text:
Talk:Edelweiss Pirates

Activities
Did they have some ideology or just was having fun together? Music? Drinking? Were they engaged in what we would call crime? (Certainly they ware criminal for Nazi standards, I mean thievery, vandalism). Were they living at their parents' or were they street children?

Here are some links that might be useful: http://www.shoahproject.org/widerstand/kids/shkids4.htm
 * this one seems the most valuable one; it contains the reports made by the Edelweiss Pirates about their activities, which included saving Jews, forced laborers, deserters from the nazi German army, and some other people who were persecuted by the nazi regime. they (Edelweisspiraten) also spread the news about the successes of the Allies in the WWII, to show their fellow Germans the nonsense of further fighting.

http://www.museenkoeln.de/ausstellungen/nsd_0404_edelweiss/
 * the site of the Museum is a real treasury of information on everything surrounding Edelweiss Pirates and the youth culture in the times of WWII in Germany (including the lyrics to the Edelweisspiraten songs)

http://www.palladiofilm.de/palladio/englisch/proj-01-02-e.htm
 * this one refers to the film, but it also contains valuable info

http://www.heise.de/tp/r4/artikel/16/16030/1.html
 * this one is a press article

http://www.aussichten-online.de/edelweisspiraten.html
 * this one is a press article, too

http://www.kino-zeit.de/filme/artikel/3519_edelweispiraten.html
 * this is an article about the movie and the real history behind it

http://www.countryjoe.com/wwwboard/messages/955.html
 * this is just the song that was quoted on the wikipedia

http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/marxism/2005w06/msg00286.htm
 * references to the book titled 'Inside nazi German' and includes the full version (??) of the Navajo song.

At first they started as a protest against the HJ, but later they also started to sabotage NS installations (very small actions of course). Some groups also attacked HJ leaders, as far as I know a dozen HJ leaders were killed by the Pirates. (infos taken from the german article)

 * The movie is very far from the real events.
 * The German article doesn't mention any killed HJ-leaders. The number of 12 was given by the Gestapo in 1945, is exaggerated by far (to justify the harsh measures) and includes policemen and so on. Scholars discuss between 3 and 5 murders done by former Edelweißpirates.
 * Only two of the above links are mentioned in the German article.
 * What's your game? --jergen 16:43, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Name
As it was an organization, I am not sure if the redirect should not be the other way round (Edelweiss Pirates --> Edelweißpiraten).? At the German version, there was information about the date of the hanging of Barthel Schink that conflicted with what we had here. Get-back-world-respect 09:11, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Please update this subversive page the 12 or 13 persons were hung only as a direct result of the murder of the head of Cologne Police – before that the group was viewed as nothing more than a minor threat - considering the war time environment and the year what would the result be in any country? - Kolin.
 * subversive page? speaking about the nazi atrocities is 'subversive'? the anti-nazi activity that costed life of the noble people is 'subversive'? wikipedia is not a place for the nazi apology, and I smell some in your statement (though I may be wrong). Remember, that apologizing nazis is a criminal offense in lots of countries (including Poland where I live, 3 years in prison for 'publicly aplauding fascism, nazism or other totalitarian regime'). And the doctrine of Polish law against hate speech is so, that if one utters something in his country, and the message reaches Poland, he (or she) may be liable for committing the crime and may be pursued at any entry to our country, eg. at the airport Critto

P.s – to find this info you may have to venture off the net conveniently since the group has been “honored” in form of a profitable Money making movie it is very hard to find out just exactly who they killed, to test this do a search.

Sorry for barging in here. I am from Cologne, and I find it mindblowing that someone should see this page as 'subversive'. No- it is not hard to find out who they killed. That happened to be a local Kreisleiter who was getting a little too close for comfort. But they were convicted for stealing food-coupons, quite and simply. Their relatives have been fighting for years to have the convictions quashed as unlawful, and to have them recognised as victims of the Nazi-regime (which is exactly what they were). Those, my dear friends, were people with more backbone than you will ever be able to imagine. The court in Cologne however decided to reject the motion on the grounds that "stealing from the German Nation" back then was a viable reason for execution, since that was the law. It seems to have escaped this bigotted fly-brained bunch of robe-wearing clowns that there were quite a few things which were "the law" back then. There was a German Soldier back then who wrote after the war: "It took me years before I finally figured out that the only duty I had against the Fatherland in this war was to loose it as fast as I could". And- believe it or not: That makes him a real patriot. The Edelweisspiraten, by the way, were not the only ones. In 1938, there was a woman in Ehrenfeld, who received an anonymous Phonecall, telling her that the SA would carry out a raid the following morning to arrest the jews in that place. So- the following morning, the SA were greetet by several hundred women armed with anything from broomhandles to castiron frying-pans. Not one jew was arrested- but the "reception" landed dozens of SA- Stormtroopers in hospital, and at least one of them in the morgue. And you know something? It was a great pity that there were not many more SA- Stormtroopers who got their faces re-arranged. Because- in case the person above did not notice: these people were the filth of the earth. As for the Edelweisspirates- the only "honouring" they received was a bronze plaque put up near the bloody railway-bridge were they got hanged, and that was put up by their relatives. I am speaking as someone whose grandfather had every rib, both arms and all of his teeth broken by these bastards. Therefore, I claim a godgiven right to speak forcefully. I hope you catch my drift...213.94.183.206 02:36, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

PS: Needless to say that the women mentioned above were arrested, one by one, by the very police the abovementioned person seems so concerned about, over the course of the next few weeks following the incident. Not one of them was ever seen again.213.94.183.206 02:41, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

I have to correct myself- I just found out that the Edelweisspiraten were in fact finally recognised as resistance-fighters by the authorities--in 2005. Better late then never. As for the guy who got killed- he was a Gestapo-informant. The story back when I was still living in Cologne was always that he had been a Kreisleiter- or so it goes. Anyways, I got that wrong, so I hereby correct myself.159.134.96.23 23:07, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Please sign your contributions.
 * Do you have any reliable sources for your statement (except a Google-it-yourself)?
 * Main subject of the article is the subculture, not the Ehrenfelder Gruppe. Please start a new article, if you want to describe this group.
 * you fill find some info about their lifestyle in the articles I provided a section above
 * As the article states, only some members of the Ehrenfelder Gruppe were former Edelweiß Pirates. This group killed some people - but surely not the head of the Cologne police. Please read also de:Ehrenfelder Gruppe. --jergen 16:46, 22 November 2005 (UTC)
 * "some people" included the nazi officials and nazi activists, don't speak about them as if they were innocent, anonymous 'people' Critto

 * The three known people killed by the Ehrenfelder Gruppe are a police officer (no member of the Gestapo), an youth member of the Hitler Youth and one Stormtrooper. None of them ranked high in his organization. Afterwards they attacked innocent passing-by people out of a car. This amok-driving was repeated in the next days.
 * well, it happened after the police arrested few of their (Ehrenfelder Gruppe) comrades, including Jews (Jewesses) they hid and a Wehrmacht deserter. Some of killings happened at the failed attempt to free those prisoners (there was a more or less regular shootout between the two parties).
 * Also, the police found the arsenal of weapons that the Ehrenfelder Gruppe stored to combat the nazis (AFAIK they even had a plan to blow up the Gestapo Headquarters (eLDe Haus) in Cologne) and stationed in the neighborhood to stop Ehrenfelders (Ehrenfelder Gruppe) from taking it back. Therefore, there's nothing strange or unusual in the fact that Ehrenfelders shoot the police members: it was war and all people working for the nazi structures were the enemies of the Ehrenfelder Gruppe. Their rank had nothing to do here. All partisans at war shoot their enemies, especially if the foes discover and/or arrest some of them, endanger their actions or confiscate their equipment. The Ehrenfelder Gruppe was the militant group of people (not the peaceful movement as White Rose Society that fought their own war against Hitler and could be called rebels or partisans, and even compared to other militant, anti-nazi resitance movements as Polish Armia Krajowa (Home Army). There was nothing 'amok-like' in it, just a warfare. Critto
 * Strangely, no reputable German scholars call the Ehrenfeld Group a "resitance movement" - but your recount of the historical inaccurate movie is a good one.

There is nothing strange about it. Further above you'll find a story about women in Ehrenfeld, who fought the SA in the Streets. You won't find much about that, either. The 'reputable' German scholars are in that respect in one boat with the 'reputable' City-councillors of Cologne. Some years ago, there was an artist in Cologne who createt the same graffiti on walls around Cologne, depicting that incident- that's how I learned about it. Whenever the graffiti was finished, the Councillors had it removed: NOT because it's graffiti, but because- and I quote: "...This kind of thing is too embarrassing; History should not be rememberred for things like that..." ...Instead, we have been expected to accept Graf Stauffenberg as a man of "resistance", because that fits the bill better then common people. And were would we get, if just anyone decides to "resist" the might of the state? So- even IF the officers around Stauffenberg waited until it was blatantly obvious to anyone with brains to speak of that this war was lost, and that only a partial truce with the western allies would possibly prevent the Russians from occupying a part of Germany-- it seems a strangely more comfortable position than to have to grudgingly admit that people DO have the right- and one that is beyond any laws, and is even more than a right a DUTY- to resist a brutal and destructive regime. Even- and especially- if it happens to be their own government.213.94.183.206 03:07, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
 * You should be (and probably are) aware, that it is a disputable, highly-politicised issue with no NPOV solution. In 2005 the Ehrenfelder Gruppe members were honored on the memorial in Cologne as 'resistance fighters against war and terror'. As for me, the facts are simple: they resisted against the nazi regime and hid Jews, so they constituted the Resistance group, whether it is officially acknowledged or not. And I don't need the acceptance of scholars to make a moral judgement based on the plain facts. Also, using Polish legal and historical assessments, all militant and non-militant actions against the nazi regime (including the acts I mentioned and also eg. industrial sabotage, eg. destroying the tools and machines used in factories, especially when committed by the forced laborers) taken for whatever reason _were_ the actions of the resistance that are commended by the Polish state, so in Poland the Ehrenfelder Gruppe would be probably given the same credit the Polish resistance movements are. Critto
 * Also, the amok-like behaviour is well documented. (cf. Wilfried Breyvogel (Hrsg.): Piraten, Swings und Junge Garde; Bernd-A. Rusinek: Gesellschaft in der Katastrophe.) --jergen 13:59, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I must ask you to read the German articles on this matter since they are far more accurate than the English ones. --jergen 16:19, 16 January 2006 (UTC)

Naming
Should the group be named Edelweiss Pirates or Edelweißpiraten in the article itself? Since it was mostly in German, I've converted the few English instances for now, but I vote to switch the Pirates to all English. Clarityfiend (talk) 08:08, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

Improved translation of "Navajos" song, but fourth line still needs work
I've redone the translation of the Navajos song to improve its literal accuracy while preserving (and, I hope, improving) conformity to the original's meter and rhyme scheme. I'm having some trouble, however, with the second and fourth lines, whose literal translations are "we still lie in chains" and "we are about to break the chains [grammatically 'we will break the chains in the immediate future']": It's hard to find a rhyming match between the second and fourth lines that preserves literal accuracy, so I've kept the second line literally accurate and gotten the fourth fairly close, supplying a fully literal translation (and moving the rhyme- and meter-preserving translation to gold to complete the black-red-gold, anti-Nazi-black-white-red color scheme). Improvements are welcome. Antediluvian67 (talk) 16:16, 11 September 2016 (UTC)

Sounds like just a normal (criminal) youth gang.
So they stole food coupons (valuable, undoubtedly) attacked and beat up refugees (displaced persons) and assaulted women going out with allied soldiers? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.38.141.202 (talk) 15:50, 7 November 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Edelweiss Pirates


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Fort Boyard (fortification)

Fort Boyard is a fort located between the Île-d'Aix and the Île d'Oléron in the Pertuis d'Antioche straits, on the west coast of France. Though a fort on Boyard bank was suggested as early as the 17th century, it was not until the 1800s under Napoleon Bonaparte that work began. Building started in 1801 and was completed in 1857. In 1967, the final scene of the French film Les aventuriers was filmed at the remains of the fort. Since 1990, it is the filming location for the eponymous TV game show.

Layout
Fort Boyard is stadium-shaped, 68 m long and 31 m wide. The walls were built 20 m high. At the centre is a yard, and the ground floor provided stores and quarters for the men and officers. The floor above contained casemates for the emplacements of guns and further quarters. Above that were facilities for barbette guns and mortars.

History
The construction of the fort was first considered during a build-up of the French armed forces undertaken by Louis XIV between 1661 and 1667. Fort Boyard was to form a line of fortification with Fort Enet and Fort de la Rade on Île-d'Aix to protect the arsenal of Rochefort from Royal Navy incursions. With the limited range of artillery in the 17th century, there was an unprotected gap between the fields of fire of the fortifications on the islands of Aix and Oléron; a fort on Boyard bank, roughly midway between the two, would have filled that gap. In 1692 the French engineer Descombs began planning the programme of building the fort; however, once it became clear how expensive it would be the scheme was abandoned. Vauban, Louis XIV's leading military engineer, famously advised against it, saying "Your Majesty, it would be easier to seize the moon with your teeth than to attempt such an undertaking in such a place".

After a British raid on Île-d'Aix in 1757, plans for a fort on Boyard bank were once again considered. Though plans were drawn up, it was abandoned again due to the logistical problems. Efforts were renewed under Napoleon Bonaparte in 1800, and the following year engineers Ferregeau and Armand Samuel de Marescot, and Vice-Admiral François Étienne de Rosily-Mesros designed a fort to be built on the bank. To facilitate the work, a port was established on île d'Oléron. The village of Boyardville was built for the workers. The first stage of construction was to establish a plateau, some 100 by, to act as foundation. To this end, stones were piled up on the bank.

The project was suspended in 1809. Construction resumed in 1837, under Louis-Philippe, following renewed tensions with the United Kingdom. The fortifications were completed in 1857, with sufficient room for a garrison of 250 men; however, by this time the range of cannons had significantly increased, covering the hitherto unprotected gap and making the fort unnecessary.

After 1871, Fort Boyard was briefly used as a military prison, and abandoned in 1913, after which the unmaintained fort slowly deteriorated and crumbled into the sea. In 1950 it was made a listed building, and in 1961 was sold to Charente Maritime Regional Council.

In 1989, the reconstruction of fort began in preparation for hosting the game show. An access platform for the berth of ships was built 25 meters from it (the old fort pier was destroyed long ago). The fort was completely cleared of a huge layer of guano (50 cm thick). In 1996, artillery platforms were also restored. However, the fort was still exposed to harmful influences from the sea. Therefore, in 1998, additional restoration work was carried out. The outer walls were completely cleaned and the sealing of the terrace completed. The final stage was the restoration of a central courtyard which was completed in early 2004. It has been used as the location for the filming of both the French and international versions of the TV game show of the same name since 1990, and was also the location for filming The Last Adventure, starring Alain Delon, Lino Ventura and Joanna Shimkus.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fort Boyard (fortification)


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Luis Olmo

Luis Francisco Rodríguez Olmo (August 11, 1919 – April 28, 2017) was a Puerto Rican Major League Baseball outfielder and right-handed batter. Olmo played in the majors with the Brooklyn Dodgers (1943–45, 1949) and Boston Braves (1950–51).

Early years
Olmo was born in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. He began his professional career in 1938 with the Criollos de Caguas of the Puerto Rican Winter League. In 1939, Olmo signed with the Richmond Colts of the Piedmont League and was assigned to the Tarboro Goobers and later the Wilson Tobs of the Coastal Plain League. The Dodgers acquired Olmo from Richmond in 1942 and assigned him to the Montreal Royals after spring training.

Professional career
Brooklyn called Olmo up to the major leagues in July 1943 and he debuted with the Dodgers on July 18, 1943. In 57 games, he batted .303 with four home runs and 37 RBI. He gained regular status in the next season, batting .258 with nine home runs and 85 RBI in 136 games.

On May 18, 1945, Olmo became the second player (Del Bissonette on April 21, 1930, was the first) in Major League history to hit a bases-loaded triple and a bases-loaded home run (grand slam) in the same game. He added a single for good measure, only failing to hit a double to complete the cycle. In that season, he led the league in triples (13) and reached career-high numbers in batting average (.313), home runs (10), RBI (110), doubles (27), stolen bases (15) and games (141).

Mexican League
Despite his strong 1945 season, the return of players from World War II service meant stiff competition for the Dodgers' outfield. Olmo was offered a $6,000 salary for 1946, far from his expectations of a $10,000 contract. Instead, he chose to sign with the Rojos del México in the Mexican League, after owner Jorge Pasquel offered him a $20,000 salary; he was later traded to the Azules de Veracruz (also owned by Pasquel). In 59 games with Mexico and Veracruz in the 1946 season, Olmo hit .289 and drove in 42 runs.

Olmo, along with the other so-called "jumpers" who defected to the Mexican League, were suspended for five years by Commissioner of Baseball Happy Chandler; some historians suggest that the departure of a relatively-high-profile player like Olmo was the catalyst for Chandler's crackdown. Along with fellow "jumper" and former Dodger Mickey Owen, Olmo applied for reinstatement in 1946 but was denied. Instead, he played the 1947 season with Veracruz, hitting .301 in 102 games.

By 1949, Olmo was reinstated and he returned to the Dodgers, batting .305 in to help win the pennant.

Return to the majors
In the 1949 World Series against the Yankees, Olmo became the first Puerto Rican to play in a World Series, as well as hit a home run and get three hits in a Series game. After two seasons, he was dealt to the Braves. He retired at the end of the 1951 season.

In a six-year career, Olmo batted .281 (458-for-1629) with 29 home runs, 208 runs, 65 doubles, 25 triples, and 33 stolen bases in 462 games.

Caribbean Series
Olmo earned Caribbean Series MVP honors, during the 1951 edition played in Caracas, after batting .416 and three homers, while powering the Cangrejeros de Santurce to the championship.

Olmo returned to the Series with Santurce in its 1955 title, and also played as a reinforcement for fourth-place Senadores de San Juan in 1952. Overall, Olmo posted a .303 average with three home runs and 13 RBI in three Caribbean Series.

Later years
Olmo was elected to the Caribbean Baseball Hall of Fame on February 6, 2004. His baseball career was featured in a 2008 American documentary titled "Beisbol", directed by Alan Swyer and narrated by Esai Morales, which covered the early influences and contributions of Hispanics in the game. The City of Arecibo honored Olmo by naming a stadium after him.

Olmo had been suffering from Alzheimer's disease for more than a year. Olmo, who suffered from the complications of double pneumonia, died on April 28, 2017, in Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

title: Luis Olmo


text:
ONP

ONP or Onp may refer to:

 * Olympic National Park, a U.S. National Park in Washington State
 * Ortho-nitrophenol, a chemical substance, created by the hydrolization of Ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside
 * Newport Municipal Airport (Oregon), a general aviation airport in Newport, Oregon
 * One Nation (Australia), an Australian political party
 * Organisation of the Polish Nation - Polish League, a Polish political party
 * ONP (notation) (Polish), another name for Reverse Polish notation (RPN) sometimes used
 * Old Newsprint or Old Newspaper, a fiber grade separated in a materials recovery facility

title: ONP


text:
Onh

ONH or Onh may refer to:

 * Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group), small republican paramilitary group
 * Óglaigh na hÉireann, several Irish military organizations
 * one-north MRT station, Singapore (MRT station abbreviation)
 * Optic Nerve Hypoplasia, medical eye condition

title: Onh


text:
Dietrich Brandis

Sir Dietrich Brandis (31 March 1824 – 28 May 1907) was a German-British botanist and forestry academic and administrator, who worked with the British Imperial Forestry Service in colonial India for nearly 30 years. He joined the British civil service in Burma in 1856, shortly afterwards became head of the British forestry administration in all of Burma, and served as Inspector General of Forests in India from 1864 to 1883. He returned to Europe in 1883, dividing his time between Bonn and Greater London. In retirement he dedicated himself to scholarly work, resulting in the book Indian Trees (1906), his magnum opus. Brandis is considered the father of tropical forestry and has also been described as the father of scientific forestry. In addition to his work in India, he also had a significant influence on forest management in the United States.

Early life, education and family
A member of the patrician Brandis family, Dietrich Brandis was born in Bonn, Germany, and was the son of the prominent philosopher Christian August Brandis, who was tutor to the young King Otho of Greece and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Bonn. His grandfather Joachim Dietrich Brandis was personal physician to Queen Marie of Denmark and Norway and a member of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters.

He studied at the universities of Copenhagen Biology, Göttingen Botany and Bonn Biology major and minor Geography and Antiquites, and in 1849, he took up a post as a lecturer in botany at Bonn. His interest in forest management was initially from a botanical perspective.

In 1854, he married Rachel Marshman, a daughter of the Indian scholar and missionary Joshua Marshman and a sister of the wife of General Havelock. His brother-in-law Havelock was a friend of Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General of India, and it was this connection that brought him to Burma and eventually India. His first wife died in India in 1862, and during a two-year sabbatical in Europe from 1865 to 1867, he met and married Katharina Hasse, eighteen years his junior. She moved to India with him and the couple had six children, some of whom did not reach adulthood.

Dietrich Brandis was the father of supreme court justice Bernhard Brandis and the grandfather of the microbiologist Henning Brandis.

Forestry administrator in British India
Among other natural resources, the British government in India was interested in the use of forest produce. The felling of trees was unregulated, and between 1847 and 1850 the British government started to realize that the forests in India were being lost. In 1850, the British Association in Edinburgh formed a committee to study forest destruction at the behest of Hugh Cleghorn. In 1855, Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General of India issued a Memorandum of the Government of India. This was based on reports submitted by John McClelland, then Superintendent of Forests in Burma, at the time part of the British India.

Burma
Brandis joined the British civil service in 1856 as superintendent of the teak forests of Pegu division in eastern Burma. In 1858 he became head of the imperial forest administration of all of British Burma.

During that time Burma's teak forests were controlled by militant Karen tribals. He introduced the "taungya" system, in which Karen villagers provided labour for clearing, planting and weeding teak plantations. In return, they were allowed to plant crops for the first few years between the trees. As the teak trees grew, villagers were moved to new land and the process was repeated. As a result of this process, many villagers became dependent on the state forestry service and local resistance to the state takeover of forests became increasingly difficult.

Based on his academic training, Brandis was initially interested in botany. His herbarium and botanical library, which he shipped from Calcutta to Rangoon, were lost when the boat carrying it capsized. This loss led him to shift his focus from botanical studies to forestry.

Brandis' work included the determination of teak volume, rate of growth, identifying rate of harvest, developing forest protection plans against pests and fire. He also introduced timber purchase rules, clearing rules and the establishment of managed teak areas called conservancies with officers who were appointed as Conservators. Based on his experience, he helped formulate the Indian Forest Act of 1865.

Contribution to forestry management in India
In 1864 Brandis became Inspector General of Forests in India, a position he served in for 20 years. He formulated new forest legislation and helped establish research and training institutions. The Imperial Forest School at Dehradun was founded by him. Brandis was created a Companion of the Indian Empire in 1878, and he became a Knight Commander of the same order in 1887.

Brandis documented the sacred groves in Rajputana and Kans (woodlands) of Mysore, the Garo and Khasia hills, which he visited in 1879, the Devarakadus of Coorg in 1868, the hill ranges of the Salem district in the Madras Presidency in 1882, the Swami Shola on the Yelagiris, the sacred grove at Pudur on the Javadis and several sacred forests on the Shevaroys. He was among the earliest in India to formally link forest protection with local peoples.

He also took an interest in the forest flora of northwest and central India and of Indian trees in general. Even after retirement, Brandis continued to work on Indian forestry and, at the age of 75, he started his principal botanical work, Indian Trees, dealing with 4400 species. It was first published in 1906 and re-issued several times afterwards, the last time in 1971. He was posted at Balaghat in M.P. as a principal of forester training institute for a long time in his service period.

Retirement
After his retirement from the position as Inspector General of Forests in India in 1883, he returned to Bonn, but frequently visited England in the following years. From 1900 until 1906 he lived permanently in Kew in Greater London. He also supervised training of forestry students at the Royal Indian Engineering College in England for eight years (1888–1896). His interest in American affairs led him to take special care of American foresters visiting Europe, for which he received a personal letter of thanks by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904. He was succeeded as Inspector General of Forests by Lt Col Frederick Bailey of the Royal Engineers.

Shortly after returning to Bonn in late 1906, he was hospitalized and died a few months later on 28 May 1907.

Broader influence

Brandis was also involved in forestry education in England at Coopers' Hill. He also influenced and mentored many like Berthold Ribbentrop, W. Schlich and C.A. Schenck of Germany (while a visiting professor at the University of Giessen), and Gifford Pinchot and Henry Graves (the first and second chiefs of the USDA Forest Service) of the United States.

He influenced the forestry movement in the United States by mentoring Pinchot, Graves, and others who came to study with him in Germany, and through his voluminous correspondence with many other men, such as Charles Sprague Sargent and Franklin Hough involved in establishing the U.S. national forest system. Pinchot relied heavily upon Brandis' advice for introducing professional forest management in the U.S. and on how to structure the Forest Service in 1905. His influence was so great that President Roosevelt sent him a photograph in 1896 with the inscription "'To Sir Dietrich Brandis, in high appreciation of his services to forestry in the United States. From Theodore Roosevelt.'"

Honours

 * Honorary member of the Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society, 1874
 * Fellow of the Royal Society, 1875
 * Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire, 1878
 * Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire, 1887
 * The honorary title Professor awarded by the Prussian Minister for Agriculture and Forestry, 1893
 * Doctor honoris causa of law, University of Edinburgh, 1898
 * Honorary member of the Society of American Foresters, 1904

Legacy
Many species of plants are named after him:
 * Cananga brandisiana (Pierre) Saff.
 * Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz
 * Diospyros brandisiana Kurz
 * Ochlandra brandisii Gamble
 * Macaranga brandisii King
 * Millettia brandisiana Kurz
 * Orophea brandisii Hook.f. & Thomson
 * Quercus brandisiana Kurz
 * Ardisia brandisiana Kurz
 * Iodes brandisii Kurz
 * Ixora brandisiana Kurz
 * Loranthus brandisanus Kurz
 * The genus Brandisia Hook.f. & Thomson is also named after him.

title: Dietrich Brandis


text:
Onawa

Onawa may refer to:

Places

 * Onawa, Iowa, a city in Monona County, Iowa
 * Onawa, Maine, a populated place in Piscataquis County, Maine
 * Onawa, Namibia, a settlement in the Omusati Region, Namibia

Other uses

 * Onawa IOOF Opera House, an opera house in Onawa, Iowa
 * Onawa train wreck, a 1919 railroad accident near Onawa, Maine

title: Onawa


text:
User talk:JustinWick

Wow, let me be the first to welcome you to Wikipedia. Thank you for your wonderful articles. A high-quality contributor from the beginning -- gotta love it. :-) You obviously know the basics, but here are some tips for learning more about this (rather addictive) site:  You might like to start by reading the tutorial and introducing yourself at the new users page. Two useful tips are that you can sign your name using four tildes ( ~ ) and you can practice editing by using the Sandbox. You can regularly find new tips on the Community Portal. I look forward to reading your great articles and I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. If you have any questions, you can ask at the help desk or on my talk page. :-) SWAdair | Talk  10:38, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Thanks on RP
Thanks for your fixes to RP. It was totally backwards — I can't believe I didn't notice it sooner. Keep up the good fact-checking. Deco 09:32, 29 Apr 2005 (UTC)

"rather misguided" edits by Fresheneesz
Hi, I'm pretty sure my edits were correct information. But I will use the discussion for this issue. What exactly do you think is misguided about relating entropy to free energy? Am I incorrect in saying that entropy is related to free energy? Fresheneesz 19:57, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

- I also noticed you reverted my change on the arrow of time page. Granted, I misspelled entropy (i think), but I think the word "disorder" is misused by many people who don't understand the concept of thermodynamic disorder. It is much more intuitive to talk about "trapped energy" or the non free energy. The 2nd law of thermodynamics states that entropy tends to increase over time, therefore the free energy tends to decrease over time. Disorder is often confused with "disorganization" - which is a horribly misguided connection. Please discuss this change with me. Fresheneesz 20:53, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

Ok, i see what you're saying about free enery. And in editing i've thought more about it, and I've found i'm no longer sure about it. What I *am* sure about is that the article on entropy has many references to the "energy unavailable to do work" - even stated at the top of the page as the product S*TR. My idea of free energy is consistant with lots of the information on that page - however that information might be wrong, inaccurate, or misleading in the first place.

Also, I thought your comment was interesting: "certainly you understand that even a maximally disorded system can have energy extracted from it with the use of a low temperature sink". I had a feeling that this must be the case - but I thought the concept of entropy was in opposition to this thought. Then again, I don't really believe in entropy anyway ;-) . I'm not quite sure what you mean by low temperature sink - in a fully disordered system those don't exist (unless you create it?).

My understanding of entropy is that its an approximation used for macroscopic cases involving heat - and doesn't neccessarily relate to energy in general. For example, it is highly unlikely for total entropy to increase - but us humans have a knack for the improbable. In otherwords, us humans could in theory consistantly induce a highly unlikely state that would allow entropy to consistantly decrease. Entropy seems to me a model for the world where improbable things like machines don't exist.

I like to think my understanding of entropy is better than most - but I can't say I understand it fully or even close. As a chemistry student I was frustrated when the concept of Entropy was discussed in misleading and erroneous ways, one of those things was the "increase of disorder" - a phrase which made no sense and was never explained. My point in being on a page about a subject I hate is to make it correct and above all *understandable* so that people don't end up in my situation again (granted they learn their stuff from wikipedia). Fresheneesz 07:41, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree that entropy should be described as the information content in a system in addition to the other couple of ways to describe it. I would support your idea of putting the statistical mechnics idea in more light - I think it is important to give people new and more correct information on this site - rather than information that is in every basic textbook in existance. I think if entropy can be related to free energy - that should be noted. I suppose it probably shouldn't be noted as strongly as my edits did, but it should be there nonetheless.

- btw, when you mentioned Thomas Gold - i was interested in the contradiction between one of his "pet thoeries" and conservation of momentum. What was the pet theory, and what contradiction did it produce? PS. you should add that quote to the page on Thomas Gold. - Many of the edits I do are about classes i'm taking right now in college. And, I admit, sometimes I have been a bit presumptuous. But I try to edit these pages in order for them to be more accurate, and less misleading - ultimately so they are more helpful. I greatly dislike the normal way of teaching people an appromation, feining it as truth - and then turning it around on students later. It seems more like a cruel joke than teaching. So right now WAS .something has reverted like 6 of my edits calling for a "source" when the edit was obviously correct given other information on the same page. I suppose the edits I made require discussion since they aren't the normal way things are given (unique is an aspect i see as good), but he hasn't been very receptive to discussion. I have been confused by fake truths like E=mc^2 in the past, and I don't want readers of wikipedia to be subject to the same thing. Fresheneesz 01:20, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

Your edits on Relativistic mass
On your recent edit of relativistic mass you commented that the "POV" is somewhat warrented but needs to but rewritten objectively. I think it is a bad idea to trash the semi-warrented parts - but instead to discuss it, or to correct them yourself. Trashing it lead to the information just being lost over time, don't you agree? Fresheneesz 09:14, 22 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Actually, the edits you reverted weren't my edits. They've been on the page for a while now (since the page's second edit), and they might need some consolidation, but the "POV" is one that is held by many physicists. I think one may state a POV, if they state whos point of view it was - for example, it is a *fact* that many physicists have the POV that the term is obsolete. I'll probably look at it more later next week or something if noone gets around to fixing it up. Fresheneesz 19:06, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

Difference of Gaussians
Greetings, I saw the article so soon after it was created because I was watching Recent changes, a link available under the globe at the left hand side of the screen. Often Wikipedians watch that so they can spot and revert vandalism (called RC Patrol). I've actually done less of this then what I call "Random article" patrol; hitting that link several times can turn up some weird stuff. But I do have a preoccupation with making sure articles are categorized, and that's most of what I do with the Random article button and sometimes with Recent Changes.

As for the appropriate category with this one, math is not my stuff; I simply Googled it, and I saw websites describing it as an algorithm. But, in my opinion, if you give something a wrong category or a category that's too general, people will at least see it, and can give it something more specific or more appropriate if they're more familiar with how Wikipedia categorizes their areas of expertise.

Cheers, CanadianCaesar 19:24, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

wavelets
Answered on my talk page. In short, I'm interesested in wavelets because of thier applicability to number theory, and in particlar, some recent work on the Riemann hypothesis. Thus, I wanted to have a article that provided a clean formal definition suitable for "pure math" that wasn't laden with engineering terms. linas 00:11, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

 * See also, for example, dyadic solenoid and solenoid group. The "dyadic" that occurs in wavelets is useful precisely because of its connection to p-adic numbers and p-adic analysis. linas 00:15, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

19th century now COTW
This article has been selected as the new Collaboration of the Week! Thanks for your support! — 0918 BRIAN • 2005-12-12 03:27

FAC quotes
Hi. Would you mind modifying the quotes you recently added to the FAC pages for Majora's mask and Prostate Cancer? At present they spill very far to the side and force Firefox to add a horizontal scrollbar. Thanks. The Catfish 04:29, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I've edited them (as per your request on my talk page. I changed it from a single space before the quote to 2 colons . But I just noticed that it could be enclosed in "" as well. Good luck with your project! The Catfish 21:19, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

users by alma matter
More and more of us are getting this added to our user pages, you might wanna do the same: Category:Wikipedians by alma mater: Cornell University Cornell Rockey 00:30, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom election
Thank you for your vote in the Arbitration Committee elections. I fear I may have misled you slightly with my opening statement and given you the impression that I am reluctant to serve on the Arbitration Committee. In fact I would very much like to, but I expressed reluctance because every minute spent on arbitration duties is a minute not spent on article writing and improving. I regard the Arbitration Committee as a valuable body which helps the project by sorting out disputes which wouldn't be sorted out elsewhere, and I would enjoy and appreciate the opportunity of serving on it. However it does occur to me that this may be a polite way of hiding a much more serious objection to my approach and if this is so, then you are entitled to your vote and I am sorry to take up your time. David | Talk 10:27, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for getting back. I have had a few others making comments on the same lines and tried to counter them by putting a codicil on my statement, but didn't think it quite fair to go in and change the statement retrospectively as some people complained about other candidates doing that. The election has just over two days to run with the number of voters falling, so you get the personal touch! I appreciate the difficulty all voters have with so many candidates, a large number of which were new users who stood in good faith but did not have any real chance. This may be something to correct for next time. David | Talk 23:11, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Vote Outcome
Hello JustinWick. Thank you for your encouragement. No problem with the jibe at my profession. I have responded to your comments at some length on my  talk page.--Edivorce 17:19, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

New Main Page Election talks
A discussion has begun on how to handle an official election for replacing the Main Page. To ensure it is set up sensibly and according to consensus, your input is needed there. --Go for it! 22:41, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

Practical Editing Question
I'm working on significant edits of the Mediation article. I've begun by posting comments on the talk page signaling my intention to make changes. My question is: What is an appropriate period time to wait for responses? I would appreciate your advice. --Edivorce 14:54, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for responding and the wider comments on bold editing.--Edivorce 16:48, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

SED
FY, I replied to your question about SED on my talk page. linas 00:45, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

featured articles
Hi Justin, thanks for the kind words. I'm glad you enjoyed the article. And I can identify with you—before I got welding featured, I was excited to get my first one featured. That was the roughest FAC that I've been through so far, mostly because I didn't fully understand the various requirements. Nowadays, I know what to expect, and so I haven't been surprised by anything major on my last few nominations. But the excitement of a new FA hasn't rubbed off yet—I want to get to be part of the "frequent FA writers" group, whatever that might mean. User:Emsworth has like 50 of them, so I don't think I'm going to get up to his status, but another 5-10 over the next few years would be awesome. Anyway, be sure to let me know when you start working on the article you want to get to FA status. I'd be happy to help you out however I can. As you're trying to choose the article to work on, make sure it's something for which you can get a few good book references or alot of online references, and go for it. It's tough, but it's worth it =). --Spangineer (háblame)  04:47, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Bart_Selman.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Bart_Selman.gif. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

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Good thoughts
I noticed you've changed your user page. There are some good thoughts there on Wikipedia...at least I find myself agreeing with much of what you wrote :-) Maybe one day I will get around to writing a short summary of my Wikipedia philosophy.  --Chan-Ho (Talk) 10:22, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

BTW, I've added the Wikipedians by alma mater category to your user page and used the proper syntax for CornellRockey's message; your talk page was showing up in the category listing instead of your user page. --Chan-Ho (Talk) 10:26, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

RfC At Star Sonata
Thanks for your comments at Star Sonata. (Signed: J.Smith) 21:08, 6 February 2006 (UTC)
 * You should check out some of the resent edits at Star Sonata. The anon editor is acting brillant as usual. (Signed: J.Smith) 08:15, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

Anecdotal Evidence
Hi, saw your RfC on this. I am not aware there was an "edit war" over this. What qualifies? On the mundane level, how long does an RfC last? Where is this one listed? How are they requested? Many thanks. Look forward to hearing from you. The Invisible Anon 22:35, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Just a few points [] :The Invisible Anon 14:19, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Just so that you know, having met all the objections, this being the final comment [], Tearlach has changed tack to a factual accuracy dispute [] without further comment or reply.  I still believe this is and was a hoax RfC and this latest turn does nothing but reinforce that view. The Invisible Anon  18:30, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

Ubernosy question
"why edit anonymously if you feel strongly about your edits? It has been my experience that editors often take anon edits less seriously... also login names do not appear to be easy to trace back to real world individuals"

This is one of the conundrums of Wiki. Mostly editors are anonymous so it is really funny when people with IP addresses are referred to as "anon" and you quite rightly point out that IP addresses can be traced albeit the users may not always be that use them. Having a sign on does not prevent other users having multiple sock puppets or using IP addresses themselves. This hoax RfC is an example.

The Invisible Anon 11:31, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Which if it was anything, was not an answer. Please have a look at the current RFC  You are mentioned in it.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/86.10.231.219  Midgley 20:15, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

Talk:Irreducible complexity
Before you get too involved in this, you should know that tisthammerw (Wade A. Tisthammer) through hard work has earned a reputation at creationism related articles as a chronic malcontent with a long history of disruption by ignoring both consensus and evidence while conducting a pov campaign. This started at Intelligent design, then Second Law of Thermodynamics, and now Irreducible complexity. Because of this he's earned a permanent place on the "crank list" of many editors. I can't begin to count the innumerable man hours of good faith contributors he's wasted with bad faith objections, constantly shifting goalposts, and mendacious justifications for it all arising out of his own personal research experientialism.freewebspace.com/tisthammer.htm.

The only time I will spend on this editor is in minimizing his disruptions and cleaning up his messes; his history  proves anything else is a complete waste. FeloniousMonk 06:20, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Adding that as currently SFAIK every single editor on that article concurs he is being disruptive and tendentious (except himself, of course) one further voice is unlikely to convince him to re-evaluate his position. OTOH, if you are willing to wade in (no pun intended), you are more than welcome! KillerChihuahua?!? 15:49, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

 * My attempted reforms on the intelligent design entry have often met with stiff resistance from both KillerChihuahua and FeloniousMonk, who sometimes seem to go on a smear campaign against me (as in this case) and occasional personal attacks. Contrary to FeloniousMonk's claims, I have not, as far as I know, put forth original research.  The accusation that "every single editor on that article concurs he is being disruptive" is also not true.  A number of people as  SanchoPanza and ant agreed that my objections were legitimate.  A number of other editors tried to make corrections, but are met with stiff resistance from avid ID opponents and then quit.  As one editor put it in the forum for whether the entry should be a featured article (the end result being a rejection), "This is a good example of why articles should not be written and policed by the bitter opponents of the subject of the article."  The issue and others like it invite heated emotions to clog up our vision--something that I have even been guilty of occasionally (though I hate to admit it).  The heated emotions unfortunately make things like enforcing WP:CITE and WP:NOR more difficult than I would like, as well as bringing up uncivil attitudes and behavior.

 * I can perhaps take some consolation in that I did successfully remove the original research of the straw man kind regarding misconstrual of the creationist position in the second law of thermodynamics section (see Talk:Second_law_of_thermodynamics/creationism for more on this). I can only hope that an RfC will help bring new editors into the discussion with a fresh perspective.  --Wade A. Tisthammer 21:09, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Your comment on my talk page suggests to me that maybe you're frustrated that you haven't gotten as much response from your RfC that you'd like. I think that that's common with most processes on WP, even though there's a lot of editors here, there's also a lot of things to do, so RfCs or peer reviews, etc. may get few if any responses. I think that the key thing is to distill the issue to the key point that is in dispute, people don't have to understand the whole controversy to decide whether the von Bertalanffy quote constitutes original research. To get knowledgeable eyes on the issue you can 1) find the policy page that is relevant (probably WP:NOR in this case) and if the policy page itself doesn't make the issue clear, then ask for clarification on the talk page, this will help bring in people who are experienced in dealing with this kind of issue. You can also make a request on the talk page of related subjects (maybe Talk:Intelligent Design or Talk:Evolution). All of these things can bring in more opinions that can help lead to concensus if all parties are working in good faith. It's always best to assume that others are working in good faith, but I see that it's been suggested that some parties are not working in good faith. That makes everything more difficult. Once you've exhausted other options, you might want to go to the talk page of WP:AGF and ask for advice on how to deal with someone who seems not to be working in good faith. If this person has a history of making things difficult for other editors then mediation or arbitration may be called for. Matt 13:20, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for comments regarding Diode modelling
Hi Justin!

Thanks for your comments regarding the article I wrote called Diode modelling. Please excuse the very long delay between you posting your message and me replying. As this is the first time for me to contribute to the Wikipedia I wasn't expecting much feedback on the article and so did not check my User Talk Page. I now realise that it is important for me to do so! What's more, I had trouble logging in for months: I didn't realise that usernames had to be case sensitive!

Regarding your comment about Wikipedia articles formatted like and encyclopedia: They say that necessity is the mother of invention; the reason why I wrote the Diode Modelling article was because I was studying that topic at uni and had trouble understanding it. I borrowed a very heavy electronics book from the library but it was of no help. What shocked me the most was that an internet search brought up nothing. So when I finally got my head round it, I decided to write it up. I feel that the nature of the topic is why it is written in a textbook fashion. However, I am more than happy for you to give me any ideas on how to make this more encyclopedia like.

Amr Bekhit 00:06, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Image Tagging Image:Coronagraph example.gif
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Cornell
I have just started WikiProject Cornell University, an attempt to thoroughly cover topics related to Cornell. If you would like to participate, you can visit the project page, where you can join the project and see a list of open tasks. Thanks! — mercuryboard talk 05:23, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Physics Article WIP proposal
Hello, as an editor who has previously added to the Physics article and taken part in discussions on its talk page I thought a current proposal may be of interest to you. Over the past few months the article has suffered from a lack of focus and direction. Unfortunately the article is now judged by a number of editors to be in a relatively poor state. There is currently a proposal to start a full consensus based review of the article. That review and consensus process has been proposed here, your thoughts on the proposal and participation in the WIP review of the article would be much appreciated. It disappoints me that an article on one of the fundamental sciences here at wikipedia is in such a relatively poor state, and I hope you can have a browse by the page to offer your views and hopefully participate. Thanks, SFC9394 22:06, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Psychohistorian
I have found some good citations for use in the introduction to the Emergence article as you asked. They are from a physicist and make a very careful and balanced explanation of the meaning and implications of Emergence.

If you agree that Psychohistorian has been committing personal attacks, please review Requests_for_comment/Psychohistorian and considering adding your endorsement to the relevant section. We have found quite an extensive history of the personal attacks and some sort of warning or censure is in order. Nothing substantial will happen to Psychohistorian either way but it would be nice to establish that personal attacks are not acceptable. Fourdee 18:42, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

Image:Lead acid cell.jpg
Consider this your notice that this image violates copyright laws. Also take note that the spam bot preventing me from posting the conventional message. This has been reported to Administrators' noticeboard/IncidentArchive396 --CyclePat (talk) 03:14, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I guess it was a problem with your user page. Here we go... they've, user:Shoy, fixed it all up!

Replaceable fair use Image:Lead acid cell.jpg
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WP Computing
Greetings. You are receiving this note as you are a member of this WikiProject. Currently there is not much of activity in the project and I am hoping to revive the project with your help. I have made a few changes to the project page Diff. You are welcome to make suggestions of improvement / changes in the design. I have also make a proposal to AutoTagg articles with WikiProject Computing for the descendant wikiprojects articles also. Please express your opinion here --  TinuCherian  (Wanna Talk?) - 12:50, 23 June 2008 (UTC)

File source problem with File:Coronagraph_example_2.jpg
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File:Coronagraph comet.gif needs authorship information.
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File:Nulling Interferance.png missing description details
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Nomination for deletion of Template:JPL Image
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File source problem with File:Coronagraph starburst.jpg
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Better source request for File:Coronagraph starburst.jpg
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File source problem with File:Nulling Interferance.png
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File:Parallax.png listed for deletion
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:50, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:JustinWick


text:
Ong

Ong or ONG may refer to:

Arts and media

 * Ong's Hat, a collaborative work of fiction
 * “Ong Ong”, a song by Blur from the album The Magic Whip

Places

 * Ong, Nebraska, US, city
 * Ong's Hat, New Jersey, US, ghost town
 * Ong River, Odisha, India
 * Mornington Island Airport, IATA airport code "ONG"

Other uses

 * Ong (surname), a surname (especially a Chinese one)
 * Ong language of Laos and Vietnam
 * ONE Gas (Oklahoma Natural Gas), a component of ONEOK, Inc.
 * Non-governmental organization, abbreviated ONG in French, Italian, Spanish, Romanian and Portuguese (NGO in English)
 * Ipomoea aquatica or Ong choi, a semi-aquatic tropical plant grown as a leaf vegetable

title: Ong


text:
Onida

Onida may refer to:

 * Onida, South Dakota
 * Onida Electronics

title: Onida


text:
Rally Finland

Rally Finland  (formerly known as the Neste Rally Finland, Neste Oil Rally Finland, 1000 Lakes Rally and Rally of the Thousand Lakes; Suomen ralli, Finska rallyt) is a rally competition in the Finnish Lakeland in Central Finland. The rally is driven on wide and smooth gravel roads, featuring blind crests and big jumps. It is the fastest event in the World Rally Championship and has been dubbed the "Grand Prix of Rallying" and the "Grand Prix on Gravel". Rally Finland is among the largest annually organised public events in the Nordic countries, attracting hundreds of thousands of spectators each year. The rally has been known to be very difficult for non-Nordic drivers; only seven drivers from countries other than Finland or Sweden have won the event- in the 1980s and before, the field was made up almost entirely of Finnish and Swedish drivers.

The city of Jyväskylä in the Central Finland region has often served as the main venue for Finnish rally competitions, because Rally Finland was first held under the name Jyväskylän Suurajot (Jyväskylä Grand Prix) in 1951. Originally an endurance event that stretched to Lapland in Northern Finland, the rally was at the forefront of the adoption of the modern rally format, splitting the route into a number of special stages in the mid-1950s. With increasing international attention, it became part of the European Rally Championship programme in 1959. After the start of the World Rally Championship in 1973, the event became the Finnish round in the series. Rally Finland is now among the most popular and prestigious rallies in the championship.

History
This rally began to gain importance in the 1970s, and local heroes such as Hannu Mikkola, Markku Alén, Timo Salonen, Tommi Mäkinen and Marcus Grönholm are the most successful names at this rally, and Swedish drivers such as Stig Blomqvist also found success at this rally. The difficulty of this rally for non-Nordic drivers made notable competitors such as Walter Röhrl (who never competed at this rally) and Miki Biasion (who only competed at this rally twice in his 15-year career) make rare or no appearances at this rally.

1950s
Rally Finland was started as a quickly improvised qualifier event for the Monte Carlo Rally; thirty Finnish drivers wanted to take part in Monte Carlo, but only 14 fit within the quotas on Finns and Swedes. Previously, the entries had been decided in the Hanko Run in Southern Finland. The regulations in this race were not close to those of the Monte Carlo Rally, leading to a demand for a Monte Carlo type of rally in Finland. In July 1951, Pentti Barck's proposal for an annual competition in Jyväskylä was accepted. The first-ever rally began on 1 September 1951 as Jyväskylän Suurajot (Jyväskylä Grand Prix). 26 entrants tackled the 1,700 kilometre (1,060 mi) route that stretched to Rovaniemi in Lapland, through Kokkola and Oulu, and back to the rally headquarters in Jyväskylä. The winner Arvo Karlsson, driving an Austin Atlantic, had accumulated the least penalty points and had been the closest to the target times throughout the route and the special tests involving hillclimbing and acceleration.

The 1952 event included Helsinki as an alternative starting point and the field expanded to 48 entries. Eino Elo was the only driver to finish the route and the acceleration and braking tests without penalty points. In 1953, Oulu was added as a third starting point, and 66 crews started the 2,200 kilometre course in two-minute intervals. The 1954 running of the rally saw the introduction of the international name "The Rally of the Thousand Lakes". There were now eleven starting cities, one of which was Sundsvall in neighbouring Sweden. In 1955, the event became increasingly closer to the format of a modern rally competition; the number of special stages was increased to eleven, marking the highest amount in any European rally. Elo and Peugeot became the first two-time winners of the event. The 1956 rally featured 19 stages totaling 1800 km.

In 1957, the rally had a record number of entries from foreign countries and the organisers developed a sign language that marshals could use to communicate with drivers. The event also started the Finland-Sweden international in rallying, comparable to the traditional Finland-Sweden athletics international. Sweden's Erik Carlsson drove his Saab 93 to victory as the first non-Finn. In the 1958 1000 Lakes, documented by a 20th Century Fox film crew, seven drivers crashed out on the same curve on a foggy night. Brothers Osmo and Eino Kalpala took a record third win in an Alfa Romeo Giulietta TI, which marked the first victory for an Italian car. In 1959, the 1000 Lakes Rally was included in the European Rally Championship calendar. It was also one of the four rallies that counted towards the first-ever Finnish Rally Championship.

1960s
At the 1960 1000 Lakes Rally, nearly half of the 85 entries were from foreign countries. A deaf-mute road worker was hit by Germany's future European champion Eugen Böhringer in what was the event's first fatal accident. Although the rally ended with Finland's Carl-Otto Bremer leading home a Saab triple win, the best Finn had been only tenth after the opening Harju hill stage. Later in the 1960s, the 1000 Lakes was dominated by the first generation of "Flying Finns" of rallying. Rauno Aaltonen beat Pauli Toivonen to the win in 1961, while Toivonen took the honours in 1962. Esko Keinänen and Rainer Eklund finished second in a Škoda Felicia. A record 104 drivers started the 1962 event. Simo Lampinen, barely twenty years old, became the first driver to take consecutive wins, finishing ahead of Sweden's Tom Trana in 1963 and 1964.

Interest in the 1000 Lakes Rally continued to grow. It became known as the best organised rally competition after the Monte Carlo Rally, and as Finland's biggest sporting event by audience count. As practice had been allowed for 1965, speeds became higher than ever. These factors brought several challenges to the organisers. Spectators lined up the edge of the course and sometimes even blocked the road. One spectator was killed in a crash in 1965. 1,200 officials were appointed for the 1965 event, over 2,000 for 1967 and over 3,000 for 1968. As the organisers and the gravel roads could not handle fields close to 200 cars, only 130 of the 173 entries qualified for the start in 1965. In 1966, entries were only accepted from drivers who had finished in at least three rallies.

Along with the number of entrants, the percentage of retirements grew steadily throughout the decade, and 1966 saw nearly half of the 115 drivers fail to finish the 26 stages. Timo Mäkinen, who had already won in Monte Carlo, drove his Mini Cooper S to victory in 1965 and continued the success in 1966. In 1967, he beat Lampinen to the win by eight seconds despite driving the high-speed Ouninpohja stage with his bonnet open. His hat-trick of wins was followed by Hannu Mikkola's successes in a Ford Escort TC. In 1968, Castrol produced a film titled Flying Finns, documenting the duel between Mäkinen and Mikkola. The 1969 rally saw the circuit and street stages, which favoured faster sports cars and factory team drivers, dropped from the programme.

1970s
The 1970 1000 Lakes had a record 52 stages, which totaled 460 competitive kilometres. An estimated audience of 350,000–500,000 spectators watched Mikkola match Mäkinen's feat of three wins in a row. However, the event suffered a drop in the number of foreign entries, which the international press attributed to the difficulty of defeating the Finns on their own roads. In 1971, the rally was won by a Swedish driver for the third time; Stig Blomqvist finished well ahead of Tapio Rainio and Markku Alén. The 1972 event increased the length of special stages to almost 700 km. The traditional Harju hill stage was left out of the route as Jyväskylä had banned racing in the city area.

The 1000 Lakes was not among the five European rallies guaranteed a spot in the inaugural World Rally Championship calendar. It competed for the remaining three Europe-based entries with the Coupe des Alpes (Alpine Rally), Österreichische Alpenfahrt (Austrian Alpine Rally), Rally Poland and Rallye de Portugal. The number of rallies in the 1973 season was eventually expanded to 13 and only Coupe des Alpes was dropped. The 1973 1000 Lakes Rally ended with Ford's Timo Mäkinen becoming the first driver to win the event four times, and the first Finn to win a WRC round. Alén finished second in a Volvo and future Formula One driver Leo Kinnunen third in a Porsche. The world championship status had brought back a strong international field of about 50 teams from 13 different countries. The 1974 event was marred by the first fatal accident for a competitor in the World Rally Championship. Co-driver Seppo Jämsä died of injuries sustained in a crash in Ouninpohja.

The rally route became a secret again in 1975, and pre-event practice was heavily limited. Mikkola drove to a record fifth victory and Toyota became the first Japanese manufacturer to win the event. The 1977 and 1978 rallies were, in addition to the WRC, part of the FIA Cup for Rally Drivers, the predecessor to the drivers' world championship. In 1978, the course stretched to Kuopio and as a result 25 of the 45 special stages were new. The 1979 1000 Lakes raised the highest number of accepted entries to 150, and all 134 competitors could start the rally. World championship points were now awarded for drivers as well as for manufacturers. Fiat's Alén collected most by taking his third win in the event, ahead of Ari Vatanen and eventual champion Björn Waldegård.

1980s
For the 1980 season, the 1000 Lakes Rally lost its status as a world championship event for manufacturers, running for the first and last time only as a world drivers' championship event. The rally saw the return of the short Harju asphalt stage held in the center of Jyväskylä. Although the rally became the first in the world to issue action and safety instructions in 1980, several serious accidents marred the event in the early 1980s. At the 1981 rally, Austrian driver Franz Wittmann lost control of his Audi Quattro after the finish line of the fourth stage and crashed into five end-of-stage officials. Raul Falin, the chairman of AKK-Motorsport, died of his injuries soon after reaching the hospital. In 1983, Pekka Mällinen slid off the road on a fast curve, rolled twice and crashed into a thick pine tree. The accident killed his co-driver Reijo Nygren. At the 1984 rally, British driver Julian Roderick lost control of his car on a popular spectator area in the Humalamäki jumpers. He rolled his car several times and hit a wall of people who had been spectating in a forbidden area. Along with Roderick and his co-driver, nine spectators suffered non-critical injuries.

Although the 1000 Lakes continued to be dominated by Nordic drivers, David Richards became the third British co-driver to celebrate the win in 1981. In 1982, the pre-rally scrutineering was moved to the newly built Jyväskylän jäähalli (Jyväskylä Ice Hall). All over 150 contestants passed the inspection. King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden arrived to follow the event and a record 450 reporters were present. Dominant Audi took a one-two with its factory drivers Hannu Mikkola and Stig Blomqvist, with team orders keeping them in their positions for the last half of the race. The 1983 rally featured a field of 180 cars, over a hundred of which failed to make it to the finish. Mikkola edged out Blomqvist to extend the event record to a still-standing seven wins. Mikkola's time on the 24.5 km Ouninpohja stage was 11:56; 52 seconds faster than his time just four years ago. In 1984, over half a million spectators were expected and about 5,000 marshals were appointed. Vatanen won the event and Peugeot continued their success in the last two Group B years, as Timo Salonen drove to victory in 1985 and 1986.

The 1985 event marked the first time the drivers' world championship had been decided in Finland; Salonen captured the title with three rallies to go. In 1986, the route was modified to bring the average speeds closer to the FISA limit of 110 km/h. The top drivers exceeded the limit almost regularly, but FISA had given the organisers a 10 percent flexibility. Combined with their dislike for the slower Group A cars, drivers were highly critical of the organisers for artificially slowing the rally in 1987. A record 214 drivers signed up for the 1988 event and 200 were qualified to start by the organisers. Albert II, Prince of Monaco arrived to follow the event and was scheduled to drive a few stages in an ex-Alén Lancia. In one of the tightest duels in the event's history, Toyota's Juha Kankkunen led Lancia's Markku Alén by just two seconds after 33 of the 39 stages. Kankkunen's engine failed on the next stage, and Alén became the first driver to win the same WRC round six times. As a taste of what was to come, only two Finnish drivers made it into top ten. In 1989, Mikael Ericsson of Sweden drove to victory as the first non-Finn in 18 years.

1990s
The 40th anniversary event in 1990 featured a route stretching to Tampere and gathered a large audience, roughly estimated at 450,000–500,000. Toyota's Spanish driver Carlos Sainz became the first competitor outside Finland and Sweden to win the rally. He had been slightly injured earlier during the week, when he crashed during a night-time practice run in the Vesala stage. Sainz's feat was soon repeated; Didier Auriol, who had become the first Frenchman on the podium in his debut in 1988, beat his Lancia teammate Kankkunen to the win in 1992. Kankkunen took his second win in three years in 1993. In 1994, the rally was renamed to Neste 1000 Lakes Rally as Neste became the title sponsor. A new super special stage was built at a slope of the Himos ski centre in Jämsä and it quickly proved popular among spectators.

Due to the WRC round rotation from 1994 to 1996, the 1995 Rally Finland was only part of the 2-litre World Cup (better known as Formula 2). As a result, audience numbers dropped. The event was also overshadowed by a fatal accident. During the rainy and windy Hassi stage, a 20-year-old spectator did not hear the zero car driven by Bruno Thiry coming. Although Thiry was able to dodge into a ditch, his car bounced back on the road and hit the woman at 100 - 120 km/h. She flew 50 m down the road and succumbed to her injuries within minutes. Next year in Harju, Danish driver Karsten Richardt carried far too much speed into a right-hander. After hitting a bump and getting airborne, he missed the curve and went straight, hitting a road sign and a concrete barrier. Uncontrollably airborne, his car eventually plunged into the crowd 70 m off the course. 29 spectators were brought to the hospital. 45-year-old Belgian tourist Ludo Briers was operated on within 38 minutes, but his injuries soon proved fatal. Before being hit, Briers had pushed one spectator to safety and protected another with his body. In a subdued celebration, drivers from Central Finland manned the podium; Tommi Mäkinen took his third win in a row, ahead of Kankkunen and Jarmo Kytölehto.

In 1997, AKK Sports, the marketing company of AKK-Motorsport, took over as the organiser and the WRC teams awarded the event for its safety efforts. A new super special stage was built at Hippos, along with a VIP village for 1,600 people. In the following year, teams voted the event as the Rally of the Year. On his way to a record third consecutive title, Mäkinen set a record with his fifth Rally Finland win in a row. Entry lists included ice hockey star and auto racing enthusiast Teemu Selänne, who finished 33rd in 1997 and 24th in 1998. The event also attracted environmental criticism throughout the decade; protests gathered about a hundred participants in 1997 and two hundred in 1998. In a 1997 study by the University of Jyväskylä, partly funded by AKK, Jyväskylä and Rally Finland, the environmental impact was estimated to be small; the noise from the rally cars, helicopters and speakers was considered the biggest harm. In 1999, Harju was dropped from the route and extra points were awarded to the three fastest drivers of the Ruuhimäki stage, which was televised live by Yle to millions around the world.

2000s
After years of rumours of the rally moving from Jyväskylä to Southern Finland for better accommodations, Tampere announced its intention to host the event after 1999. Jyväskylä retained the event but the headquarters were relocated to the large newly built Paviljonki congress and trade fair centre. Previously, Laajavuori had served as the competition centre for 30 years. The Hippos super special was dropped in favour of a similar stage at the Killeri harness racing track by the lake Killerjärvi, where the audience had better visibility of the competing cars. The 50th running of the Rally Finland in 2000 was won by Peugeot's Marcus Grönholm, who would go on to dominate the event. In 2002, Englishman Richard Burns challenged teammate Grönholm to become the third non-Nordic competitor to win the rally, but broke his car on a jump in Ouninpohja while leading the event. The next foreign winner was Ford's Estonian driver Markko Märtin in the following year. For the first time in the history of the event, no Finnish driver made it onto the podium.

Rally Finland was chosen the "Rally of the Year" for the third year in a row in 2004. Despite Lahti entering the race, a unanimous decision was made to keep Jyväskylä as the rally headquarters. In 2005, Grönholm set the still-standing record for the highest average speed in a world rally; 122.86 km/h. In the 2007 Rally Finland, Grönholm equalled Mikkola's win record and became the first driver to win the same WRC event seven times. At the 2008 rally, Sébastien Loeb added his name to the list of non-Nordic winners. This also marked Citroën's first win since 1962.

As the World Rally Championship reintroduced round rotation in 2009, Rally Finland signed a five-year contract with WRC promoter International Sportsworld Communicators (ISC), insuring that the event stays in the calendar annually. The 2010 event saw a major change; the rally was run in two days instead of three and finished on Saturday. Ford's Finns Mikko Hirvonen and Jari-Matti Latvala took their debut home wins in 2009 and 2010, respectively. At the 2011 Rally Finland, Loeb made history by becoming the first non-Finn to win the event twice. The event expanded to Lahti in the south and brought classic rally cars to the route, as some of the stages were also part of the Lahti Historic Rally.

Geographic features
Rally Finland is known for its smooth and wide gravel roads, numerous big jumps (or yumps) and blind crests.

It is the highest-speed rally in the World Rally Championship, having averaged 125.4 km/h in 2015. Of the nine fastest-ever WRC rallies by average speed, eight are editions of the Rally Finland. As a result, it has become known as the "Grand Prix of rallying", "Finnish Grand Prix" and "Gravel Grand Prix".

The high number of jumps led to the nickname "The Rally of the Thousand Jumps". Formula One world champion Kimi Räikkönen said that the event "is probably the closest to asphalt driving as you can get on gravel." According to The Sydney Morning Herald, the roads are considered the best in the world championship. As the high-speed corners are often surrounded by trees, carefully crafted pacenotes and correct racing lines are necessary to survive the event; small errors easily lead to big crashes.

Popularity
Although Rally Finland has traditionally been a difficult event for non-Nordic competitors, it is popular among drivers as well as fans. The rally attracts hundreds of thousands of spectators each year, and only Monte Carlo Rally and Wales Rally GB have ever attracted more starters. Along with the Wales Rally GB, it is the only event to have featured in all but one WRC season. The WRC teams voted Rally Finland the "Rally of the Year" in 1998, 2002, 2003 and 2004. The official website of the World Rally Championship lists the event as one of the "undoubted highlights" of a season.

Ouninpohja stage
The most famous competitive section of the rally is Ouninpohja. Well known for its high-speed jumps and sweeping corners, it ranks among the most prestigious special stages in the world. At one jump located 6 km from the start line, close to a landmark yellow house, spectators measure the length of the jumps and mark the distance by the roadside. In 2003, Markko Märtin set the record for the longest jump, travelling 57 m in the air at a speed of 171 km/h.

The Ouninpohja stage was split into two parts for the 2005 and 2006 events, as Petter Solberg had exceeded the FIA's maximum average speed (130 km/h) in 2004. The rule was changed for 2007 and Ouninpohja returned as a 33 km version, although the organisers added three chicanes. However, the stage was left out of the route in 2008. Jarmo Mahonen, managing director of AKK Sports, stated that "the matter was discussed with the FIA already last year, and at the time we were able to keep Ouninpohja as a part of our route. This year we have to leave it out for safety reasons." In 2012, the Ouninpohja stage returned and also served as the power stage. The stage ranges from 97 m to a maximum of 180 m in elevation.

title: Rally Finland


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Onley

Onley may refer to:
 * Onley, Virginia, a town in Accomack County, Virginia, United States
 * Onley (lost settlement), a lost village in Northamptonshire, England
 * Onley (HM Prison), a Category C men's prison in Warwickshire, England
 * David Onley, a Canadian journalist, lieutenant governor of Ontario

title: Onley


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Onota

Onota may refer to:
 * Onota (beetle), a genus of beetle in the family Carabidae
 * Onota, Au Train Township, Michigan, a historical village
 * Onota, Onota Township, Michigan, a current unincorporated community
 * Onota Township, Michigan
 * Lake Onota, in Pittsfield, Massachusetts

title: Onota


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/St.John's School Marhauli

St.John's School Marhauli was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

Non-notable Indian school. Dunc_Harris|☺ 10:41, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - only 12 Google hits. [[User:Mike Storm|Mike ∞ Storm]] 14:09, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete: Linkholder substub. If there is some notability to this non-US school (incidentally, the only rationale ever offered that I'm aware of for inclusion of every HS in America is that a List of Schools article hit VfD over whether or not we could really have them an the resolution was no real resolution; no such debate has taken place over non-US schools), it's surely not present in the single line on the school that takes us to its link. Geogre 17:45, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. - Centrx 17:15, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)


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User talk:JonC

Un-necessary Dartmoor edits?
Hey just wondering why you deleted the entire works that I added to the Dartmoor posts; The wartime history, the events that happen over dartmoor, death valley etc. I can see that the death valley section may be cause for deletion, but as for the others: they needed cleaning & polishing yes, but they were NEW and relevant things. Acra 20:50, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Sorry if it looked as if I was picking on you! Just under pressure to edit the page, after it was labelled for 'cleanup'. I tried not to actually lose any new material, but to condense it, or move it to more appropriate places. The Death Valley section, for example, was moved to the Ten Tors pages. The military references were becoming a bit scattered and over-long, so I thought they ought to be condensed into a single section. If I did delete anything on wartime history, it was probably because it appeared unduly significant, with a thousand years covered in a few paragraphs! However, I'm not too 'precious' about this. Why not put it back and see what others think? Jon

No, it's ok... didn't know you'd moved the Death Valley part... Annoyingly, it seems that the article is still marked for cleanup, although I'd have said that you and other contributors had done a good job of cleaning... Acra 17:08, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Thanks. Yes, I think it's a pretty decent page overall - of a higher standard than other UK national park sites, and better than many similar sites that are NOT marked for clean-up. Seems a little random! Not entirely sure what more we can do at this stage. Jon

Err - Dartmoor
Hi Jon. Rather a new Wikipedian so apologies if this is not the way. This coupled with the fact that you obviously have some input in Dartmoor subject matter and that you are about the only Wikipedian I "know" has led me to write here. Unusually, according to friends, I'm not just diving in but trying to learn a bit first. However I do have some knowledge on aspects of Dartmoor and a few (serious) books on the moors so I may be able to add a little.

Geography/geology don't seem well treated and man's use of the moors over the years don't strike me as being given the weight they deserve compared with such issues as letterboxing. Equally a list of tors and rivers doesn't seem interesting tho I could easily add to them.

If you have the time and inclination pointers would be welcome. As a ps I'm not sure about the piccy of the English Electric Lighning - I have no recollection of this being on the moors. All the best & TIA Nigel 16:14, 7 July 2006 (UTC)

Nigel - I agree with everything you say. Some areas of the Dartmoor pages seem to have developed at the expense of others.

- Geography/geology: deserves more. I included quite of lot of detail on the formation of tors, which appears in the 'tor' page (although now heavily edited)

- Man's use of moors: I created a separate 'Dartmoor tin-mining' page, because this threatened to become too long. Perhaps we need a good summary here?

- List of tors: I never liked this. The list could easily become endless. Also, there's a dispute over what is a tor, and what is a hill. Best to limit to 'well known tors'? ie: those with stories attached?

- Rivers: Seems OK to me. So long as we're not missing any (and must be careful not to start listing streams, or we fall into the same trap as 'tors')

- Electric Lightning pic: not keen either. Have never seen this in my travels, and is not typical. The moor really isn't littered with wreckage, is it.

In conclusion: some work is needed. If you make constructive changes, rather than mercilessly deleting what you don't like, people tend to accept it. So go for it! I will do my bit when (and if) I have time. Jon

 * Hi Jon - many thanks for the support and encouragement, I do appreciate it.

- Man's use. I like the tinning page (it was one of the reasons I approached you). The industrial archaeology one is good too and I may well add to that - I have quite a good reference book on the subject.

- Tors list. I started thinking - great I can add to this and then realised just how boring it was! I looked at the page of "list of peaks in the Peak district" and thought that might be a model?

- Rivers. Perception is fascinating isn't it. You think they are fine - I think they are sparse. My reason would be that they are very thin on information about their courses and places of interest. The Erme valley has one of the longest stone rows in Europe on for example. Equally I added 2 streams because of what is or was on them. The Swimcombe has at its head Fox Tor mire and was at one stage going to be a reservoir, the O brook had one of the last working tin mines on it. Am I barking up the wrong tree here - your views really would be welcome.

Thanks and all the best Nigel 17:42, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

Sounds good. As far as as rivers are concerned - no problem. I'm just wary of creating big lists - that's why the best options might be 'others include' or 'best known...' so that it doesn't have to be comprehensive. I mean, there are probably more streams on Dartmoor than sheep.

My personal view is that a notable tin mine or stone row should eventually be a subject in its own right, rather than linked to a page about a stream, just because it happens to be next to it. The O Brook mines are a great example (Whiteworks? I forget). But this is just my view - would hate to trample on your knowledge and enthusiasm! Jon

Thanks again Jon - reflecting (unusual for me) I think I probably see it your way. It may just be easier to start some stuff in rivers that then gets edited to another page - still coming to terms with the concept of an evolving encyclopedia! Sideline - Whiteworks is Swincombe (+ Childe's tomb + Fox tor mire - Conan Doyle etc etc), O brook is Henrost among other.

All the best Nigel 13:42, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

A Dartmoor suggestion
Hi Jon

Bit more experienced now and thinking about the main Dartmoor page and thought I would run this past you. I wonder if the page could be tidier if we created some categories - Dartmoor Rivers, Dartmoor Villages and then linked that to the Dartmoor page rather than the current list approach? Could leave the main tors, rivers etc on the Dartmoor page with a "see also" for the rest. It should make the page a little sharper

Obviously comments welcome and I will post similar on the talk page but I'm not sure if many watch that. All the best --Nigel (Talk) 12:12, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

Yes, I think that makes sense. However, do be sure that it fits within Wiki policy. There are guidelines on what pages should look like, and presumably on when to include 'breakaway' sections. I'm not the best person to ask. Have made changes in the past that made sense to me only for someone to tick me off because I didn't follow a Wiki rule that I was unaware of! Best to have a read through the guidelines. Not sure which bit. Maybe start here? Guide to layout. And yes, try the Dartmoor discussion page. All those who are 'watching' Dartmoor will be notified of your addition. Jon

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:50, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:JonC


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Onaka

Onaka may refer to:
 * Onaka (grape), a hybrid grape cultivar
 * Onaka, South Dakota, United States
 * Ōnaka Station, Gujō, Gifu Prefecture, Japan

People with the surname

 * Yūya Onaka (尾仲 祐哉), Japanese footballer

title: Onaka