text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Papal election

Papal election
(Uncontested -- 17 July)

Self-nomination. The page was at "conclave," but I have moved it because the article now covers pre-conclave elections as well. -- Emsworth 23:27, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. 172 17:28, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Well-written and informative. Satori 21:46, Jul 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Object: needs fuller captions. Other than that I support it.  195.167.169.36 13:11, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't see a need for a fuller caption for "folded ballot paper." That paper is shown to illustrate the notes; essentially, the notes are the caption. In any event, I think anyone can see the relevance of a ballot paper to the election. For the Camerlengo proclaiming a papal death, again the caption explains the relevance sufficiently, IMHO. The only problem is with the Sistine Chapel picture, which I have just addressed. -- Emsworth 14:31, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * This is slightly off topic, but do we allow unsigned votes here? I think we should adopt the same policy as VFD, and only allow signed votes, to avoid dupes. - DropDeadGorgias (talk) 19:57, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * FAC is not a vote. Anyone can list improvements that should be made before an article is featured. Pcb21| Pete 23:52, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Very interesting article. Chris 73 | Talk 13:28, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Fascinating stuff. --   ALargeElk | Talk 14:04, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Can we get a good picture or illustration of the smoke signals?  I always wondered what those looked like. - DropDeadGorgias (talk) 19:57, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Interesting, i like it. Gkhan 22:09, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)


text:
PMMA

PMMA may refer to:

 * para-Methoxymethamphetamine, a stimulant drug
 * Philippine Merchant Marine Academy
 * Poly(methyl methacrylate), a transparent thermoplastic often used as a glass substitute

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: PMMA


text:
User:Wikibob/Sandbox4

background for Touching the Void - some posts by Richard Hawking, the man who waited in the tent for the two climbers to return.

http://uk.imdb.com/title/tt0379557/board/thread/9353905?d=9379999#9379999

the whole thread

Richard Hawking's photos of the filmsite

more from Richard neither in DVD nor books

<!-- by - Nancy-Olli (Thu Mar 18 19:01:03) Ignore this User | Report Abuse UPDATED Thu Mar 18 19:01:57 Richard obviously wants his privacy back. Can't blame him.

However, he did throw a lot of light on events surrounding the events depicted in this film, with no detriment to him, so I'm putting back what he said for the sake of truth and understanding:

1- Post of Fri Mar 5: "To satisfy anyone's curiosity I would just like to let you know a little of what went on after the return to base camp.

Joe came back several hours before some of the local people were due to arrive at camp with a couple of donkeys to carry our gear back to the nearest town. After filling him with tea I ran down to the hut where the locals were waiting and had to explain in crappy Spanish that the climber wasn't dead any more, and we needed a mule as well as the donkeys. Understandably they were a bit freaked out by this, but did bring a mule with them - shame it had an evil streak!

A long time haggling to make the contract (a necessity, even in this situation), while their sisters were stealing our cooking equipment! The swiss army knife that cut the rope was included in the stuff we gave them to carry us out - no way we wanted to keep it.

An awful couple of days walking down, and found the nearest town under police/army occupation as Sendero Lminoso were about to attack. We had to radio down to Lima to get a car to drive up and get us. the driver was an alcoholic maniac - very nearly the death of us!

We left Joe on the doorstep of a hospital awaiting admittance and went off to eat some fried sweet potato sandwiches.

It's a shame I was cut down to some odd sound-bites in the film, I wonder where the other 10 hours went to! I guess I wan't toeing-the-line enough.

Some photos I took while filming are here: http://homepage.mac.com/rrhawks/Peru/index.htm

Oh yes... I forgot to mention that I am the slightly chubby cynical chap called Richard who pops up from time to time in the film."

2 - Post of Sun Mar 7: "Blimey, suspicious aren't you!!!"

3 - Post of Sun Mar 7 (2nd): "Yes indeed, I didn't think I would be back there again - but mainly because of the chaos that had descended onto the area. Sendero Luminoso were on a killing spree, and a previous run-in with them that I had endured did rather make me want to keep my distance from them.

When I did go back the insurers for the film insisted that i shouldn't go back to the very same places I had been to in 1985, as it was too dangerous - I might fall over or something! You can guess how much notice I took of this directive...

I will get round to doing captions, or something, for the photos ... but I always seem to be too busy."

4 - Post of Mon Mar 8: "Yes... there is a strange difference in the versions of what happended to the knife. Simon (who's knife it was) and I are sure it was part of the deal with the porters, Joe is sure he donated it to Gary.

It was a long long time ago, so discrepancies in memeories etc are inevitable."

5 - Post of Wed Mar 10: "Indeed the director did screw me... or at least the financers who were calling the shots did.

The difference was I was interviewed a few days after filming in Peru, the others were interviewd months before. Filming was, well........ 'difficult'. The director was none too keen on our hero when I was interviewed, hence the line of questioning. The backers didn't want their neat package to have nasty rough edges, so ............ you get the film you saw.

I had been doing some gnarly stuff in Peru, and I looked on this as being a bit of a holiday, in spite of what happened. As for the magnitude of the events... it was just some *beep* that happened (If you'll pardon my quoting another poster on the forum.)

I am thankful that I live in Tokyo, and am little exposed to the bull**** that is flying around."

So there you have it. And, by the way, if Richard objects to this, I will for honor's sake be obligated to pull it down, too. (Catch it while you can.) -->

title: User:Wikibob/Sandbox4


text:
Baratie

Baratie may refer to:

 * Bărăţia (disambiguation)
 * A story arc in One Piece

title: Baratie


text:
Auguste Raffet

Denis Auguste Marie Raffet (2 March 1804 – 16 February 1860) was a French illustrator and lithographer. He was a student of Nicolas Toussaint Charlet, and was a retrospective painter of the Empire.

Biography
Raffet was born in Paris.

At an early age he was apprenticed to a wood turner, but took up the study of art at evening classes. At the age of 18 he entered the workshop of Cabanel, where he applied his skill to the decoration of china, and where he met Rudor, from whom he received instruction in lithography, in the practice of which he was to rise to fame. He then entered the École des Beaux-Arts, but returned to lithography in 1830 when he produced on stone his famous designs of Lützen, Waterloo, Le bal, La revue, and Les adieux de la garrison, by which his reputation became immediately established.

Raffet's chief works were his lithographs of the Napoleonic campaigns, from Egypt to Waterloo, vigorous designs inspired by ardent patriotic enthusiasm. In this endeavour he was a contemporary of other French artist-lithographers of Napoleon and the French army including Hippolyte Bellangé, Horace Vernet, and Nicolas Toussaint Charlet. As an illustrator his activity was prodigious, the list of works illustrated by his crayon amounting to about forty-five, among which are Béranger's poems, the History of the Revolution by Adolphe Thiers, the History of Napoleon by de Norvins, the great Walter Scott by Auguste Defauconpret, the French Plutarch and Frédéric Bérat's Songs.

He went to Rome in 1849, was present at the siege of Rome, which he made the subject of some lithographs, and followed the Italian campaign of 1859, of which he left a record in his Episodes de la campagne d'Italie de 1859. His portraits in pencil and water-colour are full of character. He died at Genoa in 1860. In 1893 a monument by Emmanuel Frémiet was unveiled in the Jardin de l'Infante at the Louvre, Paris. The statue was removed and melted down during the nazi occupation of Paris.

Works

 * Anatolīĭ Demidov (principe di San Donato), André Durand, Denis Auguste Marie Raffet: Voyage pittoresque et archéologique en Russie par le Hâvre, Hambourg, Lubeck, Saint-Petersbourg, Moscou, Nijni-Novgorod, Yaroslaw et Kasan, exécutée en 1839 sous la direction de M. Anatole de Démidoff. Paris, Gihaut frères, [1840–1848]
 * Marquet de Montbreton de Norvins, Jacques, Baron – Histoire de Napoleon. – Paris, 1827–28 – 4 vols. Illustrated by Raffet and Vernet.

title: Auguste Raffet


text:
The Sash

"The Sash" (also known as "The Sash My Father Wore") is a ballad from the Province of Ulster in the north of Ireland commemorating the victory of King William III in the Williamite War in Ireland in 1690–1691. The lyrics mention the 1689 Siege of Derry, the 1689 Battle of Newtownbutler near Enniskillen, the 1691 Battle of Aughrim, and the 1690 Battle of the Boyne. It is popular amongst Ulster loyalists and many other unionists in Northern Ireland, it also remains a popular folk ballad in parts of Ireland and Scotland.

The melody has been traced back to the early 19th century. The tune of "The Sash" was well-known around Europe, and before the lyrics were added, it was a love song that lamented the division between people. Instead of "it was old and it was beautiful", the lyrics were "she was young and she was beautiful" and is in Broadside Ballads (1787), titled "Irish Molly O". Another known printing of the tune is from 1876 including the words "The Hat My Father Wore". The song is classified in the Roud Folk Song Index as number 4796. It has also been adapted by fans of Stockport County F.C., who call it "The Scarf My Father Wore" or simply "The Anthem".

title: The Sash


text:
List of Hungarian Jews

This is a list of Hungarian Jews. There has been a Jewish presence in today's Hungary since Roman times (bar a brief expulsion during the Black Death), long before the actual Hungarian nation. Jews fared particularly well under the Ottoman Empire, and after emancipation in 1867. At its height, the Jewish population of historical Hungary numbered more than 900,000, but the Holocaust and emigration, especially during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, has reduced that to around 100,000, most of whom live in Budapest and its suburbs.

This is a list of anyone who could be reliably described as "Hungarian" and is of significant Jewish heritage (ethnic or religious). See List of Hungarian Americans for descendants of Hungarian émigrés born in America, a significant number of whom are of Jewish ancestry.

The names are presented in the Western European convention of the given name preceding the family name, whereas in Hungary, the reverse is true, as in most Asian cultures.

Historical figures

 * Leó Frankel, one of the leaders of the Paris Commune
 * Gyula Germanus, islamologist, (non-Jewish mother, Jewish father)
 * Ignác Goldziher, islamologist
 * Tivadar Herzl (Theodor Herzl), spiritual founder of Israel
 * Béla Kun, de facto leader of Hungary for 4 months in 1919 (non-Jewish mother, Jewish father)
 * Max Nordau, co-founder of the World Zionist Organization
 * Tom Lantos
 * György Lukács
 * Trebitsch Lincoln, British adventurer
 * Georges Politzer
 * Joseph Pulitzer, newspaper publisher
 * Sándor Radó (Alexander Radó) Switzerland-based Soviet master spy in World War II
 * Mátyás Rákosi, de facto leader of Hungary, 1947–1956
 * Ervin Szabó director of the Budapest Public Library System, 1911–1918
 * Tibor Szamuely, politician
 * Ármin Vámbéry, orientalist and traveler
 * Vilmos Vázsonyi, first Jewish Justice minister of Hungary, 1917–1918
 * Félix Somló, legal scholar known for his contributions to the Hungarian Legal Philosophy, 1873–1920

Boxing

 * György Gedó, Olympic champion light flyweight

Canoeing

 * László Fábián, sprint canoer, Olympic champion (K-2 10,000 meter), 4x world champion (3x K-2 10,000 meter and 1x K-4 10,000 meter) and one silver (K-4 10,000 meter)
 * Imre Farkas, sprint canoer, 2x Olympic bronze (C-2 1,000 and 10,000 meter)
 * Klára Fried-Bánfalvi, sprint canoer, Olympic bronze (K-2 500 m), world champion (K-2 500 m)
 * Anna Pfeffer, sprint canoer, Olympic 2x silver (K-2 500 m), bronze (K-1 500 m); world champion (K-2 500 m), silver (K-4 500 m), 2x bronze (K-2 500)

Fencing

 * Péter Bakonyi (born "Buchwald", 1938), saber, Olympic 3x bronze
 * Ilona Elek (née "Schacherer"; 1907–1988), foil fencer; Olympic gold-medal winner, and world champion, both before and after World War II
 * Dr. Dezső Földes (1880–1950), saber, 2x Olympic champion
 * Dr. Jenő Fuchs (1882–1955), saber, 4x Olympic champion
 * Tamás Gábor (1932–2007), épée, Olympic champion
 * János Garay (1889–1945), saber, Olympic champion, silver, bronze, killed by the Nazis
 * Dr. Oskar Gerde (1883–1944), saber, 2x Olympic champion, killed by the Nazis
 * Dr. Sándor Gombos (1895–1968), saber, Olympic champion
 * Endre Kabos (1906–1944), saber, 3x Olympic champion, bronze, killed while performing forced labour for the Nazis
 * Attila Petschauer (1904–1943), saber, 2x team Olympic champion, silver, killed by the Nazis
 * Zoltán Ozoray Schenker (1880–1966), Hungarian Olympic champion saber fencer
 * Ildikó Újlaky-Rejtő (born 1937), foil, 2x Olympic champion
 * Lajos Werkner (1883–1943), saber, 2x Olympic champion
 * George Worth, born György Woittitz (1915–2006), Hungarian-born American Olympic medalist fencer

Figure skating

 * Lily Kronberger, World Championship 4x gold, 2x bronze, World Figure Skating Hall of Fame
 * Emília Rotter, pair skater, World Championship 4x gold, silver, 2x Olympic bronze
 * László Szollás, pair skater, World Championship gold, silver, 2x Olympic bronze

Gymnastics

 * Samu Fóti, Olympic silver (team combined exercises)
 * Imre Gellért, Olympic silver (team combined exercises)
 * Ágnes Keleti, 5-time Olympic champion (2-time floor exercises, asymmetrical bars, floor exercises, balance beam, team exercise with portable apparatus), 3-time silver (2-time team combined exercises, individual combined exercises), 2x bronze (asymmetrical bars, team exercises with portable apparatus), International Gymnastics Hall of Fame
 * Alice Kertész, Olympic champion (team, portable apparatus), silver (team); world silver (team)

Soccer (association football)

 * Gyula Bíró, midfielder/forward (national team)
 * Alfréd Brüll, first owner of MTK Budapest FC
 * Peter Fuzes, born in Hungary; soccer goalkeeper for Sydney Hakoah club and Australia, Maccabi Hall of Fame 2003. Played 1st grade 1964 till 1976; International career from 1966 to 1972, against Scotland 1967, Greece 1969, Israel 1969 & 1972. Played against various European club sides including AS ROMA 1966, Manchester United.
 * Sándor Geller, goalkeeper, Olympic champion
 * Béla Guttmann, midfielder, national team player, and international coach
 * Adolf Kertész, Hungarian international
 * Gyula Kertész (1888–1982), Hungarian international
 * Vilmos Kertész (1890–1962), Hungarian international
 * Gyula Mándi, half back (player & coach of Hungarian and Israeli national teams) and manager
 * Árpád Orbán, Olympic champion

Swimming

 * Andrea Gyarmati, Olympic silver (100-m backstroke) and bronze (100-m butterfly); world championships bronze (200-m backstroke), International Swimming Hall of Fame (both parents half-Jewish)
 * Alfréd Hajós (born "Arnold Guttmann"), 3x Olympic champion (100-m freestyle, 800-m freestyle relay, 1,500-m freestyle), International Swimming Hall of Fame
 * Michael "Miki" Halika, Israel, 200-m butterfly, 200- and 400-m individual medley
 * József Munk, Olympic silver (4x200-m freestyle relay)
 * Rebecca Soni, her grandfather was born in Nagyvárad (now Oradea)
 * Mark Spitz, his great-grandfather (Nathan) was born in Hungary
 * László Szabados, Olympic bronze (4x200-m freestyle relay)
 * András Székely, Olympic silver (200-m breaststroke) and bronze (4x200-m freestyle relay); died in a Nazi concentration camp
 * Éva Székely, Olympic champion & silver (200-m breaststroke); International Swimming Hall of Fame; mother of Andrea Gyarmati (mother Jewish, father Roman Catholic szekler)
 * Judit Temes, Olympic champion (4×100-m freestyle), bronze (100-m freestyle)
 * Imre Zachár, Olympic silver (4x200-m freestyle relay)

Table tennis

 * Viktor Barna (born "Győző Braun"), 22-time world champion, International Table Tennis Foundation Hall of Fame ("ITTFHoF")
 * Laszlo Bellak, 7-time world champion, ITTFHoF
 * Anna Sipos, 11-time world champion, ITTFHoF
 * Miklós Szabados, 15-time world champion

Tennis

 * Zsuzsa Körmöczy, won 1958 French Open Singles, world # 2.

Track and field

 * Ödön Bodor, Olympic bronze (medley relay)
 * Ibolya Csák, Olympic champion & European champion high jumper
 * Mór Kóczán, javelin, Olympic bronze (Calvinist priest)

Water polo

 * Robert Antal, Olympic champion
 * István Barta, Olympic champion, gold
 * György Bródy, (3g1b & 2g & 2g), goalkeeper, 2-time Olympic champion
 * Dezső Gyarmati, Olympic water polo player & captain (3g1s1b) (half Jewish)
 * György Kárpáti, 3-time Olympic champion, 1 time bronze (half Jewish)
 * Béla Komjádi water polo player and coach, International Swimming Hall of Fame
 * Mihály Mayer, 2-time Olympic champion, 2-time bronze
 * Miklós Sárkány, 2-time Olympic champion
 * Iván Somlai, 1976 Olympic Assistant Coach and Game Plan Manager of Team Canada

Wrestling

 * Károly Kárpáti (also "Károly Kellner"), Olympic champion (freestyle lightweight), silver

Other sports

 * Paul Havas, Columbia quarterback
 * Ferenc Kemény, co-founder and first secretary of the IOC
 * László Bartók, Rowing (Paris 1924 eight and coxed four, Amsterdam 1928 coxed four) and 1932 men's coxless four European Rowing Champion

Before the Holocaust
Hungarian Jews, while comprising some 5% of the population of Hungary, won 8 individual gold medals for Hungary out of 26 (30.8%) in the Olympic sports events between 1896 and 1936. In each of the 7 gold winning teams, there were Hungarian Jews making up 35.8% of the teams (19 out of 53 team members).

1896

 * Alfréd Hajós-Guttman (2) swimming, 100-meter freestyle, 1,500-meter freestyle

1906

 * Alfréd Hajós-Guttman, swimming, 800-meter freestyle relay

1908

 * Dezső Földes, fencing, team saber
 * Dr.Jenő Fuchs (2), fencing, individual saber, team saber
 * Dr. Oszkár Gerde, fencing, team saber
 * Lajos Werkner, fencing, team saber
 * Richard Weisz, Greco-Roman wrestling, heavyweight

1912

 * Dezső Földes, fencing, team saber
 * Dr. Jenő Fuchs (2), fencing, individual saber, team saber
 * Dr. Oszkár Gerde, fencing, team saber
 * Lajos Werkner, fencing, team saber

1924

 * Alfred Hajós, Olympic art competition, architecture

1928

 * János Garay, fencing, team saber
 * Dr. Sándor Gombos, fencing, team saber
 * Attila Petschauer, fencing, team saber
 * Dr. Ferenc Mező, Olympic art competition, epic works

1932

 * István Barta, water polo
 * György Brody, water polo
 * Miklós Sárkány, water polo
 * Endre Kabos, fencing, team saber
 * Attila Petschauer, fencing, team saber

1936

 * György Bródy, water polo
 * Miklos Sárkány, water polo
 * Endre Kabos (2), fencing, individual saber, team saber
 * Ilona Elek, individual foil
 * Károly Kárpáti, freestyle wrestling, lightweight

After the Holocaust, 1948-1972
After the Holocaust, less than 1% of the population of Hungary remained of Jewish heritage. In individual sports events, Hungary won 48 gold medals between 1948 and 1972. Sportsmen and mainly sportswomen of Jewish extraction won 10 gold medals (20.8%). Hungarian Jewish women won 7 gold medals out of the 15 individual gold medals won by Hungarian women. In the 19 gold medal-winning teams for Hungary, 9 had Jewish members.

There are no known Hungarian Jewish gold medalist since 1976. Overall, Hungarian Jews won 15.4% of the 117 individual gold medals of Hungary, and had part in at least 16 out of the 42 gold medals in team events.

1948

 * Ilona Elek, individual foil

1952

 * Robert Antal, water polo
 * Sándor Gellér, soccer
 * Ágnes Keleti, gymnastics, floor exercises
 * Éva Székely, swimming, 200-meter breaststroke

1956

 * Ágnes Keleti (4)
 * gymnastics, asymmetrical bars, floor exercises, balance beam,
 * team exercise with portable apparatus
 * Aliz Kertész, gymnastics, team exercise with portable apparatus
 * László Fábián, kayak pairs, 10,000-meters

1960

 * Gyula Török, boxing, flyweight

1964

 * Tamás Gábor, fencing, team épée
 * Ildikó Rejtő (2), fencing, individual and team foil
 * Árpád Orbán, soccer

1968

 * Mihály Hesz, kayak, K1 1000m

1972

 * Gyorgy Gedó, boxing, light flyweight

Artists

 * Imre Ámos, painter, born 1907 in Nagykálló, killed during the Holocaust
 * Robert Capa, photographer
 * Béla Czóbel
 * Adolf Fényes
 * André François, painter and graphic artist (Jewish father)
 * György Goldmann, sculptor
 * Lucien Hervé, born Laszlo Elkan, photographer, known best for his architectural photographs, particularly those associated with Le Corbusier.
 * Béla Iványi-Grünwald
 * André Kertész, born Andor Kertész, photographer, photo-essayist
 * Ervin Marton
 * George Mayer-Marton, born Gyorgy Mayer, artist
 * László Moholy-Nagy
 * Nickolas Muray, photographer, born Miklós Mandl, Szeged HU, 1892-1965 New York City, and Olympic fencer. Known for his advances in commercial photography, most notably the first use of color film.
 * Izsák Perlmutter
 * Kermit (Wayne) Weinberger, artist, designer, famous for his Las Vegas neon creations. Born to Jewish Hungarian parents.

Businessmen

 * Jim Breyer, venture capitalist
 * Leo Castelli, Trieste-born American art dealer of note.
 * Andrew Grove, one of the founders and the CEO of Intel
 * Sándor Hatvany-Deutsch
 * Paul Reichmann's parents were born in Hungary
 * Tibor Rosenbaum, rabbi and businessman
 * George Soros, Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist
 * Sholam Weiss, bankruptcy specialist

Industrialists and bankers

 * Móric Fischer de Farkasházy, founder the Herend Porcelain Manufactory in 1839
 * Leó Lánczy
 * Jenő Vida
 * Ferenc Chorin
 * Fülöp Weisz
 * Gedeon Richter

Chess players

 * Rudolph Charousek
 * Isidor Gunsberg
 * Ignatz von Kolisch
 * Andor Lilienthal
 * Johann Löwenthal
 * Judit Polgár
 * Susan Polgár
 * Zsófia Polgár
 * Richard Réti
 * Adolf Schwarz
 * Endre Steiner
 * Herman Steiner
 * Lajos Steiner
 * László Szabó

Actors

 * Gábor Baraker
 * Jerry Seinfeld (paternal side)
 * Eva Bartok (father Jewish, born Szöke)
 * Tony Curtis; his parents were born in Mátészalka.
 * Franciska Gaal; born Jewish as Szidónia Silberspitz
 * Miklós Gábor
 * Zsa Zsa Gabor, born in Budapest, Hungary
 * Dezső Garas
 * Gyula Gózon
 * Leslie Howard's father was born in Hungary
 * Gyula Kabos
 * Harry Houdini born in Budapest, Hungary
 * Hedy Lamarr
 * Kálmán Latabár (mother Jewish)
 * Peter Lorre
 * László Márkus
 * Imre Ráday
 * Márton Rátkai
 * Sándor Radó
 * Sándor Rott
 * Kálmán Rózsahegyi
 * Eva Six (father Jewish)
 * Géza Steinhardt
 * Paul Newman (father Jewish)
 * Zoltán Várkonyi

Directors, screenwriters, and industry

 * George Cukor, film director
 * Michael Curtiz, born Manó Kertész Kaminer, film director
 * Judit Elek, film director and screenwriter
 * Béla Gaál film director
 * Viktor Gertler, film editor and director
 * Harry Houdini
 * Alexander Korda, born Sándor László Kellner, brother of Vincent and Zoltan Korda, film producer and director
 * Vincent Korda, born Vincent Kellner, brother of Alexander and Zoltan Korda, art director
 * Zoltán Korda, born Zoltán Kellner, brother of Alexander and Vincent Korda, film screenwriter, director, and producer
 * László Nemes, film director (mother Jewish)
 * Paul Newman's father was born in Hungary, as was his Catholic mother
 * Joe Pasternak
 * Emeric Pressburger
 * S. Z. Sakall
 * István Szabó, film director, screenwriter, and opera director
 * István Székely film director
 * János Szász, film director
 * Alexandre Trauner
 * Rachel Weisz's father was born in Hungary
 * Adolph Zukor, founder of Paramount Pictures

Historians

 * Ignác Acsády, historian
 * Ignác Kúnos, linguist
 * John Lukacs, historian (Roman Catholic, with a Jewish mother)
 * Géza Vermes, historian

Inventors and scientists

 * János Bodor, inventor and innovator in the field of food technology
 * László Bíró, inventor of the ballpoint pen
 * Marcel Breuer architect
 * Dennis Gabor, inventor of the holography
 * David Gestetner, inventor of the stencil duplicator
 * Peter Carl Goldmark, inventor of long-playing (LP) records
 * András Gróf (Andrew Grove), pioneer of the semiconductor industry, CEO of Intel
 * Rudolf E. Kálmán of Kalman filter
 * Gedeon Richter, pharmaceuticals; inventor and industrialist
 * Elizabeth Rona, nuclear chemist and contributor to the Manhattan Project
 * David Schwarz, inventor of the Zeppelin
 * Charles Weissmann, biochemist
 * Eugene Wigner (Wigner Jenő), physicist and Nobel laureate (parents were Lutheran by religion)
 * Gabor A. Somorjai (Hungarian-American) the "father" of modern surface-chemistry, leading world-expert on heterogeneous catalysis by metal surfaces

Nobel Prize winners

 * Robert Bárány (1914) - Medicine
 * György Hevesy (George de Hevesy) (1943) - Chemistry (born Roman Catholic)
 * Jenő Wigner (Eugene Wigner) (1963) - Physics (Lutheran convert)
 * Dénes Gábor (Dennis Gabor) (1971) - Physics (Lutheran convert)
 * Milton Friedman (1976) - Economics
 * János Polányi (John Charles Polanyi) (1986) - Chemistry (born Roman Catholic)
 * Elie Wiesel (1986-2016) - Peace
 * János Harsányi (John Harsanyi) (1994) - Economics (born Roman Catholic)
 * Imre Kertész (2002) - Literature
 * Ferenc Herskó (Avram Hershko) (2004) - Chemistry

Physicists

 * Dennis Gabor
 * Theodore von Kármán
 * John von Neumann
 * Paul Neményi
 * Leó Szilárd
 * Edward Teller
 * László Tisza
 * Eugene Wigner

Social scientists

 * Peter Thomas Bauer, economist
 * Milton Friedman, his parents emigrated from Beregszász, then in Hungary.
 * Frank Furedi, sociologist
 * John Harsanyi, economist, game theory; Nobel laureate (born Roman Catholic, from a Jewish background)
 * Nicholas Kaldor, British economist
 * János Kornai, economist
 * Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner (1840–1899), educationist and orientalist
 * Karl Mannheim sociologist,
 * Adolf Neubauer, Hebraist
 * Karl Polanyi, economist and philosopher

Mathematicians

 * Raoul Bott (ethnically Jewish through mother)
 * Arthur Erdélyi
 * Paul Erdős
 * Lipót Fejér
 * Michael Fekete
 * László Fuchs
 * Tibor Gallai
 * Géza Grünwald
 * Alfréd Haar
 * Paul Halmos
 * László Kalmár
 * John Kemeny
 * Dénes Kőnig
 * Gyula Kőnig
 * Imre Lakatos
 * Kornél Lőwy (Cornelius Lanczos)
 * Peter Lax
 * John von Neumann (Roman Catholic convert)
 * Rózsa Péter
 * George Pólya
 * Tibor Radó
 * Alfréd Rényi
 * Frigyes Riesz
 * Marcel Riesz
 * Lajos Schlesinger
 * Otto Szász
 * Gábor Szegő
 * Peter Szüsz
 * Pál Turán
 * Abraham Wald
 * Eugene Wigner

Composers

 * Pál Ábrahám
 * Károly Goldmark
 * Gábor Darvas
 * André Hajdu, composer, educator
 * Imre Kálmán (Emmerich Kálmán)
 * György Kurtág (half Jewish)
 * Sándor Kuti, composer
 * György Ligeti
 * Miklós Rózsa, composer
 * Rezső Seress
 * Sándor Vándor, composer, educator
 * László Weiner, composer
 * Leó Weiner, composer
 * Pál Hermann, composer, virtuoso cellist

Conductors

 * Ádám Fischer
 * Ivan Fischer
 * Ferenc Fricsay (half Jewish through mother)
 * György Justus, composer, musicologist, choir master
 * István Kertész
 * Jenő Ormándy (Eugene Ormandy)
 * Fritz Reiner
 * Sir Georg Solti
 * György Széll (George Szell)

Musicians

 * Pál Budai, pianist, composer
 * Ádám Fischer, conductor
 * Peter Frankl, pianist
 * Endre Granat, violinist
 * István Kertész, conductor
 * Ervin Nyiregyházi, pianist (half Jewish through mother)
 * György Pauk, violinist
 * Tommy Ramone, drummer for The Ramones (born Erdélyi Tamás)
 * János Sándor, conductor
 * Ervin Schiffer, violist
 * György Schiffer, cellist
 * Georg Solti, conductor
 * Mark Freuder Knopfler, guitar, Dire Straits,

Performers of music

 * Gitta Alpár - voice, soprano & actress
 * Geza Anda - piano (half Jewish)
 * Ilona Fehér - violin
 * Annie Fischer - piano
 * Joseph Joachim - violin
 * Endre Granat - violin
 * György Pauk - violin
 * László Polgár - voice, bass
 * Ede Reményi - violin
 * Márk Rózsavölgyi - violin
 * István Nádas - piano
 * András Schiff - piano
 * János Starker - violoncello
 * Mihály Székely - voice, bass
 * Joseph Szigeti - violin

Psychoanalysts

 * Michael Balint, psychoanalyst
 * René Spitz, psychoanalyst.
 * Sándor Ferenczi, psychoanalyst.
 * Géza Róheim
 * Lipót Szondi, psychiatrist
 * Thomas Szasz, psychiatrist

Religious figures

 * See Hungarian-Jewish Religious Figures

Writers

 * Béla Balázs, poet & film critic
 * Tibor Déry
 * Renée Erdős
 * György Faludy
 * Milán Füst
 * Ágnes Heller.
 * Ferenc Karinthy
 * Imre Kertész, winner, Nobel Prize in Literature (2002)
 * Arthur Koestler, novelist & critic
 * György Konrád
 * Rudolf Lothar, dramatist
 * György Lukács, Marxist literary critic and philosopher.
 * Kati Marton
 * George Mikes
 * György Moldova
 * Ferenc Molnár
 * Péter Nádas
 * , creator of Hungarian cabaret
 * István Örkény
 * Károly Pap
 * Erno Polgar
 * Giorgio Pressburger
 * Miklós Radnóti, poet
 * Jenő Rejtő
 * György Spiró
 * Gábor T. Szántó
 * Antal Szerb
 * Ephraim Kishon, born as Ferenc Hoffmann, Hungarian-Israeli writer, satirist, and film director.
 * Dezső Szomory
 * Aleksandar Tisma
 * Paul Tenczer
 * József Vészi
 * Elie Wiesel, writer, Nobel Peace Prize (1986)
 * Béla Zsolt writer of Kilenc Koffer

Families ennobled between 1874 and 1918 (mainly industrialists)

 * Biedermann – 1902
 * Dirsztay – 1905
 * Engel – 1879
 * Groedl – 1900
 * Gutmann – 1905
 * Harkányi – 1904
 * Hatvany – 1917
 * Hatvany-Deutsch – 1895
 * Hazai – 1912
 * Herczel – 1912
 * Herzog – 1904
 * Kohner – 1904
 * Korányi – 1912
 * Kornfeld – 1908
 * Königswarter – 1897
 * Kuffner – 1904
 * Lévay – 1897
 * Madarassy-Beck – 1906
 * Nauman – 1906
 * Ohrenstein – 1913
 * Orosdy – 1905
 * Posner Karl
 * Schosberger – 1890
 * Tornyai-Schosberger – 1905
 * Ulmann – 1918
 * Weiss – 1918
 * Wodianer – 1874
 * Wolfner – 1918

title: List of Hungarian Jews


text:
4-HO-DiPT

4-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (4-HO-DiPT or Iprocin) is a synthetic psychedelic drug. It is a higher homologue of psilocin, 4-HO-DET, and is a positional isomer of 4-HO-DPT and has a tryptamine molecular sub-structure.

Dosage
4-HO-DiPT is orally active at around 3 mg and above, and its effects last for 2–3 hours. Higher doses such as those above 30 mgs can increase the duration of the effects significantly.

Effects
The effects of 4-HO-DiPT are broadly comparable to those of other serotonergic psychedelics such as LSD and psilocin, but they are distinguished by their relative brevity. Shulgin "doubt[s] that there is another psychedelic drug, anywhere, that can match this one for speed, for intensity, for brevity, and sensitivity to dose, at least one that is active orally." An idiosyncratic effect of the drug, also noted by Shulgin, is its tendency to induce tremors.

Some users have reported a minor audio distortion with lower dosages. Higher dosages increase the polarity of the distortion. It is defined as being slightly lower in pitch and creating several different effects, such as pitch bend, volume distortion, and rate distortion. As with most DiPT psychedelics, music can become more dissonant and less harmonious. Users have also reported a visual distortion widely comparable to the hallucinogen LSD.

Clinical trials
FT-104, a prodrug to 4-HO-DiPT, has entered double blind, randomized, placebo controlled, phase 1 clinical trials in healthy volunteers at the Royal Adelaide Hospital in Australia for the treatment of postpartum depression and treatment-resistant depression.

Finland
Scheduled in government decree on psychoactive substances banned from the consumer market.

Germany
Scheduled in New Psychoactive Substances Act (NpSG). Use of covered substances is permitted only for industrial and scientific purposes.

Sweden
Sveriges riksdags health ministry Statens folkhälsoinstitut classified 4-HO-DiPT as "health hazard" under the act Lagen om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor (translated Act on the Prohibition of Certain Goods Dangerous to Health) as of Mar 1, 2005, in their regulation SFS 2005:26 listed as 4-hydroxi-N,N-diisopropyltryptamin (4-HO-DIPT), making it illegal to sell or possess.

United States
4-HO-DiPT is not scheduled at the federal level in the United States, but it is possible that it could be considered an analog of 5-MeO-DiPT, in which case purchase, sale, or possession could be prosecuted under the Federal Analog Act.

Florida
"4-Hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine" is a Schedule I controlled substance in the state of Florida making it illegal to buy, sell, or possess in Florida.

title: 4-HO-DiPT


text:
Peter Schreier

Peter Schreier (29 July 1935 – 25 December 2019) was a German tenor in opera, concert and lied, and a conductor. He was regarded as one of the leading lyric tenors of the 20th century.

Schreier was a member of the Dresdner Kreuzchor conducted by Rudolf Mauersberger, performing as an alto soloist. He became a tenor, focused on concert and lieder singing, well known internationally for the Evangelist parts in Bach's Christmas Oratorio and Passion. A member of the Berlin State Opera from 1963, he appeared in Mozart roles such as Belmonte in Die Entführung aus dem Serail and Tamino in Die Zauberflöte, and in the title role of Pfitzner's Palestrina, among others. He appeared at the Vienna State Opera and the Metropolitan Opera, among others, as one of few singers from the German Democratic Republic to perform internationally.

Schreier made many recordings, especially of Bach's works as both a singer and a conductor, even simultaneously. He recorded many lieder including the song cycles by Schubert and Schumann. He was known for intelligent understanding of texts and their musical expression with intensity. Schreier received awards including the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize, Léonie Sonning Music Prize.

Early life
Schreier was born in Meissen, Saxony, and grew up in the village of Gauernitz, near Meissen, where his father was a teacher, cantor and organist. In June 1945, when Schreier was almost ten years old, and just a few months after the destruction of Dresden, he entered the boarding school of the Dresdner Kreuzchor boys' choir. Its conductor Rudolf Mauersberger recognized his talent. He let him sing many solo alto parts and created compositions with his voice in mind. Solo recordings from the time (1948–1951) were reissued on compact disc.

Schreier was 16 years old when his voice broke, and he became a tenor, as he had passionately wished, because of the several Evangelists – all tenors – in J.S. Bach's Passions and in his Christmas Oratorio. After he had decided to become a professional singer he took voice lessons, privately from 1954 to 1956, then at the Musikhochschule Dresden, where he also studied conducting.

Career
Peter Schreier made his professional debut at the Dresdner Staatsoper in 1957, as the First Prisoner in Beethoven's Fidelio. His breakthrough came in 1962 as Belmonte in Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail, and he also appeared as Tamino in The Magic Flute. In 1963, he became a member of the Berlin State Opera. Starting in 1966, he was for many years an annual guest of the Vienna State Opera. That same year he made his debut at the Bayreuth Festival as the young seaman in Tristan und Isolde with Karl Böhm as conductor. For 25 years, beginning in 1967, he took part in the program of the annual Salzburg Festival. In 1969, he starred as The Witch in Engelbert Humperdinck's Hansel and Gretel, in a CD recording that featured the Staatskapelle Dresden. He performed more than 60 operatic roles. It was important to him to sing the title role of Palestrina, the opera by Hans Pfitzner, not only in Munich but also in East Berlin — a controversial issue at the time in East Germany.

Schreier was one of few singers from the German Democratic Republic to perform internationally, including at the Metropolitan Opera. He appeared regularly at the Vienna State Opera, where he sang 200 performances, beginning as Tamino in 1967, also as Belmonte, Don Ottavio in Mozart's Don Giovanni, the title role of Idomeneo, Flamand in Capriccio by Richard Strauss, Lenski in Tchaikovsky's Eugen Onegin, Count Almaviva in Rossini's Il barbiere di Siviglia and Loge in Wagner's Das Rheingold. His Wagner roles also included Mime in Siegfried.

He recorded Bach cantatas regularly with the Thomanerchor and the Gewandhaus Orchestra conducted by Erhard Mauersberger, with soloists including Adele Stolte, Annelies Burmeister and Theo Adam, such as the cantata for Pentecost Erschallet, ihr Lieder, erklinget, ihr Saiten! BWV 172, in 1970. He was the Evangelist in Bach's St Matthew Passion in recordings conducted by both Rudolf and Erhard Mauersberger, Karl Richter, Claudio Abbado and Herbert von Karajan. He recorded Bach's St John Passion and Christmas Oratorio with Helmuth Rilling.

In June 2000, Schreier left the opera stage. His last role at the Berlin State Opera was Tamino; he argued that he could no longer pretend to be a young prince. He ended his singing career on 22 December 2005, combining the functions of Evangelist and conductor in a performance of Bach's Christmas Oratorio in Prague. He kept singing lieder, a genre he had pursued throughout his career, including the song cycles by Schubert and Schumann.

From the early 1970s, Schreier was also a conductor with a special interest in the works of Mozart, Bach, and Haydn. He conducted orchestras such as the Vienna Philharmonic and the New York Philharmonic.

Personal life
Schreier was married and lived in Dresden from 1945 until his death, in the district of Loschwitz. He died in Dresden on Christmas Day, 25 December 2019, after a long illness. He was survived by his wife, Renate, and two sons, Torsten and Ralf. The funeral service took place at the Kreuzkirche, Dresden on 8 January 2020.

Evaluation
Schreier was an extremely intelligent singer, with sympathetic feeling for the text. Monika Grütters, Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media, summarised after his death that he was one of the most impressive voices from Germany ("eine der eindrucksvollsten Stimmen unseres Landes"), who represented Germany in the opera houses of the world as a nation of culture ("für die Kulturnation Deutschland gestanden"), remembered as the Evangelist in Bach's Passions, and having written music history in a career of four decades.

Honours and awards

 * Kammersänger (title conferred to singers of outstanding merit) by the governments of the GDR, Austria and Bavaria, 1963, 1980, 1982
 * National First Class Prize of the GDR, 1967
 * Robert Schumann Prize of the City of Zwickau, 1969
 * Handel Prize of the City of Halle, 1972
 * National Prize of the GDR, 1972
 * Gold Vaterländischer Verdienstorden, 1984[5]
 * Ernst von Siemens Music Prize, 1988
 * Léonie Sonning Music Prize, Denmark, 1988
 * Honorary membership of the Musikverein Wien (Vienna Society of Music), 1986
 * Star of People's Friendship, 1989
 * Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music, 1989
 * Bundesverdienstkreuz I. Klasse (Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany), 1993
 * Member of the Academy of Arts, Berlin, 1993
 * Wiener Flötenuhr, 1994
 * Georg Philipp Telemann Prize of the city of Magdeburg, 1994
 * German Bible Prize, for service in the great Passions and Interpretation of the work of J.S. Bach, 1998
 * European Church Music Prize, 2000
 * Honorary citizen of the city of Meissen for efforts in fundraising for the city's restoration
 * Royal Academy of Music/Kohn Foundation Bach Prize, 2009
 * Hugo Wolf Medal, Hugo Wolf Academy, Stuttgart, 2011
 * International Mendelssohn Prize of the Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy Foundation, Leipzig, 2011
 * Bach Medal, Bach Festival Leipzig, for interpretation of Bach, 2013
 * Sächsischer Verdienstorden, 2016
 * Kunstpreis der Landeshauptstadt Dresden, 2016

Discography
The German National Library holds recordings by Schreier, including:

As singer

 * 80th Anniversary Edition, Berlin Classics (Edel) 2015
 * Johann Sebastian Bach:
 * Matthäus-Passion (Evangelist and arias), conducted by Karl Richter, Archiv Produktion (Universal Music) 1989
 * Johannes-Passion, conducted by Hans-Joachim Rotzsch, RCA Classic (Sony Music) 1998
 * Weihnachtsoratorium, conducted by Martin Flämig, Dresdner Philharmonie, Dresdner Kreuzchor, Lukaskirche 1974
 * Ludwig van Beethoven: An die ferne Geliebte, with András Schiff, piano, Decca (Universal Music) 1996
 * Hector Berlioz: Requiem, conducted by Charles Munch, Deutsche Grammophon (Universal Music) 2009
 * Johannes Brahms: Die schöne Magelone, with András Schiff, Belvedere (Harmonia Mundi) 2015
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:
 * Opera Arias, Polygram Records 1990
 * Die Zauberflote (Tamino), conducted by Wolfgang Sawallisch, EMI (Warner Classics) 1987
 * Der Odem der Liebe. Peter Schreier als Mozart-Tenor, conducted by Otmar Suitner, Eterna 1973
 * Prokofjew – Hindemith: Lieder, Berlin Classics (Edel) 2004
 * Franz Schubert:
 * Die schöne Müllerin (with Konrad Ragossnig, guitar), Berlin Classics (Edel) 2004
 * Die Winterreise (setting for voice and string quartet), Profil (Naxos) 2015
 * Schubert Songs, with András Schiff, Wigmore Hall Live (CODAEX Deutschland) 2006
 * Heinrich Schütz: Johannes-Passion SWV 481 / Psalmen Davids, conducted by Martin Flämig, Berlin classics (Edel) 1997
 * Robert Schumann:
 * Dichterliebe, with Christoph Eschenbach, Teldec Classics International GmbH 1991
 * Dichterliebe / Liederkreis, with Norman Shetler, Berlin Classics (Edel) 2007
 * Vom Knabenalt zum lyrischen Tenor, Berlin Classics (Edel) 1995
 * Richard Wagner: Tristan und Isolde (Melot), conducted by Herbert von Karajan, EMI – His Masters Voice, 1988
 * Hugo Wolf:
 * Goethe-Lieder, with Wolfgang Sawallisch, Ariola Eurodisc 1986
 * Mörike-Lieder, with Karl Engel, Orfeo (Naxos Deutschland) 1998

As conductor

 * Johann Sebastian Bach:
 * Weihnachtsoratorium, (selections) Staatskapelle Dresden. MC, Eterna-Digital, 1985
 * Johannes-Passion, Staatskapelle Dresden, Newton Classics (Membran), 2011
 * Zwei Hochzeitskantaten, Weichet nur, betrübte Schatten, BWV 202 / O holder Tag, erwünschte Zeit, BWV 210), the Kammerorchester Berlin, Brilliant Classics (c. 2000)
 * Weltliche Kantaten, Was mit behagt, ist nur die muntre Jagd, BWV 208 / Ich bin in mir vergnügt, BWV 204, Brilliant Classics (c. 2000)
 * Matthäus-Passion, Rundfunkchor Leipzig, Staatskapelle Dresden, VEB Schallplatten, Berlin/GDR, 1984
 * Messe h-Moll, Rundfunkchor Leipzig, Staatskapelle Dresden, Philips Classics Production, 1992
 * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:
 * Requiem, Margaret Price, Trudeliese Schmidt, Francisco Araiza, Theo Adam; Rundfunkchor Leipzig & Staatskapelle Dresden, Philips, 1983

Documentary films

 * Peter Schreier – Alles hat seine Zeit. 83 Min., directed and produced by Heide Blum. D 2006.

Literature

 * Gottfried Schmiedel: Peter Schreier für Sie porträtiert. VEB Deutscher Verlag für Musik Leipzig, Leipzig 1976
 * Peter Schreier: Aus meiner Sicht. Gedanken und Erinnerungen, Ostberlin 1983, 207 pages. ISBN 978-3-552-03535-5
 * Jürgen Helfricht: Peter Schreier – Melodien eines Lebens. Verlag der Kunst Dresden, Husum 2008, ISBN 978-3-86530-109-3
 * Renate Rätz: Schreier, Peter. In: Wer war wer in der DDR? 5. Ausgabe. Vol. 2, Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4.
 * Manfred Meier, Peter Schreier: Im Rückspiegel : Erinnerungen und Ansichten, recorded by Manfred Meier, Wien: Steinbauer 2005, ISBN 978-3-902494-04-7.
 * Manfred Meier, Peter Schreier: Im Rückspiegel : Erinnerungen und Ansichten, recorded by Manfred Meier, Wien: Steinbauer 2005, ISBN 978-3-902494-04-7.

title: Peter Schreier


text:
Marian Albertovich Kowalski

Marian Albertovich Kowalski (Мариан Альбертович Ковальский) (15 August 1821 or 15 October 1821 – 28 May 1884 or 9 July 1884) was a Polish-Russian astronomer.

He was born in Dobrzyń nad Wisłą (called Добжинь in Russian) in Congress Poland, Russian Empire. His patronymic is alternatively given as Voytekhovich or Voytsekhovich (Войтехович or Войцехович), which suggests his father's name was Wojciech. Confusingly, a few Russian sources even give his name as Marian Albertovich Kovalsky-Voytekhovich, but this seems to be an error.

He graduated from St. Petersburg University in 1845. His PhD was in 1852 for his theory of the orbit of Neptune. Beginning in 1852 he was director of the Kazan Observatory, and dean of faculty of physics and mathematics in Kazan.

His most important work was on the analysis of the proper motion of 3,136 stars from James Bradley's catalog, which was the first usable method to deduce the rotation of the Milky Way galaxy. Based on this work, he disproved that a single massive central body in the center of our galaxy was responsible for the motion of the stars.

In celestial mechanics, he found improved methods to deduce a planetary orbit from observations, and analysed the mathematics of perturbations in planetary motions. In particular, he made a more accurate determination of Neptune's orbit. He also found an improved method of determining the orbits of binary stars.

His important papers were published in 1859 in the book Recherches astronomiques de l'observatoire de Kasan.

He died in Kazan and is buried in the Catholic cemetery there. He was the father of Aleksandr Marianovich Kowalski, who worked at Pulkovo Observatory and who died on July 6, 1902, at the age of 44.

The crater Koval'skiy on the Moon and the crater Koval'sky on Mars are both named in his honour.

Obituary

 * MNRAS 45 (1885) 208

title: Marian Albertovich Kowalski


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Budlah

User:DarkFantasy told me on IRC that he had created this article as an "experiment to see how long it takes" for someone to VfD it. And now it's bloody well being VfD'ed. Perhaps I could have SpD'ed it? DF, please don't disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point. Delete. - Cymydog Naakka 16:46, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Seems speedy for nonsense/vandalism (defacing a site to make a point). Geogre 17:40, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I took the liberty of adding the vfd notice. Ianb 18:40, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete garbage. -- Cyrius|✎ 22:35, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedy Delete patent nonsense. SWAdair | Talk  00:29, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I have speed deleted it as nonsense & vandalism. Wile E. Heresiarch 01:29, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Budlah


text:
William Strong

William Strong may refer to:

 * William Strong (priest, died 1654), English clergyman
 * William Strong (Vermont politician) (1763–1840), member of the United States House of Representatives from Vermont
 * William Kerley Strong (1805–1867), brigadier general during the American Civil War
 * William Strong (Pennsylvania judge) (1808–1895), U.S. Supreme Court judge who also served on the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania and as a U. S. congressman
 * William Barstow Strong (1837–1914), American railroad executive
 * William Duncan Strong (1899–1962), American archaeologist and anthropologist
 * William Lafayette Strong (1827–1900), Mayor of New York City
 * William Strong (Oregon judge) (1817–1887), American judge on the Oregon Supreme Court and Washington Supreme Court
 * William G. Strong (1819–?), merchant and political figure in Prince Edward Island
 * William Strong (archdeacon of Northampton) (1756–1842)

title: William Strong


text:
Clevinger

Clevinger may refer to:
 * Brian Clevinger (born 1978), American writer
 * Mike Clevinger, American baseball pitcher
 * Clevinger, a character from the novel Catch-22

title: Clevinger


text:
William Strong (Pennsylvania judge)

William Strong (May 6, 1808 – August 19, 1895) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1870 to 1880. Strong previously served as a U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania from 1847 to 1851 and as a justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from 1857 to 1868. He also served on the Commission that adjudicated the disputed presidential election of 1876.

Early life
Strong was born in Somers, Connecticut and later moved to Pennsylvania. He was the eldest of eleven children of William Lightbourn Strong, a descendant of Elder John Strong and Harriet (Deming) Strong. He was the brother of Newton Deming Strong and the cousin of U.S. Representative Theron Rudd Strong of New York. William Strong attended the Monson Academy in Massachusetts, and graduated from Yale University in 1828, where he was a member of Brothers in Unity and Phi Beta Kappa. He taught school in Burlington, New Jersey while studying law with Garret D. Wall, and then completed his legal education with a six-month course at Yale Law School. After being admitted to the bar Strong started a legal practice in Reading, Pennsylvania, remaining in practice from 1832 to 1857. He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1866.

House of Representatives
In 1846, Strong was elected to the United States House of Representatives as an abolitionist Democrat. Strong served two terms in the House, and was the chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Elections during his second term. He did not seek reelection in 1850, but returned to private practice.

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Strong was elected to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in 1857 as a Democrat, succeeding James Armstrong, who had been temporarily appointed to the seat. Strong switched to the Republican Party soon after taking the bench. He resigned from the court in 1868 to return to a lucrative private practice in Philadelphia.

United States Supreme Court
In December 1869, Justice Robert C. Grier announced his intention to retire from the United States Supreme Court effective February 1, 1870. President Ulysses S. Grant was heavily lobbied to nominate former Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. Stanton was nominated, and confirmed by the United States Senate on December 20, 1869, but he died just four days later without having served on the Court. After Grier retired, Grant nominated Strong to succeed him. He was confirmed by the Senate on February 18, 1870, and was sworn in on March 14, 1870.

Strong ruled for states rights and against the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which had allowed African Americans to testify against Whites, in Bylew v. United States. In United States v. Given, 25 F. Cas. 1324 (C.C.D. Del. 1873), Strong, riding on circuit, upheld an indictment under the Enforcement Act of 1870 when election officials prevented black Americans from voting. Strong held that the Reconstruction Amendments allowed Congress to enact legislation punishing private individuals when a state failed to protect constitutional rights. Strong wrote the opinion for an early equal protection case in Strauder v. West Virginia, 100 U.S. 303 (1879).

1876 election
Strong was one of five Supreme Court justices who sat on the Electoral Commission that was convened to resolve the disputed electoral votes in the U.S. presidential election of 1876. Strong voted along with his fellow Republicans, who held the majority on the Commission, to award every disputed vote to Rutherford B. Hayes, the Republican candidate, thus ensuring his presidency.

Strong served on the Supreme Court until December 14, 1880, when he retired despite still being in good health, partly to set an example for several infirm justices who refused to give up their seats. He resumed the practice of law and pursued religious causes until his death, at Lake Minnewaska in Ulster County, New York, on August 19, 1895. Following funeral services at the chapel of the Charles Evans Cemetery in Reading, Pennsylvania, he was laid to rest at that cemetery. The Historical Society of Berks County has in its collection a few pieces relating to Justice Strong.

International arbitration
After his retirement from the Supreme Court, Strong served as an arbitrator for an international dispute between Haiti and the United States, according to a 1884 agreement between the two nations. Two American citizens claimed damages due to the conduct of the Haitian government. He issued his award on June 13, 1885.

Personal
Justice William Strong's grandson, Lieutenant William N. Strong, Jr. (1887-1919), of Washington, DC, served in the Canadian Army during World War I, enlisting in January 1915. He was gassed on the battlefield of Ypres, and in the Battle of Vimy Ridge in 1917. He died in Pasadena, California of complications from the gassing. The Washington Post describes him as the first Washingtonian to join the Allies.

title: William Strong (Pennsylvania judge)


text:
Gillard (kart manufacturer)

Gillard is a British kart manufacturer founded by Tim Gillard to build chassis for 100 cc and 125 cc karts. Gillard have won several European championships in partnership with the Peter de Bruijn's racing team.

In the 2005 Karting World Championship, the Gillard-supported PDB team won with British driver Oliver Oakes, and Danish driver Michael Christensen won the European Junior Championship in the same year. Before that Carlo Van Dam and Nick De Bruijn (both Dutch) won the European Formula A Championship in 2001 and 2004 respectively.

In 2009, Gillard driver Hayden McBride won the Australian KF2 CIK Championship.

In 2010 the Gillard-supported DFK racing team based in Antwerp won the Rotax Eurochallenge with Joey Van Splunteren.

2007 Formula 1 World Champion Kimi Räikkönen was an official driver in 1999 and finished second in the European Formula Super A Championship.

title: Gillard (kart manufacturer)


text:
Talk:Cadbury

Current State
Cadbury was purchased by Kraft Foods in 2010. It is 2011 and nothing has been updated here. Furthermore, I see no evidence that the legal name of the company has "PLC" in the title. The page on Kraft's website refers to the company as "Cadbury Dairy Milk". Any help getting this all cleared up? 65.175.222.116 (talk) 01:32, 10 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Current Companies House records (see company number 06497379) show it as "Cadbury Limited" formerly known as "Cadbury plc" before June 4th 2010. -- Cain Mosni (talk||contribs) 10:06, 24 September 2013 (UTC)
 * A PLC is usually the top holding Company of a group. A Ltd Company is likely to be a subsidiary. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.252.139.26 (talk) 09:29, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

Headquarters
The introductory paragraph contradicts itself as to where the company's headquarters are, with the following two statements: "Cadbury plc...with its headquarters in, Uxbridge,London, United Kingdom" and "It is headquartered in Mayfair, City of Westminster.." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.139.137.49 (talk) 13:47, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

 * It's corporate site gives the location of it's Head Office as Uxbridge, but I'm not sure if that's where it's corporate headquarters are. 87.194.30.99 (talk) 23:40, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

 * The registered office is a legal entity, which does not necessarily even attach to a physical presence for the company itself. It is an address for service, and could simply be a legal or accounting practice acting as proxy. -- Cain Mosni (talk||contribs) 10:09, 24 September 2013 (UTC)

 * The Corporate HQ was for many years at 1 Connaught Place. However, the building was constructed in the 1800s in accordance with the norm for those days, without foundations as it was on rather boggy land drained by the Tyburn, resting on a raft of oak timbers resused from "Tyburn Tree", the gallows and spectator stands of the public execution "venue". The oak rotted away and by 1980 it was clear the building was becoming unstabilised as the walls tried to drop into the void created. HQ then moved to Leconfield House on Curzon Street, recently vacated by MI5, and then back to Connaught Place, then Berkeley Square, and Uxbridge. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.252.139.26 (talk) 09:36, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

Jacob Schweppe
The name of the founder of the Schweppes company is Jacob Schweppe, not Jacob Schweppes. I changed this in the article. Carnuzo

Cadbury-Schweppes acquired Yoo-Hoo in 2002, I've added this to the list of beverages. -Fatal

Lists of products
I can see these getting very long-winded and difficult to navigate without some sort of categorisation. I think in the case of chocolate/candy, they should be divided into the different brands - namely Cadbury and Bassetts (AFAIK the Trebor brand is no longer used). Maybe sub-categories for different products made/sold in certain countries should also be made - I can think of at least 10 Cadbury products made and sold (usually) only in Ireland, for example (Moro, Dairy Milk Golden Crisp, Caramello, Tiffin, Top Deck, etc.). --Zilog Jones 21:22, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
 * To give you a pointer, Cadbury was never a major corporate inetgrator: acquisitions tended to be rather autonomous, for example the tensions in management between "Cadbury" and "Schweppes" people. This was partly because little attention was paid to the corporate structure, until the incomprehgensible morass resulting caused a rethink in the mid 1980s, with an informal streaming into Confectionery, Soft Drinks, and Other - which was to be disposed of. However, there was little market interest in the latter until the Company Treasurer, Martin Brailsford, and a middle-ranking Director, Paul Judge, put an MBO together. This was partly inspired by Naresh Nagrecha's creation of Rubicon, a Schweppes spin-off caused by Cadbury's lack of concern for the detail of failed projects. Paul had attracted the eye of one of the Cadbury daughters, and the resulting engagement placed him in the position of heir apparent inside the family, in a generation which was no loinger interested in making chocolate. However, his inamorata was not the only female interested in him, and the result was that he outraged the family, which was still very Quaker - the engagement was off and Paul bound elsewhere. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.252.139.26 (talk) 09:57, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

Title
Why is the title hyphenated? The company name does not seem to be. Rd232 22:34, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
 * fixed dml 00:33, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

An interesting note
Cadbury chocolate sold in Australia tastes very different to that sold in the UK and Ireland. Does the chocolate sold in the USA under the cadbury label resemble either or these? Why is it so different?

Additionally, there are bars sold in Australia and New Zealand that aren't sold anywhere else. Cherry Ripe for instance. There are others that go under the same name as bars sold in the UK and Ireland but are actually completely different bars. For instance, Moro in Australia is basically a mars bar (tho I don't think it's sold any more). A chomp sold in Australia is like a Drifter bar (except it's one long one) and you can't get drifters in Australia. We have something called a Chokito in Australia and it is virtually identical to a Moro in the UK.

I can't find a source on this but nobody who's visited both countries would disagree. 62.254.168.102 12:11, 5 December 2005 (UTC)
 * If you're still interested (after 3 months I'm not sure you are) I would think that it is probably due to the EU's strict regulations on what can be defined as chocolate (or more specifically Milk chocolate (I think its in a Directive but not sure what one)). With regards different branding... no explanation. I don't mean that as in "I don't know"; I mean that as in "Companies just do that", personally I don't get why (look at Lynx and Axe). And as for the mixing around of brand names, I just find that crazy! - RHe  odt  23:01, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Here you go...it makes for a thrilling read.
 * Cocoa and chocolate
 * Directive 2000/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 June 2000 relating to cocoa and chocolate products intended for human consumption --Panzer71 (talk) 18:48, 30 May 2010 (UTC)
 * I was a senior staffer in the Cadbury Treasury in the 1980s. The Company was always "management light" and did not have time to waste in integrating its product range, appreciating that each market was culturally different and so the product range was best tailored to the market. In the case of Schweppes, the product portfolio was more tightly controlled, but with a large width of options available to the franchise managers (Schweppes International being almost entirely franchised to local brewers and bottlerss). One of the reasons for this was the huge amount of time taken in the Cola Wars, which resulted in a very aggressive corporate combat structure - in one year (1986, iirc), the Company produced something like five fully audited sets of accounts, leaving most of the corporate structure engaged in doing little else: the rise of the PC-based spreadsheet was a lifesaver. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.252.139.26 (talk) 10:12, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

Other products
Do they really make condoms ? That seems unrelated to the rest of their products.

-- Beardo 06:07, 21 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Not to my knowledge. I have removed it temporarily until someone shows me a site (preferably a Cadbury Schweppes' site) stating this or can at least name the BRAND. - RHe  odt  23:03, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Does Hershey's really manufacture all the Cadbury chocolates sold in the United States

 * No, Hershey's does not manufacture all the Cadbury's chocolate sold in the US. Cadbury Creme Eggs are made by Cadbury in Britain and distributed by Hershey's. The packaging for Cadbury Mini Eggs says that they're distributed by Hershey's, but I can't find any indication of where (or by whom) they're made. All (at least, that I'm aware of) other products are clearly marked as being manufactured by Hershey's under licence from Cadbury. 69.61.148.242 (talk) 14:58, 10 January 2012 (UTC)

Copyvio notice removed

 * I have removed the copyvio notice. The Cadbury Schweppes article was first developed on 2 June 2002, since creation, the article has been edited nearly three hundred times.  The immediate past version of the article and the page quoted do not look anything like each other.  If there are sections of material copied, then they need to be removed, or attributed with quotation.  --A Y Arktos\talk 00:40, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I have reverted the apparently offending edit--A Y Arktos\talk 00:47, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

Purple packaging
The article says:

 * [In Canada] "the chocolate bar line was rebranded in late 2005 to the UK-standard purple wrapper theme."

What?? We've had purple-wrapper Cadbury bars in Canada for a long time, so this statement is either wrong, or not clear enough. WillNL 22:30, 27 December 2006 (UTC)

Cleanup-section tag added to introduction
I've added the cleanup-section tag to the introductory paragraph because it is a hopelessly bad introduction which does not adequately introduce the company. Only the first sentence is really and introductory sentence, the rest of the introduction strangely focuses on what the company doesn't make rather than what it does along with quite trivial facts. The important details of the company on the other hand seem to be absent.

Bias Edit
I deleted the first paragraph under the headline "Overview" because it was ridiculous, wasn't an overview, totally unencyclopedic, biased, and read like an advertisement. It said the following:

''A cadbury chocolate is created with great care. How do they put in the caramel you ask? First the top of the chocolate is created. the curved top is substituted as a bowl for the caramel. The caramel is then filled in to the chocolate as the chocolate is frozen. Therefore the caramel taken form of the chocolate withought melting. The bottom is them placed and compressed onto the caramilk chocolate giving us all that wonderous taste we love.''

Seriously. Give me a break.

Kronos o 22:36, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

translating the code for expiration date
The Seltzer and Tonic Water bottles have codes that I cannot crack:

Seltzer 05 127 7 (consistent top line) second lines: 1017NY050779(or 3) 0907NY050709(or 3) 1024NY050779(or 3)

Tonic Water 05 124 7 (consistent top line) second lines: 1009NY050473 0936NY050473 0927NY050473 0826NY050473

Both of these bottles were purchased in the last 4 - 5 weeks.

"####NY", I presume, is the NY bottling plant ID.

"050479" and "051247" and "091247" and "050779", to me, do not seem to be shuffled into a recent date.

Though, "NY######" could be the NY bottling plant ID, and somehow the first four digits could be the expiration date.

Thank you in advance for any clues!

JWL, NYC, NY

German descent
... of German descent? He was German! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.176.215.243 (talk) 23:20, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes. Germans are generally of German descent. Kronos o (talk) 01:18, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

Schweppes sold to Coca-Cola ?
The Schweppes page indicates that worldwide the brand belonds to Coca-Cola. When did they acquire it ? -- Beardo (talk) 19:47, 19 January 2009 (UTC)

Coke won't buy Schweppes
From our company newsletter:

We announced that we had entered into a conditional agreement with Asahi in December, subject to a right of negotiation granted to Coca-Cola in 1999, under which it had until March this year to negotiate with us regarding a potential acquisition of the Schweppes Australia business. Coca-Cola has confirmed to us that it does not intend to pursue its right of negotiation and consequently, we have have today entered into a definitive sale and purchase agreement with Asahi for the same cash consideration as previously announced. News Fo Sho 20 March, "Cadbury Announces Definitive Agreement to sell Schweppes Australia for £550M" --Slashme (talk) 10:37, 20 March 2009 (UTC)

Availability in Europe
It states that Cadbury is the world's largest confectionary manufacturer and I'm glad it is but there seems to be very few Cadbury products available in France, Germany or Austria when compared to products from Mars or Nestle. How can I have a Crunchie on a Friday when I can't get one for love nor money?? LewisR (talk) 17:13, 16 February 2009 (UTC)
 * France has a very different confectionery distribution structure from the UK, although the change of newstands from the traditional tabac to a more international format has opened market options not available in the 1980s, and the expat community was never a large enough market to make this kind of change viable. Horses for courses...Cadbury bought Poulain in the 1980s. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.252.139.26 (talk) 10:20, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

I would say that the real reason is protectionism by Continental chocolate manufacturers. For decades Cadbury's attempted to export to Europe, but were blocked on the grounds that their chocolate was not "chocolate", at one point it was suggested that Dairy Milk could be exported to France if labelled "cooking chocolate", eventually (in 2000) the EU agreed that British chocolate could be sold throughout Europe. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/678141.stm In spite of this decision (which was reported on Italian television news as a grave danger to public health!) you will not find British chocolate (other than that owned by Nestle) for sale in most of the EU (although Continental chocolate is readily available in the UK). DH987 (talk) 14:15, 11 June 2016 (UTC)

2009 Hydrogenation
''Cadbury continues to use hydrogenated oils in many of its signature products. Although trans fats are present, the nutrition labels round down the values to zero.''

Just sounds like a customer service rant and is not given in any context. Any objection to removal? RaseaC (talk) 23:55, 25 September 2009 (UTC)

 * It is sourced, so it would be better to reword it if you don't like it (per WP:PRESERVE)--UltraMagnus (talk) 07:06, 26 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I may be missing something here but I'm not sure Cadbury are doing anything wrong by rounding down, and therefore the sentence is completely irrelevant. We might aswell go ahead and say their products contain cocoa too. Also, now I've had a look through the whole article, the Executive Compensation and Accounting sections seem pretty unremarkable and as if they're written by a disgruntled employee, I think they too should be removed. RaseaC (talk) 12:58, 26 September 2009 (UTC)

Cadbury and Islam
Note that not all Cadbury products are Halal (see page: ), and it seems that Cadbury have not made any offical statement on Sharia Law (Why in the hell would they?). Reform or remove? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.136.49.121 (talk) 15:52, 10 April 2010 (UTC)

Advert controversy?
After a quick skimming of the article I can't find any info about that advert controversy. Where can I find more about it?  Kayau  Voting  IS   evil 13:13, 12 April 2010 (UTC)

Palm Oil Losses in New Zealand
I've deleted the sentence "From inside reports the change to Palm Oil cost Cadbury, New Zealand 12 million in sales." I spoke to the Cadbury NZ on its customer services and Corporate affairs and the information is false according to their public financial report. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ozzymaker (talk • contribs) 05:49, 16 September 2010 (UTC) --Ozzymaker (talk) 05:38, 21 September 2010 (UTC)

Move?

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: pages moved. Although there really should have been a heads-up on the DAB page talk, consensus is clear, consistent with policy and unlikely to change IMO. Andrewa (talk) 23:11, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

Cadbury plc → Cadbury — "Cadbury" is the main name used when referring to the company, "plc" is just an extension like "Pty, Ltd or Inc". AnimatedZebra (talk) 15:03, 3 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Page Cadbury is a disambig page with 26 meanings. Anthony Appleyard (talk) 15:17, 3 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Could we use "Cadbury (company)" which then directs to "Cadbury"? AnimatedZebra (talk) 15:39, 3 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Not if Cadbury is a disambiguation page, unless the candy company is overwhelmingly the first thing people think of when they hear "Cadbury" (in which case Cadbury can be moved to Cadbury (disambiguation)). Why prefer Cadbury (company) over Cadbury plc, which presumably is its legal name? —Tamfang (talk) 18:29, 3 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. The company is by far the primary topic for the name Cadbury with over 44,000 pageviews last month (and hundreds of links), compared to 1,800 views for the Cadbury family and 100 for Cadbury, Devon (the only other article that could truly take the title Cadbury). The dab page currently at Cadbury had 11,000 hits, which is far too many, and has many incoming links that appear to be meant for the company. Most of the stuff on the dab page doesn't even belong there, but what's left should be moved to Cadbury (disambiguation). Station1 (talk) 19:09, 3 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I said (Company) cause I thought it was one of those titles you use like (song) or (film). Anyhoo, I guess we could make the "Cadbury (disambiguation)" page, unless there are any objections? Cadbury is a well-known brand here in Australia and with the "Cadbury" page (not Cadbury plc), most of the links are related to the Cadbury plc article, appart from the ones under "Other" and "Places" (which are all referring to the same place just about). AnimatedZebra (talk) 19:14, 3 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Support; "Cadbury" is clearly most commonly the candy company. Powers T 00:47, 4 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose Cadbury (company) and Cadbury plc are both disambiguated forms, so there is no difference between them, but "Cadbury" should remain a disambiguation page. 65.93.12.101 (talk) 01:34, 4 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Support I feel that the plc ending is confusing especially to people from countries where plc is not used but who have heard of Cadbury. I'm split between moving to Cadbury (company) or to Cadbury alone. --Erp (talk) 04:46, 4 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment: Do the "Cadbury Adams", Cadbury Ireland and Cadbury UK pages need to have their own article pages? The latter two atleast could simply have their info merged under the "Operations" title in the main Cadbury page but I understand if I'm getting way ahead of myself here. AnimatedZebra (talk) 08:10, 4 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Support, very clear primary meaning.--Kotniski (talk) 07:21, 11 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Support. Clearly the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, as shown by Station1. Jenks24 (talk) 16:44, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Biggest or second biggest
The first paragraph starts by saying it is the second biggest and ends by saying it is the biggest. Which one please? Also, the 'Recent developments' section covers not so recent developments from 3 years ago and is followed by another section with even more recent developments.  Stepho  (talk) 08:40, 21 April 2011 (UTC)

Correct use of Cadbury name
There are many instances in which the name wrongly features an apostrophe as for example - "In 1905, Cadbury's launched its Dairy Milk bar..." when it should only be applicable in such cases as is grammatically appropriate (unless I am mistaken): "Cadbury's male employees..." or "Cadbury's Dairy Milk".

Could someone please help to clear this matter, as it appears then to be more akin to Hershey's in a grammatical sense. HolyB144 (talk) 22:48, 20 June 2011 (UTC)

 * Hello Holly, I have now hopefully fixed these issues you were describing above, including some Hershey ones aswell. If you see something I missed, please feel free to respond to this post OR if you like, you can be bold and edit the article yourself. =D AnimatedZebra (talk) 06:21, 16 July 2011 (UTC)

Suggest merge from Cadbury UK
The article Cadbury UK has little content that isn't already here, and lacks references. There might be 1 or 2 lines about the factory closure that could be added here, everything else is a fork from this article. I suggest it be merged. --Wtshymanski (talk) 15:04, 6 July 2011 (UTC)

 * The Cadbury UK article seems to be gone and now directs to the main article. I wonder if we can also merge the Cadbury Ireland, Cadbury Adams and Cadbury India articles also, for the same reasons above. AnimatedZebra (talk) 06:28, 16 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Tagged Cadbury India, Cadbury Ireland and Cadbury Adams, we will see if anyone else cares to comment. --Wtshymanski (talk) 03:14, 24 July 2011 (UTC)
 * There's also a Cadbury New Zealand article. Wanna tag that also? AnimatedZebra (talk) 11:51, 1 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Done. Doesn't even seem to be a correct article, there's no indication on the Cadbury NZ Web site that this division is now autonomous. --Wtshymanski (talk) 13:34, 1 August 2011 (UTC)

List of subsidiaries
The anon vandal does have at least one point; the list of subsidiaries is dull and conveys no information. Would it be OK to summarize this list saying "Kraft lists NNN subidiary companies with the Cadbury name in XXX countries." since a lot of these entries probably have little notability on their own. --Wtshymanski (talk) 19:35, 21 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I suspect it was leaked either from within the Company or one of its auditors, as it bears a remarkable similarity to a routine internal supporting document to the Consolidated Accounts I used to maintain. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.252.139.26 (talk) 10:26, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

Salmonella Incident
The sentence "Analysts have said the fine is not material to the group, with mitigating factors limiting the fine being that the company quickly admitted its guilt and said it had been mistaken that the infection did not pose a threat to health.[69]" needs to be deleted or significantly changed.

This change needs to be made because: - the reference source link is dead, so the sentence is unsubstantiated - the company did not quickly admit its guilt (in fact it allegedly failed to report the incident for 6 months) - the statement that the salmonella infection was thought not to pose a risk to health cannot reasonably be written-off as a "mistake", it was either incompetence or negligence. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.219.176.153 (talk) 06:44, 28 September 2012 (UTC)

Trebor
There seems to be a lack of information regarding the acquisitions of Trebor and Bassett. Cadbury Trebor Bassett redirects here, so you'd expect to find the relevant info here. In fact, there's not much information here about their activities in the 20th century outside of the Schweppes merger and the two world wars. Digifiend (talk) 16:50, 5 August 2013 (UTC)
 * There's not a lot to be said. Trebor got bored of sweets and sold to Cadbury, who weren't much more enthused and sold to Kraft. Comparing notes with Matthew Crampton, the author of The Trebor Story, which is the major history of that Company written by a member of the family who ran it for most of its life, we concluded that family traditions had weakened in the 1960s and that was terminal by the 1980s, the Cadburys became far more interested in the media. See more on [| here]
 * Cadbury's criteria were return on investment (they did have a hurdle rate which I'm not going to discuss) and a sector they were not much represented in, which was the key motivation for their acquisition of Trebor (sugar as opposed to chocolate confectionery), Canada Dry (ginger ales, Schweppes having ginger beer), and Adams from Pfizer (gum).
 * I second your request that the integration of Trebor here be reversed, however. The purpose of an encyclopaedia is partly to reflect how the world was, indeed in its early days WP had a policy that no living person be documented, to respect the general thinking that history can only be safely assessed fifty years after the event, as the consequences take that long to become clear. It it cannot be reconstructed, the I would suggest Matthew's page be used as a major source. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 176.252.139.26 (talk) 11:50, 5 February 2015 (UTC)

Update needed regarding Cadbury Crème Eggs
Can this article be updated to include mention of the recent controversial changes to Cadbury Crème Eggs? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.31.183.4 (talk) 19:01, 19 January 2015 (UTC)

Link error
The reference link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadbury#cite_note-hershey-61 is incorrect. It points to a product page rather than a history page. Hershey's current history page doesn't mention Cadbury (or any merger/acquisition/licensing for that matter) so it can't be used to verify any claims here. Does anyone have a link to the original content? William.h.nicholls (talk) 19:53, 29 January 2015 (UTC)

Spam edit
There was spam so I decided to revert the page to its previous content. Grigrass (talk) 06:24, 11 March 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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subsidiary
I've been reverted on a change to specify that the company is a subsidiary of another company. Cadbury is wholly owned by another company. This isn't really controversial. It's like Jaguar Cars being owned by Tata, or Land Rover being owned by Tata, both examples of companies owned by another company, stated right in the first sentence. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:C7D:CA0D:8C00:F0A1:F40E:BA00:5A5F (talk) 08:03, 27 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130322175559/http://www.cadburyindia.com/in/en/MediaCenter/CDMSilk.aspx to http://www.cadburyindia.com/IN/EN/MEDIACENTER/cdmsilk.aspx
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External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Cadbury. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100209014548/http://www.ftse.com/tech_notices/2010/Q1/28579_20100202_Cadbury.jsp to http://www.ftse.com/tech_notices/2010/Q1/28579_20100202_Cadbury.jsp
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.cadbury.co.nz/About-Cadbury/News.aspx?newsID=47
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110304062705/http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/pdf/Kraft_Cadbury_Progress_Update.pdf to http://www.kraftfoodscompany.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/pdf/Kraft_Cadbury_Progress_Update.pdf

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Incorrect word
Cadbury were PROSECUTED not PERSECUTED over the salmonella contamination — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.65.8.220 (talk) 01:23, 18 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Done, but why not just f ix it yoursefl next time? Meters (talk) 05:25, 18 December 2017 (UTC)

Trebor, Bassett's and Maynard's
When did the company become known as Cadbury Trebor Bassett or whatever?

Was this a merger or acuisition?

When did it buy(?) Maynards?

It's not clear, to me anyway from reading the article, when all this happened. --86.162.53.109 (talk) 11:34, 26 July 2018 (UTC)

New logo?
The infobox currently uses this wordmark, with the source being Underconsideration.com. The source is a web page; it appears to belong to a graphic design firm. I can't find any evidence of this 'new' wordmark actually being in use. The Cadbury websites display the 'old' logo, as does the Mondelez International website. Until there is any evidence that the new logo is in use, I propose that we maintain the old logo as an illustration of the brand identity, so that we are not misleading readers. I have made this change. --Hazhk (talk) 15:43, 7 July 2020 (UTC)

 * I get it now. NIKO (talk) 00:46, 14 July 2020 (UTC)

British Company?
Today, as I was glancing through the headlines, it caught my eye that even the Express and Sun don't refer to Cadbury as a British Company anymore, rather it was referred to as :"The move by parent firm Mondelez International, which bought Cadbury for £11.5billion in 2010, will also secure 40 full-time, seasonal jobs." . I'm not saying that The Sun is a reliable source, far from it, but if they, the Champions of all things English, are saying Cadbury isn't English, rather owned by a multi-national, it is probably time this article followed suit. For Comparison Budweiser is no longer referred to as an American Company, since it has been bought by a multi-national. This article should follow suit. It's incorrect to refer to Cadbury as a British company anymore. 2A02:C7F:C63A:1B00:949C:DB5D:5AE7:6FC6 (talk) 08:53, 5 February 2021 (UTC)

146.199.14.75 (talk) 15:36, 26 September 2022 (UTC) It's not british any more than royal mail or bp are british. Britain is entirely owned by foreigners.

Accounting Section Out of Date
The "Accounting" section of the article talks about 2007 events in the present tense, and speculates about possible flow-on consequences which surely must have come and gone by now. I don't really know how to edit; just flagging this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 218.214.245.212 (talk) 02:26, 18 June 2021 (UTC)

Clarification of edit summary - the missing NOT
I want to point out that I miswrote an edit summary which might be misconstrued as libelling the company. I accidentally omitted a NOT from a phrase intended to read that the illegal treasure detecting following the launch of its Easter Egg promotion campaign in 2019 was an unintended consequence and was NOT 'incited by the company'. My aim was to make the account read less potentially libellous by prefixing the in-text word 'encouraged' with 'unintendedly'. Apologies.Cloptonson (talk) 05:34, 23 June 2021 (UTC)

Colonial Cadbury & origin of cocoa
Cadbury probably got its chocolate from British colonies, but so far the article says nothing about the origin of Cadbury's cocoa, what happened there, who was responsible, how Cadbury shaped local politics, if reparations have ever been paid, etc. This might also help understand the section "2022 Channel 4 Dispatches Child Labour Claims". AntennaeGalaxy (talk) 08:50, 21 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cadbury


text:
Tankōbon

A tankōbon (単行本) is a standard publishing format for books in Japan, alongside other formats such as  shinsho and bunkobon. Used as a loanword in English, the term specifically refers to a printed collection of a manga that was previously published in a serialized format. Manga tankōbon typically contain a handful of chapters, and may collect multiple volumes as a series continues publication.

Major publishing imprints for tankōbon of manga include Jump Comics (for serials in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump and other Jump magazines), Kodansha's Shōnen Magazine Comics, and Shogakukan's Shōnen Sunday Comics.

Japanese comics (manga)
manga came to be published in thick, phone-book-sized weekly or monthly anthology manga magazines (such as Weekly Shōnen Magazine or Weekly Shōnen Jump). These anthologies often have hundreds of pages and dozens of individual series by multiple authors. They are printed on cheap newsprint and are considered disposable. Since the 1930s, though, comic strips had been compiled into tankōbon collecting multiple installments from a single series and reprinting them in a roughly paperback-sized volume on higher quality paper than in the original magazine printing. Strips in manga magazines and tankobon are typically printed in black and white, but sometimes certain sections may be printed in colour or using colored inks or paper.

In English, while a tankōbon translation is usually marketed as a "graphic novel" or "trade paperback", the transliterated terms tankoubon and tankōbon are sometimes used amongst online communities. Japanese speakers frequently refer to manga tankōbon by the English loanword "comics" (コミックス), although it is more widespread for being used in place of the word "manga", as they are the same thing. The term also refers to the format itself—a comic collection in a trade paperback sized (roughly 13 x) book (as opposed to the larger 18 x format used by traditional American graphic novels). Although Japanese manga tankobon may be in various sizes, the most common are Japanese B6 (12.8 x) and ISO A5 (14.8 x). The tankōbon format has made inroads in the American comics market, with several major publishers opting to release some of their titles in this smaller format, which is sometimes also called "digest format" or "digest size". In the United States, many manga are released in the so-called "Tokyopop trim" or "Tokyopop size" (approximately 5 x).

Aizōban
An aizōban (愛蔵版) is a collector's edition volume. These volumes are generally more expensive and lavished with special features such as special covers created specifically for the edition. A special paper used for the cover, higher quality paper, a special slipcase, etc. Aizōban are generally printed in a limited run, thereby increasing the value and collectability of those few copies made. The aizōban format has begun to make inroads into the US market, with titles such as Fruits Basket and Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin being reissued in a similar format. Generally, only the most popular manga are released in this format.

Bunkoban
A bunkoban (文庫版) edition refers to a tankōbon printed in bunko format, or a typical Japanese novel-sized volume. Bunkoban are generally A6 size (105 x) and thicker than tankōbon and, in the case of manga, usually have a new cover designed specifically for the release. In the case of manga, a bunkoban tends to contain considerably more pages than a tankōbon and usually is a republication of tankōbon of the same title which may or may not have been out of print. Thus, the bunko edition of a given manga will consist of fewer volumes. For example, Please Save My Earth was published in 21 tankōbon volumes, and then re-released in 12 bunko volumes. If the original manga was a wide-ban release, the bunkoban release will generally have the same number of volumes. The term is commonly abbreviated in Japanese to just bunko (without the -ban).

Gōkaaizōban
A gōkaaizōban (豪華愛蔵版) is another term occasionally used to designate a type of special release.

Kanzenban
The kanzenban (完全版) is yet another term sometimes used to denote a type of special release. A kanzenban release is generally A5 size (148 x) and will typically reproduce individual chapter covers, colour pages, and side-stories from its original magazine run, features that are often omitted or converted to grayscale in standard tankōbon releases. While the aizōban appellation emphasizes the value of the volumes, the term kanzenban emphasizes their completeness, though it is generally reserved for more popular manga.

Shinsōban
Similar to a wide-ban, a shinsōban (新装版) is a new edition released with (usually) a new cover. The volumes in such a release usually have new colour pages and other extras. For example, in 2002, Sailor Moon was re-edited; some pages were completely redrawn, and most dialogues were rewritten by the author. Plus, the chapters were redivided to fit into 12 volumes instead of 18.

Sōshūhen
The sōshūhen (総集編) is a format published by Shueisha beginning in 2008. A sōshūhen edition is B5 size (176 x), larger than a kanzenban, and similarly reproduces chapter covers and colour pages while also including a variety of bonus features such as posters and interviews. The majority of sōshūhen releases are for popular manga with ongoing serializations. They also contain far more pages than a standard tankōbon and thus feature more chapters in fewer volumes; Naruto Part I was originally published in 27 tankōbon volumes, but was completed in just eight sōshūhen volumes.

Wide-ban
A wide-ban or waidoban (ワイド版) edition is larger (A5 size) than a regular tankōbon. Many manga, particularly seinen and josei manga, are published in wide-ban editions after magazine serialisation, and are never released in the tankōbon format that is common in shōnen manga and shōjo manga. When a series originally published in tankōbon format is re-released in wide-ban format, each volume will contain more pages than in the original edition, and therefore the series will consist of fewer volumes. For example, Maison Ikkoku was originally released in 15 tankōbon volumes, but was republished as 10 wide-ban volumes.

title: Tankōbon


text:
Hyperspace Delivery Boy!

Hyperspace Delivery Boy! is a puzzle action game released for the Pocket PC on December 23, 2001. It was ported to Microsoft Windows and Linux. The game was the first title released Monkeystone Games, a small developer formed by id Software and Ion Storm founders John Romero and Tom Hall, and Romero's then-girlfriend Stevie Case. Much of the gameplay involves solving Sokoban-like puzzles.

Plot
Hyperspace Delivery Boy! follows the story of Guy Carrington, a courier in training. Guy is sent by Sergeant Filibuster on several dangerous missions in four different locations. During the course of the game, Guy discovers a secret organization known as "THEM".

Reviews
Hyperspace Delivery Boy! received average reviews from critics. Marc Saltzman of PC Gamer described the game as a "fun diversion" with "challenging puzzles", but found the game repetitive and featured "sophomoric dialogue" and "embarrassingly cheesy voice acting". Ron Dulin of GameSpot found the game to be fun, highlighting the challenge of the puzzle gameplay and "personality" of the game's humor, but faulted the limited story and "minimal" sound effects and music.

title: Hyperspace Delivery Boy!


text: User talk:68.36.175.254

title: User talk:68.36.175.254


text:
User:MathyGuy23

Hi.

title: User:MathyGuy23