text:
Primary familial brain calcification

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), also known as familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (FIBGC) and Fahr's disease, is a rare, genetically dominant or recessive, inherited neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement. Through the use of CT scans, calcifications are seen primarily in the basal ganglia and in other areas such as the cerebral cortex.

Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of this disease include deterioration of motor functions and speech, seizures, and other involuntary movement. Other symptoms are headaches, dementia, and vision impairment. Characteristics of Parkinson's Disease are also similar to PFBC.

The disease usually manifests itself in the third to fifth decade of life but may appear in childhood or later in life. It usually presents with clumsiness, fatigability, unsteady gait, slow or slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, involuntary movements or muscle cramping. Seizures of various types are common. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, which may be the first or the most prominent manifestations, range from mild difficulty with concentration and memory to changes in personality and/or behavior, to psychosis and dementia.

Causes
This condition can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive fashion. Several genes have been associated with this condition

Mutation
A locus at 14q has been suggested, but no gene has been identified. A second locus has been identified on chromosome 8 and a third has been reported on chromosome 2. This suggests there may be some genetic heterogeneity in this disease.

A mutation in the gene encoding the type III sodium dependent phosphate transporter 2 (SLC20A2) located on chromosome 8 has been reported. Biochemical evidence suggests that phosphate transport may be involved in this disease.

Two other genes have been associated with this condition: PDGFB on chromosome 22 and PDGFRB on chromosome 5. These genes are biochemically linked: PDGFRB encodes the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and PDGFB encodes the ligand of PDGF-Rβ. These genes are active during angiogenesis to recruit pericytes which suggests that alterations in the blood brain barrier may be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition.

A fourth gene associated with this condition is XPR1. This gene is the long arm of located on chromosome 1 (1q25.3).

Another gene that has been associated with this condition is MYORG. This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 9 (9p13.3). This gene is associated with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern in this condition.

Another gene junctional adhesion molecule 2 (JAM2) has been associated with an autosomal recessive form of this condition. Other genes that have been associated with this condition are Junctional adhesion molecule C (JAM3) and Occludin (OCLN).

Pathology
The most commonly affected region of the brain is the lenticular nucleus and in particular the internal globus pallidus. Calcifications in the caudate, dentate nuclei, putamen and thalami are also common. Occasionally calcifications begin or predominate in regions outside the basal ganglia.

Calcification seems to be progressive, since calcifications are generally more extensive in older individuals and an increase in calcification can sometimes be documented on follow up of affected subjects.

As well as the usual sites the cerebellar gyri, brain stem, centrum semiovale and subcortical white matter may also be affected. Diffuse atrophic changes with dilatation of the subarachnoid space and/or ventricular system may coexist with the calcifications. Histologically concentric calcium deposits within the walls of small and medium-sized arteries are present. Less frequently the veins may also be affected. Droplet calcifications can be observed along capillaries. These deposits may eventually lead to closure of the lumina of vessels.

The pallidal deposits stain positively for iron. Diffuse gliosis may surround the large deposits but significant loss of nerve cells is rare. On electron microscopy the mineral deposits appear as amorphous or crystalline material surrounded by a basal membrane. Calcium granules are seen within the cytoplasm of neuronal and glial cells. The calcifications seen in this condition are indistinguishable from those secondary to hypoparathyroidism or other causes.

Diagnosis
In addition to the usual routine haematologic and biochemical investigations, the serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone should also be measured. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) should be examined to exclude bacteria, viruses and parasites. The Ellsworth Howard test (a 10-20 fold increase of urinary cyclic AMP excretion following stimulation with 200 micromoles of parathyroid hormone) may be worth doing also. Serology for toxoplasmosis is also indicated.

Brain CT scan is the preferred method of localizing and assessing the extent of cerebral calcifications.

Elevated levels of copper, iron, magnesium and zinc but not calcium have been reported in the CSF but the significance of this finding — if any — is not known.

The diagnosis requires the following criteria be met:
 * 1) the presence of bilateral calcification of the basal ganglia
 * 2) the presence of progressive neurologic dysfunction
 * 3) the absence of an alternative metabolic, infectious, toxic or traumatic cause
 * 4) a family history consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance

The calcification is usually identified on CT scan but may be visible on plain films of the skull.

Differential diagnosis
Basal ganglia calcification may occur as a consequence of several other known genetic conditions and these have to be excluded before a diagnosis can be made.

Management
There is currently no cure for PFBC nor a standard course of treatment. The available treatment is directed symptomatic control. If parkinsonian features develop, there is generally poor response to levodopa therapy. Case reports have suggested that haloperidol or lithium carbonate may help with psychotic symptoms. One case report described an improvement with the use of a bisphosphonate.

Prognosis
The prognosis for any individual with PFBC is variable and hard to predict. There is no reliable correlation between age, extent of calcium deposits in the brain, and neurological deficit. Since the appearance of calcification is age-dependent, a CT scan could be negative in a gene carrier who is younger than the age of 55.

Progressive neurological deterioration generally results in disability and death.

History
The disease was first noted by German pathologist Karl Theodor Fahr in 1930. A less common name for the condition is Chavany-Brunhes syndrome and Fritsche's syndrome, the former named after Jacques Brunhes, Jean Alfred Émile Chavany, while the later named after R. Fritsche.

Fewer than 20 families had been reported in the literature up to 1997.

In literature
Fahr's syndrome features in Norwegian Jo Nesbø's crime fiction novel "The Snowman" (the seventh novel in the Harry Hole detective series).

title: Primary familial brain calcification


text:
Starmania (musical)

Starmania is a Canadian-French cyberpunk rock opera written in 1976 with music by Michel Berger and book and lyrics by Luc Plamondon. It debuted in 1978 with a studio recording of the songs, before premiering on stage in 1979. Several of its songs have passed into mainstream Francophone pop culture, and helped original cast members Daniel Balavoine and Diane Dufresne to rise in popularity in France; it is now considered one of the most famous rock operas in French history.

An English version with lyrics by Tim Rice, titled Tycoon, premiered with the release of a studio recording in 1992, which starred Kim Carnes, Celine Dion, Nina Hagen, Peter Kingsbery, Cyndi Lauper, Willy DeVille, Kevin Parker Robinson and Tom Jones.

A comeback tour, directed by Thomas Jolly, Nicolas Ghesquière and Victor Le Masne (Housse de Racket), was announced in 2020 and set to premiere in France on November 11, 2021. It was postponed to November 8, 2022, because of the COVID-19 pandemic

Genesis
In 1978, its first recording was released (in French), sub-titled Starmania, ou la passion de Johnny Rockfort selon les évangiles télévisés ("Starmania, or the Passion of Johnny Rockfort According to the Televised Gospels") with the leading roles filled by Daniel Balavoine, Claude Dubois, Diane Dufresne, Nanette Workman, France Gall, Eric Esteve and Fabienne Thibeault.

In 1979 the show was given its theatrical debut in Paris, starring Balavoine, Étienne Chicot, Dufresne, Gall, and Thibeault, followed by Canadian productions in 1980 and 1986 and French revivals in 1988 and throughout the 1990s. The 1980 Canadian production had a cast that included France Castel, Louise Forestier, Gilles Valiquette, and Martine St-Clair.

Céline Dion recorded several songs from the musical on her 1991 album Dion chante Plamondon.

In 1992, an English version of the show was created with the release of the album Tycoon, with lyrics by Tim Rice, and starring Kim Carnes, Celine Dion, Nina Hagen, Peter Kingsbery, Cyndi Lauper, Willy Deville, Kevin Robinson and Tom Jones in the principal roles on the recording. The American premiere of Tycoon, with English lyrics, was produced at the UTEP Dinner Theatre in El Paso, Texas in 1996, with Plamondon in attendance. It was alternated on stage in Paris with the French version for a few months.

In 2004, Starmania was honoured as a MasterWork by the Audio-Visual Preservation Trust of Canada.

Brief plot outline
In the near future, Monopolis, the capital of the recently united Occident, is terrorized by the Black Stars, a gang headed by Johnny Rockfort, who dances to the tune of Sadia, a student-agitator, originally from the upper crust, who is described as a "transvestite" and descends into the underground to hand out orders. They meet at the Underground Café, under the amused gaze of Marie-Jeanne, the robotic waitress.

Above this underground café stands the Golden Tower, a 121-floor building, the top of which is the office of Zéro Janvier, a billionaire getting into politics by running for the presidency of the Occident. He bases his electoral campaign on a return to order and on the construction of the new atomic world. Zéro Janvier thus becomes the sworn enemy of Johnny Rockfort and the Black Stars. It is in this framework that three parallel love affairs take shape and come undone: the impossible love of Marie-Jeanne for Ziggy, a young androgynous and mythomaniac record dealer; the sensational romance of Zéro Janvier and Stella Spotlight, a sex symbol who has just said farewell to the silver screen; and the passion of Johnny Rockfort and Cristal, a true nexus of the plot.

Cristal, the host and star of a TV show called "Starmania", gets a call from Sadia offering her a clandestine interview with Johnny Rockfort, whose face no one knows. The get-together takes place at the Underground Café. For Cristal and Johnny, it is love at first sight. They go off together; therefore, Sadia has lost her hold over Johnny. Cristal decides to become the spokeswoman for the Black Stars, transmitting pirate messages by means of a neutron camera that lets her take over television frequencies.

Sadia, furious with jealousy, denounces Johnny and Cristal to Zéro Janvier on the evening that he is celebrating his engagement with Stella Spotlight at Naziland, a gigantic revolving discothèque above Monopolis. The Black Stars have chosen this very evening to set off a bomb in the Golden Tower.

Zéro Janvier's men hunt the Black Stars. Cristal dies in Johnny's arms. The shadow of Johnny Rockfort, either killed as well or imprisoned depending on the versions, will darken the victory of Zéro Janvier, elected president of the Occident. The play portrays the struggle of terrorism against totalitarianism, two living forces in opposition, two dangers that threaten the world.

Stella Spotlight, revolted by power, ends her own life and returns to her dream of immortality; Marie-Jeanne, having had enough of the underground world, heads off in search of sunlight.

French version

 * "Ouverture" ("Overture")
 * "Quand on arrive en ville" ("When we Come to Town")
 * "Complainte de la serveuse automate" ("Waitress Automaton's Lament")
 * "Le blues du businessman" ("The Businessman's Blues")
 * "Un garçon pas comme les autres" ("A Boy Like No Other")
 * "La chanson de Ziggy" ("Ziggy's Song")
 * "Monopolis"
 * "Travesti" ("Transvestite")
 * "Petite musique terrienne" ("Little Earth Song")
 * "Ce soir on danse à Naziland" ("Tonight We Dance at Naziland")
 * "Banlieue nord" ("North Suburb")
 * "Les adieux d'un sex symbol" ("The Farewells of a Sex Symbol")
 * "Les uns contre les autres" ("Against Each Others")
 * "Quand on n'a plus rien à perdre" ("When We Have Nothing Left to Lose)"
 * "Ego trip"
 * "Le monde est stone" ("The World is Stone")
 * "S.O.S. d'un terrien en détresse" ("S.O.S. of an Earthling in Distress")
 * "Le rêve de Stella Spotlight" ("The Dream of Stella Spotlight")
 * "Besoin d'amour" ("Need for Love")

English version

 * "Overture"
 * "The World Is Stone"
 * "A Little Damage Done"
 * "Only The Very Best"
 * "You Get What You Deserve"
 * "Ziggy"
 * "Nobody Chooses"
 * "Working Girl"
 * "Tonight We Dance – (Extravagance!)"
 * "Pollution's Child"
 * "I Would Love To Change The World (The Businessman's Blues)
 * "Farewell To A Sex Symbol"
 * "Ego Trip"
 * "You have to learn to live alone"

Albums (all in French and French pressings unless stated)

 * 1978 Starmania – Original Studio Version (double LP or 1 CD, 80:35)
 * 1979 Starmania – The Show - Complete Live Version (4 LP-box or double CD, 125:37)
 * 1980 Starmania Made in Quebec - Studio Version (Beau-Bec, double LP, unknown duration, never reissued on CD)
 * 1986 L'opéra rock Starmania - Live Québec Version (Audiogram, LP, 47:05, never reissued on CD)
 * 1988 Starmania 88 - Live version (double CD, 72:02)
 * 1989 Starmania - Remixed - Complete Live Version (double CD, 110:38)
 * 1992 Tycoon – (in English), also released as Starmania – Version anglaise - Studio version, with Tim Rice lyrics (CD, 59:44)
 * 1994 Starmania – Mogador 94 - Live Version (CD, 77:20)
 * 1998 Starmania – 20th Anniversary - Complete Live Version (double CD, 125:19)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Starmania (musical)


text:
Saddam Kamel

Saddam Kamel Hassan al-Majid (صدام كامل حسن المجيد; 1960 – 23 February 1996) was the first cousin once removed and son-in-law of deposed Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. He was also a part-time actor.

Biography
He was married to Rana Hussein and was the brother of Hussein Kamel al-Majid (who was also married to a daughter of Saddam, Raghad Hussein). He was for a time head of the Republican Guard.

He was removed from the position in 1986 in favour of Saddam Hussein's son, Qusay Hussein, who had then come into majority. Due to his close resemblance to the Iraqi leader, he played the part of Saddam Hussein in the film The Long Days, a propagandistic movie account of Saddam Hussein's early life and rise to power. In 1995, he defected from Iraq with his brother Hussein Kamel al-Majid and their wives. His brother gave information to UNSCOM, the CIA and MI6 about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction.

In 1996, they returned to Iraq believing Saddam's assurances that they had been pardoned for their actions; however, the brothers were killed in a prolonged gunbattle with either other members of their clan or soldiers loyal to Saddam shortly after they returned. According to the previous theory, described by Iraqi authorities as the official one, al-Majid and numerous other members of the clan had exercised personal vengeance upon the brothers, possibly as a way by Saddam to circumvent his promise of pardon by masking the executions as a family quarrel.

title: Saddam Kamel


text:
Talk:The Gathering (LAN party)

Byterapers/Scoopex party
I just removed the reference to a Byterapers/Scoopex party. This party was never the "first Gathering". Maybe there was a party called The Gathering in 1991 in Finland, organized by Byterapers and Scoopex, but if that's the case, it's just a coincidence that both parties have the same name. They are in no way related. The first party of what we know as "The Gathering", was definately held in Skedsmohallen in Lillestrøm in 1992.

- Trond Michelsen, organizer of The Gathering 1992-2000

Worlds largest
I will remove the text about TG being the worlds largest computer party. Here is some text from www.dreamhack.org: Worlds largest LAN-party, DreamHack Winter 2004 was certified by Guinness World Records and Twin Galaxies as the world's largest LAN party with 5852 computers simultaneously connected to the network. [and 5272 attendees]. bbx 08:58, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

World's largest
bbx: You're raising an interesting point here, and there's always been discussion over which one is biggest. It is, however, not easy to say, as you lack a) a proper metric (number of computers? number of attendees? number of network points?) and b) someone to measure it. TG99, TG03 and TG04 (IIRC) invited the Guinness World Book of Records like Dreamhack did, but the response was basically "sorry, not interested". The later TGs have sold (IIRC) 5200 tickets, and then you can start discussing if you are to count the crew, the press, day-passes etc... Sesse

Daily Life
The daily life section seems to be full of opinions and speculations, however with some minor edits it could probably be made more factual. Anyone agree? Rōnin 03:34, 17 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I got impatient and made some edits. Rōnin 03:44, 17 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I wrote that section originally. Having been at TG99-TG06, and thus having spent almost two solid months at TG in all, I'm quite sure it's factually accurate. -Sesse

Article name
Shouldn't this be moved to The Gathering (demo party) or The Gathering (computer party)? The official name is The Gathering.toresbe 09:09, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Probably. Feel free to do a move with redirect.  Ditto for Assembly demo party. --Vossanova o< 14:40, 3 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Never mind, I did it myself. --Vossanova o< 14:56, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:TG06 DarkSideOfPluto Final.jpg
Image:TG06 DarkSideOfPluto Final.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 06:25, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

Still world largest?
The article says it's the world largest computer party, but how is a computer party different than a LAN party (Computer party redirects to LAN party)? According to the article, it has some 5200 visitors every year.

Now, last DreamHack Winter (2010) had 12,754 computers and 13,608 visitors. Now I don't understand how 5200 can in any way be larger than 13,608? This, of course, is if computer party is something really different than LAN party, but I don't think it is, because it redirects to LAN party? --193.11.163.169 (talk) 15:32, 1 November 2011 (UTC)

Written as a commercial...
Sure, some parts are informative, but this whole article reeks of biased views, obviously written by someone involved in the event... like the following found in the table over the names of events and their descriptions:

2012 - “At the end of the universe” - The Gathering 2012 will take you to places you’ve yet to experience.

Yeah... someone should make a throughout check on this article... / TheDront (talk) 00:51, 3 August 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:The Gathering (LAN party)


text:
Sidewinding

Sidewinding is a type of locomotion unique to snakes, used to move across loose or slippery substrates. It is most often used by the Saharan horned viper, Cerastes cerastes, the Mojave sidewinder rattlesnake, Crotalus cerastes, and the Namib desert sidewinding adder, Bitis peringueyi, to move across loose desert sands, and also by Homalopsine snakes in Southeast Asia to move across tidal mud flats. Any number of caenophidian snakes can be induced to sidewind on smooth surfaces, though the difficulty in getting them to do so and their proficiency at it vary greatly.

The method of movement is derived from lateral undulation, and is very similar, in spite of appearances. A picture of a snake performing lateral undulation would show something like a sine wave, with straight segments of the body having either a positive or negative slope. Sidewinding is accomplished by undulating vertically as well as laterally, with the head tracing out an ellipse in a vertical plane nearly perpendicular to the direction of movement and with all the segments that have a significantly non-zero slope (and alternating segments that have a zero slope) lifted off the ground.

The ventral scales of sidewinding snakes are short and have small, microscopic holes in them to reduce friction, as opposed to the more spike-shaped ones of other snakes. These are more prominent in the African Horned Viper and Sand vipers than the American Sidewinder, theorised to do with the former's environment being older by millions of years.

In the resultant movement, the snake's body is always in static (as opposed to sliding) contact when touching the ground. The head seems to be "thrown" forward, and the body follows, being lifted from the prior position and moved forward to lie on the ground ahead of where it was originally. Meanwhile, the head is being thrown forward again. In this way, the snake slowly progresses at an angle, leaving a series of mostly straight, J-shaped tracks. Because the snake's body is in static contact with the ground, without slip, imprints of the belly scales can be seen in the tracks, and each track is almost exactly as long as the snake.

Sidewinder rattlesnakes can use sidewinding to ascend sandy slopes by increasing the portion of the body in contact with the sand to match the reduced yielding force of the inclined sand, allowing them to ascend up to the maximum possible sand slope without slip. Implementing this control scheme in a snakebot capable of sidewinding allowed the robot to replicate the success of the snakes.

One can determine the line of movement of the snake by drawing a line connecting either the right or left tips of the tracks.

title: Sidewinding


text:
1990 in art

Events from the year 1990 in art.

Events

 * 18 March – Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft: Twelve paintings, collectively worth from $100 to $300 million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, Massachusetts by two thieves posing as police officers. This is the largest art theft in United States history and the largest-value theft of private property in world history, and the paintings  have not been recovered.
 * 6 April – Robert Mapplethorpe's "The Perfect Moment" show of nude and homosexual photographs opens at the Cincinnati Contemporary Art Centre, in spite of accusations of indecency by Citizens for Community Values.
 * 15 May – Portrait of Doctor Gachet by Vincent van Gogh is sold for a record $82.5 million.
 * East Side Gallery, 105 paintings by 129 artists from 20 countries, is painted on the east side of the Berlin Wall in Germany following its abandonment. It includes Dmitri Vrubel's My God, Help Me to Survive This Deadly Love and Birgit Kinder's Test the Best (renamed Test the Rest after restoration).
 * John Keane is commissioned by the British Imperial War Museum as an official war artist in the Gulf War.

Exhibitions

 * British Art Show at Hayward Gallery includes work by Young British Artists
 * Jim Gary's Twentieth Century Dinosaurs opened on April 12, 1990, the only solo exhibition by a sculptor at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., that drew a record number of visitors to the museum

Works

 * Eduardo Chillida - Peine Del Viento XVII –
 * Robert Coburn - Bell Circles II (sound installation, Portland, Oregon) –
 * Elisabeth Frink - Desert Quartet (sculpture, Worthing, England) –
 * Douglas Gordon - Meaning and Location
 * Damien Hirst - A Thousand Years
 * Howard Hodgkin - After Degas
 * Tadeusz Kantor - September Defeat
 * Lee Kelly with Michael Stirling - Friendship Circle (installation, Portland, Oregon) –
 * Eric Larsen - Packy mural (Portland, Oregon) –
 * Patrick Morelli - Behold (statue, Atlanta, Georgia) –
 * Victor Salmones - Cancer, There Is Hope (bronze, Houston, Texas)
 * Shamim Sikder - Shoparjito Shadhinota (En: Self Earned Freedom) at Dhaka University in Dhaka, Bangladesh
 * Rachel Whiteread - Ghost –
 * Sue Williamson - For Thirty Years Next to His Heart (Forty-nine photocopies in artist-designed frames)

Awards

 * Turner Prize – No prize was offered because of lack of sponsorship.

Films

 * Vincent and Me

January–June

 * January – Daniel du Janerand, French painter, sad and devastating death(b. 1919)
 * 15 January - Henrietta Berk, 81. American painter (b. 1919)
 * 22 January – Roman Vishniac, Russian-American photographer (b. 1897)
 * 15 February – Norman Parkinson, English fashion photographer (b. 1913)
 * 16 February – Keith Haring, American artist and social activist (b. 1958)
 * 15 March – Jim Ede, English art collector (b. 1895)
 * 21 April – Romain de Tirtoff, Russian-born French artist and designer (b. 1892)
 * May – Fuller Potter, American Abstract expressionist artist (b. 1910)
 * 30 June – Jacques Lob, French comic book creator (b. 1932)

July–December

 * 18 July – Yves Chaland, French cartoonist (b. 1957)
 * 23 July – Pierre Gandon, French illustrator and engraver of postage stamps (b. 1899)
 * 25 July – Leonard Bahr, American portrait and mural painter (b. 1905)
 * 14 October – Clifton Pugh, Australian artist (b. 1924)
 * 26 October – Joan Brown, American figurative painter (b. 1938)
 * 7 December – Jean Paul Lemieux, Canadian-American painter (b. 1904)
 * 8 December – Tadeusz Kantor, Polish painter, assemblage artist, set designer and theatre director (b. 1915)
 * 23 December – Serge Danot, French animator (b. 1931)
 * 28 December – Ed van der Elsken, Dutch photographer (b. 1925)
 * 29 December – David Piper, English curator and novelist (b. 1918)

title: 1990 in art


text:
Socialist Youth League Karl Liebknecht

Socialist Youth League Karl Liebknecht, (Sozialistischer Jugendverband Karl Liebknecht) was a communist youth organization in West Berlin during the Cold War. It was the youth organization of Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin. It was a member of World Federation of Democratic Youth.

title: Socialist Youth League Karl Liebknecht


text:
1991 in art

Events from the year 1991 in art.

Events

 * 14 April – In the Netherlands, thieves steal 20 paintings worth $500 million from the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Less than an hour later they are found in an abandoned car near the museum.
 * 25 May – Opening of the Irish Museum of Modern Art in Dublin.
 * 9 July – The Sainsbury Wing of the National Gallery in London, designed by Robert Venturi and Denise Scott, is opened.
 * September – Opening of the Weserburg modern art museum in Bremen (Germany) as the Neues Museum Weserburg Bremen.

Publications

 * The Prince of Wales (now Charles III) - Watercolours.
 * Eric Hebborn, Drawn to Trouble

Exhibitions

 * February 6 until May 6 - Albert Bierstadt, Art & Enterprise at the Brooklyn Museum in Brooklyn, New York.
 * December 13 until February 2, 1992 - Damien Hirst solo exhibition at Institute of Contemporary Arts.

Dance

 * May – First performance of Candoco Dance Company

Awards

 * John Moores Painting Prize - Andrzej Jackowski for "The Beekeeper's son"
 * Turner Prize – Anish Kapoor

Works

 * Las niñas en la alborada – Félix Aráuz
 * "The Umbrellas" (simultaneous sculptural instillations in California, U.S.A and Japan) - Christo and Jeanne Claude
 * Chain Reaction (sculpture, Santa Monica, California) – Paul Conrad
 * Field (multiple figure sculptures in terracotta - first version) – Antony Gormley
 * Isolated Elements Swimming in the Same Direction for the Purposes of Understanding – Damien Hirst
 * The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living – Damien Hirst
 * Capitalism (sculpture in Portland, Oregon) – Larry Kirkland
 * Guardians of the Gate (bronze, San Francisco) – Miles Metzger
 * Cold Dark Matter: An Exploded View (installation) – Cornelia Parker
 * Tompkins Square Crawl (performance) - William Pope.L
 * Self (sculpted self-portrait head in artist's blood - first version) – Marc Quinn
 * Host Analog (sculpture, Portland, Oregon) – Buster Simpson
 * Cascade Charley (fountain, Eugene, Oregon) – Alice Wingwall

Births

 * Hannah Levy, American sculptor
 * Probable date – Cartяain, English graffiti urban artist.

January to June

 * 3 January – Doris Zinkeisen, British theatrical designer and commercial artist (b. 1898).
 * 11 January – Charles Mozley, British artist and art teacher (b. 1914)
 * 7 February – Jean-Paul Mousseau, Canadian artist (b. 1927).
 * 13 February – Arno Breker, German sculptor (b. 1900).
 * 15 March – Vladimir Seleznev, Russian painter (b. 1928).
 * 29 March – Guy Bourdin, French photographer (b. 1928).
 * 10 June – Jean Bruller, French writer and illustrator (b. 1902).

July to December

 * 16 July – Robert Motherwell, American abstract expressionist painter and printmaker (b. 1915).
 * 3 August – Boris Ugarov, Russian painter, a last President of the Academy of Arts of the USSR (b. 1922).
 * 30 August – Jean Tinguely, Swiss painter and sculptor (b. 1925).
 * 5 September
 * Alexander Pushnin, Russian painter and art educator (b. 1921).
 * Princess Fahrelnissa Zeid, Turkish abstract artist (b. 1901).
 * 14 September – Russell Lynes, American art historian, photographer and author (b. 1910).
 * 18 September - Leland Bell, American painter (b. 1922).
 * 24 September – Dr. Seuss, American illustrator (b. 1904).
 * 8 October – David Budd, American abstract painter (b. 1927)
 * 27 October – Pyke Koch, Dutch painter (b. 1901).
 * 7 November – Tom of Finland, Finnish fetish artist (b. 1920).
 * 11 November – Nadezhda Shteinmiller, Russian painter and theater artist (b. 1915).
 * 18 November – Reg Parlett, English comics artist (b. 1904).
 * 21 November – Joseph Delaney, American painter (b. 1904).
 * 8 December - Bernice Abbott, American photographer (b. 1898).
 * 9 December – Gisèle Lestrange, French graphic artist (b. 1927).
 * 10 December – Greta Kempton, Austrian-American artist (b. 1901).
 * 12 December - Moshe Castel, Israeli painter (b. 1909).

title: 1991 in art


text:
1996 in art

Events from the year 1996 in art.

Events

 * 8 January – Shortly after publication of the Italian edition of his book The Art Forger's Handbook, English-born art forger Eric Hebborn is found lying in a street in Rome, his skull crushed with a blunt instrument; he dies in hospital on 11 January.
 * 15 March – Arken Museum of Modern Art in Copenhagen, designed by Søren Robert Lund, opens.
 * November – Museum für Gegenwart (contemporary art museum) in former Hamburger Bahnhof in Berlin, converted by Josef Paul Kleihues, opens.
 * Gallery of Modern Art in Glasgow opens.
 * Museum Tinguely in Basel, designed by Mario Botta, opens.
 * For an exhibition at the de Appel Arts Center in Amsterdam, Maurizio Cattelan steals the entire contents of another artist's show from a nearby gallery with the idea of passing it off as his own work, Another Fucking Readymade, until the police insist he return the items on threat of arrest.

Awards

 * Archibald Prize – Wendy Sharpe, Self Portrait as Diana of Erskineville
 * Jan Amos Comenius Medal (UNESCO) – Yaacov Agam, for the "Agam Method" for visual education of young children
 * The Inaugural Hugo Boss Prize – Matthew Barney
 * Turner Prize – Douglas Gordon
 * Wynne Prize – William Robinson, Creation landscape – earth and sea

Exhibitions

 * British Art Show 5 – various venues in Manchester
 * Sol LeWitt Prints: 1970–1995 – travelling exhibition by the Museum of Modern Art, New York.
 * Vermeer – nearly complete exhibition of 25 works, The Hague and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Works

 * Stephen Antonakos – The Room Chapel (mixed media sculpture)
 * George Beasley – Five Points Monument (Atlanta)
 * Robert Calvo – Ascension (sculpture, Portland, Oregon)
 * Maurizio Cattelan – Bidibidobidiboo (sculpture)
 * Angela Conner – Rising Universe (water sculpture)
 * Paul DiPasquale – The Arthur Ashe Monument on Monument Avenue in Richmond, Virginia
 * Raymond Kaskey – Gateway of Dreams (Atlanta)
 * David LaChapelle – "Alexander McQueen and Isabella Blow"
 * Roy Lichtenstein – Brushstrokes (sculpture, Portland, Oregon)
 * Liza Lou – Kitchen (completed)
 * Ron Mueck – Big Baby, Mongrel and Pinocchio (sculptures
 * Alexander Stoddart – Ossian: in memoriam James Macpherson 1736–96 (bronze head)

Films

 * Basquiat

January to June

 * 3 January – Terence Cuneo, English railway and military painter (b. 1907).
 * 6 January – Duane Hanson, American sculptor (b. 1925).
 * 9 January – Félix González-Torres, Cuban artist (b. 1957).
 * 11 January – Eric Hebborn, English-born art forger (b. 1934).
 * 11 February – Pierre Edouard Leopold Verger, French photographer and ethnographer (b. 1902).
 * 18 January – Leonor Fini, Argentine-born surrealist painter (b. 1908).
 * 28 January – Jerry Siegel, American comic book artist (b. 1914).
 * 20 February – Audrey Munson, American actress and artist's model (b. 1891).
 * 5 March – Joshua Compston, British gallerist (b. 1970).
 * 15 March – Helen Chadwick, British artist (b. 1953).
 * 14 April – Mervyn Levy, Welsh-born art critic and artist (b. 1914).
 * 25 April – Saul Bass, American graphic designer and Academy Award-winning filmmaker (b. 1920).
 * 7 May – William Copley, American artist (b. 1919).
 * 10 June – Marie-Louise von Motesiczky, Austrian painter (b. 1906).

July to December

 * 17 July - Rico Puhlmann, German photographer (b. 1934).
 * 28 July – Roger Tory Peterson, American naturalist, ornithologist, artist and educator (b. 1908).
 * 27 August – Abram Games, English poster artist (b. 1914).
 * 24 October – Lin Onus, Scottish-Aboriginal Koori artist (b. 1948).
 * 22 November – Edmund Teske, American photographer (b. 1911).
 * 26 November – Paul Rand, American graphic designer (b. 1914).
 * 29 November – Dan Flavin, American minimalist artist (b. 1933).
 * 3 December – Jean Tabaud, French artist (b. 1914).
 * 11 December – Willie Rushton, English cartoonist, satirist, comedian, actor and performer (b. 1937).
 * 16 December – Quentin Bell, English art historian and author (b. 1910).
 * 25 December – Gabriel Loire, French stained glass artist (b. 1904).

title: 1996 in art


text:
Andrew Brunette

Andrew D. Brunette (born August 24, 1973) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player who is the head coach for the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL). As a player, Brunette played over 1,100 career games in the NHL with the Washington Capitals, Nashville Predators, Atlanta Thrashers, Minnesota Wild, Colorado Avalanche, and Chicago Blackhawks between 1996 and 2012. He previously served as interim head coach for the Florida Panthers, as an assistant coach for the Minnesota Wild and New Jersey Devils, and as the Wild's assistant general manager.

Playing career
Brunette grew up in the small community of Valley East, Ontario, just outside Sudbury. He played much of his minor hockey career with the Rayside-Balfour Sabrecats of the Northern Ontario Hockey Association (NOHA).

After a solid Midget season in 1989–90, Brunette was selected in the seventh round of the 1990 Ontario Hockey League (OHL) Priority Selection by the Owen Sound Platers. He was an OHL teammate of future NHLers Kirk Maltby, Scott Walker, Kevin Weekes, and Jamie Storr.

Brunette played for the Platers for three seasons between 1990 and 1993 and scored 295 points in 195 games, winning the Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy (the league scoring title) in 1993. He was subsequently drafted by the Washington Capitals in the seventh round, 174th overall, in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft.

After being drafted, he played for the Hampton Roads Admirals in the ECHL before moving to the American Hockey League (AHL), where he played for two more teams that season: Providence Bruins and Portland Pirates. Brunette stayed with the Pirates until 1998 but was called up by the Capitals for the first time in the 1995–96 season and played 11 NHL games. Over the following few seasons, he played 51 more games for Washington before being selected in the 1998 NHL Expansion Draft by the Nashville Predators. Notably, he scored the Predators' first-ever goal.

After playing in the inaugural 1998–99 season for the Predators, he moved to the newly created Atlanta Thrashers and played two seasons there before moving to the Minnesota Wild in the 2001–02 NHL season. Brunette scored the winning goal in overtime of Game 7 of the Western Conference Quarterfinals against the Colorado Avalanche on April 22, 2003, the final game of Avalanche goaltender Patrick Roy's career. Brunette stayed with the Wild until 2004 and signed as a free agent for the Colorado Avalanche after the 2004–05 lockout.

He scored the series-clinching goal for the Avalanche on April 30, 2006, against the Dallas Stars in Game 5 of the 2006 Western Conference Quarterfinals. The 2006–07 was his best individual season, averaging over a point per game for his first time in the NHL, playing on a line with superstar centre Joe Sakic. Brunette scored his 500th NHL career point on October 26, 2007, against the Calgary Flames. He played three consecutive full 82-game seasons with the Avalanche.

Brunette signed a three-year, $7 million contract with the Minnesota Wild on July 1, 2008, to begin a second stint with the club. On October 9, he was named an alternate captain alongside Mikko Koivu.

Brunette was highly regarded for his physical durability and consistency, qualities which allowed him to play in 509 consecutive games without having to sit out due to injury from 2002 to 2009. However, he was diagnosed with a torn ACL in his right knee but insisted on finishing the 2008–09 season before having surgery in the off-season.

On July 1, 2011, Brunette signed a one-year, $2 million with the Chicago Blackhawks. During the 2011–12 season, Brunette, in a reduced role, recorded a career-low in points with 27 in 78 games.

With the 2012–13 NHL lockout and limited NHL interest as a free agent upon the resumption of the shortened 2012–13 season, on February 13, 2013, Brunette announced his retirement from his playing career and that he would rejoin the Minnesota Wild organization as its hockey operations advisor.

Coaching career
Brunette was an assistant coach of the Minnesota Wild for two seasons from the 2014–15 season and served as the Wild's assistant general manager until the conclusion of the 2018–19 season. On June 4, 2019, he joined the Florida Panthers as an assistant coach on head coach Joel Quenneville's staff. On October 29, 2021, Brunette was named the interim head coach of the Panthers after head coach Quenneville resigned on October 28. Following the Panthers getting swept by the Lightning in the Eastern Conference Semi-Finals, there was much uncertainty about Brunette's future as head coach. On June 22, 2022, the Panthers announced that Paul Maurice would be the next head coach of the franchise. Brunette was offered a significant position within the organization, but ultimately decided to leave for an assistant position with the New Jersey Devils.

After one season in New Jersey, Brunette was named head coach of the Nashville Predators, whom he had previously played for, on May 31, 2023.

title: Andrew Brunette


text:
User talk:Cwoyte

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title: User talk:Cwoyte


text:
Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics

The swimming competitions at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens took place from 14 to 21 August 2004 at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre in Marousi. It featured 32 events (16 male, 16 female), a total of 937 swimmers from 152 nations, and the program's changes instituted in the previous Games, including notably the three-phase format (heats, semifinals, and final) for all short-distance races (200 metres and under).

Swimmers from the United States continued to dominate the medal tally with a total of 28, earning twelve golds, nine silver, and seven bronze. Australia still maintained the second spot from Sydney in 2000, but produced a total of 15 more medals (seven golds, five silver, and three bronze) to its historical hardware in swimming. Meanwhile, Japan moved from behind to third overall in the medal board with eight medals after a sterling breaststroke double from Kosuke Kitajima. A total of eight world records and twenty-five Olympic records were set during the competition.

Venue
Swimming events at the 2004 Summer Olympics were held at the Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre, officially known as the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex (OCO) during the games. Originally built for the 1991 Mediterranean Games, it was refurbished to host swimming, diving, synchronised swimming, and water polo events; it was the first time in the history of the Olympics that all aquatics disciplines had been held at a single venue. Swimming events were held at the main outdoor pool of the complex, which held 10,893 spectators, and was interchangeably used for swimming and water polo events throughout the duration of the games. A plastic-coated tarpaulin roof covering the two outdoor pools of the complex, designed to protect spectators and swimmers from being exposed to the summer heat, was originally planned to be built as part of the renovations. However, due to cost overruns and delays in construction, planners decided to scrap the roof in March 2004, which was criticised by FINA, the governing body of water sports. The venue would ultimately be approved by FINA weeks before the opening of the games in August.

Events
The following events were contested (all pool events were long course, and distances are in metres unless stated):
 * Freestyle : 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 (women) and 1500 (men);
 * Backstroke : 100 and 200;
 * Breaststroke : 100 and 200;
 * Butterfly : 100 and 200;
 * Individual medley : 200 and 400;
 * Relays: 4 × 100 free, 4 × 200 free, and 4 × 100 medley.

Participating nations
A total of 937 swimmers (544 men and 393 women) from 152 nations would compete in swimming events at these Olympic Games. Antigua and Barbuda, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cayman Islands, Guyana, and Turkmenistan made their official debut in swimming. Meanwhile, Albania, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and Norway returned to the sport after long years of absence. Nations with swimmers at the Games are (team size in parentheses):

Men's events
* Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals.

Women's events
* Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals.

title: Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics


text: Category:Human spaceflights

title: Category:Human spaceflights


text:
Jungle juice

Jungle juice is an improvised mix of liquor that is usually served for group consumption. There are countless recipes and even websites devoted solely to jungle juice. The term has also been used for similar less-than-reputable alcoholic concoctions.

Etymology
"Jungle juice" as a term for bootlegged alcoholic drinks was used as early as 1909 in both the city of Fort Collins, Colorado and the town of Fort Gibson, Oklahoma. The item in the Weekly Courier in Fort Collins in February 1909 said the editor of a paper in nearby Eaton found Fort Collins "Jungle juice is too fierce for him."

The term appeared in Fort Collins newspapers several times over the next two decades. The name came from an area known as "the Jungle" on the outskirts of the dry town that was home to bootlegging and other illicit activities. A 1925 column in the Fort Collins Independent referred to "jungle juice" as the "acid that made Fort Collins famous."

Other uses of the term for bootlegged or homemade alcoholic drinks appeared in U.S. and Canadian newspapers in the 1930s and the first two years of the 1940s (before the U.S. entered World War II).

Australian newspapers used the term before the war to refer to home-brewed auto fuel additives. (Some of the Fort Collins articles also referred to their "jungle juice" being used this way.)

The term gained more widespread use during the war, first among Australian and American troops in New Guinea beginning in late 1942 and early 1943. Some newspaper articles described how it was made and what effect it had on those who drank it.

Recipe for famed jungle juice cocktail: Break open top of a coconut, add sugar and raisins, replace top, set in sun three weeks and hold on to your hat.

The subject of liquor on this island is very low. The only thing they have is some kind of stuff which is called 'jungle juice.' I have not had any but from the reports two smells of the cork and you pass out.

Some of the boys make their own brew, commonly known as Jungle juice. Its' [sic] a mixture of coconut juice, paw-paw juice and a handful of raisins (that is if they ever get a parcel from home with raisins in it) and various other tropical fruit juices, too numerous to name. Let it stand for three days until even the flies shun it, then it is declared okay. And is it potent? I tried it once but never again and I thought I could drink.

The term had also been applied to a specific treatment for war neurosis being practiced during the Second World War. Dr. William Sargant began to treat afflicted soldiers with large doses of a sedative called sodium amytal. The sedative would induce a deep sleep lasting up to three weeks. Patients would only be woken for an hour each day to be fed and to be bathed. The idea behind this sleep narcosis treatment was to break the cycle of exhaustion and anxiety caused by combat stress reaction. Additionally, insulin was given to patients to help restore lost weight due to inactivity. The insulin, however, could induce a coma by lowering the blood sugar. If the blood sugar level dropped too low, it could result in irreversible brain damage or even death. Soldiers began to refer to the sedative treatment as being given "Jungle Juice".

The term has also been used as a brand name for mosquito repellents.

title: Jungle juice


text:
Ader

The Ader was a French automobile designed and built by Clément Ader, a pioneer in flight and telephone service.

The Ader car was built in Levallois-Perret, Seine, by his Société Industrielle des Téléphones-Voitures Système Ader between 1900 and 1907. The company first built bicycles in 1869 and tried steam powered aeroplanes between 1890 and 1897. In 1900 the first car was made with a V-twin engine of 904 cc and chain drive. In 1901 shaft drive was introduced along with a four cylinder car where the engine was essentially two of the V-twins coupled together. Two of the four-cylinder engines were joined to make a 3616 cc V-8 which was fitted to a car that ran in the 1903 Paris-Madrid race. That year Ader listed twin-cylinder cars of 904 cc and 1571 cc, as well as four-cylinder ones of 1810 cc and 3142 cc; each was available in a wide range of coachwork. A 24 hp vertical four was introduced in December 1903 at the Paris Salon.

A new company was formed in 1905 to separate car building activities from the other activities and registered as Société Ader. The factory was located at 40 bis Avenue de Suffren, Paris. The V engines were dropped in favour of the vertical ones in 1907 but this was the final year cars were made though the V-4 engines were made for supplying to other car and boat makers for a few years.

The Ader car was sold in the United Kingdom as the Pegasus.

In 1903 the company also made a shaft-driven motorcycle sold as the Moto-Cardan.

title: Ader


text:
StarPlus

StarPlus is an Indian Hindi-language general entertainment pay television channel operated by Disney Star, a subsidiary of Disney India. Its programming consists of family dramas, comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime, and television films.

History
When it was first launched on 21 February 1992, StarPlus was an English language entertainment television channel, broadcasting international television shows from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand, with Zee TV being the Hindi-language counterpart.

After Star ended its relationship with Zee TV on 31 March 1996, StarPlus was transformed completely into a Hindi-language channel (from April 1996 to June 2000, StarPlus was a bilingual TV channel consisting of Hindi and English programmes), with Star World becoming the network's English-language counterpart channel. The company's CEO Sameer Nair and programming chief Tarun Katial introduced a number of new shows, which helped solidify the channel's position as a large influence in Hindi-language television broadcasting.

The channel launched in the United States in November 2004.

The channel's high-definition feed was launched on 15 April 2011. It carries the same schedule as the SD feed, but with different commercials.

StarPlus HD was set to launch in both the United Kingdom and Ireland by the end of 2011, but it was delayed until 5 July 2012.

On 6 October 2017, Canada's ATN Channel lost rights to Star programming, with viewers directed to the new streaming service Hotstar, which was recently introduced into the Canadian market. On 1 October 2023, ATN relaunched Star Plus in Canada.

On 4 January 2019, Star similarly shut down its linear channels in the United States, in favour of Hotstar. On 14 September 2023, Dish Network and Sling TV relaunched Star Plus and other Disney Star channels in the United States.

Rebranding
On 14 June 2010, it underwent a rebranding along with a change from the blue rectangular logo to a ruby red star with the tagline "Rishta Wahi, Soch Nayi" (Same Relationship, New Thinking).

On 7 November 2016, it underwent a rebranding with the tagline "Nayi Soch" (New Thinking).

On 27 May 2018, it underwent a rebranding with Alia Bhatt as the face of the campaign with the red crystal star with gold swoosh along with the tagline "Rishta Wahi, Baat Nayi" (Same Relationship, New Conversations) and a signature song composed by A. R. Rahman.

On 30 December 2020, Disney announced that the Star branding in the Netherlands would be replaced with Utsav from 22 January 2021. On 22 January 2021, StarPlus became Utsav Plus in the UK and Europe.

Reception
In 2000, StarPlus was at third position in terms of revenue and viewership after Zee TV and Sony Entertainment Television while none of the series were in top 10. With the launch of Indian Hindi version of "Who wants to be a millionaire?", Kaun Banega Crorepati, hosted by Amitabh Bachchan, the show became an instant hit becoming number one show followed by the launch of Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi, on the same day which became second most watched show after it, which soon beat the latter, to number one position, while StarPlus soon became the most watched channel. This followed Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii in October 2000 and later Kasautii Zindagi Kay a year after it and many more produced under Balaji Telefilms which made StarPlus to achieve the highest viewership during that time making the channel at No. 1 position since. Most of the series (80-90%) aired in the channel during that period were produced by Balaji Telefilms. 70% of the revenue for the production house was obtained from Star then.

After 2006, their top rated shows started to decline in viewership and were axed one by one by the channel. However, during 2008, differences arouse between Star India and Balaji due to termination of their serials over declining ratings, cancellation of joint venture for regional content in South India and as a result the agreement of Balaji buying Star's stake was terminated. Both suffered some downfall after it. However, after two years, they patched up and Tere Liye was the show produced after it in 2010. During the slight downfall in viewership in the end of the 2000s the No.1 position dominated by it for nine years continuously was beaten by the rival channel Colors TV in April 2009 for the first time pushing it to second position. During last week of May 2009, it was beaten by Zee TV for the first time in nine years, pushing it to third position and only Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai has maintained its ratings among Top 10.

After Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai maintaining its ratings among Top 10, few other shows like Saath Nibhaana Saathiya, Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai, Yeh Hai Mohabbatein, Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?, Diya Aur Baati Hum and Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya helped StarPlus to regain their position into Top 10.

On week 12 of 2020, while it dropped to fifth position in Hindi GEC while overall at sixth position in India, the following week the channel did not even feature in top ten Indian channels owing COVID-19 pandemic when production and new episodes broadcast were halted and reruns began. However, in week 15 it returned to the top ten.

Post first lockdown, in 2020, a new lineup of shows like Anupamaa, Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin, Saath Nibhaana Saathiya 2, Imlie and Pandya Store helped StarPlus regain their position.

Programming
From 2 October 2022, StarPlus extended its fiction airtime band to seven days a week. All shows aired everyday since then.

title: StarPlus


text:
1962 in art

Events from the year 1962 in art.

Events

 * February 6–March 4 – Jane Frank, solo exhibition at the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
 * February 7 – Opening of this year's "Young contemporaries" student exhibition at the RBA Galleries in London at which David Hockney exhibits his four "Demonstrations of Versatility" (1961): A Grand Procession of Dignitaries in the Semi-Egyptian Style, Swiss Landscape in a Scenic Style (retitled Flight into Italy - Swiss Landscape ), Tea Painting in an Illusionistic Style and Figure in a Flat Style. Hockney first meets Patrick Procktor at this exhibition and, with Maurice Agis, John Bowstead and Peter Phillips, Hockney's work is selected for a further exhibition at the ICA.
 * February 10
 * Ervin Eisch, Lothar Fischer, Dieter Kunzelmann, Renee Nele, Heimrad Prem, Gretel Stadler, Helmut Sturm and Hans-Peter Zimmer are excluded from the Situationist International (SI).
 * Roy Lichtenstein's first solo exhibition opens at Leo Castelli's gallery in New York City, including Look Mickey, featuring his first employment of Ben-Day dots, speech balloons and imagery from comics.
 * March 15 – Ansgar Elde and Jørgen Nash are excluded from the Situationist International.
 * March 25 – BBC Television in the United Kingdom broadcasts Ken Russell's film Pop Goes the Easel in its Monitor series, exploring the British pop art movement.
 * April 7 – The Stanley Spencer Gallery opens in Spencer's home village of Cookham, England, to display his work.
 * April 10 – Robert Fraser sets up his gallery, specializing in contemporary British art, in the Mayfair district of London.
 * May – The comic book character The Incredible Hulk, created visually by Jack Kirby, is introduced.
 * May–June – David Smith creates the Voltri series of abstract sculptures (e.g. Voltri XV) in Italy.
 * May 25 – The new Coventry Cathedral, designed by Basil Spence, is consecrated in England; artworks incorporated include: the exterior sculpture St Michael's Victory over the Devil by Sir Jacob Epstein; the tapestry Christ in Glory in the Tetramorph, designed by Graham Sutherland; the Mater Dolorosa sculpture by John Bridgeman; the Baptistry window by John Piper and Patrick Reyntiens; and the engraved glass Screen of Saints and Angels by John Hutton.
 * late June – Bert Stern begins shooting The Last Sitting in New York City, the last series of photographs taken of Marilyn Monroe, originally for Vogue magazine; later published as a book.
 * July 9 – Andy Warhol's first solo California gallery exhibition as a fine artist opens at the Ferus Gallery, Los Angeles, California, marking the West Coast debut of pop art and featuring his Campbell's Soup Cans.
 * July 23 – The Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil Museum is opened in Cairo.
 * July 25 – The Queen's Gallery is opened to the public at Buckingham Palace, London.
 * August – The comic book character Spider-Man, created visually by Steve Ditko, is introduced.
 * September 25 – The Pasadena Art Museum mounts New Painting of Common Objects, a survey of contemporary American Pop Art.
 * October 23 – "Fifty California Artists" exhibition at Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY. 1962-1963. Catalogue published. Organized by San Francisco Museum of Art with assistance of Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Circulated to Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN; Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY; Des Moines Art Center, IA. Notable artists in exhibition include Elmer Bischoff, Bruce Conner, Roy De Forest, Richard Diebenkorn, George Herms, John Paul Jones, Edward Kienholz, Frank Lobdell, Nathan Oliveira, Ed Moses, Lorser Feitelson, Helen Lundeberg and Peter Voulkos.
 * October 31 – The Sidney Janis Gallery mounts International Exhibition of the New Realists, a survey of contemporary American Pop Art and the European Nouveau Réalisme movement and the first Pop Art group exhibition in an 'uptown gallery' in New York City, a rented storefront at 19 W. 57th Street, near the main gallery at 15 E. 57th Street. Robert Motherwell, Mark Rothko, Philip Guston and Adolph Gottlieb quit the Janis Gallery as a protest against the exhibition.
 * November 14 – The British General Post Office issues the first commemorative stamps to be designed by David Gentleman.
 * December 14 – Leonardo da Vinci's early 16th-century painting the Mona Lisa is assessed for insurance purposes at US$100 million before touring the United States for several months, the highest insurance value for a painting in history. However, the Louvre, its owner, chooses to spend the money that would have been spent on the insurance premium on security instead.
 * Michelangelo Pistoletto begins painting on mirrors.
 * Ernst Barlach House completed as an art museum in Hamburg, Germany.
 * City Hall Museum and Art Gallery established in Hong Kong.
 * The Institute of American Indian Arts is set up in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
 * Musashino Art University.
 * National Art Museum of China opens in Beijing.
 * Museo de Arte Español Enrique Larreta inaugurated in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
 * The comic book character Barbarella, created by Jean-Claude Forest, is introduced in France.
 * Frederic Leighton's painting Flaming June (1895) is rediscovered in London.

Exhibitions

 * New Painting of Common Objects (with works by Wayne Thiebaud, Roy Lichtenstein, Andy Warhol, Jim Dine, Phillip Hefferton, Joe Goode, Edward Ruscha, and Robert Dowd) at the Pasadena Art Museum curated by Walter Hopps.

Awards

 * Archibald Prize: Louis Kahan – Patrick White

Works

 * Billy Apple – 2 Minutes, 33 Seconds (sculpture)
 * Diane Arbus – Child with Toy Hand Grenade in Central Park (photograph)
 * Alexander Calder – Sky Hooks (sculpture)
 * Anthony Caro – Early One Morning (painted metal sculpture)
 * Pietro Consagra – Conversation with the Wind (steel sculpture)
 * Jean Dubuffet – Court les rues
 * Yves Klein
 * IKB 191
 * Immaterial Pictorial Sensitivity
 * Roy Lichtenstein
 * Blam
 * Brattata
 * Golf Ball
 * Jet Pilot
 * Kiss II
 * Masterpiece
 * Portrait of Madame Cézanne
 * L. S. Lowry – Station Approach
 * Kazuyuki Matsushita and Hideki Shimizu – International Fountain, Seattle
 * Henry Moore – Knife Edge Two Piece 1962–65
 * Otto Muehl and followers of Viennese Actionism – Die Blutorgel (performance art)
 * William Roberts – The Vorticists at the Restaurant de la Tour Eiffel, Spring 1915
 * David Shepherd – The Wise Old Elephant
 * Jeffrey Smart – Cahill Expressway
 * Jean Tinguely – Study for an End of the World No. 2 (self-destroying sculpture)
 * Marie Vorobieff – Homage to Friends from Montparnasse
 * Andy Warhol
 * Campbell's Soup Cans (completed)
 * Coca-Cola (3)
 * Green Coca-Cola Bottles
 * Elvis
 * Marilyn Diptych
 * Marilyn 3 Times
 * 129 DIE IN JET (Plane Crash)
 * Men in Her Life
 * David Wynne
 * The Breath of Life Column (Hammersmith)
 * John Gielgud (bronze busts)

Births

 * 13 April – Chris Riddell, South African-born English children's book illustrator and political cartoonist
 * 27 April – Gabriel Orozco, Mexican visual artist
 * 2 May – Alexandra Boulat, French photographer (d. 2007)
 * 9 May – Gary Hume, English painter
 * 22 May – Hannah Rothschild, English art museum board member, documentary film maker, writer and philanthropist
 * 9 July – Luis Altieri, Argentine visual artist

Deaths

 * January 24 – André Lhote, French Cubist painter (b. 1885)
 * March 19 – Ethel Sands, American-born English painter (b. 1873)
 * March 27 – Augusta Savage, African American sculptor (b. 1892)
 * April 7 – Mary Cecil Allen, Australian-born American painter (b. 1893)
 * April 23 – Harold Parker, Australian sculptor (b. 1873)
 * May 13 – Franz Kline, American abstract expressionist painter (b. 1910)
 * May 19 – Gabriele Münter, German painter (born 1877)
 * May 25 – Zora Petrović, one of the most significant representatives of Expressionism of color in Serbian art between two wars (b. 1894)
 * June 6 – Yves Klein, French painter (b. 1928)
 * August 31 – Frank O. Salisbury, English portrait and official painter (b. 1874)
 * September 7 – Morris Louis, American color field painter (b. 1912)
 * October 17 – Natalia Goncharova, Russian avant-garde artist (b. 1881)
 * December 28 – Karl Völker, German painter and architect (b. 1889)

title: 1962 in art


text: Category:Apollo program

title: Category:Apollo program


text:
My Dad the Rock Star

My Dad the Rock Star is an animated television series created by KISS bassist Gene Simmons, co-produced by Nelvana and Carrere Group for France's M6 and Canada's Teletoon (now as Cartoon Network). The show aired on Nickelodeon and Nicktoons in the U.S., from September 1, 2003, until July 5, 2004. Twenty-six episodes were produced.

Plot
The show focuses on Willy Zilla, a timid teenage boy just trying to be a normal person, despite being the son of a flamboyant, rich, lively celebrity rock star named Rock Zilla.

Production
Gene Simmons wanted to create a cartoon series with a loud rock star for his children. The idea of the cartoon started when Gene's son, Nick, in his kindergarten days, brought in a picture of Gene drooling blood and spitting fire for a project of what his parents do, which may have influenced the character of Willy Zilla.

Before becoming a series, it became a book called "My Dad the Rock Star: Rebel without a Nose Ring" in 2001. Because Gene loved Nelvana shows, he called them for a cartoon idea. It was initially supposed to be about the band KISS itself, but it was later changed to a family of rock-star parents, which were based on Gene's family. Rock Zilla is actually a fictionalized version of Gene Simmons himself, counting his signature "long-tongue". Gene himself chose Lawrence Bayne as the voice for the character. Willy is based on Gene's son, Nick, and Serenity was based on Gene's daughter, Sophie. Crystal was also based on Gene's wife, Shannon Tweed, who, being Canadian, helped Gene to get Nelvana to make the show. Gene served as the executive producer and creator, while the rest of the production was done in Canada.

The series went on hiatus after the episode "Blind Date", until it was announced that the show ended, despite popular ratings, possibly for Gene to continue his music career. Also, there was an unaired episode that showcases Alyssa's true rapping skills, named "Silent Springs' Most Wanted" (which is a reference to the 2003 film Malibu's Most Wanted), but it never got the chance to air. It was never returned in time to air the third season.

Main

 * William "Willy" Zilla (voiced by Joanne Vannicola) – The show's main protagonist; Rock and Crystal's son and Serenity's younger brother. Willy never had a normal life when he was on tour with his family until he came to Silent Springs. Throughout the series, Willy gradually becomes more comfortable in who he is and accepts his new, more normal lifestyle. Willy aspires to be a musician like his father and grandfather (see below) and has inherited their musical talent. Willy's music of choice is jazz, and plays the trumpet in the school band. He realizes that he was living a normal life the whole time with his family and he doesn't have to be literally normal.
 * Rockford Amadeus "Rock" Zilla (voiced by Lawrence Bayne) – The title character. Rock has loved rock-'n-roll since birth. Even though Rock is the father of the family, he is very immature and behaves like a teenager. His own father is a well-known classical cellist who still does not quite understand him. Despite this, Rock cares for his family very much and goes out of his way to be a decent father.
 * Crystal Zilla (voiced by Kathy Laskey) – Serenity and Willy's mother. Crystal is a pink-haired spiritualist.
 * Serenity Zilla (voiced by Stephanie Anne Mills) – Willy's older sister and Rock and Crystal's daughter. Serenity is the stereotypical teenage girl: spoiled, boy-crazy, egotistical, and ditzy. She picks on Willy and easily gets lost in the mansion. Despite this, she does have a kind side, one of those examples can be shown when she grew attached to the elderly residents in the senior's home in the episode "Rock Bottom". She can also be supportive of her brother at times.
 * Nigel "Skunk" Fanshawe (voiced by Don Francks) – Ex-driver of the Zilla tour bus, friend/manager of the family. Skunk is from the United Kingdom and has a long two-toned ponytail, hence his name. Skunk is often the voice of reason for the Zillas. He uses the tour bus, permanently parked on the mansion's grounds, as his apartment.
 * Alyssa (voiced by Sarah Gadon) – Willy's sarcastic best friend, and eventually girlfriend. She is an environmental activist.
 * Quincy (voiced by Martin Villafana) – Willy's other best friend, who is African-Canadian. Prefers to be called "Q" and often tries to act like he’s from the ghetto. His father is an accountant and is often known to be narrow-minded.

Supporting

 * Robert "Buzz" Sawchuck (voiced by Rob Stefaniuk) – Lloyd's son and Willy's school bully. Although brutal and violent, Buzz often speaks in the manner of a Shakespearian actor, making long-winded speeches and monologues. Buzz has a crush on Alyssa, which is not reciprocated.
 * Principal Malfactor (voiced by James Millington) – A strict disciplinarian, with a particular dislike for Willy and his father. He once tried to have music class removed from school, and to have Willy expelled. Both times, he was foiled by Rock's intervention. Bears an uncanny resemblance to Ed Sullivan.
 * Mr. Kant – The Zillas' next-door neighbour. He utterly despises Rock for all the chaos he causes but has a soft spot for Willy. He has two pets (a cat and a dog), Helga and Henderson, who are friends with Mosh.
 * Mosh – The Zillas' lovable purple-and-green pet Komodo dragon. Meant only to be a stage gimmick for Rock's performances, the family could not bear to send him away when it didn't work out, and so adopted him as the family pet.
 * Ms. Zachwiss – A strict teacher at Willy's school.
 * Scoop – A reporter who regularly harasses Rock.
 * Lloyd Sawchuck – Buzz's father, the head of the school board, and a loyal fan of Rock's, owning all of his albums.
 * Angela D'Angelo - The first girl Willy fell in love with. Her parents are extremely overprotective and disapprove of Rock so much that when they learned that Willy was Rock's son, they moved to Alaska to get away from him.

Episodes
Canadian network Teletoon air dates in parentheses:

Season 1
1. Welcome to Silent Springs (September 1, 2003)
 * Rock and his family move to Silent Springs. Willy disguises himself as "Willy Zillowsky", but he is forced by Buzz to steal Rock's gold record.

2. Zilla House of Horrors (September 8, 2003)
 * Willy hears Buzz claim that the house is haunted due to being built on a graveyard.

3. Mr. Zilla's Opus (September 15, 2003)
 * Rock reveals to everyone in school that Willy is his son when he becomes the school's new band teacher. Even though the teachers find out about Willy lied about his last name, Willy doesn't get in trouble for it. *Note*: "Mr. Zilla's Opus" is a parody of Mr. Holland's Opus.

4. High Infidelity (September 22, 2003)
 * Crystal opens a Psychic Wellness Centre next to Willy's school, earning Willy some ribbing over his flakey Mom. Buzz tries to become Willy's friend, only for Willy to discover Buzz is now working for two music piracy con men.

5. Angela D'Angelo (September 29, 2003)
 * When Willy meets a new student named Angela, she invites him to a pre-date with her parents who dislike Rock Zilla.

6. The Candidate (October 6, 2003)
 * Willy plans to be the candidate for class representative, but Buzz keeps stealing all of his plans and bullies everyone into voting for him. Willy eventually wins even with the chaos caused by asking his parents to act normal.

7. Willy Unplugged (October 13, 2003)
 * Willy is going to play his trumpet at the school talent night, but when Rock finds out, he tries to "help" by adding over-the-top theatrics to Willy's show. Alyssa and Q try to get in on Willy's act with less-than-musical results.

8. Dance Party (October 20, 2003)
 * Willy joins the dance committee, but the teacher, Ms. Zachwiss, doesn't want the dance to change from the boring theme it had for the past 15 years.

9. Psychic Convention (October 27, 2003)
 * Crystal asks Willy to come with her to the Psychic Convention to meet Madame Persenchia, but he has to study for a math test and Mosh goes missing.

10. Call of the Wild (November 3, 2003)
 * The Zillas go on a camping trip with Willy's friends but something goes horribly wrong.

11. Mr. Big (November 10, 2003)
 * When Sally Raptor, the most popular girl in school, offers Willy a coveted spot in the "in crowd", Willy gets a taste of what it's like to be extremely popular and it rocks! But complications arise when Sally tries to get Willy to abandon Alyssa and Q. Meanwhile, Serenity is terrorizing the neighborhood by practicing to get her driver's license.

12. Rebel Without A Nose Ring (November 17, 2003)
 * Buzz sets Willy up to experience a series of unfortunate encounters with Mr. Malfactor after which he labels Willy a Rebel and seizes the opportunity to restore order upon the student body by implementing a dress code. The episode's title is based on a book.

13. Meet the Zillas (February 2, 2004)
 * Rock decides that TV is boring so he starts his own reality show. But later as they prank on Willy, they change the show to "Meet Willy Zilla."

Season 2
14. Going for Broke (December 1, 2003)
 * When the Zilla's go broke, Q's father invites them to stay at their house.

15. Rock Is From Mars, Willy Is From Venus (February 9, 2004)
 * Willy and Rock try to spend some quality time together, but things don't go as Willy intended.

16. The Sound of Zilla (February 16, 2004)
 * Willy's school is celebrating International Students Week.

17. Home for the Holly Daze (December 22, 2003)
 * It's the Zilla's first Christmas in Silent Springs, and when they inadvertently cause a famous Broadway director to lose his job, misery befalls them when he tries to get even.

18. What's the Scoop? (March 15, 2004)
 * Scoop keeps on sneaking out on Rock; Buzz puts Willy in detention after he arrives late. So Scoop and Willy concoct a plan to prove his innocence.

19. Rock Bottom (March 22, 2004)
 * It's Rock's birthday, but things get chaotic when Rock gets depressed, Serenity lands herself in the slammer for having large amounts of unpaid parking tickets, and she ends up serving community service at a senior's home, with Rock as her newest patient.

20. Saving Sawchuck (May 3, 2004)
 * After Willy saves Buzz from drowning, he has to let Buzz save him from harm; Serenity falls in love with the Lifeguard, so she has lifeguard lessons.

21. King of the Desert (May 10, 2004)
 * Willy, Q, and Alyssa take on a band trip but end up in the middle of the desert: Serenity and Crystal have to hide Rock's concert t-shirt (which he refuses to wash) until he comes back.

22. Big Willy on Campus (May 17, 2004)
 * Rock is given an honorary doctorate by his old college, Cere Bellum University, but someone has it in for Rock.

23. Metamorphic Rock (May 24, 2004)
 * Willy, Q, and Alyssa are assigned a group project in Science class but with his mother is missing in action, the house gets chaotic.

24. Kant Buy Me Love (May 31, 2004)
 * Willy and his friends help their neighbour Mr. Kant throw a silent party.

25. Chip Off the Old Rock (June 7, 2004)
 * Rock's parents come to visit him, but they became mortal enemies; Serenity and her grandmother have a day off.

26. Blind Date (July 5, 2004)
 * Willy and Alyssa become attracted to each other after a night at the movies. When Willy realizes that he is now dating her, he becomes a wreck, as he is afraid of how Q will react, and what this will mean for the trio's friendship. Meanwhile, Rock is trying to celebrate his 20-year anniversary with Crystal, but each of his plans only seems to upset her.

Reception
Common Sense Media rated the show 4 out of 5 stars, stating, "My Dad the Rock Star actually offers positive social messages, although they're subtle and blended in with wit and irony. Willy is perfectly happy with his slightly goofy, non-rock star self, and so are his friends, a pair of cool kids who aren't bowled over by either the Zillas' fame or fortune. These friends are loyal, and so is Willy, who may not always approve of his family but never fails to back them up. At its core, My Dad the Rock Star is a simple cartoon about the difficulties of staying yourself and still fitting in. It's fun to indulge the fantasy of the childlike parent and mature child – and the lifestyle that goes with crazy money – but the series' point is always that even though Willy could have anything in the world, what he wants most is to stay put and lead a normal life with his friends."

title: My Dad the Rock Star


text:
Lauan

Lauan may refer to:

 * Lauan (tree), several varieties of tree known as Philippine mahogany
 * Lauan ground skink, a species of lizard found on the Lau Islands of Fiji
 * Lauan language, a language spoken in East Fiji
 * Lauan plywood, decorative plywood made with Philippine mahogany

title: Lauan


text:
Almon

Almon may refer to:

People

 * Almon (surname)
 * Almon (given name)

Places

 * Almon, Mateh Binyamin, Israel, a settlement in the West Bank
 * Almon, Georgia, United States, an unincorporated community
 * Almon, Wisconsin, United States, a town
 * Almon (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community

Other

 * Any tree species of the genus Shorea
 * Almon, in Roman mythology a river that was the parent of Larunda

title: Almon


text:
Mark Strong

Mark Strong (born Marco Giuseppe Salussolia; 5 August 1963) is a British actor best known for his film roles such as Prince Septimus in Stardust (2007), Archibald in RocknRolla (2008), Lord Henry Blackwood in Sherlock Holmes (2009), Frank D'Amico in Kick-Ass (2010), Jim Prideaux in Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011), Sinestro in Green Lantern (2011), George in Zero Dark Thirty (2012), Major General Stewart Menzies in The Imitation Game (2014), Merlin in Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014) and Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017), Dr. Thaddeus Sivana in Shazam! (2019) and Shazam! Fury of the Gods (2023), and John in Cruella (2021).

Early life
Strong was born Marco Giuseppe Salussolia in the Islington district of London on 5 August 1963, the son of an Austrian mother and an Italian father. His father left the family soon after Strong's birth, and Strong was brought up by his mother while she worked as an au pair. He later said, "The home I grew up in was a flat in Myddelton Square in London's Islington, a beautiful Georgian square with a huge church in the middle. We moved around a lot when I was young. I remember flats in Walthamstow, Clapton, Stoke Newington, and Edmonton." He said in 2008 that when he was a child he was inspired to become an actor by watching French actor Alain Delon, but clarified in 2019 that he did not actually consider acting as a career until he was older.

When Strong was young, his mother legally changed his name to help him fit in with his English peers. He was baptised a Catholic. He attended Wymondham College in Morley, Norfolk, where he sang in two punk bands, the Electric Hoax and Private Party—the latter's name based on the idea that people wouldn't attend their shows, thinking they were private parties. Strong had ambitions to become a lawyer but returned to London after one year of studying German law at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. He subsequently studied English and drama at Royal Holloway, University of London before attending the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School.

Career
Strong appeared in two Prime Suspect serials for ITV as Inspector (later Detective Chief Superintendent) Larry Hall, in Prime Suspect 3 (1993) and Prime Suspect 6 (2003). He also had starring roles in two BBC Two drama serials, Our Friends in the North (1996) and The Long Firm (2004), earning a BAFTA nomination for the latter. He also played the villainous Colonel Brand in Sharpe's Mission (1996). He portrayed the romantic lead, Mr. Knightley, in the 1996 ITV adaptation of Jane Austen's novel Emma. He then played the role of Steve in the 1997 film adaptation of Nick Hornby's Fever Pitch.

At the beginning of the 2000s, Strong appeared in Heartlands and in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night at the Donmar Warehouse, for which he was nominated for the 2003 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role. He was later featured in Roman Polanski's Oliver Twist (2005), played Mussawi in the film Syriana (2005), and played an assassin named Sorter in Revolver (2005). He portrayed the traitorous Wictred in Tristan & Isolde, showing his talent with swordplay, and since 2006, he has provided the narration in the BBC's genealogy series Who Do You Think You Are?

Despite the persistence of rumours, Strong maintains that he was never offered the part of Anton Chigurh in the 2007 film No Country for Old Men. That year he played Pinbacker, the insane captain of Icarus I in Sunshine. Also in 2007, he portrayed Prince Septimus, the youngest of the seven Stormhold princes, in Stardust.

In 2008, he played Nick Calderelli in Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day, Mannie Miesel in Flashbacks of a Fool, Finn in Babylon A.D., Archy in RocknRolla, and Philipp Bouhler in Good. Also in 2008, he portrayed Hani Salaam, the Jordanian intelligence chief and director of the feared GID in Body of Lies, marking his first collaboration with English director Ridley Scott. Strong's performance as Hani Salaam earned him a nomination for the London Critics Circle Film Award for Best British Supporting Actor, and his performance was mentioned by several critics, with Scott calling it "a marvel of exotic suavity and cool insinuation" while Ebert "particularly admired" his aura of suave control.

In 2009, Strong played a lead part in the Channel 4 film Endgame, and he played Lord Blackwood, the main villain, in Sherlock Holmes, who has somehow returned after his execution with a plot to take over the British Empire using an arsenal of dark arts and new technologies. It was his third project with director Guy Ritchie. He went on to work with Ridley Scott a second time in the 2010 epic adventure film Robin Hood, portraying antagonist Sir Godfrey. That year, he also played Frank D'Amico, the head of a criminal organisation, in Kick-Ass. Strong says he is drawn to playing antagonists, trying to "understand the purpose of the character" and building a believable individual.

In 2011, Strong played Thaal Sinestro, Green Lantern and Hal Jordan's mentor, in the superhero film Green Lantern. Strong said the film "closely follows the early comics" and elaborated, "Sinestro starts out as Hal Jordan's mentor, slightly suspicious and not sure of him." Strong went on to state that the character "is a military guy but isn't immediately bad". He also revealed that the outfit and other aspects of the character very closely follow the character's early days. Also in 2011, he voiced Pod in The Secret World of Arrietty and Captain Titus of the Ultramarines Chapter in the video game Warhammer 40,000: Space Marine. The same year, and most notably, he played the role of Jim Prideaux in the film adaptation of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, which was earlier played by Ian Bannen in the iconic original 1979 BBC series starring Alec Guinness. The film premiered in competition at the 68th Venice International Film Festival on 5 September 2011.

Strong played Clive Cornell in The Guard (2011), which is the most successful independent Irish film of all time in terms of Irish box-office receipts, overtaking The Wind that Shakes the Barley (2006). He next portrayed the role of Jacob Sternwood in the British thriller Welcome to the Punch. He played Matai Shang, the leader of the Therns in John Carter (2012), and starred in the action thriller film Zero Dark Thirty (2012). The film had its premiere in Los Angeles on 19 December 2012 and had its wide release on 11 January 2013. The film received wide critical acclaim and was nominated for five Academy Awards, including Best Picture.

In November 2012, Strong was cast in Mindscape, a film in which a man with the ability to enter people's memories begins working on the case of a brilliant but problematic teenager to determine whether she is a sociopath or the victim of trauma. The film came to American cinemas in June 2014. Jaguar Cars produced an advertisement in 2014, initially shown during Super Bowl XLVIII and later online and on television, featuring Strong alongside fellow English actors Ben Kingsley and Tom Hiddleston. It was themed around their recent film roles as villains, and used the tagline "it's good to be bad". That same year, Strong co-starred in the historical drama film The Imitation Game as MI6 chief Stewart Menzies.

In 2015, Strong won the Olivier Award for Best Actor for his role in A View from the Bridge, which he starred in as Eddie Carbone at the Young Vic. When Strong went over to perform the play on Broadway in New York, he received similar levels of acclaim, and was nominated for the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play, and the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play, for his performance. In 2016, he co-starred with Sacha Baron Cohen in the action-comedy film Grimsby, playing a top MI6 secret agent with Cohen as his idiotic football hooligan brother. Later that year, he starred in a production of The Red Barn, by David Hare, which premiered in October 2016 at the National Theatre, (Lyttelton Stage), and co-starred in the political thriller Miss Sloane, directed by John Madden. The film premiered at the AFI Film Festival in November 2016.

Since 2017, Strong has narrated the pre-show etiquette clips presented before films at Vue Cinemas. In 2018, he starred in the hostage thriller Stockholm, and had the leading role in Fox network's Deep State, an espionage thriller in which he portrays an ex-spy named Max Easton, who after the death of his son, is brought out of retirement unwillingly, to avenge his death. In 2019, he portrayed the villain Doctor Thaddeus Sivana in the superhero film Shazam!. In the same year, Strong appeared briefly as the British Captain Smith in Sam Mendes’ World War I film 1917.

In March 2020, Strong narrated public information films for the UK government which outlined how the British public should approach daily life during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In March 2021, Strong was the castaway on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs. Later that same year, he co-starred in the Disney comedy-drama film Cruella.

In the media
GQ magazine named Strong as one of its 50 best dressed men in 2015. He has named David Bowie as his style icon.

Personal life
Strong is married to television producer Liza Marshall, with whom he has two sons named Gabriel and Roman. They live in North London, which Strong discussed in 2007: "I've got no desire to live anywhere else. I was born here, my wife was born here, my kids were born here, and this is where we're going to stay. [...] I'm able to keep my head below the parapet. I get on with my work, I have a family, and I get on the Tube. It just so happens that I'm doing this job."

Strong is a lifelong fan of Arsenal FC and started attending games when he was seven years old. He has named Ace in the Hole, Blade Runner, His Girl Friday, The Night of the Hunter, This Is Spinal Tap, and the work of the Coen brothers as his favourite films. He speaks fluent German and some Italian, and provided the German dubbing for Daniel Craig's voice in Obsession when "German with an English accent" was required. He and Craig previously lived together, became friends, and co-starred in the BBC drama Our Friends in the North. Craig is also the godfather of Strong's son Roman.

title: Mark Strong


text:
Soyuz TM-9

Soyuz TM-9 was the ninth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.

Mission highlights
During docking, cosmonauts aboard Mir noticed that three of the eight thermal blankets (layers of foil vacuum-shield insulation) on the descent module of the approaching Soyuz-TM 9 spacecraft had come loose from their attachments near the heat shield, yet remained attached at their top ends. The main concern was that the capsule might cool down, permitting condensation to form inside and short out its electrical systems. There was also fear that the blankets might block the infrared vertical sensor, which oriented the module for reentry.

Three other areas of concern emerged: that the explosive bolts binding the service module to the descent module might fail to work after direct exposure to space, that the heat shield might be compromised by direct space exposure, and that an EVA to repair the blankets might cause additional damage. Consideration was given to flying Soyuz TM-10 with one cosmonaut aboard as a rescue mission. During an EVA, the cosmonauts folded back two of the three blankets and left the third alone. During reentry, the cosmonauts ejected both the orbital module and the service module simultaneously in an effort to minimize the chances that a blanket could snag. Normally the orbital module went first. The descent module suffered no damage as a result of its prolonged exposure to space conditions. Reentry occurred as normal.

title: Soyuz TM-9


text:
ADK (automobile)

The ADK was a Belgian automobile manufactured between 1922 and 1930 by Automobiles de Kuyper SA of Anderlecht, Brussels. The company was founded in 1922 by Robert De Kuyper. The company did not make their own engines, these were always bought from other manufacturers.

The first car, the 10CV Type Y-22 used a four-cylinder S.C.A.P. engine. Over the next few years a variety of other 4-cylinder cars were made.

In 1927 (at the Brussels Motor Show) the company announced a 1594 cc pushrod ohv six-cylinder with twin carburettors, as well as in-unit engine/gearbox construction. A straight-8 model was announced in 1928 with a 2340 cc capacity again by S.C.A.P.

The company finally closed in 1931.

title: ADK (automobile)


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Morgan Morgan

Colonel Morgan Morgan (November 1, 1688 — November 17, 1766) was an American pioneer. He was thought to have founded the first permanent settlement in present-day West Virginia at Cool Spring Farm.

Early life
Little direct evidence of Morgan's early life and education has survived. His birth date seems to have been November 1st, 1688 because Morgans Chapel at Bunker Hill, which he helped to found, recorded the following upon his death: "Colonel Morgan died November 17, 1766 aged 78 years November 1st." No British records have been found of where he was born or when or how he came to America, but according to American records he seems to have been born in Glamorganshire, Wales during the reign of William III.

Emigration to America
Morgan Morgan emigrated to the America as a single man at the age of 24, probably during the last years of the reign of Queen Anne. Arriving in Delaware in about 1712 or 1713, he soon afterward got married, but no record of the date has been found. Morgan commenced business as a merchant at the place now known as Christiana. Some Quaker records record that Morgan Morgan was educated at Cambridge University and went to Delaware as Crown Council. In 1713, Morgan married Catherine Garretson in what is now New Castle County, Delaware. Their first child, James, was born in the fall of 1715, and this is recorded in the church register. Morgan evidently arrived with some money and had a very respectable social standing, for the early records list him as a merchant and tailor, and in 1717 he was appointed as executor of the will of the Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania. At that time what we now know as Delaware was a part of Pennsylvania.

Since the trade guilds were very strong in England, one wonders if he learned the tailoring trade in London, from his father, or if he bypassed the law in the new country and started a combined mercantile and tailoring business. As well as working there as a merchant, he was also a magistrate. He has been claimed to have been an ordained Church of England clergyman, and one who established a church in Westminster County in 1727, but there is no evidence to support this. Morgan is often incorrectly cited as having arrived at present-day West Virginia in 1727, although he was still living in Delaware at that time, acting as the coroner of New Castle County. His first land transaction on record dates from November 20, 1723, when he bought 245 acre for the price of 70 pounds. Almost the whole of this land was cultivable. In 1924, a committee appointed by the Governor of West Virginia determined that the first crude shelter erected by William G. Morgan Great Grandson of Morgan Morgan was built on the Morgan Acres property.

Claim of first settlement in West Virginia
Morgan Morgan arrived in what is now West Virginia in 1731. In January 1734, he, among others, was appointed to the 'Commission of the Peace', meaning that he was a magistrate. He probably received a Patent for 1000 acre '[i]n the Forks of the Rappahannock River & Westwood of Sherrando River' on December 12, 1734. The long-standing claim that he was the first permanent resident there is, however, doubtful. In fact, the area now known as Shepherdstown, West Virginia, was probably settled by German-speaking immigrants as early as 1727.

Morgan died at Bunker Hill, Berkeley County, now in West Virginia, and was buried in the Morgan Chapel Graveyard.

Family
Morgan Morgan held military and civil positions in colonial Virginia which entitled his female descendants to membership in the Colonial Dames of America. Col. Morgan and his wife Catherine Garretson had the following issues:
 * 1) James Morgan - Died at the age of
 * 2) Ann Morgan (Considered one of the 'Lost Tribes' of the Morgan Family)
 * 3) David Morgan (The Great Indian Fighter)
 * 4) Charles Morgan (Considered one of the 'Lost Tribes' of the Morgan Family)
 * 5) Henry Morgan (Considered one of the 'Lost Tribes' of the Morgan Family)
 * 6) Evan Morgan
 * 7) Zackquill Morgan (Founder of Morgantown, West Virginia)
 * 8) Morgan Morgan II

Y-DNA Haplogroup
The MORGAN Surname Y-DNA Project has among the donor test subjects, a man with the surname Morgan who traced his paternal line to Morgan Morgan. His haplogroup is R-M269.

A project donor who traced his paternal line to Lewis Morgan of Rhea County, Tennessee also has the haplogroup R-M269. The donor is a descendant of Mary Morgan, a widow who brought her children Lewis, John, George Washington, Willis, and likely a daughter named Mary Morgan from South Carolina to Rhea County Tennessee c. 1800. No primary source records stating or implying the identity of the patriarch of the family have been found. The maiden name of his wife Mary is also unproven. Autosomal DNA matches suggest that the Rhea County descendants could be among the "lost tribe" descendants of Charles Morgan or Henry Morgan.

title: Morgan Morgan