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Tatra 815

The Tatra 815 is a truck family, produced by Czech company Tatra. It uses the traditional Tatra concept of rigid backbone tube and swinging half-axles giving independent suspension. The vehicles are available in 4x4, 6x6, 8x8, 10x8, 10x10, 12x8 and 12x12 variants. There are both air-cooled and liquid-cooled engines available with power ranging from 230 - 440 kW. As a successor to Tatra 813 it was originally designed for extreme off-road conditions, while nowadays there are also variants designated for mixed (both off- and on-road) use. The gross weight is up to 35500 kg.

The 815 and its descendant models took the Czech truck racer Karel Loprais to victory six times in the Dakar Rally.

History
Designed to eventually replace the Tatra 148, the prototype Tatra 157 was introduced in 1970 and several more prototypes were designed between 1970 and 1974 period but no production resulted. Due to protests from another Czechoslovak manufacturer LIAZ which was assigned by the government central planning committee to manufacture trucks of similar class, Tatra dropped the 157 and instead started to concentrate on a heavier class as the replacement for the 813 and 148 which was introduced in 1983 as the 815 series. In 1989 Tatra modernized the 815 and introduced new 815-2 which received further upgrade in 1994 and just 3 years later in 1997 the new cabin TerrN°1 is introduced. Another facelift followed in 2000 where changes included among others new instrument panel and cab attachment and for the first time there is an option for fitment of liquid-cooled engines. The latest facelift of cabin came in July 2010. Due to emission requirements changes in 2003 Tatra developed all new V8 engine T3C to comply with Euro III where it followed the tradition once again with its air cooling design. The further developed T3D engine was introduced in 2006 with its SCR and Euro IV compliance.

Design
While most other manufacturers derive their trucks from road applications, the 815 was purposely designed for extreme off-road conditions, and its road versions are derived from the off-road original concept. The principle consists in a central load-carrying tube with independently suspended swinging half-axles bolted as one whole. This gives Tatra vehicles outstanding driving qualities in the most difficult terrains. The concept allows higher off-road speed compared to classical rigid axle design.

Central load-carrying tube
The primary structural feature of Tatra trucks is the central load carrying tube, also called a backbone frame. All other parts of the truck are mounted to this rigid assembly. The inherently high torsional and flexural rigidity of this layout protects superstructures from the motions and forces on the axles. Torque distribution to the axles is also carried within the backbone.

Differential
Tatra differentials are a unique design that uses two opposing spiral bevel gears instead of the usual single set. The differential gears are part of the input drive shaft rather than between the output axles as in a conventional differential. All versions of the Tatra differential have locking pins that can force the differential gears to rotate together, "locking" the differential. This arrangement had two distinct advantages. The first is that the dual output bevel gears allow the axles to swing around the drive axle without the need for universal couplings. The second is that the input drive shaft goes essentially straight through the differential housing, allowing simple coupling to a second set of swing axles. This modular design enables configurations of 2, 3, 4, 5, or even 6 axles with all axles driven. The whole assembly is part of the backbone frame.

Front

 * Mechanical suspension of load capacity up to 8 tons per axle by torsion bars – for versions with one steered front axle (4x4 and 6x6) or by leaf springs – for versions with two steered axles (6x6, 8x8, 10x10 or 12x12).
 * Air-bellows, with a load capacity of 9 tons per axle and a possibility of a ground clearance regulation.

Rear

 * Mechanical – by leaf springs, with a load capacity of up to 11.5 tons per axle
 * Air-bellows with a load capacity of 10 tons per axle and a possibility of a ground clearance regulation
 * Tatra King Frame suspension system - combination of an air-bellow with a coil spring placed inside, with a load capacity of up to 11.5 tons per axle or combination of air-bellows with leaf springs, with a load capacity of 13, 15 and 16.5 tons per axle.

All suspension types are equipped with telescopic shock absorbers; some versions also have stabilizer torsion bars.

Engine
The Tatra engine is an air-cooled, OHV, currently 12.7 litre 90° V8 120 x 140 mm diesel engine with direct fuel injection. It is turbocharged by one Holset WasteGate turbocharger, and equipped with an intercooler placed directly over the engine. The engine is equipped with a mechanically controlled in-line Bosch injection pump. Its roller crankshaft bolted together from individual segments belongs among unique technical solutions. The engine is available in emission specifications Euro II - Euro III with power output ranging from 230 to 325 kW and 1400 - 2100 Nm torque. At its launch, the T815 could alternatively be delivered with a larger powertrain. Available options, all of which were from Tatra's own range of engines, included the air-cooled V10 (15.8 litre) and V12 (19 litre), both without turbo and intercooler, and a V12 bi-turbo. When the Euro I emission limits came into effect, the larger engine alternatives became unavailable.

The 815 can also be fitted with water-cooled engines made by other manufacturers - notably Cummins and Deutz with power ranging from 260 to 440 kW with 1550 - 2750 Nm torque.

The most powerful MTU engine that was used in a 815 prototype tank prime mover, had an output of 610 kW displacing 21,930 cc.

Transmission

 * Manually controlled mechanical Tatra transmission which is mounted directly on the auxiliary transmission case, and which, therefore, is an integrated part of the chassis with 10 or 14 gears with two auxiliary gears.
 * An electronically controlled gear shifting Tatra - a driver using a joystick just pre-sets a speed gear, and after the clutch is engaged, the speed shifting is carried out. The driver is informed about the shifted speed gear by means of a dashboard display.
 * Twin Disc which is a six-gear auto transmission of 1189 or 1177 type
 * Allison six or seven-gear automatic transmission with a compact construction in one case, with a torque converter, which are mounted directly on the engine

Cab
Tatra T815 is equipped with own Tatra-produced COE cab. There is basic version, extended version with room behind seats used for a berth and especially for fire-fighting applications a long four-door cab enabling transportation of up to six persons.

There is also special low cab version used mostly for cranes and other special applications. The cab is situated in front of the front axle.

Equipment

 * Trucks equipped with air-bellows suspension have possibility of a ground clearance regulation.
 * Special protective surface finish
 * Central tyre inflation system enabling deflation/inflation of tyres during the drive in boggy terrain (standard for military versions, on demand for civilian)
 * Multi-fuel engines for military version (on demand)
 * Vehicle radio-shielding as per NATO standards for military version
 * Possibility of additional cab ballistic protection through a supplied and subsequently installed additional armouring set intended also for windows for military version

Variants

 * Civilian
 * Tatra 815
 * Tatra 815 low cab (for cranes and installation of other special superstructures)
 * Tatra 815-2 (outdated, but still manufactured on demand)
 * Tatra 815-2 TERRN°1 (most demanded and sold, core of the current T815 range)
 * Tatra 815-7
 * Tatra 815-6 Force (ultra-heavy fire-fighting offroad truck)
 * There is wide variety of superstructures built on Tatra T815 ranging from tipper S1 and S3 trucks, flatbed truck, tanker, drilling platform (used notably in Australia and Russia), autocrane, excavator, concrete mixer, semitrailer tractor and many other.
 * Military
 * Tatra 815 Armax
 * Tatra 815-6 Force (the category of the heaviest military trucks with outstanding mobility in the most difficult terrain conditions)
 * Tatra 815-7 Force
 * The military versions vary from 4x4 troop or cargo carrier to 12x12 BrahMos supersonic cruise missile carrier (used by India). Still produced.
 * Racing
 * Rally raid - Tatra trucks are very successful in rally raids, notably in Dakar where Karel Loprais achieved 6 times victory with T815. There were both 4x4 and 6x6 used in rally raids, and T815 8x8 "Totálka" is the heaviest car ever used in rally.
 * Truck trial where the 813 gained reputation of invincible off-road truck, of which the 815 is a worthy successor

Europe
All versions for all applications are sold in countries of Central and Eastern Europe as well as in Germany and France. In Central Europe the trucks are used mostly by construction companies, logging companies and mining companies. They are notably popular as fire-fighting engines. In far eastern Russia the Tatra Trucks are used by oil and gas companies in the most difficult terrains, where the air-cooled engine has advantages over water-cooled ones during harsh winter time.

America
The Tatra 815 is exported to the United States and Brazil. It used to be marketed under mark "American Truck Company" in the United States, where T815 and T815-6 Force is used as heavy fire-fighting engine.

Australia
In Australia the 815 is used notably by mining companies (i.e. as heavy drill 10x10 carrier)

India
There is assembly line of Tatra vehicles in India.

The 815 is available also in some African and Asian countries

Military
All Variety Types of Tatra Trucks and Chassis like T815 & T810 vehicles are widely used by military in the following countries Czech Republic, Greece, Romania, Slovakia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Syria, Qatar, UAE, India, Indonesia, Italy, France, Malaysia and United States with many other countries.

Derivatives

 * Tatrapan - Slovak armored truck in several variants, including APC variant
 * Astros - chassis for multiple rocket launcher produced in Brazil
 * Nexter Caesar - French self-propelled howitzer
 * mobile surgical unit by German company Drehtainer
 * ATLAV APC
 * Rosenbauer Tigon

Tatra vehicle coding
The full name of a given vehicle explains most essential information about it. Take as example '''T 815 - 231S25 28 325 6 x 6. 2 R / 34 1''':
 * T815 = truck family
 * 231S25
 * 2 = truck family - T 815-2 Cab over engine TerrNo1 or Armax
 * 3 = engine type - T3D-928.30 air-cooled
 * 1 = vehicle variant - Euro 5 left hand drive with ABS
 * S = vehicle type - tipper (Sklápěč)
 * 2 = cab type and axle configuration - short cab, 6x6 or 4x4
 * 5 = Rear axles and suspension - Combined suspension, load capacity 11 tons, no reductions, axle ratio 3,385
 * 28 = gross vehicle weight (tones)
 * 325 = engine power (kW)
 * 6x6 = wheel drive
 * 2 = tire fitting - dual
 * R = hub reduction
 * 34 = wheelbase (mm) - number x 100
 * 1 = variant - serial vehicle

title: Tatra 815


text: Category:Prime ministers of Galicia (Spain)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Category:Galicia (Spain)

Galicia is one of the autonomous communities of Spain.

title: Category:Galicia (Spain)


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Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park

Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park is a local nature reserve and historic cemetery in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets within the East End of London. It is regarded as one of the seven great cemeteries of the Victorian era, the "Magnificent Seven", instigated because the normal (until that time) church burial plots had become overcrowded. Since the 1990s it has been managed by the Friends of Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park, a registered charity, with the purpose of protecting, preserving and promoting this important space for conservation, heritage and community.

The cemetery opened in 1841 and closed for burials in 1966. Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park today encompasses the original historic cemetery, bounded by historic walls, and additional pockets of land including "Scrapyard Meadow" and the Ackroyd Drive Greenlink. The overall site is today celebrated as Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature and Conservation and an award-winning local nature reserve, including recognitions from Green Flag, London in Bloom and Tower Hamlets in Bloom.

It was originally named The City of London and Tower Hamlets Cemetery but was called Bow Cemetery by locals for its Bow, London, locality. The cemetery pre-dates the creation of the modern Borough of Tower Hamlets in 1965, and instead takes its name from the original, older and somewhat larger, Tower Hamlets (or Tower division) – from which the modern borough also takes its name. The historic parish boundary which defines the Mile End and Bromley-by-Bow areas runs north to south through the park, with Mile End to the west and Bromley-by-Bow to the east.

Location
The Main Gate of Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park (a.k.a. Cemetery Park) is at its northwest corner, at the intersection of Southern Grove road (which runs along the west of Cemetery Park) and the Hamlets Way pedestrian path (which runs along the north of the park). There are also smaller pedestrian gates along Hamlets Way and at the two ends of Cantrell Road – a pedestrian and service road within Cemetery Park – where it meets with Bow Common Lane at the southwest corner of the park and with Knapp Road at the south center border of the park. The nearest tube stations are Mile End and Bow Road.

The site has been managed by the Friends of Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park, since becoming a UK registered charity in 1990. The Friends are headquartered at the Cemetery Park Lodge and also conduct a range of activities from the Soanes Centre. Both buildings are located in the northwest corner of Cemetery Park, just inside the main entrance.

History
Before the Victorian era, all of London's dead were buried in small urban churchyards, which became so overcrowded and so close to where people lived, worked, and worshipped that they were causing disease and ground water contamination.

An Act of Parliament was passed which allowed joint-stock companies to purchase land and set up large cemeteries outside the boundaries of the City of London (a.k.a. the Square Mile). There were seven great cemeteries (the "Magnificent Seven") laid out about the same time (1832–41). Highgate Cemetery is the most well known, with hundreds of notable interments; the others are Nunhead, West Norwood, Kensal Green, Brompton and Abney Park.

The City of London and Tower Hamlets Cemetery Company was made up of eleven wealthy directors whose occupations reflected the industries of the day: corn merchant, merchant ship broker and ship owner, timber merchant, and Lord Mayor of the City of London. The company bought 27 acre of land and the cemetery was divided into a consecrated part for Anglican burials and an unconsecrated part for all other denominations.

Tower Hamlets Cemetery was formally consecrated by the Bishop of London Charles James Blomfield on Saturday 4 September 1841 prior to being opened for burials. The cemetery was consecrated in the morning; the first burial took place in the afternoon.

Tower Hamlets Cemetery was very popular with people from the East End and by 1889 247,000 bodies had been interred; the cemetery remained open for another 77 years. In the first two years 60% of the burials were in public graves and by 1851 this had increased to 80%. Public graves were the property of the company and were used to bury those whose families could not afford to buy a plot. Several persons, entirely unrelated to each other, could be buried in the same grave within the space of a few weeks. Allegedly some graves were dug 40 feet deep and contained up to 30 bodies.

The cemetery itself did not remain in a tidy and elegant state for long. Only 55 years after it was opened it was reported to be in a neglected state. During the Second World War the cemetery was bombed five times during raids on the City of London; both cemetery chapels were damaged and shrapnel damage can be seen on the graves by the Soanes Centre in the north-west corner of the park. Burials continued taking place until 1966, when the Greater London Council (G.L.C.) bought the company for £100,000 under the G.L.C.(General Powers) Act and the ground was closed for burials. The intention was to create an open space for the public and relevant parts of the cemetery were freed from the effects of consecration. In October 1967, a further £125,000 was spent clearing the chapels and 0.68 acre of graves. Strong local opposition and problems of funding stopped the clearance.

Today
Tower Hamlets London Borough Council took over the ownership of the park in 1986. The Friends of Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park is an independent charity established in 1990, to preserve, protect and celebrate the site's important role in conservation, heritage and community. The charity's main objective is to encourage greater use of this inner urban green space as a sanctuary for people and a place of biodiversity. The Friends manage the park under a service-level agreement with the Borough.

The Cemetery Park was declared a Local Nature Reserve in May 2000, along with adjacent open land on Cantrell Road ("Scrapyard Meadow") and Ackroyd Drive ("Ackroyd Drive Greenlink"). It has also been designated as a Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation and a Conservation area. Two sections of the high brick walls which surround Cemetery Park (the west wall, including its gates and gate piers. and the east wall) are on the Historic England national register of listed buildings, as are seven individual monuments; all nine listings are Grade II. Though filled with gravestones and funerary monuments, the cemetery has been allowed to revert to resemble a natural woodland, with many wildflowers, birds, and insect species found in the park. There are several trails and walks created by the Friends of Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park.

The park is open 24 hours per day, although the Main Gate on Southern Grove is locked at dusk. Smaller foot gates around the park remain open for access.

Notable burials
Those who are buried or have memorials here include: Burial monuments listed by Historic England:
 * Charlie Brown: popular publican of Charlie Brown's, Limehouse for 40 years, his 1932 funeral brought 16,000 mourners to the cemetery
 * Major John Buckley VC: soldier and one of the first recipients of the Victoria Cross, for his bravery in the Indian Rebellion of 1857; living in relative "poverty and obscurity" at the time of his death, he was laid to rest in an unmarked grave, located in 2012 through research by a Friend of the Cemetery Park, and marked with a headstone in a 2014 ceremony
 * Zilpha Elaw, African-American preacher and spiritual autobiographer
 * Robert McLachlan: early entomologist
 * Henry Norris: civil engineer who began his career with repairs to the then Eddystone Lighthouse and later on supervised the construction of the first lighthouse in the world to be designed and built for an electric light powered by alternating current
 * John Northey: died in the Princess Alice disaster in 1878
 * Hannah Maria Purcell: widow of William Purcell, carpenter of HMS Bounty
 * John "White Hat" Willis: son of John "Jock" Willis (known as Old Stormy Willis), founder of Jock Willis Shipping Line (a company that owned, among others, the Cutty Sark)

Others:
 * Tomb of Sarah Morris (unknown date) and George Morris (died 1843)
 * Tomb of Samuel Weddell (died 1845); monument includes inscription noting that Weddell had left UK£100 "to the company called the City of London and Tower Hamlets Cemetery", to be invested and used for perpetual upkeep of the monument
 * Tomb of John Smith (died 1846)
 * Tomb (of unknown individual, died c. 1850) to east of Tomb of John Smith
 * Tomb of Ellen Llewellyn (died 1854), including Dr Rees Ralph Llewellyn, who performed the autopsy on Mary Ann Nichols, considered the first victim of Jack the Ripper
 * Tomb of Ellen Wiskin (died 1866)
 * Tomb of Joseph Westwood (died 1883); noted in the Historic England listing as the cemetery's "most imposing monument", the burial site includes his son, Joseph Westwood Jr, both of whom were involved in shipbuilding and engineering
 * Some victims of the 1940 Bethnal Green Disaster
 * Monument to children who were in the care of the charity of Thomas Barnardo, and were buried elsewhere in the cemetery in unmarked graves
 * Graves of the Charterhouse Brothers, Carthusian monks who lived in the London Charterhouse
 * French graves, French workers who came to London to help refine gold from the Australian gold rushes, the Rothschilds had already been refining gold in Paris
 * The Blitz Memorial, a memorial to those who died in The Blitz, made of bricks from damaged properties
 * The War Memorial, located near the entrance on Southern Grove

War graves
There are 279 Commonwealth service personnel of both World Wars buried here, the names of all being listed on bronze panels on a screen wall memorial in the Mile End section of the park near the entrance on Southern Grove, as are those of four Dutch merchant seamen. Nine British merchant seamen are buried here who were killed when their ship, SS Bennevis, was hit by a high explosive bomb on 7 September 1940, while berthed in the West India Docks, during an air raid in World War II.

title: Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park


text:
Cheburashka

Cheburashka (Чебурашка), also known as Topple in earlier English translations, is a fictional character created by Soviet writer Eduard Uspensky in his 1965 children's book Gena the Crocodile and His Friends. The character subsequently appeared as the protagonist in a series of stop-motion animated films directed by Roman Kachanov for Soyuzmultfilm, the first of which was made in 1969,  with songs composed by Vladimir Shainsky.

Even today Cheburashka is still renowned in the former Soviet Union, and has been called the "Soviet Mickey Mouse" by external observers. Although only four short animated films have been produced featuring Cheburashka, he is still a national symbol in the former USSR and Russia, and is famous outside of it. One reason for his popularity is the message of his stories, which stress that where you're from doesn't matter as much as kindness.

History
Cheburashka is an iconic Russian cartoon character who later became a popular character in Russian jokes (along with his friend, Gena the Crocodile). According to the creator of the character, Eduard Uspensky, Cheburashka is an "animal unknown to science", with large monkey-like ears and a body resembling that of a cub, who lives in a tropical forest. He accidentally gets into a crate of oranges, eats his fill, and falls asleep. The crate is eventually delivered to a grocery store in an unnamed Russian city (hinted to be Moscow), where the rest of the main story unfolds.

The puzzled store manager finds the creature in the crate when he opens it, and takes him out and sits him on the table. The creature's paws are numb after staying in the crate for so long, and he tumbles down (чебурахнулся, a Russian colloquialism meaning "tumbled") from the table, onto the chair, and then onto the floor. This inspires the store manager to name him Cheburashka. Words with this root were archaic in Russian; Uspensky gave them a new lease on life. The Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language of Vladimir Dahl gives the meaning of "cheburashka" as another name for the roly-poly toy.

Soviet censors tried to stifle the Cheburashka films, because it was making fun at nitpicking bureaucrats, factory directors, and the Young Pioneers; Cheburashka and Gena couldn't join them because they didn't know how to start a Pioneer's bonfire and could not march. The phrase "only the best can be on the Pioneers" was added as a compromise.

Original series

 * 1. Gena the Crocodile (1969)
 * 2. Cheburashka (1971)
 * 3. Shapoklyak (1974)
 * 4. Cheburashka Goes to School (1983)

Follow-ups
Cheburashka Arere? was released by GoHands in Japan, 26 episodes, 2009–2010.

In 2007, the new animation, titled Cheburashka was announced by Ffango Entertoyment of South Korea and TV Tokyo Broadband and Frontier Works of Japan. Directed by Makoto Nakamura and written by Mikhail Aldashin and Michiru Shimada, Cheburashka (2010 animation) premiered on 8 December 2010 in Japan. It consisted of four shorts. One ("Hello Cheburashka") is a complete remake of the original Gena the Crocodile cartoon, while the three others ("Cheburashka and the Circus" and two episodes of "Shapoklyak's Consultation Center") have different stories.

The Russian-language compilation film of the Japanese remake shorts also titled Cheburashka (2023 animation) premiered in Russia on 5 June 2014, but the distribution was temporarily revoked due to copyright dispute with Eduard Uspensky Later the distribution certificate was restored. The Russian titles of the episodes in it are «Чебурашка и цирк» (Cheburashka and the Circus), «Чебурашка идет в зоопарк» (Cheburashka Goes to the Zoo) и «Советы Шапокляк» (Advices of Shapoklyak).

A full-length film titled Cheburashka, directed by Dmitry Dyachenko, with Central Partnership and Yellow, Black and White producing, was released on 1 January 2023. Cheburashka is the highest grossing film in the Russian box office history. Olga Kuzmina voiced Cheburashka, while Sergei Garmash portrayed Gena, a gardener (the film version of Crocodile Gena).

Drutten och Jena
In the 1970s a number of children's television shows, radio shows, records and magazines were produced in Sweden with the characters Drutten and crocodile Jena (Gena). These two characters were based on a couple of Cheburashka and Gena dolls bought on a trip to the Soviet Union, so they were visually identical to Cheburashka and Gena. "Drutten" means "one who has tumbled down", as one meaning of the Swedish colloquial verb "drutta" is "to fall or tumble down".

In the TV series Drutten och Jena, also Drutten och Krokodilen, the two characters sang and told different stories from those in the USSR, lived on a bookshelf rather than in a city and are hand puppets operated in live action rather than stop motion. Only occasionally Swedish public service TV would broadcast a segment of the Russian original, dubbed in Swedish. While many Swedes may visually recognize Cheburashka, they will generally not associate these characters with the ones Russian children know. The first episode premiered in 1973. Around 600 to 700 episodes were shown in Sweden in total, in a series of many years and the last episode was screened as a special in 1988. The animated series was broadcast on Sveriges Television.

Cheburashka and friends
Cheburashka is male, has a bear-like body, and is about the size of a 5-year-old child. He is a toddling creature with huge round ears on the side of his head that droop when he is discouraged. He has feet without legs, big black eyes, a snub nose. His voice is high-pitched and childlike. Cheburashka is an optimist as he only sees the best in people and is chirpy even in the gloomiest situation. Sergei Kapkov, animation historian and managing editor of Soyuzmultfilm, has said that Cheburashka "is absolutely useless and hopeless. He is like a stranger who doesn't understand a thing but just has one global idea, and that is to make friends and have others ... make friends with each other". For Leonid Katz, an art historian in Bar-Ilan University in Tel Aviv, Israel, Cheburashka represents the "ideal". As he notes: "In the film he is completely innocent. He represents all that was lost, all that was maybe impossible, all that was dreamed of".

After being turned down by the zoo as an "animal unknown to science", Cheburashka gets hired as a window display for a discount store selling factory seconds because he resembles one, residing in a phone booth. In the tale, he befriends an anthropomorphic crocodile named Gena, who wears a hat, a bow tie, and a coat, and plays the accordion. Gena works in a zoo as a zoo animal. Gena's favorite songs are "Such a Pity that One's Birthday Happens Only Once a Year" and "The Blue Train Car", both of which are extremely popular with children.

Antagonist
Cheburashka and Gena have their adventures made more difficult by a character named "Старуха Шапокляк" (Old Lady Shapoklyak). She is a mischievous but charming old lady. Shapoklyak is tall and thin, wears a chapeau claque hat and a dark-coloured dress, and carries around a pet rat, Lariska, in her purse to help her play pranks on people, though near the end of some stories she turns around and helps the protagonists. The refrain of her theme song contains her motto, "One won't ever get famous for good deeds" Хорошими делами прославиться нельзя.

Copyright issues
The rights to the Cheburashka character and image have been heavily debated in court. In 1994, Eduard Uspensky (the writer) copyrighted the character's name and image and proceeded to sell the rights to various countries. Leonid Shvartsman, the art director of the animated films, has tried to prove in court that he was the creator of Cheburashka's visual appearance and that this copyright should be separate from the rights for the literary character. On 13 March 2007, Shvartsman and his lawyer lost a 4.7 million ruble lawsuit against BRK Cosmetics and Eduard Uspensky. Shvartsman alleged that Uspensky illegally sold the rights to the Cheburashka image (which was allegedly not his to sell) to BRK Cosmetics, which used it on toothpaste packaging. The defence argued that the artist who drew the character for the toothpaste had never seen the animated films and had created the character himself after the impressions left from reading Uspensky's books. Shvartsman argued that the character on the packets was allegedly an exact copy of the one in the animated films.

Cheburashka sightings
Cheburashka is now a staple of Russian cartoons, and there are several licensed products on the market, such as children's joke books and stuffed toys. He is also one of the few Russian animation characters to be the subject of numerous Russian jokes and riddles. The popularity of Cheburashka grew a lot after it became an animated film.

The word "Cheburashka" is also used in a figurative sense to name objects that somehow resemble the creature (such as an An-72 aircraft which, when seen from the front, resembles the character's head) or are just as pleasing as it is (e.g. a colloquial name for a small bottle of lemonade – from the brand name "Cheburashka"). There is also a rocket launcher called Cheburashka, used during the Russo-Ukrainian war.

In the 1990 satirical claymation film Grey Wolf and Little Red Riding Hood, produced by Garri Bardin, Grey Wolf eats Gena and Cheburashka, along with other fantasy characters.

Cheburashka was chosen as the official mascot with the main mascots for the Russian Olympic Team in the following games:
 * 2004 Summer Olympics in Greece
 * 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy (with white fur)
 * 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China (with red fur)
 * 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada (with blue fur)

Cheburashka also became known in some countries outside the former Soviet Union (and of the Soviet Bloc). He became very popular in Japan after an animated film series about him was shown in 15 cinemas all over Japan and was watched by about 700,000 between summer 2001 and spring 2002. In 2008, the Cheburashka films (as part of the "Ghibli Museum Library") were made available to Japanese cinemas on the same date as Hayao Miyazaki's Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea. An English-dubbed edition of the first 3 animated films was released in 1987, titled The Adventures of Charlie and Cubby.

During the 2018 Armenian protests Cheburashka was used from many protesters as a symbol to mock Serzh Sargsyan due to the similarity on their appearance. Among others, during a protest, a protester masqueraded as Cheburashka urged Sargsyan to resign, while another one lit his on fire.

title: Cheburashka


text:
Somme (river)

The Somme is a river in Picardy, northern France.

The river is 245 km in length, from its source in the high ground of the former Forêt d'Arrouaise at Fonsomme near Saint-Quentin, to the Bay of the Somme, in the English Channel. It lies in the geological syncline which also forms the Solent. This gives it a fairly constant and gentle gradient where several fluvial terraces have been identified.

Name
The Somme river was known in ancient times as Samara. It presumably means 'the summery river', that is to say the 'quiet river', stemming from an adjective *sam-aro- ('summery') itself derived from the Celtic root *samo- ('summer').

The city of Amiens was also known as Samarobriva (Gaulish: 'bridge on the Samara'). It is attested by the early 1st century BC as the chief town of the Ambiani, an ancient Gallic tribe of the region. The modern department of Somme was named after this river.

History
The Somme has featured prominently in several military campaigns. In 1066, the invasion fleet of William the Conqueror assembled in the Bay of the Somme, at Saint-Valery-sur-Somme. The river also featured in the 1346 withdrawal of Edward III of England's army, which forded the river at the Battle of Blanchetaque during the campaign, which culminated in the Battle of Crécy. Crossing the river also featured prominently in the campaign which led to the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.

In 1636, a Spanish army led by Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano, crossed the Somme defeating a French army during the Thirty Years War threatening Paris.

Most famously, the Battle of the Somme, during World War I, lasted from July to November 1916 and resulted in more than a million casualties. Private A. S. Bullock in his wartime memoir recalled his first sight of it in early April 1918: "... we reached a small place called Hengest sur Somme. The train stopped and we descended. There in front of us was a muddy, sluggish and somewhat narrow stream, which has given its name to one of the most awful battles in history – the Somme." The great battles that finally stopped the German advance in the Spring Offensive of 1918 were fought around the valley of the Somme in places like Villers Bretonneux, which marked the beginning of the end of the war.

Départements and towns along the river

 * Aisne: Saint-Quentin
 * Somme : Ham, Péronne, Corbie, Amiens, Abbeville, Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, Le Crotoy

Tributaries
The tributaries listed comprise:

Hydrology
The river is characterized by a very gentle gradient and a steady flow. The valley is more or less steep-sided but its bottom is flat with fens and pools. These characteristics of steady flow and flooded valley bottom arise from the river's being fed by the ground water in the chalk basin in which it lies. At earlier, colder times, from the Günz to the Würm (Beestonian or Nebraskan to Devensian or Wisconsinian) the river has cut down into the Cretaceous geology to a level below the modern water table. The valley bottom has now therefore, filled with water which, in turn, has filled with fen. This picture, of the source of the Somme in 1986, shows it when the water table had fallen below the surface of the chalk in which the aquifer lies. Here, the flow of water had been sufficient to keep fen from forming.

This satellite photograph shows the fenny valley crossing the chalk to the sea on the left. The sinuous length at the centre of the picture lies downstream from Péronne.

One of the fens, the Marais de l'Île is a nature reserve in the town of St.Quentin. The traditional market gardens of Amiens, the Hortillonages are on this sort of land but drained. Once exploited for peat cutting, the fen is now used for fishing and shooting

In 2001, the Somme valley was affected by particularly high floods, which were in large part due to a rise in the water table of the surrounding land.

Monthly flow rates
Catchment area 5560 km2.
 * at Abbeville.

Flow rates at Hangest-sur-Somme
Daily flow rates compared with mean rates for the time of year at Hangest-sur-Somme (m³/s). Catchment area 4835 km2. 1993. 1995. 1997. 1998. 1999. 2001. 2003. 2005.
 * for the year -

Flow rates at Péronne
Mean flow rates monthly and daily at Péronne (m³/s). Catchment area 1294 km2. 1987. 1989. 1991.1992.1993. 1995.1996.1997.1999.2000.2001.2002.2003.2004.2005.
 * for the year -

Navigation and canals
The construction of the Canal de la Somme began in 1770 and reached completion in 1843. It is 156 km long, beginning at St.Simon and opening into the Bay of the Somme. From St.Simon to Froissy (near Bray sur Somme, south of Albert), the canal is alongside the river. Thence to the sea, the river is partly river and partly navigation. From Abbeville, it is diverted through the silted, former estuary, to Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, where the maritime canal, once called the canal du Duc d'Angoulême enters the English Channel. The St Quentin Canal, famous for the 1918 battle, links the Somme to northern France and Belgium and southward to the Oise. The Canal du Nord also links the Somme to the Oise, at Noyon, thence to Paris.

title: Somme (river)


text:
Talk:List of colleges and universities in the Philippines

Name change perhaps?
Is this supposed to be a list of universities only, or should it include colleges? If so, the name of the article should be changed. --Ronaldo Guevara 11:32, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Emilio Aguinaldo College
Hi! I noticed that the link from Emilio Aguinaldo College in this list will lead you to the biography of a Philippine hero whom the College was named from and not a link to a university or a college. Perhaps somebody could help. Thank you! Fddfred 07:58, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

List
The list of colleges and universities is very vague. It needs further revision. Isko1901 (talk) 04:50, 8 March 2010 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

No consensus to move. Vegaswikian (talk) 19:39, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

List of universities and colleges in the Philippines → List of universities in the Philippines — This is the standard name for such lists, used e.g. by the Asia templates. Cannot do it myself because the destination title is a non-recent redirect with 2 edits to it. -- Pgallert (talk) 13:56, 8 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Oppose The convention of is to keep universities and colleges together, and since this list includes both universities and colleges, the proposed new name would not accurately describe its contents. -- Brown HairedGirl (talk) • (contribs) 16:30, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

i propose deletion of this article
I think this article doesn't belong to Wikipedia at all. It looks more like a directory and a disorganized list prone to random vandalism. This article is very much better suited for WikiPilipinas instead. Zollerriia63 (talk) 07:10, 27 January 2011 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Reformat and Update
I will be updating the list to that of CHED's List of Higher Education Institutions AY 2021-2022 (https://ched.gov.ph/list-of-higher-education-institutions-2/). That is the latest authoritative list that I can find right now. I will group the institutions by region in table format with the following details: Name, Type (LUC, OGS, Private HEI, SUC Main, SUC Satellite - based on that list), Location, Year established, Year granted university status, Autonomous/Deregulated Status (per CHED's CMO no. 46 s. 2012 section 25) whether Autonomous (by evaluation), Autonomous (by legislation), Deregulated (by evaluation) or Regulated. This will replace the current alphabetical order format for the whole list. --JinJian (talk) 00:35, 24 July 2023 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Death by a thousand cats

Death by a thousand cats was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

An attempt at humor. Zero Google hits. Perhaps this might be a candidate for speedy deletion? -- The Anome 11:33, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * This doesn't sound very funny. And since when has Zero Google hits disqualified something from existing? Auric The Rad 12:04, Aug 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree, it's not funny: hence "attempt". Zero Google hits doesn't disqualify anything from existing, but it one of several rules of thumb for placing the onus of proof on the submitter. See Google test -- The Anome 12:16, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * delete as unverifiable/likely joke. Dunc_Harris|☺ 12:22, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless someone convinces us that it's not a joke. Title looks like a pun on Death by a thousand cuts. Andris 12:24, Aug 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * And/Or A Dream of a Thousand Cats (Neil Gaiman story). This is just silly. (Admittedly, people have done some very silly things in the name of justice, so if someone can come up with a reference, I'll change my vote; but I'm not counting on it.)-FZ 17:12, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: joke, not up to the lofty standards of nonsense found on BJAODN. Geogre 13:48, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not funny, not true. Average Earthman 14:55, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, for good reasons given by others, unless author or someone else supplies a good, high-credibility verifiable reference before expiration of VfD discussion period. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 15:48, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Joke by anon, part of a spree of edits all of which look like being reverted or deleted. Andrewa 22:29, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I've studied much history and have never heard of this before. Couldn't find any references to it either on any web searches.  If more info could be found, maybe it would make more sense to keep it. ScottyBoy900Q 20:56, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * 'Delete' --Vik-Thor 03:07, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. This would be less annoying if it were at least funny. Ian Maxwell 04:50, 2004 Aug 12 (UTC)
 * Delete. But it WAS funny, in my opinion. The title anyway. A thousand cats...hahaha. Oh boy. --Tothebarricades.tk 17:08, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
Johann Voldemar Jannsen

Johann Voldemar Jannsen ( in Vändra, Kreis Pernau, Livonia, Russian Empire –, in Tartu) was an Estonian journalist and poet active in Livonia.

He wrote the words of the patriotic song "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm", which later became the national anthem of Estonia. He was the father of the poet Lydia Koidula. As the leader of the choral society which organised the first nationwide Song Festival in Tartu in 1869, Jannsen played a crucial role in the Estonian National Awakening.

title: Johann Voldemar Jannsen


text:
Talk:Alfred Rosenberg

The first branch of the Advanced School of the NSDAP

 * I guess I should talk about this here? I keep trying to add this bit of info about the Institute for Study of the Jewish Question being the first branch of a projected Advanced School of the NSDAP (Hohe Schule) and Beyond My Ken keeps removing it. The first time he explained it by saying that it needed sources, I re-added it arguing that I had seen it in another part of Wikipedia (what is good for one entry should be good for every entry, I thought), and he removed it again arguing that "Wikipedia is not a reliable source". Which would be fine and dandy, except that he completely ignored that this time I had added sources, the same sources that the other Wikipedia entry uses. This is what one of them (The Jewish Museum Berlin, here: https://www.jmberlin.de/raub-und-restitution/en/glossar_i.php) says: "[The Institute] was the first branch of the planned elite National Socialist university "Hohe Schule."" I cannot access the other one, but this is what another article by the same author (which you can see here: https://www.errproject.org/docs/ERRParisLibraryLists2017.03.01.pdf) says: "Rosenberg had inaugurated the Institute for Research on the Jewish Question (...) in Frankfurtam Main, the only Hohe Schule institute that operated during the war".

 * How many more sources would I need for this small tidbit of info to prevent Beyond My Ken from removing it? Ten? Twenty? A sworn declaration by Ian Kershaw, Richard Evans, Ernst Piper and David Irving would be enough? Whatever it is, please ask and I shall try to find it. (62.57.34.204 (talk) 11:05, 16 July 2020 (UTC))
 * WP:Wikipedia is not a reliable source, however, if a sourced pieced of information is in one article, it can be added to another article as long as the source comes with it. For copyright purposes, the origin of the information (i.e. the other Wikipedia article) must be acknowledged. This can be done with the "copied" template, or, more simply, by mentioning the source in the edit summary, i.e. "adding information and source from XXXXX".   See WP:Copying within Wikipedia for more information. Beyond My Ken (talk) 22:13, 16 July 2020 (UTC)

 * Will do. I'll add the information, its source and I'll mention the Wikipedia source in the edit summary. (62.57.34.204 (talk) 10:34, 17 July 2020 (UTC))

title: Talk:Alfred Rosenberg


text:
Charles Henry Tilson Marshall

Charles Henry Tilson Marshall (1841 – 20 January 1927 ) was a British Army Officer, serving in the Punjab, India. In his spare time he collected birds in the Punjab and the Himalayas, and sent these to Allan Octavian Hume. He was the brother of George Frederick Leycester Marshall, with whom he published ornithological articles in The Ibis. He wrote The Game Birds of India, Burmah and Ceylon along with Allan Octavian Hume in three volumes between 1878 and 1880.

He was the father of entomologist Guy Anstruther Knox Marshall.

title: Charles Henry Tilson Marshall


text:
Blade server

A blade server is a stripped-down server computer with a modular design optimized to minimize the use of physical space and energy. Blade servers have many components removed to save space, minimize power consumption and other considerations, while still having all the functional components to be considered a computer. Unlike a rack-mount server, a blade server fits inside a blade enclosure, which can hold multiple blade servers, providing services such as power, cooling, networking, various interconnects and management. Together, blades and the blade enclosure form a blade system, which may itself be rack-mounted. Different blade providers have differing principles regarding what to include in the blade itself, and in the blade system as a whole.

In a standard server-rack configuration, one rack unit or 1U—19 in wide and 1.75 in tall—defines the minimum possible size of any equipment. The principal benefit and justification of blade computing relates to lifting this restriction so as to reduce size requirements. The most common computer rack form-factor is 42U high, which limits the number of discrete computer devices directly mountable in a rack to 42 components. Blades do not have this limitation. , densities of up to 180 servers per blade system (or 1440 servers per rack) are achievable with blade systems.

Blade enclosure
The enclosure (or chassis) performs many of the non-core computing services found in most computers. Non-blade systems typically use bulky, hot and space-inefficient components, and may duplicate these across many computers that may or may not perform at capacity. By locating these services in one place and sharing them among the blade computers, the overall utilization becomes higher. The specifics of which services are provided varies by vendor.

Power
Computers operate over a range of DC voltages, but utilities deliver power as AC, and at higher voltages than required within computers. Converting this current requires one or more power supply units (or PSUs). To ensure that the failure of one power source does not affect the operation of the computer, even entry-level servers may have redundant power supplies, again adding to the bulk and heat output of the design.

The blade enclosure's power supply provides a single power source for all blades within the enclosure. This single power source may come as a power supply in the enclosure or as a dedicated separate PSU supplying DC to multiple enclosures. This setup reduces the number of PSUs required to provide a resilient power supply.

The popularity of blade servers, and their own appetite for power, has led to an increase in the number of rack-mountable uninterruptible power supply (or UPS) units, including units targeted specifically towards blade servers (such as the BladeUPS).

Cooling
During operation, electrical and mechanical components produce heat, which a system must dissipate to ensure the proper functioning of its components. Most blade enclosures, like most computing systems, remove heat by using fans.

A frequently underestimated problem when designing high-performance computer systems involves the conflict between the amount of heat a system generates and the ability of its fans to remove the heat. The blade's shared power and cooling means that it does not generate as much heat as traditional servers. blade-enclosures feature variable-speed fans and control logic, or even liquid cooling systems that adjust to meet the system's cooling requirements.

At the same time, the increased density of blade-server configurations can still result in higher overall demands for cooling with racks populated at over 50% full. This is especially true with early-generation blades. In absolute terms, a fully populated rack of blade servers is likely to require more cooling capacity than a fully populated rack of standard 1U servers. This is because one can fit up to 128 blade servers in the same rack that will only hold 42 1U rack-mount servers.

Networking
Blade servers generally include integrated or optional network interface controllers for Ethernet or host adapters for Fibre Channel storage systems or converged network adapter to combine storage and data via one Fibre Channel over Ethernet interface. In many blades, at least one interface is embedded on the motherboard and extra interfaces can be added using mezzanine cards.

A blade enclosure can provide individual external ports to which each network interface on a blade will connect. Alternatively, a blade enclosure can aggregate network interfaces into interconnect devices (such as switches) built into the blade enclosure or in networking blades.

Storage
While computers typically use hard disks to store operating systems, applications and data, these are not necessarily required locally. Many storage connection methods (e.g. FireWire, SATA, E-SATA, SCSI, SAS DAS, FC and iSCSI) are readily moved outside the server, though not all are used in enterprise-level installations. Implementing these connection interfaces within the computer presents similar challenges to the networking interfaces (indeed iSCSI runs over the network interface), and similarly these can be removed from the blade and presented individually or aggregated either on the chassis or through other blades.

The ability to boot the blade from a storage area network (SAN) allows for an entirely disk-free blade, an example of which implementation is the Intel Modular Server System.

Other blades
Since blade enclosures provide a standard method for delivering basic services to computer devices, other types of devices can also utilize blade enclosures. Blades providing switching, routing, storage, SAN and fibre-channel access can slot into the enclosure to provide these services to all members of the enclosure.

Systems administrators can use storage blades where a requirement exists for additional local storage.

Uses
Blade servers function well for specific purposes such as web hosting, virtualization, and cluster computing. Individual blades are typically hot-swappable. As users deal with larger and more diverse workloads, they add more processing power, memory and I/O bandwidth to blade servers. Although blade-server technology in theory allows for open, cross-vendor systems, most users buy modules, enclosures, racks and management tools from the same vendor.

Eventual standardization of the technology might result in more choices for consumers;  increasing numbers of third-party software vendors have started to enter this growing field.

Blade servers do not, however, provide the answer to every computing problem. One can view them as a form of productized server-farm that borrows from mainframe packaging, cooling, and power-supply technology. Very large computing tasks may still require server farms of blade servers, and because of blade servers' high power density, can suffer even more acutely from the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning problems that affect large conventional server farms.

History
Developers first placed complete microcomputers on cards and packaged them in standard 19-inch racks in the 1970s, soon after the introduction of 8-bit microprocessors. This architecture was used in the industrial process control industry as an alternative to minicomputer-based control systems. Early models stored programs in EPROM and were limited to a single function with a small real-time executive.

The VMEbus architecture (c. 1981) defined a computer interface that included implementation of a board-level computer installed in a chassis backplane with multiple slots for pluggable boards to provide I/O, memory, or additional computing.

In the 1990s, the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group PICMG developed a chassis/blade structure for the then emerging Peripheral Component Interconnect bus PCI called CompactPCI. CompactPCI was actually invented by Ziatech Corp of San Luis Obispo, CA and developed into an industry standard. Common among these chassis-based computers was the fact that the entire chassis was a single system. While a chassis might include multiple computing elements to provide the desired level of performance and redundancy, there was always one master board in charge, or two redundant fail-over masters coordinating the operation of the entire system. Moreover, this system architecture provided management capabilities not present in typical rack mount computers, much more like in ultra-high reliability systems, managing power supplies, cooling fans as well as monitoring health of other internal components.

Demands for managing hundreds and thousands of servers in the emerging Internet Data Centers where the manpower simply didn't exist to keep pace a new server architecture was needed. In 1998 and 1999 this new Blade Server Architecture was developed at Ziatech based on their Compact PCI platform to house as many as 14 "blade servers" in a standard 19" 9U high rack mounted chassis, allowing in this configuration as many as 84 servers in a standard 84 Rack Unit 19" rack. What this new architecture brought to the table was a set of new interfaces to the hardware specifically to provide the capability to remotely monitor the health and performance of all major replaceable modules that could be changed/replaced while the system was in operation. The ability to change/replace or add modules within the system while it is in operation is known as Hot-Swap. Unique to any other server system the Ketris Blade servers routed Ethernet across the backplane (where server blades would plug-in) eliminating more than 160 cables in a single 84 Rack Unit high 19" rack.  For a large data center tens of thousands of Ethernet cables, prone to failure would be eliminated. Further this architecture provided the capabilities to inventory modules installed in the system remotely in each system chassis without the blade servers operating.  This architecture enabled the ability to provision (power up, install operating systems and applications software) (e.g. a Web Servers) remotely from a Network Operations Center (NOC).  The system architecture when this system was announced was called Ketris, named after the Ketri Sword, worn by nomads in such a way as to be drawn very quickly as needed.  First envisioned by Dave Bottom and developed by an engineering team at Ziatech Corp in 1999 and demonstrated at the Networld+Interop show in May 2000. Patents were awarded for the Ketris blade server architecture. In October 2000 Ziatech was acquired by Intel Corp and the Ketris Blade Server systems would become a product of the Intel Network Products Group.

PICMG expanded the CompactPCI specification with the use of standard Ethernet connectivity between boards across the backplane. The PICMG 2.16 CompactPCI Packet Switching Backplane specification was adopted in Sept 2001. This provided the first open architecture for a multi-server chassis.

The Second generation of Ketris would be developed at Intel as an architecture for the telecommunications industry to support the build out of IP base telecom services and in particular the LTE (Long Term Evolution) Cellular Network build-out. PICMG followed with this larger and more feature-rich AdvancedTCA specification, targeting the telecom industry's need for a high availability and dense computing platform with extended product life (10+ years). While AdvancedTCA system and boards typically sell for higher prices than blade servers, the operating cost (manpower to manage and maintain) are dramatically lower, where operating cost often dwarf the acquisition cost for traditional servers. AdvancedTCA promote them for telecommunications customers, however in the real world implementation in Internet Data Centers where thermal as well as other maintenance and operating cost had become prohibitively expensive, this blade server architecture with remote automated provisioning, health and performance monitoring and management would be a significantly less expensive operating cost.

The first commercialized blade-server architecture was invented by Christopher Hipp and David Kirkeby, and their patent was assigned to Houston-based RLX Technologies. RLX, which consisted primarily of former Compaq Computer Corporation employees, including Hipp and Kirkeby, shipped its first commercial blade server in 2001. RLX was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 2005.

The name blade server appeared when a card included the processor, memory, I/O and non-volatile program storage (flash memory or small hard disk(s)). This allowed manufacturers to package a complete server, with its operating system and applications, on a single card/board/blade. These blades could then operate independently within a common chassis, doing the work of multiple separate server boxes more efficiently. In addition to the most obvious benefit of this packaging (less space consumption), additional efficiency benefits have become clear in power, cooling, management, and networking due to the pooling or sharing of common infrastructure to support the entire chassis, rather than providing each of these on a per server box basis.

In 2011, research firm IDC identified the major players in the blade market as HP, IBM, Cisco, and Dell. Other companies selling blade servers include Supermicro, Hitachi.

Blade models
The prominent brands in the blade server market are Supermicro, Cisco Systems, HPE, Dell and IBM, though the latter sold its x86 server business to Lenovo in 2014 after selling its consumer PC line to Lenovo in 2005.

In 2009, Cisco announced blades in its Unified Computing System product line, consisting of 6U high chassis, up to 8 blade servers in each chassis. It had a heavily modified Nexus 5K switch, rebranded as a fabric interconnect, and management software for the whole system. HP's initial line consisted of two chassis models, the c3000 which holds up to 8 half-height ProLiant line blades (also available in tower form), and the c7000 (10U) which holds up to 16 half-height ProLiant blades. Dell's product, the M1000e is a 10U modular enclosure and holds up to 16 half-height PowerEdge blade servers or 32 quarter-height blades.

title: Blade server


text:
Federweisser

Federweisser (also Federweißer), is an alcoholic beverage commonly made in continental Europe. It is the product of fermented freshly pressed grape juice, known as must. The term Federweisser in principle includes all stages of fermentation, from must to finished wine. It is typically 9% alcohol by volume, although versions of up to 13.5% alcohol by volume are not uncommon. In contrast to all other alcoholic beverages, the alcohol content stated on a bottle of Federweisser is inconclusive, and presents an uppermost limit, not the actual content at any given time.

Across Europe, it is known as Suser, Sauser, Neuer Süßer ('sweet' or 'new sweet'), or Junger Wein ('young wine') in Southwest Germany, Switzerland and South Tyrol, Fiederwäissen in Luxembourg, Sturm ('storm') in Austria, Federweißer in Bavaria, Neuer Wein ('new wine') in the Palatinate, Federweißer in Franconia, burčiak in Slovakia, burčák in Czech Republic, vin bourru or vernache in France, murci or karcos in Hungary, "მაჭარი" (machari) in Georgia, and "մաճառ" (machar) in Armenia.

In Switzerland, the term Federweisser has a different meaning. There, it refers to a white wine made from red grapes, typically pinot noir.

Germany
In Germany, Federweißer, Neuer Wein and Bitzler are the most common generic terms. Federweißer is made from white grape must, and the Federroter variant is from red grape must. The next stage before the finished fermented wine is called young wine for all grape varieties.

Around the middle of the 19th century, the German Dictionary of the Brothers Grimm suggested that the name Federweißer was derived from the old term Federweiß for alum, which was previously added to wine as a preservative. However, as such agents are only added at later stages of maturation, it is now assumed that the yeast cells, which Federweißer contains as a suspended matter as any partially fermented grape must, gave it its name due to its feather(Feder)-white(Weiss) colour. In German, the word is declined like "der Weiße", i.e. “man trinkt den Federweißen”.

Austria
In Austria, the terms Federweißer, Federroter, Neuer Wein and Bitzler are not used. According to Austrian wine law, partially fermented grape must, regardless of colour, be called Sturm and there are several regional specialities with their own names:

In Styria, the cloudy pink to violet-coloured Schilchersturm is produced. This partially fermented grape must is made from the Blauer Wildbacher grape variety, which is traditionally used to make the rosé wine Schilcher.

In eastern Austria, a distinction is also made between Staubigen or Gestaubten, which represents the next stage of maturity from Sturm to Heurigen.

In southern Burgenland, Uhudler, a light red to rosé-coloured blended wine made from certain grape varieties, is also offered in its early stages as (white, red or rosé) Uhudlersturm.

In Austria, it is customary not to say "Prost" when drinking the "Sturm". If the grape juice has not yet fermented, "Mahlzeit" or "Krixikraxi" is said instead. Anyone who disregards this must "buy a round" as a punishment. The glasses of the "unbaptised" storm are held in the left hand and not clinked. Only when the grape juice has fully fermented and the wine has been "baptised", which is the case from St Martin's Day (11 November) onwards, may "Prost" be said.

Switzerland
In Switzerland, both the white and red versions of partially fermented grape must are usually called Sauser. Federweisser does not refer to partially fermented grape must, but to white wine or sparkling wine made from red grapes, i.e. Blanc de Noirs.

Grape Varieties
In early autumn in particular, some fermented grape must is produced from early-ripening grape varieties such as Bacchus, Ortega or Siegerrebe specifically for consumption at this stage; large-scale producers sometimes also use must from southern Europe, which is delivered in tankers. As autumn approaches and grapes ripen, any grape variety can be used. Red varieties are mainly produced in classic red wine regions such as the Ahr, but also in other wine-growing regions. Early-ripening red varieties such as Pinot Noir Précoce or Dornfelder are particularly suitable.

Fermentation
Once yeast has been added, grapes begin to ferment rapidly. The sugar contained in the grapes is broken down into alcohol and carbon dioxide (glycolysis). As soon as an alcohol content of four percent has been reached, Federweißer may be sold. It continues to ferment until all the sugar has been broken down and an alcohol content of about ten percent has been reached.

Marketing
Partially fermented grape must can be sold from an alcohol content of around 4%. It continues to ferment until most of the sugar it contains has been converted into alcohol and then has an alcohol content of around 11%.

Due to the rapid progression of fermentation, partially fermented grape must can only be stored for a short time, even when refrigerated and should be used up after a few days. Because new carbon dioxide is constantly being produced, the containers must not be sealed airtight, otherwise they would burst. As the open containers could only be stored upright and fermentation could not be delayed due to a lack of effective cooling, transport over longer distances was not possible in the past. Partially fermented grape must was therefore known almost exclusively in the wine-growing regions.

This is where it is still sold directly by winegrowers on the street today, as well as where most of the early wine festivals took place, some of which are known as "Bitzlerfeste" in the Palatinate, for example. The two largest German events of this kind, at which the partially fermented grape must plays a role alongside the matured grape must and which attract hundreds of thousands of visitors, are the German Grape Harvest Festival in Neustadt an der Weinstraße with the election of the German Wine Queen and the Federweißen Festival in Landau in der Pfalz, at which the new vintage is christened.

Depending on the start of the grape harvest, partially fermented grape must is available in shops and restaurants from the beginning of September to the end of October. By storing harvested grapes in a cool place and processing them later, some winegrowers extend the sales period into November or even December. In Austria, the wine law states that Sturm may be sold from 1 August to 31 December and must have an alcohol content of at least 1%.

As a beverage
Due to the carbonation, Federweißer tastes quite refreshing, not unlike a light grape soda or a sweet sparkling wine. As fermentation progresses, however, Federweißer may increasingly assume a darker, often amber-like or light brown hue. In general, Federweißer is made from white grapes; when made from red grapes, the drink is called Federroter, Roter Sauser, or Roter Rauscher. Federroter is less common than Federweißer. Because of rapid fermentation, Federweißer can not be stored for long and should be consumed within a few days of purchase. As carbonic acid is constantly produced, the bottles can not be sealed airtight and have a permeable lid (they would burst otherwise). They must be stored in an upright position to allow the gas to continuously escape from the bottle and to prevent spilling. Federweißer also contains lactic acid bacteria and a high proportion of vitamins B1 and B2. It has a strong effect on the function of the intestine, especially on its peristalsis.

Depending on the date of the grape harvest, it is available from early September to late October, and is generally served together with savoury food. The classic combination is Federweißer and Zwiebelkuchen, although Federweißer and chestnuts is also popular. . In the south-western part of Germany and neighboring Alsace, it is accompanied by Flammkuchen. '''

Federweißer contains yeast, lactic acid bacteria, and a large amount of vitamin B1 and B2.

title: Federweisser


text:
User:Codemoose

User Codemoose

You've somehow landed on the user-description page for some guy who decided to call himself "Codemoose".

He lived in Alaska - and moose used to eat his trees, and he also likes code (particularly XHTML CSS, and if asked, will help others with their [HTML] and will someday publish his 3-day pure-code course at codemoose.com.

He's not only a computer geek, but loves photography, music (was once in a marching band and also taught guitar) and other things he can't think of at the moment.

His favorite saying (it's not hard to determine why) is "A wise man is a fool with a good memory.

He enjoys watching David Letterman and cooking up new foods with his wonderful wife and attempting to get her more into photography (so far she likes photography).

title: User:Codemoose


text:
List of companies of Slovakia

Slovakia is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak.

Slovakia is a high-income advanced economy with a very high Human Development Index, a very high standard of living and performs favourably in measurements of civil liberties, press freedom, internet freedom, democratic governance and peacefulness. The country maintains a combination of market economy with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. The country joined the European Union in 2004 and the Eurozone on 1 January 2009. Slovakia is also a member of the Schengen Area, NATO, the United Nations, the OECD, the WTO, CERN, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group. The Slovak economy is one of the fastest-growing economies in Europe and 3rd fastest in eurozone. Its legal tender, the Euro, is the world's 2nd most traded currency. Although regional income inequality is high, 90% of citizens own their homes. In 2016, Slovak citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 165 countries and territories, ranking the Slovak passport 11th in the world. Slovakia is the world's biggest per-capita car producer with a total of 1,040,000 cars manufactured in the country in 2016 alone. The car industry represents 43 percent of Slovakia's industrial output, and a quarter of its exports.

For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations, see "Business entities in Slovakia".

Notable firms
This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.

title: List of companies of Slovakia


text:
File:Llewellyn Grave.jpg

Licensing
Removed from the following pages: --OrphanBot 09:41, 28 January 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) Tower Hamlets Cemetery

title: File:Llewellyn Grave.jpg


text:
Sutton Coldfield transmitting station

The Sutton Coldfield transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility located in Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, England. In terms of population covered, it is the third most important transmitter in the UK, after Crystal Palace in London and Winter Hill near Bolton.

History
On 17 December 1949, it became the first television transmitter to broadcast outside London and the Home Counties, bringing BBC Television to viewers outside of the south-east of England for the first time.

In 1949 the site housed Britain's first post-war Band 1 405 line television transmitter. When it was taken out of service in 1981 it was one of the oldest working television transmitters in the world. It was actually two transmitters combined into a single antenna: T1 was a Marconi 12 kW sound transmitter of conventional design. T2 was the 50 kW vision transmitter. Its unusual design used high-level modulation dc-coupled to the final RF stage's grid. The modulator stages were built by EMI, most of the RF stages by Marconi and the power supplies by Metropolitan-Vickers. They were later supplemented by two Marconi medium-power reserves: T3 2kW sound and T4 5kW vision.

For most of 1965, it had a low-power BBC2 service; this was turned onto full power on 4 October 1965; the East Midlands had no BBC2 service until Waltham began transmissions on 31 August 1968.

A new mast was built around 1983 to replace the original structure, primarily to support new mixed-polarisation FM antennas.

A 788 ft tall temporary mast was erected alongside the 1983 mast in the spring of 2009 while the latter's height was increased by 100 ft to 887.5 ft. After four years in service and almost a year after the completion of digital switch over, the temporary mast was removed during August 2013.

All analogue TV transmissions ceased on 21 September 2011, as part of the digital switchover. This made it one of the oldest transmitters in the country to formally end analogue broadcasts.

Services
With a mast height of 270.5 m, it is one of the most powerful transmitters in England, powered at 200 kilowatts ERP for digital television and 250 kW for FM radio. The coverage extends as far south as Chipping Norton in Oxfordshire and as far north as Stoke-on-Trent. However, there are many relay transmitters around the Midlands that extend coverage even further.

The transmitter broadcasts eight digital television multiplexes, as well as VHF or FM transmitters for the four BBC national stations; the BBC's local service BBC WM on FM and DAB; independent national station Classic FM and local commercial radio stations Free Radio Birmingham, Heart West Midlands, Greatest Hits West Midlands (previously Kerrang 105.2 until June 2013, Planet Rock until September 2015, and Absolute Radio until December 2018) and Smooth West Midlands.

When opened as a UHF TV transmitter, Sutton Coldfield was a B grouping, but with the advent of digital broadcasting one of the six muxes could not be fitted into the original B group due to co-channel considerations. Thus mux 6 was transmitted slightly out of band on UHF Channel 55, though this would still be receivable on most B group aerials as this graph makes clear. In July 2007, it was confirmed by Ofcom that Sutton Coldfield would return to an undisputed B group transmitter post-digital switchover; a process that was completed on 21 September 2011.

An MF transmitter for Radio Birmingham (now BBC WM) used to be installed at this site, but could only be operated at 5 kW instead of the planned 10 kW because of interference to video equipment on the site. It was eventually replaced with a transmitter at the nearby Langley Mill MF site owned by Arqiva. This transmitter is currently used for the BBC Asian Network.

The station is now owned by Arqiva.

Analogue
Analogue television signals are no longer broadcast from Sutton Coldfield as of 21 September 2011.

Relays
The transmitter is served by a set of 35 local relays, delivering signals to areas shaded from it by hills and the curve of the Earth. These are:

Allesley Park

Brailes

Bretch Hill

Bridgnorth

Brierley Hill

Cheadle

Earl Sterndale

Edgbaston

Fenton

Gib Heath

Gravelly Hill

Haden Hill

Hamstead

Harborne

Hartington

Ipstones Edge

Ironbridge

Kenilworth

Kidderminster

Kinver

Leamington Spa

Leek

Long Compton

Malvern

Oakamoor

Perry Beeches

Queslett

Redditch

Repton

Rugeley

Tenbury Wells

Turves Green

Whittingslow

Winchcombe

Winshill

Woodford Halse

Digital switchover
Digital switchover took place at Sutton Coldfield in September 2011. In preparation for this, major engineering works took place at the station. The mast height was increased from 245 m to 270.5 m and the UHF television antennas were replaced. This was accomplished through the use of a temporary 240.2 m mast constructed to broadcast all the area's services so that the main mast could be worked on 'cold'.

As at other stations, the digital switchover took place in two stages:

In the first stage (7 September 2011):

 * BBC Two analogue (Channel 40) closed down
 * Low-power BBC multiplex (Mux 1) on channel 41 closed down
 * Low-power SDN multiplex (Mux A) moved from channel 47 to channel 41 (until stage 2)
 * ITV analogue moved from channel 43 to channel 40 (until stage 2)
 * High-power multiplex BBC A started on channel 43

In the second stage (21 September 2011):

 * BBC One analogue (Channel 46) closed down
 * ITV analogue (Channel 40) closed down
 * Channel 4 analogue (Channel 50) closed down
 * Mux 1 (C41), Mux 2 (C44), Mux A (C47), Mux B (C51), Mux C (C52) and Mux D (C55) closed down
 * All multiplexes increased in power to 200,000 watts (200 kW)
 * New multiplexes came on air: SDN on C42, Arqiva A on C45, Arqiva B on C39, Digital 3&4 on C46 and BBC B on C40.

HD broadcasts were moved from the Lichfield transmitter to Sutton Coldfield on the BBC B multiplex (C40, 626.2 MHz). The Lichfield transmitter ceased the broadcast of all television services (Analogue Channel 5 and Digital BBC B (Mux HD)), with all six multiplexes being broadcast from Sutton Coldfield.

title: Sutton Coldfield transmitting station


text:
Eastern European cuisine

Eastern European cuisine encompasses many different cultures, ethnicities, languages, and histories of Eastern Europe.

The cuisine of the region is strongly influenced by its climate and still varies, depending on a country. For example, East Slavic countries of the Sarmatic Plain (Belarusian, Russian and Ukrainian cuisine) show many similarities.

Characteristics
According to the Ethnic Food Lover's Companion, all significant Eastern European cuisines are closely connected with the political, social and economic revival of the region, following the long periods of historical turmoil. "These are substantial cuisines, meaty, rooty, smoky – part comfort food, part extravagance." Their main ingredients include eggs, used most frequently in doughs and pastries; dairy products (with yogurt and cheese among the staples); grains, including rye, barley, wheat, buckwheat and millet used in kashas and in the making of breads; vegetables, in cold storage and in pickling; fish (salmon, pike, carp and herring), birds and poultry (chicken, duck, goose, partridge, quail, turkey); red meats such as veal, beef, pork and mutton; and plentiful fruits including pears, plums, cherries, raspberries, pomegranates, dates, and figs, used for desserts and a variety of liqueurs. The nutritional index of traditional dishes is generally high cholesterol, high sodium, and high fat.

Books on Eastern European cuisine

 * Елена Молоховец, Подарок молодым хозяйкам, 1861–1917; in Russian. English edition: Elena Molokhovets, Classic Russian Cooking: A Gift to Young Housewives. Indiana University Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0253212108
 * Institute of Nutrition of the Academy of Medical Scientists of the USSR, Книга о вкусной и здоровой пище. Москва: Пищевая промышленность, 1939–1999; in Russian. English edition: The Book of Tasty and Healthy Food: Iconic Cookbook of the Soviet Union. SkyPeak Publishing LLC, 2012, ISBN 978-0615691350
 * Кулинария. Госторгиздат, 1955-1958 (Cookery, Moscow: Soviet state publishing house for business literature, 1955–1558; Russian)
 * В. В. Похлебкин, Национальные кухни наших народов. Москва: Пищевая промышленность, 1980, ISBN 978-5952427839; in Russian. English edition: V. V. Pokhlebkin. Russian Delight: A Cookbook of the Soviet People, London: Pan Books, 1978
 * В. В. Похлёбкин, Кулинарный словарь от А до Я. Москва: Центрполиграф, 2000, ISBN 5-227-00460-9 (William Pokhlyobkin, Culinary Dictionary. Moscow: Centrpoligraf, 2000; Russian)
 * J. Gronow, S. Zhuravlev, The Establishment of Soviet Haute Cuisine. In Educated Tastes: Food, Drink, and Connoisseur Culture. Ed: Jeremy Strong. University of Nebraska Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0803219359
 * Darra Goldstein, A Taste of Russia: A Cookbook of Russia Hospitality, Russian Life Books, 2nd edition: 1999, ISBN 978-1940585031
 * Darra Goldstein, The Georgian Feast: The Vibrant Culture and Savory Food of Georgia. University of California Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0520275911
 * Anya Von Bremzen, John Welchman. Please to the Table: The Russian Cookbook. Workman Pub., 1990. ISBN 9780894807534
 * Metzger, Christine (ed.), Culinaria Germany. Cambridge: Ullmann, 2008.
 * Robert Strybel, Maria Strybel, Polish Heritage Cookery. Hippocrene Books, 2005. ISBN 9780781811248
 * Massimo Montanari, Il mondo in cucina (The world in the kitchen). Laterza, 2002
 * Sidney Mintz. Tasting Food, Tasting Freedom: Excursions into Eating, Power, and the Past. Beacon Press, 1997, ISBN 0807046299
 * Mintalová – Zubercová, Zora: Všetko okolo stola I.(All around the table I.), Vydavateľstvo Matice slovenskej, 2009, ISBN 978-80-89208-94-4
 * Л. Я. Старовойт, М. С. Косовенко, Ж. М. Смирнова, Кулінарія. Київ: Вища школа, 1992, ISBN 5-11-002319-0 (L. Ya. Starovoit, M. S. Kosovenko, Zh. M. Smirnova, Cookery, Kyiv: Vyscha Shkola, 1992; Ukrainian)
 * Українські страви. Київ: Державне видавництво технiчної лiтератури УРСР, 1960 (Ukrainian Dishes. Kyiv: State publishing house of the Ukrainian SSR, 1960; Ukrainian)
 * Л. М. Безусенко (ред.): Українська нацiональна кухня. Київ: Сталкер, 2002, ISBN 966-596-462-3 (L. M. Besussenko (Ed.): Ukrainian National Cuisine. Kyiv: Stalker, 2002; Ukrainian)
 * Л. М. Безусенко (ред.): Українська нацiональна кухня. Київ: Сталкер, 2002, ISBN 966-596-462-3 (L. M. Besussenko (Ed.): Ukrainian National Cuisine. Kyiv: Stalker, 2002; Ukrainian)

title: Eastern European cuisine


text:
Barleycove

Barleycove or Barley Cove is a bay and beach in County Cork, on the south coast of Ireland. It is situated close to Mizen Head on the Mizen Peninsula, with Crookhaven or Goleen being the nearest villages. The area surrounding Barleycove is popular during the summer months. The beach itself has been designated as one of several Special Areas of Conservation in Ireland under the European Union's Habitats Directive, due to the variety of wildlife and habitats in the sand dunes.

Origin of dunes
On 1 November 1755 there was an earthquake and tsunami recorded in Lisbon, Portugal. It was reported in the Cork Journal of 2 November 1755 that 15 ft waves were experienced as a result of this event. A side-effect of the tsunami is the dune system at Barley Cove, where much of the beach's sand was deposited by these large waves.

title: Barleycove


text:
User:Donvinzk

25 years old phd student in fluid mechanics.

= Sandbox for Sicily timeline =

title: User:Donvinzk


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Alice Cleaver

Wikipedia is not a geaneological dictionary. Dunc_Harris|☺ 12:09, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, the article isn't talking about somebody who had no effect at all - this is related to the only first class child to die in the sinking of the Titanic. However, it appears it is incorrect - a quick search on the internet reveals that [articles that actually give references] state the Titanic survivor was one Alice Catherine Cleaver, not Alice Mary Cleaver (alleged child killer), and that Alice Catherine Cleaver returned to England where she married and had two children, while Alice Mary Cleaver died in prison. Therefore, the article as it stands should be factually disputed. Average Earthman 15:14, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I've added an accuracy dispute flag and cleaned up the formatting a bit (but not the spelling and grammar), and I'm wondering exactly what message to send the creator, who is an anon and whose only edits so far are to this article. The poor grammar, spelling and wikiformatting, plus the doubtful status of the information, and the topic, all remind me strongly of the schoolwork of some of my relatives... I'm talking about bright primary age schoolchildren here. Food for thought? If that's the case, we need to be welcoming but not distracted. Andrewa 22:18, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * The original author is obviously following this, as they keep returning with extra un-formatted information. Perhaps if they named the title and publisher of the mentioned biography this would solve the problem. The story seems to have changed since I first edited it, she now no longer seems to have murdered her own child. Which suggests the original subject was a confused identity. Name the biography or delete.Giano 07:12, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. - Centrx 17:16, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * The incomplete book title has now been put on. Having read the discussion page- this all seems a bit creepy, why doesn't the author just justify it  here, as they are obviously reading it. Something odd going on. again say delete Giano 17:49, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
Björn von Sydow

Björn Gustaf von Sydow (born 26 November 1945) is a former speaker (talman) of the Riksdag, the Swedish parliament. He held this office following the 2002 election, when he succeeded Birgitta Dahl, until he was replaced on 2 October 2006. A member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party, he had been Minister of Defence in Göran Persson's government between 1997 and 2002, preceded by a short term as Minister of Commerce and Industry.

Apart from leading the Riksdag sessions, von Sydow was also while in office eligible to serve as acting-regent (Riksföreståndare) in the absence of the King and his three children, e.g. if they all went abroad simultaneously, although that never happened.

The speaker also had a key role when the government resigned. However, when Göran Persson asked for his resignation after the lost 2006 election, the parliamentary situation was very clear, so already on 19 September 2006 Sydow could formally ask Fredrik Reinfeldt to begin the formation of a new government to take office after the new Riksdag has assembled to approve it. On 2 October 2006, the changed majority situation in the Riksdag also had Sydow replaced by Moderate Party politician and previous Vice Speaker Per Westerberg. Already before the election, Sydow had stated that he was not interested in a Vice Speaker position, so that office went to fellow Social Democrat Jan Björkman.

von Sydow was awarded a Ph.D. in political science at Linköping University in 1978, and later worked as rector of the Social Work College at Stockholm University. In 2008, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Björn von Sydow has taken his mother's surname and is a distant relative of the actor Max von Sydow. He lives in Solna outside Stockholm, is married and has four children.

title: Björn von Sydow


text:
User talk:Alkollar

I have been receiving this error. "An error has occurred. Please try again later." Whenever I try to rate the Wikipedia page of the person I'm searching. Could you help me, I'd like my ratings to count. Thanks. Al (talk) 03:42, 26 February 2013 (UTC)

 * My suggestion would be to follow those instructions and to try again later. That sounds like a temporary issue that should be fixed in a few hours or maybe tomorrow. Huon (talk) 03:53, 26 February 2013 (UTC)

(2 questions) Am I the only one having this trouble? Is there a page to see Wikipedia Problems & Outages? Thanks Al (talk) 04:25, 26 February 2013 (UTC)

 * No, it's not just you. I've just tested it and had the same error message.
 * 1) The most relevant place would probably be Village pump (technical). I've raised the question at Village pump (technical). Huon (talk) 06:13, 26 February 2013 (UTC)

It is great that you have been updating ownership information in the List of radio stations in Ohio artice, I suspect your source is badly out of date or possibly just inaccurate. Jacor Communications has not existed for a few years. Jacor was purchased by Clear Channel and most of the Jacor stations are now Clear Channel stations. Similarly, Citicasters is the name that Clear Channel uses when licensing stations through the FCC. So essentially, Citicasters=Clear Channel. I also noticed that the ownership information you entered for WHIZ was out of date. While the ownership information is appreciated, you may want to investigate your source a little more. Richardsur 12:13, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Hello, "Alkollar" and welcome to Wikipedia. A few tips for you:

. -- Infrogmation 04:03, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * Peruse Welcome, newcomers and associated pages, such as
 * How to edit a page
 * How to write a great article
 * Naming conventions
 * Manual of Style
 * You can experiment in the Sandbox.
 * Sign talk page entries with ~, which is automatically converted to a name and date.
 * If you have any questions, see Help, or you can a question at the Help desk.
 * I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian.

Article Feedback deployment
Hey Alkollar; I'm dropping you this note because you've used the article feedback tool in the last month or so. On Thursday and Friday the tool will be down for a major deployment; it should be up by Saturday, failing anything going wrong, and by Monday if something does :). Thanks, Okeyes (WMF) (talk) 22:01, 13 March 2013 (UTC)

May 2013
Please do not add unreferenced or poorly referenced information, especially if controversial, to articles or any other page on Wikipedia about living persons, as you did to Leigh-Allyn Baker. Thank you. Geraldo Perez (talk) 01:30, 17 May 2013 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for January 21
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited 1973 in film, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page Shamus (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 12:12, 21 January 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alkollar


text:
Battle of Kock

There were at least four important battles fought in the vicinity of Kock, Poland:
 * Battle of Kock (1809) fought during the Napoleonic Wars
 * Battle of Kock (1920) fought during the Polish–Soviet War
 * Battle of Kock (1939) during the German invasion of Poland
 * Battle of Kock (1944) fought during Operation Tempest (World War II)

title: Battle of Kock


text:
Chaos 2

Chaos 2 is a combat robot from the UK Television Series Robot Wars, designed and built by self-employed mechanic George Francis, from Ipswich, and operated by Team Chaos. Twice winner of the UK Robot Wars Championship and the only robot with that distinction, it was the first robot to use its flipper to throw its opponents out of the arena altogether. This machine was also the first to defeat Hypno-Disc in Series 3. Its flipper is commonly considered to be one of the most powerful in Robot Wars, although it is not as powerful as the catapult-style flipper of Wheely Big Cheese. However, its weapon is superior in terms of efficiency, but has a limited supply of, which provides the power for the weapon. The robot has been reincarnated several times over the years, previously appearing as Robot The Bruce and Chaos. Its flipper was also used as a self-righting mechanism when the robot was inverted, flipping the entire robot over in a half-somersault so it could continue fighting.

Chaos 2 is an inaugural member of the Combat Robot Hall of Fame. It also has its own pullback toy, pullback minibot and DVD.

Team Chaos had a small rivalry with Team Mace. The two teams first met in the Heat Final of Series 2. Mace pushed Chaos into Matilda, who flipped Chaos over. Chaos attempted to self-right, but was unable to because Francis and Cutter had forgotten to fit pieces of plastic on the back of the robot to help it self-right. In the next series, the teams met again in the second round of the Series Semi-Finals. This time however, Chaos 2 flipped Mace 2 over, and this time Mace 2 was unable to self-right, and Chaos 2 was declared the winner, to go through to the Grand Final. Gemini, Team Mace's entry for Series 4 and 5, never faced Chaos 2 (despite the likelihood increasing due to Gemini's heat being placed among the first eight in Series 4, when it should not have been), so the scores stay at one victory each for the two teams.

Chaos 2 also holds the record of being the only robot to successfully defend its title in the series (winning the Series 3 and 4 championships in a row), as well as being the first robot to remove a competitor from the arena during battle (doing this with Firestorm in Series 3, though not intentionally).

Series 3

 * UK Championship

 * First World Championship

Chaos 2 represented England in this competition.

Series 4

 * UK Championship

 * Northern Annihilator

Robot Wars Extreme - Series 1

 * All Stars Championship

 * Second World Championship

Chaos 2 represented the UK in this competition.

Series 5

 * UK Championship

Series 6

 * UK Championship

Robot Wars Extreme - Series 2

 * All Stars Championship

This was its final fight. However, after this loss, it received an overhaul to bring it back to working order. Chaos 2 continued to fight in live events for a while before becoming a static display, its last appearance being in 2007. As of 2019, George Francis still has Chaos 2 in his possession.

title: Chaos 2