text:
Talk:List of unreleased songs recorded by Madonna

External links modified
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I have just added archive links to 10 one external links on List of unreleased songs recorded by Madonna. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
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When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 17:23, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 6 one external links on List of unreleased songs recorded by Madonna. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071205184453/http://www.apra.com.au/cms/worksearch/worksearch.srvlt?action=workSearch to http://www.apra.com.au/cms/worksearch/worksearch.srvlt?action=workSearch
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071205184453/http://www.apra.com.au/cms/worksearch/worksearch.srvlt?action=workSearch to http://www.apra.com.au/cms/worksearch/worksearch.srvlt?action=workSearch
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080505235657/http://www.apra.com.au/cms/worksearch/worksearch.srvlt?action=workSearch&switchDet=Y to http://www.apra.com.au/cms/worksearch/worksearch.srvlt?action=workSearch&switchDet=Y
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071205184453/http://www.apra.com.au/cms/worksearch/worksearch.srvlt?action=workSearch to http://www.apra.com.au/cms/worksearch/worksearch.srvlt?action=workSearch
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20071205184453/http://www.apra.com.au/cms/worksearch/worksearch.srvlt?action=workSearch to http://www.apra.com.au/cms/worksearch/worksearch.srvlt?action=workSearch

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:33, 11 November 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 58 external links on List of unreleased songs recorded by Madonna. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 18:25, 15 December 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 15 external links on List of unreleased songs recorded by Madonna. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140201210452/http://media.community.madonna.com/_Emmy-38-The-Emmys-No-Time-For-Love/audio/595070/119720.html to http://media.community.madonna.com/_Emmy-38-The-Emmys-No-Time-For-Love/audio/595070/119720.html
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text:
User talk:Theosaur

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Theosaur


text:
2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships

The 11th IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) was held in Moscow from March 10 to March 12, 2006 in the Olimpiyski Sport arena.

The announcement by the IAAF in November 2003 was a blow to Madrid, which was also in the running to hold the event but Spain had already held the competition twice. This was the first major senior athletics competition to be held in the country since the highly boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.

The majority of athletes from Great Britain, Australia and Jamaica, amongst other countries, did not attend the Championships, due to the coinciding 2006 Commonwealth Games.

Men
2003 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010

Women
2003 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 † Tatyana Kotova was the original winner with 7.00m, but was stripped of the title in 2013 after retested samples from the 2005 World Championships found her to have been doping. All her results from August 2005 to July 2007 were subsequently annulled.

Participating nations

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title: 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships


text:
Pavel Vinogradov

Pavel Vladimirovich Vinogradov (Павел Владимирович Виноградов; born 31 August 1953 in Magadan, USSR) is a former cosmonaut and commander of the International Space Station. He has flown into space three times, aboard Mir and the International Space Station, and was one of the top 10 astronauts in terms of total time in space after his third spaceflight. Vinogradov has also conducted seven spacewalks in his cosmonaut career, and holds the record for the oldest person to perform a spacewalk.

Personal
Vinogradov is married to Irina Valentinovna Vinogradova (née Zakharova); they have one child. His hobbies include game sports, history of aviation and cosmonautics and astronomy.

Education
Vinogradov graduated from Moscow Aviation Institute in 1977.

Awards
Vinogradov was awarded the Hero of the Russian Federation medal.

Experience
From 1977 to 1983 Vinogradov specialized in software development for automated interactive designing systems of recoverable vehicles, development of aerodynamics and aerodyne arrangement design models, computer graphics. In 1983 he started working for the Head Design Bureau of RSC Energia. He worked on flight procedure verification for Soyuz-TM and Buran spacecraft, development of automated crew training systems. He has also participated in launch preparation of the Soyuz-TM, Buran spacecraft and Energia rocket.

Spaceflight experience
He was selected for the cosmonaut program on 3 March 1992 and spent the next two years in training. From October 1992 to February 1994, he completed generic space training at GCTC. From May 1994 to February 1995, he completed advanced test-cosmonaut training. Vinogradov was the backup flight engineer for the Soyuz TM-22 flight, launched on 3 September 1995. He was assigned to the Soyuz TM-24 flight, but the entire crew was grounded when the flight commander, Gennadi Manakov, experienced heart problems.

Soyuz TM-26
Vinogradov flew as the flight engineer on Soyuz TM-26 on 5 August 1997 with cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyev to the Mir space station. After two days of autonomous flight the Soyuz spacecraft docked with Mir on 7 August. The crew repaired the power cable and harness/connectors in the severely damaged Spektr module and restored much of the lost power. They also repaired and replaced the oxygen generators in Mir. Vinogradov, Solovyev along and ESA astronaut Léopold Eyharts returned to Earth on 19 February 1998. The Soyuz capsule landed 30 km of Arkalyk at 09:10 UTC. During the mission, Vinogradov spent 197 days, 17 hours, and 34 minutes in space.

Expedition 13
In January 2004, Vinogradov began training as the ISS Expedition 13 crew commander. The mission was launched aboard the Soyuz TMA-8 with Vinogradov and NASA astronaut Jeffrey Williams from the Baikonour Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan on 29 March 2006. Vinogradov served as the Soyuz commander. After two days of solo flight, Soyuz TMA-8 docked with the ISS on 31 March 2006. During their mission, Vinogradov and Williams hosted two NASA shuttle crews during their stay on board the ISS. visited the ISS between 6–15 July 2006. The main purposes of STS-121 were to test new safety and repair techniques introduced following the Columbia disaster as well as to deliver supplies, equipment and ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter from Germany to the ISS. Space Shuttle brought the P3/P4 truss and its solar wings to the ISS during its STS-115 mission from September 9 to 21. The Soyuz capsule carrying Vinogradov undocked from the ISS at 5:53 p.m. EDT on 28 September 2006, and landed in the steppes of Kazakhstan near Arkalyk at 9:13 p.m. EDT. Vinogradov was joined by NASA astronaut Jeffrey Williams and Spaceflight Participant Anousheh Ansari. Vinogradov spent 182 days, 23 hours and 44 minutes in space on board the Soyuz spacecraft and the ISS.

Expeditions 35 and 36
Pavel flew with ISS Expeditions 35 and 36, from March to September 2013. On 12 May 2013 Pavel assumed command of the International Space Station.

Spacewalks
Vinogradov has conducted seven spacewalks during his cosmonaut career. Five of these spacewalks were in 1997 and 1998 during his stay on board the Mir space station. His EVA time through seven spacewalks is 38 hours and 25 minutes.

On 22 August 1997 Vinogradov completed his first career spacewalk. He and fellow cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyov began their spacewalk at 11:14 UTC. During the excursion the two spacewalkers, connect power cables, inspected damage on the Spektr module and retrieved equipment. The spacewalk lasted 3 hours and 16 minutes.

On 20 October 1997 Vinogradov conducted his second career spacewalk inside the Spektr module, with Anatoly Solovyov. The duo began their spacewalk at 09:40 UTC. The spacewalk ended at 16:18 UTC. The duration of the spacewalk was 6 hours and 38 minutes.

On 3 November 1997 Vinogradov completed his third career spacewalk, again with Anatoly Solovyov. The two dismantled solar panels and deployed Sputnik 40. The spacewalk began at 03:32 UTC and ended at 09:36 UTC. The excursion lasted 6 hours and 4 minutes.

On 6 November 1997 Vinogradov completed his fourth career spacewalk, again with Anatoly Solovyov. The two spent the entire EVA installing solar panels. The spacewalk began at 00:12 UTC and ended at 06:24 UTC. The excursion lasted 6 hours and 12 minutes.

On 8 January 1998 Vinogradov completed his fifth career spacewalk, again with Anatoly Solovyov. The duo retrieved equipment and repaired leaking EVA hatch. The spacewalk began at 23:08 UTC and ended at 02:14 UTC. The excursion lasted 3 hours and 6 minutes.

On 2 June 2006 Vinogradov performed his sixth career spacewalk. Vinogradov and NASA astronaut Jeffrey Williams spent six hours and 31 minutes making repairs and collecting experiments along the space station's exterior. Their excursion lasted almost an hour longer than planned after the astronauts fell behind in their work schedule. The two spacewalkers began their spacewalk at 22:48 GMT, when they stepped outside the Pirs docking compartment airlock. The spacewalking duo completed two key ISS repairs. Vinogradov replaced a clogged vent nozzle used to dump excess hydrogen overboard by the space station's Elektron oxygen generator. Vinogradov and Williams also replaced a broken video camera that provides key views from the space station's railcar-like Mobile Base System. During the spacewalk, Vinogradov watched a foot restraint adapter, which had previously linked him to the station's Strela crane, drift off into space. The spacewalk ended at 1:19 a.m. EDT when the two spacewalkers re-entered the airlock of the Pirs docking compartment.

Vinogradov was slated to hit a golf ball into space during the spacewalk as part of an agreement between Russia's Federal Space Agency and the Canadian golf equipment firm Element 21 Golf Co. However, it was canceled.

On 19 April 2013 Pavel Vinogradov and Roman Romanenko performed a 6:38 EVA (Russian EVA 32).

title: Pavel Vinogradov


text:
User:Srbauer

'Unser Kollege und Freund Srbauer ist am 3. November 2007 plötzlich und unerwartet im Alter von 43 Jahren verstorben. Die Wikipedia-Autoren kondolieren der Familie aus tiefstem Herzen.

Srbauer wurde von den Benutzern der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia im Juni 2004 zum Administrator gewählt, was das Vertrauen, das ihm entgegengebracht wurde, widerspiegelt. Wir werden sein Andenken in Ehren halten.'

de:Benutzer:srbauer

title: User:Srbauer


text:
User:Node ue/sandbox

Βiology is the science of life. It is concerneδ with the characteristics anδ &s of organisms, how species anδ inδiviδuals come into existence, anδ the interactions they have with each other anδ with their environment.

Overview of βiology
Βiology encompasses a βroaδ spectrum of acaδemic fielδs that are often vieweδ as inδepenδent δisciplines. Together, they stuδy life over a wiδe range of scales:

 * at the atomic anδ molecular scale, through molecular &, &, anδ to some extent genetics
 * at the cellular scale, through cell &
 * at the multicellular scales, through physiology, anatomy, anδ histology
 * at the level of the δevelopment or ontogeny of an inδiviδual organism, through &
 * at the level of hereδity βetween parent anδ offspring through genetics
 * at the level of group βehavior through ethology
 * at the level of an entire population, through population genetics
 * on the multi-species scale of lineages, through systematics
 * at the level of interδepenδent populations anδ their haβitats through ecology anδ evolutionary βiology
 * anδ speculatively through xeno& at the level of life βeyonδ the Earth.

Fielδs of stuδy in βiology
<βlockquote> Aero& -- Anatomy -- Arachnology-- Astro& -- & -- & -- & -- & -- & -- &-- & -- & -- Cell & -- Chorology -- Cla& -- Crustaceology -- Cryptozoology -- Cycles -- Cytology -- & -- & (Genetic &s, Infectious &s) -- Ecology (Theoretical ecology, Symβiology, Autecology, Synecology) -- Ethology -- Entomology -- Evolutionary & (Evolution) -- Evolutionary & -- Freshwater & -- Genetics (Population genetics, Quantitative genetics, Genomics, Proteomics) -- Herpetology -- Histology -- Human & (Anthropology) -- Ichthyology -- Immunology -- Infectious & -- Pathology -- Epi& -- Limnology -- Malacology -- Mammalogy -- Marine & -- Micro& (&) -- Molecular & -- Morphology -- Mycology / Lichenology --- Myrmecology --- Neuroscience (Neuroanatomy, Neurophysiology, Systems neuroscience, &, Psychiatry, Psychopharmacology, &, Neuroethology, Psychophysics, Computational neuroscience, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive science)-- Oncology (the stuδy of cancer) -- Ontogeny -- Origin of life -- Ornithology -- Paleontology (Paleo&, Paleozoology)-- Parasitology -- Phycology (Algology) -- Phylogeny (Phylogenetics, Phylogeography) -- Physiology -- Phytopathology -- Repro& --Structural & -- Systems & -- Taxonomy -- Toxicology (the stuδy of poisons anδ pollution) -- Virology -- Xeno& -- Zoology

Relateδ δisciplines
Me& -- Physical anthropology

People anδ history
Famous βiologists -- History of & -- Noβel prize in physiology or meδicine -- Timeline of &

List of topics
See: List of &

Evolution anδ βiology
One of the central, organizing concepts in βiology is that all life has δescenδeδ from a common origin through a process of evolution. Charles & estaβlisheδ evolution as a viaβle theory βy articulating its δriving force: natural selection. (Alfre& is commonly recognizeδ as the co-δiscoverer of this concept). Genetic & was emβraceδ as an aδδitional mechanism in the so-calleδ mo&. The evolutionary history of a species&mδash;which tells the characteristics of the various species from which it δescenδeδ&mδash;together with its genealogical relationship to every other species is calleδ its phylogeny. Wiδely varieδ approaches to βiology generate information aβout phylogeny. These incluδe the comparisons of &s conδucteδ within molecular & or genomics, anδ comparisons of fossils or other recorδs of ancient organisms in paleontology. Βiologists organize anδ analyze evolutionary relationships through various methoδs, incluδing phylogenetics, phenetics, anδ cla&. Major events in the evolution of life, as βiologists currently unδerstanδ them, are summarizeδ on this evolutionary timeline.

Classification of life
The classification of living things is calleδ systematics, or taxonomy, anδ shoulδ reflect the evolutionary trees (phylogenetic trees) of the δifferent organisms. Taxonomy piles up organisms in groups calleδ taxa, while systematics seeks their relationships. The δominant system is calleδ Linnaean taxonomy, which incluδes ranks anδ &. How organisms are nameδ is governeδ βy international agreements such as the International Co& (ICΒN), the International Co& (ICZN), anδ the International Co& (ICNΒ). A fourth Δraft ΒioCoδe was puβlisheδ in 1997 in an attempt to stanδarδize naming in the three areas, βut it δoes not appear to have yet βeen formally aδopteδ. The International Co& (ICVCN) remains outsiδe the ΒioCoδe.

Traδitionally, living things were δiviδeδ into five kingδoms:

 * Monera -- Protista -- Fungi -- Plantae -- Animalia

However, this five-kingδom system is now consiδereδ βy many to βe outδateδ. More moδern alternatives generally βegin with the three-&:

 * Archaea (originally Archaeβacteria) -- & (originally Euβacteria) -- Eukaryota

These δomains reflect whether cells have nuclei or not as well as δifferences in cell exteriors.

There is also a series of intracellular "parasites" that are progressively less alive in terms of βeing metaβolically active:

 * Viruses -- Viroi&s -- Prions

History of the worδ "βiology"
Formeδ βy comβining the Greek βίος (βios), meaning 'life', anδ λόγος (logos), meaning 'worδ', the worδ "βiology" in its moδern sense seems to have βeen introδuceδ inδepenδently βy Gottfrie& (Βiologie oδer Philosophie δer leβenδen Natur, 1802) anδ βy Jean-& (Hyδrogéologie, 1802). The worδ itself is sometimes saiδ to have βeen coineδ in 1800 βy Karl Frie&, βut it appears in the title of Volume 3 of Michael Christoph Hanov's Philosophiae naturalis sive physicae δogmaticae: Geologia, βiologia, phytologia generalis et δenδrologia, puβlisheδ in 1766.

Links
{Bookshelf}

 * EverythingΒio : An online source for everything βiology relateδ.
 * Kimβall's Βiology Pages, http://users.rcn.com/jkimβall.ma.ultranet/ΒiologyPages : An online searchaβle textβook.
 * The Tree of Life, http://tolweβ.org/tree/phylogeny.html : A multi-authoreδ, δistriβuteδ Internet project containing information aβout phylogeny anδ βioδiversity.
 * The Journal of Βiology, http://www.jβiol.com : A small, βut free, research journal
 * The Puβlic Liβrary of Science: Βiology, http://www.plosβiology.org : A newer, βut more amβitious free research journal.
 * ΒioCoδe, http://www.rom.on.ca/βioδiversity/βiocoδe/βiocoδe1997.html : A proposal for organism naming.
 * PhyloCoδe

Further reaδing

 * Lynn Margulis, Five Kingδoms: An Illustrateδ Guiδe to the Phyla of Life on Earth, 3rδ eδ., St. Martin's Press, 1997, paperβack, ISΒN 0805072527 (many other eδitions)
 * Neil Campβell, Βiology: Concepts & Connections (4th eδition), Βenjamin-Cummings Puβlishing Company, 2002, harδcover, ISΒN 080536627X (college-level text)

title: User:Node ue/sandbox


text:
Vasily Tsibliyev

Vasily Vasiliyevich Tsibliyev (Василий Василиевич Циблиев); born on February 20, 1954) is a retired Russian cosmonaut and former head of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

Life
He was selected as a cosmonaut on March 26, 1987. Tsibliyev flew as Commander on Soyuz TM-17 from July 1, 1993, to January 14, 1994, and on Soyuz TM-25 from February 2, 1997, to August 14 of the same year. He retired as a cosmonaut on June 19, 1998.

From 2003 to 2009, he headed the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

Tsibliyev is married with two children.

Tsibliyev was the commander in charge of Mir when it was hit by a Progress spacecraft in 1997.

Honours and awards

 * Hero of the Russian Federation (14 January 1994) - for courage and heroism displayed during spaceflight on the orbital scientific research complex Mir
 * Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd class (10 April 1998) - for courage and heroism displayed during prolonged space flight on the orbital scientific research complex Mir
 * Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (12 April 2011) - for the great achievements in the field of research, development and use of outer space, many years of diligent work, public activities
 * Medal for Battle Merit
 * Medal "For Distinction in Military Service", 2nd class
 * Medal "For Strengthening brotherhood in arms" (Bulgaria)
 * NASA Exceptional Public Service Medal
 * Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation (14 January 1994) - for the successful implementation of spaceflight on the orbital scientific research complex Mir and expressed at high level of professionalism
 * Prize Laureate Vladimir Vysotsky's "Own Track"

title: Vasily Tsibliyev


text:
Queima das Fitas

The Queima das Fitas (Portuguese for Ribbon Burning) is a traditional festivity of the students of some Portuguese universities, organized originally by the students of the University of Coimbra.

History
Although student traditions and student lore in Portugal are much older and include features like the Praxe and the Latada, the first Queima das Fitas, or the ceremonial burning of the ribbons, was organized by the students of the University of Coimbra in the 1850s. The university is the oldest university of the country, and for many centuries it was the only one in Portugal.

Coimbra
Coimbra's Queima das Fitas, the oldest and most famous, is organized by a students' commission formed by members of the students' union Associação Académica de Coimbra. Celebrating the end of graduation courses, symbolized by the ritual burning of the ribbons representing each faculty of the University of Coimbra (UC), it takes place at the second semester (starts on the first Friday of May at 00:00), being among the biggest student festivities in Europe. It lasts for eight days, one for each of UC's faculties: Humanities, Law, Medicine, Sciences and Technology, Pharmacy, Economics, Psychology and Education Sciences and Sports Sciences and Physical Education. During this period, a series of concerts and performances are held, turning Coimbra in a lively and vibrant city. It also includes a parade of the university students, sport activities, gala ball, and many other public events and traditions, such as the historical nighttime student fado serenade (Serenata Monumental) which happens in the stairs of the Old Cathedral of Coimbra for a crowd of thousands of students, tourists and other spectators. The Ribbon Burning festivities are the big yearly celebration for the students and townspeople as well. The festivities run for a full week in May, beginning with the traditional nighttime fado serenade in the square of the Old Cathedral of Coimbra. The square is packed with students in their black capes and according to the ritual, studies are forgotten for a week of joy and all-night revelry. The high point of the festivities is the Cortejo, a parade beginning in Alta (upper Coimbra, the university historic centre and home to the Rector's Office and the famous University tower) with the graduating students burning their grelo. The parade progresses down the hills of the Alta towards the Baixa (downtown Coimbra, near the river) with dozens of elaborately decorated floats, each in the color of their respective faculties, carrying placards with ironic criticisms alluding to certain teachers, the educational system, national events and leaders. The parade is made up of thousands of "newly liberated" students set apart by their top hats and walking sticks.

After the outbreak in 1969 (April 17) of a crisis opposing the students to the dictatorial government of Marcelo Caetano, the festivities, as well as all other manifestations of the academic traditions, were suspended by the students as an act of protest (decided on May 8, 1969). This was known as the luto académico (Portuguese for academic mourning). However, between 1945 and 1974, there were three generations of militants of the radical right at the University of Coimbra and other universities, guided by a revolutionary nationalism partly influenced by the political sub-culture of European neofascism. The core of these radical students' struggle lay in an uncompromising defence of the Portuguese Empire in the days of the authoritarian regime.

The restarting of the celebrations took place in 1980, in the middle of an intense political controversy between left-wing students who opposed the celebration, and conservative students, who wanted to resume the practice. Such struggle took some time to heal, but the "Queima das Fitas" is now only contested by a small fringe of the more radical left-wing student movements.

Nowadays, the beer industry has become an important sponsor of Coimbra's Queima das Fitas, which has given still a wider projection to the festival, quite popular among young people from all around the country and even from Spain. During the festival's week groups of students from other universities, such as Lisbon or Porto, among thousands of other visitors, come to enjoy it. This growth in popularity has involved significant change to the festival, ever more professionalized, moving it a great distance away from its origins at the end of the 19th century. Students of more traditionalist or leftist sensibilities have occasionally decried this as an increased commercialization and commodification of their "mystique" and traditions.

Lisbon
In Lisbon, higher education students enrolled at colleges and universities of Greater Lisbon area have also organized an Academic Week (Semana Académica) following many traditional events and cultural manifestations of the burning of the ribbons including an open-air Catholic mass for the students, a nighttime student serenade, a student parade through the streets of Lisbon and a music festival which have been always scheduled every year.

Porto
Porto's Queima das Fitas traces its origins to the beginning of the 1940s, and is a major event in the first week of May, before the beginning of the study period preceding the school year's last exams. The week comprehends 12 events, starting with the Monumental Serenata on Sunday, reaching its peak with the Cortejo Académico on Tuesday, when students from the universities and other higher education institutions of the city march through the downtown streets till they reach the city hall, where they are greeted (and greet back) by the mayor. During every night of the week a series of concerts takes place on the Queimódromo, next to the city's park; here it is also a tradition for the students in the second last year to erect small tents where alcoholic beverages are sold in order to finance the trip that takes place during the last year of their course.

During the parade through the city, different year students wear and play different parts: the graduates (the last year students) wear a top-hat and a walking-cane, both the colour of their faculty; the sophomores wear the traditional costume with their capes fully crossed; the freshmen (who after being greeted by the mayor become sophomores) wear funny/silly outfits (usually with carnival props related to baby-costumes) the same colour as their faculty, sing songs as loud as they can, do some sort of group dances, usually get hazed a little bit, and when they get to the Town Hall have to crawl on their hands and feet to walk by the mayor.

Porto's Queima was the first to reborn after the 1974 revolution. In 1978 there was a first try with a Mini-Queima, with only a few faculties involved and having to stand fierce hostility. In 1979 a "Traditional Queima" was put up by an almost clandestine organising committee, gathering students from most of the public faculties: Engineering, Medicine, Economics, Pharmacy, Letters, Science.

This team managed to frustrate the boycott efforts of left-wing students that opposed the celebration, and offered to the academy and the city the full traditional range of activities, that started with a Saturday to Sunday late night Serenade (starting at 00:01h), with traditional Coimbra Fado songs, in the courtyard of Porto's Cathedral. The programme included the blessing of the students' briefcases, decorated with ribbons ("Fitas") of the colour of each faculty, a Charity Day where all revenue from the selling of small cardboard briefcases with poems (some original and cheerfully offered by poet Pedro Homem de Mello) was given to a charity institution, several balls, rallye-paper, Garraiada (mock-up bullfight with small calves) and, specially, a huge parade that attracted an assistance of more than 150,000 that blocked Porto's downtown for several hours, cheering the students and showing that the Queima had its place in the city's celebrations.

Murder of Marlon Correia
In early May 2013, Marlon Correia, who was 24 and a student of the Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, was murdered in the Queimódromo. This happened as a gang who were heavily armed tried to rob the money from the ticket office and eventually killed Marlon with a firearm. This did not prevent the festival from happening that year and Marlon was honored in the so-called "Bênção das Pastas". The crime expires in 2035, and according to the order of the Public Ministry and over eight years, the authorities investigated violent groups, including the 'Grupo de Coimbrões' and the 'Grupo da Cruz de Pau-Matosinhos' and even constituted six people as defendants. However, as of 2023, no suspects were sent to trial and the FAP, the student federation of Porto which organizes the Queima das Fitas in the city, was acquitted of paying indemnification to the parents of the victim because no wrongdoing or fault was found on the part of FAP as temporary employer and organizer of the event.

title: Queima das Fitas


text:
Statute of Westminster

The Statute of Westminster may refer to:

 * Statute of Westminster 1275, often called the Statute of Westminster I, codified existing law in England in 51 chapters
 * Statute of Westminster 1285, often called the Statute of Westminster II, contained the clause De donis conditionalibus
 * Quia Emptores of 1290, often called the Statute of Westminster III, prevented tenants from alienating their lands to others by subinfeudation
 * Statute of Westminster 1327, first mentioned the military post of Conductor
 * Statute of Westminster 1472, mostly noted for requiring ships coming to an English port to bring a tax in bowstaves
 * Statute of Westminster 1931, established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom

title: Statute of Westminster


text:
VStar Entertainment Group

VStar Entertainment Group is a family entertainment production company headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. It produced Sesame Street Live, a live touring stage show based on the television series. It has also produced stage shows based on The Muppet Show and Muppet Babies, PAW Patrol, Barney & Friends, Trolls, Bear in the Big Blue House, Dragon Tales, Baby Shark's Big Show!, and  Curious George''.

Vee Corporation
Vee Corporation was started on March 14, 1980 from an idea by founder Vincent Egan to produce a live character show just for Sesame Street. At the time, there were only three touring family shows, Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus and two ice shows, Ice Follies and Holiday on Ice. He based it off his time working for the Ice Follies which had a segment with those Sesame Street Muppets. Egan approached Jim Henson's company and Children's Television Workshop, who were interested. He then found an investor in Gordon Stofer, whose Norwest Growth Fund took half ownership in the company for $500,000. Egan refinanced his home mortgage for $25,000 in additional funding. With the funding, Vee was able to sign a licensing agreement with the Children's Television Workshop for the characters.

The first Sesame Street Live show opened in September 1980 at the Metropolitan Sports Center in Bloomington, Minnesota for a five-day run. That show was successful. The following shows in five locations had lackluster attendance costing VEE the profits made in Bloomington. Egan figured that the marketing material was confusing people in those markets as what type of show was not specified. He overhauled the script and marketing while getting his creditors to wait for payments. That Christmas, the show went on to play for four weeks at Madison Square Garden's 4,000-seat Felt Forum in New York City before an audience of 100,000 people.

Around 2000, Egan purchased Norwest Fund's stake in the corporation. He also formed two divisions, Vee Costumes & Creatures and Vee Production Services, to successfully diversify the company.

Blue Star
Sanjay Syal started Blue Star Productions before 1995 to produce trade shows. Where Syal produced over 100 events per year, Syal then formed Blue Star Media in 2011 for the traveling exhibition, Discover the Dinosaurs, which became one of the most successful traveling family events in the country with over 120 event per year. With the success of the exhibition, Syal then proceeded to wind down Blue Star Productions as contracts expired. Blue Star Media then started to look for a partner finding AUA Private Equity, who purchase a share of the company from Syal in early June 2014 via a leverage buyout. A tented version of the Discover exhibition was launched in 2014 at two state fairs, New York State Fair, and the California State Fair, and had 14% of total yearly attendance for the exhibition.

VStar Entertainment Group
On April 1, 2015, Blue Star Media, LLC under the direction of Sanjay Syal as CEO purchased VEE Corporation with Egan continuing as a consultant. In 2015, VEE Corporation and Blue Star Media, a producer and promoter of consumer shows and events, became VStar Entertainment Group. In August 2015, the company agreed to partner with the Pro Football Hall of Fame for a mobile tour. In April 2016, Vstar hired Eric Grilly as CEO from Comcast Sports Group.

In November 2016, Sesame Workshop announced an agreement with Feld Entertainment for a new Sesame Street Live show thus ending VStar's arena version in July 2017. The company continues to support and produce other Sesame Street shows at various locations and the United Service Organizations tour while still providing costumes.

In January 2017, Vstar acquired Cirque Productions, based in South Florida. Neil Goldberg, Cirque Productions founder and Broadway director, was retained as president of Cirque Dreams.

Aftermath
On July 5, 2018, Cirque du Soleil Entertainment Group announced that it was acquiring VStar.

On June 29, 2020, Cirque du Soleil filed for bankruptcy in Canada. Three days later, on July 1, 2020, they filed for Chapter 15 bankruptcy.

Productions

 * Muppets:
 * Sesame Street Live (September 17, 1980 – July 2017) (a longer list of Sesame Street Live is at this page.)
 * The Muppet Show
 * on tour 1 (1984-1985)
 * on tour 2 (1985-1986)
 * Muppet Babies:
 * Muppet Babies Live (1986-1987)
 * Muppet Babies' Magic Box (1987-1988)
 * Where's Animal? (1988-1990)

Cirque Dreams

 * Cirque Dreams Holidaze (2007–present)
 * Cirque Jungle Fantasy
 * Cirque Dreams & Dinner, two Norwegian Cruise Line shows
 * Cirque Dreams Rocks
 * Cirque Dreams Unwrapped
 * Cirque Dreams Revealed

Nickelodeon

 * PAW Patrol Live! (2016 -)
 * Race to the Rescue (2016 -)
 * The Great Pirate Adventure (2017 -)
 * Heroes Unite (2023 -)
 * Bubble Guppies Live! Ready to Rock (2017-2018)
 * Baby Shark's Big Broadwave Tour (2024 -)

Nick Jr.

 * Nick Jr. Live! Move To The Music (2019-2022)

Others

 * Curious George Live! (2009-2010; Canada 2010–2011)
 * Discover the Dinosaurs (December 2011) Blue Star Media
 * tented version (2014- ) held at fairs
 * Ice Age exhibit (December 2014- ) adds on to the main exhibition
 * stage show, adds on to the main show
 * Unleashed
 * My Little Pony Live: The World's Biggest Tea Party (2006-2008)
 * Dragon Tales Live - Missing Music Mystery (2001-2006)
 * Care Bears Live - Caring and Sharing Friends (2005-2006)
 * Kidz Bop World Tour (2007-2008)
 * Barney Live in Concert – Birthday Bash! (November 19, 2010 - December 2011)
 * Hello Kitty's Supercute Friendship Festival (May 29, 2015 – 2016)
 * Trolls Live! (November 16, 2019 – 2022)

Sports

 * "Honor the Heroes" tour (October 17, 2015-) football Hall of Fame inductees on the tour included Tim Brown, Joe Greene, Charles Haley, Randall McDaniel, Warren Moon and Fran Tarkenton. Tour consisted of four attractions: Legacy Hall, Traditions Stage, Impact Zone and Hall of Fame Locker Room, a store. The hall has holographic busts, football memorabilia and feature multimedia stores. The stage had NFL Films large-screen productions plus "chalk talk" sessions and hourly kids press conferences. The Zone is a football skill and activities test area.
 * NBA Jam

Units

 * VStar Production Services: creates and manufactures exhibits, props and sets for corporate and entertainment events and museums
 * VStar Costumes & Creatures: creates and manufactures costumes and puppets for special events, sports teams and other stage productions.

title: VStar Entertainment Group


text:
Extreme points of South America

The extreme points of South America are the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location on the continent. The continent's southernmost point is often said to be Cape Horn, but Águila Islet of the Diego Ramírez Islands lies further south.

Latitude and longitude
Geographic coordinates expressed in WGS 84.

South America

 * Northernmost point: Bajo Nuevo keys in San Andrés y Providencia Department, Colombia (15.88417°N, -78.37056°W)
 * Southernmost point can be either:
 * Águila Islet, Diego Ramírez Islands, Chile (-55.98057°N, -67.29217°W), or, if the South Sandwich Islands are included as part of South America:
 * Cook Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (-59.48889°N, -27.14444°W)
 * Westernmost point can be either:
 * Darwin Island, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (1.67889°N, -92.00917°W), or, if Easter Island is included as part of South America:
 * Motu Nui (-27.20111°N, -109.455°W)
 * Easternmost point can be either:
 * Ilha do Sul, Trindade and Martim Vaz, Brazil (-20.49722°N, -28.8475°W), or, if the South Sandwich Islands are included as part of South America:
 * Montagu Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (-58.51194°N, -26.26861°W)

South America (mainland)

 * Northernmost point: Punta Gallinas, Colombia (12.45861°N, -71.66889°W)
 * Southernmost point: Cape Froward, Chile (-53.89639°N, -71.29444°W)
 * Westernmost point: Punta Pariñas, Peru (-4.68278°N, -81.32861°W)
 * Easternmost point: Ponta do Seixas, Brazil (-7.15528°N, -34.79306°W)

Center: 40 km. NWbN of Fuerte Olimpo, Alto Paraguay, Paraguay (-20.71889°N, -58.06083°W)

Elevation

 * Highest point: Aconcagua, Mendoza, Argentina-32.65333°N, -70.01111°W at 6961 m
 * Lowest point: Laguna del Carbón, Santa Cruz, Argentina -49.57611°N, -68.35139°W at −105 m

title: Extreme points of South America


text:
Genevieve Gorder

Genevieve Gorder (born July 26, 1974) is an American television host and interior designer. She was one of the Designers on Trading Spaces, She hosted Bravo's Best Room Wins. Previously, she hosted Stay Here on Netflix, Genevieve's Renovation, "White House Christmas," and Dear Genevieve on HGTV and judged HGTV's Design Star.

Early life
Gorder is the oldest of three children and the only daughter. Her mother is Diana Drake, and her father is Jon Gorder. She attended Minneapolis South High School, where she played soccer and the violin. From 1992 to 1994, Gorder attended Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, majoring in international affairs, but decided to change her career path after taking a graphic design course. In 1994, she obtained an internship at MTV in New York City. After completing the internship, MTV offered Gorder a permanent job, which she accepted. She permanently relocated to New York and graduated with a B.F.A. in design from the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan.

Personal life
From 2006 to 2013, Gorder was married to Canadian actor Tyler Harcott, with whom she has a daughter, Bebelle.

In September 2018, Gorder married Christian Dunbar, an interior designer and furniture builder.

Career
Before being known as a designer, Gorder appeared as a commentator on the MTV series Sex in the 90s.

During her tenure at design company Duffy & Partners (now Duffy) in New York City from 1998 to 2000, Gorder designed the bottle for Tanqueray No. 10 gin.

Trading Spaces
Gorder was one of the original designers on TLC's hit series Trading Spaces, which premiered in 2000. Gorder appeared in Seasons 1-4, 6, and 9. She gained recognition from the show and quickly became known for her soulful designs and her habit of working barefoot. She parodied her lack of footwear in a series of Swiffer sweeper commercials that started running on television and in periodicals in 2003. She has always explained that her preference for working barefoot was in order to not ruin shoes, and not for comfort reasons.

In addition to her role on Trading Spaces, Gorder was a designer for a spinoff show, Trading Spaces: Family.

Town Haul
In 2005, Gorder made-over several small American towns for TLC's Town Haul, which she also hosted.

Dear Genevieve
Gorder's next onscreen project, Dear Genevieve, premiered on HGTV in January 2009 and ran for 78 episodes. The show featured Gorder solving design problems, in-person, for people who had emailed the program seeking her advice.

Design Star
Gorder was one of three judges on the design panel of HGTV Design Star (renamed HGTVStar in 2013). The show featured Gorder advising and critiquing designers looking to achieve status on television. She appeared in 25 episodes of HGTV Design Star between 2009 and 2012.

HGTV White House Christmas
Gorder hosted HGTV's White House Christmas in 2015. In this special, Gorder gave viewers a tour of the Christmas decorations at the White House in Washington, D.C.

Genevieve's Renovation
Gorder starred in this show about the renovation of her own life and apartment in Manhattan. It premiered in July 2014 and ran for six episodes. The series was a personal look at what it is to be a designer and a reverse client as she designs for herself and her daughter.

Stay Here
On August 17, 2018, Stay Here launched on Netflix. This eight-episode series featured Gorder and real-estate expert Peter Lorimer working together to help Airbnb and Vrbo hosts redecorate and market their rental properties. Gorder is also credited as an executive producer for the series.

Best Room Wins
Gorder hosted Bravo's Best Room Wins, a room-makeover competition series that premiered in May 2019. Each of the show's ten episodes featured two interior designers competing for a feature on ELLE Decor's website.

Other projects
Gorder has designed for brands including Crate and Barrel and Scotties Tissues, and she has served as a spokesperson for General Mills's Box Tops program and Fiber One. She also does infomercials on the ABC channels for America's Steals And Deals.

title: Genevieve Gorder


text:
Aleksandr Lazutkin

Aleksandr Ivanovich Lazutkin (Александр Иванович Лазуткин; born October 30, 1957) is a former Russian cosmonaut.

Life and career
Lazutkin attended the Moscow Aviation Institute and received a mechanical engineering degree. He was selected as cosmonaut on March 3, 1992. His first spaceflight was Soyuz TM-25, on which he was the flight engineer.

Lazutkin has said that Russian cosmonauts were given cognac for extended missions in space.

1997 Progress supply mission
Lazutkin was aboard the Mir Space Station when a collision occurred with the uncrewed Progress M34, its supply craft which was piloted by Vasily Tsibliyev while on the Mir. The collision, which is considered the worst in the history of the space age, knocked out the Spektr's solar panels and took the Mir out of its alignment with the sun, also causing it to lose power. It also caused the cabin to decompress.

Quick action by the three crewmen managed to stave off immediate disaster. Lazutkin and fellow crewman Michael Foale quickly severed the connecting cables with the module and sealed off the hatches to the module, saving the rest of the station. Lazutkin managed to successfully cut some of the wires connecting the Mir and the Spektr using a tiny dinner knife. A few days after the collision, Tsibliyev and Lazutkin were ordered to attempt to repair the Mir. Foale was ordered to the Soyuz-TM escape pod. The station was eventually secured safely.

title: Aleksandr Lazutkin


text:
Landed property

In real estate, a landed property or landed estate is a property that generates income for the owner (typically a member of the gentry) without the owner having to do the actual work of the estate.

In medieval Western Europe, there were two competing systems of landed property; manorialism, inherited from the Roman villa system, where a large estate is owned by the Lord of the manor and leased to tenants; and the family farm or Hof owned by and heritable within a commoner family (c.f. yeoman), inherited from Germanic law.

A gentleman farmer is the largely historic term for a country gentleman who has a farm as part of his estate and farms mainly for pleasure rather than for profit. His acreage may vary from under ten to hundreds of acres. The gentleman farmer employed labourers and farm managers. However, according to the 1839 Encyclopedia of Agriculture, he "did not associate with these minor working brethren". The chief source of income for the gentleman farmer was derived not from any income that his landed property may generate; he had either access to his own private income, he worked as a professional and/or he owned a large business elsewhere. Or all three.

Modern landed property often consists of housing or industrial land, generating income in the form of rents or fees for services provided by the facilities on the land, such as port facilities. Owners often commission an estate map to help manage their estate as well as serving as a status symbol.

Landed property was a key element of feudalism, and freed the owner for other tasks, such as government administration, military service, the practice of law, or religious practices.

In later times, the dominant role of landed estates as a basis of public service faded. Development of manufacturing and commerce created capitalist means of obtaining income, but ordinarily demanding the attention of the owner. At roughly the same time, governments began imposing taxes to fund government bureaus and the military, so that people of talent could perform government services for salaries without need for the proceeds of ownership of farmland.

Much of the United States, typically New England, Pennsylvania, and most states west of the original colonies, never had a landed aristocracy, so their armed forces and government agencies could never be organized on the basis of a landed aristocracy.

title: Landed property


text:
Kivalliq Region

The Kivalliq Region (Inuktitut syllabics: ᑭᕙᓪᓕᖅ) is an administrative region of Nunavut, Canada. It consists of the portion of the mainland to the west of Hudson Bay together with Southampton Island and Coats Island. The regional centre is Rankin Inlet. The population was 11,045 in the 2021 Canadian census, an increase of 6.1% from the 2016 Census.

Before 1999, the Kivalliq Region existed under slightly different boundaries as Keewatin Region, Northwest Territories. Although the Kivalliq name became official in 1999, Statistics Canada continued to refer to the area as the Keewatin Region in publications such as the Census until 2021. Most references to the area as "Keewatin" have generally been phased out by Nunavut-based bodies, as that name was originally rooted in a region of northwestern Ontario derived from a Cree dialect, and only saw application onto Inuit-inhabited lands because of the boundaries of the now-defunct District of Keewatin.

Demographics
In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, the Kivalliq Region had a population of 11,045 living in 2,719 of its 3,193 total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of 10,413. With a land area of 434331.16 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Communities

 * Hamlets and population
 * Arviat (2,864 )
 * Baker Lake (2,061 )
 * Chesterfield Inlet (397 )
 * Coral Harbour (1,035 )
 * Naujaat (1,225 )
 * Rankin Inlet (2,975 )
 * Whale Cove (470 )

 * Former
 * Cape Fullerton
 * Ennadai
 * Maguse River
 * Padlei
 * Tavani
 * Wager Bay

The remainder of the region is referred to as Kivalliq, Unorganized by Statistics Canada.

People

 * Caribou Inuit
 * Ahiarmiut
 * Asiagmiut
 * Harvaqtuurmiut
 * Utkuhiksalik

Geology
The Kivalliq Region is experiencing the world's highest rate of post-glacial rebound (as much as 17 mm per year).

Climate
The Kivalliq Region has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) and a tundra climate (ET). However, it is almost entirely above the tree line. Temperatures stay below freezing from late September to early June, and peak at around 10 C in July. Days are much longer in summer than in winter.

Protected areas

 * Arvia'juaq and Qikiqtaarjuk National Historic Site
 * East Bay Migratory Bird Sanctuary
 * Fall Caribou Crossing National Historic Site
 * Harry Gibbons Migratory Bird Sanctuary
 * Iqalugaarjuup Nunanga Territorial Park
 * Inuujarvik Territorial Park
 * McConnell River Migratory Bird Sanctuary
 * Thelon Wildlife Sanctuary

title: Kivalliq Region


text:
User:Hinrik/monobook.css

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title: User:Hinrik/monobook.css


text:
Reinhold Ewald

Reinhold Ewald (born 18 December 1956) is a German physicist and ESA astronaut.

Biography
Born in Mönchengladbach, West Germany, he received a Diploma in experimental physics from the University of Cologne in 1983 and a Ph.D. in 1986, with a minor degree in human physiology.

In 1990, he was selected to the German astronaut team, training for the Mir '92 mission. He was the backup of Klaus-Dietrich Flade for the Soyuz TM-14 mission. In 1995 he began training for the second German Mir mission. In February 1997 he flew to the space station Mir with Soyuz TM-25, spending 20 days in space. He performed experiments in biomedical and material sciences, and carried out operational tests in preparation for the International Space Station.

In February 1999, he joined the European Astronaut Corps at the European Astronaut Centre (EAC) in Cologne, Germany.

From 2006 to 2011, Ewald headed the Flight Operations Division within ESA's ISS Operations department at the Columbus Control Centre near Munich. In this role, he directed a team of ESA Mission Directors managing the Columbus laboratory delivery flight in February 2008 and the Columbus science activities thereafter.

He served as an Advisor to the Head of Director General's Cabinet at ESA's headquarters in Paris from 2011 to 2014, followed by a position at the European Astronaut Centre in Cologne, promoting the scientific achievements of the ESA research programme on the International Space Station.

In September 2015 he was appointed as Professor for Astronautics and Space Stations at the Institute of Space Systems (IRS) at the University of Stuttgart as the successor to Ernst Messerschmid.

title: Reinhold Ewald


text:
User talk:Gianluigi

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Italian comics
Hello Gianluigi. I saw you added a link on the List of comic creators page to Luciano Bottaro, and that you are the main author of the Italian page. Could you translate it in english, or a least the essential ?

Besides, we always need some text for the Italian comics. I know there is pretty much to say about this topics, but nobody is bold enough to start the page. If you feel like...

Last thing that might interst you, I wrote a page regarding an Italian author not present on the Italian wiki. It is Anna Brandoli.

Lvr 16:33, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

2005
Thanks for your greetings and happy new year for you too. Lvr 10:29, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gianluigi


text:
MaliVai Washington

MaliVai "Mal" Washington (born June 20, 1969) is an American former professional tennis player. He reached the men's singles final at Wimbledon in 1996, won four ATP titles and achieved a career-high singles ranking of world No. 11 in October 1992.

Family
Washington began playing tennis aged five. Washington's younger sister, Mashona, is also a former top-50 professional tennis player. His younger brother, Mashiska, received All-America honors at Michigan State University, before joining the men's professional tour. MaliVai's older sister Michaela also played professionally.

Amateur tennis
As a high school senior, Washington was coached by former ATP Tour participant Victor Amaya. For two seasons, Washington played tennis for the University of Michigan and was the top ranked college player in the United States at the end of his sophomore season. He left college two years into his studies to pursue a professional tennis career.

Professional career
Washington turned professional in 1989. In 1990, while ranked no. 103, he defeated world number 2 Ivan Lendl in New Haven (6–3, 6–2).

During his breakthrough year in 1992, Washington won the Memphis title (defeating seventh-seeded Wayne Ferreira in the final) and the U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships in Charlotte, North Carolina, winning the final against Claudio Mezzadri. He reached a career high ranking of 11 in October.

In 1993, Washington reached his first Masters final in Miami, losing to Pete Sampras in straight sets.

At the 1994 Australian Open, Washington reached his first Grand Slam quarterfinal, after a win over second-seeded Michael Stich in the first round and a five-set victory against Mats Wilander in the fourth round. He also had wins over Michael Chang and Stefan Edberg during the US Summer hard court season, and won his third ATP-title in Ostrava in October.

In 1995, he beat world no. 1 Andre Agassi in the third round of the Essen Masters on his way to the final (where he lost to Thomas Muster).

Washington's biggest success at a Grand Slam event came in 1996 when he was a runner-up at the Wimbledon Championships. On his way to the final he defeated ninth-seeded Thomas Enqvist in the second round, and came back from a 1–5 deficit in the fifth set of the semifinal to beat Todd Martin, finally winning 10–8. Before the tournament had started, his odds of winning the title were 300–1. He eventually lost the final to Richard Krajicek. He gained revenge against Krajicek in the Grand Slam Cup in October later that year, beating him for the loss of just three games (6–1, 6–2).

Washington suffered from a recurring knee injury from the beginning of 1997, causing him to miss most of the 1997 and 1999 seasons, and precipitating his retirement in December 1999.

Awards
In 2009 Washington won the ATP Arthur Ashe Humanitarian of the Year award, for his positive work through the MaliVai Washington Youth Foundation.

In 2015 Washington won the NJTL Founders' Service Award (The USTA's National Junior Tennis League), for his continued contribution since retirement to support education and tennis among children and young people (particularly those underprivileged).

Performance timeline
Singles * Washington withdrew prior to his second-round match at the 1998 Australian Open

title: MaliVai Washington


text:
Thomas Reiter

Thomas Arthur Reiter (born 23 May 1958 in Frankfurt, West Germany) is a retired European astronaut and is a Brigadier General in the German Air Force currently working as ESA Interagency Coordinator and Advisor to the Director General at the European Space Agency (ESA). He was one of the top 25 astronauts in terms of total time in space. With his wife and two sons he lives near Oldenburg in Lower Saxony.

Education
He graduated from Goethe-High School in Neu-Isenburg in 1977. In 1982, Reiter received his diploma in aerospace engineering from the Bundeswehr University Munich. In 2010 the university awarded him an honorary doctorate degree. He completed his training as a pilot in Germany and Texas.

Astronaut career
He served as an onboard engineer for the Euromir 95/Soyuz TM-22 mission to the Mir space station. During his 179 days aboard Mir, he carried out two EVAs and became the first German astronaut to perform a spacewalk.

Between 1996 and 1997, he underwent additional training on the Soyuz spacecraft and was awarded a "Soyuz Return Commander" certificate, qualifying him to command a three-person Soyuz crew during its return from space.

He trained for a six-month mission to the International Space Station (ISS) and was selected for the Space Shuttle Discovery STS-121 mission to join Expedition 13. The launch was initially scheduled for 1 July 2006, but was due to weather delays eventually conducted on 4 July 2006. Discovery then departed on 15 July, leaving Reiter on the ISS continuing to work on Expedition 13. He later became part of Expedition 14 before returning to Earth, again aboard Discovery during the STS-116 mission. Reiter returned after 171 days in space, therefore having been in orbit twice, each time for almost half a year.

His ISS mission was designated Astrolab by the European Space Agency.

On 8 August 2007 Thomas Reiter was named a member of DLR's executive board.

From 1 April 2011 to December 2015 he was Director of Human Spaceflight and Operations at the European Space Agency (ESA), responsible for all crewed and uncrewed mission operations. This included the operation and exploitation of the European International Space Station elements, ESA's Automated Transfer Vehicle, the responsibility for the European Astronaut Centre, EAC, and ESA's uncrewed missions and ground-based mission infrastructure. Today he is working as ESA Interagency Coordinator and Advisor to the Director General.

Honours and awards

 * Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (2007)
 * Bavarian Medal Europe (2008)
 * Honorary doctorate of the Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Bundeswehr University Munich (28 June 2010)
 * Order of Friendship (Russia, 1996)
 * Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (Russia, 12 April 2011) – for outstanding contribution to the development of international cooperation in crewed space flight
 * Honorary membership in the Danish Astronautical Society

title: Thomas Reiter


text:
Protarchaeopteryx

Protarchaeopteryx (meaning "before Archaeopteryx" although it is from the Cretaceous and Archaeopteryx is from the Jurassic) is a genus of turkey-sized feathered theropod dinosaur from China. Known from the Jianshangou bed of the Yixian Formation, it lived during the early Aptian age of the Early Cretaceous, approximately 124.6 million years ago. It was probably a herbivore or omnivore, although its hands were very similar to those of small carnivorous dinosaurs. It appears to be one of the most basal members of the Oviraptorosauria, closely related to Incisivosaurus, or a taxon slightly less closely related to birds than oviraptorosaurs were.

Description

The holotype and only known specimen of Protarchaeopteryx is NGMC 2125, a partial skeleton.

Protarchaeopteryx had long legs, and could have been a quick runner. It had well-developed, vaned feathers extended from a relatively short tail; the hands were long and slender, and had three fingers with sharp, curved claws. Its bones were hollow and bird-like, and it possessed a wishbone. At around 1 m in length, it would have been larger than Archaeopteryx. In 2016, Gregory S. Paul gave a lower estimate of 0.7 m in length and 1.6 kg in body mass. Protarchaeopteryx also had symmetrical feathers on its tail. Since modern birds that have symmetrical feathers are flightless, and the skeletal structure of Protarchaeopteryx would not support flapping flight, it is assumed that it was flightless as well. It has been suggested that it could have had an arboreal lifestyle, jumping from tree limbs and using its forelimbs for a form of parachuting.

title: Protarchaeopteryx


text:
Aleksandr Viktorenko

Aleksandr Stepanovich Viktorenko (Александр Степанович Викторенко; 29 March 1947 – 10 August 2023) was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut.

Viktorenko was selected as a cosmonaut on 23 March 1978 and retired on 30 May 1997. He was commander of Soyuz TM-3, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-14, and Soyuz TM-20. He spent a total of 489 days in space.

Aleksandr Viktorenko died on 10 August 2023, at the age of 76.

Honours and awards

 * Hero of the Soviet Union
 * Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd class (10 April 1995) for their courage and heroism displayed during prolonged space flight on the orbital scientific research complex Mir
 * Order of Friendship of Peoples (11 August 1992) for the successful implementation of long-duration space flight on the orbital station Mir and displaying courage and heroism
 * Order of Lenin
 * Order of the October Revolution (19 February 1990) for the successful implementation of spaceflight on the orbital scientific research complex Mir and displaying courage and heroism
 * Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (12 April 2011) for the great achievements in the field of research, development, and use of outer space, many years of diligent work, and public activities
 * Commander of the Legion of Honour (March 1999), previously an officer (1988)
 * Pilot-cosmonaut of the Soviet Union

title: Aleksandr Viktorenko


text: Category:Muscle cars

title: Category:Muscle cars


text:
Melissa Hart (politician)

Melissa Ann Hart (born April 4, 1962) is an American lawyer and politician. She was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2007, representing western Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. She was the first Republican woman to represent Pennsylvania at the federal level. Prior to her service in Congress, Hart served in the Pennsylvania Senate, where she chaired the finance committee. She was the first Republican woman elected to serve a full term in the Pennsylvania Senate in 1990 when she was 28 years old. In her first run for office, Hart defeated an incumbent in a senate district that included parts of Allegheny, Westmoreland and Armstrong counties. In the 2006 midterm elections, Hart lost her bid for re-election to Democrat Jason Altmire. She challenged Altmire again in the 2008 election, but was defeated again.

She was a candidate for Republican nomination in the 2022 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, but dropped out on May 13, four days before the primary election and endorsed Lou Barletta.

Early life and education
Hart is an Italian-American, born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She graduated from North Allegheny High School. While at Washington and Jefferson College, she earned a degree in business and German, intending to pursue a career in international business. While there, she and some friends founded the college's College Republicans club. After an internship with a local judge, she decided to attend law school.

She entered the University of Pittsburgh School of Law.

Career
After graduating from law school and being admitted to the bar, Hart joined a major Pittsburgh law firm, where she specialized in real estate law.

Hart has served on the Washington & Jefferson College Board of Trustees.

Hart was an active grassroots volunteer in her party in Western Pennsylvania from her days as a student at Washington & Jefferson College. She worked with other students to establish a College Republican Club on campus. The group was a reliable source for volunteers in Washington County where the party was in the minority in the early 1980s. It was there where Hart first learned the importance of grassroots politics, by door-knocking for candidates from District Attorney to Governor.

In November 2000, Hart was elected to the House of Representatives from the Fourth District of the State of Pennsylvania, winning an open seat previously held by a Democrat. She had served as a senator in the Pennsylvania Senate from 1991 to 2001. She was later appointed co-chair of the Platform Committee for the 2004 Republican National Convention.

She convened a task force to rename the Pittsburgh region’s highway system of I-279S/US-22/30W/PA-60N to extend and become a part of federal highway I-376. This initiative was researched and supported by local governments and the commonwealth as a tool to attract outside development to the region. This was supported by site selection professional who participated as well as the Southwest PA Regional Planning Commission.

Hart co-chaired the Republican Party platform of 2004. In 2005 she was appointed to the House Ways and Means Committee.

Hart played an active role in the race for majority leader in early 2006. As a top whip for the successful candidacy of Rep. John Boehner (R-OH), she worked to secure votes for him in the race. She was one of a handful of GOP members who called for a full set of new leadership elections for whip, conference chair, and other offices below the majority leader position, but that motion narrowly failed the day before the majority leader race. Had this motion passed, Hart may have challenged Rep. Deborah Pryce (R-OH) for House Republican Conference Chairman, the No. 4 leadership spot.

In December 2002, Hart was a candidate for Conference Vice-Chair, the No. 5 leadership spot, but lost to Jack Kingston (R-GA). In a 2002 PoliticsPA feature story designating politicians with yearbook superlatives, Hart was named amongst those "Most Likely to Succeed."

2006 election
As the 2006 campaign season approached, Hart's congressional seat was not considered vulnerable, and Hart was described in media accounts as a "rising star" in Republican politics, who had never lost an election and who had demonstrated a unique ability to appeal to non-conservative voters even while maintaining a generally conservative voting record. In late 2005, her predecessor in the House of Representatives, Democrat Ron Klink, publicly mulled over the possibility of challenging Hart for his old seat. However, in late December, Klink announced that he would not run. Jason Altmire, a 38-year-old health care executive and political unknown (and, by coincidence, a neighbor of Hart's brother), ultimately won the Democratic nomination for the seat.

For most of 2006, the Altmire campaign was viewed as a long shot, but as the campaign wound down his poll numbers surged and Hart's dropped. An October, a Susquehanna poll showed Hart with what was then a surprisingly narrow 46%–42% lead over Altmire. Altmire's continued to climb as Hart's stalled, and five days before the November 7, 2006 election, the Cook Political Report altered its rating of the race from "Likely Republican" to "Toss up."

On Election Day, Hart was defeated by a margin of 52%–48%.

Hart's loss was one component of a broad Republican meltdown in Pennsylvania. Senator Rick Santorum, who was at the top of the Republican ticket, lost his re-election bid by a very large margin. Pennsylvania also saw the defeat of three other incumbent Republican members of Congress. Democratic victories for the governor, and Democratic gains in the state House of Representatives also occurred that year.

Following the election, she returned to the law firm Keevican Weiss Bauerle & Hirsch, where she had worked before being elected to Congress. She returned to her specialization of "general practice and business development."

2008 election

Hart announced in July 2007 that she would run against Altmire in 2008. Despite speculation that retired athlete and former gubernatorial candidate Lynn Swann would run for the seat, Hart was unopposed for the Republican nomination. In the general election, she was again defeated by Altmire, this time by a much larger margin.

Later career
Following Hart’s departure from the House in 2007, she rejoined her law firm, Keevican Weiss Bauerle & Hirsch (now Keevican Weiss & Bauerle), where she worked to build and chair the government relations section. She later returned to her original law firm, Hergenroeder Rega Ewing & Kennedy in 2017 to work with a group of attorneys with whom she had begun her legal career. In 2018, Hart was elected to the Board of Directors of Enterprise Bank. Also in 2018, Hart co-founded, with Tim Watkins and her former House colleague, Thaddeus McCotter, a political strategy, creative, and media firm, RPC Strategies, LLC.

Hart sought to retake her state senate seat in a 2012 special election triggered when her successor, Jane Orie, was forced to resign after being convicted of corruption and forgery. However, she lost the Republican primary to state Representative Randy Vulakovich.

In December 2021, Hart announced her intent to run for governor of Pennsylvania in the 2022 Republican primary. She dropped out on May 13, 2022 and endorsed former Congressman Lou Barletta. Her name stilled appear on the ballot though and garnered 54,000 votes.

Personal life
Hart is Roman Catholic and holds anti-abortion views. She is opposed to federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. In January 2006, she addressed an anti-abortion rally in Washington, D.C., urging young people who oppose abortion to enter public service.

She has opposed abortions for rape and incest cases. She has sponsored laws to promote assistance to women and children such as safe haven laws which prevent mothers from being charged with abandonment when they bring their child to a safe place such as a hospital or police station to allow the child to be adopted.

title: Melissa Hart (politician)


text:
Mitch Leigh

Mitch Leigh (born Irwin Michnick; January 30, 1928 – March 16, 2014) was an American musical theatre composer and theatrical producer best known for the musical Man of La Mancha.

Early years
Leigh was born in Brooklyn, New York as Irwin Michnick. He graduated from Yale in 1951 with a Bachelor of Music, and in 1952 received his Master of Music under Paul Hindemith.

He began his career as a jazz musician, and writing commercials for radio and television. On the 1955 LP recording of Jean Shepherd Into the Unknown with Jazz Music, Leigh wrote the jazz interludes between radio broadcaster Jean Shepherd's improvisations.

Broadway
In 1965, Leigh collaborated with lyricist Joe Darion and writer Dale Wasserman to write a musical based on Wasserman's 1959 television play, I, Don Quixote. The resulting show, the musical Man of La Mancha opened on Broadway in 1965 and in its original engagement ran for 2,328 performances. It has been revived multiple times.

Leigh followed with the show Chu Chem, which he also produced, exactly a year after Man of La Mancha, but closed on the road. It finally opened on Broadway in 1989 but ran for only 68 performances.

Cry for Us All, based on the play, Hogan's Goat, opened on Broadway in 1970; it ran for only nine performances. Leigh was the producer as well as composer. His musical Home Sweet Homer, starring Yul Brynner, officially opened on Broadway in January 1976 but closed after one performance. He produced and wrote the music for Saravá which ran for 101 performances in 1979. Leigh both produced and directed the 1985 revival of The King and I starring Brynner featuring in his final performances as the King of Siam.

Lee Adams asked Leigh to collaborate on a musical titled Mike, about producer Mike Todd, but it closed during its pre-Broadway tryout in 1988. After renaming it Ain't Broadway Grand!, the show made it to Broadway in 1993, but lasted only 25 performances. He wrote the musical Halloween with Sidney Michaels, and although Barbara Cook and José Ferrer were in the cast, it did not reach Broadway.

Television
Leigh established Music Makers, Inc., in 1957 as a radio and television commercial production house and was its creative director. His television music included the instrumental music for the ABC Color Logo (1962–65); the TV commercial jingle "Nobody Doesn't Like Sara Lee"; the Meet the Swinger Polaroid Swinger commercial sung by Barry Manilow; and the Benson & Hedges theme "The Dis-Advantages of You," which reached the Top 40 for The Brass Ring in 1967  and was heard in a series of Benson & Hedges cigarette commercials at that time.

Academic legacy
In 1977, Leigh and others at the Yale School of Music established the Keith Wilson scholarship, to be awarded "to an outstanding major in wind instrument playing." A building in The School of Music at Yale University was named "Abby and Mitch Leigh Hall" in 2001.

Death
Leigh died in Manhattan on March 16, 2014, from natural causes at the age of 86.

Awards
Leigh won a Tony Award for composing the music for Man of La Mancha. He was also nominated for a Tony Award as the director of the 1985 revival of The King and I. He received the Contemporary Classics Award from the Songwriter's Hall of Fame for "The Impossible Dream".

title: Mitch Leigh