text:
User talk:Danakil

Welcome! Glad to have you contributing here. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 02:20, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Fortran
Hiya. I noticed you changed "Fortran" to "FORTRAN" in Template:List of programming languages. However the Fortran article actually gives the correct capitalisation as "Fortran" (see User talk:Wernher), so you may want to change this back. Thanks  — Kate | Talk 18:56, 2004 Aug 10 (UTC)
 * I'll change it back, but I must confess that it looks awkward to me to have both 'Fortran' and 'ALGOL' side by side...and the ALGOL site suggests keeping the capitalized version of the name. Thanks for pointing this out to me. --Danakil
 * Well... as I understand it (which isn't all that well, since I don't know as much about either of these languages as I should...) they were both originally capitalised (ALGOL & FORTRAN), but Fortran's name later changed to the new version, whereas the no-longer-developed ALGOL hasn't. So it does look a bit strange, but is actually correct.    — Kate | Talk 19:28, 2004 Aug 10 (UTC)

Moving pages
Please do not copy and paste text to "move" it from one article title to another. Use the "move page" feature to change an article's title (look at the bar of options at each article and you'll find it). If you need a redirect deleted for a move, let an admin (like me) know. -- Infrogmation 05:37, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * OK. Let me take this opportunity to clarify another doubt:
 * What should be the standard for naming cities in, say, Mexico? I saw both a 'Tampico' page and a 'Tampico (Mexico)' page. I don't think either one is the right approach: there is also 'Tampico, Illinois', for example (Reagan was born there); and there are several cities in Mexico with the same name but in a different State. See also the 'Altamira' page. So, shouldn't a pattern like Cityname, Statename apply? or is there already a different standard way of doing this?
 * Thanks for pointing out to me the right way to do a move. I hadn't thought about the perjudicial effects, in terms of page history, of doing what I was doing instead of using move.
 * --Danakil
 * With Mexican cities, I think we're tending towards leaving articles at the city name only where there is no disambiguation needed and apending the state name where it is. This seems to be more a case of what editors wound up doing than any established standard. There are certainly some cases where we can and should be clearer. -- Infrogmation 04:56, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Template:List of programming languages
Hiya. The thing about the new format is that it has the same problem as the old one, except more so: it's too large. It distracts from the actual article, and honestly I don't think the list is useful in this form however it's formatted. Listing every language is clearly not feasible, listing only some not only causes arguments as to what should be listed, and including even a reasonable subset makes it cramped, to say the least. I'd rather leave it as it is (in the unconspicuous version) for now, and try to achieve consensus on a new, two-tier layout ASAP. — Kate | Talk 19:27, 2004 Aug 12 (UTC)

 * I agree that a list of programming languages is useful. That's why we're working on a reasonable way to present this list in the articles (cf Template talk:List of programming languages).   — Kate | Talk 19:42, 2004 Aug 12 (UTC)

Function-level Programming
You are right, I'll rework the translation. Thanks. --Ascánder 18:29, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Programming languages
Hi, I was wondering why you removed 'Category:Programming languages' from all lists of programming languages? Yet you left 'Category:Esoteric programming languages' in the List of esoteric programming languages article. Was that by mistake?-) ZeroOne 12:42, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi,ZeroOne. I decided not to touch the subcategories, since by their own nature, they give rise to lists of programming languages (say, the LISP subcategory -> list of Lisp-related prog langs, and so on). Perhaps we should make an attempt to standardize on the subcategory naming convention, though. The other possible way to use the Category/subcategory hierarchy would be to use the subcategories to actually hold the links to their languages, rather than the Prog Lang category; but this approach has many disadvantages IMO: languages could end up in both the category and subcategory, and there would be no equivalent to the current de facto alphabetical list produced by the category (in fact, if we stick to a consistent interpretation of the category elements, we don't need the List of Prog Langs in Alphabetical Order article any more). Furthermore, if a consensus is reached on how to use the subcategories, we might end up not needing the List of Categorical prog langs article either. One more thing... I did remove HQ9plus as a programming language, but left it as an esoteric one, on the grounds that since it is easier to come up with a valid new esoteric language than with a full-blown language entry, eventually we would end up with a Prog Langs category with an overwhelming majority of esoteric mini-langs over the real langs. Please let me know what you think. Have a good day. danakil
 * I think the main reason that we need lists of programming languages is because an article does not exist for each and every language yet. Thus the categories can't create automatic lists that would be complete. Neither can categories organize the languages in a chronological order etc. The problem of languages falling under their specific category and/or the main category is real, though. How would it be decided what languages should have their own sub categories? Etc etc... Maybe we could even setup a new Wikiproject in order to get some standards on programming languages and also get new articles written about as many new languages as possible. Let me know what you think. -ZeroOne 20:51, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * (Btw, I'm moving this thread from my talk page to here. I think it would be logical for the conversation to take place in one Talk-page only and that is the talk-page where the initial message is posted. Maybe you should copy here your replies about those other subjects below, too. -ZeroOne 22:13, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC))

Programming language articles
You're making a gigantic mess of things by renaming all the programming language articles. There is simply no need to do it; for all but a handful, the name is completely unambiguous. Also, the names are actually "BLISS" etc, not "BLISS programming language"; it's like titling an article "Albert Einstein Homo sapiens", when there's never been anyone who's had that as a name. Why not add some content to language articles, instead of making more pointless work for everybody? Stan 20:56, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Danakil, please see Naming conventions (languages). -- nknight 21:09, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * These affect me (and others) by taking up time changing all the links that are now redirects - it's useless busy work that takes precious time away from content and fact-checking. These days, if I move something, I'll go back and edit some or all of the references myself, so as not to put more work on other people - putting my money where my mouth is, so to speak. There's also the aspect of having to explain to newbies how the articles are named opposite to the existing convention, fixing clumsy cut-n-paste attempts to undo the move, etc. Why didn't you just create redirs from the longer forms, as per the longstanding rule? Stan 21:39, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * One more thing - I see you're relatively new here, and by mostly creating new articles (which is great!), you probably haven't stepped on any toes so far. In general, when things look disorganized, it's worthwhile to stop a moment and ask why, instead of assuming all the long-time editors don't know what they're doing. This is partly my fault actually, because at one point I was going to add the redirs from "X programming language", which would reduced the temptation to move articles, but got distracted and forgot. It never hurts to post a couple "this is terrible, I'm going to do something about it!" notes on relevant talk pages and wait a day or two; if someone cares, they'll let you know. By doing a whole bunch of moves, unannounced, on a subject for which policy already exists, you're just about guaranteed to annoy lots of people, most of whom haven't yet logged in to see what's happened. You haven't done anything that's not fixable, and I expect a number of people will take that on over the next week - unless of course you do some fast talking on Naming conventions (languages) and win everybody over to your view before they start reverting. :-) Stan 21:57, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Please don't make any more changes regarding programming language articles! If you disagree with the policy, get the policy changed, don't just ignore it - admins can and will revert all your stuff en masse if they think you're wilfully going against settled policy. It's a Sunday afternoon, the sh*t will hit the fan tomorrow most likely, so my advice is to cool it on the link tinkering for now, and make your case on the policy page. Stan 22:02, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Category:Compiled programming languages
C++ is not a compiled programming language, since there are at least 2 interpreters available for the language. If you mean "languages which can be compiled," I'm really not sure this is a useful distinctian (nearly all languages can be both compiled and interpreted). — Kate | Talk 13:12, 2004 Aug 18 (UTC)
 * You're correct. I created the Compiled subcategory because of the existing Interpreted subcategory, but I should have removed the other one instead (it only has one language in it, and not a canonical one). I'll remove the Compiled/Interpreted distinction. —danakil
 * Ah, I see - yeah, it's probably best to get rid of both. There's a page somewhere explaining this (e.g. why we don't describe Java as a 'bytecode' language), but I forget where exactly...   — Kate | Talk 15:08, 2004 Aug 18 (UTC)

 * Maybe, interpreted programming language? which I tried to clarify this sort of confusion. -- Taku

 * What part of "best to get rid of both" did you fail to understand, Taku? —danakil 06:17, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Hey Danakil. Please go and add your vote here then. Cheers. --ZeroOne 18:53, 18 Sep 2004 (UTC)

'programming language' classifier
Hi. I noticed you reverted some of the prog lang names, and I was wondering if you had read the ongoing discussions regarding the naming of programming languages and, if so, I would be interested to know what you think about the following issues:
 * if there is a shorcut from, say, 'Sather' AND 'Sather (programming language)' to 'Sather programming language', then what are the disadvantages of having a homogenized programming language nomenclature, where all the base articles have the 'programming language' classifier?
 * what do you think about the impact of non-uniform naming in the perceived quality of the product?
 * what's your position on the very large number of current dangling references caused by the fact that some languages are called 'X' and some others 'X programming language' and it is apparently quite difficult to remember which is which?

I'm interested in knowing what you think about these issues. Have a good day. —danakil

 * I have no preference in naming programming language articles. Since we have not yet to reach the consensus to put a programming language suffix to all of the articles, so I made reversion. Once we have reached a new naming convention, I am happy to put a programming language suffix. -- Taku 11:30, Aug 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * OK. So, since you have no preference, we can discount your vote on the issue, correct? And, since you did not comment on my questions, you have nothing to say about them either, correct? —danakil

 * I don't vote and like I said, I don't want to make comments on those issues, though I have my opinion. I just hate that articles title are put out of line. Please feel free to make a change in the naming convention. -- Taku 11:52, Aug 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * Technically, Taku is within his rights to change things to conform to an existing standard, but it's not very politic of him to do so; if we decide to change, then it's still more meaningless work to change everything once again. Unfortunately, it's all too common for editors to edit first and talk second, eh? Stan 06:06, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I made a mistake and proceeded to correct it. Taku's behaviour is in a completely different league, Stan. Please see my recent comments to User:Infrogmation regarding this issue. And, regarding whether or not Takus is technically correct... well, your opinion is compromised due to the fact that you already have a strong point of view on this precise issue, a point of view that does not seem neccessarily shared by all other editors or even sysops. —danakil 06:09, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * What did you think I was going to do, block Taku's IP for the crime of enforcing current policy? You should know by now that there aren't really any options in between letting everybody do anything they want, and either protecting pages from all edits or blocking people from all editing. Taku's practice is not a good one, and it's not the first time he's done it, but only the Arbitration Committee can deal out punishments, and I doubt they'll want to bother in this case (feel free to submit it though). In any case, you get a plus sign by your name for restraining yourself when asked, which people will remember later when you need it, and Taku gets yet another minus sign, which people also remember when evaluating his edits. Stan 21:29, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

'Competing' BASIC categories?
Hi, I noticed the new 'BASIC dialects' category (thanks; it was long overdue), but also a 'BASIC language family' category -- is the latter one to be deleted? I guess the 'dialects' category is the most suitable, or what? --Wernher 01:55, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

(ps: please feel free to reply below, right here on this page; that makes the thread much easier to follow!) --Wernher :-)

 * Hi, Wernher. The intention is for Category:Programming language families to correspond to what has recently been suggested in Talk:Programming language (i.e., C family of languages, etc.) while Category:Programming language dialects to list in one place all the dialects of programming languages that Wikipedia knows but that are not referenced centrally anywhere (i.e., the BASIC dialects are in the BASIC page, some LISP dialects in the Lisp prog lang page and some others in the Common Lisp page, etc.). Regarding APL, for example: APL/360, Sharp APL, Dyalog APL would all go to the dialects category, while K, J, NGL, Nial, A+ would all go to the families category. I'm interested in what you think about this and all else about categorization. —danakil

 * Thanks for the clarification. I fully agree on the categorization scheme suggested in your outline above. I should of course have thought more deeply about the distinction between p.l. dialects and p.l. family members. Anyway, I've now done a little bit of p.l. category work myself re these cats, by adding OPL to the 'BASIC p.l. family', and moved Integer BASIC from that cat to the 'BASIC dialects' one. --Wernher 02:15, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

'programming language' classifier
Thanks for your message. This isn't a field where I am personally knowledgeable, and for more detailed help you might wish to find an administrator who is more familiar with the subject (has one edited any of the articles in question?). I'll just say that I agree that if there is conflict about the classification and ongoing discussion, it is indeed wrong for one editor to make major unilateral changes not generaly accepted by the others interested. It's also inappropriate to make a habit of moving articles without being willing to do the work of taking care of the redirects. Beyond that, I can offer to help revert something that causes a particular mess, or protect a page if it gets to the point of an edit war. If necessary, take your concerns to somewhere like Requests for comment. Best wishes, -- Infrogmation 17:39, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I added the section Requests_for_comment/Danakil at Requests_for_comment. Hope you will defend yourself. -- Taku 03:16, Aug 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * I have better things to do than playing teen fights with you. — danakil 03:26, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Happy and honored to join prog lang. :) AdmN 22:33, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Rlab
Thanks for cleaning up Rlab, I've been meaning to do that for months.-gadfium 01:41, 25 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Glad to be of help. —danakil 01:46, Aug 25, 2004 (UTC)

NGL
Don't even think of undoing another TLA disambig page again - deleting other people's additions like that is called vandalism around here, and can get you banned. Stan 17:43, 25 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I won't. But if any vandalism has been done around here, it has been done by you. A good sysop must show neutrality and wisdom. —danakil 17:47, Aug 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, but I haven't deleted anybody's content, and added some in the process, plus discovered that UnrealScript had been dup'ed without anybody noticing previously. (It would have been noticed had people been following the encyclopedia-wide rules.) Ironically, the reason I added other meanings to NGL was so that some other editor wouldn't come along, see just a redir, and move "NGL programming language" to "NGL". Stan 18:15, 25 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi, D; Hmm. I'm not sure Stan wouldn't talk me out of my position (if you have correctly described his position), so don't count me on your side yet. But IMO that's less important than helping you get on an even keel re relating to your colleagues here.
 * I bring that up immediately bcz another disapproved behavior here (at least in the case of creating articles, and IMO the same principles should apply to editing) is what i would call "ironic editing": making an edit "just to demonstrate a point". The usual case is A disapproves of the retention of an article that B favored, and A writes an analogous article that A expects B to favor deletion of.  The problem is that A has now written an article that A believes should be deleted, "to make a point".  Don't (as you already have) get yourself into the postion where you can't or don't want to defend your own work.
 * I'll look at the situation with the NGL you've mentioned, that User:Stan Shebs objected to, and see whether the issue is as narrow as you've said, and if so try to explore his reasoning. In the meantime, please try to stay out of trouble.  Without trying to be sarcastic, are you sure your time wouldn't, for the moment, be better spent learning the local culture, including but not limited to WP policies, rather than editing for the moment?
 * Full disclosure: i'm another admin (or "sysop"), which is (a) no big deal, there are over 300 of us, and (b) no assurance that i'll sympathize more with him than you (e.g., we don't all know each other; 10 or 20 votes is a typical number to approve a new one; there are a lot of things not specifically covered by written policies; etc.). I just don't want you to feel i led you down the garden path by not mentioning it.
 * --Jerzy(t) 04:16, 2004 Aug 26 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Jerzy. Commenting on your points:
 * I do not recall having described Stan's position, as far as I can see, I limited myself to offering links to the relevant discussions.
 * I am not counting you on my side, as I don't want to have a "side". I only asked you if you would consider doing with the NGL article the same thing you had just done with the TRAC one.
 * I am not here to socialize, but nevertheless, I have remained cool and respectful while a couple of others haven't (see User:Stan Shebs first comment to me, above on this page, he hadn't even taken care of checking out whether or not I had written any content articles). Outside of those two people, the interaction with my Wikipedian colleagues has been very rewarding.
 * No. I have not gotten myself into the position where I can't/don't-want-to defend my own work: the edit I made to the TRAC article is perfectly valid under the light of my reasoning that there should always be a disambig page for prog lang names that refers to the base article named along the [LangName programming language]] pattern. The only thing left to do was to immediately create one of the other 'TRAC' articles. So I stand behind my actions.
 * Thanks for the time you take to look upon the situation. Of course I know there is no assurance. And, in fact, the NGL article issue is not a big deal at all, rather, the problem I see is that sysops are supposed to show more tactful/neutral behaviour than the one I've been experimenting.
 * I am not looking for trouble.
 * No. I had already read most of the documents you mention before I joined Wikipedia as a named member. Besides, I believe I am making a significant number of positive contributions in the area of programming languages and, also, in that of the mesoamerican natural languages. It is not a month that I've begun to edit, and I'm currently ranked 618. Plus I have created a good number of prog lang related articles and practically re-built the Category:Programming languages.
 * Don't worry about me feeling let down: I won't. I'am aware of the rights/limitations of sysops.
 * Thanks again for your kind attention. Have a good day. — danakil 05:04, Aug 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * BTW, it's not the case that I "hadn't even taken care of checking out whether or not I had written any content articles" - I always look over an editor's efforts before commenting to them. I will admit that I was rather irritated at the time, and my remark about creating article content was unnecessarily snarky, sorry. Stan 06:11, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Apology accepted. Thanks for commenting on this. As you probably do yourself, I have no other intent here than to contribute to the Wikipedia to the utmost of my abilities. — danakil 06:21, Aug 26, 2004 (UTC)

weltanschauung map
Hi danakil,

It is possible to give legends for the image of the weltanschauung map. I think a bitmap image could be made, and text could be added through the text box. Not sure whether it would work, but I hope it does. I tried to do it but dont know how to add small type fonts. could you please tell me or try it yourself. besides if there is no other problem with the article then please remove the cleanup tag. Robin klein 14:41, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Most likely, Malintzin's mother tongue was nahuatl
Hi, Danakil: Concerning the nahuatl language article, I agree with the changes that you have made. However, there is enough historical evidence to assert that most likely (it´s risky to say surely) Malintzin's mother tongue was nahuatl. All witness or contemporary historians say that she was the daughter of the 'Tlatoani' of a town (Paynala or Paynalla, near Coatzacoalcos, for Bernal Díaz del Castillo; Viluta, in Jalisco, for Francisco López de Gómara) within the aztec empire and most likely nahuatl speaking, and that she was sold as a slave to a Tabasco 'cacique', maya speakers, after a rather bizarre story, and finally given as a present to Cortés. Most modern historians have doubts about the whole tale (too similar to a chavalry novel -conquistadores loved them!- or to a Biblical story) but accept that Malintzin was of aztec origin. It is difficult to imagine a very young slave of a maya town speaking nahuatl as a second language, so proficiently... A classical reference in English is Prescott's History of the Conquest of Mexico. The story of 'Doña Marina' is told in book 2, chapter V.Vivero 02:45, 29 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * You're correct. Nevertheless, the real extent of the use of Nahuatl as an ubiquituous lingua franca along the whole of Mesoamerica is being seriously re-appreciated as of late (in the sense that it has probably been significantly underappreciated). In any case, the article is about Nahuatl language, and only mentions Malintzin in passing, and even that is done only in the context of her pre-contact bilingualism. Perhaps the paragraph you wrote above should be added to the Malintzin article? Thanks for your comment. — danakil 02:52, Aug 29, 2004 (UTC)

Article renaming?
Why are you renaming articles, e.g. bzip2 to bzip2 (algorithm)? The latter form should only be used when there exist more than one thing called bzip2 so there's a need to disambiguate. Fredrik | talk 10:34, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I was careful to correct all double redirects and you still have the previous way of referring to the article (bzip2), so you can keep working as if nothing had happened. Thus, the only way things change is that now there is an extra field, the classifier "(algorithm)", on the title area (very much like other encyclopaedias do it). On the plus side, now we can have a way to automatically distinguish bettween algorithms and other things on lists of articles. Also, this way we are better prepared to distinguish between the algorithms, the corresponding file formats, and the actual applications that implement them. — danakil 10:39, Aug 31, 2004 (UTC)

If you believe the Wikipedia naming convention should be changed, then you must get others to agree with your idea. Put it up for discussion on Village Pump and/or Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions. I happen to disagree with it. Unless you can get a majority support for this, they articles will have to be moved back, sorry. Fredrik | talk 10:58, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi, Fredrik:
 * I have indeed read Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions and all related info I have been able to find. My opinion (which is shared by at least a few other wikipedians who have expressed themselves on the issue after carefully informing themselves about it) is that the current naming conventions are not clear nor precise nor exhaustive (notice that I am not saying that I disagree with them, that's something else) and thus leave a lot of elbow room for interpretation (and with it, unfortunately, subjective disagreement), which is what you and I are doing now.
 * The particular interpretation you seem to adhere to is: "unless in need of a disambiguating page, all articles must be named in the shortest form possible, removing any classifiers."
 * The particular interpretation I adhere to is: "it is not required to use a classifier in the article's name unless there is a need for disambiguation page."
 * As per your suggestion to bring this topic up for discussion on naming conventions... it has been already done by me and a few other wikipedians in relation to the Programming Language articles, and I am convinced that it won't take us anywhere again for the following reason:
 * Really understanding the implications of this issue takes some reading and some thinking. Not many are willing to do that, whereas many are willing to just express themselves right on the spot when they first happen to stumble on a discussion. The result is that, just like you yourself did above, nobody ever addresses the points we bring to the discussion but, rather, confine themselves to a letany of "this is the naming convention, unless we say that it is not, then that's what we do".
 * So... if seeing the text '(algorithm)' to the right of bzip2 bothers you that much (even though thats what you will pretty much find out everywhere else where encyclopaedic content is listed)... go ahead and feel free to make "bzip2" the main article and "bzip2 (algorithm)" a redirect to it. For you it will certainly make no much difference, except that you will be able to "enforce the manual of style", and for many of us.. the issue will be that we can't distinguish between algorithms, software, and file formats while scanning long lists of articles, and will continue to make many false clicks. I am not ready to go through this issue all over again... so do what you think is what's correct in the spirit of the community that created such a wonderful idea as the Wikipedia. Have a nice day, — danakil 19:04, Aug 31, 2004 (UTC)

Classification by category is a job for the category system. As for distinguishing between things on lists of articles -- where would this be a problem? For the plain "see also"-kind of lists, the answer is that they are an inherently poor way to link to related things -- much better to provide some text. Instead of listing a bunch of file formats by article name, write a little about them and why they're relevant to the subject, or sort them under subheadings.

What about the programming languages articles names? "ABC programming language" is only used over "ABC" if there's something else called "ABC", if that's what you're referring to. Fredrik | talk 17:37, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

fundamental terms - task process etc
I see that you have removed the Category:Computing from some fundamental terms. If you have a design in mind, perhaps you can tell us something about it. Ancheta Wis 10:52, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi, Ancheta. You're right they are fundamental terms. The idea is to extract the computer-science specific versions out of the general articles, and have those included in Cat Computing. The CS-specific ones will point out to the more general terms. And the more general ones will work also (as they are doing now) as a disambig page with main content, though without multiple specific contents other than the main (generic process, generic task). I intend to do that in the next few hours. What do you think? — danakil 18:40, Aug 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * If the disambiguation page points to the original using pages, and if the wiki-linked computing-specific terminology sits on the disambiguation page inside of a sentence, instead of a simple 'see "computing-specific term"' then you have added value. But if the "computing-specific term" loses its place in the disambiguation page, which is how the innovators of the term thought of the concept, then history and etymology are lost. Especially for the word 'task', which arose in the mini-computer world, independently of the word 'process' which seems to be the unix term for the same thing, that nuance is important. It is the link between the real-time OS's like VRTX, pSOS, RDOS and the multi-processing unix picture. I would appreciate it if that is not lost during the deconstruction of the 'task' and 'process' disambiguation pages. It occurred 10-15 years before the PC wave. Ancheta Wis 00:16, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I think I understand what you mean. I'll take a shot at it, and I will appreciate any corrections you make to it, until we obtain something that you are comfortable with. Thanks. — danakil 00:32, Sep 1, 2004 (UTC)

Editor Extraordinaire
Danakil of the Wikipedians, I hearby promote you to the rank of Editor Extraordinaire, with all the privileges and responsibilities it entails. :)

These are your ASCII chevrons: <<<<+>

func(talk) 23:59, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Main Page
Thank you, Danakil! I think I'm going to keep myself at Buck Newbie for a while, although Warrant Newbie sounds a lot cooler. :) func(talk) 02:40, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Data Management Wiki Committee
Thank you for your contribution to one, or more, articles that are now organized under Data management.

Because of your previous intrest, you are recieving an invitation to become a founding member of the Data Management Wiki Committee.

The members, of course, will form and solidify the purpose, rules, officers, etc. but my idea (to kick things off) is to establish a group of us who will take responsiblity to see that the ideas of Data management are promoted and well represented in Wikipedia articles.

If you are willing to join the committee, please go to Category_talk:Data_management and indicate your acceptance of this invitation by placing your three tilde characters in the list.

KeyStroke 01:26, 2004 Sep 25 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. – Ram-Man (comment) (talk)  15:36, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Copyright Violation
User 134.155.68.246 claims to be the author of a C++ implementation of the Quicksort algorithm which you added to that article. He has removed the code already, so nothing more needs to be done if it is, in fact, a violation. I don't think we even need a C++ implementation, but I just wanted to inform you of the situation. Intangir 00:53, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Source for interesting observation
Dear Danakil:

In Agglutinative language you wrote:

 * there seems to exist a preferred evolutionary direction from agglutinative synthetic languages to fusional synthetic languages, and then to non-synthetic languages, which in their turn evolve again into agglutinative synthetic languages.

This is fascinating to me since I've been hoping to write a master's thesis on a similar topic. Do you have a source for this evolutionary observation? Do you know any more about it? Even a book reference would be welcome...

Thanks, Steverapaport 21:34, 26 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Von Neumann programming languages
Having just hit this article as a Random page, I just wanted to praise its succinct lucidity. Good job. --Theo (Talk) 21:46, 28 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Agora Programming Language
I noticed you authored the article on Agora. Can you tell me how you encountered this language? Wouter Lievens 14:31, 18 May 2005 (UTC)

lots of edits, not an admin
Hi - I made a list of users who've been around long enough to have made lots of edits but aren't admins. It looks like you've left, but if you come back and are at all interested in becoming an admin, can you please add an '*' immediately before your name in this list? I've suggested folks nominating someone might want to puruse this list, although there is certainly no guarantee anyone will ever look at it. I've marked you on this list as "inactve". Feel free to update this as well. Thanks. -- Rick Block (talk) July 3, 2005 17:22 (UTC)

Visual Basic Classic Wikibook
I see you have contributed to the Visual Basic article on Wikipedia. Any chance you would like to join in editing the wikibook: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programming:Visual_Basic_Classic? --Kjwhitefoot 08:39, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

Elliott Algol
I'd like to take issue with you over the page 'Elliott Algol' - firstly, you spelled Elliott wrongly - there are two 't's, and secondly you seem to have established a connection between Elliott Algol and Burroughs Extended Algol which doesn't exist. I believe, but I may be wrong, that Burroughs were writing their operating system in Extended Algol around 1961 - at which time Elliott Algol was not available - the first release came out in 1963 (I was one of the first users). It is possible that Elliotts might have made a pre-release available to Burroughs, but I doubt if they would have done that. I haven't made any changes to that page (apart from changing the spelling - with help from someone who was kind enough to explain how it was done) - I'd prefer to leave that to you. bill.p
 * Took a long time to track down who made this stupid change. Danakil apparently has disappeared. Can't contact bill.p since he didn't do a proper sig. I will fix the ALGOL page in due time. --Paleolith (talk) 07:13, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

Please check your WP:NA entry
Greetings, editor! Your name appears on List of non-admins with high edit counts. If you have not done so lately, please take a look at that page and check your listing to be sure that following the particulars are correct: Thank you, and have a wiki wiki day! BD2412 T 04:14, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
 * 1) If you are an admin, please remove your name from the list.
 * 2) If you are currently interested in being considered for adminship, please be sure your name is in bold; if you are opposed to being considered for adminship, please cross out your name (but do not delete it, as it will automatically be re-added in the next page update).
 * 3) Please check to see if you are in the right category for classification by number of edits.

201.135.18.50's claims
I have removed's 201.135.18.50's claims of Danakil's (your) return, dated December 26, 2005. Harryboyles 08:35, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

WP:COMPUTING Invitation
I have noticed that you are already a member of a related project and thought you might be interested in this wikiproject also and hence leaving this note ... - From the outreach dept

CfD nomination of Category:JavaScript programming language
I have nominated javascript programming language for renaming to javascript. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. Apoc2400 (talk) 21:13, 30 March 2010 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of Water (programming language)
I have nominated Water (programming language), an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Water (programming language). Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. Joe Chill (talk) 00:30, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

Nomination of Afnix (programming language) for deletion
The article Afnix (programming language) is being discussed concerning whether it is suitable for inclusion as an article according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Nomination of Alma-0 for deletion
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Nomination of Alma-0 for deletion
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Proposed deletion of A+ (programming language)

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Nomination of Abel (programming language) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Abel (programming language) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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Nomination of FISh (programming language) for deletion
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Proposed deletion of M (programming language)

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Proposed deletion of Lingo (Christian rapper)

The article Lingo (Christian rapper) has been proposed for deletion because it appears to have no references. Under Wikipedia policy, this newly created biography of a living person will be deleted unless it has at least one reference to a reliable source that directly supports material in the article.   The nominator also raised the following concern:
 * All biographies of living people created after March 18, 2010, must have references.

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Nomination of Scalar programming for deletion
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Proposed deletion of GCA (file format)

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Proposed deletion of Hope (programming language)

The article Hope (programming language) has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Unnotable programming language. Fails WP:GNG, WP:NSOFT.

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Nomination of Bon (programming language) for deletion
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Zeno (programming language)

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Nomination of Aldor for deletion
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Proposed deletion of Snowball (programming language)

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Proposed deletion of F-Script (programming language)

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Nomination of Alma-0 for deletion
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Nomination of M2001 for deletion
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Nomination of Zeno (programming language) for deletion
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title: User talk:Danakil


text:
User:Idanwaisman

I am a noodle, a Twisted Noodle.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Idanwaisman


text:
Paddle (game controller)

A paddle is a game controller with a round wheel and one or more fire buttons, where the wheel is typically used to control movement of the player object along one axis of the video screen. A paddle controller rotates through a fixed arc (usually about 330 degrees); it has a stop at each end.

The name paddle is derived from the first game that used it, Pong,, being a video game simulation of table tennis, whose racquets are commonly called paddles. Even though the simulated paddles appeared on-screen (as small line segments), it was the hand controllers used to move the line segments that actually came to bear the name.

Some famous video games using paddles are Pong, Breakout, and Night Driver.

Design
The paddle wheel is usually mechanically coupled to a potentiometer, so as to generate an output voltage level varying with the wheel's angle relative to a fixed reference position. A paddle is thus an absolute position controller. That is, without any previous knowledge, the sensor can be read and the result directly indicates the position of the paddle knob. This is in contrast to a rotary encoder-based device or "spinner".

Applications

Paddles first appeared in video arcade games with Atari Inc.'s Pong in 1972, while the first console to use paddles was Magnavox's Odyssey that same year. The Apple II shipped with paddles until 1980. The Atari 2600 used paddles for several of its games, as did early home computers such as the VIC-20. True (potentiometer-based) paddles are almost never employed any more because they stop reading accurately when the potentiometer contacts get dirty or worn, because turning them too far can break them and because they require more-expensive analog sensing, whereas quadrature encoder-based controllers can be sensed digitally. Any recent game that has paddle-type control uses a quadrature encoder instead, even if the game uses paddles on screen (like Arkanoid).

Similar controllers

On the Atari 2600, the paddle controllers look very similar to the driving controllers. The driving controllers emulated the steering wheel controls found in contemporary games, where one spun the wheel to cause the car to turn one direction or the other, and stopped the spinning to drive straight. The driving controllers for Atari consoles operated in the same way, although they did not have a wheel, the controller was reduced to a single large knob identical to the one on the paddles.

In comparison to the driving controllers, paddle controllers rotate just under one full rotation before hitting a hard stop. They also come in pairs that plug into a single port, whereas the driving controllers were one to a port. Finally, they have a picture of a tennis racquet and the word "paddle" on it, as opposed to a racing car and the word "driving". Because two controllers connect to each port and the 2600 has two controller ports, four players simultaneously can play in games that support it. The Atari paddles are also compatible with the Atari 8-bit computers, which initially had four controller ports allowing eight paddles. Super Breakout is one example that supported up to 8 players.

Atari also offered driving controllers for use with games like Indy 500, which requires wheels that can spin around continuously in one direction. Driving controllers have a picture of a car and the word "driving" on it and a single controller attaches to each controller port. The driving controller is not compatible with paddle games. Like a mechanical computer mouse, the driving controller is a quadrature encoder-based device and thus only sensed relative position, not absolute position. This controller is functionally identical to the spin-dial controller used in Atari's Tempest arcade game. Since only one controller attaches to each port, only two people can play driving games simultaneously.

Several similar relative spinner controllers have emerged as part of the home-built arcade cabinet scene to facilitate play of such games as Tempest, including spinners from Oscar Controls and the SlikStik Tornado spinner. These devices are typically made to plug directly into a computer as a single-axis mouse.

title: Paddle (game controller)


text:
Benjamin Guinness

Sir Benjamin Lee Guinness, 1st Baronet (1 November 1798 – 19 May 1868) was an Irish brewer and philanthropist.

Brewer
Born in Dublin, he was the third son of the second Arthur Guinness (1768–1855), and his wife Anne Lee, and a grandson of the first Arthur (1725–1803), who had bought the St. James's Gate Brewery in 1759. He joined his father in the business in his late teens, without attending university, and from 1839 he took sole control within the family. From 1855, when his father died, Guinness had become the richest man in Ireland, having built up a huge export trade and by continually enlarging his brewery.

In numbers, sales of his single and double stouts had been 78,000 hogsheads in 1855, which he nearly trebled to 206,000 hogsheads in 1865. Of these, some 112,000 were sold in Ireland, as the rural economy recovered from the Great Famine of the 1840s, and 94,000 were exported to Britain.

By 1870, soon after his death, sales had risen further to 256,000 hogsheads, of which 120,000 were exported to Britain. Benjamin had also created the capacity for his sons to expand sales much further, and by 1879 these reached 565,000 hogsheads.

As a part of the brewery expansion, and to ensure deliveries, he invested in the new Irish railway companies from the 1840s. By 1867 the firm owned £86,000-worth of Irish railway stock (worth over £135m in 2013 values, taken as a share of GDP).

Dublin politician
In 1851 he was elected the first Lord Mayor of Dublin under the reformed corporation.

In 1863 he was made an honorary LL.D. (Doctor of Laws) by Trinity College Dublin, and on 15 April 1867 was created a baronet by patent, in addition to which, on 18 May 1867, by royal licence, he had a grant of supporters to his family arms.

Guinness was elected to the House of Commons in 1865 as a Conservative representative for Dublin City, serving until his death. His party's leader was Lord Derby. Previously he had supported the Liberal Lord Palmerston, but in the 1860s the Liberals proposed higher taxation on drinks such as beer. Before 1865 the Irish Conservative Party did not entirely support British conservative policy, but did so after the Irish Church Act 1869. The government's most notable reform was the Reform Act 1867 that expanded the franchise.

Philanthropist
From 1860 to 1865, he undertook at his own expense, and without hiring an architect, the restoration of the city's St Patrick's Cathedral, an enterprise that cost him over £150,000. In 1865 the building was restored to the dean and chapter, and reopened for services on 24 February. The citizens of Dublin and the dean and chapter of St. Patrick's presented him with addresses on 31 December 1865, expressive of their gratitude for what he had done for the city. The addresses were in two volumes, which were afterwards exhibited at the Paris Exhibition.

In recognition of his generosity, he was made a baronet in 1867. He was one of the ecclesiastical commissioners for Ireland, a governor of Simpson's Hospital, and vice-chairman of the Dublin Exhibition Palace. He died the following year at his Park Lane London home. At the time of his death he was engaged in the restoration of Archbishop Marsh's public library, a building which adjoins St. Patrick's Cathedral, which was finished by his son Arthur.

He showed his practical interest in Irish archæology by carefully preserving the antiquarian remains existing on his large estates around Ashford Castle in County Galway, which he bought in 1855. Nearby Cong Abbey was well-known, and the famous Cross of Cong had been moved to a Dublin museum in 1839.

Family

On 24 February 1837 he married his first cousin Elizabeth Guinness, third daughter of Edward Guinness of Dublin, and they had three sons and a daughter, living at Beaumont House, Beaumont, in north County Dublin. In 1856 he bought what is now Iveagh House at 80 St Stephen's Green. Ashford Castle was described in William Wilde's book on Lough Corrib in the 1860s.

He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son, Arthur, who took over the brewery with his brother, the third son, Edward. His second son Benjamin (1842–1900) married Henrietta, daughter of Thomas St Lawrence, 3rd Earl of Howth; they moved to England where he was a Captain in the Royal Horse Guards. His daughter Anne married William, Lord Plunket in 1863. The present-day Guinness Baronets descend from his second son Benjamin with their son Algernon Arthur St. Lawrence Lee Guinness (1883-1954) becoming Sir Algernon, 3rd Baronet on the death of his childless uncle, Lord Ardilaun in 1915.

He was buried in Mount Jerome Cemetery, Dublin, in the family vault, on 27 May. His personalty was sworn under £1,100,000 on 8 August 1868. A bronze statue of him by John Foley was erected by the Cathedral Chapter in St. Patrick's churchyard, on the south side of the cathedral, in September 1875, which was restored in 2006.

title: Benjamin Guinness


text:
User talk:Rukawa~enwiki

Hi there. Welcome to Wikipedia! I saw your work at Australian Embassy, Tokyo and John McCarthy (ambassador). Good stuff. I hope you like it here and stick around to write more.

Before you start doing a lot of editing, you might want to take the Tutorial. It gives a lot of basic info you'll need as you start contributing. If you want, you can drop us a note at New user log to introduce yourself.

You can sign your name on talk pages by using " " for your username and " ~ " for your username and a timestamp.

If you have any other questions about the project then check out Help or add a question to the Help desk. You can also drop me a question on my talk page.

Happy editing, Isomorphic 02:26, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Image:Australian Embassy Tokyo.jpg
Hi! Thanks for uploading Image:Australian Embassy Tokyo.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much,   – Quadell (talk) (help)   03:09, Nov 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * The same is true for Image:John_doherty.jpg SeanMack 3 July 2005 13:27 (UTC)

GFDL tag on Image:Calvert98 s.jpg
You tagged this image as gfdl. I'm afraid I want to see some evidence of a gfdl release. I suspect you should have tagged this image with promophoto or fairuse. gfdl should be only used for your own images and those which the creator has explicitly released under the gfdl. Please ask me if you have questions about this Zeimusu | (Talk page) 04:43, August 12, 2005 (UTC)

License
Thank you for your contributions to wikipedia. All content you provide must be covered under a suitably free license, and non-comercial use only is not suitably free. I've listed Ashton Calvert as a copyright violation. Matt 03:20, 15 August 2005 (UTC)
 * p.s. you can contact the authors at http://www.ag.gov.au/cca and ask them to license the information under GFDL. Matt 03:21, 15 August 2005 (UTC)
 * ok, it's getting late, I've gone through some of your contributions and marked those that have been most obviously copied from other sites. Also, with your images, you must include the source of the image. if you took the picture yourself, then say so on the image description page, if you downloaded it from a website, then include the url of the website. Thank you. Matt 04:01, 15 August 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Calvert98.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Calvert98.jpg. The image has been identified as not specifying the source and creator of the image, which is required by Wikipedia's policy on images. If you don't indicate the source and creator of the image on the image's description page, it may be deleted some time in the next seven days.

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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see User talk:Carnildo/images. 16:05, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

Image:John doherty.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:John doherty.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

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 * 2) On the image discussion page, write the reason why this image is not replaceable at all.

Alternatively, you can also choose to replace the fair use image by finding a freely licensed image of its subject, requesting that the copyright holder release this (or a similar) image under a free license, or by taking a picture of it yourself.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified how these images fully satisfy our fair use criteria. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on [ this link]. Note that any fair use images which are replaceable by free-licensed alternatives will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Daniel.Bryant [ T · C ] 11:21, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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title: User talk:Rukawa~enwiki


text:
Greenwood, Seattle

Greenwood is a neighborhood in north central Seattle, Washington, United States. The intersection of Greenwood Avenue North and North 85th Street is the commercial center. Greenwood is known for its numerous bars, restaurants, coffee houses, theatres and specialty stores. Greenwood's main thoroughfares are Greenwood Avenue North and N. 85th streets.

Since 1993 the neighborhood has hosted the "Greenwood Car Show" on the last Saturday in June. Another annual event is the "Greenwood Seafair Parade", held on the fourth Wednesday in July. Both events draw tens of thousands of visitors to the neighborhood.

Boundaries
The generally accepted boundaries are Aurora Avenue N (State Route 99) to the east, beyond which lies Licton Springs; N 105th Street/Holman Road to the north, beyond which lie Broadview and Bitter Lake; 8th Avenue NW to the west, beyond which lies Crown Hill, and N 75th Street to the south, beyond which lies Phinney Ridge. The division between Greenwood and Phinney Ridge is nebulous; the two neighborhoods plan events jointly.

Schools and public services
Greenwood is served by the North Cluster of the Seattle Public Schools. No high school is located within the North Cluster but Nathan Hale, Roosevelt, Ballard, and Ingraham are all nearby. Schools in Greenwood include Greenwood Elementary and St. John Catholic School.

The neighborhood has had its own branch of the Seattle Public Library since 1928. The current Greenwood branch building was completed in 2005 and renovated in spring 2017. Recreation areas maintained by the City of Seattle include Sandel Park and Greenwood Park. Greenwood has its own post office, which shares zip code 98103 with the larger Wallingford branch.

Geological issues
The heart of Greenwood lies atop a peat deposit, also known as a bog. The area was molded into a bowl shape after the last glacial retreat, that was in turn, filled with runoff of dead plants that created the peat bog.

When groundwater is removed, the peat compresses, causing building settlement that cannot be undone. Commercial development has created an impervious surface and diverted rainwater to city sewers. On August 22, 2008, the city added peat bogs to the list of Environmentally Critical Areas. This is intended to encourage building techniques that would stabilize the ground water and reduce building settlement in the neighborhood.

Greenwood has areas where streets and sidewalks have also been damaged due to irregular settlement. In 2012 the city of Seattle rebuilt North 85th Street and repaved much of Greenwood Avenue North. Many sidewalks along these streets were also repaired, though evidence of prior damage can still be seen.

History
Originally named Woodland, the neighborhood became Greenwood in 1907. Greenwood Avenue carried city streetcar and Seattle-Everett interurban passenger railroad traffic during the first half of the twentieth century.

The section of the neighborhood north of 85th Street was annexed to the city of Seattle in 1954. Residents of the area who voted for annexation expected that the city would build sidewalks. However, many residential streets north of 85th Street are still without sidewalks.

2009 arson investigation
In 2009, the heart of Greenwood experienced several dramatic arson fires. On August 13, a house fire seriously injured a man and caused $170,000 damage. The largest fire, on October 23, burned a building to the ground on N 85th Street in the neighborhood center. Four businesses were destroyed: the Green Bean Coffee house; Phở Tic Tac; Szechuan Bistro; and C.C. Teriyaki. This fire also caused significant damage to a neighboring historic building housing the Taproot Theatre Company. A $10,000 reward was offered.

Two fires occurred on November 5 and three more on November 9. The most severe of these caused $20,000 worth of damage and forced the closure of the Olive You restaurant. On November 13, Seattle police arrested a 46-year-old homeless man who frequented the neighborhood. The suspect had been spotted at the scene of three previous fires. He initially pleaded innocent to 12 charges, but changed his plea to guilty and was sentenced to 30 years in prison.

2016 explosion
Early on the morning of Wednesday, March 9, 2016, a natural gas leak caused a massive explosion, destroying three small buildings on Greenwood Avenue just south of North 85th Street and injuring several firefighters. The businesses lost were Neptune Coffee (8415), Mr. Gyros (restaurant) (8411), and a Quick Stop convenience store (8409). The damage was estimated at $3 million; many other buildings in the area also had broken windows and other damage.

Notable people

 * Michael McGinn, Former Mayor of Seattle (2010 - 2013)

title: Greenwood, Seattle


text:
Parastatistics

In quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics, parastatistics is a hypothetical alternative to the established particle statistics models (Bose–Einstein statistics, Fermi–Dirac statistics and Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics). Other alternatives include anyonic statistics and braid statistics, both of these involving lower spacetime dimensions. Herbert S. Green is credited with the creation of parastatistics in 1953. The particles predicted by parastatistics have not been experimentally observed.

Formalism
Consider the operator algebra of a system of N identical particles. This is a *-algebra. There is an SN group (symmetric group of order N) acting upon the operator algebra with the intended interpretation of permuting the N particles. Quantum mechanics requires focus on observables having a physical meaning, and the observables would have to be invariant under all possible permutations of the N particles. For example, in the case N = 2, R2 − R1 cannot be an observable because it changes sign if we switch the two particles, but the distance between the two particles : |R2 − R1| is a legitimate observable.

In other words, the observable algebra would have to be a *-subalgebra invariant under the action of SN (noting that this does not mean that every element of the operator algebra invariant under SN is an observable). This allows different superselection sectors, each parameterized by a Young diagram of SN.

In particular:

 * For N identical parabosons of order p (where p is a positive integer), permissible Young diagrams are all those with p or fewer rows.
 * For N identical parafermions of order p, permissible Young diagrams are all those with p or fewer columns.
 * If p is 1, this reduces to Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac statistics respectively.
 * If p is arbitrarily large (infinite), this reduces to Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics.

Trilinear relations
There are creation and annihilation operators satisfying the trilinear commutation relations

$$\left[ a_k, \left[ a_l^\dagger, a_m \right]_{\pm}\right]_- = [a_k,a_l^\dagger]_{\mp}a_m \pm a_l^\dagger \left[ a_k, a_m \right]_{\mp} \pm [a_k,a_m]_{\mp}a_l^\dagger+a_m \left[ a_k, a_l^\dagger \right]_{\mp}= 2\delta_{kl}a_m$$

$$\left[ a_k, \left[ a_l^\dagger, a_m^\dagger \right]_{\pm}\right]_- =\left[a_k,a_l^\dagger\right]_{\mp}a_m^\dagger \pm a_l^\dagger \left[ a_k, a_m^\dagger \right]_{\mp} \pm \left[a_k, a_m^\dagger\right]_{\mp} a_l^\dagger + a_m^\dagger \left[ a_k, a_l^\dagger \right]_{\mp}= 2\delta_{kl}a_m^\dagger \pm 2\delta_{km}a_l^\dagger$$

$$\left[ a_k, \left[ a_l, a_m \right]_{\pm}\right]_- = [a_k,a_l]_{\mp}a_m \pm a_l \left[ a_k, a_m \right]_{\mp} \pm [a_k,a_m]_{\mp}a_l + a_m \left[ a_k, a_l \right]_{\mp} = 0$$

Quantum field theory
A paraboson field of order p, $\phi(x)=\sum_{i=1}^p \phi^{(i)}(x)$ where if x and y are spacelike-separated points, $$[\phi^{(i)}(x),\phi^{(i)}(y)]=0$$ and $$\{\phi^{(i)}(x),\phi^{(j)}(y)\}=0$$ if $$i\neq j$$ where [,] is the commutator and {,} is the anticommutator. Note that this disagrees with the spin-statistics theorem, which is for bosons and not parabosons. There might be a group such as the symmetric group Sp acting upon the φ(i)s. Observables would have to be operators which are invariant under the group in question. However, the existence of such a symmetry is not essential.

A parafermion field $\psi(x)=\sum_{i=1}^p \psi^{(i)}(x)$ of order p, where if x and y are spacelike-separated points, $$\{\psi^{(i)}(x),\psi^{(i)}(y)\}=0$$ and $$[\psi^{(i)}(x),\psi^{(j)}(y)]=0$$ if $$i\neq j$$. The same comment about observables would apply together with the requirement that they have even grading under the grading where the ψs have odd grading.

The parafermionic and parabosonic algebras are generated by elements that obey the commutation and anticommutation relations. They generalize the usual fermionic algebra and the bosonic algebra of quantum mechanics. The Dirac algebra and the Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau algebra appear as special cases of the parafermionic algebra for order p = 1 and p = 2, respectively.

Explanation
Note that if x and y are spacelike-separated points, φ(x) and φ(y) neither commute nor anticommute unless p=1. The same comment applies to ψ(x) and ψ(y). So, if we have n spacelike separated points x1, ..., xn,

 * $$\phi(x_1)\cdots \phi(x_n)|\Omega\rangle$$

corresponds to creating n identical parabosons at x1,..., xn. Similarly,

 * $$\psi(x_1)\cdots \psi(x_n)|\Omega\rangle$$

corresponds to creating n identical parafermions. Because these fields neither commute nor anticommute

 * $$\phi(x_{\pi(1)})\cdots \phi(x_{\pi(n)})|\Omega\rangle$$

and

 * $$\psi(x_{\pi(1)})\cdots \psi(x_{\pi(n)})|\Omega\rangle$$

gives distinct states for each permutation π in Sn.

We can define a permutation operator $$\mathcal{E}(\pi)$$ by

 * $$\mathcal{E}(\pi)\left[\phi(x_1)\cdots \phi(x_n)|\Omega\rangle\right]=\phi(x_{\pi^{-1}(1)})\cdots \phi(x_{\pi^{-1}(n)})|\Omega\rangle$$

and

 * $$\mathcal{E}(\pi)\left[\psi(x_1)\cdots \psi(x_n)|\Omega\rangle\right]=\psi(x_{\pi^{-1}(1)})\cdots \psi(x_{\pi^{-1}(n)})|\Omega\rangle$$

respectively. This can be shown to be well-defined as long as $$\mathcal{E}(\pi)$$ is only restricted to states spanned by the vectors given above (essentially the states with n identical particles). It is also unitary. Moreover, $$\mathcal{E}$$ is an operator-valued representation of the symmetric group Sn and as such, we can interpret it as the action of Sn upon the n-particle Hilbert space itself, turning it into a unitary representation.

title: Parastatistics


text:
Harold Reynolds

Harold Craig Reynolds (born November 26, 1960) is an American former professional baseball player and current television sports commentator. He played in Major League Baseball as a second baseman from 1983 to 1994, most prominently as a member of the Seattle Mariners, where he was a two-time All-Star player and a three-time Gold Glove Award winner. He also played for the Baltimore Orioles and the California Angels. In 1991, Reynolds was named the recipient of the prestigious Roberto Clemente Award. After his playing career, he became a four-time Emmy Award winning television baseball analyst, working for the MLB Network and Fox Sports.

High school
Born in Eugene, Oregon, Reynolds was raised in Corvallis and starred in football, basketball, and baseball at Corvallis High School. He was a member of the state championship (AAA) football team in 1978, graduated in 1979, and was inducted into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame in 1998. He was a member of Corvallis' American Legion baseball team that won state and regional titles in August 1978.

College
Reynolds was selected in the sixth round (144th overall) of the 1979 MLB draft by the San Diego Padres on June 5. He opted not to sign and attended college initially at San Diego State University before transferring to Cañada College in Redwood City, California. In the 1980 MLB draft on June 3, Reynolds was selected with the second pick of the amateur draft's secondary phase by the Seattle Mariners.

On June 1, 2013, Reynolds was inducted into the Cañada College Hall of Fame and was presented with the "Colts Lifetime Achievement Award".

Professional career
Reynolds spent several seasons in the minor leagues, playing for the Wausau Timbers (A) in Wisconsin in 1981, Lynn Sailors (AA) in Massachusetts in 1982, and Salt Lake Gulls (AAA) in Utah in 1983, prior to his major league debut on September 2, 1983. In his major league debut, Reynolds appeared as a pinch runner for Ken Phelps in the ninth inning of a 5–4 loss to the New York Yankees. During his time in the minors, Reynolds learned how to switch hit by working with minor league manager and former Cincinnati Reds catcher Bill Plummer. The following season, he played AAA ball in Salt Lake before being called up again in September 1984. Reynolds exceeded his rookie limits during the 1985 season and batted .144 with 3 RBI in 67 games. The next season, Reynolds appeared in over 100 games for the first time. He finished the season batting .222 with a home run, 24 RBI and 30 stolen bases in 126 games. Reynolds was an All-Star in 1987 and 1988, led the American League in stolen bases with 60 in 1987, in triples with 11 in 1988, and in at-bats with 642 in 1990. He was the only player other than Rickey Henderson to lead the American League in stolen bases during any season in the 1980s. However, Reynolds was also caught stealing 20 times in 1987, which led the AL, and he was caught 29 times in 1988, which led the majors. On defense, Reynolds won three Gold Glove Awards and led the American League in assists and double plays five times each. In 1986, he played in Puerto Rico with the Mayagüez Indians.

On September 30, 1990, Reynolds was the last man to bat at Comiskey Park. He grounded out against Chicago White Sox pitcher Bobby Thigpen to close out a 2–1 White Sox win.

In 1991, Reynolds won the Roberto Clemente Award, given annually to a Major League Baseball player selected for his character and charitable contributions to his community. On October 26, 1992, Reynolds was granted free agency. He signed a one-year, $1.65 million contract with the Baltimore Orioles on December 11, 1992. He played in 145 games with the Orioles, batting .252 with four home runs and 47 RBI. After one season with the Orioles, he again entered free agency on October 29, 1993. Reynolds signed a minor league contract with the San Diego Padres on January 28, 1994, before being traded to the California Angels on March 29 for Hilly Hathaway. The 1994 season was Reynolds' final season in the major leagues.

Reynolds led the league in double plays turned by a second baseman five times and in errors committed by a second baseman four times, and won three Gold Glove awards for his play at second base.

Broadcasting

Reynolds joined ESPN in 1996 as a lead studio analyst on Baseball Tonight. He appeared at major baseball events on the ESPN set, including the All-Star Game and the World Series. He also was a commentator for ESPN's coverage of the College World Series and Little League World Series. However, he was fired from the network in July 2006 following accusations of sexual harassment. Reynolds called the incident "a total misunderstanding," claiming that a hug he had given a woman had been misinterpreted. Reynolds filed a $5 million lawsuit against ESPN for payment of the remainder of his contract. ESPN settled the case with Reynolds in April 2008, and paid him a seven-figure sum.

Reynolds joined MLB.com as a commentator in June 2007. In April 2008, he joined Mets pre-game and post-game coverage on SportsNet New York as a baseball commentator. Reynolds also worked with TBS on their Sunday baseball telecasts, as well as the 2008 MLB playoffs.

Reynolds has been an analyst on MLB Network since its launch in January 2009. Reynolds regularly appears on MLB Tonight, Quick Pitch, Diamond Demo and MLB Network's breaking news and special event coverage, including the All-Star Game, Postseason and World Series. He was nominated for a Sports Emmy Award for his work as a studio analyst on MLB Network in 2011, 2012 and 2013.

Reynolds became a member of the MLB on Fox pregame show in 2012, which at the time was being produced out of MLB Network's studios. Reynolds worked on Fox's pregame show for two years alongside Matt Vasgersian and Kevin Millar. After the 2013 season, Reynolds, along with Tom Verducci, was promoted to join Joe Buck on the network's top broadcast team following the retirement of lead analyst Tim McCarver, which lasted for two seasons until the duo was replaced by John Smoltz in 2016.

Personal life
Reynolds is a Christian and is the youngest of eight children. His brother Don Reynolds is a former outfielder who played parts of two seasons with the San Diego Padres.

title: Harold Reynolds


text:
Papillon (book)

Papillon (, lit. "butterfly") is a novel written by Henri Charrière, first published in France on 30 April 1969. Papillon is Charrière's nickname. The novel details Papillon's purported incarceration and subsequent escape from the French penal colony of French Guiana, and covers a 14-year period between 1931 and 1945. While Charrière claimed that Papillon was largely true, modern researchers believe that much of the book’s material came from other inmates, rather than Charrière himself.

Synopsis
The book is an account of a 14-year period in Papillon's life (October 26, 1931 to October 18, 1945), beginning when he was wrongly convicted of murder in France and sentenced to a life of hard labor at the Bagne de Cayenne, the penal colony of Cayenne in French Guiana known as Devil's Island. He eventually escaped from the colony and settled in Venezuela, where he lived and prospered.

After a brief stay at a prison in Caen, Papillon was put aboard a vessel bound for South America, where he learned about the brutal life that prisoners endured at the prison colony. Violence and murders were common among the convicts. Men were attacked for many reasons, including money, which most kept in a charger (a hollow metal cylinder concealed in the rectum; also known as a plan d'evasion, plan, or "escape suppository"). Papillon befriended Louis Dega, a former banker convicted of counterfeiting. He agreed to protect Dega from attackers trying to get his charger.

Upon arriving at the penal colony, Papillon claimed to be ill and was sent to the infirmary. There he collaborated with two men, Clousiot and André Maturette, to escape from the prison. They planned to use a sailboat acquired with the help of the associated leper colony at an island near Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. The Maroni River carried them to the Atlantic Ocean, and they sailed to the northwest, reaching Trinidad.

In Trinidad the trio were joined by three other escapees; they were aided by a British family, the Dutch bishop of Curaçao, and several others. Nearing the Colombian coastline, the escapees were sighted. The wind died and they were captured and imprisoned again.

In Colombian prison, Papillon joined with another prisoner to escape. Some distance from the prison, the two went their separate ways. Papillon entered the Guajira peninsula, a region dominated by Amerindians. He was assimilated into a coastal village whose specialty was pearl diving. There he married two teenage sisters and impregnated both. After spending several months in relative paradise, Papillon decided to seek vengeance against those who had wronged him.

Soon after leaving the village, Papillon was captured and imprisoned at Santa Marta, then transferred to Barranquilla. There, he was reunited with Clousiot and Maturette. Papillon made numerous escape attempts from this prison, all of which failed. He was eventually extradited to French Guiana.

As punishment, Papillon was sentenced to two years of solitary confinement on Île Saint-Joseph (an island in the Îles du Salut group, 11 kilometers (7 miles) from the French Guiana coast). Clousiot and Maturette were given the same sentence. Upon his release, Papillon was transferred to Royal Island (also an island in the Îles du Salut group). An escape attempt was foiled by an informant (whom Papillon stabbed to death). Papillon had to endure another 19 months of solitary confinement. His original sentence of eight years was reduced after Papillon risked his life to save a girl caught in shark-infested waters.

After French Guiana officials decided to support the pro-Nazi Vichy Regime, the penalty for escape attempts was death, or capital punishment. Papillon decided to feign insanity in order to be sent to the asylum on Royal Island. Insane prisoners could not be sentenced to death for any reason, and the asylum was not as heavily guarded as Devil's Island. He collaborated on another escape attempt but it failed; the other prisoner drowned when their boat was destroyed against rocks. Papillon nearly died as well.

Papillon returned to the regular prisoner population on Royal Island after being "cured" of his mental illness. He asked to be transferred to Devil's Island, the smallest and considered the most "inescapable" island in the Îles de Salut group. Papillon studied the waters and discovered possibilities at a rocky inlet surrounded by a high cliff. He noticed that every seventh wave was large enough to carry a floating object far enough out into the sea that it would drift toward the mainland. He experimented by throwing sacks of coconuts into the inlet.

He found another prisoner to accompany him, a pirate named Sylvain. He had sailed in southeast Asia, where he was known to raid ships, killing everyone aboard for their money and goods. The two men jumped into the inlet, using sacks of coconuts for flotation. The seventh wave carried them out into the ocean. After days of drifting under the relentless sun, surviving on coconut pulp, they made landfall at the mainland. Sylvain sank in quicksand after having abandoned his coconut sack.

On the mainland, Papillon encountered Cuic Cuic, who had built a hut on an "island". The hut was set on solid ground surrounded by quicksand; Cuic Cuic depended on a pig to find the safe route over the quicksand. The men and the pig made their way to Georgetown, British Guiana, by boat. Papillon decided to continue to the northwest in the company of five other escapees. Reaching Venezuela, the men were captured and imprisoned at mobile detention camps in the vicinity of El Dorado, a small mining town near the Gran Sabana region. Surviving harsh conditions there, and finding diamonds, Papillon was eventually released. He gained Venezuelan citizenship and celebrity status a few years later.

The impact of Papillon
The book was an immediate sensation and bestseller, achieving widespread fame and critical acclaim. Upon publication it spent 21 weeks as number 1 bestseller in France, with more than 1.5 million copies sold in France alone. 239 editions of the book have since been published worldwide, in 21 different languages.

The book was first published in France by Robert Laffont in 1969, and first published in Great Britain by Rupert Hart-Davis in 1970, with an English translation by Patrick O'Brian. The book was adapted for a Hollywood film of the same name in 1973, starring Steve McQueen and Dustin Hoffman, as well as another in 2017, starring Charlie Hunnam and Rami Malek. Charrière also published a sequel to Papillon, called Banco, in 1973.

Papillon has been described as "The greatest adventure story of all time" (Auguste Le Breton) and "A modern classic of courage and excitement" (Janet Flanner, The New Yorker).

Adaptations

 * Papillon (1973), film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner
 * Papillon (2017), film directed by Michael Noer, based on novels Papillon and Banco
 * Italian comics artist Carlos Pedrazzini adapted Papillon into a comic book, published by El Tony.

Editions

 * ISBN 0-06-093479-4 (560 pages; English; paperback; published by Harper Perennial; July 1, 2001)
 * ISBN 0-246-63987-3 (566 pages; English; hardcover; published by Hart-Davis Macgibbon Ltd; January, 1970)
 * ISBN 0-85456-549-3 (250 pages; English; large-print hardcover; published by Ulverscroft Large Print; October, 1976)
 * ISBN 0-613-49453-9 (English; school and library binding; published by Rebound by Sagebrush; August, 2001)
 * ISBN 0-7366-0108-2 (English; audio cassette; published by Books on Tape, Inc.; March 1, 1978)

title: Papillon (book)


text:
User:Minorbob

Hi, I live in Woolloomooloo, NSW, Australia and have just started making edits in July 2004.

title: User:Minorbob