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Pat Dugan

Patrick "Pat" Dugan is a superhero in the DC Comics Universe. The former adult sidekick to teenage superhero Sylvester Pemberton, the Star-Spangled Kid, Dugan is a gifted mechanic known for inventions such as the Star Rocket Racer. Originally called "Stripesy" while working with the Seven Soldiers of Victory and the All-Star Squadron before building a powered suit of armor dubbed S.T.R.I.P.E. (Special Tactics Robotic Integrated Power Enhancer). Dugan as Stripesy was created by Jerry Siegel and Hal Sherman and first appeared in Star Spangled Comics #1 (October 1941).

Pat Dugan appeared on The CW show Stargirl, played by Luke Wilson.

Fictional character biography
Patrick "Pat" Dugan was the chauffeur of young rich-kid Sylvester Pemberton. He got involved in superheroics after aiding Pemberton against enemy spies. The two team up as embodiments of the American flag, Sylvester as the Star-Spangled Kid and Pat as Stripesy, to track down and stop the spies.

When the Soldiers are lost in time during the late forties after battling the Nebula Man, they are rescued by the Justice League of America and returned to the present day. Batman, Hourman and Starman retrieve Stripesy from ancient Egypt. Upon his return, Dugan marries a woman named Maggie, who leaves him later to raise their son Michael on her own. Compounding his problems is the fact that Sylvester Pemberton's black sheep relative Arthur had stolen Dugan's patents during their disappearance. Upon hearing about this, Sylvester returns the patents to Pat, and the two reconcile. Dugan is later involved with Infinity, Inc. and their battle against the Injustice Society. The group's first victim is Sylvester Pemberton. The villains Harlequin, the Dummy, and Hazard focus their attention on Dugan just days later. Their plan is to kill him at Stellar Studios, the headquarters of Infinity, Inc. When Pat's son becomes involved, Hazard experiences a change of heart and uses her powers to save their lives. Dummy uses the two as bait, but Hazard throws the battle, and the group is defeated. Hazard willingly gives herself up to the police.

The character has been updated for a new audience: In the Stars and S.T.R.I.P.E. series Dugan had gotten married (for the second time) and settled in Blue Valley. His stepdaughter, Courtney Whitmore, became the second Star-Spangled Kid, partly to annoy him. This led Dugan to develop a robotic suit of power armor and assume the identity of S.T.R.I.P.E. so as to accompany and protect her.

Dugan has gone on missions without Courtney. During the Day of Judgement incident, he travels into space with Captain Marvel and Starfire. Their goal was to retrieve the Spear of Destiny to use against the fallen angel Asmodel, who had led a demonic invasion of Earth. The trio of heroes battle reanimated corpses of abandoned Russian cosmonauts and the corrupting influence of the Spear itself. Dugan is forced to subdue Starfire and the Spear is brought back to Earth and successfully used.

Following the events of the series, Dugan and his family moved to Metropolis, where he has assisted Superman's comrade Steel. Since then, they have moved back to Blue Valley. Dugan and his wife had a daughter, Patricia, who will one day become Starwoman and continue the Starman legacy (Patricia's existence was mentioned off-handedly in a Starman story arc before the character or even Courtney Whitmore were created).

Like the rest of the Seven Soldiers, Dugan is younger than he should be, owing to time travel. For a time, Dugan would become even younger, aged to pre-adolescence with many other heroes due to Klarion the Witch Boy. He joins in on at least one battle while armorless (presumably because his armor is now too big), tackling a mystically created monster with his bare hands. Pat, along with most everyone affected, turns back to normal when Klarion is blackmailed into reversing the effects.

Pat worked with the Justice Society of America for a short time, mostly in a supporting role. He retooled one of Ted Knight's old designs and created the Steel Eagle, a new aircraft for the team. He also completely re-engineered S.T.R.I.P.E., changing its entire appearance.

Later, Pat and his family were almost slain by The Fourth Reich, a Nazi organization who tried to wipe out heroic legacies. Right before this, Pat was encouraging his son, Mike, not to create S.T.R.I.P.E. parts in shop class. Pat and his family were saved by the Justice Society. Later, Pat hosted Courtney's birthday party at his house, inviting the whole Justice Society.

A while later, when Courtney was missing, Pat offered to Power Girl that he could get S.T.R.I.P.E. out and help find her, to which Power Girl stated was not necessary.

In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. Pat Dugan is the boyfriend of Barbara Whitmore. Courtney was cleaning out the office of Barbara Whitmore's boyfriend Pat Dugan when she found a staff, a belt, and a shirt with a star on it. While trying them on, she became Stargirl and caught the perpetrator of a fire she spotted. The heroic actions went viral. Courtney was informed by Pat that the person who originally wielded the equipment has died. Though Pat agreed to train her, Courtney had to respond to the criminal activity caused by Shadow Thief who was taking hostages to draw out a superhero.

In the "Watchmen" sequel "Doomsday Clock", S.T.R.I.P.E. returns alongside many other superheroes to the DC Universe when Doctor Manhattan, inspired by Superman, undoes the changes that he made to the timeline that erased the Justice Society and the Legion of Super-Heroes.

In the pages of "The New Golden Age", Pat took Courtney to Myrtle Beach at the time when the Seven Soldiers of Victory were reassembled by the Jill Carlyle version of Crimson Avenger. Pat operated S.T.R.I.P.E. when they were fighting Clock King. Pat would later mention to Courtney that Wing is buried in his grave when she brought up what Crimson Avenger said to her before being sent back to his own time. He mentions to Courtney that Cyclone and Jakeem Thunder are still her friends.

Powers and abilities
Pat Dugan has no superpowers, but is a gifted mechanic, having built Sylvester Pemberton's Star-Rocket Racer, the JSA's Steel Eagle. Being a superb hand-to-hand combatant he can take on anyone, even enemies bigger than him. Thanks to his power armor he can fly and has great physical strength and stamina.

Equipment
Pat also operated an armor suit named "S.T.R.I.P.E." equipped with a range of ballistic weapons and utilities, and that also gave him enhanced strength and flight ability. Its circuitry was vulnerable to water.

Other versions
In Kingdom Come, Alex Ross portrays Stripesy as a black adult, renamed "Stripes", and is equipped with various military accoutrements such as automatic weaponry, knives, and kevlar padding.

Television

 * Pat Dugan as S.T.R.I.P.E. appears in Justice League Unlimited, voiced by an uncredited Phil LaMarr. This version is a member of the Justice League.
 * Pat Dugan appears in Stargirl, portrayed by Luke Wilson. This version is largely based on his appearance in the Stars and S.T.R.I.P.E. comic, being a former member of the Seven Soldiers of Victory and Justice Society of America (JSA) as well as the sidekick of Sylvester Pemberton / Starman. When his stepdaughter Courtney Whitmore decides to become Stargirl, Dugan assists her in a mechanized battle suit he built years earlier, but never used until then. Despite his reluctance to become a superhero again, Courtney anoints him as her partner and changes his original codename, "Stripesy", to S.T.R.I.P.E. based on an acronym she coined for his armor. When the family moves to Blue Valley, he opens and runs a garage called the Pit Stop. Initially disliked by Courtney owing to her hoping that her birth father Sam Kurtis would return to her life, Dugan eventually wins her over after she learns of his past, devotion to his family, and brilliance in mechanical engineering; becoming a surrogate father figure and reluctant mentor to her and later her iteration of the JSA. While S.T.R.I.P.E. is primarily portrayed by CGI, Legacy Effects created a practical S.T.R.I.P.E. to be used during filming.
 * Ahead of the series premiere, S.T.R.I.P.E. appeared in the Arrowverse crossover Crisis on Infinite Earths via archive footage from the Stargirl episode "The Justice Society".

Film
An alternate universe incarnation of Pat Dugan appears in Justice League: Gods and Monsters, voiced by Dan Gilvezan. This version is a scientist and member of Lex Luthor's "Project Fair Play", a contingency program meant to destroy their universe's Justice League if necessary. After three of their number are killed, Dugan and the remaining scientists attempt to regroup, but are killed by the Metal Men.

Miscellaneous
Pat Dugan as S.T.R.I.P.E. appears in the Justice League Unlimited tie-in comic book.

title: Pat Dugan


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Nimrod (comics)

Nimrod is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in The Uncanny X-Men #191 (March 1985), and was created by writer Chris Claremont and artist John Romita Jr.

Hailing from the "Days of Future Past" timeline, Nimrod is a powerful, virtually indestructible descendant of the robotic mutant-hunting Sentinels. His name is derived from the biblical figure described in Genesis as a "mighty hunter".

Publication history
The character was created by writer Chris Claremont and artist John Romita Jr., and first appeared in X-Men #191 (March 1985). Nimrod made subsequent appearances in The Uncanny X-Men #193-194 (May–June 1985), #197 (September 1985), #208-209 (August–September 1986), #246-247 (July–August 1989), X-Force #35 (June 1994), Cable & Machine Man Annual #1 (Annual 1998), Mutant X #10 (July 1999), Weapon X: Days of Future Now #1 (September 2005), #4 (December 2005), New X-Men vol. 2 #22 (March 2006), #25-31 (June–December 2006), #36 (May 2007), New Warriors vol. 4 #3 (October 2007), X-Factor vol. 3 #23 (November 2007), X-Force vol. 3 #1-2 (April–May 2008), and Powers of X #1-3 (July–August 2019)

Nimrod received an entry in The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Deluxe Edition #9.

Fictional character biography
Nimrod is a mutant-hunting Sentinel from an alternative future and was created by the Sentinels ruling that timeline. When Rachel Summers travels backwards in time to the present, he follows Rachel. Although not capable of time travel by himself he was transported back in time by Doctor Strange and Magik using their powers to change time to prevent Kulan Gath's occupation of New York. Thus Nimrod saves the life of construction worker Jaime Rodriguez by slaying a mugger (Kulan Gath's destined host), who would have otherwise killed Rodriguez. In gratitude Rodriguez offers Nimrod a job and a home with his family, not realizing who or what the shape-shifting Sentinel truly is.

After gathering information about the timeline in which he finds himself, Nimrod eventually changes his prime directive from the extermination of all mutants, having determined that such widespread destruction is not necessary in this era, to only the extermination of mutants who were regarded as outlaws by the government, such as the X-Men. He fights the Juggernaut. He hunts Summers and the X-Men, but is defeated by Rogue when Rogue absorbs the mutant powers of Nightcrawler, Kitty Pryde and Colossus. Based on a plan that Kitty conceives before losing consciousness, Rogue uses Nightcrawler's teleportation to teleport part of Nimrod's body away, with Rogue's and Colossus's combined invulnerability protecting Rogue from the resulting physical strain in a manner that Nightcrawler could not have handled.

Some time after this, Nimrod garners a reputation with the public of New York City as a heroic vigilante, assuming he is simply a man in powered armor. He also adopts the more human personality Nicholas Hunter as part of a cover alias as a construction worker.

Nimrod later faces the combined forces of the X-Men and the Hellfire Club and proves himself as a powerful threat, killing Black Rook Friedrich Von Roehm, causing Harry Leland's fatal heart attack, nearly killing Nightcrawler and badly injuring Rogue and Sebastian Shaw.

When Nimrod comes across a piece of the gigantic Sentinel Master Mold while working on a construction site, his programming is immediately co-opted; Master Mold merges with Nimrod, using its systems to rebuild Nimrod in its own image. The X-Men are initially hard pressed to defeat the reborn Master Mold, but Nimrod comes to their aid, claiming he has evolved as well and no longer views them or mutants as a threat. Nimrod asserts enough control over Master Mold to render it immobile, and even convinces it that it has become a mutant as well. Thus, to fulfill its prime directive to exterminate mutants, it must self-destruct. The remains of both robots are pushed through the Siege Perilous, a mystical gateway that causes all who passed through it to be reborn with new bodies. Though the exact moment is unclear, Nimrod and Master Mold are merged into the being Bastion, a man who had absolutely no memory of his former existence.

In X-Force, a modern-day version of Nimrod appears. Created by an offshoot of Project Wideawake, this version is based on the technology derived from the Nimrod from the future. In truth, between the time of Nimrod's first arrival and its apparent destruction when it merged with the Master Mold and had traveled through the Siege Perilous, it had taken precautionary measures to ensure its survival. By downloading a self-awareness program into the base's military computer cybernet, the program served as a sleeper virus that awaited the opportunity to access a Sentinel development program so it could use it to re-create Nimrod itself. Nimrod's detection of the invading X-Force had caused it to act before it had originally intended to fulfill its imperative. It deactivates itself when Cable convinces Nimrod that its earlier creation in the timeline would cause a paradox and incalculable damage to the timestream.

Reverend William Stryker later found a damaged Nimrod as it enters the Marvel timeline from an alternate one. Immobilized, Stryker secretly uses Nimrod's memories of future events to give him the appearance of precognition to his followers and to help plan an attack on the X-Men and other mutants, but Nimrod alters its memories to facilitate its own escape, and Stryker is defeated. During the New X-Men story arc "Nimrod", it searches for Forge, whom it believes is its creator. Nimrod believes Forge can repair its damaged body, but Forge instead transfers Nimrod's programming into a new chassis which Forge can control. Believing Forge to be in danger, the New X-Men travel to his workshop to help him. This eventually leads to Nimrod gaining control over his body and attacking Forge and the New X-Men. Nimrod is defeated when Surge overloads Nimrod's temporal unit, blasting Nimrod out of the timestream. Nimrod survives and travels back in time to March 1985, where the events involving Jaime Rodriguez and Kulan Gath's amulet play out exactly as they had originally with its memory corrupted, resulting in its existence in the 'true' timeline — with Rachel's history erased — becoming a temporal paradox.

The series X-Force reveals that the Purifiers held on to most of Nimrod's original body and fuse it with Bastion's head to reform Bastion. He then, using the Technarch transmode virus, revives numerous villains that have destroyed many mutants.

During the events of Second Coming, Bastion personally confronts Hope Summers, Rogue and Nightcrawler, leading to the death of the latter. Bastion appears to be reverting more and more to fully being Nimrod. Some time later, Bastion unleashes an endless horde of Nimrods from an unknown future to destroy the X-Men. However, X-Force, Cypher and Cable go to that future and destroy the controlling Master Mold behind them. Ultimately, the original Nimrod (Bastion) takes his original form, but is destroyed by Hope. Nimrod's chest and head are later shown to be exhibited in X-Force Headquarters. Deathlok identifies it as version 32.1 and the possibility for its future to come to be is 1.34%.

During a brief glimpse three months into the future seen in Uncanny Avengers, Havok, Scarlet Witch and Sunfire are shown fleeing from a new model of Sentinel. Havok refers to the machines as Nimrod units.

Dawn of X
In this new X-Men timeline of Dawn of X, "Nimrod the Lesser" is seen 90 years in the future, along with "Nimrod the Greater" seen 990 years in the future. It was soon revealed that a human coalition of scientists and espionage agents from various secret agencies have joined forces to form Orchis, the ultimate mutant-fighting organization. Along with the former X-Man Omega Sentinel and built on the remains of Sol's Hammer, they have created the Orchis Forge solar orbiting space station which serves as a construction platform for the Mother Mold, a Master Mold capable of creating other Master Mold Sentinels. After intel provided by Moira MacTaggart suggests that this event is the probable origin of the Nimrod Sentinels, a team of X-Men invade the Orchis Forge and successfully decouple the giant Sentinel before it fully awakens, sending it plummeting into the sun.

Later on the Orchis Forge, it is discovered by Mystique during an infiltration mission that Director Killian Devo has completed work on an unknown component that Dr. Alia Gregor installs inside the torso of a Nimrod unit that is in the initial stages of construction.

At the behest of Xavier and Magneto, Mystique returns for a final desperate mission in the Orchis Forge to detonate a mini-black hole bomb designed by Forge capable of annihilating the entire station. Her mission coincides with Dr. Gregor preparing to resurrect her husband, Captain Erasmus Mendel, who was killed in the original Orchis raid, into the chassis of her newly constructed Sentinel prototype. The activation succeeds and the crystalline memory transfer is successful, but the Erasmus persona prototype immediately detects the disguised Mystique as a Mutant and sacrifices itself to save the Orchis base by teleporting into space with the bomb she has triggered, leaving two emotionless duplicates without Erasmus' memory core yet uploaded to subdue Mystique before she can escape the station, and to protect Dr. Gregor. Executing Mystique through the entrance of her Krakoa escape portal, the fearsome Sentinel announces his existence as "Nimrod, The Hunter" to the X-Men, who have failed once again in their attempt to destroy Orchis, vowing to hunt down and kill all Mutants.

Aware of Nimrod's creation by Orchis, Bishop, who refers to the prototype as "Nimrod 2.0", advises the X-Men, the Hellfire Club and X-Force about the formation of a highly specialized strike team that has experience fighting Nimrod Sentinels in the past and to create unorthodox weapons and strategies to deal with Orchis' new threat.

Having failed on all sixteen attempts to destroy the Orchis Forge, at the cost of numerous deaths and resurrections of nearly every X-Man involved in the attacks, Nimrod, who Dr. Alia Gregor laments is no longer carrying the Erasmus persona, has proven to be unstoppable. Moira MacTaggart warns Xavier and Magneto that it will only be a few short years before Nimrod evolves beyond Orchis' control.

Powers and Abilities
Nimrod is the most advanced form of Sentinel robot. Nimrod can convert his outward appearance to resemble that of an ordinary human being. Nimrod can also reconstruct himself so as to make improvements in his robotic form and internal systems that will make him a more formidable opponent. Even when smashed to pieces, Nimrod can reintegrate the portions of his body to become whole again. Apparently Nimrod's electronic consciousness can somehow exist independently of his physical body, at least temporarily. Physically Nimrod is categorized in the "Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe" as possessing "Class 100" strength because Nimrod could engage the Juggernaut in hand-to-hand combat.

Nimrod contains highly advanced computer systems as well as scanning devices that make it possible for him to determine whether a human being is a superhuman or not; if they are, he can determine the nature of their superhuman abilities. Like present day Sentinels, Nimrod can draw upon devices and systems within his robotic body to cope with or neutralize an opponent's superhuman power once he has determined the nature of that power.

Nimrod is capable of projecting energy blasts, magnetic energy to levitate material, create force fields, and can teleport. Nimrod has a weakness for elemental attacks such as lightning or extreme cold.

Behind the Scenes
Originally, X-Men author Chris Claremont intended to use the Captain Britain villain The Fury in the original story line, but Alan Moore had ownership of the Marvel UK character and the possibility of litigation caused Claremont to create the similar character of Nimrod instead.

Ultimate Marvel
The Ultimate Marvel reality featured Nimrod-esque Sentinels as a new type of Sentinels developed by the US government after the Ultimatum Wave. One such model chases and successfully takes down Rogue until rescued by Kitty Pryde. They are eventually infused with the brain-patterns of William Stryker, Jr. when manifesting mutant powers for the first time in years. The Nimrod Sentinels later build a base for their operations based for Master Mold.

Television

 * Nimrod appears in X-Men: The Animated Series. This version is an enforcer from Sentinel-dominated futures led by Master Mold. In the episodes "Days of Future Past" and "One Man's Worth", it time-travels to the past twice in order to maintain the Sentinels' dominance, but fights against the X-Men and is defeated by Bishop.
 * Nimrod makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in the X-Men: Evolution series finale "Ascension".
 * Nimrod makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in the X-Men '97 episode "Tolerance is Extinction" Pt. 1. As a techno-organic virus, it infected Richard Gilberti, the father of Bastion.

Film
Nimrod served as inspiration for the Mark-X Sentinels of X-Men: Days of Future Past. Hailing from a dystopian future where humanity and mutants are nearly extinct, the Mark-X Sentinels have the ability to alter their bodies to mimic and counter mutant abilities as well as reshape their arms into blades and emitters in their heads that can fire powerful energy beams.

Video games

 * Nimrod appears as a recurring boss in X-Men (1992).
 * Nimrod appears as a boss in X-Men: Gamesmaster's Legacy.
 * Nimrod and a Nimrod Series MK IV Sentinel appear in Marvel: Avengers Alliance.
 * Nimrod appears as a playable character in Marvel Contest of Champions.
 * Nimrod appears as a boss in The Uncanny X-Men - Days Of Future Past.
 * Nimrod appears as an alternate skin for a Sentinel in Marvel: Future Fight.
 * Nimrod appears in Marvel Snap.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nimrod (comics)


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Acadian (automobile)

Acadian is a model of automobile produced by General Motors of Canada from 1962 to 1971. The Acadian was introduced so Canadian Pontiac-Buick dealers would have a compact model to sell, since the Pontiac Tempest was unavailable in Canada. Plans originally called for the Acadian to be based on the Chevrolet Corvair, which was produced at GM's Oshawa plant; however, the concept was moved to the Chevy II platform to be introduced for 1962. The brand was also offered in Chile, with models built in Arica.

Acadian brand (1962–1971)
To promote automobile manufacturing in Canada, the APTA (also known as the "Auto Pact") in the 1960s had provisions prohibiting sales of certain United States-made cars. General Motors responded by offering certain makes of cars manufactured in Canada primarily for the Canadian market such as Acadian, and Beaumont, which started as an offering in the Acadian line, but later became its own brand in 1966. Initially, Acadians were retrimmed Chevy IIs, offered as a base model, mid-priced Invader and top-line Beaumont. The car used Pontiac styling cues, such as a split grille, but was marketed as a separate make, never as a Pontiac. As with the concurrent Chevy II, Acadians were offered with four-cylinder, six-cylinder, and V8 engines. No Mark IV (big block) Acadians were ever produced in any year, unlike the sister car Chevrolet Nova SS. The choice of transmission depended upon the model and engine installed, three- and four-speed manual gearboxes or the two-speed Powerglide automatic. During its early years, the top-line Beaumont offered more brightwork than the equivalent Chevy II Nova. For 1963, a new mid-range series Acadian was introduced as the Canso, priced in between the Beaumont and Invader. It was available as two- or four-door sedan.

For 1964 and 1965, the Beaumont name was moved to a retrimmed version of the intermediate Chevrolet Chevelle, while the Canso was moved upmarket to the top-line compact model, equivalent of the Nova. "Invader" became the series name for the base model. Data for the 1966 Acadian were: engines available were six-cylinder (194 cid, 8.5 compression ratio, 120 bhp rated), V8 (283 cid, 9.25 compression ratio, 195 bhp), or the L79 (327 cid, 11.00 compression ratio, 350 bhp rated), overall length of 15.25 feet (4.65 m); overall width of 5.94 ft (1.81 m); height of 4.48 ft (1.37 m); turning circle of 38.4 ft (11.7 m); front track of 4.73 ft (1.44 m), and rear track of 4.69 ft (1.43 m). Its fuel tank held 13.5 imperial gallons.

From 1966, Beaumont was designated as a separate make, without the Acadian name; 1966-67 Beaumonts continued to use the Chevrolet Chevelle body with minor styling revisions, including different taillights and a Pontiac-style split grille. The interior used the instrument panel from the American Pontiac Tempest/LeMans/GTO series. Drivetrains were the same as the contemporary Chevelle with the exception of the 396 with 375 rated bhp, as were model offerings. The one exception to Chevelle/Beaumont availability was a base-model Beaumont convertible. Such a model was never available in the Chevelle line in the USA, although it was in Canada. All Acadians and Beaumonts used Chevrolet engines and drivelines. The Beaumont was discontinued after 1969, after which Canadian dealers sold the Pontiac LeMans. The Acadian continued using the Chevy II/Nova body through mid-1971, after which it was replaced by the Pontiac Ventura II. GM would not market another Canadian-exclusive brand until the launch of Passport starting for the 1988 model year.

Sport Deluxe
During the muscle-car craze in the late 1960s, Chevrolet offered the Chevelle Super Sport and SS 396 models that featured high performance, bucket seats, and sport stripes. In Canada, Beaumont offered an equivalent model, the Sport Deluxe (SD). For 1966, the SD was combined with the Chevrolet 230 cid six- cylinder, 283 or 327 cid small-block V8, or 396 cid Mark IV big-block V8, along with the same optional bucket seats/console package as the Chevelle SS 396, along with unique trim and emblems. Up until approximately the start of December 1966 the Beaumont Sport Deluxe package was an option available on a Beaumont Custom, option A51. After the start of December 1966 the Sport Deluxe became a unique model, not just an option on a Custom. When the SD became a separate model, Strato bucket seats and the floor console became an option, whereas earlier the A51 option package included those items. Many collectors consider the Beaumont SD396 even more desirable than the Chevelle SS 396, since it is far more rare. Many Acadians and Beaumonts succumbed to rough Canadian winters, suffering from rust and mechanical wear and tear, leaving very few original specimens left, in addition to much lower production than equivalent Chevy models.

An equivalent Acadian, the Canso Sport Deluxe, was offered as similar package equivalent to the Chevy II Super Sport, which included the same Strato-bucket seats, console, and floor shift, along with unique SD trim and emblems. Top performance option for any Acadian including the Canso SD was Chevrolet's 350-bhp 327 cid L79 small-block V8 (in 1966 only), along with a three- or four-speed manual transmission.

During the late 1960s, the Beaumont was also available in Puerto Rico. A Beaumont Cafeteria actually was co-located with the local Beaumont dealer in San Juan.

Pontiac Acadian (1976–1987)
From 1976 to 1987, the Pontiac Acadian was a version of the Chevrolet Chevette sold by Canadian Pontiac-Buick dealers, initially identical to the Chevette except for badging, but picking up the distinctly "Pontiac" design cues of the U.S. market Pontiac T1000 after that model's 1981 introduction. As well, Canadian Pontiac dealers received the T1000 model (which was the name of the U.S. T-car) in 1981. In 1983, the car was simply renamed 1000, until its end in 1985 in Canada. So, for 5 years, Pontiac Canada had two versions of the T-car to sell: the Acadian, and the T1000 / or 1000. Canada lost the 1000 after 1985, but it carried on until 1987 in the U.S.

title: Acadian (automobile)


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File:Mail Call.DVD.The best of season 2.jpg

Fair use in Mail Call
Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because:
 * 1) It's a low resolution copy of a Film Poster / VHS or DVD Cover.
 * 2) It doesn't limit the copyright owner's rights to sell the film in any way, in fact, it may encourage sales.
 * 3) Because of the low resolution, copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the artwork/image.
 * 4) The image is itself a subject of discussion in the article or used in the infobox thereof.
 * 5) The image  is significant because it was used to promoted a notable film.

Source

 * 1) Derived from a digital capture (photo/scan) of the Film Poster/ VHS or DVD Cover (creator of this digital version is irrelevant as the copyright in all equivalent images is still held by the same party). Copyright held by the film company or the artist.  Claimed as fair use regardless.


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Modern pentathlon at the 2004 Summer Olympics

The modern pentathlon at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held from 26 to 27 August 2004, at the Olympic Modern Pentathlon Centre at the Goudi Olympic Complex. The men's and women's events each involved 32 athletes, an increase of eight from the previous games.

The Eastern European nations continued to dominate in the men's event as Andrey Moiseev won the gold medal, followed by Lithuania's Andrejus Zadneprovskis and Libor Capalini of the Czech Republic, who each obtained the silver and bronze medals, respectively. Zsuzsanna Vörös of Hungary, on the other hand, won the gold medal in the women's event, while Latvia's Jeļena Rubļevska, who finished eighth in Sydney, took the silver. Georgina Harland of Great Britain won the nation's third overall Olympic medal in the women's event, as she claimed the bronze.

Format
Modern pentathlon contained five events; pistol shooting, épée fencing, 200 m freestyle swimming, show jumping, and a 3 km cross-country run. They were held in that order, with each segment awarding points to competitors based on their performance in the segment. The points from each of the events were summed to give a final ranking; in addition, the running segment at the end of the day used a staggered start designed so that the order in which runners finished would be the same as their ranking by total points.

Qualification
Qualification for the modern pentathlon event was run by the International Modern Pentathlon Union (UIPM). 32 men and 32 women qualified, with a limit of 2 competitors per gender for each National Olympic Committee. As a minimum, men were required to have earned 5,100 points either on 1 June 2004 UIPM ranking list or at a continental qualifying competition. Women needed 4,800 points. The pentathlete must have also earned one of 30 qualifying places at a tournament or one of 2 invitational places.

Qualification tournaments were:
 * 2002 World Cup Final - first place
 * 2003 World Championships - top three places
 * 2003 World Cup Final - top two places
 * 2003-04 Continental championships:
 * Africa - first place
 * Asia - top two places
 * Oceania - first place
 * North America - first place
 * South America - first place
 * Europe - top three places
 * 2004 World Championships - top nine places
 * 2004 World Cups - top two places in each of the three competitions

In addition, the host nation was guaranteed at least one competitor in each gender if none qualified as above, and the Tripartite Commission allocated one invitational place. If more than one of the qualification places was won by a single competitor or more than two were won by a single NOC, the field was brought up to 32 competitors by selecting the highest-rated pentathlete on the UIPM ranking list of 1 June 2004.


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Sandy Hawkins

Sanderson "Sandy" Hawkins, formerly known as Sandy the Golden Boy, Sands, Sand and currently known as Sandman, is a character appearing in comics published by DC Comics. He was created by writer Mort Weisinger and artist Paul Norris, he first appeared in Adventure Comics #69. After being unutilized for several years, he was reintroduced by writers David S. Goyer and Geoff Johns in the comic JSA in the late 1990s and with a greatly expanded set of powers and responsibilities. He eventually took on the name of Sandman, succeeding his former mentor.

Golden Age
The character of Sandy the Golden Boy was created as a sidekick to the Sandman. Created by Mort Weisinger and Paul Norris, the nephew of The Sandman's girlfriend Dian Belmont, the character debuted as a tights-wearing youth (in the same vein as Robin the Boy Wonder) in Adventure Comics #69 (Dec 1941). This same issue also showcased a new yellow-and-purple costume for The Sandman.

Silver Age
The flourish of mystery-men comic books came to an end in the late 1940s. About ten years later, DC Comics reintroduced some of the mystery-men characters in new books, but reimagined them as super-heroes, characters such as Green Lantern and Hawkman. September 1961 saw the publication of "Flash of Two Worlds" in The Flash #123. This was the first new story using an original mystery-man character, namely, the Flash (Jay Garrick). The concept of an Earth-1 and Earth-2 began to be developed and soon other 1940s characters were being used in modern stories. Sandy the Golden Boy was reintroduced to the public by writer Len Wein in Justice League of America #113 in 1974.

Len Wein wrote of his inspiration in the compilation book Crisis on Multiple Earths Volume 3 (2004): "I had always been a fan of the Golden Age Sandman, and had always wondered why he'd been put back into his double-breasted Man of Mystery Gas-Mask outfit when he was revived, instead of the more traditional purple-and-yellow super-hero costume he'd worn in the latter days of the 1940s. This would make the perfect place to find out. Thus was born The Creature in the Velvet Cage".

In this story, it was revealed that, in the 1940s, Sandy had been transformed into a huge, sand-like creature when an experimental weapon Sandman was testing exploded. Wracked with guilt, Sandman stopped wearing the costume he'd worn as Sandy's partner and went back to his original outfit. The transformed Sandy had been kept in a glass cage for decades. In a later story (DC Comics Presents #47, July 1982), Sandy was finally turned back into his human self and found that he hadn't aged in all that time; physically, he was still a teenager.

The 1980s and 1990s
The 1980s saw writer Roy Thomas' World War II era series The All-Star Squadron (pre-Crisis) and the Young All-Stars (post-Crisis). Sandy was brought into the Squadron storyline during the Crisis crossover, beginning with issue #51 (Nov 1985). That book soon ceased printing and was replaced by the Young All-Stars (June 1987) where Sandy played a role in issues 2 through 8. This series states that Sandy is fourteen going on fifteen in the spring of 1942.

Also written by Roy Thomas, the one-issue special Last Days of the JSA published in 1986 depicts the departure of the JSA characters. Although taking place in the modern era (within weeks of the Crisis), Sandy is still depicted as a teenager wearing his World War II uniform of yellow-and-red. The story relates how he and other JSA members are taken into Ragnarok where they must fight forever. Published in 1992, the Armageddon Inferno miniseries written by John Ostrander takes the JSA members out of Ragnarok and brings them back to Earth, allowing writers to use them in future stories. Sandy is one of these characters.

The 1999 series JSA was preceded by a JSA Secret Files special. The special and the series reintroduced Sandy, but now as a young man calling himself Sand. This new and further development of the character was written by James Robinson and David S. Goyer. Issue 18 of the series, written by David Goyer and Geoff Johns, introduced retconned history for the character including his "killing" of Johnny Sorrow in 1944 (Sandy shot Sorrow's dimension-shifting equipment and the damage trapped Sorrow in another dimension). The JSA–JSA storyline has Sand time travel to 1951 and interact with The Sandman; writer Geoff Johns states the present-day age of the character as being "biologically 25", but his birth year is changed to 1926 (Roy Thomas had given the character an age of 14 in 1942 making the birth year 1928). The "Velvet Cage" story from the 1970s is also referenced and rewritten to an extent and the year of the silicoid accident is changed from 1947 to 1945. Issue #83 (2006) is part of the One Year Later of the DC comics line; in this issue written by Paul Levitz, Sand is no longer shown as a member of the JSA. Sand makes no more appearances in the series which ended with issue #87 (2006).

This book debuted in February 2007, written by Geoff Johns. The cover of this book shows the round table of the JSA surrounded by 17 heroes including Sanderson Hawkins, now wearing a black cape and fedora reminiscent of the original Sandman, but also gloves and a mask unlike any other incarnation of Sand or The Sandman- it appears to be a cross between the masks of Hawkins & Dodds, and mixed with designs borrowed from the Helm of Dream of the Endless. According to Geoff Johns' interview in Wizard #180 (October 2006) Sand would become the JSA's "Recon Man" doing more detective work in the process. He was brought in on issue #3, appearing in a cloud of smoke and speaking of nightmares, attributes more recognizable of Wesley Dodds than for Sanderson Hawkins. Issue #5 shows this version of Hawkins as more sober and serious than previous incarnations. For about a year the character was not used in the series, nor were his face and name shown in the JSA roll call found framing the main story pages. He was not seen again until issue #14 (2008) where Johns portrayed him as tormented by perverse and horror-filled nightmares. He was briefly freed of these dreams by the powerful Gog, as part of a series of gifts Gog gave to those who confronted him, but Sand came to reject this gift as he felt it made him a less effective investigator, discovering a dead child that he was sure he could have saved if he still had his dreams. When the JSA discovered that Gog was forming a parasitical bond to Earth that would make it impossible for him to leave without destroying the planet if he wasn't driven off now, Gog took back his gifts in a fit of pique.

In the "Watchmen" sequel "Doomsday Clock", Hawkins returns alongside many other superheroes to the DC Universe when Doctor Manhattan, inspired by Superman, undoes the changes that he made to the timeline that erased the Justice Society and the Legion of Super-Heroes.

The New Golden Age
In the pages of "The New Golden Age", Sandy's history of being Dian's nephew is still intact. Following the death of Wheeler Vanderlyle, Dian brings him to an almost-rebuilt Dodds Mansion where she introduces him to Wesley Dodds.

Powers and abilities
Like his mentor, Hawkins developed prophetic dreams. He later gained a silicon-based body that is elastic, highly durable, and able to transform into sand.

Equipment
Hawkins is proficient with many handgun-based weapons such as gas guns and wirepoon guns.

In other media

 * Sandy Hawkins / Sand makes non-speaking cameo appearances in Justice League Unlimited as a member of the Justice League.
 * Sandy Hawkins / Sand received an action figure in Mattel's Justice League Unlimited toyline.

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Category:Defectors

Defectors are, broadly, those that change sides. They may be those who:

 * leave a country for political reasons. In some cases they may share information about their country of origin with other nations or
 * abandon one army and join another

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Radical left

Radical left may refer to:

Political thought

 * Radical left-wing politics or far-left politics
 * The left part of radicalism, a political movement which shifted towards the centre during the 20th-century

Political parties and movements

 * In Cyprus
 * Committee for a Radical Left Rally (ERAS), a left-wing political party/organization
 * In Denmark
 * The Danish Social Liberal Party (Radikale Venstre, literally "Radical Left", est. 1905), a social-liberal party
 * In France
 * Radical Left (France), a liberal parliamentary group during the French Third Republic
 * Radical Party of the Left (Parti radical de gauche, PRG, est. 1972), a social-liberal party
 * Les Radicaux de gauche (litt. the "Left Radicals", LRDG), split of the PRG around MEP Virginie Rozière, est. 2017
 * In Greece
 * Syriza or Coalition of the Radical Left (est. 2004), a left-wing political party
 * Radical Left Front (Μέτωπο Ριζοσπαστικής Αριστεράς, , MERA, 1999–2009), a former alliance of left-wing political parties

title: Radical left


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Bruce Ames

Bruce Nathan Ames (born December 16, 1928) is an American biochemist who is a professor of biochemistry and Molecular Biology Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, and was a senior scientist at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI). Ames has made contributions to understanding the mechanisms of mutagenesis and DNA repair. He invented the Ames test, a widely used assay for easily and cheaply evaluating the mutagenicity of compounds. The test revolutionized the field of toxicology and has played a crucial role in identifying numerous environmental and industrial carcinogens.

Biography
Ames, raised in New York City, is a graduate of the Bronx High School of Science. His undergraduate studies were at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and his graduate studies were completed at the California Institute of Technology.

Ames was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1970. He is a recipient of the Bolton S. Corson Medal in 1980, Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement in 1985, the Japan Prize in 1997, the National Medal of Science in 1998 and the Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal in 2004, among many others.

Ames' research focuses on cancer and aging and he has authored over 550 scientific publications. He is among the few hundred most-cited scientists in all fields.

Ames' most recent research included identifying agents that delay the mitochondrial decay of aging, understanding the role of mitochondrial decay in aging, particularly in the brain, optimizing micronutrient intakes in the population to prevent disease, malnutrition, and obesity. He is also interested in mutagens as they relate to cancer prevention and aging.

Ames received more than $650,000 in support from the National Foundation for Cancer Research between 1998 and 2007.

He is married to Giovanna Ferro-Luzzi Ames, who was also a professor of biochemistry at the University of California, Berkeley.

Ames on synthetic carcinogens
In the 1970s, Ames developed the Ames test which is a cheap and convenient assay for mutagens and therefore potential carcinogens. Previous carcinogenic testing used live animals, and the procedures are expensive and time-consuming. This made animal testing impractical for use in screening on a wide scale, and reduced the number of compounds that could be tested. The Ames test on the other hand uses the bacteria Salmonella typhimurium to test for mutagens, and is considerably cheaper and faster. The Ames test became widely used as an initial screen for possible carcinogens and has been used to identify potential carcinogens previously used in commercial products. Their identification led to some of those formulations, such as chemicals used in hair dye, being withdrawn from commercial use. The ease with which Ames test allows widely used chemicals to be identified as possible carcinogens made him an early hero of environmentalism.

Subsequent work in Ames' lab involved looking at an overview of what was mutagenic or carcinogenic, and to what degree. Previously, scientists tended to only look for positive or negative results without considering the magnitude of the effect, which meant that as more and more items were shown to be potentially mutagenic, there was no system for evaluating the relative dangers. He also continued to test various natural and man-made compounds, and discovered that, despite what he and others had assumed, naturally occurring compounds were not turning out to be benign as compared to man-made ones. His continued work eventually led to his falling out of favor with many environmentalists. As natural chemicals turned out to also be frequently mutagenic, he argued that environmental exposure to manufactured chemicals may be of limited relevance to human cancer, even when such chemicals are mutagenic in an Ames test and carcinogenic in rodent assays. He contended that most human genetic damage arises from essential micronutrients lacking in poor diets and the oxidation of DNA during normal metabolism, and that the most important environmental carcinogens may include some whose chief effect is to cause the chronic division of stem cells whereby the normal protective mechanisms of a cell become less effective.

He argued against the banning of synthetic pesticides and other chemicals such as Alar which have been shown to be carcinogenic. Ames published results showing that many ordinary food products would be found carcinogenic according to the same criteria. Ames was concerned that overzealous attention to the relatively minor health effects of trace quantities of carcinogens may divert scarce financial resources away from major health risks, and cause public confusion about the relative importance of different hazards. Ames considered himself a leading “contrarian in the hysteria over tiny traces of chemicals that may or may not cause cancer", and said that "if you have thousands of hypothetical risks that you are supposed to pay attention to, that completely drives out the major risks you should be aware of."

Awards and honors

 * Eli Lilly Award of the American Chemical Society 1964
 * Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1970
 * Elected to National Academy of Sciences 1972
 * Rosenstiel Award 1975
 * Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 1980
 * Wadsworth Award 1981
 * Charles S. Mott Prize, GM Cancer Research Foundation 1983
 * IBM-Princess Takamatsu Cancer Res Fund Lectureship 1984
 * Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement 1985
 * Elected Foreign Member, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 1989
 * Gold Medal Award of the American Institute of Chemists 1991
 * Elected Fellow, Academy of Toxicological Sciences 1992
 * Elected Fellow, American Academy of Microbiology 1992
 * Glenn Foundation Award of the Gerontological Society of America 1992
 * Röntgen Prize of the Accademia Nazionale de Lincei (Italy) 1993
 * Messel Medal, British Society of Chemical Industry 1996
 * Society of Toxicology Public Communications Award 1996
 * Honda Prize 1996
 * Japan Prize 1997
 * Kehoe Award, American College of Occup. and Environ. Med 1997
 * Medal of the City of Paris 1998
 * U.S. National Medal of Science 1998
 * American Society for Microbiology Lifetime Achievement Award 2001
 * Linus Pauling Institute Prize for Health Research 2001
 * Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal, Genetics Society Am 2004
 * American Society for Nutrition/CRN M.S. Rose Award 2008
 * Orthomolecular Medicine Hall of Fame 2010
 * Society Of Toxicology Lifetime Achievement Award 2012
 * American Society of Nutrition Class of 2018 Fellows 2018

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Accles-Turrell

The Accles-Turrell was an English automobile built between 1899 and 1901 in Perry Bar, Birmingham, England and from 1901 to 1902 in Ashton-under-Lyne.

The company began in 1899 when the British pioneer motorist Charles McRobie Turrell, who had helped organise the 1896 London-Brighton Emancipation Run, joined Accles Ltd, a Birmingham engineering company. The car was a 3 hp two-seater light carriage equipped with a single-cylinder engine of Accles manufacture and a body by Arthur Mulliner of Northampton. The engine drove the rear wheels by a belt to the 3-speed gearbox and chain to the wheels. The top speed was claimed to be 20 mph.

In 1901 a larger four-seat 10/15 hp car was made and the rights to this "vibrationless, very simple, quiet and efficient" "New Turrell" car were acquired by Pollock Ltd. of Ashton-under-Lyne. The car had a flat twin 10/15 hp engine under the front seat driving the rear wheels through a two-speed constant mesh gearbox. The car was later made by the Autocar Construction Company and sold as the Hermes.

Accles and Pollock soon joined forces to become the tube-making company Accles & Pollock. The Accles & Pollock tube brand is currently owned by Tyco.

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Abomination (character)

The Abomination (Emil Blonsky) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Gil Kane, the character first appeared in Tales to Astonish #90 (April 1967). He is one of the main enemies of the superhero Hulk, and possesses powers similar to his after also being exposed to gamma rays.

Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books, the character has been featured in other Marvel-endorsed products such as arcade and video games, television series, and merchandise such as action figures and trading cards. Tim Roth portrays Emil Blonsky / Abomination in the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films The Incredible Hulk (2008) and Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021), as well as the Disney+ series She-Hulk: Attorney at Law (2022).

Publication history
Stan Lee chose the name "the Abomination", which he realized belonged to no other character, before conceiving the character's background and appearance. Lee recalled that he simply told the artist Gil Kane to "make him bigger and stronger than the Hulk and we'll have a lot of fun with him".

Emil Blonsky first appeared in Tales to Astonish, and was introduced as a KGB agent and spy who became the Abomination after deliberately exposing himself to a greater quantity of the same gamma radiation that transformed Bruce Banner into his alter ego the Hulk, using a machine Banner was planning on using to commit suicide. In his first appearance, Blonsky became a large scaly humanoid even stronger than the Hulk. In accordance with Lee's wishes, the character defeated the Hulk in their first battle.

The character has been featured in a number of Marvel titles, gradually shifting from unthinking, savage brute, to master schemer, to tortured soul, and finally repentant villain and occasional defender of the weak, before being killed in battle by the Red Hulk.

Fictional character biography
Emil Blonsky was born in Zagreb (then part of Yugoslavia, now the capital and largest city of Croatia) and became a KGB agent who infiltrated an Air Force Base in New Mexico where Dr. Bruce Banner was attempting to kill the Hulk through overexposure to gamma rays. Blonsky triggers Banner turning into the Hulk, subsequently becoming a hideous lizard-like creature himself.

The Abomination reappears when summoned by a coven of witches to briefly battle the cosmic hero the Silver Surfer and summons Thor (via an absent Stranger's technology) to aid him in escaping the Stranger's laboratory world. Thor frees the Abomination and the other captives, but, on discovering they are all evil, uses his mystic hammer Mjolnir to time travel several hours into the past to undo his mistake. After defeating the Abomination and placing the Abomination in prison, Thor departs. When the Hulk is defeated by the alien Xeron the Star Slayer and brought aboard a space vessel, the Abomination is revealed to be First Mate of the alien crew. When the captain of the vessel directs Xeron and the crew to battle a creature in space, the Hulk and the Abomination are thrown from the vessel and battle until the pair are drawn into Earth's orbit and separated.

It is revealed in flashback that the Abomination entered into a coma-like state upon impacting with Earth and is buried for two years. Revived by an off-course missile fired from Hulkbuster Base (under Ross's jurisdiction), the Abomination joins forces with General Ross to defeat the Hulk, but is battered into submission by an angered Hulk. The Abomination reappears with fellow Hulk foe the Rhino, and the pair activates a gamma bomb at the Hulkbuster base in an attempt to destroy the Hulk. The Hulk's companion of the time, Jim Wilson, deactivates the bomb and the Hulk tricks the villains during combat, forcing them to collide and knock each other unconscious. A comatose Abomination is eventually found by soldiers at Ross's direction and has a miniature bomb implanted in his skull, being told to fight and defeat the Hulk or be killed. The Abomination tricks the Hulk into an alliance and betrays Ross by attempting to ransom the captured Kennedy Space Center. The plan fails when the Hulk turns on the Abomination and the pair fight, with the Abomination being caught on a rocket when it explodes.

An illusion of the Abomination also appears with illusions of other Hulk foes when the Hulk (at the time possessing the intelligence of Banner, thanks to being made to a device called the Encephalo-Helmet) enters the brain of Colonel Glenn Talbot at microscopic size to excise a mental block placed in Talbot's mind by the Gremlin.

The Abomination eventually reappears as a servant of the alien entity the Galaxy Master, having been empowered with even greater strength. After another extended battle with the Hulk, the Hulk attacks and destroys the Galaxy Master, causing the Abomination to weaken and apparently become lost in space. When MODOK invades Hulkbuster Base, he colludes with General Ross to revive the Abomination, who was found in a block of ice above Earth and kept in cryogenic storage for further study. MODOK intends to use the Abomination against his superiors at A.I.M., while Ross wants to use him to destroy the Hulk. The Abomination, however, has become afraid of the Hulk as a result of their past battles and has to be mentally forced by MODOK to even fight the Hulk. MODOK, however, is ousted by A.I.M., and a hesitant Abomination is beaten by the Hulk when he intervenes to save Banner's laboratory assistant. The Abomination refuses to rejoin the fight, and is disintegrated by MODOK.

During the Secret Wars II storyline, the Abomination is restored by the demon-lord Mephisto, who directs the Abomination and other villains against the cosmic entity the Beyonder as a member of the Legion Accursed.

The restoration is temporary, as a still-disembodied Abomination's atoms mingle with the disembodied atoms of the villain Tyrannus, who reintegrates the Abomination's body and places it under his mind's control. Tyrannus, as the Abomination, then comes into conflict with the Gray Hulk, and quickly defeats the weaker version of their foe. When the Hulk reverts to Banner, Tyrannus forces him to create a procedure that will remove Blonsky's mind, who is mentally fighting Tyrannus' mind for control of the Abomination's body. The process is successful and Blonksy is restored to his human form, free of Tyrannus, whose mind is still occupying the form of the Abomination. An enraged Gray Hulk defeats Tyrannus, who is placed into custody by the organization S.H.I.E.L.D.

After encounters against Avengers Wonder Man and Hawkeye, the Tyrannus-controlled Abomination reappears during the "Atlantis Attacks" storyline with the Deviant Ghaur freeing Tyrannus from the body of the Abomination by restoring Tyrannus' mind to a duplicate of his own body and placing Blonsky's mind within the Abomination's body once more. The process drives Blonksy insane, and he battles heroes Spider-Man and the She-Hulk, managing to knock both unconscious. The Abomination is eventually driven off when set on fire by the She-Hulk. The Abomination's mental faculties eventually return and the Abomination reappears in the "Countdown" storyline as a pawn of another Hulk foe, the Leader. The Abomination is sent to a toxic waste site to collect samples and encounters the gray version of the Hulk again, who is outmatched and also weak due to being poisoned. The Hulk, however, throws the Abomination into toxic waste that partially dissolves and horribly scars the Abomination.

The Abomination temporarily teams with villains Titania and Gargantua and finds and stalks his former wife, Nadia (a famous ballet dancer). The Abomination captures her and after taking her into the New York City sewers, reveals his true identity. After a brief skirmish, the Hulk persuades the Abomination to free his wife.

The Abomination is also captured by the robot Sentinels, but is eventually freed by the X-Men.

After befriending a woman who finds her way into the sewers, the Abomination battles Namor the Sub-Mariner during an attempt to save his kidnapped former wife. The Abomination retaliates against the NYPD when the Police Commissioner orders the sewers be cleared of all homeless, who the Abomination has placed under his protection. After killing several police officers, he is eventually driven away when confronted by the Hulk. The Abomination battles the mutant Nate Grey (who is searching the sewers for his lover and fellow mutant Threnody, who had been one of the homeless followers of the Abomination), who uses his mental abilities to trick the Abomination in thinking that he defeated Grey. He battles a delusional Hulk before encountering the Angel when the mutant visits the sewers in which he was once captured and maimed during the "Fall of the Mutants" storyline.

When Betty Ross dies in the title Hulk, Banner mistakenly thinks her proximity to the Hulk has induced a fatal case of radiation poisoning. Using a gamma device, a vindictive General Ross tracks what he believes to be the Hulk to a destroyed town, where the Abomination reveals he was the true culprit. Despite baiting a newly arrived Hulk, the Abomination is unable to force the Hulk to fight and departs.

The circumstances of Betty's death are eventually revealed: Blonksy's transformation into the Abomination apparently alienates his former wife Nadia, driving his hatred of Banner; Blonsky, deciding to deprive Banner of Betty in return, secretly poisons her with his radioactive blood. After hearing the Abomination's admission, Banner eventually discovers the truth and the Hulk defeats the Abomination in combat. Taken into custody by the military, Blonsky is forced to watch old home movies of him and his wife together (prior to his transformation) as punishment. Operatives from a secret organization "Home Base" eventually release the Abomination to battle the Hulk, and although able to taunt the Hulk about Betty's murder, he is defeated once again. This encounter is later revealed to be a dream generated by longtime Doctor Strange foe Nightmare in an effort to torture the Hulk.

Blonsky had a humorous encounter with the demigod Hercules, in which he was chosen as an adversary for the hero while he completes the modern version of the 12 Labours of Hercules. The Abomination is also a conflicted opponent for the heroine the She-Hulk (currently employed by the spy organization S.H.I.E.L.D.). The Abomination has a subtle but significant role in the World War Hulk storyline, being the source of gamma-irradiated DNA that allows the creation of an anti-Hulk response team.

The Abomination reappears after the events of World War Hulk, encountering a new foe called the Red Hulk. This new opponent savagely beats, shoots, and kills the Abomination. Later on, it is revealed that the Abomination's killer, the Red Hulk, is actually General Ross's gamma-powered alter ego; he killed Blonsky as an act of revenge for his deliberate gamma poisoning (and later death) of Ross's daughter Betty.

During the "Dark Reign" storyline, the Abomination is among the dead characters present at Zeus's trial. Abomination reappears in the court of Pluto, attacking the Olympian god when he loses power over the dead.

During the "Chaos War" storyline, the Abomination is among the dead characters in the Underworld that Pluto liberated to help defend the Underworld from Amatsu-Mikaboshi. The Abomination fights the Hulk and his allies until Marlo Chandler taps into the Death essence within her to destroy his undead body.

A shadow organization (later revealed to be the Order of the Shield) bent on gaining control of the Hulk harvests biological material from a mortally wounded Bruce Banner. After Banner regains consciousness following the experiment and escapes as the Hulk, the organization uses this material to resurrect the Abomination under their control, leaving him "free of a mind or a conscience" and with an ability to seek out Banner/the Hulk for retrieval. The Hulk defeats the Abomination yet again with the aid of the Avengers. Iron Man uses technology taken from the Order of the Shield agents to teleport the Abomination into interplanetary space estimated to be "somewhere in the vicinity of Jupiter".

Tissue samples of the Abomination were later used by the U.S. Hulk Operations to graft to the corpse of Rick Jones that revives him as an Abomination/A-Bomb-like creature that Dr. Charlene McGowan calls Subject B. After ripping Rick Jones from Subject B's body in a brutal battle, Hulk Operations Commanding Officer General Reginald Fortean teleports to Gamma Flight Headquarters in space, killing Sasquatch and temporarily killing Doctor Samson to retrieve the Subject B husk. Fortean then willingly fuses himself with the body.

After returning to Earth, Abomination started his own company called Green Spring which makes gamma mutates. After finding a depowered Skaar, Abomination had him repowered and sent him to retrieve Stockpile. After Skaar's mission led to his encounter with Gamma Flight and the U.S. Hulkbuster Force, Abomination and Dr. Aliana Alba were shown to have watched the fight and commented on the powers of the gamma mutates that was shown off.

During the "Devil's Reign" storyline, Abomination appears as a member of the Thunderbolts and shows up to stop Jessica Jones and the Champions from interfering in the Thunderbolts' apprehension of most of the Purple Children. As Jessica notes that Abomination would not normally be someone to work for Mayor Wilson Fisk, Abomination states that Mayor Fisk has the information that he seeks. The recruitment of Abomination was the result of Rhino leaving the group as he crossed the line of hunting children.

Powers and abilities
The Abomination is similar to the Hulk in terms of strength, stamina, speed, and durability, including his healing factor. In contrast with the Hulk, he retains his intellect after transforming and cannot change back into human form. He also possesses gills, enabling him to breathe underwater. Due to extreme pain, cold, or bereft of oxygen, he could enter into suspended animation for long periods. Initially, the Abomination is twice as strong as the Hulk, but unlike the Hulk, his strength does not increase/decrease in proportion to level of rage, with result that the Hulk is able to gain an advantage over the Abomination if the fight takes a sufficient amount of time for him to unleash his anger.

After being empowered by Amatsu-Mikaboshi, an undead Abomination is considerably larger than before. Formerly, he could project hellfire and was strong enough to rip an armored shell off of his successor A-Bomb (something that even the Red Hulk had previously been unable to do). After his second resurrection by this Illuminati-dubbed Order of the Shield, a cloned Abomination gains more augmentation through Banner's biological grafts. Currently, he has the ability to track down the Hulk anywhere at will. Another feature for him is also to manipulate his own gamma ray output in such a way that he can make it toxic and overwhelm the most resilient of individuals, including energy absorbers such as the Hulk, Captain Marvel, and Sunspot.

Critical reception
IGN ranked Abomination 54th in their "Top 100 Comic Book Villains" list, writing, "When you have a character built up to be as incredibly (forgive the term) strong as the Hulk, it becomes nearly impossible to give him a credible threat. Enter the Abomination - created, for all intents and purposes, as the evil version of the Hulk," and ranked him 24th in their "Top 25 Marvel Villains" list. Screen Rant included Abomination in their "15 Most Powerful She-Hulk Villains" list, and in their "10 Most Powerful Wonder Man Villains In Marvel Comics" list, and ranked him 3rd in their "Hulk's Main Comic Book Villains, Ranked Lamest To Coolest" list, 4th in their "10 Most Powerful Hulk Villains In Marvel Comics" list. CBR.com ranked Abomination 2nd in their " Definitive Ranking Of The Hulk's 20 Most Powerful Enemies" list, 3rd in their "Hulk's 10 Most Powerful Villains" list, 6th in their "10 Most Violent Marvel Villains" list, and 19th in their "Marvel's 20 Strongest Villains" list.

Abominatrix
The Abominatrix is a female version of Abomination whose real name is Florence Sharples, the manager at Jasper Keaton's savings and loans company. She became the Abominatrix due to a failed medical experiment done by Jasper Keaton's medical facility and fought the She-Hulk.

Teen Abomination
The Teen Abomination is a 13-year-old boy who was exposed to gamma radiation and became a teenage version of the Abomination.

Reginald Fortean
During The Immortal Hulk run by Al Ewing and Ryan Bodenheim, Desert Base Director Reginald Fortean accidentally turned himself into another version of the Abomination when he came in contact with the gamma activated tissue husk/armor of Subject B which was previously used on the decreased Rick Jones.

Abomination Deathlok
On Earth-11045, a variant of Emil Blonsky molded with Deathlok technology appears as Abomination Deathlok as a member of Kang the Conqueror's Chronos Corps.

Abominations
The character also stars in the limited series Abominations, which continues plot points from the Future Imperfect storyline. A group of time-travelling assassins from the time of the villain the Maestro—sent by an alternate version of the Abomination called "Emil"—arrive in the present, intent on killing Betty-6, a futuristic version of Betty Ross who is pregnant with the Maestro's child. The Abomination provides shelter for Betty-6 and prevents the assassination.

JLA/Avengers
During JLA/Avengers, the Abomination is among the villains enthralled by Krona to defend his stronghold, but is defeated by Superman.

Mutant X
In the Mutant X universe, the Abomination appears as a part of a group that opposed the Beyonder and died after.

Marvel Zombies
A zombified Abomination appears in Marvel Zombies: Dead Days. Thor kills him by destroying his head with Mjolnir during the battle between the surviving heroes and the zombie horde.

Old Man Logan
During the "Old Man Logan" storyline which detailed a possible future where the villains rose to power and most of the villains were killed, Abomination was mentioned to have ruled the West Coast of the United States before being overthrown by Hulk and the Hulk Gang.

Abomination was seen in the pages of Old Man Hawkeye (which took place before the original "Old Man Logan" storyline) where he was among the villains that took part in killing the Avengers members that were with Hawkeye.

Ultimate Marvel
The Ultimate Marvel equivalent of the Abomination appears as part of an international group. This version is a Chinese scientist named Dr. Chang Lam. Dr. Lam was working to create a more efficient version of the Hulk. When he believed his research was complete, he used the formula on himself. When he transformed into a dinosaur-like giant, he retained control of his permanently enhanced form because of his lack of mental disorders, serving with the Liberators. He battled with the Hulk, believing that his intact intellect would allow him to easily beat him, but ended up ultimately being killed in the duel.

The Ultimate Marvel iteration of Emil Blonsky (under "the Abomination" codename) is part of Nick Fury's Howling Commandos team and has the ability to Hulk out.

Television

 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears in The Incredible Hulk (1996), voiced by Kevin Schon in the pilot episode "Return of the Beast" and subsequently by Richard Moll. This version serves the Leader as one of his prime Gamma Warriors alongside the Gargoyle.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears in The Super Hero Squad Show, voiced by Steve Blum. This version is a member of Doctor Doom's Lethal Legion and serves as comic relief alongside MODOK.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes, voiced by Robin Atkin Downes. Introduced in the episode "This Monster, This Hero", he is initially incarcerated in the Cube. until a sudden power failure allows the prisoners to escape in "Breakout, Part 1". He briefly engages the Hulk until the latter retreats to get Doc Samson medical attention, enabling the Abomination, the Leader, and the Absorbing Man to gain control of the Cube. In the two-part episode "Gamma World", the Abomination assists the Leader in a plot to turn everyone in the world into gamma monsters. However, the Avengers foil them, with the Hulk throwing the Abomination into a nearby desert. The latter is later approached by and recruited into the Masters of Evil. Throughout the episodes "Masters of Evil", "This Hostage Earth", and "Acts of Vengeance", the Abomination works with them until they are eventually captured by the Avengers and incarcerated in Prison 42.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears in Lego Marvel Super Heroes: Maximum Overload, voiced again by Robin Atkin Downes.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears in Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H., voiced again by Robin Atkin Downes. Throughout his appearances, he has served as a member of the Leader's "Agents of C.R.A.S.H." and warden of a section of the Vault until he is depowered by the Ghost Rider.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears in Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers, voiced by Masaya Takatsuka in the Japanese version and again by Robin Atkin Downes in the English dub. This version is a member of the Masters of Evil.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears in the Ultimate Spider-Man episode "Contest of Champions" [Pt. 1], voiced again by Robin Atkin Downes.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears in the Avengers Assemble episode "Seeing Double".

Film
The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears in Iron Man & Hulk: Heroes United, voiced again by Robin Atkin Downes.

Marvel Cinematic Universe

The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears in media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), portrayed by Tim Roth, who also voices and provides motion capture for the Abomination.
 * Introduced in the film The Incredible Hulk (2008), this version is a Russian-born British Royal Marine on loan to General Thaddeus Ross's Hulkbuster Unit. Wanting to relive his glory days, Blonsky volunteers to be injected with a sample of an imperfect super soldier serum. While it increases his physical capabilities to superhuman levels, it leaves Blonsky power-hungry and eventually drives him to seek out Dr. Samuel Sterns and be injected with some of Bruce Banner's blood. Blonsky is mutated into a monstrous "abomination", according to Sterns, and runs amok, destroying Harlem before he is defeated by the Hulk and handed over to General Ross.
 * Blonsky appears in the Marvel One-Shot short film The Consultant via archive footage. S.H.I.E.L.D. agents Phil Coulson and Jasper Sitwell meet to discuss their director, Nick Fury, disagreeing with the World Security Council's attempts to exonerate Blonsky and put him on the Avengers Initiative and formulate a plan to help Fury. At Sitwell's urging, Coulson reluctantly sends in Tony Stark to sabotage the meeting with General Ross, as partially shown in The Incredible Hulk's post-credits scene.
 * During an interview in December 2014, Roth revealed that he was offered to reprise his role in the film Avengers: Age of Ultron, but plans fell through during pre-production.
 * Roth provides uncredited vocals for Blonsky in the film Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings. As of this film, the Abomination has mutated further, now possessing paler, scaly skin, gills, and webbed ears. As part of his training to become the Sorcerer Supreme, Wong kidnaps Blonsky so they can compete in an underground fight club in Macau. After their fight, he leaves with Wong via a portal and willingly returns to his cell despite being offered freedom.
 * Blonsky appears in the Disney+ series She-Hulk: Attorney at Law. In the years since his imprisonment, Blonsky has gained control of his Abomination form, decided to atone for his past actions, and opened a self-healing support group called Abomaste, making him eligible for parole. Throughout the episodes "Superhuman Law" and "The People vs. Emil Blonsky", he becomes a client and friend of Jennifer Walters, who agrees to defend him in court after hearing his plea and receiving Banner's blessing. Despite footage of his fight with Wong being leaked, Blonsky is successfully paroled on the condition that he wear an inhibitor to negate his transformations. As of the episode "The Retreat", he has opened a spiritual retreat called Summer Twilights and offers Walters support. In the episode "Whose Show Is This?", Blonsky violates his parole to attend an Intelligencia event as a motivational speaker in his Abomination form. He is arrested and returned to prison, but Wong breaks him out once more and brings him to Kamar-Taj.
 * A zombie version of Abomination will appear in the animated series Marvel Zombies.

Video games

 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears as a boss in The Incredible Hulk (1994).
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears as the final boss of and an unlockable playable character in The Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction, voiced by Ron Perlman. This version is an NSA director and head of the Division branch who seeks to use Bruce Banner's research to cure his wife Nadia's ovarian cancer. However, he is infected with a vial of Banner's DNA and exposed to gamma radiation, which slowly transforms him into the Abomination throughout the game. When his wife dies, the Abomination blames Bruce for it due to his research and heads for a nearby dam with the intention of destroying it, but is foiled. Refusing to give up, the Abomination smashes the dam apart and disappears in the oncoming flood.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears as the final boss of and an alternate skin for the Hulk in The Incredible Hulk (2008) film tie-in game, with Tim Roth voicing Blonsky while his Abomination form is primarily voiced by Jon Curry, with Jeffrey Parker providing additional sound effects.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears as a boss and an unlockable playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad, voiced again by Steve Blum.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears as a boss in Marvel Super Hero Squad: The Infinity Gauntlet, voiced again by Steve Blum. Additionally, he is available as an unlockable playable character through the PS3 and Xbox 360 exclusive DLC "Doom on the Loose".
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears as a boss and an unlockable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online, voiced again by Steve Blum.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears as a boss in Marvel Super Hero Squad: Comic Combat, voiced again by Steve Blum.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears as a boss in Avengers Initiative, voiced again by Steve Blum.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears as a boss and an unlockable playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes, voiced again by Steve Blum.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears as an unlockable playable character in Lego Marvel's Avengers.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears as a playable character in Marvel: Future Fight.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears in Marvel Snap.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears as a boss in Marvel's Avengers, voiced by Jamieson Price. This version is a former Special Forces operative who was mutated into the Abomination by A.I.M. in an attempt to replicate the Hulk's powers, began assisting the group in operations, and eventually became one of their top operatives. Additionally, several clones of him appear in side missions.

Merchandise

 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination received a figure in Toy Biz's Hulk Classics line.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination received a figure in the Marvel Legends line.
 * The MCU incarnation of Emil Blonsky / Abomination received a figure in May 2008.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination appears in Heroscape's Marvel Comics expansion.
 * The Emil Blonsky incarnation of the Abomination received a figure in the Marvel Select line.

title: Abomination (character)


text:
Starjammers

The Starjammers are a fictional team of space pirates appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Starjammers have often appeared in pages of the X-Men comic books. The Starjammers first appeared in X-Men #104 (April 1977) and were created by Dave Cockrum. The name "Starjammers" was created on the basis of the type of sailing ship known as "Windjammer".

Concept and creation
Dave Cockrum created the Starjammers with the intent of having them star in their own series. However, when he submitted the concept for Marvel's two try-out series, Marvel Spotlight and Marvel Premiere, he was repeatedly informed that these series were booked for two years solid. Cockrum showed the Starjammers to X-Men writer Chris Claremont and convinced him to use the characters for this series. In order to provide a plausible excuse for the Starjammers to make repeat appearances in X-Men, they decided to make Corsair, the leader of the Starjammers, be the father of Cyclops, the leader of the X-Men.

Origin
The story of the Starjammers began with Christopher Summers, a military pilot returning with his family from a trip to Alaska. Without warning their plane was attacked. Chris's wife, Katherine, strapped their two sons (Scott Summers and Alexander Summers, who later became the X-Men Cyclops and Havok) to their only parachute and pushed them out of the plane, saving their lives. The husband and wife were then teleported from their plane to the ship of an advanced alien race called the Shi'ar. This had been a zoological scouting mission to bring in a human specimen. They were brought before D'Ken, the then ruler of the Shi'ar Empire, who was immediately smitten with Katherine, making her his concubine and sending her husband to the slave pits. Eventually, Christopher escaped and reached D'Ken's private quarters to try to assassinate him. However, he was caught and punished by having his wife murdered before his eyes, and his unborn son cut out of her womb. His spirit broken, he was sent to a mining camp on another planet.

Formation of the team
While working in the mining camp, Christopher witnessed the guards mercilessly beating a feline-like female. He stepped in, trying to get them to stop, but was then beaten himself. The woman was taken to the holding cells and Christopher huddled up in a corner, ashamed of himself. A little while later, Raza and Ch'od passed by and asked Christopher for the whereabouts of their comrade Hepzibah. Christopher was too afraid to answer. After they had left, he felt guilty and went to the guards' quarters, starting a fight after killing one of them. Raza and Ch'od jumped in, and together they got past the guards, freed the cat-woman, and sneaked on board a Shi'ar starship. Christopher used his pilot call-sign, Corsair. Naming Christopher their captain, they became the Starjammers, a group of space pirates rebelling against D'Ken's tyranny.

Further adventures
The Starjammers have had many adventures across the universe, many of them on Earth with the X-Men, during which Christopher Summers finally met his long lost sons, now X-Men. At times, the group ran with Professor X and even his consort, the Shi'ar ruler, Lilandra. The group participated in the defeat of the cosmic threat Magus, assisted by Professor X and the New Mutants. When the Skrulls made an incursion into Shi'ar territory, the Starjammers were overwhelmed, kidnapped and duplicated. They were later rescued from their imprisonment by the X-Men.

The Hulk and Silver Surfer recruited the Starjammers to assist in a raid on Troyjan held space, to rescue several friends of the Hulk. A violent fight broke out, with the Starjammers slaying several enemies. It was ended with an alien bureaucrat offered the option of the Starjammers and allies simply asking to see the person they wished to confront. The group was also temporary allies of the Avengers. For some time, they were prisoners of the Collector, a cosmic being interested in preserving unique specimens of life. They became trapped in a conflict between the Collector, Galactus and the well-meaning but dangerous efforts of Wolverine of the X-Men.

A recent Starjammers series introduced a new member of the Starjammers. Although some readers believed it was out of Marvel Universe continuity, the events of the series were referenced in a recent entry in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe series, confirming its canonical status.

The Rise and Fall of the Shi'ar Empire
The Starjammers figured significantly in the Uncanny X-Men story arc "The Rise and Fall of the Shi'ar Empire", a 12-issue story arc following on the events of X-Men: Deadly Genesis.

Within this story arc, the long-lost third son of Corsair, Gabriel Summers, now the powerful mutant known as Vulcan, travels from Earth to Shi'ar space seeking revenge against the mad emperor D'Ken and the Shi'ar empire for the death of his mother and his own mistreatment by the Shi'ar. Through the course of the story, Vulcan allies himself with Deathbird to depose her brother the emperor, but later seems to side himself with D'Ken against the X-Men and the Starjammers, who seek to stop his plans for revenge. Vulcan soon turns on and kills D'Ken, and by marrying his ally (and sister of D'Ken) Deathbird, assumes the throne of the Shi'ar empire himself. In the course of the finale, Corsair, Vulcan's father, is seemingly killed. Hepzibah is returned to Earth with the X-Men, while Havok, Polaris and Marvel Girl remain behind. Havok decides to assume his father's position as leader of the Starjammers. Polaris opts to stay with him. Marvel Girl remains behind as well, having developed an intimate relationship with Korvus, a Shi'ar warrior whose ancestor was once a host of the Phoenix force (like Marvel Girl); his giant sword allows him to access the force to a degree as well. The Starjammers' new mission is to defeat Havok's brother and return Lilandra to the throne of the Sh'iar Empire.

Hepzibah expresses no wish to return to the Starjammers following Corsair's death, and has decided to stay on Earth and become an X-Man. The Starjammers are now: Havok, Polaris, Ch'od, Marvel Girl, Raza, Korvus, Sikorsky, and Cr'eee.

X-Men: Emperor Vulcan
The further adventures of the Starjammers are continued in the series: X-Men: Emperor Vulcan, this miniseries (5 issues) is written by Chris Yost and pencilled by Paco Diaz. Havok and the Starjammers attack Shi'ar space. Vulcan appears with an armada to kill them, and a new alien race gets involved. The new race's name translates to "Death to the Shi'ar", and they destroyed the Shi'ar flagship. In the aftermath of the miniseries, most of the Starjammers were captured and subsequently imprisoned by Vulcan. Lilandra, Korvus, and Rachel Summers escaped and remain free.

X-Men: Kingbreaker and War of Kings
Marvel has announced that the Starjammers will play a large role in the upcoming sequel to Emperor Vulcan called X-Men: Kingbreaker. They will also be seen prominently in the War of Kings storyline, which also features Vulcan, the Inhumans, Nova, and the Guardians of the Galaxy.

Poison X
When Chris was talking to Cyclops from the past, the Starjammers are attacked by mercenaries with symbiotes. The mercenaries wanted them so they could go to steal with the help of their navigator. The X-Men Blue team, with the help of a reluctant Venom, went to space so they could save the Starjammers. When the symbiotes bonded with the Starjammers, the X-Men went to the mercenaries' ship and Cyclops freed the team. While the symbiotes were battling amongst themselves, the Poisons arrived, consumed the mercenaries, and began attacking the X-Men since they themselves were now bonded to symbiotes. They survived and after escaping the Poisons and the X-Men gave their symbiotes to the Starjammers to return them to Klyntar.

Death of Thanos
In the aftermath of the "Infinity Wars" storyline, the Starjammers were present at Thanos' funeral. Starfox shows all the guests a recording of Thanos stating that he uploaded his consciousness in a new body before his death. The funeral is attacked by the Black Order, who steals Thanos's body and rip open a black hole in space, sending everyone into the rip. Though Silver Surfer was able to rescue the Starjammers with the cost of his own wellbeing, everyone else were still trapped. Everyone is saved by the arrival of Gladiator and the Shi'ar Empire.

Membership
Characters marked in bold lettering are current members of the Starjammers.

 * Binary: Carol Danvers. A human/Kree hybrid who controls vast amounts of cosmic energy, has super strength, flight, and the ability to survive unaided in space. Now Captain Marvel, she is currently a member of the Avengers.
 * Corsair: Leader, father of the X-Men Cyclops and Havok, as well as the villain Vulcan. He was the lover of fellow Starjammer Hepzibah until his death, but since his return has rekindled his romance with her.
 * Ch'od: Large reptilian creature, a member of the Saurid race.
 * Cr'eee: A white, furry companion for Ch'od which only he can understand.
 * Cyclops: Scott Summers, member of time-displaced original X-Men, fires optic blasts; joined Starjammers to bond with his father.
 * Havok: Alexander Summers, former interim leader/captain, former X-Man, fires plasma blasts.
 * Hepzibah: Corsair's lover until his death. A member of the Mephitisoid race; her true name is nearly unpronounceable to humans. She left the Starjammers after Corsair's death, joining the X-Men and later X-Force. She had Corsair resurrected by The Shrouded and rejoined the Starjammers to be with him.
 * Keeyah: A Kree who formerly acted as pilot.
 * Korvus: Descendant of a Shi'ar host for the Phoenix Force.
 * Raza Longknife: The last surviving member of an unknown race exterminated by the Shi'ar Emperor D'Ken.
 * Marvel Girl: Rachel Summers, former member of the X-Men and Excalibur; telepath/telekinetic, has been a host for the Phoenix Force.
 * Lilandra Neramani: Former Empress of the Shi'ar Empire. Killed by Darkhawk (who was controlled by Razor) in War of Kings.
 * Polaris: Lorna Dane, the lime-haired former X-Men member with the mutant power of magnetism.
 * Professor X: Founder of the X-Men; telepath. Briefly a member after the events of Uncanny X-Men #200.
 * Sikorsky: Insect-like robot, expert-physician.
 * Tolo Hawk: Former cadet in the Union Defense Corps.
 * Waldo: The artificial intelligence of the Starjammers' ship, destroyed beyond repair.

Age of Apocalypse
In this reality, the formation of the Starjammers is essentially the same as in the main reality. They consisted of slaves that broke free during the reign of Emperor D'Ken. They included Earthman Christopher Summers, Ch'od, Hepzibah, and Raza Longknife. Early on in their time together, Chris was infected with a Brood embryo and would return to Earth leaving the Starjammers without a leader; however, the circumstances behind this would be unrevealed.

The Starjammers would eventually find someone who could lead them in the form of Deathbird, the former ruler of the Shi'ar Empire, who had been removed from the throne by her evil brother D'Ken. When the X-Ternals arrived in the Shi'ar galaxy, they were saved by the Starjammers from the crystallization wave caused by the destabilized M'Kraan Crystal.

The group took the X-Ternals to the planet where the Crystal was kept so that they could collect a shard of it to save the universe. Only Deathbird would accompany the X-Ternals to the planets surface where their mission would be a success. It would also see D'Ken left in a paralyzed state, trapped within the crystal.

Mutant X
In this reality, the Starjammers consist of Cyclops, Binary, Lockheed, Nova, and Silver Surfer.

Television
The Starjammers appeared in the X-Men episodes "The Phoenix Saga" and "Orphan's End".

title: Starjammers


text:
Ace (1913 automobile)

The Ace was a British car built between 1912 and 1916 in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire. It was an 8 hp light car, with a 748 cc, four-cylinder water-cooled monobloc engine with Stethnos carburettor, it had a 2-speed gearbox and chain-drive built by the same manufacturer as the Salmon and Baguley cars, and sold for £100 to £125.

Technical data
Suspension was by ½-elliptic springs front and rear.
 * 56 mm x 76 mm bore and stroke
 * Kerb weight: 380 kg
 * Wheelbase: 2135 mm
 * Track: 1143 mm
 * Length: 3200 mm
 * Width: 1270 mm
 * Tyre size: 700 x 65

title: Ace (1913 automobile)


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Shelter (charity)

Shelter is a registered charity that campaigns for tenant rights in Great Britain. It gives advice, information and advocacy to people and lobbies government and local authorities for new laws and policies. It works in partnership with Shelter Cymru in Wales and the Housing Rights Service in Northern Ireland. The charity was founded in 1966 and raised 48.2 million pounds in 2020/21.

Shelter helps people in housing need by providing advice and practical assistance, and campaigns for better investment in housing and for laws and policies to improve the lives of homeless and badly housed people.

History
Shelter was launched on 1 December 1966, evolving out of the work on behalf of homeless people then being carried on in Notting Hill in London. The launch of Shelter hugely benefited from the coincidental screening, in November 1966, of the BBC television play Cathy Come Home ten days before Shelter's launch. It was written by Jeremy Sandford and directed by Ken Loach – and highlighted the plight of the homeless in Britain. Shelter was set up by the Rev Bruce Kenrick after forming the Notting Hill Housing Trust in 1963. The social campaigner Des Wilson, having seen Cathy Come Home, became pivotal in the development of Shelter.

In 2008, Shelter saw strike action by its staff in response to changes being made to their terms and conditions. Another dispute, this time over pay, occurred in 2022 prompting a two-week strike

Financial information
For the year ended March 2017 (England)
 * Total incoming resources: £60,902,000
 * Total expenditure: £62,874,000
 * Fundraising costs: £18,852,000
 * Total cost of charitable activities: £44,022,000

Sources of funding

 * Donations and legacies 54%
 * Housing advice and support services 29%
 * Shelter shops 14%
 * Training and publications 2%
 * Other 1%

An annual charity fundraising event called Vertical Rush takes place inside London's Tower 42. It is a vertical run of 932 steps to the top of the tower. The 2024 event, raising money for Shelter, took place on 28 February.

title: Shelter (charity)


text:
Death-Stalker

Death-Stalker is the name of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

Publication history
The first Death-Stalker was Philip Wallace Sterling. An enemy of Daredevil, he first appeared as the Exterminator in Daredevil #39 (April 1968); he first appeared as Death-Stalker in Daredevil #113 (September 1974).

Fictional character biography
Philip Wallace Sterling was born in Riverdale, Bronx, New York. He was a wealthy man prior to embarking on a career as a professional criminal. When he first appeared as the Exterminator, he recruited the Unholy Three. He constructed a "time displacer ray" ("t-ray") which could teleport its target into another dimension (possibly the Limbo from which Immortus hails). The Exterminator led the Unholy Three in a series of criminal activities and battled Daredevil. When Daredevil defeated the Exterminator and his agents, he also destroyed the t-ray, accidentally bombarding the Exterminator with its strange energy and seemingly killing him.

Sterling found himself trapped between two dimensions, able to return to Earth at will but only for a few hours at a time; furthermore, the mutation caused his skin to become chalk-white. He stole a pair of gloves from AIM that gave him a "death-grip," and began calling himself "Death-Stalker." He tried several times to kill Daredevil and build a new t-ray machine, but most of his battles with Daredevil ended in a draw.

He was allied with Gladiator against Daredevil. Death-Stalker traveled to the Florida Everglades in search of papers relating to Ted Sallis' experiments and encountered the Man-Thing. He later stole a set of ancient Lemurian mirror lenses from various museums and used them to create a powerful gun in order to destroy Daredevil. However, Daredevil destroyed the gun, and in the midst of their battle, Death-Stalker was mysteriously discorporated by the Sky-Walker. He reappeared in a third costumed guise as the second Death's-Head, gifting an enforcer called Smasher with superhuman strength and kidnapping Karen Page in order to force her to give him the original Death's Head's research. He was defeated by Daredevil and the Ghost Rider, killing Smasher with his touch during the battle.

Sterling resumed the Death-Stalker identity and assembled a large gathering of criminals to take part in an undisclosed theft, presumably of t-ray components. Daredevil found out about the gathering and in the resulting confrontation Death-Stalker touched (and thus killed) one of his underlings, frightening the others away. Seeing no point in battling Daredevil at this time, he teleported away. Angered at this latest interference with his plans, he created another Smasher and sent him to kill Daredevil. The new Smasher failed and Daredevil refused to imprison him, knowing that Death-Stalker would have entered the prison and killed him for his failure. Turning to a new plan, he stole a newly developed scientific apparatus from Stark International.

Death-Stalker attempted to kill Daredevil while the crime-fighter was hospitalized, but was stopped by the Avengers. He created a new Unholy Three and had them kidnap Matt Murdock, whose secret identity as Daredevil he had learned by observation from between dimensions. Daredevil was taken to St. Stephens Cemetery, where Death-Stalker killed two of the Unholy Three and attacked Daredevil. Unable to overcome Death-Stalker's superior abilities, Daredevil knocked out the nearby street light, thus enclosing the cemetery in darkness. Fighting blindly, Death-Stalker rematerialized while his body was phasing through a tombstone, which killed him instantly.

Death-Stalker was, for a brief time, survived by his mother, Elizabeth Dawes Sterling. Lying on her deathbed, and in her hatred for Daredevil for the death of her son, she had her house converted into a deathtrap and built childlike androids fitted with self-destruct devices constructed to lure him to his demise. However, Daredevil just barely managed to escape her deadly revenge.

Powers and abilities
Accidental exposure to an overdose of "t-radiation" altered Sterling's physiology, making it so that he normally existed in a dimension congruent to Earth. While in this realm, he could watch and listen to events on Earth without being observed from Earth by any means. By willing himself to do so, he could shift into the Earth dimension to varying degrees. He could become visible but intangible, or visible and tangible as he desired. He could shift from one state to the other instantaneously. Also, while completely in his interdimensional state, he could cover distances more rapidly, enabling him to disappear from one Earth location and reappear at another far sooner than if he had traversed that same distance on Earth. Death-Stalker could not continuously manifest in the dimension of Earth for more than several hours at a time. His "cybernetic death-grip" device, stolen from AIM, was worn in his gloves, which emitted a dose of microwave radiation when activated by mental command, crippling or killing (depending on the duration of contact) any living creature who came into contact with it. This self-described "touch of death" energy has been described as microwaves, but seems to have properties of both lightning and truly intense cold. Death-Stalker, however, had to materialize tangibly, and in full, on Earth for the device to be effective—a "lone weakness" which Daredevil learned he could exploit to attack Sterling. All in all, Philip Wallace Sterling was a brilliant criminal mastermind—running a global "espionage syndicate" —in addition to being an accomplished inventor and scientist with extensive knowledge of advanced scientific apparatus.

Fictional character biography
A new Death-Stalker appeared in the first issue of Villains for Hire (the villain counterpart of Heroes for Hire). This Death-Stalker's true identity is unknown. She is among the villains hired by Purple Man to help him start his new criminal empire. Death-Stalker was almost shot in the head by Crossfire and shrugs to him by stating "you can't kill what is already dead." Death-Stalker later survives the explosion of the boat she was on.

Powers and abilities
The second Death-Stalker can teleport and has a microwave "death grip."

title: Death-Stalker