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Asleep at the Wheel

Asleep at the Wheel is an American Western Swing music group that was formed in Paw Paw, West Virginia, and is based in Austin, Texas. The band has won nine Grammy Awards since their 1970 inception, released over twenty albums, and has charted more than 21 singles on the Billboard country charts. Their highest-charting single, "The Letter That Johnny Walker Read", peaked at No. 10 in 1975.

Beginnings to Austin
In 1969, Ray Benson and Lucky Oceans (Reuben Gosfield) co-founded Asleep at the Wheel in Paw Paw, West Virginia, and soon after they found themselves opening for Alice Cooper and Hot Tuna in Washington, D.C. A year later, they moved to East Oakland, California, at the invitation of Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen. After being mentioned in Rolling Stone magazine by Van Morrison, they landed a record deal with United Artists. In 1973, their debut album, Comin' Right at Ya, was released by United Artists. At the invitation of Willie Nelson, they left Oakland for Austin in 1974.

1974–1979
In 1974, Asleep at the Wheel released its self-titled second album, with a cover of Louis Jordan's "Choo Choo Ch'Boogie", which was the band's first single to hit the country charts. The following year had the release of Texas Gold, with the top-ten Country hit single "The Letter That Johnny Walker Read". In addition, they played on PBS's Austin City Limits, where they have since performed a record-setting 10 times. In 1977, the band was voted Best Country Western Band by Rolling Stone and was awarded the Touring Band of the Year by the Academy of Country Music. They also went on tour with Emmylou Harris in Europe. The following year, they recorded a cover of Count Basie's song "One O'Clock Jump". Also in 1980, they appeared in the movie Roadie, along with Meat Loaf, Blondie, and Art Carney. By the end of the decade, the band recorded their first live album, Served Live, at the Austin Opera House.

1980–1989
The 1980s became a turbulent decade for the band. After moving to MCA, co-founder Lucky Oceans left, followed in September 1986 by Chris O'Connell due to her pregnancy. Asleep at the Wheel gathered a large amount of debt that required it to work on commercials and movie soundtracks. This band produced the soundtrack for the film Liar's Moon.

In 1985, the band released a virtually ignored self-titled album. By the late 1980s, Ray Benson had done some producing, allowing the band a second chance with Epic Records. In 1987, the band released 10, which won them their second Grammy for Best Country Instrumental, helping to launch their comeback. The album also had contributions from legendary fiddle player and onetime Texas Playboys member Johnny Gimble. The following year, the band released Western Standard Time, which won them another Grammy for Best Country Instrumental. The late 1980s also had the growth of Jann Browne as a solo vocalist in the group; she would later embark on a solo career on Curb Records.

1990–1999
The band moved to Arista Records and released the album, Keepin' Me Up Nights. Soon after, the band had turnover. Among its new members was former solo singer Rosie Flores, who joined in 1997. In 1991, Ray Benson directed the music and co-starred in the movie Wild Texas Wind with Dolly Parton. In honor of the 66th anniversary of Route 66, the band launched the Route 66 Tour. In 1993, the band released an instant hit with several guest musicians, A Tribute to the Music of Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys, to much critical acclaim. Two years later, the band celebrated their 25th anniversary by releasing The Wheel Keeps on Rollin. In 1999, the band and DreamWorks released Ride with Bob, as their second tribute album to Bob Wills. This album also enjoyed immediate success and garnered the band two Grammy wins, one for Best Country Instrumental, and the other for Best Package Design.

According to Rolling Stone magazine, Ray Benson "didn't just enlist the obvious Wills fans" in this tribute album to Bob Wills like Merle Haggard, Willie Nelson, and Lyle Lovett. He also brought in some of country's young lions the Dixie Chicks, Tim McGraw, and Lee Ann Womack, some pop stars", including Shawn Colvin, the Squirrel Nut Zippers, and fellow country preservationists such as Dwight Yoakam.

2000–present
In 2000, the Dixie Chicks were nominated for an award for Vocal Event of the Year for "Roly Poly" with Asleep at the Wheel from the Country Music Association. That same year, the band toured with Bob Dylan and George Strait. Benson recorded a tribute to Wills and Texas swing music, including Dwight Yoakam, Vince Gill, Merle Haggard, the Dixie Chicks, and Willie Nelson. They were scheduled to play at the White House on the fateful September 11, 2001. In 2003, the band released Live at Billy Bob's Texas, and by the end of the decade, the band had released two more albums: Reinventing the Wheel, an entirely new set of songs, including a collaboration with The Blind Boys of Alabama, and a two-disc set Kings of Texas Swing. In 2007, their second Christmas album was released, Santa Loves to Boogie.

Asleep at the Wheel received six Austin Music Awards for their efforts in 2007, including Band of the Year, Songwriter of the Year (Benson), Country Band of the Year, Record Producer of the Year (Benson), Male Vocals of the Year (Benson), and Acoustic Guitar Player of the Year (McQueen).

Members
Current members
 * Ray Benson – lead vocals, lead guitar (1970–present)
 * Jason Baczynski – drums, percussion (2022–2023)
 * Katie Shore – co-lead vocals, fiddle (2014–present)
 * Dennis Ludiker – fiddle, mandolin, backing vocals (2016–present)
 * Connor Forsyth – piano, organ, accordion, backing vocals (2016–present)
 * Josh Hoag – bass (2017–present)
 * Flavio Pasquetto – steel guitars (2019–present)
 * Joey Colarusso – saxophone (2021–present)
 * Russ Patterson- Drums (June 2023–present)

Discography
• Comin' Right at Ya (1973)

• Asleep at the Wheel (1974)

• Texas Gold (1975)

• Wheelin' and Dealin' (1976)

• The Wheel (1977)

• Collision Course (1978)

• Framed (1980)

• Pasture Prime (released as Asleep at the Wheel in the US) (1985)

• 10 (1987)

• Western Standard Time (1988)

• Keepin' Me Up Nights (1990)

• Tribute to the Music of Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys (1993)

• The Wheel Keeps on Rollin' (1995)

• Merry Texas Christmas, Y'all (1997)

• Ride with Bob: A Tribute to Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys (1999)

• The Very Best of Asleep at the Wheel (2001)

• Hang Up My Spurs (2002)

• Asleep at the Wheel Remembers the Alamo (2003)

• Reinventing the Wheel (2007)

• Santa Loves to Boogie (2007)

• Willie and the Wheel (2009) (with Willie Nelson)

• It's a Good Day (2010) (with Leon Rausch)

• Still the King: Celebrating the Music of Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys (2015)

• Lone Star Christmas Night (2016)

• New Routes (2018)

• Half a Hundred Years (2021)

Awards and nominations
Asleep at the Wheel have won eight Grammy Awards out of 27 nominations. They have also been nominated for 12 Country Music Association Awards. In 1977, they won the Academy of Country Music Award for Touring Band of the Year and have been nominated an additional nine times.

title: Asleep at the Wheel


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Arrhenatherum

Arrhenatherum, commonly called oat-grass or button-grass, is a genus of Eurasian and North African plants in the grass family.

Description
Wild forms can resemble wild oat (Avena) or fescue (Festuca). Oat-grasses are very common perennials with yellowish roots. The shining stems grow to a height of 1.80 m, but die off in winter. The leaves are hairless with blunt ligules. The inflorescence is a panicle with two-flowered bisexual spikelets.

 * Species
 * Arrhenatherum album - tall oat-grass - Mediterranean from Portugal to Cyprus
 * Arrhenatherum calderae - Tenerife in Canary Islands
 * Arrhenatherum elatius - false oat-grass, tall oat-grass, tall meadow oat - Eurasia + North Africa from Iceland to Canary Islands + Kazakhstan; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, New Zealand, the Americas
 * Arrhenatherum kotschyii - Turkey, Caucasus, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan
 * Arrhenatherum longifolium - France, Spain, Portugal, Morocco
 * Arrhennatherum palaestinum - eastern Mediterranean from Greece to Iraq
 * Arrhenatherum pallens - Portugal

numerous species now considered better placed in other genera Avenula Danthoniastrum Duthiea Helictochloa Helictotrichon Sphenopholis
 * formerly included

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Arrhenatherum


text:
Steve Barcia

Steve Barcia is a game programmer, game producer and entrepreneur, having founded the computer game developer Simtex Studios Inc. in 1988. The company released computer games such as Master of Magic, Master of Orion, Master of Orion II, and 1830: Railroads & Robber Barons the adaptation of the Avalon Hill strategy game 1830. They also developed the unreleased projects Mech Lords and Guardians: Agents of Justice.

Following a corporate takeover in May 2000, Nintendo of America bought Retro Studios. Barcia was elected to replace the founder and then-president Jeff Spangenberg. Under Barcia's leadership, Retro Studios developed and released Metroid Prime. Barcia was replaced by Michael Kelbaugh in April 2003 after Nintendo received numerous complaints about his mismanagement of the company.

After his replacement he took employment at EA Canada in Vancouver where he oversaw production on the Def Jam, SSX, and Need for Speed series.

In 2009, he was chosen by IGN as one of the top 100 game creators of all time.

title: Steve Barcia


text:
Melbourne tram route 72

Melbourne tram route 72 is operated by Yarra Trams on the Melbourne tram network from Melbourne University to Camberwell. The 16.8 kilometre route is operated out of Malvern depot with Z and D class trams.

History
Route 72 was first allocated to the line between Camberwell (Burke Road) and the City (Swanston Street) on 1 November 1970. Prior to that, the line to Camberwell was serviced by route 7. The change was at first due to operations of the Camberwell line being shifted from Malvern depot to Camberwell depot. Even though the route was subsequently returned to Malvern in August 1979, the number 72 was kept. Before 1970, Route 72 was a short-working of the Wattle Park line, for trams that terminated at Riversdale instead of Wattle Park. Trams traditionally terminated at the Victoria Street terminus, but following an accident in 1991, trams instead terminated at the Queensberry Street crossover. Due to congestion during peak hours at the crossover, some trams continued north to Melbourne University. Finally on 17 January 1996, a permanent shunt was built at Melbourne University. From then on, route 72 trams were altered run full-time to Melbourne University.

The origins of route 72 lie in separate tram lines. The section of track between Queensberry Street (Stop 4) and Commercial Road (Stop 25) is the oldest section of this route, dating back to the Brighton Road cable tram which opened on 11 October 1888 by the Melbourne Tramway & Omnibus Company. This cable tram line was electrified in stages by the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board. The section between Domain Interchange (Stop 20) and Commercial Road was electrified on 27 December 1925. The section between Queensberry Street and City Road (near Stop 14) was electrified on the same day. The line between City Road and Domain Interchange was electrified on 24 January 1926. The Prahran & Malvern Tramways Trust constructed the Malvern Road line between St Kilda Road and Gardiner (Stop 50) on 8 April 1915. This line was extended to Camberwell station (Stop 64) on 6 December 1917, and then to Cotham Road on 7 March 1918.

The route was curtailed for 21 months from March 1995 while a bridge was built over the Monash Freeway. In response to the State Government's Melbourne 2030 planning policy, the Public Transport Users Association lobbied to extend route 72 north to Doncaster Road and Ivanhoe station, and south to Caulfield.

Operation
Route 72 is operated out of Malvern depot with Z and D class trams.

title: Melbourne tram route 72


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Carter Glass

Carter Glass (January 4, 1858 – May 28, 1946) was an American newspaper publisher and Democratic politician from Lynchburg, Virginia. He represented Virginia in both houses of Congress and served as the United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Woodrow Wilson. He played a major role in the establishment of the U.S. financial regulatory system, helping to establish the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

After working as a newspaper editor and publisher, Glass won election to the Senate of Virginia in 1899. He was a delegate to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1902, where he was an influential advocate for segregationist policies. Historian J. Douglas Smith described him as “the architect of disenfranchisement in the Old Dominion.” He also promoted progressive fiscal and regulatory reform but these contributions were often superficial since Glass generally opposed the most reformist aspects of federal legislation and was a New Deal critic. Glass won election to the United States House of Representatives in 1902 and became Chairman of the House Committee on Banking and Currency in 1913. Working with President Wilson, he passed the Federal Reserve Act, which established a central banking system for the United States. Glass served as Secretary of the Treasury from 1918 until 1920, when he accepted an appointment to represent Virginia in the United States Senate. Glass was a favorite son candidate for the presidential nomination at the 1920 Democratic National Convention.

Glass served in the Senate from 1920 until his death in 1946, becoming Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee in 1933. He also served as president pro tempore of the Senate from 1941 to 1945. He co-sponsored the 1933 Banking Act, also known as the Glass–Steagall Act, which created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and enforced the separation of investment banking firms and commercial banks. An ardent supporter of states' rights, Glass opposed much of the New Deal and clashed with President Franklin D. Roosevelt over the control of federal appointments in Virginia.

Early life and education
Carter Glass was born on January 4, 1858, in Lynchburg, Virginia, the last child born to Robert Henry Glass and his first wife, the former Augusta Elizabeth Christian. His mother died on January 15, 1860, when Carter was only two years old, so his sister Nannie, ten years older (and Elizabeth's only daughter), became his surrogate mother. Carter, a slight boy, got his nickname, "Pluck", for his pugnacious willingness to stand up to bullies.

His father, Robert Henry Glass, was Lynchburg's postmaster beginning in 1853, and in 1858 bought the Lynchburg Daily Republican newspaper (where he had worked since 1846). The city's other newspaper was the Lynchburg Daily Virginian, then published by Joseph Button, who on June 23, 1860, (while R. H. Glass was out of town) died in a duel with Glass's editor at the time, George W. Hardwicke, over accusations that Glass used his postal office to disadvantage the rival paper.

When the American Civil War (1861–1865) broke out, Lynchburg was pro-Union but also pro-slavery, since its economy depended on the manufacture of tobacco as well as slave-trading and the new railroads. R. H. Glass volunteered and joined the Virginia forces in 1861, and then joined the Confederate Army, where he became a major on the staff of Brigadier General John B. Floyd, a former Governor of Virginia. Major Glass ultimately remarried and had seven more children, including Meta Glass (president of Sweet Briar College) and Edward Christian Glass (Lynchburg's school superintendent for five decades).

In poverty-stricken Virginia during the post-War period, Glass received only a basic education at a private school run by one-legged former Confederate Henry L. Daviess. However, his father kept an extensive library. He became an apprentice printer to his father (and Hardwicke) when he was 13 years old, and continued his education through reading Plato, Edmund Burke and William Shakespeare, among others who stimulated his lifelong intellectual interest. He thought that Shakespeare's works were not written by William Shakespeare, refusing to accept that their author could have risen from humble origins. In 1876, Major Glass accepted an offer to edit the Petersburg News, and Carter joined him as a journeyman printer. Not long afterward, Major Glass accepted the editorship of the Danville Post, but Carter did not join him, instead returning to Lynchburg.

Early career
When Glass was 19 years old, he moved with his father to Petersburg. However, when young Glass could not find a job as a newspaper reporter in Petersburg, he returned to Lynchburg, and went to work for former Confederate General (and future U.S. Senator) William Mahone's Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad (AM&O), which was in receivership from 1877 to 1880. Glass was a clerk in the auditor's office at the railroad's headquarters. Several years later, under new owners and with headquarters relocated to Roanoke, the railroad became the Norfolk and Western (N&W). However, by then Glass had found the newspaper job he had initially wanted. His formative years as Virginia struggled to resolve a large pre-War debt (Mahone being a leading figure in the Readjuster Party) and dealing with boom-and-bust economic cycles (some linked with stock speculation), helped mold Glass' conservative fiscal thinking, much as it did many other Virginia political leaders of his era.

At the age of 22, Glass finally became a reporter, a job he had long sought, for the Lynchburg News. He rose to become the morning newspaper's editor by 1887. The following year, the publisher retired and offered Glass an option to purchase the business. Desperate to find financial backing, Glass received the unexpected assistance from a relative who loaned him enough for a $100 down payment on the $13,000 deal. Free to write and publish whatever he wished, Glass wrote bold editorials and encouraged tougher reporting in the morning paper, which increased sales. Soon, Glass was able to acquire the afternoon Daily Advance, then to buy out the competing Daily Republican. Thus he became Lynchburg's sole newspaper publisher; the modern-day Lynchburg News and Advance is the successor publication to his newspapers.

Entry into politics
As a prominent and respected newspaper editor, Glass often supported candidates who ran against Virginia's Democrats of the post-Reconstruction period, who he felt were promoting bad fiscal policy. In 1896, the same year his father died, Glass attended the Democratic National Convention as a delegate, and heard William Jennings Bryan speak. Glass was elected to the Senate of Virginia in 1899, and was a delegate to the Virginia constitutional convention of 1901–1902. He was one of the most influential members of the convention, which instituted measures associated with the Progressive movement, such as the establishment of the State Corporation Commission to regulate railroads and other corporations, replacing the former Virginia Board of Public Works.

Advocacy of segregation and disenfranchisement
The 1902 Constitution required that to be eligible to vote a man prove that he had paid a poll tax of US$1.50 1904 in each of the past three years, making voting a luxury. The Constitution also required that voters pass a literacy test with their performance graded by the registrar. When questioned as to whether these measures were potentially discriminatory, Glass exclaimed, "Discrimination! Why that is exactly what we propose. To remove every negro voter who can be gotten rid of, legally, without materially impairing the numerical strength of the white electorate." Indeed, the number of African-Americans qualified to vote dropped from 147,000 to 21,000 immediately. Carter Glass remained one of the strongest advocates of segregation and continued to dedicate much of his political career to the perpetuation of Jim Crow laws in the South.

Congress, Secretary of the Treasury

Glass was elected to the United States House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1902, to fill a vacancy. In 1913, he became Chairman of the House Committee on Banking and Currency, where he worked with President Woodrow Wilson to pass the Glass-Owen Federal Reserve Act. In 1918, Wilson appointed him Secretary of the Treasury, succeeding William Gibbs McAdoo. His signature as Secretary of the Treasury can be found on series 1914 Federal Reserve Notes, issued while he was in office. At the 1920 Democratic National Convention Glass was nominated for President as a favorite son candidate from Virginia.

Glass served at the Treasury until 1920, when he was appointed to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Virginia's senior senator, Thomas Staples Martin. Martin had been widely regarded as the head of Virginia's Democratic Party, a role filled during the 1920s by Harry Flood Byrd of Winchester, another Virginia newspaperman who shared many of Glass's political views and who headed the political machine of Conservative Democrats known as the Byrd Organization, which dominated Virginia's politics until the 1960s. In 1933, Byrd became Virginia's junior Senator, joining Glass in the Senate after former Governor and then-senior U.S. Senator Claude A. Swanson was appointed as U.S. Secretary of the Navy by President Franklin Roosevelt. Both Glass and Byrd were opposed to Roosevelt's New Deal policies. Each was a strong supporter of fiscal conservatism and states' rights. Glass and Byrd invoked senatorial courtesy to defeat Roosevelt's nomination of Floyd H. Roberts to a federal judgeship, as part of a broader conflict over control of federal patronage in Virginia.

Glass served in the U.S. Senate for the remainder of his life, turning down the offer of a new appointment as Secretary of the Treasury from President Roosevelt in 1933. When the Democrats regained control of the Senate that year, Glass became Chairman of the Appropriations Committee. He was President pro tempore from 1941 to 1945, being succeeded as such by Kenneth McKellar at the start of the custom of giving that post to the senior senator of the majority party. As a Senator, Glass's most notable achievement was passage of the Glass–Steagall Act, which separated the activities of banks and securities brokers and created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Glass, however, opposed the concept of bank deposit insurance and was “very unhappy” about this reform. A less successful minor legislative initiative from Glass was a 1930 resolution to ban dial telephones from the Senate, a measure that was successfully resisted by younger senators who favored dial telephony.

Electoral history

 * 1902; Glass was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 79.41% of the vote, defeating Republican Aaron Graham, Independent James S. Cowdon, and Socialist Labor H.D. McTier.
 * 1904; Glass was re-elected with 69.07% of the vote, defeating Republican Samuel H. Hoge and Socialist Elory R. Spencer.
 * 1906; Glass was re-elected unopposed.
 * 1908; Glass was re-elected with 65.92% of the vote, defeating Republicans M. Hartman and John M. Parsons and Independent Jacob Harvey.
 * 1910; Glass was re-elected with 87.64% of the vote, defeating Republican William F. Allison.
 * 1912; Glass was re-elected with 72.84% of the vote, defeating Populist James S. Browning and Independents Adon A. Yoder and Jacob Harvey.
 * 1914; Glass was re-elected with 90.72% of the vote, defeating Socialist B.F. Ginther.
 * 1916; Glass was re-elected unopposed.
 * 1918; Glass was re-elected unopposed.
 * 1924; Glass was elected to the Senate.
 * 1930; Glass was re-elected to the Senate.
 * 1936; Glass was re-elected to the Senate.
 * 1942; Glass was re-elected to the Senate.

Family, decline, death

Carter Glass was a Methodist. When he was twenty-eight, Glass married Aurelia McDearmon Caldwell, a school teacher. They had four children. She died of a heart ailment in 1937. Glass remarried in 1940 at the age of 82. His second wife, Mary Scott, was his constant companion as his health began to fail over the next few years. They lived at the Mayflower Hotel Apartments in Washington, D.C. Starting in 1942, Glass began suffering from various age-related illnesses and could not attend Senate meetings after that time. However, he refused to resign from the Senate, despite many requests that he do so, and even kept his committee chairmanship. Many visitors were also kept away from him by his wife.

A confidential 1943 analysis of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee by Isaiah Berlin for the British Foreign Office stated that Glass "'...is very old and frail and something of a legend in the South. The fruit-growing interests of his State make him an opponent of the reciprocal trade pacts, but on all other questions he has loyally supported the President's anti-Isolationist policy. He cannot have many years of active service before him.'"

Glass died of congestive heart failure in Washington, D.C., on May 28, 1946. He is interred at Spring Hill Cemetery in Lynchburg. His fellow sponsor of the Glass-Owen Act, Senator Robert Latham Owen, lies nearby.

Legacy
"Montview", also known as the "Carter Glass Mansion", was built in 1923 on his farm outside of the-then boundaries of Lynchburg in Campbell County. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and now serves as a museum on the grounds of Liberty University. It lies within the expanded city limits of Lynchburg. The front lawn of "Montview" is the burial site of Dr. Jerry Falwell, founder of Liberty University.

The Virginia Department of Transportation's Carter Glass Memorial Bridge was named in his honor in 1949. It carries the Lynchburg bypass of U.S. Route 29, the major north–south highway in the region, across the James River between Lynchburg and Amherst County.

A chair in the Department of Government was created in Glass's honor at Sweet Briar College. It has been held by notable faculty including Dr. Barbara A. Perry.

An administrative building at Harvard Business School was named for Glass in the late 1920s. In 2020, the name Glass was removed from this building due to the efforts by Glass to "strip Black citizens of their voting rights through means such as a poll tax and literacy test — efforts that intentionally disenfranchised Blacks and promulgated segregation, with pernicious and long-lasting effects." In a letter to the Harvard community, Dean Nitin Nohria said, "We therefore cannot allow the Glass name to remain at the School." The building was renamed as Cash House, in honor of James Cash Jr., a distinguished Professor who served at Harvard for 36 years beginning in 1976.

Glass is one of the few Americans to appear on a U.S. coin during his lifetime. As a very prominent citizen of the city of Lynchburg, the 1936 Lynchburg Sesquicentennial commemorative half dollar has his image and name on the obverse. Only 20,000 were minted as they were not intended for regular circulation.

title: Carter Glass


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Quentin Keynes

Quentin George Keynes (17 June 1921 – 26 February 2003) was an explorer, writer, filmmaker, and bibliophile.

Keynes was born in London, the second son of Geoffrey Keynes and his wife Margaret, the daughter of George Howard Darwin who in turn was the son of Charles Darwin, making Keynes Darwin's great-grandson. He was also the nephew of the renowned economist, John Maynard Keynes. His older brother Richard was a physiologist, and younger brothers Milo and Stephen both writers.

Keynes moved to the United States in 1939. Shortly after the Second World War he started his life as an explorer of Africa and sub-equatorial islands of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. He made several films, and wrote several articles for the National Geographic Magazine. He was a member of the Roxburghe Club and collected books principally on the great explorers of the 19th century, but also travel, natural history, including rare and first editions of works by his grandfather Charles Darwin, and modern literature. His collection of rare books and manuscripts was sold by Christie's in a series of four auctions in 2004.

A biography of him was published in 2004 by his nephew, the historian Simon Keynes.

title: Quentin Keynes


text:
DutchBird

DutchBird was a charter airline based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It operated charter services to the Mediterranean, Egypt, Tunisia and the Canary Islands for a number of holiday companies. Its main base was Schiphol Airport.

History
The airline was established in 2000 and started operations on November 22, 2000. It was founded by Hans Mosselman, CEO of Sudtours Travel, and began operations with a Boeing 757 aircraft leased from Condor.

From 2001 to 2003, DutchBird was awarded “The best Dutch charter airline”. DutchBird’s special family oriented service included attractive extras for parents who travel with children. Frequent passengers included conference members, symphony orchestras and footballers of AFC Ajax. DutchBird was the “Official Carrier of Ajax” since September 2002.

On November 25, 2004, ExelAviation Group attempted to purchase DutchBird, but was later cancelled.

All flights were stopped by December 2004 and the airline went under Dutch bankruptcy protection on January 27, 2005.

Fleet

The DutchBird fleet consisted of the following aircraft:

title: DutchBird


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User:TacoJim

TacoJim is Jim Hughes, he's a Whitstable, UK, based software developer, and consultant.

Areas of active interest on Wikipedia
 * Formula One
 * Whitstable
 * Canterbury
 * East Kent
 * Kent

title: User:TacoJim


text: File:Quentin Keynes.jpg

title: File:Quentin Keynes.jpg


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Lindström

Lindström or Lindstrøm is a Scandinavian surname used in the Swedish, Danish and Norwegian languages. In English-speaking countries, the name is commonly spelled as Lindstrom. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Adolf Lindstrøm, Norwegian chef and polar explorer
 * Alec Lindstrom (born 1998), American football player
 * Anders Lindström, Swedish guitarist and pianist
 * Anders Lindström, Swedish Army officer
 * Bengt Lindström Swedish painter
 * Bjarne Lindstrøm, Norwegian diplomat
 * Chris Lindstrom, American football player
 * Claës Lindsström, Swedish vice admiral
 * Curt Lindström, Swedish ice hockey coach
 * Daniel Lindström, Swedish pop singer
 * Daniel Lindström (album)
 * Freddie Lindstrom, American baseball player
 * Frederick B. Lindstrom, American sociologist
 * Fredrik Lindström (writer), Swedish linguist, comedian, film director and presenter
 * Gunnar Lindström (1896–1951), Swedish athlete
 * Gustaf Lindström (1829–1901), Swedish paleontologist
 * Gustav Lindström (born 1998), Swedish ice hockey player
 * Hans-Peter Lindstrøm (born 1973), Norwegian electronic musician, commonly referred to mononymously as Lindstrøm
 * Jesper Lindstrøm (born 2000), Danish footballer
 * Joakim Lindström (born 1983), Swedish ice hockey player
 * Linde Lindström (Mikko Viljami Lindström, born 1976), Finnish lead guitarist of the band HIM
 * Lise Lindstrom, American operatic soprano
 * Liam Lindström, Canadian ice hockey player
 * Marika Lindström, Swedish actress
 * Martin Lindstrom, Danish branding expert and author
 * Matt Lindstrom, American baseball player
 * Mattias Lindström (footballer) (born 1980), Swedish professional football (soccer) player
 * Mattias Lindström (ice hockey) (born 1991), Swedish ice hockey player
 * Mikael Lindström, Swedish diplomat
 * Maurits Lindström (1932–2009), Swedish geologist and paleontologist, specialist of prehistoric fish
 * Morgan Lindstrøm, Norwegian musician and composer
 * Naomi Lindstrom, American literary critic
 * Pär Lindström, Swedish freestyle swimmer
 * Per Lindström, Swedish logician
 * Pia Lindström, American television anchor
 * Rikard Lindström (1882–1943), Swedish painter
 * Rune Lindstrøm, Norwegian musician
 * Shane Lindstrom, American record producer known professionally as Murda Beatz
 * Tuija Lindström, Finnish-Swedish photographer
 * Ulla Lindström, Swedish politician
 * Veli-Matti Lindström, Finnish ski jumper
 * Willy Lindström, Swedish former ice hockey player

Fictional characters

 * Bess Lindstrom, fictional character on The Mary Tyler Moore Show
 * Helen Lindstrom, fictional character in the Venturer Twelve Science Fiction series
 * Lars Lindstrom, main character in the film Lars and the Real Girl
 * Natalie Lindstrom, fictional character in Stephen Woodworth novels
 * Phyllis Lindstrom, fictional character on The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Phyllis

title: Lindström


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Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Wingrovism

I don't want it to be deleted! It's a word from the Myst universe and I and others didn't know what it was before Gadren told us. I put it in here so others can know it too! (sorry if I'm anti-voting for deletion the wrong way)


text:
Talk:Video Ezy

?? and more ??
What is with all the self promotion on this page??? Removed more self promotion

??
I added some criticism of Rascalls, from my own communication with Video Ezy emplyees, that were gone the next day. I agree with the first post in this. Someone please edit and lock this page to avoid further vandelism from VE marketing.

delete this page as the temp has been writen

Blockbuster?
For some reson this page was changed to a mirror version of the Blockbuster article, I reverted it back. Deathawk 22:34, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Video Ezy was not started by Robert Maidment, he bought it from someone else.

Bloody ad
Someone from marketing at Video Ezy wrote this crap. They have taken out all criticism. I am going to seriously edit. Dankru 06:05, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

peacock terms
have been removed, as an employee I can assure everyone that ezyretail most certainly isnt a 'magnificent asset'. I don't even really see the relevance to the article —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.110.129.27 (talk) 13:39, 3 October 2007 (UTC) No, it certainly is not. 203.171.196.234 (talk) 06:49, 28 August 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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Needs a rewrite
The page is old and reads as if video stores are still relevant. Daninbrisvegas (talk) 16:06, 8 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Video Ezy


text:
Talk:Myst canon

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Gavin.collins (talk • contribs) 11:14, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

No Original Research
Can any of the speculation regarding the trap books be cited to an outside source? Original Research is not allowed on Wikipedia. I'm a Myst fan myself, but it isn't appropriate. If anyone can find a link to a quote from someone in the know, like the Millers or Richard Watson, on the true nature of trap and link books, then that can be used as source material. Otherwise, a lot of this stuff needs to go. -Kasreyn 03:56, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Ok, done Pictureuploader 10:34, 29 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Excellent! Thank you.  -Kasreyn 21:44, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

Merge
I've proposed merging D'ni guilds into this article. I suggest we use that page's talk (Talk:D'ni Guilds) for discussion. SFT | Talk 06:56, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Tomahna
The recent edit puts Tomahna on a new age that Atrus wrote. However, as far as I'm aware, Tomahna is in fact on Earth. Can anyone confirm this? --Wolf530 18:11, Jun 24, 2005 (UTC)

 * Tomahna is a place on Earth, in fact near the Cleft, so that puts it in or near Eddy County, New Mexico, USA. Confirmed not only by Uru but also by RAWA. Jordi·✆ 19:01, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Pronunciation and RAWA
I note that this article has a good pronunciation section, but I think it's rather odd that the article says Esher's pronunciation should be disregarded. He is D'ni; doesn't that make his pronunciation the new canon? There are many examples of fictional franchises reported in Wikipedia articles, and in the great majority of cases, when a later offering from the franchise changes something, the new version is considered to be canon. Just go look at the talk pages of some of the Star Trek and Star Wars articles. There are plenty of examples of the franchise doing something that causes embarassment or annoyance for their fans, but that's just the way it works, and the mistake becomes canon.

For instance, the head ridges added to Klingons in the first Star Trek movie caused years of headaches for Star Trek writers in trying to explain; finally they came up with a really hokey explanation that a virus caused Klingons in the original series to have smooth foreheads. Lame!! But that's what has to be done when a franchise's writers don't do their homework. I suspect that the varied pronunciations of D'ni are due to Cyan failing to decide on a pronunciation and communicate this to everyone involved with their franchise. Mistake.

While I have a lot of respect for RAWA, if they didn't want D'ni pronounced Duch-nee', they would have instructed David Ogden-Stiers to pronounce it differently as Esher. I don't even see a source in the article for the RAWA comment, or an explanation of why he is considered a reliable source. (I don't dispute his reliability, but our readers might not know who RAWA is). In fact, we don't even explain the acronym!!

In general, unless we have a concrete statement from Cyan on which pronunciation is canon (and a link to corroborate), we need to assume that the latest chronological offering in the franchise is canon, and therefore Esher's pronunciation must be assumed to be canonical. After all, remember that Atrus and Yeesha were not raised among the D'ni, and their pronunciations, like that of the members of the DRC in Uru, are suspect when compared to an authentic surviving D'ni such as Esher. Kasreyn 19:29, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Read this. In the middle of the page RAWA says that Esher had a speech impediment.--Wizard of Frobozz 21:45, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

RAWA claims that Esher had a speech impediment caused by snake bites which affected only one word and says that stranger things have happened - a tall story if ever there was one.

Further, in the fictional universe of D'ni Rawa is not at all portrayed as an infallible character. RAWA is a 20th/21st century person and Esher an original D'ni who lived before the catastrophy: RAWA is fictionally portrayed as an expert on D'ni culture in an "in-world" fashion, even though Esher is obviously much more related to it. We must realise that modern game developers are toying with the rules of on-line documentation of "canonisation" of elements within their fictional universes. The correct presentation would be that Cyan has portrayed this matter ambigiously and created a quasi-scientific discussion about it. It would be wrong to say that one case was stronger than the other because the same people are responsible for Esher and RAWA. I have tried to get this into the article and also made a comparison to the fictional linguistics of Tolkien. Please edit if you can improve the matter! Sponsianus 18:46, 3 October 2007 (UTC)

Appearance
The D'ni physical characteristics (e.g. delicate bone structure, light sensitivity, and life span) should probably be covered somewhere.
 * I added a short section on "the people". How does it look? (And I've moved this entry to the bottom, to fit the chronology.)Cactus Wren 07:00, 5 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Spoiler Warning! Well, I'm not so sure.  What is the source for this?  Atrus isn't particularly delicate (though he is only 1/4 D'ni), and lifespans of various Myst franchise characters seem to vary wildly.  For instance, Atrus seems to have aged far slower than his own father, despite his father having twice as much D'ni blood - at the end of Myst V, Atrus appears only slightly older than Gehn did in Riven, despite being (from what I calculate) decades, if not a century, older than Gehn was in Riven.  Plus his own sons clearly age more slowly than him - and they're only 1/8 D'ni!  I'm referring here to Sirrus in Myst IV, who appears in cutscenes both before and after his twenty-year imprisonment, and he doesn't age visibly at all (whereas Atrus has visibly aged since Myst).  So if anything can be determined from the games, it is that humans live longer than D'ni - but of course the text canon is the opposite.

 * In general, it appears that the aging issue was thoroughly botched over the course of the Myst franchise, in terms of continuity. I don't know if we should include it.  Kasreyn 00:31, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * There's no specific canonical testimony toward the lifespans of Sirrus, Achenar, or Gehn. We know thanks to Myst V that Yeesha and Atrus are fairly long-lived, in the bicentennial area at least. In the Book of Ti'ana, a D'ni man in his third century is considered very old, and in Uru, as mentioned in the article, it's noted that one less than 25 is considered immature. If the gene(s) responsible for the long D'ni lifespan are dominant, that trait will breed true and we can expect that anyone with D'ni heritage, no matter how thin, will enjoy a similar lifespan. If some of the genes are recessive, then part D'ni would have varying lifespans. Other D'ni traits, like the delicate bones and light sensitivity, could be recessive, which would explain why Atrus appears less frail than his father (note, it's an appearance; D'ni are probably not physically weaker than humans) and why Atrus' children don't need to wear goggles in bright conditions like he does. All of this is, of course, conjectural, but my point is that having the characters age at different rates doesn't necessarily defy logic.

 * It may also be necessary to remember that the fourth generation -- Achenar, Sirrus, and Yeesha -- are all half Rivenese as well. How long the Rivenese live isn't known, but they seem to be longer-lived than surface dwellers:  Katran gave birth, apparently without complications, when she was at least in her mid-fifties.  In the Book of D'ni there's a mention that she is aging "the tiniest bit faster" than Atrus, and a suggestion that he expects to outlive her.  But I think it's possible to regard this last item, at least, as a Wingrovism (Atrus, to his and our knowledge the only surviving person of mixed surface and D'ni heritage, cannot have known at that point what his lifespan might be:  as the article on him points out, in his journal of the writing of Releeshahn he calls himself "an old fool" although he was only in his fifties).  Cactus Wren 07:57, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * One explanation for the disparage might be that a D'ni year does not equal our year. I don't have any sources to confirm this but I seem to remember reading somewhere that the two measurements of time are different accounting for their 300+ D'ni year life spans and over 10,000 year history in the cavern. This could also be explained because of their life in the cavern (not seeing the sun) and their organization of time around the light cycles of the organisms in the lake being on a non 24hr period.

 * Indeed, but many events in the Myst timeline have specific dates in our calendar attached to them. It's known, for instance, that Anna was born in 1694 CE, Gehn in 1736, and Atrus in 1755.  It's known that the Stranger found the Myst book in 1806, and that Yeesha was born ten years after that, when Atrus was sixty-one.  And in End of Ages we learn that Atrus and Yeesha were still alive in 2005.  Cactus Wren 04:45, 9 October 2006 (UTC)
 * In the (I think it was the offical, it was bundled with the 1st game) stratergy guide, the Stranger was described as having a polaroid camera. This sort of suggests that the age wasn't 1806. I suspect that the guide stuffed up it's timelines, but it does make the arguments abuot relative ages of characters confusing. Perhaps a note should be made? I've reread all of these Myst related articles and I still cant tell if the yr 1806 is refering to our modern calander or one linked to a particular game world.Morgrim (talk) 07:30, 17 March 2008 (UTC)

D'ni's location
From what I understand of the article, the d'ni cavern (with the City Proper, the islands, and all of that) has been around for several millenia in what is now New Mexico? If not, the article should be changed to talk more about where the cavern is. Is it its own age? Is it the largest / oldest age to exist? I don't quite understand where the d'ni is located, or about the origins of d'ni (I'm more concerned about the former; I don't know if the series even lets on to the origins of d'ni). --Eptin (talk) 04:55, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

Where's the beef?
Since the Art, Ages and other formerly information-bearing pages about important Myst elements are now just redirects to this page, how about adding something here that tells the reader what they would have learned on those pages? Otherwise there'll be a lot of puzzled Wikireaders following those links expecting to learn what those terms mean in the game. --Noclevername (talk) 18:57, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

I agree. I was going to make a list of Ages for this article. Can someone confirm that this would not get reverted if I got of my lazy caboose and do that? Tojo940 (talk) 04:40, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I would draft the article in userspace first. For a list of Ages to be notable, it would have to have multiple secondary sources talking about the ages. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs ( talk  ) 12:06, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Also check my userspace. I have some of those "Ages of xxx" articles in there. — OranL (talk) 23:46, 21 August 2008 (UTC)

Merger proposal
Since there is no way in hell we can pretty much ever get this article to GA or higher, and because I think it makes more sense there, I'm proposing moving elements of this article to Myst (series). Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs ( talk ) 19:00, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * If you think all the primary points can be condensed then go for it. If you yourself are planning to do the merge I for one would like to see some kind of draft for the new section. Rehevkor ✉  19:18, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * If you have checked as thoroughly as you usually do, then I will believe you that it can't stand on its own, and fully support a merge. Judgesurreal777 (talk) 20:37, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * @Rehevkor: Well, the common elements would talk about the art and linking books, et al (as here), and the about the D'ni-that's really just two paragraphs of info, I don't see much more point of getting into the nebulous "linking books did this in X" stuff that this article is currently full of. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs ( talk  ) 22:51, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I think it makes more sense to be in that article, especially since having a Myst (series) and a Myst canon article always seemed a little redundant to me. It would boost both of these articles' quality if they were merged. This might even give Myst (series) enough information that, once cited and cleaned up, would get the article to FA status. What a great idea! — OranL (talk) 22:46, 4 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Ok if no one has an objection within the next couple of days, I'll merge the pertinent info in to the series article. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs ( talk  ) 00:50, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Myst canon


text:
Democratic Bahujan Samaj Morcha

Democratic Bahujan Samaj Morcha (Democratic Majority Society Front) was a political party in India, based in the state of Punjab. DBSM was formed in 1999 as a break-away from Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) in protest to the alliance of BSP with the Indian National Congress in the state. DBSM was led by Satnam Singh Kainth. DBSM allied themselves with Shiromani Akali Dal and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

In the Lok Sabha elections in 1999 DBSM put up Satnam Singh Kainth as a candidate in Phillaur in Punjab, backed by SAD-BJP. Kainth came second with 236 962 votes (38,61%).

In the state elections in Punjab in 2002 DBSM launched two candidates, backed by SAD-BJP, who got 23 664 (29,86%) and 10 372 votes (13,25%).

DBSM was reunified with BSP in 2004, but important sectors opposed the merger. Those broke away and formed Bharti Lok Lehar Party.

title: Democratic Bahujan Samaj Morcha


text:
Uaithne

In Irish mythology, Uaithne (Úaithne, ) is Dagda's harp, or rather the Dagda's harper, according to a number of modern translators (cf. ).

Attestations
Úaithne figures as the name of Dagda's harper captured by the Fomorians according to the narrative Cath Maige Tuired ("Second Battle of Mag Tuired"). After this battle, Dagda discovered his harp hanging on a wall, in a feasting-house wherein Bres and his father Elathan were also. The harp had two names, Daur Dá Bláo ("Oak of Two Meadows" ) and Cóir Cetharchair ("Four-Angled Music" or perhaps rather "Four-sided Rectitude"). On this harp, the Dagda bound the music so that it would not sound until he would call to it by its names. After he called to it, it sprang from the wall of its own accord, came to the Dagda, and killed nine men on its way.

According to the ("The Cattle-Raid of Fraech"), Úaithne, the Dagda's harper, had three sons by the Bóand of the síthe, and the three sons became harpers themselves, each being named after Úaithne's musical strain, i.e., Goltraige ("weeping-strain"), Gentraige ("laughing-strain") and Súantraige ("sleeping-strain").

The TBF narrative further explains: "The time the woman (Bóand) was at the bearing of children it had a cry of sorrow with the soreness of the pangs at first: it was smile and joy it played in the middle for the pleasure of bringing forth the two sons: it was a sleep of soothingness played the last son, on account of the heaviness of the birth, so that it is from him that the third of the music has been named".

Etymology
Úaithne presumably means "Childbirth".

Úaithne is glossed as "Orpheus" in the Irish Glossaries. The word has multiple meanings beside Dagda's harp.

Úaithne can also mean "concord in music" and Philippe Jouët endorses the interpretation that Dagda's harp indeed means "concordance" or "harmoniousness", which would be consistent with interpreting the byname Cóir Cetharchair as "quadrangular harmony". Jouët also notes that since Uaithne (Uaitniu) could mean "wood", "work", "pillar" or "harmony", those different meanings could be the consequence of successive metaphors.

In popular culture
"An Uaithne" is also the original name of Irish choir Anúna.

Appears in the Symphogear anime series as a relic owned by Carol Malus Dienheim.

title: Uaithne


text:
National Front (French Resistance)

The National Front for an Independent France, better known simply as National Front (Front national or Front national de l'indépendance de la France) was a World War II French Resistance movement created to unite all of the resistance organizations together to fight the Nazi occupation forces and Vichy France under Marshall Pétain.

Founded in 1941 in Paris by French Communist Party (PCF) members Jacques Duclos, André Pican, Pierre Villon, and their wives, they felt that all of the Resistance movements had to band together no matter their party or religion (Jewish or Catholic) to be a vital force against the Nazis, the collaborationists, and the informers. Its name was inspired by the Popular Front, a left-wing coalition that governed France from 1936 to 1938. This helped them coordinate attacks all across France; to move weapons, food, false identity papers, information and food; protect and move people who were to be arrested or executed; and supply multiple safe houses for the Resistance and for Jews. In 1942, they formed fighting units to assassinate German leaders and soldiers among the occupation forces; perform acts of sabotage on railroads and other transportation infrastructure being used to transport people and goods being taken from France to Germany; and to help organize sabotage in factories forced to produce armaments and goods for the German military.

Political front of the FTP
The National Front (FN) was destined to be the "political representative" of the armed force called the Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP). It engaged mainly in propaganda, editing reviews, fabricating false identity documents, supporting clandestine organizations logistically, and sabotaging German and Vichy facilities and capabilities. It was a member of the Conseil national de la Résistance (CNR), which federated, under Jean Moulin's authority, various Resistance movements, beginning in the middle of 1943.

Led by Pierre Villon, it then extended itself to Catholics and other religious resistants. Pierre Villon stated: "The FN is the only movement where we have finally reconciled the parish priest (curé) and the teacher, the Parti Social Français and the Communist, and the Radical with the Socialist." Various specialized professional organizations were created under the authority of the Front National (the workers' Front National, the peasants' Front National, the lawyers' Front National, the doctors' Front National, the women's Front National, etc.). After the invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, L'Humanité, in its issues of July 2 and July 7, wrote: "Unite yourself, refuse to serve under fascism!" At that time, the FTP armed wing had already been active since 1941, but the Resistance quickly expanded itself during 1942 and 1943. The French population's morale improved as the difficulties faced by the Wehrmacht increased, in particular during the protracted Battle of Stalingrad. The 4 September 1942 Law on the STO (Service du travail obligatoire), signed by Pierre Laval, the head of government in the Vichy régime, proposed to exchange one prisoner-of-war for three Frenchmen to go to work in Nazi Germany. This was an important cause of the Resistance's dramatic increase in numbers, inspiring many young male adults to stand up and volunteer for the Maquis.

At the time of the liberation of Paris, after the deportation and death of many of the members of the original clandestine leadership, the FN resistance movement counted such figures as Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Pierre Villon, Henri Wallon, Laurent Casanova, François Mauriac, and Louis Aragon among its members.

Legal ownership of the name, "Front National"
A juridical battle between the far-right Front National and Bruno Mégret's splinter party, the National Republican Movement (MNR), for the name, "Front national," in December 1998 and January 1999, prompted the satirical newspaper, Charlie Hebdo, to outrace both by deposing at the National Industrial Property Institute (INPI), the national institute in charge of trademarks, the term "Front National," in order to give its juridical ownership back to the original Resistance movement of that name. Thus, the World War II resisters, the Front National, is once again the only movement legally entitled to be named "Front National.".

Publications
The National Front published numerous national and local clandestine newspapers and flyers. From the spring of 1943 to the Liberation, 79 publications were published. In 1944–1945 they published, according to an internal French Communist Party (PCF) source, "Seventeen dailies, one million sales. three weeklies: La Marseillaise (Île-de-France), France d'abord, Action. Five literary weeklies, 35 periodicals (weeklies) in the provinces.".

Among them, were:
 * Les Lettres Françaises
 * Review of French writers assembled in the Comité national des écrivains. Founded in October 1941 by Jacques Decour and Jean Paulhan, 25 issues were published. Les Lettres Françaises appeared after Liberation, until 1972.

 * L’École laïque (1941) ;
 * La Terre (newspaper), rural life. Created in 1937, it went underground during the occupation.
 * Le Médecin français (March 1941) headed by Doctor Raymond Leibovici ;
 * Musiciens d’Aujourd’hui (1942), a clandestine paper printed in 2500 copies, for which André Fougeron created the model, which became Le Musicien d’Aujourd’hui when it merged with the Lettres françaises;
 * L’Université libre (104 issues, from November 1940 o October 1944), headed by Georges Politzer, Jacques Solomon (son-in-law of Paul Langevin) and Jacques Decour ;
 * L'Écran français (1943);
 * Le Palais libre (1943), of the Front national des juristes;
 * L’Étudiant patriote (1941);
 * Le Lycéen patriote, organ of the National Front of lycée, college, and technical school students. (1944);
 * Les Allobroges (1942), région Isère-Hautes Alpes; became a daly at Liberation;
 * Front National, Parisian newspaper, a daily starting in August 1944, directed by Jacques Debû-Bridel;
 * La Marseillaise (newspaper), in Marseille; a daily at Liberation;
 * La Marseillaise de l'Essonne;
 * Le Patriote d'Ajaccio, organ of the National Front in Corsica;
 * Le Patriote, National Front newspaper in Lyon;
 * Le Patriote de Saint-Étienne, organ of the National Front of the Loire;
 * Le Patriote du Sud-Ouest, organ of the National Front in Toulouse; a daily at Liberation, its director was then André Wurmser and was among its young coworkers Pierre Gamarra;
 * Le Patriote Côte d'Azur; a daily at Liberation;
 * L'Écho du Centre, in Limoges; a daily at Liberation.

They also published books and brochures, such as a book about the Oradour-sur-Glane massacre.

title: National Front (French Resistance)


text:
Moxon's Master

"Moxon's Master" is a short story by American writer Ambrose Bierce, which speculates on the nature of life and intelligence. It describes a chess-playing automaton that murders its creator. First published in The San Francisco Examiner on April 16, 1899, it is one of the first descriptions of a robot in English-language literature written much before the word 'robot' came to be used. The story was included in the 1910 edition of the short story anthology Can Such Things Be?.

Plot summary
The master, Moxon, who creates a chess-playing automaton, boasts to the narrator that even though machines have no brains, they can still think and demonstrate intelligence or mind and therefore should be treated just like men of flesh and blood. After a thorough discussion about what it means to "think" and what is the nature of "intelligence", the narrator leaves Moxon's house in confusion.

The narrator returns to Moxon's house later in the midst of a rainstorm to learn more. He enters secretly and finds Moxon playing chess with an automaton. Moxon wins the game. This agitates the automaton who kills him in a fit of rage. Lightning strikes the room. The house is engulfed in flames. The narrator loses consciousness.

The narrator wakes up in a hospital room where Haley, Moxon's servant, tells him that he saved him from imminent death. Haley corroborates the details. Nevertheless, the narrator questions whether what he saw was real.

Analysis
Moxon declares that intelligence is endemic in all inanimate and animate objects. This is a theory known as panpsychism. The ancient Greek philosopher Thales and William James espoused this view. Mind is inherent in all of the universe and in being.

The story alludes to Johann Maelzel's chess player, an automaton who was able to challenge humans to chess matches. The device had been invented by Wolfgang von Kempelen. The "red fez" in the story is a reference to this figure, known as the Turk. Edgar Allan Poe had written an analysis of the chess-playing automaton in 1836, "Maelzel's Chess Player", offering an explanation of how the illusion was accomplished.

The main theme of the story is not only whether machines can think as we know it, but whether they can equal or even excel human beings. Can the automaton think because he has intelligence and can play a game developed by humans such as chess? Moxon argues that he can. Moreover, the automaton is angry and becomes homicidal after he loses. These are emotions typically ascribed to human beings. This is the unknown or X-Factor in the story. By thinking, does the automaton also acquire other traits, such as emotions? Like in humans, do these render the automaton as someone who has free will and who is unpredictable?

Finally, the title suggests that the automaton is the "master", not Moxon. This raises the question of whether the automaton's intelligence can potentially become superior to that of its maker, the human, Moxon. This is the future danger alluded to in the story. The automaton becomes the master of the man.

title: Moxon's Master


text:
Ormonde Castle

Ormond Castle (Caisleán Urmhumhan) is a castle on the River Suir on the east side of Carrick-on-Suir, County Tipperary, Ireland. The oldest part of the existing castle is a mid-15th century walled bawn, cornered on the northeast and northwest by towers.

History of Ormonde Castle
Built before 1315, the original castle was acquired that year by the Butler Family after it was taken from the Wall Family. James Butler would eventually be granted the title 1st Earl of Ormond.

The manor house
Sometime after 1565, Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormonde, spent many years at the court of his cousin, through Anne Boleyn, Queen Elizabeth I. He carried from England a regard for Elizabethan-style architecture, and added a Tudor manor house to the property, the first of its kind in Ireland.

The manor house is also important to the Elizabethan era martyrology of the strictly illegal and underground Catholic Church in Ireland. While staying in Ormonde Castle as a guest of Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond, Archbishop Dermot O'Hurley, who would become one of the most celebrated of the 24 formally recognized Irish Catholic Martyrs, was met there by his former host, Baron Slane, in September 1583. The Baron explained the imminent danger to both himself and his family and in return, the Archbishop voluntarily agreed to travel with him and surrender at Dublin Castle.

Meanwhile, despite his own militant Protestantism, the Earl of Ormonde was greatly offended and distressed at the trickery used in the arrest of a guest in his house, and afterwards he did everything he could in vain to rescue Archbishop O'Hurley from the executioners.

In the 17th century the house was a favourite residence for James Butler, the 'Great Duke of Ormonde,' but the Butlers abandoned the home after James' death in 1688. The home remained a possession of the Butler family until the mid-20th century. In 1947 the house was given over to Irish State agencies who restored the historic structures.

The manor house is enhanced by the mullioned windows on both floors to the front and the oriel windows of the porch in the centre of the facade. The gallery on the first floor features two carved stone chimney pieces and a ceiling and frieze of Elizabethan plaster-work.

The U-shape of the manor house surrounds a small courtyard that abuts the north of the castle's bawn. The manor has two floors and a gabled attic.

The most notable restoration achievement was that of the long gallery on the first floor of the facade, where the ceiling had largely collapsed. This room, once hung with tapestries, has a magnificent limestone fireplace bearing the date 1565, and has stucco representations of Queen Elizabeth flanked by Equity and Justice. It is said that she had promised her cousin that she would one day visit.

Namesake in the United States

 * Ormond Plantation House in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana — named Ormond by Colonel Richard Butler, the owner from 1805 to 1819

title: Ormonde Castle


text:
Patricia Wrede

Patricia Collins Wrede (born March 27, 1953) is an American author of fantasy literature. She is known for her Enchanted Forest Chronicles series for young adults, which was voted number 84 in NPR's 100 Best-Ever Teen Novels list.

Career
Wrede graduated from Carleton College in 1974 with a BA in biology and obtained an MBA from the University of Minnesota in 1977. She finished her first book in 1978 while working as an accountant and financial analyst. She was a founding member of The Scribblies, along with Pamela Dean, Emma Bull, Will Shetterly, Steven Brust and Nate Bucklin, in January 1980, "to which [she] belonged for five extremely productive years." She sold her first book to Ace in April 1980 and it was published in 1982. In the fall of 1980, Wrede met Lillian Stewart Carl, who introduced her to Lois McMaster Bujold. In 1985, shortly before her fifth book was published, she became a full-time writer. She is a member of the Liavek shared-world anthology.

In 2009, Wrede donated her archive to the department of Rare Books and Special Collections at Northern Illinois University.

Lois McMaster Bujold credits the support of Wrede and Lillian Stewart Carl for allowing Bujold to finish her first novel: "These friendships were lifelines in every sense".

Personal life
She was born in Chicago, Illinois, on March 27, 1953, to David Merrill and Monica Marie Collins. She is the eldest of five siblings. As a child, Wrede was a voracious reader and recalls "I don't think I ever read anything only once." She loved to tell stories to her family and friends and began writing in the seventh grade with much support from her parents. Patricia and James Wrede were married in 1976; they divorced in 1991. She is a vegetarian and lives in the Twin Cities with two cats.

Lyra
These books are all stand alone stories that are loosely connected and share a common setting on a world named Lyra. They are listed here in order of publication.
 * 1) Shadow Magic (1982)
 * 2) Daughter of Witches (1983)
 * 3) The Harp of Imach Thyssel (1985)
 * 4) Caught in Crystal (1987)
 * 5) The Raven Ring (1994)
 * Shadows over Lyra (omnibus edition containing Shadow Magic, Daughter of Witches, and The Harp of Imach Thyssel as well as two shorter pieces titled Perspectives on Early Lyran History: A Monograph and Timeline of Lyran History) (1997) (Illustrated by Anne Yvonne Gilbert)

The actual chronological order of the books is Caught in Crystal, The Raven Ring, Shadow Magic, Daughter of Witches, and The Harp of Imach Thyssel. The last three are set in the same time period but different nations while the first two are spaced widely apart chronologically and happen well before the events of the last three. A timeline and short world history at the end of Shadows over Lyra ties everything together and answers a lot of questions.

The omnibus edition of Shadow Magic is a revised one; the writing is significantly different from that in the original, and reflects her greater experience as a writer. It seems that Wrede rewrote the story for the omnibus, but this is not actually noted anywhere in the book itself.

The Enchanted Forest Chronicles
This series features Princess Cimorene, as she becomes a dragon's princess, rescues said dragon, falls in love, and ultimately saves the enchanted forest.

 * 1) Dealing with Dragons (1990)
 * 2) Searching for Dragons (1991)
 * 3) Calling on Dragons (1993)
 * 4) Talking to Dragons (1985, revised 1995)
 * Enchanted Forest Chronicles (1995) (omnibus edition containing all four novels)

Cecelia and Kate
with Caroline Stevermer

The authors tell these stories from the first-person perspectives of cousins Kate and Cecelia (and, in the third book, two additional characters), who recount their adventures in magic and polite society. These works are unusual in modern fiction in being epistolary novels, written using the style of the letter game.

 * 1) Sorcery and Cecelia or The Enchanted Chocolate Pot: Being the Correspondence of Two Young Ladies of Quality Regarding Various Magical Scandals in London and the Country (1988, reprinted 2003)
 * 2) The Grand Tour or The Purloined Coronation Regalia: Being a Revelation of Matters of High Confidentiality and Greatest Importance, Including Extracts from the Intimate Diary of a Noblewoman and the Sworn Testimony of a Lady of Quality (2004)
 * 3) The Mislaid Magician or Ten Years After: Being the Private Correspondence Between Two Prominent Families Regarding a Scandal Touching the Highest Levels of Government and the Security of the Realm (2006)
 * Magic Below Stairs (2010). This installment was written by Caroline Stevermer alone and is set in the same universe.  Although published in 2010, the events take place after The Grand Tour but before The Mislaid Magician. It follows the character of Frederick Lincoln as a child in the house of the Schofields.
 * Magicians of Quality (2005) (omnibus edition containing Sorcery and Cecelia and The Grand Tour).

Magic and Malice
"Mairelon" is a gentleman wizard with unusual talents, and Kim is his streetwise protégée. Together, they foil plots and generally get into trouble. From a reference to the date being thirty years since the Terror, the novels take place about 1823, during the Regency era in its broader sense; however, the author has personally stated that the events of Magician's Ward take place in 1818.
 * 1) Mairelon the Magician (1991)
 * 2) Magician's Ward (1997)
 * Magic & Malice (1999) (hardcover omnibus edition containing both novels)
 * A Matter of Magic (2010) (trade paperback omnibus edition containing both novels).

Frontier Magic
A trilogy narrated by Eff Rothmer, the "thirteenth child" of the opening book title. Book One covers her childhood, from the age of five (when her parents move west to the edge of the expanding American frontier) to shortly after her eighteenth birthday. Books Two and Three deal with an adult Eff's work as an explorer, scientist, and magician beyond the edge of the frontier.

 * 1) Thirteenth Child (2009)
 * 2) Across the Great Barrier (2011)
 * 3) The Far West (2012)

Others

 * The Seven Towers (1984)
 * Snow White and Rose Red (1989)
 * Book of Enchantments (1996)
 * Star Wars, Episode I – The Phantom Menace (Jr. Novelization) (1999)
 * Star Wars, Episode II – Attack of the Clones (Jr. Novelization) (2002)
 * Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (Jr. Novelization) (2005)
 * The Dark Lord's Daughter (2023)

The Seven Towers is a stand-alone fantasy novel. Snow White and Rose Red is a fairytale fantasy, being a retelling of the Brothers Grimm fairy tale "Snow White and Rose Red" (not "Snow White") set in Elizabethan England, and including elements of the Thomas the Rhymer ballad as well.

title: Patricia Wrede


text:
Balloon debate

A balloon debate is a debate in which a number of speakers attempt to win the approval of an audience. The audience is invited to imagine that the speakers are flying in a hot-air balloon which is sinking and that someone must be thrown out if everyone is not to die.

Each speaker has to make the case why they should not be thrown out of the balloon to save the remainder. Typically each participant speaks on behalf of a famous person, profession, fictional character, etc. Other perilous situations may take the place of the sinking balloon, for example, a shipwrecked raft, or a nuclear bunker.

The balloon debate style appears in the Big Brother reality television series where contestants must make a case for them not being thrown out.

It is often used to build argumentative skills in preparation for Speech and Debate activities such as public forum, policy debate and Lincoln-Douglas.

title: Balloon debate


text:
Compton, Wolverhampton

Compton is a suburb of Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England. It is located to the west of Wolverhampton city centre on the A454, within the Tettenhall Wightwick ward.

History
Compton sits nestled below the ridge that stretches south west from Aldersley, with some of its housing climbing the steep hill near 'The Holloway' on the climb towards Tettenhall Wood. Across the Smestow valley the terrain rises again in the direction of Finchfield. The valley here through which the Smestow Brook flows was formed as a glacial meltwater channel. The area was quarried for its sandstone.

Its place name reflects its position - first recorded in the Domesday book of 1086 as 'Contone', from Old English cumb - a narrow valley or deep hollow ('cumb' is likely a continuation in use or a loan word from Brythonic cwm (Welsh) or cum (Cornish), meaning 'valley'), and Old English tūn - a farmstead or fenced place.

Compton Lock on the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal was the starting point in 1766 for the construction of the canal under James Brindley.

In the late 19th-early 20th century, Compton was home of a distinguished local artist Joseph Vickers de Ville (1856–1925). It was during this time that the still-existing terraced housing was built along Henwood Road near the Bridgnorth Road junction.

Today
Today, the quarrying has stopped, and housing estates have been constructed along the side of the valley. Much of the area was built in the latter half of the 20th century, though Compton does retain some of its older buildings such as several houses on The Holloway. At present, Compton Park campus is one of two Business Schools of the University of Wolverhampton; the other is in Telford. The Sir Jack Hayward Training Ground of Wolverhampton Wanderers football club is in Compton Park.

Next to the Sir Jack Hayward training ground is St Edmund's Catholic Academy and opposite is St Peter's Collegiate Academy.

Compton has several shops, take-aways, restaurants and pubs. The nearest railway station today is Wolverhampton but Compton had its own station, Compton Halt, on the Wombourne Branch Line from 1925 - 1932. The line remained open for freight until closure in 1965. The line now forms part of a railway walk. Compton has a frequent bus service 10/10A connecting Compton with Perton and Wolverhampton while less direct services 62/62A connect to Wolverhampton via Tettenhall and Dunstall Hill. These services are operated by National Express West Midlands while Arriva Midlands service 9 operates hourly Mon-Sat between Wolverhampton and Bridgnorth.

title: Compton, Wolverhampton


text:
Talk:WordPress

Future edit request: WordPress 5.6 description
When WordPress version 5.6 is added to the page, add the following description:

"New default theme "Twenty Twenty-One," Gutenberg enhancements, automatic updates for core releases, increased support for PHP 8, application passwords for REST API authentication, improved accessibility."

Can someone update the toolbox on the right side to 5.9.3?
I tried doing it but I did not do it correctly I guess. 5.9.3. came out April 5, 2022. MiroslavGlavic (talk) 22:23, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

 * I just checked now...5.9.3 is showing. Woohoooooooooooooooooo.
 * If anyone knows how come the update was not right away? I was logged in...........I would be curious if anyone knows the answer.
 * MiroslavGlavic (talk) 22:45, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

Release dates are wrong?
2.0 December 31, 2005 according to Wikipedia WordPress.org says 2.0 September 24, 2007.

2.9 December 19, 2009 vs December 18, 2009

etc...Source: https://wordpress.org/download/releases

MiroslavGlavic (talk) 11:32, 10 May 2022 (UTC)

About the name
WordPress.org is mostly confused with WordPress.com, which as we know are two different services, then the best is to rename the article as WordPress.org. Machibito (talk) 01:27, 10 September 2022 (UTC)

 * @Machibito: Wordpress.org is a redirect to this page. There are only 13 visits through that redirect in the last 90 days, which may indicate that people aren't coming through the redirect (though inwiki searches for WordPress.org will show this article not the redirect). Additionally, the hatnotes on both pages should suffice in directing readers to the article they want. Given that this is a highly trafficked page, do open a requested move discussion if you wish to nominate the move. – robertsky (talk) 04:08, 18 September 2022 (UTC)

Dead Link update.
There is a dead link (151) for the trademark transfer to the non-profit in 2010. There is a reasonable article from 2022 discussing this at https://skybrant.com/journey-of-the-wordpress-website-trademark/ Linuxboytoo (talk) 03:34, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:WordPress