text:
Marcus Trescothick

Marcus Edward Trescothick (born 25 December 1975) is an English former cricketer who played first-class cricket for Somerset County Cricket Club, and represented England in 76 Test matches and 123 One Day Internationals. He was Somerset captain from 2010 to 2016 and temporary England captain for several Tests and ODIs. Since retirement he has commentated and coached at both county and international level.

A left-handed opening batsman, he made his first-class debut for Somerset in 1993 and quickly established himself as a regular member of the team. Trescothick made his One Day International (ODI) debut seven years later, against Zimbabwe in July 2000. His Test debut, against the West Indies, followed in August. Although former England captain Nasser Hussain likened Trescothick's build and batting temperament to that of Graham Gooch, his stroke play is more reminiscent of David Gower.

An aggressive opener, he once held the record for the most ODI centuries of any English player, and for the fastest half-century in English Twenty20 cricket. Trescothick is also an accomplished slip fielder and occasional right-handed medium pace bowler who has kept wicket for England in five ODIs, and deputised as England captain for two Test matches and ten ODIs.

Trescothick was an automatic choice for England between 2000 and 2006, before a stress-related illness threatened his career and forced him to pull out of the national squad. He began rebuilding his career with Somerset in 2007 and scored two double-centuries that season. However, he remained uneasy about returning to international cricket, and announced his retirement from internationals in March 2008, opting to continue playing at county level for Somerset. Media speculation continued as to a possible international return, Trescothick repeatedly voiced his intent to remain in retirement, and has suffered recurrences of his condition in both 2008 and 2009 when Somerset toured abroad. He nevertheless continued to play for Somerset while also working as a commentator and analyst for Sky Sports in the off-season. He finally retired in 2019 holding several Somerset batting records. He is currently the lead batting coach for the England Test team.

Early years
Marcus Edward Trescothick was born on 25 December 1975 in Keynsham, Somerset. He was the younger of two children born to Martyn and Linda Trescothick; his sister, Anna, is three years older than him. His father was a good amateur cricketer, and had played two matches for Somerset County Cricket Club's second team and appeared for Bristol and District Cricket Association between 1967 and 1976, before becoming a stalwart at Keynsham Cricket Club, where his mother made the club teas. Trescothick was immersed into cricket from an early age; the notice announcing his birth in the local newspaper had a quote from his father saying "he will have every encouragement to become a cricketer when he grows up", and he received his first cricket bat when he was eleven months old.

During his time at St Anne's primary school, he was chosen to play for the Avon School under-11 cricket team. He scored the first century for Avon, striking 124 against Devon, and a couple of weeks later remained not out on 183 when the coach declared the innings closed, claiming "if I let him get a double-hundred at his age, what else would he have to aim for?" That score created some interest in the local media, and Gloucestershire County Cricket Club invited him to play for their under-11 team. In his second match for the county, he scored a century against Somerset, who then discovered that Trescothick, living in Keynsham, was qualified to play for them, and he switched from Gloucestershire to Somerset, proud to play for his father's old county.

His education continued at the Sir Bernard Lovell School in Oldland Common near Bristol, and by the age of 14 he was playing alongside his father for Keynsham in the Western League. Around the same time, he was selected to play for the England under-14s alongside future international team-mates Andrew Flintoff and Paul Collingwood. In his autobiography, Coming Back to Me, Trescothick recalls that he was bigger than most of the other boys his age, which gave him a strength advantage, enabling him to hit the ball harder and further than others. At the same time, concerns were raised about his "portly" figure, with suggestions that he would need to work on his fitness. The following season, aged 15, Trescothick scored 4,000 runs between all the different teams he was representing, which by this time included the Somerset under-19s. He was named as the "outstanding young cricketer of the year" by The Cricketer. He was nicknamed Tresco and Banger, the latter deriving from his diet as a young player: My diet was sausages then, in no particular order, sausages, chips, sausages, toast, sausages, beans, sausages, cheese, sausages, eggs, and the occasional sausage.

Early domestic career
Trescothick's first full season at Somerset in 1994 was one of his best, where he scored a total of 925 runs, including two centuries and eight half-centuries at an impressive batting average of 48.63. Having played for the English U-19 cricket team against the West Indies in 1993, and Sri Lanka and India in 1994, Trescothick was named captain for the two Under-19 series against West Indies and South Africa in 1995. His career aggregate of 1,032 runs for England U-19 is second only to John Crawley's 1,058.

Trescothick was not as successful in domestic cricket in 1995, although there were still some highlights including an innings of 151 against Northamptonshire (a third of his season's total), and a hat-trick, including the wicket of century-maker Adam Gilchrist, for Somerset against Young Australia. Trescothick's England Under-19 form was still excellent, averaging 74.62 with the bat in six matches. His Under-19 team mates would often mock him for wearing an England blazer after his matches; Trescothick would reply by saying that "it might be the closest I get to playing for England".

The following five years were mixed for Trescothick. Averaging about 30 runs per innings, he was often criticised for a lack of foot movement. David Gower described Trescothick's technique by saying "he does not need to move a long way but needs to move enough. When he is playing well ... he is very good at transferring weight. When he is not playing well, his feet get stuck". However, Trescothick was awarded the NBC Denis Compton Award for Somerset's most promising young county player in the 1996 and 1997 seasons. In 1997, Somerset Second XI were set 612 to win by Warwickshire Second XI, and Trescothick scored 322 to bring the Seconds to 605.

In 1999, Trescothick impressed Glamorgan coach Duncan Fletcher in a county match at Taunton, by scoring 167 in a low-scoring match where the next-highest innings was 50. When England opening batsman Nick Knight sustained a finger injury in 2000, Fletcher, who had been appointed England coach, called on Trescothick to make his England debut in the NatWest Series against Zimbabwe and the West Indies. Trescothick's regular selection for England meant that he was rarely available for domestic selection between 2000 and 2006, often playing only a few matches for Somerset at the start of the season.

Debut and centuries on maiden tour
Trescothick participated in two England A tours during the winter of 1999, but his full One Day International debut came against Zimbabwe at The Oval on 9 July 2000, when he scored 79. He continued his good form in the tournament with a Man of the Match-winning 87 not out against the West Indies at Chester-le-street, amassing 288 runs at an average of 48.00 and taking two wickets against Zimbabwe at Old Trafford.

As a result of his good form in the NatWest series, Trescothick was given his Test match debut later that summer in the third Test against the West Indies at Old Trafford. He displayed a calm temperament when England lost early wickets, scoring 66 and forming a partnership of 179 with Alec Stewart. Journalist Thrasy Petropoulos observed that there was "poise and durability...just as there had been enterprise and verve to his impressive start in the one-day arena." He ended the Test series with an average of 47.50.

England began the 2000–2001 winter tour with the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy at Nairobi Gymkhana Club. Trescothick did not score highly in the tournament, and England were knocked out at the quarter-final stage against South Africa. Trescothick was named the Professional Cricketers' Association Player of the Year for his performances for Somerset throughout 2000.

Trescothick's maiden international century came against the Sindh Governor's XI in October 2000, during the first warm-up match to the Pakistan series. Trescothick reached his highest score (71) of the three Test matches in the opening innings of the first Test. He took his sole Test wicket in the third Test, when Ashley Giles caught the Pakistan opener Imran Nazir.

Trescothick started the Sri Lanka tour with a century against a Sri Lanka 'Colts XI'. He was the top scorer in both innings of the first Test with 122 and 57, although this was overshadowed by Marvan Atapattu's 201 not out in Sri Lanka's innings. Trescothick averaged 41.33 in the Test series, but only 16.00 in the three subsequent ODIs.

England played two Test matches against Pakistan in June 2001. Although Trescothick scored 117 in the second Test, it was not enough for England to win the match. His ODI form improved at the start of the 2001 NatWest Series against Australia and Pakistan, with scores of 69 and 137 respectively. However, his series ended with two consecutive ducks, and England lost all their matches in the tournament.

England's leading batsman, 2001–02
Although Trescothick was England's second highest run scorer in the 2001 Ashes series, he displayed a tendency to give his wicket away when "well set". England lost the series 4–1, with the majority of the England batsmen's contributions being overshadowed by Mark Butcher's 173 not out to win the fourth Test. Trescothick's apparent inability to make major scores was again apparent in the 2001–02 One Day International series in Zimbabwe, where he only passed 50 on one occasion despite scoring consistently. He also captained the side for the first time in this series, deputising for the injured Nasser Hussain.

Trescothick really came into his own on the winter tour of India in 2001. The three-Test series saw him averaging 48.00, with a highest score of 99. He was England's best batsman in the ODI series, averaging 53.00 with a strike rate of over 100. He scored a century in the first ODI, although England lost by 22 runs. He established a reputation for keeping his composure while the rest of the team were failing; at this point, none of Trescothick's four international centuries had resulted in an England win. He was also man-of-the-match in the final ODI, setting up an England victory, with 95 runs from 80 balls. This tour established Trescothick's reputation as one of England's best batsmen against spin bowling: according to David Gower, he was "judging line and length very well". Indian Cricket named him one of their five Cricketers of the Year for 2002. The following tour of New Zealand was less successful for Trescothick, only once reaching double figures in a poor ODI series, coupled with an average Test match performance.

Trescothick had been playing well in 2002, scoring 161 in the Sri Lankan series and being awarded the Player of the Series in the tri-nation NatWest Series (including a century in the final), until his season was cut short when he fractured his thumb while fielding. He returned for the fourth Test against India, scoring two half-centuries. Trescothick had mixed fortunes in the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy; he followed his century in the NatWest final with a man-of-the-match winning 119 against Zimbabwe, but failed to score as England lost to India and exited the tournament.

In October, Trescothick was one of 11 players awarded "central contracts" by the ECB, which compensate a player's county for their lack of domestic appearances.

Trescothick was overshadowed by Michael Vaughan during the 2002–03 Ashes series, averaging only 26.10 with a top score of 72 in comparison to Vaughan's average of 63.30 and three centuries. Trescothick averaged 31.60 across 10 matches in the VB Series, but England were outplayed by Australia throughout the tour. Trescothick failed to excel in the 2003 World Cup as England failed to qualify for the knock-out stages. In his five matches, Trescothick's top score was 58 against Namibia, with a tournament average of 23.20.

Continued success in 2003 and 2004
Trescothick played well against a weak Zimbabwe side in the two-Test series in May–June 2003, and scored an unbeaten century in the three ODIs against Pakistan averaging over 100. His form continued in the 2003 NatWest Series, with 114 not out against South Africa. The opening stand with Vikram Solanki of 200 runs was the highest first-wicket partnership for England and provided the first instance of both England openers scoring centuries in the same innings. Trescothick maintained his form in the South Africa Test matches; a career-best 219 at The Oval completed a successful series in which he averaged 60.87.

In Bangladesh, scores in the nineties against both the President's XI and Bangladesh A were followed by a century in the first Test, and 60 in the second. He scored one half century in the three ODIs, although England only used five batsman in the comfortable victories. England played poorly against Sri Lanka, with Trescothick finding it hard to build a large innings. He attempted to take control of the match with 70 at Colombo, as England tried to get something from the series, but was also criticised for his poor catching.

His form in the tour to the West Indies in March and April 2004 was mixed. After several low scores in the Test series—Trescothick started with only 20 runs from his first five innings—he reached two half-centuries, but failed to make a substantial match-winning contribution. This poor touring form may have been the start of the troubles that would rule him out of international cricket in the future. Trescothick said, "The hardest thing for me has been the pitches. So far nets and the matches have been on average surfaces and runs have been hard work...In England you get used to good practice surfaces so the rhythm of batting comes pretty easy [sic]." However, he topped the England batting averages in the 7-match one-day series, with 267 runs including 130 in the 5th ODI and 82 from 57 balls in the 7th.

Back in England, Trescothick was called upon to captain England after Michael Vaughan sustained a knee injury. Although other England captains had seemed to suffer a lack of batting form, the extra authority did not affect Trescothick, and he forged a good partnership with debutant Andrew Strauss against New Zealand. This understanding developed in the second Test with a first-wicket partnership of 153; Trescothick went on to score 132, his sixth Test century. Trescothick's partnerships with Strauss were to average 52.35 in 52 innings. His first century against the West Indies followed in the second Test, and Trescothick became the first player to make centuries in both innings of a Test match at Edgbaston, and the ninth England player to score a century in each innings of a Test match. Trescothick was again England's best One Day International batsman in the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy, scoring 261 runs in just four innings, including a century in the final; he also took his fourth ODI wicket.

2004 and 2005 Ashes
The 2004–5 tour of Zimbabwe caused several players to voice their concerns about the Robert Mugabe regime, the security issues in the country, and the standard of the Zimbabwean side. Steve Harmison was the first to boycott the tour for "political and sporting reasons", and Flintoff was reported to be considering taking a moral stand himself. The England Chairman of Selectors David Graveney denied that the selectors would leave out players unhappy with touring Zimbabwe and would put their absences down to injury. Flintoff and Trescothick were, however, "rested" allowing Kevin Pietersen to make his debut.

Trescothick used the time to prepare for the following series in South Africa, even took up yoga in attempt to bolster his performances abroad. In December 2004, he made 85 not out against an N.F. Oppenheimer XI in South Africa. A partnership of 152 with Strauss in the opening Test against South Africa was followed by a partnership of 273 in the second, in which they both scored over 130. This was a record opening partnership at Durban and England's first 200 opening stand since Gooch and Mike Atherton in 1991. Before this, the difference between his home and abroad average was over 20, and his third overseas century went a long way to counter this. With regard to his touring difficulties, Trescothick stated "I wouldn't say I've put it to rest, but I've made a big step forward to putting it to rest. It's a mental battle for me, something I have to deal with and work hard to try to understand what is different. He made a further improvement with an even larger score of 180, as England won the fourth Test. After batting slowly with Ashley Giles, the fall of Hoggard's wicket soon afterwards spurred Trescothick to start "unleashing ferocious shots", setting up an unlikely victory with Steve Harmison partnering him. In the matches preceding the 2005 Ashes series, England wrapped up two easy victories against Bangladesh. Trescothick scored 194 in the first Test, and 151 in the second. He also scored an unbeaten 100 in his 100th ODI against Bangladesh, surpassing Gooch's record of eight ODI centuries for England.

Trescothick fared better in 2005 than in the previous Ashes series, becoming the second highest run scorer in the series (behind the prolific Kevin Pietersen). During the third Test, he became the fastest player to reach 5,000 runs in Test cricket, and also achieved the notable feat of scoring over 1,000 Test runs in a calendar year for the third consecutive year: 1,004 in 2003, 1,003 in 2004, and 1,323 in 2005. He also had the dubious honour of becoming both Glenn McGrath's 500th and Shane Warne's 600th Test wicket during the series. Trescothick was named as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year for his achievements in 2005, and was awarded an MBE in the 2006 New Year honours list with the rest of the English team.

For the Test series against Pakistan, Trescothick was offered the captaincy once more due to an injury to Vaughan. He was unsure whether to accept but realised that as "unofficial second in command...I believe it was the right thing to step up. It is exciting to think I could be in charge for a few weeks...I know there is a chance I maybe won't be a one-match wonder this time – it could be the whole series, but being very close to Michael, I've seen the things it [captaincy] does to you." As it transpired, Trescothick scored 193 in the first innings (although England lost the match), and Vaughan returned for the second Test. Trescothick had considered leaving the tour early when his father-in-law had a serious accident, but stayed in Pakistan as fellow opener Andrew Strauss returned home to attend the birth of his first child.

Illness and depression throughout 2006
During England's tour of India in February 2006, Trescothick abruptly returned home citing personal reasons. He later blamed a virus.

Trescothick returned to Test cricket in May, scoring 106 against Sri Lanka to become the first Test centurion of the 2006 English season. The century proved to be the high point of Trescothick's Test summer, however, as he reached a half-century just once in the subsequent six Tests against Sri Lanka and Pakistan. This run of form was lifted later in the year by two ODI centuries, one apiece against Ireland and Sri Lanka. In September, he withdrew from the remaining ODIs against Pakistan and asked not to be considered for the forthcoming ICC Champions Trophy squad because of a stress-related illness. It was later believed likely that Trescothick had been suffering from clinical depression, which was also the cause of much of his trouble throughout 2006.

Returning once again to the international arena, Trescothick was included in the squad for the 2006–07 Ashes in Australia, and played in the first two tour matches against the Prime Minister's XI and New South Wales. On 14 November, following the match against New South Wales, England announced Trescothick was flying home due to a "recurrence of a stress-related illness". Geoffrey Boycott later stated that depression amongst cricketers is rarely documented, but with the current congested ICC schedule, player "burnout" and similar illnesses were becoming more commonplace.

Trescothick's uncertainty over his place in the England squad drew varied criticism. However, he also received support from respected players, including Somerset captain Justin Langer, Alec Stewart, Mike Gatting, and Bob Woolmer.

Recovery then international retirement in 2007–2008
Trescothick ended some speculation about his international career by announcing that he would like to be considered for a place in the national side in the future. England's management staff continued to support him, and named him in the initial 25-man squad for the 2007 Test series against the West Indies. Having recovered from a double hernia operation, and proving himself fit for the start of the county season, Trescothick began his comeback to cricket by scoring 256 from 117 balls in a 50 over match against Devon in April 2007.

His comeback to the County Championship continued with a 44-ball half-century against Middlesex on 19 April 2007, while in May he hit a career-best 284 against Northamptonshire, although Trescothick stated then that he did not feel ready for an international Test match position. Trescothick followed this double century with a knock of 76 off 35 balls against Northamptonshire, with five fours and seven sixes.

Debate over Trescothick's place in the England squad continued amid an end-of-series reshuffle in the England batting line-up. This included the dropping of fellow opener Strauss from the one-day side, and the rise of Alastair Cook as a Test and ODI opener for England. Trescothick stated that he would see how he progresses before committing to the international scene: "Of course I'd love to play for England again.... Clearly, if I want to continue my career I have to undertake another tour. But for now, if and when I get back to full fitness and I think I am OK and ready to play, I'll make myself available for England." He added that he was "desperate to play for England again" but was waiting until he was "as convinced as I can be that I am ready to take on the challenge of international cricket".

In July 2007, Trescothick was named in the preliminary squad for the Twenty20 World Championship in South Africa, with the full squad to be confirmed on 11 August. However, Trescothick pulled himself out of the squad before the final confirmation date, stating that "[I am] now clear that I should take more time to complete my recovery". The England selectors confirmed that they remained in favour of including Trescothick at some point, looking "forward to his making himself available again for England when the time is right". Trescothick, however, said that he knows England cannot wait for him forever, and on 10 September 2007 he went into his second year without an England contract.

Meanwhile, his good domestic form continued with a fast 146 and 69 not out during a four-day match against Northamptonshire, giving Somerset an unlikely victory. A score of 49 from 83 balls followed in the four-day match against Nottinghamshire, and a score of 84 from 79 balls against Durham was followed by a man-of-the-match winning 124 which saw Somerset promoted to the first division of the NatWest Pro40. Of his 2007 season, Somerset director of cricket Brian Rose stated that Trescothick had made "terrific progress". Trescothick maintained prolific form throughout the season despite a foot injury, scoring 1,343 runs at an average of 61.04 to guide Somerset to the Division 2 championship. He was awarded a benefit year in 2008, following on from successful surgery on an injured metatarsal. He remains firm, however, on his decision to stay out of the England team for the sake of his health.

On 15 March 2008, Somerset announced that Trescothick had decided to pull out of the county's pre-season tour of the UAE after suffering a recurrence of his condition, leading many to speculate that, given this latest setback, it seemed increasing unlikely that Trescothick would represent England again. Somerset's director of cricket Brian Rose, however, stated that he didn't "see the setback as a major problem" and that Trescothick would be able to play for Somerset in the following season, and "for many years" after. He would never return to international level, however, and announced his retirement from international cricket on 22 March 2008. He stated that he had "tried on numerous occasions to make it back to the international stage and it has proved a lot more difficult than [he] expected" and repeated his desire to continue playing domestic cricket. He later stated that it was his decision to withdraw from Somerset's tour of Dubai that prompted his decision.

In response, Angus Fraser wrote: "Obviously, it is sad to see such a dedicated, patriotic and likeable man forced to give up something that patently meant so much to him, but the inner torment that came with attempting to overcome the mental illness that prevented him from touring with England for more than two years had to be brought to an end. It was doing Trescothick and his family no good at all. Representing your country is a source of huge pride, but there are far more important things in life". Fraser also wrote: "It was in Pakistan that Marcus Trescothick's mental illness began to stir and the opener has not played an overseas test since".

After an excellent domestic season for Somerset, including 184 in a 40-over match against Gloucestershire (his highest List A score), Trescothick released his autobiography, Coming Back to Me, on 1 September 2008, explaining that he had suffered from anxiety attacks since the age of 10, and that playing domestic cricket meant that, at all times, he was only ever three hours away from his family. He said,

I've not brought it out for people to use as a self-help book, to say this is how you cope with anxiety and depression. It's just to get it out in the open – there have been so many questions left unanswered and I've not helped that process. But this is the opportunity, and I hope people can understand why I did a few things I did.

The book has been widely commended for its honesty, with Trescothick's difficulties drawing comparison with Harold Gimblett's similar mental health problems. Despite attempts by Pietersen to entice Trescothick back into the England set-up, Trescothick confirmed that his decision has been made and that he is putting his health and family first. In November 2008 Coming Back to Me was named the 2008 William Hill Sports Book of the Year. In April 2009, Trescothick turned down another request from new England captain Andrew Strauss to consider making himself available for England's World Twenty20 Championship campaign.

Later county career
Trescothick continued his career with Somerset into 2009, having received a benefit year from his county, as well as a new stand in his name. During his benefit year he averaged 46.59 in the 4-day game, including three centuries, and he started 2009 with 52 against Warwickshire. It was also announced on 20 April 2009 that Trescothick has become a patron of Anxiety UK, following the revelations of his biography. As the season progressed, Trescothick found success in all forms of the game. On 1 June, he scored 69 from 47 balls as part of a 129-partnership with Craig Kieswetter against Glamorgan; on 3 June he scored 52 against Worcestershire; he was stumped five short of his second Championship century of the season against Lancashire; and then scored 78 against Yorkshire on 14 June. By 16 June, he had scored a hundred apiece in the Friends Provident Trophy and the County Championship, both with averages in the high 50s. On 31 July, he became the first player in the country to accrue 1,000 first-class runs in the 2009 season during the 1st innings of the County Championship match against Nottinghamshire. He also performed well in the one day arena, taking Somerset to the final of the Twenty20 championship while continuing to reject any suggestions of returning for the final Test of the 2009 Ashes series. He finished the season as the leading run scorer in the County Championship, scoring 1,817 runs. With the departure of Justin Langer, Trescothick was named as Somerset captain from 2010 onwards. ""Being made captain is a huge honour for me, particularly as I am Keynsham-born and have been associated with the club since my school days... I've been a player for 17 years and I believe the time is right for me to take on the role. I am really looking forward to the challenge.""

Trescothick was also named Most Valuable Player by the Professional Cricketers' Association for his 2,934 runs in all competitions in the 2009 season, 1,745 of these in the County Championship. Over the winter he starred in a short film to promote Somerset, commissioned by inward investment agency Into Somerset.

2009 Champions League Twenty20
With Somerset runners-up in the English 2009 Twenty20 Cup, Trescothick and his county travelled to India to partake in the Champions League Twenty20 in October. Though both Kieswetter and Hildreth were anticipated as successes, it was Trescothick who was described as having "been in sparkling form all season" and began the tournament under media scrutiny given his previous difficulties playing on tour. There was much speculation regarding any "recurrence of his stress-related illness that originally occurred in 2006", as this was to be his first overseas outing since an aborted attempt in 2008. Trescothick himself responded to the media by making a statement to the BBC World Service which read "I know the risk and I know what happens when it goes wrong. In the last couple of times I have tried to go on tour it's failed, so of course [it is a risk]... Let's try and break the tradition of what has happened over the last few times... I can only try. It's a big competition for the players and for the club. I have got to try and make it happen." Meanwhile, Langer assured the media that Trescothick could pull out whenever he wished to. Somerset, who began the tour without Trescothick as he was arriving later than most of the squad, commenced their warm up with a victory over the Otago Volts. The opener arrived three days later, confident in his ability to complete the tour. Somerset began with a close victory against the Deccan Chargers on 10 October, winning from the last ball. Trescothick was dismissed for 14 from 12 in his first match outside England since 2006, "after offering a fleeting glimpse of his talent" according to ESPNcricinfo.

Trescothick was unable to avoid a recurrence of his previous difficulties when travelling abroad, however, and returned home on 15 October, citing the same "stress related illness". Brian Rose, who Trescothick had approached initially after Somerset's defeat by Trinidad and Tobago on 12 October, released a statement to the media stating "Marcus admitted a couple of days ago that he wasn't 100% so that's fair enough. I think his future will be in domestic cricket and that may even help him with this particular form of illness. I think over the next two or three years you'll see Marcus Trescothick performing wonderfully well in county cricket." Michael Vaughan, who had by then retired from cricket, praised Trescothick's "courageous" decision, as did Vikram Solanki, then PCA chairman. Journalist Andrew Miller called for an end to the rising criticism of Trescothick's decision from the public, while Paul Hayward of the Guardian also derided those critical of the Somerset player's actions. Despite returning home, Trescothick continued to affirm his commitment to the club by signing a new three-year contract with optional fourth year, in December. He was named captain for the 2010 season.

Captaincy 2010 – 2015
Trescothick led Somerset into the 2010 season as captain, and began strongly in the County Championship with a century and four half-centuries from his first eight games, though he struggled in the newly formed Clydesdale Bank 40 with only 95 runs from the first five matches, and in the Friends Provident T20 173 runs at 21.62 with a best of 50. This half century came on 25 June, where together with Kieron Pollard helped secure victory over Sussex, and was scored from 31 balls. Despite Trescothick's four-day form, however, Somerset struggled early on, with only one victory over Yorkshire. In a Twenty20 match against Hampshire on 9 July at Taunton, Trescothick hit a half-century from 13 deliveries, including five sixes and five fours – a record fastest fifty in English domestic Twenty20 cricket. He was eventually dismissed for 78 from only 32 balls. He went on to lead Somerset to runners-up position for all three English domestic competitions, losing out to Nottinghamshire in the County Championship, Hampshire in the Twenty20 and Warwickshire in the CB40 competition.

In 2011 Trescothick started off the county championship season very strongly and was the first batsman in the country to score 1000 championship runs. He was awarded the 2011 season MVP (Most Valuable Player) award for his performances throughout the season. He ended 2011 with six centuries in the County Championship, batting with an average of 79.66 across the year. Somerset earned record financial returns that year, but again failed in the semi-final and final stages of all major competitions.

Across all three formats, Trescothick took 2,518 runs for his county. ESPNcricinfo's George Dobell noted in their end of season round-up that "He continues to dominate county attacks in a way that only Graeme Hick and Mark Ramprakash – of recent batsmen – could match. There are times when he makes the bowlers' job appear impossible." However, as 2012 – Trescothick's 19th season at Somerset – approached, there was talk of resting him from the newly formed one-day cricket championship that following year. Trescothick did not travel with the rest of the side to the Champions League T20 in India. He missed part of the 2012 domestic season due to an ankle injury, and struggled for form going seven four-day matches without a half-century until passing fifty against Sussex in August and going on to score a century. By the end of the season he had played only five one day games, scoring 118 runs at 39.33, two T20 matches making only 31 runs in total, and nine County Championship games in which he scored 506 runs at 38.92, including two centuries. This was his lowest home-season aggregate since 1995. He nevertheless made a statement to the media voicing his wish to continue playing into his forties, and took up a winter commentary stint with Sky Sports to cover England's tour of India. The 2013 season, however, found Trescothick averaging only in the mid-twenties, and failed to score a century for the first time since 1998. He remained, however, the second-highest run maker for Somerset, behind only Nick Compton, and retained the captaincy for the 2014 season. He continued to appear as a commentator and analyst for Sky Sports in the off-season, in particular during coverage of the 2014 World T20. He also publicly lent his support to England's Jonathan Trott during the latter's departure from the 2013–14 Ashes series, empathising with Trott's stress-related illness in a statement to Sky Sports which recalled his own experiences, recalling that "you just can't take any more, you just can't get through the day let alone go out there and play a Test match and win a Test match."

Trescothick began the 2014 season strongly. He scored 112 in a warm-up game against Middlesex, followed by 95 against a university team. Subsequent scores of 20, 17 and five in the next three innings prompted George Dobell of ESPNcricinfo to comment that "Trescothick does not look anything like the batsman he once was," but he returned to form on 28 April with a further century against Sussex. It was his first in the County Championship since 2012, and was followed on 22 May with a second hundred, against Durham at Taunton. This century came 618 days after the last time he scored a hundred at his home ground. He passed 1,000 runs for the season on 25 September against Yorkshire, in the final game of the year's County Championship.

In 2015, Trescothick scored over 1,000 runs for the season, including three centuries and eight 50s, and completed the milestone yet again in July 2016 against Nottinghamshire.

Continuing career after captaincy
In January 2016 after six seasons in the job Trescothick stood down from the Somerset captaincy to let experienced new overseas signing Chris Rogers lead the team. Trescothick finished his first season without the captaincy since retiring from England duty with a season average of over 53 and also became the Somerset cricketer with the highest number of first class catches in the history of the club. He extended his contract with Somerset for the 2017 season during which he broke the record previously belonging to Harold Gimblett for most first class centuries for Somerset and signed another 12 month extension with Somerset in August 2017, to the end of the 2018 season, his 26th season with Somerset. On 25 September 2018 Trescothick took three consecutive slip catches as Craig Overton registered a hat-trick in the county championship against Notts. It was only the third time in first-class cricket all three dismissals in a hat-trick were caught by the same non wicket-keeping fielder. On 27 June 2019 Trescothick announced that he would retire from professional cricket at the end of the 2019 season. His last on-field appearance came as a substitute fielder in the final few minutes of Somerset's County Championship game against Essex at Taunton on 26 September 2019. He was greeted with a standing ovation and left the field to a guard of honour from the opposition.

Post-playing career
In retirement, Trescothick has served as batting coach for the England Test team.

Test matches
Records:
 * 1,000 runs in a calendar year: 1,003 (2003), 1,004 (2004), 1,323 (2005)
 * First of two players to score a century in both innings at Edgbaston the other being Shai Hope (and the ninth player for England), 2004 v West Indies.
 * M.A. Aziz Stadium, Chittagong 1st wicket partnership record: 126 with Michael Vaughan, 2003–04 v Bangladesh
 * Century by both openers in same innings, and Kingsmead first wicket partnership record: 273 with Andrew Strauss, 2004–5 v South Africa
 * Multan Cricket Stadium second wicket partnership record: 180 with Ian Bell, 2005–06 v Pakistan
 * Riverside Ground third wicket partnership record: 155 with Ian Bell, 2005 v Bangladesh
 * The Oval third wicket partnership record: 268 with Graham Thorpe, 2003 v South Africa

One Day Internationals
Records:
 * Most consecutive ODIs for England: 92 (8 July 2000 – 25 September 2004).
 * Beausejour Stadium fourth wicket partnership record: 110 with Andrew Flintoff, 2003–04 v West Indies
 * Bellerive Oval first wicket partnership record: 165 with Nick Knight, 2002–03 v Australia
 * Civil Service Cricket Club, Stormont fourth wicket partnership record: 142 with Ian Bell, 2006 v Ireland
 * Riverside Ground first wicket partnership record: 171 with Alec Stewart, 2000 v West Indies
 * County Ground, Bristol second wicket partnership: 124 with Nick Knight, 2001 v Australia
 * England and The Oval first wicket partnership record: 200 with Vikram Solanki, 2003 v South Africa
 * Rose Bowl fourth wicket partnership record: 53 with Paul Collingwood, 2004 v Sri Lanka

Personal life
Trescothick married Hayley Rowse in Trull, Somerset, on 24 January 2004, and the couple have two daughters. He lives in Taunton, and also owns property in Barbados, near similar properties owned by Michael Vaughan and Andrew Flintoff. Trescothick is an honorary vice-president of Bristol City F.C., as well as being a keen golfer.

Honours
Trescothick was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2006 New Year Honours for services to cricket and Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2024 New Year Honours for services to mental ill health, as mental health ambassador for the Professional Cricketers' Association.

 * He has been recognised with a Taunton Deane Citizenship Award on 21 September 2005, and was granted the Freedom of his home town, Keynsham on 3 October 2005.
 * In December 2018 Trescothick was awarded the Honorary Doctorate of Health at the winter graduation ceremony of the University of Bath.
 * In 2021 Trescothick was awarded Honorary Life Membership of the Marylebone Cricket Club.

title: Marcus Trescothick


text:
Talk:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency

Peer Review Process
I've only helped a little, but I hope it's a start. I changed the wording of the opening sentence around, changed the "Ugandan government" to link to Politics of Uganda, fixed some grammar, and changed the heading "Chronological List of Reported Incidents" to "Recent incidents involving the LRA," it's more descriptive. Mtrisk 03:56, 5 January 2005 (UTC)

The "Ten Commandments" reference is almost certainly incorrect. While often quoted in the media (I guess because it makes for interesting reading), it seems to come from a line in an Amnesty Internation report published in 1997: "Breaking God's Commandments", which states "Neither the Holy Spirit Movement of Alice Lakwena nor the LRA of Joseph Kony have presented political programs that are readily understandable to outsiders, beyond calling for Uganda to be ruled according to the biblical Ten Commandments". HSM certainly presented political programs, for example Alice (or Lakwena) gave an interview with reporters just before the battle at Jinja where she said that they were "fighting to depose the Museveni government and unite all the people in Uganda" (source: Behrend). Since the first half of the statement is wrong, the second half probably is too. (Amnesty do not know who their source was, or whether the source for the first half of the statement is the same as the second, or whether the second half refers to HSM or the LRA). The 'Ten Commandments' stuff is probably confusion with HSM's 'Holy Spirit Safety Rules'. The article should probably reflect some of this, but exactly how much needs to go into it is difficult to answer. Alun Harford 22:48, 14 January 2005

 * Yeah, I've been cautiously changing the intro. The "based on the Ten Commandments" line found in nearly every news article about the LRA is a pet peeve.  The 1997 Amnesty report appears to oversimplify the syncretism of Acholi religion, e.g. the melding of spirit medium and Christian prophet in the figure of the nebbi, as opposed to the ajwaka.  And I don't agree that the HSM had a clear political program.  The UPDA was the only Acholi rebel group that was clearly led by people who thought in political rather than religious terms, which is why they realized that the insurgency was hopeless and negotiated a peace on favorable terms.  An escaped abductee stated that Kony "always told us that he spoke with the angel who told him that he would one day be president of Uganda and the young people he has abducted and the children born in captivity would take over the country." (HRW), which appears to be about as political as the Auma quote above.  Insane, but still vaguely political.  I'm sure that the article has some of my personal bias on what is important and what is not, so additions by others to it and the related pages can only help.  Cheers, BanyanTree 00:03, 15 January 2005 (UTC)

I understand that "Lakwena Two" doesn't make a lot of sense in Lwo, and given that Kony left HSM when he got laughed out of the room by 'Lakwena' (source: Mike Ocan and Behrend) this seems like old (NRA?) propoganda to assosiate the popular HSM with the attrocities of the LRA. Alun Harford 22:48, 14 January 2005
 * It's very well might be an anachronism. The first source that I remember mentioning "Lakwena Part Two" is Allen, T. 1991.   “Understanding Alice: Uganda’s Holy Spirit Movement in Context.” Africa 61 (3). I also vaguely recall it being mentioned in another more recent article, possibly Doom and Vlassenroot.  Since the first reference is from 1991, when the LRA still had a decent amount of popular support (at least compared to post-1994), I don't know why the NRA would have used it as propaganda.  However, Allen makes a couple of mistakes that are later mentioned and corrected by Behrend, and this appears to be the only work he published on the LRA, so I'm a little leery of his work.  I have modified the relevant sentence in the article.  Tell me what you think.  BanyanTree

I've read through this as an SME on the region and the LRA, the content is good - the main comment is on the 'meted out atrocities' in the background by the NRA. These should be defined - what atrocities are we talking about, how many people affected? Ngo-analyst (talk) 14:06, 21 August 2022 (UTC)

"Recent incidents involving the LRA"
This section is sort of dangling on the rest of the article right now, I think it needs some work. What defines an incident involving the LRA? News coverage? Victims? Something else? At present, it's a little stubby — only two items, both dating from February 2004. If it's unstubbyfied (i.e. updated to include all recent events), will it add to the quality of the article? Or would it be so big that it would have to split off to List of recent incidents involving the LRA? In short, what is it's purpose? — mark ✎ 21:35, 8 January 2005 (UTC)

 * If you look at an older version of the article, the two incidents make up a significant part of its length. I assume that's from someone who read about the attacks, found the article, and added them in. When I inserted the historical sections, I threw the incidents into their own section as it didn't make sense to leave them in the intro section.  Frankly, I always skip over it when I skim the article.

 * Since so many attacks are on isolated villages, I would be surprised if the majority had been documented. Acholipeace.org (which is incredibly badly structured) has some historical month-by-month accounts that are mind-blowing in illustrating how many raids, ambushes, abductions and attacks are carried out.  Even an attempt to document them all would require a separate page.  And I'm not sure that lists like "1 January: UPDF supply truck ambushed, three soldiers injured, 3 January: Village X looted, 6 civilians reported abducted but 4 released two days later" would add something significant that would be worth the effort of trying to find all that info.  Even the Ugandan national newspapers put LRA attacks on inside pages because they are/were so commmon.

 * So the easy solution, as far as I can see, is to just add the incidents into the relevant section of the text body. What might be useful is to make a list of major incidents, using the "signal events" list in the Gersony PDF link as a baseline.  Comments? BanyanTree 22:09, 8 January 2005 (UTC)

 * See this and this for some recent AcholiPeace lists. And this is just one local NGO operating in the north.  Like I said, mindblowing. Looking at these actually makes me thinks I'm not emphasizing the violence of the insurgency enough... BanyanTree 22:29, 8 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Bad Things. I hadn't realized it was that violent. Comments: I think adding relevant incidents to the text body is the best way to do it — for the most part it's already done that way. I agree with you that a list of major incidents makes more sense than a list of recent incidents.  — mark ✎ 01:02, 9 January 2005 (UTC)

Where the hell is the international outrage against the LRA? I completely understand the problems people have with the Arabized Muslims and non-Arabized Muslims killing each other in Darfur, but where the hell is the outrage against the atrocities being committed by the LRA? Is Uganda not worth a "Save Uganda" campaign? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.48.19.93 (talk) 23:11, 10 June 2008 (UTC)

IDP map
Currently looking for a map of Uganda that includes all of the places mentioned in 'Prominent incidents', in order to create another map, marking the locations of those incidents (red stars or something). Or maybe you know a better purpose for yet another map; or maybe you think it's enough already; or that pictures would be better. (I tend to agree with that last one — I'm inclined to draw another map just because there's so much text, but some pictures would solve that problem as well). Let me hear your thoughts! — mark ✎ 19:34, 9 January 2005 (UTC)

 * Another map couldn't hurt, but I think we may be running into diminishing marginal returns at this point. The distances are so small that a rebel band can move from the Sudanese border to central Pader, for instance, in one day, so pointing out a couple locations in e.g. Kitgum district may give the false impression that the other regions are safe.  What might be more useful, perhaps as a replacement for the "districts affected" map, would be a map with the number of displaced as a raw number and percentage of the total district population such as this one, possibly updated with more recent figures from September on the 87th page of this CAP.  I'm definitely keeping my eyes open for pictures at this point.  Otherwise, what do you think of putting the nitty-gritty details of attacks at the end of the article?  I'm wary of getting into details of attacks in the middle of the article as they are so disturbing it may throw people's train of thought off, but that may just be my perception... -- BanyanTree 03:22, 10 January 2005 (UTC)
 * No, I agree with you there. I think keeping a list at the end is a good idea. As for the map, I'll look into it. Haven't got much time this week, so I shouldn't be working on these things — but I'm addicted...  — mark ✎ 10:43, 10 January 2005 (UTC)

 * I can't find the right figures in the PDF referred to above. The map on page 87 reports the number of IDP's benefiting from relief food as of September 2004, and omits the number of IDPs in some districts that lack food assistance. I'll use the figures of the older map to draft a map, as they can easily be changed; from the filename I guess those are numbers from a year ago.  — mark ✎ 13:57, 5 February 2005 (UTC)
 * Draft, using the old figures: . Comments?  — mark ✎ 14:30, 5 February 2005 (UTC)

 * It appears that Adjumani district, northwest of Gulu, also counts as "affected" but has no IDP count. Perhaps both Adjumani and Apac could be "affected with unreported IDP populations" or something similar.  I can't figure out the source of the older map.  If it was done by the World Food Program or something similar, it's probably an estimate of people they are providing aid to, rather than an estimate of absolute numbers.  So it's not that Adjumani and Apac are "affected with no IDPs".  The lines between districts appear a bit faint.  Throw on a legend and label Sudan and it looks good to go. Great job!
 * It looks like the article is about to fall off the edge of peer review... - BanyanTree 15:28, 5 February 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the directions! New draft, including Adjumani, less faint district borders and a legend: . Districts borders are still not too dark because otherwise district names that cross borders look messy. The Sept 2004 WFP CAP doesn't include figures for Katakwi and Soroti, what do you think of my solution for that?
 * Do you think this map should replace the earlier Ugandan districts affected by...-map, or should I rather update that one to include Adjumani? The drawback of this new one is that the figures are unreadable at a width of 400 px or less. So maybe we should go for both, the old one serving to give a quick impression of affected districts and the new one providing detailed figures.
 * As for Peer Review — well, this article is on my soon-to-submit-to-FAC-list anyway, so I guess it's about time :). On a more serious note, I don't think you will get much more comments there. Peer Review doesn't seem to work well these days for articles from the csb-corner.  — mark ✎ 17:15, 5 February 2005 (UTC)

 * I like it, and your solution for the two different sources. The only thing I can see now is to make explicit the meaning of the numbers and percentages.  Maybe in the title of the legend? - "Number of IDPs, and IDPs as a percentage of total population".  There must be a less awkward way of phrasing it...
 * We should keep both maps. The mention of the Juba-Torit red-line is only useful when the towns are on the accompanying large map; and the article certainly isn't crowded with images. - BanyanTree 19:15, 5 February 2005 (UTC)

 * Here it is! As for the meaning of the numbers, I think the caption of the image is the best place for that (just like the other maps), although I agree that we should find a less awkward wording. I'll update the other map to include Adjumani.  — mark ✎ 19:37, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * And the older map is updated, lose your browser cache if you don't see it.  — mark ✎ 20:04, 5 February 2005 (UTC)

 * Looks good! Do you want to do the honors of inserting somewhere into the latter part of the article?  - BanyanTree 21:16, 5 February 2005 (UTC)
 * :) I inserted it. Don't hesitate to reposition it though if you see a better place.  — mark ✎ 21:48, 5 February 2005 (UTC)

No news in timeline for 4 years now
Does this mean that the LRA is so diminished that it's mostly dormant now? 82.37.67.151 (talk) 13:57, 25 November 2021 (UTC)

 * The LRA hasn't featured in any attacks for several years, it isn't considered in any counter-insurgency threat models at present. The most recent relevant news from 2021 is the reintegration of LRA captives in 2021 from invisible children which is cited in the article with the statement about this on the link here: https://invisiblechildren.com/who-we-are-today/ -- the inclusion of this might help add to the article on the groups dormancy, but also that their impact is still felt today. Ngo-analyst (talk) 14:05, 21 August 2022 (UTC)

Proseline
The 2008-present section suffers from some of the worst WP:PROSELINE I have ever seen. Willbb234 21:39, 30 September 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency


text:
Kim Gevaert

Kim Gevaert (born 5 August 1978 in Leuven) is a former sprint athlete and Olympic champion from Belgium.

Career
Her closest brush with a world title came in running 4/100 of a second behind three-time champion Gail Devers at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. At the next World Indoor Championships, in 2006, she won the bronze medal in a national record time of 7.11 seconds.

On 9 August 2006 Gevaert won the 100 metres at the European Championships in 11.06 seconds. Two days later, she also won the final of the 200 metres, which was celebrated together with fellow Belgian athlete Tia Hellebaut, who had won gold in the high jump final only minutes before Kim Gevaert. With her first medal, Gevaert became the first Belgian gold medalist at the European Championships in 35 years and the first woman to win the sprint double since 1994.

At the 2007 World Championships she won a bronze medal in the 4 × 100 metres relay, together with teammates Hanna Mariën, Olivia Borlée and Élodie Ouédraogo. With 42.75 seconds the team set a new Belgian record. A few days earlier as best European athlete she had finished 5th in a thrilling 100 m final.

On her 30th birthday, three days before the opening of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Gevaert announced that she would retire at the end of the 2008 season. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Gevaert was in the best condition of her life. She reached the 100 m semifinals by ending 3rd in her quarterfinals, but after missing her start she finished sixth and failed to proceed to the finals. In the finals of the 4×100 m for women a couple of days later, Gevaert ran the final leg for the Belgian team and finished in second behind the Russians to bring home the silver medal in a new Belgian record of 42.54 seconds. On 16 August 2016, it was announced that the IOC had officially disqualified the Russian 4 x 100 metres relay team after Yuliya Chermoshanskaya's re-tested samples revealed two illegal substances, awarding the gold medal to the Belgian team. She was awarded the gold medal eight years late on September 10, 2016.

On 5 September 2008, Kim Gevaert ended her career running the 100 m at the Memorial Van Damme in Brussels, Belgium, a race which she won in 11.25.

Personal life
Gevaert has two brothers, Marlon and John, and a sister Sigrid. Marlon competed in sprint at the national level in Belgium before becoming a national sprint coach in New Zealand. In 2010 Gevaert married her long-time partner and a fellow athlete Djeke Mambo. They have two sons and one daughter, who are bilingual, as the principal language of their father is French and of their mother is Flemish.

Honours and awards

 * Golden Spike award - Best female athlete: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007
 * Vlaamse Reus: 2002, 2004, 2007  , nominations in 2006, 2008
 * Flemish Sportsjewel: 2002
 * Honorary Citizen of Kampenhout: 2002
 * Belgian Sports Personality of the Year: 2004
 * Belgian Sports team of the Year: Women's 4×100 metres relay: 2004, 2007, 2008
 * Golden Medal of Honor of the Flemish Parliament: 2005
 * Belgian National Sports Merit Award: 2006 (with Tia Hellebaut)
 * Flemish Sportsjewel: 2007 (Women's 4×100 metres relay team)
 * Belgian National Sports Merit Award: 2007 (Women's 4×100 metres relay team)
 * Honorary Citizen of Steenokkerzeel: 2006
 * Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown, by Royal Decree of H.M. King Albert II: 2009
 * Honorary Citizen of Sint-Genesius-Rode: 2017

Personal best

 * 60 metres: 7.10 seconds (Belgian Record)
 * 100 metres: 11.04 seconds (Wind: 2.0/Place: Brussels/Date:09 07 2006) (Belgian Record)
 * 200 metres: 22.20 seconds (Brussels/09 07 2006) (Belgian Record)
 * 400 metres: 51.45 seconds (-/Gent/08 05 2005) (Belgian Record)

title: Kim Gevaert


text: User talk:212.165.158.67

title: User talk:212.165.158.67


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Charles Cingolani

I don't think this person is encyclopedic (ext. links go to a geocities site, indicating probably self-published), and it was created by User:Charles Cingolani. I've left a friendly message on his talk page, as it was his first contribution, but this should be deleted. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 14:47, 2004 Aug 2 (UTC)

It appears he's a published author, though I've not heard of any of the books listed. I don't know what the rules/ettiquette concerning self-publication are, since I'm a newbie to Wikipedia editing. If the article was rewritten into better prose (it seems too much like a CV to me), and people were interested in the person (anyone studying the books he wrote, for example), I think it may be acceptable, but if it has breached any rules I'm not aware of, then I would have no objection to its deletion Darksun 14:59, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

This is an opportunity to user dpbsmith's Amazon.com Sales Rank: first is of 1,070,328 "If we assume that no more than half the articles in Wikipedia should be articles about specific book titles, then we should restrict ourselves to a maximum of 317457/2 books = currently about 160,000. Therefore we should not consider a book sufficiently notable for inclusion unless its Amazon sales rank exceeds 160,000. dpbsmith (talk) 19:55, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)" -- So this book is not notable, and I strongly suspect vanity. Dunc_Harris|☺ 15:59, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Books are available at Amazon (UK). --[[User:Bodnotbod|b odnotbo d     ......TALK Q uietly ) ]] 15:04, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Elf-friend 19:40, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Vanity. Delete. Wile E. Heresiarch 21:23, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * on the basis of the evidence provided, sounds like vanity. The article as is also contains no clues as to in what way the works listed are notable (sales, critical acclaim etc.). Amazon is an online book catalog, Wikipedia is not. Delete.--Ianb 23:05, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
Helsinki-Malmi Airport

Helsinki-Malmi Airport (Helsinki-Malmin lentoasema, Helsingfors-Malm flygplats) was an airfield that served Helsinki, the capital of Finland, located in the district of Malmi, 5.4 NM north-north-east of the city centre. It was opened in 1936. Until the opening of Helsinki-Vantaa Airport in 1952, it was the main airport of Helsinki and of Finland. After that, it was used for general aviation and flight training, and remained the second-busiest airport in Finland, as measured by the number of landings, after Helsinki-Vantaa Airport. The city of Helsinki, which owns the land the airport is located on, terminated its lease agreement for aviation purposes in December 2019, and its remaining runway was closed in March 2021, but several legal complaints are pending in courts. The city plans to use the land for the construction of approximately 25,000 new apartments starting in 2024. The airfield area, including the runways and taxiways, was opened for public recreation in February 2022.

History
The first land airport of Helsinki, located in Tattarisuo in the township of Malmi, became operational in December 1936. The area is now in the district of Malmi in Helsinki. The airplanes of Aero Ltd (now Finnair) were converted from floatplanes to land-based aircraft without delay and moved to the new airport along with general aviation aircraft. The functionalist terminal building was completed in 1938 and designed by architects Dag Englund and Vera Rosendahl. The official opening ceremony took place on 15 May 1938.

Helsinki-Malmi Airport was among the first in the world to be designed from the beginning as an international airport. It made travel to and from the capital of Finland much faster than before. In the late 1930s, domestic air routes already reached all the major cities in Finland, and in 1940 it became possible to fly even to Petsamo in the far north.

The Winter War interrupted civil aviation at Malmi, and the airport was taken over by the Finnish Air Force. Civilian traffic was moved to other airfields. In the Continuation War, both civilian and military traffic used Malmi Airport. When the Continuation War ended in September 1944, the airport was taken over by the Allied Control Commission. It was returned to the supervision of the Finns at the end of 1946.

During the war, bigger and heavier aircraft had been developed, and after the war the aircraft industry and commercial aviation business flourished. Malmi Airport was confronted by a new situation. It became evident that the runways, built originally on a deep layer of clay and swampy topsoil, would require considerable investment if they were to bear the weight of the new big airliners. The problem was particularly acute with Helsinki slated to host the 1952 Summer Olympics. Cost estimates showed that extending the runways, adding pilework under them and strengthening them in other ways would be prohibitively expensive, and the plans were abandoned.

A new airfield built to international standards was first opened to traffic in 1952 in Vantaa, in time for the Olympics, today known as Helsinki Airport. Scheduled traffic gradually moved from Malmi to the new airport. Malmi Airport continued to serve a new category of commercial aviation, charter flights, for many years. In special circumstances, it also acted as a backup airfield for Helsinki Airport for lighter passenger aircraft.

After the opening of Helsinki-Vantaa Airport, Malmi Airport was used mainly for general aviation. Professional flying education and professional aviation, as well as private aviation and aviation clubs, operated there. 75 to 80 percent of all flights were training flights, and in 2002, 50 percent of all pilots in Finland and two out of three professional pilots were trained there.

From the point of view of air traffic, Malmi Airport is the only free-schedule international airfield for lighter traffic within 150 km of the capital (Helsinki Airport is the only coordinated airport in Finland, i.e., it does not serve non-scheduled traffic without a runway slot application that must be filed hours in advance ). In 2013, about 7,500 landings of flights between Malmi and other airfields were logged just among Malmi's own flight operators, making Malmi the second-busiest airport for cross-country flights in Finland.

The aviation shows and other public events at the airport have typically been enjoyed by tens of thousands of spectators.

The Finnish Border Guard had its air base at the airport until the end of 2016, when the State moved all its operations elsewhere (about 14% of Malmi's operations), anticipating the airport's closure.

Closure

The closure of the airport was debated since about 2000, as the city of Helsinki needed the area for building housing for its growing population.

On 25 March 2014, the Finnish government made a framework decision in principle to close down Malmi Airport and hand it over to residential use by the early 2020s. A prerequisite written into the government's decision was that the Border Guard and civil aviation were to be transferred to a substitute airfield. The Border Guard moved away in 2016, but, no substituting airfield for civil aviation has been opened.

In late 2014, the Finnish state-owned airport operator Finavia Ltd sold the state's properties on Malmi Airport to the city of Helsinki. The ownership was transferred to the city on 1 January 2017. On 31 December 2016, Finavia withdrew its services from Malmi Airport.

The city leased the airport to the Malmi Airfield Association, with a three-year lease agreement covering about 39 hectares (30%) of the airport's area. The association operated the airport's aviation activities. The city terminated the airport's lease agreement for aviation purposes in December 2019. The lessee challenged the decision in court, but lost its case in District Court of Helsinki in December 2020. The lessee appealed the decision to the Helsinki Court of Appeal, and the case is still pending.

The land of the former airport has been zoned for housing, but the Malmi Airfield Association is also challenging that in court. The Association is the appellee or appellant of numerous court cases concerning the future of the airport.

The city closed the remaining runway on 14 March 2021, interrupting its aviation operations.

Opposition
The closure of the airport attracted vocal opposition from the citizenry.

The citizens' law initiative "Lex Malmi", supported by more than 56,000 Finns in just two months' time and calling for keeping Malmi Airport in aviation use by means of legislation, was presented to the Finnish Parliament on 8 February 2017. The aim of the initiative was to secure the future accessibility of Helsinki and Finland by air and to save the internationally acclaimed cultural heritage site. In the end, the Speakers of Parliament prevented it from being voted on, and it was dismissed with a proclamation by the Parliament placing responsibility of proper compensatory measures for the continuation of general aviation on the State of Finland.

Alternative airport
In June 2005, the Ministry of Transport and Communications ordered the Civil Aviation Administration to formulate a new assessment of the alternatives and costs for a new general aviation airport near Helsinki. In February 2008, the Ministry of Transport and Communications commissioned an environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the alternative sites. In preparing the EIA, it turned out to be problematic that neither the Ministry nor any other party had a concrete project to build a new airport. The Ministry made in early 2010 a proposal to relevant planning authorities to organise co-operation in carrying out the EIA. Based on the response, the Ministry concluded that the preparation of the EIA would not be continued without participation of the authorities responsible for land-use planning. The question of a future general aviation airport would be studied in future regional land use plans.

Current use
The airport is popular among people who like outdoor exercise because its environment offers natural scenery and a nature path encircles the airport area.

On 23 and 24 July 2019, the airport hosted Ed Sheeran's ÷ Tour for a total 108,000 attendees, setting a record for total tickets sold for two shows in Finland.

The exceptionally well preserved pre-World War II aviation milieu of Malmi Airport has also received international recognition. It has been selected to the worldwide List of 100 Most Endangered Cultural Sites 2004 by the World Monuments Fund, and re-selected to the 2006 list. The airport is also included in the Finnish selection of the international DoCoMoMo Workgroup dedicated to cataloguing and preserving buildings, monuments and sites of the modern movement. On 16 March 2016, Europe's leading cultural heritage organization Europa Nostra and the European Investment Bank Institute selected the airport as one of the seven most endangered cultural heritage sites in Europe 2016. In 2021, ICOMOS brought Malmi Airport yet again into the international spotlight of international cultural heritage in its report Heritage at Risk: World Report 2016-2019 on Monuments and Sites in Danger.

Future
The city of Helsinki is planning to construct new housing on the former airport's land for about 25,000 residents, with construction planned to start in 2024.

title: Helsinki-Malmi Airport