text:
Talk:Thigh

something wrong here
These compartments are the femur as an axis,

Something wrong here... Is this supposed to mean that the compartments all touch the femur, and run the whole length of the thigh? Rvollmert 14:49, 2004 Aug 3 (UTC)

Sexual Nature
Maybe I'm wrong, but shouldn't there be something about the sexual nature of the thighs, or about how they are secondary sexual features? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.141.3.45 (talk • contribs) 16:59, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

Agreed, This article needs more pictures!!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.108.154.59 (talk • contribs) 20:33, 7 May 2006 (UTC)

I was thinking the same thing, I just thought it would sound odd to suggest it. But since someone else did, I feel I can wholeheartedly agree. Inmate42(haven't signed in) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.142.130.32 (talk • contribs)

I think the current picture is confusing. It really shows half a pelvis, not a thigh at all. Ethan Mitchell 20:06, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Contains what??? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 172.190.80.138 (talk • contribs)

front and rear thighs
I've read that as well as being divided into inner and outer thighs, the thighs can also be divided into front and rear thighs. If so, something about this needs to be mentioned in the article. Gringo300 07:10, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

measurements
Shouldn't there be some from of measurements here also? i.e. the average adult male/female length and breadth, as well as the range that exists in society.

Thigh meat
There should be a reference or link here to thigh meat in animals (e.g. chicken, turkey) - the only article I can find that mentions it is white meat (which has a redirect from dark meat). — sjorford++ 10:21, 1 April 2009 (UTC)

Explicit picture
The first picture in the article appears to be explicit. Is this an issue? 71.123.156.73 (talk) 19:16, 20 March 2014 (UTC)
 * It certainly bothers me. I look up "thigh" and suddenly I see a penis? I feel that the genitalia should be blurred out or a different picture used altogher. Morncreek (talk) 07:19, 25 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree, and additionally I don't think this is a very good image. If you could find another image hosted here or on Wikimedia commons and replace it, I'd be very grateful. I will ping, who is another user who has a penchant for finding aesthetically pleasing images.--LT910001 (talk) 06:35, 26 May 2014 (UTC)
 * I'm having a hard time finding a more pleasing picture that displays the thigh in a anatomically correct way. That doesn't mean I won't, and it is on my list of things to do. CFCF  (talk · contribs · email) 21:31, 1 June 2014 (UTC)

Prostitute
Is a picture of a prostitute really required in an article about the thigh? I've removed it as it seems completely irrelevant and was'nt even referred to in the text.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.88.95.43 (talk) 12:44, 13 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Thigh


text:
Talk:Filippo Taglioni

Untitled
Filippo Taglioni Italian ballet dancer and choreographer. (born November 5, 1777 - died February 11, 1871)

Adding information about the Taglioni family
From what I found the whole family including the father and the brother were involved in dance should that be mentioned in this article?

References for work in progress

 * http://michaelminn.net/andros/index.php?taglioni_family
 * http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9070913/Filippo-Taglioni
 * http://www.ontariodance.com/DanceArticles/article02c.html

Assessment comment
Substituted at 15:08, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Filippo Taglioni


text:
1977 Nestlé boycott

A boycott was launched in the United States on July 4, 1977, against the Swiss-based multinational food and drink processing corporation Nestlé. The boycott expanded into Europe in the early 1980s and was prompted by concerns about Nestlé's aggressive marketing of infant formulas (i.e., substitutes for breast milk), particularly in underdeveloped countries. The boycott has been cancelled and renewed because of the business practices of Nestlé and other substitute manufacturers monitored by the International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN). Organizers of the boycott as well as public health researchers and experts consider breast milk to be the best nutrition source for infants. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends infants to be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of their lives, nevertheless, sometimes nutritional gaps need to be filled if breastfeeding is not possible.

The Nestlé boycott can be seen as special in a sense that it linked human rights regulations and humanitarian activism with corporate responsibility and market capitalism. Consumers were basically acting as global citizens by aiding people in need outside their close communities – mothers in developing countries –, “using the marketplace not as a way of generating revenue, but rather as a space for protest”.

Baby milk controversy
Groups such as the International Baby Food Action Network and Save the Children argue that the promotion of infant formula over breastfeeding has led to health problems and deaths among infants in less economically developed countries. There are three problems that can arise when poor mothers in developing countries switch to formula as well as one list of benefits of breast milk:

 * Sanitation:
 * Formula must be mixed with water, which is often impure or not potable in poor countries, leading to disease in vulnerable infants. Because of the low literacy rates in developing nations, many mothers are not aware of the sanitation methods needed in the preparation of bottles. Even mothers able to read in their native language may be unable to read the language in which sterilization directions are written.
 * Although some mothers can understand the sanitation standards required, they often do not have the means to perform them: fuel to boil water, electric (or other reliable) light to enable sterilisation at night. UNICEF estimates that a formula-fed child living in disease-ridden and unhygienic conditions is between 6 and 25 times more likely to die of diarrhea and four times more likely to die of pneumonia than a breastfed child.
 * Nutritional value:
 * Many poor mothers use less formula for the baby than is required, in order to make a container of formula last longer. As a result, some infants receive inadequate nutrition from weak solutions of formula.
 * Breast milk has many natural benefits lacking in formula. Nutrients and antibodies are passed to the baby while hormones are released into the mother's body. Breastfed babies are protected, in varying degrees, from a number of illnesses, including diarrhea, bacterial meningitis, gastroenteritis, ear infection, and respiratory infection.  Breast milk contains the right amount of the nutrients essential for neuronal (brain and nerve) development. The bond between baby and mother can be strengthened during breastfeeding. Frequent and exclusive breastfeeding can also delay the return of fertility, which can help women in developing countries to space their births. The World Health Organization recommends that, in the majority of cases, babies should be exclusively breast fed for the first six months, and then given complementary foods in addition to breastfeeding for up to two years or beyond.
 * Preserving milk supply:
 * The practice of relying on free formula in maternity wards frequently means the mother loses the ability to make her own milk and must buy formula (as stated in the following paragraph).

Advocacy groups and charities have accused Nestlé of unethical methods of promoting infant formula over breast milk to poor mothers in developing countries. For example, IBFAN claims that Nestlé distributes free formula samples to hospitals and maternity wards; after leaving the hospital, the formula is no longer free, but because the supplementation has interfered with lactation, the family must continue to buy the formula. IBFAN also alleges that Nestlé uses "humanitarian aid" to create markets, does not label its products in a language appropriate to the countries where they are sold, and offers gifts and sponsorship to influence health workers to promote its products. The company not only made use of mass media promotion (e.g. billboards and posters) and sample distributions, they also had sales people dressed as so-called “milk nurses” to visit mothers in hospital and at their home to praise formula and its benefits. Nestlé justified its actions by rejecting the responsibility for e.g. the lack of clean water in many developing countries and further argued with freedom of consumer choice, which in the company’s opinion allows for formula products to be sold in developing markets.

1970s
Nestlé's marketing strategy was first written about in New Internationalist magazine in 1973 and in a booklet called The Baby Killer, published by the British NGO War On Want in 1974. The report helped raise concern over marketing practices in developing countries and served as the starting point of the so-called Baby Killer campaign. Nestlé started a legal suit in Switzerland when the booklet was published in German language entitled "Nestlé kills Babies”. After a two-year trial, the court found in favour of Nestlé because they could not be held responsible for the infant deaths 'in terms of criminal law'. Because the defendants were only fined 300 Swiss Francs (just over US$400, adjusted for inflation), and Judge Jürg Sollberger commented that Nestlé "must modify its publicity methods fundamentally", TIME magazine declared this a "moral victory" for the defendants. This led to similar court challenges brought against other milk companies in the U.S. spearheaded by the Roman Catholic order Sisters of the Precious Blood in conjunction with the Interfaith Centre for Corporate Responsibility.

The widespread publicity led to the launch of the boycott in Minneapolis, USA, by the Infant Formula Action Coalition (INFACT) and this boycott soon spread to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Europe as more and more people were concerned by Nestlé’s marketing practices to promote baby formula instead of breast milk, especially in the developing world. In May 1978, the US Senate held a public hearing into the promotion of breast milk substitutes in developing countries and joined calls for a Marketing Code. In 1979, WHO and UNICEF hosted an international meeting that called for the development of an international code of marketing, as well as action on other fronts to improve infant and early child feeding practices. The International Baby Food Action Network was formed by six of the campaigning groups at this meeting.

1980s and 1990s
In 1981, the 34th World Health Assembly (WHA), the decision-making body for WHO, adopted Resolution WHA34.22 which includes the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes. The Code covers infant formula and other milk products, foods and beverages, when marketed or otherwise represented to be suitable as a partial or total replacement of breast milk. It bans the promotion of breast milk substitutes and gives health workers the responsibility for advising parents. It limits manufacturing companies to the provision of scientific and factual information to health workers and sets forth labeling requirements. The US voted against the adoption.

In 1984, boycott coordinators met with Nestlé, which agreed to create an independent agency, the Nestlé Infant Formula Audit Commission (IFAC), and to sign an agreement where they pledged to fully implement the Code. The boycott was then officially suspended. In 1988, a second phase of the boycott started as IBFAN alleged that formula companies were flooding health facilities in the developing world with free and low-cost supplies, and the boycott was relaunched the following year.

In May 1999, a ruling against Nestlé was issued by the UK Advertising Standards Authority (ASA). Nestlé claimed in an anti-boycott advertisement that it markets infant formula "ethically and responsibly". The ASA found that Nestlé could not support this nor other claims in the face of evidence provided by the campaigning group Baby Milk Action.

2000s onwards
In November 2000, the European Parliament invited IBFAN, UNICEF, and Nestlé to present evidence to a public hearing before the Development and Cooperation Committee. Evidence was presented by the IBFAN group from Pakistan and UNICEF's legal officer commented on Nestlé's failure to bring its policies into line with the World Health Assembly Resolutions. Nestlé declined an invitation to attend, claiming scheduling conflicts, although it sent a representative of the auditing company it had commissioned to produce a report on its Pakistan operation.

Throughout the years, Nestlé has claimed that it is in full compliance with the International Code. In 2001, for example, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, at the time CEO of Nestlé, stated: "we also carry out annual audits on WHO Code compliance with a sample of Nestlé companies, and we investigate any substantiated claims made by those who believe we have broken the Code.... If we find that the Code has been deliberately violated, we take disciplinary action." The company maintained that many of the allegations are unsubstantiated, out of date, or use IBFAN's own non-standard interpretation of the Code.

In May 2011, the debate over Nestlé's unethical marketing of infant formula was relaunched in the Asia-Pacific region. Nineteen leading Laos-based international NGOs, including Save the Children, Oxfam, CARE International, Plan International and World Vision have launched a boycott of Nestlé and written an open letter to the company. Among other unethical practices, the NGOs criticised the lack of labelling in Laos and the provision of incentives to doctors and nurses to promote the use of infant formula. An independent audit of Nestlé's marketing practices in Laos was commissioned by Nestlé and carried out by Bureau Veritas in late 2011. The audit found that "the requirements of the WHO Code and Lao PDR Decree are well embedded throughout the business", but that "promotional materials in 4% of the retail outlets visited" violated either the Lao PDR Decree or the WHO Code.

In a 2018 study, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) estimated that 10,870,000 infants had died between 1960 and 2015 as a result of Nestlé baby formula used by "mothers [in low and middle-income countries ] without clean water sources", with deaths peaking at 212,000 in 1981.

In 2024, a report by Swiss nonprofit Public Eye and IBFAN stated that Nestlé adds more sugar to baby food sold in lower- and middle-income countries compared to healthier versions sold in affluent markets.

Current status
The boycott is on-going, which Nestlé also officially states on their website along with stating that it "follow[s] the WHO Code as implemented by national governments everywhere in the world". The company states that it updates its marketing policy, that it reports on compliance on an annual basis, and that it set up a whistleblower scheme. Nestlé states that it is "committed not to interfere with mothers' desire to breastfeed and to protect them from inappropriate marketing practices by actively supporting breastfeeding". Critics state that Nestlé continues to be accused of malpractice.

Data from 2020 indicates that 136 WHO member states had established some legal measures related to the Code from 1981, however, only few fully reflect the Code. The report indicates a gap in many countries' legislation. IBFAN continues to be an international network, encompassing more than 270 groups in over 160 countries who push for implementations of the marketing of breast-milk substitutes Code and relevant resolutions. The overall goal remains: marketing baby food should not have negative impacts on infants' health.

In the media
An episode of the TV show The Mark Thomas Comedy Product produced by the British Channel Four in 1999 investigated the boycott and Nestlé's practices concerning baby milk. Mark Thomas attempted to find evidence for claims against Nestlé and to speak to heads of the company. In one portion of the show he "received a tin of baby milk from Mozambique. All instructions are in English. 33 languages and dialects are recognised in Mozambique. Portuguese is the official language. However, only about 30% of the population can speak it.

In 2001, comedian Robert Newman and actress Emma Thompson called for a boycott of the Perrier Comedy Award, because Perrier is owned by Nestlé. An alternative competition called the Tap Water Awards was set up the following year.

In 2002, authors Germaine Greer and Jim Crace withdrew from the Hay Festival in protest over Nestlé's sponsorship of the event.

A 2007 article in The Guardian highlighted aggressive marketing practices by Nestlé in Bangladesh.

The 2014 film Tigers is based on 1997 Pakistan Nestle infant formula controversy.

title: 1977 Nestlé boycott


text:
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title: User talk:Feynman~enwiki


text:
David MacDonald (Canadian politician)

David Samuel Horne MacDonald (born August 20, 1936) is a Canadian United Church of Canada minister,  former politician, and author.

Early life
Born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, David MacDonald was ordained in the United Church by the Maritime Conference on June 11, 1961, and was a minister at Alberton, Tignish, and Cascumpec, Prince Edward Island before going into federal politics.

Political career
He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada as a Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) from the former Prince Edward Island riding of Prince in the 1965 election, and was re-elected in the realigned Egmont riding from 1968 until 1979.

After the Tory victory in the 1979 election, he was appointed Minister of Communications, Minister responsible for the Status of Women and Secretary of State for Canada in the short-lived Cabinet of Prime Minister Joe Clark.

MacDonald lost his seat to Liberal George Henderson in the 1980 election but returned to the House as MP in the Toronto riding of Rosedale in the 1988 election, replacing former Toronto Mayor and PC incumbent David Crombie.

However, he lost his seat again to a Liberal majority government in the 1993 election, this time to Bill Graham. Two other notable candidates ran against MacDonald in this election: future New Democratic Party (NDP) leader Jack Layton, and magician Doug Henning for the Natural Law Party of Canada.

MacDonald also spent time in Africa between parliamentary duties.

MacDonald had a reputation as a Red Tory and subsequently switched his political allegiance to the social democratic New Democratic Party of Canada. He ran as the NDP candidate in his old riding (now called Toronto Centre-Rosedale) in the 1997 election, but was defeated again by Graham.

After politics
On November 25, 1998, The United Church of Canada appointed MacDonald a Special Advisor on residential schools, in light of major lawsuits against the UCC from former students.

Personal life
MacDonald was romantically involved with Alexa McDonough who at the time was leader of the federal NDP, prior to his 1997 candidacy. However, they split up prior to the 2004 federal election. MacDonald has since started another relationship and married.

Archives
There is a David S.H. MacDonald fonds at Library and Archives Canada.

title: David MacDonald (Canadian politician)


text:
Hambledon, Surrey

Hambledon is a rural scattered village in the Waverley borough of Surrey, situated south of Guildford. It is dominated by a buffer zone of fields and woodland, mostly south of the Greensand Ridge escarpment between Witley and Chiddingfold, having no dual carriageways or railways; however, it is bordered to the west by the Portsmouth Direct Line, and many of its small population are London commuters or retirees. Its main amenities are a church, a village pub, and the village shop and post office.

History and description
Hambledon appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Hameledune held overall by Rannulf from Edward de Sarisber (Salisbury). Its Domesday assets were: 3 hides of land; 7 ploughlands, 1 mill worth 2s 6d, 3 acre of meadow, woodland worth 30 hogs. It rendered £5 per year to its feudal overlords.

In the 16th century, part of its land was mined for iron ore. This became replaced by the 18th and 19th centuries by brickmaking.

A local traditional legend claims there is buried treasure at Tolt Hill, near Hambledon, but no one has searched for it because it belongs to the Devil.

Landmarks

 * The parish church is Hambledon Church. Its traditional dedication is to St Peter.  Built on top of a hill on Church Lane, its churchyard contains two gigantic yew trees – one with a 30 ft circumference and hollow, with space for four people inside. The trees outdate the present church by many centuries. Each Sunday there are two services the earlier with a traditional theme and the later being contemporary. Today's building was constructed in the 19th century, although it does contain traces of its 14th century predecessor. Hambledon Church now forms a joint benefice with Busbridge Church.
 * St Dominic's School is atop Mount Olivet, a hill.
 * Oakhurst Cottage – a traditional 16th century timber-framed labourer's home, which has been restored and is now owned by the National Trust.
 * Merry Harriers pub
 * Hambledon Village Shop & Post Office - a community owned and run grocery shop, cafe and Post Office.

Workhouse
Hambledon workhouse established under the Poor Laws was used by King Edward's School, Witley in nearby Wormley from 1940 to 1949 while the school buildings were taken over by the Royal Navy. A short distance up the hill, close to the A283 Petworth Road, is the building. It was managed by the Hambledon Poor Law Union, formed in 1836. An infirmary block and a mortuary were built to the north of the site in the 1870s, and these buildings later became Hambledon Hospital, which closed in 1948.

The buildings were used by Surrey County Council as an old peoples home until the early 1970s.

The buildings were then used by the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences until the 1990s when the site was acquired by property developers Berkeley Homes and redeveloped for residential use. Its workhouse survives converted into apartments.

To the north at Hydestile, within Hambledon's boundary, is the site of two former hospitals, King George V Hospital and St. Thomas' Hospital. This 50 acre site has now been redeveloped.

Geography
The village is 7.5 mi SSW of the county town of Surrey, Guildford, and 3.3 mi south of Godalming, which is the administrative centre of the borough of Waverley. In the centre of the civil parish are the greatest number of buildings, mostly linear. Hambledon is centred on a high watershed between the English Channel and North Sea. Two watercourses ultimately drain the village, neither in the parish, the River Wey and the River Arun, the former having a small stream, the West Brook of Godalming, which rises here.

In Hambledon's northern part (and south of it) are uplands of the Greensand Ridge, which can be explored using roads (in places) or the long-distance path, the Greensand Way.

Demography and housing
The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%.

The proportion of households in the civil parish who owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion who owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).

Notable residents

 * Martin Caroe, architect
 * W. D. Caroe, architect
 * Michael F. Coleman, Teacher and British Empire Medal recipient
 * Winton Dean, Handel Prize-winning musicologist
 * Sir John Fletcher, 1st Baronet, Member of Parliament for Hampstead
 * Robin Harrison, Warden of Merton College, Oxford
 * Evelyn Hellicar, architect
 * Damon Hill, Formula One World Champion
 * Jeremy Hunt, Chancellor of the Exchequer and MP for South West Surrey
 * Bruce Stocker, Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at Stanford University
 * Christopher Trace, Blue Peter presenter
 * Ronald McKinnon Wood, Chairman of London County Council

Derivations
In Sydney, a cottage was built by John Macarthur for Penelope Lucas, the governess to his children. She named it Hambledon Cottage after Hambledon, Surrey.

title: Hambledon, Surrey


text:
John Patton (Detroit mayor)

John Patton (March 1, 1822 – November 15, 1900) was the mayor of Detroit, Michigan, in 1858–1859.

Biography
John Patton was born March 1, 1822, in the county of County Down, Ireland, the son of James and Eliza Patton. In 1830, John and his father emigrated to Albany, New York, and were joined by the rest of the family the next year. At 17, John Patton was apprenticed as a carriagesmith, and in 1843 moved to Detroit, where he worked for others at his trade. Two years later, he went into business as a carriagemaker for himself. The fire of 1848 destroyed his factory, but Patton soon rebuilt, and his business prospered.

In 1845, Patton married Eliza J. Anderson. The couple had five children: William, Walter, Mrs. John McLean, Mrs. E. B. Gay, and John.

Patton rapidly became popular in the city, due in part to his "masterly" delivery of reading, thespian skills, and command of Scotch and Irish dialects. He served as chief engineer of the Fire Department in 1852–1854 and its president from 1855 to 1857. He was a Democrat in politics, and awas elected a city alderman in 1853–1854, mayor in 1858–1859, county auditor in 1864–1869, Wayne County, Michigan, sheriff in 1869–1870, Justice of the Peace from 1880– 1892 and United States consul at Amherstburg, Ontario, from 1893 to 1897.

John Patton died November 15, 1900.

title: John Patton (Detroit mayor)


text:
Michael Dibdin

Michael Dibdin (21 March 1947 – 30 March 2007) was a British crime fiction writer, best known for inventing Aurelio Zen, the principal character in 11 crime novels set in Italy.

Early life
Dibdin was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire (now West Midlands), England. The son of a physicist, he was brought up from the age of seven in Lisburn, Northern Ireland, where he attended the Friends' School and was taught by James Simmons. He graduated with a degree in English from Sussex University, and then went to study for a Master's degree at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Career
After publishing his first novel, a Sherlock Holmes pastiche, he lived for four years in Italy, teaching at the university in Perugia.

Dibdin is best known for his Aurelio Zen mysteries, set in Italy. The first of these, Ratking, won the Gold Dagger award of 1988. This series of detective novels provide a penetrating insight into the less visible aspects of Italian society over the last 20 years. The earlier books have a lightness of touch that gradually becomes much darker. The character of Zen himself is anti-heroic, which adds much to the books' irony and black humour. A final Zen book, End Games, appeared posthumously in July 2007.

He also wrote other detective works set in America and in the UK.

Personal life
Dibdin eventually settled in Seattle, Washington, United States.

Dibdin was married three times, most recently to the novelist K. K. Beck. He died in Seattle on 30 March 2007, aged 60, following a short illness.

Aurelio Zen series

 * 1) Ratking (1988)
 * 2) Vendetta (1990)
 * 3) Cabal (1992)
 * 4) Dead Lagoon (1994)
 * 5) Cosi Fan Tutti (1996)
 * 6) A Long Finish (1998)
 * 7) Blood Rain (1999)
 * 8) And Then You Die (2002)
 * 9) Medusa (2003)
 * 10) Back to Bologna (2005)
 * 11) End Games (2007)

Other books

 * The Last Sherlock Holmes Story (1978)
 * A Rich Full Death (1986)
 * The Tryst (1989)
 * Dirty Tricks (1991)
 * The Dying of the Light (1993)
 * Dark Spectre (1995) ISBN 0-571-17523-6
 * Thanksgiving (2000)

Video

 * Michael Dibdin: "Zen is someone I don't know very much about" – video

title: Michael Dibdin


text:
Debert

Debert (2006 pop: 1,471) is an unincorporated farming community in Nova Scotia, Canada. Located in the central-western part of Colchester County, it is approximately 20 km west of Truro.

The community has two churches (United Baptist Church and United Church of Canada), Royal Canadian Legion (Branch 106), a skating rink, a community centre, two vehicle repair garages, one convenience store, and a volunteer fire department.

Debert is situated near coal and iron ore deposits that were mined in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Debert became a station stop on the Halifax-Montreal mainline of the Intercolonial Railway in the 1870s. This railway line continues to this day under the ownership of Canadian National Railway (CN Rail), with passenger service provided by Via Rail, but without a stop at Debert.

Military history
During the Second World War Debert was the location of a Canadian Army base named Debert Military Camp and an adjoining Royal Canadian Air Force station named RCAF Station Debert. Camp Debert was an army facility capable of accommodating division-size units where personnel received training prior to deployment to Europe. RCAF Station Debert was used as a British Commonwealth Air Training Plan facility which saw pilots and aircrew from Commonwealth nations trained for military service.

Demobilization of the military during the post-war brought about many other changes at Camp Debert with many of the barrack buildings and workshops being demolished. Many materials were salvaged from the demolition and reused to help construct numerous new homes in the nearby village of Debert and throughout this part of Colchester County.

For a brief period shortly after the war, the Nova Scotia Agricultural College (NSAC) operated out of the old Camp Debert hospital. The temporary relocation of NSAC resulted from a major fire that had occurred at the principal campus in Bible Hill, which destroyed many barns and academic facilities.

Camp Debert's role as a training facility was eliminated in the early 1950s with the opening of the much larger Camp Gagetown in New Brunswick. The airfield (Debert Airport) was downgraded at this time to an adjunct facility for RCAF Station Shearwater.

A new lease on life was given to the military facility in the early 1960s when Camp Debert was chosen as the location for a Regional Emergency Government Headquarters, also known as a "Diefenbunker". This facility became the focus of the newly formed CFS Debert by the late 1960s.

The primary unit attached to CFS Debert was the 720 Communications Squadron, which maintained the REGHQ and provided communications support to Canadian Armed Forces units throughout Atlantic Canada and around the world. Substantial radio transmitter and receiver stations were constructed close to the nearby villages of Masstown and Great Village to support the military operations at CFS Debert, providing worldwide radio communications.

In 1971 the aerodrome and training facilities were declared surplus and were purchased by the provincial government to create the "Debert Air Industrial Park" as well as a municipal airfield.

CFS Debert was closed in the mid-1990s and decommissioned in 1998 with remaining military facilities being transferred to a local development authority named "Colchester Park". The ongoing residual military communications role of Debert was transferred to the transmitter/receiver facilities near Great Village and Masstown.

The Debert Airport is now also the location of Royal Canadian Air Cadets Summer Glider Scholarship program for the Atlantic region. More than 50 cadets earn their Transport Canada Glider Pilot License during a 6-week course each summer. The Debert Airport also offers the Advanced Aviation Course through Royal Canadian Air Cadets as of summer 2011.

Paleo-Indian discovery
A significant Paleo-Indian site was discovered on the grounds of the old military camp by a private contractor who was preparing a plot of land to be used as a tree farm. Researchers from Saint Mary's University were requested to conduct a thorough archeological excavation on the site. Preliminary reports suggested that the site held evidence of human activity that pre-dated any other sites found within the northern part of Nova Scotia.

The site was designated a National Historic Site of Canada on 19 October 1972.

Climate
Debert has a humid continental climate (Dfb) with warm, wet summers with cool nights and long, cold, and very snowy winters. Debert's inland position gives it some of the warmest summer days in all of Nova Scotia, but also gives it some of the chilliest winter nights.

title: Debert


text:
Zork: Grand Inquisitor

Zork: Grand Inquisitor is a graphic adventure game developed and published by Activision, and released for Windows in 1997; a second edition for Macintosh was released in 2001. The game is the twelfth in the Zork series, and builds upon both this and the Enchanter series of interactive fiction video games originally released by Infocom. The game's story focuses on the efforts of a salesperson who becomes involved in restoring magic to Zork while thwarting the plots of a tyrannical figure seeking to stop this. The game features the performances of Erick Avari, Michael McKean, Amy D. Jacobson, Marty Ingels, Earl Boen, Jordana Capra, Dirk Benedict, David Lander and Rip Taylor.

The game was a modest commercial success and received generally favorable reviews, many praising the game for returning to the roots of the series following Zork Nemesis. A promotional prequel titled Zork: The Undiscovered Underground was released with the game, written by one of the original creators of the series, alongside a poster portraying the chronology of the series.

Gameplay
Zork: Grand Inquisitor is conducted from a first-person perspective within each of the game's pre-rendered locations (dubbed "Z-Vision"), which allows full exploration of the majority of locations with a 360 degree view; in other locations the view is fixed, while some sites allow the view to look above and below their position. Like Zork Nemesis, players use their cursor to interact with the environment, including examining items, picking up and using objects and moving between locations. At times, the player will also assume the role of one of three supporting characters to explore additional locations. If the player conducts an action or mistake that is fatal, the game cuts to a computer terminal on which the player's fatal action and its consequences appear in prose form, much in the fashion of the original Zork trilogy, complete with a score and the player's rank.

The inventory system allows players to examine items they collect, as well as making use of spells to solve puzzles - many of those found are maintained in a spellbook, while others are single use, with several originating from the Zork and Enchanter games. Quick-use menus for spells and inventory items are also available for use by the player to find what they need.

Setting
The game takes place within the world of Zork, within the kingdom of Quendor and the Great Underground Empire, and is set 120 years after the events of Zork Nemesis (and contains small references to it), but before the events of Return to Zork. 100 years before the game begins, magic fell and disappears from Zork, leading to an advancement in technology. Leading this advancement is the Inquisition - a powerful group that establishes order and laws in Quendor, seeking to find and eliminate any remaining vestiges of magic. Any violation of the rules set out by the Inquisition, no matter how trivial, automatically leads to "totemization" - a process developed as an alternative to the death penalty, in which a person (or animal) is put through a machine called a Totemizer, whereby they are imprisoned within a steel can called a "totem" for eternity.

By the start of the game, the Inquisition is in full control of the land, recently "liberating" the town of Port Foozle, and is prepared to make plans to eliminate the rest of the magic in the land. Players take on the role of a salesperson for the Frobozz Electric Company (formerly the Frobozz Magic Company), who arrives as the town enters a curfew. Like most Zork games, Grand Inquisitor employs humour in its adventure, and makes frequent use of parody, containing numerous references to staples and clichés of the traditional adventure genre.

Characters

 * "AFGNCAAP" - A Frobozz Electric "PermaSuck" vacuum cleaner salesperson who arrives in Port Foozle just as it enters curfew. Their name, given by Dalboz, is the abbreviation of "Ageless, Faceless, Gender-Neutral, Culturally Ambiguous Adventure Person".
 * Dalboz of Gurth (voiced by Michael McKean) - The former Dungeon Master of the Underground, who acts as the player's guide through much of the game after having their spirit trapped in a lantern by Yannick.
 * Mir Yannick (portrayed by Erick Avari) - Head of the Inquisition under the title of "The Grand Inquisitor", and the story's antagonist. A former magic student who favors technology over magic.
 * Y'Gael (portrayed by Jordana Capra) - The Lost Enchantress of the Empire, who desires to see magic return and the fall of the Inquisition. Provides aid to the player when needed.
 * Antharia Jack (portrayed by Dirk Benedict) - A famous actor and adventurer, who unwittingly impedes and aids the player.
 * Lucy Flathead (portrayed by Amy D. Jacobson) - A descendant of the Flathead family, gifted with the ability to read minds, who was totemized for her heritage and involvement in the magic resistance.
 * Griff (voiced by Marty Ingels) - A member of a small, timid, and cowardly species of dragon, which was totemized by the Inquisition after failing to escape capture.
 * Brog (voiced by Earl Boen) - A member of a small, troll-like species, who love eating rocks and are strong, but also lack intelligence, who unwittingly totemized himself when trying to hide from the Inquisition.

Plot
The Inquisition liberates Port Foozle from magic and closes the Underground. That evening as a curfew is about to begin, the player character, a salesperson for the Frobozz Electric Company, arrives in Port Foozle and notices a strange glow coming from the docks. Investigating it, the player finds a lantern and takes it to a local pawn shop owned by Antharia Jack, a famous adventurer of the Underground, who offers to look into it, only for him to confiscate the lantern when it's discovered to have magic within it. After framing Jack for arson to get the lantern back, the player character finds it contains the imprisoned soul of the Dungeon Master, Dalboz of Gurth, who urges the player character to enter the Underground where they can talk safely. Once there, Dalboz asks the player to help restore magic to the world, and stop The Grand Inquisitor, Mir Yannick, from purging it and taking control with a world of technology.

Aided by Lost Enchantress, Y'Gael, in the form of a spellbook, the player journeys across the underground, acquiring various spells, and soon learns that Yannick was a failed student of magic, which explains his reasons for wanting magic to be gone. Along the way, they also listen to a message left behind by the Wizard, Belboz, in the G.U.E. Tech university, revealing that three artifacts are needed to restore magic to Zork: the Cube of Foundation (representing Middle Magic), the Coconut of Quendor (representing High Magic), and the Skull of Yoruk (representing Deep Magic). All three were lost in time in specific locations, and the only way to reach them is travel to their location via time tunnels situated around the underground. Because doing so in person would be fatal, the player instead uses the totemized spirits of three magical beings - Griff, a cowardly, small dragon, Brog, a dim-witted but strong, small troll-like creature, and Lucy Flathead, a mind-reader and former magic resistance member - to retrieve the artifacts, with each getting their hands on a specific one in the past, and storing them in a Living Castle that Dalboz had been raising and which the player charms with magic. During her trip to Foozle's past, Lucy grows attached to Antharia Jack, who in turn falls in love with her but curses his luck when she is forced to leave the past.

In the present, Jack, who is saved from totemization by the player's actions in destroying Flood Control Dam #3, unwittingly informs Yannick of what the player is using in the Underground, after the Grand Inquisitor fakes an emotional breakdown. Yannick captures them after the third artifact is found, to stop them interfering in his plans and quell any further action by magic resistance members. Thrown into jail at Port Foozle, Jack regrets what he did and decides to help the player, supplying a scroll to escape with, before the player helps him break out and recover their items. The pair escape from jail with the help of the Living Castle, which takes them to Flathead Mesa.

Once there, the player is told by Y'Gael to place the artifacts in specific levels of a radio tower situated on the Mesa. During this time, Yannick unveils a "radical new mind-numbing" piece of technology, called "Inquizivision" - a 500-channel, 24-hour TV network - which will secretly allow him to brainwash all of Quendor and cement his power. Yannick spots the player on the tower along with the coconut and tries to grab it. However, the player prevents this by casting a spell that fuses the three levels of magic stored in the artifacts. The resulting blast from the spell restores magic to the world of Zork, frees the totemized spirits from their imprisonment, erases all Inquisition posters, and sends Yannick falling to his death. The player is also knocked from the tower by the blast, but is rescued by Griff.

Now freed, Lucy shares an intimate moment with Jack, kissing him, before taking her rightful place as Queen of Quendor and announcing to the people of Foozle of the victory over the Inquisition, the restoration of magic to all, and the re-opening of the Underground. The game ends with Lucy naming the player as Dalboz's successor, and making them the new Dungeon Master, whilst making her second act to be an explanation to Jack about time travel.

Development
Zork: Grand Inquisitor was announced on January 22, 1997, with a release date set for fall of that year. It was developed on an enhanced version of the Zork Nemesis game engine. In something of a return to the series' roots, the game in rough form was written in Inform (a programming language for text adventures) before work started on the graphics, while Marc Blank, part of the original Zork team, was commissioned to create an original text adventure game, Zork: The Undiscovered Underground, to be included as a free promotion for Grand Inquisitor.

The music for the game was composed by John Everett Beal and Mark Morgan, while the game's design was handled by Margaret Stohl. The Macintosh port was developed by MacPlay. Zork: Grand Inquisitor was one of the first computer games to include true closed captioning so that the hearing impaired could play without missing any of the sound effects and spoken dialog in the game. The original release included a feelie poster with a timeline of the history of Zork up until the events of the game, with pictures and short descriptions of major events, including the backstory of some of the characters; this encompasses all released Zork games except Return to Zork, which takes place 580 years after Zork: Grand Inquisitor.

Reception
According to Matt Barton of Gamasutra, "Zork: Grand Inquisitor did not sell as many copies as Activision hoped." The game received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings.

GameSpot said, "Compact and unspectacular as it is, Zork: Grand Inquisitor is a model of adventure gaming as good entertainment. Many of the genre's conventions (FMV, item hunting, absurdist humor) get polished to a high sheen here. It is funny and reflexive without being geeky or pointlessly ironic. The third-string actors exploit their comic trademarks to good effect. Real attention is paid to the pacing of the whole affair, so there are no overly quiet dead zones of tedious activity. And the puzzles are fun to solve rather than gratuitous brain-teasing exercises." Adventure Classic Gaming said, "One of the more distinguished, entertaining games of the last several years, Zork Grand Inquisitor is light and amusing (and in some places, very funny). It strikes a good balance between its tone and subject matter. [...] Overall, Zork Grand Inquisitor is the best looking game among the next generation titles of the Zork series. While it is a very good adventure, it is not a very good Zork." Destructoid wrote an article about it in the site's Games Time Forgot series, commenting "Not only is Zork: Grand Inquisitor a clever, well-written adventure game, but it's also one of the most singularly rewarding games a fan of Zork could ever play."

Next Generation stated that "Overall, Inquisitor is definitely a step up for the series and puts Zork back on the right track after a serious stumble with Nemesis. Hopefully, this will continue. Well done." A brief review in GamePro commented, "The graphics look gorgeous (unless they're animated), plus there are plenty of inside jokes and a good sense of self-mocking humor, delivered crisply by Tinseltown talent. The interface is a dream, and believe it or not, the game supports multiplayer for joint brain power."

Zork: Grand Inquisitor was a runner-up for Computer Gaming World's 1997 "Adventure Game of the Year" award, which ultimately went to The Curse of Monkey Island. The editors called Grand Inquisitor "a wonderful return to form, with the best humor this side of Monkey Island." Similarly, the Computer Game Developers Conference nominated Grand Inquisitor for its 1998 "Best Adventure/RPG" Spotlight Award, but this went ultimately to Final Fantasy VII. It was also nominated for "Most Innovative Game Design", but lost to PaRappa the Rapper.

Legacy
Two sequels to Zork: Grand Inquisitor were announced in August 1997. According to the staff of PC Gamer US, the games would "continue the adventure and round out the series as the final two installments in a new Zork adventure trilogy."

In 2011, Adventure Gamers named Grand Inquisitor the 12th-best adventure game ever released.

title: Zork: Grand Inquisitor


text:
Talk:Irwin Cotler

Untitled
I am new to editting so if I didn't follow procedure, feel free to correct me. I removed the innaccurate mentions of Irwins anti-drug attempts. They were false and biased. Relating to the person seeking refugee for drug charges, it has to go through an court process before it goes to the Minister of Justice. That persons appeal is still in court so Irwin has had no opportunity to even judge the appeal. Relating to the first drug-related link, it was misleading. Cotler actually has pursued the decriminalization of certain drugs and included 2 links to prove it.

Is it appropriate to dedicate over half the entry on Cotler to a single article ("Identifying the new anti-semitism") that he wrote? It's hardly the only or main focus of his career, and he's much better known as the justice minister and for human rights work. If nobody objects, I'll just turn that into a short blurb and link to the article: http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/jewishsociety/Identifying_the_New_Anti-Semitism.asp. To focus on the "New antisemitism" article itself, start a new entry.

Vasi 15:13, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * You can add other things to focus on them if you want to. Unless he rejected his opinion expressed in the article "New anti-semitism", I think to keep that part. --Vasile 16:44, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I'm not convinced that it's sensible to link to content at the ukar.org site. The guy who publishes UKAR writes things like "inciting fear and hatred of Ukrainians is an integral part of Jewish culture" (http://www.ukar.org/tax02.html). It looks like it was already decided to de-link ukar.org from the Simon Wiesenthal page. Could you find another more reputable source, and change those links?

Vasi 04:11, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

I decided to go to original sources, and found some evidence of Cotler's involvement with Sharansky, from not long after Sharansky was released (on Feb 11, 1986).

 * From the Montreal Gazette, Feb 12:
 * Cotler was at the airport to meet Sharansky when he arrived in Israel after being released, where "he watched the Soviet dissident and his wife step from the plane".
 * He "travelled to Israel to draw up strategy with Avital [Sharansky's wife] and presented the case to international human rights specialists in Ottawa".
 * "[H]e met Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's chief legal adviser at the Soviet-U.S. summit in Geneva. The Soviet official hinted to Cotler that Shcharansky's release was a distinct possibility." At the summit, he argued that "Shcharansky had become a symbol so harmful to the Soviet Union that it was now in the best interests of Moscow to let him go."
 * He characterized his role as "acting for the Shcharanskys in a number of countries". So he wasn't the primary defense lawyer in Sharansky's case (which occurred 10 years earlier), but was in a supporting role.
 * "Cotler and others set up a meeting with the Soviet judge who sentenced Shcharansky and the Soviet prosecutor".
 * Also "organized a mock trial...in The Hague" and "[d]emonstrations...in California".
 * From the Ottawa Citizen, May 9:
 * The day after Sharansky was released, Cotler met him "for the very first time".
 * The Soviet Union received a "legal appeal brief he and Avital prepared in 1978".
 * His meeting with the judge who convicted Sharansky was "arranged by the Canadian government".
 * "When she [Avital] returned to Montreal following his arrest in March 1977, she told Cotler of her difficulties in getting a lawyer in Moscow and asked him to take the case".
 * "Joseph Magnet, a University of Ottawa law professor...says without hesitation that Cotler played a 'major role' in Shcharansky's release."
 * "He's the Canadian counsel for Nelson Mandela"..."counsel for Ukrainian dissident Alexei Murzhenko".

There are also articles from Feb 1986 referencing him in the Los Angeles Times and Toronto Star. He's cited as "Sharansky's Canadian lawyer". There's even an article on a different topic from March 1985 in the Montreal Gazette, which calls him Sharansky's lawyer--this is before Sharansky was released.

If you look, there are also find a number of articles from before Mandela was released which call Cotler one of his lawyers. Are there any reputable and trusted sources which dispute Cotler's involvement in human rights law? If so, please link to them, since it doesn't do wikipedia credit to depend on ukar.

Vasi 05:29, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

Ukar.org
I am removing the entire section about the "controversy" about the Nelson Mandela claim. The site that is its basis, ukar.org, has vile anti-semitic content. Totally, totally inappropriate to Wikipedia. -Joshuapaquin 03:21, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Controversy as Justice Minister
I've added this section, since there is plenty of controversy surrounding Cotler, especially when he served as Canada's Justice Minister.

Cotler has also fought against genocide and impunity.
In addition to not being sourced, the use of the term impunity seems wrong. Perhaps: Cotler has also fought against impunity for those that commit genocide.

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 * Added tag to http://www.justice.gc.ca/en/news/sp/2005/doc_31398.html
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20051119195002/http://www.howdtheyvote.ca/member.php?id=72 to http://www.howdtheyvote.ca/member.php?id=72

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Copyright problem removed
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Mandela claim
I tried to include this article in the section discussing Cotler's claims to have worked with Mandela and it was removed. I think inclusion of this article and its contents is fully warranted--at least as much so as those news articles which have reported Cotler's assisting Mandela.Mdeherrera (talk) 20:44, 19 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Irwin Cotler


text:
Chiddingfold

Chiddingfold is a village and civil parish in the Weald in the Waverley district of Surrey, England. It lies on the A283 road between Milford and Petworth. The parish includes the hamlets of Ansteadbrook, High Street Green and Combe Common.

Chiddingfold Forest, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, lies mostly within its boundaries.

History

The name of Chiddingfold 'Chadynge's fold', Chiddingefoulde, is derived from the Saxon, probably meaning the fold (enclosure for animals) "in the hollow".

Between the 14th and 17th centuries, Chiddingfold was a centre for glass-making. Window glass was made in the village in the 1350s for St Stephen's Chapel, Westminster and St. George's Chapel, Windsor.

The village appears on Ignazio Danti's 1565 map of the British Isles, which is on display at the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy.

The Guy Fawkes festivities saw in 1887 the village policeman's house attacked by a mob – he was later transferred elsewhere – he may have set the fire early or failed to prevent it from being lit before time. The event of 1929 faced wider unrest, culminating a week later with talk of ducking innocent Sgt Brake into the pond being stalled by 200 Surrey officers using specially requisitioned buses; the village pubs were ordered to close and a JP was on hand to read the Riot Act should it have proved necessary.

There was, from a date in the 19th century until the early 20th century, a tile and brickworks, extracting and processing the clay underlying the parish.

Chiddingfold has an archive which shows the history of Chiddingfold and the previous owners of Chiddingfold houses.

The Crown Inn

The Crown Inn is one of the oldest inns in England. Built as a rest house for Cistercian monks on their pilgrimage from Winchester to the shrine of Thomas Becket in Canterbury, it claims to have been established in 1285 with the earliest recorded reference to the present building dated 1383; probably when the alehouse (the Halle) expanded to include accommodation, thus becoming an inn. Subsequently, it merged with the adjoining alehouse through common ownership. The Crown has seen many distinguished visitors down the years. In 1552, Edward VI, the "boy king", attended by high officials of state, courtiers, peers and some 4000 men encamped on the village green. It is reputed that in 1591 his elder sister, Queen Elizabeth I, "sojourned there for refreshment" en route from Loseley Park to Cowdray Park: her expense roll for the journey showing two shillings being paid for a tonne of wine to be transported to the village from Ripley.

Night Intruder by Squadron Leader Jeremy Howard-Williams contains the following reference to VE Day celebrations on 8 May 1945:

“We had one long party stretching over four or five days, starting at the Crown at Chiddingfold, where they duly honoured the open booking we had made in December.”

Other

A church (St Mary's), pond, shops and houses lie on three sides of the village green, with the forge on it. Almost half of the land is forested, matching its location within Anglo Saxon England, within The Weald.

The Chiddingfold Scout Group is very active with about 100 boys and girls as Beavers, Cubs and Scouts.

Chiddingfold Cricket Club has active first and second teams that compete in the L'Anson League and is welcome to new members. The club has an active junior section. Children in school years 1 to 6 train on Friday evenings throughout the summer term, with around 100 participating each week. Friday training has become an important social occasion aiding anyone in need of a drink and a burger at the end of the week. Older children train on Wednesday evening and winter training runs for all ages between Christmas and the start of the cricket season. The junior club actively competes in the Berkley Sport Two Counties League at every age group.

Chiddingfold has a substantial doctors' surgery.

Events

The village is known for its torchlit procession, bonfire and fireworks display on the Saturday evening closest to 5 November (Guy Fawkes Day). A village festival is also held every year on the village green on the 2nd Sunday in June.

Ansteadbrook
This minute southern settlement has a brook of the same name that rises just 2 mi west at the larger hamlet of Almshouse Common in Haslemere civil parish and passes Lythe Hill Farm and Hotel, (architecturally in the second highest category), Grade II* listed above where further springs add to the flow on both sides of the brook.

In the hamlet itself Petworth Road, a road east from Haslemere forms a junction with Killinghurst Lane that leads towards Chiddingfold, where all the cottages are yet there are a remarkable line of four listed buildings for such a tiny settlement further along Petworth Road near the border with West Sussex are Benham's Stud Farm and its Barn, Huntingfords and Cherry Tree Cottage.

Highstreet Green
This hamlet also lies on a small connecting road in a very wooded area starting 1 mi southeast of Chiddingfold, at its centre is Dunsfold Ryse Farm and typical of the area, a Grade II listed, timber framed, 16th century house, Quince Cottage.

Combe Common
At the western fringe of the village centre is this common which plays host to events in the summer, and which residents of nearby roads sometimes include as their locality.

Religion

The Saint Teresa of Avila Catholic Church dates from 1959.

Media links
The village was the setting for the 1946 film The Years Between starring Michael Redgrave and Valerie Hobson.The rock band The Stranglers, then called The Guildford Stranglers, were based in Chiddingfold during their key formative period in the mid-seventies, sometimes using the name The Chiddingfold Chokers and frequenting The Crown Inn. The rock band Genesis built their studio The Farm in the parish in the early 1980s; they also rehearsed at the Chiddingfold Ex-Servicemen's Club and side-project Mike + The Mechanics shot the video for their 1995 hit, "Over My Shoulder", on the village cricket green.

Chiddingfold is referred to in a Mr. Cholmondley-Warner sketch from Harry Enfield's TV series, in which a newsreel – supposedly from 1940 – looks forward to "life in 1990" and predicts that the United States would have come back under British rule, with New York City renaming itself "Chiddingfold-on-Sea".

Demography and housing
The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%.

The proportion of households in the civil parish who owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion who owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).

Notable residents
The economist and ecological writer David Fleming was born in Chiddingfold in 1940, to Gold Dagger award-winning crime writer Joan Margaret Fleming.

Socialite Viva Seton Montgomerie spent her final years in the village, until her death in 1959.

The French-born abstract artist François Lanzi lived in Chiddingfold from 1971 until his death in 1988.

The progressive rock band Genesis purchased a farm in Chiddingfold in 1980 and re-modeled one of the buildings into a recording studio. Known as The Farm the band began recording there in 1981 and the individual members of the band have also recorded solo albums there.

title: Chiddingfold


text:
Adam Olearius

Adam Olearius  (born Adam Ölschläger or Oehlschlaeger, 24 September 1599 – 22 February 1671) was a German scholar, mathematician, geographer and librarian. He became secretary to the ambassador sent by Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, to the Shah of Safavid (Iran), and published two books about the events and observations during his travels.

Travels
He was born at Aschersleben, near Magdeburg. His family name refers to the profession of Oil millers. After studying at Leipzig he became librarian and court mathematician to Frederick III, and in 1633 he was appointed secretary to the ambassadors Philipp Crusius, jurisconsult, and Otto Bruggemann, a merchant from Hamburg, sent by the duke to Muscovy and Persia in the hope of making arrangements by which his newly founded city of Friedrichstadt should become the terminus of an overland silk-trade. This embassy started from Gottorp on 22 October 1633 and travelled by Hamburg, Lübeck, Riga, Dorpat (five months' stay), Reval, Narva, Ladoga, and Novgorod to Moscow (14 August 1634). Here they concluded an advantageous treaty with Tsar Michael of Russia, and returned forthwith to Gottorp (14 December 1634 – 7 April 1635) to procure the ratification of this arrangement from the duke, before proceeding to Persia.

With this accomplished, they started afresh from Hamburg on 22 October 1635, arrived at Moscow on 29 March 1636; and left Moscow on 30 June for Balakhna near Nizhniy Novgorod, to where they had already sent agents (in 1634/1635) to prepare a vessel for their descent of the Volga. Their voyage down the great river and over the Caspian Sea was slow and hindered by accidents, especially by grounding, as near Darband on 14 November 1636; but at last, by way of Shamakhy (three months' delay here), Ardabil, Soltaniyeh and Kasvin, they reached the Persian court at Isfahan (3 August 1637) and were received by the Safavid king, Shah Safi (16 August).

Negotiations here were not as successful as at Moscow, and the embassy left Isfahan on 21 December 1637, and returned home by Rasht, Lenkoran, Astrakhan, Kazan, Moscow, and other places. At Reval, Olearius parted from his colleagues (15 April 1639) and embarked directly for Lübeck. On his way he had made a chart of the Volga, and partly for this reason Michael wished to either persuade or compel him to enter his service. Once back at Gottorp, Olearius became librarian to the duke, who also made him keeper of his cabinet of curiosities, and induced the tsar to excuse his (promised) return to Moscow. Under his care the Gottorp library and cabinet were greatly enriched in manuscripts, books, and oriental and other works of art: in 1651 he purchased, for this purpose, the collection of the Dutch scholar and physician, (born Berent ten Broecke). He died at Gottorp on 22 February 1671.

Books

It is by his admirable narrative of the Russian and the Persian legation (Beschreibung der muscowitischen und persischen Reise, Schleswig, 1647, and afterwards in several enlarged editions, 1656, etc.) that Olearius is best known, though he also published a history of Holstein (Kurtzer Begriff einer holsteinischen Chronic, Schleswig, 1663), a famous catalogue of the Holstein-Gottorp cabinet (1666), and a translation of the Gulistan (Persianisches Rosenthal, Schleswig, 1654), to which was written by Saadi Shirazi appended a translation of the fables of Luqman. A French version of the Beschreibung was published by Abraham de Wicquefort (Voyages en Moscovie, Tartarie et Perse, par Adam Olearius, Paris, 1656), an English version was made by John Davies of Kidwelly (Travels of the Ambassadors sent by Frederic, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia, London, 1662; and 1669), and a Dutch translation by Dieterius van Wageningen (Beschrijvingh van de nieuwe Parciaensche ofte Orientaelsche Reyse, Utrecht, 1651); an Italian translation of the Russian sections also appeared (Viaggi di Moscovia, Viterbo and Rome, 1658). Paul Fleming the poet and J. A. de Mandelslo, whose travels to the East Indies are usually published with those of Olearius, accompanied the embassy. Under Olearius' direction the celebrated globe of Gottorp and armillary sphere were executed between 1654 and 1664; the globe was given to Peter the Great of Russia in 1713 by Duke Frederick's grandson, Christian Augustus. Olearius' unpublished works include a Lexicon Persicum and several other Persian studies.

By his lively and well-informed writing he introduced Germany (and the rest of Europe) to Persian literature and culture. Montesquieu depended on him for local colour in writing his satiric Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721), though he used the French translation, Relation de voyage de Moscovie, Tartarie et de Perse. Among his many translations of Persian literature into German are Saadi's Golistan: ''Persianischer Rosenthal. In welchem viel lustige Historien ... von ... Schich Saadi in Persianischer Sprache beschrieben,'' printed in Schleswig by Holwein in 1654.

title: Adam Olearius