text:
Talk:Earl of Devon

Numbering
The numbering is probably like his:

 * First Creation:

1. Balwin de Reviers, created about 1141, died 1155, succeeded by his son:

2. Richard de Reviers, died 1162, succeeded by his son:

3. Baldwin de Reviers, died 1188, succeeded by his brother:

4. Richard de Reviers, died in or before 1193, succeeded by his uncle:

5. William de Reviers, died 1217, succeeded by his grandson:

6. Baldwin de Reviers, died 1245, succeeded by his son:

7. Baldwin de Redviers, died 1262, succeeded by his sister:

8. Isabella de Redviers, died 1293, succeeded by her cousin:

9. Hugh de Courtenay, great-great-grandson of the 5th Earl, declared Earl in 1335 (this is sometimes reckoned as a new creation in tail male), died 1340, succeeded by his son:

10. Hugh de Courtenay, died 1377, succeeded by his grandson:

11. Edward de Courtenay, died 1419, succeeded by his son:

12. Hugh de Courtenay, died 1422, succeeded by his son:

13. Thomas de Courtenay, died 1458, succeeded by his son:

14. Thomas Courtenay, beheaded & attainted 1461.

15. John Courtenay, brother of 14th Earl, restored 1470, forfeited & killed 1471.

 * Second Creation:

1. Humphrey Stafford, created May 1469, beheaded & forfeited August 1469.

 * Third Creation:

1. Edward Courtenay, great-great-grandson of the 10th (or 2nd) Earl, attainted in 1484, created Earl of Devonshire in 1485, with remainder to the heirs male of his body, and later the same year the attainder was reversed and his honours restored (possibly including an earldom supposedly created in 1335), died 1509, and his titles forfeited by his son’s attainder.

 * Fourth Creation:

1. William Courtenay, son of the previous Earl, attainted 1504, attainder reversed & created Earl of Devon in May 1511, but died in June 1511 before he had been invested, succeeded in 1512 by his son:

2. Henry Courtenay, obtained a reversal of his father’s attainder and succeeded as Earl of Devon in 1512, attainted 1538, beheaded 1539.

 * Fifth Creation:

1. Edward Courtenay, son of the previous Earl, created 1553 with remainder to his heirs male whatsoever (so determined in 1831), died 1556, theoretically succeeded by his sixth cousin once removed:

2. William Courtenay, great-great-great-great-great-great-grandson of the 10th (or 2nd) Earl, killed 1557, his son:

3. William Courtenay, died 1630, his son:

4. Francis Courtenay, died 1638, his son:

5. William Courtenay, created Baronet 1644, died 1702, his grandson:

6. William Courtenay, 2nd Baronet, his son:

7. William Courtenay, 3rd Baronet, created Viscount Courtenay on 6 May 1762, and died on 16 May 1762, his son:

8. William Courtenay, 2nd Viscount, died 1788, his son:

9. William Courtenay, 3rd Viscount, declared 9th Earl of Devon in 1831 (Sharpe’s Genealogical Peerage, dated 1830, explained: “William, Eleventh Earl of Devon, descended from Hugh, second Earl, succeeded to the Earldom on the judgment of the House of Lords that he had made out his claim, 15 March 1831, as William, Eleventh and Present Earl. The Earl, although only the eleventh of his family who has borne the title, is the eighteenth in hereditary descent; or the twentieth, taking in the reversals of attainder in the short lived restoration of King Henry VI, 1470. He is the ninth under the patent, so long dormant, of 1553, under which he has established his claim”), died 1835, succeeded by his cousin:

10. William Courtenay, died 1859, succeeded by his son:

11. William Reginald Courtenay, died 1888, succeeded by his son:

12. Edward Baldwin Courtenay, died 1891, succeeded by his uncle:

13. Henry Hugh Courtenay, died 1904, succeeded by his grandson:

14. Charles Pepys Courtenay, died 1927, succeeded by his brother:

15. Henry Hugh Courtenay, died February 1935, succeeded by his brother:

16. Frederick Leslie Courtenay, died June 1935, succeeded by his son:

17. Charles Christopher Courtenay Courtenay, died 1998, succeeded by his son:

18. Hugh Rupert Courtenay, born 1942.

 * Sixth Creation:

1. Charles Blount, created “Comes Devon” in 1603, died 1606, title extinct.

 * Seventh Creation:

1. William Cavendish, created “Comes Devon” in 1618, died 1626, succeeded by his son:

2. William Cavendish, died 1628, succeeded by his son:

3. William Cavendish, died 1689, succeeded by his son:

4. William Cavendish, created “Dux Devon” in 1694, died 1707, succeeded by his son:

5. William Cavendish, 2nd Duke & 5th Earl, died 1729, succeeded by his son:

6. William Cavendish, 3rd Duke & 6th Earl, died 1755, succeeded by his son:

7. William Cavendish, 4th Duke & 7th Earl, died 1764, succeeded by his son:

8. William Cavendish, 5th Duke & 8th Earl, died 1811, succeeded by his son:

9. William George Spencer Cavendish, 6th Duke & 9th Earl, died 1858, succeeded by his cousin:

10. William Cavendish, 7th Duke & 10th Earl, died 1891, succeeded by his son:

11. Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke & 11th Earl, died 1908, succeeded by his nephew:

12. Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke & 12th Earl, died 1938, succeeded by his son:

13. Edward William Spencer Cavendish, 10th Duke & 13th Earl, died 1950, succeeded by his son:

14. Andrew Robert Buxton Cavendish, 11th Duke & 14th Earl, died 2004, succeeded by his son:

15. Peregrine Andrew Morny Cavendish, 12th Duke & 15th Earl, born 1944.

Hovite 09:04, 26 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Hmm.
 * Surely the creation of the Dukedom of Devonshire shouldn't be listed here?
 * So, the article text should be:

Version 1 - 1335 as continuance of first creation
The title of Earl of Devon was created several times in the Peerage of England, and was possessed first by the de Reviers family, and later for the Courtenay. It is not to be confused with the title of "Earl of Devonshire", held along with the title of Duke of Devonshire by the Cavendish family, although the patent for the creation of those peerages used the same Latin words, Comes Devon. The title was dormant for several centuries after the death of the last Earl in 1556, but a Courtenay successfully claimed the title in the mid-19th century.

Unlike the Dukes of Devonshire, the Earls of Devon are strongly connected with the county of Devon. Their seat is Powderham Castle, near Starcross on the River Exe.

Earls of Devon, First Creation (1141)

 * Baldwin de Reviers, 1st Earl of Devon (d. 1155)
 * Richard de Reviers, 2nd Earl of Devon (d. 1162)
 * Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon (d. 1188)
 * Richard de Reviers, 4th Earl of Devon (d. 1193)
 * William de Reviers, 5th Earl of Devon (d. 1217)
 * Baldwin de Reviers, 6th Earl of Devon (1217-1245)
 * Baldwin de Reviers, 7th Earl of Devon (1236-1262)
 * Isabella de Reviers, 8th Countess of Devon (d. 1293)
 * Hugh de Courtenay, 9th Earl of Devon (1276-1340)
 * Hugh de Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon (1303-1377)
 * Edward de Courtenay, 11th Earl of Devon (1357-1419)
 * Hugh de Courtenay, 12th Earl of Devon (1389-1422)
 * Thomas de Courtenay, 13th Earl of Devon (1414-1458)
 * Thomas Courtenay, 14th Earl of Devon (1432-1461) (attainted 1461)
 * John Courtenay, 15th Earl of Devon (1435-1471) (restored 1470; forfeited 1471)

Earl of Devon, Second Creation (1469)

 * Humphrey Stafford, 1st Earl of Devon (1439-1469) (restored May 1469; forfeited August 1469)

Earl of Devon, Third Creation (1485)

 * Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (d. 1509) (attainted 1484; created 1485; restored 1485; forfeited 1509 by son’s attainder)

Earls of Devon, Fourth Creation (1511)

 * William Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (1475-1511) (attainted 1504; restored 1511; died before investiture)
 * Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter, 2nd Earl of Devon (1498-1539) (attainted 1538)

Earls of Devon, Fifth Creation (1553)

 * Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (1527-1556) (restored 1553; dormant 1556†)
 * William Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon (d. 1557)
 * William Courtenay, 3rd Earl of Devon (d. 1630)
 * Francis Courtenay, 4th Earl of Devon (d. 1638)

Courtenay Baronets (1644)

 * Sir William Courtenay, 5th Earl of Devon, 1st Baronet (d. 1702) (created 1644)
 * Sir William Courtenay, 6th Earl of Devon, 2nd Baronet

Viscounts Courtenay (1762)

 * William Courtenay, 7th Earl of Devon, 1st Viscount Courtenay (d. May 16 1762) (created 1762)
 * William Courtenay, 8th Earl of Devon, 2nd Viscount Courtenay (d. 1788)

Earls of Devon, Fifth Creation, revived

 * William Courtenay, 9th Earl of Devon, 3rd Viscount Courtenay (1768-1835) (retrospectively revivied 1831†)
 * William Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon (1777-1859)
 * William Reginald Courtenay, 11th Earl of Devon (1807-1888)
 * Edward Baldwin Courtenay, 12th Earl of Devon (1836-1891)
 * Henry Hugh Courtenay, 13th Earl of Devon (1811-1904)
 * Charles Pepys Courtenay, 14th Earl of Devon (1870-1927)
 * Henry Hugh Courtenay, 15th Earl of Devon (1872-1935)
 * Frederick Leslie Courtenay, 16th Earl of Devon (1875-1935)
 * Charles Christopher Courtenay, 17th Earl of Devon (1916-1998)
 * Hugh Rupert Courtenay, 18th Earl of Devon (b. 1942)

Earls of Devon, Sixth Creation (1603)

 * Charles Blount, 1st Earl of Devon (1563-1606) (extinct)

†: 1553 creation was with remainder to his heirs male whatsoever, so theoretically succeeded by his sixth cousin once removed; thus the 1831 revival was to the 9th member of the family with respect to said creation.

 * ... or, if taking the 1335 transfer as the second creation:

Version 2 - 1335 as second creation
The title of Earl of Devon was created several times in the Peerage of England, and was possessed first by the de Reviers family, and later for the Courtenay. It is not to be confused with the title of "Earl of Devonshire", held along with the title of Duke of Devonshire by the Cavendish family, although the patent for the creation of those peerages used the same Latin words, Comes Devon. The title was dormant for several centuries after the death of the last Earl in 1556, but a Courtenay successfully claimed the title in the mid-19th century.

Unlike the Dukes of Devonshire, the Earls of Devon are strongly connected with the county of Devon. Their seat is Powderham Castle, near Starcross on the River Exe.

Earls of Devon, First Creation (1141)

 * Baldwin de Reviers, 1st Earl of Devon (d. 1155)
 * Richard de Reviers, 2nd Earl of Devon (d. 1162)
 * Baldwin de Reviers, 3rd Earl of Devon (d. 1188)
 * Richard de Reviers, 4th Earl of Devon (d. 1193)
 * William de Reviers, 5th Earl of Devon (d. 1217)
 * Baldwin de Reviers, 6th Earl of Devon (1217-1245)
 * Baldwin de Reviers, 7th Earl of Devon (1236-1262)
 * Isabella de Reviers, 8th Countess of Devon (d. 1293)

Earls of Devon, Second Creation (1335)

 * Hugh de Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (1276-1340)
 * Hugh de Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon (1303-1377)
 * Edward de Courtenay, 3rd Earl of Devon (1357-1419)
 * Hugh de Courtenay, 4th Earl of Devon (1389-1422)
 * Thomas de Courtenay, 5th Earl of Devon (1414-1458)
 * Thomas Courtenay, 6th Earl of Devon (1432-1461) (attainted 1461)
 * John Courtenay, 7th Earl of Devon (1435-1471) (restored 1470; forfeited 1471)

Earl of Devon, Third Creation (1469)

 * Humphrey Stafford, 1st Earl of Devon (1439-1469) (restored May 1469; forfeited August 1469)

Earl of Devon, Fourth Creation (1485)

 * Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (d. 1509) (attainted 1484; created 1485; restored 1485; forfeited 1509 by son’s attainder)

Earls of Devon, Fifth Creation (1511)

 * William Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (1475-1511) (attainted 1504; restored 1511; died before investiture)
 * Henry Courtenay, 1st Marquess of Exeter, 2nd Earl of Devon (1498-1539) (attainted 1538)

Earls of Devon, Sixth Creation (1553)

 * Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (1527-1556) (restored 1553; dormant 1556†)
 * William Courtenay, 2nd Earl of Devon (d. 1557)
 * William Courtenay, 3rd Earl of Devon (d. 1630)
 * Francis Courtenay, 4th Earl of Devon (d. 1638)

Courtenay Baronets (1644)

 * Sir William Courtenay, 5th Earl of Devon, 1st Baronet (d. 1702) (created 1644)
 * Sir William Courtenay, 6th Earl of Devon, 2nd Baronet

Viscounts Courtenay (1762)

 * William Courtenay, 7th Earl of Devon, 1st Viscount Courtenay (d. May 16 1762) (created 1762)
 * William Courtenay, 8th Earl of Devon, 2nd Viscount Courtenay (d. 1788)

Earls of Devon, Sixth Creation, revived

 * William Courtenay, 9th Earl of Devon, 3rd Viscount Courtenay (1768-1835) (retrospectively revivied 1831†)
 * William Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon (1777-1859)
 * William Reginald Courtenay, 11th Earl of Devon (1807-1888)
 * Edward Baldwin Courtenay, 12th Earl of Devon (1836-1891)
 * Henry Hugh Courtenay, 13th Earl of Devon (1811-1904)
 * Charles Pepys Courtenay, 14th Earl of Devon (1870-1927)
 * Henry Hugh Courtenay, 15th Earl of Devon (1872-1935)
 * Frederick Leslie Courtenay, 16th Earl of Devon (1875-1935)
 * Charles Christopher Courtenay, 17th Earl of Devon (1916-1998)
 * Hugh Rupert Courtenay, 18th Earl of Devon (b. 1942)

Earls of Devon, Seventh Creation (1603)

 * Charles Blount, 1st Earl of Devon (1563-1606) (extinct)

†: 1553 creation was with remainder to his heirs male whatsoever, so theoretically succeeded by his sixth cousin once removed; thus the 1831 revival was to the 9th member of the family with respect to said creation.

 * Is this right, or am I making a complete mess of it?
 * James F. (talk) 13:24, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

You look to be right - this makes sense out of the 9th Earl thing... john k 15:54, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

The following additional comments may be of interest:

The sources for the notes that commenced this discussion were:

 * Sharpe, John (incorrectly dated 1830) Sharpe’s Genealogical Peerage of the British Empire. London.
 * Gibbs, Vicary & others (1910-98) The Complete Peerage, 2nd edition. London.
 * Fryde, E. B & others (1986) Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd edition. London.
 * Samuels, William S. (1980) Burke’s Peerage and Baronetage, 105th edition, 4th impression. London.

Supposed creation in 1335: It seems likely that Hugh de Courtenay simply inherited the earldom from his third cousin.

Burke’s Peerage says: “HUGH, EARL OF DEVON, who succeeded also to the great Honour of Plympton in Devon, 1293, as heir of the family of Reviers, Earls of Devon 1141-1293; was summoned to Parliament as Lord Courtenay 1299-1334; and on claiming the third penny of the county of Devon, was declared Earl of Devon by letters patent, 22 Febuary 1335, following upon due investigation”.

The Handbook of British Chronology lists this Hugh de Courtenay as “9. Hugh de Courtenay, cousin & heir; born 1275-76, styled from 22 February 1335; died 23 December 1240”.

The Complete Peerage says: “He succeeded his father 28 February 1292 in the Okehampton estate, being then 16 years old, and succeeded his abovenamed cousin Isabel 10 November 1293, in such of the Reviers estates as had not been alienated, and (possibly) as de jure EARL OF DEVON, though not so recognised till more than 40 years later”.

On the other hand, Sharpe’s Genealogical Peerage said “representing to King Edward III that the claim which he had inherited to the ‘tertium denarium’ was refused to be paid, because he was ‘no Earl’ was created (the line of Redvers having failed) EARL OF DEVON, 1335, and took his place on the bench as youngest Earl, but the following year was restored to the precendence of his maternal ancestors”.

A similar story is told by

Burke, Sir Bernard (1883) A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire.

which concludes: “The king immediately instituted an inquiry into the affair, and finding it as stated removed the difficulty by creating his lordship an earl”.

Numbering: The usual practice is that the numbering starts afresh with each new creation, but the various reference books do not always follow this simple rule.

Sharpe’s Genealogical Peerage called the first Courtenay earl “HUGH, FIRST EARL OF DEVON”, but seemed somewhat confused by the supposed dormancy, referring to the revived Earl thusly: “The Earl, although only the eleventh of his family who has borne the title, is the eighteenth in hereditary descent; or the twentieth, taking in the reversals of attainder in the short lived restoration of King Henry VI, 1470. He is the ninth under the patent, so long dormant, of 1553, under which he has established his claim”.

Burke’s Peerage ignored all the earls before 1553, and then numbered them from that creation onwards, referring to each of the imaginary earls during the supposed dormancy as “de jure nth Earl of Devon”.

The Complete Peerage used two different systems simultaneously: Roman numerals for each successive earl and Arabic numerals for the members of the same family, without regard to attainders and new creations. The Blount and Cavendish creations had a separate numbering with this justification:

“The Earldom of this County as enjoyed since 1603 (at which period, and for more than two centuries afterwards, the Earldom thereof enjoyed by the Courtenay family was considered extinct) is treated as ‘Devonshire’ (to distinguish it from the Courtenay Earldom) and is numbered (for the sake of clearness) as if the title were distinct. Two Earldoms of the same county (Devon) having (according to the decision in 1831) existed since the 17th century concurrently, this appears to be the best, though perhaps not the most logical, way of treating the junior one”.

The Handbook of British Chronology used a similar system, but this is only to be expected, because “The chief sources from which this compilation is taken are The Complete Peerage (1st and 2nd editions)”, except that they used Arabic numerals consecutively, using bold numbers to identify each new creation. Inevitably, they listed the Blount and Cavendish creations under “Devonshire”.

Supposed distinction between Devon and Devonshire:

Devon and Devonshire are alternative names for the same place. In reality, the Blount and Cavendish creations were new grants of an old title, then believed extinct, and in both cases (according to The Complete Peerage) the words used were “Comes Devon”. The Courtenay earl created in 1485 is referred to the Parliament Roll as “Devonshire” (again according to The Complete Peerage). It is a fact of history that duplicated titles occur. Other examples are the Barons Strange and the Earls of Mar. The original Baron Strange was created in 1299, but the title is now Baron Strange of Knokin, in order to distinguish it from Baron Strange, accidentally created in 1628, when the wrong man was summoned to Parliament. The Mar case is very confused, involving a confiscation and regrant, but the result is that there are now two Earldoms of Mar, one of which happens to be merged with the Earldom of Kellie.

The correct treatment of the Blount and Cavendish creations is to say something along the lines of “Although these were new grants of the old title, which was then believed extinct, and although the words used were ‘Comes Devon’, these later creations are usually referred to as ‘of Devonshire’ in order to avoid confusion with the subsequently revived Courtenay creation of 1553”.

--Hovite 21:24, 24 July 2004 (UTC)

---

But why is the creation of 1603 still the Seventh Creation? - --VM 16:49, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

Article title for de jure Earls
Is it appropriate for those who were only discovered to have been an earl long after their death to have an article with the description Earl. The de jure 6th Earl was an MP, which he could not have been if he had known he had an earldom and was entitled to sit in the House of Lords. This is not merely an academic point, as WP is likely to ahve articles eventually for all MPs. Peterkingiron (talk) 22:02, 8 September 2008 (UTC)

 * You might look at Baron Hylton as an example; we have, e.g., John Hylton, de jure 18th Baron Hylton, sometime MP. Choess (talk) 15:11, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

 * For what it's worth, my view is that an article title which would have surprised most of the subject's contemporaries, and perhaps even the subject himself, must be wrong. Surely the "de jure 18th Baron Hylton" (or whatever) is better left out of the article title but should be included in the lead? Moonraker2 (talk) 19:12, 8 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I'd say de jure titles should only be included when necessary for disambiguation, and there's no other way to disambiguate. The de jure 6th Earl should probably be at Sir William Courtenay, 2nd Baronet, just as his son is at William Courtenay, 1st Viscount Courtenay. john k (talk) 22:43, 8 September 2010 (UTC)
 * I would support that line of reasoning. The practice is that the article title should incorporate the highest title that the subject held.  For a person with a de jure title of which he was unaware, that title will be one that he never held in his lifetime.  Contemporary references to him will inevitably be to the title of which he was aware.  To apply the de jure title to him is a form of anachronism.  His right to the higher title should no doubt be mentioned, possibly in the lead, probably in any discussion of his descendants.  Peterkingiron (talk) 23:43, 10 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, this seems right. I do think that if there's someone for whom we have an article and no other way to distinguish him than by the de jure title, we should perhaps use it - for instance William Courtenay, de jure 3rd Earl of Devon - but I'm doubtful that such people are likely to be notable. john k (talk) 04:49, 11 September 2010 (UTC)

Bad link, Don't know a correct one to replace References

^ http://www.burkes-peerage.com/Search/FullRecordBottom.aspx?ID=3751 - Devon [edit]External links — Preceding unsigned comment added by Shieldwolf (talk • contribs) 15:23, 8 July 2011 (UTC)

Different 'creations' of the earldom
It seems there has been earlier discussion of this topic, but an incomplete resolution of it, as there are inconsistencies in the article itself. For example, mentioned is made of the 10th Earl of Devon in the main text of the article, but there is no 10th Earl of Devon anywhere in the various 'creations' of the earldom listed later in the article.

The Complete Peerage numbers the earls successively, not differentiating them by starting the numbering all over again by separate 'creations', and Richardson's Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd ed., Vol. I, pp. 538-47, for the period in which it covers the Earls of Devon, does the same. Although the online Oxford Dictionary of National Biography has only a brief entry for two of the pre-Tudor Earls of Devon, it identifies them in the same way as The Complete Peerage and Magna Carta Ancestry.

This must be confusing for Wikipedia readers, who not only find in the main text of this article reference to a 10th Earl who never appears in any of the 'creations' listed in the article below the main text, but who also have to reconcile the renumbering of the Earls of Devon by 'creation', and the links to various individual biographies in Wikipedia, with the consecutive numbering system used in standard sources including The Complete Peerage, Magna Carta Ancestry, and the online ODNB.

Is there a simple solution to this? Comments, anyone? NinaGreen (talk) 16:33, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

 * You mean for the medieval earls, I assume? Restarting for each of the various Tudor creations seems to be standard, isn't it?  If the earlier earls  are, in fact, rarely numbered in the way wikipedia is doing it, we should follow what reliable sources do. john k (talk) 20:51, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the reply. Yes, I meant the medieval earls.  I don't think it would be too difficult to change the numbering, although in some cases pages would have to be moved and redirected. NinaGreen (talk) 21:21, 7 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Having read the earlier discussion, it seems to me that the 1335 patent was not a creation but a confirmation. This seems to be the consensus of the authors cited.  The best solution is probably to regard the earldom as dormant from the death of Isabel de Fortibus until the succession of the first Courtenay earl was recognised in 1335.  In other doubtful cases I think we have followed the numbering of Complete Peerage, which is probably still the most authorative work on the subject.  Peterkingiron (talk) 17:03, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

 * In line with what you've said above, I've added this statement to the Wikipedia page for Hugh de Courtenay, 9th Earl, citing Cokayne, Complete Peerage, Vol. IV, (1916), pp. 322-3:

 * Forty-one years after the death of his cousin, Isabel de Fortibus, Countess of Devon, letters patent were issued dated 22 February 1335 declaring him Earl of Devon, and stating that he 'should assume such title and style as his ancestors, Earls of Devon, had wont to do'.

 * See

 * During this 41-year hiatus he had been summoned to Parliament as Hugoni de Curtenay, 'wherein he is held to have become Lord Courtenay' (Cokayne, p. 323). For the last years of his life he thus held two titles simultaneously, being 9th Earl of Devon (as a result of the 1335 patent), and 1st Lord (or Baron) Courtenay, as a result of being summoned to Parliament in the years prior to the 1335 patent. Richardson terms him '9th Earl of Devon, 1st Lord Courtenay' on p. 539 of Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd ed., Vol. I. NinaGreen (talk) 20:20, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I've renumbered the Earls of the Courtenay line as per the foregoing discussion, but have not moved any pages. Comments? Is this satisfactory to everyone? NinaGreen (talk) 16:11, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I've added new material for individual earls not included in the earlier version of the article, and have added citations from Cokayne, and in some cases Richardson, for each earl in the period from the earliest Redvers Earls of Devon down to the reign of James I. I've also included links to the Wikipedia pages on the individual earls in instances where they were not linked earlier. I may have made some errors. If anyone notices any, I'd appreciate help in fixing them. Earlier editors have put a lot of work into this article, and I hope the editing I've done so far has built on that and improved the article by adding the sourcing requested in the notice at the top of the page. NinaGreen (talk) 20:57, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Earl of Devon


text:
Mehmood (actor)

Mehmood Ali (29 September 1932 – 23 July 2004), popularly known simply as Mehmood, was an Indian actor, singer, director and producer, best known for playing comic roles in Hindi films.

During his career of more than four decades, he worked in over 300 Hindi films. He is known as India's national comedian. Mehmood received 25 nominations for film awards, 19 for 'Best Performance in a Comic Role', while the awards started in 1954, awards for the best comedian category started only in 1967. Prior to that Mehmood also received 6 nominations for 'Best Supporting Actor'.

Early life
Mehmood Ali was born on 29 September 1932. He was the second of the eight children, and eldest son to Latifunnisa and film and stage actor/dancer Mumtaz Ali, who was a huge star of the 1940s and 1950s cinema in Bombay. Mehmood had an elder sister and six younger siblings. His sister, Minoo Mumtaz, was also a successful dancer and character actress in Bollywood movies. His youngest brother, Anwar Ali, is also an actor as well as a producer of such movies as Khud-daar and Kaash.

Early career
As a child, he worked in Bombay films like Kismet. He later had a number of odd jobs, selling poultry products and working as a driver for director P. L. Santoshi. Santoshi's son, Rajkumar Santoshi, would later cast him in the film Andaz Apna Apna (1994). Many of Mehmood's film songs were sung by Manna Dey.

Mehmood reportedly taught table tennis to actress Meena Kumari. After marrying legendary actress Meena Kumari's younger sister Madhu in the early 1950s and becoming a father by having a son, Masood, he decided to act to earn a better living starting with a small break as a killer in the film C.I.D. (1956 film). He started off by doing small, unnoticed roles in films like the peanut seller in Do Bigha Zameen and Pyaasa. He later went on to act in lead roles as well, but he was more appreciated for his comedy, some of which was in the Hyderabad region's Urdu accent. Mehmood knew exactly how to tickle the film viewers' funny bone. He was really good at playing the film hero's friend, who would help him out of sticky situations with his street-smart ways.

Besides actress Shubha Khote, he also teamed up with fellow comedian, I. S. Johar and actress Aruna Irani.

Later career
In the 1980s, Mehmood's popularity began to decline as other comedy actors like Jagdeep, Asrani, Paintal, Deven Verma and Kader Khan shot to prominence. Between 1990 and 1999, he made a handful of movies, but most of them were either shelved or made no impression. He acted as Johnny in Rajkumar Santoshi's Andaz Apna Apna (1994)– his last known film as an actor.

Death
On 23 July 2004, Mehmood died in his sleep in the American state of Pennsylvania, where he had gone for treatment of cardiovascular heart disease after suffering from poor health over several years. His fans were able to pay homage to him at Mehboob Studio in Bandra, Mumbai.

Legacy
One of his sons, Lucky Ali (Maqsood Ali), is a singer and composer who has also appeared in films. Mehmood was one of the most respected and loved entertainers in the Indian film fraternity. A performer of such caliber that leading men back in the day used to reject films because their presence used to diminish in films if they starred with Mehmood.

He was the one who introduced Amitabh Bachchan into the commercial cinema space. Mehmood saw potential in Amitabh and put him in films like Bombay To Goa (1972) which was a success. He also gave a break to the music director R. D. Burman whose first independent film as music director was Chhote Nawab (1961) and to Rajesh Roshan with his own production Kunwara Baap (1974).

Famous American actor, Gregory Peck said Mehmood was too handsome to be a comedian.

He and Tamil Comedian Nagesh were heavily influenced by the American Comedian Jerry Lewis. They copied his slapstick comedy and dancing style.

Just like, Martin and Lewis, Mehmood formed a comical partnership with another Bollywood legend I.S. Johar.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Mehmood (actor)


text:
Unstan ware

Unstan ware is the name used by archaeologists for a type of finely made and decorated Neolithic pottery from the 4th and 3rd millennia BC. Typical are elegant and distinctive shallow bowls with a band of grooved patterning below the rim, a type of decoration which was created using a technique known as "stab-and-drag". A second version consists of undecorated, round-bottomed bowls. Some of the bowls had bits of volcanic rock included in the clay to make them stronger. Bone tools were used to burnish the surfaces to make them shiny and impermeable.

Unstan ware is named after the Unstan Chambered Cairn on the Mainland of the Orkney Islands, a fine example of a stalled chambered tomb in a circular mound, where the style of pottery was first found in 1884. Unstan ware is mostly found in tombs, specifically tombs of the Orkney-Cromarty type. These include the Tomb of the Eagles at Isbister on South Ronaldsay, and Taversoe Tuick and Midhowe on Rousay.

Unstan ware has been found occasionally at sites in Orkney other than tombs; for example, the farmstead of Knap of Howar on Papa Westray. Although more recent excavations in Orkney have found Unstan ware to be a more common feature in a domestic context than previously thought, challenging the interpretation of Unstan ware being mainly from tombs and in the Western Isles, as at Eilean Domhnuill.

Unstan ware may have evolved into the later grooved ware style. This interpretation was originally based primarily on a presumed evolution in pottery styles, from Unstan ware to grooved ware, seen at the settlement of Rinyo on Rousay. D.V. Clarke claimed in 1983 that his investigations at Rinyo had debunked this sequence. John Hedges is another primary proponent of what might be termed the "cultural coexistence" hypothesis, suggesting that although Unstan ware may predate grooved ware, the cultures associated with these styles of pottery lived side by side across Orkney for centuries. In this interpretation of the evidence, grooved ware is associated with the builders of the Maeshowe class of chambered tomb. The geographic distribution in Orkney of the two pottery types is as follows: grooved ware is found on Mainland, Sanday, and North Ronaldsay, with Unstan ware found on Mainland and the remaining islands, especially Rousay and Eday. Hedges sums up his view this way: "What is important is an understanding that the neolithic population of Orkney can be divided into two major parts on the basis of some elements of their material cultures. It is probable that they originated from different areas and...there is no difficulty in imagining their ability to coexist."

However, he also notes: "One point that should be made at the outset is that there is no discernable difference in the culture- in the social anthropological sense- of the Grooved Ware and Unstan Ware people...it is only apparent from limited aspects of material culture and the evidence...shows it to have been subordinate to a tribal level of unity which took in the whole of Orkney."

title: Unstan ware


text:
Western Auto

Western Auto Supply Company—known more widely as Western Auto—was a specialty retail chain of stores that supplied automobile parts and accessories operating approximately 1,200 stores across the United States.

Started in 1909 in Kansas City, Missouri, by George Pepperdine and Don Abnor Davis, Pepperdine would later found Pepperdine University.

Western Auto was purchased by Beneficial Corporation in 1961; Western Auto's management led a leveraged buyout in 1985, leading three years later to a sale to Sears. Sears sold most of the company to Advance Auto Parts in 1998, and by 2003, the resulting merger had led to the end of the Western Auto brand and its product distribution network.

After the demise of Western Auto, the company's corporate headquarters at 2107 Grand Boulevard in Kansas City, Missouri, was transformed into loft condominiums; the Western Auto sign remaining atop the building. The sign was relit in July 13, 2018.

History
Western Auto originally started as a mail order business for replacement auto parts. The first retail store was established in 1921, and grew quickly as automobiles became increasingly more common. At one point, there were over 1,200 company-owned stores nationwide, usually located in metropolitan areas, and more than 4,000 associate stores (private, franchised, "dealer" locations), usually located in small towns. The associate store program was the first of its type, pioneering the way for modern day franchise operations. The company had five regional distribution centers in the United States, with the North Carolina center serving stores in Puerto Rico.

In addition to the auto parts stores, Western also owned two middle-sized tire store chains, a mobile radio maker called Midland International, and Eva Gabor International Ltd., a wig supplier. (source: LA Times)

Private labelling
Western Auto was known for its private labelled Western Flyer Bicycle and Performance Radial GT tire brand. Other Western Auto private-labeled brands included Davis tires, Tough One batteries, TrueTone electronics, Citation appliances, Wizard tools, and Wizard typewriters — the latter as re-branded typewriters manufactured by Brother Industries of Nagoya, Japan. Western Auto was also the parent company of Auto America and Parts America stores, and acquired National Tire Warehouse (NTW) stores. They also used the Wizard name on outdoor equipment including lawn mowers, tillers, outboard engines and boats for a short time, along with automotive parts such as batteries and tires.

Firearm sales
Sometime in the 1940s or 1950s, Western Auto started selling rifles and shotguns in its catalogues. As with other chains at the time, such as Sears, Roebuck and Co., Montgomery Ward, and J.C. Penney, Western Auto's firearms were sold under a proprietary brand name. Often called "store brand" firearms, they were produced by reputable name brand manufacturers, such as O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Remington Arms, Savage Arms, Winchester Repeating Arms Company, and High Standard Manufacturing Company. Western Auto firearms sold under the "Revelation" brand name, and were generally models from the brands Savage, Marlin Firearms, or Mossberg.

Other than markings, Revelation models were identical to standard production models. They were the most basic models produced by the various manufacturers, and featured plain birch or walnut stocks. However, metal bluing remained good and nearly all models were provided with iron sights and mounting provisions for scopes. Once valued lower than "name brand" equivalents, store-brand rifles, shotguns, and revolvers have essentially reached price parity with their more universal counterparts. Firearms were one of many lines added to the store in a product diversification effort. By the end of the 1950s Western Auto was similar to a Sears store, equipped with a catalog order center. Auto parts comprised a small percentage of the company's sales by the mid-1960s, and had nearly disappeared by the 1970s.

Beneficial
In 1961, Western Auto was sold to the Beneficial Finance Corporation. Beneficial retained ownership until 1985, when the company was purchased in a leveraged buyout led by Western Auto management and Wesray Capital Corporation.

Streamlining business operations
In the early 1980s, in response to the success of Wal-Mart, Western Auto Retail converted all of the company-owned stores to what it called "FLAG" stores, which sold exclusively automotive parts and accessories. These stores were largely located in more urbanized areas much like their successors today. Western Auto Wholesale strongly urged its associate stores to become at least 50% automotive, but most refused because the customer base of their locations, in "small town America", demanded a wider range of merchandise. This disagreement by the associate stores would later save the company.

In February 1986, Western Auto purchased 40 White Stores in Texas from Canadian Tire for US$24.5 million. In February 1987, Western Auto purchased Wheeling, West Virginia-based Tire America. In October of that year, it purchased Dale City, Virginia-based National Tire Warehouse.

Sears Roebuck & Co. purchase
In 1988, Sears Roebuck purchased Western Auto from Wesray Capital.

In 1995, Western Auto acquired 84 auto parts stores in Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, West Virginia and Tennessee from the bankrupted Nationwise Automotive chain for an undisclosed amount and later acquired Wheels Discount Auto Supply and its 82 auto parts stores in New York and Pennsylvania from its then owner Fay's Drug for $37 million.

Also during 1995, Sears began to convert the Western Auto stores to the new parts-only Parts America format by eliminating the automotive service bays. By 1998, Sears had almost finished converting the 600 remaining company owned Western Auto stores into Parts America branded stores.

By the beginning of 1997, fewer than 850 company-owned stores remained. At that point, the associate stores were the main stores of the company, with their more diversified name-brand lines including appliances, electronics, hardware, typewriters, bicycles, go-karts and outdoor equipment/parts, and their reach into small-town America. Sears removed National Tire Warehouse and Tire America from Western Auto to form a new company called National Tire and Battery, which Sears kept until 2003.

From 1991 until the end of the 1997 season, Western Auto sponsored NASCAR Hall of Fame driver Darrell Waltrip's Winston Cup race team. The specialty retailer also sponsored Al Hofmann's Funny Car in NHRA from 1994 to 1997.

Advance Auto Parts merger
After weeks of speculation in 1998, parent company Sears sold what remained of Western Auto to Advance Auto Parts of Roanoke, Virginia. The business deal was not what experts in the after-market automotive industry expected. Specifically in return, Sears Roebuck became "one of the largest shareholders" after obtaining a 40% stake in Advance Auto Parts, and by merging their two store networks, which included Western Auto's wholesale and retail operations. More precisely, the existing store network of Advance Auto Parts, comprising 915 stores in 17 U.S. states, merged with 590 U.S.-based Parts America Stores in addition to 40 Western Auto stores in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

The merger between Western Auto and Advance Auto substantially expanded Advance's network to over 1,500 retail stores in 36 states. Additionally, Sears Roebuck received a cash payment of $175 million USD, while Advance Auto's investors provided a further $70 million USD directly to Advance. Freeman Spogli & Co. organized an investment fund that was among the group of investors that provided Advance with the $70 million cash infusion. Despite the 40% acquisition by Sears Roebuck, both companies maintained their Standard & Poor's "single-'B'-plus corporate credit rating". Analysts continued to speculate on the "financial flexibility" of Advance Auto at the time expecting the company to "take advantage of other opportunistic acquisitions".

A few of the associate stores converted to Sears Dealer stores. The remainder of the company-owned stores, located primarily in the eastern United States, were then converted into Advance stores. The remaining associate stores were promised a great and long future in the tradition of Western Auto, a promise that was not kept. Advance gave little support to the associate store operation and as a result most dealers found themselves purchasing 70%+ of their merchandise from other suppliers and simply using the Western Auto name.

Demise of the Western Auto distribution network
In October 2003, Advance Auto notified the Western Auto Supply Company that by January 2004 it "would no longer supply merchandise and services to the stores in its distribution network". This decision brought an end to the Western Auto brand name after nearly a century in business. Some Western Auto store owners knew that such a decision by Advance Auto was inevitable after noticing "a trend of discontinued brands, lack of computer point-of-sale system updates, and shipments of fewer and fewer types of merchandise". Advance Auto Parts' spokesman, Shelia Stuewe, speaking on the matter stated "that the logistics of distributing appliances, home and garden supplies, auto parts and hardware to over 300 independent dealers scattered across 33 states became too much for the company to continue."

Use of Western Auto name
Dealer stores were permitted by Advance Auto Parts a license to use the Western Auto name until 2006. After 2006, stores were to cease using the Western Auto name, but many stores continue to use the name. At this time, no storefront is licensed to use the name Western Auto or fly the Western Auto sign. Advance Auto Parts remains the owner of the registered trademarks and name "Western Auto" and enforces infringements on the name, but it is unknown if they have future plans for the name. Advance also owns the name Western Auto Supply Company which is registered in Virginia.

The Western Auto name was used by Advance Auto Parts in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, where it was the largest such chain, until 2006 when the last company-owned store in St. Croix was closed. All of the other stores in the division were gradually converted to Advance stores.

title: Western Auto


text:
Palio

Palio is the name given in Italy to an annual athletic contest, very often of a historical character, pitting the neighbourhoods of a town or the hamlets of a comune against each other. Typically, they are fought in costume and commemorate some event or tradition of the Middle Ages and thus often involve horse racing, archery, jousting, crossbow shooting, and similar medieval sports. Once purely a matter of local rivalries, many have now become events that are staged with an eye to visitors and foreign tourists.

The Palio di Siena is the only one that has been run without interruption since it started in the 1630s and is definitely the most famous all over the world. Its historical origins are documented since 1239 even though the version seen today was the final evolution of races held from the second half of the 16th century. In 1935, Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini sent out an official declaration that only the one of Siena could bring the designation of Palio. All other horse races held in various parts of Italy are actually just modern reenactments. After the Second World War, nevertheless, many other palios arose throughout the various regions of Italy, which could be considered just attempts of imitation of the Palio di Siena. Here is an incomplete list:

Tuscany

 * Palio of Bientina, third Sunday of July
 * Palio of Buti in honor of St. Anthony the Abbot,
 * Palio di Castel del Piano of Castel del Piano, racing on 8 September
 * Palio delle Contrade, in Faella
 * Palio dei Rioni di Castiglion Fiorentino the third Sunday of June
 * Palio of Casole d'Elsa, Second Sunday of July
 * Palio of Piancastagnaio
 * Palio di Fucecchio, at the end of May
 * Palio in Montelaterone
 * Palio in Monticiano
 * Palio di Siena, race is held on 2 July and 16 August
 * Palio della Costa Etrusca in San Vincenzo (suspended)
 * Palio del Valdarno, a Faella, in Pian di Scò
 * Palio in Pian di Scò, on 7 August
 * Palio delle Bandiere e dei Territori in Follonica
 * Palio di San Luca in Impruneta in October

Lazio

 * Corsa a vuoto of Ronciglione, a Carnival feast. In August
 * Palio del Tirreno of Maccarese-Fiumicino, not held in 2008.
 * Palio Madama Margarita di Castel Madama, every second Sunday in July
 * Palio dell'Arcata in Acquapendente
 * Palio in Bomarzo
 * Palio del Tributo in Priverno
 * Palio of Tolfa last Sunday in August
 * Palio of Sacrofano, Second Sunday in September
 * Corsa of Formello, on 10 August
 * Palio di San Matteo, on 22 September
 * Corsa al Fantino in Capranica
 * Corsa in Campagnano di Roma
 * Palio of Selci in September
 * Corsa of Monterosi, on 15 September
 * Carosello Storico dei Rioni of Cori, in June and July
 * Pallio della Carriera in Carpineto Romano (RM).
 * Palio delle Quattro Porte – Vallecorsa

Lombardy

 * Palio della Valle Olona
 * Palio di Legnano, Last Sunday in May
 * Palio di S.Pietro at Abbiategrasso
 * Palio degli Asini in Premosello
 * Palio of Rho, Second Sunday in October
 * Palio di Avucat at Caponago, second Sunday in September

Piedmont

 * Palio di Asti, every third Sunday in September
 * Palio dei Borghi of Fossano, at the end of June
 * Palio storico dei Borghi di Avigliana, at Avigliana, Third Sunday in June

Sardinia

 * Palio of Cagliari
 * Palio dei Comuni of Fonni, First Sunday in June
 * Palio dei Comuni of Goceano
 * Palio "Sas Carrelas", at Bono
 * Palio of Sassari

Umbria

 * Palio (Giostra) del Giglio at Monteleone d'Orvieto, 16 August
 * Palio di Nera Montoro in September

Veneto

 * Palio di Feltre First Sunday in August. Horse race and Archery contest
 * Palio dei 10 Comuni del Montagnanese, at Montagnana, first Sunday in September
 * Palio delle contrade di Monselice Second and Third Sunday in September.

Marche

 * Palio dell'Assunta di Fermo, on 15 August
 * Palio of Montegiorgio
 * Palio of Sant'Emidio also called Quintana in Ascoli Piceno
 * Corsa del Drappo in Loreto, on 7 September
 * Contesa della Margutta a Corridonia, early September
 * Palio della miniera di zolfo di Cabernardi, early August
 * Palio dei Castelli in San Severino Marche, early June

Emilia-Romagna

 * Palio di Ferrara, Last Sunday in May
 * Palio del Maggio, at Savigno in May
 * Palio delle contrade in San Secondo Parmense
 * Palio di Parma,
 * Palio del Niballo, at Faenza
 * Palio di Giovecca, at Giovecca
 * Palio of Mordano

Sicily

 * Palio of Butera
 * Palio of Piazza Armerina, 11 to 13 August
 * Palio dell'Ascensione in Floridia
 * Palio di San Vincenzo, in Acate

Basilicata

 * Palio di Sant'Antonio abate in Pignola, on 17 January, a race with Horses, donkeys and mules

Abruzzo

 * Palio della Giostra Cavalleresca in Sulmona Last Saturday and Sunday of July
 * Palio della Giostra Cavalleresca dei Borghi più Belli d'Italia – in Sulmona
 * Palio della Giostra Cavalleresca d'Europa – Sulmona

Puglia

 * Palio del Viccio of Palo del Colle – held at carnival.

Umbria

 * Giochi de le Porte of Gualdo Tadino

Lombardy

 * Corsa cogli Asini of Dairago
 * Palio degli Asini in Bereguardo
 * Palio del Cinghiale, in Cesano Boscone

Piedmont

 * Palio degli Asini di Alba in Alba
 * Palio degli Asini di Cocconato in Cocconato
 * Palio degli Asini di Quarto d'Asti in Quarto d'Asti
 * Paglio ragliante di Calliano in Calliano
 * Palio dei Borghi in Venaria

Toscana

 * Palio dei Ciuchi of Campagnatico, in September
 * Palio dei Micci of Pozzi, frazione di Seravezza
 * Palio dei Ciuchi of Carmignano, in September
 * Palio dei somari of Bagnolo
 * Palio dei somari of Torrita di Siena
 * Palio dei Somari of Montepulciano Stazione
 * Giostra dei sestrieri, Palio dei Ciuchi of Roccatederighi
 * Palio de' Ciui of Lugnano
 * Palio dei somarelli of Vallerona

Campania

 * "Il Palio di Somma Vesuviana", second Sunday in September
 * "Palio del casale", Palio Nazionale degli asini, Camposano
 * "Palio del ciuccio", Cuccaro Vetere.

Lazio

 * Palio delle Contrade, in Gonfalone di Arpino.
 * Palio delle Contrade of Corchiano, First Sunday in August
 * Palio delle Contrade of Allumiere
 * Palio di San Ciro at Sora

Marche

 * Palio del Somaro in Mercatello sul Metauro

Emilia-Romagna

 * Palio di Ferrara
 * Palio di Parma,
 * Palio dei somari of Grizzana Morandi

Friuli

 * Palio dei Borghi di Fagagna, second Sunday in September

Tuscany

 * Palio dell'Argentario, in Porto Santo Stefano, 15 August
 * Palio di Calcinaia of Calcinaia
 * Palio di San Ranieri, in Arno and Pisa on 17 June
 * Palio Madonna del Lago of Massaciuccoli, since 1967

Liguria

 * Palio Marinaro di San Pietro, at Genoa, first Sunday of July
 * Palio del Golfo, at La Spezia, first Sunday of August
 * Palio dei Sestieri, in Ventimiglia, second Sunday in August
 * Regata dei Rioni di Noli, in Noli, Second Sunday in September

Apulia

 * Palio of Taranto

Trentino

 * Palio dell'Oca, in Trento

Veneto

 * Regata Storica, in Venice

Calabria

 * Palio di San Giorgio, in Reggio Calabria, on 23 April

Lazio

 * Palio del mare of Gaeta

Tuscany

 * Palio della balestra in Lucca, on July 12, a crossbow contest
 * Palio in Pescia, an archery contest
 * Disfida con l'Arco in Montopoli in Val d'Arno (Pi), an archery contest
 * Palio del Diotto in Scarperia, on 8 September (one of the games is a knife-throwing)

Umbria

 * Palio di San Rufino in Assisi, a crossbow competition
 * Palio dei Terzieri, in August, an archery contest

Lazio

 * Palio of Orte, an archery contest

Friuli

 * Palio di San Donato, in Cividale del Friuli, last Sunday in August, an archery contest
 * Palio of Cordovado, first Sunday of September, an archery contest with a medieval costume parade

Emilia-Romagna

 * Palio di Santa Reparata e della Romagna Toscana, in Terra del Sole, a crossbow contest

Veneto

 * Palio della Marciliana, in Chioggia, a crossbow contest.

title: Palio


text:
Fred Biletnikoff

Frederick Biletnikoff (born February 23, 1943), nicknamed "Scarecrow", is an American former football player and coach. He played as a wide receiver for the Oakland Raiders in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL) for fourteen seasons and later was an assistant coach with the team. He retired as an NFL player after the 1978 season, and then played one additional season in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the Montreal Alouettes in 1980. While he lacked the breakaway speed to be a deep-play threat, Biletnikoff was one of the most sure-handed and consistent receivers of his day, with a propensity for making spectacular catches. He was also known for running smooth, precise pass routes. He is a member of both the Pro Football Hall of Fame (1988) and College Football Hall of Fame (1991).

Biletnikoff attended Florida State University, where he played college football for the Florida State Seminoles football team and earned consensus All-American honors after leading the country in receiving yards and receiving touchdowns as a senior. The Fred Biletnikoff Award, given annually to the most outstanding receiver in NCAA Division I FBS, is named in his honor.

Through his AFL and NFL career, Biletnikoff had 589 receptions for 8,974 yards and 76 touchdowns, and had a then-league-record 10 straight seasons of 40 or more receptions, during a time when teams emphasized running over passing. With the Raiders, Biletnikoff played in the second AFL-NFL World Championship game—retroactively known as Super Bowl II—and in Super Bowl XI, in which he was named the game's MVP in a victory over the Minnesota Vikings. A four-time Pro Bowl selection, he also played two AFL All-Star games, three AFL title games, and five AFC championship games.

Early life
Biletnikoff was born and raised in Erie, Pennsylvania, the son of Natalie (Karuba) and Ephriam Biletnikoff. All four of his grandparents were Russian immigrants. In Erie, Biletnikoff attended what was then Technical Memorial High School, now Erie High School, whose athletic field now bears his name. In high school, Biletnikoff excelled in football, basketball, baseball, and track. He was a champion high jumper and earned All-City honors in basketball and baseball. His younger brother Bob was a starting quarterback for the Miami Hurricanes in the mid-1960s.

College
Biletnikoff turned down other notable offers to attend Florida State University in Tallahassee. He missed several games during his first varsity season in 1962 with a broken foot. He played on both sides of the ball his junior season, leading the team in receptions and interceptions. That year, he returned an interception 99 yards for a touchdown off a pass thrown by George Mira of the Miami Hurricanes, a record which stood until 1987, when Deion Sanders broke it by one yard. As a senior in 1964, Biletnikoff led the nation with 1,179 receiving yards and 15 touchdowns, and finished second in receptions (70) and scoring (90). One of his touchdowns came in the first quarter against the Florida Gators, which helped the Seminoles earn their first victory in the in-state rivalry, 16–7. The Seminoles finished the year with a 36–19 victory over Oklahoma in the Gator Bowl, in which Biletnikoff set school records with 13 receptions for 194 yards and four touchdowns. He was a consensus pick for the 1964 College Football All-America Team, receiving first-team honors from four official selectors: the Associated Press, Central Press Association, Football Writers Association of America, and Newspaper Enterprise Association. He was Florida State's first consensus All-American in football. Biletnikoff compiled 100 receptions for 1,655 yards and 20 touchdowns in his career with the Seminoles, which at the time were all school records. While in college Fred also joined the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity.

Professional career
After graduating from FSU, he was selected by the Oakland Raiders in the second round of the 1965 AFL Draft, 11th overall and by the Detroit Lions in the third round of the 1965 NFL draft, the 39th overall selection. Biletnikoff signed with the Raiders, where he played for fourteen seasons. With Oakland, he was nicknamed "Coyote", and "Doctor Zhivago" because of his Russian heritage. In 1966, he caught his first touchdown pass, thrown by quarterback Tom Flores, who later became the Raiders' head coach the season after Biletnikoff was released by the team.

Although he lacked the breakaway speed to be a deep threat, Biletnikoff's precise pass routes and sure hands made him one of the most consistent receivers of his day, and a favorite target of Raiders quarterbacks Daryle Lamonica and Ken Stabler. "I like catching passes", he explained. "And I like playing outside. I would be lost if I were ever told to do anything on a football field except catch passes." Through his career he recorded 589 receptions, and had a league record 10 straight seasons of 40 or more receptions from 1967 to 1976, since surpassed by many players. Following the retirement of Charley Taylor, Biletnikoff spent the 1978 season (his last) as the NFL's active leader in career receiving yards, and retired ranked 5th all-time.

Biletnikoff popularized the use of Stickum, an adhesive that many players applied to their hands to assist with catching and gripping the ball. He would apply the substance all over his body and uniform prior to a game, a practice that was later picked up by Raiders cornerback Lester Hayes after Biletnikoff introduced him to it. The use of Stickum was banned by the NFL in 1981.

In his rookie season, Biletnikoff played primarily on special teams. He did not see playing time on offense until the seventh game of the year, against the Boston Patriots, in which he caught seven passes for 118 yards. His production increased significantly with Oakland's acquisition of quarterback Daryle Lamonica in 1967. That year, he caught 40 passes for 876 yards and five touchdowns and led the league with an average of 21.9 yards per reception. He was invited to play in the 1967 AFL All-Star Game. In that year's AFL championship game, Biletnikoff had two receptions for 19 yards in the Raiders' 40–7 blow-out win over the Houston Oilers. In Super Bowl II against the Green Bay Packers, he caught two passes for 10 yards as the Raiders were defeated 33–14.

Biletnikoff recorded his only 1,000-yard receiving season in 1968, when he caught 61 passes for 1,037 yards and six touchdowns. The following season, in 1969 he caught a career-high 12 receiving touchdowns. He was an AFL All-Star for the second time and earned first-team All-AFL honors from the Associated Press, the Newspaper Enterprise Association, Pro Football Writers of America, The Sporting News, Pro Football Weekly, and the New York Daily News. The AFL merged into the National Football League in 1970. In his first five seasons in the NFL, Biletnikoff was invited to four Pro Bowls.

A highly productive receiver in the postseason, Biletnikoff left the NFL as the all-time leader in postseason receptions (70), receiving yards (1,167), and receiving touchdowns (10) accumulated over 19 postseason games. He recorded over 100 receiving yards in a postseason five times. In the 1968 American Football League playoffs, he had 14 receptions for 370 yards and four touchdowns through two games. In the 1976–77 NFL playoffs, Biletnikoff recorded 13 receptions for 216 yards and a touchdown. This included four catches for 79 yards to set up three Oakland scores in the Raiders' 32–14 victory in Super Bowl XI, for which he was named Super Bowl MVP. Until Super Bowl LVI, Biletnikoff was the only receiver ever to win Super Bowl MVP without gaining 100 receiving yards or scoring a touchdown.

Biletnikoff was released by the Raiders prior to the 1979 season. After a year off, he played one season in the Canadian Football League for the Montreal Alouettes in 1980. In his lone CFL season, Biletnikoff caught 38 passes, second-most on the team, for 470 yards and four touchdowns.

Coaching career and later life
Biletnikoff began his career in coaching soon after his retirement from playing. He served on the coaching staff of Orange Glen High School (1982), Palomar College (1983), Diablo Valley College (1984), Oakland Invaders (1985), Arizona Wranglers (1986), and Calgary Stampeders (1987–88). In 1989 Biletnikoff became the wide receivers coach for the Oakland Raiders, a position he held until 2007.

In February 1999, Biletnikoff's daughter Tracey was found strangled to death at age 20 in Redwood City, California. Tracey's boyfriend, Mohammed Haroon Ali, was convicted of first-degree murder in 2012 after admitting he strangled her with a T-shirt at a drug and alcohol treatment center during an argument over whether he had relapsed. He was sentenced to 55 years to life imprisonment. Biletnikoff called Ali an "animal" after the sentencing, and said his hatred for him would never go away. In 2015, Biletnikoff founded Tracey's Place of Hope in Loomis, California, a shelter for domestic violence victims and substance abuse treatment for females ages 14 to 18.

Honors
Biletnikoff was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1988. In 1999, Biletnikoff was ranked number 94 on The Sporting News' list of the "100 Greatest Football Players". He was voted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1991. The Fred Biletnikoff Award, awarded annually by the Tallahassee Quarterback Club Foundation to the nation's outstanding receiver in NCAA Division I FBS since 1994, is named in his honor. In 2016, Biletnikoff was named the Walter Camp Man of the Year by the Walter Camp Football Foundation in recognition of his public service and his contributions to football.

title: Fred Biletnikoff


text:
Talk:Rally for Culture and Democracy

Untitled
Why on earth would one call a party like the RCD "liberal"? - Mustafaa 09:45, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I am responsible for the label. Its position as a radical secularist, non-socialist party, promoting minority rights brought me to this impression. I am not saying it is a liberal party, but it seems to take a similar position. Gangulf 13:56, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmm. I suppose it depends how one defines "liberal". From a modern British bias, I tend to regard the term as almost excluding radicalism; but that may not be a good general definition.  How would you define liberal? - Mustafaa 01:58, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * The translation of liberalism in french would be more like social-démocratie, a "libéral" in french is a right winger.Toira 21:45, 25 November 2006 (UTC)

Liberal
Please visit the page liberalism for the meanings of the word.

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title: Talk:Rally for Culture and Democracy


text:
Ashley Hutchings

Ashley Stephen Hutchings (born 26 January 1945), MBE, sometimes known in early years as "Tyger" Hutchings, is an English bassist, songwriter, arranger, band leader, writer and record producer. He was a founding member of three noteworthy English folk-rock bands: Fairport Convention, Steeleye Span and The Albion Band. Hutchings has overseen numerous other projects, including records and live theatre, and has collaborated on film and television projects.

Early career
Hutchings was born in Southgate, London, England, but moved to Muswell Hill while still a child. As a teenager he became involved in the skiffle and blues movements and formed several groups, including 'Dr K's Blues Band' in 1964. He met guitarist Simon Nicol in 1966 when they both played in the 'Ethnic Shuffle Orchestra'. They rehearsed on the floor above Nicol's father's medical practice in a house called "Fairport" that lent its name to the group they formed together as Fairport Convention in 1967 with Richard Thompson, and which soon included Martin Lamble, Judy Dyble and Iain Matthews.

Fairport Convention
Hutchings played on the band's first four albums. The first three, Fairport Convention (1968), What We Did on Our Holidays (1969) and Unhalfbricking (1969), largely consisted of American singer/songwriter material and original songs in a similar style. Hutchings' restrained but powerful bass style is one of the characteristics of the band in this period. The focus of the band changed with the introduction of Dave Swarbrick into the line up, who brought a virtuosity on the fiddle and a wealth of traditional tunes. This prompted Hutchings to carry out research in the English Folk Dance & Song Society Library at Cecil Sharp House which resulted in the pioneering classic Liege and Lief (1969), seen by many as the foundation of British folk rock. Hutchings was, however, increasingly unhappy with the direction of the band, as most members wanted to return to their older format. As a result, in 1969 he left to focus on more traditional projects.

Steeleye Span
Hutchings' new band Steeleye Span was formed by putting together two established folk duos Tim Hart and Maddy Prior with Terry and Gay Woods. The Woodses departed the band shortly after the release of their debut album, Hark! The Village Wait (1970) and were replaced by singer/guitarist Martin Carthy and fiddler Peter Knight. The resulting line-up toured small concert venues, and released two highly regarded albums Please to See the King (March 1971) and Ten Man Mop, or Mr. Reservoir Butler Rides Again (December 1971), both featuring traditional folk songs and dance tunes with innovative electric arrangements. The bringing in of manager Jo Lustig who pushed for a more commercial sound was probably what prompted the more traditionally minded Carthy and Hutchings to leave the band, which continued with changes of line-up and achieved considerable mainstream success.

The Albion Country Band, Morris On and Etchingham Steam Band
By this point the ever active Hutchings already had other projects underway. He had gathered together the first incarnation of what has been the major outlet for his work, the Albion Country Band, to provide backing for his then wife Shirley Collins on her solo collection, No Roses (1971). Some of these personnel co-operated with him for the album Morris On (1972), an affectionate electric tribute to Morris Dancing and others joined him in his next project the Etchingham Steam Band from 1974 to 1976. When this dissolved without releasing a record he returned to the Albion Band in 1976, which, with many bewildering line-up changes, continued to record and tour regularly until 2002.

Other projects
Outside of the Albion Band, Hutchings has been a frequent guest on the albums of a wide variety of folk artists. He has also continued to pursue a diversity of projects, some alone and some with groupings of more or less stability and continuity. The Morris On project has spawned several sequels across his career: Son of Morris On (1976), Grandson of Morris On (2002) and Great Grandson of Morris On (2004). There have also been several other dance projects including, with John Kirkpatrick and other artists, The Compleat Dancing Master (1974), Rattlebone & Ploughjack (1976) and Kickin' Up the Sawdust (1977).

In 1984, Hutchings wrote and toured with a one-man show about folk song collector Cecil Sharp, which resulted in the album An Hour with Cecil Sharp and Ashley Hutchings, (1986). From this point he often combined writing and narration with his music, as in By Gloucester Docks I Sat Down and Wept: A Love Story (1987), which was produced as a live show and album in 1990. He produced an album of spoken-word material as A Word in Your Ear (1991) another themed album combining music and narration with Judy Dunlop, as Sway with Me (1991). In the late 1980s he toured with the Ashley Hutchings All Stars, leading to a live album, As You Like It (1988). With Phil Beer and Chris While he provided the sound track for the TV series The Ridge Riders which resulted in an album "Ridgeriders: Songs of the Southern English Landscape" (HTD, 1995), a short tour and another live album Ridgeriders in Concert (Talking Elephant, 1996).

In the 1990s he returned to his own musical roots of skiffle and rock and roll, touring and recording with the Ashley Hutchings Big Beat Combo, which resulted in the album Twangin' and a Traddin' (1994). He also returned to his interest in dance, in addition to continuing the Morris on project, he formed the Ashley Hutchings Dance Band to produce A Batter Pudding for John Keats (1996). Other projects include with Malcolm Rowe, the truly eclectic Folk Your Way to Fitness (1997), Street Cries (2001), and Human Nature (2003).

Rainbow Chasers, Albion Christmas and the Lark Rise Band
After the suspension of the Albion Band as a full time group in 2002 Hutchings put together another small group of up and coming folk musicians under the title Rainbow Chasers resulting in three albums, Some Colours Fly (2005), A Brilliant Light (2005) and Fortune Never Sleeps (2006). In 2008 he formed The Lark Rise Band to perform and record music from his most successful show, resulting in the album, Lark Rise Revisited (2008). He continues to tour in the Christmas season with the Albion Christmas Band and is plans future projects with ex-Albion Band member Ken Nicol.

Recognition
His career has been celebrated with the release of archive series, The Guv'nor and Burning Bright (2005) a boxed set of four CDs, which contain many rare and previously unreleased recordings. In 2006 Hutchings received the prestigious Good Tradition trophy at the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards in recognition of his contributions to the genre and in 2007 he shared the special award for 'Most influential Folk Album of all time' for Liege and Lief.

On 12 December 2013 Hutchings was presented with the Gold Badge Award of the English Folk Dance and Song Society at an Albion Christmas Band concert held at Kings Place, London. He was awarded the MBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 2015, for services to folk music.

Personal life
Hutchings married the British folksinger Shirley Collins in 1971 but divorced around 1978, after he ruined her singing voice through incessant infidelity.

He and Judy Dunlop have a son, Blair Dunlop, born on 11 February 1992.

Albion Country Band, Albion Dance Band and Albion Band

 * See The Albion Band

Albion Morris

 * Still Dancing After All These Years (Talking Elephant, 2003)

With The Bunch

 * Rock On (Island, 1972)

Fairport Convention

 * See Fairport Convention discography

Rainbow Chasers

 * See Rainbow Chasers discography

Steeleye Span

 * See Steeleye Span discography

Ashley Hutchings as producer and bass-player

 * Shirley Collins & The Albion Country Band "No Roses" (Pegasus, 1971)
 * Morris On (Island/Carthage, 1972)
 * The Compleat Dancing Master – with John Kirkpatrick (Island, 1974)
 * Rattlebone & Ploughjack (Island/Beat Goes On, 1976)
 * Son of Morris On (Harvest, 1976)
 * Kicking Up the Sawdust (Harvest, 1977)
 * An Hour with Cecil Sharp and Ashley Hutchings (Dambuster, 1986)
 * By Gloucester Docks I Sat Down and Wept (Paradise and Thorns, 1987)
 * The Guv'nor (HTD, 1994)
 * As You Like It – with the Ashley Hutchings All Stars (HTD, 1994)
 * Twangin' and a Traddin' - Ashley Hutchings Big Beat Combo (HTD, 1994)
 * The Guv'nor vol 2 (HTD, 1995)
 * The Guv'nor vol 3 (Castle, 1995)
 * The Guv'nor's Big Birthday Bash (HTD, 1995)
 * Ridgeriders: Songs of the Southern English Landscape (HTD, 1995) – with Phil Beer and Chris While
 * Ridgeriders in Concert (Talking Elephant, 1996) – with Phil Beer and Chris While
 * A Batter Pudding for John Keats – with The Ashley Hutchings Dance Band, (HTD, 1996)
 * The Guv'nor vol 4 (Castle, 1996)
 * Folk Aerobics (HTD, 1997)
 * Along The Downs: The Countryside Collection Album (Mooncrest, 2000)
 * Street Cries (Topic, 2001)
 * The Guv'nor vol 5 (Talking Elephant, 2002)
 * Grandson of Morris On (Talking Elephant, 2002)
 * Human Nature (Talking Elephant, 2003)
 * As I Cycled Out One May Morning (2003) – with The Cecil Sharpe Centenary Collective'
 * Great Grandson of Morris On (Topic, 2004)
 *  Sway with Me (Talking Elephant, 2005)
 * Burning Bright (Free Read, 2005) (box set)
 * Morris on the Road (Talking Elephant, 2005)
 * The Mother of All Morris (Talking Elephant, 2007)
 * Lark Rise Revisited (Talking Elephant, 2008)
 * My Land is Your Land – with Ernesto de Pascale (Esoteric, 2009)
 * Copper, Russet and Gold – with Ken Nicol (Park Records, 2010)
 * Paradise and Thorns: Gloucester Docks Revisited and Other Tales of Love (Talking Elephant, 2018)

title: Ashley Hutchings


text:
Maddy Prior

Madelaine Edith Prior MBE (born 14 August 1947) is an English folk rock singer, best known as the lead vocalist of Steeleye Span. She was born in Blackpool and moved to St Albans in her teens. Her father, Allan Prior, was co-creator of the police drama Z-Cars. She was married to Steeleye bass guitarist Rick Kemp, and their daughter, Rose Kemp, is also a singer. Their son, Alex Kemp, is, like his father, a guitarist and has deputised for his father playing bass guitar for Steeleye Span. She was part of the singing duo 'Mac & Maddy', with Mac MacLeod. She then performed with Tim Hart and recorded two albums with him, before they helped to found the group Steeleye Span, in 1969. She left Steeleye Span in 1997, but returned in 2002, and has toured with them since. With June Tabor she was the singing duo Silly Sisters. She toured with the Carnival Band, in 2007, and with Giles Lewin and Hannah James, in 2012 and 2013. She has released singles and albums as a solo artist, with these bands and in several collaborations. She runs an Arts Centre called Stones Barn, in Bewcastle, in Cumbria, which offers residential courses.

Early life
Born in Blackpool, Prior moved in her teens to St Albans, where she befriended the young Donovan Leitch and Mac MacLeod in The Cock pub. She later formed a duo with MacLeod called 'Mac & Maddy'. She became a roadie for visiting American musicians, including Reverend Gary Davis. They gave her useful advice about singing English folk songs instead of American songs. Her father, Allan Prior, was co-creator of the police drama Z-Cars, and wrote Stookie, a 6-part series for television, about a boy with his arm in a sling. Maddy sang the title song, which was released as a single in 1985. It reappeared on the Steeleye Span album A Rare Collection 1972 – 1996.

Singing career
After a brief stint with Mac MacLeod in 'Mac & Maddy' (another act formed at The Cock pub), by 1966 she began performing with Tim Hart, another St Albans resident, and together they recorded two albums before becoming founding members of Steeleye Span in 1969. They were the backbone of the group until the early 1980s when ill-health forced Hart into semi-retirement. Prior plays the tambourine, spoons and ukulele, and always gives a sprightly performance of her individual dances. In 1974 Ralph McTell wrote "Maddy Dances" in her honour, included on his album Easy.

Prior married bassist Rick Kemp, though they have since divorced. The singer Rose Kemp is their daughter.

Prior has recorded session work, albums of her own songs and eclectic styles from medieval (with The Carnival Band), through British folk rock — Steeleye Span and Maddy Prior appeared on television with a regular BBC 4 programme Electric Folk — prog-rock and traditional songs, including session work on Mike Oldfield's Incantations. She left Steeleye Span in 1997 but returned in 2002. The 1999 album The Journey was recorded in 1995, when Maddy was still in the band, but not released until four years later. She was also one half of the duo Silly Sisters, which helped to boost June Tabor's career.

Since 2003 Prior has run and hosted an Arts Centre called Stones Barn in Cumbria. Working with fellow singers and performers like Abbie Lathe and daughter Rose Kemp, Prior has offered residential courses focusing on singing, meditation, cookery and performance. Other events, hosted by other teachers, include classical Indian dances, painting and drumming. Prior campaigns on behalf of the charity Cancer Research UK.

In 1983, Maddy became the namesake for Madelyne Pryor of the X-Men, created by Chris Claremont and Paul Smith. The band was directly referenced five years after Pryor's first appearance in the comics in Uncanny X-Men #238 with Pryor's child self singing a line from "Gone to America", one of Steeleye Span's biggest hits. Claremont had previously named a one-shot character "Maddy Pryor" in Avengers Annual #10 (1981).

Recent tours and albums
Maddy Prior took to the road with The Carnival Band in May 2007 for their "Music for Tavern and Chapel" tour. They celebrated the 300th anniversary of one of the key influences on their work, Charles Wesley. She made a guest appearance with The Levellers at the Solfest Festival in Cumbria in August 2007. On recent albums Troy Donockley has been a co-producer.

In December 2007 the album Ringing The Changes was issued. It is a collection of songs written by the band. In 2008 Maddy Prior appeared at the BBC's "Electric Proms". Steeleye Span toured the Eastern US, Australia and the UK beginning in 2009.

With Giles Lewin and Hannah James, Prior completed two successful UK tours, in the spring and autumn of 2012, with a third, in autumn 2013.

In November and December 2013 Prior toured with Steeleye Span, on the Wintersmith Tour, following the release in October of their album Wintersmith, a collaborative project based on the novel of the same name by Terry Pratchett.

A short tour with The Carnival Band in November and December, featuring carols and seasonal music, has become a regular fixture for Prior in recent years.

Awards
In 2001 Maddy Prior was awarded the MBE for services to folk music.

In 2014 she received an Honorary Fellowship from the University of Cumbria.

With Steeleye Span
Prior was on all the Steeleye Span albums from ''Hark! The Village Wait (1970) to Time'' (1996). She then returned for Present – The Very Best of Steeleye Span (2002) and subsequent albums.

Solo albums

 * Woman in the Wings (1978) — with Jethro Tull
 * Changing Winds (1978)
 * Hooked on Winning (1982)
 * Going for Glory (1983)
 * Happy Families (as 'Maddy Prior and Rick Kemp') (1990)
 * Year (1993)
 * Memento (best of) (1995)
 * Flesh and Blood (1997)
 * Ravenchild (1999)
 * Ballads and Candles (2000)
 * Arthur the King (2001)
 * Bib and Tuck (2002) — as 'Maddy Prior and the Girls' with Abbie Lathe and Rose Kemp
 * Lionhearts (2003)
 * Under the Covers (2005) — as 'Maddy + Girls' with Abbie Lathe and Claudia Gibson
 * The Quest (2007) (CD + DVD)
 * Seven for Old England (2008)

Compilation

 * Collections 1995 – 2005 (2005)

Tim Hart and Maddy Prior

 * Folk Songs of Olde England vol 1 (1968)
 * Folk Songs of Olde England vol 2 (1968)
 * Summer Solstice (1971)

Maddy Prior and June Tabor

 * Silly Sisters (1976)
 * No More To The Dance (1988)

Maddy Prior, John Kirkpatrick and Sydney Carter

 * Lovely in the Dances (1981)

Maddy Prior and The Carnival Band

 * A Tapestry of Carols (1987)
 * Sing Lustily and with Good Courage (1990)
 * Carols and Capers (1991)
 * Hang Up Sorrow and Care (1995)
 * Carols at Christmas (1996)
 * Gold Frankincense and Myrrh (2001)
 * An Evening of Carols and Capers (2005)
 * Paradise Found (2007)
 * Ringing the Changes (2007)
 * Vaughan Williams Carols Songs & Hymns (2010)
 * A Christmas Caper: The Best of Maddy Prior & the Carnival Band (2012)

Maddy Prior and Martin Carthy

 * Beat the Retreat (1994) Maddy Prior and Martin Carthy perform two songs, "Farewell, Farewell", and "The Great Valerio" on this Richard Thompson tribute album.

Maddy Prior, Giles Lewin and Hannah James

 * 3 for Joy (2012)
 * Shortwinger (2017)

Maddy Prior singles

 * "Rollercoaster" / "I Told You So" (1978)
 * "Baggy Pants" / "Woman in the Wings" (1978)
 * "Just the Two of Us" / "Acappella Stella" (1979)
 * "Wake up England" / "Paradise" (1980)
 * "The King" / "Ringing Down the Years" (1980) (with Dave Cousins/Strawbs)
 * "To Face" / "Half Listening" (1982)
 * "Deep in the Darkest Night" / "Western Movies" (1983)
 * "Stookie" / "Incidental Music From "Stookie"" (1985)
 * "Happy Families" / "Who's Sorry Now?" (1990)
 * "I Saw Three Ships" / "Quem Pastores" / "Monsieur Charpentier's Christmas Swing" (1991) (with the Carnival Band)
 * "I Saw Three Ships (Dance Doctor's Christmas Re-Mix)" / "The Boar's Head" / "Poor Little Jesus" (1992)
 * "All Around My Hat" (1996) (with Status Quo), No 47
 * "Forgiveness" (2000) (with Jennifer Cutting All-Stars)
 * "Gaudete" / "Greenwood Side" / "Gaudete (extended mix)" (2001) (with Keltic Fusion; Maddy's voice is sampled)
 * "Stuff" (2007) (with the Carnival Band and Terry Jones)
 * "Secret Garden" (2007) Excalibur II - The Celtic Ring, produced and composed by Alan Simon

DVDs

 * Ballads and Candles (2004)
 * An Evening of Carols and Capers (2005)
 * Looking For a Grail Legend (2007) (documentary)

As a session or guest singer
She appeared on these albums:
 * Shirley Collins: No Roses (1971)
 * Jack the Lad: It's Jack the Lad (1974)
 * Ralph McTell: Streets... (1975), No 13
 * Jethro Tull: Too Old to Rock 'n' Roll: Too Young to Die! (1976), No 25
 * Wizz Jones: Magical Flight (1977)
 * Mandalaband: The Eye of Wendor: Prophecies (1978) on the track Like the Wind
 * Mike Oldfield: Incantations (1978), No 14
 * Mike Oldfield: Exposed (1979) No 16 - live album, re-released in 2005 on DVD-Video
 * Tim Hart and Friends: My Very Favourite Nursery Rhymes (1981)
 * Tim Hart and Friends: The Drunken Sailor and other Kids Favourites (1983)
 * Swan Arcade: Diving for Pearls (1986)
 * Frankie Armstrong: Till The Grass O'Ergrew The Corn (1996)
 * Status Quo: "Don't Stop" (1996), No 2
 * Rev Hammer's Freeborn John: The Story of John Lilburne-The Leader of the Levellers (1997)
 * Ayuo: Nova Carmina (1986) (Maddy Prior sings two songs from the Carmina Burana)
 * Strawbs: Blue Angel (2003)
 * Jennifer Cutting: Ocean: Songs for the Night Sea Journey (2005)
 * Rev Hammer – Freeborn John Live (2007)

Television

 * BBC Wildlife on One: Shadow of the Hare 12 April 1993

title: Maddy Prior