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Talk:Samanid Empire

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Untitled
Hello!

I think there is a mistake here; Samanid is different from Sassanid.

Samanids and Tajiks
It should be noted that the tajik identity was formed after the occupation of Central Asia by Turks. I.e. it is a privative(?)definition. It means persian speaking as opposed to turkish speaking. Since at the time of Samanids Central Asia was not occupied or controlled by Turkic tribes Tajik identity does not make sense. It was after the Samanids that turic tribes took control over the region.

RE: Can You prove that? Bring some sources, please,. I would like to know my history.

 * Actually the Tajik identity was formed when the Persians from Iran migrated in mass to Central Asia during the Arab invasions, that is according to Iranologist Richard Nelson Frye. --Behnam 06:55, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

This is just a claim and highly questionable and debatable as ricahrd nelson frye is known to make outragoues claims like this one. It almost seems that Everything in Central asia has descended from Persian(iranians) when infact no scholars from afghanistan or tajikstan or in the region has verified or accepted this claim. The tajiks were first to migrate to what is now iran. Ironically Iranians come from what is now tajikistan and afghanistan. Also there are too many people here are reading the western version of central asia and afghanistan history and just tie it into the persian history because they speak the same language which is not true because persian is a western terminology and historically incorrect when reffering to DARI or afghansPashtun786 05:41, 2 May 2007 (UTC)Pashtun786

Pashtun Dombdar,

Tajik is a sononymus for Persian. Persians of central Asia use it to define Persians there. Tajiks are not turks, they are pure Indo-Europeans. People who live in Turkey or in areas where they make a minority like in Kurdistan people call them as well as Tajik. Some great Poets called themself as well as Tajiks like Saadi. Even in the Shahnama Soraab (i think it is Sorab) call himself as Tajik. Tajik was used for 2000 years ago to descibe Avestan speaking people by Indians. Even chinese´s and tibetans use this word till today to descibe all Persian people, including those in Iran and Aserbaidshan (Tats). But Pashtuns have turkish origine, at least all non-Kanlari-groups. Jaji= Jajra, Karokhil= Karo, Ghalzai/Ghilzai= Khilij, Abdali= Ebdali (indo-europeans of non-iranic origine from Sibiria and east mongolia who became very strong turkizised). And now add all sub-groups, too.

Dari is the language of Iran, Tajikistan and Persian Afghans while Awghans/Aoghans speak Pashto, a SOUTH-EASTERN iranian language. That means there is no relation to the avestan (bactrian-sogdian-Parsi->Kambuji people). Awghans->Ashvakans! first vedic speaking people who became as well mixed by drawidas and later had developed an own stock of the indo-aryan language, of course not intentionally.

Parsi is Parsi. It differ just in it´s dialects. Btw, our dialect is known as Parsi e/Palawi e Khorassani!! to understand that you have to see who parthians were and who are their descends today-->Tajiks!! Of seven tribes three tribes settled in modern Afghanistan. Now accept it or get die by your facist mentality. best regards

--84.59.13.115 18:49, 31 May 2007 (UTC)Koh-Damani

"PERSIAN AFGHANS" wrong, first of all the real scholars will never say that afghans or tajik are "PERSIAN" this is an incorrect Western usage when reffering to these people. Theres an old saying never believe anything that you hear. Also have you seen any afghan historian has accepted any of these articles? or did you hear from your own family saying that they are persian? NO. These articles are written and referenced by iranians, jews, british, americans. How come afghans never write there own articles instead foreigners are doing it for us who have no clue of the language or the culture. Pashtun786 06:44, 6 June 2007 (UTC)Pashtun786

I know this discussion is 8 years old but i thought i would for people that might read this. You guys are both somewhat right and wrong. The Samainds themselves were from the area we would call "Tajkistan" today and the area has been historically inhabbited by a people called "Tajiks." Richard Frye's statement is wrong since a huge migration of Persians into central asia would have not been possible since the Arabs advanced eastwards into Afghanistan and Central Asia. The Ummayd empire ruled the vast land of Iran all the way to Pakistan so it wouldn't exactly make sense for them to migrate into an area also invaded by Arabs. Secondly, i think the Samanids were more or less just Sodighans who got persianized and adopted Farsi as state language, as you know very well that Farsi was the lingua franca and court language at the time. Also, the word Tajik was revived ruing the soviet rule and was not accepted at first by the majority of Persians from Afghanistan and Tajikistan as the word originally had a negative connation to it. Akmal94 (talk) 03:00, 12 April 2015 (UTC)

 * The Samanids were from Balkh, north of Afghanistan. Nowadays Tajikistan is geopolitically located in the Pamir region. Aceditor00 (talk) 11:43, 25 April 2023 (UTC)

Pahlavi literature
is this where 9th-century Pahlavi literature comes from? Jonathan Tweet 23:57, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

the last Samanid King ruled till 1005
Dear Arian,

Wikipedia is not a site or a book like Puta Khazana or sth like that. The last Samanid King ruled till 1005. That their rule took so long i do not need britanicca or sth. ...i have read the books about them!! I have movies about them!!! I have old texts about them written by arabs!!! PLZ do not hide their full ruling date!! WIKIPEDIA IS NOT MADE BY PASHTUNES WHO DOES NOT KNOW SAMANIDS IN AFGHANISTAN!!!

Ps:Dqiqi was writing for the shanameh in the court of the samanids but he died to early so firdowsi wrote for them further the book but they didn´t want it so he wrote the shahname for sulatn mahmud till his death!!! by the way before daqiqi and firdowsi the shahname was written by another persian from merv unfortunatley i have forgotten his life.

and 1+1 is not zero even when the samanids had ruled from 875 or whatever it don´t make 102 years!! it would be very good to visit midnight schools, my tip to you!! education is the most important thing today, don´t forget it!! ...it won´t hurt..even you are a pashtune ;)

 * User:Tajik-Professor, first keep your Personal Attacks away, you are already aware of wikipedia rules. Here is not like other forum website. Secondly, you cannot remove a well-sourced information. The Britannica source is completely reliable, and you could not even provide a single source for what you wrote. Any unsourced information can be reverted.Ariana310 20:38, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

does this (819–999) make 102 years??--Tajik-Professor 15:07, 29 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Certainly not. I changed the date of their ruling, and I forgot to change the number of years they ruled. If you can provide a reliable source for what you say (819 - 1005), then you can obviously change it in the article, without any problem.Ariana310 15:31, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

Title
"Samanid empire" is not a popular term in English books or academic articles (compare Samanids or Samanid dynasty with "Samanid empire). This page should move back to Samanids. Alefbe (talk) 17:13, 21 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I've moved the page. Cheers. -GTBacchus(talk) 20:11, 8 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Wait a minute. How many sources do you need? (1). Every empire starts from a "dynasty" so counting "google hits" does not help. For example look at the book The Cambridge history of Iran which is an academic source and it uses both Empire and dynasty. I think the page should be moved to "Samanid empire".--Xashaiar (talk) 18:38, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * For the title, "Samanids" or "samanid dynasty" is much more common in academic sources (compared to "Samanid empire"). For the content of the page, the issue is that empire is a very vague word. The Samanid state wasn't an empire by its standard definition. I was a semi-independent Emirate which was nominally under Abbasid Caliphate. Alefbe (talk) 18:59, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I am the academic source and I explained what the point is. Do not chat.--Xashaiar (talk) 19:20, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Xashaiar: please spare us the bizarre assertions that you are an "academic source".
 * Likewise the "counting 'google hits' does not help" when you are doing precisely the same thing.
 * FWIW,... Alefbe is correct. The Samanids were a semi-autonomous vassal state of the Caliphate. Although they ran their own (federal) government, they paid a tithe to the Abbasids who gave the Samanids the right to rule and whose support the Samanids depended upon.
 * The edit warring is disruptive. So settle it on talk. There is no need to call the Samanids an empire, and doing so is misleading. So just simply don't do that. -- Fullstop (talk) 20:33, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * 1. never ever pronounce my name that's very bad for your health. 2. Stop following my edits, you may find better things to do. 3. I proved to everybody on this planet that your logic is 0-order logic which is dead now. Because: My statement was A. The word empire and dynasty have been used and is not "what we invented". B. I explained what I mean. 4. I am correct because I disagree with the "master of copy and pase=Full stop". live with it.--Xashaiar (talk) 20:49, 3 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Sorry, that is not how things work around here. We do not "live with" what you, Xashaiar, decree should or should not be done.
 * Your newest assertion that " I [Xashaiar] am correct because I disagree " is just more grandstanding. We are not obliged to pay any more heed to it than your previous assertion that you are an "academic source".
 * And, " I [Xashaiar] proved to everybody on this planet that your logic is 0-order logic which is dead now " is incoherent. Besides, you have not even responded to anything that has been said. Indeed, all you did was strike out my comment.
 * As always, you have the option of either A) participating in this discussion in order to make the article better, or B) leaving voluntarily
 * Not options are C) asserting that " I [Xashaiar] am the academic source ", D) " I [Xashaiar] am correct ", E) striking out the comments of others.
 * Take your pick. -- Fullstop (talk) 23:13, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * You say "Sorry, that is not how things work around here." I agree but I am not sure if I should say it or you. The point of my first comment here was: It is not acceptable to change every instance of empire to dynasty. This change had been done by the user in more than 5 other pages. And his/her "supplement" is to remove maps! The options here are either "you stop following my edits" Or "read my comments and edit summaries more carefully". So here is what the user above does not accept: "Following some academic sources, it is OK to use "samanid empire" at some instances in the article". Simple. BTW how/why/when did you come to this page?--Xashaiar (talk) 23:46, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Xashaiar is right. Empire and dynasty are not mutually exclusive.  more than 300+ hits in google books (not google)  should be sufficient to mention both.  This is not a place for WP:OR.  We follow WP:RS sources and if 300+ books have Samanid empire, then it is more than enough to call them an empire.  The Abbassids at this time were under control of Buyids themselves and were just head figures and then the Seljuqs came and again Abbassids were head figures.  But this is not a discussion forum.  We simply state WP:RS sources and cambridge history of Iran and 300+ hits call it an empire and it does not contradict it being a dynasty.  Sassanid dynasty, Sassanid empire are both used and both terms are correct.  --Nepaheshgar (talk) 02:28, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

 * When is the last time an emperor paid tribute to another emperor, or paid even lip service to another? Certainly it's far from the norm.  Yes, the Samanids were semi-autonomous, but in what way were they even an empire?  The Samanids never called themselves caliph, or shahanshah, or anything nearly resembling that... They generally are considered "governors" of "governorates", as per al-Hibri in New Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 1, pg. 304.  Michael Bonner refers to it as an "emirate", in New Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 1, p.343 as well.

 * Also, a few more things: 1) Dynasties =/= empires. Kingdoms have dynasties, too... 2) "Empire" is Euro-centric anyway. 3) Did the Samanids oversee a set of subservient rulers of smaller polities (e.g., kingdoms) who paid tribute to them? This is nearly universal in empires. 4) The Samanids **literally** printed the names of the Caliphs in their coins... (NCHoI, Vol.1, p.345).

 * Also, acc. Edinburgh History of the Islamic Empires, Samanids are not included... Their status as an empire is so much more ambiguous compared to those of others, such as the Fatimids or the Almoravids...  There seems to be some kind of ideological impetus polluting the simple fact that empire is inaccurate to describe the Samanids. --Islamic Studies PhD student, UCLA.

 * Nobody has said anything about empire and dynasty being mutually exclusive. Accordingly, Xashaiar doesn't have anything to be "right" about. Least of all when he has himself rejected hit counting as a means to determine frequency.
 * Alefbe has made his case about the term "empire" being inapplicable to an entity that is dependent on another. Xashaiar may either address that point in an appropriate manner, or he may prefer to yield the field. Those are his options. He may not assert that " I [Xashaiar] am the academic source ", or assert that " I [Xashaiar] am correct ", or strike out other people's comments, or be a belligerent bully.
 * Moreover, custom interpretations of Wikipedia policies don't wash, least of all when WP:CIVIL is routinely violated. -- Fullstop (talk) 03:30, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I am not sure if Xashiyar violated civil, but are you sure you have not violated WP:civil ? I urge everyone here including Xashaiar not to violate WP:civil and be more friendly.  And also for Alefbe not to remove WP:RS sources .  All it is required for Wikipedia is 1 WP:RS source but we have 300+ in google books for Samanids that call them an empire, so obviously it should be in the body, infoboxes and possibly the title.  Note Sassanid empire and dynasty both have lots of academic books as well:.  For consistency's sake, we need to follow the same guidelines for Samanids as for Ghaznavids, Sassanids and etc. who have also been dynasties and empires.  I see the title of the Sassanids in Wikipedia is Sassanid empire, but the title of Samanids and Ghaznavids lacks the word empire.  Safavids article is called a dynasty, but they have also been called Safavid Iranian empire/Persian empire and etc.  There is no harm in adding empire to the tile of these empires for their entry, but possibly a uniform title is the best and I think Safavids, Samanids, Buyids and Ghaznavids should also have an added empire in their title.--Nepaheshgar (talk) 04:23, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * This discussion is about the title of the page and also this edit by Wayiran which has replaced the most common name with a less common name in the infobox and also has included some factual errors (like mentioning Buyids as a successor, instead of Kara-Khanids). None of the links that you provided and nothing in your argument justify replacing Samanid dynasty with Samanid empire in the introduction and the infobox. In his effort to defend Wayiran's edit, Xashaiar has blindly restored it without even correcting apparent mistakes (like mentioning Buyids instead of KaraKhanids), and you are defending that erroneous edit. I should say that I'm quite disappointed by your way of addressing this issue. Alefbe (talk) 07:16, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Well I am just trying to be neutral and I think we can solve this through friendly diologue and I have urged Xashiyar to be calm as well. From what I understand, you are claiming there is a contradiction between dynasty and empire or that dynasty is more common than empire. The first claim is not true and the second does not justify keeping dynasty when empire has more than 300+ google book hits.  The Samanids were both.  The justification for infobox in my opinion is that the term empire is more significant than dynasty.  You can be a dynasty but not an empire.  But you can't be an empire without being dynasty.  If X has a black belt in a martial art, then there is no reason to put red belt.  The readers will automatically know it is a dynasty when empire is mentioned, but they won't know if it is an empire (which it is), if dynasty is mentioned.  So given empire is more signifcant, and there is many sources that call them an empire, I think empire is better for the info-box and even title.  Empire implies dynasty but dynasty does not imply empire, where as empire has been used by more than 300+ google books.  The replacement of Samaanids is generally thought to be Ghaznavids but Karakhanids might have taken some territories as well.  You are correct and I have edited the infobox to correct that section.--Nepaheshgar (talk) 16:01, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
 * The infobox and the first sentence of the introduction and the title of page should be consistent with most common name in English texts and the way it is usually addressed in Encyclopedias. "Samanids" and "Samanid dynasty" are more common in English books and Academic articles. Also, for Encyclopedias, you can check Encyclopedia of Islam or general encyclopedias (like Britannica). Alefbe (talk) 00:34, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
 * There is no general precedence, but Cambridge history of Iran would have more weight than britannica or even Encyclopedia of Islam. As I explained an empire is dynasty by default.  But a dynasty is not necessarily an empire.  "Chon sad amad navad ham pisheh maast", so I do not see any harm mentioning them as an empire and it follows academic guidelines.  You are claiming dynasty is more common, but there is no contradiction between dynasty and empire.  Every empire is also a dynasty.--Nepaheshgar (talk) 03:31, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Cambridge history of Iran hasn't used "Samanid empire" as a title of a chapter. Alefbe (talk) 04:10, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Amir is just another word for Monarchy here, but it is the Arabic word.
 * No it's not. At that time, Amir was the title of a governor which was nominally under Caliphate. Alefbe (talk) 04:11, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Samanids ruled as monarchs. The Caliph was no more than a figure head and that is why Samanids are called an empire as well.  Cambridge history of Iran does not need to use it as a title of a chapter.  As long as it has used it, it is sufficient to denote the Samanids as an empire throughout any such article.--Nepaheshgar (talk) 04:15, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Their title was Amir and they didn't consider themselves as sovereign monarchs (though they enjoyed practical independence). None of them called themselves Shah or anything meaning king. Alefbe (talk) 04:19, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually I think we have poets referring to them as Shah..just like Ghaznavid king was called Sultan Mahmud...but title and actual governance is two different matter. Queen of England is a "queen" but not really...--Nepaheshgar (talk) 04:23, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
 * This discussion is going nowhere (specially after edits like this, based on arguments which are IMO irrelevant to the title of the page and the infobox). I think we should ask opinion of others (but not from a small circle of Iranian Wikipedians). Alefbe (talk) 04:34, 6 April 2009 (UTC)

This is the first page of the chapter on Samanids (in the Cambridge history of Iran). Even Frye (who has used the term "Samanid empire" once) has not used this term in the title of that chapter or its lead (also see this for the usage of various terms in that chapter). Alefbe (talk) 22:25, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
 * You are violating WP:OR by making it seem like dynasty contradicts an empire. Every empire is a dynasty, so the usage of empire does not invalidate it as a dynasty.  But empire is a more significant word and it has been used by Frye among others.  Since empire is more significant, it should be in the title box.  And title of Chapter is of no consequence, what matters is that empire is the most significant term and it has been used by Frye and 300+ more books.  And it already contains the definition of a dynasty within it.  --Nepaheshgar (talk) 01:45, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
 * You are factually incorrect, Nepaheshgar. Dynasties don't have to be empires. Dynasties can be emirates, sultanates, kingdoms, etc. Most reputable academic sources don't speak of the dynasties of the Iranian intermezzo as full fledged empires, for a number of reasons. Neither Cambridge History of Iran, nor Cambridge History of Islam Vol. 1, nor Edinburgh History of Islamic Empires. --Danmusa562 Danmusa562 (talk) 21:51, 28 July 2022 (UTC)

excuse me can someone please move the picture of a samanid king nasr ii which is covering a part of the text!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sethyx (talk • contribs) 18:11, 10 May 2009 (UTC)

Everyone in here are tajiks or pro-persians that are writing this history
Most of the information must be verified and accepted by a large scholarly society in afghanistan and historians that are neutral about the subject, other than that apparently everything on here is written favoring an iranian view as everyone on here including the editor is a tajik wannabe persian which in most people's opinion is not the same. 76.103.37.61 (talk) 01:54, 10 November 2009 (UTC)Pashtun786

 * Why afghans? how are they considered neutral in this matter? Give sources to counter the facts given by Persians if you can. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hazratemahmood (talk • contribs) 11:17, 9 October 2010 (UTC)

Samanid trading with Europe
This article does not mention the Samanids trading with Europe

The History of Bukhara by Narshakhi (trans. Richard N. Frye), Page 143 mentions the following:

"...The Samanids were involved in trading with Europe, as thousands of Samanid coins that have been found in the Baltic and Scandinavian countries testify. Trades, agriculture and slave trading were the economic basis of Samanid State...", - I have reworded it. I will be adding it with proper citation.

Lineage of the Samanids
The article claims "To legitimize the dynasty, the Samanids claimed to be descendants of Bahram Chobin,[9]".. this is somewhat inaccurate. In the book, 'The History of Bukhara' by Narshakhi (Trans. by Richard Nelson Frye), there's an entire chapter called "An account of the house of Saman and their lineage", Here' it says (roughly) "Saman Khuda was one of the descendant of Bahram Chobin", in other words, they didn't simply claim it, they were infact descendants of Bahram Chobin as recorded in their lineage. I will be adding it with proper citation. -- Source: The History of Bukhara by Narshakhi (Trans. Richard Nelson Frye), Pg 79, Chapter XXVI. --Theotherguy1 (talk) 12:21, 13 June 2010 (UTC)

To IP: 91.200.216.10, you are writing repeatedly that Samanids were not descendants of Bahram Chobin, rather they simply claimed it. This is not true. The article as it stands is properly cited. Please do not remove/make changes. --Theotherguy1 (talk) 18:16, 2 September 2010 (UTC)

removed two sentences
'During the Samanid period the Tajik nation was formed in Central Asia. The Samanid Empire is considered as the first Tajik state.'

I have removed these from the text from the article, being of spurious nature. This is exactly what the official Soviet ethno-nationalist propaganda machine of Tajikistan pumped out, and as such does not belong in a NPOV encyclopaedia.

This is not only contentious but unvalidated. Please do not restore these passages to the article without proper scholarly citations directly making these claims. --Jhelyam (talk) 10:55, 14 July 2010 (UTC)

Wikify
Is there a particular reason why most of the references (Notes) do not have dates or publishers given, let alone if there are different editions? It should also have a bibliography to supplement the script of the Notes. If these are article titles they should have the Journal, and issue and volume information, shouldn't it? Isn't the idea of providing information so that someone else can find it and use it too? Stevenmitchell (talk) 14:27, 11 February 2011 (UTC)

Fact and Historical Source
in all historical source samanids empire certainly is persian.and verb of tajik were made in later years.samanids named Themselves padishahe iran (king of persia).So if tajik's want are related themselves to the samanids,Because to build identity for their history and their newly establishment country,this identity building shouldn't effected on fact and history. if this post have misspelling excuse me Because my english is some weak.Ali Historian (talk) 20:50, 8 August 2011 (UTC)Ali Historian

 * The references supporting Tajik and the word Tajik should stay within the article. I do not see a problem allowing referenced information stating Persian as well. --Kansas Bear (talk) 05:31, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

 * The latest "source" from AllEmpires.com is not published and therefore does not pass Wikipedia's reliable sources requirements. I have added two university sources that state the Samanids were Tajik. --Kansas Bear (talk) 05:02, 25 August 2011 (UTC)
 * "Tajik" is technically wrong, because it is an exonym which was established much later. The correct expression in here would be "Persian". The Encyclopaedia of Islam (article by Clifford Edmund Bosworth) writes: SAMANIDS, a Persian  dynasty  which  ruled  in Transoxania  and  then  in  Khurasan  also,  at  first  as subordinate governors  of the  Tahirids  [q. v. ] and  then later autonomous, virtually    independent rulers (204-395/819-1005). --Lysozym (talk) 17:18, 21 September 2011 (UTC)
 * I personally do not have a preference, for Persian or Tajik. It would appear that the original "Persian" was changed to "Tajik" and later when I caught someone changing it, simply reverted it back without checking. However, of the 5 references for "Persian", the "Islam after Communism" doesn't even mention "Persian" and the other 4 references I am currently checking. There are 3 references that state Tajik Samanids. If you can bring enough sources to indicate that the 3 "Tajik" references are a minority, I would agree to changing it to "Persian". --Kansas Bear (talk) 03:21, 22 September 2011 (UTC)
 * The Encyclopedia of Islam is authoritative. See also the Cambridge History of Islam: --Lysozym (talk) 22:03, 22 September 2011 (UTC)
 * It is not me you have to convince, it is the multitude of anon IPs that will revert you. You can change it Lysozym, I do not have a problem with "Persian". --Kansas Bear (talk) 01:18, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

Persian or Tajik, both the same word for the same people. --88.69.9.31 (talk) 20:16, 23 September 2011 (UTC)
 * While searching for the editor that plagiarized part of a book and added it to this article, I found this edit by Scythian1, where he changes the ethnicity to "Tajik". You might ask his opinion on his talk page. --Kansas Bear (talk) 21:18, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

Concern over plagiarism
The Cultural and Religious efforts section appears to have been copied word-for-word from "History of Afghanistan" and "History of Iran". I will attempt to re-write the section without changing the "gist" of the section. Any concerns can be posted here. Thanks. --Kansas Bear (talk) 21:27, 23 September 2011 (UTC)

Weren't Samanids of Parthian stock?

 * Saman Khuda => Bahram Chobin => Bahram Gushnasp => House of Mihran => Seven Parthian clans
 * Saman Khuda was a Dehqan. Was this title common for all Iranians or just Persians? --Wario-Man (talk) 06:54, 9 April 2017 (UTC)

 * Wario-Man: It's disputed, some sources state that it's not for sure if they really were descendants of Bahram Chobin, who had become a famous figure mythological-like figure in Khorasan and Transoxiana. But if they were descendants of Bahram Chobin, they had surely been Persianized at that time. By this time, Dehqan was mostly used by Persians and eastern Iranians such as Sogdians, the inhabitants of Khuttal, etc. --HistoryofIran (talk) 12:20, 9 April 2017 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the info. So an "Iranian" dynasty is more accurate than Persian and Parthian due to their origin and culture? --Wario-Man (talk) 18:06, 9 April 2017 (UTC)

 * Wario-Man: I would say that both Persian and Iranian is correct, but I prefer myself to use Iranian in this case. Some scholars prefer to use 'Tajik', ie Persianized eastern Iranians. --HistoryofIran (talk) 18:27, 9 April 2017 (UTC)

Current 3rd paragraph of the lead
Compare it with cited source (link to the book page). I think current text does not summarize cited source very well. Plus shouldn't we add more details to it per source and move it to Culture, Legacy, or a new section? --Wario-Man (talk) 04:09, 17 March 2019 (UTC)
 * The Samanid Empire is part of the Iranian Intermezzo, which saw the creation of a Persianate culture and identity that brought Iranian speech and traditions into the fold of the Islamic world. This would lead to the formation of the Turko-Persian culture.

Your thoughts on this? --Wario-Man (talk) 09:49, 29 March 2019 (UTC)

 * For my part, i would agree with your proposal to summarize the source in a better way, but i think that this quote is quite relevant in the lead. Let's wait to have more opinions from the other editors you pinged. ---Wikaviani  (talk) (contribs)  23:01, 29 March 2019 (UTC)
 * I believe the source is referencing, "This would lead to the formation of the Turko-Persian culture".
 * As for the previous sentence it can be referenced by Medieval Central Asia and the Persianate World, A.C.S. Peacock, D.G. Tor, page xix. As for moving into the body of the article; this information should already be in the body of the article, since it is in the lead of the article. --Kansas Bear (talk) 03:27, 30 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Currently both Turco-Persian and Persianate are only in the lead and there is no other mention or additional info about them in the body of article. We can expand Samanid_Empire by adding relevant info about them. --Wario-Man (talk) 06:50, 30 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Agreed, per MOS:LEAD, Apart from basic facts, significant information should not appear in the lead if it is not covered in the remainder of the article. ---Wikaviani  (talk) (contribs)  11:19, 30 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Then please do it. I'm not good enough in copy-editing. Also consider the source mentioned by Kansas Bear. --Wario-Man (talk) 13:44, 30 March 2019 (UTC)

 * I'll take a look at it as soon as i have enough time. Cheers. ---Wikaviani  (talk) (contribs)  20:35, 1 April 2019 (UTC)

 * I'm trying to find an access to the two sources, the one already cited in the article and the one provided by Kansas Bear above, but i was not able to find a free access on the web, if you guys have one, please post the url here. Thanks. ---Wikaviani  (talk) (contribs)  07:57, 19 April 2019 (UTC)

 * My first comment includes a link to Google Books and cited page of that book. For the other source, seems Kansas Bear has access to it, so contact him. --Wario-Man (talk) 08:16, 19 April 2019 (UTC)

 * I hope this link works. --Kansas Bear (talk) 08:19, 19 April 2019 (UTC)
 * How about this one? --Kansas Bear (talk) 08:31, 19 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks to both of you, i added a section about Iranian Intermezzo in the body of the article, feel free to correct me if it sounds not good according to you. Now we need to deal with the lead's sentence that was quoted above by Wario-Man, should it stay in the lead ? be removed ? or just reworded ? ---Wikaviani  (talk) (contribs)  14:54, 19 April 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 11:22, 20 May 2019 (UTC)
 * Ismaili somoni dushanbe.jpg

"History of Iran" template, seriously?
, I hope you are all doing well and staying safe. As leading contributors of this article, I would like to draw your precious attention to one ambiguous template vigorously guarded by HistoryofIran, which is "History of Iran" template (suspicious coincidence, uhm). You guys talked so much of how this empire contributed to Turco-Persian tradition and made a lasting impact on Central Asia, but seem not to notice the above-mentioned template, which should not be there all alone. I thoroughly added a handful of history templates of the present-day countries, whose territories constituted a significant part of the Samanid Empire, but they were immediately deleted by HistoryofIran for "obvious" reasons. Apparently, I thought that the best compromise would've been using "history of Greater Iran" template (as you know the territory from Derbent in Dagestan to Pakistan, and from Khwarazm to Bahrein is considered Greater Iran) and to this end, I swapped the templates, but again, to no avail, thanks to the relevant user. HistoryofIran, know that this empire had a profound influence on all the people of Central Asia (Official Dushanbe even claims this Kingdom to be their own) and this impact is still clearly felt around (trust me, I travelled solo along the Silk Road). Therefore, my guess is that History of Greater Iran template should be used instead of the Iran one, because first of all, this State was centered more in Transoxiana, second, considering the reasons I have stated earlier, Samanid Empire cannot be solely claimed by present-day Iran. Thanks, -- Visioncurve '' Haec lux solis, relinquentes senex mundi 04:42, 30 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Suspicious concidence? Vigorously guarded? Promoting for good old reasons? Go on, keep casting aspersions and I see that I won't report you. Also, frankly I don't think anyone cares where you have been travelling. The template of History of Iran is much more well-constructed. Also, Greater Iran is a cultural sphere, I don't think we should go around throwing that into articles, especially considering it be used practically in any place in the Middle East, regardless its relevancy. Also, in case you didn't notice, the 4 templates you added were also filling out too much space in the article. Templates have nothing to do with a country "claiming" a certain dynasty. --HistoryofIran (talk) 11:58, 30 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Seems that discussing proper subjects with you is totally useless. Also, if you, instead of stating your opinion as an educated adult, write something like: "frankly I don't think anyone cares where you have been travelling", when it's clear as day that it was merely written to support the relevant fact (Iranian influence in Central Asia) and not for anything else, you should not take part in all this...-- Visioncurve '' Haec lux solis, relinquentes senex mundi 13:08, 30 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Your supposed travelling experience does not make your argument more valid, nor does making immature attacks against me. Thankfully you're not the one to make that decision. --HistoryofIran (talk) 13:15, 30 April 2020 (UTC)
 * Thankfully you are not either. -- Visioncurve '' Haec lux solis, relinquentes senex mundi 03:53, 1 May 2020 (UTC)
 * That made no sense. I'm not the one stating that x person shouldn't take part in this, lol. HistoryofIran (talk)
 * And with Visioncurve's latest comment, I think this discussion should be closed. Visioncurve has had ample opportunity to present their case, and instead have chosen to make this issue about HistoryofIran. --Kansas Bear (talk) 05:12, 1 May 2020 (UTC)

 * The only thing that made no sense was taking my cause once in a blue moon to the talk page of the article following your cheesy "advise", which is driving me up the wall. Initially, I was really hyped about having a healthy discussion among the people with knowledge in such areas as history and culture of Central Asia, Greater Iran, and etc, instead, I bumped into HistoryofIran's "frankly nobody cares... your immature attacks..." in no time, when it seems that the only immature person here is him., many thanks for your prompt and honest response. I think it's just about time to wrap things up, I gotta hit the road. Good luck -- Visioncurve '' Haec lux solis, relinquentes senex mundi 05:40, 1 May 2020 (UTC)

Comment : Greater Iran is a cultural sphere, thus, the History of Iran template sounds more relevant here, in my humble opinion. Best. ---Wikaviani  (talk) (contribs)  22:36, 30 April 2020 (UTC)

Comment :I have seen no sources which would indicate a need to include the other templates. Also, personal experiences or opinions are useless. Wikipedia is written using reliable sources. --Kansas Bear (talk) 02:31, 1 May 2020 (UTC)

Comment: Curious question, what is the use case of History of Greater Iran then? It seems just as applicable here as History of Iran to me, listing the various empires and dynasties encompassing the areas around modern-day Iran. If there isn't a case where the former should be used concurrently or in place of the latter, then an XfD may be in order. — MarkH21talk 07:51, 5 May 2020 (UTC)

The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith
Page 179-180 in The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith is about the Mongols, it doesn't mention anything about Islam/Zoroastrianism in the era of the Samanids, could you please add the correct page(s)? --HistoryofIran (talk) 21:41, 6 May 2020 (UTC)

 * Idk what you are talking about, its not about mongols its about the situation of Zoroastrians in Iran, Sir thomas walker arnold mentions that during the tenth century(which was when the Samanid Empire took it's intermediate era) al masudi reports fire temples and Zoroastrians who were present. Perhaps you'd pick a quote from those pages that you read and I'll quote the things I read in the section to clear the misconception.

 * Where did you get your source? On the very pages in it talks about the Mongols. --HistoryofIran (talk) 13:12, 7 May 2020 (UTC)

 * Ohh I see now, we didn't get the same copy of the book. I got the Preaching of Islam from : but anyway in your copy you can find it in page 161.

 * Majority of readers dont use Google play to access/read books like these, heck I can't even access it in my country. Please use the version I linked instead, as it seems to be the more common one. And please stop mentioning Fars in this article, it was never ruled by the Samanids. At their zenith they ruled as far as Kerman in southern Iran. --HistoryofIran (talk) 16:14, 7 May 2020 (UTC)

Got it, ill stop mentioning fars and I'll link the other source instead of Google play.

Simjurids
Khorazmiy (talk) 16:20, 28 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Stop deleting the text about the Simjurids, which directly refers to the reign of Ahmad ibn Ismail and is based on reliable sources.

 * Stop adding information completely out of context to the paragraph(s) in question. --Kansas Bear (talk) 16:22, 28 August 2022 (UTC)

 * The Simjurids were the governors of the Samanids in Khorasan, which is confirmed by reliable sources.Khorazmiy (talk) 16:29, 28 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Do you not understand CONTEXT? Your response sounds like you do not have the required competency in English to edit this Wikipedia. Your next response will determine whether I need to contact an Admin.--Kansas Bear (talk) 16:37, 28 August 2022 (UTC)

 * Stop threatening me and breaking the rules of ethics. Simjur was the governor of Khorasan and contributed to the history of the Samanid state. This text is important for understanding the history of the Samanids. Another question is how to properly place this text in a section. I think that the text could be inserted into the section about the Samanid governors.Khorazmiy (talk) 18:19, 28 August 2022 (UTC)
 * How is a mere governor important for understanding the history of the Samanids? There were various prominent figures in the Samanid era, much more so than Simjur (also, the Simjurids were not the only ones to governor Samanid Khorasan). So why is he so important to add? And in random paragraphs a that? I'm not saying that Simjur or his family shouldnt be included here, but the way you're doing it is not it. Click here if you want to expand on the Simjurids. --HistoryofIran (talk) 19:23, 28 August 2022 (UTC)

 * The Samanid state was a complex system in which the role of rulers changed throughout the 10th century. From the middle of the 10th century, the political role of governors and military leaders increased, which influenced the policy of viziers and Samanid emirs. In addition, some governors indicated their names on copper coins, which spoke of their power. So I think the paragraph about governors is very important.Khorazmiy (talk) 20:07, 28 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Since Khorazmiy has chosen to ignore my concerns over context and casting aspersions, "breaking the rules of ethics", they have been reported to EdJohnston's talk page.Kansas Bear (talk) 20:00, 28 August 2022 (UTC)

 * It is very strange that you ignored my answer about the proposal to put my text in a separate paragraph. Why do not you answer?Khorazmiy (talk) 20:12, 28 August 2022 (UTC)
 * It is even more strange that you ignored me. I do not have time for editors that are here to ignore context and push a POV. Kansas Bear (talk) 20:28, 28 August 2022 (UTC)
 * I propose to create a paragraph about the governors of the Samanid state, where I could include a text about the Simjurids. Do you disagree?Khorazmiy (talk) 21:26, 28 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Disagree. I dont see the point of it. Sorry, but we’re not gonna create a whole new and random section just so you can add the Simjurids. See how other well written articles of kingdoms/empires are made. Again, if you want to expand on the Simjurids, there is a whole article dedicated to them. You’re also yet to answer on why the Simjurids are so vital to have. HistoryofIran (talk)
 * This question was directed to Kansas Bear. You can read in detail about the Simjurids in Encyclopedia Iranica and the monograph by L.Treadwell. Khorazmiy (talk) 22:23, 28 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Sure thing, but I am still opposing it. Wikipedia is a collabrative effort after all. --HistoryofIran (talk) 22:31, 28 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Here is another reliable source on the Simjurids. Separate articles were written about the Simjurids in reputable encyclopedias, which testifies to their importance in the history of the Samanids.Khorazmiy (talk) 22:49, 28 August 2022 (UTC)

 * Do you not understand CONTEXT? Still unanswered.
 * HistoryofIran's questions still unanswered. Posting a reference and telling someone to go read it is not an answer. WP:BURDEN is on Khorazmiy to provide a reason why this information should be in this article.
 * Khorazmiy has continued to repeat themselves, albeit in a different fashion. "Stop deleting the text about the Simjurids, which directly refers to the reign of Ahmad ibn Ismail and is based on reliable sources.", "The Simjurids were the governors of the Samanids in Khorasan, which is confirmed by reliable sources.", "https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/simjurids and the monograph by L.Treadwell. W.L. Treadwell, The Political History of the Sàmànid State, unpublished DPhil thesis, University of Oxford, 1991". Same response. This is becoming disruptive editing. Kansas Bear (talk) 22:52, 28 August 2022 (UTC)

 * I understand the context well, so I stopped adding my previous text to that part of the section. What other complaints do you have about my deleted text?Khorazmiy (talk) 23:07, 28 August 2022 (UTC)
 * "I understand the context well, so I stopped adding my previous text to that part of the section."
 * Really? Then why add that information in the middle of a paragraph that makes no mention of anything you added??
 * "What other complaints do you have about my deleted text?"
 * How is a mere governor important for understanding the history of the Samanids?
 * So why is he so important to add?
 * And in random paragraphs at that? Kansas Bear (talk) 23:19, 28 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Some Samanid governors played a significant role in political history of Samanid state. There are a lot of examples. As I already wrote, some of them issued copper coins in their own name. Fayiq, Begtuzun, Alp-Tegin, Abu Bakr Muhammad, representatives of the Simjurid dynasty and others can be named among the influential governors. Adding information about the Simjurids will help to understand the features of the political structure of the government of the Samanids, as well as the relationship between the Emir and the governors of Khorasan.Khorazmiy (talk) 23:45, 28 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Information has to make sense as well. You can't just add it for the sake of adding it. Moreover, Simjur and his son are already mentioned in a context that actually makes sense at . And let's pretend for a moment we created a section named 'Governors' or something like that. What are we going to add? Random mentions of the mere 8 or something attested Samanid governors? --HistoryofIran (talk) 23:50, 28 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Do you think that during the 130 years of Samanid rule there were only 8 governors? The number of Samanid provinces was more than 10 and the governors of some regions often changed. One of the features of the Samanid state was that the governors had different rights. Each governor had his own special relationship with the Emir. Unfortunately, this information is not included in the article. Khorazmiy (talk) 00:14, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * You missed my point. Actually, you've missed all my points so far. Also, what do you mean by 'different rights' and 'special relationship'? Do you have a source that elaborates? --HistoryofIran (talk) 00:18, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * There are two approaches to the history of the Samanid state. According to the first it was a centralized state. There is another concept (Elena Davidovich, Boris Kochnev and others), according to which this state was not so centralized and the governors had more power. I believe that both concepts should be covered in the article.Khorazmiy (talk) 07:01, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * I am curious. Just how does Simjur's ethnicity have anything to do with government? Oddly, I do not see the continued mention of ethnicity for the Samanids throughout the article. The more I look at Khorazmiy's edit the more it looks like someone trying to make a point. Kansas Bear (talk) 00:48, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * "Do you think that during the 130 years of Samanid rule there were only 8 governors?"
 * Along with not understanding CONTEXT, Khorazmiy can not count properly either. According to the The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, page 485, the Samanid Empire lasted from 819-1005. Clearly not 130 years. Also, the entirety of the Simjurid dyanasty held governorships for around ~30 yrs. In the process of CONTEXT and WP:DUE, clearly the paragraph added by Khorazmiy is of undue weight given to a group of minor importance in an article not even about them! Continued posting references, telling other editors to "read this", and ignoring WP:DUE is clearly counter productive.
 * I have yet to receive a reason why the ethnicity of the Simjurids warrants mention in Khorazmiy's out of context addition. Instead, Khorazmiy has now taken the stance that Samanid government was oh-so dependent on governors, yet ignores the current references in the article and The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, page 485, which cites; V.V. Barthold, R. Frye, N.N. Negmatov, J. Paul, D.G. Tor, W. Treadwell, and many other editors. WP:DUE yet again. I see no reason to include anything else about the Simjurids or their ethnicity. Oddly enough, it was their status as mamluks, blantantly left out by Khorazmiy, that had more to do with their government status than their ethnicity(fyi, POV editing)!Kansas Bear (talk) 17:16, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

 * Do you seriously think that the Samanid Empire arose in 819? Look again at the article, there is nothing about the year 819. I know well the literature on the history of the Samanids. According to N. Negmatov, the process of unification of the Samanid state ended with Ismail b. Ahmad, who became the actual founder of the Samanid state. Negmatov notes that the activities of Ismail (born 849) began in Bukhara in 874. Khorazmiy (talk) 18:30, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

 * "Do you seriously think that the Samanid Empire arose in 819? Look again at the article, there is nothing about the year 819."
 * You might want to re-read all the sources that state 819 AND check out this particular article, its about the Samanids from 819 - 999. You are so busy trying to cherry-pick your information, you yet again, miss the context of this article. '''Its about the Samanids from 819-999. Feel free to read the article.

 * "The Samanid Empire was founded with the appointment of four brothers to rule over the regions of Samarkand, Ferghana, Herat, and Shash (Tashkent) by the Abbasid Governor of Khurasan in 819." --"Islamic Geometric Patterns: Their Historical Development and Traditional Methods of Construction", Jay Bonner, page 24.
 * "At that time, the city was governed by the Afrighid dynasty, under the protection of the Samanid kingdom, the vast empire founded in central Asia by Saman Khoda (819–864 CE)." --The Heavens and the Earth, Vittorio Cotesta, page 388.
 * "We also know that the Muslim Persian Samanid empire (819–999), a vassal state of the Abbasids in eastern Iran.." -- The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China, John W. Chaffee, Cambridge University Press, page 19.
 * "...of three different small dynasties: the Samanids (819–999), the Buyids (934–1062), and the Ghaznavids (977–1186)." --Music of a Thousand Years: A New History of Persian Musical Traditions, Ann E. Lucas, University of California, page 36
 * "To the east, the Samanids (819–999) ruled Khurasan and Transoxiana.." --Political Culture in the Latin West, Byzantium and the Islamic World, c.700 - c.1500, edited by Catherine Holmes, Jonathan Shepard, Jo van Steenbergen, Björn Weiler, Cambridge University Press, page 287
 * "..ruled by the Ma'munid dynasty, was itself theoretically subject to the Samanid state (819– 999)." --Great Seljuk Empire, A.C.S. Peacock, Edinburgh University Press, page 32.
 * "....their cultural successors under the Caliphate in the Samanid amirates (AD 819–999) and the later sultanates of Central.." --Literacy in the Persianate World: Writing and the Social Order, Brian Spooner, William L. Hanaway, University of Pennsylvania Press, page ix.
 * "The Samanid Empire (819–999), under whose rule Ferdowsi emerged as a prominent poet, was one among such dynasties." --The Shahnameh: The Persian Epic as World, Hamid Dabashi, Columbia University Press, 2019, page 32.
 * "Gazis first appeared as historical figures during the Samanid Empire (819–999)." --Sacrificial Limbs, Salih Can Aciksoz, University of California Press, 2019, page 79
 * Yeah.Kansas Bear (talk) 20:56, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

According to Richard Frye, the Samanid dynasty ruled Transoxania for a period of one hundred ten years, (892-999). In other publications, Ismail Samani (874-907) is considered the founder of the Samanid state. In other sources, the beginning of the reign of the Samanids is traced to 872. Thus, among orientalists there are different opinions about the time of the creation of the Samanid state.
 * "819-999: Samanid Empire in Central Asia; re-emergence of Persian as literary and administrative language" -- Iran in World History, Richard C. Foltz, Oxford University Press, page 125. Kansas Bear (talk) 21:47, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * "Samanid Empire (819–999)" --Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, James Millward, Columbia University Press, page 468.
 * "..for it was described during its period of flourishing by an envoy of the Samanid empire (819–999)" --The Borders of Chinese Architecture, Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt, Harvard University Press, page 128.Kansas Bear (talk) 21:51, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * "The genesis of this phenomenon was primarily found in the increase in the demand of the Samanid Empire (819–1005) for categories of goods such as slaves, animal fur, honey, wax, elements of armament, and dyes, observed on the basis of the analysis of the source material." -- Medieval Trade in Central Europe, Scandinavia, and the Balkans (10th-12th Centuries): A Comparative Study, Piotr Pranke & Miloš Zečević, Brill, page 4. Kansas Bear (talk) 23:44, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
 * You accused me of not knowing the Samanid chronology, so I show you the sources that I use. It is necessary to distinguish between the period when the Samanids were dependent on the Abbasid caliphs and the period when they became independent. The publications of Richard Frye, Numon Negmatov, authors of Encyclopedia Iranica are considered authoritative and reliable in the scientific world. You yourself mentioned N. Negmatov as a scientific authority . Among the publications of orientalists who believe that the Samanid state was founded in 875, the following monograph can be mentioned.

 * Some of the sources you cited contain conflicting statements. For example,

'''"We also know that the Muslim Persian Samanid empire (819–999), a vassal state of the Abbasids in eastern Iran.." -- The Muslim Merchants of Premodern China, John W. Chaffee, Cambridge University Press, page 19.''' It is not clear how an empire can be a vassal of another state? Khorazmiy (talk) 23:59, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

 * LMAO! Are you serious? I do not have time to explain the complexities concerning the Tahirids, Saffarids, Samanids, Ghaznavids, Seljuks and their allegiance to the caliphate. Thank you for proving me right. --Kansas Bear (talk) 00:20, 30 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Try reading your own book.

 * "The Samanid state was a provincial successor-state to the 'Abbasid caliphate centred on Iraq. As was almost universal in the Islamic world at this time, society was hierarchical, with the caliph-imams being, in theory at least, the delegators of all authority, so that the Samanid amirs were their lieutenants. In practice, the amirs enjoyed virtual independence, but were careful to pay lip-service to the caliphal ideal." --N.N. Negmatov, The Samanid State, History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. IV, part one: The age of achievement: A.D. 750 to the end of the fifteenth century. UNESCO. p. 80.
 * "It is not clear how an empire can be a vassal of another state?"
 * Ask the Sultanate of Rum after the Battle of Köse Dağ.
 * Odd, how I am still getting a lot of WP:CIR from this discussion. --Kansas Bear (talk) 00:28, 30 August 2022 (UTC)

 * Several important aspects should be distinguished in the Samanid political history. In 819, representatives of the Samanid dynasty came to power in various provinces of Central Asia. Initially, they were governors at the level of provinces and depended on the Abbasid caliph and their governors in Khorasan: the Tahirids and Saffarids. Gradually, the Samanids strengthened and power was concentrated in the hands of Ahmad ibn Asad Samani and his sons. The date of the creation of the Samanid state in 875 is also supported by the prominent Israeli researcher of this period M. Biran. According to Grousset «the purely Iranian Samanids, a ruling house originating in Saman near Balkh, thus from 875 to 999 found themselves masters of Transoxiana». Khorazmiy (talk) 12:01, 30 August 2022 (UTC)

 * "Several important aspects should be distinguished in the Samanid political history."
 * Not with Biran and Grousset.
 * "The date of the creation of the Samanid state in 875 is also supported by the prominent Israeli researcher of this period M. Biran.--Biran, Michal. Chinggis Khan. Simon and Schuster, 2012, p.19."
 * Actually Biran states, "From the tenth century onward they began to arrive as groups as, mainly under the influence of the Iranian Samanid dynasty which ruled from Bukhara (875–1005), Turkic tribes living outside the realm of the abode of Islam adopted Islam", nothing about creation of anything. Your statement is original research.
 * "..the purely Iranian Samanids, a ruling house originating in Saman near Balkh, thus from 875 to 999 found themselves masters of Transoxiana..''"
 * Grousset makes no mention of creating anything either. More WP:OR on your part. Also, Negmatov makes no mention of the Simjurids and Bosworth only mentions the Simjurids once in passing. So even Negmatov that you continue to lean on, fails to bring up anything about the Simjurids.
 * Oddly, did you miss what Grousset says on pages 141-142? "...from Nasr Ahmed, who in 874-875 received Transoxiana in fief from the caliph Mu'tamid, with Samarkand as his residence.", but you said, "It is not clear how an empire can be a vassal of another state?". This is the second book you have used that later shows information that refutes what you have said. Either you are checking picking information or you are POV-pushing.
 * FYI, Grousset makes no mention of the Simjurids, either.
 * Clearly the Simjurids are represented properly in this article, I strongly suggest you refrain from WP:OR and POV-pushing.Kansas Bear (talk) 23:12, 31 August 2022 (UTC)

 * We can discuss all the existing reliable sources on the Samanid chronology, which offer different versions. Why do you think Biran and Grousset indicated the period 875-999? Where did the number 875 come from? Researchers have distinguished two dates. 819 when the Samanids came to power in four regions of Central Asia and 875 when the Samanid Nasr was recognized by the caliph as the ruler of Central Asia. According to R. Frye, «This was about the year 819, and the four sons of Asad were appointed over the following cities: Nuh - Samarqand, Ahmad - Farghana, Yahya - Shash and Ilyas - Herat. This assignment of rule to the sons of Asad marked the beginning of Samanid power in Transoxiana, for the line of Ilyas in Herat did not fare as well as did his brothers in the north". Frye note that "the Samanid state had received recognition in the year 875 when the caliph al-Mu'tamid sent the investiture for all of Transoxiana to Nasr b. Ahmad, in opposition to the claims of Ya'qub b. Laith the Saffarid". Researcher Ubiria interpreted the question differently: «The advance of Islam and Persian culture in the region was further extended under the local Iranian dynasty of Samanids who ruled much of present-day Central Asia and adjacent regions on behalf of the Abbasids between 875 and 999». Thus, in some publications, two aspects of the political history of the Samanids are distinguished: the coming of the Samanids to power in the regions and the recognition by the caliph of their power throughout Central Asia.Khorazmiy (talk) 14:51, 1 September 2022 (UTC)

Samanid and Tajik
There is still debate about the Samanid being Tajik. I think Tajikistan History soap should be added here. DifaiTal (talk) 14:42, 30 September 2022 (UTC) <--- blocked sock of User:Aydın memmedov2000
 * Please read WP:SOAPBOX. Please show WP:RS about this alleged debate, so it doesn't look like you're violating said guideline. --HistoryofIran (talk) 14:53, 30 September 2022 (UTC)

Understood. I originally stated this idea because it originated in the borders of modern Tajikistan. thanks for the clarification. DifaiTal (talk) 15:00, 30 September 2022 (UTC) <--- blocked sock of User:Aydın memmedov2000

House of saman and oghuz turks?
I do not understand why this article states that it could be possible that the house of saman belonged to the oghuz turks just to mention the unlikeliness of this possibility right after. The house of Saman descended from a parthian family and are Iranian, the idea that there is a chance that the house of saman is of turkic origin is ridiculous at best. I hope someone can address my concerns over this. Thank you. 216.181.132.21 (talk) 20:37, 28 November 2022 (UTC)

Origin of the dynasty
Dear writer of this article. A peace of poem in legacy section, is not a reliable source to prove that Samanids were from Sassanid linage.

The source from Cambridge Press https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC only indicates that Samanids are decendents of Bahram Chubin as a theory putting it along side their Turkic origin theory. The book mentions a first hand source for the latter while it does not support the first theory (Samanids' descendancy from Sassanids). However, in this article you state with certainty that "They considered themselves to be descendants of the Sasanian Empire" without mentioning that it is a probability.

You may want to either erase the sentence or mention that their origin is a matter of debate.

Aceditor00 (talk) 13:03, 25 April 2023 (UTC)

Here we go again

 * "The victors in the civil war played on fears of Tajik nationalism among the large Uzbek minority and other non-Tajiks. The main political rivalries during the civil war and since pitted different factions of Tajiks (and others the Soviet system classified as Tajiks) against each other. The victors do on occasion invoke symbols of nationalism that the intelligentsia has also favoured. This can be seen as continuing to work with forms bequeathed by Soviet nationality politics and employing some of the same arguments. For example, the Samanid dynasty, which ruled much of the eastern Iranian world in the ninth and tenth centuries from its capital in Bukhara, is extolled as a Tajik state. Yet the Samanids would not have agreed with their Soviet characterization as Tajiks distinct from the broader population of Persian-speakers." page xxi, The Transformation of Tajikistan: The Sources of Statehood

As for Foltz source which you used, does not say that they were Tajiks in the same manner as Tajiks of today;

"During his last years and up to his death in 907 Ismā‘īl Sāmānī exercised control over most of the Iranian world. One may, as modern Tajiks emphatically do, consider him to be a ‘Tajik’ in the sense that he was a Persian-speaking Muslim – Persian being, as we have noted, the primary language through which Central Asia was Islamicized by Iranian converts from the West" - p. 66

This Iranica article goes into depth regarding the fact that "Tajik" was not an ethnonym in the same sense as it is today. There is more. Can't post it all here, too much info. Though it's freely accessible:

 * 1) "Though nowadays accepted proudly as an autonym (self-designation), the name Tājik was in origin a heteronym, conferred on the Tajiks by others. It did not always have its current connotations, and the Tajiks of today were not always so called. There is some scholarly controversy, and even more popular misunderstanding, surrounding the name."
 * 2) "The modern meaning of “Tajik” has been distorted in Tajik-language and Russian academic usage (both Soviet and post-Soviet) by the propaganda of the complementary agendas of Soviet nationalities policy and Tajik nationalism, so that the tail often wags the dog. In most scholarly writing on Persian literature and cultural history (of Iran and India as well as Central Asia) the adjective is usually construed as “Perso-Tajik” or “Tajik-Persian” poetry, historiography, etc., in an atopical and anachronistic application of the national ethnonym to the entire Persianate world: e.g., persidsko-tadžikskaia leksikografiia v Indii ‘Perso-Tajik lexicography in India’. This development was due largely to an understandable attempt by influential Tajik writers such as Ṣadr-al-Din ʿAyni and Bobojon Ghafurov, co-opted into the Soviet enterprise, to use Moscow’s own divide-and-rule nationalities policy against Moscow and Tashkent, in order to forestall assimilation of the Tajiks into Stalin’s Greater Russia or (a more immediate threat) Turkic Uzbekistan."

 * "In Central Asia, the meaning of previously-existing group names was changed and given an ethnic content. Some groups were declared part of the Uzbek nation, and the boundaries of an entity called “Uzbekistan” (which had never existed before) were delimited (Carlisle 1991b, p.24). The implementation of the nationalities policy was similar in Tajikistan. Tajik national identity was recognized in the national delimitation of 1924. Before the Soviet Union there was no idea of national identity among the population of Tajikistan. During the time of national delimitation there was great confusion among the population of Tajikistan when people were asked to declare their nationality. In Khujand, for example, many could not say whether they were Uzbeks or Tajiks. Some Iranian speakers called themselves Uzbeks. Subsequently Soviet policies began to create a Tajik national consciousness (Harmstone 1970, pp.78–79)." After the creation of Tajikistan, especially after 1929, the Soviet regime implemented policies which aimed at creating a sense of national identity. The Soviet Union promoted a national differentiation policy. Tajik culture was defined by Persian heritage, separate and distinct from the Turkic heritage of the Uzbeks and the nomads of the steppes, yet also distinct from Persia (Harmstone 1970, p.232). These policies were critical to the development of Tajik national consciousness. The same was true for the development of the Uzbek nation as well. Nation was developed with the Soviet policies as a part of the greater Soviet identity and counter to panTurkic, pan-Islamic, and pan-Turkestan ideas." - Power, Networks and Violent Conflict in Central Asia: A Comparison of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

 * "This essay looks at the national history of the Tajiks of Central Asia that was created in the twentieth century and has continued to develop into the twenty-first century. It traces the notion of Tajik nationalism, which arose in the 1920s under the Soviet Union, largely in response to Uzbek nationalism. Soviet intellectuals and scholars thereafter attempted to construct a new history for the Tajiks. The most important effort in that area was Bobojon Ghafurov’s study Tadzhiki (Tajiks, 1972), which gave them primacy among the Central Asian peoples" - p. 224, New Nation, New History: Promoting National History in Tajikistan, Brill

Also, the Adeeb Khalid source you used does not say that the Samanids were Tajiks, quite the contrary, that the Soviet-era Tajiks tried to create their own identity; "In the Soviet era, the Tajik intelligentsia built up a glorious heritage for the nation that traced the origins of the Tajik nation, via the tenth-century Samanid state centered in Bukhara, to the ancient Sogdians. Tajik intellectuals saw their nation as the most ancient, most “civilized” people in Central Asia, heir to the wisdom of the Avesta and the glories of much of Persian poetry. But they had no modern history to lay claim to and no political references more recent than the Samanids." p. 148 HistoryofIran (talk) 22:29, 26 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Samanid Empire


text:
Talk:Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces

Also no admiral has ever served as Commander-in-Chief of the Turkish Armed Forces

Supreme Commander
The official website of the Swedisd Armed Forces (mil.se) has an english page on Gen. Syrén, where he is presented as "General Håkan Syrén, Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces" or the "Supreme Commander" for short. This page (also mil.se) mentions him as "The Swedish Supreme Commander, General Håkan Syrén, [...]" and with an acronym as "[...] SC General Håkan Syrén.". Should we totally abandon the Commander-in-Chief-thing or just mention SC as an alternative title? /Storpilot 23:52, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

From tree to four stars
it would be interesting to know when the rank increased by one star becomming a four-star general rank --Malin Randstrom (talk) 07:27, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

 * According to Swedish Wikipedia, Olof Thörnell was promoted from Lieutenant General (three stars) to General (four stars) on 1 January 1940, 24 days after his appointment as Supreme Commander, and since then all Supreme Commanders have been Generals. -- Jao (talk) 10:03, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the reply, however, I was asking when all general ranks were increased by one star. That is, when a Swedish Lieutenant General previously represented by two stars increased to three stars. Similarily, when a General previously represented by three stars increased to four stars. Thanks, --Malin Randstrom (talk) 10:40, 5 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Ah, I see what you're asking now. The 1952 uniform still had 1–3 stars, some time in the 1980s I know it was 2–4. Susning may be right that it happened some time during the 1970s, but at any rate the extra star predates the brigadier rank. -- Jao (talk) 14:25, 5 November 2008 (UTC)

Removing speculation on Prime Minister being Supreme Commander in peacetime
I removed this pragraph for the following reasaons;

1. I have found no source verifying that such a discussion has ever taken place. 2. Such a move would fall under the concept of "ministerstyre", which is a no-no. 3. The opscommander (C Insatsledningen) at Headquarters formally leads all operations (under the say-so of the SC) in Sweden in peacetime, from deploying a battalion to Afghanistan to having the Home Guard look for missing children (he does delegate the latter quite heavily). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hans Engstrom (talk • contribs) 02:20, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Minister of Supply and Services

Minister of Supply and Services was an office in the Cabinet of Canada from 1969 to 1996. On July 12, 1996, office of the Minister of Supply and Services and the office of the Minister of Public Works were abolished and replaced with the office of Minister of Public Works and Government Services.

title: Minister of Supply and Services


text:
Sevenoaks School

Sevenoaks School is a highly selective coeducational English public school (a long-established fee-charging boarding school for pupils aged 11/13–18) with provision for day attendees in Sevenoaks, Kent, England. It is the second oldest non-denominational school in the United Kingdom, dating back to 1432, only behind Oswestry (1407). Around 1,200 day pupils and boarders attend, ranging in age from 11 to 18 years. There are approximately equal numbers of boys and girls. In 2006 it became the first major UK school to switch entirely from A level exams to the International Baccalaureate.

Sevenoaks School is among several leading UK schools that now charge annual boarding fees in excess of £42,000, making it one of the most expensive schools in the country. It is a registered charity.

Academic
IB results:

In 2023 the average IB Diploma score at Sevenoaks School was 39 points (eight points above the world average). 57 per cent of students earned 40 points or more, with 73 students earning 42 points or more. Five students achieved the maximum Diploma score of 45 points, among just 25 students in the UK to do so in 2023.

GCSE results:

In 2023, 86.1 per cent of all GCSEs were graded 9/8/7 or A*/A, in line with 2019 pre-pandemic results. 43 per cent of all examinations were graded 9. 85 students gained 10 or more 9/8/7 or A*/A grades, and of those, 13 gained 10 or more top grades of 9 (or A*).

Facilities
Three buildings were constructed for the school prior to the 20th century – Old School (formerly School House, which was built with the Almshouses in the early 18th century in the Palladian style and designed by Lord Burlington), the old Assembly Hall (1890) now part of the Swanzy Block, and the Cottage Block (late 19th century). Additional early buildings, previously private houses, include Park Grange (mid-19th century), Girls International House (c. 1700), Claridge House (18th century), Manor House (late 18th century) and Temple House (1884). In April 2010, a new 13-million pound performing arts centre, The Space, was opened on the school campus. The Space was designed by Tim Ronalds Architects with Price & Myers acting as consulting engineers and has won several awards: the Commercial & Public Access category in the 2010 Wood Awards, Best Education Building in the 2010 Brick Awards, and an RIBA Award (South East Region) in 2011. It was also nominated for Best Public Building award of the 2012 Kent Design Awards.

In 2018, the school opened a new Science and Technology Centre, also designed by Tim Ronalds Architects. The building was awarded a RIBA South East Award 2019, RIBA South East Client of the Year Award 2019 and RIBA National Award 2019. It houses laboratories, the Technology department, Sixth Form Common room and a large multi-purpose space. The RIBA Jury described it as “... great cathedral of a space, full of life and light” The school has a sports centre, the Sennocke Centre, which includes a swimming pool, tennis centre, climbing wall, squash courts, gym and dance studio.

History
Founded in 1432 by William Sevenoke as a part of his last will and testament, the school was intended to give a classical education to boys from the town, free of church constrictions. Sevenoke’s will also provided for almshouses for poor men and women. Sevenoaks School is one of the oldest lay foundations in England. Sevenoke was Mayor of London and, as a friend of Henry V, may have been influenced by the MP for Shropshire and King's pleader, David Holbache, who founded Oswestry in 1407. According to William Lambarde and Richard Johnson (Nine Worthies of London), Sevenoke was a foundling, whose decision to establish the school and almshouses may have been inspired by his early history.

In 1560, in response to a petition by Ralph Bosville and Sevenoaks parishioners, Elizabeth I issued letters patent incorporating the school, giving it the right to use her name, and changing its governance. A seal was issued bearing Bosville's initials and the motto Servire Deo Regnari Est. Ralph Bosville was Clerk of the Court of Wards and Liveries, a JP and owner of the Manor of Bradbourne near Sevenoaks, and under the conditions of the letters patent, he and his heirs were to serve on the governing body as long as they lived in Kent. He has been described as the school's 'second founder'. Supporting the letters patent, statues and ordinances were issued in 1574 and a private act of Parliament (39 Eliz. 1. c. 13) passed in 1597. The school also received a number of bequests during the sixteenth century and during this period was brought to wider attention by William Lambarde's A Perambulation of Kent (1576).

The school is thought to have been initially housed in small buildings near the present site, before a school house was built. Rebuilding took place in 1631, under the supervision of Thomas Pett. It was again rebuilt in 1724, to the designs of Lord Burlington, a friend of the headmaster of the time, Elijah Fenton. Building work was completed in 1732. During this period the Master and scholars were housed outside the town.

The school remained small until the late 19th century. School records show that between 1716 and 1748, under the headmastership of the Revd Simpson, school numbers dropped from 'a great many scholars' to only four boys. Simpson resigned and was replaced by Edward Holme, a distant relative of Sir Richard Burton. By 1778 there were around 60 pupils, and the same is indicated in the School Inquiry Commission of 1868.

In 1884 the governors appointed Daniel Birkett as headmaster. It was Birkett's vision to elevate the school's status to that of a First Grade Classical School. He started this revolution, reducing the number of free places to the townfolk and expanding boarding. When he resigned in the 1890s the school had over 100 boys. Birkett's revolution was continued by George Heslop who increased the size to a peak of 134 boys, although numbers dropped towards the end of the First World War (during which 350 Old Sennockians enlisted). Geoffrey Garrod followed Heslop in 1919. In the same year, the headmaster's wife, Mrs Garrod, started a new school for younger boys; Sevenoaks Prep School started with six pupils in the school Cottage Block. An element of selection entered the admissions process in the early 1920s.

James Higgs-Walker succeeded Garrod in 1924. Higgs-Walker introduced day houses, expanded school sports and extracurricular activities and expanded the school with the help of the school's benefactor, Charles Plumptre Johnson, who was a governor from 1913 to 1923 and chairman from 1923 to his death in 1938. Johnson donated many gifts to the school with his brother, Edward: *The Flagpole, 1924, *Thornhill, 1924 (Johnson's House), *Johnson's Hall, 1936 (Now Johnson's Library), *The Sanitorium, 1938, *Park Grange and the surrounding estate, 1946.

Higgs-Walker led the school until 1956 when he was succeeded by Kim Taylor. During Taylor's headship the school became more prominent nationally through Taylor's introduction of a number of innovative teaching methodologies, "Mr. Taylor, the Headmaster, has built so successfully on the work of his predecessor that in the ten years he has been at Sevenoaks it has changed from an old-established minor public school ... into an experimental outpost of the Headmasters' Conference."

The school was a pioneer in the introduction of 'The New Maths', an approach to teaching the subject which made it less abstract, and more engaging for pupils. The school adopted the textbooks and examination regime of the School Mathematics Project (SMP) which had been pioneered at a number of other private schools.

The final period of every Wednesday was set aside for the sixth form to attend lectures, usually with a current affairs theme. Speakers have included public figures such as trade union leaders Ray Buckton (ASLEF) and Hugh Scanlon (AEU), boxer Henry Cooper, philosopher A. J. Ayer and astronomer Patrick Moore.

In 1968, Taylor was succeeded by Michael Hinton who was himself succeeded by Alan Tammadge in 1971.

In 1976, the school first admitted girls and moved from being a single-sex school to a co-educational one.

In 2012, the independent review of A level and IB results, based on government issued statistics, ranked Sevenoaks School first in the UK, ahead of Westminster (17th), St Paul's (22nd), Harrow (34th), Winchester (73rd) and Eton (80th).

The school is a former member of the G20 Schools group.

Fee-fixing cartel
Between 2001 and 2004, Sevenoaks School orchestrated the 'private school fee fixing scandal', a fee-fixing cartel involving fifty prominent independent schools in the United Kingdom. It was subsequently found guilty of operating a fee-fixing cartel by the Office of Fair Trading. The Independent Schools Council – a lobby group funded by the independent schools in question – said that the investigation had been "a scandalous waste of public money".

Inflation of predicted grades
In June 2020, The Guardian reported that, as formally codified as a school policy in the staff handbook, Sevenoaks School had for 'many years' exaggerated the predicted exam results of '1 in 12' of its students (20 per year).

This policy was outlined in full in July 2020 by The Daily Telegraph, which revealed that 'in around 20 cases a year' the school inflated predicted grades 'to facilitate the application' of the student to university. Mary Curnock Cook commented that it was 'embarrassing for Sevenoaks that deliberately overpredicting students’ grades is in writing in their guidelines'.

The Charity Commission stated that it had engaged with the school over 'a broad set of concerns including predictions' and 'governance concerns', with which investigation the school said it was 'cooperating fully'. UCAS confirmed that it had already sent the school a reminder of its guidelines, and the Department for Education warned that 'Schools should not be inflating predicted grades'. The school 'refuted any suggestion that we would unfairly exaggerate UCAS predictions' and then announced that it would edit the staff handbook to 'ensure there is no confusion'. Furthermore, after initially stating that its accuracy in predicting grades 'significantly outperformed the national average', the school clarified that its predictions did not outperform the national average. The International Baccalaureate stated that the last five years of predictions were 'in line with' results. Robert Sackville-West, 7th Baron Sackville, who sits on the UK board of the International Baccalaureate, was Chair of Trustees at the school from 2002 until 2008, and since 2012 has been Chair of the Trustees of the Sevenoaks School Foundation, a charity that acts as the fundraising arm of the school.

On 25 June 2020, Shadow Education Secretary Mike Watson, Baron Watson of Invergowrie posed a written question to the Conservative Party in the House of Lords, asking 'what discussions they have had with Sevenoaks School'. Elizabeth Berridge, Baroness Berridge, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of the Department for Education, replied that 'the school has been reminded about [UCAS] guidelines' and that 'Schools should not be inflating predicted grades.'

In literature

 * Sevenoaks schoolmaster William Painter introduced his translation of William Fulke's Antiprognosticon (1560) with a letter written from Sevenoaks.
 * The finding of William Sevenoke is described by William Lambarde in A Perambulation of Kent (1576).
 * William Camden mentions the school and almshouses in Britannia (1586).
 * A school tradition, cited in the prospectus and school history, maintains that Sevenoaks is the 'grammar school' of Jack Cade's speech in Henry VI Part 2, Act 4, scene 7. Jonathan Bate would appear to support this (The Genius of Shakespeare, 1997).
 * William Sevenoke is one of Richard Johnson's Nine Worthies of London (1592).
 * John Stow refers to William Sevenoke's civic roles and the founding of the school and almshouses in his Survey of London (1603), as does Anthony Munday in A Brief Chronicle (1611).
 * Daniel Defoe refers to the school in A tour through the whole island of Great Britain (1724–27).
 * John Wesley preached 'at an open place near the Free-School', on Saturday, 4 October 1746. (Journal of the Rev John Wesley)
 * Maurice Henry Hewlett reflects on friendships of his schooldays in Lore of Proserpine (1913).
 * The Sevenoaks education of Huang Ya Dong (Wang Y Tong) and the son of John Frederick Sackville and Giovanna Baccelli is mentioned in Vita Sackville-West's Knole and the Sackvilles (1922).
 * Charlie Higson's fictional boarding school, Rowhurst (The Dead, 2010) was inspired by Sevenoaks.
 * In Ian McEwan's novel Sweet Tooth (2012), the character Tom Haley is described as 'the product of a good grammar school, Sevenoaks'.

Notable students and alumni
Former pupils are known as "Old Sennockians".

Academics and scientists

 * Sir Jonathan Bate, academic, biographer and critic
 * Mark Brouard, professor of chemistry
 * Simon Donaldson, mathematician
 * Francis Everitt, professor of physics, Stanford University
 * Emily Greenwood, professor of Classics and the University Center for Human Values
 * George Grote, historian
 * David Kear (geologist), geologist
 * Noel Kingsbury, writer on gardening and plant science
 * Paddy Lowe, motor racing engineer
 * Tom McLeish, theoretical physicist
 * Philip Ruffles, aerospace engineer, former Director of Engineering and Technology of Rolls-Royce plc
 * Max Saunders, academic specialising in modern literature and culture
 * Jonael Schickler, philosopher
 * Oliver Taplin, professor
 * Nigel Warburton, philosopher
 * Nick Wirth, automotive engineer and former owner of the Simtek Formula One team

Activists, diplomats and politicians

 * Jonathan Evans, Baron Evans of Weardale, former Director General of MI5
 * Stephen Hale, Chief Executive of Refugee Action
 * Michael Holmes, former leader of UK Independence Party[citation needed]
 * Raşit Pertev, Turkish Cypriot development practitioner, politician and writer
 * Colwyn Philipps, 3rd Viscount St Davids, British peer, Conservative Party politician and Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords
 * Christopher Prout, Baron Kingsland, British barrister and Conservative Party politician
 * Sir Jonathan Stephens, civil servant
 * Tristram Stuart, author and campaigner
 * Ben Summerskill, lobbyist, Director of the Criminal Justice Alliance
 * Peter Thomson (diplomat), former President of the United Nations General Assembly
 * Colin Vereker, 8th Viscount Gort, Irish peer and member of the House of Keys
 * Caroline Wilson (diplomat), British Ambassador to China

Arts and entertainment

 * Tanis, singer songwriter and composer
 * Adam Curtis, filmmaker
 * Daniel Day-Lewis, actor
 * Clive Dunn, actor
 * Tom Edge, screenwriter
 * Clive Farahar, antiquarian book specialist, dealer, expert on the BBC's Antiques Roadshow
 * Daniel Flynn (actor), actor
 * Andy Gill, musician
 * Brett Goldstein, actor, comedian, writer
 * Andrew Gourlay, conductor
 * Tom Greenhalgh, musician
 * Paul Greengrass, director and filmmaker
 * Emma Johnson, clarinetist
 * Jon King, musician
 * James McVinnie, organist and pianist
 * Joe Stilgoe, singer, pianist and songwriter
 * Geoffrey Streatfeild, actor
 * The Webb Sisters, Charley and Hattie Webb, musicians
 * Helen Zaltzman, broadcaster and writer

Artists and designers

 * Charles Barry Jr., architect
 * Will Burrard-Lucas, wildlife photographer
 * Lucy Cousins, illustrator and author
 * Thomas Heatherwick, designer
 * Emma Hope, British shoe designer
 * Simon Starling, winner of the 2005 Turner Prize

Business

 * Parth Jindal, Managing Director of JSW Cement and JSW Paints
 * Vikas Kapoor, CEO of Mezocliq
 * Jill McDonald, CEO of Costa Coffee and former CEO of Halfords

Church leaders

 * Thomas Comber, Dean of Durham
 * John Frith, martyr and translator of the New Testament
 * Charles Wordsworth, churchman, scholar and schoolmaster
 * Edward Perronet, hymn-writer, itinerant Wesleyan preacher
 * Alan Wilson (bishop), Bishop of Buckingham
 * Clive Gregory, Bishop of Wolverhampton

Journalists, writers and publishers

 * Paul Adams, journalist
 * Tanya Arnold, sports journalist
 * Mick Audsley, film editor
 * John Bowdler the Younger, essayist, poet and lawyer
 * Olivia Cole, journalist and poet
 * Sarah Harrison, investigative journalist, staff member of WikiLeaks
 * Maurice Henry Hewlett, author
 * Charlie Higson, comedian and author
 * Sonny Mehta, editor, former head of Alfred A Knopf
 * Plum Sykes, author
 * Elleston Trevor, author and playwright

Military

 * Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge, field marshal and statesman
 * Patrick Heenan, Captain in the British Indian Army who was convicted of treason and executed after spying for Japan during the Malayan campaign of World War II
 * Martin Smith, former Commandant General Royal Marines
 * Charles Stickland, former Commandant General Royal Marines
 * Vice Admiral Gordon McLintock (USMS), the 4th and longest serving superintendent of the United States Merchant Marine Academy

Royalty

 * Sir Timothy Laurence, vice admiral and husband of Princess Anne, The Princess Royal
 * Prince Amedeo of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este, grandson of King Albert II of Belgium and nephew to Philippe King of the Belgians
 * Princess Luisa Maria of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este, granddaughter of King Albert II of Belgium and niece to Philippe King of the Belgians
 * Princess Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis, daughter of Johannes, 11th Prince of Thurn and Taxis

Sports

 * Christina Bassadone, Olympic sailor
 * Daniel Caprice, rugby union player
 * Paul Downton, cricketer
 * Tash Farrant, cricketer
 * James Graham-Brown, cricketer
 * Tony Roques, Rugby union player
 * Robby Swift, windsurfer
 * Chris Tavaré, cricketer (ex biology teacher at the school)
 * Andy Titterrell, rugby union player
 * Ian Walker, Olympic sailor

Other

 * Huang Ya Dong, early Chinese visitor to England
 * C. W. R. Knight, British falconer and writer
 * Emma Slade, charity founder, Buddhist nun and writer

Former staff

 * Jonty Driver (English teacher 1964-5, Housemaster of the International Sixth Form Centre 1967-73), writer, who wrote a book about his experiences at the school
 * Elijah Fenton, poet, biographer, translator and schoolmaster of Sevenoaks School
 * Don Foster, Baron Foster of Bath, British politician
 * Chris Greenhalgh, writer
 * James Higgs-Walker, cricketer and headmaster of Sevenoaks School
 * Alan Hurd, cricketer
 * James Jones, former Bishop of Liverpool
 * Chris Tavaré, retired English international cricketer
 * Kim Taylor, educationalist and headmaster of Sevenoaks School
 * Ernie Toser, English professional footballer

title: Sevenoaks School


text:
CheddarU

CheddarU is an American closed-circuit network available on 600 U.S. college campuses owned by Cheddar, as part of internally originated cable systems that are a part of on-campus housing or college closed-circuit television systems. In 2018, Cheddar acquired MTV Networks on Campus, a former division of Viacom, to launch the channel. Cheddar also acquired RateMyProfessors.com, which was part of the MTVU division since 2007, in October 2018.

History
MTV Networks' proposal for a channel targeting college students, tentatively called MTV University, became public in February 2002. According to The New York Times, the channel was seeking to compete with Burly Bear Network, which was available to 450 campuses and had been attracting nearly a million viewers a week, along with College Television Network (CTN) and the most recent entrant at the time, Zilo.

Seven months later, after CTN ended up in financial trouble and as National Lampoon had just acquired the defunct Burly Bear, MTV Networks acquired CTN for $15 million.

In February 2008, MTV Networks discontinued VH1 Uno, a sparsely viewed Spanish language music video channel, and replaced it with MTVU, to expand the channel into traditional cable distribution.

In May 2018, Cheddar TV acquired Viacom's MTV Networks on Campus; outlets associated with that service will be converted to carry CheddarU, a new secondary feed which will stream content from the flagship financial-news streaming service and segments from Cheddar Big News to 9 million students on more than 600 campuses; universities which previously screened MTV Networks on Campus will continue to receive CheddarU at no cost in exchange for access to the campus. MTVU continues to be available to linear TV platforms via Viacom. Universities that qualify, can receive the CheddarU service for free. CheddarU is part of the ChedNet division of Cheddar, a division focusing on bringing the service to public screens such as gyms, bars, airports, hotels and other public venues.

title: CheddarU


text: Category:Paramount Media Networks

title: Category:Paramount Media Networks


text:
Beit Alfa

Beit Alfa (בֵּית אַלְפָא; also Beit Alpha, Bet Alpha and Bet Alfa) is a kibbutz in the Northern District of Israel, founded in 1922 by immigrants from Poland. Located at the base of the Gilboa ridge, it falls under the jurisdiction of Gilboa Regional Council. As of its population was.

Geography
The kibbutz was founded near a depopulated Arab village, Khirbet Bait Ilfa, at the bottom of the northern steep slopes of Mount Gilboa, on the eastern edge of the Harod Valley, between the Jezreel Valley and the Beit She'an Valley in the Lower Galilee. The Gilboa mountain range stretches to its west, with the closest peaks Har (mount) Barkan (497 m) and Har Gefet (318 m). The area north and east of the kibbutz is flat, but falls to the east towards the Jordan Rift Valley. To the north of the kibbutz flows the Harod Stream, whose waters are used to fill numerous ponds. Adjacent to the kibbutz to the west is kibbutz Heftziba and Beit Alfa Synagogue National Park; Gan HaShlosha National Park is directly to its east; and kibbutz Ma'ale Gilboa sits on top of Mount Gilboa directly to the south. Other notable locations in the vicinity are kibbutzim Reshafim, Sde Nahum, and Nir David, Shita prison, and in the West Bank to the south, on the other side of the Israeli West Bank barrier, is the Palestinian village Faqqua.

History
A 6th century Jewish settlement–of which the Beit Alfa Synagogue formed a part–survived into Islamic times as Beit Ilfa. On 4 November 1922, Hashomer Hatzair settlers from Poland established the modern kibbutz, Beit Alpha, naming it after the nearby abandoned Arab village, Khirbet Beit Ilfa.

The founding members gained their first experience in 1921, when they participated in the establishment of kibbutz Geva. At first, the settlers suffered from very severe operating conditions in the swamps and malaria was widespread. In April 1927 the kibbutz was visited by the Czechoslovak president Tomáš Masaryk. In 1928 the members of the adjacent kibbutz Heftziba discovered on their grounds the remains of the Beth Alpha synagogue, dating back to the Byzantine period. During the Arab riots of 1929 the kibbutz was attacked and its fields destroyed. When in April 1936 the Arab uprising broke out, the Arabs again set fire to the surrounding fields.

In 1940 some of the members, affiliated with Hashomer Hatzair, moved to kibbutz Ramat Yohanan, in exchange for supporters of Mapai from Ramat Yohanan. According to the Jewish National Fund, this move was prompted by an ideological split. In subsequent years the kibbutz was one of the centers used by the Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah.

On 1 April 1948 the kibbutz was attacked by Arab mortar fire. The Arabs withdrew as a platoon from the 1st parachute battalion of the British 6th Airborne Division approached. After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Gilboa Educational Institute was established in the northern part of the kibbutz. The institute, which served as a school for the surrounding area, offered boarding and had an array of sports facilities and workshops enabling professional training. At the end of 2003 the institute was closed and the complex of buildings has since been used for various educational courses. During the 2006 Lebanon War, the kibbutz took in evacuees from the border villages that had been under rocket attack by Hezbollah militants from southern Lebanon. After the war an absorption center for Ethiopian immigrants was set up here. Some 600 people are offered boarding, Hebrew language courses, and are prepared for integration in the Israeli society. Meir Har-Zion built a farm and house, "Ahuzat Shoshana", on a hilltop just north and in sight of Beit Alfa, right next to the ruins of the Crusader castle of Belvoir. The farm is named after his sister and her name is written on the gate to the farm.

Economy
Dairy: The kibbutz dairy was the first in Israel to use robotic milking technology.

Poultry: Beit Alfa operates three poultry houses in which the eggs are collected centrally on an egg conveyor belt.

Furniture: Beit Alfa Home Furniture builds custom furniture for homes and offices. It is a recognized supplier for Israel's Ministry of Defense.

Special Purpose Vehicles: BAT (Beit Alfa Technologies) began making fire trucks in 1966. Today it manufactures vehicles for rapid airport intervention that eject foam, water, and dry powder. BAT manufacturers Water Restraint Systems for non-lethal crowd control of dangerous inmates and correctional facilities. BAT also expanded to become an international designer and manufacturer of special purpose vehicles for the military, law enforcement, and government and private sectors. BAT has sold riot control vehicles to more than 30 countries. According to The Guardian, BAT "developed a profitable industry selling anti-riot vehicles" to the apartheid regime in South Africa "for use against protesters in the black townships". BAT's vehicles have also been used as riot control vehicles in Burundi to suppress protests against the unconstitutional extension of President Nkurunziza's presidency.

Guest Houses: The kibbutz runs a guesthouse with 37 units, five of them with wheelchair access.

Beit Alpha Cucumber
Since the 1930s a kibbutz member, Hanka Lazarson, was engaged in vegetable breeding; including: cucumber, onion, garlic, aubergine and cauliflower. Between 1931 and 1936 she developed a breed of cucumbers that came to be known as the "Beit Alpha Cucumber" (or "Beth Alpha Cucumber"). The breed became highly popular worldwide due to its excellent taste and high yield. The vegetable breeding program in Beit Alpha continued successfully over the next 30 years; constantly improving various varieties.

Archaeology
When irrigation canals were being dug in 1928, an ancient mosaic was unearthed on  Jewish National Fund land on the grounds of Kibbutz Hefzibah. The government of Palestine's Department of Antiquities granted permission for excavation to the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The excavations, led by Eleazar Sukenik, revealed a synagogue and a mosaic floor from the fifth century.

The Beit Alfa Synagogue National Park established at the site contains an ancient Byzantine-era synagogue, with a mosaic floor depicting the lunar Hebrew months as they correspond to the signs of the zodiac.

Notable people
While serving as Israel's (12th) Chief of Staff and after retiring from the army, Moshe Levi lived in Beit Alfa. In his last years, he was the founding chairperson of the supervisory board of Highway 6, also known as the Trans-Israel Highway. Levi died from a stroke and was buried at the kibbutz, with eight generals carrying his body, top government officials, and hundreds who knew and worked with him in attendance.

Actor, writer, producer, comedian Seth Rogen's parents met in Beit Alfa.

Gabriel "Gavrush" Rapoport (1924–2001) was a Palmach and IDF combat veteran, who helped create Israel's famed heavy equipment rescue unit that has saved lives around the world. Gavrush was one of the first children born on the kibbutz. According to Haaretz, Israeli poet and writer Haim Gouri, a friend of Rapoport, said: "When Gavrush was born, the midwife fainted. Never before had an infant come out of the womb holding a revolver in one hand, and an adjustable wrench in the other".

Israeli novelist Naomi Frankel (1918–2009) joined the kibbutz in her teens and left it in 1970. Although she later changed her political ideology from left to right, she asked to be buried on the kibbutz beside her first husband. Frankel rose to fame with the publication of her trilogy Shaul ve-Yohannah (Saul and Joanna, 1956–1967), which depicted Jewish life in prewar Germany.

Songwriter and composer Nachum Heiman, an Israel Prize laureate, moved to the kibbutz with his second wife, and their two daughters were born there, one of them singer Si Heiman.

Israel Zamir (1929–2014), son of Jewish-American author Isaac Bashevis Singer, lived on the kibbutz for 77 years until his death in 2014. After his passing, he was buried at the kibbutz. Like his father, he was also a writer.

In Israeli Culture
Beit Alfa is repeatedly mentioned in the Natan Alterman-penned lyrics to the classic 1934 song, "Shir HaEmek" (Song of the Valley), about the Jezreel Valley.

title: Beit Alfa