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George Aiken

George David Aiken (August 20, 1892 – November 19, 1984) was an American politician and horticulturist. A member of the Republican Party, he was the 64th governor of Vermont (1937–1941) before serving in the United States Senate for 34 years, from 1941 to 1975. At the time of his retirement, he was the most senior member of the Senate, a feat which would be repeated by his immediate successor Patrick Leahy.

As governor, Aiken battled the New Deal over its programs for hydroelectric power and flood control in Vermont. As a Northeastern Republican in the Senate, he was one of four Republican cosponsors of the Full Employment Act of 1946. Aiken sponsored the food allotment bill of 1945, which was a forerunner of the food stamp program. He promoted federal aid to education and sought to establish a minimum wage of 65 cents in 1947. Aiken was an isolationist in 1941 but supported the Truman Doctrine in 1947 and the Marshall Plan in 1948.

In the 1960s and 1970s, he steered a middle course on the Vietnam War, opposing Lyndon Johnson's escalation and supporting Richard Nixon's slow withdrawal policies. Aiken was a strong supporter of the small farmer. As acting chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee in 1947, he opposed high rigid price supports. He had to compromise, however, and the Hope-Aiken Act of 1948 introduced a sliding scale of price supports. In 1950, Aiken was one of seven Republican senators who denounced in writing the tactics of Senator Joseph McCarthy, warning against those who sought "victory through the selfish political exploitation of fear, bigotry, ignorance and intolerance."

Early life
George David Aiken was born in Dummerston, Vermont, to Edward Webster and Myra (née Cook) Aiken. In 1893, he and his parents moved to Putney, where his parents grew fruits and vegetables and his father served in local offices including school board member, select board member, and member of the Vermont House of Representatives. Aiken received his early education in the public schools of Putney, and graduated from Brattleboro High School in 1909. Aiken developed a strong interest in agriculture at an early age, and became a member of the Putney branch of the Grange in 1906. In 1912, he borrowed $100 to plant a patch of raspberries; within five years, his plantings grew to five hundred acres and included a nursery. From 1913 to 1917, Aiken grew small fruits in Putney with George M. Darrow as "Darrow & Aiken." In 1926, Aiken became engaged in the commercial cultivation of wildflowers. He published Pioneering With Wildflowers in 1933 and Pioneering With Fruits and Berries in 1936. He also served as president of the Vermont Horticultural Society (1917–1918) and of the Windham County Farm Bureau (1935–1936).

In 1914, Aiken married Beatrice Howard, to whom he remained married until her death in 1966. The couple had three daughters, Dorothy Howard, Marjorie Evelyn (who married Harry Cleverly), and Barbara Marion; and one son, Howard Russell. In 1967 Aiken married his longtime administrative assistant, Lola Pierotti. Lola Aiken remained active in Republican politics until her death in 2014 at age 102.

Early political career
Aiken served as a school board member in Putney from 1920 to 1937. A Republican, he unsuccessfully ran for the Vermont House of Representatives in 1922. In 1930, he ran successfully. He was reelected in 1932 and served from 1931 to 1935. As a state representative, he became known for his opposition to private power companies over the issue of dam construction. Aiken was elected as Speaker of the House in 1933, over the opposition of the Republican establishment. As Speaker, he shepherded the passage of the Poor Debtor Law, which protected people who could not pay their obligations during the Great Depression.

In 1934, Aiken won election as Lieutenant Governor of Vermont. During his 1935 to 1937 term, Democrats had achieved more representation in the Vermont Senate than they had previously, though with only seven senators as compared to 23 Republicans, they were still heavily in the minority. Aiken used his position on the senate's Committee on Committees — the lieutenant governor, President pro tempore of the Vermont Senate, and a senator elected by the rest of the body — to ensure that Democrats were fairly represented on the senate's committees. As a result of Aiken's initiative, Democrats were represented on almost every committee, and constituted a majority on two. In addition, Aiken ensured that Elsie C. Smith, the state senate's only female member, was fairly considered with respect to committee assignments; in fact, Senator Smith was appointed to more committees than any of her peers.

Governor of Vermont
In 1936, Aiken won election as governor, serving from 1937 to 1941. Aiken earned a reputation as a moderate to liberal Republican, supporting many aspects of the New Deal, but opposing its flood control and land policies. In his second term the governor launched attacks on electric utility companies, and sponsored a bill that made the Public Service Commission independent of the utilities for technical advice. To continue the effort to form a consumer-oriented PSC, he named the former head of the Vermont Farm Bureau as its chairman.

When only Vermont and Maine voted Republican in the 1936 presidential election, Aiken thought he was in a good position to exert national leadership in the GOP. He issued manifestos calling for a more liberal approach and sought national support. He wrote an open letter to the Republican National Committee in 1937 criticizing the party and claimed Abraham Lincoln "would be ashamed of his party's leadership today" during a 1938 Lincoln Day address. During the 1940 presidential campaign, however, conservative Republicans favored Senator Robert Taft of Ohio, liberals were behind New York County District Attorney Thomas Dewey, and the media was enthusiastic for Wall Street tycoon Wendell Willkie, so Aiken's nascent campaign went nowhere.

During his administration, Aiken reduced the state's debt, instituted a "pay-as-you-go" road-building program, and convinced the federal government to abandon its plan to control the Connecticut River Valley flood reduction projects. He also broke the monopolies of many major industries, including banks, railroads, marble companies, and granite companies. He also encouraged suffering farmers in rural Vermont to form co-ops to market their crops and get access to electricity.

He portrayed himself in populist terms as the defender of farmers and "common folk" against the Proctor family and other members of the conservative Republican establishment, and with Ernest W. Gibson and Ernest W. Gibson Jr. became recognized as a leader of Vermont's progressive Republicans, which came to be known as the party's Aiken-Gibson Wing. Aiken was also an opponent of the policies of Vermont's large utilities and railroads; when Aiken ran for the U.S. Senate in 1940, the pro-business wing of the party endorsed Ralph Flanders. Aiken defeated Flanders in the GOP Senate primary in 1940 and was easily elected that fall to complete the remainder of Gibson's term. He served until 1975, and was always reelected by large majorities.

U.S. Senate
Senator Ernest Willard Gibson died on June 20, 1940; on June 24, 1940, Aiken appointed Ernest W. Gibson Jr. to fill the vacancy pending a special election for the four years remaining on the senior Gibson's term. The younger Gibson served as a caretaker Senator until January 3, 1941, but did not run in the election to fill the vacancy. He was succeeded by Aiken, who won the special election. Political observers assumed that the younger Gibson accepted the temporary appointment to facilitate Aiken's election; knowing that Aiken desired to become a senator, he accepted the appointment and agreed not to run in a primary against Aiken, which another appointee might have done. Ernest Gibson Jr. was willing to fill the vacancy temporarily and then defer to Aiken because Gibson hoped to serve as governor. Aiken was elected on November 5, 1940, and took his seat in January, 1941. He was re-elected in 1944, 1950, 1956, 1962, and 1968. During his time in the Senate, he served in a number of leadership roles including chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in Executive Departments in the 80th Congress and the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry in the 83rd Congress.

He was a proponent of many spending programs such as Food Stamps and public works projects for rural America, such as rural electrification, flood control and crop insurance. He also had a great affection for the natural beauty of his home state, saying "some folks just naturally love the mountains, and like to live up among them where freedom of thought and action is logical and inherent." His views were at odds with those of many Old Guard Republicans in the Senate.

The role of labor unions, or more exactly the federal role in balancing the rights of labor and management, was a central issue in the 1940s. Aiken stood midway between the pro-union Democrats and the pro-management Republicans. He favored settling labor disputes by negotiation, not in Congress and courts. He voted against the stringent Case labor bill promoted by conservative Republicans. They in turn blocked Aiken's appointment to the Labor and Public Welfare Committee and persuaded conservative leader Robert A. Taft to chair it. Aiken spoke out in favor of unions but voted for Taft's Taft Hartley Act of 1947, and for overriding President Truman's veto. He argued that it was a lesser evil than the Case bill.

Aiken voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1964, and 1968, as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the U.S. Supreme Court, while Aiken did not vote on the Civil Rights Act of 1960. At first he supported civil rights but by the 1960s he took a more ambiguous position. He consistently favored civil rights legislation, from the Civil Rights Act of 1957 to the Voting Rights Act of 1965, but usually with important qualifications and amendments. This ambiguity, which some called obstructionism, was criticized by militant civil rights groups and the NAACP.

Aiken took an ambivalent position on the Vietnam War (1965–1975), changing along with the Vermont mood. Neither a hawk nor a dove, he was sometimes called an "owl." He reluctantly supported the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution of 1964 and was more enthusiastic in support of Nixon's program of letting South Vietnam do the fighting using American money. Aiken is widely quoted as saying that the U.S. should declare victory and bring the troops home. His actual statement was:
 * "The United States could well declare unilaterally ... that we have 'won' in the sense that our armed forces are in control of most of the field and no potential enemy is in a position to establish its authority over South Vietnam," and that such a declaration "would herald the resumption of political warfare as the dominant theme in Vietnam."

He added: "It may be a far-fetched proposal, but nothing else has worked."

His base in Vermont was solid; he spent only $17.09 on his last reelection bid. A north-south avenue on the west side of the public lawn at the Vermont State House has been named for him. He left office in 1975, succeeded by the first Democrat to represent Vermont in the Senate, Patrick Leahy. Leahy went on to become the Dean of the Senate, the title Aiken possessed when he left the chamber. Aiken and Leahy held the same Senate seat for more than 80 years combined, making them the back-to-back pair of Senators to hold the same seat for the longest. When Leahy retired at the end of the 117th Congress in January 2023, the two had held Vermont's Class 3 seat for a combined 81 years, 11 months, and 24 days.

Retirement and death
Aiken did not run for reelection in 1974. He resided in Putney until mid-1984, when his health began to fail and he moved to a nursing home in Montpelier. He died in Montpelier on November 19, 1984, and was buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Putney.

Bernie Sanders, who had interviewed Aiken for the Vermont Life magazine in 1973, said of him in 2006: "I can’t say I have based my political work on his, but Aiken has always been a name and a person I’ve respected and admired. What I liked about him and what made him successful was his straightforwardness, his common sense, his down to earth-ness. He was clearly a man of the people.”

title: George Aiken


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Talk:Murder of Lori Hacking

Check facts
You better check your facts on this story - you are the only one reporting a July 21st disappearance. And you need to work on your math skills - a 27 year old woman would not have been born in 1967!

- When I was in law school, we did a visit to the Utah CSI, and they told us that when they found her, what they actually found was the rug. Inside, all they found of her was 2 teeth, and a piece of bone from her shoulder that was about the size of a quarter. But DNA showed that it was her. Apparently, the city dump uses a bacterial agent to enliven the soil and assist in the breaking down of the refuse that is dumped there. It broke her body down so fast that, if they had waited even another week, her remains would have been completely gone, and Mark probably would have walked, since there would have been no evidence left to find. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 223.194.196.116 (talk) 23:38, 28 September 2023 (UTC)

wait a bit?
This is the stuff of breaking news, not an enyclopedia article --1pezguy 04:57, Jul 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * It is notable because "Lori's Law" was enacted as a result of the crime that took her life. "It increases the minimum penalty for a person convicted of first degree murder in Utah to fifteen years to life." Greenw47 15:15, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

The news says she is 34. ASs far as it being encyclopedic or not, shes in the news, the article is encyclopedic. This is a FREE encyclopedia, so as long as we play by the rules and stay out of writing our opinions, we can write about anything, proven that that person or item is noted enough to be included. "Antonio Still in love with Tempestt Bledsoe Martin"

 * The news I see says she is 27. That means she was born in 1976 or 1977. Gzornenplatz 06:03, Jul 27, 2004 (UTC)

Is this article really warranted? There are thousands of murder victims nationwide, why are we singling this one out? It made local news (Utah), maybe even regional news and changed a law in Utah. Otherwise this is just a regular article. Cubbieco 20:15, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Say a prayer
I know the Soares' from when they lived in California in the 70's. Lori was a very sweet girl and her family very respectable. No one should ever have to live through such a terrible ordeal of a missing child. Lori,Thelma, Harold, Paul, My thoughts and prayers are with you completely. I know California is far away but I will heed your request and keep my eyes open for her. God bless you all ... Love Reina Larson(Aguilar)
 * The above is an unsigned comment by the IP address 204.17.16.253 (talk) (contribs). I do not know if this is a shared IP address or not, but I know that someone at that IP address has vandalised Wikipedia in the past. See the IP's talk page. --Unforgettableid | talk to me 15:42, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

Is Lori half spanish? if so, which one of her parents has the latin roots.
No. To begin with, she's adopted. And secondly, her adoptive parents are Portuguese, not Spanish. RickK 05:24, Aug 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * Lori is 1st ADOPTED by Thelma Soares (a native of Utah) and Herald (Heraldo) Soares a native of Sao Paulo State, Town of Piracicaba, in Brazil. Thelma and Herald Soares met while both were missionaries in Rio de Janeiro.  Paul Soares (b. 1968) who is also adopted is eight years older than Lori.  Lori was born in 1976 and according to Herald's brother, Edir (nickname: Dico) who is a college recruiter for Athletes for Sao Paulo State Universities, and his sister Helena (who also adopted a child named Claudia), Lori's birth mother was a national of Mexico. Her birth father is believed to be a white American.   Lori and Paul went annually to spend their summer vacations with Herald's family in Brazil.(note: while it is summer in the USA, it is winter in Sao Paulo State so this must have been hard on the kids!)   Thelma, though she felt it was important for the kids to know about Brazilian language and culture, felt the money spent on plane tickets to Brazil annually could be put to better use.  This drove a wedge between Lori's parents.  Finally in 1985 Herald, a teacher at Sunny Hills High School in Fullerton, CA, had an affair with Jana Johnson, a student teacher 30 years his junior.  She became pregnant and miscarried.  Thelma divorced Herald and relocated to Orem, Utah.  Herald was also ex-communicated from the LDS church but was allowed to be re-baptized at a later date.  Jana and Herald married in 1988 and they had a biological son named Braz (named after Herald's aged father) in May of 1989.  They also had a biological daughter in 1991.  Herald and Jana Johnson Soares remain married after twenty years and their age difference, etc.  Herald assisted Thelma with surgery that she needed in 1996 (which took place at the now defunct FHP Hospital in South Salt Lake, UT.) and the former couple agreed to be friendly towards one another.

 * Mark, the son of a well-known LDS pediatrician in Orem, was kicked out of his mission for the LDS Church for being mentally unstable.  What is not too firmly noted in this article is that Mark lied to his own parents and siblings plus all the Soares family about being enrolled at the University of Utah while in fact he was only enrolled there briefly and had not even come close to acheiving an undergraduate degree!  Mark pretended for over four years to be attending the University while in fact he was not attending and allowing Lori and his parents to support him! Mark, after changing his plea to guilty, stated that living up to his parents' (his father went to U of U med school, etc.) expectations was too great a pressure to live up to!   Furthemore, Mark used to bring to Thelma, who is a former English Teacher (now works for the LDS Foundation), fraudulent English 100 - 250 level homework to reiterate the family's belief that he was enrolled in university studies.  Mark further flew to New York and stayed with the Soares' cousin in Manhattan to appear to be interviewing with Columbia Medical School.  Mark traveled to many other cities to appear to be interviewing at med schools.  He gave a bogus reason why he did not walk at graduation and led his wife and her family along with his family to believe that not only had he graduated from the U of U but had been accepted into Univ of NC at Chapel Hill's Med program! It is clearly accepted that Lori was killed by a vengeful Mark when she realized his lies and confronted him. He then cut her up and disposed of her remains in various dumpsters.  It was many weeks before any remains were found and identified!  Her body had decomposed to the point that her pregnancy could not be confirmed.

 * A further note: "filhinha" is a PORTUGUESE word not a Spanish word and in Brazil, the national language is PORTUGUESE NOT SPANISH!!!!!!!!! Roz Lipschitz (talk) 06:10, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
 * While "Filhinha" means "little daughter" most English-speakers would not comprehend the cultural aspects of this word. It is used endearingly to describe affection for a female friend or family member quite losely. On the other hands the word in Brazil is also sometimes used with sarcasm! Sister Makemore (talk) 18:36, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

Requested Move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Armbrust The Homunculus 09:58, 2 May 2014 (UTC)

Lori Hacking → Murder of Lori Hacking – The victim is not notable, the murder case as a whole is and to be consistent with other notable murder cases like Murder of Laci Peterson, Murder of Stephen Lawrence, and Murder of Lee Rigby 67.87.211.90 (talk) 13:09, 25 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Support, the article deals only with the murder, not with any other aspect of Hacking's entire life. J I P  | Talk 14:43, 25 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Support for consistency with other articles of this type. bd2412  T 17:10, 25 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Support: The murder is the notable topic here (WP:BIO1E and WP:CRIME). —BarrelProof (talk) 23:09, 25 April 2014 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Murder of Lori Hacking


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John Hemming (explorer)

John Henry Hemming (born January 5, 1935) is a historian, explorer, and expert on the Incas and indigenous peoples of the Amazon basin.

Early life and education
Hemming, was born in Vancouver on 5 January 1935. His father, Henry Harold Hemming, served in the First World War and was wary of a Second World War on the horizon. As a result, he sent John's mother, journalist Alice Hemming, to Canada by way of the Panama Canal. John and his sister Louisa were brought back to London when he was two months old. He was educated in the United Kingdom at Eton College, in Canada at McGill University, and earned a doctorate at Oxford. He also became an honorary fellow of Magdalen College.

Career
In 1961, with fellow Oxford graduates Richard Mason and Kit Lambert, he was part of the Iriri River Expedition into unexplored country in central Brazil. The Brazilian mapping agency, IBGE, sent a three-man survey team to help map these unknown forests and rivers and gave the Expedition permission to name features it found. However, after four months, an unknown indigenous people found the group's trail, laid an ambush, and killed Richard Mason with arrows and clubs. Mason was the last Englishman ever to be killed by a totally unknown and uncontacted tribe. His body was carried out and buried in the British cemetery in Rio de Janeiro. The tribe was contacted in 1973, and was called Panará: Hemming visited them in 1998.

His first book, The Conquest of the Incas, was published in 1970 and is still in print with two revisions. It won the Robert Pitman Literary Prize and the Christopher Award in New York. Hemming had spent the year 1960 travelling to every part of Peru, was for years chairman of the Anglo-Peruvian Society, and has been awarded Peru's two highest civilian honours: El Sol del Peru ('The Sun of Peru', South America's oldest order of chivalry) and the Grand Cross of the Orden al Merito Publico (Order of Merit). He has also written, with the American photographer Edward Ranney, an account of Inca architecture of Peru, Monuments of the Incas, reissued in a revised edition in 2010. Among those whom he inspired and befriended is Vince Lee, a fellow Andean explorer and writer.

His experience on the Iriri River expedition led to a heightened interest in Brazilian indigenous peoples. On various expeditions he visited 45 tribes throughout Brazil – four of them (Surui, Parakana, Asurini and Galera Nambikwara) at the time that Brazilian teams made the first-ever face-to-face contact. Over the following 26 years he completed a three-volume history of the indigenous peoples and exploration of the Brazilian Amazonia: Red Gold (1978), which covers the period of 1500–1760; Amazon Frontier (1985), covering the period of 1760–1910; and Die If You Must (2004), which describes their changes during the 20th century. The three volumes add up to over 2,100 pages.

In 1975, John Hemming became director and secretary of the Royal Geographical Society, a post he held until 1996. He personally led the Maracá Rainforest Project in Brazil (1987–88) which, with 200 scientists and scientific technicians, became the largest research project in Amazonia organised by any European country – in partnership with Brazilian researchers from INPA (Amazon Research Institute) and [SEMA environment agency. Hemming was awarded the RGS's Founder's Medal in recognition of his work on the Maracá project, as well as the Brazilian Ordem do Cruzeiro do Sul (Order of the Southern Cross) and medals from the Royal Scottish Geographical Society and the Boston Museum of Science (Bradford Washburn Medal).

In April 2008 his book, Tree of Rivers: The Story of the Amazon, was published by Thames and Hudson. It was described by Hugh Thomson in the Daily Telegraph as a book that "will stand as the definitive single-volume work on the subject." Another notable book was ''Naturalists in Paradise. Wallace, Bates and Spruce in the Amazon'' (2015).

Personal life
In 1979, John Hemming married Susan (Sukie) Babington Smith, daughter of Michael Babington Smith and granddaughter of Sir Henry Babington Smith. She worked for many years in The National Trust, became Director of Development and then Director of Corporate Affairs at the British Museum, and on retirement a trustee of English Heritage. She is the great-granddaughter of 9th Earl of Elgin on her father's side and the great-great-granddaughter of the 4th Earl of Clanwilliam on her mother's side. They have two children: publisher Beatrice (born 1981) and writer Henry Hemming.

Honours
In the 1994 New Year Honours, Hemming was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) by the British government. In August 2018, he was awarded the President's Medal of the British Academy "for his work in the field of the colonial history and ethnography of Brazil and Peru, and the promotion of the protection of endangered societies".

title: John Hemming (explorer)


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SNI

SNI may refer to:

Science and technology

 * Substitution nucleophilic internal, a chemistry reaction mechanism
 * Swedish Standard Industrial Classification, a Swedish economic classification system
 * Server Name Indication, an extension to the TLS computer networking protocol

Companies

 * Scripps Networks Interactive, a media company
 * Showtime Networks Inc., an American cable network company
 * Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme, a former computer hardware company
 * Société Nationale d'Investissement, a Moroccan conglomerate
 * Sports Network Incorporated, a former American media company

Organizations

 * National Information Service (Brazil), or Serviço Nacional de Informações, the former name of the Brazilian Intelligence Agency
 * Shelter Now International, a Christian foreign aid organization, based in Germany and historically focused on Pakistan and Afghanistan
 * Sistema Nacional de Investigadores, a Mexican government agency
 * Soviet Naval Infantry
 * Swiss Nanoscience Institute

Other uses

 * Standar Nasional Indonesia (Indonesian National Standard), formulated by the National Standardization Agency

title: SNI