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Forever People

Forever People are a group of extraterrestrial superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. They first appeared in Forever People #1 (cover-dated February-March 1971), and were created by Jack Kirby as part of his "Fourth World" epic.

Publication history
The protagonists of the series are a group of young New Gods from New Genesis who were on a mission to oppose Darkseid on Earth, and talked, dressed, and acted much like the flower children of the 1960s. In addition to the individual abilities and equipment of the members, the group can join together using the technology of a Mother Box to summon the powerful hero known as the Infinity-Man. The group travels by use of their Super-Cycle. The first issue of their title also introduced the Boom Tube.

Their own title, The Forever People, debuted in 1971 and lasted 11 issues. They mainly fought Darkseid's forces, such as Glorious Godfrey in issue #3. Issues #9 and 10 guest-starred Deadman; according to writer/artist Jack Kirby's assistant Mark Evanier: "We were ordered to put Deadman into New Gods, but we slipped him into Forever People instead, where he was a little less obtrusive. Jack didn't like the character and didn't want to do it. He didn't feel he should be doing someone else's character. ... He doesn't want to trample on someone else's vision. Carmine [Infantino, DC Comics publisher and Deadman's co-creator] said the character hadn't sold and he wanted the Kirby touch on it." The series ended on a cliffhanger, with the Forever People stranded on Adon.

In a 1986 interview Kirby recalled that "the Forever People were the wonderful people of the '60s, who I loved. If you'll watch the actions of the Forever People, you'll see the reflection of the '60s in their attitudes, in the backgrounds, in their clothes. You'll see the '60s. I felt I would leave a record of the '60s in their adventures."

In 1988, a six-issue Forever People limited series by writer J. M. DeMatteis and artist Paris Cullins was published, showing what happens to the Forever People on Adon. This series reveals that the Forever People were originally humans who were saved from death and brought to New Genesis. They returned to Earth to oppose "the Darkness", a sentient but disembodied force of hopelessness. They were aided by a mysterious being, Maya, who is ultimately revealed to be the consciousness of their Mother Box.

During the events of Death of the New Gods, one of the miniseries that attempted to lead into Final Crisis, the human origin of the Forever People was retconned, and it was hinted that the five were to have been the first of the next evolution of the New Gods — godlings becoming more than the sum of their parts. In the Death of the New Gods, Superman and Mister Miracle discover that the Forever People were murdered several months prior to the discovery of their bodies, and it is later revealed that an impostor posing as Himon has been murdering the New Gods as an agent for the Source, but the murderer turns out to be Infinity-Man.

In the Final Crisis Sketchbook, the Forever People (along with other members of the New Gods) are shown to be given updated looks, which Grant Morrison calls "more gothic art school student than flower power". In the event itself, Japan's pop culture team, the Super Young Team, are revealed to be the Fifth World incarnation of the Forever People.

In The New 52, the series Infinity Man and the Forever People makes some changes, where Serifan is now Serafina, Vykin's sister, and Beautiful Dreamer has been renamed Dreamer Beautiful. This series was cancelled with issue #9 (May 2015).

Beautiful Dreamer
During the original Kirby run, Beautiful Dreamer had been linked romantically to Mark Moonrider, although outside of hand-holding, the exact nature of their relationship was never directly specified. In the 1988 miniseries, it was established that Dreamer had been married to Big Bear, and together they had a child, named Maya after the spirit of their old Mother Box. Since then, their marriage and daughter has been voided by a retcon during John Byrne's Jack Kirby's Fourth World series. When last shown, Dreamer was romantically involved with Takion, the new Highfather of New Genesis.

In Superman & Batman: Generations 3, she marries Superman, and has his children, Lar-El and Vara. All three are killed by Darkseid.

Powers and abilities
Like all the children of New Genesis, Beautiful Dreamer possesses the advanced physiology of a New God; she is extremely long-lived, has a limited degree of superhuman strength, resistance and reflexes. She is a skilled hand-to-hand combatant. She has psionic powers that allow her to create illusions and to scan people's minds to produce familiar images. These illusions are powerful enough to, for example, make someone believe they are leading a prisoner when they are only carrying empty chains. In addition, she has been able to feel the fluctuations within the Source.

Big Bear
Big Bear had been married to Beautiful Dreamer, and she had been pregnant with their daughter. A shift in time resulted in the marriage never happening and the child never having existed. This traumatized Beautiful Dreamer for a time. In Forever People #7, he was shown to have been responsible for the historical event that led to the legend of King Arthur.

Powers and abilities
A skilled hand-to-hand combatant, Big Bear is among the strongest of the children of New Genesis, making him superstrong by human standards, capable of bending steel and hurling giant redwood trees almost effortlessly. Big Bear's atomic structure is reinforced by a constant flow of so-called high-density atoms, and he is able to store an excess of free-flowing atoms which he can direct at will to reinforce the power of his already awesome punch. He is also the pilot of the Super-Cycle and an avid Earth history buff.

Mark Moonrider
During the original Kirby run, Beautiful Dreamer had been linked romantically to Mark Moonrider, although outside of hand-holding, the exact nature of their relationship was never directly specified. In the 1988 miniseries set on Adon, Mark was shown to have fallen in love with, and later married, one of the natives, Mina. They had three children (Merry, Wendy and Starbright), but when the shift in time caused by the Darkness' actions undid the events which 'evolved' the natives, this marriage now never had occurred, leaving Mark with only his friends.

Powers and abilities
In addition to being extremely long-lived, Mark has superhuman strength and reflexes and is resistant to conventional injury. Also, he has a keen mind with good leadership skills and he is well-trained in hand-to-hand combat. He possesses a Megaton Touch. With it, he can cause a tremendous explosion, and no doubt could easily kill with it if he and his companions were not sworn never to take a life. Used at low intensity, it can cause a severe shock. On one occasion he used his megaton touch to turn solid rock into molten lava.

Serifan
Serifan is the youngest member of the group, as well as the most vulnerable. The Dark saw this and possessed Serifan, using him to conquer Forevertown and plague the Forever People. After the Dark was defeated he returned to his normal self.

Powers and abilities
Serifan possesses limited telepathic powers, and wields "cosmic cartridges" that serve various purposes when wielded. For example, the cartridges can be used to create protective force fields, drain energy from people, manipulate gravity, modify atomic density, generate intense heat, power vehicles, and stun opponents. Also, the cartridges tune the wielder into the "cosmic Harmony" that is linked to the Source. His "Blue Cartridge"can manipulate life force and was used to help Deadman merge with a "Follower", an organic machine designed to act as his physical body.

Vykin
Throughout the Kirby run, Vykin was referred to as "Vykin the Black". He was the second black superhero to appear in a DC comic book, preceding Kirby's Black Racer by approximately seven months. When the Forever People were stranded on Adon, Mark Moonrider thought it would be advantageous to civilize the people of the planet. When Vykin used their Mother Box to do so, it overloaded and was destroyed, killing Vykin in the process, but managing to create Forevertown. When the Dark overtook and reversed the effects of the Mother Box, Vykin was brought back to life. Recently he was reunited on New Genesis with his mother, Valkyra the Commander, who rode a winged robotic horse. Later on, she sacrificed her life to save her lover Orion.

Powers and abilities
Like all New Gods, Vykin is functionally immortal and all his physical attributes are superhuman. Also, Vykin The Black possesses "Magno-Power", which enables him to project magnetic energy. He can mentally trace atomic patterns, and is therefore good at tracking. He has an intuitive grasp of the workings of complicated machinery. Vykin has a keen mind and he's a skilled hand-to-hand combatant. It is Vykin who carries the Forever People's Mother Box, a kind of sentient computer, and is attuned to her frequencies. He is also a language major.

Infinity-Man
Infinity-Man is Drax, the older brother of Uxas, who would later become Darkseid of Apokolips, and became the Infinity-Man after treachery at the hands of Uxas while attempting to harness the Omega Force for himself. No explanation was given as to why he was involved with the Forever People other than Big Bear's offhanded comment that they have an arrangement with him. The Infinity-Man's powers were never fully cataloged other than having some direct link to the Source, and the suggestion that since he originated from outside our universe, he was not bound by its physical laws. He was shown capable of flight, super-strength, enhanced vision powers, infini-beams, the ability to negate gravity and convert it into a repulsive force, restructuring atoms to pass through solid matter, and redirecting the flight path of bullets.

Fifth World
The Super Young Team are the contemporary Fifth World incarnations of the Forever People. Created by writer Grant Morrison in the early "52" stages of their DC Universe Final Crisis storyline, they are influenced by American super-heroes and Japanese pop culture, and were first mentioned in 52 #6. This group recruits Sunny Sumo, a powerful fighter who assisted the original Forever People in the first series.

Amalgam Comics
The Un-People are a superhero group in the Amalgam Comics universe, who are a combination of the Forever People and Marvel Comics' Inhumans.

Television

 * The Forever People make a non-speaking appearance in the Justice League episode "Twilight".
 * The Forever People appear in Young Justice, with Vykin voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson, Big Bear by Bill Fagerbakke, Beautiful Dreamer by Grey DeLisle, and Serifan by Dee Bradley Baker while Mark Moonrider has no dialogue.

Film
An alternate universe incarnation of Mark Moonrider makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in a flashback in Justice League: Gods and Monsters.

Video games
The Forever People appear as character summons in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure.

Miscellaneous
Alternate universe incarnations of the Forever People appear in the Justice League: Gods and Monsters tie-in comic as experiments created by Doctor Psycho.

Collected editions

 * Jack Kirby's The Forever People collects The Forever People #1–11, 288 pages, October 1999, ISBN 978-1563895104
 * Jack Kirby's Fourth World Omnibus
 * Volume 1 collects Forever People #1–3, Mister Miracle #1–3, The New Gods #1–3, Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen #133–139, 396 pages, May 2007, ISBN 978-1401213442 (hardcover); December 2011, ISBN 978-1401232412 (paperback)
 * Volume 2 collects Forever People #4–6, Mister Miracle #4–6, The New Gods #4–6, Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen #141–145, 396 pages, August 2007, ISBN 978-1401213572 (hardcover); April 2012, ISBN 978-1401234409 (paperback)
 * Volume 3 collects Forever People #7–10, Mister Miracle #7–9, The New Gods #7–10, Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen #146–148, 396 pages, November 2007, ISBN 978-1401214852 (hardcover); August 2012, ISBN 978-1401235352 (paperback)
 * Volume 4 collects Forever People #11; Mister Miracle #10–18; The New Gods #11; "Even Gods Must Die" from The New Gods vol. 2 #6; DC Graphic Novel #4: "The Hunger Dogs"; "On the Road to Armagetto!" (previously unpublished), 424 pages, March 2008, ISBN 978-1401215835 (hardcover); December 2012, ISBN 978-1401237462 (paperback)

title: Forever People


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I185

I-185 may refer to:

 * Interstate 185 (Georgia), a spur to Columbus, Georgia
 * Interstate 185 (South Carolina), a spur in Greenville, South Carolina
 * Japanese submarine I-185
 * Polikarpov I-185, a Soviet fighter aircraft

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: I185


text:
Uoo

UoO may refer to:

Uoo may refer to:
 * University of Okoboji
 * University of Otago
 * University of Oxford
 * University of Oregon
 * Uoo, Common of Yoo, Yu, Wu, Wi

title: Uoo


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Alan McCulloch (politician)

Alan Morton McCulloch is the leader of the small One New Zealand political party in New Zealand, and previously served as president of the party. He was mayor of East Coast Bays from 1974 to 1983, and has also served in a number of roles in North Shore, such as president of Grey Power, and stood as a candidate for the office of mayor of North Shore City.

In 1977, McCulloch was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal.

He claims that New Zealand is currently heading towards racial separatism, and strongly opposes what he sees as special treatment for New Zealand's Māori ethnic minority.

In the 2002 elections, McCulloch was ranked third on the One New Zealand list. He also contested the East Coast Bays electorate, coming sixth with 1.7% of the vote.

After the One New Zealand party disbanded, McCulloch later ran for the Auckland mayoralty in 2010 as an independent.

title: Alan McCulloch (politician)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Lili Wang

While a sad affair, both victim, murder and crime appear non-notable. Is Wikipedia a news archive? Also appears in List_of_Chinese_Americans. Ianb 06:07, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Strong keep - Actually, yes Wikipedia is indeed a news archive. She is an important case study for the Asian American community, as can be seen here: . Fuzheado | Talk 06:18, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

This is most definitely a notable case. -Mth
 * Unless that case study information is incorporated into the article, the article as it now stands is non-notable. Vote delete until such time as the article is made notable.  RickK 06:24, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree with RickK. Unless improvements are made to state the significance, delete. Average Earthman 14:46, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. --Gary D 23:37, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Just because something is tragic, that doesn't mean it belongs here. Delete. -- Cyrius|✎ 05:58, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Send to clean up with request for significance added. I remember the murder, but the article, as written, only contains the salacious story.  The use of this case for the immigrant/J-visa community needs to be in the article to explain why this item is important in general. Geogre 01:27, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete unless article cites a lot of use as a case study. Unfortunate, but not that notable. Niteowlneils 01:34, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. If it was linked by even just one substantial (i.e., not a list) article, then I'd vote to keep, but by itself it's not notable. --Benc 09:51, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, agree with Fuzheado. ---Dittaeva 13:51, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete unless case study information is incorporated into the article. Elf-friend 17:25, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I would not add articles to Wikipedia if I didn't believe they were significant.  The case is significant because of the unusual motives of the killer.  The case has become a rallying point for Asian-American activists, much like the Vincent Chin incident.  There are numerous articles about Lili Wang all over the web - I just didn't add them because I'm aware Wikipedia is not a "link farm".  Besides the links Fuzheado posted above, see also:
 * Note Reveals Motive In NCSU Murder-Suicide
 * Murder-Suicide Shocks N.C. State
 * Several NCSU short briefs
 * http://www.zaobao.com/special/newspapers/2002/10/eyah161002.html
 * comment: from the links provided I can't see any evidence of this being a "case study" or "rallying point". (the last link is in Chinese, which I can't comment on), only speculation on possible motives. Ianb 23:53, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I still think this case is important enough to warrant an article. The Wikipedia standard for inclusion of biographies is that the person is mentioned in several other places, and this article meets that standard.  I'm a neutral observer not involved in anything having to do with the Lili Wang case, but I thought it was interesting enough and that other people would find it interesting enough to deserve an article.  The only articles I linked it to were "List of murders" and "List of Chinese Americans", so it's not like I'm trying to clutter up Wikipedia with my articles or shove it in the face of someone who's not interested.  I linked it to "List of Chinese Americans" because I thought someone who is browsing that list is probably interested in Chinese-American issues and would be interested in knowing about the case.  If the Vincent Chin incident can have an article, then Lili Wang incident can most certainly have an article.  But whether we should keep or delete articles of allegedly marginal significance is going to bring us back to the ages-old Deletionism vs. Inclusionism Wikipedia debate - something which has not been resolved yet.  Frankly, if we can't decide whether to keep or delete, I say we should err on the side of caution and keep it.  -Mth
 * Delete—beyond the pale of notability. Postdlf 03:20, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * In addition to the citations above, you can see Lili Wang added to this list of "History of Anti-Asian Violence" (don't like linking to PDFs, so this is a Google-HTML link). Fuzheado | Talk 05:44, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

THIS DISCUSSION IS NOW CLOSED: 6 votes to delete 4 to keep. Deleted.


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Isoquant

An isoquant (derived from quantity and the Greek word iso, meaning equal), in microeconomics, is a contour line drawn through the set of points at which the same quantity of output is produced while changing the quantities of two or more inputs. The x and y axis on an isoquant represent two relevant inputs, which are usually a factor of production such as labour, capital, land, or organisation. An isoquant may also be known as an “Iso-Product Curve”, or an “Equal Product Curve”.

Isoquants vs. indifference curves
While an indifference curve mapping helps to solve the utility-maximizing problem of consumers, the isoquant mapping deals with the cost-minimization and profit and output maximisation problem of producers. Indifference curves further differ to isoquants, in that they cannot offer a precise measurement of utility, only how it is relevant to a baseline. Whereas, from an isoquant, the product can be measured accurately in physical units, and it is known by exactly how much isoquant 1 exceeds isoquant 2.

Nature and practical uses
In managerial economics, isoquants are typically drawn along with isocost curves in capital-labor graphs, showing the technological tradeoff between capital and labor in the production function, and the decreasing marginal returns of both inputs. In managerial economics, the unit of isoquant is commonly the net of capital cost. As such, isoquants by nature are downward sloping due to operation of diminishing marginal rates of technical substitution (MRTS). The slope of an isoquant represents the rate at which input x can be substituted for input y. This concept is the MRTS, so MRTS=slope of the isoquant. Thus, the steeper the isoquant, the higher the MRTS. Since MRTS must diminish, isoquants must be convex to their origin. Adding one input while holding the other constant eventually leads to decreasing marginal output.

The contour line of an isoquant represents every combination of two inputs which fully maximise a firms’ use of resources (such as budget, or time). Full maximisation of resources is usually considered ‘efficient’. Efficient allocation of factors of production occur only when two isoquants are tangent to one another. If a firm produces to the left of the contour line, then the firm is considered to be operating inefficiently, because they are not maximising use of their available resources. A firm cannot produce to the right of the contour line unless they exceed their constraints.

A family of isoquants can be represented by an isoquant map, a graph combining a number of isoquants, each representing a different quantity of output.An isoquant map can indicate decreasing or increasing returns to scale based on increasing or decreasing distances between the isoquant pairs of fixed output increment, as output increases. If the distance between those isoquants increases as output increases, the firm's production function is exhibiting decreasing returns to scale; doubling both inputs will result in placement on an isoquant with less than double the output of the previous isoquant. Conversely, if the distance is decreasing as output increases, the firm is experiencing increasing returns to scale; doubling both inputs results in placement on an isoquant with more than twice the output of the original isoquant. A firm can choose to utilise the information an isoquant gives on returns to scale, by using it as insight how to allocate resources. Knowing how to allocate resources is a concept pertinent to managerial economics. Isoquants can be useful to graphically represent this issue of scarcity. They show the extent to which the firm in question has the ability to substitute between two different inputs (x and y in the graph) at will in order to produce the same level of output (see: Graph C)). They also represent different quantity combinations of two goods which adhere to a budget constraint. Thus, they can be used as a tool to help management make better informed decisions regarding production and profit dilemmas, such as cost or waste minimization, and revenue and output maximization.

A firm can determine the least cost combination of inputs to produce a given output, by combining isocost curves and isoquants, and adhering to First Order Conditions. The least cost combination is where the ratio of marginal products is equal to the ratio of factor prices. At this point, the slope of the isoquant, and the slope of the isocost, will be equal (see intersection of graph D). A firm has incentive to produce at the least cost combination because it is at this point, the related costs of desired production are minimised.

As with indifference curves, two isoquants can never cross. Also, every possible combination of inputs is on an isoquant. Finally, any combination of inputs above or to the right of an isoquant results represents a higher level of output, and vice versa. Although the marginal product of an input decreases as you increase the quantity of the input while holding all other inputs constant, the marginal product is never negative in the empirically observed range since a rational firm would never increase an input to decrease output.

Shapes
If the two inputs are perfect substitutes, the resulting isoquant map generated is represented in fig. A; with a given level of production Q3, input X can be replaced by input Y at an unchanging rate. The perfect substitute inputs do not experience decreasing marginal rates of return when they are substituted for each other in the production function.

If the two inputs are perfect complements, the isoquant map takes the form of fig. B; with a level of production Q3, input X and input Y can only be combined efficiently in the certain ratio occurring at the kink in the isoquant. The firm will combine the two inputs in the required ratio to maximize profit.

Isoquants are typically combined with isocost lines in order to solve a cost-minimization problem for given level of output. In the typical case shown in the top figure, with smoothly curved isoquants, a firm with fixed unit costs of the inputs will have isocost curves that are linear and downward sloped; any point of tangency between an isoquant and an isocost curve represents the cost-minimizing input combination for producing the output level associated with that isoquant. A line joining tangency points of isoquants and isocosts (with input prices held constant) is called the expansion path.

Non-convexity
Under the assumption of declining marginal rate of technical substitution, and hence a positive and finite elasticity of substitution, the isoquant is convex to the origin. A locally nonconvex isoquant can occur if there are sufficiently strong returns to scale in one of the inputs. In this case, there is a negative elasticity of substitution - as the ratio of input A to input B increases, the marginal product of A relative to B increases rather than decreases.

A nonconvex isoquant is prone to produce large and discontinuous changes in the price minimizing input mix in response to price changes. Consider for example the case where the isoquant is globally nonconvex, and the isocost curve is linear. In this case the minimum cost mix of inputs will be a corner solution, and include only one input (for example either input A or input B). The choice of which input to use will depend on the relative prices. At some critical price ratio, the optimum input mix will shift from all input A to all input B and vice versa in response to a small change in relative prices.

title: Isoquant


text:
User talk:Gavin M

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text
 * IRC channel
 * Mailing lists
 * Current polls

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 06:17, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Sockpuppets
Are you the "creator" of the sockpuppets used in the Votes for deletion/The Sandkings discussion? (The arguments certainly sound the same.)

If so:
 * 1) Shame on you!
 * 2) I cannot understand the argument that sockpuppets were needed to make or strengthen the argument for deletion. If anything, it has fatally weakened it.
 * 3) At least two people (me included) have now actually voted to keep this article at least partially because sockpuppets were used. Which just proves how counterproductive this whole exercise has been for the sockpuppet creator.

Experiment Thanks
Thank you very much for helping me with the recent experiment on The Sandkings article. It provided me some data that voting manipulation is possible through sockpuppetry. In my Lois Banner experiment, I only saw one person vote solely based on one piece of misinformation with no regard to the rest of the article's content. I had to throw that out since I inadvertently exposed the experiment. However, the Sandkings experiment was more fruitful. A few voted with no regard to the article's content and solely on the opposite vote of the obvious sockpuppets. Some things to consider when trying this experiment again is to increase the frequency of comments. Rather than daily, maybe twice a day? Well, any refinements you can think of the better. After the creation of the dividing line in the vfd vote, there were only a handful of votes casted before the nomination was shipped to the /old section of vfd. Next time, a bigger sample size would be better. Again, thank you very much for the data, which backs up some of my theories on voting psychology. LipChick01 08:15, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Also, next time please do not make edit summaries such as " (i'd like to see how many keep votes this would get with just my proof for delete)". This looks like it tainted the experiment. :sigh: But, judging from the comments of the voters, it looks like they didn't read it. I'll just footnote it. Just be careful next time about possibly exposing the experiment. Good luck. LipChick01 08:32, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gavin M


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Sandkings

It's not encyclopedic. It's belongs on a fan web site rather than an encyclopedia. And it's only just 1 episode from a low notable tv series. And it seems that the series already ended, which means this is sneaky advertising of a product so other networks would syndicate the series. Gavin M 06:24, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, but wikify. Haven't you ever seen The Outer Limits?  :)  -- Merovingian  ✍  Talk  06:33, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. The Outer Limits was not a "low notable tv series" -- it often featured well-known science fiction stories, written by many famous authors. Outer Limits was often the first time these stories first saw dramatization.  As for individual episodes from the series,  if someone wants to take the time to produce encyclopedic articles on individual episodes, I say more power to them. - Kevyn 07:00, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Great article, good topic, a little obscure maybe but quite encyclopedic. Look forward to seeing more of these. Andrewa 10:21, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Reluctantly, keep. If this goes, so too go all the Babylon 5 episodes. As do all the minor characters from the Harry Potter series, minor characters, places, and occurrences from Tolkien, and probably thousands more pages. Not that I don't think they should all go, mind you, just that I think it would be politically impossible to get a consensus on the issue. - Kenwarren 13:53, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't see that as a problem myself, but I suspect I'm in the minority. One comment - this is the first episode of the 90's revival of the series (IMDB says this lasted 1995-2002), rather than the original classic series, and so is not as notable. Or good. I'm no sci-fi buff, though, so no vote. Average Earthman 14:54, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Episode synopses are well-established as acceptable deep within the Wikipedia structure, and this is a good one to boot. Jgm 19:55, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - as notable as episodes of any other television series. -- Cyrius|✎ 06:01, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, precedent is that episodes of TV shows are eligible for articles, and while I personally think this article in no way enriches the Wikipedia, I won't vote for its deletion when there are so many other episode articles out there (some damn good ones, too). —Stormie 06:09, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Frankly, I'm puzzled by your reasoning. How about if we keep the notable TV shows (I guess there are some) and toss out the nonnotable ones -- isn't that a workable rule? I completely don't understand the implication that if we let in one TV show, we have to open the gates to all of them. I'll bet WP has some articles about former high school teachers, but... you see where I'm going with this. With all due respect, Wile E. Heresiarch 06:51, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Wile E., I don't really watch TV, so I don't know what's notable and what's not. Hence I'm not going to vote for the deletion of some but not others, but rather to keep 'em, if someone's made the effort to write 'em. —Stormie 00:40, Jul 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Useless fancruft. It's not too late to start clearing away that crap. Wile E. Heresiarch 06:47, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep The Outer Limits is one of those shows where an article for each episode works far better than a single page on the show itself.  The cast and story were usually completely different between episodes.  Many episodes cast notable actors who only appeared in one show. The Steve 08:16, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Even the second run is a fairly well-known TV show, notable enough for inclusion of episode descriptions, not to mention it's a pretty good article. Everyking 11:20, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Arevich 13:51, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC) People are clearly interested in learning about The Sandkings. Arevich 13:51, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Postdlf 15:49, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, and keep original name. - SimonP 06:09, Jul 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid my previous comments and vote have fallen below the sockpuppet line. At this point, I'm willing to change my vote to keep, previous name.  I'm still not entirely convinced by Do not use subpages, and its links, but it will take me a while to develop a coherent argument and write a proposal.  I still think some sort of subpaging would be useful for fictional universes.  I understand that I have to deal with the body of previous debate, and why current methods are lacking; I might change my mind in the process.  Two questions:
 * 1) Are these debates archived forever, or will I need to make a personal copy?
 * 2) If I do develop a policy proposal I'd like to encourage discussion on, what should I do with it? Someone suggested Rating systems as a model; is it all right to create proposals in the Wikipedia: namespace, or would it be better on my talk page?        -- Creidieki 07:27, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Utter tripe Williamb 07:37, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Frankly, I couldn't care less about the TV episode. But the sockpuppet farce has me enraged. This vote has been corrupted. I'd rather keep a silly page than reward this kind of behaviour on wikipedia. --Woggly 07:21, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I would probably have voted to keep anyway, but the use of sockpuppetry to vote for the deletion of this article has really convinced me. Elf-friend 17:44, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. The individual who put this up for deletion in the first place is almost certainly responsible for the sockpuppets.  All of his edits are on this page.  Agree with Woggly...I'm pissed too. - Lucky 6.9 00:41, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. As a general rule I don't support individual episode articles, but this is an exception.  Not only is it the first episode in the second run, but the novelette it's based on won both a Hugo Award and a Nebula Award. Isomorphic 03:43, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

'''All further votes on this topic were made by sockpuppets. There are a few comments below made by real users, but it is mostly paragraphs of sockpuppetry. -- Cyrius|✎ 06:29, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)'''

 * Delete. I believe the term is pseudoinformation.  Rothko 05:27, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Sockpuppet -- Cyrius|✎ 06:01, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. If you loaded an Encarta or Britannica CD you wouldn't see television episode descriptions.  Goncharova 05:30, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Sockpuppet -- Cyrius|✎ 06:01, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Reviving old series are always unsuccessful.  Look at the Twilight Zone revival.  It only lasted 1 season before it got cancelled in comparison to the classic Twilight Zone, which lasted much longer. Matisse 05:33, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Sockpuppet -- Cyrius|✎ 06:01, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's a blatant vanity page. Jasper J 05:35, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Sockpuppet -- Cyrius|✎ 06:01, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Keep. Leger 05:37, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Sockpuppet -- Cyrius|✎ 06:01, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Wow, I think that's the first time I've seen an army of sockpuppets pop up to vote to delete an article, rather than to keep it! —Stormie 06:09, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * I think we should keep, but implement a Naming Convention policy on names of episodes from TV shows, and other subdivisions of literary works. I posted some comments about this on Votes_for_deletion/The_Cast_Away_Cat_Princess_Prelude.  There's no reason not to have episode summaries and character descriptions, particularly for (historically/socially) important TV episodes, comic books, etc.  But we can't clutter the namespace with the title of every anime episode every created.  I'd suggest moving this to The Outer Limits, Season 1, Episode 1.  I'd be happy to draft a policy about that sort of things to open discussion, but I'm still pretty new and I'm not sure where the right place to post it would be. Creidieki 06:04, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. The original Outer Limits series only lasted for about 2 years and is common knowledge among sci fi buffs.  However according to experts, the revived Outer Limits lasted for 7 years and most sci fi buffs don't even know the series was revived.  I think that speaks volumes on how notable the revived series is and how notable 1 episode from that series is. I say DELETE with pleasure.  Magritte 07:22, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Another sockpuppet. They never learn. Andrewa 10:03, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Moved page to The Outer Limits (1995) episode: The Sandkings to reduce namespace clutter. Creidieki 22:44, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Was this new namespace authorized by consensus? I remember there are several instances where people proposed creating new namespaces, but always the general consensus is not to create them.  For example, the idea for a 'List' namespace .  From what I've usually seen, TV episodes are usually created with the title and the name of the series in parentheses. Here are some examples: Soul Hunter (Babylon 5), Teacher's Pet (Buffy episode), The Chaser (The Twilight Zone). 128.125.30.47 23:26, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree with the anonymous commenter above—the titles of the episodes themselves should come first in the article title. The page should be moved back.  Postdlf 23:35, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * All right. I couldn't find any policies about naming subthingies of artistic works (characters, episodes, etc.), so I was basically trying to find a reasonable solution.  If there's a standard way, I certainly wouldn't object to it being moved back.  I'll take a look at the Naming Conventions page.  I'm a little uncertain on where to move this episode, though, because of the way the series was recontinued.  Would The Sandkings (Outer Limits) be all right, or would we want something like The Sandkings (Outer Limits (1995)), or The Sandkings (Outer Limits (Revival))?  There's at least one episode title ("Nightmare") that appears in both the 1960 series and the 1995 series.   Creidieki 01:29, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I wasn't able to find a standard for this type of situation. However, I was able to find an example of it.  It's in this page List of The Twilight Zone episodes, the episode "The After Hours" appears in the classic series and first revival.  Sorry, but that was the best that I could do to help the situation. Korcas 02:18, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Since it looks like this article is going to be kept, I'd go for the new namespace idea. There is no set standard on how episodes are suppose to be named and the namespace idea is a great way to get these crap articles out of the way.  This would definitely give more professionalism to Wikipedia.  Gavin M 04:02, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Comment: I'd keep the article named as The Outer Limits (1995) episode: The Sandkings. And how dare you accuse me of being a sockpuppet. Rothko 04:10, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree with the namespaced version. Also, I believe most of those keep votes are sockpuppets.  The person who started calling others sockpuppets must have been mistaken. Goncharova 04:13, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree too with the namespaced version. I am also disappointed in the petty name calling.  For shame. Matisse 04:15, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I concur with cleaning with article space with the new namespace. I think those people calling others sockpuppets might have been scared that this article would have been deleted.  That might be the reason for the labeling. Jasper J 04:18, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I like that namespace version too. I changed my vote even with the allegation of being a sockpuppet.  Would a sockpuppet do that, huh? Leger 04:20, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, keep the namespace as "The Outer Limits (1995) episode:". I have no idea why someone would call me a sockpuppet even after I provided a well reasoned argument for deleting this article. Magritte

 * Comment: There may not be episode naming precedents, but there is certainly a wikipedia precedent:  If the episode titles are unique, just the name.  If something else comes along with the same title, add a qualifier in parentheses afterwards and create a disambiguation page.  Why is this a problem? The Steve 04:29, Jul 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * I disagree. Jasper J 04:38, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't agree with that idea. Rothko 04:40, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I prefer the new namespace. Goncharova 04:41, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I am also disinclined with doing away with the new namespace. Matisse 04:42, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I disagree. The current name should stay the way it is. Leger 04:44, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I vote to keep the current name as it is. Magritte 04:45, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * All you sock puppets can pipe down. -- Cyrius|✎ 04:56, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I guess I was mainly thinking that people seem to sometimes have objections to pages for small components of a noteworthy whole.  It's come up with TV episodes (this, and The Cast Away Cat Princess' Prelude), I know there's at least one Digimon on the VfD page (Jagamon), and it's happened with college organizations (Votes for deletion/Virginia Tech Tae Kwon Do, though that may have been vanity as well).  It seemed like people might have less objections if there were some way to organize pages to indicate that they were being used to explain a larger topic.  And frankly, I agree with Gavin's comment that I think it would look more professional.  If you search wikipedia for "call long distance", you find a link to Long Distance Call, and it's not particularly obvious that that's a Twilight Zone episode.
 * I've probably also had in my mind that I think most people won't search for a TV episode by typing the name into the Search box and expecting the episode to appear; I think that people will search for episodes by looking up the series, and then clicking on a "List of episodes" link. I rarely know the name of individual TV episodes.  Then again, if people are looking for Jagamon, I can imagine them typing that in, instead of Digimon: Jagamon, so I'm not sure that my argument is completely solid.
 * The current method also makes it harder to predict where pages are for experienced users. I just looked for information on the Buffy episode "Hush", and it wasn't obvious that it was at Hush (Buffy episode) rather than Hush. It's certainly not obvious that the Buffy character "Angel" is at Angel (vampire).  We have an enormous number of very similar articles about fictional characters, TV episodes, video game monsters, etc., and I think it would be helpful to standardize their positions a bit.
 * Finally, I really think that Buffy character: Angel and Twilight Zone episode: Long Distance Call, or Buffy: Characters: Angel and Twilight Zone: Episodes: Long Distance Call, just look a lot better than Angel (vampire) and Long Distance Call (Twilight Zone).   Creidieki 10:15, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Try creating a formal proposal with a similar format as Rating_system. I'd like to hear more about the details of your naming standardization.  Also, try to include how the use of categories Categorization or disambiguation pages Disambiguation fails to address television naming issues that your naming standardization can.  If it's good, then there would be community consensus to implement it.  If it doesn't work out, at least you tried.  RockNRoll 18:36, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Why is this even being considered? See Do not use subpages. This seems to me to be an attempt to de facto reintroduce a system that was replaced because it failed. Ambivalenthysteria 13:28, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I still stand my vote to Delete this non-notable topic. And I have proof that this is not notable at all.  After careful research, I discovered that this particular episode is sold separately and is NOT packed with other episodes.  Here is the video for sale .  And here is MGM's attempt to sell this awful series: .  This evidence clearly shows that The Sandkings wasn't even good enough to bundle with other episodes in a DVD set.  Therefore, the only reasonable conclusion is to delete this article immediately because it is not notable.  If MGM thought it was any good, it would have bundled it with other episodes in its DVD sets of the revival Outer Limits series.  Rothko 05:18, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * With the evidence presented above, I change my vote to Delete. I also did my own research via Google, and look at how many hits it got. .  It got ZERO hits, and only an Amazon ad for DVD's is displayed.  It clearly FAILS the Google test.  Surely, some of those keep sockpuppets must be convinced that this article needs to be removed from this professional encyclopedia. Leger 05:19, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Hmmm. Interesting. I read the above evidence, but wasn't convinced, so I did my own work.  And I found an expert in the field of television and this is what he had to say about the new series: "Fast forward to the 90's, and this show has become liberal claptrap, with the plots of the show being nothing more than scanty window dressing to cover up the writers blatantly liberal agenda." .  Clearly, more people will now vote to delete after an EXPERT has said this series is nothing but liberal claptrap.  I vote to Delete this article and I still wonder what's with the unfounded sockpuppet name calling. Goncharova 05:19, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with the above three. I still vote to Delete this article.  I think all the sockpuppet name calling is just to make up for the LACK of evidence to keep this article.  So far, I've read a lot of convincing evidence above to delete this article.  I also found more evidence in support for deleting this article.  Apparently, this episode LOST out on an Emmy award.  The actor Beau Bridges LOST the Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actor to a show called Picket Fences.   Obviously, an encyclopedia wouldn't include an episode where the "star" didn't even win an award for his performance.  An encylcopedia is about notable things and obviously losing out on an award is not notable.  Please delete when the 5 days are over. Thanks. Jasper J 05:21, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm definitely convinced that the sockpuppet allegations is an attempt to undermine the delete vote. I'm sticking to Delete this article.  I also did some research, and I found out this episode also lost out on another award, a Gemini Award.  Two actors from this episode were nominated for the Gemini Award for Best Actor in a Dramatic Program or Miniseries and BOTH of them LOST.   .  Clearly, a show that keeps on losing out on awards is not something that belongs in an encyclopedia.  I hope all the evidence convinces some of those keep votes to delete this non-notable episode. Matisse 05:21, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

''Real comments should be added above the dividing line before the various sockpuppetry. -- Cyrius|✎ 07:48, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)''
 * Delete. DuChamp 06:18, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Consider this a formal warning. Stop using sockpuppets. -- Cyrius|✎ 06:20, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Another blatant attempt to bolster the keep votes by falsely accusing me of being a sockpuppet. It boggles the mind what people would do to make up for their lack of evidence to keep this article. DuChamp 06:23, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Considering how a flock of new users appeared all just to vote the same way on this VfD without any previous edits, all with user names ripped out of art history... Not exactly a clever subterfuge.  And not especially clever to argue against an episode's notability by claiming that it lost awards—the very fact that it was singled out for award nominations speaks of its notability.  Or should we delete the article on Pulp Fiction because Forrest Gump bested it for Best Picture?  Postdlf 22:06, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I doubt anyone would have listened to my reasons for deleting this article if it only came from 1 person. Besides, the truth is that NO proof has been presented that this article deserves to stay.  So far, there is a plethora of evidence for deleting this article for the reason non-notability.  The losing out on the awards is just one factor.  There is the suspicious MGM move to sell this one episode separately instead of bundling it with other season one episodes.  There is the proof of 0 Google hits and there is the opinion of the sci fi expert.  I'm confident some of those keep votes will change their minds once they get a chance to read the evidence for deleting this article.  I just hope they read it before the vfd deadline comes.  The user Williamb proves my point.  I doubt it was just a coincidence that a Delete vote came after I posted all the evidence of non-notability and I'm willing to bet that any more new votes from legitimate users will be delete.  J Pollock 06:23, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * You don't seem to understand: it's not a matter of proof, it's a matter of argument. The criteria for deletion are flexible. If you think an article should be deleted, you need to convince people to support you, not to prove to them that you are correct. You need to rally support from real users, not sockpuppets. And if your arguments aren't enough to convince other users to support you, you'll just have to live with that. In the meantime, the sockpuppet techinque you've employed is despicable, it only serves to cloud and clog up the argument, and you don't deserve the respect of your wikipeers.--Woggly 08:56, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the advice. It looks like it's too little too late for this article.  However, in the future, if I ever come across an article I feel strongly about it's deletion I'll try to rally people for support rather than use sockpuppets.  J Pollock 06:10, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * If you mean this sincerely, I'm very glad. Using sockpuppets is definitely a way to get attention. So is demonstrating in the nude, or blocking the highway with your vehicle. The question is whether that's the kind of attention you really want. Woggly 08:36, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

THIS DICUSSION IS NOW CLOSED: Even disregarding the sockpuppet contribution, the consensus is to keep. I choose to ignore all votes from users whose only activity is to vote in this debate, whether they are technically 'sockpuppets' or not. Questions of renaming and namespace I leave to the wider community. DJ Clayworth 21:20, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text: Category:Wiki communities

title: Category:Wiki communities


text:
The Black Cauldron

The Black Cauldron may refer to:

 * The Black Cauldron, a 1949 novel by William Heinesen
 * The Black Cauldron (novel), a 1965 novel by Lloyd Alexander, the second novel in his sequence of books The Chronicles of Prydain
 * The Black Cauldron (film), the Disney animated film based on The Chronicles of Prydain book series
 * The Black Cauldron (video game), the video game based on the film

title: The Black Cauldron


text:
Thomas Arthur (VC)

Thomas Arthur VC (1835 – 2 March 1902) was a British Army soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Victoria Cross action
Arthur was approximately 20 years old, and a gunner and driver in the Royal Regiment of Artillery during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

On 7 June 1855 at Sebastopol, Crimea, Gunner Arthur was in charge of the magazine in one of the left advanced batteries of the right attack, when the Quarries were taken. On his own initiative he carried barrels of infantry ammunition for the 7th Fusiliers several times during the evening, across the open. He volunteered for and formed one of the spiking party of artillery at the assault on the Redan on 18 June 1855 and on numerous occasions left the trenches to bring in wounded officers and men.

His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Artillery Museum, Woolwich, London.

title: Thomas Arthur (VC)


text:
Peter Badcoe

Peter John Badcoe, (11 January 1934 – 7 April 1967) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in battle that could be awarded at that time to a member of the Australian armed forces. Badcoe, born Peter Badcock, joined the Australian Army in 1950 and graduated from the Officer Cadet School, Portsea, in 1952 as a second lieutenant in the Royal Australian Artillery. A series of regimental postings followed, including a tour in the Federation of Malaya in 1962, during which he spent a week in South Vietnam observing the fighting. During the previous year, Badcock had changed his surname to Badcoe. After another regimental posting, he transferred to the Royal Australian Infantry Corps, and was promoted to major.

In August 1966, Badcoe arrived in South Vietnam as a member of the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam. He was initially a sub-sector adviser, but in December became the operations adviser for Thừa Thiên-Huế Province. In this role, between February and April 1967, he displayed conspicuous gallantry and leadership on three occasions while on operations with South Vietnamese Regional Force units. In the final battle, he was killed by machine-gun fire. He was highly respected by both his South Vietnamese and United States allies, and was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions. He was also awarded the United States Silver Star and several South Vietnamese medals. He was buried at Terendak Garrison Cemetery in Malaysia.

In 2008, Badcoe's medal set was auctioned for A$488,000 to Kerry Stokes in collaboration with the Government of South Australia. After going on display at the South Australian Museum and touring regional South Australia, it is now displayed in the Hall of Valour at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. Buildings and awards have been named after Badcoe, including the rest and recreation centre in South Vietnam, an assembly room and library at Portsea, the main lecture theatre at the Royal Military College, Duntroon, and a perpetual medal for an Australian Football League match held on Anzac Day; as well as the electoral district of Badcoe in the South Australian House of Assembly.

Early life and career

Badcoe was born Peter John Badcock on 11 January 1934 in the Adelaide suburb of Malvern, South Australia. His father was Leslie Allen Badcock, a public servant, and his mother was Gladys Mary Ann May Overton. He was educated at Adelaide Technical High School, before gaining employment as a clerk with the South Australian Public Service in 1950. Despite his father's opposition, Badcock held ambitions to join the Australian Army; and enlisted in the Regular Army on 10 June 1950.

After a brief posting to the 16th National Service Battalion in early 1952, Badcock entered the Officer Cadet School, Portsea, on 12 July 1952, and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Australian Artillery on 13 December that year. This was followed by a short posting to the 14th National Service Training Battalion, then a posting to the 1st Field Regiment in 1953. He returned to train national servicemen at Puckapunyal, Victoria, in 1955–1957. On 26 May 1956, he married Denise Maureen MacMahon in the Methodist Church at Manly, New South Wales. The couple had three daughters – Carey, Kim and Susanne. Badcock was posted back to the 1st Field Regiment in 1957–1958.

A junior staff officer in the Directorate of Military Operations and Plans at Australian Army Headquarters from 1958 until 1961, he was promoted to temporary captain in 1958, and substantive captain in June 1960. On 6 February 1961, he was posted to the 4th Field Regiment, and the same year changed his surname to Badcoe. The couple decided to change their surname after their third daughter was born in order to make it easier for them.

On training exercises, Badcoe was aggressive and energetic. He was also a quiet, gentle and retiring man who confided mainly in his wife and had a dry wit. His colleagues found him inscrutable. He avoided boisterous mess activities and preferred reading military history. Short and stocky, a teetotaller who did not smoke, he wore horn-rimmed spectacles and regaled his colleagues on military matters when off-duty.

In June 1961, Badcoe was posted to the 103rd Field Battery as battery captain, and served a tour with them in the Federation of Malaya, attached to a British unit, in the aftermath of the Malayan Emergency. He was detached from Malaya to South Vietnam over the period 7–14 November 1962, and observed how that country was combating the Viet Cong (VC) and North Vietnamese insurgency. During his visit, Badcoe sought opportunities to experience combat. He spent five days with an Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) battalion on operations in Quảng Ngãi Province, during which the unit had contacts with the enemy, including a pitched battle. During what was supposed to be a rest period, he arranged a helicopter flight to visit a Montagnard base in the Central Highlands. When his return to Malaya was delayed by an aircraft engine breakdown, he managed to join a heliborne operation of the 7th ARVN Division in the Mekong Delta. He returned to the 1st Field Regiment in November 1962 and remained with the unit until August 1965. At this point, Badcoe transferred from the artillery to the Royal Australian Infantry Corps, and on promotion to temporary major on 10 August 1965, was posted to the Infantry Centre at Ingleburn, New South Wales. Badcoe successfully applied for a posting with the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam (AATTV), and attended adviser courses at the Intelligence Centre at Mosman, New South Wales, and Jungle Training Centre in Canungra, Queensland. He was promoted to provisional major in June 1966.

Vietnam War

Badcoe arrived in South Vietnam on 6 August 1966 as a member of the AATTV. He was posted as a sub-sector adviser in the Nam Hóa District of Thừa Thiên Province. Sub-sector advisers worked at the district level with two elements of the Territorial Forces, the Regional Force (RF) and Popular Force (PF), which were both forms of full-time provincial militia under control of the provincial chief, who was also the military sector chief. Each sector corresponded with a province, and each sub-sector with a district. The sector and sub-sector advisers had several responsibilities: to accompany the RF/PF, colloquially known as "Ruff-Puffs", on operations; to provide on-the-job training to the RF/PF; to oversee security in the hamlets; and to liaise with the ARVN troops operating in the sector or sub-sector.

In his first week at Nam Hóa, Badcoe was advising an RF company on a clearing operation when it came under fire from VC irregulars in a treeline. As the company pressed forward, it came under fire from a bunker. Badcoe unsuccessfully tried to silence the bunker using his rifle and hand grenades, at which point the company commander suggested calling in close air support. Badcoe responded that air support was not necessary. He collected two jerrycans of petrol from a jeep following the company and then, circling around using cover, approached the bunker from outside its arc of fire. He poured both jerrycans over the bunker, backed off some distance and ignited it with a white phosphorus grenade, destroying the VC position and allowing the company to advance.

Easily identified by the maroon paratroop beret he wore, Badcoe led from the front and gave the impression he believed himself invincible. According to the former AATTV adviser and military historian Ian McNeill, enthusiasm, courage and audacity were Badcoe's hallmarks, and those around him were often infected by his optimism. Badcoe was so fearless he appeared reckless, and was often cautioned by colleagues in this respect. Jim Pashen, a warrant officer serving with the AATTV, recalled Badcoe driving alone in a jeep from Huế to Quảng Trị, and being shot at by snipers as he passed by. Badcoe was also very interested in Vietnam, its people and their customs, and was particularly fascinated by Huế, the ancient royal city. He traded alcohol and souvenirs from the AATTV's canteen with US Marines to acquire equipment for RF units, and also donated food and supplies to an orphanage.

In December 1966, Badcoe became the sector operations adviser at the provincial headquarters in Huế. This role generally involved planning, liaison and staff work, but Badcoe interpreted his duty statement flexibly and led local forces into combat whenever he got the chance. According to a fellow AATTV officer, Captain Barry Rissel, he was a "veritable tiger" in combat, a characteristic that led his US allies to dub him "The Galloping Major". At his first meeting with Badcoe, Corporal Chris Black described the scene: "An old, bright red beret sat jauntily on his head. His drab jungle greens were almost hidden under the most amazing collection of weapons I have ever seen on one man. A Swedish sub-machine gun, his favourite, hung over one shoulder. It was balanced on the other side by a snub-nosed grenade launcher. On his belt an Australian pistol hung heavily and in one hand he heft an American machine-gun. He lowered the armament to the floor, crossed the room, shook hands, refused a drink and talked about his boys."

On 23 February 1967, Badcoe and his United States Marine Corps deputy, Captain James Custar, were advising an RF company operation in the Phu Thu District. About 600 m on their flank was a PF platoon accompanied by two United States Army advisers, Captain Clement and Sergeant Thomas. Badcoe and Custar began to hear intermittent rifle fire, coming from the direction of the flanking platoon. Custar was monitoring radio transmissions when he heard that Clement had been wounded and Thomas was in danger. Badcoe ran across the intervening fire-swept ground to reach the PF platoon, with the enemy fire intensifying as he approached. He discovered that Clement was lying 150 m ahead of the platoon, and had been mortally wounded while going to assist a wounded PF soldier. Thomas had tried to reach Clement and had in turn been wounded and was lying in the open between Clement and the platoon, which had pulled back. Badcoe observed that the enemy were dug in along a small rise, and appeared to be in about company-strength and readying for an attack. He gathered the PF platoon and led a frontal assault on the enemy position, firing as he went. Dodging automatic fire, he charged a machine-gun position and shot the crew with his rifle. Led by Badcoe, the PF platoon inflicted heavy casualties on the enemy. Once the PF platoon had consolidated its position, Badcoe went back, still under fire, to lift Clement and carry him out of the danger area. He then returned and assisted Thomas to a position from which he could be safely evacuated. The operation concluded successfully.

Two weeks later, the sector RF reaction company was tasked to the Quảng Điền District sub-sector on 7 March in response to an attack on its district headquarters by a VC force of about two battalions. Quảng Điền District headquarters was in the eponymous village, about 25 km northwest of Huế. Badcoe was travelling in a vehicle convoy with his deputy and another US officer, when their vehicle veered off the road into a ditch. His deputy was killed and Badcoe left the vehicle and joined the company commander as they drove towards the village. By the time Badcoe and the company arrived, the village was occupied by the VC, and they were attacking the district headquarters from three sides. Badcoe quickly formed the company up into platoons, then led them through enemy fire to a position which flanked the VC. Forming them into an extended line, he then led them in an assault across open ground against the main VC force. In the face of this attack, the VC withdrew in disarray and the garrison of the district headquarters was saved. Badcoe's intervention prevented serious losses and the capture of the district headquarters.

Badcoe became disillusioned with the war during his service in South Vietnam. He was particularly affected by an incident in February 1967 in which the ARVN regiment he was working with called in a napalm strike on a VC-occupied village, whose population was strongly supportive of the government, instead of attempting to attack and dislodge the VC. Badcoe and other advisers attempted to stop the use of napalm, but the ARVN divisional headquarters overruled them. A total of 40 civilians were killed or wounded, and Badcoe spent the next day-and-a-half arranging the removal of bodies and new accommodation for the survivors. He eventually concluded that the conflict was an "unwinnable war". On 7 April, Badcoe, who wrote frankly to his wife and children, penned a letter to them expressing his "unease and cynicism" about the conduct of the war and indicating that he wished to come home. At this time Badcoe was planning to take a short break on the Japanese island of Okinawa starting the following day, with an Australian Army friend who had been visiting him, observing operations.

When he returned from the field early in the morning of 7 April, Badcoe was told that he was required to act as sector headquarters duty officer due to the illness of another adviser. He saw his friend off to Da Nang and returned to Huế where he commenced duty, planning to join his friend once he had completed his shift. He soon became aware that an operation was going badly for an ARVN force at the hamlet of An Thuan in Hương Trà District, about 12 km north of Huế. The operation involved the elite Hac Bao (Black Panther) divisional reaction company of the 1st ARVN Division, along with a squadron of armoured personnel carriers (APCs) and two RF companies. They were attempting to eliminate a VC force of about two companies which was holding well-entrenched positions at An Thuan. The ARVN force had been met with intense fire and had suffered heavy casualties. Badcoe realised that the force did not have any advisers, because one of the Hac Bao advisers was ill, and advisers were required to work in pairs. Without any advisers, the ARVN were unable to access close air support to dislodge the VC.

Badcoe decided that he needed to go out to the ARVN force and assist them. He arranged for relief as the sector duty officer, grabbed his weapons and equipment, and collected Sergeant Alberto Alvarado, his US Army deputy adviser and radio operator. They sped in their jeep towards An Thuan. Upon arrival, they found the ARVN force preparing for another assault, which was to consist of the APCs followed by the Hac Bao company. Badcoe and his deputy climbed aboard an APC and joined the attack. About 250 m from An Thuan, the force was moving through the hamlet's cemetery and hostile fire increased markedly, from recoilless rifles, mortars, machine guns and small arms. The APCs drove through the cemetery and deployed to suppress the enemy fire. The Hac Bao company pressed forward through the cemetery, at which time Badcoe and Alvarado dismounted and joined them. During the last stages of the attack, the two advisers were leading the infantry when the enemy fire became so heavy that both the APCs and infantry began falling back through the cemetery.

Badcoe began rallying the ARVN soldiers to renew the assault, and artillery was called in on the enemy positions. After this, Badcoe and Alvarado again pushed forward, attempting to encourage the ARVN troops to press home the attack. The final stages of the line of assault crossed dry, open rice paddy fields with no cover. Enemy fire converged on Badcoe, Alvarado and the ARVN troops, who again went to ground. On this occasion, Badcoe refused to fall back. He headed straight for an enemy machine-gun position that was causing devastation among the ARVN force. Forced to ground by the intense fire, Badcoe was soon joined by Alvarado. Badcoe lifted himself up to throw a hand grenade, but was pulled down by Alvarado as bullets cracked overhead. When he rose to throw again, he was cut down by machine-gun fire and killed instantly. Alvarado attempted to recover his body, but was shot in the leg. He then used his radio to call in close air support and more artillery to suppress the enemy fire. The Hac Bao company, supported by the APCs, then moved forward and captured the objective.

A military funeral for Badcoe was held in Huế, the largest for any Allied soldier until that date. Badcoe was buried in the Terendak Garrison Cemetery in Malacca, Malaysia. The epitaph on his gravestone reads: "He lived and died a soldier". According to McNeill, Badcoe was highly respected by both South Vietnamese and US allies, and was an inspirational leader who had saved the lives of his comrades and turned defeat into victory on many occasions.

Post-script

For his courage and leadership on 23 February, 7 March, and 7 April 1967, Badcoe was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in battle that could be awarded at that time to a member of the Australian armed forces. The full citation for the award appeared in The London Gazette on 17 October 1967. It read, in part:

"On 23rd February 1967 he was acting as an Advisor to a Regional Force Company in support of a Sector operation in Phu Thu District. He monitored a radio transmission which stated that the Subsector Adviser, a United States Army Officer, had been killed and that his body was within 50 metres of an enemy machine gun position; further, the United States Medical Adviser had been wounded and was in immediate danger from the enemy. Major Badcoe with complete disregard for his own safety moved alone across 600 metres of fire-swept ground and reached the wounded Adviser, attended to him and ensured his future safety. He then organised a force of one platoon and led them towards the enemy post. His personal leadership, words of encouragement, and actions in the face of hostile enemy fire forced the platoon to successfully assault the enemy position and capture it, where he personally killed the machine gunners directly in front of him. He then picked up the body of the dead officer and ran back to the Command post over open ground still covered by enemy fire.

On 7th March 1967, at approximately 0645 hours, the Sector Reaction Company was deployed to Quang Dien Subsector to counter an attack by the Viet Cong on the Headquarters. Major Badcoe left the Command group after their vehicle broke down and a United States Officer was killed; he joined the Company Headquarters and personally led the company in an attack over open terrain to assault and capture a heavily defended enemy position. In the face of certain death and heavy losses his personal courage and leadership turned certain defeat into victory and prevented the enemy from capturing the District Headquarters.

On 7th April 1967, on an operation in Huong Tra District, Major Badcoe was with the 1st A.R.V.N. Division Reaction Company and some armoured personnel carriers. During the move forward to an objective the company came under heavy small arms fire and withdrew to a cemetery for cover, this left Major Badcoe and his radio operator about 50 metres in front of the leading elements, under heavy mortar fire. Seeing this withdrawal, Major Badcoe ran back to them, moved amongst them and by encouragement and example got them moving forward again. He then set out in front of the company to lead them on; the company stopped again under heavy fire but Major Badcoe continued on to cover and prepared to throw grenades, when he rose to throw, his radio operator pulled him down as heavy small arms fire was being brought to bear on them; he later got up again to throw a grenade and was hit and killed by a burst of machine gun fire. Soon after, friendly artillery fire was called in and the position was assaulted and captured.

Major Badcoe's conspicuous gallantry and leadership on all these occasions was an inspiration to all, each action, ultimately, was successful, due entirely to his efforts, the final one ending in his death. His valour and leadership were in the highest traditions of the military profession and the Australian Regular Army."

- The London Gazette 17 October 1967

Denise Badcoe received her husband's Victoria Cross from the Governor-General, Lord Casey, at Government House, Canberra, on 5 April 1968. Badcoe was awarded the United States Silver Star with bronze oak leaf cluster, Air Medal and Purple Heart, and was made a Knight of the National Order of Vietnam. South Vietnam also awarded him the Cross of Gallantry with Palm, Gold Star, and Silver Star, the Armed Forces Honor Medal, First Class, Vietnam Campaign Medal and Wound Medal, and he posthumously received the Vietnam Medal and Australian Defence Medal from Australia. The Official History of Australia's Involvement in Southeast Asian Conflicts 1948–1975 judged that Badcoe was "a dedicated career soldier" who "quickly acquired an understanding of the Vietnamese people and their customs along with an affectionate respect for the Vietnamese territorials he trained and led".

Members of the AATTV received many decorations, and the unit gained the distinction of being "probably the mostly highly decorated unit for its size in the Australian Army". Only four Australians were awarded the Victoria Cross in Vietnam; all went to members of the AATTV, two of them posthumously.

The soldiers' club at the 1st Australian Support Compound in Vung Tau was named the Peter Badcoe Club in his honour in November 1967. At Portsea, the assembly room and library was named after him, complete with a portrait and bronze plaque. After Portsea closed in 1985, the main lecture theatre in the Military Instruction Block at Royal Military College, Duntroon in Canberra was named after him. In 1998–1999, a rest area in Badcoe's honour was established near Lake George on the Remembrance Driveway between Canberra and Sydney. In 1999, the Ex-Military Rehabilitation Centre moved to the "Peter Badcoe VC Complex" at Edinburgh, South Australia.

Badcoe's medal group and personal memoirs were offered for sale by auction in Sydney on 20 May 2008 and were sold for A$488,000 to the media magnate and philanthropist Kerry Stokes in collaboration with the Government of South Australia. Badcoe's Victoria Cross and associated medals were displayed at the South Australian Museum in Adelaide, prior to being toured to 17 regional towns in South Australia between 21 March and 20 June 2009, before being displayed permanently at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra from 2016. His VC was the 71st of the 100 VCs awarded to Australians to be placed on public display there. Since 2004, the award for the player displaying the most courage, skill, self-sacrifice and teamwork in the Australian Football League match in Adelaide on Anzac Day each year has been called the Peter Badcoe VC Medal. The medal has been won by three times by Travis Boak of the Port Adelaide Football Club, and twice by Joel Selwood of the Geelong Football Club.

In 2015, the Australian government repatriated the remains of 22 Australian soldiers buried at Terendak, but the Badcoe family asked that he remain buried there, in accordance with his express wishes. In 2016, the South Australian electoral district of Ashford was renamed Badcoe in his honour. In 2020, a 60-bed residential aged care facility named Peter Badcoe VC House was completed in Newcastle, New South Wales, by the Returned and Services League of Australia (New South Wales Branch) aged care arm, RSL LifeCare.

title: Peter Badcoe


text:
Michael Palmer (poet)

Michael Palmer (born May 11, 1943) is an American poet and translator. He attended Harvard University, where he earned a BA in French and an MA in Comparative Literature. He has worked extensively with Contemporary dance since the 1970s and has collaborated with many composers and visual artists. Palmer has lived in San Francisco since 1969.

Palmer is the 2006 recipient of the Wallace Stevens Award from the Academy of American Poets. This $100,000 (US) prize recognizes outstanding and proven mastery in the art of poetry.

Beginnings
Michael Palmer began actively pursuing a career in poetry during the 1960s. Two events in the early sixties seem decisive to his development as a poet.

First, Palmer attended the Vancouver Poetry Conference in 1963. This July–August 1963 Poetry Conference in Vancouver, British Columbia spanned three weeks and involved about sixty people who had registered for a program of discussions, workshops, lectures, and readings designed by Warren Tallman and Robert Creeley as a summer course at the University of B.C. There Palmer met writers and artists who would leave a mark on his own developing sense of a poetics, especially Robert Duncan, Robert Creeley, and Clark Coolidge, with whom he formed lifelong friendships. It was a landmark moment as Robert Creeley observed: “The Vancouver Poetry Conference brought together for the first time, a decisive company of then disregarded poets such as Denise Levertov, Charles Olson, Allen Ginsberg, Robert Duncan, Margaret Avison, Philip Whalen... together with as yet unrecognised younger poets of that time, Michael Palmer, Clark Coolidge and many more.”

The second decisive event in Palmer’s early career as a poet began with the editing of the journal Joglars alongside fellow poet Clark Coolidge. Joglars (Providence, Rhode Island) numbered just three issues in all, published between 1964 and 1966, but it extended Palmer’s correspondence with fellow poets begun in Vancouver. The first issue appeared in Spring 1964 and included poems by Gary Snyder, Michael McClure, Fielding Dawson, Jonathan Williams, Lorine Niedecker, Robert Kelly, and Louis Zukofsky. Palmer published five of his own poems in the second number of Joglars, an issue that included work by Larry Eigner, Stan Brakhage, Russell Edson, and Jackson Mac Low.

For those who attended the Vancouver Conference or learned about it later on, it was apparent that second-generation modernist poet Charles Olson was exerting a significant influence on the emerging generation of artists and poets (the so-called third-generation modernists) who came to prominence in the 1950s and 1960s, and included the New American poets. The latter poets, such as Robert Creeley, Robert Duncan, and Denise Levertov would have an impact on the new generation of artists emerging in the 1970s, which included Palmer. Says Palmer:

"“...before meeting that group of poets in 1963 at the Vancouver Poetry Conference, I had begun to read them intensely, and they proposed alternatives to the poets I was encountering at that time at Harvard, the confessional poets, whose work was grounded to a greater or lesser degree in New Criticism, at least those were their mentors. The confessional poets struck me as people absolutely lusting for fame, all of them, and they were all trying to write great lines.”"

Work and recognition
Palmer is the author of fourteen full-length books of poetry, beginning in 1972 with Blake's Newton and most recently in 2021 with Little Elegies for Sister Satan. Other notable collections include Company of Moths (2005) (shortlisted for the 2006 Canadian Griffin Poetry Prize), The Promises of Glass (2000), At Passages (1996), Sun (1988), and Notes for Echo Lake (1981).

A prose work, The Danish Notebook, was published in 1999. In the spring of 2007, a chapbook, The Counter-Sky (with translations by Koichiro Yamauchi), was published by Meltemia Press of Japan, to coincide with the Tokyo Poetry and Dance Festival. Palmer’s work has appeared in literary magazines such as Boundary 2, Berkeley Poetry Review, Sulfur, Conjunctions, Grand Street and O-blek.

Besides the 2006 Wallace Stevens Award, Michael Palmer's honors include two grants from the Literature Program of the National Endowment for the Arts. In 1989-90 he was a Guggenheim Fellow. During the years 1992–1994 he held a Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund Writer's Award. From 1999 to 2004, he served as a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets. In the spring of 2001 he received the Shelly Memorial Prize Prize from the Poetry Society of America.

Since he seems to explore the nature of language and its relation to human consciousness and perception, Palmer is often associated with the Language poets (sometimes referred to as the L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets, after the magazine that bears that name).

Of this particular association, Palmer comments in an interview: "”It goes back to an organic period when I had a closer association with some of those writers than I do now, when we were a generation in San Francisco with lots of poetic and theoretical energy and desperately trying to escape from the assumptions of poetic production that were largely dominant in our culture. My own hesitancy comes when you try to create, let's say, a fixed theoretical matrix and begin to work from an ideology of prohibitions about expressivity and the self — there I depart quite dramatically from a few of the Language Poets.”"

Themes and writing style
Introducing Palmer for a reading in 1996, Brighde Mullins noted that his poetics is both “situated yet active.” Likewise, Palmer himself speaks of the poem on the page as signaling a "site of passages": ""The space of the page is taken as a site in itself, a syntactical and visual space to be expressively exploited, as was the case with the Black Mountain poets, as well as writers such as Frank O'Hara, perhaps partly in response to gestural abstract painting.""

Elsewhere, Palmer observes that "in our reading we have to rediscover the radical nature of the poem" and search for "the essential place of lyric poetry" as we delve "beneath it to its relationship with language". Here Palmer confronts not only the problem of subjectivity and public address, but the specific agency of poetry and its relationship with the political: ""The implicit...question has always concerned the human and social justification for this strange thing, poetry, when it is not directly driven by the political or by some other, equally other evident purpose [...] Whereas the significant artistic thrust has always been toward artistic independence within the world, not from it.""

If poetry and literature is, as Pound observed, "news that stays news", in his own work Palmer also wants to account for a subterranean or “counter-tradition”. He invokes the latter as a way to “think against” the prevailing doxa, and to have access to an 'alternative tradition' that slips under the radar of the Academy but exerts an underground influence.

Palmer has repeatedly stated, in interviews and talks over the years, that the situation for the poet is parodoxical: a seeing which is blind, a "nothing you can see", an "active waiting", "purposive, sometimes a music", or a "nowhere" that is "now / here". For Palmer, poetry can "interrogate the radical and violent instability of our moment, asking where is the location of culture, where the site of self, selves, among others" (as Palmer has characterized the poetry of Myung Mi Kim).

Critical reception
Michael Palmer's poetry has been described variously as abstract, intimate, elegant, hermetic, allusive, personal, political and inaccessible. While some reviewers or readers may value Palmer's work as an "extension of modernism", some criticize Palmer's work as discordant: an interruption of our composure (to invoke Robert Duncan's phrase).

As for the modernist project, its legacy is something Palmer both resists and embraces. Palmer is candid about the towering figures of early modernism, the great inventors of the period, those who MADE THINGS NEW. (i.e., Yeats, Eliot and Pound). But Palmer clearly states that there remains “something quite harrowing inscribed at the heart of modernism.”

Perhaps the "weary beauty" of his work comes out of Palmer’s concern “to maintain or at least continue the search for an ethics of the I/Thou." The poet must suffer 'loss', embrace disturbance and paradox, agonizing over what cannot be accounted for. Palmer will admit into his work that "essential errancy of discovery in the poem" that would not be a “unified narrative explanation of the self,” but would allow for “cloaked meaning and necessary semantic indirection.”

Collaborations
Palmer has continued to work on his own and with others through multiple collaborations in the fields of dance, translation, teaching, and the visual arts. Perhaps similar to Olson's and Duncan’s impact on their generation, Palmer's influence remains singular and palpable, if difficult to measure.

Palmer has published translations from French, Russian and Brazilian Portuguese, and has engaged in multiple collaborations with painters. These include the German painter Gerhard Richter, French painter Micaëla Henich, and Italian painter Sandro Chia. He edited and helped translate Nothing The Sun Could Not Explain: Twenty Contemporary Brazilian Poets (Sun & Moon Press, 1997).

With Michael Molnar and John High, Palmer helped edit and translate a volume of poetry by the Russian poet Alexei Parshchikov, Blue Vitriol (Avec Books, 1994). He also translated "Theory of Tables" (1994), a book written by Emmanuel Hocquard, a project that grew out of Hocquard's translations of Palmer's "Baudelaire Series" into French. Palmer has written many radio plays and works of criticism.

Dance
Since the 1970s, Palmer has collaborated on over a dozen dance works with Margaret Jenkins and her Dance Company. Early dance scenarios in which Palmer participated include Interferences, 1975; Equal Time, 1976; No One but Whitington, 1978; Red, Yellow, Blue, 1980, Straight Words, 1980; Versions by Turns, 1980; Cortland Set, 1982; and First Figure, 1984. A noteworthy example of a Jenkins/Palmer collaboration might be The Gates (Far Away Near), an evening-length dance work in which Palmer worked with not only Ms. Jenkins, but also Paul Dresher and Rinde Eckert. This was performed in September 1993 in the San Francisco Bay Area and in July 1994 at New York's Lincoln Center.

Another recent collaboration with Jenkins resulted in "Danger Orange", a 45-minute outdoor site-specific performance, presented in October 2004 before the presidential elections. The color orange metaphorically references the national alert systems that are in place that evoke the sense of danger.[see also:Homeland Security Advisory System]

Painters and visual artists
Similar to his friendship with Robert Duncan and the painter Jess Collins, Palmer's work with painter Irving Petlin is important.

Palmer has also worked with painter and visual artist Augusta Talbot, and curated her exhibition at the CUE Art Foundation (March 17 -April 23, 2005) Talbot, in turn, provided the cover art for Palmer’s collection The Company of Moths (2005) and for Thread (2006). When asked how collaboration has pushed or shaped the boundaries of his work, Palmer responded:

"“One was that, when I was using language — but even when I wasn't, when I was simply envisioning a structure, for example — I was working with the idea of actual space. Over time, my own language took on a certain physicality or gestural character that it hadn't had as strongly in the earliest work. Margy (Margaret Jenkins) and I would often work with language as gesture and gesture as language---we would cross these two media, have them join at some nexus. And inevitably then, as I brought certain characteristics of my work to dance, and to dance structure and gesture, it started crossing over into my work. It added space to the poems."

These are not one-off collaborations for Palmer: they are on-going. It may be that friendship via collaboration becomes part of what Jack Spicer terms a "composition of the real.” And that might articulate a place for, and even spaces where, both the "poetic imaginary" is constituted and a possible social space is envisioned.

Poetry

 * Plan of the City of O, Barn Dreams Press (Boston, Massachusetts), 1971.
 * Blake's Newton, Black Sparrow Press (Santa Barbara, California), 1972.
 * C's Songs, Sand Dollar Books (Berkeley, California), 1973.
 * Six Poems, Black Sparrow Press (Santa Barbara, California), 1973.
 * The Circular Gates, Black Sparrow Press (Santa Barbara, California), 1974.
 * (Translator, with Geoffrey Young) Vicente Huidobro, Relativity of Spring: 13 Poems, Sand Dollar Books (Berkeley, California), 1976.
 * Without Music, Black Sparrow Press (Santa Barbara, California), 1977.
 * Alogon, Tuumba Press (Berkeley, California), 1980.
 * Notes for Echo Lake, North Point Press (Berkeley, California), 1981.
 * (Translator) Alain Tanner and John Berger, Jonah Who Will Be 25 in the Year 2000, North Atlantic Books (Berkeley, California), 1983.
 * First Figure, North Point Press (Berkeley, California), 1984.
 * Sun, North Point Press (Berkeley, California), 1988.
 * At Passages, New Directions (New York, New York), 1995.
 * The Lion Bridge: Selected Poems, 1972-1995, New Directions (New York, New York), 1998.
 * The Promises of Glass, New Directions (New York, New York), 2000.
 * Codes Appearing: Poems, 1979-1988, New Directions (New York, New York), 2001. Notes for Echo Lake, First Figure, and Sun together in one volume. ISBN 978-0-8112-1470-4
 * (With Régis Bonvicino) Cadenciando-um-ning, um samba, para o outro: poemas, traduções, diálogos, Atelieì Editorial (Cotia, Brazil), 2001.
 * Company of Moths, New Directions (New York, New York), 2005. ISBN 978-0-8112-1623-4
 * Aygi Cycle , Druksel (Ghent, Belgium), 2009 (chapbook with 10 new poems, inspired by the Russian poet Gennadiy Aygi.
 * (With Jan Lauwereyns) Truths of Stone, Druksel (Ghent, Belgium), 2010.
 * Thread, New Directions (New York, New York), 2011. ISBN 978-0-8112-1921-1
 * The Laughter of the Sphinx, New Directions (New York, New York), 2016. ISBN 978-0-8112-2554-0
 * Little Elegies for Sister Satan. New Directions (New York, New York), 2021. ISBN 9780811230896

Other

 * Idem 1-4 (radio plays), 1979.
 * (Editor) Code of Signals: Recent Writings in Poetics, North Atlantic Books (Berkeley, California), 1983.
 * The Danish Notebook, Avec Books (Penngrove, California), 1999 — prose/memoir
 * Active Boundaries: Selected Essays and Talks, New Directions (New York, New York), 2008. ISBN 0-8112-1754-X

Palmer sites and exhibits

 * Exhibit at The Academy of American Poets includes links to on-line poems by Palmer not listed below
 * Modern American Poetry site
 * Author Page at Internationales Literatufestival Berlin site (in English) Palmer was a guest of the ILB (Internationales Literatufestival Berlin/ Germany) in 2001 and 2005.
 * An internet bibliography for Michael Palmer from LiteraryHistory.com

Poems

 * "Dream of a Language That Speaks" a poem from Company of Moths (2005) @ Jacket Magazine site
 * "Scale" first published in Richter 858 (ed. David Breskin, The Shifting Foundation, SF MOMA: San Francisco Museum of Modern Art); included in ''Company of Moths
 * "Autobiography 3" & Autobiography 5" two poems from Conjunctions magazine's on-line archive; included in The Promises of Glass (2000)
 * To the Title (Are there titles?) included in Jacket Magazine 33
 * four poems from Thread from Boston Review's March/April 2010 issue
 * Video of Palmer at the 2010 Sydney (Australia) Writers Festival.
 * Video of Palmer reading a poem from Mahmoud Darwish's collection Unfortunately, It Was Paradise: Selected Poems
 * Michael Palmer, Paul Hoover with the poetry of Maria Baranda - September 27, 2015 – Palmer reads from his book Thread and from his forthcoming collection The Laughter of the Sphinx. He also reads a single poem from his collection The Company of Moths.

Selected essays and talks

 * Period (senses of duration) this is a version of a talk Palmer gave in San Francisco in February 1982. Scroll down to "Table of Contents" to find the Palmer selection. Here it appears in an e-book representation of Code of Signals (which Palmer edited in 1983, with the subtitle "Recent Writings in Poetics").
 * On Robert Duncan reprint of Palmer's essay "Robert Duncan and Romantic Synthesis"
 * Michael Palmer audio-files at PENNsound
 * "On the Sustaining of Culture in Dark Times" text of Palmer's keynote address given at the 3rd Annual Sustainable Living Conference at Evergreen State College in February 2004
 * "Ground Work: On Robert Duncan" Michael Palmer's "Introduction" to a combined edition of Ground Work: Before the War, and Ground Work II: In the Dark, published by New Directions in April 2006.
 * Lunch Poems reading by Michael Palmer: Webcast Held on October 5, 2006, in the Morrison Library, University of California at Berkeley: webcast online
 * "In Company: On Artistic Collaboration and Solitude" This is the title of the lecture/talk that Palmer gave, along with a poetry reading, at the University of Chicago in October 2006. (In audio & video format)
 * Bad to the bone: What I learned outside Lecture & Talk given in June 2002, when Palmer taught for a brief stint at the Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics at Naropa in Boulder, Colorado
 * Poetic Obligations (Talking about Nothing at Temple) This is a talk Palmer gave at Temple University in February 1999, and was originally published in Fulcrum: An annual of poetry and aesthetics (Issue 2, 2003).
 * Poetry and Contingency: Within a Timeless Moment of Barbaric Thought essay/talk originally published in the Chicago Review (June, 2003)

Interviews with Palmer

 * The River City Interview conducted by Paul Naylor, Lindsay Hill, and J. P. Craig; appeared in 1994.
 * An Interview with Michael Palmer by Robert Hicks in 2006
 * Interview at Berkeley Daily Planet: April 7, 2006 discusses a reading Palmer & Douglas Blazek gave together at Moe's, a bookstore in Berkeley, California; includes interviews
 * Interview with Michael Palmer an interview conducted at Washington University in St. Louis in 2008 by the student editors of "Arch Literary Journal" in conjunction with a talk and reading Palmer gave at the school. Includes an introductory essay by one of the editors, Lawrence Revard, "'What Reading?': Play in Michael Palmer's Poetics"

Others on Palmer

 * Margaret Jenkins Dance Company info on both Palmer & his collaborators in their on-going work with Dance
 * Lauri Ramey:"Michael Palmer: The Lion Bridge" Ramey wrote a doctoral dissertation on Palmer, and here reviews his "Selected Poems"
 * A Collision of "Possible Worlds" A 2002 review of The Promises of Glass by Michael Dowdy @Free Verse website
 * A review of Company of Moths a book review of Palmer's 2005 collection
 * Griffin Poetry Prize biography, including audio and video clips Palmer was shortlisted for this prize in 2006
 * Margaret Jenkins Dance Company's "A Slipping Glimpse" 2006 dance piece in collaboration with Tanushree Shankar Dance School & the text by Palmer
 * Cultural camaraderie article from Hindustantimes.com on the dance performance A Slipping Glimpse. Article discusses Palmer's collaboration (includes quotes)
 * Palmer is Spring 2007 Writer in Residence press release from California College of the Arts
 * Michael Palmer (Six Introductions) a brief essay by Clayton Eshleman who edited Sulfur magazine, for which Palmer served as a contributing editor.
 * Hands Across Many Seas: From San Francisco and India, a dance collaboration article by Deborah Jowitt on "A Slipping Glimpse", performed by the Margaret Jenkins Dance Company at the "Danspace Project" at Saint Mark's Church, October 4 through 6, 2007
 * Lyric Persuasions at Poets House Rae Armantrout and Zoketsu Norman Fischer discuss Michael Palmer's work as recorded by Vasiliki Katsarou at the Poet's House in the Spring of 2010

title: Michael Palmer (poet)