersonations could be considered an appropriation of identity.

First generation (1986–1991)
Launched at the end of 1985 as a 1986 model, the Mercury Sable replaced the Mercury Marquis as the mid-size Mercury line, slotted between the Topaz and Grand Marquis/Colony Park. Developed alongside the Ford Taurus, the Sable was marketed alongside its Marquis predecessor for 1986, as Ford sought to protect its investment in the project.

Though outsold by the Taurus (which would go on to become the best-selling car in the United States) by a wide margin, the Sable would prove successful on its own, competing with the Grand Marquis to serve as the highest-selling Mercury model line. The Sable was on Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list on its release in 1986 and again in 1990 and 1991.

As Ford did not market the Mercury brand in Mexico, Ford of Mexico marketed the model line as the Ford Taurus. In South Korea, the Mercury Sable was marketed by Kia alongside the Kia Potentia (Mazda Luce/929).

Chassis specification
The first-generation Sable used the front-wheel drive Ford DN5 platform, sharing its 106 in wheelbase with the Ford Taurus. As with its Marquis predecessor, the Sable used unibody construction. The Sable was equipped with a four-wheel independent suspension. The front axle was fitted with MacPherson struts and a stabilizer bar; the rear axle on sedans was a coil-spring 4-link layout (also with MacPherson struts), while the rear suspension on station wagons was a coil-spring double-wishbone design (short/long arm), along with a stabilizer bar. As with the Marquis, the Sable was equipped with front disc brakes and rear drum brakes; station wagons were fitted with larger rear brakes.

Powertrain
For 1986, the Sable was offered was with two engines: a 90 hp HSC I4 (mated to a three-speed automatic) and a 140 hp Vulcan V6 (paired to a four-speed automatic). Following poor sales of the four-cylinder engine in the Sable, the engine was dropped from the line (though remaining standard on the Taurus through 1991), along with the 3-speed automatic. For 1988, a 3.8 L Essex V6 was introduced as an optional engine. Though rated with the same 140 hp output as the 3.0 L Vulcan V6, the 3.8 L V6 was rated with nearly 35% more torque output (popular in the heavier station wagons).

In contrast to the Taurus, the first-generation Sable (nor any of its successors) was not offered with a manual transmission.

Body design
The first-generation Sable was offered in two body styles: a four-door sedan and a five-door station wagon. While its 1983–1986 Marquis predecessor shared nearly its entire body with its Ford LTD counterpart, the Sable sedan shared only its doors and roof stamping with the Taurus. In what would become a tradition for four model generations, the station wagon body for both model lines was derived from the Sable; the Taurus wagon was styled with its own front fascia.

To differentiate its 6-window roofline from the Taurus, the Sable sedan borrowed design elements from the Ford Scorpio liftback sedan, using blacked-out B, C, and D-pillars for a "floating roof" effect. In place of the body-color grille insert used by Ford, the Sable was fitted with a low-wattage lightbar between the headlamps; the lightbar became a design feature later adapted by the Mercury Topaz and Tracer (and other automakers in the early 1990s). The lightbar design element largely emphasized the lack of a conventional grille (while primarily a "bottom-breather" design, a vestigial air intake slot was also designed into the bumper below the lightbar); a design pioneered by the 1950s Citroën DS, within Ford, the configuration was also used by the Ford Mustang SVO and Ford Sierra.

As with its Marquis predecessor, the Sable station wagon was designed with a rear liftback, but introduced a new configuration for the rear hatch, allowing the rear window glass to be opened separately from the rest of the rear hatch. In a design first for Mercury station wagons, exterior woodgrain trim was not offered as an option.

Alongside the Taurus, the Sable was the first American-produced sedan to use aerodynamic composite headlights with replaceable halogen bulbs; to begin their use, Ford (and other auto manufacturers) lobbied the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to have them approved, with the 1984 Continental Mark VII becoming the first American car to use them.

While the Sable shared largely the same interior features as the Taurus, in a departure from tradition, the Sable was designed with a model-specific dashboard (partly integrated into the door panels). Sable sedans were equipped with a 50/50 split bench seat as standard equipment (joining the Grand Marquis as a six-passenger Mercury sedan); as an option, front bucket seats were offered (reducing capacity to five). The Sable wagon was offered with an optional rear-facing third-row seat, bringing seating to seven or eight; for the first time since the 1977 Cougar wagon, Mercury offered the design in its midsize station wagon.

During its production, the first-generation Sable underwent few changes. For 1989, the exterior underwent a mid-cycle revision; the amber parking lamp lenses were replaced by clear units and sedans saw revisions to taillamp lenses. For 1990, the Sable underwent a redesign of the dashboard to accommodate the addition of a driver-side airbag; a CD player was added as an option.

Trim
The first-generation Mercury Sable was sold in two trim levels (opposed to the four of the Taurus). In line with other Mercury models, a base-trim GS (comparable to the GL-trim Taurus) and top-trim LS (slightly above the Taurus LX) was offered.

As Mercury never offered the first-generation Sable with a manual transmission, no Mercury Sable equivalent to the Taurus MT-5 nor the Taurus SHO was ever introduced.

Second generation (1992–1995)
For the 1992 model year, the second-generation Sable was introduced. As part of a $650 million investment in the Taurus and Sable, both model lines received significant updates, focusing on the interior and front and rear fascias. In contrast to the previous Sable, Ford chose an evolutionary change for the model line; though visibly similar to the previous generation, every body panel on the Sable sedan (except the doors) was changed. On the station wagon (shared with both the Sable and Taurus), the front fascia was redesigned, along with the interior.

The interior of the Sable underwent a redesign of the door panels, dashboard, and interior controls. Following the 1990 addition of a driver-side airbag, the Sable gained a passenger-side airbag as an option for 1992 (becoming standard in 1993). For 1993, the steering wheel was redesigned (returning the horn to the center of the steering wheel).

The base "GS" and luxury "LS" trim levels were carried over from the previous generation. A front cloth bench seat was standard on GS sedans and wagons, although cloth bucket seats were available on GS sedans only. Higher-end cloth bucket seats were standard on LS sedans, but a bench seat was a no cost option. A front bench was standard on LS wagons, with bucket seats optional. Leather seating surfaces were available on all LS Sables.

In 1992 for MY 1993, unpopular optional features such as the "InstaClear" heated windshield were eliminated. For 3.0L V6 engines, the drive belt system became a single-belt setup for 1993 (previously, the 3.0L alternator had used a separate belt). Also, some 3.0L 1994 models began receiving the new AX4N transmission.

The wagon version was available with mostly the same options as the sedan versions. Wagons had a maximum of 81.1 cubic feet of cargo area with the 60/40 split rear seat folded down. They featured a 2-way liftgate (raise the entire liftgate or just the window), a roof rack with crossbar and tie-downs, an optional rear-facing third seat, a lockable under-floor compartment, and an optional fold-out picnic table. With both rear split seats in the upright position, standard cargo capacity was 45.7 cubic feet. Wagons that were equipped with the front bench seat and rear folding seat could seat eight people; while over two feet shorter than the 1991 Mercury Colony Park, the Sable wagon became the sole eight-passenger vehicle offered by Lincoln-Mercury (as the Mercury Villager minivan seated seven).

1995 was the final model year of the second-generation Sable; the rare LTS trim level was added. It featured leather bucket seats, Taurus LX–style alloy wheels, special cladding, and many leather wrapped interior trim parts. The LTS trim had either the standard 3.0 L Vulcan V6 or the optional 3.8 L Essex V6.

Third generation (1996–1999)
The third-generation Sable was introduced for the 1996 model year. The platform used for the previous two generations underwent an extensive revision, redesignated as the DN101 platform; the wheelbase was extended from 106 to 108.5 inches. As before, the Sable returned as a four-door sedan and five-door station wagon.

While mechanically identical to its Ford Taurus counterpart, the sedans of the two model lines shared less sheetmetal than before, with only the front doors, hood, and front fenders common between the Taurus and Sable (as before, the Sable served as the basis for Ford and Mercury station wagons). In contrast to the oval-influenced roofline of the Ford Taurus, the Sable was styled with a sloped roofline with a rectangular rear window; the model received its own front and rear fascias. In place of the long-running lightbar, the Sable received a chrome-trimmed grille with oval headlight housings. In a design first for the model line, the Sable was fitted with the same interior as the Taurus (with the exception of seat fabrics).

The trim lines saw a minor revision, with the Sable G introduced as a new entry-level model and the Sable LTS discontinued. The Sable G was offered solely as a sedan, with several standard power options (but only an AM/FM radio ). For higher sales volumes, the GS and LS made their return, offered both in sedan and station wagon form. For the Sable G and GS, the standard engine was the 3.0 L Vulcan V6, producing 145 hp. For the Sable LS, the standard engine was a 3.0 L DOHC Duratec V6, producing 200 hp; optional in the Sable GS, the Duratec engine was an enlarged version of the engine from the Mercury Mystique.

For 1997, the Sable underwent several cost-cutting revisions; several features of the LS became available on the GS as options. For 1998, the Sable underwent a mid-cycle revision, distinguished by new headlights and a centered Mercury emblem in the grille; the Sable G was discontinued. The Vulcan V6 engine became standard on all Sables, with the Duratec optional only on the LS for 1999. In an effort to stimulate sales, Mercury cut the price of the Sable by up to $2,000 for 1999 (by revising the availability of options).

Fourth generation (2000–2005)
The Sable received another redesign in 1999 for MY 2000, which minimized some of the oval design elements from the 1996 model, replacing them with more conventional styling. The redesign also featured a taller roof over the rear-passenger space, to increase passenger headroom that had been sacrificed by the tapered 1996 design. The taller and roomier trunk also served to make the vehicle more functional. The interior was completely changed for a much more conservative design. Certain elements of the interior were retained from the 1996 model, such as the integrated control console, which combined the sound system and climate controls into one panel; but the shape of that panel was changed from the controversial oval to a more conventional and conservative trapezoid. The suspension was also softened to appeal to a broader, non-sporting audience. To reduce the price and increase profitability, many features such as four-wheel disc brakes were eliminated on the sedan; station wagons retained four-wheel disc brakes. The 2002 Sable included extra equipment on every trim level, including a CD player and power driver's seat on the GS, and a power moonroof or leather interior on the LS. Side airbags and traction control were added as options on all models. For 2004, the Sable received minor cosmetic changes to the front and rear fascias; most noticeably, the grille was made fully chrome. Inside were a new instrument cluster and steering wheel.

Due to the Mercury brand's discontinuation in Canada, the fourth generation Sable was never available in the Canadian market; thus, it was unique to the U.S. and Mexico.

The 2005 Mercury Montego and 2006 Milan were launched as replacements for the Sable. Shortly after the Montego's introduction the Sable was discontinued, along with the Taurus wagon; the Taurus sedan continued to be produced, but primarily for the fleet market. The last Sable left the Atlanta plant on April 29, 2005.

Fifth generation (2008–2009)
The fifth-generation Mercury Sable was launched for the 2008 model year. Developed as a mid-cycle update of the Mercury Montego, the production vehicle revived the more widely-recognized Sable nameplate at the 2007 Chicago Auto Show. While the 2008 revival of the Ford Taurus (renaming the Five Hundred) largely ended retail sale of the Crown Victoria, the Sable remained below the Grand Marquis in the Mercury range.

While approximately 10 inches shorter and 500 pounds lighter than the Grand Marquis, the fifth-generation Sable was the first produced as a full-size car. For the first time, the model line was offered exclusively as a four-door sedan (no Mercury counterpart of the Taurus X wagon was developed). Front-wheel drive remained standard, with all-wheel drive becoming an option for the first time.

In the transition from the Montego to the Sable, a number of changes were made to the body and chassis. Alongside the addition of the 263 hp 3.5L V6 and 6-speed 6F automatic, the exterior underwent several revisions, including a revised front bumper and grille, redesigned headlamps; the LED taillamps were retained, but given white lenses. The fifth-generation Sable adopted the trim lines of the Montego and Milan, with an unnamed standard trim level and a top Premier trim.

Water pump issues
Water pumps on the 2008 and 2009 Mercury Sable equipped with the 3.5 L Ford Cyclone V6 have a tendency to fail and potentially ruin the engine when they do. The water pumps on these engines are internally mounted and driven by the timing chain. As a result, when they fail, antifreeze is dumped directly into the crankcase; mixing with engine oil and potentially damaging the head gaskets and connecting rod bearings. These water pump failures could occur without warning, and repair could require engine disassembly or removal to access the water pump, or in some cases, engine replacement. A class action lawsuit was filed against Ford as a result of this issue.

Special editions
A few rare special editions of the Sable were made, all consisting of first generation models.

During MY 1987, Mercury introduced a special edition of the Sable called the "LS Monochrome Edition," which as an option would color the bumpers, side trim, and wheels white. It was only offered during MY 1987; the production quantity is not known and it is also unknown how many still exist.

During MY 1989, Mercury created a "50th Anniversary" edition of the Sable, to celebrate Mercury's 50th anniversary. Keeping with the name, only 50 were sold, combined between GS and LS models. This Sable was actually a test bed for creating a luxury sport version of the Sable called the LTS, similar to that of the Ford Taurus SHO. It was meant to use the SHO's chassis, interior, and suspension, but not the engine. After the launch of the SHO, and all the publicity and praise it received, Ford shelved the Sable LTS to focus on the SHO, and because it feared it would cannibalize sales of the SHO. The Sable LTS remained in a "development hell" until mid-1994 when it was introduced as a high end version of the Sable, but by then, it was just a highly optioned LS. An unknown number of these Sables still exist, but a pristine condition GS in this trim was sold on eBay in 2007.

A special one-of-a-kind Sable convertible was created in 1987 for the 1988 Detroit SAE auto show. It was built from a sedan chassis and featured a completely custom two-door body with a custom folding top. However, it was shelved; the only one sat in a warehouse for years until it was given a VIN, titled, and driven. It was sold on eBay in 2006.

In the article "Top 10 Obscure Special Editions and Forgotten Limited-Run Models: Lincoln-Mercury Edition, Part II," Curbside Classic notes that when Mercury launched the VOGA editions, there was a Sable VOGA for the 2009 model year. It was noted as having 18" chrome cladded 7-spoke wheels, cashmere-colored leather trim and black accents, chrome accents, and a charcoal black interior, with White Suede and Tuxedo Black being the only body colors available. Despite being featured in press releases and brochures, it is unknown if the Sable VOGA was ever released. A possible explanation would be that, due to slumping sales of the Sable against its Taurus counterpart and the better-selling Milan, the latter of which had also overtaken the larger Grand Marquis in sales, no Sable VOGAs were sold, and as a result, were likely disposed of. The Sable was discontinued at the end of the 2009 model year.

title: Mercury Sable


text: Category:Ferrari

title: Category:Ferrari


text:
Vir

Vir or VIR may refer to:

Places

 * Vir (island), an island on the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea
 * Vir (municipality), the settlement on the Croatian island
 * Vir, Posušje, a village in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 * Vír, a municipality and village in the Czech Republic
 * Vir, Markazi, a village in Iran
 * Vir, Zanjan, a village in Iran
 * Vir, Nikšić, a village in Montenegro
 * Vir, Domžale, a settlement in Slovenia
 * Vir pri Nevljah, a village in Slovenia
 * Beli Vir, a village near Kardzhali, Bulgaria
 * Bijeli Vir, a village near Metković, Croatia
 * Krivi Vir, a village near Zaječar, Serbia
 * Lepenski Vir, an archeological site in Serbia
 * Sinji Vir, a village near Paraćin, Serbia
 * VIR, the ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code for United States Virgin Islands

Transport

 * VIR, the ICAO code for Virgin Atlantic, a British airline
 * Virginia International Raceway, a race track in Virginia, United States
 * Virginia Water railway station, in England
 * Virginia Airport in Durban, South Africa

Other uses

 * Vir, abbreviation for Virgo (constellation)
 * Vir (crustacean), a genus of shrimps
 * Vir Cotto, a character in the science fiction television series Babylon 5
 * Victoria Imperatrix Regina, Latin name for Queen Victoria
 * Vertical interval reference, inserted data for color correction in the NTSC television standard
 * VIR cable, a type of electrical cable (Vulcanised Indian Rubber)
 * Vir: The Robot Boy, Indian TV series

title: Vir


text:
Category:Utopian novels

Utopian novels use an ideal society as their settings. Utopias are commonly found in science fiction novels and stories.

title: Category:Utopian novels


text:
Deck the Halls, Bruise Your Hand

Deck the Halls, Bruise Your Hand is the first Christmas album released by Christian rock band Relient K. It was released in many stores as a combo pack with later copies of their previous full-length album, Two Lefts Don't Make a Right...but Three Do.

On October 23, 2007, the band re-released this album with seven new songs, and the new title of Let it Snow, Baby... Let it Reindeer.

Track listing
All tracks public domain unless otherwise noted. New verses on tracks 3 and 6 written by Matt Thiessen.

 * 1) "Angels We Have Heard on High" – 1:53
 * 2) "Deck the Halls" – 1:20
 * 3) "12 Days of Christmas" – 3:30
 * 4) "Silent Night / Away in a Manger" – 2:18
 * 5) "I Celebrate the Day" (Matt Thiessen) – 3:18
 * 6) "We Wish You a Merry Christmas" – 2:11
 * 7) "Santa Claus Is Thumbing to Town" (Thiessen) – 2:47
 * 8) "Handel's Messiah (The Hallelujah Chorus)" – 1:09
 * 9) "I Hate Christmas Parties" (Thiessen) – 4:34‡
 * 10) "Auld Lang Syne" – 4:05 (Later versions) – 1:59)

‡Performed by Matthew Thiessen and the Earthquakes

Personnel
Relient K
 * Matt Thiessen – lead vocals, guitars, acoustic piano
 * Matt Hoopes – guitars, backing vocals
 * Brian Pittman – bass
 * Dave Douglas – drums, backing vocals

Production

 * Mark Lee Townsend – producer
 * Matt Thiessen – co-producer
 * J.R. McNeeley – mixing

title: Deck the Halls, Bruise Your Hand


text:
Talk:Kazan Federal University

Regarding spelling of Myakzyum Salakhov vs. Mäğzüm Säläxev
I believe the first version should be used for the article title. The second should be used in the article on Myakzyum Salakhov, together with other versions of spelling. Here are my reasons:

Gene s 04:20, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Naming conventions (use English), Naming_conventions
 * This is an English wiki. It's impossible to type Mäğzüm Säläxev on a standard keyboard
 * Google knows nothing of Mäğzüm Säläxev except links to this article. On the other hand, Myakzyum Salakhov is quite common. You want people to actually find the article, right?
 * I understand that Mäğzüm Säläxev is a proper Turkish spellling of the name, but as far as I know, Tatarstan officially uses Cyrillic spelling. Why should the Turkish spelling be used as primary when the official is Cyrillic?
 * Take a look at Talk:Kiev for a similar dispute and what was decided.

 * And one more thing - the guy himself uses name Myakzyum Salakhov as his email Myakzyum.Salakhov -at- ksu.ru. Gene s 08:12, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Romanization of Tatar
Romanization of Tatar/Tatar Latin Alphabet is uses Turkish chapters. ä uses only in Tatar, not Turkish.
 * That's fine. But keep in mind that this is an English wikipedia. It should use commonly used English names or an official English names. The common English spelling of Salakhov is Myakzyum Salakhov (search Google), the official English names according to his place of work is Myakzyum Salakhov. Thus the article title should be Myakzyum Salakhov. Gene s 06:19, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

ya uses for Russian letter я, Tatar ә can be spelled only like ä. Ğ is gh, ş is sn, other letters are iin standart key board.

As for Myakzyum Salakhov - we use redirects :^)--Untifler 15:09, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirects are fine. But the artcle title should be in English. All alternative spllings should go to the article itself. Gene s 06:19, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

professor
Sergei Nikolaevich Reformatskii was professor there for several years!--Stone 17:01, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

Batman?
I don't know who in the hell wrote that, please, don't be silly!! Batman didn't go to University of Kazan :S Let's be serious —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rimsky-en (talk • contribs) 09:03, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

Dates to be added to the article
It would be proper to add the following important dates related to the Kazan University: its establishment in 1804, and its end in 2009. Starting from 2009, the University is no more. It was merged with several other local universities into Volga-area Federal University, and thus ceased to exist as an independed body. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.79.89.1 (talk) 15:31, 17 January 2010 (UTC)
 * The Decree was signed on October 21, 2009, and mandates the creation of the federal university in three months. I guess the question is whether this deadline has been met (three months have not passed yet).  Please, clarify.—Ëzhiki (Igels Hérissonovich Ïzhakoff-Amursky) • (yo?); 15:23, January 18, 2010 (UTC)
 * I've been following this, and the universities have not yet merged. I added the appropriate information on the planned merger, but I'd want to see clear information confirming that the merger has happened before going ahead with marking Kazan State closed. At that point, we will have to think about potential redirects and whatnot as necessary to reflect the new university and its subunits. Avram (talk) 22:07, 18 January 2010 (UTC)

Lenin's alma mater
Did Lenin graduate from Kazan State University as implied by the use of the word "alumnus" in the article, or did he just attend for a while?Aliotra (talk) 00:11, 30 September 2010 (UTC)
 * The word is in fact broader -- the person needn't graduate to be considered an alumnus. Lenin did not graduate from Kazan University. The OED provides: "The nurseling or pupil of any school, university, or other seat of learning. Also, a graduate or former student (chiefly U.S., esp. in pl.)." Avram (talk) 05:13, 30 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that. I've never received communications from the Alumni Society of a university which I've attended but from which I have not graduated, hence my confusion.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by Aliotra (talk • contribs) 18:22, 8 October 2010 (UTC)

Move request

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus to move at this time. Vegaswikian (talk) 23:18, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

Kazan State University → Kazan Federal University – The university changed name to Kazan Federal University in 2010. There was a double entry Kazan Federal University, which has now been merged into this one (to keep the broader edit history); but edit history prevents direct move back to the correct name. [The official full name is indeed Kazan (Volga region) Federal University (but what is correct capitalization)]. Martenz (talk) 23:18, 4 September 2011 (UTC)
 * This is still pretty confusing, since the other university like TGGPU (TSUHE) and KFEI haven't been properly absorbed into KFU, so there's a definition of KFU as the successor of KGU, and another definition of it as an umbrella covering all three institutions. And no one, even rather highly-placed folks at KFU-nee-KGU, seems to have a good handle on the whole thing. TGGPU had its own admissions for 2011-2012, and not all the departments have been merged. All that KFIE has done so far is relabel itself (in some places) as KFIE pri KFU. A mess -- maybe we can hold off on further major changes until the universities figure out what's going on? Avram (talk) 04:16, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

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title: Talk:Kazan Federal University