text:
User talk:SpookyMulder

Physics questions
Hi,

I was going to put the answers where you asked the questions, but I would probably get ripped apart (justifiably, if I'm wrong). I was about to delete what I wrote and then decided that if nobody else responds the following stuff may be a little useful.

 * OK some other basic questions

Hopefully this isn't common knowledge. 1) How do the detectors that can be set up at either slit work?
 * They work by causing some change that persists and can be observed. In order for such a change to be produced, a photon has to be absorbed, an electron is moved up in orbit, a chemical or other change is caused, and the electron falls to a lower orbit, emitting a photon. It's not the same photon, and it is emitted from the detector in one slit or the other, so no interference can result.

2) What happens if you have 3 slits in a line? in a triangle shape? unevenly spaced? what if they are round pinholes rather than slits? I've never seen these variations mentioned. I assume that a different pattern appears on the screen for each arrangement of slits/holes.
 * If you have a laser pointer and a small sewing needle you could easily do the three pinhole experiment yourself.

3) Water waves sent through small gaps make a moving pattern on a screen as the waves move. Does the electron/photon pattern vary over time, or is it static? I don't remember from class, it's been a while!
 * I think this point is one where the model or the analogy breaks down. The crests of water waves move up and down as the waves move toward the far wall. Light waves are not exactly analogous to water waves. Except for polarized light, the "peaks" of light waves could be going in any direction in a circle--assuming that they could be seen. But each photon is observed only as a consequence of a definite amount of energy being delivered to some object in the path of the light. For instance, a sensitive molecule (or molecules) in photographic film will be changed in chemical structure by the delivery of energy. So it's a little like looking at the entry wound of an arrowhead and expecting to see a record of which part of the arrowhead hit first.  All you actually have is a hole. In other words, we cannot hope to observe the wave nature of light by looking at direct manifestations analogous to different water levels contacting a wall. We have to do things like looking at Newton's rings and theorizing from there.
 * If you are looking at a burst of light from, e.g., a laser whose switch was flicked for a short interval of time, then you are looking at a huge number of impacts. If things are slowed down by making the experimental apparatus emit only an electron or a photon at a time, then the pattern slowly builds up. (One of the footnoted sites has a good series of pictures of the actual build-up of such a pattern over time.)

4) If you gradually increase the separation of the slits, does there come a time where the photons/electrons no longer pass through both? Does each particle pass through both anyway? If not, then how, if you send them through 1 at a time, does a particle which passes through 1 slit only know the other slit is there?
 * I think the more basic question is why a photon goes through one slit or the other in the first place. Ordinary world experience would suggest that most of the light directed by a laser or other source of photons or electrons should hit the area surrounding the slits and be absorbed or reflected.  Simple observation of a homemade two-slit experiment using a pointer laser reveals that the screen that holds the two slits is brightly illuminated.  There is no magical concentration of the laser light solely on the two slits.  So if only one electron is being emitted at a time, then one would anticipate that many of them would be absorbed or reflected in the same way.  But until an electron or a photon actually interacts with something there is no actual location for that entity.  It has a probabilistic location, i.e., a curve that predicts its likelihood of coming into interaction with the physical apparatus at various positions.  So there must be a certain probabilistic expression that predicts equal opportunities for manifestation at the locations of the two slits if a certain photon or electron encountered a target there. A laster that is designed to approximate a point source and send photons in a narrow beam toward a distant target would presumably give its photons high probabilities for hitting the exact center of the apparatus between the two slits.  Depending on the actual probabilities of the "manifestation" of a photon on a screen at various distances from the center of the target, one would expect that, in general, the lowest probabilities of impact would be at the greatest distance from the target center.  If I've got all of the above correct, then it ought to explain how the wider the separation of slits the less the chance of transmits an electron or photon.
 * I dont know whether the math favors any particular slit distances.

5) If detectors on both slits detect 1 photon, I assume they slow it down but don't stop it, which makes it not coherant with say, another photon sent through the other slit at the same time? But the article says that the light doesn't have to be coherent for the diffraction pattern to show up.??
 * One of the problems in thinking about this stuff is that sometimes people are looking at (i.e., imagining that they are looking at) one or two photons, and sometimes they are imagining that they are looking at continuous streams of photons. In the real world people are looking at darkened photographic film, sensitive electronic sensors, or bands of light reflected from a white screen.
 * It is tempting to say that the detectors slow "it" down, but that is not actually what is going on. (Heisenberg actually says this with much more economy than I could ever muster. If I had a photographic memory I could probably find his words quickly.) In a double-slit experiment with open slits, a photon is emitted at one end and a physical interaction occurs at the detector. That sequence counts as one event. We can be reasonably sure that we know where the photon came from because we can test our apparatus by leaving it unpowered for a long time and seeing no light flashes on the detector screen. (We become convinced there are no light leaks or other possible sources of light.) Then when we supply current to the emitter for a very short time we get a flash very shortly thereafter. Between times there is nothing to detect. If we put a detector in the middle somewhere and a flash occurs there, then we have, in effect, just moved the detector screen closer to the source.  If we put detector devices in the double slits, we will get a flash somewhere on the central wall. The high probability places for hits are at the center where the two slits are. If we get a flash in one of the detector elements tht we've placed in the two slits, then we have just observed an event--from emitter to detector. Then, if we have used a detector device that does not use all of the energy delivered by the photon, a new event occurs. To the casual observer it looks like the same event, but in fact a new photon is sent off by the detector screen. Since energy has been used to effect a change in the detector, the frequency of the second photon must be lowered.  Anyway, there is now an event originating at a slit in the central screen and proceeding to the detector screen on the far wall.
 * Interference at the detector screen really means superposition of probability "waves" arriving from two or more sources, and their working out by the actual appearance of a "hit." (The movie of the build-up of an interference pattern over time that appears in one of the external links to the double-slit article (?) shows this build-up very nicely.)
 * When we are looking for interference phenomena a few photons at a time, then the importance of the exact time of arrival becomes clear. If one photon arrives 1/1000 of a second after the first photon gets to the screen, it's already all over. The first photon has shown up whetever its own probability wave and a toss of the dice determined, so it can't interfere with the second photon.
 * I think that the conditions for interference must be extremely tight. Consider this thought experiment:  Simply put a tiny monochromatic lights in each of the slits and leave the main laser switched off. If the two lights were emitting photons continuously, then there should be probability waves arriving from two points simultaneously, and they should cancel as before. But two flashlight beams illuminating the same burglar do not cancel out and leave the burglar in darkness. If they were made monochromatic and reduced to point sources would one then notice the same interference phenomena? I think someone would have noticed by now if this effect is observable.  If I had two laser pointers I could try it. But it takes time for lasers to cycle, and the likelihood that (a) they are firing in synch and (b) that they stay in synch for any appreciable length of time seem small to me.
 * If you think of every photon going through both slits, then every photon will "meet itself at the wall." The two versions of the probability wave are in superposition all the way along. It is only when light hits a detector that its likelihood of boosting an electron up increases to an almost certainty.  (Greene says that a photon may "tunnel" and show up somehwere beyond the apparatus that is intended to contain it, but the chances for its doing so are extremely remote.)
 * Uh oh. I'm sorry I got into this. The probability waves are going to hit different parts of the wall at different times depending on how far the wall is from the slits. Just depending on my poor abilities to visualize, it seems that they will meet simultaneously at one point, next we will see two points (where two spherical wave fronts and the target wall meet).
 * Is it too simple to say that things take finite amounts of time? I think I want to find my compass and protractor. P0M 12:17, 15 October 2006 (UTC)

 * It just occurred to me that before lasers were available they used sunlight and a pinhole in order to get parallel wave fronts. I guess I don't know how to think about the front of a probability wave of a single photon. P0M 04:19, 16 October 2006 (UTC)

Re: Lepanto galley number
Well, nobody is really sure how many ships there were, as different sources give different numbers and combinations. There was a big discussion on comparing the sources a while back, but I'm not sure if it came to any real conclusion. Kirill Lokshin 04:35, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

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Dates
... in the text of an article should have the format  Month DD, YYYY  or  DD Month YYYY  but not  Month DD YYYY . Manual of Style (dates and numbers) has more detail. :) Gazpacho 20:30, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

dates in naval battle list
You will see that having gone back to the wikilinked dates, I have been sorting the appearance of the list so that the year is clearly seen. I think it willb e finished ina day or so and then we will have both an easily read list by year and functioning date preferences. On a separate note; "dude" is not an accepted form of address. GraemeLeggett 13:57, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

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AFD
The article Action of 16 April 1695 has been nominated for deletion due to lack of sources demonstrating notability. Since you are an editor in good standing and continue to be interested in naval historical articles, I assume this is a workable stub, but it might help if you could expand the article or add sources showing why the battle is important, and come to AFD to resolve an apparent date problem. --Dhartung | Talk 22:17, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

"Once more" (List of naval battles)
Re: List of naval battles (note lack of caps) There is nothing wrong with the links off the article. Those with action of are followed to the article (I just tried it) and clicking on a red link takes you to edit a new article. I think you are getting me confused with the editor that put all the dates including those that were part of an article name into datelink format. May I point out (again) that messages to me belong on my talk page not my user page. Otherwise I won't get "You have new messages" flagged up. GraemeLeggett 09:19, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

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Niels Juel
Very long ago, you posted a question about the proper spelling of Niels Juel's name. I've posted a reply on the talk page. Happy editing. Valentinian T / C 21:59, 10 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I've posted a new reply same place. Cheers. Valentinian T / C 10:46, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

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Please provide edit summaries
Hi, I recently looked over your edits of Black Death. Although you marked the edits as minor, the change log showed the edits to be significant:. It took me a second look to see that you were mostly changing spacing. It would have been very helpful if you had provided an edit summary, and then I would have rested assured at first glance that you weren't a vandal. Just a note for the future. Thanks and best regards, Icemuon 13:00, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

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AIV
Hi, I'm not a sysp but when reporting to WP:AIV can you please leave a short description, this makes it much easier for sysops to block users and it does ask for you to keep it short, if they vandalise after their last warning then just write something like: * Vandalism after last warning}} ~.

Thank you.  Te ll y a ddi ct  12:00, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

French Sail Navy vessels
Dear SpookyMulder, I'm not certain about using the usertalk facility on Wikipedia, so would appreciate - and indeed welcome - any exchange to be via email (you can reach me through sailing.navy@btinternet.com). I'm a naval historian, specialist in naval vessels of the Age of Sail and the author of several books on British (and other) warships on the pre-1900 era - perhaps you're familiar with my books on "The 50-gun ship" or "British Warships in the Age of Sail" (the latter is being published as a series in several volumes). I've undertaken a large amount of research over the years, both in Britain (I'm a reader at the NMM,PRO, etc), France and elsewhere, from which most of my information is taken (I have also benefitted from the original research of others who have generously passed their findings on to me). I have what I believe is a complete record of French Naval vessels from 1700 onwards (I will tackle the 17th century later). I have made a start on the articles on French ships of the Line and French sail frigates, but have an awful lot more work to do (frankly, the MAJORITY of ships are missing from the Wikipedia lists) which will doubtless occur piecemeal over coming months. I'd certainly welcome any help you care to give. Regards, Rif Winfield

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Please use edit summaries
Hello. Please be courteous to other editors and use edit summaries when updating articles. The Mathbot tool shows your usage of edit summaries to be very low:

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Release Version Nominations/Set Nominations/Wars of Africa
Hi SpookyMulder. Could you please have a look at the link and see if you can help? Some articles are needing more references in order to get released. You can leave your comments at the page as well. Thanks in advance. -- FayssalF  - Wiki me up®  17:17, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

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Ironclad warship
I've made some changes following your comments at the recent A-class review of Ironclad warship and would be interested to hear your thoughts before renominating. Many thanks, The Land 14:00, 16 June 2007 (UTC)

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French ship Marat (1794)
A tag has been placed on French ship Marat (1794), requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

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Thanks and Happy New Year
Firstly, let me wish you a very happy New Year and thank you for your help in the Milhist Tag & Assess 2007 drive.

Secondly, although the Tag & Assess 2007 drive is now officially closed, you are very welcome to continue tagging and assessing until 31 January 2008. Any articles you tag and assess during this time will be credited fully to your tagging tally for further award purposes.

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Vasa (ship)
Hello - you recently made a bunch of tweaks to Vasa (ship). Several were good, but I have some issues with a few changes you implemented so I've reverted you for now.

 * Don't change date formatting from one preference style to another. The dates in the article uses the American formatting of Month Day, Year. Your edit made the article inconsistent, and generally one shouldn't change the format once one style has been decided upon.
 * The cannon numbers were spelled out for easier reading so several numbers wouldn't repeat.
 * Century should not be capitalized according to WP:MOSDATE.

Thanks, henrik •talk  01:24, 5 January 2008 (UTC)

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News! Tag & Assess 2008 is coming ...
Milhist's new drive – Tag & Assess 2008 – goes live on April 25 and you are cordially invited to participate. This time, the task is housekeeping. As ever, there are awards galore, plus there's a bit of friendly competition built-in, with a race for bronze, silver and gold wikis! You can sign up, in advance, here. I look forward to seeing you on the drive page! All the best, -- R OGER D AVIES  talk 13:21, 23 April 2008 (UTC)

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Proposed deletion of List of Turkish early battleships
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article List of Turkish early battleships, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

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Anthony Roll at FAC
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Greetings from WikiProject Military history! As a member of the project, you are invited to take part in our annual project coordinator election, which will determine our coordinators for the next twelve months. If you wish to cast a vote, please do so on the election page by 23:59 (UTC) on 28 September! Ed [talk] [majestic titan] 22:16, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history coordinator election
Greetings from WikiProject Military history! As a member of the project, you are invited to take part in our annual project coordinator election. If you wish to cast a vote, please do so on the election page by 23:59 (UTC) on 29 September. Yours, Ed [talk] [majestic titan] 05:22, 25 September 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:50, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

User group for Military Historians
Greetings,

"Military history" is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians.

MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 11:30, 21 December 2017 (UTC)

S-boat
Hi, I'm uncertain if you too are in favour of the title of the page to be changed to S-boat with a redirect from E-boat? I changed all the E's in the article text to S, but had the edit changed back to E. I tried again as it seemed that most people on the talk page agreed that they should be referred to as S-boats instead of E-boats, but again, it was changed back to E-boats. I never said the page should title should be changed, just the text, it seems weird to say E-boat then have an S number after it. What do you think? Troy von Tempest (talk) 07:54, 20 July 2018 (UTC)

Nomination of List of battleships by country for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article List of battleships by country is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/List of battleships by country until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.  Kees08  (Talk)   19:14, 5 July 2019 (UTC)

April 2021 WikiProject Military History Reviewing Drive
Hey y'all, the April 2021 WikiProject Military History Reviewing Drive begins at 00:01 UTC on April 1, 2021 and runs through 23:59 UTC on April 31, 2021. Points can be earned through reviewing articles on the AutoCheck report, reviewing articles listed at WP:MILHIST/ASSESS, reviewing MILHIST-tagged articles at WP:GAN or WP:FAC, and reviewing articles submitted at WP:MILHIST/ACR. Service awards and barnstars are given for set points thresholds, and the top three finishers will receive further awards. To participate, sign up at WikiProject_Military_History/April 2021 Reviewing Drive and create a worklist at WikiProject Military history/April 2021 Reviewing Drive/Worklists (examples are given). Further details can be found at the drive page. Questions can be asked at the drive talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 17:24, 31 March 2021 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Action of 31 July 1712

The article Action of 31 July 1712 has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "No WP:SIGCOV in WP:RS."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. AirshipJungleman29 (talk) 16:14, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:SpookyMulder


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Godinotia

Godinotia is an extinct genus of strepsirrhine primate belonging to the Adapidae family. It lived during the Eocene epoch (49 million years ago), and its fossils have been found in the Messel Pit, Germany.

Size
Godinotia were about 30 cm long, excluding the tail, smaller than a domestic cat.

Discovery and species
The genus is named after primate researcher Marc Godinot.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Godinotia


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Men (kendo)

 * Men, written with the kanji (面) means "face" or "helmet".

Men is one of the five strikes in kendo (along with tsuki, dō, hidari kote and migi kote). It is a long slashing stroke that falls on the centre-line of the head. Men also designates the movement, the target, and the part of the kendo armour that covers the whole head. The kiai for this strike, as for all strikes in kendo, is the name of the target area.

The men strike is executed as a vertical slash in numerous ways. The basic technique is to raise the shinai or sword such that it is forty-five degrees from the vertical behind the swordsman's head, with the tip either directly above the tsuba or directly above the right point of the acromion (as viewed from the front), and the left hand exactly one fist from the forehead. From this position, power is given from the left hand to bring the sword down. At the point at which the shinai strikes the opponent, both right and left hands should be squeezed for a second which is called tenouchi, (手の内) also the right arm must be exactly parallel with the ground and at shoulder height. The shoulders should be relaxed. At the moment of the strike, both hands should flex inwards in a movement called shibori, (絞り) the Japanese verb for "to wring out (a cloth)". This flexion should only be maintained for an instant. It serves to make the strike clean, fast, and bring the shinai off the target area such that a follow-up strike can be made with great ease.

Sa-yu men (左右面) strikes - or hidari (left, 左) and migi (right, 右) men, respectively - are variants on the men strike and are made at points either fifteen degrees to the left or right of centreline as drawn from the point between the eyes to the top of the head. This strike is made only with a subtle variation on the basic men technique. The tip is simply directed slightly more left or right as it is cocked back into the ready position.

Men is the first and most practiced strike in kendo. It is a favourable attack for those with a height advantage.

title: Men (kendo)


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Mtwara Region

Mtwara Region (Mkoa wa Mtwara in Swahili) is one of Tanzania's 31 administrative regions. The regional capital is the municipality of Mtwara. Mtwara Region is home to one of the most infuluencial people in Tanzania, the Makonde. Mtwara is home to Tanzania's 4th president Benjamin Mkapa and is home to a number of influential artists. The boundary with Mozambique to the south is formed by the Ruvuma River. To the west, Mtwara is bordered by Ruvuma Region, to the north by Lindi Region, and to the east is the Indian Ocean.

Mtwara Region is home for being the nation's largest producer of Cashew nuts. According to the 2012 national census, the region had a population of 1,270,854, which was lower than the pre-census projection of 1,374,767. For 2002-2012, the region's 1.2 percent average annual population growth rate was the 26th highest in the country. It was also the fourteenth most densely populated region with 76 people per square kilometer.

Population
The native peoples of the Mtwara Region are the Makonde, the Yao and the Makua. The Makonde are the dominant ethnic group in Mtwara Region and are native to east and central Mtwara, specifically in Mtwara-Mikindani District, Mtwara District, Newala, and Tandahimba districts. As of 1967, the Makonde made up 60% of the region. The second-largest group in terms of the territory is the Makua people, who are native to Nanyumbu and Masasi Districts. The Yao are native to parts Tandahimba District. Since 1988, the region has been facing mass migration as younger people seek economic opportunities in Dar es Salaam creating a vibrant Makonde community in Temeke District of Dar es Dalaam especially in Mbagala, which is named after the Mbagala River located in Mtwara Region.

Groundnut scheme during the British colonial occupation
In 1948, the British Government formulated the "Tanganyika groundnut scheme" through the Overseas Food Corporation (OFC). The purpose was to alleviate the worldwide shortage of vegetable oils; however, inadequate research and adverse environmental conditions due to poor planning resulted in the complete and disastrous failure of the scheme. In this region, the exported crop was to go through the port of Mtwara. This port was created for the scheme; it was linked to the growing areas near Nachingwea by a new railway.

Mtwara was part of Lindi Region until 1971.

Geography
Mtwara is both the most eastern and southern region in the country. The region is located between 10 and 11 degrees south of the Equator. Mtwara is the third smallest region after Dar es Salaam Region and Kilimanjaro Region at 16,710 km2. The area occupied 1.9% of the country. In comparison, Mtwara is slightly smaller than the African nation of Eswatini at 17,230 square kilometers. Mtwara's central area is of high elevation, home to the Makonde plateau with Mtwara Region's highest point being Masasi peak at 837 meters above sea level. The largest and longest river in Mtwara Region is the Ruvuma River which is fed by the Mbangala River within the region as one of Ruvuma's many tributaries.

Climate
The rainy season, which runs from November/December to April/May, has only one peak. The storm's peak typically occurs in January, but may also occur in February or March. The overall amount of annual precipitation varies with height. Rainfall in the Mtwara district ranges from 935 mm to 116 mm in the highlands and plateau. At Masasi Mission, the rainfall is 893 mm, whereas at Newala, it is 1001 mm. It also ranges between Mtopwa and Lukwika Mission, ranging from 1133 mm to 832 mm.Similarly, the highest monthly mean temperature at Mtwara on the seashore in December is 27 degrees Celsius, while the lowest monthly mean temperature is 23 degrees Celsius in July. In Mtwara, relative humidity ranges from 87 percent in March to 79 percent in October. Inland, temperatures and humidity are lower.

Geology
Soils are determined by geology. There are two geological zones in the region, resulting in two geologically determined soil types. The first zone is the coastal sedimentary deposit, which stretches 31 125 kilometers from the Indian Ocean to the tip of Newala's Makonde Plateau. Deep, well-drained, sandy soils with poor fertility and moisture holding capacity are produced in this zone. Sandstones are used to make them. Marine heavy clay soils, also known as vertisols, are found in some regions. Coastal limestones also provide red, well-drained soils with a thick texture. The second zone extends west of the coastal sediments geologically. Gneisses and granulites make up this zone of pre-cambrian basement rocks. The soils in this basement are diverse. To the north of Masasi town, there are deep, well-drained red clays. These are the best soils in the area since they are most suited to the region's upland crops. Course-grained sandy soils are common south of Masasi.

The region is separated into two sections in terms of topography. The coastal plain's landforms are complicated. Second, at 300mm to 400mm, the Makonde Plateau dominates the basement plain. It's mostly low-lying, with scattered rocky outcroppings and steep riverbanks. The western part, which is beyond the Makonde Plateau, flows to the south via the Ruvuma River's tributaries. The Makonde Plateau is drained by the Maombi and Mbuo rivers.

Economy
Mtwara, like the rest of Tanzania, is mostly a farming community. Farming is the main source of income for the region's residents. Agribusiness employs over 92 percent of the population, in addition to other rural activities such as fishing, beekeeping, and small-scale manufacturing. Arable land makes up about 85 percent of the region's total area. However, only about a quarter of this is cultivated. The average farm size per rural home (169,482 households - 1988 Census) is projected to be 1.5 ha, with an average of 4.4 people.

Mechanization and oxenization of farms are still developing. In this area, the hand hoe is the most popular agricultural implement. Cassava, millet, and sorghum are all important food crops. Maize has only recently gained popularity. The most important cash crop in the area is cashew nuts. Groundnuts and sesame are two others. Because livestock rearing is not a common practice among the people of the region, its economic contribution is negligible. The cashewnut crop, which accounts for about 25% of the region's GDP, is one of Mtwara's significant contributors. The Mtwara Region produces 40% of the country's cashew nut production. Tanzanian cashew nut production is mostly for export. Domestically, only a small portion of the yield is consumed. The Mtwara Region is officially recognized as the country's leading cashew nut grower. This region produces roughly half of the country's output. Newala district produces more over half of the region's cashewnut harvest. Masasi comes in second with a 29 percent contribution, and Mtwara district comes in last with a 19 percent average contribution.

The mining industry in the region has a bright future. On a limited scale, 35 minerals have been discovered and mined. The Masasi District has been mining sapphire, christalbella, alexandrite, tourmaline, and rhodolite since 1995.

National Parks and Forest Reserves
Mtwara Region is home to the Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park that is one of the largest marine parks in the country. The marine park is a sanctuary for breeding Humpback whales. Forest reserves occupy about 8.33 percent of the region's 1,672,000 ha of land. This area is 139,295 hectares. Masasi district has the greatest amount of forest cover in the region. The central government manages 130,545 hectares of forest reserves. This equates to 93.7 percent. District councils possess another 8,749 hectares, or 6.3 percent of total forest reserves. In total, there are 16 forest reserves in the region. The majority of them are located in the Masasi district.

Districts
Mtwara Region is divided into two towns (Mtwara Municipal and Masasi Town) and seven districts, each administered by a council:

Notable Persons from Mtwara Region
2022-2027 (Ambassador of Mtwara)
 * Benjamin Mkapa, former Tanzanian president.
 * sameer murji, Member of the UVCCM National Council Tanzanian
 * Harmonize, Tanzanian musician.
 * A.Y, Tanzanian rapper
 * Hasnain Murji, former member of parliament of Tanzania

title: Mtwara Region


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Captain Boomerang

Captain Boomerang is the name of two supervillains appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, who respectively serve as enemies to both the Barry Allen and Wally West versions of the Flash. Created by writer John Broome and artist Carmine Infantino, the first Captain Boomerang, George "Digger" Harkness, first appeared in The Flash #117 (December 1960). He has also been a prominent member of the Suicide Squad since its second iteration in the late 1980s. During the 2004 storyline Identity Crisis, George Harkness is killed and his son, Owen Mercer, created by Brad Meltzer and Michael Turner, takes over his father's role as Captain Boomerang for a period of time. However, during the 2009–2010 Blackest Night storyline, Owen is killed and Harkness returns to life, resuming his role as Captain Boomerang, and, overwhelmed by grief and rage, evolves as a dangerous threat after the loss of his son.

Both Harkness and Mercer have been adapted from the comics into various forms of media, including television series, feature films, and video games. In particular, Harkness appeared in the Arrowverse television series Arrow, portrayed by Nick E. Tarabay, and the DC Extended Universe films Suicide Squad (2016) and The Suicide Squad (2021), portrayed by Jai Courtney. Additionally, Mercer appears in the Arrowverse series The Flash, portrayed by Richard Harmon.

Publication history
George "Digger" Harkness appeared in The Flash #117 (December 1960) and was created by writer John Broome and artist Carmine Infantino. Throughout the first several years of the character's existence, Captain Boomerang spoke with an American accent. Beginning in the late 1980s, he developed an Australian accent.

Owen Mercer first appeared in Identity Crisis #2 (2004), and was created by Brad Meltzer and Rags Morales.

George "Digger" Harkness
Secretly the illegitimate son of an American soldier and an Australian woman, Harkness was raised in an Australian town called Korumburra in poverty, during which time he developed great skill in making boomerangs, and in using them as weapons. As a young adult, he was hired as a performer and boomerang promoter by a toy company which was, unbeknownst to him, owned by his biological father. It was at this time that he developed the Captain Boomerang persona that he would continue to use in his later criminal career. Audiences ridiculed him, and a resentful Harkness turned to using his boomerangs for crime.

When he began committing crimes, he threw suspicion off himself by briefly pretending another man was impersonating him, showing his 'parents', (really other crooks) to the Flash after the Flash caught him next to a crime scene. He nearly succeeded in killing the Flash after knocking him out with a boomerang, then tying him to a giant boomerang that he fired, which then got sent into space and then fell into the ocean. However, the Flash was able to escape from his friction-proof bonds by quickly vibrating his molecules. He also increased the boomerang's velocity so much he was able to use it to defeat and jail Harkness and the two crooks.

He became a recurring enemy of the Flash, typically by devising altered boomerangs which could produce astonishing effects (some would explode, others had razor-sharp edges, etc.), and using them ruthlessly. He became a staple member of the Rogues, a group of villains dedicated to opposing Flash, and who were first organized after Gorilla Grodd broke them out of jail. Though captured when Flash made their weapons hit each other, they continued to act together.

Later on, Harkness became a less-than-effective member of the Suicide Squad in exchange for being pardoned for his crimes. However, Captain Boomerang's grating personality and blatant racism (among other things, he constantly referred to black team member Bronze Tiger as an "Abo") caused considerable friction among his teammates, and he was considered to be a dangerous, vicious, cowardly and undependable member of the team—dysfunctional even by the Squad's standards and the equivalent of a class clown.

Amanda Waller, the Squad's commanding officer, characterized Captain Boomerang as "a jerk and a screw-up". This was not an undeserved reputation, as, among other things, Harkness simply watched as his teammate Mindboggler was shot in the back, even while he could have easily saved her (Mindboggler had earlier used her mind-manipulating abilities on Harkness to shut him up when he was verbally abusing another team member). He also manipulated another team member, Slipknot, into running away from the action just to see if the explosive bracelets the Squad members wore really did activate if the wearer attempted to escape (unfortunately for Slipknot, they did). He was scared to learn Ifrit, an artificial intelligence used by the rival team the Onslaught, had been created based upon Mindboggler's thought patterns, and revealed what had happened.

While in the Squad, Harkness also briefly took up the mantle of Mirror Master to commit robberies. However, this career was cut short when he was caught and brought to Waller, who put an end to it by tricking him into a fake assault scene where he was forced to change constantly between Mirror Master and Captain Boomerang. She rescinded the benefits Harkness had been given such as his apartment in New Orleans and his status as a voluntary member of the Squad.

Many times Digger would have to be tricked into battle, but when faced with enemies he proved more than competent in upholding his end of the fight. Harkness also would play a few undercover roles for the Squad, convincingly managing to be other slimy, criminal types. Later, Digger would try a simple series of pranks for amusement, hitting various members of the Squad with pies. For a time, suspicion had been diverted from him because he had used his skills to pie himself, seemingly being hit by the 'assailant' from behind a wall. When the Squad confronted Digger as the culprit, he lost his temper and shouted that they could not really punish him since he was already in prison and in the Suicide Squad. He asked Waller, "What are you going to do about it, Fat Lady?!" Waller dropped him from a helicopter onto a deserted island.

Due to various events, mainly Waller breaking many rules by having a criminal gang ruthlessly gunned down, the Squad broke up for a year. When Waller was approached again because she was needed, she reformed the team and had Digger picked up. He was, at the time, trying to construct a massive boomerang to take him back to the mainland.

Harkness revealed a deep patriotism for his home country of Australia, though his countrymen do not care at all for him, and a tremendous fear of being laughed at. Teammate Deadshot commented he often wished he had killed Harkness, most notably after his drinking led them to miss a plane and to Deadshot losing his uniform and entering a depressive phase because of it. Ironically, when Boomerang pulled strings to have the suit restored to Deadshot, Lawton's psyche had passed into a phase that led him to loathe it. Harkness remained with the Squad until it was disbanded after a successful mission in Diabloverde.

However, despite being a somewhat trusted employee, Harkness still was quite amoral and greedy, selling out Adam Cray, the Atom, for half a million dollars.

Digger later showed up in Superboy with another Squad. While on a mission to destroy an underwater criminal hideout, he was shot through the hands by Deadshot and apparently fell to his death.

He later appeared in the pages of Flash with cybernetic hands alongside four other Rogues; they were given a chance by fellow Rogue Abra Kadabra to become much more than they ever were. Unfortunately for Captain Boomerang, Captain Cold, Mirror Master, Weather Wizard, and Heat Wave, Kadabra's promise of glory was actually a ruse to free Neron and empower himself. Neron then resurrects the five Rogues, superpowering them and sending them on a bloody rampage that destroys much of Flash's hometown and kills thousands. Eventually, the Flash and Linda Park free the Rogues; the dead are restored to life.

After being restored to life, Boomerang and the Rogues, along with the Trickster, sought out an artifact that would protect them from Neron should he ever take an interest in them again. The Trickster accompanied them to help an old ex-girlfriend recover her kidnapped son. In the end, the Trickster found the boy, who turned out to not only be the prophesied agent of a god, but also the Trickster's son. He was also able to convince Neron to leave the Rogues alone, with the Rogues either coming away darker from their experiences, or seeking enlightenment, like Heat Wave, who retired with the monks.

Captain Boomerang is also involved with the Joker: Last Laugh event. After having suffered a mishap with one of his exploding boomerangs, Digger is transferred by ambulance to Keystone City. En route, the ambulance is attacked by a Jokerized Deadshot, who decides to lend his old pal a hand by injecting him with Joker's serum. The serum's healing factor revives Digger, who is cured of his massive full-body burns and ready to attack the Flash at Iron Heights prison. However, once there, he is choked unconscious by a Jokerized Pied Piper.

Captain Boomerang was killed in the Identity Crisis miniseries by Jack Drake, father of Tim Drake. Digger had been sent by the real killer to attack Jack Drake, only the killer double-crossed Digger and sent Drake a warning and a pistol to defend himself. The killer later defended the action by saying that Boomerang was hired because he was such an incompetent that Jack would only need to pull the trigger and he would be safe. Digger managed to kill Drake but not before he was shot himself.

Digger was later temporarily revived by Agent James Jesse, the former Trickster, during the Rogue War storyline, when Jesse used unspecified technology to temporarily revive Boomerang in an attempt to find out information about the Rogues' current hideout. However, Jesse was called away due to the latest attack by the Rogues before Harkness's revival, meaning that the only person present when Harkness was briefly reanimated was Ashley Zolomon, the estranged wife of Hunter Zolomon (a former Reverse-Flash), who had been brought in based on her expertise in dealing with Rogues. During his brief return to life, Harkness asked Ashley to tell his son that he loved him and warn him never to reveal his mother's real name out of fear that the Rogues would kill him.

In the Blackest Night crossover, his remains are reanimated as a member of the Black Lantern Corps, and he joins the reanimated Jack and Janet Drake, John and Mary Grayson, Tony Zucco, and the original Batman's deceased rogues gallery members in an attempt to take the life of the current Batman and Red Robin. They are met with interference from Deadman, who had possessed the body of Etrigan the Demon. Their attack is ultimately called off when Batman and Red Robin cryogenically freeze themselves, leaving no emotions for the Black Lanterns to target. Harkness later joins other reanimated members of the Rogues to target their still-living members. However, the battle results in a draw on both side. Harkness' son, Owen, arrives and takes him away from the battle, believing he can bring his father back. Digger convinces his son that he needs to feed upon the living to live, so Owen lures people (such as newcomer villain Sandblast) to a pit at a construction site where Digger is waiting. The Rogues track Owen down, Captain Cold berating him on how foolish he is to believe Digger's lies. When they discover the remains of a family nearby, Captain Cold reminds Owen that "the Rogues don't kill women or children." He shoves Owen into the pit where Digger rips out his son's heart. A black ring then flies down to make Owen a Black Lantern. The Black Lantern Harkness and his son are then encased in ice by Captain Cold. Digger manages to escape and join in the mass battle against the heroes where he is brought back to life and rejuvenated. He appears confused as to what is going on before being knocked out by the Flash.

During the Brightest Day prologue, Digger is seen locked in his Iron Heights cell. Digger is visited by Tim Drake whose father Harkness murdered. Tim tells him if he tries to escape, he will hunt him down personally. He is later given a message from Captain Cold saying that if he wants to be one of the Rogues again, he has to prove it by escaping from prison on his own. After being beaten by guards, Digger is being seen to in the medical bay, when he suddenly finds himself able to create boomerangs out of energy that explode on contact. While not understanding where this new power came from, Digger uses it to escape Iron Heights and attacks the Renegades while they are trying to apprehend the Flash for murdering Mirror Monarch. Shortly after, he finds himself confronting a wounded Flash.

Captain Boomerang is at one point contacted by the Entity, who instructs him to throw a boomerang at Dawn Granger. After seeing the vision, his powers go out of control, causing him to attack everyone, including his fellow Rogues. Afterwards, Captain Boomerang sneaks into Iron Heights, where Professor Zoom is locked up. Boomerang releases him, in hopes that Zoom might help him better understand his version of the Entity's message. However, Professor Zoom refused to answer and escaped as Digger was confronted by the Rogues. Captain Cold beats up Digger for freeing Professor Zoom, then Digger explains to him the importance of the Entity's message. Later, Captain Boomerang is contacted once again by the Entity, who tells him that he must complete his task, prompting Digger to travel to Star City forest, which by now is surrounded by a white barrier. While there, Captain Boomerang discovers that he is the only one who can enter the forest. Within the forest, Captain Boomerang finds Dawn and throws a boomerang at her. Hawk, however, fails to catch the boomerang and instead, the boomerang is caught by Deadman, who ended up dying in the process and Hawk is left to knock Captain Boomerang unconscious. After the Entity proclaims Captain Boomerang has completed his task, and his life is restored to him, the Entity reveals to them that the boomerang was part of a plan to free Hawk from his role as an avatar of war from the Lords of Chaos: his act of saving Dawn would have broken the hold the Lords of Chaos have on Hawk and allow Hank to be true to himself.

In the aftermath of Brightest Day, Captain Boomerang lost his White Lantern abilities. However, as he seeks out a way to regain this lost power, he is prevented by Red Robin, who is stalking him. During the struggle, Red Robin, who had lost his father due to Captain Boomerang, allows him to live and leaves him in police custody.

George Harkness returns as Captain Boomerang in The New 52, a 2011 reboot of the DC Comics universe. Captain Boomerang and a new character called Yo-Yo join the Suicide Squad to replace the deceased members Savant and Voltaic. He tells the team that he is the new field commander for the Suicide Squad upon being placed in that position by Amanda Waller. But this is further revealed to be a set-up orchestrated to give them a bargaining chip to bypass an armed Basilisk militia led by the sister of one of his victims. Realizing the trap, Boomerang attempts to use a detonator he was given that is supposed to be connected to the microbombs in each Squad member's skin. It fails to function, and Deadshot mocks him for thinking that Waller would trust him with that kind of power before shooting his hand. It is later revealed in the series that Captain Boomerang is working for Basilisk as the Suicide Squad is captured. Captain Boomerang is seen escorting the squad to the concentration camps of the Basilisk militia. Captain Boomerang frees Deadshot and the rest of the Squad and reveals that he was Waller's undercover agent. While battling the militia, Captain Boomerang is knocked out by Black Spider, who is revealed as the traitor on the team.

In the Watchmen sequel Doomsday Clock, Captain Boomerang and his fellow Rogues are among the villains that attend the underground meeting held by Riddler that talks about the Superman Theory. When some villains were talking about relocating to Kahndaq, Captain Boomerang mentions that the Suicide Squad went M.I.A. during an assassination assignment there where Captain Boomerang mentions that he barely made it out of Kahndaq alive.

Owen Mercer
At the beginning of the 2004 Identity Crisis storyline, "Digger" Harkness a.k.a. Captain Boomerang found himself an obsolete villain in the modern world of supervillains. Regularly going up to the supervillain satellite looking for jobs, asking favors from the Calculator, he was at the end of his rope looking for a job to put him on the map again.

During this time he felt it was finally time to reach out to the son he never raised, Owen Mercer. Before Harkness's death, the two bonded. Taking up his father's legacy, he became the second Captain Boomerang. Captain Cold, brother to Golden Glider (who was believed to be Owen's mother), took Owen in as one of the Rogues.

Though Owen initially had no real attachment to the Rogues (and even voiced various, albeit short, opinions out loud), he grew to enjoy the purpose and sense of family the team offered after finding that his father's body had been stolen for use in a lab (which was later revealed to be part of a plan to get memories from Harkness).

Around this time the Rogue War storyline began, in which the "reformed" Rogues fought the Rogues under Captain Cold. Ashley Zolomon is told by Harkness himself (he is briefly revived by the "reformed" Rogues as part of an experiment) that Golden Glider is not Owen's real mother. Later, it is revealed in Flash #225 (January 2006) that Meloni Thawne is the mother of Owen Harkness, formerly Owen Mercer, the new Captain Boomerang, having conceived him by the original Boomerang while he was trapped in the 30th Century. It is unknown whether she gave birth to Bart Allen or Owen first, or how Owen made it back to our own time.

During the 2005–2006 Infinite Crisis storyline, Owen was part of Alexander Luthor Jr.'s group of villains. He, Captain Cold, and Mirror Master were sent to guard a factory against the Outsiders, under the command of Deathstroke (who was actually Arsenal in disguise). When the ensuing battle between Outsiders and Rogues destroyed the machinery in the factory, the Rogues and other villains would not help in the fight at all and then at the explosion, he is saved by the Outsiders, while the Rogues left them at the base to blow up. He is then turned over to the authorities off-panel.

During the 52 series, Owen is part of a Suicide Squad sent by Amanda Waller to attack Black Adam.

In the 2006 One Year Later storyline, Owen finds himself placed in the metahuman prison known as Iron Heights. There he finds himself being the cellmate of Black Lightning, who was arrested for a murder that Deathstroke the Terminator committed. It is soon discovered that the other inmates have learned of Black Lightning's identity and are planning to murder him. The Outsiders become aware of this and attempt to break Pierce out of jail. Unfortunately it goes terribly wrong. As they escape, Black Lightning asks that they take Owen with them, which they grudgingly agree. As they escape, the Outsiders' jet, the Pequod, is shot down, and while the team escapes, the world believes them dead.

Because of this event and the Freedom of Power Treaty, the team now works covertly. Most of the current Outsiders were believed dead until a botched mission revealed their presence to the world. His history as a Rogue has been exploited several times by team leader Nightwing from torturing dictators to taking down a cloned Jay Garrick. However, it is revealed that his desire to join the Outsiders comes from his desire for a family. Nightwing allowed him to join his team partially because Arsenal felt he would be worthy, and because Owen has been striving to find a family since the death of his father and the outbreak of the Rogue War.

Owen searched out the current Robin because of their connection, where their fathers killed one another. While Robin originally believed Owen was searching for him to finish the fight his father started, in Robin #152, Owen revealed that he wished to make amends with the younger hero, and has offered his assistance to help Robin destroy a bomb created by the Joker. The two later spend the following night spreading out old hideouts of several villains. Afterward, Robin gained a bit of civil respect for Boomerang despite what their fathers did to one another. Boomerang attempted to shake hands with Robin, but Robin refused the gesture feeling unready to make that step.

At some point during his tenure with the Outsiders, Captain Cold approached the mercenary Deathstroke with an offer concerning Owen. In exchange for kidnapping Deathstroke's daughter Rose (who had betrayed her father and joined the Teen Titans) and delivering her to her father, Deathstroke would track down the Outsiders and turn Owen over to the Rogues. The villains planned to force Owen to cooperate with the team by administering the same mind-controlling agent that Deathstroke had used on his daughter as well as Batman's partner Cassandra Cain. However, this plan fell apart when Rose escaped and helped the Teen Titans defeat the Rogues, which led to Deathstroke backing out of the deal.

Owen has also developed a close friendship with Supergirl, Kara Zor-El. After Supergirl returned from her time away with Power Girl, Kara began looking to start a normal life on Earth and went out a 'date' with Owen, during which they spoke of their past problems. Kara has nicknamed Owen 'Boomer'. Although the pair often flirts with one another, they have never progressed to a romantic relationship. This comes primarily from the fact that Kara continues to show interest in Nightwing, and jokingly says that what she and Owen has is more of a brother-sister relationship, in which he has an unhealthy fixation on his 'little sis'.

Feeling rejected after Kara's relationship with Power Boy, Owen goes to a bar where he meets Cassandra Cain (Batgirl), who at the time was being mind-controlled by Deathstroke the Terminator, and who had been hired to kill Supergirl. Cassandra kidnaps and tortures Owen to lure Supergirl. Unfortunately, this proves unnecessary, as Kara had tracked down Cassandra on her own, without any knowledge of Owen's kidnapping. Batgirl nearly manages to defeat Supergirl, but is defeated when Kara grows Krypton Sunstones which impale her foe. Kara then rushes Owen to the hospital where he is treated. While still in medical care, it is discovered that Power Boy has been stalking Kara.

Following Kara's rather violent break-up with Power Boy, the Earth was overtaken by spirits from the Phantom Zone, which began to emerge from within Superman. Kara managed to defeat the Phantoms and return the Earth to normal. Afterwards, in Supergirl #19 Kara begins to make amends with all the people who she has hurt since arriving on earth. Amongst them, Boomer, to whom she apologises for letting him get hurt and leading him on. During this conversation, the matter of Owen's relationship with Kara is finally clarified. When asked by Kara how he feels about her leading him on, Owen replies, "Well, if I may ... for me to have been 'led on' would presume I thought I had a shot with you ... For me to think I had a shot with a sixteen-year-old girl -- crystal-powered hypersleep whatever junk aside ... that would mean I am a dirtbag with a thing for jailbait. Which I am not".

In Checkmate #13-15, crossover with Outsiders #47-49, Checkmate abducts all members of the Outsiders except Nightwing, allowing him to infiltrate their headquarters to offer them a deal: The Outsiders will not be shut down over their actions in Africa in exchange for infiltrating Oolong Island on behalf of Checkmate. During the operation, Nightwing, Owen, and Checkmate's Black Queen are taken captive by Chang Tzu, and the latter two are tortured and experimented on. After Batman rescues the Outsiders over North Korean territory, and Nightwing hands over the team to him, Owen and Nightwing are paired with each other in "auditions" for the new lineup. Pushed too far, feeling he does not need to prove himself anymore, Owen returns to the Suicide Squad although Batman feels he could make a good double agent.

In All Flash #1, Owen as part of the new Suicide Squad captures two of the Rogues that are responsible for Bart Allen's murder, Heat Wave and Weather Wizard, in Louisiana. In Countdown #39, he and the rest of the Squad chase after Piper and Trickster in Gotham City after they had escaped capture from Squad member Deadshot. The Squad however is just as unsuccessful as Deadshot, and the two Rogues escape capture.

Owen visits his father's grave along with Tar Pit, when the swarm of black rings fly into the crypt and reanimate all the deceased villains as Black Lanterns, including his father. The Rogues battle in the Iron Heights, when the battle resulted in a draw on both sides, Owen arrives and abducts Digger from the battle, believing he can bring his father back. Later on, Owen has apparently chained up his father's body and is feeding him victims such as a villain named Sandblast who was relying on Owen to get him into the Rogues. It is revealed that Owen has been deceived by Boomerang into believing the blood of enough victims can bring him back to life. The Rogues track Owen down with Captain Cold berating him for believing Harkness' lies. Realizing that Owen has broken the Rogues' code of honor by killing women and children, Cold shoves him into the pit. Owen has his heart ripped out by his father, with a ring flying in to revive him as a Black Lantern. The Black Lantern Owen and his father are then encased in ice by Cold. His father manages to escape and join in the mass battle against the heroes where he is brought back to life and full health.

Powers and abilities
Captain Boomerang carries a number of boomerangs in his satchel. He is an expert at throwing the weapons and as well as ordinary boomerangs he has a number with special properties, including bladed, explosive, incendiary, and electrified boomerangs. Upon his resurrection, Digger finds he has the ability to create boomerangs out of energy that explode on contact. However, this new ability is lost when he completes the task given by the White Lantern Entity.

The original Captain Boomerang then began to train his son Owen Mercer before he died. He has exhibited creativity in his boomerangs by creating "razorangs" and an acid-spewing boomerang. Owen has also exhibited "speed bursts", short bursts of limited super speed over short distances, most notably when throwing boomerangs. These were even possible during the time period that Bart Allen fully contained the Speed Force, usually displayed as his ability to throw boomerangs at high velocities, rather than running. However, during Chang Tzu's experiments, he claimed he believed Mercer could access the Speed Force, and Mercer denied having super speed at all anymore, but Chang Tzu was able to activate Owen's speed involuntarily, causing him great pain. The exact source of this power remains unrevealed. Regardless, as of Justice Society of America #8, the Speed Force appears to have returned and is accessible to all former speedsters once more.

Other versions

 * An alternate universe variant of Captain Boomerang called Adam Clay appears in the Tangent Comics one-shot Green Lantern. this version is a disenfranchised pilot who family was killed by a Japanese army. Clay escaped in his family's crop duster and went on to form a group of pilots under the nickname "Captain Boomerang" for his family's Australian origins and the unique "V" Shaped planes his Corp. fly.
 * An older, alternate universe variant of Digger Harkness appears in Kingdom Come.

Television

 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears in Justice League Unlimited, voiced by Donal Gibson. This version is a member of Task Force X and the Rogues.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by John DiMaggio.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears in Arrow, portrayed by Nick E. Tarabay. This version is a former ASIS agent and member of A.R.G.U.S.'s Suicide Squad. While working for the latter, his commanding officer Lyla Michaels was ordered to scrub a failed mission and "sanitize" the active Squad members via implanted nano-bombs. However, Harkness' bomb failed to detonate, leading to him seeking revenge against her. In the episodes "Draw Back Your Bow" and "The Brave and the Bold", he resurfaces in the present to kill Michaels, only to be foiled by Oliver Queen, the Flash, and their respective teams. Following this, Harkness is imprisoned in an A.R.G.U.S. prison on the island Lian Yu. In the episode "Lian Yu", Oliver recruits Harkness to help him face Prometheus and his allies. While Harkness betrays Oliver to join Prometheus, Malcolm Merlyn sacrifices himself to save Queen by killing Harkness with a landmine.
 * The Owen Mercer incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears in the ninth season of The Flash (2014), portrayed by Richard Harmon. This version is a member of the Red Death's Rogues who possesses the additional ability to teleport and wields boomerangs constructed from Wayne Enterprises technology.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears in the Young Justice episode "Leverage", voiced by Crispin Freeman. This version is a member of Task Force X.
 * An unidentified Captain Boomerang appears in Harley Quinn, voiced by Josh Helman. This version is a member of the Suicide Squad's "A-Team".

Film

 * The Owen Mercer incarnation of Captain Boomerang makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in Superman/Batman: Public Enemies.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang makes a minor non-speaking appearance in Lego Batman: The Movie - DC Super Heroes Unite.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears in films set in the DC Animated Movie Universe (DCAMU):
 * Harkness first appears in Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox, voiced by James Patrick Stuart. This version is a member of the Rogues. Additionally, an alternate version from the Flashpoint timeline makes a cameo appearance.
 * Harkness appears in Suicide Squad: Hell to Pay, voiced by Liam McIntyre. After being recruited into Amanda Waller's Suicide Squad, he forms a rivalry with Deadshot.
 * Harkness appears in Justice League Dark: Apokolips War, voiced again by Liam McIntyre. Having survived Darkseid's assault on Earth two years prior, he and the Suicide Squad assist Superman and Lois Lane in reaching a LexCorp building in an attempt to destroy Apokolips and defeat Darkseid before the group sacrifice themselves to stop Darkseid's Paradooms.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears in Batman: Assault on Arkham, voiced by Greg Ellis. This version is a veteran Suicide Squad member who competes with Deadshot over leadership.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears in films set in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU), portrayed by Jai Courtney:
 * First appearing in Suicide Squad, he is forcibly recruited into Amanda Waller's titular group to stop the Enchantress.
 * In The Suicide Squad, Harkness rejoins the squad on a mission to Corto Maltese, where he is accidentally killed in battle by a helicopter brought down by his squad-mate Mongal.
 * Harkness makes a cameo appearance in The Flash (2023) via visual effects.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears in Lego DC Comics Super Heroes: The Flash, voiced by Dee Bradley Baker.

Video games

 * Both George "Digger" Harkness and Owen Mercer appear in DC Universe Online, voiced by J. Shannon Weaver. The latter serves as a tech dealer in the Hall of Doom.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears as a playable character in Suicide Squad: Kill the Justice League, voiced by Daniel Lapaine.

Lego

 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears as an unlockable playable character in Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes, voiced by Nolan North.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham via "The Squad" DLC.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears as an unlockable playable character in Lego DC Super-Villains, voiced by Gideon Emery.

Miscellaneous

 * An unidentified Captain Boomerang makes a cameo appearance in the Injustice: Gods Among Us prequel comic.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears in The Flash: Season Zero as a member of A.R.G.U.S.'s Suicide Squad.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang makes a cameo appearance in a flashback in the Arrow tie-in novel, Arrow: Vengeance, in which he trained with Slade Wilson during his time in the ASIS.
 * The George "Digger" Harkness incarnation of Captain Boomerang appears in the Batman: Arkham Knight prequel comic as a member of Harley Quinn's Suicide Squad before he is hired by Amanda Waller to join Deadshot in assassinating Bruce Wayne. However, Digger is betrayed and killed by Deadshot.
 * An unidentified Captain Boomerang appears in the Injustice 2 prequel comic as a member of Ra's al Ghul's Suicide Squad.

Merchandise

 * An unidentified Captain Boomerang received a figure in wave 18 of the DC Universe Classics line.
 * An unidentified Captain Boomerang received a figure in the Justice League Unlimited tie-in toy line.
 * The Owen Mercer incarnation of Captain Boomerang received a figure in Mattel's "DC Infinite Crisis" line.

title: Captain Boomerang


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Bunaken

Bunaken is an island of 8 km2, part of the Bunaken National Marine Park. Bunaken is located at the northern tip of the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It belongs administratively to the municipality of Manado. Scuba diving attracts many visitors to the island.

Bunaken National Park extends over an area of 890.65 km2 of which only 3% is terrestrial, including Bunaken Island, as well as the islands of Manado Tua, Mantehage, Nain and Siladen.

The waters of Bunaken National Marine Park are up to 1,566 m deep in Manado Bay, with temperatures ranging between 27 and 29 °C. It has a high diversity of - corals, fish, echinoderms and sponges. Notably, 7 of the 8 species of giant clams that occur in the world, occur in Bunaken. It also claims to have seven times more genera of coral than Hawaii, and has more than 70% of all the known fish species of the Indo-Western Pacific.

Oceanic currents may explain, in part, why Bunaken National Marine Park has such a high level of biodiversity. Northeasterly currents generally sweep through the park but abundant counter currents and gyros related to lunar cycles are believed to be a trap for free swimming larvae. This is particularly true on the south side of the crescent-shaped Bunaken Island, lying in the heart of the park. A snorkeler or diver in the vicinity of Lekuan or Fukui may spot over 33 species of butterfly fish and numerous types of groupers, damsels, wrasses and gobies. The gobies, smallish fish with bulging eyes and modified fins that allow them to attach to hard surfaces, are the most diverse but least known group of fish in the park.

title: Bunaken