text:
User talk:Nabla/Archive 1

Welcome
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Horizon problem
Hi this is Floorsheim. Thanks for taking a look at the horizon problem article I wrote. A couple of issues: I think it would be better to have causal contact be the link rather than causal seeing as I would think most readers would be familiar with the meaning of the word causal while more would need clarification on causal contact.  Originally, I wrote an entire article about causal contact for that purpose. But then I decided it was too short and merged it with Causality (physics).

Also, we don't observe the plasma that generated the cosmic microwave background (13 billion years ago). We observe the cosmic microwave background. The plasma itself is long gone. Maybe there's a way to make that more clear.

As far as the $$e^{60}$$→$$10^{26}$$ edit, the figure is accurate, but I agree $$10^{26}$$ would be more descriptive for this article.

Thanks,

Floorsheim 01:45, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Agreed. Done. Sorry for the plasma... I didn't noticed that I have (wrongly) changed the meaning of the phrase. I thank you! --Nabla 02:53, 2004 Aug 15 (UTC)

Flesh Fetish
Ei!!! Eu só uso isto desde ontem, porquê envergonhares-te de mim? E quanto aos Flesh Fetish, não são nenhuma banda de garagem. Se quiseres tirar dúvidas, vai ao soulseek, adiciona-me ( guesserit ) e faz o download. - User:Kafaka
 * Eu não me envergonho de ti, não te conheço, e como dizes acabaste de chegar. Tal como eu que conheci isto apenas à 2 semanas.
 * Fico triste pela atitude de alguns portugueses, infelizmente não poucos, que usam espaços livres, como a internet de forma abusiva. Já à algum tempo que não frequento newsgroups mas quando por lá andava a diferença entre, por exexmplo, os grupos estrangeiros como o aus.mathematics e o pt.ciencia (ou lá como se chama) é gritante. Num discute-se matemática, ajuda-se e é-se ajudado, o spam é mínimo. No outro divulgam-se sites pornográficos, vendem-se códigos de cartões de telemóvel, cartões falsos para a TVCabo, e nada de útil.
 * Aquela minha frase terá sido infeliz e talvez tenha feito "pagar o justo pelo pecador". Vou apagá-la. Ainda que tenha acertado em que duas das tuas intervenções foram completamente desenquadrado do contexto de uma enciclopédia: Um artigo sobre um sonho teu e uma referência ao teu sonho no artigo sobre o local onde ele se passou.
 * Não duvido que sejas perfeitamente capaz de entender que tenho (pelo menos) alguma razão.
 * Boas futuras [e|a]dicções e boa sorte na tua busca.--Nabla 14:24, 2004 Aug 18 (UTC)

WikiProject Science
Hey, thanks for your contribution to the WikiProject Science. I'm now back from holidays, and I'm pleased to see your many contributions. Soon, I'll start writing some missing todo lists for the articles you found needing improvements: I think it's a great way to help attract new WikiProject members. Feel free to do so too ! Thanks again. Pcarbonn 16:54, 29 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I thank you. I don't know how much time I'll be able to spend here. I've spent a lot this month but I will not be unemployed indefenitely, hopefuly just a few more days as I'm having an intervew tomorrow... But I think I'll keep helping around for a long time.--Nabla 19:08, 2004 Aug 29 (UTC)

 * I wish you good luck tomorrow ! I can surely understand that you find your job more important than WikiProject Science... Pcarbonn 19:57, 29 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

 * I've been away from WP for a long while, so sorry for the delay on answering. I'll stay with GFDL only.--Nabla 02:11, 2005 Apr 29 (UTC)

UK-geo-stub
Hi Nabla - I've just removed the icon you added to UK-geo-stub. The reason is that a lot of the icons were removed from heavy use templates because of server proplems (see [] for details). Prior to that time, all stub templates already had perfectly reasonable icons (many of which had been agreed on after long discussion (if you look at the top of the lists of stub icons, you'll see that it says not to change icons without consulting the stub-sorting wikiproject firrst). Since the server problem emerged, the only icons used on stub templates are either on low-use cateories or when the icons add more information about the categories (like on the five African regional geography stubs). Grutness|hello?  01:27, 2 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry for the inconvenience. I try to keep up to date with what's going on but there's a lot going on... and I've been away for a while. Thanks for the info.--Nabla 01:34, 2005 May 2 (UTC)
 * PS: Forgive me but... maybe you should help by removing the image from your signature.--Nabla 01:37, 2005 May 2 (UTC)

Fair comment. My one problem with it is that it is my signature, much more so than the word Grutness, or even my real name. The horse is how I sign my name when I'm painting or writing, and it would feel wrong not to sign my name with it here, too. Grutness|hello? 08:37, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

Tom Campbell Black
Hi Nabla, I noticed that you tagged this article as a copyvio. I had recently cleared this article for copyright violations based on the author granting permission on the talk page. Since the original author was the person who posted the article at wikipedia, he releases it per the GFDL.

If you were unaware that the original author has granted permission, then the copyvio tag should be removed.

If you disagree with my clearing of the earlier copyvio, then I'll step aside and let another admin evaluate it this time.

Either way, let me know.

thanks--Duk 03:17, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I wasn't aware of the permission and I guess we can accept it in good faith. I usually look at the article's history but looks like I missed it this time. I've reverted my copyvio notice and did a little wikifying so that it doesn't look like a copyvio for the next person dropping by from cleanup.
 * Shall I de-list it from Copyright problems? Or will you? --Nabla 19:11, 2005 May 16 (UTC)
 * I struck it out at Copyright problems.--Duk 20:21, 16 May 2005 (UTC)
 * OK. Thanks.--Nabla 21:07, 2005 May 16 (UTC)

+P (and +P+)

 * (Just for my future reference: this is related to Heckler_and_Koch_P2000)

Since cartridges are made to specifications which include gas pressures that are tolerant for a given firearm, when you create a "load" for said cartridge (that is, put more powder in it than is strictly tolerated) which is "hot" (higher velocity), you indicate such with +P, or +P+, which is incrementally (although not strictly defined) more "Powerful". Many handgun cartridges have this designation, referred to as "45 ACP +P+" (pronounced plus p plus), and so on. I have not seen it offered on rifle cartridges. Avriette July 9, 2005 05:43 (UTC)

 * Someone that reads comments! Great. Thanks for the explanation.
 * Is there any article explaining this? If not, I think it would be a useful one. Maybe you'd like to rewrite your text above and do it. I could do it but I'd probably just make a very poor stub, since I don't know anything about it. Nabla 19:33:37, 2005-07-09 (UTC)

 * Uhm, I haven't come across any articles on the subject, and I pretty much "watch" all the firearms articles. I'm not opposed to writing the article (stub article) on the subject, but I have a couple concerns. Primarily, that if I get the information wrong, people could get hurt. We're talking about controlled explosives, and every year people are maimed by guns which have been loaded too hot. There are lots of texts on the subject of "hand loading" ammunition, but I haven't got any since I don't actually do it myself. What do you envision the article being titled? "+P" is a poor title. "Cartridge loading" might be better, I guess... but it would probably require going through and finding the various pages which contain that phrase, and linking them accordingly. I suppose I could just download the sql and try that myself. Thoughts? (on second glance, Handloading exists, and could be expanded or something. That would be suboptimal, however, since manufacturers aren't really handloaders, and they produce +P rounds as well. Avriette 19:50, July 13, 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm afraid I can't help much. I stumbled on that article comming from 'cleanup', I don't know the least thing about weapons, other from the more or less obvious and what I can derive from some physics knowledge.
 * On dangers: IMO the artcle (as any other in WP) should not be about how to make'em but about what they are. That would surely include a superficial description of the how to (it is done by adding/removing this and/or that...) but without too much detailed information. And there must be a BIG warning on the dangers, preferably with some data (x people die every year in the XXcountry because of accidents due to this...). Take a look at Nitroglycerin. It possibly goes too far on the info... but it has a warning. What do you think of its style?
 * Using Handloading might be a good placeholder, mostly if you think the article is bound to short "forever". If "Cartridge loading" sounds better to you... go ahead! I'll help hunting down the links to add, its one of my "time wasters" at WP anyway. "+P" is impossible due to technical limitations but a "plusP" redirect to "Cartridge loading" (or whartever) could be handy too. Nabla 17:24, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Suggested merge of Immortel(Ad Vitam) and La Foire aux immortels.
I wouldn't merge those 2 articles, it may look like the same content. But in fact it isn't, Immortals is indeed the movie version of a graphic novel. But the story is alter much, some parts are left out and in the movie the story takes place in New York and the book version takes place in Paris. I would rather prefer that the Immortals article makes this very clear(read a big article). Also I suppose that there are multiple examples to find on wikipedia where there is an article on a book and an article on the movie based on the book. And in this context the merge doesn't same to right to me. --Goanookie 11:21, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
 * I understand thay are different, as you said: a book and a movie. My point was, and still is, that both are short articles, so the movie article could be included into the book article. But go ahead and remove the tags, mostly if you feel that at least one of the articles has some growth potential. That's why I tagged them instead of merging myself, in the hope that someone who knows the subject made that decision.
 * And I'll try to explain my reasoning on talk pages more often... as a start I'll copy this to the movie article talk page. - Nabla 18:41:59, 2005-07-12 (UTC)

Somerset v Leicestershire 8-11 July 2005 - cleanup-importance tags
Hi, you put a little tag on an article that I just wrote, and I'd just like to explain why the article looks so out of context on its own. First of all, this is a descriptive account of a top-level cricket match in England - it's not stand-alone as such, it's part of a grand project on the 2005 English cricket season. The thing we're doing with these small articles is that we're including its contents (by a method known as "transclusion" - it's the method used to put templates into articles) in every article which has something to do with the match - in this case: Somerset County Cricket Club in 2005, Leicestershire County Cricket Club in 2005, Frizzell County Championship Division Two in 2005 and 2005 English cricket season (1-16 July). The trouble with starting to explain the significance of every single match in the match article is that the significance becomes very obvious from the context of the articles it is in, so it becomes tedious and unnecessary to read on the pages it's included in.

At the same time, I can see the problem of having an article like this in the main namespace where people can stumble upon it using Random page, but the article has to be in the main namespace so that Wikipedia mirrors can pick it up. It's a tricky issue and one which has debated many times before, and there's been a decision (by the editors, mainly) to leave the organisation debate until the end of the season, which is in September some time. So could you please remove the tag for the time being? Sam Vimes 18:45, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I was mostly aware of what you are saying as I did followed links, 'what links here', and categories. My point is: do individual matches belong here, in a encyclopedia? Even a virtually infinite one as WP? I know nothing about cricket, so I'll use football as an example... Do we want every match on every top level league in every country? That's about 300 matches per country per year! I dare not to say it is impossible, your work on cricket matches proves it isn't, and I can see that the articles are well written and with good layout. I only sincerely doubt the importance of having every single match in an encyclopedia. Anyway, I'll remove the tag for now, until I think it over better. Nabla 00:18, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Thamks. Btw, there has already been a vote for deletion on similar pages, and that ended up with an extremely weak keep (16 votes for keep out of 31). Personally, I agree that each match in itself has little encyclopedic importance, but I think that the merged recaps of each tournament do have some significance - and because of the current style of writing (which I'm not terribly fond of myself, but another editor likes it very much, as he invented it). I'm afraid I'll have to quote a cricket example again - Wisden Cricketer's Almanack, an annual reference book - contains match reports on the entire English season, along with statistics, and that sells rather well despite a high price. There might be a similar "yearbook" on Portuguese football. IMO WP should be as detailed in its sports coverage as it is in its Simpsons coverage, for example. We aren't paper, after all. Sam Vimes 07:15, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

 * (I think/hope) I understand. And I agree with you.
 * As a general concept I think WP should aim to an 'evenly spread coverage' (very loose definition in my mind so far...). But since its growth is biderectional, both 'bottom-up' and 'top-down', its quite hard to understand if some of the "bottom" material will end up having a good connection with the "top" one. As I said... I have not a clear idea. Yet.
 * WP should be as detailed in its sports coverage as it is in its Simpsons coverage, for example - Right. That's why I also tend to disagree on having articles on every Simpsons (or others) episode.
 * Well... let's let it rest for a while. It went to the bottom of my 'list of things I'll look up some day'. And that's a big list... Nabla 17:00, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

Lists Policy Proposal
Thanks for suggesting I send that policy I mentioned in the "List of songs with lists in the lyrics" VFD over to the WP:Lists talk page. I went ahead and did that. The Literate Engineer 12:59, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I had already noticed but thanks for reminding me. I'll say something there soon. - Nabla 17:32, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Obrigado
Thank you for stubbing my article on the War of the Oaken Bucket. Eu não posso escrever em Português! Take care, Horatii/Dbraceyrules 16:06, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * You're welcome! (Portuguese: De nada!) Nabla 17:50, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

Language tags
Você pode pôr isso na pagina do usuário. Okay that probably wasn't right... I've been trying to learn Portugues for a few months (I already speak Spanish, but I find Portuguese way harder). But you could put these language tags on your user page if you want to:

Eu não posso escrever em Português! Take care again, Horatii/Dbraceyrules 16:13, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

 * No problem. I was wondering whether I should use them or not. I guess they can be usefull so I will. (tags moved from here to the main page)
 * And yet another 'translation': Tudo bem. Eu andava a pensar se as deveria usar ou não. Julgo que podem ser úteis portanto vou usar. (etiquetas movidas daqui para a página principal). Nabla 17:50, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

The bible
Firstly let me say that I am sorry to have to bother you.

Secondly, I wish to let you know that a recent VFD that you took part in has closed. The result was that 32 people voted to keep all individual bible verses as seperate articles, and 34 voted that they shouldn't (2 abstensions, and 3 votes for both). This is considered by standard policy not to be a consensus decision (although the closing admin stated that it was a consensus to keep them).

Thirdly, the subject has now been put to a survey, so that it may remain open until there is a clear consensus for what appears to be a difficult issue to resolve. You may wish to take part in this survey, and record a similar vote to the one you made at the VFD there. The survey is available at Bible verses.

18:38, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * 1)No problem.
 * 2)That was an overwhelming majority vote not to delete the articles. That's all VfD is about isn't it? So from its point of view the decision was in fact to keep. Merged or not is another issue.
 * 3)Thanks for calling my attention to that. I'm giving it a though and I'll write there soon.
 * Nabla 15:08, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

Thank you!
Here's a WikiThanks. I think you deserve it. --εγώ-Talk Page 19:20, 12 August 2005 (UTC) 19:08, 12 August 2005 (UTC) 19:16, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow! I do?? I thank you! Nabla 22:28:22, 2005-08-09 (UTC)

Merge to of Ray Buttigieg/Cykx
Pertaining to [merge to] page of Ray Buttigieg/Cykx I was told to contact you. I need to contribute to the page and I feel that this page should stand on its own, the merge to was posted awhile ago and as of today I do not think it applies. Could you please check it out again and let me know what needs to be done so that I could proceed with my research work. Thank you very much and keep the good work.

Cheers. Tafal2525 (using 151.202.91.112, 2005-08-21 17:15:37)

 * Hi! Sorry for not having written down on Talk:Ray Buttigieg my reasoning for the merge suggestion. I'll do so right now, so please take a look there.
 * I changed the heading, added your IP and message date, I hope you don't mind that, its simply that I like my talk page to keep some (mine...) standard formating :-) Nabla 15:17:46, 2005-08-27 (UTC)

AFD Bot
AFD Bot is a change over from VFD Bot, to follow all the naming consistancy across the board. --AllyUnion (talk) 02:32, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * I understood so. (More on VfD talk from few days ago.) Nabla 14:03:38, 2005-09-08 (UTC)

TLAs
A proposal has been made at Requested moves to move TLAs from AAA to DZZ and other related pages to Wikipedia namespace. Please visit Talk:TLAs from AAA to DZZ for the related discussion. -- Francs2000 | Talk 00:33, 16 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I was just thinking about doing that proposal, following my Afd vote. Nabla 01:00, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

Atonic pupil after cataract surgery
Hi -- thanks for the heads-up on this. The article on the temp page also looked like a clear copyvio from the previously stated source, so since there's been no claim of permission or ownership I've deleted that too. Best wishes, --Ngb?!? 01:13, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Lists of songs
I am writing because you contributed to the discussion at Wikipedia talk:Centralized discussion/Lists of songs. I have made a policy proposal at User:Wahoofive/Lists of songs and would welcome your comments. —Wahoofive (talk) 03:43, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for your helpful suggestion regarding my request for comment. HistoryBA 01:48, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Congratulations
Congratulations, you're and admin! Please read the advice. The Uninvited Co., Inc. 17:48, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. And thanks for the advice. I've read it some time ago but it is indeed a good time to remember it. Nabla 19:24, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Congrats!    Dl yo ns 493   Ta lk   22:29, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Popups tool
Congratulations on being made an admin! I thought you might like to know of a javascript tool that may help in your editing by giving easy access to many admin features. It's described at. The quick version of the installation procedure for admins is to paste the following into User:/monobook.js: // User:Lupin/popups.js - please include this line

document.write(' ');

popupShortcutKeys=true; // optional: enable keyboard shortcuts popupAdminLinks=true;  // optional: enable admin links There are more options which you can fiddle with listed at. Give it a try and let me know if you find any glitches or have suggestions for improvements! Lupin|talk|popups 01:47, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for letting me know of that, I've never eared of it before! May be useful so I'll take a look at that... someday. For now I want to get used to the 'standard' software. Nabla 13:12, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Bassoon
Hi, I reverted a couple of your changes to Bassoon. The view detail link was added because people kept requesting a detailed image of the keywork, not realizing the one image is large enough to see all detail. The breaks are needed because the images are tall and on wide browsers they tend to spill across sections. I noticed the bassoon article on the Portuguese Wikipedia is blank, you might want to translate a little of the article, and move the images and media over. --Gmaxwell 19:21, 8 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I don't like both the 'view detail' link and the break tags as they are fixes that in the long run may do more harm than good. Anyway its a detail and I'll let go as is, after presenting my reasoning.
 * 'View detail': When a user click the image (s)he already gets a "Download high resolution version (2000x4575, 790 KB)". A quick link as yours may encourage lazy users to stay lazy and unskilled ones to stay unskilled. I think the worst is that is removes the file size message which will make users using a narrow-band connection download a large image (a 2 minute download using a 64Kbits dial-up) without warning.
 * 'Breaks': I'm not sure about this one, since I never really thought about it, but maybe images should not be allowed to span across sections. What do you think of that? I would say that if you agree that it should be a general feature than it is probably a bad idea to hide the undesirable effects of not having it.
 * 'Translating': Really? Not even a stub on pt:? That's a shame. Still if I start translating every good article here that is missing there... I'll have a work to last a lifetime :-) Not on my immediate goals but maybe one of these days I'll do that missing stub. Nabla 13:35, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Links to (disambiguation) pages
Hello, Nabla. This page is currently of AfD. No one there is sure about it's purpose. I saw that you have edited it many times and thought you might be able to tell us what it's for and if it is still useful. Thanks -- Kjkolb 08:16, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * OK. Nabla 20:17, 15 October 2005 (UTC)

Hillhead High School
Hi Nabla,

I was wondering if you put in Hillhead High School into Cleanup on the day that you put ; because if you did someone has removed it. But it's OK becuase I have added it back in again. - Kilo-Lima 12:57, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Articles For Deletion
Hi, a while ago you made some comments about the presence of bible-verse articles, and/or source texts of the bible, and you may therefore be interested in related new discussions:
 * A discussion about 200 articles, one each for the first 200 verses of Matthew - Centralized discussion/200 verses of Matthew
 * A discussion about 18 articles, one each for the first 18 verses of John 20 - Centralized discussion/Verses of John 20
 * A discussion about whether or not the entire text of a whole bible chapter should be contained in the 6 articles concerning those specific chapters - Centralized discussion/Whole bible chapter text.

--Victim of signature fascism | Don't forget to vote in the Wikipedia Arbitration Committee elections 18:13, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned Articles
Hi, I found you established subpages for this in July 2005. At the central page, it reads, that those lists date from June 2004. Please look at the entry that I made at User_talk:Erik_Zachte. --KaPe 17:09, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

Date links
Since you have taken an interest in links. Please be kind enough to vote for my new bot application to reduce overlinking of dates where they are not part of date preferences. bobblewik 20:30, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Image tags
Hi, I noticed some of your uploads show up as untagged on this tool. Looking closer it seems to be because the license template was substed on the image page. It's not rely a good idea to subst these tags, so it would be nice if you could go though them when you have the time and fix it up (not a huge problem with these old tags, the new one just plain break when you subst them though but at least it would weed out some false positives on the untagged image tool). Thanks. --Sherool (talk) 16:39, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Translation of Gutta ex Swedish & ex German
Hi - do you still want this done? I note that Gutta now appears in the English edition of Wikipedia and it looks OK - however, I shall probably edit it to include some pharmacological connotations. Best wishes Ballista 22:02, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

occult, not magic
this is an occult-stub, not magic-stub... magic in this context is Magic (illusion) User:Pedant 04:07, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

AFD discussion on a list of songs
You contributed to the discussion when this subject came up at Wikipedia talk:Centralized discussion/Lists of songs. Please contribute to the AFD discussion. Uncle G 15:24, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Not here
I was not her for a long time. So someone splashed this at the top, and very well done it was:

An interesting side effect was... that, given that I always kept occasionally looking here it kind of "helped" me to get back!

title: User talk:Nabla/Archive 1


text: Category:Cambodian cuisine

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Cambodian cuisine


text: Category:Austin County, Texas

title: Category:Austin County, Texas


text:
D-Body

D-Body can refer to:
 * 1957-1973 Imperial (automobile)
 * 1990-1998 Chrysler D platform

title: D-Body


text:
User talk:Filur

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Signature
Thank you for your vote on WP:IDRIVE. Your question about the signature: you can sign your vote with four tildes ~ this will look exactly like most other votes on the IDrive, just your name and date and time. You can also use the button above the edit window (second from the right) - this will produce two hyphens and your name and date and time. This version is commonly used to sign talk-page contributions, but you can also use it to sign your vote.--Fenice 06:48, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Many thanks! Filur 06:57, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Science collaboration of the week
You voted for Human genome to be improved while it was listed on WP:IDRIVE. This article is now nominated on Science collaboration of the week. Please consider supporting it with your vote. --Fenice 13:14, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

Outrageous overgeneralisation
You claimed some time back in the talk page for Technical analysis that it had been shown that there were no significant trends in the stock market except for the long term upward one. What source misled you into believing this extraordinary fiction? (A look at the fall in the NASDAQ or the NIKKEI by more than 75% in each case would make anyone rather bemused at such an outrageous viewpoint - anyone with common sense can see both of these markets were in a downtrend for some time). Elroch 00:59, 25 May 2006 (UTC)

Note: The exact claim that this refers to is "Once the long-term increasing trend has been accounted for, any trends that remain are so weak as to be negliciable in practice.". See my response on Elroch talk page. Filur 17:25, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Okay Capitalist or Keynesian? (Estoniankaiju (talk) 15:30, 21 May 2009 (UTC))

title: User talk:Filur


text:
The Dalek Invasion of Earth

The Dalek Invasion of Earth is the second serial of the second season in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. Written by Terry Nation and directed by Richard Martin, the serial was broadcast on BBC1 in six weekly parts from 21 November to 26 December 1964. In the serial, the First Doctor (William Hartnell), his granddaughter Susan Foreman (Carole Ann Ford), and teachers Ian Chesterton (William Russell) and Barbara Wright (Jacqueline Hill) discover that the Earth in the 22nd century has been occupied by Daleks. They work with a human resistance group to stop the Daleks from mining out the Earth's core as part of their plan to pilot the planet through space.

The serial was commissioned following the success of the Daleks from the titular serial of the first season. The serial also marks the final regular appearance of Ford as Susan, having been dissatisfied with the character's development. The writers had considered introducing Susan's replacement within The Dalek Invasion of Earth, but delays in contract renewals forced it to the following serial. The serial was the first major location shoot for Doctor Who, with production taking place at Trafalgar Square, Westminster Bridge, and the Royal Albert Hall. The serial premiered with 11.4 million viewers, maintaining strong viewers across the six weeks. Contemporary reactions were positive, with many praising the return of the Daleks. Retrospective reviews were also positive, with particular praise directed at the first episode's cliffhanger and Susan's emotional departure, though the direction and pacing has been criticised. The serial later received several print adaptations and home media releases.

Plot
After the TARDIS materialises, the First Doctor (William Hartnell), Susan Foreman (Carole Ann Ford), Ian Chesterton (William Russell), and Barbara Wright (Jacqueline Hill) surmise that they have landed in London, but find it in ruins. The Doctor and Ian stumble across an army of Robomen as a Dalek rises from the River Thames. The Daleks take the Doctor and Ian onboard their saucer. Resistance members explain that the Daleks invaded Earth in the aftermath of a meteorite bombardment ten years prior.

Barbara and Susan are taken by refugees to a nearby shelter in an abandoned Underground station, where they meet resistance members who are planning an assault on the Daleks. The resistance leader, paraplegic scientist Dortmun (Alan Judd), has created a bomb to destroy the Daleks' outer casings. Susan, Barbara, and the resistance team attack the Daleks using the bombs, but they are ineffective. David (Peter Fraser) rescues the Doctor with Susan while Barbara gets separated. Ian hides as the saucer leaves for the Dalek mining operations. There, he escapes the Slyther (Nick Evans), a pet of the Black Dalek. He eventually hides in the mine and becomes trapped in a capsule filled with explosives. The Doctor, Susan, and David arrive at the cliffs overlooking the mine; the Doctor sends David and Susan to interfere with the Daleks' radio signals, while he climbs into the mine.

Dortmun sacrifices himself so that Barbara and Jenny (Ann Davies) can escape. They repair an old truck and head for the mining operations, but are reported to the Daleks when seeking shelter and sent to work. They are later brought before the Black Dalek and discover that the Daleks are drilling through the Earth's crust to blow out its core, the intention being to replace the core with a device to pilot the planet like a spacecraft. The Daleks imprison Barbara and Jenny and set the explosive-filled capsule in position, but Ian jams the capsule half-way down the shaft. The Doctor frees Barbara and Jenny. With the radio signals damaged, Barbara and the Doctor order the Robomen to destroy the Daleks, and the human slaves rebel. The bomb destroys the Dalek fleet and causes a volcanic eruption in England.

Back in London, David begs Susan to stay and marry him. Susan agonises, declaring her love but admitting that she must leave. The Doctor locks the TARDIS doors and bids Susan an emotional farewell, telling her that she deserves a normal life with David. He promises to return one day, and sets the TARDIS in motion. Susan drops her TARDIS key and leaves with David.

Conception and writing
In March 1964, story editor David Whitaker formally commissioned Terry Nation to write a serial for Doctor Who's second season following the success of the Daleks from the titular serial of the first season, as well as Nation's quick and effective work on The Keys of Marinus. The commission was made under the title Doctor Who and the Daleks. Nation delivered the storyline for the serial in mid-April 1964 under the name The Return of the Daleks. The serial was retitled The Dalek Invasion of Earth by September; The Daleks in Europe appeared on some design material.

The Dalek models were refurbished for the serial, adding new eyestalks, a dish receptor, improved bases for movement, and a new pedal mechanism. The serial's score was composed by Francis Chagrin. Around 18 minutes of incidental music for the first three episodes was recorded on 10 September 1964 at Maida Vale Studios, and 12 minutes for the final three episodes was recorded by five musicians on 8 October. Chagrin had conceived the music from the serial's final scene some time before production and was "dying to use it".

Casting and characters

On 12 March 1964, trade paper Television Today announced that Carole Ann Ford would depart from her role as Susan at the end of her contract, due to her dissatisfaction with the character's development. Whitaker wanted a strong reason for Susan's departure. To assist the story's development, Ford and Hartnell were invited to stay with Nation and his wife over a weekend in August. In June 1964, head of serials Donald Wilson considered continuing the show without the character of Barbara, and with a younger actress for Susan. Delays by Controller of Programmes Donald Baverstock to renew cast contracts meant that Susan's replacement, then intended to be Jenny (originally known as Saida), could not be introduced in the serial. Director Richard Martin asked Ann Davies, who was cast as Jenny, if she would be available as a regular cast member, but he could not offer the role.

The Dalek Invasion of Earth was the first speaking role of Nicholas Smith, who portrayed Wells. When Smith discovered he was only starring in one episode, he approached Martin; Martin asked him to return in a later episode to lead the human rebellion. Jean Conroy, who played one of the women in the woods in the fifth episode, died in a street accident on 14 November; the episode was broadcast posthumously.

Filming
The Dalek Invasion of Earth was the first major location shoot for Doctor Who. Filming in 35mm began at Trafalgar Square at around 5:30 a.m. on 23 August 1964, consisting of shots of a deserted city. The design team added Dalek markings on landmarks such as Nelson's Column, which police requested they remove. On the same day, filming took place at the statue of the Duke of Cambridge in Whitehall, Westminster Bridge, and the Royal Albert Hall. Martin had an agreement with police to vacate parts of central London for filming. Production resumed two days later on 25 August at the closed Wood Lane tube station. On 27 August, filming took place at Hammersmith Bridge. The location was chosen as it provided easy access to a hospital in case any performers swallowed river water; a taxi remained on standby. Dalek operator Robert Jewell could not gain enough traction to move his Dalek out of the river; the prop was attached to a cable to help. Doctor Who's first filming in a quarry took place on 28 August at Stone, Kent. Peter Hawkins and David Graham recorded Dalek voiceovers on 16 September.

Rehearsals for the first episode began on 14 September in White City, and weekly studio recording began on 18 September in Studio 1 at Riverside Studios. Though smaller overall than Lime Grove Studios, the complex used for previous serials, Riverside offered well-equipped and larger individual studios. During camera rehearsals for the third episode on 2 October, Hartnell injured his back when a prop ramp malfunctioned; when Martin apologised for the incident, Hartnell assured that he would be fine, but producer Verity Lambert insisted that he take several days to rest. Following discussions between Hartnell's solicitors and the BBC's, the BBC denied liability and paid for an X-ray. Hartnell was given a week off to recover, and the fourth episode underwent minor rewrites; Edmund Warwick doubled for Hartnell as The Doctor in the episode. The final episode was recorded on 23 October, marking a year of production since the filming of the show's first serial; recording was delayed by half an hour due to some technical facilities being used by coverage of the 1964 Summer Olympics. The production crew anticipated the final episode to be one of the most technically complex. The recording suffered some camera and sound issues, causing Hartnell to stumble some speeches. Hartnell omitted two lines from the Doctor's closing speech to Susan. Ford recorded footage of the cast between camera rehearsals on her personal 8 mm film camera.

Broadcast and ratings
The Dalek Invasion of Earth was successful among viewers, with an additional four million viewers over the previous serial: the first episode received 11.4 million viewers, which rose to 12.4 the following week. The third and fourth episodes received 11.9 million, which dropped to 11.4 for the fifth episode, and rose again to 12.4 for the final. The first episode was the highest-rated BBC programme for northern England, and the third episode was the highest-rated for Wales and western England. The fifth episode was ranked 18th in the national ratings for the week, tied with ITV's Thank Your Lucky Stars. The Appreciation Index was highest for the first episode at 63, dropping to 59 for the second, third, and fourth episodes, and to 58 for the fifth, before rising to 60 for the final. The serial was shown at the Longleat 20th Anniversary Celebration on 3 April 1983, and the first episode was screened at the National Film Theatre on 29 October 1983. All six episodes were screened at the theatre on 5 January 1999.

Critical response

At the BBC Programme Review Board after the broadcast of the first episode in November 1964, director of television Kenneth Adam called it "interesting". The Audience Research Report was higher than usual, with praise for the production and atmosphere; the primary complaint was the lack of Daleks, and some viewers felt it was too gruesome for children. The Review Board described the third episode as "outstanding". The following week, executives of the Board felt that the show's quality was consistently high. Adam indicated that Director-General Hugh Greene was eager to see the Daleks return in future stories. T. C. Worsley of the Financial Times praised the serial for creating a universal image for the Daleks. On 27 May 1965, critic Frederick Laws wrote that he had banned his children from watching Doctor Who due to the ending of the serial's first episode.

Retrospective reviews of the serial were generally positive. In The Discontinuity Guide (1995), Paul Cornell, Martin Day, and Keith Topping praised the exterior sequences of the Daleks, though noted the less impressive production of the Slyther. In The Television Companion (1998), David J. Howe and Stephen James Walker described the serial as "one of the series' all-time greats", with impressive scripting and location filming despite some clumsy direction; they also praised the "poignant and moving" final scene. In A Critical History of Doctor Who (1999), John Kenneth Muir found the serial to be one of Doctor Who darkest, and praised the location shooting and the characterisation of Susan, though noted some sexism in the Doctor's final remarks and criticised some "positively amateurish" special effects.

In 2008, Mark Braxton of Radio Times praised the supporting cast, location filming, and emotional ending, but noted the continuity errors concerning the Daleks and the production shortcomings as a result of the serial's ambition. In a 2011 review, The A.V. Club's Christopher Bahn criticised the serial's slow pacing and the uninteresting concept of the Robomen, and noted that Susan's departure lacked dramatic impact because the Doctor chose for her; however, he praised the first episode and its cliffhanger, and the characterisation of the Doctor. In 2010, Charlie Jane Anders of io9 listed the first episode's cliffhanger as one of the greatest in the show's history. The Dalek Invasion of Earth was voted the best First Doctor story by Doctor Who Magazine readers in 2020; writer Nick Setchfield cited the atmosphere, character, and narrative as its greatest elements, and the first episode's cliffhanger and Susan's departure among its best moments.

Commercial releases
Terrance Dicks used the camera scripts to adapt a novelisation of the serial, Doctor Who and the Dalek Invasion of Earth, published in March 1977 by Target Books as a paperback and Allan Wingate in hardback. The cover, designed by Chris Achilleos, was based on the film adaptation. The paperback was reissued with a blue variant of the Doctor Who logo in 1980. The novelisation was included in Doctor Who: Dalek Omnibus, published in hardback by W. H. Allen. It was also published as one of the first Doctor Who Classics by Star Books in August 1988. Target reissued the novel in 1990 with Alister Pearson's artwork from the video release. The book was also published internationally: in Germany as Doctor Who: Kampf um die Erde and Doctor Who und das Komplott der Daleks, and in France as Doctor Who: Les Daleks Envahissent la Terre. An audio version of the novelisation was published by BBC Audiobooks in November 2009, read by William Russell with Dalek voices by Nicholas Briggs. It was included in AudioGO's Doctor Who – Invasion Earth! collection in October 2012.

The serial was released as a double-tape pack by BBC Video in May 1990. It was released on DVD in June 2003, with special features including audio commentary, documentaries, and Ford's footage from the final day of recording. A collectors' edition box set, limited to 5,000 copies, was released at WHSmith in October 2005. The serial was included in The Dalek Collection box set, released by BBC Worldwide on Amazon in January 2007. It was also released in issue 95 of Doctor Who DVD Files in August 2012. The serial was released on Blu-ray on 5 December 2022, alongside the rest of the show's second season as part of The Collection.

Film adaptation
In 1966, the serial was adapted as a film, Daleks' Invasion Earth 2150 A.D., directed by Gordon Flemyng and written by Milton Subotsky and David Whitaker. The film stars Peter Cushing as Dr. Who and Roberta Tovey as Susan, with the roles of Ian Chesterton and Barbara Wright being replaced by the new characters Tom Campbell (Bernard Cribbins) and Louise (Jill Curzon).

title: The Dalek Invasion of Earth


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User talk:Lord mengchang

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Hi, Lord mengchang. Yeah, it's nice to meet another Jin Yong fan. And no prob about the Wang Chongyang article. I didn't do anything actually, just made a few snips here and there. Ciao! :) Jute 00:20, May 26, 2005 (UTC)

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User talk:Poison kitty

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C-Body

C-Body may refer to:

 * Chrysler C platform, rear wheel drive full-size cars
 * GM C platform (1925), full-size rear-wheel-drive upscale and luxury cars
 * General Motors C platform (1985), full-size front-wheel-drive upscale and luxury cars

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text: Category:Bailey County, Texas

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Twin Falls

Twin Falls can refer to:

Cities and counties

 * Twin Falls, Idaho
 * Twin Falls County, Idaho

Waterfalls

 * In Australia
 * Twin Falls (Northern Territory), a waterfall in the Kakadu National Park in the Northern Territory

 * In Canada
 * Twin Falls (British Columbia), a waterfall in Yoho National Park, British Columbia
 * Twin Falls (Labrador), a waterfall and hydroelectric generating station in Labrador

 * In the Philippines
 * Twin Falls (Camarines Sur), a waterfall named Itbog Falls located in Buhi, Camarines Sur

 * In the United States
 * Twin Falls (Idaho), a waterfall in Idaho, the namesake of the city of Twin Falls
 * Twin Falls (Montana), a waterfall in the Glacier National Park
 * Twin Falls (Oregon), a waterfall in the Silver Falls State Park.
 * Twin Falls (South Carolina), a waterfall near Pickens
 * Twin Falls (Washington), a waterfall near North Bend in Washington state
 * Twin Falls (Hawaii), a waterfall in Maui, Hawaii

In music

 * Twin Falls (band), an indie electronic folk band from Somerset, England
 * "Twin Falls", a song from the 1994 album There's Nothing Wrong with Love by Built to Spill
 * "Twin Falls", a live cover released by Ben Folds Five on their 1998 album Naked Baby Photos

Other

 * USNS Twin Falls (T-AGM-11), a missile range instrumentation ship
 * Twin Falls Resort State Park, Saulsville, West Virginia

title: Twin Falls


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Charles Rothschild

Hon. Nathaniel Charles Rothschild (9 May 1877 – 12 October 1923) was an English banker and entomologist and a member of the Rothschild family. He is remembered for The Rothschild List, a list he made in 1915 of 284 sites across Britain that he considered suitable for nature reserves.

Family

Nathaniel Charles Rothschild was born in London into the Rothschild family, a prominent Jewish family of bankers. His parents, Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, and Emma Rothschild (née von Rothschild), were cousins. Charles predeceased his older brother Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild (1868–1937), who died without issue. The peerage therefore passed to Charles's son Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild. Charles boarded at Harrow School, which he found somewhat traumatising for incidents of bullying on account of his religion.

He worked as a partner in the family bank NM Rothschild and Sons in London. He went to Rothschild's Bank every morning; despite all his interest in science and in natural history, he never missed a day. He was also very interested in the gold refinery operated by Rothschild's, and invented a variety of devices for collecting gold, and working on gold from a scientific point of view. He also became Chairman of the Alliance Assurance Company.

Entomology
Like his zoologist brother Walter, Charles devoted much of his energies to entomology and natural history collecting. His enormous collection of some 260,000 fleas is now in the Rothschild Collection at the Natural History Museum; he described about 500 new flea species. One of these, which he discovered and named, was the Bubonic plague vector flea, Xenopsylla cheopis, also known as the oriental rat flea, which he collected at Shendi, Sudan, on an expedition in 1901, publishing his finding in 1903.

Nature conservation
Rothschild is regarded as a pioneer of nature conservation in Britain, and is credited with establishing the UK's first nature reserve when he bought Wicken Fen, near Ely, in 1899. Wicken Fen was presented to the National Trust but the Trust declined to take Woodwalton Fen, near Huntingdon, which Rothschild bought in 1910, and this wetland, now a National Nature Reserve, was kept as a private nature reserve. In 1911 Rothschild built a bungalow at Woodwalton Fen as a base for fields trips, which still stands. During his lifetime he built and managed his estate at Ashton Wold in Northamptonshire to maximise its suitability for wildlife, especially butterflies. He was concerned about the loss of wildlife habitats, and in 1912 set up the Society for the Promotion of Nature Reserves, the forerunner of The Wildlife Trusts partnership. In 1915 he produced "The Rothschild List", a schedule of the best 284 wildlife sites in the country, some of which were purchased as nature reserves.

Public service
As well as a Lieutenant of the City of London, Rothschild became a JP for the county of Northamptonshire in 1902. He served as High Sheriff of Northamptonshire for 1905.

Personal life
In 1907, Rothschild married Rózsika Edle von Wertheimstein (1870–1940), a descendant of an old Austrian-Jewish family that was ennobled long before the Rothschilds. She was born in 1870 at Nagyvárad, Hungary (now the Romanian city of Oradea), the daughter of a retired army officer, Baron Alfred Edler von Wertheimstein. Alfred's sister Charlotte was married to. Rózsika was one of seven children and had been a champion lawn tennis player in Hungary.

After their marriage on 6 February 1907, they lived at Tring and in London. Rothschild, who worked in the family's banking business, was a dedicated naturalist in his spare time: the young couple had met on a butterfly-collecting trip in the Carpathian Mountains. In the evening, they might go together to a concert or a dinner party, but he really preferred to sort out his butterflies. Together, they had four children:

 * Miriam Louisa Rothschild (1908–2005), a zoologist
 * Elizabeth Charlotte Rothschild (1909–1988), known as "Liberty"
 * Nathaniel Mayer Victor Rothschild (1910–1990), known as "Victor", 3rd Baron Rothschild.
 * Kathleen Annie Pannonica Rothschild (1913–1988), known as "Nica", a bebop jazz enthusiast and patroness of Thelonious Monk and Charlie Parker

Suffering from encephalitis, in 1923 Rothschild died by suicide. He was found with his throat slit, locked alone inside his bathroom at his home at Ashton Wold, Northamptonshire. His suicide, when he was 46 years old, was a severe shock to his wife and four children. Rózsika died on 30 June 1940.

title: Charles Rothschild


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Long Vacation

Long Vacation (ロングバケーション, also known as ロンバケ ) is a Japanese television drama series from Fuji Television, first shown in Japan from 15 April to 24 June 1996.

The show's high ratings in Japan made Takuya Kimura popular in the Asia-Pacific region and is known as "The King of Ratings". It also made Tomoko Yamaguchi a known actress in Japan.

The characters in the series have something in common: if not jobless, they can do no better than secure a temporary job. This is a portrayal of a time when Japan was plagued by deep recession, when its people suffered profound depression from constant failure to earn a stable income. The series also portrays how relationships are made and broken, and explores how people come to depend on each other for solace.

Plot
Minami and Sena meet when Sena's apartment-mate, Asakura, jilts Minami on their wedding day. Minami learns from Sena that Asakura has left, whereabouts unknown. Sena allows Minami to move into the apartment, since she is penniless, having given all her money to Asakura, and cannot pay the rent on her apartment.

This is the beginning of a romance between Sena and Minami. Minami and Sena confide in and console each other about their relationship problems and their lack of success in life. Sena has a crush on his junior, Ryoko. However, Ryoko does not feel the same, instead, she falls for Minami's little brother Shinji.

Minami meets a professional photographer, Sugisaki, who proposes marriage. Although Sugisaki fits Minami's ideal, she feels unsure about her feeling. Meanwhile, Sena has a chance of winning a piano competition and going to Boston, joining the symphony orchestra. After he wins the contest, he proposes Minami to marry and go with him to Boston.

Cast

 * Takuya Kimura as Sena Hidetoshi (瀬名秀俊)
 * Tomoko Yamaguchi as Hayama Minami (葉山南)
 * Yutaka Takenouchi as Hayama Shinji (葉山真二)
 * Takako Matsu as Okusawa Ryoko (奥沢涼子)
 * Izumi Inamori as Koishikawa Momoko (小石川桃子)
 * Ryō as Himuro Rumiko (氷室ルミ子)
 * Leo Morimoto as Professor Sasaki (佐々木教授)
 * Ryōko Hirosue as Saito Takako (斉藤貴子)
 * Kosuke Toyohara as Sugisaki Tetsuya (杉崎哲也)

Production
The theme song was La La La Love Song by Toshinobu Kubota.

Media
Long Vacation was released on DVD in Japan on 21 November 2001. At the time it was released, it had a limited edition booklet released alongside the first 5,000 DVD copies.

Novel
A novelization of Long Vacation was written by Eriko Kitagawa.

Broadcast
It was formerly broadcast in Hong Kong. In the US, it was formerly aired via KTSF TV with English subtitles.

On 22 July 2020, Viu announced that they have acquired the streaming rights to broadcast Long Vacation to Southeast Asia with regional subtitles alongside Love Generation, A Sleeping Forest, The Ordinary People, Hundred Million Stars From The Sky and the Hero series.

Reception
When the series debuted in Japan, it was so popular with the female audience that the expression The Office Lady disappears on Monday from the city (月曜日はOLが街から消える) was used to highlight its fanbase. This was because the series was broadcast on Monday evenings. The episodes had an average rating of 29.5% of viewers, with the final episode reaching 36.7%. According to a research study conducted by NHK in 2009, the bulk of viewers were those who were teenagers (13 or older), at 40% of viewers, the second group were from those in their twenties at 34%.

The series was popular with viewers in Hong Kong thanks to pirated VCD copies sold there before the show was legally broadcast.

On 11 November 2019, Fuji TV announced that photos and props from the show were on display at Fuji TV's Headquarters in Odaiba to highlight the most popular dramas viewed through the Heisei Era in an exhibit until January 2020.

According to Television, Japan and Globalization, the themes of finding happiness are embodied through Minami when she mentions of her right to seek happiness by herself instead of getting married. This view is centered on people's lives when they look for existential meaning.

title: Long Vacation


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Nomination of Clementi Primary School for deletion
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Yahoo! Japan

'''Yahoo! Japan (ヤフー)''' is a Japanese web portal. It was the most-visited website in Japan, nearing monopolistic status.

According to The Japan Times, as of 2012, Yahoo! Japan had a footprint on the internet market in Japan. In terms of use as a search engine, however, it has never surpassed Google. The company is the second largest search engine used in Japan as of July 2021, with a market share of 19% behind Google's 77%.

The Yahoo! Japan search engine was a directory-type search engine, similar to Yahoo! in the United States. A crawler-type search engine was used as well, and as the popularity of the crawler-type search engine gradually increased, after October 3, 2005, Yahoo! Japan began utilizing only the crawler-type engine. On June 29, 2017, Yahoo! Japan announced that the directory-based search engine "Yahoo! Category", which had been in operation since its establishment, would be abolished on March 29, 2018.

As a crawler-type search engine, Yahoo! Japan initially used technology from the Japanese company Goo, which used Google's technology. The company later switched to using Yahoo Search Technology (YST), developed by Yahoo! in the US. In addition to serving as a standard search engine, Yahoo! Japan partnered with Twitter to provide real-time search for tweets. It also receives data feeds from partner companies; Cookpad and Naver information is displayed in search results. Yahoo! Search Custom Search was discontinued on March 31, 2019.

History
Yahoo! and SoftBank formed Yahoo! Japan in January 1996 to establish the first web portal in Japan. Yahoo! Japan went live on April 1, 1996. Yahoo! Japan was listed on JASDAQ in November 1997. In January 2000, it became the first stock in Japanese history to trade for more than ¥100 million per share. The company was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in October 2003 and became part of the Nikkei 225 stock market index in 2005.

Yahoo! Japan acquired the naming rights for the Fukuoka Dome in 2005, renaming the dome as the "Fukuoka Yahoo! Japan Dome". The "Yahoo Dome" is the home field for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks, a professional baseball team majority owned by SoftBank.

Since 2010, Yahoo! Japan's search engine has been based on Google's search technology. In exchange, Google receives user activity data from Yahoo! Japan's various products.

In 2017, Verizon Communications purchased the core internet business of United States-based Yahoo!, and merged it with AOL into Oath, Inc.; Yahoo! Japan was not affected.

Yahoo Japan's services are not available in the European Economic Area and the UK since 6 April 2022, due to "excessive regulatory burden".

Yahoo Japan, whose partnership with Google on search engine technology is set to expire in 2025, is considering switching to South Korean company Naver's search engine technology.

Design
Yahoo! Japan continues to use a site design similar to the one used prior to 2007 internationally and the international Yahoo logo used before 2013, colored red.

Services
Yahoo! Japan currently offers various web-based services and apps for its customers, including the following:
 * Ymobile: Ymobile Corporation (ワイモバイル株式会社), stylized Y!mobile, is a subsidiary of Japanese telecommunications company SoftBank Group Corporation that provides mobile telecommunications and ADSL services. The current CEO of the company is Ken Miyauchi. It was formed in 2014 through the merger of Willcom and eAccess, and uses the Y! moniker brand from Yahoo! Japan, which is partly-owned by SoftBank.
 * Yahoo! Japan Mail: maintains the classic look of Yahoo! Mail, but remains a separate service operated in Japan. Another notable change is the 10 GB storage limit, in contrast to Yahoo! Mail's 1 TB of storage and its former unlimited-storage offering.
 * Yahoo! Japan Auctions (ヤフオク！): Japan's largest Internet auction service. Previously known as Yahoo! Auction and Yafuoku.
 * Yahoo! Japan T-Point: A rewards program that allows users to earn and redeem points for goods or cash.
 * Yahoo! Premium: A paid service allowing users to obtain certain benefits, including the ability to bid on certain auction listings, and various premium features with Yahoo! Wallet (which can be used in conjunction with Japan Net Bank, Mitsubishi UFJ Bank, and Rakuten Bank) and Yahoo! points.

Other Yahoo! Japan services include or have included Yahoo! Japan Bookstore, Yahoo! Japan News, Yahoo! Japan GeoCities (discontinued in March 2019), Yahoo! Japan Toto (a sports lottery site), Yahoo! Japan GyaO (a video on-demand service, discontinued in March 2023), Yahoo! Shopping, Yahoo! Travel, Yahoo! Roko (a mapping and review service), Yahoo! Box (a cloud storage service), Yahoo! Mobage (a social networking service), Yahoo! Wisdom Bag (similar to Yahoo! Answers), and Yahoo! Browser (an androidbased web browser).

From April 6, 2022, the home page blocked users from the EEA and the UK, apparently due to General Data Protection Regulation. Some subsidiary services such as Yahoo! JAPAN Mail remained functional, although limited.

title: Yahoo! Japan


text:
A113

A113 and its variants are an inside joke and Easter egg in media developed by alumni of California Institute of the Arts, referring to the classroom used by graphic design and character animation students.

History
Students who have used the classroom include John Lasseter, Tim Burton, Michael Peraza, and Brad Bird. It has appeared in several Disney films and almost every Pixar movie.

Brad Bird first used it for a license plate number in the "Family Dog" episode of Amazing Stories: "I put it into every single one of my films, including my Simpsons episodes—it's sort of my version of caricaturist Al Hirschfeld's 'Nina'." It also appears in South Park, Aqua Teen Hunger Force, Family Guy, American Dad!, Doctor Who and the SPA Studios animated film Klaus (2019). The first Disney movie Bird used it in was The Brave Little Toaster (1987), in which he worked on as an animator. It can be seen as The Master's apartment address when Toaster and his friends knock on the door. It also appears in Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol on an agent's poison ring and in the script when Ethan Hunt requests evac at rendezvous point Alpha 113.

Another reference is in The Truman Show when all the cameras on Truman's set are shown and one is labeled A113 but it is not confirmed whether it is a real reference or just a coincidence.

The series finale of the children's show, Arthur, features a door labeled "A-113."

title: A113


text:
Jason Gardener

Jason Carl Gardener, (born 18 September 1975) is a retired British sprint athlete. A fast starter from the blocks, he won an Olympic gold medal leading off Great Britain in the 4 x 100 metres relay at the 2004 Olympic Games, and is also the 2004 World Indoor Champion, and a four-time European Indoor champion, at 60 metres.

Athletics career
Gardener was born in Bath, Somerset to a Jamaican father and British mother, and started his career at the World Junior Championships in 1994, where he was placed second in the individual 100 m and bettered this to take his first gold medal as part of the 4 × 100 m relay team.

Joining the senior ranks, and coached by Malcolm Arnold for his entire career, Gardener took another silver in the 60 m, at the European Indoor Championships of 1998. He was not chosen for the relay team, which took gold.

In 1999 he took bronze at the World indoors in the 60 m, breaking the British record. and later that year saw him run 9.98 s breaking the 10 second barrier for the first time in the 100 m. He was also part of the national record breaking 4 × 100 m relay team along with Darren Campbell, Marlon Devonish, and Dwain Chambers that they set in Seville, Spain running 37.73 seconds.

2000 saw Gardener go one better in the European indoor 60 m taking gold as well as breaking the national 50 m record with a time of 5.61 s. Unfortunately he became injured during the summer and although making it to Sydney for the Olympics he did not progress through the early rounds.

He retained his European indoor title in 2002 as well as a 4 x 100 m Commonwealth Games gold medal.

2003 saw another World indoors bronze despite being hampered by a hamstring injury but the following year he bettered this to take the gold, his first world individual title ahead of the fancied Shawn Crawford of the US.

Gardener made the squad for the 2004 Summer Olympics where he competed in the 100 m and won the gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay with Darren Campbell, Marlon Devonish and Mark Lewis-Francis in a 38.07 s, their season's best and a narrow upset win over the United States.

In March 2007, Gardener won his fourth European Indoor 60 m gold after fears that he may have to miss defending his title as his wife, Nancy, was due to give birth.

Gardener's last professional race was a 4 x 100 m relay at the London Grand Prix at Crystal Palace on 3 August 2007. His team failed to finish this race.

On 17 October 2013, it was announced that Gardener would take part in the 100m Sprint for Faith organised by the Pontifical Council for Culture and the Italian Sports Centre, as part of the Catholic Church's Year of Faith.

In 2017 he became a Honorary Doctor of Laws at the University of Bath.

Statistics

 * Updated 9 September 2008

Personal bests

 * All information from IAAF Profile

Major achievements

 * 1994
 * World Junior Championships – Lisbon, Portugal.
 * 100 m silver medal
 * 4 × 100 m relay gold medal
 * 1995
 * European Cup – Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
 * 4 × 100 m relay gold medal
 * 1997
 * European Cup – Munich, Germany.
 * 4 × 100 m relay bronze medal
 * 1998
 * European Indoor Championships – Valencia, Spain.
 * 60 m silver medal
 * 1999
 * World Indoor Championships – Maebashi, Japan.
 * 60 m bronze medal
 * European Cup – Paris, France.
 * 4 × 100 m relay bronze medal
 * ran 100 m personal best of 9.98 seconds in Lausanne, Switzerland.
 * 2000
 * European Indoor Championships – Ghent, Belgium.
 * 60 m gold medal
 * 2002
 * European Indoor Championships – Vienna, Austria.
 * 60 m gold medal
 * Commonwealth Games – Manchester, England
 * 4 × 100 m gold medal
 * 2003
 * World Indoor Championships – Birmingham, England.
 * 60 m bronze medal
 * 2004
 * World Indoor Championships – Budapest, Hungary.
 * 60 m gold medal
 * Summer Olympics – Athens, Greece.
 * 4 × 100 m gold medal
 * 2005
 * World Championships – Helsinki, Finland.
 * 4 × 100 m bronze medal
 * 2007
 * European Indoor Championships – Birmingham, England.
 * 60 m gold medal

Gardener has also won four senior national titles indoors and two outdoors.

Bobsleigh
In 2008 Jason took part in a project to qualify four athletes from diverse sports in the British 2 Man Bobsleigh Championships, after just two weeks of training. Along with World Champion track cyclist Craig MacLean, Rugby World Cup winner Dan Luger and Commonwealth Decathlon champion Dean Macey, he attempted to complete two runs down the course at Cesana Pariol in Italy (site of the 2006 Winter Olympics) to gain qualification to the finals. Selected as pusher for driver Macey, he succeeded in finishing in sixth place overall, as well as being the highest placed novice pair. The story was filmed for the BBC and broadcast in February 2009. Jason declined an offer to try and qualify for the next Winter Olympics in 2010.

Education
Gardner was educated at Moorlands Primary School, Beechen Cliff School and the City of Bath College. He later graduated from Bath Spa University.

title: Jason Gardener


text:
Port Hamilton

Komundo or Port Hamilton, officially Geomun-do, is a small group of islands in the Jeju Strait off the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula, located approximately at 34.02639°N, 127.3125°W. The islands are 12 km2. There are three principal islands, the two larger ones, Sodo to the west (Seo-do, 서도, 西島) and Sunhodo to the east (Dong-do, 동도, 東島) forming a harbor with the smaller island in the center. On this central island, Observatory Island (or Go-do, 고도, 古島), there was a British naval base from 1885 to 1887.

Today, the islands form a part of Samsan-myeon, Yeosu City, South Jeolla Province of South Korea, with the Samsan township offices located on Observation Island. The islands are also part of the Dadohaehaesang National Park.

History
Port Hamilton was surveyed in 1845 by British naval officer Sir Edward Belcher in HMS Samarang and was named after the then secretary of the Admiralty, Captain W. A. B. Hamilton. The spacious harbour was also noted for its strategic importance by others, such as Russian Vice-Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin, who visited the islands several times and obtained permission from natives in 1857 to establish a coal depot, though due to delays in the delivery of the coal, the plan was abandoned.

Although the United States Secretary of the Navy "in 1884 urged the establishment of a naval station at Port Hamilton, off the southern Korean coast, and although it appears that such facilities were offered by the Korean government, nothing was done."

In April 1885, Port Hamilton was occupied by three ships of the British Royal Navy on orders from the Admiralty in what is known as the Port Hamilton Incident. This was to forestall Russian advances in the face of the Panjdeh Incident in Afghanistan. Port Hamilton served as a counterbalance to the Russian naval base at Vladivostok. By occupying Port Hamilton, the British could prevent Russian advances in east Asia, and block Russian naval activity in the Korea Strait. The British built a few buildings and defensive works and introduced pheasants to the islands. Permission was obtained from China for a cable to be landed at Saddle Island (at the mouth of the Yangtze River). From there, the cable could be connected to the main telegraphic network at Shanghai, thus enabling telegraph communication with Port Hamilton.

After the Russian threat had diminished the British demolished the base and left on 27 February 1887, though they continued to frequent the islands, in one case burying a young sailor there. The visits were less frequent after 1910, when the Japanese Empire annexed Korea.

Until the end of World War II, a Japanese graveyard stood in Port Hamilton. When Japanese claims to the islands were specifically renounced in the Treaty of San Francisco, the Japanese graves were removed, but the British graveyard of ten British soldiers remains up to this day and has become a tourist attraction. Personnel of the British embassy have visited on occasion to pay their respects. The British Ambassador visited most recently in May 2021.

Ten British sailors and marines are buried on the islands including two sailors from HMS Albatross who were killed in March 1886 when their gun exploded, and a young sailor, Alex Wood from HMS Albion, who died in 1903.

title: Port Hamilton


text:
Miriam Rothschild

Dame Miriam Louisa Rothschild (5 August 1908 – 20 January 2005) was a British natural scientist and author with contributions to zoology, entomology, and botany.

Early life
Miriam Rothschild was born in 1908 in Ashton Wold, near Oundle in Northamptonshire, the daughter of Charles Rothschild of the Rothschild banking family of England of Jewish bankers and Rózsika Edle Rothschild (née von Wertheimstein), a Hungarian sportswoman, of Austrian-Jewish descent. Her brother was Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild and one of her sisters (Kathleen Annie) Pannonica Rothschild (Baroness Nica de Koenigswarter) would later be a bebop jazz enthusiast and patroness of Thelonious Monk and Charlie Parker.

Her father had described about 500 new species of flea, and her uncle Lionel Walter Rothschild had built a private natural history museum at Tring. By the age of four she had started collecting ladybird beetles and caterpillars and taking a tame quail to bed with her. World War I broke on the eve of Miriam's sixth birthday in 1914, while the Rothschilds were holidaying in Austro-Hungary. They hurried home on the first westward train but, unable to pay, had to borrow money from a Hungarian passenger who commented "This is the proudest moment of my life. Never did I think that I should be asked to lend money to a Rothschild!" Her father took his own life when she was 15, after which she became closer to her uncle. She was educated at home until the age of 17, when she demanded to go to school. She thence attended evening classes in zoology at Chelsea College of Science and Technology and classes during the day in literature at Bedford College, London.

Personal life
During World War II, Rothschild was recruited to work at Bletchley Park on codebreaking with Alan Turing and was awarded a Defence Medal by the British government for her efforts. Additionally, she pressed the UK Government to admit more German Jews as refugees from Nazi Germany. She arranged housing for 49 Jewish children, some of whom stayed at her home at Ashton Wold. The estate also served as a hospital for wounded military personnel, including her future husband, Captain George Lane. Lane, a Hungarian-born British soldier, had changed his name from Lanyi in case of enemy capture. They had six children, four biological: Mary Rozsiska (1945–2010), Charles Daniel (born 1948), Charlotte Teresa (born 1951) and Johanna Miriam (born 1951); and two adopted. The marriage was dissolved in 1957 but the pair remained on good terms.

Rothschild was a vegetarian and had a close connection to her pets and wild animals that she befriended. Rothschild supported many social causes including animal welfare, free milk for children in schools, and gay rights by contributing to the Wolfenden Report which resulted in decriminalising "homosexual behaviour between consenting adults in private".

Research
During the 1930s Rothschild made a name for herself at the Marine Biological Station in Plymouth, studying the mollusc Nucula and its trematode parasites (Rothschild 1936, 1938a, 1938b).

Rothschild was a leading authority on fleas. She was the first person to work out the flea's jumping mechanism. She also studied the flea's reproductive cycle and linked this, in rabbits, to the hormonal changes within the host. Her New Naturalist book on parasitism (Fleas, Flukes and Cuckoos) was a huge success. Its title can be explained as: external parasites (e.g. fleas), internal parasites (e.g. flukes) and others (the cuckoo is a 'brood parasite'). Along with Professor G. Harris, Rothschild determined that myxomatosis, a virus affecting tapeti and brush rabbits, was spread by fleas, not mosquitoes as previously understood. The Rothschild Collection of Fleas (founded by Charles Rothschild) is now part of the Natural History Museum collection and her six-volume catalogue of the collection (in collaboration with G. H. E. Hopkins and illustrated by Arthur Smith) took thirty years to complete.

In addition to her work on fleas and other parasites, Rothschild studied insects in the order Lepidoptera. Specifically, she was interested in chemical ecology and mimicry. To learn more about mimicry and its role in Lepidopteran predation by birds, Rothschild adapted greenhouses on her Ashton Wold estate to serve as aviaries for owls and other potential predators. This led to further work to identify the compounds synthesized by insects such as Burnet moth and collaboration with Tadeusz Reichstein to show that a monarch butterfly's toxicity comes from milkweed, its larval host plant. It also resulted in work to demonstrate the importance of plant-derived carotenoids in insect coloration. Rothschild discovered that Large white cabbage butterfly caterpillars fed a diet without carotenoids did not match their background as they typically would and Monarch butterfly caterpillars' pupae had silver threads instead of gold.

Another area of Lepidoptera research that Rothschild pursued was that of the production of antibiotics by butterflies. This work was initially inspired by observations Rothschild made during an anthrax outbreak in the 1930s, but did not begin in earnest until around 60 years later. Rothschild drafted a manuscript on the subject and the results were eventually published 12 years after her death.

Rothschild was a member of the Oxford genetics school during the 1960s, where she met the ecological geneticist E.B. Ford.

Rothschild authored books about her father (Rothschild's Reserves – time and fragile nature) and her uncle (Dear Lord Rothschild). She wrote about 350 papers on entomology, zoology and other subjects.

Later in her career, Rothschild grew interested in hay meadow restoration. In response to a comment that it would take 1,000 years to reproduce a medieval meadow, she said "I could make a very good imitation in ten...it took me fifteen." She developed multiple seed mixes on her Ashton Wold estate, including one she called "Farmer's Nightmare". Another seed mix was used by Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, on his Highgrove Estate.

Awards/honours
In 1973. Rothschild was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She received honorary doctorates from eight universities, including Oxford and Cambridge, and was an Honorary Fellow of St Hugh's College, Oxford. She gave the Romanes Lecture for 1984–5 in Oxford. Rothschild was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1985 and was granted the title of Dame Commander of the British Empire in 2000.

Rothschild was a pioneer among women in entomology and became the first woman trustee of the Natural History Museum (1967–1975), the first woman president of Royal Entomological Society (1993–1994), the first woman to serve on the Committee for Conservation of the National Trust, and the first woman member of the eight-member Entomological Club.

In 1986 the John Galway Foster Human Rights Trust was established; in 2006 the name of the trust was expanded to The Miriam Rothschild & John Foster Human Rights Trust. This funds an annual lecture on human rights. She is also honoured by the endowed Professorship in Conservation Biology in her name at University of Cambridge.

Philanthropy
Rothschild founded the 'Schizophrenia Research Fund' in 1962, in honour of her sister Liberty after Liberty was diagnosed and hospitalized with schizophrenia. The Schizophrenia Research Fund is an independent registered charity formed "to advance the better understanding, prevention, treatment and cure of all forms of mental illness and in particular of the illness known as Schizophrenia". In March 2006, following Miriam's death, the name of the Fund was changed in her memory to the 'Miriam Rothschild Schizophrenia Research Fund'.

The pioneer of British Art Therapy, Edward Adamson and his partner and collaborator, John Timlin, were regular visitors to Ashton Wold. Between 1983 and 1997, the influential Adamson Collection of 6,000 paintings, drawings, sculptures and ceramics by people living with major mental disorder at Netherne Hospital, created with Adamson's encouragement in his progressive art studios at the hospital, was housed and displayed to the public in a medieval barn at Ashton. Rothschild was both a Trustee and, subsequently, Patron of the Adamson Collection Trust. The Adamson Collection is now almost all re-located to the Wellcome Library. All Adamson's papers, correspondence, photographs and other material are currently being organised as the 'Edward Adamson Archive', also at the Wellcome Library.

Books

 * Rothschild, Miriam and Clay, Theresa (1953) Fleas, Flukes and Cuckoos: a study of bird parasites. The New Naturalist series. London: Collins
 * Hopkins, G. H. E. and Rothschild, Miriam (1953–81) An Illustrated Catalogue to the Rothschild Collection of Fleas 6 volumes (4to.) London: British Museum (Natural History)
 * Rothschild, Miriam (1983) Dear Lord Rothschild: birds, butterflies and history. London: Hutchinson (ISBN 0-86689-019-X)
 * Rothschild, Miriam and Farrell, Clive (1985) The Butterfly Gardener. London: Michael Joseph
 * Rothschild, Miriam (1986) Animals and Man: the Romanes lecture for 1984–5 delivered in Oxford on 5 February 1985. Oxford: Clarendon Press
 * Rothschild, Miriam et al. (1986) Colour Atlas of Insect Tissues via the Flea. London: Wolfe
 * Rothschild, Miriam (1991) Butterfly Cooing Like a Dove. London: Doubleday
 * Stebbing-Allen, George; Woodcock, Martin; Lings, Stephen and Rothschild, Miriam (1994) A Diversity of Birds: a personal voyage of discovery. London: Headstart (ISBN 1-85944-000-2)
 * Rothschild, Miriam and Marren, Peter (1997) Rothschild's Reserves: time & fragile nature. London: Harley (ISBN 0-946589-62-3)
 * Rothschild, Miriam; Garton, Kate; De Rothschild, Lionel & Lawson, Andrew (1997) The Rothschild Gardens: a family tribute to nature. London: Abrams
 * Van Emden, Helmut F. and Rothschild, Miriam (eds.) (2004) Insect and Bird Interactions Andover, Hampshire: Intercept (ISBN 1-898298-92-0)

Papers

 * Rothschild, M. (1936) Gigantism and variation in Peringia ulvae Pennant 1777, caused by infection with larval trematodes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 20, 537–46
 * Rothschild, M. (1938)a. Further observations on the effect of trematode parasites on Peringia ulvae (Pennant) 1777. Novavit Zool. 41, 84–102
 * Rothschild, M. (1938)b. Observations on the growth and trematode infections of Peringia ulvae (Pennant) 1777 in a pool in the Tamar saltings, Plymouth. Parasitology, 33(4), 406–415. doi:10.1017/S0031182000024616
 * [many more]

title: Miriam Rothschild


text: Category:United States scientists

title: Category:United States scientists


text:
User talk:Logicalexplosion

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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title: User talk:Logicalexplosion


text:
Manse

A manse is a clergy house inhabited by, or formerly inhabited by, a minister, usually used in the context of Presbyterian,  Methodist, Baptist  and other Christian traditions.

Ultimately derived from the Latin mansus, "dwelling", from manere, "to remain", by the 16th century the term meant both a dwelling and, in ecclesiastical contexts, the amount of land needed to support a single family.

Many notable Scots have been called "sons (or daughters) of the manse", and the term is a recurring point of reference within Scottish media and culture. For example, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Gordon Brown was described as a "son of the manse" as he is the son of a Presbyterian minister.

When selling a former manse, the Church of Scotland always requires that the property should not be called "The Manse" by the new owners, but "The Old Manse" or some other acceptable variation. The intended result is that "The Manse" refers to a working building rather than simply applying as a name.

title: Manse


text:
Agnotozoa

Agnotozoa is a subkingdom of simple animals. It is one of the three animal subkingdoms, along with Parazoa and Eumetazoa. It is nearly synonymous with Mesozoa.

Agnotozoa was first used as one of the branches of the subkingdom Metazoa. It was then considered to contain only one group, Mesozoa.

More recently, some have used the name to refer to a subkingdom of three small phyla of simple animals without organs, Placozoa, Orthonectida, and Rhombozoa. They are known as "simple" though they have differentiated tissue, because that tissue is only organized in simple ways; for example, by being layered. The Orthonectida and Rhombozoa are grouped into the Mesozoa.

Biologists today generally do not use the taxon Agnotozoa because it is doubted that placozoans are closely related to mesozoans and that orthonectids and rhombozoans are related to each other. Even if the two are related, there is little need for another name in addition to mesozoa.

title: Agnotozoa


text:
User talk:White Dragon Nall

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
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title: User talk:White Dragon Nall


text:
Chrysler PowerTech engine

The initial design development for the PowerTech V6 and V8 engine family was done by American Motors Corporation (AMC) and debuted in 1998 with credit to Chrysler. This was the first new V8 engine for Chrysler since the 1960s. The companion V6 was basically the V8 with two fewer cylinders, another concept that originated at AMC before the company joined Chrysler. These new engines had nothing in common with the Chrysler A engine V8s, nor the Jeep 4.0 L "PowerTech" I6 engine.

A 4.7 L V8 came first, available in the Jeep Grand Cherokee, and a 3.7 L V6 version debuted in 2002 for the Jeep Liberty. The PowerTech V6 and V8 were direct replacements for Chrysler's Magnum series in the early 2000s, and were also used in the Dodge Ram and started in the 2000 Dodge Durango. They were not used in any cars, but were reserved for truck and SUV use. They are also known as Next Generation Magnum in Dodge applications.

The PowerTech V6 and V8 engines were produced at the Mack Avenue Engine Complex in Detroit, Michigan. E85 compatible versions of some PowerTech engines were developed and used in numerous Chrysler vehicles. On April 9, 2013, the last 4.7 L engine was built; ending 15 years of production with over 3 million units built.

4.7
The 4.7-liter version was the first of this family, appearing in the 1999 Jeep Grand Cherokee. The displacement is 4698 cc with a bore and a stroke of 3.66x3.405 in. It has a cast iron block and aluminum heads with two valves per cylinder. It uses chain-driven Single overhead camshafts, one in each head. It originally produced 235 hp and 295 lbft of torque. The 4.7 L V8 is available with four speed and five speed automatic transmissions and a 5 speed manual transmission.

The PowerTech was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 1999.

 * 1999–2009 Jeep Grand Cherokee
 * 2000–2007 Dodge Dakota
 * 2000–2009 Dodge Durango
 * 2002–2010 Dodge Ram 1500
 * 2006–2009 Jeep Commander
 * 2007–2009 Chrysler Aspen
 * 2006–2007 Mitsubishi Raider

4.7 HO
A "High-Output" version of the 4.7 L PowerTech engine, producing 265 hp and 330 lbft of torque, was introduced in 2002, first appearing in the Jeep Grand Cherokee Limited as an option and in the Jeep Grand Cherokee Overland as standard equipment.

This engine was discontinued after the 2008 model year, though the non high output 4.7L V8 engine continued to be available in all vehicles.

Applications:
 * 2002–2004 Jeep Grand Cherokee
 * 2007–2008 Jeep Grand Cherokee
 * 2007–2008 Dodge Dakota
 * 2007–2008 Dodge Ram 1500/Ram 1500

2008 Revisions
The 2008 Dodge Dakota and Ram pickup trucks, Dodge Durango and Chrysler Aspen SUV's, Jeep Grand Cherokee, and Jeep Commander came with a Corsair version of the FFV 4.7 L engine, with dual spark plugs per cylinder, a new slant / squish combustion system design, and 9.8:1 compression, raising power to 290 - 310 hp and 320 – of torque. The 2008 4.7 also features other upgrades including a more aggressive camshaft profile, a 74 mm throttle body, and an improved intake manifold with shorter runners. See Allpar's page on the latest 4.7 L.

3.7 EKG

The EKG is a 3.7 L V6 version built in Detroit, Michigan. It displaces 3701 cc. The bore and stroke measure 3.66x3.57 in. It is a 90° V engine like the V8, with SOHC 2-valve heads. It utilizes a counter-rotating balance shaft mounted between the cylinder banks to deal with vibration problems of the 90-degree V6 design, as well as use a 30-degree split pin crankshaft to fire the cylinders every 120 degrees. Output is 210 hp at 5200 rpm with 235 lbft of torque at 4000 rpm. It has a cast iron engine block and aluminum SOHC cylinder heads. It uses Sequential fuel injection, has roller followers, and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods and an assembled reinforced plastic intake manifold.

The Chrysler 3.7 PowerTech engine used in the 2007 - 2012 Jeep Liberty KK used a wasted spark ignition system that uses one ignition coil to fire two cylinders.

Applications
 * 2002–2010 Dodge Ram 1500
 * 2011-2012 Ram 1500
 * 2004–2011 Dodge Dakota
 * 2004–2009 Dodge Durango
 * 2007–2011 Dodge Nitro
 * 2002–2012 Jeep Liberty
 * 2005–2010 Jeep Grand Cherokee
 * 2006–2010 Jeep Commander
 * 2006–2010 Mitsubishi Raider
 * 2002     Dodge M80

title: Chrysler PowerTech engine


text:
Jörg

Jörg or Joerg is a German name, equivalent to George in English.

 * Jörg Bergmeister (born 1976), German race car driver
 * Jörg Frischmann, German Paralympian athlete
 * Jörg Haider (1950–2008), Austrian politician
 * Jörg Andrees Elten (also Swami Satyananda; 1927–2017), German journalist and writer, follower of Osho
 * Jörg Kachelmann (born 1958), Swiss journalist and presenter
 * Joerg Kalt (1967–2007), Austrian film director and cinematographer
 * Jörg Meuthen (born 1961), German politician
 * Jörg Nobis (born 1975), German politician
 * Jörg Pilawa (born 1965), German television presenter
 * Joerg Rieger (born 1963), American professor
 * Jörg Schneider (actor) (1935–2015), Swiss actor

title: Jörg