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Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.

Maccabi Tel Aviv Football Club (מועדון כדורגל מכבי תל אביב; Moadon Kaduregel Maccabi Tel Aviv) is an Israeli professional football club from Tel Aviv and part of the Maccabi Tel Aviv Sport Club.

Founded in 1906 in Jaffa as the HaRishon Le Zion-Yafo Association, it is the oldest football club in Israel. With the establishment of the city of Tel Aviv in 1909, the club changed its name to Maccabi Tel Aviv. In 1922, it became the first Jewish football club to participate in local competitions. The meaning of the name Maccabi – 'there is no one like you among the gods' – forms an integral part of the character of the team, which took the Star of David as their logo to represent the Jewish people. Maccabi Tel Aviv have won more titles than any other Israeli club, winning League Championships, State Cups, seven Toto (League) Cups, and two Asian Champion Club Tournaments before Israel were expelled from the AFC in 1974.

Maccabi Tel Aviv is the only football team that has never been relegated from the Israeli Premier League and one of only three Israeli teams to ever progress to the UEFA Champions League group stage. The club is named after the Maccabees and invests in the development and nurturing of young talent: the club runs three football academies in the Tel Aviv area as part of its youth programme, working with over 750 children aged 6–15, as well as running 17 youth teams with 400 players between 9 and 19 years old. These teams tend to compete very successfully in local and national leagues.

Pre-independence
In the early 1920s, despite the absence of an organised league, Maccabi Tel Aviv were known as the strongest football team in the country and were invited to numerous friendly matches, even against British teams of the local Mandate. Official tournaments began taking place in 1928 with the establishment of the Football Association and FIFA's recognition of Israeli football. In 1929, the team won their first trophy after beating Maccabi Hashmonai Jerusalem 4–0. Maccabi took the championship again one year later with a 2–1 victory over the British Army's 48th regiment and a third time in 1933, when Hapoel Tel Aviv were beaten, 1–0.

In 1936, the club was invited to play in the United States. On their way there, Maccabi played in France, losing 2–0 to Racing Paris and 3–1 to Lille. In the United States, Maccabi defeated the All-star team of New York City in front of 50,000 in Yankee Stadium. Maccabi also defeated the American Soccer League team in Brooklyn and Philadelphia on their home ground 1–0 and also played in Canada, where they drew 1–1 with Toronto All-Stars. Maccabi continued their tour in the US and lost, 3–2, to St. Louis Stars and the Boston Celtics.

After returning from the United States, Maccabi players went on strike because they had not been paid. In 1937, after a year of strike action, the Football Association accepted their demands and the team ended their strike. In that year, Maccabi Tel Aviv also won their first league title. In 1939, after the start of World War II, Maccabi won their second championship. At the end of the season, Maccabi went to another tour, this time to Australia where they were advertised as the "Palestine" team and occasionally the Maccabi Palestine team. They played 18 games, winning 11, losing 5 and drawing 2. The games were against State sides (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia), regional sides and five "tests" against the Australian national team, winning one, drawing one and losing three.

In 1941 Maccabi won their first "double", Winning both the league and State Cup, beating Hapoel Tel Aviv, 2–1, in the final. Between 1941 and 1945, the league was suspended because of the war, but Maccabi continued playing friendly matches. In 1946, the league was still suspended but the State Cup returned with Maccabi beating Hapoel Rishon LeZion 6–0 on aggregate in the final. In 1947, the league resumed and Maccabi won it as well as reaching the cup final. In the match against Beitar Tel Aviv at the Hatikva Neighborhood Stadium Maccabi were winning 3–2 when the referee disallowed a goal by Beitar. The Beitar players and their supporters stormed at the referee and Beitar defender Yom-Tov Mansherov broke the Cup. As a result, the referee ended the game and Maccabi were awarded a technical victory, thus winning a second double. Forty-five years later the cup was found in Petah Tikva.

1950s
This decade is considered Maccabi Tel Aviv's "Golden Age", in which they won five championships and four Israel Football Association Cups. The "Golden Age" actually began with the establishment of the State of Israel, with Maccabi Tel Aviv winning the league title in the 1949–50 season. The deciding match of the season was the second Tel Aviv derby against Hapoel Tel Aviv, which Maccabi won, 1–0, thanks to a goal from striker Yosef "Yosale" Merimovich that sealed Maccabi Tel Aviv's first post-independence championship title. Merimovich was just one member of a squad of outstanding players that left Maccabi Tel Aviv unchallenged in their domination of the Israeli Premier League during the 1950s. That squad included the likes of defenders Itzhak Schneor and Eli Fuchs, goalkeeper Avraham Bandouri, striker Zvi Studinski and of course the club's legendary centre forward Yehoshua "Shiye" Glazer. Glazer, who won the top scorer title in 1952 with 27 goals, is considered Maccabi Tel Aviv's greatest ever striker and was the club's highest goal scorer until Avi Nimni broke his record in 2003.

The 1951–52 season was Maccabi's second league title after the establishment of the State, which they won by eight points ahead of Maccabi Petah Tikva, though they lost the IFA Cup final. That loss only inspired them to win an historic first double in the 1953–54 season, once again winning the league ahead of Maccabi Petah Tikva. That year's Cup final provided them with the opportunity to put in one of their most devastating performances, crushing their opponents Maccabi Netanya 4–0 with a brace from Glazer and individual goals from Studinski and midfielder Israel Halivner.

It was the following season that the great Hapoel Petah Tikva team of midfielder Nahum Stelmach and associates burst on the scene and captured the championship from Maccabi Tel Aviv after a down to the wire finish. Still, Maccabi Tel Aviv weren't prepared to surrender all the titles that season and came up trumps in a 3–1 victory over the same Hapoel Petah Tikva in the IFA Cup final. Maccabi went on to beat them to the title in two more seasons, 1955–56 and 1957–58, completing their fifth National Championship in the first decade of the modern state of Israel. That final season title was complemented by a double, with Maccabi beating Hapoel Haifa in the IFA Cup final, 2–0.

The following season Maccabi Tel Aviv won their second consecutive IFA Cup in a final that will be remembered as one of the most famous in the entire history of the competition. Maccabi appeared to be cruising to victory with a seemingly unassailable 4–0 lead just ten minutes from time. But within five of those final ten minutes Hapoel Petah Tikva pulled back three of those goals, guaranteeing one of the most exciting finales in IFA Cup history. But in the end Maccabi held on to celebrate yet another IFA Cup triumph.

1960s
Following the "Golden Years" of the 1950s, Maccabi Tel Aviv found themselves as the new decade began challenged and ultimately eclipsed by the emergent HaPoel Petach Tikva, who during the late 1950s and early 1960s won five consecutive league titles. The second of those championships, in 1960, came at Maccabi's expense, with the Yellows leading the table on the last day of the season only to disappointingly lose their final match to Hapoel Haifa thereby handing the championship to Hapoel Petah Tikva. The outstanding player of Maccabi's season had been Rafi Levi, one of the greatest strikers in the club's history, who was the league's leading goal scorer with 19 goals. A year later the Brazilian club Santos visited Israel, along with their legendary player, Pelé, for a friendly match against a side composed of the best players from both Maccabi Tel Aviv and Hapoel Petah Tikva. But even the combined forces of the two best clubs in the country were no match for the Brazilians, who won, 3–1.

After a number of unremarkable seasons, the 1960s saw the return of Maccabi Tel Aviv with one of their greatest coaches, Jerry Beit haLevi. He had served the club as a player in the 1930s and, with the exception of one year, managed the club for the ten years between 1947 and 1957. Under his guardianship Maccabi Tel Aviv slowly returned to form and in the 1963–64 season won the Israel Football Association Cup after a second replay against Hapoel Haifa, which Maccabi won, 2–1. The following season Maccabi Tel Aviv repeated the feat by exactly the same score, this time in a dramatic extra time victory over Bnei Yehuda that included goals by midfielders Moshe Asis and Rafi Baranes. In the 1966–67 season Maccabi added a third IFA Cup. This time the opponent in the final were city rivals Hapoel Tel Aviv whom Maccabi defeated by the very same 2–1 score line, with goals from midfielder Uri Kedmi and striker Rachamim Talbi.

While the Cup competition was held as scheduled that year, the league was interrupted by the Six-Day War and was extended into 1968. Now coached by their former midfielder Israel Halivner, Maccabi Tel Aviv won their first and only championship of the decade after a combined 60 match weeks, leading Hapoel Petah Tikva by three points at the top of the Israel Premier League table. But by far the most memorable event of the decade was Maccabi's success in the Asian Champion Club Tournament in 1969, becoming the second Israeli football club to win an international competition in the country's history. Now managed by former striking great Yossele Merimovich, Maccabi beat South Korean side Yangzee FC in extra time through a goal by striker Dror Bar Nur.

A less successful decade for Maccabi Tel Aviv perhaps, but the club still managed to win one championship and three Israel Football Association Cups. Among the great names of the decade were midfielder Nissim Bachar, defender Meir Nimni, defender Menachem "Miko" Bello, defender Tzvika Rosen, goalkeeper Haim Levin, midfielder Moshe Asis, striker Rafi Levi and midfielder Giora Spiegel.

1970s
By Maccabi Tel Aviv standards, the 1960s had not been a particularly successful decade. With the coming of the 1970s, all that was about to change. The very first year of the decade was a stellar indication of that change as the team, under the able leadership of David Schweitzer, won an historic double. The Israeli Football Association (IFA) Cup final was won with a 2–1 victory over Maccabi Netanya. The league title on the other hand was ensured only on goal difference, but one that was built in part upon one of the finest performances in the club's history, a 5–0 thrashing of city rivals Hapoel Tel Aviv in the Tel Aviv derby. On a rainy day at the end of January 1970, 20,000 spectators saw Maccabi midfielder Giora Shpiegel score a hat-trick to lead his side to an unforgettable victory. But despite that defeat, Hapoel stayed neck-and-neck with Maccabi until the last week and it was Hapoel who found themselves in second place on goal difference when the season reached its conclusion.

The following season was a weak one for Maccabi Tel Aviv that saw them finish tenth in the league table. But just one year later they were fully back on track winning their second championship of the decade in the 1971–72 season. One of the stars of that season, and one of the greatest strikers in the club's history, was Dror Bar Nur, who scored 16 of the club's 45 goals in the league and added two more in other competitions.

Just four years later Maccabi Tel Aviv found themselves for the first time in a relegation battle, with the final week of the 1975–76 season seeing no less than nine clubs battling it out to stay in the upper tier. Maccabi beat Beitar Jerusalem 2–0 with goals from strikers Rachamim Talbi and Benny Tabak, thus escaping what would have been the first drop in the club's history. In April of that same year, leaders of the English Football League First Division, Queens Park Rangers, arrived in Israel for a friendly to face a Maccabi Tel Aviv side bolstered by three of the Israeli Premier League's brightest stars of the time: Maccabi Netanya strikers Mordechai "Motaleh" Spiegler and Oded Machnes and Beitar Jerusalem midfielder Uri Malmilian. Maccabi won the match, 2–1, with goals from Malmilian and Spiegler.

A year later and once again Maccabi Tel Aviv went from near disaster to the league summit, securing in the 1976/77 season their second double of the decade. They won the title three points ahead of Maccabi Jaffa and with 47 goals, the highest number in the league. Striker Vicky Peretz finished as the league's leading goal scorer with 17 league goals and another five in IFA Cup competition. But it was Benny Tabak's lone goal against Beitar Tel Aviv in front of 30,000 spectators at Bloomfield Stadium that earned Maccabi the IFA Cup and their second double in the space of seven years.

Among the great Maccabi players of the time were strikers Benny Tabak and Vicky Peretz and the late Avi Cohen, who earned the nickname "Libero" (from the Italian, a fullback who is given freedom – libero – to roam from his position to play a role in offence as well) and is thought to be one of the greatest defenders in the history of Israeli football. One of his most memorable goals was in a 2–0 derby victory over Hapoel Tel Aviv in 1978, when the defender struck an absolutely unstoppable ball from the edge of the area straight into the opposition net. Vicky Peretz and Benny Tabak are remembered as two of the greatest strikers in the history of the club, with the former scoring 67 and the latter 121 goals in the yellow and blue jersey of Maccabi Tel Aviv.

1980s
The 1980s saw a period of below par achievements for Maccabi Tel Aviv FC, earning the decade the nickname the "thin years". While adding two Israel Football Association (IFA) Cups to the trophy cabinet, the club remained without a league title throughout the decade. The first of the two consecutive IFA Cup triumphs, however, was won in dramatic fashion in a final against Maccabi Haifa in the 1986–87 season. While Maccabi Tel Aviv, third in the table, finished six places above their northern namesakes, the Cup final was a tight affair that ended 3–3 after extra time and was decided in a penalty shoot-out. And it was striker Benny Tabak's final kick that saw Maccabi Tel Aviv lift their first IFA Cup in ten years.

The following season Maccabi Tel Aviv, now under the stewardship of Giora Spiegel, underwent their worst defeat in the club's history, a 0–10 rout suffered at the hands of that same Maccabi Haifa. Yet only three weeks later the club appeared in their second consecutive intriguing IFA Cup final, this time against their arch big city rivals Hapoel Tel Aviv. Despite the fresh memories of their lacklustre performance in Haifa the team succeeded in returning to form thanks to a wonderful goal by midfielder Mickey Cohen and yet another from Benny Tabak that led to a 2–1 victory and a second straight IFA Cup title.

Another memorable event of the 1980s occurred at the beginning of the decade, in a match against Beitar Jerusalem held at the YMCA Stadium in Jerusalem in the second matchweek of the 1981–82 season. The match referee Avraham Klein, of international reputation, disallowed a Beitar goal but the players continued to celebrate. Maccabi defender Menahem "Miko" Belo quickly resumed play, passed on to midfielder Moti Ivanir who found himself facing the Beitar keeper Yossi Mizrachi on his own. To the great ire of the local fans he scored the goal that would ultimately lead to a 1–2 Maccabi victory.

Despite the less than scintillating nature of Maccabi's performances throughout the decade, the club had a number of outstanding players, including Moti Ivanir, midfielder Alon Natan, goalkeeper Bonni Ginzburg and striker Eli Driks who succeeded in leaving their mark on the club's history. Ivanir, who made his maiden performance for Maccabi aged 16, scored 67 times playing for the club throughout the decade, with the exception of the two years he spent at Dutch side Roda JC Kerkrade. Alon Natan found the net 40 times before leaving the club for Bnei Yehuda at the end of the 1989–90 season. He was subsequently forced into retirement at age 23 due to injury.

Bonni Ginzburg protected the Maccabi goal from the beginning of the decade until the 1987–88 season. He earned himself a place on the national squad and two years later became the first Israeli goalkeeper to play abroad. Eli Driks, one of the club's all-time greatest strikers, came through the youth ranks at the beginning of the 1980s and began a successful career at the fulcrum of the Maccabi Tel Aviv attack that lasted 20 years.

1990s
After the considerably less than spectacular decade of the 1980s, a young head coach by the name of Avram Grant took over the reins at Maccabi Tel Aviv and brought with him a whole slew of young players that together brought about one of the most successful decades in the club's history. By the time the decade had reached its halfway point the team had already won an historic "double" along with two more championships, two State Cups and one Toto (League) Cup, to which two more would be added before the decade had drawn to a close. Within a matter of a few short years, the glow surrounding Maccabi Tel Aviv, which had dimmed somewhat in the 80s, had returned and once again the yellow and blue of Maccabi became the national colours of Israel's football culture.

It all started in the 1991–92 season, when by virtue of exceptional talent and quality attacking football under the leadership of Avraham Grant, Maccabi Tel Aviv won the league championship for the first time in thirteen years. What contributed to this talent was, among other things, the arrival at the club of the Russian national goalkeeper Alexander Ubarov, who in time became a real Maccabi Tel Aviv legend. With him arrived defender Alexander Polukarov, who also left an enduring mark at the club and together with midfielder Uri Malmilyan and the young midfielders Avi Nimni and Itzik Zohar returned Maccabi Tel Aviv to the top of Israeli football. In the 1992–93 season, after winning the Toto (League) Cup, this talented and successful group of young players of the 1990s got their first taste of victory in the prestigious State Cup after goals by Itsik Zohar and fellow midfielder Nir Klinger decided the final against arch rivals Hapoel Tel Aviv. But despite finishing an excellent season with 88 points, the league title, and hence an historic "double", remained beyond their grasp as Maccabi Haifa enjoyed a spectacular season that saw them play all 39 league matches without a loss and pip Maccabi Tel Aviv to the championship. But the following season Grant and his charges compensated for their disappointment when defender Alon Brumer's famous goal in Beer Sheva succeeded in returning the championship to Maccabi Tel Aviv in dramatic fashion.

At the end of the 1995 season the "Mofet" Group took control of Maccabi Tel Aviv and as a result of Avraham Grant's decision to leave the club, a new coach, Dror Kashtan, took over the reins for what would prove to be one of the best seasons in the club's history. Their chief rivals were once again Maccabi Haifa, and the team traveled to their Kiryat Eliezer Stadium for what will always be remembered as the must-win match of that season. As the players headed for the dressing room trailing 1–0 at half time, coach Kashtan controversially decided to return his players to await their Maccabi Haifa rivals on the pitch. In the second half, goals by striker Eli Dricks and midfielders Nir Klinger and Avi Nimni turned the match around, and that 1–3 victory not only handed Maccabi Tel Aviv the championship but also paved the way for the "double" after a 4–1 thrashing of Hapoel Rishon Lezion in the State Cup final.

With Israel's entrance into European football in 1992, Maccabi Tel Aviv also turned their attention to leaving their mark in this prestigious competition as well. The 1992–93 season marked the first time Maccabi Tel Aviv competed in UEFA Champions League qualifiers and in the first round they defeated the Maltese club Valletta but lost to Belgian side Club Brugge in the second round. In the 1994–95 season, Maccabi were knocked out in the second round of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup by German side Werder Bremen on a 2–0 aggregate. The following season Maccabi once again tried their luck in the Champions League qualifiers and almost succeeded, but a 2–1 aggregate loss to the Swiss club Grasshopper handed the latter the keys to the group stages. In 1996, it was the powerful Turkish side Fenerbahçe that stood between Maccabi and the group stages and in the resultant UEFA Cup competition they encountered, and subsequently lost to, the Spanish club Tenerife. In the 1999–00 season, Maccabi got past Lithuanian opponents FBK Kaunas in the UEFA Cup qualifiers but then lost to French competitors Lens 4–3 on aggregate in round one.

In the 1990s Maccabi Tel Aviv were blessed with many talented players, among them defenders Amir Shelach and the Brumer brothers Gadi and Alon, midfielder Noam Shoham and strikers Meir Melika and Nir Sivilia. Leading the team into battle was the genius of captain Nir Klinger, the free-kick artistry of Itzik Zohar and perhaps the greatest player in Maccabi Tel Aviv's history, midfielder Avi Nimni. In 1997, the "Mofet" Group broke up and the club was taken over by Loni Herzikovich.

2000s
With a particularly attacking style of football promoted by head coach Nir Klinger, the second millennium got off to a very good start for Maccabi Tel Aviv, who won two consecutive coveted State Cups. The first came in the 2000–01 season, one that saw Maccabi finish just fourth in the table but with the highest number of goals of any club in the Israeli Premier League, 71. Particularly memorable was Maccabi's 7–0 demolition of Beitar Jerusalem towards the end of the season and the jaw-dropping total of 10 goals to just one reply against Hapoel Rishon Lezion in January of that same year. It was that exceptional attacking prowess that resulted in Maccabi's receiving the State Cup from the country's president after a 3–0 victory over Maccabi Petah Tikva in the final.

The following season will largely be remembered for the tragic event that occurred on 26 January 2002 during a match against Beitar Jerusalem. Without a preceding incident, Maccabi defender Meni Levi suddenly collapsed in the middle of the pitch, picked himself up and then collapsed again. He received treatment on the pitch for quite a long time before being rushed to a hospital. The game, in the meantime, was not resumed. For a number of years Levi received treatment at the rehabilitation facility Beit Levinstein in Ra'anana but unfortunately was unable to recover and was returned to his family. Subsequently, the club decided to retire Levi's number twelve jersey entirely. As the year progressed the team succeeded in recovering from this tragic incident and ended the season with their second State Cup title in as many years. In the final, Maccabi Tel Aviv won a penalty shoot-out against that season's champion, Maccabi Haifa, after extra time saw the two sides locked in a goalless draw.

The following season Maccabi Tel Aviv won a dramatic league championship from title rivals Maccabi Haifa. On the eve of the last day of the season, head coach Nir Klinger's lads led the league table on goal difference alone. On the day itself Maccabi Haifa led 0–5 at half time against Ashdod while Maccabi were still looking for their first goal against Hapoel Petah Tikva. Only in the second half did they score the three goals (to no reply) that pushed their goal difference past Maccabi Haifa and brought the Championship plate back to the Maccabi Tel Aviv trophy cabinet.

Maccabi's most significant achievement of the decade came in the 2004–05 season when the team reached the group stages of the Champions League. In the play-off stages they beat the Greek side PAOK Thessaloniki and became Israel's second club, after Maccabi Haifa two years earlier, to reach the group stages. There they were drawn against three giants of European football, the German Bayern Munich, the Italian Juventus and the Dutch Ajax. Nonetheless, Maccabi succeeded in finishing the group stage with a precious four points after beating Ajax and drawing with Juventus at home. Paradoxically they ended an unstable league season eighth in the table but once again came away with the State Cup after winning a penalty shoot-out in a final against Maccabi Herzliya that ended 2–2 after extra time.

After this third State Cup in five seasons, Maccabi's fortunes dipped drastically and other clubs took turns winning the league and the Cup. The 2005–06 season will be remembered in particular, earning the nickname "the Galacticos season", for a team that brought together the likes of Israeli international Eyal Berkovic, Croatian star Đovani Roso and Maccabi all-time great Avi Nimni. Despite the star-studded squad, Maccabi failed to translate that quality into winning form and ended the season in the bottom half of the table.

On 28 December 2007, during the 2007–08 season, the club was transferred to the hands of billionaire Alex Shnaider. Shnaider diverted large sums of money to the club, mainly for paying off debts and for developing the youth department. In 2008 alone, Shnaider invested nearly NIS₪40 million from his own money into the club. Overall, in just over a year's time, Shnaider had invested approximately US$20 million in the team.

On 3 August 2009, Shnaider passed the team on to another Canadian billionaire's hands, Mitchell Goldhar. This handover was done for no cost, but against a commitment to pay off the team's debts to Loni Herzkovitz.

2010s
In the 2010–11 season, Maccabi enjoyed one moment of glory in Europe, beating a strong Greek Olympiacos side 1–0 in the home leg of the UEFA Europa League qualifiers. The victory sent Maccabi into the first round of the competition where, despite an exciting 4–3 victory in the home leg, Maccabi failed to surpass French giants Paris Saint-Germain after a 2–0 loss in the French capital. The following season Maccabi claimed a famous victory against Greek side Panathinaikos, beating them 3–0 at Bloomfield Stadium in the qualifying stages of the Europa League. It was a year Maccabi actually did succeed in reaching the group stage of the competition but collected just two points in a group that contained Turkish side Beşiktaş, the Ukrainians Dynamo Kyiv and the English Stoke City.

The 2012–13 season finally put an end to Maccabi Tel Aviv's bad fortunes in the league as they won their first championship in a decade. Under the stewardship of the new Director of Football Jordi Cruyff and Spanish head coach Óscar García, Maccabi dominated the league and claimed the title by thirteen points ahead of their nearest rival. They finished the season with the league's highest goal total of 78 while conceding the fewest with just 30 goals conceded. Leading that attack was the league's highest goal scorer, striker Eliran Atar with 22, but he was joined by midfielder Maharan Radi with eight (plus eleven assists), young striker Mu'nas Dabbur with ten and Swedish striker Rade Prica (eight) and midfielder Eran Zahavi (seven) who both arrived at the club in the January transfer window. In defense, the tone was set by Maccabi's two center halves, Eitan Tibi and the Spaniard Carlos García, backed up by the excellence of Maccabi Tel Aviv's Nigerian goalkeeper, Vincent Enyeama.

The 2013–14 season saw a change in the club's Coach Position with Paulo Sousa replacing Oscar Garcia, as well as several players leaving and new players arriving. Notably Vincent Enyeama left for Lille with Goalkeeper Juan Pablo Colinas joining between the posts, and Nikola Mitrović joining from Videoton. The team continued its success in the league and claimed another championship behind Eran Zahavi's goal scoring. The Team's main rivals this season were Hapoel Be'er Sheva who came in second. The team also enjoyed relative success in the UEFA Europa League as they advanced to the round of 32 after a difficult group stage, before ultimately being ousted by Basel.

The 2014–15 season was characterized by a difficult start. Operation Protective Edge meant that the qualifying games to the UEFA Champions League were held away from Israel, leading Maccabi to be ousted from both the Champions League and the Europa League. There was also a shake-up at the coach position as Paulo Sousa left for Basel. Óscar García returned but left before the beginning of the season and was replaced by Pako Ayestarán. During the Tel Aviv Derby on 3 November 2014, a fan from Hapoel Tel Aviv broke onto the pitch with an intent to assault Maccabi Star Eran Zahavi who was shown a red card for defending himself. In the aftermath of the event, both teams had 1 point redacted and forfeited the match. However, this event didn't stop Maccabi Tel Aviv from being the first Israeli team to win all three local Trophies: the Premier League, the State Cup and the Toto Cup. Notable new players in the team were Nosa Igiebor and Eden Ben Basat. The best player in the squad was still Eran Zahavi who broke the Israeli Record for consecutive scoring games and scored 27 goals throughout the season.

In the 2015–16 season, the team qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stage for the first time in 11 years. They were a member of Group G, along with Chelsea, Porto and Dynamo Kyiv. However, these three elite clubs proved to be too much for Maccabi Tel Aviv to handle, and they lost all 6 of their group stage matches, scoring just 1 goal while conceding 16. Maccabi were eliminated in the group stage of the Toto Cup AI. In the league, Maccabi's main rivals for the title were Hapoel Be'er Sheva. After a loss to Hapoel Be'er Sheva at Bloomfield Stadium thanks to two clinical goals from Elyaniv Barda and Maor Melikson, head coach Slavisa Jokanovic was signed by Fulham and replaced by Peter Bosz, who helped improve Maccabi's performances in the league. Be'er Sheva fell under huge pressure before the end of the season, which helped Maccabi fight back and get into the title race again. Maccabi managed to take advantage of Be'er Sheva's bad results, beating Beitar Jerusalem in a close and dramatic tie, where Eran Zahavi scored the winning goal for Maccabi in the 90th minute, breaking the goalscoring record of Nisim Elmaliah by scoring more than 31 goals in one league season. In the biggest game of the season, against Hapoel Be'er Sheva, a win would have brought Maccabi to 1st place because of their goal difference, while any other result would have left Hapoel Be'er Sheva alone at 1st place with a 3 points advantage and only 3 games to go. Maccabi tied the game 0-0, leaving Hapoel Be'er Sheva 3 points ahead of Maccabi and top of the league. Maccabi continued their bad form and dropped points again in their next game, this time against Hapoel Ra'anana, drawing 1-1, and the title came closer to Hapoel Be'er Sheva, who had a 5 points advantage with only 2 games to go. The last game of the league season was a rollercoaster of emotions for Maccabi fans who were hoping for Be'er Sheva to lose against Sakhnin, and who needed to defeat Maccabi Haifa to win the championship. Sakhnin took the lead after 6 minutes, however, Be'er Sheva responded quickly and got a goal after only 10 minutes. At that stage, Be'er Sheva were championed as Maccabi kept on searching for a goal, which finally came when Eran Zahavi scored, which meant Maccabi were the champions at the time. 12 minutes after Maccabi's goal, Be'er Sheva went 2–1 up. Maccabi got a 6–0 lead over Haifa but was unable to win the title, as Be'er Sheva had scored the third goal and became champions. The State Cup Final was Maccabi's last chance to win a trophy this season, and they faced Maccabi Haifa in the final. However, Haifa defeated Maccabi 1-0 and won their first cup in 18 years, which caused Peter Bosz to be released to Ajax as Maccabi had finished with no trophies. The 2015–16 season was called "the worst year in Jordi's Era". Eran Zahavi, Maccabi's star player, was sold to Guangzhou R&F for 8.5 million dollars at the end of the season.

The following campaign Shota Arveladze was named Head Coach and successfully helped the Club advance to the Europa League Group stages where they played Zenit, Alkmaar and Dundalk. Over the course of the 2016/17 season, Maccabi defeated Hapoel Tel Aviv 5:0 which tied the biggest Derby victory set in 1969/70. Arveladze left the Club midway through the campaign and was replaced by Angolan Lito Vidigal as the squad ended the season in 2nd place while falling in the Cup Final.

Jordi Cruyff was appointed Head Coach for the 2017–18 season as the Sports Director moved down to the sidelines in his 6th season with the Yellow & Blue. The Club advanced to the Europa League Group Stage for the second straight season where they faced Astana, Slavia Prague and Villarreal, defeating the La Liga side in Spain 1:0. Maccabi captured the Toto Cup while finishing in second place in league play.

Vladimir Ivic was appointed head coach at the start of the 2018/19 season. Under the Serbian coach, Maccabi had an impressive season and set many records. The Yellow & Blue won the league championship by a 31-point margin, recorded 89 points (club record), and won the title by the end of March, the earliest ever. The club also won the Toto Cup for the second straight season with a 2:1 win over Maccabi Haifa in the final.

The following season under Ivic the team continued their successful run in the league and won a second successive league title. During that season, Maccabi kept a clean sheet for 14 matches, conceded a total of only 10 league goals thus shattering the all-time Israeli top-flight records. At the end of the season, Ivic ended his role as Maccabi's Head Coach.

2020s
Ahead of the 2020–21 season Maccabi appointed Giorgos Donis of Greece as the successor of Ivic before the league season had begun. The club added two titles to their trophy cabinet by winning the Super Cup and Toto Cup.

In June 2023 Maccabi appointed Robbie Keane to as their next coach.

Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" !Period !Kit manufacturer !Shirt partner
 * 2021–
 * rowspan=2| Fila
 * rowspan=1| Israel Canada
 * 2019–21
 * rowspan=2| Penguin Pickup
 * 2018–19
 * rowspan=2| Self Made
 * 2017–18
 * rowspan=2| None
 * 2016–17
 * rowspan=3|Adidas
 * 2015–16
 * |UNICEF
 * 2014–15
 * |UNICEF (from May 2015)
 * 2013–14
 * |Macron
 * rowspan=2| None
 * 2011–13
 * |Under Armour
 * 2010–11
 * |Puma
 * rowspan=2|Paygea
 * 2009–10
 * |Kappa
 * 2008–09
 * rowspan=5|Diadora
 * |Chevrolet
 * 2007–08
 * |Cellcom
 * 2006–07
 * Chevrolet (2006)/Sony Bravia (2006–07)
 * 2005–06
 * |Resido
 * 2001–05
 * rowspan=2|Bezeq
 * 2000–01
 * rowspan=3|Adidas
 * 1999–00
 * |Sony
 * 1998–99
 * rowspan=2|Visa
 * 1993–98
 * rowspan=3|Diadora
 * 1991–93
 * |Ruffles (potato chips)
 * 1990–91
 * |First International Bank of Israel
 * 1987–88
 * rowspan=2|Puma
 * |Delta Textile
 * 1982–87
 * |Baruch Fashion
 * 1978–79
 * |Umbro
 * |Goldstar
 * 1999–00
 * |Sony
 * 1998–99
 * rowspan=2|Visa
 * 1993–98
 * rowspan=3|Diadora
 * 1991–93
 * |Ruffles (potato chips)
 * 1990–91
 * |First International Bank of Israel
 * 1987–88
 * rowspan=2|Puma
 * |Delta Textile
 * 1982–87
 * |Baruch Fashion
 * 1978–79
 * |Umbro
 * |Goldstar
 * 1982–87
 * |Baruch Fashion
 * 1978–79
 * |Umbro
 * |Goldstar
 * |Umbro
 * |Goldstar

Support
A survey conducted in March 2012 by Yedioth showed that Maccabi Tel Aviv was the second-most popular team among Israeli football fans (23%) right after rivals Maccabi Haifa (28%). The same survey revealed that 33% of Tel Aviv residents support the team.

Maccabi Fanatics
Maccabi has one main fan organization, "Maccabi Fanatics", which are located in Gate 11. Maccabi Fanatics are close friends with VAK410 (Ajax ultras) since the 2000s.

Rivalry with Hapoel Tel Aviv
Maccabi's main rivals are Hapoel Tel Aviv. The matches between the teams gain a lot of attention in the Israeli public and are referred to as the "Tel Aviv derby".

Rivalry with Maccabi Haifa
Another strong rivals is Maccabi Haifa, because they are the two most successful Israeli football clubs (something called "the Israeli Classico" and "the derby of Israel") competing on the hegemony of Maccabi as well as Israeli soccer in general.

1923–1926: Palms Ground
The Palms Ground that was located in the Florentin was used by Maccabi in 1923–1926.

1926–1935: Maccabi Ground
The Maccabi Ground that was located between Neve Sha'anan and Shapira was used by Maccabi in 1926–1935.

1935–1969: Maccabiah Stadium
Maccabiah Stadium, which was located near Yarkon River in Tel Aviv, had a capacity of 20,000, and was used by Maccabi for 26 seasons. (except for the 1963–1964, 1964–1965 and 1965–1966 seasons when Maccabi played at Bloomfield Stadium)

1985–2000: Ramat Gan Stadium
Ramat Gan Stadium with a capacity of 41,583 was used by Maccabi in the late 1980s and 1990s, except for the 1986–1987 and 1995–1996 seasons when Maccabi played at Bloomfield Stadium.

1969–1985, 2000–present: Bloomfield Stadium
Bloomfield Stadium in Tel Aviv with a capacity of 29,400 has been the team's stadium since 1969, Maccabi's main fans gate is gate 11 where the Maccabi Fanatics lead the cheering.

Kiryat Shalom Training Ground
The Maccabi Tel Aviv Training Ground is located in south Tel Aviv, near the Holon Intersection and on the outskirts of the Kiryat Shalom neighbourhood. The various Maccabi Tel Aviv teams began practicing at the complex in the mid-1970s, starting with the Youth Division teams, and joined later by the senior team. The facility consists of four pitches that serve all the Maccabi Tel Aviv teams and includes two gyms, treatment rooms and classrooms. The senior team practice at the western facility, near the locker rooms, on an area one and a half times larger than a regular football pitch, with renovated terraces that seat approximately 100 fans.

On 6 March 2012, the Youth Division Complex was officially re-dedicated in the name of the late Avi Cohen.

Not far from the senior team's training ground is a synthetic pitch, one of the first of its kind in Israel, which serves as the training ground for all the teams in the Maccabi Tel Aviv Youth Division. At the northern end of the complex is the central pitch of the Youth Division, lined by two terraces with a seating capacity of over 200 and equipped for television broadcasts. The central pitch is used primarily by the Maccabi Tel Aviv Under-19 squad, but the club's youth teams also make use of the facility. The fourth and smallest of the pitches is the eastern one, used mainly for training and frequently for matches of the children's teams. The Youth Division complex has ten dressing rooms, one of which is used by visiting teams and one extra room for the referees on match days. During the 2011–12 season an exercise room was also built on the ground for the use of the entire Youth Division.

Retired numbers

 * 8 🇮🇱 – Avi Nimni, Second striker (1990–97, 1998–03, 2005–08)
 * 12 🇮🇱 – Meni Levi, Right back

Internationals 2023–24
Only up to six non-Israeli nationals can be in an Israeli club squad (only five can play at the same time). Those with Jewish ancestry, married to an Israeli or have played in Israel for an extended period of time, can claim a passport or permanent residency which would allow them to play with Israeli status.

 * 🇪🇸 Enric Saborit
 * Derrick Luckassen
 * Felício Milson
 * Kiko Bondoso
 * 🇵🇦 Orlando Mosquera
 * 🇬🇭 Henry Addo

Season by season

 * x — Wasn't held \ wasn't finished.
 * (—) — Did not compete.
 * Italic — Still competing.

League

 * Israeli Championships
 * Champions (25): 1935–36, 1937, 1939, 1941–42, 1946–47, 1966–68, 1969–70, 1971–72, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1991–92, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2002–03, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2018–19, 2019–20, 2023–24
 * Runners-up (13): 1954–55, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1968–69, 1973–74, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1998–99, 2003–04, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2020–21

Cups

 * State Cup
 * Winners (24): 1929, 1930, 1933, 1941, 1946, 1947, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1969–70, 1976–77, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1993–94, 1995–96, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2004–05, 2014–15, 2020–21
 * Runners-up (13): 1934, 1938, 1940, 1951–52, 1961–62, 1975–76, 1978–79, 1982–83, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1996–97, 2015–16, 2016–17
 * Toto Cup
 * Winners (8): 1992–93, 1998–99, 2008–09, 2014–15, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2023–24
 * Runners-up (4): 1991–92, 1994–95, 1997–98, 2019–20
 * Israeli Supercup
 * Winners (8): 1965 (shared with Hakoah Ramat Gan), 1968, 1977, 1979, 1988, 2019, 2020, 2024
 * Runners-up (3): 1970, 2015, 2021
 * Lilian Cup
 * Winners (2): 1985–86, 1986–87

European competitions

 * UEFA Champions League
 * Group stage: 2004–05, 2015–16
 * UEFA Europa League
 * Round of 32: 2013–14, 2020–21
 * Group stage: 2011–12, 2016–17, 2017–18
 * UEFA Europa Conference League
 * Round of 16: 2023–24
 * Knockout round play-offs: 2021–22

Asian competitions

 * Asian Club Championship
 * Winners (2): 1969, 1971

Israeli championships number
There was controversy regarding the number of championships the team won prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.

According to the official lists of the Israel Football Association, Maccabi won four pre-1948 championships for 23 total championships, while according to the team's records, Maccabi won five pre-1948 championships and 24 total championships.

This discrepancy stems from the title won by Maccabi Tel Aviv in the 1939 season: the Tel Aviv District League, in which Maccabi Tel Aviv played and won the district championship, was the strongest of the three district leagues that season.

The controversy arises in regards to two points: In 2024, the controversy was resolved after the Israel Football Association recognized the team's 1939 championship as an official championship.
 * Firstly, was this title recognized as a national championship at the time?
 * Secondly, should this title be recognized as a national championship today?

Records

 * Seasons in top division – 69 (1949–present), (only team that has never been relegated)
 * Lowest league position – 12 (1987–88)
 * Double seasons – 7 (1946–47, 1953–54, 1957–58, 1969–1970, 1976–77, 1995–96, 2014–15)
 * Invincible seasons – 2 (1953–54, 1957–58), (no losses in the league and the State Cup)
 * Biggest 'undefeated' streak in the league – 44 matches (11/10/51 – 03/05/55)
 * Biggest 'undefeated away matches' streak in the league – 34 (07/16/49 – 03/05/55)
 * Win record for season – 30 (1966–68)
 * Loss record for season – 14 (2007–08, 2011–12)
 * Most points in a season – 89 (2018–2019)
 * Most 'league goals for' in a season (club) – 103 (1949–50)
 * Most 'league goals against' in a season (club) – 53 (1990–91)
 * Lowest number of 'league goals against' in a season (club) – 10 (2019–20)
 * Most league goals differential in a season (club) – 85 (1949–50), (103–18)
 * All time League goals – 3114 (since 1948)
 * Biggest 'no goals against' streak in league matches – 730 minutes (2014–15)
 * Biggest 'league matches won' streak since season start – 11 (1993–94)
 * Highest point lead above runner-up in the end of the season – 31 (2018–19)
 * Most goals in a season (player) – 35, Eran Zahavi, 2015–16
 * Biggest win – 13–0 vs Maccabi Rishon LeZion, 1950
 * Biggest defeat – 10–0 vs Maccabi Haifa, 1988
 * Biggest home win – 13–0 vs Maccabi Rishon LeZion, 1950
 * Biggest home defeat – 4–0 vs Hapoel Acre, 2006
 * Biggest away win – 7–0 vs Hapoel Haifa, 1994
 * Biggest away defeat – 10–0 vs Maccabi Haifa, 1988
 * Biggest win in UEFA Competitions – 6–0 vs FK Žalgiris (2001) and Željezničar (2011)
 * Biggest defeat in UEFA Competitions – 5–1 vs Bayern Munich (2004) and Beşiktaş (2011)
 * All-time top scorer – Avi Nimni, 174
 * All-time most appearances – Menachem Bello, 498

Staff
{|
 * valign="top" width=10%|

Management
{|class="wikitable" ! style="background-color:white; color:black;" scope="col"|Position ! style="background-color:white; color:black;" scope="col"|Staff

 * valign="top" width=10%|

First team staff
{|class="wikitable" ! style="background-color:white; color:black;" scope="col"|Position ! style="background-color:white; color:black;" scope="col"|Staff

 * valign="top" width=10%|

Youth division
{|class="wikitable" ! style="background-color:white; color:black;" scope="col"|Position ! style="background-color:white; color:black;" scope="col"|Staff

 * valign="top" width=10%|

Logistical staff
{|class="wikitable" ! style="background-color:white; color:black;" scope="col"|Position ! style="background-color:white; color:black;" scope="col"|Staff

 * valign="top" width=10%|

Managerial history

 * 🇫🇷 Emanuel Gur-Arie (1910s)
 * 🇵🇱 Shimon Ratner (192?–34)
 * 🇦🇹 Egon Pollack (1934–39)
 * 🇩🇪 Armin Weiss (1939–41)
 * 🇦🇹 Egon Pollack (1941–47)
 * 🇮🇱 Jerry Beit haLevi (1947–52)
 * 🇮🇱 Gaul Mechlis (1952–53)
 * 🇮🇱 Jerry Beit haLevi (1953–57)
 * 🇮🇱 Yosef Tessler (1957–59)
 * 🇮🇱 Yosef Merimovich (1959–61)
 * 🇭🇺 Ignac Molnár (1961–62)
 * 🇮🇱 Israel Halivner (1962–62)
 * 🇮🇱 Slabolo Stankovic & 🇮🇱 Jerry Beit haLevi (1962–64)
 * 🇮🇱 Eliezer Spiegel (1966–67)
 * 🇮🇱 Zvi Erlich (1967–67)
 * 🇮🇱 Israel Halivner (1967–68)
 * 🇮🇱 Yosef Merimovich (1968–69)
 * 🇮🇱 David Schweitzer (1969–70)
 * 🇮🇱 Israel Halivner (1970–71)
 * 🇮🇱 Itzhak Schneor (1971–72)
 * 🇮🇱 Yosef Merimovich (1972–73)
 * 🇮🇱 Itzhak Schneor (1973–76)
 * 🇮🇱 Ya'akov Grundman (1976–78)
 * 🇮🇱 Nissim Bachar (1978–79)
 * 🇮🇱 Zvi Rozen (1979–80)
 * 🇮🇱 Ze'ev Seltzer (1980–81)
 * 🇮🇱 Ya'akov Grundman (1981–82)
 * 🇮🇱 Nissim Bachar (1982–83)
 * 🇮🇱 David Schweitzer (1983–85)
 * 🇮🇱 Itzhak Schneor (1983–85)
 * 🇮🇱 Shimon Shenhar (1985–87)
 * 🇮🇱 Giora Spiegel & 🇮🇱 Dror Bar-Nur (1987–88)
 * 🇮🇱 Yosef Merimovich (1988–89)
 * 🇮🇱 Nissim Bachar (1989–90)
 * 🇮🇱 Zvi Rosen (1990–91)
 * 🇮🇱 Avram Grant (1 July 1991 – 30 June 1995)
 * 🇮🇱 Dror Kashtan (1 July 1995 – 30 June 1996)
 * 🇮🇱 Avram Grant (1 July 1996 – 30 June 2000)
 * 🇮🇱 Shlomo Sharf (2000)
 * 🇮🇱 Nir Levine (2000–02)
 * 🇮🇱 Nir Klinger (1 July 2002 – 5 December 2005)
 * 🇳🇱 Ton Caanen (25 Dec 2005 – 30 May 2006)
 * 🇮🇱 Eli Cohen (2006–07)
 * 🇮🇱 Nir Levine (2007–08)
 * 🇮🇱 Ran Ben Shimon (2008)
 * 🇮🇱 Marco Balbul coach under 🇮🇱 Avi Nimni (1 July 2008 – 21 October 2009)
 * 🇮🇱 Nir Levine coach under 🇮🇱 Avi Nimni (2009–10)
 * 🇮🇱 Yossi Mizrahi coach under 🇮🇱 Avi Nimni (1 July 2010 – 4 January 2011)
 * 🇮🇱 Motti Ivanir (10 Jan 2011 – 6 December 2011)
 * 🇮🇱 Nir Levine (caretaker) (12 Dec 2011 – 13 May 2012)
 * 🇪🇸 Óscar García (23 June 2012 – 22 May 2013)
 * 🇵🇹 Paulo Sousa (12 June 2013 – 27 May 2014)
 * 🇪🇸 Óscar García (2 June 2014 – 26 August 2014)
 * 🇪🇸 Pako Ayestarán (26 Aug 2014 – 1 June 2015)
 * 🇷🇸 Slaviša Jokanović (14 June 2015 – 27 December 2015)
 * 🇳🇱 Peter Bosz (4 Jan 2016 – 24 May 2016)
 * Shota Arveladze (16 June 2016 – 4 January 2017)
 * 🇦🇴 Lito Vidigal (11 February 2017 – 13 June 2017)
 * 🇳🇱 Jordi Cruyff (14 June 2017 – 31 May 2018)
 * 🇷🇸 Vladimir Ivić (31 May 2018 – 6 July 2020)
 * 🇬🇷 Giorgos Donis (11 August 2020 – 23 December 2020)
 * 🇳🇱 Patrick van Leeuwen (24 December 2020 – 26 October 2021)
 * 🇷🇸 Mladen Krstajić (9 December 2021 – 24 May 2022)
 * 🇷🇸 Vladimir Ivić (12 June 2022 – 3 January 2023)
 * 🇪🇸 Aitor Karanka (4 January 2023 – 25 June 2023)
 * 🇮🇪 Robbie Keane (26 June 2023 – 7 June 2024)
 * 🇷🇸 Žarko Lazetić (24 June 2024 – )

title: Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.


text:
F.C. Copenhagen

Football Club Copenhagen (Football Club København, ), commonly known as FC København, FC Copenhagen, Copenhagen or simply FCK, is a professional Danish football club in Copenhagen, Denmark. FCK was founded in 1992 as a superstructure on top of Kjøbenhavns Boldklub and Boldklubben 1903, with Kjøbenhavns Boldklub from 1876 being the oldest club in Continental Europe.

F.C. Copenhagen has won a shared record 15 Danish Football Championships and a shared record 9 Danish Cups. In European football F.C. Copenhagen has reached the group stage of the UEFA Champions League and the group stage of the UEFA Europa League more times than any other Danish club and are the only Danish club who has reached the knockout stage of the Champions League. As of December 2022, Copenhagen are the highest ranked Scandinavian club in the UEFA team rankings list.

Copenhagen plays its matches at the Parken Stadium, which also serves as the venue for Denmark national football team matches. Since their foundation, FCK have developed a fierce rivalry with Brøndby IF. The Copenhagen Derby games between the two sides have attracted some of the biggest crowds in Danish football history.

Early success
Football Club Copenhagen is, in many ways, both an old and a new club. Even though the club was established in 1992, it is rooted in more than 100 years of club tradition. The club's first team represents two separate clubs: Kjøbenhavns Boldklub (continental Europe's oldest football club) founded in 1876 and Boldklubben 1903 founded in 1903. Due to financial difficulties throughout the clubs in the Copenhagen area in the 1980s and Kjøbenhavns Boldklub's on the verge of bankruptcy, the two old Copenhagen clubs got together and established the superstructure which is FC København. Copenhagen used Boldklubben's club license to play in the Danish Superliga championship, while Kjøbenhavns Boldklub became the official reserve team of the club. With the rebuilding of the Parken Stadium, Denmark's national team stadium, the new club had a modern stadium to play at from the beginning. The initial ambition of the club was continually to qualify for one of the European competitions each season. To reach this goal, the club needed a solid economy, a relatively big fan base and an "attractive and positive style of football."

Benny Johansen managed the club and started its maiden season well. FCK made its first appearance in the European tournaments when it beat Swiss team Grasshoppers 2–1 in the 1992 UEFA Intertoto Cup. FCK won the Intertoto Cup that year and thereby qualified for the UEFA Cup, where it was eliminated in the second round by French team Auxerre. The club's first trophy was the 1992–93 Superliga title, their debut league campaign. For the 1993–94 Superliga season, expectations were high. The season opened with a 0–6 thrashing at the hands of Italian team Milan in the 1993–94 Champions League qualifiers. FCK went on winter break after the first half of the Superliga season in third place. In the spring of 1994, Copenhagen gained on leading team Silkeborg IF. In the penultimate match of the season, the two teams met at the Parken Stadium. In front of a record-setting attendance of 26,679, FCK won the match 4–1. The club was one point ahead of Silkeborg, but because FCK lost 3–2 to Odense in the final game of the season, it had to settle for second place.

Years of underachievement
For the next three seasons, Copenhagen had little success in the Superliga, despite winning two Danish Cups. The team won the 1995 Cup final against Akademisk Boldklub with a 5–0 win, qualifying for European football once again, despite mediocre results in the league. Kim Brink took over as manager in 1996, but despite winning the second Cup trophy for the club, the eighth-place finish in the 1996–97 Superliga season prompted another change in managers.

Flemming Østergaard joins the board
In February 1997, Flemming Østergaard, later given the nickname "Don Ø," joined the board of the club as vice chairman and CEO. After a successful IPO, generating DKK 75 million, FCK was introduced on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange in November 1997. The 1997–98 season marked the first season that Copenhagen averaged more than 10,000 spectators at home, and the club bought their stadium Parken for DKK 138 million in June 1998. The self-acclaimed "best manager in Denmark," Christian Andersen, began managing the club in January 1999. After 75 controversial days, however, he was fired in March 1999; Sports Director Niels-Christian Holmstrøm explained Andersen had created frustration among the players.

In 1999, Copenhagen made its impact in Europe when it faced English side Chelsea in the second round UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. In the first leg away at Stamford Bridge, Bjarne Goldbæk gave Copenhagen the lead nine minutes before the end of the match, but Chelsea scored in the last minute of the game. Chelsea later won the second game at Parken with a goal by the Dane Brian Laudrup, knocking out FCK. At the post-match press conference, it was announced that Chelsea's Brian Laudrup was signing with Copenhagen in January 1999, with Bjarne Goldbæk moving in the other direction for Chelsea. Laudrup, a four-time Danish Player of the Year award winner, however, could not help Copenhagen improve their league position, and the club ended the year in seventh in the 1998–99 Superliga season. Laudrup only stayed for six months at the club before signing for Ajax at the end of the season. In the 1999–2000 season, F.C. Copenhagen struggled to make any significant impact and finished eighth in the league.

Champions again
In the winter 2000 transfer window, South African striker Sibusiso Zuma was signed from South African side Orlando Pirates, and in May 2000, English manager Roy Hodgson became the new manager. From the 2000–01 season, the club started to improve. The club won its second Superliga championship, winning 3–1 in the last Copenhagen Derby match of the season. One of the goals scored in this match, a bicycle kick by Zuma, was later voted the Danish goal of the year, was voted the best Superliga goal of the decade in December 2009, and in 2013 voted as the greatest moment in the history of FCK. Roy Hodgson broke his contract with Copenhagen a few weeks after having won the championship, signing with Italian team Udinese, and he was replaced by Swede Kent Karlsson. The 2001 season is also remembered for a highly dramatic event. During training on 13 March 2001 charismatic midfielder Ståle Solbakken suffered a heart attack. He was rapidly attended to by club doctor Frank Odgaard who found that his heart had stopped beating and started to administer cardiac massage. Upon the ambulance's arrival, Solbakken was pronounced clinically dead at the scene, but on the way to the hospital in the ambulance he was revived nearly seven minutes later. He survived the episode and had a pacemaker fitted. Shortly after, on medical advice, he announced his playing retirement, but would later return to the club and become its most successful manager.

Copenhagen faced Italian team Lazio for qualification to the 2001–02 Champions League. A 2–1 win for FCK in the first game proved moot, as Lazio ultimately progressed with a 5–3 aggregate score. Copenhagen thus entered the 2001–02 UEFA Cup, where it defeated Dutch giants Ajax 1–0 on a goal from left back Niclas Jensen. In the next round, German powerhouse Borussia Dortmund eliminated Copenhagen. The 2001–02 Superliga season also ended in disappointment for the club, as Brøndby won the championship on goal difference after FCK had caught up with Brøndby's ten-point lead after the first half of the season. In the second-last round of the 2002–03 Superliga season, FCK faced Brøndby at Brøndby Stadium. In extra time, Hjalte Nørregaard scored his first goal for Copenhagen and brought the championship back to Parken for the club's third ever league title.

In the Champions League second qualifying round in 2004–05, FCK won the first match against Slovenian club ND Gorica 2–1, but later lost at Parken 0–5. Under Backe, Copenhagen went on to win the 2004 and 2006 Danish championships and the 2004 Danish Cup. Copenhagen also won the inaugural 2004–05 edition of the Royal League tournament, beating Swedish team IFK Göteborg on penalty shootout in the 2005 final. Copenhagen repeated the achievement in the 2006 edition of the tournament, this time beating Norwegian team Lillestrøm SK 1–0 in the 2006 final. Backe became the longest-serving coach for FCK before leaving the club in December 2005. Former Copenhagen player Ståle Solbakken took over as manager.

European ambitions
For the 2006–07 season, Danish national team player Jesper Grønkjær reinforced Copenhagen. FCK looked forward to the 2006–07 Champions League qualifiers, where it beat Ajax. For the first time in the club's history, FCK entered the group stage of the Champions League, being grouped with Celtic, Benfica and Manchester United, all former winners of the trophy. Despite not losing a game at Parken (Benfica 0–0, Manchester United 1–0 and Celtic 3–1), FCK failed to qualify from the Champions League group stage after losing all of its away games. On 9 May, Copenhagen defeated Brøndby 1–0 and won its fifth Danish championship in seven years with four games to spare in the league.

In the 2007–08 season, Copenhagen lost the third qualification round of the Champions League with a 1–3 aggregate score to Benfica. After beating Lens 3–2, FCK qualified for the group stages of the 2007–08 UEFA Cup, where it played Panathinaikos (H), Lokomotiv Moscow (A), Atlético Madrid (H) and Aberdeen. Copenhagen fell to Panathinaikos and Atlético, but a win against Lokomotiv meant that the club needed only a draw against Aberdeen to qualify for the next round. However, a 0–4 defeat to Aberdeen put them out of the tournament. In the 2007–08 Superliga season, Copenhagen finished third, with AaB taking the title.

In the 2008–09 season, Copenhagen began strong. The team qualified for the 2008–09 UEFA Cup group stage by eliminating Cliftonville, Lillestrøm and FC Moscow. In the group, FCK lost at home to Saint-Étienne and drew 1–1 against Valencia. With a 1–1 draw against Rosenborg and a win over Club Brugge, Copenhagen qualified for the knockout phase of the competition, where it drew 2–2 in the first leg of the round of 32 against Manchester City on 19 February 2009. The club lost 1–2 in the second leg, and were eliminated, but not in disappointment as the club had gone far in the competition. In the domestic league, FCK battled for first place with Brøndby and Odense. Eventually, Copenhagen won the Cup final against AaB and claimed the league title with one game to spare in the tournament, thus securing the Double for the second time in the club's history. 2010 proved to be yet another European success. Even though the team lost the 2009–10 Champions League playoff match to APOEL with a 2–3 aggregate loss, the team had already qualified to the 2009–10 Europa League group stage by eliminating FK Mogren and Stabæk. With two victories over Sparta Prague, (1–0 at home, 3–0 away and a victory at home against Romanian club CFR Cluj, Copenhagen qualified for the round of 32 to face Marseille. The match-up, however, resulted in two 1–3 losses for Copenhagen, thus eliminating them from the competition.

The team's qualification to the 2010–11 Champions League was secured after ibeating BATE Borisov (0–0 / 3–2) and Rosenborg (1–2 / 1–0). The team thus entered the group stage in Group D and met Barcelona, Panathinaikos and Rubin Kazan. After a 3–1 win against Panathinaikos in their last group stage match, they qualified for the round of 16—thereby becoming the first-ever Danish club to reach the stage in the Champions League—where Chelsea defeated them, although keeping a clean sheet at Stamford Bridge.

Solbakken returns
Copenhagen won the 2012–13 Danish Superliga to secure a direct place in the group stage of the 2013–14 Champions League. However, after a horrific start to the 2013–14 Danish Superliga season, FCK fired manager Ariël Jacobs, rehiring Ståle Solbakken as his replacement. Solbakken was given a two-year contract with the option for a further two-year extension. In the Champions League, the club was placed into Group B alongside Real Madrid, Juventus and Galatasaray. FCK secured four points by drawing 1–1 against Juventus at home and winning 1–0 at home over Galatasaray after a great goal by Daniel Braaten. The club, however, conceded its first-ever Champions League group stage home defeat after falling 0–2 to Real Madrid in the last round of the group stage.

Copenhagen finished the 2013–14 league in second place, despite having been situated third for numerous weeks. A 3–2 away win against FC Midtjylland saw them closing in on the second place. In the last round of the league, FCK beat Odense Boldklub 3–2 at home whilst Midtjylland lost their game 3–1, ensuring Copenhagen's seizure of second place and its subsequent spot in the qualifying round of the 2014–15 Champions League. Copenhagen was drawn against Ukrainian outfit Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk in the third qualifying round. After an aggregate victory of 2–0 over Dnipro, Copenhagen was drawn against German club Bayer Leverkusen in the play-off round. The Germans, however, defeated Copenhagen 7–2 aggregate, dropping Copenhagen to contention in the 2014–15 Europa League. In the Europa League, Copenhagen finished last in its group with one win one draw and four losses. The 2014–15 season ended with Copenhagen winning the Danish Cup and finishing second in the Superliga.

The 2015–16 season began with FCK bringing in six new players, most notably Danish international and former AaB player Kasper Kusk. By placing second in 2014–15, Copenhagen began in the second qualifying round of the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, where they were drawn against Welsh club Newtown, defeating them 5–1 on aggregate to qualify them for the next round against Czech outfit Baumit Jablonec. The opening game of the 2015–16 Danish Superliga ended in a 2–1 away win for FCK against Esbjerg fB through goals from Marvin Pourié and Nicolai Jørgensen. Despite a 0–1 away win over Baumit Jablonec, Copenhagen lost its home game 2–3, resulting in a 3–3 aggregate loss on the away goals rule. This marked the first time in ten years that Copenhagen failed to qualify for either the Champions League or Europa League. On 5 May, the Danish Cup was won, after a 2–1 win Over AGF, with goals from Nicolai Jørgensen and William Kvist.

After winning the title the previous season, Copenhagen would compete in the 2016–17 Champions League qualifiers. In the playoff round they met APOEL, and was faced with the challenge on getting revenge after their tie against them in 2009. The first leg at Parken stadium ended 1–0 to the home team, and in the second leg, Copenhagen equalised in the 86th minute via Federico Santander's shot from a wide angle, qualifying for the group stage, with an aggregate score of 2–1. Copenhagen were subsequently placed in a group with Leicester City, Porto and Club Brügge. They would after 2 wins, 1 loss and 3 draws, finish 3rd in their group and move on to the 2016–17 Europa League Round of 32 where they met Ludogorats, whom they beat 2–1 on aggregate. In the round of 16, they met Ajax. In the first leg at home, Copenhagen won 2–1. The away leg finished 2–0 to Ajax, and Copenhagen were knocked out of the tournament, with that seasons achievements in the Europa League being their best finish in the competition at the time. Domestically, the season was another season to enjoy for fans of the club. Copenhagen won the league with the closest competition, Brøndby, finishing 24 points behind them. At the time they were crowned champions, following a draw against FC Nordsjælland they were unbeaten in the league, with their first loss of the season coming against FC Midtjylland 2 rounds later, and subsequently another loss against Lyngby BK the round right after. Copenhagen also reached the cup final, where they met arch-rivals Brøndby. With the match at 1–1, Copenhagen secured the win with two goals in rapid succession, in the 83rd and 85th minutes, scored by Santander and Cornelius respectively, thus resulting in the club from the capital winning their third consecutive cup final, along with their second consecutive domestic double.

In September 2019, the club announced that it would change its name in European competitions and would subsequently be known as F.C. Copenhagen with UEFA changing their abbreviation 'KOB' to 'CPH'.

Winning the 2018–19 Danish Superliga placed Copenhagen in the second qualifying round of the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League, beating Welsh outfit The New Saints. The following round against Red Star Belgrade ended 2–2 on aggregate, with Copenhagen pulling the shortest straw and going out in penalties, thus sending Copenhagen to the UEFA Europa League instead. Here Latvian team Riga were beaten 3–2 on aggregate thus securing qualification for the group stage. Copenhagen finishing second in Group B contested with FC Lugano, Dynamo Kyiv and Scandinavian rivals Malmö FF. Copenhagen were then drawn against Scottish outfit Celtic in the first knockout round of the UEFA Europa League. The first match in Telia Parken finished 1–1, whilst Copenhagen won the return leg 3–1 at Celtic Park. The opponent for the next round were the Turkish club Istanbul Başakşehir. The game ended 1–0 with Copenhagen falling to a late penalty converted by Edin Višća. The subsequent return match in Copenahagen was temporarily put on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 5 August 2020, Copenhagen won 3–0 over Istanbul Başakşehir to reach the quarter-finals for the first time in their history. In the quarter-finals, Copenhagen lost 0–1 to Manchester United with a penalty from Bruno Fernandes coming in after extra time.

After poor results in the beginning of the 2020–21 Danish Superliga, and failure to qualify for the 2020–21 Europa League, Ståle Solbakken was sacked by the club, and Hjalte Bo Nørregaard took over as caretaker manager, until Jess Thorup was appointed in November 2020.

Stadium

FCK owns its stadium, the national arena Parken Stadium. It was built in 1992, the same year the club was founded. Until the stadium opened (as Parken) in September 1992, the club played its first home matches at the smaller Østerbro Stadion, which is located adjacent to Parken. Parken has 38,065 seats, 4,000 fewer seats than the original capacity of 42,305.

Supporters
After 2000, the club has regularly attracted one of the highest attendances in Scandinavia. The official fan club, F.C. København Fan Club has more than 20,000 members. "FCKFC" was founded on 24 October 1991, approximately half a year before FCK played its first match. Furthermore, there are many unofficial "factions" connected to Copenhagen, the biggest being Urban Crew, Copenhagen Cooligans and Copenhagen Casuals. These are also reported to have friendships with factions from Hamburger SV, Rangers, IFK Helsinki and Helsingborgs IF. For the 2006–07 season, there were 23,795 spectators on average. For many years, the lower part of the "C-stand" at Parken, Nedre C, has been the main stand for the supporters of FCK. In 2006, a part of the lower "B-stand" was made a separate fan section for the fans who wanted to create more of an atmosphere and named Sektion 12. In general, most of FCK's supporters are from, and live, in the Copenhagen area, unlike their rivals, Brøndby IF, who have a reported 57% of their fanbase coming from Jutland. The area Sektion 12 on the lower "B-stand" grew so popular that the fans in a dialogue with the club made it bigger. That meant that the former family-area in the stadium in the other part of the "B-stand" got the whole new area called the "D-stand". The Sektion 12 area on the whole lower "B-stand" grew more and more popular which meant that the fans had a new dialogue with the club. That dialogue went well for the supporters and the club supported the suggestion of making the upper "B-stand" the second part of Sektion 12. Sektion 12 on the whole "B-stand" is now Northern Europe's biggest active stand.

National

 * Danish Superliga
 * Winners (15) (shared record): 1992–93, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2012–13, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2018–19, 2021–22, 2022–23
 * Runners-up (7): 1993–94, 2001–02, 2004–05, 2011–12, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2019–20
 * Danish Cup
 * Winners (9) (shared record): 1994–95, 1996–97, 2003–04, 2008–09, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2022–23
 * Runners-up (4): 1997–98, 2001–02, 2006–07, 2013–14
 * Danish League Cup
 * Winners: 1996
 * Runners-up (2): 2005, 2006
 * Danish Super Cup
 * Winners (3): 1995, 2001, 2004
 * Ørestad Cup
 * Winners (2): 2000, 2002
 * The Atlantic Cup
 * Winners (1): 2014
 * Runners-up (2): 2020, 2022

Regional

 * Royal League
 * Winners (2): 2004–05, 2005–06
 * Runner-up: 2006–07

Copenhagen in European competitions
Copenhagen's first competitive European match was on 16 September 1992, in the 1992–93 UEFA Cup, beating MP 10–1 before losing to AJ Auxerre in the second round. In their first ever UEFA Champions League group stage match in 2006 they beat Manchester United 1–0 at home, via a goal in the 73rd minute by Marcus Allbäck.

Since then, the club has become the most successful Danish team in European competitions, reaching the group stage of the UEFA Champions League six times (2006–07, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2016–17, 2022–23 and 2023–24) and advancing to the round of 16 in 2010–11 and 2023–24.

The closest they came to winning European silverware was in the 2019–20 season, when they reached the quarter-finals of the Europa League, which they lost to Manchester United 0–1 in added extra time.

UEFA club coefficient ranking
As of 14 December 2023, Source: UEFA club coefficients

Reserves and youth teams

 * See F.C. Copenhagen Reserves and Youth Team

FC Copenhagen All Stars
In 2014, 32,000 fans participated in a fan vote selecting their 11 all-time favourite Copenhagen players.

Coaching history
There have been fifteen different coaches (permanent coaches and caretakers) of FC Copenhagen since 1992. One of the caretakers, Kim Brink, has coached the club during three separate tenures. The only non-Scandinavians to coach FCK are Roy Hodgson and Ariël Jacobs. The longest-running coach is Ståle Solbakken who has been in charge of FCK from 2006 to 2011 and from 2013 until 2020. Ståle Solbakken is also the most successful coach, in terms of winning percentage, with a winning percentage at 58.5%. Christian Andersen is FCK's least successful coach with a winning percentage at 0%. Andersen is also the shortest-running permanent coach of FCK as he only was in charge of FCK for just a single match before he was fired.

Records
All-time goal scorers in all official tournaments
 * 1 Dame N'Doye 118 Goals (217 Games)
 * 2 César Santin 84 Goals (220 Games)
 * 3 Todi Jónsson 68 Goals (207 Games)
 * 4 Lars Højer 66 Goals (214 Games)
 * 5 Andreas Cornelius 65 Goals (213 Games)
 * 6 Peter Møller 55 Goals (203 Games)
 * 7 Sibusiso Zuma 53 Goals (188 Games)
 * 8 Nicolai Jørgensen 52 Goals (146 Games)
 * 9 Álvaro Santos 50 Goals (120 Games)
 * 10 Federico Santander 48 Goals (112 Games)
 * 11 Jonas Wind 46 Goals (114 Games)
 * 12 Marcus Allbäck 45 Goals (120 Games)
 * 13 David Nielsen 43 Goals (133 Games)
 * 14 Morten Nordstrand 41 Goals (130 Games)
 * 15 Martin Johansen 41 Goals (146 Games)
 * 16 Ailton Almeida 37 Goals (139 Games)
 * 17 Pieros Sotiriou 35 Goals (110 Games)
 * 18 Hjalte Bo Nørregaard 34 Goals (320 Games)
 * 19 Robert Skov 33 Goals (72 Games)

Most matches
 * Superliga: William Kvist (2005) – 285
 * UEFA tournaments: William Kvist (2005) – 90
 * Overall: William Kvist (2005) – 425

Most goals
 * Superliga: Dame N'Doye (2009) – 90
 * UEFA tournaments: Dame N'Doye (2009) – 21
 * Overall: Dame N'Doye (2009) – 118

Biggest victory in the Superliga
 * 7–0 home against Odense Boldklub on 5 March 2023

Biggest defeat in the Superliga Biggest victory in European cups
 * 0–5 away against Silkeborg on 17 April 1994
 * 0–5 away against Brøndby on 16 May 2005
 * 7–0 home against Cliftonville on 31 July 2008 (UEFA Cup)

Biggest defeat in European cups
 * 0–6 home against Milan on 20 October 1993 (Champions League)

Attendance record
 * 41,201 spectators against Brøndby on 30 April 2006

Youngest and oldest player playing in the Superliga
 * Youngest player playing for Copenhagen: Roony Bardghji – 16 years and 6 days against AGF on 21 November 2021
 * Oldest player playing for FC Copenhagen: Per Poulsen – 42 years and 125 days against Brøndby on 18 June 1995

Most Danish national championships won as player and manager (In brackets debut year)
 * Player: William Kvist – 8
 * Manager: Ståle Solbakken – 8

Esports
F.C. Copenhagen launched an esports division called North in 2017, with a Danish team in Counter-Strike: Global Offensive. The team had some success, making the playoffs of two Global Offensive Majors and winning DreamHack Masters Stockholm 2018. The team ceased operations in February 2021, citing financial difficulties brought on in part by the COVID-19 pandemic.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: F.C. Copenhagen


text:
User talk:James3795

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Hi, please don't spam links. This sort of behavior is discouraged and could lead to removal of editing privileges. Maximus Rex 17:26, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * His Maximus Rex - I am adding only those pages that contain content not found on Wikipedia. I understand it may appear as spamming because of the volume (I'm going through the letters of the alphabet) but if you actually compare the URLs in the external links I've added they do indeed contain relevent information not available on Wiki. This content may not be added directly.

 * Hi. Wikipedia is not the appropriate place to add links to a single website to a large number of articles. Wikipedia is not intended as a gateway to other web sites.  If there is relevent content that you feel needs to be added to articles, please use the information you find from other sources in your own words to the Wikipedia articles.  Thanks. -  Tεx  τ  urε  17:33, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * No, to do that would be plagarism and also against the agreement of the content on that website. There are actually numerous links from there to Wikipedia e.g. www.online-dictionary.biz/english/vocabulary/reference/cockateel.asp
 * It is quality, not quantity that should be an issue. And I am ONLY adding links were they provide additional information. I understand that Wiki has a history of problems with people abusing the project but please understand that I am only adding links to information that is NOT available on Wiki, which is the purpose of the 'External Links' sections and therefore not against the terms of use. I am only adding relevent information that adds to the quality of Wiki :)

 * No one is suggesting that you need to plagarize anything. Using sources for information is different from copying the content.  I can look into Webster's dictionary for a definition and write my own article about the same subject without taking content from Webster's.  There is no need to put a link to one site on every article.  Otherwise we'd have britannica.com links on every single article.  Wouldn't that be silly? -  Tεx  τ  urε  17:52, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Ha ha - yes, I see your point there. However when you write a dissertation or thesis you are always required to mention sources where you derived facts. If you are writing based on your own compounded knowledge then that is different, but if the information is being directly taken the reworded then that is still plagarism. That said, I understand your point about 'too many external links' and shall respect it. Thanks for taking the time to explain this to me Texture & Maximus! :)

title: User talk:James3795


text:
Cleopatra (group)

Cleopatra are an English girl group, consisting of sisters Cleo, Zainam and Yonah Higgins. Their debut single, "Cleopatra's Theme" entered the UK Singles Chart at number 3, and the Billboard Hot 100 at number 26.

Comin' Atcha!
The girl group was originally based in Manchester, England with sisters Cleo, Yonah, and Zainam Higgins. At first they were known as Cleopatra and the Attractions. At that point Cleo was the lead singer with Yonah and Zainam serving as backup singers and dancers. They later dropped that name and became known as the band Cleopatra. Their debut single was "Cleopatra's Theme", which was taken from their debut album Comin' Atcha!, and it entered the UK Singles Chart at number 3 giving them their first Top 5 hit single.

The next three singles—"Life Ain't Easy", a cover of The Jackson 5's "I Want You Back" and "Thank ABBA for the Music"—all followed the same success by reaching the top 5, gaining the girls BRIT Awards and MOBO Awards nominations. They performed at the 1999 BRIT Awards and were nominated for Best British Newcomer. Madonna signed Cleopatra to her Maverick label and introduced them to the United States at Nickelodeon's 11th Annual Kids' Choice Awards, where they performed their debut single, "Cleopatra's Theme". It was released shortly afterwards, reaching number 26 on the Billboard Hot 100, and number 16 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The video was also popular, peaking at number 4 on the TRL Top 10 countdown. Their debut album Comin' Atcha entered the US top 30 in July 1998 and sold over 300,000 copies. The group filmed a live show for a 60-minute Disney Channel special, "Cleopatra in Concert", where they performed their biggest hits aboard the Disney cruise ship, Disney Magic. The show also contained a behind-the-scenes look into the lives of the three sisters over a four-day Bahamas cruise.

Cleopatra were invited to support the Spice Girls on the UK leg of their sell out Spiceworld Tour playing to 150,000 fans at Wembley Stadium. They were also invited to perform at the Vatican Christmas Carol Concert, by request of Pope John Paul II, an event which is broadcast around the world. Backed by a 100-piece orchestra, they sang "O Come All Ye Faithful" and "Silent Night". The performance was later released on DVD in 2004 as All-Star Christmas - From the Vatican. They covered the Bee Gees song "I've Gotta Get a Message to You", renaming it "Gotta Get a Message to You", for the tribute album of the same name. They were also asked to record a cover of the disco song "Right Back Where We Started From" for An Extremely Goofy Movie by Disney.

Steppin' Out
Cleopatra moved onto their second album Steppin' Out, working with top record producers, including Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Dallas Austin, Daryl Simmons, Cutfather & Joe, and Stargate. They shot their album cover with photographer Markus Klinko. They toured the US in 2000 promoting the lead single from Steppin Out, "U Got It". They promoted the single on various television programs including The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and The Queen Latifah Show.

Also as the new spokeswomen for cosmetics firm CoverGirl, they sang the theme tune for their new make-up line 'Triple Lipstick' television advertisement. The advert, narrated by Cleo, was filmed on Miami's South Beach in 2000 and saw the girls on stage performing the theme song. They then moved on to tour Japan and promoted their Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis produced Japanese single "Yes, The Party's Going Right". They were invited to perform a mini-concert for the Sultan of Brunei and his royal family.

However, changes within Warner and everyone who was working on the Cleopatra project led to lack of promotion of their UK single, "Come and Get Me" which entered the UK Singles Chart at #29; the Steppin' Out release date for the UK was pushed back, and the album was eventually never released in the UK. The label wanted Cleo as a solo artist, and this led to the group's parting ways with Warner.

Television sitcom
On Christmas Eve 1998, CITV premiered Cleopatra's one-hour Christmas Special for their new sitcom, with a host of stars to help launch the show. The series had two seasons: Season 1 Comin' Atcha! and Season 2, In the House. The show was twenty minutes per episode and a mix of music and comedy. The plot followed the girls' lives on tour and at home with their family. Their mother and younger sister were featured in both seasons as themselves.

Later works
In 2005, the group came together for a one-off performance on ITV1's Hit Me, Baby, One More Time. They later appeared on Living TV's Pop Goes the Band in 2009. On 17 November 2009, Cleopatra performed a comeback show live at Embassy in London. As of 2016, the band have yet to release any new music.

Cleo appeared as a contestant on series 2 of The Voice UK, exiting the show at the semi-finals.

Current

 * Cleo Higgins – lead vocals
 * Yonah Higgins – backing vocals

Former

 * Zainam Higgins – backing vocals

title: Cleopatra (group)


text:
User talk:DonSnyder~enwiki

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title: User talk:DonSnyder~enwiki


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User talk:Pèrez

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Honestly, I have no idea. I've copied your question to Help desk; hopefully, someone there will know. Check that location. Best wishes, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 20:22, 2004 Jul 27 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pèrez


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Hydra

Hydra generally refers to:
 * Lernaean Hydra, a many-headed serpent in Greek mythology
 * Hydra (genus), a genus of simple freshwater animals belonging to the phylum Cnidaria

Hydra or The Hydra may also refer to:

Astronomy

 * Hydra (constellation)
 * Hydra (moon), a satellite of Pluto

Computing

 * Hydra (chess), a chess computer
 * Hydra (digital repository), an open-source digital repository software product later renamed Samvera
 * Hydra (operating system), an early, discontinued, capability-based, object-oriented microkernel
 * Hydra (software), a parallelized network login cracker built in various operating systems
 * Hydra (specification), a specification for REST APIs
 * Hydra 100, a multi-GPU hardware solution
 * HYDRA Game Development Kit, a development system by André LaMothe
 * Razer Hydra, a game controller
 * NEC HYDRAstor, a storage system

Fictional entities

 * Hydra (comics), a fictional organization in the Marvel Universe
 * Hydra (Marvel Cinematic Universe), an organisation in the Marvel Cinematic Universe based on the comics counterpart
 * Hydra (Dungeons & Dragons), a fictional monster in D&D
 * Hydra (Transformers), a character in Transformers
 * The Hydra, a fictional organization in The Phantom
 * Hydra, a character in UFO Ultramaiden Valkyrie
 * The Hydra, a fictional deity created by Henry Kuttner
 * Mother Hydra, the co-ruler of the Deep One race in the Cthulhu Mythos
 * The Hydra, a fictional fighter jet in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas and Grand Theft Auto Online
 * The Hydra, a fictional machine in Kirby Air Ride
 * Hydra, a boss enemy in the video game Prototype 2

Film and television

 *  Hydra (film), a 2008 monster movie
 * Hydra (Chuck), a fictional database on Chuck
 * Hydra, a fictional Dharma Initiative station on Lost

Music

 * Hydra Entertainment, the hip-hop record label
 * Hydra (band), an American southern rock band in the 1970s
 * Hydra (E.P.), an E.P. by British ambient duo Main (band), 1991
 * Hydra (Otep album), 2013
 * Hydra, an album by Satariel, 2005
 * Hydra (Toto album), or the title song, 1979
 * Hydra (Within Temptation album), 2014
 * Hydra, an album by Iris, 2008
 * "Hydra", a song by Dir En Grey from Macabre, 2000
 * "Hydra", a song by Twilight Force from Dawn of the Dragonstar, 2019
 * "HYDRA", a song by Myth & Roid, 2018
 * "The Hydra", a song by Le Sserafim from Antifragile, 2022

People

 * Hydra (skater), roller derby skater
 * Hydra (wrestler), American professional wrestler
 * Hydra, an alias of DJ and producer The Thrillseekers

Places

 * Hydra, Algeria, a neighbourhood and a municipality in Algiers
 * Hydra (island), an island of Greece

Ships

 * Hydra (ship), a hydrogen ship
 * Greek ironclad Hydra, a French-built ironclad warship launched in 1889
 * Greek destroyer Hydra, a Dardo-class destroyer launched in 1932
 * Greek frigate Hydra, a MEKO 200-type frigate launched in 1992, lead ship of the Hydra class frigate
 * HMS Hydra (1797), a 38-gun fifth rate
 * HMS Hydra (1838), a wooden steam paddle sloop
 * Hydra-class sloop, a class of British steam sloops
 * HMS Hydra (1871), a Cyclops-class turret ship
 * HMS Hydra (1912), an Acheron-class destroyer
 * HMS Hydra J275), an Algerine-class minesweeper launched in 1942
 * HMS Hydra (A144), an oceanographic survey vessel launched in 1965
 * Hydra-class minelayer, a class of Dutch 1910s minelayers
 * HNLMS Hydra (A854), a Duch Navy diving support vessel

Other uses

 * The Hydra, a literary magazine
 * Hydra (association), a German self-help and advocacy group for prostitutes
 * Hydra (video game), an arcade and Atari Lynx video game
 * Hydra game, a concept in mathematical logic
 * Hydra Market, a Russian language dark web marketplace that facilitated trafficking of illegal drugs as well as financial services
 * Hydra the Revenge, a roller coaster at Dorney Park in Pennsylvania, US
 * Hydra 70, an air-to-ground rocket
 * Hydra Technologies, an unmanned aerial vehicle firm
 * Hydra Trophy, a trophy of the roller derby WFTDA Championships
 * Hydra, a wireless station during World War II at Camp X
 * Operation Hydra (Yugoslavia)
 * Operation Hydra (1943)

title: Hydra


text:
User talk:Jayc12

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title: User talk:Jayc12


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Nina Gilbert

Getting into an edit war over this with the anon who posted it. This is a character who appeared in a single episode of The Wild Wild West. Little to do with the character and reads more like a plot synopsis of the article on the episode called Night of the Steel Assassin which he wrote as well. Tried to redirect to main article...anon keeps reverting even after I left a polite note on his previously nonexistent talk page. Whatcha think? - Lucky 6.9 17:11, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC) P.S. I'm not starting a war here. I just came back to look for the entry I'd just made and found it missing. Later I saw you had changed it to a redirect, but to the wrong entry. If you redirect to the Wild, Wild West, you'll really never find any information about Nina.
 * Agreed, delete or at least redirect. It's interesting that the synopsis here is more detailed than the duplicate one in the Night of the Steel Assassin article. A redirect to that article would work, but I'm tempted to go for delete here (after moving the info over to the Steel Assassin article). I don't think that a character who was in a single episode is noteworthy, unless it can be shown that the character achieved some cult status or something. - Eisnel 18:00, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * DELETE. -- orthogonal 18:43, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fancruft. Some people have way too much time on their hands. Wile E. Heresiarch 01:05, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Fire Star 01:31, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm the anonymous poster of this entry. For me, Nina was one of the two most memorable characters from the Wild, Wild West series (the other was Emma Valentine, the match-maker from Hell).  Not bad, after almost 40 years.  The reason I created this entry was to provide background (and links) to the suggestion and hypnosis entries.  The writer did a really good job of including these in his story.  The entry for "The Night of the Steel Assassin" deals more with Col. Torres and his grievances.  This entry deals more with Nina, who is barely mentioned in the episode plot summary.  Hope this helps you understand where I'm coming from.
 * Good point, and I'm sympathetic to your frustration. Here's why I tried to redirect it:  One-time characters, unless they've developed a sort of cult following, aren't particularly good subjects for an encyclopedia entry.  It would be like writing an article about some "Star Trek" ensign who gets blown to smithereens five minutes into the show.  Believe me, putting an article here is by no means a personal attack.  I'm sure I speak for all present when I say thank you for your civility.  We've gotten ripped from lips to hips in the past over less.  Best, Lucky 6.9 16:49, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Anon, you mentioned that the Night of the Steel Assassin article didn't have an adequate synopsis. I encourage you to update that article. I agree that the synopsis you wrote for the Nina Gilbert article was more thorough, it would incorporate nicely into the Steel Assassin article. Then you could link things to the Steel Assassin article, or have links in the Steel Assassin article that go to pages on hypnosis and suggestion. And if you decide to stick around and make edits (if we didn't scare you away), create an account and then introduce yourself to the community at the new user log. - Eisnel 17:39, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I couldn't agree more. Heaven knows this site needs all the folks who act in good faith as it can get.  PLEASE take a moment to create an account. - Lucky 6.9 18:00, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect. I went ahead and merged the episode synopsis from Nina Gilbert to Night of the Steel Assassin, since it was far superior to the existing one.  The Steve 10:18, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

Concensus to redirect. DJ Clayworth 16:41, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)


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Wikipedia talk:Articles for deletion/Ron Redifer

Please delete all of my information... Ron Redifer


text:
Talk:Indigenous peoples of Arizona

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 7 January 2019 and 10 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Andrew Mageo.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 00:26, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Zunis
Zunis are not far from Arizona but the Rez is entirely in New Mexico, and I wonder if it's accurate to list them on this page. ;Bear 17:14, 2004 Jul 27 (UTC)

Who cares where the rez is? This is talking about people, not carvings of land. The Zuni have lived for hundreds of years in the Zuni River Valley which includes parts of Arizona, and there are still Zuni living in the Arizona part of the valley and many of them speak the language.

BIA tribe list
Been meaning to add this list of tribes and their webpage links to wikipedia for a long time. But it begs the effort to link more articles to the category of the same name, which is almost empty right now. 24.221.121.232 05:28, 2 October 2005 (UTC)

Native American tribes in Arizona
Because Native American peoples have been inhabiting what is now the state of Arizona since long before the state was created, I'm proposing this article be moved to Native American tribes in Arizona. As these peoples pre-date the formation of Arizona, the word "of" is not as accurate as the word "in". This wording would also match the wording chosen for Indigenous peoples in the United States and Native Americans in the United States. I welcome comments and suggestions regarding this proposal. Kurieeto 17:29, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

I see your point... but I have opposite reaction: "of" has a more permanent weight to it to me. Anyone can come to Arizona and be "in" it, but you must be native to be "of" it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.17.85.152 (talk) 02:53, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

You have this backwards, IMO. "Indigenous peoples in Arizona" can be talked about like "Asian people in Arizona" or "White people in Arizona": a group of people who showed up there relatively recently, and are just "in" the area, maybe even just visiting (!). Using the word "of" adds a greater sense of permanence: they are indigenous to what is now Arizona, thus they are the indigenous peoples of Arizona. --ಠ_ಠ node.ue ಠ_ಠ (talk) 15:07, 27 October 2011 (UTC)

A few small issues.
What is meant by "Southern Paiute" in this list? Could we perhaps break it into "San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe of Arizona" and "Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians"? The Chemehuevi are considered a southern Paiute people as well....

I think it would be nice if this article could be expanded more and perhaps discuss tribal interrelations, influence, commonalities etc.

For example, here is a breakdown of tribes by language family:

Uto-Aztecan

Hopi: Hopi

Numic: Southern Paiute, Chemehuevi

Tepiman: Tohono O’odham (Papago), Akimel O’odham (Pima)

Taracahitic: Yaqui

Athabaskan

Apache: Chiricahua, Dilzhę́’é (Tonto), San Carlos, White Mountain

Navajo

Kiowa-Tanoan

Tewa

Yuman

Delta-Californian: Cocopah

River Yuman: Quechan (Yuma), Maricopa (Pii-paash), Mohave (Hamakhava), Halchidhoma

Pai: Yavapai, Hualapai, Havasupai

Zuni (language isolate)

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.17.85.152 (talk) 03:05, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

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Wiki Education assignment: Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples
— Assignment last updated by Carwil (talk) 16:47, 3 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Indigenous peoples of Arizona


text: User talk:62.99.146.117

title: User talk:62.99.146.117