text:
Rugby Football League

The Rugby Football League (RFL) is the governing body for rugby league in England. Founded in 1895 as the Northern Rugby Football Union following 22 clubs resigning from the Rugby Football Union, it changed its name in 1922 to the Rugby Football League.

Based at Sportcity in Manchester, it is responsible for organising professional competitions and, in association with the British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA), the community game. It also provides match officials for every level as well as administering the England national team

The Rugby Football League has been a member of the International Rugby League (IRL) since 1948 and European Rugby League (ERL) since its foundation in 2003.

Formation

On Tuesday 27 August 1895, as a result of an emergency meeting in Manchester, prominent Lancashire rugby clubs Broughton Rangers, Leigh, Oldham, Rochdale Hornets, St Helens, Tyldesley, Warrington, Widnes and Wigan declared that they would support their Yorkshire colleagues in their proposal to form a Northern Union.

Two days later, on Thursday 29 August 1895, representatives of 21 clubs met in the George Hotel, Huddersfield to form the "Northern Rugby Football Union" (usually termed Northern Union or NU). Twenty clubs agreed to resign from the Rugby Football Union, but Dewsbury felt unable to comply with the decision. The Cheshire club, Stockport, had telegraphed the meeting requesting admission to the new organisation and was duly accepted with a second Cheshire club, Runcorn, admitted at the next meeting.

The 22 clubs were:
 * 1) Batley
 * 2) Bradford FC (switched to association football in 1907 and became Bradford Park Avenue)
 * 3) Brighouse Rangers (Folded in 1906, now survives as an amateur club)
 * 4) Broughton Rangers (Folded in 1955)
 * 5) Halifax
 * 6) Huddersfield
 * 7) Hull FC
 * 8) Hunslet (Folded in 1973 but were resurrected as a Phoenix club)
 * 9) Leeds
 * 10) Leigh
 * 11) Liversedge (Folded in 1902, survive as an amateur club)
 * 12) Manningham (Switched to association football in 1903 and became Bradford City)
 * 13) Oldham
 * 14) Rochdale Hornets
 * 15) Runcorn (Folded in 1918)
 * 16) St Helens
 * 17) Stockport (Folded in 1902)
 * 18) Tyldesley (Disbanded in 1902)
 * 19) Wakefield Trinity
 * 20) Warrington
 * 21) Widnes
 * 22) Wigan

Subsequent events

Upon its founding, the Northern Union created in league competition with the first season being the 1895–96 season. The Challenge Cup came two years later in 1896–97.

1904 saw the creation of the England national rugby league team who played the Other Nationalities rugby league team in rugby league's first international matches.

In 1906, the Northern Union reduced the sport from 15-a-side to 13-a-side.

In 1907, the Northern Union's brand of rugby was introduced to New Zealand and saw the first ever rugby league tours of New Zealand to Great Britain. For this tour the Wales national rugby league team was formed with the match between Wales and New Zealand being the first recognised international test match by the International Rugby League. On this tour New Zealand played England, and the newly formed Great Britain national rugby league team combining the best players of England and Wales. The Northern Union would go on to favour the use of a Great Britain side over separate England and Wales sides. A year later, the sport was introduced to Australia and saw a similar tour carried out the Australians.

In 1922, Northern Rugby Union became known as "Rugby League".

In 1929, the Challenge Cup final moved to the national stadium.

In 1933, an Ashes match was held in France. The following year, with the help of the RFL, the French Rugby League Federation was formed and rugby league reached its fourth country.

In 1954, the first Rugby League World Cup was held in France and was won by Great Britain.

In 1971, the RFL introduced the 6 tackle rule.

The British Amateur Rugby League Association (BARLA) was created in 1973 in Huddersfield by a group of enthusiasts concerned about the dramatic disappearance of many amateur leagues and clubs. Fewer than 150 amateur teams remained with a mere 30 youth rugby league teams. The 'breakaway' from the RFL was acrimonious and was strongly contested, with a vote 29–1 against recognising BARLA. Thanks to Tom Mitchell, this changed to a unanimous vote of approval for BARLA within 12 months.

In 1976, the RFL created the World Club Challenge, seeing the British champions play the champions of Australia, the only other major rugby league.

1991 saw the introduced of a formalised youth leagues.

Maurice Lindsay became the Chief Executive of the RFL in 1992, proposing the Super League, which replaced Championship as the sport's premier league competition from 1996 onwards. Lindsay returned to Wigan in 1999 for his second stint at the club after Sir Rodney Walker, then chairman of the RFL, sacked him from the RFL after a campaign to unseat him failed.

In 1995, the RFL appointed its first Development Officer for Ireland with the aim of assisting Rugby League Ireland in the sports development across the Irish Sea. 1995 also saw the Great Britain side reserved to tours with England and Wales competing separately in the World Cup.

1996 saw the switch to summer rugby and the creation of the Super League. The competition aimed to be a European competition outside of the British rugby league system, however this never materialised. Despite this, Paris Saint-Germain F.C. formed a rugby league team who competed in the first two seasons, marking the first foreign team to complete in the British game.

The RFL accumulated losses of £1.9 million at the end of 2001, shortly before a major restructuring of the governing body and the appointment of Richard Lewis as executive chairman in May 2002. Within a year of joining the RFL, he oversaw reunification with BARLA after nearly 30 years of division. Lewis left in 2012 to become Chief Executive of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. The RFL net value has been positive every year since 2004, being £1.7 million in 2011.

In 2002, London Skolars became the first amateur club to join the professional system, being the first club to do so in 80 years, and marked the start of a period where a number of clubs moved up, each with various levels of success and failure.

In 2006, Catalans Dragons joined the British game, marking the second French team to do so. Unlike PSG, Catalans would go on to be a success in the British game.

In 2011 a major change to the game was agreed, changing from a winter to a summer game, starting in 2012 with a playing season from March to November, aligning with the Super League, which has played this way since 1996. The regional leagues may include winter competitions in addition.

In 2012, the Rugby Football League were awarded the Stonewall Sport Award in recognition of their work in embracing inclusivity and tackling homophobia. They also became the first UK sporting organisation to make the top 100 employers in the Stonewall Index that measures attitudes towards lesbian, gay and bisexual staff.

Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex served as patron until February 2021. He was replaced by his sister in law The Princess of Wales. Lindsay Hoyle the speaker of the House of Commons is the current president a role which is usually filled by a high-profile individual for 1–2 years with the aim of promoting the game.

Source:

Responsibility
The Rugby Football League began in 1895 as a rival governing body for rugby in England (rugby league and rugby union had not yet formally diverged at this time) and operated in Northern England only. By 1907, rugby league had begun in Wales with Welsh clubs being incorporated into the Northern English league and saw a separate short lived Wales only league being ran by the RFL. 1909 saw the sport's introduced in Scotland, but did not see the same response as Wales. Despite this, the RFL established itself as the governing body for rugby league in Great Britain.

This was the norm until 1994 and the founding of Scotland Rugby League and Wales Rugby League a year later. These bodies became the official governing body for Scotland and Wales leaving the RFL as the official governing body for rugby league in England only. Despite this, Scotland Rugby League is partnered with the RFL in attempt to aid the sport's development in Scotland, and Wales Rugby League shares governance with the RFL over the domestic competition but has full control of the national team. The RFL never attempted to govern rugby league in Ireland but does assist the sport's development with Rugby League Ireland who were formed in 1988.

Internationally, the RFL established the England national rugby league team in 1904, and Wales and Great Britain in 1907. English, Welsh, Scottish, and Irish players were selected for Great Britain. National teams of Scotland and Ireland were never established under the RFL. The Wales national team has been ran by Wales Rugby League since 1995.

Competitions
The RFL operates a five-tier system and is responsible for running the top three professional divisions as well as the National Conference League and various regional leagues below that. The RFL also runs two cup competitions for professional clubs and is involved with the organisation of the World Club Challenge alongside Australia's National Rugby League.

Women's

 * RFL Women's Super League
 * RFL Women's Championship
 * Women's Challenge Cup

Wheelchair

 * RFL Wheelchair Super League
 * RFL Wheelchair Championship
 * Wheelchair Challenge Cup

English national team
The England national rugby league team represent England in international rugby league football tournaments. The team has now seen a revival, having largely formed from the Great Britain team, who also represented Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The team is run under the auspices of the Rugby Football League. As of 2023, the team now participates in all World Cups and Test matches.

The team dates back to 1904 when they played against a mixture of Welsh and Scottish players in Wigan. Since then, and right up until the 1950s, they regularly toured Australia and New Zealand and played both home and away matches against neighbours Wales and France. But when it was decided that Great Britain would tour the Southern Hemisphere instead of England, France and Wales became the only regular opponents. Even then though, there are some long periods where England barely played any matches. Their first appearance in the Rugby League World Cup was in 1975, and since then they have been runners-up in 1975, 1995 (as hosts) and 2017. In 2022 England hosted the delayed 2021 World Cup. For many years England also competed in the European Nations Cup and in 2006, an England 'A' team, competed for the Federation Shield. In the past England's main rivals have been Wales and France, with the rivalry stretching back to 1908 and 1934 respectively. However, England's main rivals would now be Australia, New Zealand and, to a lesser extent, France.

Traditionally a predominantly white kit is worn including white shorts and socks. However the shirt usually features some form of red, like red stripes, crosses or chevrons. These colours are similar to other English sporting teams and are the colours used on the national flag. In 2008 a new kit was introduced featuring a red cross on the front and red strips down the sides of the shirt, shorts and socks were white too with red strips. Also in 2008 the Rugby Football League chose to abandon the traditional English lion on the badge in favour of a much simpler shield and cross design, nevertheless the team will still be known as "The Lions".

As of April 2023 the team is ranked fourth in the world, behind Australia, New Zealand and Samoa. Shaun Wane is head coach and George Williams is the current captain.

Great Britain national team
The Great Britain national rugby league team represents Great Britain in rugby league football. Administered by the Rugby Football League (RFL), the team is nicknamed the "Great Britain Lions", or simply "The Lions".

For most of the 20th century the Great Britain team was assembled to go on tours overseas, and to play against foreign touring teams, as well as competing in Rugby League World Cup tournaments. They were one of the strongest teams in rugby league, though usually playing second fiddle to Australia. They won the Rugby League World Cup on three occasions: 1954, 1960 and 1972.

Since 1995 the RFL have sent the home nations as separate teams for World Cup purposes. Great Britain continued to compete as a test playing nation both home and away. They competed against Australia for the Ashes, and New Zealand for the Baskerville Shield, as well the Tri-Nations series with both Australia and New Zealand. Great Britain also played in series and tours against other nations such as France, Papua New Guinea and Fiji.

In 2006, the RFL announced that after the 2007 All Golds Tour the Great Britain team would no longer compete on a regular basis, and that players would be able to represent England, Wales and Scotland at Test level. It is planned that the Great Britain team will come together in future only for occasional tours, similar to the British and Irish Lions in rugby union.

Board of directors
The RFL board consists of the following:

Young People's Advisory Panel
The RFL launched the Young People's Advisory Panel in 2010, a group consisting of young people aged 16–25 from across England. The national panel meet at least three times a year at the RFL's headquarters to discuss and debate the following:

 * Changes in the structure of youth rugby;
 * Communications between young rugby league enthusiasts and the RFL;
 * RFL policies which impact on young people.

Two nominated members will also sit on the youth & junior forum, a key device used to advance youth rugby league.

Logo
The first logo used by the RFL was an oval shape, representing the ball with XIII and 13 over it and The Rugby Football League around it. The logo was also seen on the sleeve of teams shirts. In the late 1990s the logo was changed to a more simplistic design to the old one. It had a rugby ball shape with three small lines, representing 13 players, and two long lines, representing goalposts, arranged on a rugby ball so as to suggest a hand carrying or passing it. The Rugby Football League was abbreviated to RFL.

In 2017 the RFL had its most radical rebrand since the formation of Super League. The new logo was a rectangular background meant to represent The George Hotel in Huddersfield, where rugby league was founded and 1895 the year it was founded. Thirteen stripes inside it represent thirteen players. The oval on top represents the ball and the appreciation RFL has been replaced with Rugby Football League.

Headquarters
The RFLs current headquarters are at Sportcity Eithad Campus in East Manchester. The RFL first moved into permanent headquarters in 1922 at 180 Chapeltown Road, Leeds, where it stayed for 73 years before leaving in 1995 to Red Hall in Leeds, a Grade II listed brick building dating from 1642. The RFL left Red Hall and Leeds in May 2021 with the building becoming a private hospital.

In 2015, some departments including Super League, moved to offices at Quay West in Trafford Wharf, Greater Manchester.

title: Rugby Football League


text:
Talk:National Aquarium (Baltimore)

made some major layout and form corrections, but probably still needs much work if anyone has time. it was pretty much one long run-on and repetative sentence. ScottyBoy900Q 21:12 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * someone should also add something about the current exhibits, and not just information about an upcoming renovation

Pricing
The correct pricing is as follows:

Option 1: Aquarium Admission

Includes our newest exhibits, Animal Planet Australia: Wild Extremes and Jellies Invasion as well as all other Aquarium exhibits. Adults: $24.95 Children 3-11: $19.95 Adults 60 and older: $23.95 Children under 3: Free

Option 2: Aquarium Admission + Dolphin Show

Enjoy The Dolphin Show "Our Ocean Planet" as well as our newest exhibits, Animal Planet Australia: Wild Extremes and Jellies Invasion and all other Aquarium exhibits. Adults: $27.95 Children 3-11: $22.95 Adults 60 and older: $26.95 Children under 3: Free

Option 3: Aquarium Admission + Dolphin Show + 4D Film

In addition to option 2, includes admission to the 4D Immersion Film. Adults: $29.95 Children 3-11: $24.95 Adults 60 and older: $28.95 Children under 3: Free

www.aqua.org for further information

Layout Section
The layout section is in need of a rewrite. It makes very little sense to the reader. I would do it myself as I used to volunteer at the aquarium, but I have not been there in at least 5 years so things may have changed. As a starting point, the rays and the sharks are not in the same tank; there are no "escalators" only moving sidewalks, and the whole thing about "featuring at first...ending with...but then featuring..." is just a mess. Could somebody who has been there more recently than I please clean this up? -Etoile (talk) 08:36, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Zoo

 * Please consider helping to improve not only this article but all the articles under WikiProject Zoos WP:ZOO Scope. We are in desperate need of members.  Zoo Pro  08:07, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

Assessment
This article has enough citations for its content. However, much of the content is lists, which should be pulled into the narrative, so there isn't really as much content as it seems. I am leaving this B-class but marking it for attention to WPZOO to keep it on my radar. Hopefully I or someone else will have time in the not too distant future to add content. Donlammers (talk) 12:02, 7 September 2010 (UTC)

Animals
I updated some of the animals that are in the Wings in the Water exhibit. There are no Blacktip or Whitetip Reef Sharks (these are fairly large sharks), but instead there are 2 Blacknose sharks (much smaller). Also, some hogfish have been moved from the Atlantic Coral Reef exhibit to the Wings in the Water exhibit. I know this information because I am a volunteer diver at the aquarium. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hoptza (talk • contribs) 16:10, 20 December 2010 (UTC)

Orphaned references in National Aquarium in Baltimore
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of National Aquarium in Baltimore's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "History": From National Aquarium in Washington, D.C.: "How and when did the Aquarium get its start?" National Aquarium in Washington, D.C. From Thailand: Muay Thai History

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 07:52, 11 March 2011 (UTC)

Article becoming an Advertisement
This article is dangerously close to becoming an advertisement between the recent changes by the editor Aquadotorg, which sounds suspiciously like an insider, to recent changes trying to remove the "Best Overpriced" statements. It is funny that they keep removing this, yet leave the Coastal Living mention in without actually providing the reference. Entire sections of this article are not very encyclopedic. How is a current listing of animals in each exhibit encyclopedic? How is a very detailed description of a temporary exhibit encyclopedic? Both of these things are similar to putting pricing information and hours. This entire article currently reads like an ad.Marauder40 (talk) 19:24, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

Requested move 27 April 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved to National Aquarium (Baltimore). Giving the location as Baltimore is enough to distinguish this from other national aquariums, avoiding the issue of being US-centric. EdJohnston (talk) 13:11, 5 May 2015 (UTC)

National Aquarium in Baltimore → National Aquarium – The National Aquarium in Baltimore is now known simply as National Aquarium (Source). Currently, a redirect to a disambiguation page for "National Aquarium" occupies that article title. However, the National Aquarium (Baltimore) is visited significantly more (Stats Here) than any of the articles listed in the disambiguation page (Stats1, Stats2, Stats3, Stats4, Stats5). I'm proposing that the "National Aquarium in Baltimore" article be moved to "National Aquarium" to replace the redirect page, and have a link to the disambiguation page found here contained within the article. I'm consitering this to be "slightly controversal" because of the impact on the other pages, hence why this isn't a simple technical request.  Anc516  (Talk ▪ Contribs) 00:26, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
 * "National Aquarium" is ambiguous. How about National Aquarium (Baltimore)?
 * My preference for inclusion of (Balti more) is on the basis of clarification and is unconnected to previous residence of Birmingham.  GregKaye 07:00, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Understood. I'd be all for that. --  Anc516  (Talk ▪ Contribs) 17:31, 27 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Oppose: The National Aquarium located in Baltimore is not unambiguously the primary topic. WP:PRIMARYTOPIC states that a page must be "much more likely than any other topic, and more likely than all the other topics combined" to be the page looked for. The stats for other national aquariums clearly add up to more than the views for Baltimore. Furthermore, the nominator excluded the National Aquarium in Washington, D.C. in the list of National Aquariums which again is a highly viewed page (see here). This means that in addition to all of the national aquariums around the world that the United States has two major aquariums which are both referred to as the 'National Aquarium'. Currently the page National Aquarium is a redirect to the page National Aquarium (disambiguation) . Counter proposal: National Aquarium (disambiguation) → National Aquarium National Aquarium in Baltimore → National Aquarium (Baltimore) Ebonelm (talk) 10:41, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Update: I have just noticed that User:Anc516 moved National Aquarium to National Aquarium (disambiguation) yesterday. I have reverted this move as it appears to have been a clear attempt to effect the outcome of this disuccussion by creating the impression it was currently only a redirect. Ebonelm (talk) 12:12, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
 * I did this because I forsaw no opposition to this move until reading feedback from others here. That's all. I was not trying to influence anything. -  Anc516  (Talk ▪ Contribs) 17:27, 27 April 2015 (UTC)

 * Oppose: for reasons given above - support counterproposal. Cas Liber (talk · contribs) 10:49, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose multiple other topics. In ictu oculi (talk) 10:54, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Proposed title is not WP:RECOGNIZABLE and is also not WP:PRIMARYTOPIC. Zarcadia (talk) 12:45, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Comment/Alternative Proposal The National Aquarium in Washington, DC was closed over a year ago, so there is only technically one left in existence. Even when they were both simultaneously in existence, they were one-in-the-same (same institution, 2 locations), with the primary location in Baltimore. That's why I skipped over DC in my proposal. The argument could be made to merge the two articles together (Merge DC into Baltimore) at that point because the 2 merged their operations prior to DC's closure. As for WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, I understand it, but looking at this realistically, when no other article on its own comes near half the views of the page, that stands out to me. If DC and Baltimore were to be merged together, that would also likely satisfy PRIMARYTOPIC as well. How about merging DC into Baltimore, with the alternatively proposed title of National Aquarium (Baltimore)? -  Anc516  (Talk ▪ Contribs) 17:27, 27 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose this is the English Wikipedia, not the US Wikipedia, there are other national aquariums -- 65.94.43.89 (talk) 10:11, 29 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose. No primary topic. There are a number of National Aquariums and this isn't American Wikipedia. But support National Aquarium (Baltimore). -- Necrothesp (talk) 13:25, 29 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Oppose original (not clearly WP:PRIMARYTOPIC, etc.) but okay with alternative National Aquarium (Baltimore) as a standard way to disambiguate when there are lots of different topics with the same generic name. Anc516 is not correct that the DC one was actually the same (or even intrinsically inter-related enough for me to support a merge). Per their own articles, they were distinct and unrelated (except geographically) for the majority of each one's history. Their later merger/absorption doesn't alter the fact that they are each individually notable--WP should not be not "now"-centric. DMacks (talk) 13:36, 29 April 2015 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120425232238/http://news.aqua.org/2008/09/30/national-aquarium-honored-with-aza-exhibit-award/ to http://news.aqua.org/2008/09/30/national-aquarium-honored-with-aza-exhibit-award
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130804053654/http://citypaper.com/bob/2011-readers-poll-baltimore-living-1.1206255 to http://citypaper.com/bob/2011-readers-poll-baltimore-living-1.1206255
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130105022919/http://www.aqua.org/news/fact-sheets/overview to http://aqua.org/news/fact-sheets/overview
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 * Detailed illustration of a proposed plan for pier 4, by Jeanne Gang.png
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title: Talk:National Aquarium (Baltimore)


text:
Savoy (disambiguation)

Savoy is a historical country in western Europe, heart of the Savoyard state.

Savoy or The Savoy may also refer to:

Places

 * County of Savoy, a Middle Ages county near where modern Switzerland, Italy and France meet
 * Duchy of Savoy, a duchy in the Italian peninsula during the Middle Ages
 * Liberty of the Savoy, in London, England
 * Precinct of the Savoy
 * Savoy, a zone of Sliema, Malta
 * Savoy Estate, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa
 * Savoy, Arkansas, U.S.
 * Savoy, Illinois, U.S.
 * Savoy, Massachusetts, U.S.
 * Savoy, Texas, U.S.
 * Savoy, Wisconsin, U.S., a ghost town

Cinemas and theatres

 * Savoy Theatre, Glace Bay, Canada
 * Savoy Theatre, Helsinki, Finland
 * Savoy Cinema, Dublin, Ireland
 * Savoy Cinema, Colombo, Sri Lanka
 * Safari Cinema or the Savoy in Croydon, UK
 * Savoy Theatre, London, UK
 * Savoy Theatre, Monmouth, UK
 * Kettering Savoy, Kettering, UK
 * Savoy Theatre/Cinema, now The Deco, Northampton, UK
 * Savoy Theatre (New York City), US

Hotels

 * Savoy Hotel, London, UK
 * Savoy Hotel, Copenhagen, Denmark
 * Savoy Hotel, Moscow, Russia
 * Savoy Hotel, Mussoorie, Uttarakhand, India
 * Savoy Hotel, Perth, Australia
 * Savoy Hotel and Grill, Kansas City, Missouri
 * Savoy Homann Bidakara Hotel, Bandung, Indonesia
 * Brighton Savoy Hotel, Brighton, Australia
 * Savoy Baur en Ville, Zürich, Switzerland

Other buildings

 * Savoy Ballroom, Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, US
 * Savoy Ballroom (Chicago), Chicago, Illinois, US
 * Savoy Chapel, London, UK
 * Savoy Palace, London, UK
 * Savoy Pier, London, UK
 * The Savoy (Indianapolis, Indiana), US

Music

 * Savoy (Norwegian band), a Norwegian-American rock trio
 * Savoy (Savoy album), 2004
 * Savoy (Tal Mahal album), 2023
 * Savoy (American band)
 * Savoy opera, a style of comic opera
 * Savoy Records, an American jazz record label
 * Savoy Family Band, a Louisiana Cajun band
 * "Savoy Truffle", a song by The Beatles

Literature

 * Hotel Savoy (novel), a novel by Joseph Roth
 * The Savoy (periodical), an 1896 London literary magazine

Other uses

 * Savoy cabbage, a type of cabbage which has curly leaves
 * Savoy Operation, a 1975 PLO terrorist attack at the Savoy Hotel, Tel-Aviv, Israel
 * Savoy Pictures, a motion picture company
 * House of Savoy, the last royal dynasty of Italy
 * Operation Savoy, a 2002 ICAC investigation about thefts at the Australian Museum
 * Plymouth Savoy, an American automobile
 * Infantry Regiment "Saboya" No. 6 or Regiment of Savoy No. 6, a mechanized infantry unit in the Spanish Army
 * Savoy crackers, made by Arnott's Biscuits
 * Savoy wine, a designated AOC in France
 * Savoy (restaurant), a restaurant in Helsinki, Finland
 * The Savoy, a 2020 British television series filmed within the Savoy Hotel, London

People with the surname

 * Andy Savoy (born 1963), Canadian politician and engineer
 * Ann Savoy (born 1952), American musician, author, and record producer
 * Brian Savoy (born 1992), Swiss basketball player
 * Gene Savoy (1927–2007), American author and explorer
 * Joel Savoy, Louisiana musician
 * Marc Savoy (born 1940), Cajun accordionist and accordion maker
 * Suzanne Savoy, American actress
 * Teresa Ann Savoy (1955–2017), British-born actress
 * Wilson Savoy (born 1982), American musician and singer

title: Savoy (disambiguation)


text:
Dead Camel Mountains

The Dead Camel Mountains are a mountain range located in western Nevada in the United States. They are rather unimposing, with a maximum elevation of 4803 ft. The Dead Camel mountains separate the Lahontan Reservoir from Fallon, Nevada. There are several small caves on the eastern slope of the mountains, one of which contains many pictographs left by the inhabitants of the area at the time of Lake Lahontan. This area also has some interesting tufa formations.

title: Dead Camel Mountains


text:
AutoAlliance Thailand

Auto Alliance Co., Ltd. or AutoAlliance Thailand (AAT) is the name of a joint venture automobile assembly firm co-owned by Ford and Mazda in Rayong province, Thailand. Modeled after the Ford-Mazda AutoAlliance International joint venture in the United States, AAT builds compact pickup trucks and SUVs primarily for the Southeast Asian market, with exports to Australia and other developing markets as well.

The factory in Thailand is designed to be similar to Mazda's Hofu plant, and is arranged as four squares.

History
Ford's sales in Thailand began in 1913 with the Model T, and in 1961 Ford began assembling vehicles there. "Anglo-Thai Motors Company", Ford's distributor (which sold Ford Europe and Ford Australia products), announced in 1960 that it would build a factory in the country, with "Thai Motor Company" the result. This was the first time cars had been built in Thailand: Ford Capris and Cortinas were assembled locally using components from the UK. Mazda first began exporting utility vehicles to Thailand in 1950. In 1974 "Sukosol & Mazda Motor Industry" was founded, opening Mazda's first knock-down assembly plant in 1975.

Ford brought Thai Motor under its corporate umbrella in 1973, but closed the factory just three years later. Ford's presence returned in 1985 with the formation of the "New Era Company" to sell cars and trucks in the country.

Construction on the AutoAlliance plant began on 28 November 1995, and the plant began mass production on 29 May 1998. The grand opening ceremony on 1 July 1998, was attended by Chuan Leekpai, the then-prime minister of Thailand.

Ford Thailand Manufacturing
A separate second plant for Ford, "Ford Thailand Manufacturing (FTM)" was opened in 2012. Located 14 km from AAT, the new plant has a production capacity of 150,000 vehicles a year, boosting the annual Ford Thailand production capacity to 445,000 vehicles. The US$450 million (THB 15 billion) 750000 m2 assembly plant is fully integrated to support body assembly, paint, trim, and final assembly. Up to 85 percent of the plant's production will be for markets outside Thailand. Initially, it produced passenger cars including the Fiesta, Focus and EcoSport. The plant started manufacturing the Ranger pickup truck in 2016, and ended the production of passenger cars in 2018. In December 2021, Ford announced it had invested $900 million to modernise both the Ford Thailand Manufacturing and AutoAlliance Thailand plants.

AutoAlliance Thailand

 * Ford Ranger (1998–present)
 * Ford Everest (March 2003–present)
 * Mazda2 (2009–present)
 * Mazda3 (2010–present)
 * Mazda CX-3 (2015–present)
 * Mazda CX-30 (2019–present)

Ford Thailand Manufacturing

 * Ford Ranger (2016–present)

AutoAlliance Thailand

 * Mazda B-Series (1998–2006)
 * Ford Laser (1999–2002)
 * Mazda 323 Protégé (1999–2002)
 * Ford Fiesta (2010–2012)
 * Mazda BT-50 (2006–2020)

Ford Thailand Manufacturing

 * Ford Fiesta (2012–2018)
 * Ford EcoSport (2014–2018)
 * Ford Focus (2012–2018)

title: AutoAlliance Thailand


text:
Talk:Literary consonance

Things That Were Removed
Lady Matilda Rabbit removed the above text as it is non-neutral. Hyacinth 21:15, 4 Aug 2004
 * cadences are supposed to be more consonant that the chords which immediately preceded it. Dissonance has a disturbing quality which leads to musical dynamism and a quest for resolution.  This resolution is consonance.

Sibilance
Sibilance redirects here. I'm not an audio engineer but I did just hear sibilance mentioned on the daily show. I think in the context of audio engineering it relates to the crackling you can get in an audio system on "s" and "sh" sounds. A google search reflects this. Should this page be forked or at least get a section on sibilance as it applies to the audio field? —Ben FrantzDale 01:22, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Contradictory statements
In the first paragraph, alliteration is considered a subset of consonance; in the third, alliteration is contrasted with consonance. --Dependent Variable, 17 July 2007

Logical boundaries between alliteration, assonance and consonance
I wondered if anyone can confirm or deny a statement which, if correct, might clarify the relationship between alliteration, assonance and consonance;

"All alliteration is a form of assonance or consonance, it is a form of assonance where words start with the same vowel sound and a form of consonance where words start with the same consonants."

Is that a correct statement and if so might the page benefit from its inclusion? Andrew F. (talk) 10:07, 10 November 2013 (UTC)
 * As far as I can tell the statement is technically true. But the part "it is a form assonance where words start with the same vowel sound" is confusing to readers, and therefore I do not suggest your statement should be included as it is formulated now into the main article. --Spannerjam 19:56, 10 November 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Literary consonance


text:
User talk:Qbncgar

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text
 * IRC channel
 * Mailing lists
 * Current polls

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 21:16, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Username change
Hi, please note that you can't move your userpage to an other username (that would be ackward if someone registered that username). You can, however, request a username change if you feel this username is problematic (especially if you feel your privacy is threatened). Thank you! If you need further help, please don't hesitate to post on my talk page or to put   followed by your question on this page. -- Luk  talk 21:54, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Qbncgar


text:
1948 Dutch general election

General elections were held in the Netherlands on 7 July 1948. The Catholic People's Party remained the largest party in the House of Representatives, winning 32 of the 100 seats.

Following the elections, a broad four-party coalition government was formed between the Catholic People's Party, Labour Party, Christian Historical Union and People's Party for Freedom and Democracy. Combined these parties held 76% of the available seats in parliament.

title: 1948 Dutch general election


text:
Clementine Churchill

Clementine Ogilvy Spencer-Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill, (Hozier; 1 April 1885 – 12 December 1977) was the wife of Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and a life peer in her own right. While she was legally the daughter of Sir Henry Hozier, her mother Lady Blanche's known infidelity and his suspected infertility make her paternal parentage uncertain.

Clementine met Churchill in 1904 and they began their marriage of 56 years in 1908. They had five children together, one of whom (named Marigold) died aged two from sepsis. During the First World War, Clementine organised canteens for munitions workers and during the Second World War, she acted as Chairman of the Red Cross Aid to Russia Fund, President of the Young Women's Christian Association War Time Appeal and Chairman of Maternity Hospital for the Wives of Officers, Fulmer Chase, South Bucks.

Throughout her life she was granted many titles, the final being a life peerage following the death of her husband in 1965. In her later years, she sold several of her husband's portraits to help support herself financially. She died in her London home aged 92.

Early life
Although legally the daughter of Sir Henry Hozier and Lady Blanche Ogilvy (a daughter of David Ogilvy, 10th Earl of Airlie), her paternity is a subject of debate, as Lady Blanche was well known for infidelity. After Sir Henry found Lady Blanche with a lover in 1891, she managed to avert her husband's suit for divorce because of his own infidelities, and thereafter the couple separated.

Clementine's biographer, Joan Hardwick, has surmised (due in part to Sir Henry Hozier's reputed sterility) that all Lady Blanche's "Hozier" children were actually fathered by her sister's husband, Bertram Mitford, 1st Baron Redesdale (1837–1916), who is also known as the grandfather of the famous Mitford sisters. While Mitford is considered the most probable candidate, it has also been asserted that Bay Middleton was her father. Whatever her true paternity, Clementine is recorded as being the daughter of Lady Blanche and Sir Henry.

In the summer of 1899, when Clementine was 14, her mother moved the family to Dieppe, a coastal community in the north of France. There the family spent an idyllic summer, bathing, canoeing, picnicking, and blackberrying. While in Dieppe, the family became well acquainted with 'La Colonie', or the other English inhabitants living by the sea. This group consisted of military men, writers and painters, such as Aubrey Beardsley and Walter Sickert. The latter came to be a great friend of the family.

According to Clementine's daughter, Mary Soames, Clementine was deeply struck by Sickert and thought he was the most handsome and compelling man she had ever seen. The Hoziers' happy life in France ended when Kitty, the eldest daughter, was struck with typhoid fever. Blanche Hozier sent Clementine and her sister Nellie to Scotland so she could devote her time completely to Kitty. Kitty died on 5 March 1900.

Clementine was educated first at home, then briefly at the Edinburgh school run by Karl Fröbel, the nephew of the German educationist, Friedrich Fröbel, and his wife Johanna and later at Berkhamsted School for Girls in Berkhamsted Hertfordshire (The School has now evolved into Berkhamsted School, a minor Public school) and at the Sorbonne in Paris. She was twice secretly engaged to Sir Sidney Peel, who had fallen in love with her when she was 18.

Marriage and children

Clementine first met Winston Churchill in 1904 at a ball in Crewe Hall, the home of the Earl and Countess of Crewe. In March 1908, they met again when seated side by side at a dinner party hosted by Lady St Helier, a distant relative of Clementine. On their first brief encounter, Winston had recognised Clementine's beauty and distinction; now, after an evening spent in her company, he realised she was a girl of lively intelligence and great character. After five months of meeting each other at social events, as well as frequent correspondence, Winston proposed to Clementine during a house party at Blenheim Palace on 11 August 1908, in a small summer house known as the Temple of Diana.

Winston and Clementine were married on 12 September 1908 in St. Margaret's, Westminster. They honeymooned in Baveno, Venice and Veveří Castle in Moravia before settling into a London home at 33 Eccleston Square. They had five children: Diana (1909–1963), Randolph (1911–1968), Sarah (1914–1982), Marigold (1918–1921) and Mary (1922–2014). Only Mary, the youngest, shared their parents' longevity (Marigold died aged two and Diana, Sarah, and Randolph died in their 50s or 60s). The Churchills' marriage was close and affectionate despite the stresses of public life.

Politician's wife
During the First World War, Clementine Churchill organised canteens for munitions workers on behalf of YMCA in the North East Metropolitan Area of London, for which she was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1918.

Clementine travelled to Dundee in 1922, campaigning on behalf of her husband in the 1922 general election while he was incapacitated after having his appendix removed.

In the 1930s, Clementine travelled without Winston aboard Lord Moyne's yacht, the Rosaura, to exotic islands: Borneo, Celebes, the Moluccas, New Caledonia, and the New Hebrides. During this trip, many believe that she had an affair with Terence Philip, a wealthy art dealer seven years her junior. However, no conclusive evidence of this has been produced: indeed, Philip was believed by many to have been homosexual. She brought back from this trip a Bali dove. When it died, she buried it in the garden at Chartwell beneath a sundial. On the sundial's base, she had inscribed:

 HERE LIES THE BALI DOVE It does not do to wander Too far from sober men. But there’s an island yonder, I think of it again.

Clementine edited and rehearsed Churchill's speeches, as well as managing and attending high-level diplomatic summits.

As the wife of a politician who often took controversial stands, Clementine was used to being snubbed and treated rudely by the wives of other politicians. However, she could take only so much. Once, traveling with Lord Moyne and his guests, the party was listening to a BBC broadcast in which the speaker, a vehemently pro-appeasement politician, criticised Winston by name. Vera, Lady Broughton, a guest of Moyne, said "hear, hear" at the criticism of Churchill. Clementine waited for her host to offer a conciliatory word but, when none came, she stormed back to her cabin, wrote a note to Moyne, and packed her bags. Lady Broughton came and begged Clementine to stay, but she would accept no apologies for the insult to her husband. She went ashore and sailed for home the next morning.

During the Second World War, she was Chairman of the Red Cross Aid to Russia Fund, the president of the Young Women's Christian Association War Time Appeal and the Chairman of Maternity Hospital for the Wives of Officers, Fulmer Chase. While touring Russia near the end of the war, she was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.

In 1946, she was appointed Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire, becoming Dame Clementine Churchill.

She was awarded honorary degrees by the University of Glasgow, University of Oxford and University of Bristol.

Later life and death
After more than 56 years of marriage, Clementine was widowed on 24 January 1965 when her husband died aged 90.

After Sir Winston's death, on 17 May 1965, she was created a life peer as Baroness Spencer-Churchill, of Chartwell in the County of Kent. She sat as a cross-bencher, but her growing deafness precluded her taking a regular part in parliamentary life.

In her final few years, inflation and rising expenses left Lady Spencer-Churchill in financial difficulties and in early 1977 she sold at auction five paintings by her late husband. After her death, it was discovered that she had destroyed the Graham Sutherland portrait of her husband because Sir Winston had disliked it.

Lady Spencer-Churchill died at her London home, at 7 Princes Gate, Knightsbridge, of a heart attack on 12 December 1977. She was 92 years old and had outlived her husband by almost 13 years, as well as three of her five children.

She is buried with her husband and children at St Martin's Church, Bladon, near Woodstock in Oxfordshire.

Memorials
The Clementine Churchill Hospital in Harrow, Middlesex, is named after her.

A plaque on the Berkhamsted house where the young Clementine Hozier had lived during her education at Berkhamsted School for Girls was unveiled in 1979 by her youngest daughter, Baroness Soames. A blue plaque also commemorates her residence there.

In popular culture
Churchill was played by Virginia McKenna in the 1974 television biopic The Gathering Storm opposite Richard Burton. She was played by Vanessa Redgrave in the 2002 biographical television movie The Gathering Storm. Dame Harriet Walter depicted her in the first series of Peter Morgan's Netflix drama The Crown, and she was played by Dame Kristin Scott Thomas in the 2017 film Darkest Hour.

She was also featured in Jack Thorne's 2023 play When Winston Went to War with the Wireless, played by Laura Rogers.

Biographies

 * Lovell, M.S. (2012), The Churchills: A Family at the Heart of History – from the Duke of Marlborough to Winston Churchill, Abacus (Little, Brown), ISBN 978-0349-11978-6
 * Purnell, S. (2015), First Lady: The Private Wars of Clementine Churchill, Aurum Press Limited, ISBN 978-1781-31306-0
 * Soames, M. (2002), Clementine Churchill, Doubleday, ISBN 978-0385-60446-8

title: Clementine Churchill


text:
Prince Patrick Island

A member of the Arctic Archipelago, Prince Patrick Island is the westernmost of the Queen Elizabeth Islands in the Northwest Territories of Canada, lying northwest of Melville Island. The area of Prince Patrick Island is 15848 km2, making it the 55th largest island in the world and Canada's 14th largest island. It has historically been icebound all year, making it one of the least accessible parts of Canada. Located at the entrance of the M'Clure Strait, Prince Patrick Island is uninhabited.

The first known sighting of the island was in 1853 by the Irish naval officer George Mecham, when it was explored by him and his fellow Irish explorer Francis Leopold McClintock in the spring of that year during the Edward Belcher expedition. Much later, it was named for Prince Arthur William Patrick, Duke of Connaught, who was Governor General of Canada from 1911 to 1916.

The island rises to only about 279 m, and the area is seismically active.

Weather Station
A High Arctic Weather Station ("HAWS") and associated airstrip called Mould Bay were opened in 1948 as part of a joint Canada-US military effort to support a weather station network. Regular weather observations began on May 14, 1948. It had a temporary staff of between 10 and 40 people. Staff size normally increased during summer months, when the station was resupplied from the south.

During the period of US National Weather Service participation, the site was known as a Joint Arctic Weather Station ("JAWS"). Executive officers alternated between Canadians and their US counterparts. US participation ended in 1972. The station was closed in 1997, owing to budget cuts. It was replaced with an automated weather station at a new location on the airstrip, downhill from the central buildings and observatory. The last staffed weather observations were taken on March 31, 1997, ending the continuous weather record of 1948–1997.

The buildings still stand, but as of 2017, most have deteriorated to an unrepairable state. The station represented the only known long-term human settlement of the Island.

Climate
Mould Bay has a Polar climate (ET) with cool, intermittent summers and long, severely cold winters. September is the snowiest month of the year, averaging 18.5 cm of snowfall.

In popular culture
Prince Patrick Island is the setting for a work of fiction, the novel The Lost Ones (1961) by Ian Cameron (Donald G. Payne). It was filmed as the Walt Disney Pictures film The Island at the Top of the World in 1974. The novel tells of a lost colony of Vikings living in a lost valley in the island, which, thanks to the volcanoes on the island, is warm and habitable.

title: Prince Patrick Island


text: Category:ISO

title: Category:ISO


text:
User talk:IlyaHaykinson

Archive1

DPL Bugs on WikiArquitectura.com
To the responsible of DPL extension,

My name is Guillermo (guillermo@wikiarquitectura.com) and I’m responsible for several Wikis, the most important of them www.wikiarquitectura.com. Which runs both in Spanish and English.

I was trying to install your extension on the Spanish version of WikiArquitectura in order to show some ads and I’m finding some problems.

I first installed the extension on another wiki I use for testing (www.wikipremiere.com) this Wiki is also in Spanish and runs MediaWiki 1.13.3. Everything went well here as you can see: http://es.wikipremiere.com/index.php?title=Sandbox

So I went ahead and installed the extension on WikiArquitectura, which runs MediaWiki 1.15.1. But something is bugging here as you can see: http://es.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php?title=Sandbox

I did some testing, reinstalling, etc. I also commented the problem with some colleagues, but none of us was able to figure out what’s going wrong… Changing the variable $wgDBmysql5 from true to false on the LocalSettings.php solves the problem and DPL runs then correctly, but that messes up all the special Spanish characters of the site, changing them for some piece of code instead of showing the character…

I’m running out of ideas here… so I decided to contact you to see if you have any idea how to solve this… maybe you’ve found this problem earlier or something… My email is: guillermo@wikiarquitectura.com

Thank you very much for your time. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.36.55.225 (talk) 12:22, 9 September 2009 (UTC)

WikiProject Miami - Knight Foundation project
I am currently working on a Knight Foundation proposal for Wikipedia and Wikinews. If I've asked you to join me in a chat and you can't make it, or if you have any comments or questions about the proposal or the process, please leave some comments below. -- IlyaHaykinson 04:33, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I will be working at 12 noon on Saturday, but I will be home by 2 pm or maybe a bit later, when is the later repeat chat scheduled? -- SmthManly  / ManlyTalk  / ManlyContribs  04:40, 11 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, i work 5-1:30 on Saturday and Sunday so those won't work either. Well... I'm interested in it, we'll see what happens. --  SmthManly  / ManlyTalk  / ManlyContribs  13:14, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

 * We could coordinate a personal chat, how did the last ones go, btw? -- SmthManly  / ManlyTalk  / ManlyContribs  15:25, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Monday evening works fine for me, or Tuesday. -- SmthManly  / ManlyTalk  / ManlyContribs  15:52, 17 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Sounds good to me, just gimme a screename and messaging service... you can e-mail this to me if preffered. -- SmthManly  / ManlyTalk  / ManlyContribs  02:42, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

A tag has been placed on List of Medical Clearinghouses, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself. If you plan to expand the article, you can request that administrators wait a while for you to add contextual material. To do this, affix the template   to the article and state your intention on the article's talk page. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. DGG (talk) 01:36, 18 November 2007 (UTC)

dpl for "Index (List of index-terms) for a book"
Hello IlyaHaykinson,

I have put a question on the talk page of dpl: http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension_talk:DynamicPageList#Index_.28List_of_index-terms.29_for_a_book

Are you able to give me some hints there?

Regards,Jan-- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.52.190.71 (talk) 10:07, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

Thats My Mountain Wilson Toll Road!!!
I am the original editor of the Mt. Wilson Toll Road as listed on Wikipedia. The story as it was submitted is the story I tell of the Mount Wilson Toll Road in any of my lectures on Altadena history or talk on the Mount Lowe Railway, another of my original edits. I have never heard of Old Radio.com nor of Benjamin's Mountain. If anyone is plagiarizing, they are. I find my Wikipedia articles all over tell-all web sites. And all those photos are from my collection of Altadena photos. I am a recognized Altadena historian, and that road is damned near in my back yard. It's story is somewhat relative to the story of the Mount Lowe Railway, and those accounts on WP are mine. They come from a myriad of historical tales in Altadena, some published, and some lore. I request that the original text be reinstated. Understanding that WP articles become a matter of public domain, I find it small wonder that irrefutable tales like mine might be lifted and copyrighted on another site. Thank you.--Magi Media (talk) 22:04, 9 August 2009 (UTC)

Comparison of Dynamic Pagelist x Semantic Mediawiki
I have startet a "Comparison of Dynamic Pagelist x Semantic Mediawiki". Please help to improve the comparison and add some information: Comparison of Dynamic Pagelist x Semantic Mediawiki --Jannis, 87.186.25.106 (talk) 13:26, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Research survey invitation
Greetings IlyaHaykinson-

My name is Randall Livingstone, and I am a doctoral student at the University of Oregon, studying digital media and online community. I am posting to invite you to participate in my research study exploring the work of Wikipedia editors who are members of WikiProject: Countering Systemic Bias. The online survey should take 20 to 25 minutes to complete and can be found here:

https://oregon.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_cSHzuwaQovaZ6ss

Your responses will help online communication researchers like me to better understand the collaborations, challenges, and purposeful work of Wikipedia editors like you. In addition, at the end of the survey you will have the opportunity to express your interest in a follow-up online interview with the researcher.

This research project has been reviewed and approved by the Wikimedia Research Committee as well as the Office for Protection of Human Subjects at the University of Oregon. For a detailed description of the project, please visit its Meta page. This survey is voluntary, and your confidentiality will be protected. You will have the choice of using your Wikipedia User Name during the research or creating a unique pseudonym. You may skip any question you choose, and you may withdraw at any time. By completing the survey, you are providing consent to participate in the research.

If you have any questions about the study, please contact me via my Talk Page (UOJComm) or via email. My faculty advisor is Dr. Ryan Light. If you have any questions regarding your rights as a research participant, please contact the Office for Protection of Human Subjects at the University of Oregon.

Thank you very much.

Sincerely,

Randall Livingstone School of Journalism & Communication University of Oregon UOJComm (talk) 04:02, 22 June 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Does DPL2 have support for Actor Migration?
Hi, does DPL2/third-party have support for Actor Migration required for MediaWiki 1.35? Or does it suffer from the same issues as DPL3 which is now labeled as incompatible with the current version of MediaWiki? Please see explanation [Extension_talk:DynamicPageList_(third-party)#Is_this_compatible_with_1.35_or_does_it_have_the_same_issues_as_DPL3%3F here]. Sorry to be a pest, we have several sites reliant on DPL3 and are looking to switch to DPL2, but see that many of the same maintainers are on both projects, and possibly it suffers from the same issue, so thought I would ask. Cheers. TiltedCerebellum (talk) 01:17, 13 November 2020 (UTC)

DPL2/third-party and DPL3 incompatible with MW 1.35 LTS
Hi, I'm not exactly sure the best way to get in contact with the team working on DPL2 and DPL3 (I see you listed on both, and several overlapping members on each extension's page). At current both DPL2/third-party and DPL3 have been flagged as incompatible with MediaWiki 1.35 (LTS) due to lack of actor support (see: T267824 and T6402), causing database errors and as such has been flagged as incompatible on the extension page and not recommended for use on production wikis. We decided to switch back to DPL2 from DPL3 for testing, then discovered that DPL built-in variables also no longer work in surrogate/phantom templates under MediaWiki 1.35. We get the literal text output for the  and other built-in variables, instead of the value of those variables as documented. We rely fairly heavily on surrogate/phantom templates to retrieve template parameter values, in combination with built-in dpl variables and parser functions and I see on wikiapiary there are about 600 wiki currently using DPL2/3. We're trying to determine if we need to stay at 3.33, or downgrade to 3.31 LTS in lieu of the current LTS not being supported. Is there any way that users can donate to the project in the hopes of an update for compatibility with the current release of MediaWiki? Or can someone lend insight as to if there are plans to continue maintaining the extension? Thanks! TiltedCerebellum (talk) 04:04, 20 November 2020 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I haven't worked on that extension for over a decade. I'm afraid I don't know the answer to your question. -- IlyaHaykinson (talk) 18:20, 15 January 2021 (UTC)

DynamicPageList pending archival
I have filed a request to archive mw:Extension:DynamicPageList (third-party) as obsolete at T353927. Your comments there would be appreciated. * Pppery * it has begun... 04:10, 30 May 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:IlyaHaykinson


text:
Richard Montgomery Gano

Richard Montgomery Gano (June 17, 1830 – March 27, 1913) was a physician, Protestant minister, and brigadier general in the army of the Confederate States during the American Civil War.

Early life
Richard Gano was born June 17, 1830, near Springdale in Bourbon County, Kentucky, the son of John Allen Gano, who was the son of Gen. Richard M. Gano, veteran of the War of 1812. John Allen Gano was a minister in the Disciples of Christ and was active in the Restoration Movement with Alexander Campbell and Barton W. Stone. The first General Richard Gano was the son of Rev. John Gano and Sarah Stites. (Rev. John Gano was the first pastor of the First Baptist Church of New York City and was known as the "Fighting Chaplain" for his Revolutionary War exploits. He is also credited with having baptized George Washington in the Potomac River although this is disputed.) Gano was of Huguenot descent.

Richard was baptized into the church at age ten, and at twelve he entered Bacon College in Harrodsburg, Kentucky (Bacon was the progenitor of the University of Kentucky). He completed his course of studies at Bethany College in Bethany, Virginia (now West Virginia) about 1847, and then attended Louisville Medical Institute in Louisville, Kentucky, from which he graduated in 1849.

Gano practiced medicine first in Kentucky, then in Baton Rouge, Louisiana (including two years as physician to the Louisiana State Prison), until 1858. He married Martha ("Mattie") Jones Welch of Crab Orchard, Kentucky, March 15, 1853, in Garrard County, Kentucky, and they had twelve children, nine of whom lived to adulthood. Martha was born October 8, 1832, and died September 22, 1895, in Dallas, Texas. Allene Stone Gano, mother of aviation billionaire Howard Hughes, was General Gano's granddaughter.

In 1859, Gano moved his family to Grapevine Prairie, Texas, in northeast Tarrant County (roughly on the present site of the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport), and began farming and stockraising, as well as continuing to practice medicine. He was particularly interested in introducing Kentucky race horse breeds to Texas. He was soon involved in community efforts to pursue Comanche raiding parties, and was presented a sword for his efforts by local citizens. In 1860, he was elected to the Texas legislature from Tarrant County, where he was active in debates on frontier defense and agricultural issues.

Civil War
He resigned his seat early in 1861 to enter Confederate service and on June 1 was elected captain of the "Grapevine Volunteers", a company of mounted riflemen he had raised. By early March 1862, he had reorganized his unit into a partial cavalry squadron of two companies, which was mustered into direct Confederate service and was assigned to Col. John Hunt Morgan's 2nd Kentucky Cavalry at Chattanooga, Tennessee. Capt. Gano, commanding Company G, took part in Morgan's first Kentucky raid in July 1862 as well as Morgan's raid on the Louisville & Nashville Railroad in August. During the latter campaign, he was promoted to major in command of a full cavalry squadron (his original two companies plus a third company raised in Tennessee), which he led at the Battle of Gallatin.

In September 1862, Gano's squadron became the nucleus of the new 7th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment and he was promoted to colonel in Gen. Morgan's new cavalry brigade. The regiment took part in all the actions of Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith's invasion of Kentucky in the fall of 1862, culminating in the Battle of Perryville on October 8, the Battle of Lexington on October 17, and the retreat into east Tennessee. The 7th Kentucky Cavalry subsequently took part in Morgan's second Kentucky raid, December 1862 to January 1863, and by February Gano (though still a colonel) was in command of the First Cavalry Brigade of Gen. Morgan's cavalry division. On April 3, the brigade was attacked at Snows Hill, Tennessee, by some 8,000 Union infantry and cavalry and was forced to withdraw to McMinnville. Shortly after this, Morgan's forces were essentially destroyed during Morgan's Raid, and the remnants rejoined Gano's depleted brigade. On September 18, 1863, Col. Gano commanded both his own brigade and Morgan's survivors under Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest at the Battle of Chickamauga.

Gano left active service for a period because of illness, then was promoted to brigadier general (though he did not receive his "official" promotion until March 17, 1865) and took the eighty-odd survivors of his original Texas cavalry unit (now called the "Gano Guards") back to Bonham, Texas. There he assumed command, October 10, 1863, of all Texas cavalry operating in the Trans-Mississippi Department. On December 27, Gano's brigade captured and occupied Waldron, Arkansas, and in April 1864 he suffered an arm wound at a skirmish at Moscow, Arkansas. Two months later, he commanded the attack on Fort Smith, Arkansas, and on July 27, 1864, he led an attack on the 6th Kansas Cavalry at the Battle of Massard Prairie.

A few weeks later, Gano's brigade, with accompanying artillery, moved to Indian Territory and on September 19 he commanded both the Fifth Texas Cavalry Brigade (made up of the 29th, 30th, and 31st Texas Cavalry and the 11th Field Battery (Howell's Company, Light Artillery) and Brig. Gen. Stand Watie's Indian cavalry (consisting of Cherokee, Creek, and Seminole) at the second Battle of Cabin Creek. His commission reportedly predated Stand Watie's by one month, putting him in command by seniority. In this action, the general was wounded again but Confederate forces totaling about 2,000 captured a federal supply train of some three hundred wagons and 750 mules, valued at more than two million dollars. In a congratulatory telegram, Gen. Kirby Smith called this "one of the most brilliant raids of the entire war".

In January 1865, as part of a last reorganization of troops west of the Mississippi by Kirby Smith, the brigade was ordered to Nacogdoches, but on May 26, the Army of the Trans-Mississippi surrendered to federal forces. Gano had been recommended for promotion to major general but the war ended before this could be acted upon.

Postwar career
In 1866, Gano returned to Kentucky, where he was ordained a minister in the Disciples of Christ by his father and by Winthrop Hobson of the Old Union Church. By 1870, he had taken up residence in Dallas, where he resumed stockraising and preached regularly. Over the next thirty years, he was instrumental in establishing a number of churches, both in north Texas and in Kentucky, and was active in the Prohibition movement of the 1880s. Western Heights Church of Christ, South MaCarthur Church of Christ and Highland Oaks Church of Christ, are some of the historic church that trace their beginnings to Gano's work.

As a stockman in the later 19th century, Gano imported a number of important bloodlines into Texas, including cattle, horses, sheep, and hogs. He also was a general businessman, forming a real estate company with two of his sons, and serving as a director of the Bankers and Merchants National Bank in Dallas. These involvements led to his becoming a millionaire. He also was active in United Confederate Veterans.

With his sons, John T. Gano and Clarence M. Gano, he formed the Estado Land and Cattle Company, where he served as vice president. The company established the G4 Ranch in the Big Bend region of Texas in late 1880s and early 1890s. The G4 was one of the largest in the Trans-Pecos in that period. The G4 Ranch comprised 55,000 acres in survey Block G4 (hence the name of the ranch) and leased other watered sections nearby. Ranch headquarters were at Oak Spring or Ojo de Chisos, just west of the basin in what is now Big Bend National Park. The ranch extended from Agua Fria Mountain on the north to the Rio Grande on the south, and from Terlingua Creek on the west to the Chisos Mountains on the east; it thus covered most of what is now southwestern Brewster County, Texas. The Ganos persuaded James B. Gillett to resign as marshal of El Paso to manage the ranch. This was land that had never been stocked; at the time, recalled Gillett, "The Ganos had it all to themselves."

Richard Gano died March 27, 1913, at the home of his daughter Mrs. Emma Scurry, 1903 Bennett Ave in Dallas and is buried in Oakland Cemetery.

In 1974, the "dog-trot" house he purchased at Grapevine Prairie in 1857 was moved to Dallas Heritage Village, which is located on Gano Street, named for Richard Gano. The house was originally built of logs and was later covered with white clapboard siding.

Gen. Richard M. Gano Chapter #2433 of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Texas Division, meets in Irving, Texas.

Brig. Gen. Richard M. Gano Camp #2292 of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, Texas Division, meets in Grapevine, Texas.

Gano's papers (which include the papers of John Allen Gano) are housed in the archives of the ACU Brown Library on the campus of Abilene Christian University in Abilene, TX.

title: Richard Montgomery Gano


text: Category:Standards organizations

title: Category:Standards organizations