text:
Talk:Norman Davies

Personal info
Norman Davies has at least two sons: article mentions only Daniel - what about Christian, his second son? The sources might not mention him (he's about 23-25 yo) becouse they are not up to date, but the guy exists - in fact i've met him and he resembles his father quite much. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.205.254.68 (talk) 10:49, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

Old talk
He can't have been born in Bolton and in Wales, so I've assumed Bolton. Deb 17:14, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Quite possible, I just used two source (one Polish) and translated parts of it for quick stub, so there are bound to be some errors. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 17:58, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

according to a note on page 2 of his book The Isles: A History he was born in Bolton in 1939. Although there is obviously a Welsh connection somwhere, the book is dedicated to Richard Samson Davies (1863-1939)- "English by birth, Welsh by conviction, Lancastrian by choice, British by chance".

 * I will let a United Kingdom-er :D sort that one out, I don't feel qualified :) And please, sing your post, dear anonim(s). --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 15:34, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, The Isles states he was born in Bolton, but his name's Welsh and he certainly seems to feel Welsh. In his history of Europe, he inserts the phrase Cymru am byth (Wales Forever) after a mention of the Brythonic languages.  When he discusses names of places in different languages, he ends by saying 'For them it is Oxford, or even Niu-Jin: for us, forever Rhydychen.' (p. 88) That's the Welsh name for the city, by the way. garik 23:28, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

The English Nation: The Great Myth
I think this book should be deleted from the list of publications as it seems to be by Edwin Jones, not Norman Davies (unless he had some input/co-authorship that i'm not aware of) I've just looked on Amazon and he did have some input, he wrote the forword to the book.

 * When I was adding those books, I just typed in Norman Davies on Amazon and added to Wiki what I saw there. If you are sure it is only a forward, them yes, this can be deleted.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 15:33, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

"Some western colleagues"
An anon deleted this paragraph, and I reverted it, because while the criticism of the anon was correct, the behavior wasn't.

So, authors, please answer the anon's concern:
 * deleted paragraphs with weasel phrases, personal commentary: “some western colleagues accused…. “some people say…..”. no identifaction of “who, what etc

I.e., please provide sample references to support the states made: since we are speaking not about facts, but about opinions, we must have a clear indication whose opinions are these. Otherwise the paragraph must go away. Mikkalai 18:22, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Fair enough, although, with all due respect, any doubts regarding the truthfulness of the paragraph in question do not demonstrate much insight into the inner workings of academic life in Europe and the U.S.. Davies's most outspoken critic is perhaps the late Lucy Dawidowicz, who came very close to calling him an anti-Semite. The fact that the administrators of the Dawidowicz estate put her articles on Davies physically in the same box as her articles on academic anti-Semitism and Holocaust denial speaks volumes of the atmosphere in which Davies has been reviewed . Similar comments have come from Abraham Brumberg. Also, I have heard credible first-hand accounts on how Davies dropped a clanger or two with oral comments on Polish-Jewish history; the Stanford affair did certainly not come out of the blue. While not many historians go as far as that, warnings about Davies's "polonophile" attitude belong to the standard repertoire of junior and senior lecturers, including both those who have and have not read him. For a good account of how Davies tends to fall foul with many reviewers, kindly refer to a deft piece of analysis by Ann Applebaum, which can also be found among the external links. --Thorsten1 19:28, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thorsten1, the article still says: "...Davies's partially polemical statements on this topic gained him the reputation of an anti-Semite himself." Who have decided that Davies has a reputation of an anti-Semite? This is a very PVO and should't have place on Wiki. --Ttyre 20:19, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Ttyr, the opionion stated is obviously POV - and I personally do not agree with it. That the POV exists and has affected Davies's career to some degree is a fact which should be mentioned here. I would recommend you read Applebaum's level-headed review mentioned both in the article and above (the URL is correct now) to get an idea of what I am on about. --Thorsten1 21:18, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I do have the copy of late L. Davidowicz papers on Davies and Edelman. It looks like she was little bit obsessed with Davies and the exchange got personal (on both sides). --Ttyre 20:19, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * If you have read the articles in question, how can you seriously question the POV's relevance? The motivation may have been personal, but the effects are quite tangible, as Davies would probably be the first to confirm. There is no reason whatsoever why we should not mention this affair here; esp. since sweeping it under the carpet would just invite criticism from the anti-Davies party. I have tried get the wording as balanced as possible, but if anyone feels it requires more work, the article is open for anyone to improve at any time. --Thorsten1 21:18, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I have read Applebaum's review of Davies' book. There is no mention of Davies gaining reputation as an anti-Semite. According to Webster, reputation is 1: overall quality or character as seen or judged by people in general 2: recognition by other people of some characteristic or ability .
 * The closest Applebaum comments on A-S and Davies is by saying: "...Although no one spoke openly of anti-semitism-just as Professor Rabb does not speak opently of anti-Semitism-the accusations were enough to prevent Davies from getting the tenure...", and "...the allegation that Norman Davies is anti-Semitic, or that he denies the importance of the Holocaust, has always been absurd...". Once again my question in relation to the sentence "...Davies's partially polemical statements on this topic gained him the reputation of an anti-Semite himself..." what makes you think that he gain reputation as an anti-Semite? I propose to delete this sentence as inaccurate. --Ttyre 23:00, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Dear Ttyre, I fully agree both with yourself and Applebaum that accusing Davies of anti-Semitism is absurd. Unfortunately, the absurdity of these claims has not stopped them from being made. In fact, had they not been made, Applebaum would hardly feel the need to reject them as vehemently as she does. Eventually, the sentences you are quoting support my argument rather than yours. Furthermore, accusations of anti-Semitism need not at all be made overtly to affect somebody's reputation: What Applebaum is trying to show is how "subtle" pinpricks can have more of an impact than obviously overstated blunt defamations.
 * As for "reputation" - thanks a lot, but with all due respect - I really do not feel the need to be lectured on the word's meaning by someone with a level of articulateness as moderate as yours. Contrary to what your dictionary somewhat misleadingly suggests, a "reputation" is not necessarily something uniform perceived by "people in general". One can also have a reputation just with some people; and if these people happen to be in the academic establishment, that's more than enough to cause you trouble. Have you ever wondered why it took the better part of two decades before a German publisher dared to have a book by Davies translated?
 * While some people in Poland think that Davies is not polonophile enough, the fact remains that some influential people outside Poland think he is too polonophile (read: "anti-Semitic"). I do not share either opinion, but I do believe that both opinions deserve to be duly mentioned in the article.
 * Piotrek - I appreciate your attempt at mediation, but I think your recent edit was not quite as helpful as intended: After all, the current version waters down the issue (why replace "partially polemical statements" with "strong views"?); and worse, it disrupts the consistency of the text to the point of reversing its meaning to more careless readers: "... he also contradicts narrow Polish nationalist claims and vehemently criticises the strong tendency to create Polono-centric historical myths. Davies's strong views on this matter are believed to be a factor when in 1986 Stanford University refused him a promised tenure at short notice...". Now that is not exactly what happened, is it?
 * Instead, I suggest to restore the previous version, while adding a qualifying comment to "reputation" to accomodate Ttyre's concerns. After all, if a sentence is found to be inaccurate, making it more accurate is a is a better idea than deleting it altogether, right?.--Thorsten1 16:33, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Thorsten1, spare yourself personal comments about my level of articulateness and Webster being my dictionary. Proper definition of a word "reputation" is a crucial issue here. My point of contention has been the sentence "...gained him the reputation of an anti-Semite with a part the academic establishment." I think you have overused the word "reputation" thus exaggerating the impact of Davies' hard-core, on the issue of the Holocaust, critics.  Opinions of Lucy Dawidowicz, Abraham Brumberg, and Theodore Rabb do not constitute gaining a reputation in all or part of the academic establishment. Definition of reputation, according to Merriam-Webster Online or Webster's New World, stresses "judgment by people in general" or its "commonality" not an opinion of a few. To leave the sentence in question as-is nobilitates these three critics and validates their position(s) against Davies. In his own defense, in a letter to Stanford University's Provost James Rosse, Davies mentioned 30(!) international references backing his candidacy. Even James Rosse, in his reply commenting about the content of the Davies' evaluation letters from 25 outside scholars, said: "While many of the letters were by no means uncritical, most reflected a favorable opinion of your scholarship and, in cases in which the reviewer was knowledgeable, your teaching." I am willing to scan and email you the letters I am quoting (Campus Report, Jan. 28, 1987). Also, a more proper word for non-Jewish is Gentile. --Ttyre 22:39, 3 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Ttyre, even at the risk of wasting my time, I do not want to leave your comments unchallenged. As for my "personal comments" - remember it was you who presumed to educate me on the meaning of some words, not vice-versa. My response may have been too confrontational, -- if so I am willing to apologize -- but I am not going to back down on any of the factual statements I have made.
 * You wrote: "Proper definition of a word "reputation" is a crucial issue here". Absolutely, that is exactly what I was trying to explain to you. Seems like I have not been doing a very good job, though.
 * "My point of contention has been the sentence '...gained him the reputation of an anti-Semite with a part the academic establishment.'" Well, no. The sentence you were complaining about was "...gained him the reputation of an anti-Semite", period. I have since added the clarifying phrase "with a part the academic establishment" to accommodate your criticism, even though I personally think that, seen in context, the statement was fairly clear in the first place. Alas, you are still not satisfied and continue to zero in on the word "reputation". However, stubbornly repeating your claims about the semantics of "reputation", based on sterile dictionary definitions in the apparent absence of experience with real-life usage, does not make them any more persuasive. No, a reputation is not necessarily an opinion shared by everyone or almost everyone. In fact, most scholars are not known enough to even have a reputation in the general public, but of course they do have a reputation among peers. And, again, a reputation can be ambiguous: What some see as pioneering research, others may see as utter charlatanism. What some see as a refreshing new take on certain politically correct orthodoxies in post-war Western historiography, others may see as evidence of latent anti-Semitism.
 * You wrote: "Opinions of Lucy Dawidowicz, Abraham Brumberg, and Theodore Rabb do not constitute gaining a reputation in all or part of the academic establishment". ... in all - no, of course not. But then I never said that, did I? ... in a part - yes, they do indeed. Because contrary to what you suggest, these people are not just an isolated "few", but have a profound influence. Like it or not, they successfully managed to polarise opinion. Calling them the tip of the iceberg would not be that far-fetched. Davies did not sue Stanford for nothing, you see.
 * Further, I absolutely fail to see how saying that something gained Davies "the reputation of an anti-Semite with a part the academic establishment", should, as you write, "nobilitate[] these three critics and validates their position(s) against Davies". That you think so may have to do with a skewed understanding of the words "reputation", and possibly also "academic establishment". A reputation does not have to reflect the truth at all, and as often as not is not rightly deserved. Plus, "academic establishment" is not as nice a term as it may sound to your ears. When someone says that Britney Spears has a reputation as an excellent artist with a part of her teenage audience, this hardly "nobilitates" the teenage audience, does it? In fact, it tells you more about the audience than it does about the artist. It's not entirely different here.
 * Thank you so much for your offer to send me a reference to the 25 or maybe 30 references, but: You still seem to have a hard time understanding that I am not accusing Davies of anything here, least of all of anti-Semitism. I am merely stating that some people do, for reasons we can't discuss in detail, and have succeeded in damaging his career. That is something decisively different.
 * On a final note, who told you that Gentile was a "more proper" word for a non-Jewish person, and what on earth has this got to do with the issue we are discussing? Very much as "Goyim", "gentile" refers to a specifically Jewish point of view. So why use it when "non-Jewish" is not only perfectly correct, but unbiased, less pretentious and more instantly understandable to non-historians (or whatever you prefer to call them)? If you feel the urge to impress people with your vocabulary, you would be well advised to look for the right context first. --Thorsten1 11:20, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Quoting dictionary definition of the word "reputation" was my attempt to establish a common ground between our positions. However, since you don't want to accept dictionary definition(s) of the word our discussion here is futile. Gentile(s) IMHO is a better word for a non-Jewish person (I have changed it 2x in the article). --Ttyre 12:45, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Ttyre, your edits in the article and contributions here did not exactly give me the impression that you were honestly looking for "common ground". On the contrary, to me it seems that you are stirring up a row for the mere sake of it. As for your definitions, I have nothing at all against dictionaries. But often they do not capture all nuances of a word's meaning in a given context, which is why they are of limited use in discussions, esp. when they are rabulistically brought up against common sense. My own polonophile tendencies forbid me to dwell upon the question why this often occurs in discussions between Poles and Westerners on Wikipedia. However, since you don't want to accept my extensive comments on the usage of the word, I fully agree that our discussion here is futile. So there's your common ground. I'd still be curious to learn in what ways "Gentile" is supposed to be a "better" word, though. --Thorsten1 13:31, 4 May 2005 (UTC)

from Jehudit: I revised the text to remove POV on disputed issues, remove name-calling, remove opinions made without citation, remove ethnic stereotypes, and add citations (likely an incomplete list consisting of those readily available). Specifically,

1. The text “Davies's partially polemical statements on this topic gained him the reputation of an anti-Semite with a part the academic establishment” and “While Davies's critics focus on unconventional statements that may be construed as anti-Semitic”  were removed for  POV, personal opinion, absence of citations.

The allegation that Davies is anti-Semitic is a personal opinion of the author. It was not made in the Stanford case cited. The criticism attributed to Dawidowicz in the press release (without citation) did not allege that Davies personally was anti-Semitic, but that his historical presentation “…minimized historic anti-Semitism in Poland…etc.”. It was not made in subsequent writings by Dawidowicz, Rabb, or Brumberg. At least in the references which I found, they do not say this. Thorsten1 uses their names without citation, to misattribute the allegation to them rather than himself (see citations added). Likewise, I did not find it in the body of scholarly debate on Davies’ historical works.

The moniker “anti-Semite” is a serious charge which borders on defamation when made without substantial and careful validation. The initial text crossed into the realm of personal opinion and name-calling.

No citation was given for text “partially polemical” and “unconventional statements” by Davies? What statements? Who considers them “polemical” or “unconventional? What opinions “may be construed” as anti-Semitic and by whom?

Tytre correctly complains on the misuse of the word “reputation”. The statement “…gained him a reputation” [read negative] is innuendo and personal attack. Unable to support this wording, Thorsten1 resorts to personal attack on Tytre’s English skills. The text did not represent or cite the body of scholarly debate on the historical merit of Davies’ works. Allegations made by individuals such as Dawidowicz, Rabb, Brumberg - should be supported with citations to those persons, and not a vague generalization to someone’s  "gaining a reputation”  in the “establishment.”  I have tried to supply a few citations to their criticisms together with the rebuttals of others. The ongoing debate on the historical presentation of the Holocaust is not yet resolved in the academic establishment.

2. Text on the Stanford case was revised for clarity, correctness and NPOV.

The original wording misled some readers into thinking that the Stanford controversy was somehow related to the opinions of Rabb and Brumberg in addition to Dawidowicz, and somehow related to the charge of anti-Semitism. In fact, the Stanford faculty voted on the appointment in early 1986. Dawidowicz, Rabb, and Brumberg published commentaries on Davies in 1987, 1996 and 2001.

The allegation in the court case against Stanford was not anti-Semitism, but Davies’ [the plaintiff] own allegation of defamation, breach of contract etc. against Stanford. The original text selectively quotes a press release issued by Stanford, the defendant (“Davies' works have been criticized at Stanford and elsewhere, by such experts as Lucy S. Dawidowicz….”,  but did not include the next sentence “ Davies supporters contend….”.    Wikipedia is not the venue to file an opinion on a case which was never tried.  However, if  this subject is deemed of sufficient importance to be included in an encyclopedia entry, both the defendant’s and plaintiff’s position (such as the Complaint filed with the court) should be given. 3.  Removed references to “ Polish nationalist claims”,  “Polono-centric historical myths”, and “the Polish position”.  What “Polish nationalist claims”?  What “strong tendency to create Polono-centric historical myths” .  Is there a single, generally accepted “Polish position”?   Provide citation to Davies’ use of this characterization of the Poles. Otherwise, these statements represent ethnic or national stereotypes of the author.

4. Removed “scientific”, which in common usage suggests an article on a scientific subject rather than history. Jehudit 19:00, 4 May 2005 (UTC) [signature added by Thorsten1, 17:00, 11 May 2005 (UTC)]

Response to Jehudit by Thorsten1 With some delay, I finally have the opportunity to react to Jehudit's above accusations. In a nutshell, she sees it fit to blame the messenger for the message, accusing me of "name-calling" and "personal defamation"; to misrepresent my statements to mean the opposite of what they say (alternatively, she simply ignores them, claiming I mean the opposite of what I say - and leaving it to the reader to infer that I am a blatant liar); and insinuating that I am guided by "ethnic or national stereotypes".

Jehudith wrote: "The allegation that Davies is anti-Semitic is a personal opinion of the author". I wonder how Jehudit knows that this is my "personal opinion" when I explicitely and repeatedly criticised this allegation as absurd? The only conclusion I can draw from Jehudit's statement is that she is either accusing me of intentionally lying about my "real" opinion, or presumes to know my own opinion better than I do myself. Either premise makes it impossible to argue with her. Nonetheless, I feel compelled to rebut Jehudit's irritating attacks, if only to protect my own integrity.

"The moniker "anti-Semite" is a serious charge which borders on defamation when made without substantial and careful validation." I absolutely agree; Jehudit should go ahead and tell that to the people who are a bit trigger happy with this allegation. Regardless of what she or Ttyre may choose to read into my opinion, I am not one of them - on the contrary, having been on the receiving end of such allegations myself, I have every reason to be extra careful with it. However, unlike Jehudit, I do think that a prerequisite for dealing with such allegations is having them out in the open. Trying to sweep them under the carpet, or sophistically asserting they do not even exist is certainly not a tried and tested method of dealing with them; at worst, this may be interpreted as sheepish evasion or a tacit admission of guilt. That is why trying to cover up the issue or denying its existence would be doing Davies a disservice; unfortunately, that is exactly what Jehudit goes on to do:

"[The allegation of anti-Semitism] was not made in the Stanford case cited. The criticism attributed to Dawidowicz in the press release (without citation) [Note: blame that on Stanford's press officer] did not allege that Davies personally was anti-Semitic, but that his historical presentation "…minimized historic anti-Semitism in Poland…etc.". It was not made in subsequent writings by Dawidowicz, Rabb, or Brumberg. At least in the references which I found, they do not say this. [...] Likewise, I did not find it in the body of scholarly debate on Davies' historical works."

No, of course Jehudit did not find it in any "scholarly debate", nor in the Stanford case. Davies' critics are too cunning to make explicit accusations; they know that, in the absence of any proper evidence, subtle allusions will catch on much better. I suppose Jehudit is perfectly aware of that (at least I have no reason to doubt that she is); however, she prefers to play possum so that she can continue to conveniently blame the messenger for the message: "Thorsten1 uses their names without citation, to misattribute the allegation to them rather than himself (see citations added)."

My sincere thanks go to Jehudit for hammering it home to me that I think Davies is an anti-Semite - I really didn't know that I think so until now, you see; but let's hear Anne Applebaum, whose name I used early on, with citation. She appears to understand the mechanisms of influence in the academic establishment much better than Jehudit pretends to: "Rabb [...] is fond of making vague and unsubstantiated accusations [...]", she says in her review of Europe: A History. She goes on to quote Brumberg, who indignantly "feels that describing [Nazi atrocities and Jewish postwar cooperation with Communist atrocities] on the same page "helps to camouflage the unique nature of the German holocaust."" This, according to Applebaum, is a sequel to the affair surrounding God's Playground in the 1980s, when "[...] a group of American academics complained that Davies had failed to put sufficient emphasis on the role which the Poles had played in carrying out the Nazi Holocaust. Although no one spoke openly of anti-Semitism — just as Professor Rabb does not speak openly of anti-Semitism — the accusations were enough to prevent Davies from getting the tenure which he had been promised at Stanford." She concludes by saying that "It does now appear that unless you go on spouting the clichés [...] you are likely to find your book [...] dismissed as "right-wing" or "anti-Semitic"".

Maybe Jehudit should contact Applebaum and let her know that Rabb etc. really meant nothing of that kind; that in fact it is strictly Applebaum's personal opinion that Davies is an anti-Semite, an opinion which she misattributes to Rabb and Brumberg, whose names she uses without proper citation; finally, that she engages in name-calling and personal defamation. And while Jehudit is already at it, why not sue the New Statesman for quoting the abusive comment of "one professor of history" in the first paragraph of its review of Europe, and for saying that in the response to the book, the "issue of anti-Semitism has never been far below the surface" and that "people said he had trivialised the Holocaust" ? After all, isn't it quite clear that the author, hiding behind "one professer of history" and some anonymous "people" is pushing his own agenda? Why take the trouble to tackle the message when condemning the messenger is so much easier?

And what about the following statement from a Polish review of Smok wawelski nad Tamizą: "Część amerykańskich Żydów zaczęła wytwarzać wokół niego wrogą atmosferę, pojawiły się oskarżenia o antysemityzm. Doszło wręcz do tego, że nie dostał katedry na uniwersytecie w Stanford. [...] Historyk, który jako pierwszy do historii Polski wstawił rozdział poświęcony Żydom, który nad Wisłą uchodzi za jednego z czołowych orędowników tropienia wszelkich krzywd, jakie Polacy wyrządzili Żydom, który za jeden z najważniejszych tekstów uważa sławny artykuł Jana Błońskiego, raptem został zdefiniowany jako antysemita." ("Some American Jews began to create a hostile atmosphere around him [Davies], accusations of anti-Semitism appeared. In the end, he did not get a chair at Stanford. [...] A historian, who was the first to include a special chapter about Jews in a history of Poland, who on the Vistula is considered as a leading contributor to the investigation of all crimes Poles committed against Jews, who considers Jan Błoński's famous article as one of the most important texts, was all of a sudden defined as an anti-Semite"; Robert Krasowksi, Davies między sąsiadami, Życie, 19 April 2001 ). Is Krasowski another member of that clique which misattribute their own allegations against Davies to anonymous "American Jews"? Apparently so.

Jehudit inquisitorially complains: ''"No citation was given for text "partially polemical" and "unconventional statements" by Davies?  What statements? Who considers them "polemical" or "unconventional? What opinions "may be construed" as anti-Semitic and by whom?"'' Before I begin to answer each of these questions, a few words on Jehudit's apparent obsession with formal citation may be in order. Wikipedia is by definition not a place for original research, the hallmark of which is heavy use of citation; encyclopedia articles tend to restrict themselves to very few references for "further reading". Of course, it is sometimes better to have too many than too few references. But most Wikipedia articles are about things that are either generally accepted anyway, or can be checked with relatively little effort, such as in this case, with a simple Google search.

When I was writing the paragraph in question, I was not aware that anyone might seriously doubt that some scholars have explicitly or implicitly misconstrued statements made by Davies as anti-Semitic; even less did I anticipate that anyone would contend that Davies offers strictly "conventional" views on history (is "spouting the clichés", to use Applebaum's words), or that his prose is never polemical. Otherwise I would certainly have provided such references earlier on.

As for "unconventional statements" - basically these include any statements contradicting what Davies criticises as conventional Western views of European history; a subset of which he calls the "Allied Scheme of History". One such violation of conventional wisdom, as Applebaum correctly assumes, is the "capsule" Batt-101 in Europe (pp. 1022f., 1998 paperback edition). In it, Davies relates the story of the Reserve Police Battalion 101, which turned "ordinary men" into brutal killers, and quotes Christopher Browning: "If the men of the Reserve Police Battalion 101 could become killers under such circumstances, what group of men cannot?". Without further ado, Davies then segues into the question of "Jews who were placed in a similar moral position to that of Battalion 101", using the examples of Jewish ghetto policemen and Sonderkommandos recruited "for the worst tasks in the death-camps". Davies goes on to discuss the role of Jews in the post-war Polish Security Office; while "popular knowledge in the country has always insisted that the notorious communist Security Office (UB) contained a disproportionate number of Jews (or rather ex-Jews), and that their crimes were heinous", this was a "taboo" only recently broken by a case study on the UB in Upper Silesia. The study not only revealed that "in 1945 every single commander and three-quarters of the local agents [...] were of Jewish origin", but also that "ex-Nazi camps and prisons were refilled with totally innocent civilians, especially Germans; and that torture, starvation, sadistic beatings and murder were routine". Davies concludes by saying that "in this light it is difficult to justify the widespread practice whereby murderers, the victims, and the bystanders of wartime Poland are each neatly identified with specific ethnic groups" (p. 1023).

Personally, I fully agree with this conclusion. But let us not fool ourselves into thinking that mentioning crimes committed by Germans against Jews and crimes committed by Jews against Poles and even Germans in the same context, is "conventional" in the "reputable" academic environment. It is anything but that. It fundamentally contradicts the common wholesale characterisation of Jews as victims under any circumstances, according to which any offences committed by Jews are by definition more excusable than those committed by others. The same goes for that crucial sentence in the chapter on Jewish life in God's Playground, which was alleged to downplay Polish inter-war and wartime anti-Semitism: "To ask why the Poles did little to help the Jews is rather like asking why the Jews did nothing to assist the Poles" (p. 264, 1981 [?] paperback, repeated in modified form in Heart of Europe, p. 72, 1986 paperback). While there is more than some truth in that statement, there is also sarcasm and bitterness about the lack of understanding for the predicament of (non-Jewish) Poles. It is intentionally provocative - designed to challenge the dogmatic notion that the Poles are somehow guilty of collective wilful neglect or worse. If Wikipedia's definition of the term "polemic" is anything to go by, then this statement is an excellent example.

Which brings me to Jehudit's question as to "what opinions "may be construed" as anti-Semitic and by whom". Generally speaking, just about any opinion involving Jews may be construed as anti-Semitic. Sometimes having an opinion about Jews at all is deemed enough to substantiate the allegation of anti-Semitism; after all, it's a small step from imagining any Jewish collectivity to dreaming up a worldwide Jewish conspiracy, isn't it? At other times, not declaring any opinion about Jews is enough to substantiate the same allegation; after all, why would one want to hush up the existence of Jews? On the Polish example, merely speaking of "Polish Jews" might be construed as latently anti-Semitic - as it implies an act of "othering" Jews from "actual" Poles. Conversely, refusal to speak of "Polish Jews" may just as well be construed that way: As an attempt to deny Jews their right to a separate ethnic identity (an act of "saming" if you will). If a personal anecdote is permitted - I was once asked why, according to my opinion, there was no significant domestic anti-Semitism in Franquist Spain. I said there could hardly have been any, since the Spanish Jews had been expelled as early as 1492. This answer was instantly revealed as latently anti-Semitic; after all it could be reversed to mean that there would have been anti-Semitism had there been Jews - thus the Jews are to blame themselves. Such is the atmosphere when talking about Jewish matters. There are certain people (some of them Jews, most of them not, I hasten to add) who are constantly looking for an opportunity to accuse others of anti-Semitism because it makes them feel morally superior. In the face of this, Jehudit's acting the innocent fool and her bossy inquiry which of Davies's opinions "may be construed" as anti-Semitic and by whom" look like yet another threadbare attempt to hold the messenger responsible for the message.

Jehudit wrote "Tytre correctly complains on the misuse of the word "reputation". The statement "…gained him a reputation" [read negative] is innuendo and personal attack. Unable to support this wording, Thorsten1 resorts to personal attack on Tytre's English skills." The "personal attack on Tytre's English skills" Jehudit is referring to was not only instantly apologised for, but was in fact tiny in comparison to my extensive explanation as to why I think that saying that Davies "gained a (negative) reputation in a part of the academic establishment" is absolutely correct. Not only does Jehudit completely ignore that explanation (which, of course, she need not agree with); she also chooses to dismiss my emphatic dissociation from what I was observing. She either fails to understand that observing a phenomenon does not necessarily imply approval of that phenomenon; or she does understand that, but prefers to denounce her opponents as liars. Both possibilities do little to raise my respect for her as a serious disputant.

Jehudit complains that "The text did not represent or cite the body of scholarly debate on the historical merit of Davies' works." No, it did not - because as explained above, the opposition against Davies does not operate on the level of "scholarly debate". Which makes it less valid, but no less effective or - as Jehudit tries to imply - less existent. In his 1987 rebuttal to Dawidowicz, Davies himself demonstrated a much better understanding of how the "campaign" against him works. As I do not have the original handy I hope you won't mind me quoting and retranslating the Polish translation: "Dawidowicz [...] nie pozbyła się [...] cechy wszystkich komunistycznych polemistów, którzy próbują zniszczyć reputację swoich oponentów, nie poświęcając trudu na analizę ich poglądów. Jeśli pozwolimy, by takie podejście zwyciężyło, wkrótce okaże się, że każdy, kto zakwestionuje przedstawioną przez Dawidowicz wersję prawdy, zostanie rychło przegnany z mediów i z życia akademickiego" ("Dawidowicz [...] has not given up the characteristic method of all communist controverters who try to destroy their opponents' reputation without taking the trouble to analyse their views. If we let such an approach gain ground, it will soon turn out that anyone who questions the version of truth presented by Dawidowicz will be removed from the media and academic life." - Smok wawelski nad Tamizą: Eseje, polemiki, wykłady, p. 138).

Davies also has some ideas about Dawidowicz's potential motivation: Edelman's criticism of Zionism and Israel's policies, his own criticism of Israeli nationalism, and his refusal to have his area of expertise, the history of Poland, presented in the categories of Jewish-American mythology and collective guilt. That is why, when Davies wrote a positive review on Edelman, Dawidowicz "poczuła się dotknięty podwójnie. Ponieważ nie może napiętnować Edelmana jako antisemity, sugeruje, że jest on niezrównoważony psychicznie. Ponieważ nie jest przygotowana do tego, by polemizować z linią argumentacji Daviesa, stwierdza, że jego kompetencje naukowe są żałosne" (p. 138-9). Davies also alludes to an ominous "computer error", as a result of which the paperback edition of God's Playground did not end up in the catalogue of U.S. Books in Print, and Dawidowicz's possible role in the Stanford case (p. 142).

Jehudit complains that "allegations made by individuals such as Dawidowicz, Rabb, Brumberg - should be supported with citations to those persons, and not a vague generalization to someone's "gaining a reputation" in the "establishment." I admit that it would have been better to be more specific about the individuals who first came out with the allegations from the beginning. If, however, Jehudit seeks to imply that precise citations could somehow create the impression that we are dealing with strictly personal animosities between isolated individuals with no or little clout in "(parts of) the establishment", she is either being naive or considers Wikipedia's readership naive. As I said earlier on, these authors appear to be just the tip of a much bigger iceberg. "I have tried to supply a few citations to their criticisms together with the rebuttals of others." Thanks for that nonetheless: They are nice to have even if they do not contribute anything to the issue at hand. "The ongoing debate on the historical presentation of the Holocaust is not yet resolved in the academic establishment." Certainly not, not least thanks to Davies. But then I did not imply otherwise when I said that there were certain "conventions" (or "clichés", to quote Applebaum again) regarding the historical presentation of the Holocaust and the events surrounding it.

Jehudit complains that "the original wording misled some readers into thinking that the Stanford controversy was somehow related to the opinions of Rabb and Brumberg in addition to Dawidowicz, and somehow related to the charge of anti-Semitism. In fact, the Stanford faculty voted on the appointment in early 1986. Dawidowicz, Rabb, and Brumberg published commentaries on Davies in 1987, 1996 and 2001." I acknowledge that the wording was at one point misleading - this was due to some hectic editing after the entire paragraph had been deleted and Ttyre flatly denied that any this had any relevance at all. However, the "wrong" impression evoked by the text was not so wrong after all. That Dawidowicz and her epigones published their comments only during and after the Stanford case, respectively, just goes to prove that we are dealing with a more massive and complex machination than Ttyre and Jehudit are willing to admit. Even at the risk of fostering conspiracy theories - Dawidowicz, Brumberg, Rabb, Judt all appear to be different heads of one hydra. To point out that it reared its heads in different guises and at different times does not disprove its existence; if anything, the opposite is the case.

"The allegation in the court case against Stanford was not anti-Semitism, but Davies' [the plaintiff] own allegation of defamation, breach of contract etc. against Stanford." True enough, but again, I never implied otherwise. All I said was that the charge of anti-Semitism was believed to be a factor when Davies was denied the position, and that Davies subsequently sued the university. "The original text selectively quotes a press release issued by Stanford, the defendant ("Davies' works have been criticized at Stanford and elsewhere, by such experts as Lucy S. Dawidowicz….", but did not include the next sentence " Davies supporters contend….". [...] if this subject is deemed of sufficient importance to be included in an encyclopedia entry, both the defendant's and plaintiff's position (such as the Complaint filed with the court) should be given."

In principle, this is a justifiable position; but again it ignores how the paragraph in question came about in the first place, resulting in a mispresentation of my intention. In fact, I inserted this quotation only after Ttyre claimed that the allegations against Davies were irrelevant to his professional standing. I actually considered including the following sentence as well: "Davies' supporters contend that Poles suffered as much as Jews did in the war and could have done very little to save any of the 3 million Jews living in Poland at the time of the Nazi invasion in 1939." However, I decided not to as I felt it was merely stating the obvious and would have further distorted the proportion between the this and the uncontroversial remaining part of the article. Also, a link to the full Stanford statement was provided. As for the actual complaint filed with the court, I am not aware that it is available anywhere on the internet. If Jehudit has access to it and sees it fit to include it here, she is of course free to take care of that.

Finally, Jehudit says she "removed references to " Polish nationalist claims", "Polono-centric historical myths", and "the Polish position". What "Polish nationalist claims"? What "strong tendency to create Polono-centric historical myths" . Is there a single, generally accepted "Polish position"? Provide citation to Davies' use of this characterization of the Poles. Otherwise, these statements represent ethnic or national stereotypes of the author."

First off, I did not speak of any "single, generally accepted 'Polish position'" as such, although Jehudit tries to create this impression by truncating a sentence of some 20 words down to just 2. The full sentence reads: "In fact, in presenting Polish-Russian, Polish-Jewish or Polish-Western conflicts, Davies tends to justify or qualify criticism of the Polish position." And yes, in many if not most Polish-Russian, Polish-Jewish or Polish-Western conflicts, there is in fact a "single, generally accepted 'Polish position'". To give just a few examples, there is the Polish-Russian issue of Katyń (Davies supported the Polish position that the massacre was committed by the Soviets); there is the Polish-Western issue on whether or not the West could have done more to assist the Polish combatants (Davies supports the Polish position that they could have done more). Then there are the various Polish-Jewish issues, such as whether the or not non-Jewish Poles could have done more to assist their Jewish neighbours (Davies supports the Polish position that they could not possibly have done more), whether or not anti-Semitism in inter-war Poland was in any way a prelude to the Holocaust and Polish "bystanding" (Davies supports the Polish position that it was not), whether or not there was a majority of Jews in the brutal communist security police after the war (Davies supports the Polish position that there was). Of course, none of these are shared by each and every Pole. But they are obviously shared by enough Poles to arguably justify calling them "Polish positions".

As for the sentence ''"While Davies's critics focus on unconventional statements that may be construed as anti-Semitic, they tend to overlook the fact that he simultaneously contradicts Polish nationalist claims and vehemently criticises a strong tendency to create Polono-centric historical myths."' Jehudit is either unable or unwilling to understand that the entire sentence is meant to counterweigh the unfair but widespread criticism of Davies as a romantic admirer of all things Polish. As I indicated above, there are many people who "know" exactly one thing about Davies - that he is an uncritical champion of the "Polish cause". As one example of this type of reception take John Connelly's review of Rising '44 in the London Review of Books: Connelly criticises the book as a "hyperpatriotic account", asserting that "Davies is reiterating what is known in Poland as the 'romantic' position.", and somewhat skewedly confronting Davies's "romantic" account with Włodzimierz Borodziej's "realist" history of the Uprising, which he contends was unaffected by the bias of the survivors. Connelly claims that the survivors' "self-righteousness has become [Davies's]; their rejection of persistent questions about Polish anti-semitism explains his impatient refusal to look squarely at the 'black pages' of Polish history" .

Of course, if one prefers to deny that such criticism even exists, any counterweight is just an irritating stumbling block that must somehow be disposed of. Jehudit does so with a typical sophistic trick: She builds a straw man to transport a threadbare abusive ad hominem attack. I am, of course, unable to "provide citation" to any such "characterization of the Poles" in Davies's works. But neither do I see why I should, when all I said was that "Polish nationalist claims" and "Polono-centric historical myths" exist; that Davies criticises them; and that his critics tend not to see that - while they make much of Davies's criticism of Zionist claims and myths. Among the myths Davies criticises is the exclusive ancestral right of the Polish nation to a certain territory that must be defended against Jewish, German or Ukrainian aliens.

In an essay on the "Polish Melting-Pot", which appeared in Tygodnik Powszechny in 1990, Davies notes that an overwhelming part of the population cannot remember conspicuous ethnic diversity in their country: "Chociaż, oczywiście, zdają sobie oni sprawę, że w przedwojennej Polsce mieszkały liczne tak zwane mniejszości, to jednak panujący obecnie stan rzeczy nieuchronnie utrwalił uświęcone tradycją nacjonalistyczne mity, według których polskie 'ziemie' są związane wyłącznie z polskim 'narodem'. Rządowa propaganda niewątpliwie odegrała tu swoją rolę; nieunikniona stała się jednak, być może, tęstknota pozbawionego korzeni powojennego pokolenia Polaków za narodową przeszłością, kiedy to ich przodkowie byli dumni ze swego miejsca na ziemi, a 'mniejszości' odgrywałzy zaledwie marginalną rolę" ("Although they are, of course, aware that in inter-war Poland there lived many so-called minorities, the present circumstances inevitably cemented certain nationalist myths sanctified by tradition, according to which the Polish 'soil' is exclusively tied with the Polish 'nation'. Government propaganda has doubtlessly played its part here; however, it may have been inevitable that the uprooted post-war generation of Poles longed for a national past when their forefathers were proud of their place on earth, and 'minorities' played only a marginal role." - Smok wawelski..., p. 87).

See also the shrewd analysis of the development of Polish national awareness at the beginning of volume II of God's Playground: Davies approvingly notes Mickiewicz's and Piłsudski's understanding of "Polishness in non-national terms", whereas "other people, whose aspirations departed completely from all historical precedents, came to think of Polishness as a quality reserved exclusively for Polish speakers or even Polish Catholics" (p. 12). For those who would dismiss such a statement as a vague generalisation without correct citation: Davies is, of course, speaking of Roman Dmowski's version of Polish identity. Davies even goes as far as implying that this aggressive, exclusionist version of national identity might have been copied from their German neighbours: "Fichte's ideas of the Urvolk or 'Primordial People' and of the mystical union of the nation with its native soil are still alive, completely unattributed, in Poland today" (p. 28; cf. Heart of Europe, p. 138-9).

Davies is also critical of the Polish myth about the "Recovered Territories". Post-war propaganda made their acquisition appear as a long sought after return to the motherland after many centuries under foreign rule, but Davies writes that "although all Polish parties were eager to obtain Danzig, few had hoped for Breslau, and none had thought of Stettin" (God's Playground, p. 501); and that "Poland was awarded far more German territory in the West than she could possibly have wanted, whilst receiving nothing [...] of her historic lands in the East" (Heart of Europe, p. 105). To say something like that out loud is still a surefire way to stir up a controversy in Poland today, 20 years on.

Against the notion that Poles had once fiercely defended these territories, Davies remarks that "it is not good form in modern Poland to recall that the Slavs took part in [the] great Drang nach Osten no less than the Germans" (Heart of Poland, p. 281-2). He dismisses the "simplistic theories supporting the exclusive claims of immemorial possession by just one ethnic group" as practiced by the Autochtonous School, "which sees the territory of the present People's Republic [...] as the fixed and exclusive homeland of the Prasłowanie''".

No wonder that Davies himself declares, tongue in cheek and with explicit reference to the Stanford case, that "mimo iż uważam się za polonofila, to co mówię o Polakach, nie zawsze im się podoba. Parę lat temu zostałem uznany przez 'Dziennik Polski' w Londynie za siłę antypolską, bo [...] nie zgadzam się z tezą o słowiańskim charakterze kultury łużyckiej. A co by było, gdyby wiedziano, że jako romantyczny Celt sądzę, iż Kraków powinien należeć do Celtów?" ("Although I consider myself a Polonophile, the Poles do not always like what I say about them. A few years ago the 'Dziennik Polski' in London identified me as an anti-Polish force, because [...] I do not agree with the thesis of the Slavonic character of the Lusatian Culture. What if they knew that as a romantic Celt I think that Cracow should belong to the Celts?" - Smok wawelski..., p. 22).

I could go on, but I believe I have already provided enough "citation" for Jehudit, even if I cannot serve her with any "characterisation of the Poles" as nationalists.

Finally, I can't help but recognise that Jehudit's style of discussion is strikingly reminiscient of Dawidowicz's. She consistently ignores all my statements that do not match her own preconceptions; she takes statements out of context; she invents statements I never made; she implicitly accuses me of defamation, name-calling, and lying about my intentions; in the end, she claims I was doing all this because I was guided by some unidentified "ethnic or national stereotypes" - an ad hominem attack if I ever saw one. By the way, this strikes me as almost amusing - as at the same time I am being attacked as pro-Polish on the German Wikipedia. What I find less amusing, though, is that Jehudit is undermining my own reputation as a Wikipedia author. I wrote most of this article - Jehudit insinuates I did so for the sole purpose of calling Davies an anti-Semite. Jehudit, who is quick with accusations about personal attacks is not too shy about launching personal attacks herself, it seems. Now, should anyone state that I gained the reputation of an anti-Polish name-caller in parts of Wikipedia's establishment I can hardly object. --Thorsten1 17:51, 11 May 2005 (UTC)

Another famous Norman Davies?
I have moved unreferenced addition by anon to talk. I don't think he would pass notability criteria, however.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 21:18, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

''Another notable character of the same name is 2004 British Draughts and Checkers Champion Norman Davies of Porthmadog, North Wales. (Born 20/8/1987). He is famous for his fast play, exuberant dress sense and numerous large tattoos on his torso and arms.''

Gods Playground
God's Playground thats the book you are refernig to and that is the place to write about its contents. If you want to write about censorship in general than edit this article: Censorship. Cheers 77.253.65.24 (talk) 08:34, 16 October 2008 (UTC)

Anglo-Welsh
I have absolutely no horse in this race, but I can tell you that I talked with Norman Davies about this page when I was at a conference a few months ago, and he explicitly stated that he sees himself as Anglo-Welsh. I don't know how much closer to the spirit of the man you can get. Just my .02. Bubble07 (talk) 20:43, 18 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Good enough for me. Kudos for bringing it up with him and clarifying it. Historian932 (talk) 01:28, 8 November 2011 (UTC)

The Isles Controversy
I removed a section that refuted Davies' thesis for two reasons: it violated NPOV, and it was written like an informal aside after someone had said something controversial. I removed the paragraph and noted that the book was "controversial." I really don't have a side in this, but that kind of counter-Davies commentary would be more appropriate for an article about Britishness or the history of the United Kingdom. An article about the scholar should present his work in a fair manner, not vet his work for truth or present a more balanced view. The article is about the man and what he's said/written, not British historiography. That said, someone could do a better job than I did of noting exactly why it's controversial, perhaps with an extra sentence. It doesn't deserve an entire paragraph. Yale2010 (talk) 20:49, 13 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Agree with removal, it was unreferenced editorializing. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 19:22, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

Davies not knighted
Just came across this after reading the bio on his homepage and thought it should be mentioned here: "NB. Please pay no attention to unauthorised entries on the Internet, particularly Wikipedia. It is not true that Norman Davies has been knighted, although a mistaken leader in the Guardian did once report that non-fact." I didn't see anything in the article about Davies being knighted so it must have already been removed. -- œ ™ 02:03, 19 December 2009 (UTC)

Stanford thing
Well, it's their loss, not his.

In any case, why he would have wanted to live in that benighted land is beyond me, unless to bring a little enlightenment to it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.134.67.209 (talk) 18:30, 2 September 2012 (UTC)

Titles after name
What is the MOS for titles after the name in the lede? Can somebody link me to that guideline. I usually stay on my side of the pond for bios, but I have been dabbling a bit lately. Cheers, --Malerooster (talk) 11:31, 20 August 2013 (UTC)

Reference no. 14
Fellows of the Royal Historical Society, D – F" (MSWord). Retrieved 3 August 2008. - document not found. --Hnsjrgnweis 11:28, 21 December 2015 (UTC)

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RE POLISH NAME CONTROVERSY IN "RISING 44"
In "Rising 44", Davies either removed Polish last names, leaving only the first letters, or replaced them with non-Polish pseudo-equivalents, sometimes weird and offensive (e.g. branding the commander of the Warsaw Rising, Bor-Komorowski, as "Boor"). He explained he had to do that at the insistence of the publisher and as a condition for the book publication. And also suggesting the Polish language indeed is an incompatible one. To back the last assertion, he gave a quote from novelist Dickens (19th century) on Polish language - contrary-to-facts, ignorant, xenophobic, simply stupid. I'm no enemy of Davies, I know what he's gone through trying to counter Polonophobia in English-language historiography, but what I'm sharing is also true as regards him. Cutting out Polish names, including those of Warsaw Uprising fighters, but leaving intact the foreign names, including the names of German militarymen of Polish origin (e.g. Bach Zelewski), is really really bad. Actually Polonophobic. Even the Prussians during the Partitions, even the Nazis didn't act so. The Poles have kept silent on this shocking insult from a figure who is supposed to be the top-notch foreign Polonophile. The silence (timid and in order not to cause waves) is simply wrong. Some more things of this kind can be said of Davies. Finally, in "The Isles", Davies is a fervid defender of the "Celtic" languages, including Welsh, against the supposed English aggression and discrimination.... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.50.175.234 (talk) 19:53, 27 August 2016 (UTC)

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BLP violations?
- care to explain how long standing criticism in the article and this well sourced description of his multi-year court-case are BLP violations? I will note that besides restoring factually incorrect information (e.g. the vote which was 12-11, the damages sought which were up to 9 million, and the parties sued - which were more than just the university initially), your edit reinstated a BLP violation - specifically, The case ultimately collapsed when Davies was unable to depose Professor Harold Kahn as to what Kahn (who refused to be deposed) had said about Davies in closed faculty hearings. The court ruled that because of California's right of privacy "even if we assume that... a candidate may be denied tenure for improper" [e.g., defamatory] "reasons, we are of the opinion that the right of a faculty member to discuss with his colleagues the candidate's qualifications thoroughly and candidly, in confidence and without fear of compelled disclosure, is of such paramount value that it ought not to be impaired." The court upheld the university's right to decide on faculty appointments on the basis of any criteria. - is WP:OR (see WP:BLPREMOVE) which is not present in Stanford University News Service is based on the 1987 court decision - which is an inappropriate source per WP:BLPPRIMARY. I shall note, that the Stanford University News Service reports that the reason in the 1991 final decision was The court also wrote that "from what appears in the record, the basis of the decision against Davies was not his political outlook or views, but rather the manner and substance of his academic interpretation of historical events occurring some 40 years earlier. This can hardly be called discrimination based on Davies' political views. The court also dismissed Davies' claim that Stanford violated certain California Labor Code provisions guaranteeing him the right to be free from political discrimination. His views on the Polish response to the Nazi onslaught "clearly were not 'political activity' within the meaning of the Labor Code provisions," the court wrote.". The Los Angeles Times(AP reprint - ), which is shorter, but is a higher quality source, says - The 17-page decision said a Stanford review committee that refused to offer Davies a tenured position didn't err by discussing his academic views on Poland's treatment of Jewish people.. Do kindly self-revert this BLP violation you reinstated, and explain why widely covered notable criticism of our BLP subject - present in the article for some 10 years is a BLP issue.04:56, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * IMO the court case needs a careful sentence-by-sentence work, because both text versions are not without drawbacks.
 * Stanford University News Service is clearly not neutral, non-independent source here, because Stanford was a party in the litigation, and naturally it will promote its point of view on the affair.
 * LA Times: "a 17 page decision said ... did not err by discussing" - a weird phrasing. Either it is trivial, not worthy of mentioning, or it is a misrepresentation. (It is trivial because it what else the committee has to review but academic views and expertise.)
 * There is no background for the tenure/court issue. In particular, it is unclear whether Davies already held the tenured (or any other position) at Stanford or he was denied the entry.
 * Failed deposition of Kahn is IMO important to the case, because it looks like Davies tried to use it as an argument for political motivation.
 * Therefore I suggest, instead of wholesale revert of one text with another, try to merge "good" parts of each into one.
 * Please start with listing the objections to each statement of the both texts one by one. Staszek Lem (talk) 17:47, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * I agree on the Stanford News source - it was present in the original (I left in the source, but copied(paraphrased) what AP/LA Times reported). The original text has OR on a PRIMARY court document. The court justified Stanford's decision and said it was appropriate to discuss Davies's views and writings in the tenure process - which is what AP reported, and is not trivial. Davies did not hold a tenured position (the vote was whether to grant him one) - he did claim he was promised tenure prior to moving to Stanford (probably true - such informal promises (or tenure track) are common - but I am not sure I have seen this not attributed to Davies). Davies sought to depose more than Khan - The Nation covers this at some depth (OR - if your case depends on deposing your opponent - tough luck). The original text used OR (stated he lost because he failed to depose) and quoted a length from a court decision (on the deposition issue), while not covering the actual rejection of Davies's suit.Icewhiz (talk) 18:00, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * said it was appropriate to discuss Davies's views and writings - I still fail to see why it is not trivial: in court decisions, in patents, etc., the legalese says lots of trivial things, to "cover all bases" so to say. Yes, the committee routinely reviews academic qualities of academics, by the very definition of the committee. Therefore the statement in question only becomes non-trivial if something exceptional is in the issue, e.g, if the defendant stipulated that it was improper for the committee to discuss his academic views. See Academic freedom: the committee could have erred by concluding that Davies' views were out of whack, but it cannot possibly err by discussing the views. Therefore my second guess was that LA misrepresented what was said.  Staszek Lem (talk) 18:11, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Davies' whole case was that the tenure committee's discussion, following a conspiracy of Jewish historians in the dpmt against him, on his views on Jews in Poland constituted political discrimination against him (as well as defamation, etc by the individuals). This was Davies' whole suit - read the NYT or the Nation sources. The court rejected this suit - saying it was appropriate to discuss Davies' views and writings on Jews and that discussing views on what happened 40 years ago (back then) in Poland was not a protected political view (part of Davies' suit was based on a statute in California against political discrimination).Icewhiz (talk) 18:25, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Which confirms my guess about misinterpretation: the court concluded that " what happened 40 years ago" is not political views, but academic views, and only therefore the committee was within its rights to discuss these views, which now makes sense. As for conspiracy or collusion among the committee members on scientific issues, unfortunately this offense never ever was won on courts. Staszek Lem (talk) 19:03, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Would be interesting if it ever were - would turn the whole process on its head (which seems to be quite full of it). The case did have some coverage/implications in regards to the academic freedom of the committee members (both their communication being privileged (as they were promised confidentiality) and thus not deposable, and their freedom to discuss views/research/positions of the applicant). Would be much obliged if you could try to craft a better passage.Icewhiz (talk) 19:09, 8 June 2018 (UTC)

Criticism section restored
Basically the section looks balanced, mentioning both criticism and answers. However there are some sloppy phrasing: Staszek Lem (talk) 21:20, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * "They accuse him of minimising historic antisemitism, and of promoting an idea that academic views of the Holocaust in international historiography largely overlook the suffering of non-Jewish Poles"
 * "Accusing of minimizing" is correct part (regardless validity of accusation). However "accusing <...> of promoting an idea" is illogical: he does promote this idea and there is nothing inherently wrong with the idea of overlooking something (as opposed to statement, e.g, "promoting the idea of Nazism"). Therefore this sentence must be split in two, with the second one clarifying why "the idea ... overlook" is criticizable.

((personal rant)) Much as I respect Davies for his God's Playground, IMO his treatment of Jewish-Polish relations is either sloppy or "crypto-anti-Semitic". Personally, I am leaning to the former. Many of his arguments are from the "Roots of anti-Semitism" handbook. While these arguments are valid explanation of anti-Semitism in Poland, but his presentation leaves an impression that they are excuses of Polish anti-Semitism. On the other hand, Lucy Dawidowitz goes over the board when arguing against Davies she said something, like, "Did Chabadniks carry  out pogroms in Poland?" A valid retort would be: "What is worse: a drunk crowd killing 47 Jews in Kishinev pogrom or a single Jew (Matvei Berman) who soberly killed tens of thousands of Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Poles, etc. in Gulag?" And the correct counter-retort would be: "Pissing contest between evils leads to nowhere". And that's the gravest mishap of Davies. Staszek Lem (talk) 21:42, 8 June 2018 (UTC)
 * I have seen him described as a "polophile" in several sources, e.g. .Icewhiz (talk) 05:10, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately in many cases it is formulated as an insult/accusation. Staszek Lem (talk) 15:31, 10 June 2018 (UTC)

Content removed per BLPREMOVE
In line with the previous discussion here at Talk:Norman Davies, and per WP:BLPREMOVE I reverted this edit (back to the WP:STABLE version). The edit introduced content sourced to a court document on Justia - a source explicitely prohibited per WP:BLPPRIMARY. Furthermore, the text included WP:OR not even present in the court transcript - e.g. "case ultimately collapsed when Davies was unable to depose Professor Harold Kahn" (certainly not present in a decision on the deposition!), or that "The court upheld the university's right to decide on faculty appointments on the basis of any criteria" (again - not in the case on the deposition) - do not seem to be supported by the cited source itself (which per BLPPRIMARY is prohibited in any case). Icewhiz (talk) 17:36, 4 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Using WP:BLPREMOVE to ADD material to the article which ATTACKS the subject takes some real chutzpah. No. Now, if you were ONLY removing the justia part, which actually does not make claims about the subject so WP:BLPPRIMARY does not apply, then maybe, just maybe, you'd have an argument here. But that's not what you're doing. You're ADDING extra text to the article to make the subject look bad.
 * And stop it with this "Stable Version" nonsense. You don't get to call your own preferred version "stable" just because you want to. Because this is a BLP, YOU need to get CONSENSUS to add this text.Volunteer Marek (talk) 08:30, 5 December 2018 (UTC)
 * We are not discussing an addition - the article has been stable for 6 months. WP:BLPREMOVE applies to any contentious information. As for "attacks" - descriptions of the subject in mainstream publications are not "attacks" - nor am I "adding" anything. Add WP:OR about the subject - e.g. that "The case ultimately collapsed when Davies was unable to depose Professor Harold Kahn" (citing a WP:BLPPRIMARY court transcript which doesn't contain this stmt (nor could it! it is an interim ruling)) - is improper in any topic area, and is specifically also a prohibited source for BLPs.  (who participated in the consensus forming discussion above) - perhaps you could weigh in regarding this diff and subsequent edits by VM ? Icewhiz (talk) 12:03, 5 December 2018 (UTC)
 * descriptions of the subject in mainstream publications are not "attacks" - yes they are attacks, because they are negative opinions from the opposing side. Negative opinions must come with rationales for these. Not just "he is an idiot" but "he is an idiot because he says the sky is upside down". Sometimes we don't want to go into detail; these may be deferred to sources, but still these must be verifiable. An opinion which cannot be reasonably checked is just bickering, hearsay, and gossip.  Staszek Lem (talk) 00:01, 6 December 2018 (UTC)
 * We're not talking about opinion - we're talking about description of the lawsuit (Davies's own words/claims), and the response of those whom he sued: "According to Davies, the vote was based on a 'conspiracy' due to 'political views plaintiff had expressed in his written publications with respect to Poland, the Soviet Union and the teaching of Polish and Soviet history which such defendants believed, among other things, to be insensitive to people of the Jewish faith and unacceptably defensive of the behavior of the Polish people, particularly during the German occupation of Poland in World War II.' James N. Rosse, the Stanford provost and one of the defendants in the suit, said that Davies' alleged 'insensitivity' towards Jews was indeed raised during the rejection of tenure, and that his scholarly work had a 'lack of objectivity', was 'insufficiently critical', and was 'insufficiently analytical and tends to substitute rhetoric and irony for clear historical analysis and explanation'." Icewhiz (talk) 07:29, 6 December 2018 (UTC)
 * These "descriptions" ARE opinions and it's particularly egregious and a BLP vio if they come from one of the parties in the lawsuit.Volunteer Marek (talk) 14:20, 6 December 2018 (UTC)
 * And it's funny that you first claim "we are not discussing additions" and then.... proceed to discuss your BLP violating additions.Volunteer Marek (talk) 14:21, 6 December 2018 (UTC)
 * These were not added any time recently. Davies's claims in his lawsuit are not an opinion - but rather a material fact pertinent to the lawsuit. The position of his employer, being sued, is quite obviously relevant - and is not a BLP vio when presented attributed. Finally - WP:OR based on a court transcript presently in the article (Justia) - is a bona fida blp vio - WP:BLPPRIMARY. Icewhiz (talk) 14:42, 6 December 2018 (UTC)
 * This supposed "stability" you keep bringing up, which as always just means "the version that Icewhiz likes", might, just might have something to do with a certain topic for this subject area, no? Volunteer Marek (talk) 15:26, 6 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Any concrete policy based rationale for use of a court transcript (Justia) as a source (with a dash of OR on top)? Any policy based rationale to to Davies's own claims? "According to Davies, the vote was based on a 'conspiracy' due to 'political views plaintiff had expressed in his written publications with respect to Poland, the Soviet Union and the teaching of Polish and Soviet history which such defendants believed, among other things, to be insensitive to people of the Jewish faith and unacceptably defensive of the behavior of the Polish people, particularly during the German occupation of Poland in World War II.'" Icewhiz (talk) 15:41, 6 December 2018 (UTC)
 * I don't see "conspiracy" in the current version and agree that loaded words of this kind do not belong to wikipedia, BLP or not. Same about "insensitivity", "lack of objectivity". etc. The validity of these opinions is not verifiable. Therefore an overall criticism statement is enough. For god's sake, we are not writing about rapper's feuds, do we? Staszek Lem (talk) 00:15, 7 December 2018 (UTC)

MH370 conspiracy theory
Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 theory of Davies, Honeywell computer remote hijacking and hiding in Antarctica ice, must be present because Davies told his theory in a published book, interviews, and in media listings of conspiracy theories of MH370 he is always listed:

https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=12191656

https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/040518/7-conspiracy-theories-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370-disappearance.html

https://www.theweek.co.uk/mh370/58037/mh370-conspiracy-theories-what-happened-to-the-missing-plane

https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/the-magazine-interview-the-historian-norman-davies-on-conspiracy-theories-the-cold-war-and-his-own-spy-novel-past-8s86qwnpm?wgu=270525_54264_15765170745608_5154128985&wgexpiry=1584293074&utm_source=planit&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_content=22278
 * Interesting but WP:UNDUE/WP:FRINGE here, plus potential WP:BLP issues. Best start an article about the book, such content would be more due in it than here. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 05:00, 18 December 2019 (UTC)

Theories on Holocaust Studies
Davies' theories of Holocaust Studies being directed by Israeli embassy in 1974 must be in article because Davies wrote them in book and received national media attention to his claims:

https://polandin.com/44733436/british-historian-unveils-how-antipolish-holocaust-narrative-was-initiated

https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7785/Artykul/2380023,Academics-were-told-to-call-Poles-%e2%80%98bystanders%e2%80%99-of-Holocaust-historian

https://wiadomosci.dziennik.pl/opinie/artykuly/609563,norman-davies-historia-holokaust-zydzi-polacy-ii-wojna-swiatowa-niemcy-hitlerowcy.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by Teutonic Mouse (talk • contribs) 06:47, 17 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Interesting but WP:UNDUE/WP:FRINGE here, plus potential WP:BLP issues. Best start an article about the book, such content would be more due in it than here. --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 05:00, 18 December 2019 (UTC)

Not Polish
The article says he is Welsh-Polish. He is not Polish. Marrying a Polish person does not make you Polish. 86.175.77.249 (talk) 15:17, 9 January 2022 (UTC)
 * This source explains that Davies received Polish citizenship from President Bronislaw Komorowski in July 2014. But I don't see why he's described as "Welsh". He was born in Bolton, and being "of Welsh descent" doesn't make one Welsh. Martinevans123 (talk) 18:18, 9 January 2022 (UTC)

Another book
Norman Davies: Vanished Kingdoms: the History of Half-forgotten Europe, Allen Lane, 2011 should be included in the list of published books by this author — Preceding unsigned comment added by Peter Bavington (talk • contribs) 15:31, 23 January 2022 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 16 March 2022
I want to change this page Carletteyt (talk) 20:07, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

 * What did you have in mind? Martinevans123 (talk) 20:36, 16 March 2022 (UTC)

The section on controversies is missing
And the "politics" section that stands in its place lacks context. For example, it has a quote from Davies saying, "Holocaust scholars need have no fears that rational comparisons might threaten that uniqueness." But that doesn't make any sense without a paragraphing mentioning that Holocaust scholars *have* criticized his comparisons of the Holocaust to other tragedies as making an incomparable evil seem like it was not unique in type but only magnitude.

There are so many questions I have about Davies that this article brushes over. I know he has critics, so who are the people who disagree with him? What is up with his need to "correct the record" publicly by starting that Russia alone defeated Hitler and the Allies played only minor roles? Why did he sue Stanford when they refused him tenure? What is up with his weird claim that Poland was "set up" to take the blame for the Holocaust? Why did he become a Polish citizen? Why is he so upset about Churchill's telling of WWII, which is not a dominant strain of history? Is it because he was taught it as truth when he was growing up in post-WWII England?

Without a proper controversies section, this page feels whitewashed to omit any criticism. B9 (talk) 02:20, 16 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Norman Davies


text:
User talk:Epugh

Please add to what I'm doing- I'm currently annotating works from some professors, so I use wikipedia and fill in holes that I come across at the same time.

Verbs in introductions
Heya;

Please use verbs in the opening sentence of articles that you edit; the House style requires them in all lines, including the first.

Yours,

James F. (talk) 11:58, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Christmas Pies
I queried this article with the creator who had merely split another article about Christmas Pie (a place). I am told you are the person who knows whether this is a hoax. Certainly means nothing to me or Google. --Richhoncho 16:23, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

John Vanbrugh
Hi - I am currently translating this article into French (fr:John Vanbrugh) and am perplexed by this sentence: "Castle Howard, with its immense corridors in segmental colonnades leading from the main entrance block to the flanking wings..." which I believe you contributed to the article. Could you help by throwing some light on what those segmental colonnades are? -- Thanks CamsterE 14:04, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Epugh


text:
Lloyd Francis

Cyril Lloyd Francis (March 19, 1920 – January 20, 2007) was a Canadian politician and one time Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada. A member of the Liberal Party, he represented Carleton and Ottawa West in the House of Commons.

Biography
Following service in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II, Francis earned a Master of Arts (MA) and doctorate (Ph.D) in economics, and lectured in the discipline from 1948 to 1951 at the University at Buffalo. He then joined the Department of National Health and Welfare in Ottawa as a senior economist.

In 1956, Francis and partner, lawyer Donald Sim, carrying on business as Lynhar Developments, acquired and laid out the Stinson Avenue area of Bells Corners in Nepean. They quickly formed a partnership with William Teron, T.F.S. Lands, to build the houses in Lynwood Village.

The Lynwood Plaza at Bells Corners was built by Francis and Sim's Lynhar Developments and included what would become the landmark Robinson IGA.

Long time Nepean Reeve D. Aubrey Moodie, in his book, "The Spirit of Nepean" described Francis as one of the contributors to the foundation of Nepean. Moodie explains about the introduction of lot levies, now known as development charges, and how they contributed to the financial stability of Nepean Township. It was the transfer of large sums of money in the form of lot levies, along with Francis and Teron's aggressive development activity that enabled much of Nepean's Parkwood Hills and Bells Corners neighbourhoods to be built. To the pleasure of some and the disdain of others, Mr. Francis was one of a list of individuals credited with the introduction of lot levies as a development finance tool that is relied upon to this day to fund infrastructure commensurate with new residential developments.

In 1958, Francis became President of the Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada, a union representing civil servants in certain professions. In 1959, he entered municipal politics by being elected alderman on Ottawa City Council. From 1960 to 1963, he served on the city's Board of Control and as Deputy Mayor.

He entered federal politics as a Liberal candidate in the 1962 election but was defeated in the Ottawa-area riding of Carleton. His electoral record was mixed throughout his career and he would only win election on alternate attempts. Accordingly, he served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Carleton from 1963 to 1965 and then for Ottawa West in 1968–1972, 1974–1979 and 1980–1984. In his autobiography, Ottawa Boy, Francis described his anger when, in 1974, Liberal Party insiders tried to "parachute" in an alternate candidate, Byron Hyde, a politically inexperienced outsider, to run against him, to be the Liberal Party candidate for his riding.

He served as Chief Government Whip from 1970 to 1971 and then as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Veterans Affairs until he was defeated in the 1972 election. After he returned to Parliament in the 1974 election, he served as Parliamentary Secretary to the President of the Treasury Board from 1975 to 1976.

In 1980, he became Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons. He succeeded Jeanne Sauvé as Speaker on January 15, 1984, when Sauvé became Governor General of Canada.

The Liberal government was defeated in the 1984 election, and Francis lost his seat. His term as Speaker ended when the new House of Commons convened in November of that year.

On the conclusion of his term as Speaker, Francis was appointed to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. In late 1984, the new Prime Minister of Canada, Brian Mulroney, appointed Francis to the position of Ambassador to Portugal. Francis returned to Ottawa at the conclusion of his appointment in 1987.

He died in January 2007, after suffering from stomach cancer.

The Francis Tapes
In 1985, prior to him leaving to Portugal as Canada's Ambassador, Francis gave a revealing interview in recorded tapes made for the Public Archives of Canada and the Library of Parliament as part of historical archives that he claimed to have thought would be released only 15 or 25 years later. The tapes revealed alleged sexual harassment and fraud in the House of Commons.

title: Lloyd Francis


text:
St Joseph's Hurling Club

St Joseph's Hurling Club (Cumann Iomána Naomh Iosaf) was founded in 1995, bringing Gaelic games to the people of Silicon Valley. The club's men's teams have won six hurling titles, two Gaelic football titles, and the women's Gaelic football team winning their championship in 1999.

After the 2002 season, the club was disbanded. A later increase in the area's Irish population resulted in the club being reformed in time for the 2012 hurling season. Success followed in the 2014 season with St. Joseph's winning the Western Division Junior Championship and North American Junior B Championship. St. Joseph's went on to retain their Western Division Junior Championship in 2015.

Although many of the players are locally settled Irish, St. Joseph's also seeks other players from the area. Nearby Stanford University has a collegiate hurling team and has close ties with St. Joseph's.

The club is affiliated to the Western Division Board, an affiliate of the North American GAA.

Notable players

 * Pat Fox, Tipperary and Éire Óg Annacarty Hurler.
 * Kevin Hartnett, Cork and Russell Rovers Hurler, All-Ireland Hurling Winner.

title: St Joseph's Hurling Club


text:
Battle of Leghorn

The naval Battle of Leghorn took place on 4 March 1653 (14 March Gregorian calendar), during the First Anglo-Dutch War, near Leghorn (Livorno), Italy. It was a victory of a Dutch squadron under Commodore Johan van Galen over an English squadron under Captain Henry Appleton. Afterwards, another English squadron under Captain Richard Badiley, which Appleton had been trying to join up with, reached the scene in time to observe the capture of the last ships of Appleton's squadron, but was outnumbered and forced to return to Porto Longone.

Background
In 1652 the government of the Commonwealth of England, mistakenly believing that the United Provinces after their defeat at the Battle of the Kentish Knock would desist from bringing out fleets so late in the season, split their fleet between the Mediterranean and home waters. This division of forces led to a defeat at the Battle of Dungeness in December 1652, and by early 1653 the situation in the Mediterranean was critical too. Appleton's squadron of six ships (including four hired merchantmen) was trapped in Leghorn by a blockading Dutch fleet of 16 ships, while Richard Badiley's of eight (also including four hired merchantmen) was at Elba.

The only hope for the English was to combine their forces, but Appleton sailed too soon and engaged with the Dutch before Badiley could come up to help. Three of his ships were captured and two destroyed and only one (Mary), sailing faster than the Dutch ships, escaped to join Badiley. Badiley engaged the Dutch, but was heavily outnumbered and retreated.

The battle gave the Dutch command of the Mediterranean, placing the English trade with the Levant at their mercy, but Van Galen was mortally wounded, dying on 13 March.

One of the Dutch captains at the battle was son of Lieutenant-Admiral Maarten Tromp, Cornelis Tromp, who was to become a famous admiral himself and one of the most celebrated and controversial figures in Dutch naval history due to his actions in the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the Scanian War.

United Provinces of the Netherlands
Johan van Galen

 * Vereenigde Provincien/Zeven Provincien (United Provinces/Seven Provinces) 40 (flag)
 * Eendracht (Concord) 40 (Jacob de Boer)
 * Maan (Moon) 40 (Cornelis Tromp)
 * Ter Goes 40 (Jan Richewijn)
 * Zon (Sun) 40 (Pieter van Zalingen)
 * Zutphen 36 (Jan Uijttenhout)
 * Maagd van Enkhuysen (Maiden of Enkhuysen) 34 (Jan Roetering)
 * Jonge Prins (Young Prince) 28 (Cornelis Barentszoon)
 * Julius Caesar 28 (hired merchantman) (Jacon Janszoon Roocher)
 * Witte Olifant (White Elephant) (hired Italian merchantman Elefante Bianco) 28 (Sijbrant Janszoon Mol)
 * Madonna della Vigna 28 (hired merchantman) (Harman Sonne) - Ran aground north of Livorno harbor, but salved
 * Susanna 28 (hired merchantman) (Daniel Janszoon de Vries)
 * Zwarte Arend (Black Eagle) 28 (Pieter Janszoon van Bontebotter)
 * Salomons Oordeel (Judgment of Soloman) 28 (hired merchantman) (Meijndert Theunissen van Oosterwout)
 * Roode Haes (Red Hare) 28 (hired merchantman) (Adriaan Rodenhaes)
 * Ster (Star) 28 (hired merchantman) (Hendrik Govertszoon)

The Eendracht and Jonge Prins were ships of the Noorderkwartier Admiralty, all the others (including the hired merchantmen) pertained to the Amsterdam Admiralty.

Commonwealth of England
Capt. Henry Appleton's squadron
 * Bonaventure 44 (Stephen Lyne) - Blown up by Vereenigde Provincien
 * Leopard 48 ('flagship' of Appleton) - Captured (by Eendracht?)
 * Samson 40 (hired merchantman, Edmund Seaman) - Burnt by fireship
 * Mary 30 (hired merchantman, Benjamin Fisher)
 * Peregrine 30 (hired merchantman, John Wood) - Captured by Zwarte Arend
 * Levant Merchant 28/30? (hired merchantman, Stephen Marsh) - Captured by Maagd van Enkhuysen

Capt. Richard Badiley's squadron
 * Paragon 52 ('flagship' of Badiley)
 * Phoenix 36 (Owen Cox)
 * Elizabeth 36 (Jonas Reeves)
 * Constant Warwick 32 (Upshott)
 * Mary Rose 32 (hired merchantman, John Turtley)
 * Lewis 30 (hired merchantman, William Elle)
 * William and Thomas 30 (hired merchantman, John Godolphin)
 * Thomas Bonaventure 28 (hired merchantman, George Hughes)
 * ? (fireship, Peter Whyting)

The fireship is listed as Charity in Mariner's Mirror vol. 49, but according to Mariner's Mirror vol. 24 that ship was expended during an action off Plymouth on 27 August 1652.

title: Battle of Leghorn


text:
Category:Professional wrestlers

pt:Categoria:Lutadores de luta profissional

title: Category:Professional wrestlers


text:
Mohammed Haydar Zammar

Mohammed Haydar Zammar (محمد حيدر زمار Muḥammad Ḥaydar Zammār) (born 1961) is a Syrian-German militant who served as an important al-Qaida recruiter, and is currently a member of the Islamic State. He claims to have recruited many of the organizers of the September 11, 2001, attacks. He was detained in Far'Falastin. A video believed to be taken in early 2014 places him listening to a speech by Abu Ali al-Anbari, the number two in the Islamic State, in Aleppo, Syria.

Early history
Zammar, a German citizen, was born in Syria. At ten he moved to Germany with his family. Even among his very religiously conservative family, Mohammed Zammar impressed many with his extreme devotion at an early age. He became well known at many of the mosques in Hamburg, Germany. While still in high school, Zammar began to be associated with Jihadists through Mamoun Darkazanli, a fellow Syrian and al-Qaeda financier.

Zammar attended a metalworking college and planned to work for Mercedes-Benz. He worked as a translator in Saudi Arabia, and then took a job as a truck-driver back in Hamburg. But in 1991, he decided to make jihad his full-time job.

He flew to Afghanistan by way of Pakistan and underwent a training program for mujahideen fighters. His training included weapons knowledge, use of explosives, and advanced tactics. He performed well and was moved to an elite training camp near Jalalabad. By the end of the year, he had "graduated" and returned to Hamburg.

Zammar travelled extensively over the next few years. While working as a mechanic, he took long trips to Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Sweden. In 1995, he traveled to Bosnia to fight there. And in 1996, Zammar visited Afghanistan for a second time, this time to become a formal member of the group called al-Qaeda. He was reported to have been personally invited by Osama bin Laden.

An al-Qaida recruiter
When Zammar returned to Hamburg he became a well known preacher among the Islamic community. Der Spiegel described him, in 2002, as an imposing figure, who frequently gave enthusiastic speeches on behalf of bin Laden and other Islamists. German police began to formally investigate him at this time, long before al-Qaeda's attacks on 9-11. Zammar made frequent short trips to Afghanistan throughout this period.

Mohamed Atta, a very conservative Muslim, became friends with Zammar around 1998. Zammar has reportedly boasted that he personally recruited Atta and other hijackers into al-Qaida, although this has not been confirmed. Zammar also met frequently with Mounir El Motassadeq around this time.

In 1998 Germany intensified their surveillance of Zammar. He was occasionally trailed, his phone was tapped, and all his calls were recorded. German authorities shared much of this information with the CIA, including Zammar's phone conversations with hijackers Marwan al-Shehhi, Mohamed Atta, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, and Said Bahaji.

Atta, Shehhi, and bin al-Shibh formed the Hamburg cell in November 1998, and Zammar is reported to have been a frequent visitor. Atta became respected as the group's leader, and Zammar was seen more as a valuable conduit for international contacts. Zammar may not have been aware of plans for an attack within the United States.

In the Summer of 1999, U.S. intelligence discovered that Zammar was in direct contact with one of bin Laden's senior operational coordinators. The U.S. apparently did not share this information with German intelligence. Zammar is also known to have met frequently with Said Bahaji in Germany in 2000.

Capture
On October 27, 2001, Zammar traveled to Morocco. Not long afterwards, he was arrested by Moroccan police with the assistance of the U.S. Although he was a German citizen and under investigation by Germany, German intelligence only learned about the arrest from the newspapers in June 2002.

Instead of being deported to the U.S. or Germany, Zammar was secretly sent to Syria for indefinite detention in the notorious Far'Falastin detention center in Damascus. Time Magazine reported: "U.S. officials in Damascus submit written questions to the Syrians, who relay Zammar's answers back. . . State Department officials like the arrangement because it insulates the U.S. government from any torture the Syrians may be applying to Zammar."

On December 15, 2005, it was officially confirmed that German Bundeskriminalamt federal police officers had on at least one occasion participated in Zammar's interrogation in Syria; it was claimed that these officers were unaware of the conditions at the prison. This seems doubtful given that it was widespread knowledge in the intelligence/international politics community, but if referring specifically to the treatment of Zammar, it may or may not be true; it is not known whether Zammar's interrogation by Syria or other parties did or does involve torture and if so, to which extent.

According to Amnesty International, Muhammad Haydar Zammar was a victim of the US-led renditions programme who was convicted in February 2007 after an unfair trial before the Syrian Supreme State Security Court. Amnesty also alleged that he was held in pre-trial detention for almost five years, much of it in incommunicado and solitary confinement, at the notorious Palestine Branch of Military Intelligence in Damascus. During his detention he was tortured and otherwise ill-treated. In June 2007 the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention stated that Muhammad Haydar Zammar was detained arbitrarily and called upon the Syrian authorities to "remedy the situation". Amnesty International was not aware of the authorities having taken any steps to do so.

Release
Zammar was released as part of a prisoner exchange between the Islamist Syrian rebel group Ahrar al-Sham and the Syrian Government in September 2013. A member of the negotiating team told Der Spiegel that days after being released, Zammar travelled to the Syrian city of Raqqa and joined the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). He reportedly organised for funds to be sent to the Sinai-based militant group Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis, and negotiated for the group to swear allegiance to ISIL.

Recapture
Zammar was recaptured by members of the Kurdish People's Protection Units in March 2018 near the village of Darnij in Deir al-Zour. He is currently being held in a prison in Qamishli, Northern Syria, from where he gave an interview to the Washington Post in November 2018.

title: Mohammed Haydar Zammar


text:
User:Zendonut

= Hello =

Who I am
I am Jason McIntosh, a Perl hacker, technical writer, and entrepreneur who lives and works around Boston, Massachusetts, USA. In real life I often go by the nickname "jmac", mostly because it's fun to say but practically because any group setting I find myself in often contains at least one other Jason.

I run a startup that is developing Volity, a platform for Internet-based multiplayer casual games.

I used to be a bioinformaticist and cheminformaticist programmer at the Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology at Harvard Medical School. My primary project was ChemBank, which lets scientists learn and share discoveries about the biological activity of various chemical compounds using information gleaned from high-throughput screening.

My hobbies include card games and board games, which I both play and design, television production and podcasting.

You can learn more about me, and the things I do and make, at my homepage.

"Zendonut"?
Yes. I like donuts. I also enjoy playing Zendo.

= Wikipedia stuff =

Articles I have started

 * High-throughput screening, a technique for rapidly performing many biological experiments in parallel
 * Looney Labs, a small American game company
 * Warren Anatomical Museum, a storehouse of medical oddities and memorabilia
 * Three-point lighting, a common lighting technique used in film and photography
 * Nanoliter, a unit of measuring teeny-tiny amounts of liquid. Too teeny for wikipedia, in fact; it has since been merged into liter.

Agendas I pursue
I loathe fancruft. I don't delete it every time I see it, but will often get sufficiently riled up at a needlessly mile-long "References in popular culture" or "Trivia" section to pare things down. Folks, a couple of examples of something getting referred to by something else are OK, even valuable. Less OK is an exhaustive list of every single time something comes up somewhere else. You effectively end up with a catalog of everyone's favorite cartoons and webcomics that threatens to run longer than the main part of the article, and this is when it becomes time to bring the hammer down.

title: User:Zendonut