text:
E. D. Nixon

Edgar Daniel Nixon (July 12, 1899 – February 25, 1987), known as E. D. Nixon, was an American civil rights leader and union organizer in Alabama who played a crucial role in organizing the landmark Montgomery bus boycott there in 1955. The boycott highlighted the issues of segregation in the South, was upheld for more than a year by black residents, and nearly brought the city-owned bus system to bankruptcy. It ended in December 1956, after the United States Supreme Court ruled in the related case, Browder v. Gayle (1956), that the local and state laws were unconstitutional, and ordered the state to end bus segregation.

A longtime organizer and activist, Nixon was president of the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Montgomery Welfare League, and the Montgomery Voters League. At the time, Nixon already led the Montgomery branch of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters union, known as the Pullman Porters Union, which he had helped organize.

Martin Luther King Jr. described Nixon as "one of the chief voices of the Negro community in the area of civil rights," and "a symbol of the hopes and aspirations of the long oppressed people of the State of Alabama."

Early life and education
Edgar D. Nixon was born on July 12, 1899, in rural, majority-black Lowndes County, Alabama to Wesley M. Nixon and Sue Ann Chappell Nixon. As a child, Nixon received 16 months of formal education, as black students were ill-served in the segregated public school system. His mother died when he was young, and he and his seven siblings were reared among extended family in Montgomery. His father was a Baptist minister.

After working in a train station baggage room, Nixon rose to become a Pullman car porter, which was a well-respected position with good pay. He was able to travel around the country and worked steadily. He worked with them until 1964. In 1928, he joined the new union, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, helping organize its branch in Montgomery. He also served as its president for many years.

Marriage and family
Nixon married Alease Curry on August 21, 1927 in Montgomery, Alabama. She died in 1934. They had a son, Edgar Daniel Nixon Jr. (1928–2011), who became an actor known by the stage name of Nick LaTour. Nixon later remarried, to Arlet Campbell, in Florida. She was with him during many of the civil rights events.

Civil rights activism
Years before the Montgomery bus boycott, Nixon had worked for voting rights and civil rights for African Americans in Montgomery. Like other blacks in the state, they had been essentially disenfranchised since the start of the 20th century by changes in the Alabama state constitution and electoral laws. He also served as an unelected advocate for the African-American community, helping individuals negotiate with white officeholders, policemen, and civil servants.

In 1943, Nixon and lawyer Arthur Madison founded the Alabama Voters League to encourage African Americans to apply for voter registration, at a time when African Americans were generally excluded from voting in the South using highly subjective rules. Nixon organized an event on June 12, 1944, in which up to 750 African Americans marched to the Montgomery County courthouse and attempted to register to vote, to protest Madison's disbarment over the voter registration campaign he conducted as part of this organization. Nixon himself gained voter registration in 1945.

Nixon was a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), becoming president of the Montgomery chapter in 1945 and, in 1947, president of the state organization.

In 1954, he was the first black to run for a seat on the county Democratic Executive Committee. The next year, he questioned the Democratic candidates for the Montgomery City Commission on their positions on civil rights issues.

Challenging bus segregation
In the early 1950s, Nixon and Jo Ann Robinson, president of the Women's Political Council, decided to mount a court challenge to the discriminatory seating practices on Montgomery's municipal buses, along with a boycott of the bus company. A Montgomery ordinance reserved the front seats on these buses for white passengers only, forcing African-American riders to sit in the back. The middle section was available to blacks unless the bus became so crowded that white passengers were standing; in that case, blacks were supposed to give up their seats and stand if necessary. Blacks constituted the majority of riders on the city-owned bus system.

Before the activists could mount the court challenge, they needed someone to voluntarily violate the bus seating law and be arrested for it. Nixon carefully searched for a suitable plaintiff. At the same time, some women mounted their own individual challenges. For instance, 15-year-old student Claudette Colvin was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger in March 1955, nine months before Parks' action.

Nixon rejected Colvin because she became an unwed mother, another woman who was arrested because he did not believe she had the fortitude to see the case through, and a third woman, Mary Louise Smith, because her father was allegedly an alcoholic. (In 1956, Colvin and Smith were among five originally included in the successful case, Browder v. Gayle, filed on behalf of them specifically and representing black riders who had been treated unjustly on the city buses. See below.)

The final choice was Rosa Parks, the elected secretary of the Montgomery NAACP. Nixon had been her boss, although he said, "Women don't need to be nowhere but in the kitchen." When she asked, "Well, what about me?", he replied, "I need a secretary and you are a good one."

On December 1, 1955, Parks entered a Montgomery bus, refused to give up her seat for a white passenger, and was arrested. After being called about Parks' arrest, Nixon went to bail her out of jail. He arranged for Parks' friend, Clifford Durr, a sympathetic white lawyer, to represent her. After years of working with Parks, Nixon was certain that she was the ideal candidate to challenge the discriminatory seating policy. Even so, Nixon had to persuade Parks to lead the fight. After consulting with her mother and husband, Parks accepted the challenge.

Organizing the boycott
After Parks' arrest, Nixon called a number of local ministers to organize support for the boycott; the third man he called was Martin Luther King Jr., a young minister who was newly arrived from Atlanta, Georgia. King said he would think about it and call back. When King responded, he said that he would participate in the boycott and had already arranged a meeting of his church congregation on the issue. Nixon could not attend because of an out-of-town business trip; he took precautions to see that no one was elected to lead the boycott campaign until he returned.

When Nixon returned to Montgomery, he met with Rev. Ralph Abernathy and Rev. E.N. French to plan the program for the next boycott meeting. They came up with a list of demands for the bus company, named the new organization the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), and discussed candidates for president of the association. Nixon recommended King to Abernathy and French because Nixon believed that King had not been compromised by dealing with the local white power structure.

After a successful one-day bus boycott on December 5, 1955, Nixon met with a group of ministers to plan the larger boycott. But, the meeting did not proceed as he had envisioned. The ministers wanted to organize a low-key boycott that would not upset the white power structure in Montgomery. This was completely opposite of what Nixon and the other activists hoped to achieve. An exasperated Nixon threatened to publicly denounce the ministers as cowards. King stood and said that he was no coward. By the end of the meeting, he had accepted the MIA presidency and Nixon had become the treasurer. That evening, King delivered a keynote address to the full meeting at Holt Street Baptist Church.

Nixon shared his labor and civil rights contacts with the MIA, organizing financial and other resources to help manage and support the boycott. These were critical to its success.

Successful boycott
What was expected to be a short boycott lasted 381 days, more than one year. Despite fierce political opposition, police coercion, personal threats, and their own sacrifices, the blacks of Montgomery held the boycott. They walked to work; the people with cars gave others rides. They gave up some trips. Bus ridership plummeted, as blacks were the majority riders in the system, and the bus company was on the verge of financial ruin. In late January a bomb was set off near the home of Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., and on February 1, 1956, a bomb exploded in front of Nixon's home.

Attorneys Fred Gray and Charles Langford filed the petition in federal district court for it to review the state and city laws on bus segregation in the case that became known as Browder v. Gayle (1956). They filed on behalf of the five Montgomery women who originally refused to give up their seats on city buses: Claudette Colvin, Aurelia S. Browder, Susie McDonald, Mary Louise Smith, and Jeanatte Reese. (Reese withdrew from the case in February.)

On June 5, 1956, a three-judge panel of the US District Court ruled on Browder v. Gayle and determined that Montgomery's segregation law was unconstitutional, violating the Fourteenth Amendment of the US Constitution. On November 13, 1956, the US Supreme Court upheld the lower court's ruling. On December 17, 1956, the Supreme Court rejected appeals by the city and state to reconsider its decision.

Three days later, the Supreme Court issued its order for Montgomery to desegregate its buses. With that legal victory, the MIA organizers ended the boycott. At a later rally at New York City's Madison Square Garden, Nixon talked about the symbolism of the boycott to an audience of supporters:"I'm from Montgomery, Alabama, a city that's known as the Cradle of the Confederacy, that had stood still for more than ninety-three years until Rosa L. Parks was arrested and thrown in jail like a common criminal.... Fifty thousand people rose up and caught hold to the Cradle of the Confederacy and began to rock it till the Jim Crow rockers began to reel and the segregated slats began to fall out."

After the boycott
Nixon's relationship with the MIA was contentious. He frequently had sharp disagreements with others in the group and competed for leadership. He expressed resentment that King and Abernathy had received most of the credit for the boycott, as opposed to the local activists who had already spent years organizing against racism. However, King admired Nixon, describing him as "one of the chief voices of the Negro community in the area of civil rights," and "a symbol of the hopes and aspirations of the long oppressed people of the State of Alabama."

Nixon resigned his post as MIA treasurer in 1957, writing a bitter letter to King complaining that he had been treated as a child and a "newcomer." Nixon continued to feud with Montgomery's Black middle class community for the next decade.

By the late 1960s, through a series of political defeats, his leadership role in the MIA was eliminated. After retiring from the railroad, Nixon worked as the recreation director of a public housing project. He continued to work for civil rights, especially to improve housing and education for blacks in Montgomery.

Nixon died at the age of 87 in Montgomery on February 25, 1987.

Awards and honors

 * In 1985, Nixon received the Walter White Award from the NAACP.
 * In 1986, a year before his death, Nixon's house in Montgomery was placed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage, in recognition of his leadership in the state.
 * Edgar D. Nixon Elementary School, on Edgar D. Nixon Avenue in Montgomery, is named after him.

title: E. D. Nixon


text:
Gottfried Bernhardy

Gottfried Bernhardy (20 March 1800 – 14 May 1875), German philologist and literary historian, was born at Landsberg an der Warthe (now Poland) in the Neumark.

Life
He was the son of Jewish parents in reduced circumstances. Two well-to-do uncles provided the means for his education, and in 1811 he entered the Joachimsthal gymnasium at Berlin. In 1817 he went to Berlin University to study philology, where he had the advantage of hearing F.A. Wolf (then advanced in years), August Böckh and Philipp Karl Buttmann. In 1822, he took the degree of doctor of philosophy at Berlin, and in 1825 became an associate professor. In 1829, he succeeded Christian Carl Reisig as professor and director of the philological seminary at Halle, and in 1844 was appointed chief librarian of the university.

Works
The most important of Bernhardy's works were his histories (or sketches) of Greek and Roman literature: A fifth edition of pts. i. and ii., by R. Volkmann, began in 1892. Other works by Bernhardy are:
 * Grundriss der römischen Litteratur (5th ed., 1872)
 * Grundriss der griechischen Litteratur:
 * Pt. i, Introduction and general view, 1836.
 * Pt. ii, Greek poetry, 1845.
 * pt. iii, Greek prose literature, was never published.
 * Eratosthenica (1822); a book involving Eratosthenes.
 * Dionysius Periegetes Graece et Latine (1828); a book involving Dionysius Periegetes.
 * Wissenschaftliche Syntax der griechischen Sprache (1829, suppts. 1854, 1862) – Scientific syntax of the Greek language.
 * Grundlinien zur Encyclopädie der Philologie (1832) – Basic orientation for an encyclopedia of philology.
 * a monumental edition of the "Lexicon" of Suidas; project completed in 1853.
 * an edition of F. A. Wolf's "Kleine Schriften", two volumes (1869).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gottfried Bernhardy


text:
The Seventh Sign

The Seventh Sign is a 1988 American apocalyptic drama horror film written by Clifford and Ellen Green and directed by Carl Schultz. The title and plot reference the seven seals described in the Book of Revelation, the final book of the New Testament of the Bible. The film was released on April 1, 1988, by Columbia Pictures Entertainment under the TriStar Pictures label, received mixed reviews and grossed $18.8 million at the box office domestically.

Plot
Around the world, unusual phenomena are occurring that bear resemblance to signs of the Biblical apocalypse; these include a mass death of sea life in Haiti and a devastating freeze in the Middle East, and at each of these locations, a mysterious traveler opens a sealed envelope just prior to the event taking place. The Vatican tasks Father Lucci with investigating these events, though Lucci advises that they are all either hoaxes or have scientific explanations.

Concurrently to this, Abby Quinn, a pregnant woman living in California, prepares for the birth of her child. Her husband, Russell, is a defense lawyer representing Jimmy Szaragosa, a man with Down syndrome, who is on trial for murdering his incestuous parents and claiming that he did so after having been ordered to by God. Jimmy is convicted of the crime and sentenced to death.

For additional income, Abby and Russell rent a room to the mysterious traveler, who identifies himself as David Bannon. He first charms them with stories of the Hebrew myth of the Guf (or Guph), from whence all souls come to earth, and how, when a sparrow sings its song, it is the only living animal that can see the soul coming from the Guf. Soon after, Abby begins to have terrible nightmares of a man closely resembling David being struck down by a Roman soldier, who then asks "will you die for him?" of her. In addition, Abby physically reacts inexplicably. Abby also learns of the apocalyptic signs that have occurred, and combined with her nightmares and David's suspicious behavior, she begins to worry that something terrible is taking place. She snoops through David's papers and discovers an ancient note that leads her to believe that he intends to harm her child. When Abby confronts David about this, he tells her that God's grace is empty and soon, no souls will remain to be given to newborn babies. Abby panics and stabs David, only for him to shrug off the injury and claim that he "cannot die again." To add to Abby's shock and horror the stab wound David sustains bursts with light rather than blood.

It becomes apparent that He is actually the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. Abby's nightmares are visions of his original crucifixion, and she is the reincarnation of Seraphia, the woman who offered Jesus water only to be turned away by Cartaphilus, who was Pilate's porter who struck Jesus.

The signs of the apocalypse continue to unfold and eventually cause a giant storm. Abby connects with Avi, a rabbinical student who helps her understand the events. Father Lucci, who has come to California as part of his investigation, finds her and hears her concerns. However, while meeting with Lucci, Abby spots a ring on his finger identical to the one that Cartaphilus wore and learns that Lucci is Cartaphilus himself who was cursed to wander the Earth until Christ's return to judge humanity. He intends to allow the apocalypse to take place so that his curse will finally be broken.

Abby flees from Lucci with Avi's aid, and together the two of them find a Bible to learn what will happen next. They discover that the sixth sign will be a solar eclipse that will take place the next day, meaning that the fifth sign — the tortured death of a martyr for God's cause — must take place very soon. Abby realizes that clemency has been denied to Jimmy and his execution will be the fifth sign. In a panic, she drives to the prison to stop the execution; however, Lucci has already infiltrated the prison. As Abby approaches, Lucci kills Jimmy and wounds Abby and is taken away by the guards.

The eclipse begins along with a catastrophic earthquake. Despondent over her failure to save Jimmy and the rest of humanity, Abby goes into labor and is rushed through the disaster to a nearby hospital. Despite the best efforts of Russell and the doctors to help her, the child's heart stops beating as Abby gives birth, thus fulfilling the seventh and final sign, the birth of the soulless child. However, Abby has another vision of her past as Seraphia and remembers Cartaphilus' question. Finally finding true hope, Abby answers the question in the affirmative—"I will die for him"—and reaches out to her child, who revives and holds her finger. Her soul is thus transferred to the child, saving him at the cost of her own life. This act of faith ends the apocalypse. Jesus appears in the hospital and tells Russell that Abby's sacrifice has refilled the Hall of Souls, ensuring that humanity will continue to survive. He tells Avi to record this for future humanity.

Cast

 * Demi Moore as Abby Quinn
 * Michael Biehn as Russell Quinn
 * Jürgen Prochnow as The Boarder
 * Peter Friedman as Father Lucci/Cartaphilus
 * Manny Jacobs as Avi
 * John Taylor as Jimmy Szaragosa
 * John Heard as Reverend
 * Richard Devon as second cardinal

Release and reception
The film was released theatrically in the United States by TriStar Pictures on April 1, 1988. It grossed $18,875,011 at the US box office. It received mixed reviews from critics, and holds a 15% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 20 reviews. In his two-star review, Roger Ebert stated: "After the sheer anarchy unleashed upon Hollywood by the slice-and-dice movies, it’s actually comforting to know that these characters play by the rules. They believe in good and evil, and they act as if individual human beings can have an influence on the outcome of events." Michael Wilmington in a review for the Los Angeles Times praised the visuals used in the film, calling them "extraordinary"; however, he felt that the material was lacking and categorized the story as a "New Age variation on Rosemary's Baby".

Home media
The film was released on DVD in the United States by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment in 1998. Scream Factory released the film on Blu-ray on September 11, 2018, featuring new interviews with actors Michael Biehn, Peter Friedman and John Taylor, screenwriters Clifford and Ellen Green and director Carl Schultz, as well as two television spots.

title: The Seventh Sign


text:
China National Highway 101

China National Highway 101 is a major trunk route connecting Beijing to Shenyang, Liaoning. In Beijing it is known as Jingshun Road or Jingmi Road  for connecting central Beijing to Shunyi District and Miyun District, although the actual road goes far beyond these two locations.

It leaves Beijing at Dongzhimen and heads for Sanyuanqiao, running alongside the Airport Expressway until Beigao, and then continues north while leaning toward the Jingcheng Expressway.

Major Connections
Note: Only connections to important city roads, expressways and other China National Highways (G level) are listed.

 * 2nd Ring Road (Beijing): Dongzhimen Bridge
 * 3rd Ring Road (Beijing): Sanyuan Bridge
 * 4th Ring Road (Beijing): Siyuan Bridge
 * 5th Ring Road (Beijing): Wuyuan Bridge
 * 6th Ring Road (Beijing): Liuyuan Bridge
 * China National Highway 111: South of Huairou District; splits into independent G101 road to the northeast
 * China National Highway 112: Hongshili, Hebei
 * China National Highway 306: Lingyuan, Liaoning
 * Jinchao Expressway: West of Chaoyang, Liaoning
 * China National Highway 305: Northwest of Beipiao, Liaoning and Mayouying, Liaoning
 * Jinfu Expressway: Wangfu, Liaoning
 * China National Highway 304: Zhangwu, Liaoning
 * Shenyang Round City Expressway: Lai'ertun Bridge, Shenyang, Liaoning

Beijing Section

 * Sanyuanqiao
 * Caochangdi
 * Huoshenying
 * Miyun
 * Gubeikou

Hebei Section

 * Luanping
 * Chengde
 * Pingquan

Liaoning Section

 * Lingyuan
 * Jianping
 * Chaoyang
 * Beipiao
 * Mayoying
 * Fuxin
 * Zhangwu
 * Yinjia
 * Shenyang

title: China National Highway 101


text:
China National Highway 102

China National Highway 102 is a major trunk route connecting Beijing to Fuyuan, Heilongjiang. In Beijing it is known as Jingfu Road (京抚路), after the two cities' names, for connecting Beijing to Fuyuan.

It leaves Beijing as the Jingtong Expressway and Tongzhou–Yanjiao Expressway into Hebei Province (they are rare occurrences that sections of National Highways are built to National Expressway standards). It then runs alongside the Beijing–Shenyang Expressway along the coast until Shenyang, Liaoning, and then along the Shenyang–Harbin Expressway until Harbin.

China National Highway 102 was 1297 km in length. It runs through the provinces of Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. It connects major cities of Qinhuangdao, Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin. In 2013, under a new 2013-2030 plan by NDRC&MoT, the G102 has been extended to Fuyuan.

title: China National Highway 102


text:
File:Megadeth-RustInPeace.jpg

Licensing
he:תמונה:Megadeth-RustInPeace.jpg

title: File:Megadeth-RustInPeace.jpg


text:
Philipp Karl Buttmann

Philipp Karl Buttmann (5 December 1764 – 21 June 1829) was a German philologist of French Huguenot ancestry (original family name "Boudemont"), born in Frankfurt am Main.

He was educated in his native town and at the University of Göttingen, where he was a student of Christian Gottlob Heyne. In 1789 he obtained an appointment in the Royal Library of Berlin, and for a period of time, edited Spener's Journal. In 1800 he became a professor at the Joachimsthal Gymnasium in Berlin, a post he held for eight years. In 1806 he was admitted to the Academy of Sciences as a member of its historical-philological section. In 1811 he became first librarian at the Royal Library.

Published works
Buttmann's writings gave a great impetus to the scientific study of the Greek language. His Griechische Grammatik (1792) went through many editions, and was translated into English. His Lexilogus, a valuable study on some words of difficulty occurring principally in the poems of Homer and Hesiod, was published in 1818–1825, and was later translated into English and published as Lexilogus: or, a critical examination of the meaning and etymology of numerous Greek works and passages intended principally for Homer and Hesiod (1861).

Buttmann's other works were:
 * Ausfuhrliche griechische Sprachlehre (2 vols, 1819–1827).
 * Mythologus, a collection of essays (1828–1829).
 * editions of some classical authors, the most important being Demosthenes' In Midiam (1823).
 * the continuation of Spalding's edition of Quintilian.

title: Philipp Karl Buttmann


text:
Talk:GrabIt

From VfD
From VfD:

Non-notable newsreader. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 18:54, Aug 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * No vote. Gets a fair number of google hits and seems to be specialized in downloading images and things from usenet. The article as is might not do it justice. --Ianb 20:14, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep & send to clean up: Fairly notable and widely used program, but the article as it stands is like a press clip or a download description.  Geogre 00:00, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

Fair use rationale for Image:Grabitlogo.png
Image:Grabitlogo.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 23:35, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Grabitmain.png
Image:Grabitmain.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 23:36, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

No response to emails? Not true ! Sure a few days delay but Ilan personally responds in a very friendly and helpful manner G.Harris —Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.16.151.17 (talk) 20:46, 20 November 2009 (UTC)

Nothing wrong with this article
There's nothing wrong with this article other than it isn't footnoted, but how many refs to news clients are there aside from those on NSP websites where this program has been recommended for years. Don't let the beta designation fool you. There is a new 2 beta in the works, btw. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.191.250.134 (talk) 01:59, 29 March 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:GrabIt


text:
Talk:Canadian National Railway

labor relations
I will admit that my perspective is biased, which is why I ask that some neutral party please consider adding a section on CN's poor labor relations. I know from personal experience that CN has been dragging out contract negotiations with the former Wisconsin Central track dept. union for over six years. I've also heard how CN was notorious for a hostile work environment shortly after privatization. I know every large company has labor problems, that CN is not unique, but it is never the less a part of CN's history and should be mentioned. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.115.47.182 (talk) 04:18, 17 July 2013 (UTC)

official names --> Railway vs. Railways
Is there any significance in the difference between Canadian National Railways and Canadian National Railway? Did they just feel the plural a tad too long? --Menchi 20:14, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I'd say on the surface it was largely to appear more modern, new image, brand etc. BUT you have to remember Canadian National Railways was a company headquartered in Montreal and not oblivious to Quebec politics. Quebecers were embracing post-modernism throughout the 40's and 50's in an effort to get away from the stiffling confines of institutions dominated by the Roman Catholic Church.

 * Also, following Quebec premier Maurice Duplessis's death in office in 1959, his successor(s) lost the 1960 election to Jean Lesage, largely based on the growing discontent of the Quebec populace at the Anglicization (sp?) of their culture and the tremendous English control of their economy. The Revolution Tranquille (Quiet Revolution) refers to many of the reforms that Lesage placed in the 60's which transformed the province.

 * It's hardly a coincidence that CNR, an English name and a federally owned Crown corp, decided to change to a bilingually appropriate name at this time - Canadian National/Canadien National with the acronym CN which worked in both languages. Kind of like how Eaton's in English Canada had to change to Eaton in Quebec or today how we have The Home Depot in English Canada vs. Home Depot in Quebec (and New Brunswick).

 * Overall though, it's probably a combination of factors. Canadian railways were VERY slow to dieselize compared to their US counterparts.  It was only in the early 60's that the last steam locomotives were used in revenue service on CN and CP.  With diesels, you needed to paint them (usually with a splashy corporate logo and colours) and the original olive & green paint scheme was considered tired and pretty old school by the 60's so the new paint scheme with the new "squiggly worm" corporate logo - whose design is still viewed by many logo designers and historians world-wide as one of the most signficant logo designs in history - all coincided to drop CNR in lieu of CN.

 * You also have to remember that CNR by the post-war era was no longer a CNR - that is an amalgamation of railways, as it had been set up to do in the 1920s - so with the company having entrenched its operations to the extent that it did, it was no longer a collection of railways but a railway. Also, CN was more than just a railway as it owned Trans-Canada Airlines, vast communication networks, shipping lines and ferries, etc.

 * I feel like I've confused the issue a bit more! :-)

 * In short: 1) post-modernity (or is modernity), 2) logo, corporate image, etc., 3) bilingualism, Quebec-based company, etc., 4) no longer just a railway but more like a holding company for various government agencies/companies, etc.

 * Cheers, Plasma east 17:17, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The CNR was formed from the Canadian Government Railways. Order-in-Council PC 3122 dated December 20, 1918 gave the plural name Canadian National Railways. However, the Canadian National Railway Company was incorporated by Parliament June 6, 1919 which was proclaimed by Order-in-council PC2094 dated October 4, 1922. It would appear that Canadian National Railways was the marketing name since it consisted of several merged railways, but only an examination of the legal texts would confirm the issue. --142.154.32.57 01:04, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I am pretty new the Michigan, previously I lived in Maryland. Seeing CN Rolling stock where I was in Maryland was pretty rare the majority were CSX and Conrail. Naturally, now that I came to Michigan I see them all the time. I was wondering what the deal was with the Canadian/Canadien thing was. At first I thought it was a mistake at the repaint shop, then I was wondering how they could let so many mistakes slip by. Now I know. It must be a French thing. --Dp67 | QSO | Sandbox | UBX's 15:06, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

Who took over whom 1918 - CNoR or CGR?
I am sceptical of the statement that the CNoR was asked to manage the Canadian Government Railways. It seems more likely that CGR would take over the bankrupt CNoR just as it had the National Transcontinental Railway. Is this a reference to the CNoR's D.B. Hanna being asked to take a management role in the new Canadian National Railways by the Minister of Railway and Canals? Needs to be investigated.--142.154.32.57 01:13, 27 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * On November 20, 1918, the Canadian government took over the CNoR. It then entrusted the management of the CGR, which it already owned, to the CNoR board of directors.  JYolkowski 00:40, 3 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Passenger Trains
Is there any interest in adding a passage somewhere about CN's historical passenger trains? There is an article now (albeit a crappy bare stub) on the Super Continental. Anybody out there up for buffing up the stub and linking to there from here? CN fans need to rise to the occasion - the article for The Canadian is much better developed. Fawcett5 03:46, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Stock market information
I noticed that TSX and NYSE information was added to this entry, and to the Canadian Pacific Railway entry - it would probably be more appropriate to place this information with the corporate owners of the respective railways: Canadian National Railway Company and Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, where the TSX and NYSE categories have already been added... Just a thought.Plasma east 05:13, 12 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Passenger service in Newfoundland
I notice that an anon just added something to the article indicating that passenger service in Newfoundland ended in 1969. Is that true? I know that CN discontinued its major Newfoundland passenger service sometime in July of that year, but I was under the impression that passenger service was provided on branch lines (via mixed trains, mostly) after that point. JYolkowski // talk 13:59, 26 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Correct, July 2, 1969 was the last day of the "Newfie Bullet" passenger train, however mixed (freight and passenger)trains continued for many years on three branchlines. Carbonear and Bonavista Mixed service ended in August 1983. Argentia Mixed ended September 19, 1984. The Corner Brook Mixed ended Sept. 30,1988 and abandonment followed with dismantling begun Oct. 1988.
 * R.L.Kennedy 20:55, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * And CNR passenger service ended in Oct. 1968 in Prince Edward Island, if I recall correctly. Would have to read back issues of Canadian Rail or Branchline to confirm though.  Pass. rail service was bustituted, same as Nfld. Plasma east 15:59, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

Diesel Locomotives
What is the basis for the statement that early diesels were a failure? Is it merely the fact more were not built?

There were plenty of Fairbanks-Morse units as well as GMD and MLW/Alco units. Passenger units included F-M in addition to those models listed and in addition there were a number of GMD-1 passenger units.

R.L.Kennedy 20:59, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Various
Regarding the order of control etc. Canadian Government Railways was entrusted to the directors of the Canadian Northern Railway for operation purposes. P.C. 2854, November 20, 1918.

P.C. 3122 December 20, 1918 was Authority for use of the name Canadian National Railways to designate operation procedure of Canadian Northern Railway and the entrusted Canadian Government Railways

9-10 Geo. V, Chap 13 1919 Consolidation of lines constituting Canadian Northern Railway System, the Canadian Government Railways and all railways that are, or may become, the property of the Dominion of Canada.

U.S, Subsidiaries

Grand Trunk Eastern was an informal name, however, legally it was still the Grand Trunk Railway since a Canadian government entity could not legally exist or operate in a foreign country.

This also applied at the Niagara Frontier where CNR trains ran into the US at Niagara Falls, Ontario and New York. It was only about a mile or so of track. I recall seeing a steam locomotive working in the area clearly lettered Grand Trunk. This would have been a requirement in regards to Customs for equipment going into the country etc.

R.L.Kennedy 03:20, 14 Feb 2005 (UTC)

 * Nationalization. Re: the recent change. I think you are getting off track here. The Great War (WWI) was over before the CNR came into being. It was the bankruptcy of GTR and CNoR that brought about the CNR not a desire to nationalize, otherwise the CPR would have taken over. That is nationalization.

 * R.L.Kennedy 00:26, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

Article rewrite
It's been well over a year since the current format of the article was established with the expanded info. Since that time the format many of the rail-related articles on companies, etc. have been improved signficantly. The content, while more-or-less correct, could stand to be edited for better flow, less wordy, etc. and make more use of the CNR images collection at the Nat. Museum of Science & Tech. (public domain - fairuse), etc. I think it's high-time for this entry on CNR to get agressive treatment as a collaboration project - any thoughts by others? Plasma east 15:57, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree, I think it could use a rewrite. There's a lot of good information there, but it's kind of disorganized, and there's a lot of information from the past 10 years but little for the preceding 70.  P.S.  There are a couple of interesting public domain images to be found here: .  JYolkowski // talk 23:02, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Indeed, a greater emphasis needs to be made on the history. I'll see what I can find in my own collection (I think I've got a passenger timetable from the 1950s or 60s, and I've got a bunch of other reference material...), but the majority of my references are on subjects in the western US.  I'm in the middle of research for the Santa Fe Railroad article, but I'm sure that I'll find something helpful. slambo 15:52, September 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, I'll devote some time toward getting a template and draft content for the revision. I have official guides from the 1970s into VIA and an older one from the 1930s for passenger info.  I'll check what I have about other company operations (steamships, hotels, telegraph, etc.).  I agree that historical info is limited in the present version so reversing the proportion would be beneficial to the readership. Plasma east 14:09, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Incorrect interwiki links
I've removed the links to it:CN and sv:CN several times because those are disambiguation pages and I don't see an appropriate Canadian National Railway article on those two wikis yet. Yurikbot keeps re-adding them because CN reidrects to this article. Maybe with them commented out now, the bot won't try to readd them. Slambo (Speak) 16:25, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Commuter service, too
I seem to recall CN operating the commuter train service on Montreal's northern route, Central Station to Deux Montagnes, as recently as the 70s or early 80s. Should that be added to the Passenger section?Shawn in Montreal 04:01, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

Merge discussion, November 2006
Note: Previous discussion.

 * If we're going to merge, the merge should be into this article title as previously stated. At the moment, I still oppose a merge because the other article was split off from this one in the first place.  Slambo (Speak)  17:42, 25 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Seeing no further activity after my previous comment here, I've removed the merge tags as "no consensus after 10 days". Slambo (Speak) 20:57, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

2007 strike
I'm a bit surprised that nobody's put anything in this article about the current strike. Some details are currently in the following references: The strike is expected to last through the coming weekend, and on reading the various train boards out there, I've heard that the CN mainlines are eerily quiet this week as a result. I've added a short blurb to Portal:Trains based on this information. Has there been any effect on CN operations in the US (other than fewer shipments crossing the border in either direction right now)? Slambo (Speak) 16:33, 14 February 2007 (UTC)

Is a strike such as this really worthy of being in an "encyclopedia" ? I think not. It is a news item. Let's at least wait for the outcome of it.

R.L.Kennedy 03:48, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Inappropriate link?
I looked at the link that was repeatedly added to the External links section today. I don't think it meets current external links policy because the page encourages readers to "Become a client" of the trading company that owns the site, and the one paragraph of data available on that page is little more than what we already have in the lead section here. I've seen articles in newspapers unrelated to rail transport that are more extensive than that on subjects that are far smaller than this company. Rather than continuously reverting and getting into an edit war over this, let's discuss it further here. Slambo (Speak) 20:44, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

I've invited the editor who was reinserting the link to join the discussion here, but looking at his contribution history, he has been adding similar links to a number of other pages about current corporations for the same website. I've removed the link from this article again for the reasons stated above. Slambo (Speak) 22:24, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

 * See also Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Spam. Slambo (Speak)  22:42, 6 July 2007 (UTC)

Transcontinental Railway
In the article, it says CN is "Canada's only transcontinental railway company". But in the article of Canadian Pacific Railway, It says CP "was Canada's first transcontinental railway". So, which one is correct? ppa (talk) 00:16, 12 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Both are correct. CP was the first, but it is no longer a transcontinental within Canada as it does not extend eastward past Quebec any more and only reaches the Atlantic Ocean after passing through New York.  CN connects from Vancouver to Nova Scotia entirely within Canada. Slambo (Speak)  11:25, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, but in North America transcontinental railway just means it crosses the Rockies. In any case, CP still reaches Montreal and hence the Atlantic via the St. Lawrence, which is more than many former U.S. transcontinentals could claim. (Western Pacific Railroad? Unless there's a hidden outlet from the Great Salt Lake... :)) Also note that CP didn't originally reach the Maritimes, but it was called a transcontinental from the beginning. (It actually never reached the Atlantic proper except through Maine.) --NE2 20:56, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

Seton to Lillooet "Buddweiser"
I've ridden on the Buddweiser, though CN didn't own the BCR line yet; I"m not sure that it's CN that's operating the route, so much as a local body, probably the Seton Band, that's operating it, and CNR has been forced to provide usage of the tracks. I'll be back about that if I can find the details....Skookum1 (talk) 02:40, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

Updating the Sale of BC Rail scandal
The passage on the tainted sale of BC Rail is far out of date, notably because the court seal was lifted a few months ago, and just this last couple of weeks 8000 pages of documents have been released, though some apparently have been faked to provide false leads. It's a dirty, dirty story though CNR itself isn't necessarily the bad guy; but various allegations of government and politician misconduct have surfaced, and worries of a mistrial have been eclipsed by revelations that the Premier and other high cabinet officials met with CN, and that the CN sale was rigged from the start, such that the bidding process was rigged and the other bidders have called hte process unfair; the sale may be reversed, particularly if collusion charges are levelled by the governing caucus (i.e. levelled by the authorities, they've already been made by a former caucus member). I'm too busy to keep up with edits to this and the BC Rail and the various politician articles and BC Legislature Raids, and there's more breaking every day. For those interested in this issue and who have the time to update the article in an NPOV fashion (which I, frankly, would find hard to do, as I think the guilty parties on the political side of the equation are all damned crooks) and also disapprove of the CNR's slack safety standards (I know the places their trains have gone over, and know that the trains were unnecessarily long) and wonder what other kickbacks there are in teh equation; the trial has since moved far beyodn the grow-op and money laundering charges; ostensibly it's still only about influence peddling ("receiving/offering a benefit", to/from OmniTRAX via Pilot House Communications, a government-friendly lobbying agency) and the involvement of a "backroom Liberal" (Patrick Kinsella) and various payments made to him for unclear services, and how he lobbied without being a registered lobbyist, for more than one corporate party in the bidding, as well as advising the government (Premier) at the same time.....one of hte main citability problems with all this is that the main news sources have been in blogspace because the national media are covering other issues, like gang warfare, pedophiliac rings, floating feet and avalanches, and of course the global economic meltdown and the usual gamut of "ordinary scandals" in Central CAnada and "hockey gossip"; the notability of certain blogs - http://bctrialofbasi-virk.blogspot.com/ plus http://billtieleman.blogspot.com, and articles in http://thetyee.ca and http://www.straight.com plus the occasional column in the major media (but only occasional) require some flexibility on "reliable sources" (as the blogs mentioend are really teh only reliable sources ,as distortion/evasion by the big media continues, despite the occasional column...). Anyway the shit is hitting the fan as I write this, adn it involves CN in a big way; this will haev to be, or should be, a separate section of its own, jsut as it is on teh BC Rail page. So far the Securities & Ecxhange Commission and its Canadian equivalent aren't involved; by the sound of the latest revelations, though, it should be any day now.....as some of the blogpundits have said "this is the most important corruption trial in BC history"...and perhaps Canadian history, eclipsing Airbus/Mulroney-Schreiber and the Sponsorship Scandal. A pretty big deal, too, financially - $1 billion. I know if I were a CN investor, I'd be very worried right now....Skookum1 (talk) 02:40, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

Cuts of service to Northeastern BC
One of the complaints about CN's behaviour in BC has, lately, been the cutting off of freight services into the Peace River Country, increasing costs for those living and doing business in that region; I'll be back with more on that when I have some details.....Skookum1 (talk) 02:40, 28 March 2009 (UTC)

Map needs updating, I think
This is in relation to the situation in the previous section, part of the story of which is that CN closed down services on the Peace River-Prince George link in order to force businesses and residents in that area to rely on a a newly-acquired line/track from Alberta into that region; or would that be the formerly-crown-owned Alberta railway subsidiary? I'll do some digging later about the info in the previous section, but if what I recall reading is right there's another spur line that should be on the map....and does CN own, or not own, the trackline of the Dease Lake Extension?Skookum1 (talk) 14:47, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

Name is no longer Canadian National Railway
The DBA name is now "CN" only and "Canadian National" is excluded from company use/press releases. This is fairly well-known for those following the politics of this company; and it may be4 headquartered in Montreal, in terms of Canadian legal requirements re its ownership, but controlling interest and management direction comes from Texas. Note the use of CN in this article which is about a change in CEO....a CEO who happened to be from Tennessee. Don't want to get into ramifications of this except to say that "Canadian National Railway" is an obsolete term.Skookum1 (talk) 14:57, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Let me know when they change their actual name. For now, their website says "© 2009, Canadian National Railway Company". --NE2 20:50, 28 October 2009 (UTC)

I'm not sure where any of this info is from but if you read the whole article this guy links to it also says the next (current) CEO is a Quebec native. I can't find find or heard anything on CN being controled from Texas!?!? The official name is still Canadian National Railway Company. There are other companies that use their initials throughout company reports and releases... GE,... GM. Also a DBA is a form of incorporation and is not the type of company CN is.173.123.200.144 (talk) 17:17, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

CN Worldwide
How can we incorporate CN Worldwide, a private subsidiary owned by CN? Should it be a one-sentence reference in the intro, or a line in the infobox, or possibly a subsection? --ACRSM 02:05, 11 November 2009 (UTC)

Canadian registry v. actual American ownership
In re a discussion topic, now archived I guess (not on the immediate talkpage above) about whether or not this is a Canadian company, someone had responded that 15% of shares is the limit on any one shareholder, as if that somehow "proved" it was Canadian-owned and not run from Texas, and as if having a flagship office with a Canadian address/registry was sufficient to prove it was still Canadian. !5% may be the limit on any one stock portfolio's share but this 2004 report from the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, quote in the BC Mary blog, says that 70% of shares are held by Americans. Somewhere else another report says that Bill Gates is the single largest shareholder, controlling 23% of shares (apparently through more than one stock portfolio). The actual ownership of the company is dominantly American, and it's known to those who follow the politics or privatization that company decision-making is not in Canadian hands....this is a Canadian registered company, it is not a Canadian owned company......Skookum1 (talk) 16:28, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

Registered?! This is not a boat we're talking about. That whole arguement above is convoluted. There's nothing clear-cut about publicly traded companies. Its a Canadian company, publicly traded on the NYSE and Toronro exchange, headquartered in Montreal. Bill Gates and other investors bought shares of a Canadian company. I'm not sure what is ment by Canadian hands. The board is split between Canadians and Americans, the Chairmam is from Vancouver, the President/CEO is Canadian and the COO is American. So what if the majority of stockholders are American, they probably won't vote in a block. That would go without saying since there are 300 million Americans and 30 million Canadians. Ford is an American company with shares owned by American and Canadian investors.173.123.200.144 (talk) 15:10, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

Reporting Currency
The company reports in Canadian dollars (all figures on cn.ca) but the article sources these things in USD (the second footnote). This seems illogical. Change it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.148.129.210 (talk) 19:08, 17 January 2010 (UTC)

Templates for many more states
By the map and article, there are many more states with CNR service, especially between Canada and Alabama. Someone should add those. --DThomsen8 (talk) 12:40, 2 May 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Montrain

The article Montrain has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * A search for references found no WP:RS for the content of this article. Fails WP:V and WP:N

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Jeepday (talk) 00:09, 31 December 2010 (UTC)

Purchase of Thompson branch
Hello,

in 1957, the spur from Hudson Bay Railway near Sipiwesk to the city of Thompson, Manitoba, was build and thus owned by INCO. At some point between, 1958 and 1962, the branch was sold to CN. Does somebody know, or maybe could figure out, in what year this did happen?

Regards Kallewirsch (talk) 23:09, 6 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Some pretty heavy googling reveals this  - the reports are dated to 1958 - from monthly journals - so I'd say they bought it 1957/8 - looks like they bought it pretty much once it was built.  (if I've read right )

 * quote: "Still another branch line became a part of CNR with acquisition of the newly constructed 30-mile railway from Sipiwesk on the Hudson Bay line in Northern Manitoba to the great new nickel deposits being developed by International Nickel Ltd. at Thompson in the Moal Lake-Mystery Lake region:"

 * It's mentioned in the context of the opening of the Bartibog to Heathe Steal line which happened in 1957 - so I guess it is a from a review of the previous year (1957) - that would mean that CNR bought the line as soon as it was completed (I would guess that INCO would be making a bigger profit on the mine than CNR on just operating a railway - so it may have made sense for INCO to 'subidise' the cost of the railway by effectively building it for them, and then letting them have it at reduced cost - it might not have made sense as a capital investment for CNR as muc otherwise - that's just a guess = I can't think of another reason why CNR didn't build it themselves if the intention was (as it seems) to operated it from day 1...)

 * someone at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Trains might have more info.Imgaril (talk) 03:31, 7 August 2011 (UTC)

Many thanks for the quick response. As searching by Google is often a mystery, without the exact phrase I wouldn´t have found it.

CN was running the line from the beginning, according to this article describing the opening event.

According to this and this article, the bill that allowed CN to buy the line was in its last phase of legislation in December 57. I don´t know how legislation in Canada worked in the late 50ies, but I think the bill was finally passed end of 57 or early 58. Even if there was no much need for negotiations, I think it´s unlikely that the purchase took place still in 57.

The latter souce gives a hint why the line was built by INCO and not by CN. I suppose that in those boom years INCO needed a secure way to bring men and material into Thompson area as soon as possible, so they didn't want to wait until parliament did pass a bill to allow CN to build the line itself. Kallewirsch (talk) 07:46, 7 August 2011 (UTC)

Ships
The CNR, in common with many railways, operated an number of ships. This was done through Canadian National Steamships Ltd. The article doesn't mention this at all. Mjroots (talk) 06:31, 1 September 2011 (UTC)

Ownership
This material is unsoursed and rediculous. This is an assumption and if you knew why the GTC was created it was for tax purposes or for merging with another company. If you're going to make text like this the easiest thing to do would be to cite the actual US law. ''The US subsidiaries kept their identities due to their ownership. Legally, foreign governments were not allowed to own railroads in the US. However, a railroad owned by another railroad was allowed to operate, even if that "other railroad" was owned by a foreign government.'' 173.123.200.144 (talk) 14:28, 25 April 2012 (UTC)

Outdated Map?
The Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway has been a subsidiary of the CN since 2009. Shouldn't the map be updated to include the new "belt" around Chicago? --MasterA113 (talk) 22:03, 23 September 2012 (UTC)

"as far north as Anchorage"??
from the introductory article section: "... it is the northernmost rail line anywhere within the North American Rail Network, as far north as Anchorage, Alaska. " The map at the beginning of this article shows no red lines reaching Anchorage. If this is supposed to suggest that the northernmost service is at the same latitude as Anchorage, let it be clarified. Mang (talk) 19:27, 17 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Though the claim is true - I think - because the White Pass and Yukon Railway and the Alaska Railway (?) near Anchorage do not connect to the North American network. The northernmost point in the CN network for now is, I think, Mosque, British Columbia on the Dease Lake Extension of what had formerly been the British Columbia Railway and was never completed; there's current talk about finishing it to Dease Lake, British Columbia and extending it via Atlin, I think, and the Yukon River to Fairbanks; no other route is build-able other than nearer the Alaska Highway; the CN line in Northeastern BC may reach farther north than the Dease Lake Extension i.e. to Fort Nelson, British Columbia maybe.Skookum1 (talk) 07:57, 19 April 2013 (UTC)
 * the map does need upgrading to show the Dease Lake line, wherever it ends at the moment.......but the northernmost point of the network is Hay River, Northwest Territories; neither northerly point in BC is as far north.Skookum1 (talk) 08:11, 19 April 2013 (UTC)

Neutrality
I don't think the section "High Treason" is particularly neutral... Stephenb (Talk) 07:13, 19 April 2013 (UTC)
 * I just removed it with the edit comment "who added THAT??".....also the two short sections following it which were also uncited and also b.s. You can take the POV tag off unless there are other reasons for it to stay?Skookum1 (talk) 07:50, 19 April 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Canadian National Railway. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20040726093549/http://www.aar.org:80/PubCommon/Documents/AboutTheIndustry/RRProfile_GTW.pdf to http://www.aar.org/PubCommon/Documents/AboutTheIndustry/RRProfile_GTW.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 18:35, 17 October 2015 (UTC)

70 mi railway to Hay River
Which stretch of track is being referred to? Mackenzie Northern Railway lists this stretch as 602 miles. --Ysangkok (talk) 03:06, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * There are 76 mi of track within NWT, so it's worded misleadingly. The line that branches off from the rest of the CN network, from Roma Jct (Grimshaw) to Hay River, is 376 mi long. The 602 mi figure must include the former NAR lines Smith–Fahler, Winagami (McLellan)–Grimshaw, and the Daishowa Spur, which were also part of MNR. Indefatigable (talk) 22:32, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

Proposed updates to Corporate governance section
Hi,

I represent CN. We are hoping an editor can kindly update the Corporate governance section of the Canadian National Railway page to reflect the current members of CN's Board of Directors as follows:

Members of the Board
Robert Pace, D. COMM.

Chair of the Board

Canadian National Railway Company

President and Chief Executive Officer

The Pace Group

Committees: 3, 4, 5, 7

Donald J. Carty, O.C., LL.D.

Retired Vice-Chairman and Chief Financial Officer

Dell Inc.

Committees: 1(C), 3, 5, 6, 7

Ambassador Gordon D. Giffin

Partner

Dentons U.S. LLP

Committees: 1, 4, 6(C), 7, 8

Edith E. Holiday

Corporate Director and Trustee, Former General Counsel, United States Treasury Department and Secretary of the Cabinet

The White House

Committees: 1, 2, 6, 7, 8(C)

V. Maureen Kempston Darkes, O.C., D. COMM., LL.D.

Retired Group Vice-President

General Motors Corporation and President GM Latin America,

Africa and Middle East

Committees: 1, 2, 3, 5(C), 7

The Honourable Denis Losier, P.C., LL.D., C.M.

Retired President and Chief Executive Officer

Assumption Life

Committees: 3(C), 4, 6, 7, 8

The Honourable Kevin G. Lynch, P.C., O.C., PH.D., LL.D.

Vice-Chair

BMO Financial Group

Committees: 2(C), 3, 6, 7, 8

Luc Jobin

President and Chief Executive Officer

Canadian National Railway Company

Committees: 4(C), 7

James E. O'Connor

Former Chairman and CEO

Republic Services, Inc.

Committees: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7(C)

Robert L. Phillips

President

R.L. Phillips Investments Inc.

Committees: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7

Laura Stein

Executive Vice-President – General Counsel and Corporate Affairs

The Clorox Company

Committees: 1, 2, 5, 6, 7

Committees:

1. Audit

2. Finance

3. Corporate Governance and Nominating

4. Donations and Sponsorships Committee

5. Environment, Safety and Security

6. Human Resources and Compensation

7. Strategic Planning

8. Investment Committee of CN's Pension Trust Funds

(C) Denotes chair of the committee

At the same time, we would like to update the Heads of CNR section of the page more completely accurately and reflect the members:

Heads of CNR

 * David B. Hanna 1919-1922 as President

 * Sir Henry W. Thornton 1922-1932 as Chair and President

 * Samuel J. Hungerford 1932-1941 as President and 1936-1942 as Chair

 * Robert C. Vaughan 1941-1949 as President and 1942-1949 as Chair

 * Donald Gordon 1950-1966 as Chair and President

 * Norman J. MacMillan 1967-1974 as Chair and President

 * Pierre Taschereau 1974-1977 as Chair

 * Robert A. Bandeen 1974-1982 as President

 * Jacques A. Dextrase 1977-1982 as Chair

 * J. Maurice LeClair 1982-1985 as President and Chief Executive Officer and 1985 1986 as Chair and Chief Executive Officer

 * Jack H. Horner 1982-1984 as Chair

 * Elizabeth J. Hewes 1984-1985 as Chair

 * Ronald E. Lawless 1985-1987 as President and 1987-1992 as President and Chief Executive Officer

 * Brian O’Neill Gallery 1987-1989 as Chair

 * Brian R.D. Smith 1989-1994 as Chair

 * David G.A. McLean 1994-2014 as Chair

 * Paul M. Tellier 1992-2002 as President and Chief Executive Officer

 * E. Hunter Harrison 2003-2009 as President and Chief Executive Officer

 * Claude Mongeau 2010-2016 as President and Chief Executive Officer

 * Robert Pace 2014- as Chair

 * Luc Jobin 2016- as President and Chief Executive Officer

Please let me know if you have any questions or concerns.

Thanks!

Scott

Sources:

CNR.CA Company Profile

The Board and Its Committees

Historical Heads of CN

Scott at CN (talk) 18:23, 16 August 2016 (UTC)

 * Yellow check.svg Partly done: I have updated the "Heads" section as per the sources provided above...but not sure about listing current positions at all...as per WP:LISTPEOPLE " the names of non-notable people may be included in a list that is largely made up of notable people"...its a close call. Will leave the request open to get a third persons POV on this.--Moxy (talk) 18:53, 16 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Moxy, I added just a sentence with just the names of the board members; no details about their positions at other companies. If I'm reading it correctly, WP:LISTPEOPLE governs stand-alone lists, so I don't think it is of concern to an embedded list. Is what I wrote a fair compromise? Altamel (talk) 01:21, 22 August 2016 (UTC)

The other electric locomotives
Besides the CN Boxcab Electric Canadian National Railways the section mentions ...they were supplemented by nearly identical locomotives from the National Harbours Board; those engines were built in 1924 by Beyer-Garratt and English-Electric. In 1950, three General Electric center-cab electric locomotives were added to the fleet. Would it be possible to add specific articles? Peter Horn User talk 20:52, 21 August 2016 (UTC) Peter Horn User talk 20:55, 21 August 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Canadian National Railway. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150316040235/http://www.cruiseshipodyssey.com/prgeorge.htm to http://www.cruiseshipodyssey.com/prgeorge.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120526075151/http://www.rtands.com/newsflash/cn-completes-merger-of-dmir-dwp-into-wisconsin-central-4882.html to http://www.rtands.com/newsflash/cn-completes-merger-of-dmir-dwp-into-wisconsin-central-4882.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120307103836/http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/rail/2003/r03v0083/r03v0083_index.asp to http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/rail/2003/r03v0083/r03v0083_index.asp
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120819095430/http://www.brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=179 to http://www.brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=179

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:00, 9 December 2017 (UTC)

Bill Gates share claim
The only citation for the claim that Bill Gates is the largest shareholder points to an article written in 2011 (Posted: Apr 25, 2011 11:18 AM ET | Last Updated: April 25, 2011). There is no confirmation this is still the case, making the 2019 claim unverifiable. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.36.45.46 (talk) 00:46, 25 October 2019 (UTC)

Agreed. Not sure where the "2019" claim comes from. Share ownership listing on Nasdaq shows much change since 2011. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.52.88.138 (talk) 21:27, 19 November 2019 (UTC)

What happened
What happened to the link between Sudbury Junction and Pembroke? Peter Horn User talk 00:03, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

Featured picture scheduled for POTD
Hello! This is to let editors know that File:CN 8015, 5690 and 5517 Hinton - Jasper.jpg, a featured picture used in this article, has been selected as the English Wikipedia's picture of the day (POTD) for July 2, 2024. A preview of the POTD is displayed below and can be edited at Template:POTD/2024-07-02. For the greater benefit of readers, any potential improvements or maintenance that could benefit the quality of this article should be done before its scheduled appearance on the Main Page. If you have any concerns, please place a message at Wikipedia talk:Picture of the day. Thank you! — Amakuru (talk) 12:37, 27 June 2024 (UTC)

Derailment
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

If we make a section for the recent derailment in Illinois, we should try to protect it from vandalism.

Thanks! Railfan 124 (talk) 17:16, 28 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canadian National Railway


text:
Liza Weil

Liza Weil (born June 5, 1977) is an American actress. She is best known for her starring role as Paris Geller in the WB/CW comedy-drama series Gilmore Girls (2000–2007) and its Netflix revival series Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life (2016). She is also known for her roles as White House aide Amanda Tanner in the ABC political drama series Scandal (2012) and as attorney Bonnie Winterbottom in the ABC legal drama series How to Get Away with Murder (2014–2020).

Early life and education
Weil was born in Passaic, New Jersey, into an acting family. She was raised in, and continues to practice, Reform Judaism.

Her parents, Lisa and Marc Weil, toured Europe with their comedy troupe, The Madhouse Company of London, with her in tow. Weil had aspirations of becoming an archaeologist in her younger years, because of the Indiana Jones film trilogy and a childhood crush on Harrison Ford. In 1984, at the age of seven, her family settled down in suburban Lansdale, Pennsylvania northwest of Philadelphia, where her parents still reside. Weil has described herself as an average student who focused more on her budding acting career than her studies.

Weil traveled frequently to New York City for professional auditions and acted in productions both off-Broadway and in Philadelphia's theatrical community before pursuing her film and television career. A 1995 graduate of North Penn High School, she graduated in the summer rather than the regular term due to her acting commitments.

Her first appearance on network television was in a 1995 episode of the New York-based CBS soap opera As the World Turns, where she played an unnamed student in a science class.

Career
Weil continues to be active in the Los Angeles theatrical community during hiatuses, is a regular performer at the Ojai Playwrights Conference in early August and radio dramas with L.A. Theatre Works, and still occasionally performs in live theater in Philadelphia and New York City. She has acted with every member of her family; in 2004, she headlined with her father in a well-received community theater production of Proof at the Montgomery Theater in Souderton, Pennsylvania, just north of her adopted hometown of Lansdale. Her first ever television role in 1994, which was an episode of The Adventures of Pete & Pete called "Yellow Fever", found her playing a bully alongside her mother Lisa, who played a teacher (she would also play a second role later in the series as a love interest to Big Pete in the episode "35 Hours"). Her younger sister Samantha shared the screen with Liza in Gilmore Girls' third-season finale, "Those Are Strings, Pinocchio". Samantha Weil played a student named Bernadette (who was unrelated to Paris) making a video yearbook entry in front of an impatient Paris, who is standing off to the side waiting to make her own entry.

An alumna of Columbia University, Weil received her first major feature film role co-starring with Kevin Bacon in Stir of Echoes. Before that role, she starred in the 1998 independent film, Whatever. Her first film was the 1996 short film, A Cure For Serpents, where she played a daughter of a mysophobic woman bringing home a boyfriend who was not as obsessive with cleanliness. She also appeared in several other short and feature-length independent films, such as Motel Jerusalem, Scar, and Lullaby. After her work in Whatever and Stir of Echoes, Warner Bros. signed Weil to a talent holding deal and she moved to Los Angeles, where she guest-starred on series produced by that studio, including ER and The West Wing, before being cast on Gilmore Girls.

Weil was originally considered for the role of Rory Gilmore by Gilmore Girls creator Amy Sherman-Palladino before Alexis Bledel won the role; the character of Paris Geller was created especially for Weil.

In 2006, Weil was featured in the horror themed short film, Grace, in which her character suffers a miscarriage, yet decides to carry the baby to term with terrifying results. The film, which also featured Brian Austin Green, premiered at the Fangoria Weekend of Horrors convention on June 2, 2006, and is the basis for the 2009 feature film of the same name. She also had a minor role as a humane society worker in the Molly Shannon film Year of the Dog, and appeared as Doris Delay in the 2008 biographical film Neal Cassady, and as a reporter in the 2010 live-action rotoscoping film Mars.

Weil also voiced a public service announcement in support of the American Diabetes Association's Step Up to Fight Diabetes staircase climb event, which took place in Center City Philadelphia on October 20, 2007.

In 2009, Weil returned to her roots as a regular guest star in various television series, including appearances in Eleventh Hour, CSI, In Plain Sight, Grey's Anatomy and Private Practice and in February 2010 began a run as Dr. Glass on the popular Internet series Anyone But Me; series creator Susan Miller officiated at Weil's wedding to Paul Adelstein in 2006.

In March 2011, Weil was cast as Amanda Tanner, a White House aide, in ABC's Scandal, a series written and produced by Shonda Rhimes. Weil had a recurring role in the series' first season.

Weil played a supporting role in the horror film Smiley, and started 2013 as a recurring guest star in the last half of the only season of Amy Sherman-Palladino's ABC Family series Bunheads as Milly, the sister of Truly Stone.

She is also a frequent collaborator of independent film director Noah Buschel, having appeared in most of his work. She co-produced and starred in his 2014 low-budget project The Situation is Liquid.

In February 2014, Weil was cast as Bonnie Winterbottom, an assistant to Annalise Keating (Viola Davis) in the ABC series How to Get Away with Murder, which premiered during the 2014–15 television season. She also reprised her role as Paris Geller in the "Winter" and "Spring" episodes of the Netflix revival series Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life.

In 2019, it was revealed that Weil would appear in the third season of the Amazon Prime Video series The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel as Carole Keen (a character created in tribute to bass guitarist Carol Kaye, though Kaye voiced objections to the overall character and portrayal ), making that series Weil's third collaboration with the Palladinos.

In early 2022, she began a recurring role as FBI agent Katherine Russo in the Fox series The Cleaning Lady.

Personal life
Weil married actor Paul Adelstein in a Reform Jewish ceremony in November 2006. They had previously known each other through theatrical projects. The two went on to appear together in three film projects: the short film Order Up (2007), the Gregory Dark-helmed Little Fish, Strange Pond (2008), and The Missing Person (2008). She also appeared in a 2011 episode of Private Practice, although she and Adelstein had no scenes together. In April 2010, the couple had a daughter, Josephine Elizabeth Weil-Adelstein. Weil filed for divorce from Adelstein in March 2016, citing irreconcilable differences. The divorce was finalized in November 2017.

Weil dated her Murder co-star Charlie Weber from mid-2016 to February 2019.

Weil is left-handed and a natural brunette. Her niece is child actress Scarlett Estevez.

title: Liza Weil


text:
List of universities and colleges in Beijing

There are at least 90 Universities and colleges in Beijing, the Chinese capital and city with most higher education institutions nationwide. Most of the colleges and universities are public or affiliated; only a few are privately established.

Others

 * Beijing International Chinese College (北京国际汉语学院)
 * Central Academy of Arts and Design (中央工艺美术学院), merged into Tsinghua University as Academy of Arts and Design of Tsinghua University (清华大学美术学院) in 1999
 * École centrale de Pékin, created in Beijing in 2005
 * Peking Medical University, merged into Peking University in 2000
 * Yenching University, re-organized and mainly merged into Peking University in 1952, some of the departments merged into Tsinghua University and Renmin University of China


text:
User:Kbh3rd/Images

Images by user Kbh3rd

These are images that I (Kbh3rd) have either taken (photos) or made (maps and graphs). Unless otherwise noted, I retain the copyright to these images and make them available for use under the terms of the license on the individual image description pages. I've found some being re-used on the web and in print, but usually without proper attribution. A link to the image description page would suffice, or text attribution to "Wikipedian Kbh3rd" or "Kbh3rd at Wikipedia" or such.

This gallery is no longer complete. A fuller collection is found in my category on Wikimedia Commons.

When reusing a copyrighted image with a license that requires attribution, that attribution may be given in one of these ways:

 * A hyperlink to the description page for the image on Wikimedia Commons or, if only available there, to the image description page on the English Wikipedia.
 * A hyperlink to my Wikipedia user page
 * The text "Wikimedia Commons by Kbh3rd" if the image is from Wikimedia Commons
 * The text "Wikipedian Kbh3rd" if the image is found on any Wikimedia Commons or on Wikipedia.

Different images have been uploaded with different licenses. I am more than happy to consider different licenses or custom terms to ease reuse for specific purposes.

Maps
These are presented roughly in the order of creation. I hope there's a trend towards higher quality as I progress. I've written my own tool to create SVG maps directly from GIS data in shapefiles. It's a command-line Perl utility that's not for the faint of heart.

Logic to position the dots for the state parks of Missouri dynamic map

Diagrams
Images to move to Commons

title: User:Kbh3rd/Images


text: Category:Provinces of Turkey

title: Category:Provinces of Turkey


text:
List of colonial governors of Ruanda-Urundi

This is a list of European colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Ruanda-Urundi, an area equivalent to modern-day Rwanda and Burundi. Ruanda-Urundi formed part of German East Africa until it was captured by Belgian forces during World War I. After that, the territory became a Class B League of Nations mandate, and later a United Nations trust territory, under the administration of Belgium, until 1962 when the constituent parts of the territory became independent.

Military Residency of Urundi and Ruanda
On 15 November 1907, the Military Residency of Urundi and Ruanda was divided into two civil residencies: Ruanda and Urundi.

Ruanda-Urundi mandate / trust territory

On 1 July 1962, the constituent parts of Ruanda-Urundi became independent as the Republic of Rwanda (République du Rwanda) and the Kingdom of Burundi (Royaume du Burundi), respectively.


text:
Karl Elze

Karl Friedrich Elze (22 May 1821, Dessau – 21 January 1889, Halle) was a German scholar and Shakespearean critic.

Life
He was the son of Pastor Karl August Wilhelm Elze. He studied (1839–1843) classical philology, and modern, but especially English, literature at the University of Leipzig where he obtained his PhD. He was a master for a time in the gymnasium (preparatory school) at Dessau, and in 1875 was appointed extraordinary, and in 1876 ordinary, professor of English philology at the University of Halle. The course catalogue for the winter 1875/76 has a four-hour lecture on the history of English literature one hour each day on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays. On Wednesdays and Saturdays he publicly lectured on Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.

Elze began his literary career with the Englischer Liederschatz (1851), an anthology of English lyrics, edited for a while a critical periodical Atlantis, and in 1857 published an edition of Shakespeare's Hamlet with critical notes. He also edited George Chapman's Alphonsus (1867) and wrote biographies of Walter Scott, Byron and Shakespeare; Abhandlungen zu Shakespeare (English translation by D Schmitz, as Essays on Shakespeare, London, 1874), and the treatise, Notes on Elizabethan Dramatists with conjectural emendations of the text (3 vols, Halle, 1880–1886, new ed. 1889).

He was politically active as a member of the Dessau-ischen for many years and presented a programmatic script to the Constitution of the Duchy of 1848 and promoted the idea that "Freedom of religion should be granted without Government controls".

title: Karl Elze


text: Category:2001 meteorology

title: Category:2001 meteorology


text: Category:2002 meteorology

title: Category:2002 meteorology


text:
Talk:Cheviot, Ohio

Untitled
What's the actual scoop about the Confederate "Morgan's Raiders" having burned Cheviot to the ground during the Civil War? This is a humble request to Historians to accurately expand the History section. Thank You!

I'd like to add some stuff about the current events in Cheviot such as the famous Harvest Home Fair...

what do you think? ,,, Joe Henzi

 * Sure, these things are always welcome. You might take a look at WikiProject Cities for a suggested outline of section headings. Lou I 13:22, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

cheviot
cheviot is in the world book of records —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.49.172.214 (talk) 21:56, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

For what?? -- I once heard that Cheviot holds a world record for most pubs/bars per capita in a city...but I have yet to find confirmation on that. 12.43.40.26 (talk) 19:56, 13 September 2010 (UTC)Yobbo14

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 5 one external links on Cheviot, Ohio. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6HQu4Spqa?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopest%2Fdata%2Fcities%2Ftotals%2F2012%2FSUB-EST2012.html to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov to http://factfinder2.census.gov
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov to http://factfinder2.census.gov
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fwww%2Fgazetteer%2Ffiles%2FGaz_places_national.txt to http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt
 * Added tag to http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/37749197v1p37_ch02.pdf
 * Added archive http://www.webcitation.org/6HQu4Spqa?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopest%2Fdata%2Fcities%2Ftotals%2F2012%2FSUB-EST2012.html to http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 15:30, 21 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cheviot, Ohio


text:
Charles Anthon

Charles Anthon (November 19, 1797 – July 29, 1867) was an American classical scholar. Anthon was a professor at Columbia College and became headmaster of its grammar and preparatory school. He produced classical works for schools, which contained assistance and translations in the notes. He had a disagreement with Martin Harris over an account where they discussed the authenticity of the Anthon Transcript of the Book of Mormon. Anthon was also an acquaintance of writer Edgar Allan Poe. He died in New York City at the age of 69.

Life
His father George Christian Anthon was a German-American medical doctor who served in the British Army during the American Revolution until the surrender of Detroit in 1796. George attained the rank of surgeon general, resigned, married the daughter of a French officer, and settled in New York City. Charles was born there on November 19, 1797, graduated with honors from Columbia College in 1815, and, after studying law at his elder brother's firm, was called to the bar in 1819. He never practiced. Instead, the next year, he was appointed assistant professor of Greek and Latin at his old college. In 1830, he was made a full professor and become the headmaster of the Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School. In 1835, he was appointed Jay Professor of the Greek Language and Literature in Columbia College upon the resignation of Nathaniel Fish Moore. He retired from the grammar school in 1864 and died in New York on July 29, 1867, at the age of 69.

Works
He produced a large number of classical works for use in colleges and schools, which enjoyed great popularity, although schoolmasters sometimes disliked their use by students, owing to the large amount of assistance and translations contained in the notes. Anthon's books on classical literature commonly included a "classical dictionary". He also wrote A Manual of Greek Literature from the Earliest Authentic Periods to the Close of Byzantine Era, providing a list of all Greek writers in that period, with a summary of their life and works and a bibliography of editions then in use. The overview is still useful today, but outdated. His intention to provide a similar volume for Latin literature was never fulfilled.

Dr. Anthon's work was carried on by his successor, Henry Drisler.

Anthon Transcript
Charles Anthon is famous in connection with the history of the Latter Day Saint movement because of his interactions with Martin Harris in February 1828 concerning a fragment of Joseph Smith's translation of the Book of Mormon. The fragment later came to be known as the Anthon Transcript. According to Harris, Anthon wrote Harris a letter of authenticity declaring the fragment to contain true Egyptian characters. Anthon also confirmed the translation of these characters as correct. When informed that an angel of God had revealed the characters to Joseph Smith, Anthon tore up the authentication, stating that there was no such thing as angels, and asked Harris to bring the plates to him for translation. Martin Harris went to Dr. Samuel L. Mitchill afterwards and received a letter of authenticity from him. Anthon, however, disagreed with Harris' version of their encounter and stated in a letter to Eber D. Howe on February 17, 1834, that the story of Anthon's authentication was false, that Anthon had identified the writings as a hoax, and that Anthon had told Harris that the writings were part of "a scheme to cheat the farmer [Martin Harris] of his money..." Anthon gave a second account in 1841 as to whether he gave Harris a written opinion about the document: "[Harris] requested me to give him my opinion in writing about the paper which he had shown to me. I did so without hesitation, partly for the man's sake, and partly to let the individual 'behind the curtain' see that his trick was discovered. The import of what I wrote was, as far as I can now recollect, simply this, that the marks in the paper appeared to be merely an imitation of various alphabetical characters, and had, in my opinion, no meaning at all connected with them."

Acquaintance with Poe
Dr. Anthon was a friend and correspondent of Edgar Allan Poe, who attempted to use their acquaintance to gain a national reputation in literature and journalism as well as publication in 1845 of his collected stories through Harper and Brothers. This was, at the time, unsuccessful due to a doubtful accusation of plagiarism against Poe; however, Poe went on to establish himself in the first rank of American letters.

Reference and instructional works

 * Charles Anthon, Elements of Latin Prosody and Metre, New York: Swords (1824). online
 * A classical dictionary: containing a copious account of all the proper names mentioned in ancient authors etc., by J. Lemprière, D.D., 5th American edition, corrected and improved by Charles Anthon (1825). online
 * Richard Valpy, The Elements of Greek Grammar, with additions by C. Anthon, 8th edition (1833). online
 * Charles Anthon, A Grammar of the Greek Language (1838). online; revised and corrected by the Rev. J.R. Major, D.D., London: Thomas Tegg (1840). online
 * Charles Anthon, A System of Greek Prosody and Metre: for the use of schools and colleges (1839). online; (1842) online
 * Charles Anthon, A System of Latin Prosody and Metre, from the Best Authorities, Ancient and Modern, Harper and Brothers (1842).online
 * Charles Anthon, First Greek lessons: containing all the inflexions of the Greek language, together with appropriate exercises in the translating and writing of Greek, for the use of beginners. Anthon's Greek Lessons, Part I (1842). online
 * Charles Anthon, An Introduction to Greek Prose Composition. Anthon's Greek Lessons, Part II (1842). online
 * Charles Anthon, First Latin Lessons, containing the most important parts of the grammar of the Latin language, together with appropriate exercises in the translating and writing of Latin, for the use of beginners. Anthon's Latin Grammar, Part I (1838). online, (1846 printing)
 * Charles Anthon, An Introduction to Latin Prose Composition. Anthon's Latin Grammar, Part II (1842). online
 * Charles Anthon, A Classical Dictionary, containing an account of the principal proper names mentioned in ancient authors, Harper and Brothers (1842). online
 * A new abridgement of Ainsworth's dictionary: English and Latin, for the use of grammar schools, by John Dymock, LL.D., new American edition with corrections and improvements by Charles Anthon, Philadelphia: Butler & Williams (1844). online
 * Charles Anthon, A System of Latin Versification, in a series of progressive exercises (1845). online
 * A school dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities, abridged from the larger dictionary by William Smith, LL.D., with corrections and improvements by Charles Anthon, LL.D. (1846). online
 * Charles Anthon, A system of ancient and mediæval geography for the use of schools and colleges (1850). online
 * Charles Anthon, A Manual of Roman Antiquities, with numerous illustrations (1851). online
 * Charles Anthon, A Manual of Grecian Antiquities, with numerous illustrations (1852). online
 * Charles Anthon, A Manual of Greek Literature from the Earliest Authentic Periods to the Close of Byzantine Era (1853). online
 * A copious and critical English-Latin lexicon, founded on the German-Latin dictionary of Dr. by Joseph Esmond Riddle and Thomas Kerchever Arnold, first American edition, carefully revised, and containing a copious dictionary of proper names from the best sources, by Charles Anthon, LL.D., New York: Harper and Brothers (1856). online
 * A Latin-English and English-Latin dictionary: for the use of schools, chiefly from the lexicons of Freund, Georges, and Kaltschmidt, by Charles Anthon (1859). online
 * A School Grammar of the Latin Language by C.G. Zumpt, translated and adapted by Leonhard Schmitz, corrected and enlarged by Charles Anthon (1859). online
 * A new classical dictionary of Greek and Roman biography, mythology and geography, partly based upon the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology by William Smith, LL.D., revised, with numerous corrections and additions, by Charles Anthon, LL.D. (1862). online

School editions with commentary

 * C. Crispi Sallusti opera, omissis fragmentis, omnia: ad optimorum exemplarium fidem recensita, animadversionibus illustravit P. Wilson, LL.D., 4th ed. recensuit notasque suas adspersit Charles Anthon, New York: Carvill (1825). online; Charles Anthon, C. Crispi Sallustii de Catilinae conjuratione belloque Jugurthino Historiae, New York: Carvill (1829) online; 4th ed., Boston (1833) online; Sallust's Jugurthine War and Conspiracy of Catiline, with an English Commentary, and Geographical and Historical Indexes, 6th ed., New York: Harper and Brothers (1837) online; 6th ed. (1838) online; 10th ed. (1854) online
 * Charles Anthon, Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War; and The First Book of the Greek Paraphrase; with English Notes, Critical and Explanatory, Plans of Battles, Sieges, Etc., and Historical, Geographical, and Archaeological Indexes, Harper and Brothers (1838). online (1862 printing)
 * Charles Anthon, Q. Horatii Flacci Poëmata, New York: Carvill (1830). online; The Works of Horace, with English Notes, Critical and Explanatory, Harper and Brothers (1839); new edition (1849) online (1857 printing)
 * The Greek Reader, by Frederic Jacobs, new edition, with English notes, critical and explanatory, a metrical index to Homer and Anacreon, and a copious lexicon. By Charles Anthon. (1840). online
 * Charles Anthon, The Aeneid of Virgil, with English Notes, Critical and Explanatory, a Metrical Clavis, an Historical, Geographical, and Mythological Index, Harper and Brothers (1843). online
 * Charles Anthon, M. Tullii Ciceronis Orationes Selectae, ex recensione Jo. Aug. Ernesti., with an English commentary, London: Priestley (1837) online; new edition, London (1846) online; Select Orations of Cicero, with English Notes, Critical and Explanatory, new edition, New York: Harper and Brothers (1845). online; new edition (1849) online
 * Charles Anthon, The De senectute, De amicitia, Paradoxa, and Somnium Scipionis of Cicero, and the Life of Atticus by Cornelius Nepos, with English Notes, Critical and Explanatory (1848). online
 * Charles Anthon, The First Six Books of Homer's Iliad with English Notes, Critical and Explanatory, A Metrical Index, and Homeric Glossary, Harper and Brothers (1851). online; The first three books of Homer's Iliad, according to the ordinary text, and also with the restoration of the digamma, new edition by Benjamin Davies, London (1854) online
 * Charles Anthon, The Anabasis of Xenophon, with English Notes, Critical and Explanatory, Harper and Brothers (1852). online
 * Charles Anthon, Cornelius Nepos with Notes, Historical and Explanatory, Harper and Brothers (1852). online (1871 printing)
 * Charles Anthon, The Germania and Agricola, and also Selections from the Annals, of Tacitus, with English Notes, Critical and Explanatory, (1847). online (1852 printing); (1853) online
 * Charles Anthon, The Satires of Juvenal and Persius with English Notes Critical and Explanatory, from the Best Commentators, Harper and Brothers, (1857). online
 * Hubert Ashton Holden, M.T. Ciceronis De Officiis libri tres, with marginal analysis and an English commentary, first American edition corrected and enlarged by Charles Anthon, (1859). online
 * Charles Anthon, An English commentary on the Rhesus, Medea, Hippolytus, Alcestis, Heraclidae, Supplices, and Troades of Euripides (1877). online

Family
His brother John Anthon was a noted jurist. His brother Henry Anthon (1795-1861) was a noted clergyman. His son Charles Edward Anthon was a professor of history and belles-lettres at the New York Free Academy (which later became the College of the City of New York), and a prominent numismatist.

title: Charles Anthon


text:
Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party

Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary Ceylon Equal Society Party, Sinhala; විප්ලවකාරි ලංකා සමසමජ පක්ෂය) was a political group in Ceylon, that broke away from the Trotskyist Lanka Sama Samaja Party, since Philip Gunawardena (one of the principal LSSP leaders) refused to reconcile with the Bolshevik Samasamaja Party. When the BSP and LSSP fused in 1950, Gunawardena split to form VLSSP.

In 1952 VLSSP entered into an electoral alliance with the Communist Party. In the parliamentary elections that year, VLSSP won one seat (represented by Gunawardena's wife, Kusumasiri Gunawardena).

Philip Gunawardena lead the Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party (VLSSP) since 1951 and as constituent party formed the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (MEP, Peoples’ United Front) in 1956 under the leadership of Mr.SWRD Bandaranaike to form the first people’s government in 1956 General Election. At that election, VLSSP won five seats in the parliament as part of MEP. Philip Gunawardena became the Minister of Agriculture, Food, & Co-operatives and his party colleague P. J. William de Silva became the Minister of Fisheries & Industries. They served as a key members of the Cabinet of SWRD Bandaranaike.

But the presence of the leftist VLSSP in the government irritated the rightist sections of SLFP, who maneuvered VLSSP out through a series of intrigues. MEP fell apart and the government was defeated. In 1959 VLSSP was disbanded and Gunawardena reorganized his party with the name Mahajana Eksath Peramuna. His new party was however not a Trotskyist formation.

VLSSP should not be confused with Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary), which was a later splinter group of LSSP.

title: Viplavakari Lanka Sama Samaja Party


text: Category:2003 meteorology

title: Category:2003 meteorology


text:
Way

Way or WAY may refer to:

Paths

 * a road, route, path or pathway, including long-distance paths
 * a straight rail or track on a machine tool (such as that on the bed of a lathe) on which part of the machine slides
 * Ways, large slipway in shipbuilding, the ramps down which a ship is pushed in order to be launched
 * Way (vessel), a ship's speed or momentum

Religion

 * "The Way", New Testament term for Christianity
 * Tao (Chinese: "The Way" 道), a philosophical concept (cf. Taoism)
 * Way, plural Wayob, spirit companions appearing in mythology and folklore of Maya peoples of the Yucatán Peninsula

Places

 * Lake Way, a dry lake in Western Australia
 * Way, Mississippi
 * Way, St Giles in the Wood, historic estate in St Giles in the Wood, Devon

Music

 * WAY-FM Network, a network of Christian music radio stations in the USA
 * WAY FM (Michigan), the tradename of a group of radio stations owned by Cornerstone University in Grand Rapids, Michigan
 * Ways (album), by Japanese rock band Show-Ya
 * "Ways", 1968 single by The Candymen
 * "Ways", 2018 song by Smokepurpp from Bless Yo Trap
 * "Ways", 2019 song by Third Eye Blind from Screamer

Other uses

 * Way (surname)
 * Way (machine tool element)

title: Way


text:
Talk:Noble M12

Dear savvy Wikipedians,

I have just unified this stub with Noble, together with another stub named Noble M14.

I propose that this stub and Noble M14 should be deleted.

--Millisits 20:31, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree that these pages should be deleted, although they may end up returning if more info about these two models is added. SamH 16:18, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Hi SamH,

Thanks for approval. Naturally, expanded articles could be independent entries in the future.

--Millisits 16:24, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Noble M12