text:
Talk:S Club 8

Accuracy of article
Tag added because the sales and single charts are not referenced and according with comparison to other sites these are incorrect.

Please can people stop adding un-sourced material: information, statistics, rumours etc.. It gives fans a false hope and obviously most of it is fabricated.

Tipexcom2 10:35, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

I also question the mention of an alleged 10th original member "Chris." This person is not featured in any capacity in the "S Club Juniors - The Search" special, nor is there any mention of such a person elsewhere on the internet. In the original video on the band's formation, there are always nine kids - which includes Connor who left - not ten, as someone has alleged. Unless someone can confirm this, I say it should be removed.

67.34.225.51 03:37, 8 September 2007 (UTC) (fan & journalist from Boston)

I remember from the S Club Search Programme, Nicky Chapman said they could of chosen 10 persons to be in the final group. Connor was in the final original 7. Few days later, Aaron and Hannah joined after the judges had a re-think. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.77.11.219 (talk) 01:54, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Not To Be Merged Into American Juniors
There is no reason at this time to merge both topics.(Pleasantview 07:19, 2 February 2007 (UTC))

They are from diffrent countries and sing different songs. You can't merge them it would be stupid! 83.104.51.181 18:35, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

S Club 8 sales
The statistics should not be added until they are sourced properly. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tipexcom2 (talk • contribs)

Merge
As per Articles for deletion/Daisy Evans, information from the separate articles on the individual band members was merged here. See those article (which now redirect here) for GFDL attribution and history information on the content in the "Members" section as of this date. DES (talk) 20:26, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

Calvin Goldpink
I dispute keeping information on Calvin solely on this page. It is an insult for him, as an up and coming actor, to just be known as "Calvin from S Club 8". People looking for information on him want to hear about him, not about the band he was in. If necessary, they can look up that seperately. Babygurl1853 14:29, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

Vocal Ranges/Ability
Frankie - Soubrette

Rochelle - Contralto

Stacey - Light Spinto Lyric Soprano

Daisy - Soubrette / Light Lyric Soprano

Hannah - Soubrette

Jay - Tenor

Aaron - Baritone / Bass

Jack - Baritone

I think this would be really interesting to add to the Wikipedia article, but I cant be bothered to join.

82.25.180.130 18:23, 19 July 2007 (UTC)

 * After the Unreferencedsection tag was removed without adding references, I tried to find some. A quick search over the web showed no mention of the names near the mentioned vocal ranges. So I suspect the section to be original research, which even though it is interesting and useful, has no place in Wikipedia. If no references are found, the section may eventually need to be removed. Please find some references... Gidi70 20:05, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Frankie is actually an alto- she said so. 20:19, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Fromabove.jpg
Image:Fromabove.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 07:04, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

jack ives?
i'm more of an S Club 7 kind of guy, but i followed the juniors enough to know that there was no member named jack ives...it seems somebody replaced all mentions of calvin with this jack person....somebody changed a few back, but i removed all remaining references on this page (including a link to a website for IVES & ASSOCIATES Advertising Agency) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 96.233.35.2 (talk) 05:29, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

Removed some POV
I've taken out a claim that The Saturdays are "very good". While they may well be, and I haven't heard them, so can't comment, it shouldn't be mentioned on wikipedia. 86.12.224.190 (talk) 02:02, 25 October 2008 (UTC)

Jay Asforis Redirect
Can someone please tell me why the article for jay Asforis redirects to the S Club 8 page?--1deano1 (talk) 19:13, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

Possible sources

 * The Complete Book of the British Charts By Neil Warwick, Tony Brown, Jon Kutner

Jay is not chipmunk
The article states that Jay is now chipmunk. This is not true it is just a rumor going around that many people actually believe. I have tried to delete it but it keeps getting reverted. Surely this needs evidence to even be on there???? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Biggsey79 (talk • contribs) 14:43, 11 December 2009 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was no consensus. --BDD (talk) 03:58, 11 May 2013 (UTC)

S Club 8 → S Club Juniors – As a four-piece they've changed their name back to S Club Juniors. Relisted. BDD (talk) 23:16, 29 April 2013 (UTC) Unreal7 (talk) 12:23, 19 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Comment. Do you have any references to support this move? Zarcadia (talk) 22:54, 19 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Their official Twitter page. https://twitter.com/SCJOfficial Unreal7 (talk) 10:05, 20 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Oppose. The case seems entirely based on the official name rather than on our article naming policy. It's not even clear to me whether the eight-piece and the four-piece are the same group. Clarify the article first, at present it reads like an extended press release from the promoters. Andrewa (talk) 15:42, 27 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Well they are. Less members doesn't mean a different band. Unreal7 (talk) 13:39, 6 May 2013 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Girls' surnames
Frankie is Bridge now, Rochelle is Humes now, and Hanna was Richings. Why isn't that in the page in the beginning of it? 95.153.135.177 (talk) 21:55, 18 June 2016 (UTC)

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title: Talk:S Club 8


text:
Siege of the Sogdian Rock

The Sogdian Rock or Rock of Ariamazes, a fortress located north of Bactria in Sogdiana (near Samarkand), ruled by Arimazes, was captured by the forces of Alexander the Great in the early spring of 327 BC as part of his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire.

Background
Oxyartes of Bactria had sent his wife and daughters, one of whom was Roxane, to take refuge in the fortress, as it was thought to be impregnable, and was provisioned for a long siege.

When Alexander asked the defenders to surrender, they refused, telling him that he would need "men with wings" to capture it.

Siege
Alexander asked for volunteers, whom he would reward if they could climb the cliffs under the fortress. There were some 300 men who from previous sieges had gained experience in rock-climbing. Using tent pegs and strong flaxen lines, they climbed the cliff face at night, losing about 30 of their number during the ascent. In accordance with Alexander's orders, they signalled their success to the troops below by waving bits of linen, and Alexander sent a herald to tell the defenders that if they looked up, they would see that he had found his winged men. The defenders were so surprised and demoralised by this that they surrendered, even though they outnumbered the mountaineers by a hundred to one and Alexander's main force still had no way to reach the summit. The defenders had thought that the Rock was impregnable, and with one bold stroke Alexander showed them how wrong they were. The enemy's quick surrender validated Alexander's insightful use of psychological warfare.

Aftermath
Alexander is said to have fallen in love with Roxane on sight. The Macedonians claimed that Roxane was "the loveliest woman they had seen in Asia, with the one exception of Darius' wife".

From Sogdian Rock, Alexander advanced into Parsetakene which contained another supposedly impregnable craggy fortress known as the Rock of Chorienes, but it was no match for Alexander and it was soon captured. From there Alexander went to Bactra while he sent Craterus with a division of the Macedonian army to complete the pacification of Parsetakene. Alexander remained at Bactra, preparing for his expedition across the Hindu-Kush into India. It was while in Bactra that he married Roxana.

Historiography
The story of the siege of the Sogdian Rock is told in many histories, but it is based on the history written by the Greek historian Arrian of Nicomedia, in his Anabasis (section 4.18.4-19.6). However P. J. Rhodes points out that "this version [of events] produces a very empty 328 and a very full early 327, so we should probably prefer the alternative tradition. In this second tradition instead of the Sogdian Rock and the Rock of Chorienes the same stratagems are used against the Rock of Arimazes and the Rock of Sisimithres in the summer of 328".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Siege of the Sogdian Rock


text:
Conchoid of de Sluze

In algebraic geometry, the conchoids of de Sluze are a family of plane curves studied in 1662 by Walloon mathematician René François Walter, baron de Sluze.

The curves are defined by the polar equation
 * $$r=\sec\theta+a\cos\theta \,.$$

In cartesian coordinates, the curves satisfy the implicit equation
 * $$(x-1)(x^2+y^2)=ax^2 \,$$

except that for $a = 0$ the implicit form has an acnode $(0,0)$ not present in polar form.

They are rational, circular, cubic plane curves.

These expressions have an asymptote $x = 1$ (for $a ≠ 0$). The point most distant from the asymptote is $(1 + a, 0)$. $(0,0)$ is a crunode for $a < −1$.

The area between the curve and the asymptote is, for $a ≥ −1$,
 * $$|a|(1+a/4)\pi \,$$

while for $a < −1$, the area is
 * $$\left(1-\frac a2\right)\sqrt{-(a+1)}-a\left(2+\frac a2\right)\arcsin\frac1{\sqrt{-a}}.$$

If $a < −1$, the curve will have a loop. The area of the loop is
 * $$\left(2+\frac a2\right)a\arccos\frac1{\sqrt{-a}} + \left(1-\frac a2\right)\sqrt{-(a+1)}.$$

Four of the family have names of their own:
 * $a = 0$, line (asymptote to the rest of the family)
 * $a = −1$, cissoid of Diocles
 * $a = −2$, right strophoid
 * $a = −4$, trisectrix of Maclaurin

title: Conchoid of de Sluze


text:
Scylding

The Scyldings (OE Scyldingas) or Skjǫldungs (ON Skjǫldungar), both meaning "descendants of Scyld/Skjǫldr", were, according to legends, a clan or dynasty of Danish kings, that in its time conquered and ruled Denmark and Sweden together with part of England, Ireland and North Germany. The name is explained in many texts, such as Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann's 'Research on the Field of History' (Forschungen auf dem Gebiete der Geschichte), by the descent of this family from an eponymous king Scyld, but the title is sometimes applied to rulers who purportedly reigned before him, and the supposed king may be an invention to explain the name. There was once a Norse saga on the dynasty, the Skjöldunga saga, but it survives only in a Latin summary by Arngrímur Jónsson.

Descent from Sceaf
According to Anglo-Saxon legends recounted in Widsith and other sources such as Æthelweard (Chronicon), the earliest ancestor of Scyld was a culture-hero named Sceaf, who was washed ashore as a child in an empty boat, bearing a sheaf of wheat. This is said to have occurred on an island named Scani or Scandza (Scania), and according to William of Malmesbury (Gesta regum Anglorum) he was later chosen as King of the Angles, reigning from Schleswig. His descendants became known as Scefings, or more usually Scyldings (after Sceldwea). Snorri Sturluson adopted this tradition in his Prologue to the Prose Edda, giving Old Norse forms for some of the names. The following list gives the supposed pedigree.

From Skjöld to Halfdan
The number, names, and order of the Skjöldung kings vary greatly in different texts until one comes to Halfdan/Healfdene.

All Old English texts call Scyld's son and successor Beaw or some similar name. (The name was expanded to Beowulf in the poem Beowulf, probably in error by a scribe who thought it was an abbreviation for the name of the poem's hero, who is quite a different person). Halfdan/Healfdene seems to be the direct son of Beaw in the poem. But all Scandinavian sources that mention both Skjöld and Halfdan put Halfdan some generations after Skjöld and make no mention of King Beaw (save for a genealogy in the Prologue to Snorri Sturluson's Edda which is taken from English traditions).

According to Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum (Book 1), Skjöld was succeeded by a son named Gram. Since gram is also a simple adjective meaning "fierce" and a common kenning for "king", it might be that Saxo or a source has misunderstood some account referring to Beaw as being gram or a gram and wrongly taken it here as a personal name. Saxo has much to tell of this Gram who becomes the father of Hadingus of whom he has even more to relate, Hadingus in turn becomes the father of a king Frotho I who is father of Haldanus I.

Snorri Sturluson in his Edda, along with some other Old Norse texts, makes Skjöld to be father of Fridleif father of Fróði under whose reign the world was at peace. Snorri mentions this Fróði son of Fridleif in the Ynglinga saga also. But in this work Snorri also introduces a second, later Fróði, said to be son of certain Dan Mikilláti. The second Fróði is known both as Fróði Mikilláti and Fróði the Peace-lover and looks suspiciously like a duplicate of the other peaceful Fróði. Snorri makes this second Fróði the father of Halfdan and of another son named Fridleif.

Saxo in Books 4–5, long after the reign of Halfdan and the fall of the Skjöldung dynasty, also introduces a king named Dan, the third king with that name in his account, whose son is Fridleif whose son is Fróði under whose reign the world achieves peace. This Fróði is also the father of a son named Fridleif according to Saxo.

There are other differing accounts of Halfdan's ancestors. The names, number, and order of legendary Danish kings are very inconsistent in extant texts and it would appear that different writers and story tellers differently arranged what tales of legendary Danish kings they knew in whatever order seemed best to them.

Halfdan and his descendants
In all accounts Halfdan is father of Helgi (called Halga in Beowulf) and Hróar (called Hrothgar in Beowulf). Helgi is father of the famous Hrólf Kraki (called Hrothulf in Beowulf). In Beowulf, another son of Healfdene/Halfdan named Heorogar is father of Heoroweard who corresponds to Hjörvard in the Old Norse accounts where Hjörvard's parentage is not told. The Old Norse accounts make Hjörvard to be the husband of Hrólf's sister and tell how Hjörvard rebelled against King Hrólf and burned him in his hall. But Hjörvard was himself soon slain and with him the rule of the Skjöldung dynasty ended.

Other Skjöldungar
A later lineage said to be of Skjöldung descent:
 * Halfdan the Valiant
 * Ivar Vidfamne
 * Harald Hildetand
 * Östen Beli

title: Scylding


text:
User:Bcorr/Welcome

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

Anyone can edit here, of course, but there are advantages to creating an account if you want to contribute on a regular basis. If you want to join up, create an account.

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title: User:Bcorr/Welcome


text:
Talk:The Black Hole (1979 film)

References to use

 * Please add to the list references that can be used for the film article.

Discussion 2005
I wasn't sure how to reword this in the article itself, but it bears pointing out that, in the film, the Cygnus does not lose its gravitational control because the battle between the Palimino crew and the Cygnus robots. It loses control because of a huge meteor storm that strikes the ship.

Well, why don't you write that down in the article? By the way, is the black hole, in this film, and actual hole in space or is it a concentration of mass like it is in real life? I suspect it's probably a portal to another dimension. "A new reality of existence"? Scorpionman 01:35, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
 * As far as I understand it, a black hole is a mass compressed to a single point in space. Its gravity is so strong that light cannot escape it, which explains the moniker.  As for what happens to space inside a black hole, ask Stephen Hawking. -- Popefelix 13:51, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Disney Ending

I didn't think this was appropriate to the article so I thought I'd put it here. It seems that despite its PG rating, the ending of the movie is still quite "disneyfied", with the cast members placed into some sort of heaven/hell scenario, rather than crushed into a single point in space due to catastrophic gravitational collapse. Or perhaps the entire ending is a hallucination caused during a period of unconsciousness prior to death due to being crushed to a single point in space?

We may never know the definitive truth about black holes (unless we can find some sort of energy capable of escaping back over their event horizon), but I'm at least 99.99% confident that what happens to you when you enter one has nothing to do with whether you were a good or bad person, any more than what happens to you after you leap out of a skyscraper window has to do with your moral qualities. Gravity is gravity. RudolfRadna 20:18, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

 * The idea that a black hole is a gateway to another place in space/time or another space/time entirely is an old one in science fiction. That Disney used this is not a particular slight against them or an indictment of the film in any way, it's simply one of the ideas present in the genre. Iceberg3k 04:06, 9 December 2005 (UTC)

And science fiction is science FICTION. Wanna pick a fight with Kubrick for the Star Child?--RicardoC 20:33, 12 September 2005 (UTC)

I readed the book of the movie "The black hole". In the book the three people die when they voyage in the inner of black hole, and their bodies compremied into atoms. But their minds live.

Philipp Mevius, Germany 15 December 2005

Classic?
In this article the film was referred to as "a science fiction classic." I took that line out, because so far as I know it's mostly considered a bad film by those who remember it at all. Some critical reviews backing this notion of TBH being a newly appreciated classic might justify the line, if anyone could find any. Sleeper99999 13:52, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

 * It's a cult film, really. Certainly not like Monty Python and the Holy Grail, but there's enough of a following to it to get a small DVD re-release I've seen tucked away in Wal-Mart in the past few months. Some people are still watching (including myself). Also, I have to dispute the "answer to Star Wars" theory, since it was so long in preproduction, though certainly progress might have been sped up because of it. I don't have any evidence to back this up aside from a promo booklet in a limited-edition VHS re-release tin, which could very well be biased, so for now I leave that as it is.

 * I agree with the assertion the this is a cult film. I've always loved it, but it's not to everyone's taste.194.75.129.2 02:14, 22 January 2006 (UTC)Robovski

 * I think the term "cult film" is banded around far too liberally to the point where it now just refers to "any film that did not do very well at the box office". Just because it got released on DVD does not in any way make it a cult film or a classic of any kind (all manner of rubbish gets released on DVD). Personally, I like The Black Hole for nostalgic reasons...but I must also confess that I dont know a single other person who does, save the people on this message forum. I think for something to achieve cult status, it has to have a very visible fan following. Star Trek in the 1970s could be said to have had a cult following. Buffy The Vampire Slayer, now some years after it ended, could still be said to have a cult following (because there are graphic novels, various websites, etc). Even Firefly (a TV series that never even completed a first season) could be said to have a cult following, because it lives on in various multimedia formats. But are there Black Hole fan conventions? Are there recent Black Hole graphic novels? Are there dozens of Black Hole websites out there? Nope. A few people professing to like it on a message board (myself included) does not make it a "cult following". MassassiUK 20:02, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

The Star Trek designers designed the DS9 wormhole after the Disney Black Hole. I think that qualifies. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.179.22.132 (talk) 18:10, 21 December 2008 (UTC)
 * That's an opinion, not a fact, and it still doesn't make it a "cult classic". 80.47.17.179 (talk) 22:15, 23 March 2010 (UTC)
 * How do you know it's an opinion? Maybe ask for refs before stating that there are none.  Also..  If the requirement to be a cult film are fan conventions and graphic novels, then the cult film status is extremely rarified...  At least before graphic novels became popular with a certain subset.  As for multiple websites...  Once again, since the interwebs are relatively new, that's also an unfair exclusion.  "Cult" following, by its very nature, means it's a small subset. 130.76.96.145 (talk) 16:05, 17 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Here's a radical suggestion: How about if reliable sources call it a "cult classic", it's a cult classic. Without such sources, it isn't. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 22:44, 17 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Noted American literary critic John Kenneth Muir calls it a "cult movie" in his 2009 review of the film, although he does not use the specific term "cult classic". It's an absolutely first rate piece of reviewing, by the way, and well worth the read. It has been screened on Turner Classic Movies, and |0/The-Black-Hole.html their review affords it "minor cult status". The term cult film is the usual way of describing a "cult classic", but perhaps cult film would be a more appropriate label if sourcing is a concern. -- Scjessey (talk) 00:16, 18 August 2012 (UTC)

Angel?
Been a while since I watched this movie, but I remember as a kid watching it over and over until the VHS tape wore out. But anyway, I don't recall the crew ever encountering an angel. I remember Reinhart merging with Maximillian "in hell", but the crew are then seen entering the black hole in the escape ship and they get all the flashback voices and flashing lights as they pass down a wormhole or whatever it was. I don't recall ever seeing an angel. Cyberia23 18:38, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Just watched it about a month ago, and there is indeed an angel in the part where they fly through heaven or the ice castle or whatever it is. --Quasipalm 18:43, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Oh, okay, it must have been something they see in the tunnel then. They didn't stop and talk to it. I think I remember the castle thing and recall some "ghostly" images or something drifting past them for a moment. Cyberia23 19:15, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Good point -- I may just have been a ghost, I don't remeber any wings or anything else angley. --Quasipalm 15:36, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Here's the ending:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDj6XtZrxvw

It probably is meant to be an Angel of some sort given that Maximillian, Reinhardt and the crew of the Cygnus are all seen in Hell... The opposing journey, that taken by the surviving good guys, seem to be passing through some kind of Heaven... ThePeg (talk) 16:34, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

Kate's line "habitable life"
What is wrong with Kate's line "to discover habitable life in outer space"? Doesn't this mean the same thing as this article, Habitability? Basicly they were out there looking for planets or moons that could sustain life. I don't think it's a dialogue mistake at all. --Ricky540 23:13, 19 November 2006 (UTC)

 * It's a dialogue goof. They probably meant to say "to search for life and habitable planets in outer space". But to say "habitable life" doesn't make any sense. 79.65.66.38 06:03, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Unless you're a tapeworm. 82.30.240.26 (talk) 22:09, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

Red Meteors?
Far be it for me to argue for the accuracy of a family-oriented science-fiction film, but I'm not sure if the glowing-red-meteors bit counts as a factual error. The _Cygnus_ *is* hovering just outside the vanishing point of a black hole, after all. Matter swirling around a black hole does start to heat up and emit radiation. X-ray radiation from matter being sucked into a black hole is the only way we can currently "observe" something as (ordinarily) dark as a black hole. Is there a particular source for the "red-meteors-are-unscientific" claim? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 70.50.138.48 (talk) 02:03, 6 May 2007 (UTC).

 * Well if the black hole itself is making the meteors so incredibly hot, why isn't it making the ship hot too? After all, the ship is just made out of metal and glass. Bear in mind that the meteors are hot before they even reach the ship, let alone enter the black hole. 79.65.18.9 02:38, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Remember, the Cygnus had an artificial gravity field that stabilized the ship, but the meteors had no such protection. But then a meteor strike disabled the Cygnus' field generator, which left the ship vulnerable.  Sadly, this is where the film departed from the physical conventions it had established earlier...in other words, suddenly the human characters could survive in the vacuum of space.  This article presents the first explanation for this gaffe that I have ever seen -- which is that the actors hated the space suit costumes, so they just shot the EVA scenes without them!  Very interesting.  Sterling Gillette 23:34, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

What you're both forgetting is that in the 60s and 70s we knew nothing about black holes. If you read the hard scifi of the time, you'll find similar mistakes. Simply chalk it up to knowing more NOW, than we knew THEN —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.179.22.132 (talk) 18:01, 21 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Just so you know, much more than nothing was known about black holes in the '60s and '70s. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.102.146.203 (talk) 18:35, 27 March 2022 (UTC)

Special effects diary
The person who was the main builder of the Cygnus models used to have a sort of diary online (before the whole blog thing started) with part of it about his work on "The Black Hole". There were three models built. One was very large and highly detailed for closeups. Some shots used a motion control camera, which at times had the lens within 1/8" of the model. Then there was a smaller model for long distance shots. The third model was the biggest but wasn't the entire ship- just part of the main corridor. That one was used for the scene where giant meteor plows through the middle of the ship, smashing everything.

The shot was all set to go when the Disney bigwigs showed up to see how things were progressing. Murphy's Law kicked in, the giant meteor came off its tracks and the shot was ruined, along with the $100,000 model that was intended to be used just the one time. So they had to rebuild the model and destroy it properly. Fortunately it worked the 2nd time!

The large, super detailed model was the one seen getting twisted up as it entered the black hole. It was attached to some hydraulic rams for that. The only studio model of the Cygnus that may still exist is the smaller, long shot one.

I wish I had saved a copy of that guy's website, it's been gone for a few years. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bizzybody (talk • contribs) 10:39, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

Robot design
Could someone figure out who came up with the designs for the robots and robot costumes and explain a bit about how they worked on these? There are some movies which are almost unrelievedly bad, but are rescued from obscurity by one tiny detail - in this case the uniquely "friendly" and "creepy" appearances of the key robots. 70.15.116.59 (talk) 19:37, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

lack of technical analysis & boring assumptions
I am not a filmmaker. Yet i think i can tell if a film is technically well shot. i think this movie has some very good camera shots (often complicated in terms of setup and hence a big effort). One does not make big efforts just to hit a box office and ride on the wave of another movie(star wars). In addition the soundtrack by john barry is i think one of his best works. This whole project looks like someone really put something at risk. A career for example. Plaglarism - are you sure? what is wrong about getting some inspiration and adapting ideas to create something new. Besides human ideas appear to be reduntant regardless of its source & time. I think (plaglarism) this is an assumption and needs some serious differentiation - not to mention reference and proof. However this article could need some clear technical analysis of the camera, plot and music by an 'expert': The concept & design of the movie so to speak. Here Art design is a crucial element of camera due to the fact that it defines the photographical 'shot' of a stage with all its subelements as angle, light and movement. I think this movie deserves proper analysis rather than pointless arguments about mere interpretation, i.e. wether this or that is too fictive or not. (not to mention the sissy boy discussion about 'habitable life' - man - get a life!) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.5.97.178 (talk) 03:47, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

Plagiarism is the DS9 wormhole which looks suspiciously like the Black Hole. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.179.22.132 (talk) 17:59, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

The end of the movie
I always understood the end of the movie to imply that Frank McRae (Kate's Father) had not been killed by Reinhardt, but that his brain was inside Maximilian. That is why Reinhardt asked Kate to protect him from Maximilian after he killed Durant. This is why I thought it made sense that Maximilian wanted to kill Reinhardt and why he left him alone to die, and why he came after him in the 'acid trip' sequence. I also thought that Kate is aware of this by the end of the film, and this is why she sees Reinhardt imprisoned in Maximilian in hell at the end of the movie, as revenge for what he did to her father. I also thought that the 'Angel' was actually Frank McRae escaping from Maximilian at the end of the sequence. I could be wrong, but I think this theory is as good as any and I would like to add it to the article in some fashion. 24.83.90.35 (talk) 01:37, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

 * It's an interesting theory, but that's all it is - a theory. It's just your own interpretation of the film and would therefore come under "personal research" or be seen as uncited opinion, neither of which are admissible on Wiki. Interesting as it is, I don't think it's what the filmmakers intended.79.66.91.241 (talk) 15:35, 6 July 2008 (UTC)

Everything else regarding the analysis of the end of this movie is theory as well....

Breatheable atmosphere theory
Currently, real science knows very little about black holes/hypermasses. Several hard sceince scifi writers have considered everything possible about black holes. Larry Niven and Azimov have written stories that include black holes and are inconsistent in-universe. While it seems highly unlikey given current 2008 knowledge of black holes, to writers in the 1960s & 70s, who knew far less, an atmosphere was possible. Currently only the black holes at the centers of galaxies can be observed, and those will not have atmospheres, but rather be crowded with full sized stars collapsing constantly. A single "small" black hole similar to the ones in early Niven stories could capture enough mass to hold a small biosphere. However, such a hole would be too small to display the effects in the movie. Call it artistic license. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.179.22.132 (talk) 17:55, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

 * And of course there is an idea that we are currently living inside a black hole -- that the entire observable universe is the inside of a type of black hole, one that grows constantly (i.e. space expansion).  chesspride 172.164.70.16 (talk) 05:44, 13 April 2016 (UTC)

First Digital Film Soundtrack??
(I am finding much of this info in a long discussion/investigation at http://www.moviemusic.com/mb/Forum1/HTML/010582.html... I will summarize. Please correct if I am getting something technologically wrong, it is not my expertise, but I am convinced of this film's claim-to-fame of being the first digital film soundtrack)

I started looking into this to find a reference, and apparently there is some disagreement about this statement. Some people argue that "Star Trek - The Motion Picture" was the first because the liner notes for the soundtrack to "The Day Time Ended" written by Varese Sarabande (soundtrack recording company) makes this claim.

There are a few references that I found that say that "The Black Hole" is the first, while no others that confirm "ST-TMP". The clearest proof is personal communication with Dan Wallin, who mixed the musical score to "TBH", and information from conductor John Barry (in a dead link: http://www.ianflemingfoundation.org/mkkbb/magazine/barry2.shtml) who both confirm that "TBH" was the first. Wallin further explains that he mixed both "The Black Hole" and "Annie" on a 3M 48 track machine before "ST-TMP" was digitally mixed. It appears that "ST-TMP" was the first to be digitally recorded in the US.

Another point of contention is -- if TBH is the first digital soundtrack, why is it not available in CD format? This is mentioned in the article, but the technology was too basic to be transferred to CD with the necessary quality. More detail:

This is a quote from Randy Thornton, who was both an editor on "ST-TMP" and a Disney film score producer(ref: http://www.mania.com/itunes-into-black-hole_article_53343.html) "Now before someone cries foul, I will explain the status of “The Black Hole Soundtrack”. Though this was the first digitally recorded soundtrack, the digital technology of 1979 is not compatible with digital technology of today (or even 1982 when CDs were introduced). This soundtrack was recorded with 4bit resolution at 32kHz sampling, thus making a pure digital release not only impossible, but any attempt to upsample or convert them would result in a recording far worse than the analog conversion that was done at the time. The reason it has taken me so long to get this soundtrack re-released is that I wanted to make absolutely sure that there was no way I could use the original digital recordings. I also couldn’t include more of John Barry’s score than was originally released – as the album, as it stands, is all that was legally cleared for release. I did, however, hunt down the original analog transfer from 1979, digitally transferred and restored at 24/96 and re-created the album’s original content. I know some of you more ‘passionate’ will still be disappointed, but there is nothing more anyone could do. Still, even at the iTunes 128kbs compression, the album has never sounded better!"

DFS (talk) 07:54, 19 April 2009 (UTC)
 * At a 32K sample rate the recording would be severely limited in bandwidth, especially in light of it being only 4 bit. Thornton is correct about the upsampling - or any other conversion - not gaining anything. That's why his digital transfer of the analog source was the better route to take. It is, in a way, a GIGO situation. The analog transfer to digital is going to be superior to the 4bit original due to the physics of the issue.THX1136 (talk) 17:22, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

 * There would be at least two contenders as for the "first digitally-recorded soundtrack":

 * The first entirely digitally-recorded soundtrack album was Stevie Wonder's Stevie Wonder's Journey Through "The Secret Life of Plants", recorded February–April 1979, and released on October 30, 1979.
 * In July 1979, Christopher Cross digitally recorded the song song Sailing. First released on his 20 December 1979 debut album Christopher Cross, the song was used on the episode Hotel Oceanview, of TV drama series WKRP in Cincinnati, originally broadcast on November 29, 1980. Furthermore, Sailing was a priorly digitally-recorded song that was later used on the film soundtrack to Flushed Away (2016). --2003:EF:170D:8A85:54E1:8F02:41CA:91DB (talk) 12:14, 1 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I've now asked about the issue at the reference desk: Reference desk/Entertainment. The result so far: Some guy complaining that he doesn't know what a "film" is. When I replied to him that the original question contains definitions to that regard and repeated them, my reply was deleted as "vandalism". --2003:EF:170D:8A85:54E1:8F02:41CA:91DB (talk) 13:07, 1 June 2021 (UTC)

Errors section should be removed or rewritten
I hardly ever think that sections should be removed from wikipedia articles, but this whole section reads like fan banter. It's pretty much a comic book guy rant. This is an encyclopedia, not a fan site. There is very little 'fact' in that section. It's not a hard science fiction movie. Get over it.

I think the section should just be removed. But I don't want to do something so drastic without some agreement from others. 24.6.118.13 (talk) 17:09, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

I'm not sure this deserves a new talk section, so I'm putting it here. The Production section currently claims, parenthetically, that the "mild swearing" in The Black Hole was "a first for a Disney film". In the 1976 Disney film Escape from the Dark (released in the US in 1977 as The Littlest Horse Thieves) a man addresses a group of disgruntled coal miners as "damn(ed?) fools." I only saw this movie once, back in 1977, and any Disney Channel showings may have edited the swearing (as was done with The Black Hole). Anyone have a video release to verify? Just1thing (talk) 16:16, 28 March 2017 (UTC)

Remake?
Why has no one mentioned the fact that this is an obvious updated remake of Disney's own 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, a far superior film? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.187.216.228 (talk • contribs) 15:03, June 7, 2014
 * We can't say that unless we have a reliable source saying that. - Sum mer PhD  (talk) 01:14, 8 June 2014 (UTC)
 * I think it's pretty obvious, just as Lion King was based on Hamlet.
 * If someone were to ask one of the writers or the producer on Twitter, and they confirm this, would that be sufficient enough to add this to the article? Cousert (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 17:08, 21 September 2018 (UTC)

Running time and Overture…?
The DVD of this film currently available in the UK does not include the Overture, and has a running time of 91 minutes, rather than the 98 given in the article. The frame rates of PAL TV and cinema projection are different, meaning a film plays slightly quicker on TV here, reducing the running time, so even if the Overture were included the running time of the DVD would be under 98 minutes; however what I don’t know are if any other cuts have been made, how long is the missing Overture, and what appears on screen when it plays? Could these be added by someone who has a version with the Overture, please? Jock123 (talk) 08:29, 22 July 2014 (UTC)
 * No other cuts have been made, the overture is 2:28, and the screen simply says "The Black Hole Overture" in static text, nothing else appears. --2.96.11.38 (talk) 00:11, 14 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Just for future reference, I recall when screening this film on its first release that the overture had no text explaining its purpose. It was a black screen. I have reason to suspect that the overture was spliced onto the release prints at the last moment. Star Trek the Motion picture was released on December 7; The Black Hole 14 days later on the 21st. Star Trek opened with an overture, black screen and no text. At that time I worked as a theater projection operator, and I was especially cognizant of the characteristic noises which projectors make when running film through the gates. As the overture played on The Black Hole it occurred to me that Disney may have decided that their space epic needed its own overture to make it as classy as the competition. I then listened carefully for the sound of a film splice passing through the gates at the overture's conclusion. I heard that sound quite clearly just as I expected.    — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.102.146.203 (talk) 18:31, 27 March 2022 (UTC)
 * The Overture can be heard on Disney +. -R.G. (talk) 03:33, 21 November 2021 (UTC)

Gross box office…
The article says “The movie earned nearly $36 million at the North American box office, making it the 21st highest-grossing film of 1979.” However, the Box Office Mojo site gives the *total lifetime* earnings as $35,841,901; the article here reads as if it made c. $36m in 1979. This is unlikely anyway, as the film was released on the 21st of December 1979, and would have had to be phenomenally successful to recoup so much in a two week window - most of its gross would have been in 1980, surely? Jock123 (talk) 09:51, 22 July 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on The Black Hole. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20071219051011/http://buzzcine.com:80/content/view/531/43/ to http://buzzcine.com/content/view/531/43/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 10:30, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

Home video release in March 1980??????
The article reads "Disney partnered with Fotomat Corporation on a trial distribution deal, in which The Black Hole was released on VHS and Betamax on March 4, 1980..." But this would be while the film was still rolling out to theaters, which seems highly unlikely in 1980. The source given is an issue of Orange Coast Magazine from February 1981, but all it says in the magazine article is that Disney were releasing some of their films on video (including The Black Hole) following a trial run with Fotomat in four cities, but no date was given - or the titles which Fotomat had previously distributed for them. This needs clarification. Is there a source which specifically says TBH was released on home video in March 1980? 78.145.152.203 (talk) 15:03, 11 March 2021 (UTC)

 * You're right. The information was wrong. It was actually released for the first time on videocassette in September 1980. Disney did release some titles with Fotomat earlier in March, but The Black Hole was not among the titles. It's been corrected now. PrinceArchelaus (talk) 21:34, 8 May 2021 (UTC)

Year
The article states that the story occurs in 2130, but there is no reference to the year in the movie. VINCENT's opening line "2130, day 547" makes reference to the ship's time expressed in military style; it's 9:30pm. This is confirmed a moment later when he says "Unscheduled course correction due at 2200" -- 30 minutes later. Is there a source for the year being 2130 other than this line of dialogue? 174.80.9.199 (talk) 01:59, 3 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Black Hole (1979 film)


text:
Talk:Herb Ritts

Untitled
Isn't using the word "gay" in the introduction sentence like this a bit strange? One could even argue that it should not be mentioned unless it relates to something of interest to his actions or career.

I'd like to suggest someone removes it, or rewrites it to be relevent in the context of the article. Walden 16:56, 2004 Aug 13 (UTC)

Word removed. There's now a "gay" category link at the bottom. Walden 20:02, 2004 Aug 13 (UTC)

Wasn't his last video "Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know" by Britney Spears????
...because it says that he directed "My All" (1998) shortly before his death, but if he directed the Britney video, then that one was closest to his death than the other (2001-2).

If he did not die from an AIDS-related illness, then what was it. The German wp article mentions that "he died as a result of the infection." (Er starb am 26. Dezember 2002 in Los Angeles den Folgen der Infektion). The part of this article related to his death is ambiguous at best, and false at worst. GilliamJF 08:27, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Herb Ritts


text:
Info Wars (film)

Info Wars (styled as info wars) is a 2004 documentary film about the mechanics of modern information warfare and media hacking. It shows some of the ways special interests manipulate modern mass media to reach their ends. It explains the ways the flow of mass media could turn the tide in any battle, real or online.

The film is named after InfoWars, launched in 1999.

title: Info Wars (film)


text:
User:Bcorr/Welcome2

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You can also sign your name using three tildes, like this:. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.

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title: User:Bcorr/Welcome2


text:
Coppélia

Coppélia (sometimes subtitled: La Fille aux Yeux d'Émail (The Girl with the Enamel Eyes) ) is a comic ballet from 1870 originally choreographed by Arthur Saint-Léon to the music of Léo Delibes, with libretto by Charles-Louis-Étienne Nuitter. Nuitter's libretto and mise-en-scène was based upon E. T. A. Hoffmann's short story Der Sandmann (The Sandman). In Greek, κοπέλα (or κοπελιά in some dialects) means young woman. Coppélia premiered on 25 May 1870 at the Théâtre Impérial de l'Opéra, with the 16-year-old Giuseppina Bozzacchi in the principal role of Swanhilda and ballerina Eugénie Fiocre playing the part of Frantz en travesti. The costumes were designed by Paul Lormier and Alfred Albert, the scenery by Charles-Antoine Cambon (Act I, scene 1; Act II, scene 1), and Édouard Desplechin and Jean-Baptiste Lavastre (Act I, scene 2).

The ballet's first flush of success was interrupted by the Franco-Prussian War and the siege of Paris (which also led to the early death of Giuseppina Bozzacchi, on her 17th birthday), but eventually it became the most-performed ballet at the Opéra.

Modern-day productions are traditionally derived from the revivals staged by Marius Petipa for the Imperial Ballet of St. Petersburg in the late 19th century. Petipa's choreography was documented in the Stepanov method of choreographic notation at the turn of the 20th century. These notations were later used to stage the St. Petersburg version for such companies as the Vic-Wells Ballet (precursor of today's Royal Ballet).

Plot
Dr. Coppélius is a doctor who has made a life-size dancing doll. It is so lifelike that Franz, a village youth, becomes infatuated with it and sets aside his heart's true desire, Swanhilda. She shows him his folly by dressing as the doll, pretending to make it come to life and ultimately saving him from an untimely end at the hands of the inventor.

 * Act I

The story begins during a town festival to celebrate the arrival of a new bell. The town crier announces that, when it arrives, anyone who becomes married will be awarded a special gift of money. Swanhilda and Franz plan to marry during the festival. However, Swanhilda becomes unhappy with Franz because he seems to be paying more attention to a girl named Coppélia, who sits motionless on the balcony of a nearby house. The house belongs to a mysterious and faintly diabolical inventor, Doctor Coppélius. Although Coppélia spends all of her time sitting motionless and reading, Franz is mesmerized by her beauty and is determined to attract her attention. Still upset with Franz, Swanhilda shakes an ear of wheat to her head: if it rattles, then she will know that Franz loves her. Upon doing this, however, she hears nothing. When she shakes it by Franz's head, he also hears nothing; but then he tells her that it rattles. However, she does not believe him and runs away heartbroken.

Later on, Dr. Coppelius leaves his house and is heckled by a group of boys. After shooing them away, he continues on without realizing that he has dropped his keys in the melée. Swanhilda finds the keys, which gives her the idea of learning more about Coppélia. She and her friends decide to enter Dr. Coppelius' house. Meanwhile, Franz develops his own plan to meet Coppélia, climbing a ladder to her balcony.

 * Act II

Swanhilda and her friends find themselves in a large room filled with people. However, the occupants aren't moving. The girls discover that, rather than people, these are life-size mechanical dolls. They quickly wind them up and watch them move. Swanhilda also finds Coppélia behind a curtain and discovers that she, too, is a doll.

Dr. Coppelius returns home to find the girls. He becomes angry with them, not only for trespassing but for also disturbing his workroom. He kicks them out and begins cleaning up the mess. However, upon noticing Franz at the window, Coppélius invites him in. The inventor wants to bring Coppélia to life but, to do that, he needs a human sacrifice. With a magic spell, he will take Franz's spirit and transfer it to Coppélia. After Dr. Coppelius proffers him some wine laced with sleeping powder, Franz begins to fall asleep. The inventor then readies his magic spell.

However, Dr. Coppelius did not expel all the girls: Swanhilda is still there, hidden behind a curtain. She dresses up in Coppélia's clothes and pretends that the doll has come to life. She wakes Franz and then winds up all the mechanical dolls to aid their escape. Dr. Coppelius becomes confused and then saddened when he finds a lifeless Coppélia behind the curtain.

 * Act III

Swanhilda and Franz are about to make their wedding vows when the angry Dr. Coppelius appears, claiming damages. Dismayed at having caused such an upset, Swanhilda offers Dr. Coppelius her dowry in return for his forgiveness. However, Franz tells Swanhilda to keep her dowry and offers to pay Dr. Coppelius instead. At that point, the mayor intervenes and gives Dr. Coppelius a bag of money, which placates him. Swanhilda and Franz are married and the entire town celebrates by dancing.

(Note: In some Russian versions of the ballet, after getting caught, Swanhilda confesses to Dr. Coppelius about what she and her friends did and her situation with Franz. Coppelius decides to forgive Swanhilda and teach her how to act like a doll coming to life to fool Franz, thus ending Act 2 on a happier note.)

Influence and background
Doctor Coppelius is not unlike Hoffmann's sinister Herr Drosselmeyer in The Nutcracker or the macabre Svengali-like travelling magician of the same name in Offenbach's The Tales of Hoffmann.

The part of Franz was danced en travesti by Eugénie Fiocre, a convention that pleased the male members of the Jockey-Club de Paris and was retained in Paris until after World War II.

The festive wedding-day divertissements in the village square that occupy Act III are often deleted in modern danced versions.

Some influence on this story comes from travelling shows of the late 18th and early 19th centuries starring mechanical automata. This field of entertainment has been under-documented, but a recent survey of the field is contained in The Mechanical Turk by Tom Standage (2002).

Opera Variant
A variation of the Coppélia story is contained in Jacques Offenbach's opera, The Tales of Hoffmann, a fictional work about the same Hoffmann who wrote the story that inspired Coppélia. The opera consists of a prologue, three fantastic tales in which Hoffmann is a participant, and an epilogue. In the first story, based on Der Sandmann, Hoffmann falls in love with a mechanical doll, Olympia, but in this case, the story has a melancholy tinge as the doll was destroyed by Dr. Coppelius, who share the same name as Coppelius who wants Coppélia to come to life, after he didn't get a check from Spalanzani for Olympia's eyes.

San Francisco Ballet
In 1939, San Francisco Ballet produced a version of Coppélia choreographed by Willam Christensen which was the first American complete version of the ballet. It starred Willam Christensen as Franz, Earl Riggins as Dr. Coppelius, and Janet Reed as Swanhilda and was an instant hit.

Balanchine
In 1974, George Balanchine choreographed a version of Coppélia for the New York City Ballet. He was assisted by Alexandra Danilova, who had performed the title role many times during her dancing career. She staged the Petipa choreography for Act II. Balanchine created new choreography for Act III and for the mazurka, czardas and Franz's variation in Act I. Patricia McBride danced the role of Swanhilda the friendliest girl; Helgi Tomasson danced the role of Franz; Shaun O'Brian portrayed Dr. Coppélius. In Act III, Balanchine added 24 young girls to dance and be in the scene during Waltz of the Hours, Dawn (L'aurore), Prayer, and Work (Le travail) variations.

Second Life - LPBA
From 2011 the Little Princess Ballet Academy (LPBA) has performed Coppélia in Second Life. The adaptation follows the original in three acts, but the mime parts are problematic to perform in Second Life and has been changed, together with some changes in the sequences. All parts are played by individual avatars.

Monte Carlo Ballet Company - Coppel-I-A
In 2019 Jean-Christophe Maillot created a modernized version of Coppélia for the Les Ballets de Monte-Carlo, calling it Coppél-i-A. In it, Coppelia is an android with artificial intelligence. The original music was rewritten by Maillot's brother Bertrand Maillot to suit the dystopian theme.

Coppelia - feature film
A family feature film, Coppelia, was released in 2021, directed and written by Jeff Tudor, Steven De Beul and Ben Tesseur. The film has no dialogue and mixes live action dance with animation. It was inspired by choreographer Ted Brandsen's 2008 production created for Dutch National Ballet. In Brandsen's production, and in the film, Doctor Coppelius is updated from toymaker to cosmetic surgeon and Coppelia is a robot. The movie deals with issues such as the pressures of social media, the lure of superficial beauty and the importance of being yourself. The film stars ballerina, author and activist Michaela DePrince, Daniel Camargo, Vito Mazzeo, Darcey Bussell, Irek Mukahmedov, Sasha Mukahmedov, Jan Kooijman, Igone de Jongh and artists of Dutch National Ballet. Composer Maurizio Malagnini wrote the original score. The movie premiered at Annecy Festival 2021 and won the Golden Punt for Best Fiction Feature at the 40th Cambridge Film Festival.

Ballet
Below is the résumé of scenes and dances taken from the theatre program of the St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet. It is the Imperial Ballet's production as staged by Marius Petipa that serves as the basis for all modern-day productions.

Act I
 * no. 01 Prélude et Mazurka
 * no. 02 Valse et jalousie
 * no. 03 Scène
 * no. 04 ''Mazurka
 * no. 05 Scène
 * no. 06 Ballade de l'Épi
 * no. 07 Thème slave varié
 * no. 08 Csárdás
 * no. 09 Finale

Act II
 * no. 10 Introduction et scène
 * no. 11 Jeux avec les automates
 * no. 12 Scène à boire: Franz et Dr. Coppélius
 * no. 13 Scène et valse de la Poupée
 * no. 14 L'espièglerie de Swanhilde
 * no. 15 Boléro: Danse espagnol
 * no. 16 Gigue: Danse écossaise
 * no. 17 Scène finale

Act III La Fête de la cloche Grand Pas de deux -
 * no. 18 Marche de la cloche
 * no. 19 Valse des heures
 * no. 20 Variation: "L'aurore"
 * no. 21 Variation: "La prière"
 * no. 22 "Le travail—La fileuse"
 * no. 23 "L'hymen—Noce villageoise"
 * no. 24 "La discorde et la guerre"
 * no. 25 Grand adage: "La paix"
 * supplement - Variation pour le début de Léontine Beaugrand (music: Léo Delibes; 1872)
 * supplement - Variation: "Danse du marié" (music: Ernest Guiraud, from the ballet Gretna Green)
 * supplement - Variation Mlle. Dionesiia Potapenko: "Travail", 1904 (music: Léo Delibes, from the ballet Sylvia)
 * no. 26 Variation: "Danse de Fête"
 * no. 27 Finale: Galop générale

Scoring

 * Harp

 * Strings

 * Woodwinds
 * 2 flutes
 * (2nd doubling on piccolo)
 * 2 oboes
 * (2nd doubling on English horn)
 * 2 clarinets
 * 2 bassoons

 * Brass
 * 4 horns
 * 2 valved cornets
 * 2 trumpets
 * 3 trombones
 * tuba

 * Percussion (2 players)
 * Timpani
 * triangle
 * cymbals
 * drum
 * bass drum with cymbals
 * glockenspiel

title: Coppélia


text:
The Red 1 May Group (Faroe Islands)

'''Den røde 1. maj-gruppe''' (name in Danish, in English: "the Red 1 May Group"), a leftist outfit that existed in the Faroe Islands around 1980. The group was a co-organizer at an anti-NATO rally in that year.

title: The Red 1 May Group (Faroe Islands)


text:
Talk:Lee Hsien Loong

Photograph
The following photograph of Lee Hsien Loong has been uploaded to Commons:
 * Lee Hsien Loong.jpg

This photograph was submitted by PAP Teck Ghee and is pending verification. Although photos can typically be used pending verification, I strongly advise that this photo only be used once verification is complete because the metadata indicates that the copyright holder is the Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) of Singapore.

Kohlrabi Pickle (talk) 02:44, 17 March 2021 (UTC)

 * If it especially concerns the government with regards to potential misuse of the photos, I suggest attaching to the photos and informing the Ministry releasing the copyright that the photos will still be protected under that template and the relevant law below. The text that will be shown can be found here.

 * Under Singapore law, personality rights will in this case be protected under the Protection from Harassment Act 2014. The act of photographing or publishing the photography must not cause harassment, alarm or distress to the individual(s) concerned under Protection from Harassment Act 2014. Furthermore, the published photograph must not be defamatory. See here for more details. Seloloving (talk) 05:40, 18 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks, . I'll bring this up if they raise this as a concern. So far, the main impediment seems to be establishing that the PAP branches and CCs have the rights to these photos. Commons is being rather thorough. Kohlrabi Pickle (talk) 07:30, 18 March 2021 (UTC)

 * Yep, Commons needs the photographer to release the license. The party cannot act as an intermediary. They are quite strict from my dealings with them. Seloloving (talk) 11:30, 19 March 2021 (UTC)
 * As far as I know, copyright can pass to the party if the photographer was an employee who took the photo in the course of their work. The different PAP branches say this is the case, but it's hard to prove. We're not doing too shabby so far, though. Kohlrabi Pickle (talk) 15:14, 19 March 2021 (UTC)

People's Association post
Hello, I have reverted your edits to include the posts of Chairman/Deputy Chairman in the infobox. Here's my reason:

Part of my motivation is to remove infobox cruft, where the multitude of posts held by our ministers only add to the clutter, which reduces readability for the average reader. Deputy posts are also mostly insignificant in most non-ministerial posts.

In addition, neither post is significant compared to their ministerial posts, which should be featured with greater prominence. Even then, inclusion of the prime minister field would be wrong as the People's Association is not part of the government apparatus and implies that the post's chain of command is decided by the government's chain of command. This may be the de facto situation, but it's not the de jure one. Seloloving (talk) 02:30, 2 May 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 04:39, 3 July 2021 (UTC)
 * Brigadier-General Lee Hsien Loong, Chief-of-Staff (General Staff) of the Singapore Armed Forces, in 1984.jpg

Roy Ngerng legal suit
I think that his legal suit against Roy Ngerng is notable enough to include in the "Legal suits" section. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wesleyac (talk • contribs) 14:06, 6 January 2022 (UTC)

 * I will look into it, thanks. The section may need to be split into its own page soon as it's getting too long. Seloloving (talk) 21:03, 27 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lee Hsien Loong


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Soewondo Air Force Base

Soewondo Air Force Base (Pangkalan Udara Soewondo) is currently a military airbase in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Before 2013, this airport served commercial flights, and was known as Polonia International Airport (Bandar Udara Internasional Polonia) which was the principal airport serving Medan, about 2 km from the downtown; it used to serve flights to several Indonesian and Malaysian cities, along with a flight to Singapore and Thailand. Previous international flights had been opened to Hong Kong, Taipei, Amsterdam, Phuket, Chennai, Johor Bahru, Malacca and Ipoh.

At the end of its service as civil airport, Polonia was the fourth largest airport in Indonesia after Soekarno–Hatta, Juanda, and I Gusti Ngurah Rai, in terms of passenger numbers. Passenger service charges for each passenger departing through the domestic terminal was IDR 35,000 ($4.1) and IDR 75,000 ($8.8) for the international terminal.

All flights and services from this airport shifted to Kuala Namu International Airport on 25 July 2013. Following the airport's opening, Polonia's ICAO code was changed from WIMM to WIMK, since WIMM is assigned for Kuala Namu.

Now as Soewondo Air Force Base, the airport belongs to the Indonesian Air Force. It hosts the Western Surveillance Wing including eight CN-235 tactical surveillance airplanes.

History

The airport's former name is taken from the plantation area owned by a Pole, Baron Ludwik Michalski in which it is situated. Polonia originates from the Latin name of the country of Poland. Michalski was a veteran of 1863 January Uprising against the Imperial Russian rule, after which he fled to Switzerland. In 1872, Michalski obtained a concession from the Dutch East Indies administration for a tobacco plantation in Medan. He named the plantation after the country of his birth, which at that time was not an independent state.

In 1879 the concession was handed over to Deli Maatschappij (Deli MIJ) or NV Deli Maskapai. In 1924, Dutch KLM test pilot N. J. Thomassen à Thuessink van der Hoop planned to fly on a Fokker F.VII in a pioneering flight from the Netherlands. Therefore, Deli MIJ who controlled that piece of land handed it over for the land to become the first airstrip in Medan.

By the time the news had arrived, it was too late to prepare a proper landing strip at Polonia. As a result, van der Hoop, together with Lieutenant H van Weerden Poelman of the Army Aviation Department and KLM flight engineer P. A. van den Broeke landed on a horse-racing track called Deli Renvereeniging and were greeted by the Sultan of Deli, Sulaiman Syaiful Alamsyah.

After this first landing, the Assistant Resident of Eastern Sumatra C.S. Van Kempen urged the Netherlands East Indies administration in Batavia to allocate the necessary funding to finish the airport at Polonia. In 1928 the airport was officially opened which was marked with the landing of six aircraft owned by KNILM, (not a subsidiary of KLM) on a temporary hardened dirt runway. From 1930, KLM and KNILM started expanding its network to Medan. It was only in 1936 that the airport's 600-metre permanent runway was finished.

In 1975, according to a joint decree issued by the Department of Defence and Security, Department of Transportation, and Department of Finance, the airport was jointly managed between the Indonesian Air Force and the Civil Aviation. From 1985, according to the Government Regulation No. 30-year 1975, the management became the responsibility of Perum Angkasa Pura which subsequently became PT Angkasa Pura II (Persero) after 1 January 1994.

Polonia Airport is now closed to commercial aviation and replaced by Kualanamu International Airport.

The airport's last arrival on 24 July 2013 was AirAsia from Bandung at 23:50 WIB. The airport was closed right after the last landing. The last activities in the airport were the ferry flights after official closing ceremony at 00:00 WIB and the cease of transportation at 00:30 WIB. The first ferry flight, a Garuda Indonesia aircraft, received a water salute before taking off from Polonia Airport and after landing at Kualanamu Airport. It carried the Minister of State-owned Enterprise Dahlan Iskan along with the Deputy Minister of Transportation and other officials.

After the ferry flights were completed, all of the Polonia Airport's activity officially shifted to Kualanamu International Airport. Polonia Airport is now used as an air force base.

Facilities

The airport is located on 144 hectares land area. There is a single asphalt runway (05/23) which is 3000 m long and 45 m wide, but has only 2,900 m of usable length. There is no run-off space beyond the runway thresholds, and the airfield is surrounded by residential areas. It is often said that its location in a residential district, the wealthy Polonia area, is due to a superstition that the loud noises from aircraft drive away malevolent spirits.

Until recently, the airport consisted of an international and domestic terminal. A fire in the international arrivals area in 2006 caused damage to the airport, reducing the baggage reclaim area to a small section inside the terminal. On 2 December 2007, the domestic terminal was damaged by another fire. There were no injuries, and the separate international terminal was not affected.

The airport suffered from overcrowding, serving 7,5 million passengers annually in facilities designed to handle only 900,000 passengers. The other problems were no orderly parking space for taxis, too many porters and garbage control. These problems should be resolved by the construction of Kualanamu International Airport. Construction commenced 29 June 2006. It became Indonesia's 2nd-largest airport after Soekarno–Hatta International Airport and commenced operations on 25 July 2013.

Once, there was a dilemma of whether or not to upgrade Polonia International Airport, due to the delay of the finishing of the new Kualanamu International Airport. This dilemma made PT Angkasa Pura II pledge to fix access roads between Mustang Street and Imam Bonjol Street.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 11 July 1979, a Fokker F28 of Garuda Indonesia Airways crashed into Mount Sibayak while on approach to Medan-Polonia airport. All 61 passengers and crew on board were killed.
 * On 4 April 1987, Garuda Indonesia Flight 035, crashed into power lines and a television aerial in bad weather as it attempted landing at Medan-Polonia. 22 of the 45 passengers and crew on board were killed.
 * On 18 June 1988, Vickers Viscount PK-MVG of Merpati Nusantara Airlines was damaged beyond economic repair when it suffered a hydraulic system failure and departed the runway.
 * On 26 September 1997, Garuda Indonesia Flight 152, an Airbus A300, crashed into woodlands 18 miles short of Medan-Polonia airport. All 234 passengers and crew on board were killed. Flight 152 is the worst aviation disaster in Indonesia history.
 * On 5 September 2005, Mandala Airlines Flight 091, crashed shortly after takeoff from Polonia. Of the 120 passengers and crew on board, 100 were killed. Another 49 people on the ground died as a result of the crash. It is the deadliest aviation accident involving the Boeing 737-200 series.
 * On 30 June 2015, an Indonesian Air Force Hercules C-130 crashed shortly after takeoff, killing all 121 on board and 22 people on the ground in one of Indonesia's worst Lockheed C-130 Hercules crashes.

title: Soewondo Air Force Base


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Kōmeitō (1962–1998)

The Kōmeitō (公明党), also known as the Kōmei Party and Clean Government Party (CGP), was a political party in Japan, initiated by Daisaku Ikeda, and described by various authors as the "political arm" of Soka Gakkai.

Kōmeitō was considered a centre to centre-left political party of the progressive camp until the 1990s. However, since the 1990s, Kōmeitō has become politically closer to the right-wing LDP and has become a centre to centre-right conservative party.

History
The party was established in January 1962 as the Kōmei Seiji Renmei (Clean Government League) by the Sōka Gakkai, an organization that promoted Nichiren Buddhism. Running as independents, three members of the Sōka Gakkai had been elected to the House of Councillors in the 1956 elections, with the 1959 elections seeing nine members elected. It also had several members elected to local assemblies.

In 1957, a group of Young Men's Division members campaigning for a Gakkai candidate in an Osaka House of Councillors by-election were arrested for distributing money, cigarettes, and caramels at supporters' residences, in violation of elections law, and on July 3 of that year, at the beginning of an event memorialized as the "Osaka Incident," Daisaku Ikeda was arrested in Osaka. He was taken into custody in his capacity as Sōka Gakkai's Youth Division Chief of Staff for overseeing activities that constituted violations of elections law. He spent two weeks in jail and appeared in court forty-eight times before he was cleared of all charges in January 1962.

Amongst its policies, the new party supported the 1947 constitution and opposed nuclear weapons. Headed by Harashima Kōji. In the July 1962 elections the new party won nine seats in the House of Councillors.

On 17 November 1964 the party was renamed Kōmeitō. In 1968, fourteen of its members were convicted of forging absentee ballots in Shinjuku, and eight were sentenced to prison for electoral fraud. In the 1960s it was widely criticized for violating the separation of church and state, and in February 1970 all three major Japanese newspapers printed editorials demanding that the party reorganize. It eventually broke apart based on promises to segregate from Soka Gakkai.

In 1969, the Kōmeitō became the third political party in Japan.

In the 1980s Akahata discovered that many Soka Gakkai members were rewarding acquaintances with presents in return for Komeito votes, and that Okinawa residents had changed their addresses to elect Komeito politicians. It was also revealed that while the party was technically separate from the Soka Gakkai, monetary donations made that were tax exempt were being funneled into funding for the Kōmeitō party as revealed by an expelled Kōmeitō member of the Tokyo municipal assembly.

It was usually supportive of the Japan Socialist Party, and opposed the LDP (Liberal Democratic Party), the major ruling party at that time.

Kōmeitō did quite well, and in 1993, when the LDP was for the first time declared an opposition party, the Kōmeitō became one of the ruling parties, headed by the liberal Japan New Party, but which also included the Democratic Socialist Party, Japan Renewal Party, the New Party Sakigake, and the Japan Socialist Party. In 1994, the latter two parties left the coalition, and in July they took over the rule, making another coalition with the LDP. The Kōmeitō was again thrown into opposition.

On December 5, 1994, The Kōmeitō split into two parties. The Lower House chairs and some of Upper House chairs formed Kōmeitō New Party, and five days later, they joined into the New Frontier Party. The others, i.e. local assembly members and the rest of the Upper House chairs, formed Kōmei and independent friend of the New Frontier Party.

In 1998, however, the New Frontier Party dissolved, and former Kōmeitō members formed New Peace Party and Reform Club. They merged with Kōmei in the same year and then became known as the NKP (New Kōmeitō Party). The NKP adopted a more conservative agenda than the former Kōmeitō and in 1999 they supported the ruling party, the LDP.

title: Kōmeitō (1962–1998)


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Aretas Akers-Douglas, 1st Viscount Chilston

Aretas Akers-Douglas, 1st Viscount Chilston, (21 October 1851 – 15 January 1926), born Aretas Akers, was a British Conservative statesman who sat in the House of Commons from 1880 until he was raised to the peerage in 1911. He notably served as Home Secretary under Arthur Balfour between 1902 and 1905. He was highly effective as Conservative Party whip, keeping the rank and file in line.

Background and education
Akers-Douglas was born in West Malling, Kent, the son of Reverend Aretas Akers, parson of West Malling, and his wife Frances Maria, daughter of Francis Holles Brandram. He was educated at Eton and University College, Oxford, before being called to the Bar, Inner Temple, in 1875. That same year he took the additional surname of Douglas under royal licence in accordance with a relative's will.

Political career
In 1880, Akers-Douglas was elected as Conservative Member of Parliament for East Kent and held it until it was divided under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. In 1883, Akers-Douglas was appointed whip to the Conservatives, where he proved highly effective in keeping the back-benchers in line and working with the party leader Lord Salisbury.

In the 1885 general election, he was elected MP for St Augustine's in the county of Kent. He became Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury, and retained this post (with a short interval in 1886 when Gladstone returned to power) for the next seven years. He became a Privy Counsellor in 1891.

In 1895, Akers-Douglas was appointed First Commissioner of Works, with a seat in the Cabinet. Seven years later, when Arthur Balfour became Prime Minister, he became Home Secretary on 11 August 1902, and resigned three and a half years later when the Liberals took power.

In 1911, Akers-Douglas was created Viscount Chilston, of Boughton Malherbe in the County of Kent, and Baron Douglas of Baads, in the County of Midlothian. The viscountcy was named for his country house at Chilston Park. During the First World War, Lord Chilston was Chief County Director for the British Red Cross Society and St John Ambulance, in recognition of which he was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE) in the 1920 civilian war honours. Apart from his political career he was a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for Kent, Edinburgh and Dumfries and a lieutenant in the East Kent Yeoman Cavalry. He was chairman of the Midland Counties Electric Supply Company Limited.

Family
Lord Chilston married Adeline Mary, daughter of Horatio Austen-Smith, in 1875. They had two sons and five daughters. He died at his London home in January 1926, aged 74, and was buried at Boughton Malherbe, Kent. He was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son, Aretas, who became British Ambassador to Russia. Lady Chilston died in February 1929.


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File:Arcade-atari-tempest1.png

Screenshot Tempest, Arcade version (StarROMs) on Mame, 768x1024, beam width 2 pixels, made by me

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Philadelphia Big 5

The Big 5 is an informal association of six college athletic programs in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is not a conference, but rather a group of NCAA Division I basketball schools who compete for the city’s collegiate championship.

The Big 5 originally consisted of the University of Pennsylvania, La Salle University, Saint Joseph's University, Temple University, and Villanova University. At the start of the 2023–24 season, the Big 5 expanded to include Drexel University. Drexel, La Salle, Penn, Saint Joseph's, and Temple are located in Philadelphia proper and Villanova is in a nearby Main Line suburb. Three of the six schools (La Salle, Saint Joseph's and Villanova) are Catholic while Temple is the only public university in the Big 5.

Big 5 schools represent some of the oldest and most successful men's basketball programs in the nation. Three of the six teams—Temple (6th), Villanova (18th), and Penn (22nd)—are in the top-50 for all-time Division I basketball victories. From 1977 to 2022, at least one team from the Big 5 made it to the NCAA Tournament.

Each year the Herb Good Basketball Club selects All-Big 5 teams, as well as a coach of the year, and the most outstanding player in Big 5 competition receives the Robert V. Geasey Trophy.

The Big 5 creed reads: "They say there's no trophy for winning the Big Five. They must not be from Philadelphia."

Big 5 (1955–2022)

The Big 5 was formed in 1955 a year after La Salle won the 1954 NCAA basketball tournament. The group showcased Philadelphia's basketball talent and helped pay for the upkeep on the Palestra, on the University of Pennsylvania's campus where the games historically took place. Games were scheduled as double or triple-headers. All schools agreed to split ticket and concessions revenues equally once Penn was paid for upkeep costs on the Palestra. The arrangement promoted already intense intra-city collegiate basketball rivalries dating back three decades or more.

During the heyday of the Big 5, many major college programs, especially in the northeastern United States, were independents. As the Big East and Atlantic 10 conferences expanded to cover most of the Northeast (Villanova joined the Big East, while Temple, Saint Joseph's, and La Salle joined the Atlantic 10, Penn is a member of the Ivy League), and as college basketball became increasingly driven by television and its need to appeal to a broad national audience, the local character of the Big 5 was a liability. The round-robin series ended in 1991.

However, in 1999, the Big 5 round-robin series was revived and continued until the 2022-23 season. Some things have changed from the series' heyday: the schools no longer evenly split the proceeds from the games, and La Salle, Temple, Saint Joseph's, and Villanova do not always use the Palestra for their home games in the series.

There are intense rivalries inside the Big 5, most notably the rivalry between Villanova and Saint Joseph's, also known as the Holy War. The Saint Joseph's–Temple rivalry increased in the early 2000s mostly because of the "Goon Gate" incident in 2005 involving former Temple coach John Chaney, who sent in a player to intentionally foul John Bryant. Bryant's arm was fractured. La Salle considers Saint Joseph's to be its biggest rival.

Addition of Drexel and Big 5 Classic (2023–present)
Throughout the Big 5's existence, some suggested adding Drexel. Drexel is a member of the City 6, which is an intra-city intramural competition among the six schools. These talks amplified during the 2006–07 season, as Drexel beat three of the four Big 5 teams it played, but no changes were made.

In December 2022, The Athletic reported that administrators at the Big 5 schools and Drexel were discussing "trying to find a way to resuscitate the Big 5." The meetings came after a sparsely attended Big 5 doubleheader at the Palestra. According to The Athletic, talks about reforms to the Big 5 began prior to the doubleheader as school administrators felt there was a decline in the series due to Villanova's recent dominance and many of the top local recruits opting not to play college basketball in Philadelphia.

The Big 5 announced in January 2023 a new format for Big 5 competition, which would include the addition of Drexel as a member of the series. In the new format, the six teams are split into two three-team pods, who play each other in November. On the first Saturday in December, the "Big 5 Classic", a triple-header showcase event is held with a fifth place, third place and championship game all taking place at the Wells Fargo Center. Some criticized the move as it eliminated the full round-robin nature of the Big 5 and games will no longer be primarily played at the Palestra. In the 2023 Big 5 Classic, Villanova became the first team to ever finish in 6th place in the Big 5.

Men
From 1955 to 1990, and again from 1999 to 2022, all Big 5 men's basketball teams played each other once per season for a total of four games per team. Following the addition of Drexel and the creation of the Big 5 Classic in 2023, the six teams were split into two pods of three, where each team plays the two other teams in their pod. In the Big 5 Classic, each team then plays the team that finished in the same place as they did in the other pod, amounting to a total of three games per team. Since 1956, there have been three instances of a five-way tie among all member schools, which occurred in 1980–81 (2–2 records), 1991–92 (1–1 records), and 1997–98 (1–1 records), though the latter two cases were during the period when there was no round-robin format, so not every team played all four other teams.

Most championships

 * Asterisk (*) denotes shared championship
 * Bold denotes all five schools tied

Women
Through the 2022–23 season, Big 5 women's basketball teams played each other once per season for a total of four games per team. Currently La Salle and Saint Joseph's meet twice per season as members of the Atlantic 10 Conference. If two or more Big 5 teams do share a conference, the second matchup between the schools is counted toward the Big 5 standings while the first matchup is not. Before 2023–24, there was no season-ending Big 5 Tournament, so a "champion" of the unofficial athletics group was determined by a round-robin tournament. Since 1979 there have been four instances of a three-way tie among all member schools and four instances of a two-way tie. Due to COVID-19 the complete round robin tournament was not contested in the 2020–21 and 2021–22 seasons.

When Drexel was officially added to the rivalry in 2023, women's basketball formally became part of the Big 5 structure. Unlike the men's version, no women's games will be played at the Wells Fargo Center.

Other uses
Although known primarily of an association of Philadelphia sports teams, students from the Big 5 also coordinate frequent student government meetings. The governments consist of La Salle, the University of Pennsylvania, Temple, Saint Joseph's, and Drexel. Prior to Drexel's admission to the Big 5, the school would be represented instead of Villanova because meetings primarily revolve around Philadelphia issues. Villanova is the only Big 5 college not located in the city.

Explanatory notes

title: Philadelphia Big 5


text:
Aretas Akers-Douglas

Aretas Akers-Douglas may refer to:

 * Aretas Akers-Douglas, 1st Viscount Chilston (1851–1926), British Conservative politician
 * Aretas Akers-Douglas, 2nd Viscount Chilston (1876–1947), British diplomat

title: Aretas Akers-Douglas


text:
National Taxpayers Union

The National Taxpayers Union (NTU) is a fiscally conservative taxpayer advocacy organization and taxpayers union in the United States, founded in 1977 by James Dale Davidson. NTU says that it is the oldest taxpayer advocacy organization in the nation. It is closely affiliated with a non-profit foundation, the National Taxpayers Union Foundation (NTUF). The organization has ranked politicians on their perceived fiscal responsibility, in the eyes of the National Taxpayers Union.

Policy positions
The National Taxpayers Union has worked to enact constitutional limits on government taxes, spending and debt. The organization also played a role in Federal income tax indexing It also worked for the passage of a Taxpayer Bill of Rights.

The NTU favors either a Flat Tax or the FairTax (a national sales tax with rebate) for the United States, as opposed to the current income tax system. The organization argues in favor of the line-item veto for the president. NTU generally opposes crop subsidies by the government (such as for sugar and ethanol). The organization's briefs and policy papers oppose the federal estate tax and support deregulation. NTU also provides information on "Congressional & Executive Pay/Perks" (e.g., NTU estimates the public pensions payments for Members of Congress), and NTU has called for reforms to deny a publicly funded pension to Members of Congress convicted of a felony.

Opposed

 * Temporary Debt Limit Extension Act (S. 540; 113th Congress) – a bill that would suspend the United States debt ceiling until March 15, 2015. The National Taxpayers Union opposed this bill and criticised politicians from both parties saying, "this year, as the limit approached, most Democrats refused to discuss the debt problem at all. Republicans opted to stress important, though mostly unrelated policy goals, thus failing to focus on the key issue at hand." NTU expressed the opinion that spending reforms should be dealt with, instead of just increasing the debt limit.

Supported

 * Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2014 (S. 994; 113th Congress) – a bill that aims to make information on federal expenditures more easily accessible and transparent. The bill would require the U.S. Department of the Treasury to establish common standards for financial data provided by all government agencies and to expand the amount of data that agencies must provide to the government website, USASpending. The NTU urged Representatives to vote in favor of the bill, saying that "this legislation would take an important step toward greater accountability to taxpayers by providing more information on how their hard-earned dollars are spent." The NTU argued that "the DATA Act would bring increased transparency to a system that is too often rife with favoritism, waste, and fraud. As the federal government continues to make heavy demands on the public's paychecks, taxpayers deserve the opportunity to find out more details about how the money they send to Washington is being spent."
 * American Research and Competitiveness Act of 2014 (H.R. 4438; 113th Congress) – a bill that would amend the Internal Revenue Code to modify the calculation method and the rate for the tax credit for qualified research expenses that expired at the end of 2013 and would make that modified credit permanent. NTU "urged" Representatives to vote in favor of the bill because it "would simplify and make permanent the 20 percent tax credit for research and development expenses." The NTU argued that making this tax credit permanent was "an important step toward creating a healthier business climate, providing broad-based relief, and promoting economic growth." The NTU also argued that it was important for the credit to become permanent because major research and development investments often take multiple years to do and it can be difficult to plan them when a tax credit is only going to last for one or two years.

Activities

 * Balanced Budget Amendment – NTU has been a proponent for a Balanced Budget Amendment (BBA) to the Constitution.
 * Government Spending Transparency – The National Taxpayers Union has been a proponent of the "Google Government" movement. More specifically, the organization calls for the creation of searchable Internet databases that provide information on state government grant and contract expenditures.

NTU is a founding sponsor of www.ShowMeTheSpending.org, a website dedicated to online government spending transparency.
 * NTU Rates Congress – NTU rates U.S. Representatives and Senators on their congressional votes. NTU Rates Congress includes "every vote that significantly affects taxes, spending, debt, and regulatory burdens on consumers and taxpayers." NTU then assigns weights to the votes, reflecting the importance of each vote's effect on federal spending, when calculating each officials score.

A grade of "A" indicates the organization views the member as a strong supporter of responsible tax and spending policies. The organization gives these members of Congress the "Taxpayers' Friend Award."
 * Research – NTU writes policy papers on many subjects they view as important to taxpayers. The organization also sends issue briefs to its members throughout the country outlining topics and issues that might be of interest to them.
 * NoTaxHikers.org – NTU launched www.NoTaxHikers.org in fall 2008. The site asks visitors to pledge not to vote for tax hikers.
 * Keep The Caps – NTU launched www.KeepTheCaps.com and BillionDollarBaseball.org in fall 2013. The campaign sought to foster grassroots support and pressure Congress to maintain the spending caps created in the Budget Control Act two years prior.

History
James Dale Davidson began the organization in 1969.

In 1977, the National Taxpayers Union Foundation was chartered to be the educational affiliate of the National Taxpayers Union in order to provide information about the benefits of lower taxes and limited government.

In 1970, Davidson hired A. Earnest Fitzgerald, a United States Air Force analyst, as the president of NTU. In 1978 Grover Norquist was named executive director; after his departure in 1982, he was replaced by former Maryland State Senate Majority Leader George Snyder.

In 1991, The National Taxpayers Union Foundation's signature project, the BillTally, was started to reveal the legislative spending agendas of Members of Congress by analyzing the costs and savings of nearly every bill that they sponsor and cosponsor. BillTally provides the public and media with the only comprehensive look at how individual Members of Congress want to spend your tax dollars.

In 1997, Davidson left NTU; John Berthoud was named president and served until his death in late 2007. Duane Parde was named president of the organization following the death of Berthoud.

The current President of the National Taxpayers Union is Pete Sepp. Taking over the position in 1988, Sepp has made Congressional testimonies, policy papers, initiated tax revolts and played a role in the creation of the Balanced Budget Constitutional Amendment. Through appearances on Fox, CNN and CNBC as well as publications such as the Wall Street Journal and USA Today, Sepp has made a large impact over his time in the Presidency. He states, "We here at NTU promise to fight for taxpayers, so as to ensure that all Americans are able to pursue their dreams without the heavy hand of government holding them back." Together with board chair Rob Solt, and executive vice-president Brandon Arnold, the operations team of the National Taxpayers Union work towards favorable legislative outcomes for America's taxpayers such as less unnecessary government spending, tax reforms and free enterprise.

On April 15, 2009 hundreds of thousands of people around the country showed up at Tea Party Protests. They were protesting the new government spending plan proposed by the Obama administration.

There was a National Taxpayers Union conference held from June 11–13 in 2009 held in Arlington, VA at the Hyatt Regency Crystal City Hotel. The convention was geared toward taxpayer activists who were working on taxpayer initiatives at a local and state level. The purpose of this conference was to keep the initiatives of the National Taxpayers Union alive and to get more of the public to understand their ideas.

In 2009 at the National Taxpayers convention, former Ohio secretary of State Ken Blackwell and former Missouri Governor Matt Blunt were guest speakers.

title: National Taxpayers Union


text:
Faroese Socialists

Føroyskir Sosialistar (English: Faroese Socialists) or FS was a left-wing political party founded by Faroese students in Denmark in 1962.

History
The party was first established in 1962 by Faroese students in Denmark under the name Oyggjaframi (lit. 'Advancement for the Islands'). Initially the group was linked to Tjóðveldisflokkurin, but due to increasing communist influence in Oyggjaframi the party eventually broke relations with the group. In 1969 Oyggjaframi changed its name to Oyggjaframi–Føroyskir Sosialistar (English: Advancement for the Islands—Faroese Socialists). In 1972, the Tórshavn chapter of the party broke away to form Oyggjaframi (M-L). The remaining group was renamed Føroyskir Sosialistar.

FS fought for the creation of a Faroese socialist republic and actively struggled against NATO. At the World Federation of Democratic Youth General Assembly in Varna, Bulgaria in 1974 FS was accepted as a member.

FS published the monthly magazine Framin, which carried the subtitle Føroyskt tíðarrit fyri sosialismu og sjálvstýri (English: Faroese magazine for socialism and independence) between 1962 and 1984 and Roðin between 1971 and 1982.

title: Faroese Socialists