text:
The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons

"The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons" is the seventh episode of the ninth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 16, 1997. It was written by Richard Appel and directed by Steven Dean Moore. The episode sees Apu Nahasapeemapetilon marry Manjula, and incorporates several aspects of Hindu wedding ceremonies, which the writers researched during the episode's production. Appel pitched the episode several years before season nine but the idea was not used until Mike Scully became showrunner. The episode's subplot, which sees Homer stay at the Springfield Retirement Castle, was initially conceived as a separate episode, but could not be developed in enough detail. The episode received positive reviews.

Plot
At a bachelor auction, the available bachelors on display are deemed undesirable, and the auction generates no money at all. Marge then nominates Apu, who is deemed a success by the women at the auction. He goes out on dates with many of the town's women, and begins to enjoy his bachelor lifestyle. However, he receives a letter from his mother in India, reminding him of his arranged marriage to Manjula, the daughter of a family friend. Not wanting to get married, Apu asks Homer for advice, who suggests Apu tell his mother that he is already married. Days later, Apu thinks that he has escaped the marriage until he sees his mother walking towards the Kwik-E-Mart. To cover him, Homer tells Apu to pretend that Marge is his wife.

At the Simpson residence, Marge disapproves of the plan, but decides to do it for Apu's sake. While the plan is underway Homer decides to stay in the Springfield Retirement Castle with his father, posing as resident Cornelius Talmadge. Homer enjoys his stay at the home immensely, until the real Cornelius returns, at which point he flees. He returns home and gets into bed with Marge. Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilon enters to say goodbye, but is shocked to see Marge in bed with another man, and Apu on the floor. Tired of the whole charade, Marge forces Apu to tell his mother the truth, who declares that the arranged marriage will proceed as planned.

The wedding is held in the Simpsons' backyard, but Apu still has second thoughts about it. However, when he sees Manjula for the first time in years, he is shocked by her beauty and wit, and feels less reluctant. The pair then decide that perhaps the marriage can work after all. Homer, poorly disguised as Ganesha, tries to stop the wedding but is chased off by one of Apu's relatives.

Production
Writer Richard Appel pitched "The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons" at a story retreat several years before the ninth season, but it could not be fitted into a season at that point. Mike Scully liked the idea and so decided to use it in his first season as showrunner. Homer's subplot at the retirement home was an idea that Scully had had for a long time. The plot could not be sustained for a whole episode, so it was fitted into this one.

The bachelor auction was created solely to provide more evidence that Apu was the best bachelor in Springfield. Appel found that the scene "wrote itself", as every other man in Springfield is essentially a loser compared to Apu. The scene acted as the episode's opening set piece, a concept that Scully liked to use in every episode. The montage of Apu getting several different hair styles originally included three more, but they ended up being cut for time. The shot in which Apu's mother falls to the ground, a joke that the staff love, was inspired by an incident when Moore saw a man fall in much the same way. The joke was only inserted to buy Apu and Homer more time to come up with a lie. Homer writing "Where are the sticky buns" on a sheet of paper after Apu asks him for advice is one of Mike Scully's favorite jokes. Before the wedding, Bart fuels a "sacred fire" with pages from a hymn book. Originally, he used pages from the Bible, but after the scene had been animated, Scully found the joke "horrible" and changed the book title to "Hymns".

Andrea Martin provided the voice of Apu's mother, recording her part in New York City. She wanted to get the voice perfect, so in between takes she listened to tapes of Hank Azaria reading lines for Apu, to make sure her voice could realistically be Apu's mother's. During the flashback to Apu's childhood, the animators made sure not to show Manjula, as they wished to reveal her at the end of the episode.

The staff researched arranged Hindu marriages, learning about ideas such as the lotus flower being used as a message, but a majority of the information turned out "not to be as hilarious [as the writers] had hoped", and so was dropped. Steven Dean Moore, the episode's director, researched the design of every aspect of Indian culture shown in the episode. The events of the wedding, as well as many of the items present, were all taken from traditional Hindu marriage ceremonies.

Cultural references
The instrumental accompanying Barney in the bachelor raffle is "My Guy" by Mary Wells. The Foreigner song "Hot Blooded" plays over Apu's bachelor binge, and he dances in a manner similar to Riverdance. An Indian version of The Carpenters' song "(They Long to Be) Close to You" is sung at the wedding; an Indian vocal group was hired to sing, while Alf Clausen wrote the instrumental part.

During Apu's bachelor binge, he gets a haircut at the barbershop "Hairy Shearers", a reference to cast member Harry Shearer. The scene where Moe walks on and off the stage without breaking his stride was loosely based on a moment that occurred during a stand up show of comedian Redd Foxx. During a show in Las Vegas, Foxx came on stage to the Sanford and Son theme song, only to find that there were only a few people in the audience. Foxx reacted angrily, and refused to do a show for such a small audience. He then walked off stage. The house orchestra, puzzled by Foxx leaving, simply played him off with the Sanford and Son theme song again. This incident was also referenced in the later episode "Trash of the Titans", when Ray Patterson is reinstated, although the reference is more similar to the real event.

Reception
In its original broadcast, "The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons" finished 22nd in ratings for the week of November 10–16, 1997, with a Nielsen rating of 11.6, equivalent to approximately 11.4 million viewing households. It was the third highest-rated show on the Fox network that week, following The X-Files and King of the Hill. Todd Gilchrist of IGN named the episode one of his favorites of the ninth season in his review of the DVD boxset, while Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, the authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, called it "a good fun episode".

title: The Two Mrs. Nahasapeemapetilons


text:
User talk:AlexG

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

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Sam [Spade] 18:04, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

TextPad tool
Hi Alex. Your TextPad clip library looks useful. You might want to document it at Meta and add it to the MediaWiki tools category so more people know about it. Angela. 19:22, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC)

ISBN bug
Hi Alex. In clearing old sections from the village pump, I noticed you said "Perhaps this should be reported as a MediaWiki bug, but I don't know how to do that" in the Shipping Forecast section. There are instructions on this Bug reports. All bugs are reported at. Angela. 14:34, Sep 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the tip; looks like User:Kate has already fixed that problem. AlexG 15:55, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

George Fox
I just thought you'd like to know: I nominated George Fox as a featured article candidate. That's some impressive work you did there. Quadell (talk) 03:23, Sep 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much! I'm amazed that it only took two hours between my last major edit and your FAC nomination: Wikipedia works fast. --AlexG 11:45, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Re:Earth (Foundation universe)
I confess, I have not actually read the material from which these events come. I found it on a website that I found to be very meticulous and not at all frivolous, so I trusted its information, and picked a number of relevant fictional dates in Earth history. Unfortunately, its references are somewhat lacking, so I can't provide them. But there are a large number of obscure books floating around; after all, Asimov wrote several hundred. I can find some references to the Yoshida-Lefebre expedition, but the Prometheus seems quite obscure (only one English-language hit), so I'll try to investigate further. Cheers, • → Iñgólemo  ←•  02:56, 2004 Sep 13 (UTC)
 * Could have been fanfiction yes; but I doubt it. The website that I got the information seems to be exclusively Asimov.  The list of planets has no planet described in the Second Foundation series (example: Panucopia, Sarossa), or from the Caliban series (example: the Spacer world Inferno).  I haven't scrutinised the timeline to heavily, but it probably follows the same Asimov-only patern.   •  →  Iñgólemo  ←•  18:35, 2004 Sep 14 (UTC)

Combinatorial species

 * F.H + G.K

 * F·H + G·K

I wonder if the second of the two displays above may be closer to what you intended? Michael Hardy 03:20, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Oooh, that's very nice! I didn't know about &middot;. I've updated Combinatorial species to use this (and \cdot in TeX) instead of ".". Thanks for \varnothing as well, which I agree is better than \emptyset. AlexG 20:25, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Vampire watermelon
Hi, AlexG. Vampire watermelon was vandalized again today. As far as I can tell from reviewing its talk page, the question of whether or not the legend is a hoax hangs mostly on the contents of some papers you were waiting to receive from the British Library. Have you received them yet? It's been two months. I'm sure all concerned are eager to have this issue settled one way or the other. —Triskaideka 18:55, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Hello, I just came across this page too. (It's been linked on memepool.) I'm also wondering if you've gotten those papers from the British Library yet. If you haven't yet, I can go look up the JGLS at my Uni library. I've already checked that we have it, and it's all in microfilm, it seems. mako 21:20, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry for my lateness in replying; I've been away for a few days. I'm afraid the British Library has failed to send me anything... my faith in them is severely dented. Mako, if you could find the relevant documents that would be superb and you would have my undying gratitude. I would really like to get this page sorted out. Thanks also to Triskaideka for watching out for vandalism—from the language, it looks to be Andrew Heenan again. AlexG 18:14, 12 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I went to the library this afternoon, and the naysayers are going to be mighty disappointed. One section of Vukanovic's article covers "Vampires of Vegetable Origin"; the next covers "Vampires originating from Agricultural Tools".  Mention is made of pumpkins and watermelons, their transformation, and methods of destruction. Also, this belief is held by "Moslem Gypsies", and the date of Christmas is mentioned. I'll make scans of my copies ASAP. (I didn't need to bother with microfilm, as the hard copies are still on the shelf.)

 * My library also has a copy of Perkowski's Vampires of the Slavs. This book is actually a compilation of articles by various authors, and in fact reprints Vukanovic's piece in its entirety. While I was at the library I felt compelled to look for any earlier references to vegetal vampirism.  A cursory search found a 1914 work (Dudley Wright's Vampires and Vampirism), but it focused on human vampirism and associated sensational tales. All of the scholarly-type accounts appear to be written in Czech.  - mako 02:46, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * This is magnificent work, mako! Well done, and thank you so much for your effort. I will be very interested to see what Vukanovic actually said. AlexG 19:10, 20 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm working on putting together a page for the scans. You'll be able to find them here.  The rewrite is all yours; have fun! - mako 07:39, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Category:UK Wikipedians
Hi, just to let you know that the list of UK participants at the UK notice board was getting rather long, so I have replaced it with the above category which I have added to your user page. -- Francs2000 | Talk 30 June 2005 18:35 (UTC)

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File:Wikipedia syntax and templates.TCL listed for discussion
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Nomination of Matrix unit for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Matrix unit is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Matrix unit until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. The entry matrix unit was created by you with no references to any sources, and it continues being that way after more than a dozen of years. I can't find any references to matrix unit on the Internet either. That is except this page, which presents a different concept to the one decribed in the wikipedia entry. Also, either one of those concepts seems quite obscure in my opinion. I proposed this page for deletion. If you have a valid source please add it to the entry. Thank you! Mojoline (talk) 15:48, 11 November 2021 (UTC)

FAR for George Fox
I have nominated George Fox for a featured article review here. Please join the discussion on whether this article meets featured article criteria. Articles are typically reviewed for two weeks. If substantial concerns are not addressed during the review period, the article will be moved to the Featured Article Removal Candidates list for a further period, where editors may declare "Keep" or "Delist" the article's featured status. The instructions for the review process are here. (t · c)  buidhe  21:56, 21 January 2022 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:AlexG


text:
User talk:Becquerel

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

title: User talk:Becquerel


text:
User talk:Joshcui23

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
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Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 18:05, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joshcui23


text:
Andrew Keir

Andrew Keir (né Buggy, 3 April 1926 – 5 October 1997) was a Scottish actor who appeared in a number of films made by Hammer Film Productions in the 1960s. He was also active in television, and especially in the theatre, in a professional career that lasted from the 1940s to the 1990s.

He starred as Professor Bernard Quatermass in Hammer's film version of Quatermass and the Pit (1967). He also appeared in the big screen version of the Doctor Who story The Dalek Invasion of Earth, Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. (1966). He originated the role of Thomas Cromwell in Robert Bolt's play A Man for All Seasons (1960).

His obituary in The Times described him as possessing "considerable range and undeniable distinction."

Early life and career
Keir was born in Shotts, Lanarkshire, Scotland. He was the son of a coal miner, and had five brothers and one sister. At 14, he left school to work down the coal mine alongside his father. He started acting by chance, when he went to meet a friend at the Miners' Welfare Hall, and one member of the cast of an amateur dramatics production being performed at the Hall had failed to turn up. Keir was persuaded to take the minor role of a farmer in the play, and enjoyed the experience so much that he later became a regular in the group's performances.

The group entered a competition in Inverness, where Keir's talent was spotted and he was offered the chance to become a professional actor at the Unity Theatre in Glasgow. Since this was after the start of the Second World War, he could not easily leave his occupation as a miner; he was only able to accept the offer after he obtained a medical diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, which freed him from his work in the mine.

After a few months at the Unity Theatre, he was offered a place at Glasgow's Citizens' Theatre by director Tyrone Guthrie. He accepted, and remained with the Citizens Theatre company for nine years. At the Citizens', he was a contemporary of Phyllida Law and Fulton Mackay; Keir and Mackay used to escort Law from the theatre to the local tram stop so that she would not be accosted by local gangs because of the English accent that she had developed at drama school.

Keir made his film debut in 1950 in The Lady Craved Excitement, and performed in his first major screen role in The Brave Don't Cry (1952). The film concerned the rescue of a group of miners trapped underground after an accident in the pit, with Keir playing a miner who places a bet on a horse race via the mine's telephone system while trapped; he was given the final line of dialogue, as he emerges from the pit following his rescue and asks who won the race.

Major film and theatre roles
He began to win increasingly prominent film roles throughout the course of the 1950s, appearing in the Ealing comedy The Maggie (1954) and the Titanic film A Night to Remember (1958), in which he portrayed 2nd Engineer John Henry Hesketh He played Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa in the 1963 Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor vehicle Cleopatra.

Keir also continued to act on the stage. He played Robert Burns in the pageant I, Robert Burns in 1959, celebrating the 200th anniversary of the birth of the poet. In 1960 Keir initiated the role of Thomas Cromwell in the original theatrical production of Robert Bolt's play A Man for All Seasons. Keir's performance in this part was praised by The Times as being "an arresting figure". In 1964, he was a member of the original West End cast of Lionel Bart's musical Maggie May, playing the trade union leader.

He had first appeared on television on the BBC in the early 1950s, and through that decade and into the 1960s continued to make guest appearances in a range of programmes, including Danger Man, Dr Finlay's Casebook, The Avengers and Z Cars. He appeared in a 1968 episode of the ITV series, The Saint. However, it was in films where he became most prominent during the 1960s and early 1970s, particularly in Hammer's famous range of "Hammer Horror" productions. He appeared in Pirates of Blood River (1962), Dracula: Prince of Darkness (1966), The Viking Queen (1967) and Blood from the Mummy's Tomb (1971). By far his most prominent role for Hammer came in 1967's Quatermass and the Pit; this remained one of Keir's personal favourite roles of his career, and his obituary in The Independent claimed that "Keir's mixture of gruff determination, intelligence and quirkiness made him the definitive professor."

In 1966, Keir joined the cast list of the second Doctor Who big screen adventure, Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D., alongside Peter Cushing.

Later career
Keir continued to appear on screen throughout the 1970s and 80s, in films such as Zeppelin (1971) and The Thirty Nine Steps (1978). He also continued to have success with television roles; the Australian series The Outsiders demonstrated again the wide range of types that he could convincingly play, but brought him less praise than the BBC series Workhorses, for which he was nominated for BAFTA Scotland's Best Actor award. He continued appearing in TV series well into the 1990s, appearing as Macrae of Balbuie in two series of the BBC Scotland drama series Strathblair, and guest starring in an episode of Hamish Macbeth in a part that was written especially for him; the series was produced by his daughter, Deidre.

His final major acting role was as John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll (1678–1743) in the film Rob Roy (1995), although he also played a prominent role as Fergus in The Princess Stallion in 1997, the year of his death. Argyll was another role that became one of his favourites. His final professional engagement was resuming the role of Quatermass for the 1996 BBC radio serial The Quatermass Memoirs. This final performance was praised by The Independent: "This series has so far been hugely enjoyable - thanks in large part to Andrew Keir, who recreates the role of Quatermass in dramatic interludes; lesser actors would treat Kneale's downbeat script with a certain detachment, but Keir is prepared to charge even the most banal lines with a terror that's both a treat and a lesson."

Keir died in hospital in London, aged 71, on 5 October 1997. From 1948 until 1977, he was married to Julia Wallace, with whom he had two sons and three daughters. In 1977, he married Joyce Parker Scott, who survived him, along with his five children from his previous marriage. One of his daughters is the actress Julie T. Wallace.

Selected filmography

 * The Gorbals Story (1950) - Pub chucker-outer (uncredited)
 * The Lady Craved Excitement (1950) - Peterson
 * The Brave Don't Cry (1952) - Charlie Ross
 * Laxdale Hall a.k.a Scotch on the Rocks (1953) - McKellaig
 * The Maggie a.k.a. High and Dry (1954) - The Reporter
 * Suspended Alibi (1957) - Sandy Thorpe
 * High Flight (1957) - Valetta Instructor
 * Heart of a Child (1958) - Constable
 * A Night to Remember (1958) - 2nd Engineer Officer John Henry Hesketh
 * Tread Softly Stranger (1958) - Inspector Harris
 * The Day They Robbed the Bank of England (1960) - Sergeant of the Guard
 * Tunes of Glory (1960) - L / Cpl. Campbell
 * Greyfriars Bobby: The True Story of a Dog (1961) - Constable (uncredited)
 * The Devil's Hands (1961, short)
 * Pirates of Blood River (1962) - Jason Standing
 * Cleopatra (1963) - Agrippa
 * Torpedo Bay (1963) - O'Brien
 * The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) - Polybius
 * The Devil-Ship Pirates (1964) - Tom, Harry's father
 * Lord Jim (1965) - Brierly
 * Dracula: Prince of Darkness (1966) - Father Sandor
 * Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D. (1966) - Wyler
 * The Fighting Prince of Donegal (1966) - Lord McSweeney
 * The Viking Queen (1967) - Octavian
 * The Long Duel (1967) - Gungaram
 * Quatermass and the Pit (aka Five Million Years to Earth) (1967) - Prof. Bernard Quatermass
 * Attack on the Iron Coast (1968) - Captain Franklin
 * The Royal Hunt of the Sun (1969) - Valverde
 * The Last Grenade (1970) - Gordon Mackenzie
 * Adam's Woman (1970) - O'Shea
 * The Night Visitor (1971) - Dr. Kemp
 * Zeppelin (1971) - Von Gorian
 * Blood from the Mummy's Tomb (1971) - Professor Julian Fuchs
 * Mary, Queen of Scots (1971) - Ruthven
 * Conflict (1973) - Father Matthew
 * The Thirty Nine Steps (1978) - Lord Rohan
 * Absolution (1978) - Headmaster
 * Meetings with Remarkable Men (1979) - Head of Sarmoung Monastery
 * Lion of the Desert (1981) - Salem
 * Marco Polo (1982) - Old Shepherd
 * Haunters of the Deep (1984) - Captain Tregellis
 * Dragonworld (1994) - Angus McGowan
 * Rob Roy (1995) - John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll
 * Dragonworld: The Legend Continues (filmed in 1996, but released in 1999) - Angus McGowan
 * The Princess Stallion (1997, TV Movie) - Fergus

title: Andrew Keir


text:
Ellen Auerbach

Ellen (Rosenberg) Auerbach (May 20, 1906 – July 30, 2004) was a German-born American photographer who is best remembered for her innovative artwork for the ringl+pit studio in Berlin during the Weimar Republic.

Early life
Auerbach (born Ellen Rosenberg) was born May 20, 1906, in Karlsruhe, Germany. She was born to a liberal Jewish family, and was the daughter of Max Rosenberg and Melanie Gutmann. Her father was a successful businessman while her mother looked after the family.

Rosenberg took no interest in the family business, so her parents allowed her to study, but provided little financial support or encouragement. Between 1924 and 1927, Auerbach studied art at the Badische Landeskunstschule in Karlsruhe. Her professors were Paul Speck and Karl Hubbuch.

In 1928 she went to the Academy of Art (Am Weissenhof) in Stuttgart to continue her studies. Whilst at the academy she carved a bust of her uncle; he gave her a 9 x 12 cm camera to get "the angles right". This first experience led her to pursue photography as a way of earning a living.

Studying photography
In 1929 Rosenberg moved to Berlin to study photography with Walter Peterhans, who was a member of the Bauhaus design movement. Whilst studying under Peterhans, Rosenberg met Grete Stern, Peterhans' only other private student. Berlin's liberal environment allowed women to live free social and sexual lives, and Rosenberg was able to break away from her family's traditional expectations.

Rosenberg's studies with Peterhans were interrupted in 1930 when he moved to Dessau to become the Master of Photography at the Bauhaus School for art and design, but not before impressing on her that photography was an art form, a novel idea at the time. He also encouraged her to pursue photography throughout her life.

Career
In 1930 Rosenberg and Stern bought Peterhans´ studio and equipment, and founded their own photography and design studio specialising in advertising, fashion and portrait photography. This was one of the world's first female-run photographic businesses. They named the studio after their childhood names, ringl+pit (pit for Rosenberg), which also advantageously disguised their genders Unusually, they signed all of their work together.

The pair were influenced by the creative environment in Berlin at the time. They portrayed women in unconventional ways, impacting the emerging image of the New Woman. Whilst Stern's specialty was in graphic design and the formal aspects of photography, Rosenberg provided the humorous and ironic touches to their representations of women in advertising and film.

At first they received few commissions. They photographed friends and lovers they met through bohemian circles, including the dancer Claire Eckstein and the poet Marieluise Fleisser. In 1931 ringl+pit 's work received positive reviews in the magazine Gebrauchsgraphik and in 1933 they won first prize for one of their posters in Brussels. Walter Auerbach started to visit the studio regularly and occasionally lived there with the two women. In 1932 Rosenberg went to live in Walter's small attic apartment.

Rosenberg also experimented with film. She made two short black and white films. Heiterer Tag auf Rügen mixed elements of nature with images of friends from a visit to the island of Rugen. Gretchen hat Ausgang was a short silent drama, which featured Stern as a clumsy maid, and her future husband Horacio Coppola as a handsome man who tries to seduce her at the local ice-cream parlour.

When Hitler rose to power in 1933, Walter Auerbach, an activist in left wing political circles, warned them of the dangers ahead. At the end of 1933 Rosenberg left Germany for Palestine; as it was the only place she could go; a loan from Stern allowing her to enter as a "capitalist". Shortly after her arrival Rosenberg became the official photographer for the Women's International Zionist Organisation (WIZO), and made Tel Aviv, a 16 mm black and white film about the growing city. When Walter joined her in Palestine, they opened a children's photography studio called Ishon ("apple of my eye").

In 1936 the Abyssinian war broke out, and Walter Auerbach and Rosenberg left for London to visit Stern. Stern and Rosenberg collaborated once again in a few commissions, including one for a maternity hospital, their final work together. During her time in London Rosenberg made a short film of Brecht, reciting his poetry; however, the film was silent.

After Stern emigrated to Argentina in 1936, Rosenberg tried but failed to obtain a work and residency permit to run the London studio. In 1937 she married Walter Auerbach and the pair immigrated to the United States. They lived in Philadelphia, where she had some relatives, and continued to work as a children's photographer. In 1938 one of her child photographs was selected for the cover of Life Magazine' s second anniversary issue. Here she also experimented with ultraviolet and infrared photography.

In 1940 Ellen and Walter Auerbach moved to New York, where she worked freelance for magazines, including Time, Life and Photo Technique. She also made record covers for Columbia Masterworks. The Auerbachs ended their marriage in 1945 although they remained friends.

Between 1946 and 1949 Ellen Auerbach worked with Dr. Sybil Escalona, a child psychologist, at the Menninger psychiatric institute in Kansas. There she photographed and made two films on young children's behaviour. In the early 1950s Auerbach taught photography at the Junior College for Arts and Crafts in Trenton, New Jersey.

In 1955 Auerbach joined nature photographer, Eliot Porter, on a trip to Mexico to photograph churches. Photographs were taken with natural light, which was unusual at this time. This work did not receive recognition at the time, but were published in two books many years later. This trip was her last professional photography project.

At the age of sixty Auerbach embarked on a new career, providing educational therapy for children with learning disabilities at the Educational Institute for Learning and Research in New York.

Later life
Auerbach continued to create photographs non-commercially throughout her later life, as a creative outlet for her thoughts and impressions. She traveled extensively between the 1940s and 1960s, photographing landscapes and nature, as well as interiors, architecture, street scenes and portraits.

In 1990, at the age of 84, she lectured at the Art Institute and the Goethe Institute in Chicago about photographic technique and her life as a photographer.

Auerbach died July 30, 2004, in New York City.

Rediscovery
In the 1980s the work of ringl+pit and Auerbach began to be exhibited by German museums. The rediscovery of her work was partly triggered by the publication of two photography books – Mexican Churches (1987) and Mexican Celebrations (1990) which were originally taken in 1955 with fellow photographer Eliot Porter.

Auerbach's hometown organized a show in 1988 called Emigriert, and the Folkwang Museum in Essen mounted a comprehensive ringl+pit exhibition in 1993. A retrospective of her work was presented at the Academy of Arts, Berlin in 1998.

In 1996, a documentary about her partnership with Grete Stern, Ringl + pit, won a number of awards. Very few of ringl+pit 's photographs survive today; most those still in existence are held by museums and collectors.

Family
Auerbach had an older brother who died when he was a child and a brother Walter who was 12 years younger. In 1936 Walter Rosenberg secured a visa for Argentina and sailed there to live with Stern, who was then married to Horacio Coppola.

During the war the Rosenbergs' parents stayed in Karlsruhe. In 1941 they were sent by the Germans to the Gurs concentration camp in France. The camp was liberated in 1944 by American troops. They returned to Karlsruhe after the war.

title: Ellen Auerbach


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/David van Gogh

His claim to fame is that he's the male-line great-great-great-grandfather of the artist Vincent van Gogh. Salasks 18:16, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree. Delete. Elf-friend 19:25, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Oy. Delete.  RickK 20:01, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * The site listed says he's the grandfather. This user talk page is worth looking at. (Why is there no mention of Pablo Picasso's great aunt's dog on Wikipedia, is what I really want to know). Delete. --Ianb 20:30, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Those are some darned close generations, there. He can't be that far back.  At any rate, the figure is presented in a way with no notability or interest.  A case can be made for the figure's biography's interest, but we're better off waiting for someone else to write it. Geogre 01:22, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text: Category:Pollution

title: Category:Pollution


text: Category:Secondary sector of the economy


text:
Rene Paul Chambellan

Rene Paul Chambellan (September 15, 1893 – November 29, 1955) was an American sculptor who specialized in architectural sculpture. He was also one of the foremost practitioners of what was then called the "French Modern Style" and has subsequently been labeled Zig-Zag Moderne, or Art Deco. He also frequently designed in the Greco Deco style.

Life and career
Chambellan was born in West Hoboken, New Jersey (now part of Union City, New Jersey). He studied at New York University from 1912 to 1914, in Paris at the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design from 1914 to 1917 and the Académie Julian (1918-1919), as well as with sculptor Solon Borglum in New York City. During the First World War, he was a sergeant in France with the U.S. Army.

A resident of Cliffside Park, New Jersey, Chambellan died in a nursing home in Jersey City, New Jersey.

Selected architectural sculpture

 * 1922-1926 – Russell Sage Foundation Building, Grosvenor Atterbury architect, (now Sage House), 122-130 East 22nd Street, New York City
 * 1923-1924 – American Radiator Building, Howels & Hood and André Fouilhoux architects, NYC
 * 1925 – Chicago Tribune Building, Raymond Hood architect, Chicago, Illinois
 * 1927 – Sterling Memorial Library, James Gamble Rogers architect, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
 * – Home Savings Bank of Albany, Dennison & Hirons architects, Albany, New York

 * 1927-1929 – Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower, Robert Helmer of Halsey, McCormack and Helmer, architects, Brooklyn
 * 1928 – New York Life Building, Cass Gilbert architect, NYC
 * – State Bank & Trust Company Building, Dennison & Hirons, architects, NYC
 * – Beekman Tower, John Mead Howells, architect, NYC

 * 1929 – Chanin Building, Sloan & Robertson architects, NYC
 * – Stewart & Company Building, Warren & Wetmore architects, NYC

 * 1930 – Daily News Building, Raymond Hood architect, NYC
 * 1931 – Buffalo City Hall, Deitel, & Wade architects, Buffalo, New York
 * – Carew Tower, Delano & Aldrich with W.H. Ahlschlager architects, Cincinnati, Ohio
 * – King’s County Hospital, LeRoy P. Ward architect, NYC
 * – Tower, National Shrine of the Little Flower, Henry McGill architect, Royal Oak, Michigan
 * – Sterling Memorial Library, James Gamble Rogers architect, New Haven, Connecticut

 * c.1932 – New York State Office Building, Albany, New York
 * 1939 – Manhattan Criminal Courthouse (100 Centre Street), Harvey Wiley Corbett and Charles B. Meyers architects, NYC 1939
 * 1940 – Airlines Building, John B. Peterkin architect, NYC
 * 1948 – Firestone Memorial Library, O’Connor & Kilham architects, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
 * Queens County Hospital, NYC
 * Naval Hospital, Beaufort, South Carolina

Other works

 * 1921 – John Newbery Medal
 * c.1928 Series of five designs in cast-iron depicting historic New York City seals, for the Miller Elevated Highway
 * 1929 – Bronze Doors, East New York Savings Bank, Holmes & Winslow architects, Brooklyn, New York
 * c.1930s Tritons, Nereids and Dolphins, Rockefeller Center, NYC
 * 1937 – Bronze Doors, Hirons & Woolwine architects, Davidson County Courthouse, Nashville, Tennessee
 * – Caldecott Medal

 * 1940 – John Bates Clark Medal for American Economic Association
 * c.1950 World War II Monument, Midland, Michigan

title: Rene Paul Chambellan


text: User talk:24.65.198.75

title: User talk:24.65.198.75


text:
Early 1990s recession

The early 1990s recession describes the period of economic downturn affecting much of the Western world in the early 1990s. The impacts of the recession contributed in part to the 1992 U.S. presidential election victory of Bill Clinton over incumbent president George H. W. Bush. The recession also included the resignation of Canadian prime minister Brian Mulroney, the reduction of active companies by 15% and unemployment up to nearly 20% in Finland, civil disturbances in the United Kingdom and the growth of discount stores in the United States and beyond.

Primary factors believed to have led to the recession include the following: restrictive monetary policy enacted by central banks, primarily in response to inflation concerns, the loss of consumer and business confidence as a result of the 1990 oil price shock, the end of the Cold War and the subsequent decrease in defense spending, the savings and loan crisis and a slump in office construction resulting from overbuilding during the 1980s. The US economy returned to 1980s level growth by 1993 and global GDP growth by 1994.

United States
Treasury Yield Spreads.webp yield spreads Inverted yield curve in late 1989 and early 1990

]]

Canada
Canada's economy is considered to have been in recession for two full years in the early 1990s, specifically from April 1990 to April 1992. Canada's recession began about four months before that of the US, and was deeper, likely because of higher inflationary pressures in Canada, which prompted the Bank of Canada to raise interest rates to levels 5 to 6 percentage points higher than the corresponding rates in the US by early 1990.

Canada's economy began to weaken in the second quarter of 1989 as sharp cutbacks in manufacturing output reduced real GDP growth to about 0.3% for each of the last three quarters of the year. Despite GDP growth being minimal, employment growth Canada-wide remained moderate throughout 1989 (although Ontario had a decline in employment in 1989) and there was a solid growth spurt (0.8%) in the first quarter of 1990. In April 1990, economic activity and employment both began substantial declines with the largest drops in real GDP, 1.2%, and employment, 1.1%, occurring in the first quarter of 1991. Both real GDP and employment bounced back in the second quarter of 1991, but then for a full year there was virtually no change in real GDP while employment levels continued to drop as most industries continued to cut output. Only in April 1992 did total employment begin to increase again with real GDP growing 0.4% thereby ending the recession. Technically, the moderate expansion in the second quarter of 1991 would qualify the contractions from April 1990 to March 1991 and July 1991 to April 1992 as two separate recessions, but the 1991 second quarter expansion was likely the result of pent up demand from the Gulf War and the introduction of the federal Goods and Services Tax early in the year severely suppressing consumer spending in the first quarter.

Overall real GDP growth for Canada was 2.3% for 1989, 0.16% for 1990, -2.09% for 1991, 0.90% for 1992, before increasing to 2.66% in 1993. The unemployment rate rose from 7.5% in 1989, to 10.3% in 1990, 10.3% in 1991, 11.2% in 1992, and 11.4% in 1993 before dropping to 10.3% in 1994. In fact, due to unemployment remaining at higher levels until early 1994, some sources assert the early 1990s recession lasted until February 1994 in Canada, as the percentage of the working age population (15-64) being employed continued to decline until the following month. The slow growth in employment following the end of the GDP contraction in April 1992 right through until 1995, is referred to as a "jobless recovery".

Inflation and monetary policy
A key cause of the recession in Canada was inflation and Bank of Canada's resulting monetary policy. The inflation rate in Canada had remained in the 4% range between 1984 and 1988, but began to rise again in 1989, averaging 5.0% that year. Gordon Thiesen, asserted in 2001 when he was the Bank of Canada governor, that inflationary pressures in Canada were partly fueled by Canadians having had a greater "inflation psychology" than Americans, that is a higher propensity to spend now in the belief the price for the same product will be substantially higher in short period of time. To reduce inflation, the Bank of Canada raised its prime rate from 10% in 1986 and 1987, to 12.25% at the start of 1989, peaking at 14.75% in June 1990, thereby prompting Canadians to reduce spending, reduce borrowing and begin saving sooner and more greatly than Americans. Particularly hard hit were Canada's real estate markets, the building industry, especially factory construction, and consumer confidence.

Then in February 1991, the Bank of Canada and the Department of Finance announced their monetary policy would be governed by formal inflation targets, with a target of 3% for 1992. Inflation was contained to 4.8% in 1990, 5.6% in 1991 and then decreased to 1.5% in 1992 and 1.9 in 1993, well below the target of 3%. This suggests the Bank of Canada's restrictive monetary policy overshot its target, suppressing GDP and employment growth in 1992 and 1993 in what would normally have been an economic recovery period. In fact, complex macro-economic modelling undertaken estimates that "excessive monetary restraint" of the Bank of Canada reduced real GDP growth by 1.5 percentage points in 1990, 2.9 percentage points in 1991 and 4.0 percentage points in 1993.

Tax increases
Another cause of Canada's recession were several tax increases instituted by the federal government between 1989 and 1991. These increases related to sales, excise and payroll taxes were modelled to have reduced real GDP growth by 1.6, 2.4 and 5.1 percentage points, respectively, in 1990, 1991 and 1992, although if these tax increases had not been implemented the federal government's national debt would have increased a significant amount. A third, less important factor in Canada's recession was the weakness of the US economy at the time, which was calculated to have had the effect of reducing Canada's economic growth by .6, 2.2 and 1.1 percentage points in 1990, 1991 and 1992.

High Value of Canadian Dollar and Low Productivity
An additional reason for the recession, especially it being deeper and longer in Canada than in the US, was the high value of the Canadian dollar, as high as 86-cents American in 1991, which made Canada's export manufactured goods, such as automotive parts, textiles and intermediate industrial goods and materials, uncompetitive in international markets. Combined with Canada's manufacturing productivity at the time being among the lowest in the G7 (caused by a lack of investment in new equipment or in research and development) and the removal of certain protective tariffs through the 1989 Canada-US Free Trade Agreement, this caused substantial job losses in the manufacturing sector with a significant number of manufacturers closing down or moving to the US, Mexico or the Caribbean.

Impact of recession on unemployment
The recession severely depressed job markets throughout the country unemployment rising from a low of 7.2% in October 1989, to a high of 12.1% in November 1992; it would take 10 years before unemployment recovered a 7.2% level (it was reached in October 1999). For instance, in Montreal (Quebec) unemployment affected 16.7% of the active population by December 1992 while the number of households relying on welfare increased from 88,000 to 102,000 between April 1990 and December 1992.

The early 1990s recession was notable for being substantially more negative for employment in Ontario than the early 1980s recession; Ontario's percentage of total age 15-64 population employed began to decline early in 1989 and only began to grow again early in 1994, five years of decline with an 8.2 percentage point drop. By contrast, in the early 1980s Ontario's employment percentage decline was shorter than Canada's as a whole and only had a 4.4 percentage point contraction.

Comparison to early 1980s recession
C.D, Howe Intitute's Business Cycle Council classifies Canada's recession according to their severity, with Category 4 recessions being the second highest after Category 5, which is a depression. It defines Category 4 recessions as having substantial declines in real GDP and employment for a year or longer. The early 1990s recession in Canada is classified as a Category 4 recession, the same category as the early 1980s recession. Notably, the early 1990s recession did not have as deep a contraction as the early 1980s recession, but was of longer duration as it had four years of less than 2.3% growth in real GDP (1989–92), while the early 1980s recession only had two years of less than 2.3% growth (1980 and 1982), and only the early 1990s recession actually saw a decrease in GDP per capita, that being by $29 in 1991. Both recessions had high unemployment after the recessionary period had officially ended with unemployment rates of 12% and 11.4%, in 1983 and 1993, respectively. Other sources describe the early 1990s recession as "the deepest in Canada since the Great Depression of the 1930s" naming it "the Great Canadian Slump of 1990–92."

Finland
Finland underwent severe economic depression in 1990–93. Badly managed financial deregulation of the 1980s, in particular removal of bank borrowing controls and liberation of foreign borrowing, combined with strong currency and a fixed exchange rate policy led to a foreign debt financed boom. Bank borrowing increased at its peak over 100% a year and asset prices skyrocketed. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to a 70% drop in trade with Russia and eventually Finland was forced to devaluate, which increased the private sector's foreign currency denominated debt burden. At the same time authorities tightened bank supervision and prudential regulation, lending dropped by 25% and asset prices halved. Combined with raising savings rate and worldwide economic troubles, this led to a sharp drop of aggregate demand and a wave of bankruptcies. Credit losses mounted and a banking crisis inevitability followed. The number of companies went down by 15%, real GDP contracted about 14% and unemployment rose from 3% to nearly 20% in four years.

Recovery has been based on exports, after currency devaluation of 40% and reviving world economy share of exports as percentage of GDP has risen from 20% to 45%, and Finland has been running consistent current account surpluses. Despite this impressive performance and strong growth mass unemployment has remained a problem.

France
France, just as the rest of continental Europe, entered recession later compared to economies of anglophone countries. The economic climate started to worsen in late 1989 (first in industry) in several phases:
 * A progressive slowing of economic activity between late 1989 and Autumn 1990 due mostly to slowing exports (especially to depressed North American markets);
 * A sudden slump in the latter part of 1990 as the Gulf War amplified previous tendencies;
 * A stand-by situation between mid 1991 and Autumn 1992 as the end of the War in the Gulf provided for some temporary relief;
 * Another slump in late 1992 as external demand dries up and the aftermaths of Black Wednesday.

The recession officially starts at the end of 1992 and beginning of the 1993. It is a brief but important recession: GDP drops 0.5% in the last quarter of 1992 and 0.9% in the first quarter of 1993. The drop is amplified by weak exports figures as most of France's trading partners also entered recession at the end of 1992. On a yearly basis, GDP growth was limited to 1.5% in 1992 and –0.9% in 1993, the first negative figure since 1975.

Industry is vastly affected by the recession: output dropped 5.3% in volume in 1993 with a catastrophic first semester and a very limited recovery in the second. The construction industry is also affected by the recession with a 3.9% decrease in volume of output.

All the composants of GDP were depressed in 1993:
 * Household consumption recorded its slowest increase in 30 years (+0.4% in volume);
 * Investment from both households (residential investments) and enterprises decreased significantly (–4.4 and –6.8% respectively). For the latter early 1993 represents the trough of a slump started in 1990;
 * Inventory levels were reduced in 1993;
 * Exports decreased (–0.4%) but not as much as imports (–3.1%) meaning that external trade contributed positively to GDP growth in 1993.

The weak economic climate resulted in significant increase in unemployment and public deficits. Reduced activity levels had a direct impact on public finances: social benefits grew 6.8% in 1993 whereas tax revenues only increased 2.4% despite increases in tax rates and charges throughout the year (the Generalized Social Contribution rate was increased by 1.3 points on 1 July 1993).

United Kingdom
United Kingdom bonds.webp 1988-1991

]] Despite several major economies showing quarterly detraction during 1989, the British economy continued to grow until the third quarter of 1990. Economic growth was not re-established until early 1993, with the end of the recession being officially declared on 26 April that year. The Conservative government which had been in power continuously since 1979 managed to achieve re-election in April 1992 after the replacement of long-serving Margaret Thatcher with John Major as prime minister in November 1990 helped fend off a strong challenge from Neil Kinnock and Labour.

Japan
Japan bonds.webp in 1990 Zero interest-rate policy starting in 1995 Negative interest rate policy started in 2014

]] [[File:Japan money supply and inflation.webp|thumb|300px|Japan money supply and inflation (year over year)

]]

Japan had loose monetary policy in the decades preceding, causing the Japanese asset price bubble. The Bank of Japan raised interest rates to cause an inverted yield curve and reduced M2 money supply increases to tame the property asset bubble. The decade following is known as The Lost Decade.

[[File:Japan property prices.webp|thumb|300px|center|Japan property prices (year over year)

]]

Canada and the United States
The Progressive Conservative government of Brian Mulroney in Canada and the successful presidential election campaign of George H. W. Bush in the United States may have been aided by growth in 1988. However, neither leader could hold on to power through the last part of the recession, being challenged by political opponents running on pledges to restore the economy to health. Bush initially enjoyed great popularity after the successful Persian Gulf War, but this soon wore off as the recession worsened; his 1992 re-election bid was particularly hampered by his 1990 decision to renege on his "Read my lips: no new taxes" pledge made during his first campaign in 1988. Meanwhile, Mulroney became deeply unpopular in Canada after two failed constitutional reform attempts (the Meech Lake Accord and Charlottetown Accord) and the 1991 introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). He resigned as prime minister and party leader in 1993, and the Progressive Conservatives collapsed in the election held later that year, winning only two seats.

Australia
In Australia, Paul Keating (then Treasurer of Australia, and future Prime Minister) referred to it as "the recession that Australia had to have". This quote became a cornerstone of the opposition Liberal Party's campaign during the 1993 election, designed to underscore alleged mismanagement of the national economy by the incumbent Labor Party. Unlike the opposition parties in North America, however, the Liberal Party failed to enter government (at least, not until the 1996 election)

New Zealand
In neighbouring New Zealand, the recession came after the re-election of the reformist Lange Labour government. The impact of economic reforms (known as Rogernomics) in the recession led to deep policy divisions between the Prime Minister, David Lange, and the Minister of Finance, Roger Douglas. In response to the recession, Douglas wanted to increase the pace of reform, whereas Lange sought to prevent further reform. Douglas resigned from Cabinet in 1988, but was re-appointed to Cabinet in 1989, prompting Lange to resign. Labour lost the 1990 general elections by a landslide to the National Party, who continued with Douglas' reforms.

France
François Mitterrand was elected to a second term on 8 May 1988 and his political party, the Socialist Party, and its allies won a very narrow majority in the National Assembly the next month.

Weakened by the recession and corruption scandals, the Socialist Party suffered severe defeats in the 1992 local elections (regional and cantonal) and the 1993 legislative elections (winning only 53 seats out of 577, its worst turnout until 2017) where the RPR-UDF right-wing coalition were returned to power with a massive majority of 449 seats out of 577.

Influence on culture
In the United States during the recession more people chose to shop at discount stores. This caused Kmart and Walmart (which became the country's largest retailer in 1989) to outsell the traditional stalwart Sears.

Civil unrest
In the United Kingdom, there was a significant wave of rioting at the height of the recession in 1991, with unemployment and social discontent being seen as major factors. Areas affected included Handsworth in Birmingham, Blackbird Leys in Oxford, Kates Hill in Dudley, Meadow Well on Tyneside, Ely in Cardiff and Hartcliffe in Bristol. These were isolated communities devastated by poverty and unemployment, separated from urban centres.

title: Early 1990s recession


text:
Stephen K. Yamashiro

Stephen Kei Yamashiro (July 15, 1941 – May 24, 2011) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the former Mayor of Hawaii County from 1992 to 2000. Yamashiro served on the Hawaii County council from 1976 to 1990, including eleven years as the council's chairman. He then served as the Mayor of Hawaii for two consecutive, four-year terms from 1992 until 2000.

The Honolulu Star-Bulletin has referred to Yamashiro as "among the most influential political leaders" in the history of the Big Island of Hawaii. More specifically, Honolulu Star-Bulletin reporter Hugh Clark has called Yamashiro, "probably … the most significant newsmaker on the Big Island" during the final thirty years of the 20th century.

Early years
Yamashiro was born on July 15, 1941, in Honolulu, Hawaii. He attended University Elementary School and graduated from the Punahou School in 1959. In 1964, Yamashiro also graduated from the U.S. Army Artillery Officer's Candidate School, located at Fort Sill in Oklahoma.

He received a bachelor's degree from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in 1965 and a law degree from Willamette University College of Law in Salem, Oregon in 1969.

Political career
Yamashiro worked as the Hawaii State Deputy Attorney General. Yamashiro began his career in Hawaii County government as a deputy corporation legal counsel for Hawaii County. He was then employed by the Hawaii Public Employment Relations Board as a Hearings Officer.

Yamashiro was elected to the Hawaii County Council from 1976 to 1990. He served as the chairman of the county council simultaneously for eleven of those years.

Mayor of Hawaii County
Former Mayor of Hawaii Bernard Akana died in office on April 12, 1990. Akana's death necessitated a special election to fill the remainder of Akana's unexpired term. Yamashiro left the council and announced his candidacy for Mayor of Hawaii County. Yamshiro was defeated in the 1990 special election by Lorraine Inouye, who won the election by just 76 votes.

Two years later, Yamashiro was elected Mayor of Hawaii County in 1992 in a rematch against incumbent Mayor Lorraine Inouye. He also defeated Russell Kokubun, who had also served on the county council, in the 1992 mayoral election. Though rivals in the election, Kokuban became deputy planning director for several years during Yamashiro's tenure as mayor.

He was inaugurated into office on December 7, 1992. Yamashiro was re-elected to a second, four-year term in 1996, defeating challenger Keiko Bonk of the Green Party by a slimmer than expected margin of 3,148 votes.

Yamashiro came into office facing major economic challenges for the Big Island of Hawaii. The island's once thriving sugar industry had declined, causing the loss of agricultural jobs. The last major sugarcane plantation closed on the island closed during the 1990s. Yamashiro, a strong proponent of development, pushed for the rapid development of resorts and other tourism infrastructure in South Kohala and North Kona to replace jobs lost in the sugar industry.

Yamshiro is credited with introducing the 100% Kona coffee emblem and logo now widely used by Kona Coffee producers on the Big Island. He expanded the tourism industry between Japan and the Big Island of Hawaii. Yamashiro spearheaded efforts to recruit the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to open an office and international service at Kona International Airport. He also successfully lobbied for nonstop, international flights between Kona and Narita International Airport by Japan Airlines.

He also considered an advocate for the Big Island of Hawaii's agricultural industry, the University of Hawaii and the island's film industry.

In 2000, Yamashiro could not seek re-election due to term limits. He was succeeded by Harry Kim in December 2000. Yamashiro left Hawaii County with a budget surplus.

Post-Mayoral career
Republican Governor Linda Lingle appointed Yamashiro to the Hawaii Tourism Authority. Lingle later reappointed Yamashiro to a second, four-year term on the tourism authority. He served as the chairman of the Hawaii Tourism Authority's budget committee. Additionally, the Western United Life Assurance Company hired him as project manager to promote its planned residential development in Hilo.

Yamashiro died from pneumonia at Hilo Medical Center in Hilo, Hawaii, on May 24, 2011, aged 69. He was survived by his wife, Della E. Allison.

title: Stephen K. Yamashiro


text:
Category:Revolutions

A revolution is a significant change that usually occurs in a relatively short period of time. It may be the result of a rebellion carried out with the intention of creating an entirely new form of government or any new cultural/social/technological paradigm. Examples are the Industrial Revolution, a major shift of technological, socioeconomic, and cultural conditions; the American war against colonial Britain; the Bolshevik overthrowing of the Russian monarchy to attempt to create a communist society; and the attempt by the Khmer Rouge to start Cambodian history anew.

title: Category:Revolutions


text:
User talk:Jeffdelonge

fr:Discussion_Utilisateur:Jeffdelonge

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
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Good luck!

just an exemple with an international taxobox easily transposable in every language if templates are done like in english nederland french and deutch Jeffdelonge

Proposed deletion of Visual gallery of Adelidae
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Proposed deletion of Visual gallery of Arctiidae
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Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Fram (talk) 07:52, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Visual gallery of Crambidae
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Visual gallery of Crambidae, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Fram (talk) 07:53, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Visual gallery of Geometridae
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Visual gallery of Geometridae, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. Fram (talk) 07:55, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jeffdelonge