text:
Ellesmere Chaucer

The Ellesmere Chaucer, or Ellesmere Manuscript of the Canterbury Tales, is an early 15th-century illuminated manuscript of Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, owned by the Huntington Library, in San Marino, California (EL 26 C 9). It is considered one of the most significant copies of the Tales.

History
Chaucer scholarship has long assumed that no manuscripts of the Tales existed before Chaucer's death in 1400. The Ellesmere manuscript, conventionally dated to the first decades of the fifteenth century, would therefore be one of the first extant manuscripts of the Tales. More recently, the manuscript has been dated to c. 1405 or earlier, leading to speculation that it "was conceived as an immediate response to Chaucer's death by those eager to commemorate his memory through the appropriate preservation of his work." It has even been suggested that, while the final sentence of the manuscript ("Here is ended the Book of the Tales of Canterbury, compiled by Geffrey Chaucer, of whos soule Iesu Crist have mercy. Amen.") makes it clear that Chaucer had died by the time the manuscript was finished, Ellesmere could have been begun while the poet was still alive.

The early history of the manuscript is uncertain, but it seems to have been owned by John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (1408–1462). The manuscript takes its popular name from the fact that it later belonged to Sir Thomas Egerton (1540–1617), Baron Ellesmere and Viscount Brackley, who apparently obtained it from Roger North, 2nd Baron North (1530/31-1600). The library of manuscripts, known as the Bridgewater Library, remained at the Egerton house, Ashridge, Hertfordshire, until 1802 when it was removed to London. Francis Egerton, created Earl of Ellesmere in 1846, inherited the library, and it remained in the family until its sale to Henry Huntington by John Francis Granville Scrope Egerton (1872–1944), 4th Earl of Ellesmere. Huntington purchased the Bridgewater library privately in 1917 through Sotheby's. The manuscript is now in the collection of the Huntington Library in San Marino, California (EL 26 C 9). It was published in facsimile in 1911, then reproduced again in colour in 1995.

Because the manuscript was in the Bridgewater Library for centuries, early scholars working on Chaucer's works were unaware of its existence and it was not consulted for any early editions of the Tales. It first came to public notice following its description in 1810; the text was not available until 1868, when it was edited by F. J. Furnivall. W. W. Skeat's 1894 edition of the Tales was the first to use Ellesmere as the basis for its text.

Description
The Ellesmere manuscript is a highly polished example of scribal workmanship, with a great deal of elaborate illumination and, notably, a series of illustrations of the various narrators of the Tales (including a famous one of Chaucer himself, mounted on a horse).

The manuscript is written on 240 high-quality parchment leaves of approximately 394mm (13¾") by 284mm (11¼") in size.

Illuminations
Owing to the quality of its decoration and illustrations, Ellesmere is the most frequently reproduced Chaucer manuscript.

In order of appearance in the Ellesmere Chaucer (note that not all storytellers have an illumination):

 * Knight (fol. 10r)
 * Miller (fol. 34v)
 * Reeve (fol. 42r)
 * Cook (fol. 47r)
 * Man of Law (fol. 50v)
 * Wife of Bath (fol. 72r)
 * Friar (fol. 76v)
 * Summoner (fol. 81r)
 * Clerk of Oxford (fol. 88r)
 * Merchant (fol. 102v)
 * Squire (fol. 115v)
 * Franklin (fol. 123v)
 * Physician (fol. 133r)
 * Pardoner (fol. 138r)
 * Shipman (fol. 143v)
 * Prioress (fol. 148v)
 * Chaucer (fol. 153v)
 * Monk and his greyhounds (fol. 169r)
 * Nun's Priest (fol. 179r)
 * Second Nun (fol. 187r)
 * Canon's Yeoman (fol. 194r)
 * Manciple (fol. 203r)
 * Parson (fol. 206v)

Scribe and its relation to other manuscripts
The Ellesmere manuscript is thought to be very early in date, being written shortly after Chaucer's death. It is seen as an important source for efforts to reconstruct Chaucer's original text and intentions, though John M. Manly and Edith Rickert in their Text of the Canterbury Tales (1940) noted that whoever edited the manuscript probably made substantial revisions, tried to regularise spelling, and put the individual Tales into a smoothly running order. Up until this point the Ellesmere manuscript had been used as the 'base text' by several editions, such as that of W. W. Skeat, with variants checked against British Library, Harley MS 7334.

The manuscript is believed to have been written by a single scribe, the same scribe who wrote the Hengwrt Manuscript of the Tales. The scribe has been identified as Adam Pinkhurst, a man employed by Chaucer himself; however, the attribution is controversial, with many palaeographers remaining undecided for or against. If the scribe was employed by Chaucer directly, this would imply that the reconstructions hypothesized by Manly and Rickert were carried out by someone who had worked with Chaucer, knew his intentions for the Tales, and had access to draft materials.

The Ellesmere manuscript is conventionally referred to as El in studies of the Tales and their textual history. A facsimile edition is available.

title: Ellesmere Chaucer


text:
Clarence Holiday

Clarence Halliday (Baltimore, July 23, 1898 – Dallas, March 1, 1937), also known as Clarence Holiday, was an American musician. He was the father of the singer Billie Holiday.

Early life
In Baltimore he attended a boys' school with the banjo player Elmer Snowden. Both of them played banjo with various Baltimore jazz bands, including the band of Eubie Blake. At the age of 16, Holiday became the unmarried father of Billie Holiday, who was born to 19-year-old Sarah Fagan (later Sadie Harris). He rarely visited Harris or her daughter. He moved from Baltimore to Philadelphia when he was 21 years old.

Career
Holiday played rhythm guitar and banjo as a member of the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra (1928–33). He also recorded with Benny Carter (1934) and Bob Howard (1935) and worked with Charlie Turner (1935), Louis Metcalf (1935–36), and the Don Redman Big Band (1936–37).

Death
Holiday died in 1937. He was exposed to mustard gas while serving in World War I. Later, he fell ill with a lung disorder while on tour in Texas and was refused treatment at a local hospital. When he finally managed to get treatment, he was only allowed in the Jim Crow ward of the Veterans Hospital, and by then pneumonia had set in and without antibiotics, the illness was fatal. Two years later Billie Holiday recorded the song “Strange Fruit” in her father's memory.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Clarence Holiday


text:
Hengwrt Chaucer

The Hengwrt Chaucer manuscript is an early-15th-century manuscript of the Canterbury Tales, held in the National Library of Wales, in Aberystwyth. It is an important source for Chaucer's text, and was possibly written by someone with access to an original authorial holograph, now lost.

The Hengwrt Chaucer is part of a collection called the Peniarth Manuscripts which is included by UNESCO in its UK Memory of the World Register, a list of documentary heritage which holds cultural significance specific to the UK. It is catalogued as National Library of Wales MS Peniarth 392D. Following the terminology developed by John M. Manly and Edith Rickert, the manuscript is conventionally referred to as Hg in most editions giving variant readings.

History of the manuscript
The Hengwrt Chaucer has been in Wales for at least 400 years. This was one of the collection of manuscripts amassed at the mansion of Hengwrt, near Dolgellau, Gwynedd, by Welsh antiquary Robert Vaughan (c.1592–1667); the collection later passed to the newly established National Library of Wales.

The Hengwrt manuscript's very early ownership is unknown, but recent research suggests that Chaucer himself may have partly supervised the making of the manuscript, before his death in October 1400, according to the Welsh newspaper The Western Mail. By the 16th century it can be identified as belonging to Fouke Dutton, a draper of Chester who died in 1558. It then seems to have passed into the ownership of the Bannester family of Chester and Caernarfon, and through them was in the possession of an Andrew Brereton by 1625; by the middle of the 17th century it had been acquired by Vaughan.

Description
Peniarth MS 392 D contains 250 folios with a page size of around 29 x 20.5 centimetres (11½" x 8"). It is written on heavily stained and rather damaged parchment. Vermin have eaten around nine centimeters (3½") from the outer corners of the leaves. It is less complete than the Ellesmere manuscript, and the tales are in an order that is unique to itself. The main textual hand has been identified with one found in several other manuscripts of the period (see below); there are a number of other hands in the manuscript, including one of a person who attempted to fill in several gaps in the text. This has been tentatively identified as the hand of the poet Thomas Hoccleve.

There is some illumination in blue, gold and pink, used on the border and on initial letters at the opening of individual tales and prologues, but the manuscript contains no illustrations.

Scribe and relationship to other manuscripts
The Hengwrt manuscript was written by the same scribe as the lavishly illustrated Ellesmere manuscript, which, following the examples of the editors Frederick Furnivall and W. W. Skeat, was thought to be superior to Hengwrt and used as the base text for many modern editions of the Canterbury Tales. Since the work of John M. Manly and Edith Rickert in compiling their Text of the Canterbury Tales (1940), however, the Hengwrt manuscript has had a much higher degree of prominence in attempts to reconstruct Chaucer's text, displacing the previously prominent Ellesmere and Harley MS. 7334. Recent scholarship has shown that the variant spellings given in the Hengwrt manuscript likely reflect Chaucer's own spelling practices in his East Midlands / London dialect of Middle English, while the Ellesmere text shows evidence of a later attempt to regularise spelling; Hengwrt is therefore probably very close to the original authorial holograph.

The scribe of the Hengwrt and Ellesmere manuscripts has been identified by Linne Mooney, a palaeographer at the University of York, as Adam Pinkhurst, a scrivener. The attribution has been widely accepted, and other manuscripts have since been added to Pinkhurst's scribal canon. However, other scholars, including Jane Roberts, who drew Mooney's attention to Pinkhurst in the first place, have expressed skepticism about the identification on various palaeographical, literary, and historical grounds.

Order
The tales are presented in the following order:
 * 1) General Prologue
 * 2) The Knight's Tale
 * 3) The Miller's Tale
 * 4) The Reeve's Tale
 * 5) The Cook's Tale
 * 6) The Wife of Bath’s Tale
 * 7) The Friar's Tale
 * 8) The Summoner's Tale
 * 9) The Monk's Tale
 * 10) The Nun's Priest's Tale
 * 11) The Manciple's Tale
 * 12) The Man of Law's Tale
 * 13) The Squire's Tale
 * 14) The Merchant's Tale
 * 15) The Franklin's Tale
 * 16) The Second Nun's Prologue and Tale
 * 17) The Clerk's Tale
 * 18) The Physician's Tale
 * 19) The Pardoner's Tale
 * 20) The Shipman's Tale
 * 21) The Prioress' Tale
 * 22) Sir Thopas
 * 23) The Tale of Melibee
 * 24) The Parson's Tale

title: Hengwrt Chaucer


text: User talk:61.11.16.42

title: User talk:61.11.16.42


text:
KHET

KHET (channel 11), branded PBS Hawai'i, is a PBS member television station in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States, serving the Hawaiian Islands. Owned by the Hawaii Public Television Foundation, the station maintains studios on Sand Island Access Road in Honolulu, and its main transmitter is located on Palehua Ridge, north of Makakilo.

The station's signal is relayed across the rest of the state outside Oahu and metropolitan Honolulu on full-powered satellite KMEB (channel 10) in Wailuku on Maui (with transmitter at Ulupalakua) and through a network of low-power translators on the other Hawaiian Islands.

Station history
KHET signed on the air for the first time on April 15, 1966; KMEB followed on six months later on September 22 of that year. KHET is the second outlet in Honolulu to occupy the channel 11 dial position, the first being KONA-TV from 1952 to 1955, when it moved to channel 2 because the higher VHFs (2 to 6) offered more ERPs at the time; that station is now KHON-TV. Had KONA not moved to channel 2, the channel would have remained a commercial allocation, as the FCC had intended to make channel 7 a non-commercial allocation for Honolulu in the first assignment, but the FCC relocated channel 7 to Wailuku in 1959 and made channel 11 a non-commercial allocation instead (the Wailuku allocation was intended to be on channel 8 ). Originally known on-air as "Hawaii Educational Television" (or "Hawaii ETV"), it rebranded as "Hawaii Public Television" in 1970 and then became "PBS Hawai'i" in 2003.

PBS Hawaii had remained one of the few remaining American television stations that continued to sign off during the overnight hours, years after most PBS member stations had transitioned to a 24-hour schedule; until July 14, 2019, its over-the-air broadcast signals transmitted from 5 a.m. to midnight daily, although beginning in 2001, PBS Hawaii maintained a separate 24-hour-a-day cable feed containing programming from the PBS Satellite Service during the over-the-air signals’ overnight dark period (from midnight to 5 a.m.). On July 15, 2019, coinciding with the launch of its DT3 subchannel (affiliated with PBS Kids 24/7), PBS Hawaii adopted a 24-hour schedule on its broadcast feed: on that date, the member network’s main channel added PBS Satellite Service overnight programming and its DT2 subchannel began offering an expanded schedule of PBS Kids programming in the former downtime.

Original materials from PBS Hawaii have also been contributed to the American Archive of Public Broadcasting.

Subchannels
The stations' signals are multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
Both stations discontinued regular programming on their analog signals, respectively on January 15, 2009, the date on which full-power television stations in Hawaii transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts (almost five months earlier than the June 12 transition date for stations on the U.S. mainland):
 * KHET discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over VHF channel 11; the station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 18 to VHF channel 11.
 * KMEB discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over VHF channel 10; the station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 30 to VHF channel 10.

The station's digital transmitter operates at 9.5 kW (versus 148 kW for its analog signal).

Translators
PBS Hawai'i operates the following low-powere translator stations:
 *  Anahola
 *  Hakalau
 *  Hanalei
 *  Hilo
 *  Kilauea
 *  Lihue
 *  Mauna Loa
 *  Naalehu
 *  South Point
 *  Waimea
 *  Waipake

title: KHET


text:
NNN

NNN may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

 * Neal 'n' Nikki, a 2005 Indian movie directed by Arjun Sablok and starring Uday Chopra and Tanisha
 * NNN, the production code for the 1972 Doctor Who serial The Mutants

Companies and organizations

 * National Numeracy Network (NNN), a professional organization that promotes numeracy in the United States
 * NNN Reit, a real estate investment trust in the United States
 * Norsk Naerings- og Nytelsesmiddelarbeiderforbund, the Norwegian Union of Food, Beverage and Allied Workers

News

 * NAM News Network, a news network set up by non-aligned countries
 * Newspaper National Network, a marketing partnership of the top 25 newspaper companies in America and the Newspaper Association of America
 * Nippon News Network, the Japanese television news network
 * Norddeutsche Neueste Nachrichten, a German newspaper
 * Nine News Now
 * National Nine Network, former name of the Nine Network
 * National Nine News, former name of Nine News

Other uses

 * N-Nitrosonornicotine, a nitrosamine carcinogen found in tobacco
 * Naomi Nari Nam, a figure skater often referred to by her initials
 * New Nordic Norm, a type of binding for cross-country (Nordic) skis
 * nnn (file manager), a free text-based file manager for Unix-like systems
 * NNN Lease (triple net lease), a lease agreement in which the renter is responsible for paying property taxes, insurance, and maintenance charges
 * No Nut November, an Internet challenge
 * The "Disconnect" command code in Telex usage; by extension, "stop" in other uses

title: NNN


text:
PNS Hangor (S131)

PNS/M Hangor (S-131) (nicknamed: "Shark") was a Daphné-class submarine diesel-electric submarine that served in the Pakistan Navy from 1969 until its decommissioning in 2006. It is the first submarine to sink a ship after World War II.

Hangor (S131) was the lead ship of her class, designed and constructed by France after a long and complicated negotiation which started in 1966. In 1969, Hangor was commissioned in the Submarine Command (SUBCOM) when she reported back to her home base in Karachi from Paris. Hangor, under the command of Commander Ahmed Tasnim, sank the Indian Navy's INS Khukri (1958), an anti-submarine frigate, with one homing torpedo on 9 December 1971 during the western front of the third war with India in 1971.

This was the only recorded submarine kill after World War II until the Falklands War, when the Royal Navy's nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror (S48) sank the Argentine Navy cruiser ARA General Belgrano. The strategic impact was even more significant as the Indian navy cancelled "Operation Triumph", the third missile attack, which was to be launched on 10 December.

Acquisition and initial deployment
After the second war with Pakistan in 1965, the Indian Navy underwent a rapid modernization and expansion, causing the Pakistan Navy's focus to shift towards strengthening their existing Submarine Command (COMSUBS) due to being unable to acquire fighter jets from the Air Force. In 1966, the Ayub administration began the development and acquisition of the Daphné-class submarine from France. France renamed these submarines according to the Pakistan Navy's standards. Hangor was the lead ship of her class, which included PNS Shushuk and PNS Mangro, all commissioned in 1970.

Training of the crew took place in 1968. Notably, Hangor's officers that served in 1971 included:
 * Commander Ahmed Tasnim, the commanding officer.
 * Lieutenant-Commander A. U. Khan, second-in-command and the navigation officer
 * Lieutenant-Commander R. A. Kadri, the electrical officer.
 * Lieutenant Fasih Bokhari, the navigation officer.

The ship's first war-time deployment was in August 1971, gathering intelligence on the Indian Navy and clearing the Manora Island and Ormara Bay in the coastal areas of Pakistan. Hangor reported back to base in September 1971 but was again deployed in November 1971.

As Indian covert involvement in the East Pakistan grew, the Navy NHQ in Karachi deployed its only (albeit aging) long-range submarine, PNS Ghazi, under the command of Z.M. Khan, to pick up intelligence and track the aircraft carrier INS Vikrant (1961) off the Bay of Bengal in November 1971.

According to Rear-Admiral R. A. Kadri in 1999, the assigned mission was considered quite difficult and dangerous, with the submarine squadron sailing under the assumption that the dangerous nature of this mission meant a great mortal risk to the submarine and her crew.

Western Front of Indo-Pakistani war of 1971
On the midnight of 26 November 1971, Hangor sailed from its base with a load of torpedoes to patrol the Bombay Harbour. Soon after deployment, defects were noted in the ship's computers but were soon repaired as the patrol continued. Initially, there were two contacts that were picked up by the computers and were identified as warships, ranging 6 to 8 mi. The ship could not pursue its targets due to the warships' speed and the distance between them. Hangor's crew did, however, manage to predict the warships' movements.

At midnight of 2/3 December 1971, Hangor, remaining submerged in a northerly direction, investigated radio transmissions intercepted from the warships belonging to the Western Naval Command of the Indian Navy that would launch a first missile attack on Karachi. Hangor was passed over by the large Squadron of the Western fleet of the Indian Navy. The cruiser INS Mysore (C60) passed directly over the submarine.

All transmissions and computers were shut down to avoid the detection by the Indian fleet, and once passed over Cmdr. Tasnim broke the radio silence and communicated with the Navy NHQ to warn of the attack, but this message was intercepted. On 3 December 1971, the Indian Navy dispatched two ASW frigates, INS Khukri (F149) and INS Kirpan (1959), under the command of Captain M. N. Mulla.

On 4 December 1971, Navy NHQ communicated with Hangor, giving her war codes to attack the Indian Navy's armada.

On 9/10 December 1971, at 19:00, Hangor detected the possible signature of the two Indian frigates dispatched in response to the intercepted communications. Later, around midnight, Cdr. Tasnim ordered Hangor to dive deep to carry out a blind (sonar only) approach as the torpedo team concentrated on tracking the two targets as they gradually came within firing range. At 19:57, the submarine fired a down-the-throat shot with a homing torpedo at Kirpan from a depth of 40 m. The torpedo was tracked, but no explosion was heard. It was then speculated that the torpedo had missed its target, and the moment Kirpan sensed the torpedo, the captain of Kirpan realized that the ship was under attack turned away at maximum speed from the scene. Hangor had struck first, but had failed to hit hard.

As Kirpan fled the battle, Khukri, to its south, knowing the direction from which the torpedo had come, increased speed and came straight for an attack on Hangor. As Khukri came in for an attack, Hangor's attack team shifted targeting to Khukri, quickly firing a second torpedo. The second torpedo was fired at the approaching Khukri and was followed by a heavy and loud explosion as the torpedo struck the magazine of Khukri. Shortly before the impact, Hangor detected the direct orders of Captain Mulla ordering evasive manoeuvres.

INS Kirpan moved into the scene, hoping to engage Hangor with a hasty dropping of the depth charge, but a third torpedo locked onto Kirpan's tail, followed by a loud explosion. Kirpan was not sunk but there was a substantial amount of physical damage that led Kirpan to flee the battle scene by turning west towards deep waters.

Hangor moved into searching for survivors in a hope to rescue but Khukri sank in matter of two minutes before Hangor could reach it. The casualty roster listed 18 officers and 176 sailors aboard Khukri and it remains as the Indian Navy's most costly wartime casualty in terms of lives lost. Kirpan returned to the scene next day to execute the rescue operation along with INS Katchal but left without success.

After this incident, there was a massive search and destroy mission led by the Western Fleet, indiscriminately dropping depth charges hoping to sink Hangor. Cdr. Tasnim had Hangor submerged for almost a week, returning to its base with depleted lead batteries during the night of 13 December 1971.

According to his personal admission in 2001, Tasnim maintained: "An extensive air search combined with surface ships made our life miserable but with the intelligent evasive action we managed to survive these attacks and arrived in Karachi safely after the ceasefire."

Decommissioning and preservation
Over the successive years, it served in the Navy with distinction until decommissioning in 2006. In a ceremony on 2 January 2006, Hangor was decommissioned from the Pakistan Navy; it was soon converted to serve as a museum ship at Pakistan Maritime Museum.

In its memory, Pakistan remembers and celebrates 9 December as Hangor Day.

Honors and awards
In recognition of her service, Hangor was decorated with multiple gallantry and wartime awards and honors. She is regarded in the Navy as having the highest number of operational gallantry awards given to a single warship of Pakistan Navy.

In popular culture
Hangor has been featured in a number of Pakistani dramas and films. An example of this is the film Hangor S-131.

title: PNS Hangor (S131)


text: User talk:82.228.162.160

title: User talk:82.228.162.160


text:
Elias Levy

Elias Levy (also known as Aleph One) is a computer scientist. He was the moderator of "Bugtraq", a full disclosure vulnerability mailing list, from May 14, 1996 until October 15, 2001.

He was the CTO and co-founder of the computer security company SecurityFocus, which was acquired by Symantec on August 6, 2002. He is also known as the author of the article "Smashing The Stack For Fun and Profit", published in 1996 Phrack magazine issue 49, which was the first high-quality, public, step-by-step introduction to stack buffer overflow vulnerabilities and their exploitation.

After the sale of SecurityFocus to Symantec in August 2002, Levy was accused by many of "selling out" and compromising the high principles of the Bugtraq list. The Full-Disclosure mailing list was founded in part as a protest against the sale.

title: Elias Levy


text:
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti

Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti, abbreviated CPI (ML) Janashakti, was a communist political party in India. In 2013, CPI (ML) Jansakthi merged into CPIML.

History
CPI (ML) Janashakti was formed in 1992 when six revolutionary communist groups merged. The six groups were:
 * Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Resistance
 * Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) P.V. Rao (break-away from Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy)
 * Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Khokan Majumdar
 * Communist Revolutionary Group for Unity
 * Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries
 * A faction of the Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist)

CPI (ML) Janashakti is mostly based in the revolutionary tradition of Andhra Pradesh, with the mass line developed by Chandra Pulla Reddy and T. Nagi Reddy, legends of the Telangana Rebellion. The party followed a combination of both armed underground and parliamentary methods of struggle. Initially things went well for the party, and in the 1994 assembly elections of Andhra Pradesh Vidhan Sabha it won a seat. It had launched 13 candidates in all and won the Sirsilla assembly seat in Karimnagar district. N. V. Krishnaiah was the candidate who won the Sirsilla seat.

A trade union, All India Federation of Trade Unions, and a peasants movement were built up.

But the unity did not last for long. In 1996 a group left the party, and they later formed Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Unity Initiative (today part of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Kanu Sanyal)). A series of splits followed. Towards the end of the 1990s the party reoriented itself towards the underground armed struggle, and pulled out of the open mass work.

Modern
Today the party is primarily concentrated in Andhra Pradesh. The party split into several factions, which work with little or without coordination. The main faction is the group led by Koora Rajanna. COM.Subhash is the Andhra Pradesh state secretary of the party. The All India secretary of the party is COM.Misro The party conducts armed struggle through dalams. Police sources has claimed that CPI (ML) Janashakti has 200 to 300 armed cadres.

One break-away group is Communist Party of United States of India (also referred to as the Janashakti Veeranna faction).

Another faction, the South Regional Provincial Committee, merged with Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (Chandra Pulla Reddy) on 11 April 2004, thus forming the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Janashakti (Chandra Pulla Reddy).

Ahead of the 2004 Lok Sabha elections, CPI (ML) Janashakti signed a joint boycott declaration together with the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War and the MCC(I).

On 23 September 2004, the Andhra Pradesh state government declared they would hold peace talks with CPI (ML) Janashakti and Peoples War Group. These peace talks went in vain when both the government and the revolutionary parties did not hold trust in the other. Later Koora Rajanna was arrested by the police in Uttar Pradesh state of India and was sent to Warangal central jail. Many cases that were booked on Koora Rajanna were cancelled for lack of proper evidences.

In 2007 Virasam AP state secretary was affiliated with CPI (M-L) Janashakti. He was also arrested in July 2009 and Adhikaara Pratinidhi Azaad (Com. Subhash) became AP state secretary. The party had a leading role in the Andhra Pradesh revolutionary movement. AP State Committee of Janasakthi declared that Mr. Koora Rajanna was not a member of CPI(M-L) Janashakti. In April 2011 at Guntur district of AP, 7 members of CPI (M-L) Janashakti were arrested and 2dbbl guns, one 8mm  rifle, one 9mm pistol, and two tapanchas were lost at this incident.

In June 2011, Party bulletin "Janashakti" (People's Unity) released in Telugu. Today party is organising under the name of CPI (M-L) Janashakti Re-Organising Committee. This group also tries to merge with CPI (M-L) Praja Prathighatana.

In June 2011, majority members of the Andhra Regional Committee of CPI (M-L) Praja Prathighatana, under the presidency of Com. Vijayakumar, joined to CPI (M-L) Janasakthi.

In 2013, CPI (ML) Jansakthi merged into CPIML.


text:
Talk:Perfect play

In such cases the notion of perfect play mainly serves as a yardstick to measure the effectiveness of practical strategies or algorithms.

 * I don't understand this bit - if we don't know what perfect play happens to be, I don't see how we can possibly use it as a yardstick to compare our actual strategy with... Evercat 17:10, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Perfect play


text:
Scruples (disambiguation)

Scruples is a synonym for conscience.

Scruple(s) may also refer to:
 * Scruples (novel), by Judith Krantz, 1978
 * Scruples (miniseries), 1980, based on the novel
 * Scruples (comic strip), by Joseph Young, Jr.
 * Scruples (game), a card game based on ethical dilemmas.
 * Scruple (unit) (℈), a small unit of mass in the apothecaries' system

title: Scruples (disambiguation)


text:
Matt Moore

Matt Moore may refer to:
 * Matt Moore (actor) (1888–1960), Irish-born American film actor
 * Matt Moore (American football) (born 1984), American football quarterback
 * Matt Moore (basketball), National Basketball League player
 * Matt Moore (musician), guitarist, vocalist, and video director from Southern Missouri
 * Matt Moore (baseball) (born 1989), Major League Baseball player
 * Matt Moore (politician) (born 1982), American politician

title: Matt Moore


text:
Talk:Don't ask, don't tell

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Trac(e)y Thorne
, regarding [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don%27t_ask%2C_don%27t_tell&type=revision&diff=892805755&oldid=892029459]/[//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell&diff=next&oldid=892805755]: because there's no source after the sentence, it's hard for me to tell which spelling is correct. We do have an article on Tracy Thorne-Begland which notes that he criticized the Navy's policy of excluding gays, outed himself, and was discharged in the 1990s. I see a "Tracey Thorne" mentioned as being discharged in a few books, e.g. Urvashi Vaid's 2015 Virtual Equality mentions "Tracey Thorne and Greta Cammermeyer", but that also spells Cammermeyer's name differently than our article on Margarethe "Grethe" Cammermeyer, so I wouldn't count on it for spelling. And "Tracy Thorne" with no "e" is mentioned in books as being discharged for being gay, e.g. Craig A. Rimmerman's 2013 Gay Rights, Military Wrongs mentions "the many public/media appearances of Keith Meinhold, Tracy Thorne," and others. Absent a source indicating that a different TT was meant, I think the IP seems to be right and [[Tracy Thorne-Begland]] seems to be meant. -sche (talk) 01:08, 17 April 2019 (UTC)

Redress
"Most people that got out under ‘don’t ask, don’t tell’ can get their discharges upgraded from general discharge to honorable discharge"

This point should probably be mentioned in the article, e.g. under a section called "Redress". Zazpot (talk) 20:27, 22 December 2020 (UTC)

Ongoing discrimination
"[Some] LGBTQ veterans who were discharged under 'dont ask, don’t tell' still do not get access to medical care, the GI Bill and military pensions."

This point should probably be mentioned in the article, e.g. under a section called "Ongoing discrimination". Zazpot (talk) 20:28, 22 December 2020 (UTC)

Misleading intro
The intro, especially with the added "instituted during the Clinton administration" in the first line, is very misleading. It fails to mention that Clinton and the other Democrats were campaigning for full tolerance of non-straight people but made this as a compromise to the Republicans who objected to that. It also fails to mention that before it, gays were barred from the military altogether. Prinsgezinde (talk) 20:01, 6 November 2022 (UTC)

 * It does mention that the law was a "relaxation of legal restrictions on service by gays and lesbians in the armed forces"; the intro focuses on the what and when of the topic of the article. The full history of how we got to that place, with who was for and against it, is for the article itself. --Nat Gertler (talk) 22:23, 6 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Don't ask, don't tell


text:
Ship Canal Bridge

The Ship Canal Bridge is a double-deck steel truss bridge that carries Interstate 5 (I-5) over Seattle's Portage Bay (part of the Lake Washington Ship Canal, after which it is named) between Capitol Hill and the University District. The canal below connects Lake Union with Lake Washington. Construction was completed in 1961 and the bridge opened to traffic on December 18, 1962. It is 4,429 ft (1,350 meters) long, stands 182 feet above the canal and is 119 feet wide at the upper deck. It was the largest bridge of its kind in the Northwest when it first opened. The bridge is double-decked, with the upper deck carrying traffic in both directions and the lower deck (the express lanes) carrying traffic southbound in the morning and northbound in the afternoon.

Other nearby bridges include University Bridge, Montlake Bridge, and George Washington Memorial Bridge (the Aurora Ave. bridge).

title: Ship Canal Bridge


text:
American Flagg!

American Flagg! is an American comic book series created by writer-artist Howard Chaykin, published by First Comics from 1983 to 1989. A science fiction series and political satire, it was set in the U.S., particularly Chicago, Illinois, in the early 2030s. Writers besides Chaykin included Steven Grant, J.M. DeMatteis, Alan Moore and John Francis Moore.

Publication history
American Flagg, which ran 50 issues (October 1983 – March 1988), was one of the first titles to be published by First Comics, an early alternative press comics company founded in Evanston, Illinois in 1983. Unusually for the time, the company offered its freelance writers and artists creator rights, including ownership of their creations. Regardless, writer-artist Howard Chaykin, then living in New York City, felt trepidation when First Comics approached him to do a project. He recalled in 2010:

"My concern had all and everything to do with the fact that this was a brand new company, located in [a suburb of] Chicago. I'd always worked for companies I'd visited and had day-to-day-dealings with. [But] they talked about a financial plan that would make it possible for me to get out from under the debt I had accrued working for [publisher] Byron Preiss [illustrating early graphic novels ] . It was encouraging, so I went home and concocted a scenario, a pitch document, and that was it."

Chaykin devised a series set in 2031, a high-tech but spiritually empty, consumerist world in which the American government has relocated to Mars, leaving what remains of the U.S. to be governed by the all-encompassing corporation known as the Plex. The series star is Reuben Flagg, a former TV star drafted into the Plexus Rangers and posted as a deputy in Chicago, Illinois.

The first 12 issues, running through cover-date September 1984, consisted of four interlocking, three-issue story arcs. Chaykin recalled his difficulty in producing 28 pages of art and script monthly: "I was still a smoker and a drinker at the time. And [the output was such that] I'd never done anything like that before, and it was insane. It just devoured my life [and] I had no assistants. I didn't know how to work with an assistant at that point, and it was a very difficult process. ... I was trying to do a fairly high-quality product and I didn't want to slough it off".

Chaykin made wide use of Craftint Duoshade illustration boards for American Flagg!, which in the period before computers, enabled him to add shaded textures to the finished art. Ken Bruzenak's lettering and logowork also won notice, as it was integral to American Flagg's futuristic, trademark-littered ambiance.

American Flagg's first dozen issues form one complete story that has influenced comic creators including Brian Michael Bendis and Warren Ellis. The comic made a huge splash at the 1984 Eagle Awards, the United Kingdom's pre-eminent comics awards. Chaykin and American Flagg! were nominated for ten awards, eventually winning seven. American Flagg! also won the 1983 Comics Buyer's Guide Fan Award for Favorite Comic Book and tied for the 1983 CBG Award for Favorite Character (Reuben Flagg).

After issue #12, Chaykin continued the series while also working on such other projects as his revamp of The Shadow for DC Comics and the graphic novel Time2, based on characters introduced in a one-off American Flagg! special in 1986. During this time, Alan Moore wrote a back-up story that ran several issues and concluded in an issue-length story.

Eventually, Chaykin left, to be replaced on a regular basis by first Steven Grant then J.M. DeMatteis. Grant left after only seven issues due to creative friction with the series's new artist, Mark Badger. According to Grant, he had wanted to continue doing stories in the same style that Chaykin had established, while Badger wanted to take the series in new directions. Chaykin returned for a brief run to wrap up storylines before the first volume ended in March 1988. The title was relaunched a few months later as Howard Chaykin's Amerikan Flagg!. This run saw Chaykin return to write the first issue before handing over to John Francis Moore, with Mike Vosburg and Richard Ory penciling and inking the interior art, but the franchise failed to recapture its early success and was canceled after 12 issues.

Plot synopsis
The story takes place in the year 2031, after a series of worldwide crises called the Year of the Domino (1996) has forced the U.S. government and the heads of major corporations to relocate to Hammarskjold Center, on Mars ("temporarily, of course"). In the wake of the American government leaving the planet and the Soviet Union collapsing from Islamic insurrections, there was a power shift throughout the world, with Brazilian Union of the Americas and the Pan-African League becoming the new superpowers on Earth.

However, the exiled American government, its corporate backers, and a group of technicians in the defected Soviet lunar colony of Gagaringrad form the Plex: a giant, interplanetary union of corporate and government concerns that conduct commerce and govern the United States from its capital on Mars. Many population centers are grouped around massive, fortified arcologies called Plexmalls and the law is enforced by the Plexus Rangers, the absentee Plex's Earthside militia.

The Plex has formed the Tricentennial Recovery Committee, to get America "back on track for '76", but the TRC is in reality a plan to sell the United States off to the new superpowers and to leech off the remaining inhabitants before gaining true self-sufficiency. As a result, the Plex has outlawed non-combat related education, organized sports such as basketball and personal aircraft, restricted media to only one outlet, the Plex itself (although it has multiple channels), and advocates and glorifies the use of political violence amongst independent policlubs by providing money and firearms for its hit TV show Firefight All Night LIVE!, and covertly sterilizes the population by using a combination contraceptive and antibiotic called Mañanacillin to reduce the population.

This all changes when former television star Reuben Flagg is drafted and transferred to Chicago's Plexmall to replace the local Ranger Hilton "Hammerhead" Krieger's fallen partner. He witnesses widespread graft and corruption throughout the Plexmall, but also a series of subliminal messages implanted in a television show that are causing outbreaks of gang violence. After he uses his emergency powers to interrupt the broadcast, he not only ends the violence, but also brings forth a series of events that causes the Plex to send in covert agents, the death of Hilton, and the unveiling of Q-USA, a secret TV station owned and operated by Krieger that opens Flagg's eyes to the nature of the Plex.

As the series progressed, Chaykin took less and less of a direct role in scripting and plotting the stories out, and by the third year of its run, he really had nothing to do with the book other than cover art. Stories began to violate the rules that Chaykin had explicitly stated in the writer's bible for the series (for instance, California was said to have slid into the Pacific Ocean, but in the final year of the book, California was merely shown to have been abandoned for reasons that were vague at best), and characterizations began to drift considerably as well. (Among other things, Flagg abandoned his interest in 1930s jazz, and was frequently shown listening to late-1960s rock, as well as becoming more of a traditional stern-jawed good-guy hero). After trying and failing several times to shore up declining interests, First Comics decided to lure Chaykin back into the writer's seat. "American Flagg!" wrapped up its principal storyline with issue #50. By this time, Reuben Flagg had traveled to Mars, overthrown the Plex, and become President of the United States. He then decided to separate Illinois from the United States and run it as his own personal fiefdom. All issues of this series took place in the year 2031.

The next year, the comic was re-launched under the name Howard Chaykin's Amerikan Flagg! (The "K" and a reversed "r" were to reflect the fact that most of this series took place in Russia) and picked up from where the earlier book had left off (in 2032). There is some difference of opinion as to whether this new book was intended to be a limited run, or open-ended as is the norm with comics. In either case, it ended after twelve issues. The final issue ends with a photo album of the Flagg's future domestic life, with many kids, a screaming shrew of a wife, and a balding, overweight Flagg.

Characters

 * Reuben Flagg, born in 2000 at Hammarskjold Center, Mars, to Axel and Rebecca Flagg, was a stand-up comic and popular television star of the show Mark Thrust, Sexus Ranger. After he was made superfluous by CGI technology, he joined the Plexus Rangers and emigrated to Earth, being stationed in the Chicago Plexmall. Flagg is Jewish, and his parents' "undesirably bohemian" attitudes have given him an idealistic view of the United States that runs contrary to the Plex. He has a desire to set things right again, and through inheriting Q-USA, begins to set on that path.
 * Raul the cat, an intelligent, talking orange tabby housecat. With the exception of his intelligence and his ability to speak (an ability whose origin is never explained), he appears to be otherwise a normal house pet. However, he has a customized set of cybernetic gloves, designed by Mandy Krieger, that give him opposable thumbs.
 * Hilton "Hammerhead" Krieger, was Flagg's superior at the Chicago Plexmall. A co-founder of the Genetic Warlords motorcycle gang along with Charles Blitz, but after his 13th arrest, the Plex drafts him because of his criminal experience. Intending to take advantage of the fledgling organization, he meets his future wife Peggy and stays with the Rangers. He does not trust anyone, not C.K., the mayor, not his wife Peg, not his daughter Mandy, and, while a Plexus Ranger, he especially does not trust the Plex. He runs an underground television station called Q-USA that broadcasts illegal sports, pornography, and pre-collapse movies and television shows. He is killed by a Plex secret agent, and  his cat Raul gives Flagg the keys to the station.  He also leaves behind a video explaining to his "heir" the truth of the Plex and the rules he wishes his successor to follow.
 * Amanda "Mandy" Krieger, daughter of Hilton, she is the air traffic controller for O'Hare Chicago Plexport. However, since the O'Hare Plexport only receives two flights a week, Mandy spends her time tinkering with electronics or getting into mischief. She later becomes a deputy to Flagg.
 * Jules "Deathwish" Folquet, captain of the Skokie Skullcrushers basketball team. Despite his punk appearance, his hulking size and the extreme nature of the sport he plays, Jules is quite intelligent. He is referred to as the "king of the two finger lobotomy." He first teams with Flagg to resolve a hostage crisis, but later forms the Video Rangers auxiliaries, and then becomes a Ranger deputy. He also later hosts a talk show with Raul called the "Him and It Show". In the second series, he renounces his violent ways, and, through a remarkable series of events, becomes Pope.
 * Charles Keenan Blitz, also known as The Honorable C.K. Blitz, a co-founder of the Genetic Warlords along with Hilton Krieger, also ended up getting drafted into the Plexus Rangers, but ended up leaving to become mayor of Chicago. Blitz has his hand in every deal, regardless of how illegal it may be; is extremely wealthy and corrupt; and has killed political opponents. As a side venture, he runs the Skokie Skullcrushers blackmarket basketball team. He is usually flanked by his two robot bodyguards, Bert and Ernie, named after "a private joke no one under 40 understands". He has had affairs with Mandy Krieger and with Peggy Krieger, while Hilton was fighting a brushfire war in Carracas, which lead to her being kicked out by Hilton and giving birth to Medea Blitz.
 * Medea Blitz, the offspring of C.K. and Peggy. Early in the series, Medea is a wild child and hangs out with Cyril Farid-Khan, gang leader of current Genetic Warlords. She has a secret affair with Hilton Krieger, but after his murder, is considered a suspect and is involved in a traffic accident, which causes her to miscarry Krieger's child. In order to clean up her act, C.K. Blitz has her join the Plexus Rangers to straighten her out. As the series progresses, Medea is shown to become more and more accepting of the Rangers and becomes a decent team player in Flagg's group.
 * Sam Luis Obispo also known as Ned Beaumont, also known as Tom Slick. A hustler Reuben meets in Havana while escorting the Skokie Skullcrushers, he later partners with Flagg for most of his time in South America. He has an affair with the wealthy daughter of the Brazilian ambassador, which causes all sorts of problems for Flagg and himself.
 * William Windsor-Jones, but his best friends just call him Bill. Bill is the youngest member of the Witnesses, a gang of octogenarian rebels. He helps Flagg out from time to time, giving him intelligence and technical support. He later has become a newscaster for Q-USA. Bill is Prince William, and the rightful heir to the now-abolished British throne.
 * Luther Ironheart, a robotic Plexus Ranger with a head that consisted of a holographic projection. Assigned to be Reuben Flagg's partner on patrol. While not very bright, he exhibited superhuman strength and agility.

Collected editions
American Flagg's first nine issues were released by First in a series of trade paperbacks, but after the collapse of First they went quickly out of print. Dynamic Forces and Image Comics announced a reprinting of the first twelve issues in both hardcover and paperback editions in 2004, but complications throughout the production process saw publication delayed until July 2008. This edition, entitled ''Howard Chaykin's American Flagg! Definitive Edition, Vol. 1 (ISBN 1-58240-983-8; signed and numbered, ISBN 1-58240-984-6; Titan Books, ISBN 1-84576-102-2), features the first 14 issues of the original First Comics series, an all-new Flagg!'' story written and drawn by Chaykin, and a foreword and afterword by Michael Chabon and Jim Lee, respectively. Dynamite Entertainment have also produced a hardcover collecting the prelude and the first twelve issues of American Flagg (ISBN 0-9749638-4-4).

There is also a series of trade paperbacks:

 * Volume 1 (American Flagg #1–7, 192 pages, Dynamite Entertainment, November 2008, ISBN 0-9749638-5-2; Titan Books, June 2009, ISBN 1-84576-077-8)
 * Volume 2 (American Flagg #8–14, 192 pages, Image Comics, April 2009, ISBN 1-58240-419-4; Titan Books, May 2009, ISBN 1-84576-078-6)

title: American Flagg!


text:
Talk:LiveonRelease

Untitled
Article listed on WP:VFD Jul 20 to Jul 26 2004, consensus was to keep. Discussion:

A band. I believe it's a vanity page. Could be wrong. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 17:14, 2004 Jul 20 (UTC)
 * Definitely a vanity page and kiddie-wiki to boot. Delete one way or another. - Lucky 6.9 17:16, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: advertising. Geogre 21:15, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Send to clean up. If it comes back here, though, there is probably insufficient interest to make it viable. Geogre 18:15, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * spend more time on writing skills, kids! I detect a c&p from this page: http://www.bifnaked.ca/lor/bio.htm#bio . The website site is reasonably substantial. Can someone more in tune with the Canadian girlrock scene than I am comment? Though I must say "Multiple passes through the Canadian tundra" as a tour description doesn't inspire notabilty. Abstain; if notable, cleanup. Ianb 21:31, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep following rewrite Ianb 18:54, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * On inspection, site does seem solid (sorry, I didn't click on "bifnaked.com" because I was at work). Keep if cleaned up and proven notable, delete otherwise. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 22:07, 2004 Jul 20 (UTC)
 * Unlikely as it seems, they're real. My roommate has their CD, and the song I'm afraid of Britney Spears is actually pretty good (chorus: "I'm afraid of Britney Spears/and Christina Aguilara").  They were also getting played on the radio for a while.  Keep.  Exploding Boy 07:59, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, but please clean up. It should not IMO be necessary to list it on cleanup, surely someone here can wikify and expand it to the more-than-adequate stub level at least. It does need work. Andrewa 10:00, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, just needs some cleanup, and I believe their name is really spelled "LiveonRelease". They are notable enough to have four reasonably popular singles in Canada, which is more than can be said for some other bands we have articles on. Adam Bishop 18:22, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * There, I've now moved it to LiveonRelease and cleaned it up into a stub. The previous version was a copyvio too. All is well :) Adam Bishop 18:38, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * All is indeed well. The original really did look like vanity, but this looks like an encyclopedia article.  Keep rewrite. - Lucky 6.9 18:48, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

End archived discussion

title: Talk:LiveonRelease


text: User talk:147.240.236.9

title: User talk:147.240.236.9


text:
Talk:Friedrich Wilhelm Hohenzollern

From VfD:

I think this is fairly obviously someone's idea of a joke, but I wanted to be sure. Deb 17:18, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * More British humor. Or "humour." :^P  Delete and BJAODN, anyone? - Lucky 6.9 17:21, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * BJAODN. I believe this stems from the entry in July 20 for the heavenwards depature of "Friedrich Wilhelm Hohenzollern, Crown Prince of Germany". This wpuld be Friedrich Wilhelm Victor August Ernst Hohenzollern, see German 'pedia: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Preu%DFen if anyone wants to write a quick stub. Ianb 18:15, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * have stubified the article. It is now very boring but factual. vfd notice remains, what to do with it? Ianb 21:59, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Now it is re-written, Keep: Giano 20:09, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep the stub. Wile E. Heresiarch 03:13, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirected to extant article. - Nunh-huh 06:52, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

end moved dicussion

title: Talk:Friedrich Wilhelm Hohenzollern


text:
Sam Davis

Sam Davis (October 6, 1842 – November 27, 1863) was a Confederate soldier executed by Union forces in Pulaski, Tennessee, during the American Civil War. He is popularly known as the Boy Hero of the Confederacy, although he was 21 when he died. He became a celebrated instance of Confederate memorialization in the late 1890s and early 1900s, eulogized by Middle Tennesseeans for his valor and sacrifice. Davis' story was popularized by editor J. B. Killebrew and later by Sumner Archibald Cunningham. Due in part to the story's themes of piety and masculinity, Cunningham's portrayal of Davis fit into mythology of the "Lost Cause" in the postwar South.

Early life
Born October 6, 1842, in Rutherford County, Tennessee, he was the oldest son of Charles Lewis Davis and Jane (Simmons) Davis. The Davis family owned fifty-one enslaved people by 1860. As a boy Sam Davis was gifted his own enslaved person, named Coleman Davis. He attended school in Smyrna, Tennessee, and was educated at the Western Military Institute—now Montgomery Bell Academy—from 1860–61. While there he came under the influence of headmaster and future Confederate General Bushrod Johnson.

He was recruited by Confederate scout forces early in the Civil War. He signed up as a private in the 1st Tennessee Infantry Regiment in 1861 and his regiment first fought in the Cheat Mountain; then in the Shenandoah Valley; then in the Shiloh; and finally the Perryville. Davis suffered minor injuries at Shiloh, and suffered a more severe wound at Perryville. After recovering he took on very active service as a courier for Coleman's Scouts.

Capture and trial
Davis was captured near Minor Hill, Tennessee, on November 20, 1863, having been detailed for special, hazardous duty within the Union lines of occupation around Nashville. At the time of his arrest by Union secret service agents, Davis had in his possession a miscellany of newspapers and intelligence sources, which included detailed drawings of Union fortifications at Nashville and other towns in Middle Tennessee.

Imprisoned in Pulaski, which at that time was a garrisoned Union town under command of General Grenville M. Dodge, Davis faced charges of espionage and steadfastly refused to reveal the names of his informants. After Davis was found guilty, General Dodge announced that he should be hanged on a hill described by a report from the Cincinnati Daily Commercial as "a pretty eminence, north east of Pulaski, and overlooking the town." When local citizens protested at so visual a display of a gruesome act, Dodge allegedly replied, "I want him hung where you all can see him."

According to the newspaper account, which is corroborated by several eyewitness accounts recorded between 1862 and the 1890s, Dodge offered Davis his life in exchange for information about his informants. The condemned man apparently refused all such offers. "Would you betray a friend?" Davis is reported to have said while seated on his coffin. "I had rather die a thousand deaths." Confederate lore had Davis saying upon climbing the scaffold that "the boys will have to fight the battles without me."

Execution
Davis was hanged by Union forces in Pulaski, Tennessee, on November 27, 1863. As he was trundled along to the hanging site atop his own coffin, Union soldiers alongside the bumpy wagon road shouted out their entreaties for his cooperation, lest they have to watch the grim execution. Supposedly the officer in charge of the execution was discomfited by Davis' youth and calm demeanor and had trouble carrying out his orders. Davis is alleged to have said to him, "Officer, I did my duty. Now, you do yours."

Accounts of Davis' death appeared in writings by Union soldiers, who witnessed the execution, and by a journalist from the Cincinnati Daily Commercial. Bearing his fate bravely, Davis apparently touched upon the sympathies of all observers, including his captors. The reporter recorded the scene thus:

"All nature seemed to be in mourning, and many warm hearts, loyal and true, but more that were not, melted into sympathy. Four companies of the 111th Illinois and two companies of the 7th Iowa were drawn up, forming a hollow square with fixed bayonets, with the gallows in the center of it. Hundreds and thousands were the spectators; the soldiery paraded about the guard; the citizens, gazing with scowls from their dwellings.

The Provost Marshal took off the prisoner's hat, for his hands were tied behind him, and then Chaplain Young, of the 81st Ohio, addressed a throne of mercy in behalf of his soul. And that prayer – it was long and fervently prayed that if a reprieve was not to be given on earth, that a higher, better, lasting one might be given in Heaven, where wars come not. Then he implored God's blessing upon our whole country – that sweet peace might soon return again – that the time when war should no longer be waged might come even speedily; and every breathing heart in that vast multitude said, 'Amen!''"

After a white hood was tied over Davis' head, the trap door was sprung at 10:30 a.m. Union soldiers turned away as Davis writhed in death agony for three minutes. "He stood it like a man," one Union soldier noted in his diary the following day. "He never paled a bit but stood it like a hero." That night, the Daily Commercial reported, "evergreens were planted, and now sigh in the wild wintery winds o'er his grave, while flowers culled by fair hands, were strewn upon it."

Davis wrote a letter to his mother before his execution, "Dear mother. O how painful it is to write you! I have got to die to-morrow --- to be hanged by the Federals. Mother, do not grieve for me. I must bid you good-bye forevermore. Mother, I do not fear to die. Give my love to all." There was a postscript for his father, too. ''"Father, you can send after my remains if you want to do so. They will be at Pulaski, Tenn. I will leave some things with the hotel keeper for you."

The execution gained some notoriety at the time, especially among soldiers of the Army of Tennessee. Writing in his memoir Co. Aytch, published in the early 1880s, Private Sam Watkins recalled that in 1864 his regiment had assembled to watch the hanging of two young Yankee spies, eager to see the condemned men suffer because "they had hung one of our regiment at Pulaski – Sam Davis."

To rescue from oblivion
Sam Davis' execution was not that unusual an event. Davis suffered a fate shared by many intelligence gatherers operating around Nashville. Most of the rural counties surrounding Nashville were only nominally under Union control, and this 'no-man's land' witnessed over three years of bloody internecine conflict and the steady dissolution of the institution of slavery. In this context, execution for espionage was not uncommon. The Provost Marshal records for Middle Tennessee offer evidence of scores of execution on espionage charges, with not all the victims receiving trials (as Davis did). Six months before Davis's execution, Union commanders publicly executed Joseph Smith in Carthage, a rural town east of Nashville. As was the case with Davis, some of these events generated newspaper coverage and featured in private letters. Most executions, however, went unrecorded apart from a perfunctory note in the Provost Marshal's records. Today, nearly all of these men are forgotten – except for Sam Davis.

For nearly thirty years after the war, the story of Sam Davis's execution was not widely remembered. In 1866 Davis's father erected the first monument to his son, a twenty-five foot shaft of Italian marble, at the back of the family's plantation home outside Smyrna. The Sam Davis story became part of a broader social memory only in the mid-1890s and chiefly through the efforts of Sumner Archibald Cunningham, the founding editor of Confederate Veteran magazine. A native of Middle Tennessee, Cunningham had an undistinguished record of Confederate service, having deserted the Army of Tennessee after the Battle of Nashville in 1864. After the war he worked as a newspaperman before becoming the general agent for the Jefferson Davis Memorial Fund after the former Confederate president's death in 1889. He left this position shortly after launching the Nashville-based Confederate Veteran in January 1893.

Before he founded the Confederate Veteran, Cunningham had never heard of Sam Davis. When an early subscriber to the magazine submitted a school oration about Davis for publication, Cunningham rejected it, "feeling that there were so many equally worthy heroes it would hardly be fair to print this special eulogy." But at a Blue-Gray veterans reunion in April 1895, on the battlefield at Shiloh, Cunningham again heard about the story of Davis's execution – and this time from two federal veterans, witnesses to the execution, who claimed, as Cunningham phrased it, that "the Federal Army was in grief over it." These accounts struck a chord and convinced Cunningham of the merits of publicizing the story. The Union veterans' story of an ordinary soldier's heroic death, couched in the language of reconciliation, fit perfectly with the spirit of the times and the viewpoint of the Confederate Veteran. "I resolved to print the story," Cunningham recalled in 1899, "and [to] reprint it until that typical hero should have as full credit as the Veteran could give him."

As Cunningham assumed stewardship of the Sam Davis story he transformed oral memories into a broad collective memory through a series of promotions. First, he solicited written versions of the federal eyewitness accounts of Davis's execution that he had heard at the Shiloh reunion and then published them in the Veteran. Next, Cunningham called for Tennesseans to come forward with "such data as may be recalled by all who know anything of the event." Sensing an opportunity to galvanize interest in his fledgling publication, Cunningham threw his energies into sponsorship of the Sam Davis story. In a series of editorials published in the summer of 1895, Cunningham packaged Davis's sacrifice in Christian terms, insisting that the story recalled "the sacrifice of the Galilean whose hands and feet were nailed to a cross." By summer's end, Cunningham launched a fundraising drive for a monument to Davis's memory to be erected on the Tennessee State Capitol grounds in Nashville.

Before being popularized by Cunningham, editor J. B. Killebrew in 1871 wrote a tribute to Davis entitled "Every Inch a Hero," that was widely printed. The article presented Davis as a scout carrying letters, rather than a spy, and because of this his execution was a miscarriage of justice].

Legacy
Since the late 1890s, Davis has towered above any other Tennessean in the pantheon of Confederate Civil War heroes. Today, representations of the life and death of Sam Davis mark the historical and geographical landscapes of the Middle Tennessee heartland. While the narrative of Davis is an ingrained part of regional recognition, Davis' story did not spread beyond Tennessee despite efforts after World War II to give the story a wider circulation.

Monuments commemorating him stand at the scene of his execution and on the court square in Pulaski; at his childhood home outside Smyrna, Tennessee; and in the form of a life-size statue positioned prominently on the southeast corner of the state capitol grounds in Nashville.

An exhibition case of Sam Davis artifacts—including the overcoat worn at the time of his arrest and the boot in which papers were concealed—is on permanent display at the Tennessee State Museum. Over the years, archivists at the Tennessee State Library and Archives have procured and catalogued scores of documents: firsthand recollections, poems, commemorative speeches, at least four published biographies, and the papers of the Sam Davis Memorial Association.

In 1912 a Sam Davis memorial window was installed in the Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond.

In 1927, the State of Tennessee purchased the Davis family home as a memorial site. Operated as a private nonprofit by the Sam Davis Memorial Association, the Sam Davis House outside Smyrna is open to tourists and school groups. In 1928 the 175-foot-tall, 200-room Sam Davis Hotel opened in downtown Nashville. On February 16, 1985 it was demolished to make way for a new convention center parking garage.

Illustrated Features Syndicate created a newspaper comic strip, "The Story of Sam Davis" in the late 1940s or early 1950s. The strip portrayed Davis, looking remarkably like Clark Gable, as an all–American hero caught up in a tragic era.

In the 1950s the "Sam Davis Story" was turned into a theatrical production performed to packed houses in Nashville, and later became the basis of a radio drama broadcast to U.S. troops overseas under the title "Honor Bound".

The Sons of Confederate Veterans posthumously awarded Davis their Confederate Medal of Honor, created in 1977.

Davis was named "Historical Personality of the Year" in 1992 by the Tennessee Historical Commission.

Controversy
Sam Davis's youth and the manner of his death has meant that the statue in his memory within the grounds of the Tennessee State Capitol has drawn little of the criticism and protest that in recent times has been targeted towards Confederate statues. In 1999, however, the Black Caucus of Tennessee state legislators erected a monument within fifteen feet of the Davis statue to the victims of the Middle Passage who died en route to slavery in the Americas. This drew protests from the Sons of Confederate Veterans who called the proximate placement of the monument to the Davis statue "a foolish little sophomoric prank." A spokesperson for the Black Caucus claimed no intent "to disrespect a Confederate soldier or have it overshadow him in any way" adding that the location for the monument to slavery's victims within the State Capitol grounds was determined by horticultural factors alone.

In 1992 the Sam Davis Memorial Association, who manage the Sam Davis Home on behalf of the State of Tennessee, were inundated with complaints from Confederate supporters angered by the rumor that the battle flag of the Confederacy no longer flew at the Sam Davis Home. The Association responded that "the only trouble we have is trying to satisfy different demands over which Confederate flag should be flown on a regular basis. At the present time, in an attempt to please as many of our supporters as possible, the several Confederate flags are flown on a rotating basis; but a Confederate flag is always flown."

In the early 2000s historical archaeologists at Middle Tennessee State University criticised the "shrine mentality" and cited a lack of authenticity in the material culture and historical interpretation at the Sam Davis Home. The custodians of the home complained about policy changes that were inconsistent with the original purpose of the home – including the flying of the U.S. flag, which the Nashville chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy called "an insult, not only to Sam Davis and his Family, but to the entire Confederacy and its descendants."

In recent years the Sam Davis Home has run educational programs focused on the material culture of the mid-nineteenth century, Civil War medicine, the music of enslaved people, and the lives of soldiers and civilians during the Civil War.

In 2020, following the murder of George Floyd and the subsequent protests, Montgomery Bell Academy removed their statue of Sam Davis from the campus, citing Davis's association with the Confederacy and the perception that the statue supported racism.

title: Sam Davis


text:
SAFE

SAFE may stand for:

Acts and projects

 * SAFE Act, one of many passed or proposed laws with this name
 * Strategic Action For Emergencies, a fictional group to counter S.H.I.E.L.D. in Marvel Comics
 * Synchronized Armed Forces Europe, the concept of synchronising of the European military forces

Organisations

 * SAFE (New Zealand organisation), Save Animals From Exploitation, a New Zealand animal advocacy organisation
 * SAFE Society of Aviation and Flight Educators, a professional aviation organization
 * SAFE Stroke Alliance for Europe, a coalition of charities that support stroke survivors
 * SAFE (Struggle Against Financial Exploitation), a UK Parliamentary Working Group who campaign against financial fraud and deception
 * Safe Ireland, anti-domestic violence organization, fund-raised for by Hozier' song Cherry Wine
 * State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) an agency of the People's Republic of China

Science and technology

 * Scaled agile framework (SAFe), a process framework for running Agile software development projects at scale
 * SAFE (cable system), South Africa Far East cable, an underwater communications cable linking South Africa and Malaysia
 * Safe affordable fission engine, a series of small experimental nuclear reactors designed by NASA
 * Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement, a metabolic pathway

Investing

 * Simple agreement for future equity (SAFE), a financing vehicle for startup businesses providing an alternative to a priced equity round or to a convertible note

title: SAFE


text:
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Talk:Cabinet of Canada

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Untitled
"A cabinet shuffle occurred on July 20, 2004."

Is 'cabinet shuffle' the right term for the reassignments in a new Parliament? Especially as this is now a minority? I'm not completely certain of the terminology, but I wanted to raise the question. Radagast 17:23, Jul 20, 2004 (UTC)

-- Sorry for the rather delayed response. Yes it is a shuffle because it is the same ministry. -- Jord 01:22, 7 Nov, 2004 (GMT)

Jay Hill
Should he be included on this page at all? He is neither a member of the cabinet nor of the ministry, the fact that his is a privy councillor is irrelevant as Martin's whip and parliamentary secretaries were such but were not included on this page (and rightfully so). Moreover, there is one privy councillor (Garth Turner) in the government caucus who has no formal role, as well as countless PCs in opposition. - Jord 00:40, 8 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Where should the other government roles go then? The role of the government whip and the strong tradition of party MPs voting in line with the decisions of the PM and cabinet doesn't seem to be represented.  I made a stub page Chief Government Whip, Canada.  There is also an inconsistency since the Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (Canada) page lists the opposition whip.  Rakerman 16:32, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

 * There is not an inconsitency, sometimes the whip is in the cabinet and sometimes not. Mauril Belanger recently served as whip while in cabinet.  That said, the whip is almost always in the opposition shadow cabinet.  In terms of where to put the whip, perhaps a section on the 39th Canadian parliament page for the officers of each party would be appropriate. - Jord 17:37, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, Belanger was never in Cabinet while whip. While he may well have been sworn in as a Privy Councillor, as I believe also happened with his successor Karen Redman, he was not sworn into Cabinet until after the 2004 election, when Ms. Redman took over his duties as whip.

 * Untrue: "The Chief Government Whip will join Cabinet as Deputy Leader of the Government in the House of Commons, helping to ensure the representation of parliamentary concerns in government decision-making." - Jord 20:17, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I stand corrected. I do believe, however, that this was the only time the whip has served in Cabinet (unless the role of whip was given to a Minister with an actual portfolio).

 * You may be right federally, however it has happened quite often provincially, particularly in Ontario. That said, what remains is that the whip does not belong on this page. - Jord 02:24, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

As of the October 30 2008 cabinet shuffle, Jay Hill is in a new position, formally called the "Leader of the Government in the House of Commons", or Government House Leader, but this did not come with any ministry position which I believe is the first time that the House Leader position has not come coupled with another portfolio, sinecure or not. According to Wikipedia's "Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (Canada)" page: "The position is not legally entitled to cabinet standing on its own, so all Government House Leaders must simultaneously hold another portfolio." So since Jay Hill does not have the title nor role of "Minister" he technically and legally should not be a part of the Cabinet, but according to the Prime Minister's website of the cabinet as of October 30 (http://www.pm.gc.ca/grfx/docs/cabinet.pdf) Jay Hill is included with a title as follows: "The Honourable Jay D. Hill Leader of the Government in the House of Commons". Does anyone have any further evidence for or against keeping Jay Hill on this page, the Cabinet of Canada? As of now I don't think he should be up, but I will wait for others to comment before removing him. Canadianpoliticsfan (talk) 06:49, 31 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I believe we'll find once the notice of the appointment is printed in the Canada Gazette that Hill will, in legal terms, have assumed the position of Minister of State restyled as "Leader of the Government in the House of Commons," which I believe has been the practice since, erm, Valeri I think? Jacques Saada. The Tom (talk) 19:41, 31 October 2008 (UTC)
 * This is absolutely correct, and I believe the practice goes back even further -- to Don Boudria if I recall correctly.PoliSciMaster (talk) 00:58, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

Names of ministries
Please note that just as when Paul Martin took office, Stephen Harper realigned and renamed some of the ministries; please use the correct and official NEW names. See these links to the PMO site for the correct names: List of Ministers, Backgrounder on departmental changes - Jord 20:10, 8 February 2006 (UTC)
 * We've stuck with legal names in the past, which are defined by legislation, not Prime Ministerial whims. The "Department of Human Resources and Social Development" quite literally does not exist until the Department of Human Resources and Skills Development Act and the Department of Social Development Act are repealed.  The Tom 02:23, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
 * That is fine Tom, and I did not change that but "Canadian Heritage and Status of Women" and "Minister of ACOA" etc should be what we go with here. We are not talking about names of departments, we are talking about names of ministers.  It is worth noting that there is no Department of International Trade but we have a Minister of International Trade.  Also, I am quite sure that Anne McLellan was never listed here is as Solictor General but instead as Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, this is depsite the fact that she was sworn in as Solicitor General  and that the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness did not exist until March 23, 2005  - Jord 14:58, 9 February 2006 (UTC)
 * It should also be noted that under the provisions of the Public Service Rearrangement and Transfer of Duties Act, the Cabinet can essentially restructure things however they want. This is how the Martin government operated a Department of International Trade, despite the fact the the acts splitting DFAIT were never adopted.  On February 6, Harper's government issued an OiC that "pursuant to paragraph 2(b) of that Act, amalgamates and combines the Department of Social Development and the Department of Human Resources and Skills Development under the Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development to be styled Minister of Human Resources and Social Development and under the Deputy Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development to be styled Deputy Minister of Human Resources and Social Development."   While, legally, there is no Department of Human Resources and Social Development, there is also no longer a Department of Social Development.  The listing and related articles should be updated.  On an unrelated note, Jord raises an excellent point with respect to the SolGen, and the article on the post of SolGen should probably be updated to reflect it didn't in fact dissappear until last year.

Ministers of State
I believe the section concerning Minister of the Crown vs. Ministers of State needs to be revamped and reworked. Ministers of State are not necessarily junior ministers. They are essentially a Minister whose responsibilities do not correspond to a department. The current Ministry has at least four ministers of State (some of whom also hold proper Ministerial portfolio). The current Ministers of State are Verner, Clement, Emerson and Chong, and there may very well be others.

Status of Department of Social Development
In the order in council here, it is shown that there is no Minister of Social Development, that Diane Finley is Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development styled as Minister of Human Resources and Social Development with all of the powers of minister of Social Development delegated to her without her actually being minister. - Jord 16:43, 10 February 2006 (UTC)
 * That is 100% correct. While there does legally remain a Department of Social Development, it is nothing but an empty shell.  It has no Minister, no Deputy Minister, nor any administration, all of this having been transferred to HRSD.

Right Wing cabinet
Just a comment. Harper's cabinet is (politically) right-wing, yet has anyone noticed the number of Ministers who are left-handed? GoodDay 23:28, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

Ongoing Saga of Social Development
I have again removed it from the list. My reasons are twofold. First, despite the fact that the Department of Social Development Act remains in force, there is no Minister of Social Development. The Act establishes the department and bestows authority for that department on the Minister of Social Development. However, the Public Service Rearrangement and Transfer of Duties Act allows the Governor in Council to transfer that responsibility to any other Minister. Harper's government did that on February 6, effectively eliminating the position. This power allows the Governor in Council to act notwithstanding any Act presently in force. This appears to be somewhat difficult for some to understand, but it is a fact. Secondly, even if you remain unable to grasp my first point, the list in the article is of the current Cabinet. Not current departments, not portfolios -- the current cabinet. Whether the portfolio is vacant or does not exist, the fact remains that the current Cabinet does not have one, and it therefore does not belong in this list.

Cabinet now in the Gazette
FYI - the official titles of ministers (verses what they are styled as) is now available as the cabinet is in the Gazette - Jord 15:27, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

Titles of Senators
I added "Senator" to the names of Senators. Im not sure if Hon. Senator John Doe or if Senator the Hon. John Doe is correct, I've seen it both ways. Keeperoftheseal 22:21, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * A Senator who is not a privy councillor is know as "Hon. John Doe, Senator", one that is is known as "Senator the Hon. John Doe, P.C."... that said, you shouldn't include Senator on the table unless you are going to include the MP post nominals as well which I think makes it look cluttered. - Jord 22:30, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I just did it to distingish which Senators were in cabinet, however, since the layout is awkward to say the least, ill take them out (if it hasnt been dont) - Keeperoftheseal 02:59, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it makes sense to note which members of the cabinet are Senators. The tradition of responsible government means that the Prime Minister is expected to appoint those who have been elected to the House of Commons; Senators, obviously, are not elected, and do not sit in the House of Commons for Question Period, and so their inclusion in the cabinet is unusual and therefore noteworthy. -- Todeswalzer | Talk 18:44, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I think you misunderstand responsible government. By definition, it means the Crown will name a government that enjoys the confidence of an elected house; it does not mean that government needs to be made up of exclusively members of that place.  It is hardly "unusual and therefore noteworthy" for Senators to be in cabinet; every cabinet since Confederation, save one, has had a Senator in it.  Please see here for a list of Senators who have served in cabinet. - Jord 18:51, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * While there is nothing out of the ordinary about having a couple senators in the cabinet, I think that many (or most) people reading this list would be interested in knowing which members were in the senate and which were members of the House. It seems very noteworthy even if common practise.  --Arctic Gnome (talk • contribs) 20:14, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not misunderstanding responsible government: part of that means having members of the government being accountable to the House, and obviously they cannot be accountable to the House if they are not even members of it. As per Senators being included in the Cabinet (that is, in positions that would normally be filled by an MP; Leader of the Government in the Senate is an obvious exception), this usually only occurs when the government finds itself in a tricky situation -- take the current Harper government as an example. Having no elected Members of Parliament from within any of the major urban centres makes it virtually impossible to balance the Cabinet without including a Senator from at least one of those regions. But in any event, it makes sense to point out the Senators, because anyone just skimming over this will assume (perhaps not unreasonably) that all of them are MPs. -- Todeswalzer | Talk 03:01, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Can-pol w.jpg
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BetacommandBot 05:40, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

PM first
Back on October 19, User:Miesianiacal decided to put the President of the Privy Council at the top of the Cabinet list, over even the Prime Minister, without any discussion. The Cabinet is not the Privy Council but a committee of the Privy Council and, both constitutionally and in fact it is the Prime Minister who is the had of Cabinet. I have reversed the order to put the PM on top as the PM is the first minister. Doctorite (talk) 22:22, 9 April 2010 (UTC)
 * I am entitled to make changes without prior discussion, per WP:BRD, thank you. Yes, you're right that the PM is head of government, but, as the cabinet is a committee of the Privy Council, it seems odd to have the president of the larger body relegated in a sub-group of it to a status lower than the head of the sub-group. -- Ħ   MIESIANIACAL  23:24, 10 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Do you have any references that support giving the Privy Council President precedence over the PM within cabinet? It may "seem odd" to you but that is not a sufficient reason to make a counterintuitive edit. If this were a list of the Privy Council you'd have a point but this is a list of Cabinet members and the PM is the leader of the Cabinet (ie the First Minister) so his name should come first. Doctorite (talk) 00:05, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

What is the justification for the current order of ministers? It's not according to alphabetical order or order the post was created, nor is it in order of seniority by appointee. Is there a reference somewhere for the order? If not we should change it to either alphabetical order (following the PM) or date the position was created. I prefer the former since it would make it easier for most people to find a specific post. Doctorite (talk) 23:26, 9 April 2010 (UTC)

See also this list of the British Cabinet where the PM heads the list, not the Lord President of the Council. Doctorite (talk) 00:08, 22 April 2010 (UTC)

Order of precedence
The standard way of listing the Cabinet is in order of precedence (that is in order of the minister's seniority in the Privy Council ie the PM is first followed by ministers with the order determined by when they were sworn in as privy councillors). See and. The list in this page needs to be corrected accordingly. Round the Horne (talk) 17:19, 6 August 2010 (UTC)

Table
I think that the table currently used is unattractive and not user-friendly. I propose replacing it with the following:

Thoughts? - Nbpolitico (talk) 16:33, 15 July 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Must be updated for Trudeau's gov't
As of Nov 4 2015 Trudeau's government is now in power.192.197.88.95 (talk) 18:02, 4 November 2015 (UTC)

It's been updated, but four ministers are missing. There are only PM + 26, but there are PM + 30. Where are the other four? GBC (talk) 04:21, 5 November 2015 (UTC)

Precedence Section
What exactly is the basis for Carolyn Bennett's precedence date being 1986? She didn't join the Privy Council until the Martin government. CaptainCanada (talk) 21:12, 4 November 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Precedence dates
Whoever updated the cabinet list overlooked making corresponding changes to the precedence dates and they're now screwed up. Can someone fix them as needed? Precedence date is the date the individual was sworn into the privy council (usually the day they first became a cabinet minister or parliamentary secretary) and if a minister changes portfolio their precedence date moves with them.130.63.230.247 (talk) 19:47, 10 January 2017 (UTC)

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July 18, 2018 - Cabinet Reshuffle and New Positions
http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-cabinet-shuffle-2018-1.4749976

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has made significant changes to his cabinet, bringing five new ministers to the table and creating new portfolios for seniors, intergovernmental affairs and border security.

The retooled cabinet signals the government intends to ease trade dependence on the U.S. and bolster political forces in key regions in the run-up to next year's federal election.

In one surprise move, Bill Blair, a former Toronto police chief who has been the government's point man on the marijuana legalization file, was appointed minister of border security and organized crime reduction. He will also be in charge of managing the hot-button issue of irregular migration with asylum seekers crossing into Canada from the U.S.

Other new ministers added to the cabinet today:

Mary Ng, a former staffer in Trudeau's office who was recently elected in a Markham-Thornhill byelection, becomes minister for small business and export promotion. Filomena Tassi, a Hamilton MP, becomes minister for seniors. Vancouver MP Jonathan Wilkinson becomes minister of fisheries, oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard. Pablo Rodriguez, who was serving as chief government whip, becomes minister of heritage and multiculturalism. Ministers with new or changed duties:

Dominic LeBlanc moves from Fisheries and Oceans to Intergovernmental Affairs, Northern Affairs and Internal Trade. Amarjeet Sohi moves from Infrastructure to Natural Resources. Carla Qualtrough, remains minister of public services and procurement and gets the added portfolio of Accessibility. Jim Carr moves from Natural Resources to International Trade Diversification. Mélanie Joly goes from Heritage to minister of tourism, official languages and la francophonie. François-Philippe Champagne moves from International Trade to Infrastructure and Communities. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Taishonambu (talk • contribs) 16:36, 18 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cabinet of Canada