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Reddiar

Reddiar (also spelt as Reddiyar) is a Telugu speaking land owning, merchants, agricultural social group in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry.

Reddiars, Reddy, Reddappa are considered and believed to come from the same origins and they spread across the lands of Southern and Central India. They are the patrons/financial supporters of local temples in Tamil Region. The names have been believed to be derived according to the regions they are spread across. Reddy in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, Reddiar (Reddy + ar) in Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, and Kerala. Reddy, Reddappa (Reddy + appa- signifying respect) in Karnataka.

Many Reddiars moved from the Andhra region in search of rich soil for cultivation and settled in Pondicherry and the northern districts of Cuddalore, Villupuram and Chengalpet in Tamil Nadu during Vijayanagar Empire. (In People of India/Indian Communities, Oxford University Press).

The migration of the Reddys/Reddiars to Tamil Nadu is assumed to have occurred during the Reddy dynasty expansion till Kanchipuram areas.

Following are the districts that have significant Reddiar Population. Chennai, Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu, Ranipet, Vellore, Thirupattur, Thiruvannamalai, Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri, Puducherry, Cuddalore, Villupuram, Kallakurichi, Salem, Erode, Tiruppur, Coimbatore, Karur, Perambalur, Tiruchirappalli, Dindigul, Madurai, Virudhunagar, Thoothukudi and Tirunelveli

Origins
Anavota Reddy (1335-1364 CE) of Reddy dynasty extended the dominion of the kingdom to Rajahmundry on the north, Kanchi on the south and Srisailam on the west. In a battle at Vallioor, Reddiapuram army defeated Travancore army in the 14th century. In an information Board at the entrance of the Vallioor Murugan Temple it is stated that 14th century Vallioor War - Reddiapuram army defeated Travancore Army at vallioor Battle. After this war Reddiars settled at Samugarengapuram, Seelathikulam and all over Tirunelveli Region in the 14th century.

A mural at the Tiruppudaimaruthur temple in Tirunelveli district in Tamil Nadu, shows the emissaries of the Vijayanagara king Achyutadeva Raya serving an ultimatum to the Travancore ruler Bhoothala Veera Udaya Marthanda Varma to pay tributes to him and return the Pandya territory to Sri Vallabhan. It also depicts the battle between the armies of Achyutadeva Raya and Bhoothala Varma.They are believed moved into Tamil Nadu with the Vijayanagara Emperor Kumara Kampana to liberate Madurai [Madura Vijayam] from Islamic rule and expansion of Vijayanagar empire along with other Telugu and Kannada origin social groups.

Diaspora
Through emigration, there are now many Reddiars in the United States, South Africa, Singapore, Australia and United Kingdom. Many were brought to South Africa during British colonial era to work on the sugarcane farms as indentured labourers. The descendants of such Reddiars can still be found in South Africa today.

Reddy versus Reddiars
Reddys predominantly speak Telugu and follow Telugu cultural norms like Ugadi, Dussehra and Sankranthi and follow all other Andhra norms, whereas Reddiars who came from Andhra to the Tamil region speak both Tamil and Telugu, and follow both Tamil and Telugu cultural norms. They also celebrate Thai Pongal, Tamil New Year and Ugadi. Some have represented in Tamil literary circles as great patrons and scholars of Tamil language.

Former Chief Ministers

 * A. Subbarayalu Reddiar - First Chief Minister of Madras Presidency from Dec 1920 - June 1921
 * O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar - Former Premier of Madras Presidency from 1947-1949 and Former Member of Legislative Council of Madras Presidency from 1946 to 1958
 * V. Venkatasubba Reddiar - Former Chief Minister of Puducherry from 1959 - 1963, 1964 - 1967 and 1968 and a prominent Puducherry freedom fighter
 * V. Vaithilingam - Former Chief Minister of Puducherry - July 4, 1991 to May 13, 1996 (first term), September 4, 2008 – April 13, 2011, Member of Parliament from Puducherry, 2019 -
 * M. D. R. Ramachandran - Former Chief Minister of Puducherry - 16 January 1980 to 23 June 1983 and 8 March 1990 – 3 March 1991

Ministers and Former Ministers of State

 * K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran - Minister for Revenue and Disaster Management in DMK Cabinet (2021-), Former Co-operation, PWD Minister in MGR Cabinet (1980 - 1988), Former Minister for Backward Classes (2006-2011),
 * K. N. Nehru - Minister For Municipal Administration and Urban and Water Supply in DMK cabinet (2021-), Former Minister for Electricity (1989-1991), Former Minister for Food & Public Distribution System (1996–2001), Former Transport Minister in DMK Cabinet (2006–2011),
 * Napoleon - Actor and Former MP of Perambalur Constituency Former Central Minister Of State for Social Justice and Empowerment, 2009 - 2013, Former Vice-President of Nadigar Sangam
 * P. Balakrishna Reddy - Former Animal Husbandry Minister and Former Youth Welfare and Sports Development Minister of Tamil Nadu, 2016 - 2019
 * N. Nallusamy - Former Housing and Slum Clearance Board Minister of Tamil Nadu in MGR Cabinet, 1985-1986
 * C. Perumalswamy Reddiar - Former Industries, Mines and Materials Minister of Madras Presidency from 1949 - 1952 and Member of Indian Constituent Assembly from Madras Presidency

Freedom Fighters

 * Muthukomarappa Reddiar - Freedom Fighter, who spearheaded the revolution to allow Puducherry to join with Indian Union.
 * K. S. Venkatakrishna Reddiar - Freedom Fighter, Politician and, President of Congress Reform Committee and Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly
 * Purushothama Reddiar R.L - Freedom Fighter who organized and presided over the French India People’s Convention in 1947 which fought for the conditional withdrawal of the French Regime in Puducherry and Former Member of Puducherry Legislative Assembly from Kuruvinatham Kariambuthur, 1956 - 1959 and 1959 - 1964.
 * Venugopal Reddiar R. - Freedom Fighter who fought for the independence of Puducherry from French Regime.
 * Chandrasekara Reddiar - Freedom Fighter who fought for the independence of Puducherry from French Regime.
 * B.B.K. Raja Chidambara Reddiar - Freedom Fighter who took part in the Quit India Movement in 1941 and was imprisoned for one year in Trichy central jail. He was a member of the Trichy Jilla Board and he was a member of the Madras Legislative Assembly.
 * J.Ramadoss Reddiar - Freedom Fighter from Villivakkam, Chennai.
 * V.Ganapathi Reddiar - Freedom Fighter from Perambalur and Participated in Various Freedom Struggles and Donated Land to Poor for the Initiative of Bhoodan Movement.

Judiciary

 * N. Krishnaswami Reddy - Former Justice of Madras High Court from 1964 to 1966.

Elected Representatives

 * Arun Nehru (Tamil Nadu politician) - Member of Parliament of Lok Sabha from Perambalur Lok Sabha constituency, 2024 -
 * R. Girirajan - Member of Parliament of Rajya Sabha from Tamil Nadu, 2022 -
 * S. R. Raja - Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Tambaram Constituency, 2016 -
 * M. Varalakshmi - Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Chengalpattu Constituency, 2016 -
 * G. V. Markandayan - Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Vilathikulam Constituency, 2021 -, 2011 - 2016
 * S. Kathiravan - Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Manachanallur Constituency, 2021 -
 * M. Sivasankar - Member of Puducherry Legislative Assembly from Ozhukarai Constituency, 2021 -
 * R. Senthilkumar - Member of Puducherry Legislative Assembly from Bahour Constituency, 2021 -
 * R. B. Ashok Babu - Nominated Member of Puducherry Legislative Assembly, 2021 -

Former Elected Representatives

 * R.Venkatasubbu Reddiar - Former Member of Parliament of Lok Sabha from Tindivanam Constituency, 1962 - 1967
 * M. R. Lakshmi Narayanan - Former Member of Parliament of Lok Sabha from Tindivanam Constituency 1971 - 1977 and 1977 - 1979
 * S. R. Vijayakumar - Former Member of Parliament of Lok Sabha from Chennai Central Constituency, 2014 - 2019
 * R. Radhakrishnan (politician) - Former Member of Parliament of Lok Sabha from Puducherry Constituency, 2014 - 2019 and Former Member of Puducherry Legislative Assembly from Kuruvinatham Constituency, 2001 - 2011
 * Jayarama Reddiar - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Aruppukottai Constituency,1952 - 1957
 * O.Venkatasubba Reddi - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly  from Maduranthakam Constituency, 1952 - 1957 and 1957 - 1962 and Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Acharapakkam constituency,1962 - 1967
 * Gajapathi Reddiar - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Ponneri Constituency, 1952 - 1957
 * P. Rangaswami Reddiar - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Thuraiyur Constituency, 1952 - 1957
 * A. Ramachandra Reddiar - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly of from Tiruvannamalai Constituency, 1952 - 1957
 * M. Muni Reddy - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Hosur constituency, 1952 - 1957 and Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Uddanapalle Constituency, 1957 - 1962
 * M. G. Sankar - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Nanguneri Constituency, 1952 - 1962, Philanthropist
 * Thirukamu Reddi - Former Member of Puducherry Legislative Assembly from Sellipet Constituency, 1956 - 1959
 * R.Krishnaswami Reddiar - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Perambalur Constituency, 1957 - 1962
 * A.V.P.Periavalaguruva Reddy - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Tirumangalam Constituency from 1957 - 1962
 * M. Ramachandra Reddy- Former Member Of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Vandavasi Constituency,1957 - 1962
 * P.Doraisamy Reddiar - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Arni Constituency, 1957 - 1962
 * A.S.Doraiswamy Reddiar - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Saidapet Constituency, 1957 - 1962
 * M.Jangal Reddiar - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Gingee Constituency, 1957 - 1962
 * P.C. Purushottam Reddiar - Former Member of Puducherry Legislative Assembly from Thavalakuppam Constituency, 1959 - 1964
 * N. Ramachandra Reddy - Former Member Of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Hosur Constituency,1962 - 1967 and Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Hosur Constituency, 1977 - 1980, 1989 - 1991
 * A.Somasundara Reddiar - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Council,1962 - 1968
 * Kesava Reddiar - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Polur Constituency, 1962 - 1967
 * O.Srinivasa Reddiar - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Uthiramerur Constituency, 1962 - 1967
 * A.Raghava Reddi - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Gummidipoondi Constituency,1962 - 1967
 * K.Thiruvengadam - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Tirumangalam Constituency, 1962 - 1967
 * V. Bashyam Reddy - Former Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly from Purasawalkam Constituency, 1962 - 1967
 * Manickavasaga Reddiar - Former Member of Puducherry Legislative Assembly from Mannadipet Constituency, 1964 - 1969
 * P. S. Muthuselvan - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Musiri Constituency, 1967 - 1976
 * M. Kandaswamy - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Kulithalai Constituency, 1967 - 1976
 * E.M.Subramaniam - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Tirukkoyilur Constituency, 1967 - 1971
 * D. Ramachandran - Former Member of Puducherry Legislative Assembly from Mannadipet Constituency, 1974 - 1990 and 2001 - 2006
 * P.E.Srinivasa Reddiar - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Kulithalai Constituency, 1977 - 1980
 * A.Ekambara Reddy - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Pallipattu Constituency, 1977 - 1980, 1989 - 1991 and 1991 - 1996
 * Pakkur S.Subramanian - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Uthiramerur constituency, 1977 - 1980
 * R. K. Perumal - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Vilathikulam Constituency,1977 - 1984
 * T.R.Rajaram Reddy - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Tindivanam Constituency, 1977 - 1980
 * K.Narayanasamy - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Tiruvannamalai Constituency, 1980 - 1984
 * S. Kumara Kurubara Ramanathan - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Vilathikulam Constituency, 1984- 1987
 * T. Venkata Reddy - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Hosur Constituency, 1980 - 1989.
 * R. Ramanathan - Former Member of Puducherry Legislative Assembly, Kurivinatham Constituency, 1985 - 1991
 * G.G.Gurumoorthy - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Bhavani Constituency, 1989 - 1991.
 * M.Venkatarama Reddy - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Thalli Constituency, 1991 - 1996
 * A. Pappasundaram - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Kulithalai Constituency,1989 - 1996, 2001 - 2006, 2011 - 2016
 * S. Raja Reddy - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Thalli Constituency, 1996 - 2001
 * K. Ravisankar - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Vilathikulam Constituency, 2001 - 2006
 * N. K. Perumal - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Vilathikulam Constituency, 2001 - 2006
 * P. Chinnappan - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Vilathikulam Constituency, 2006-2011 and 2019 - 2021
 * Sorathur R. Rajendran (AIADMK politician) - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Kurinjipadi Constituency, 2011 - 2016
 * V. Muthukumar - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Virudhachalam Constituency, 2011 - 2016
 * P. R. Manogar - Former member of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Sholingur constituency, 2011 - 2016.
 * E. Ramar - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Kulithalai Constituency, 2016 - 2021
 * K. Uma Maheswari - Former Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from Vilathikulam Constituency, 2016 - 2019

Politicians

 * Trichy Velusamy - Indian National Congress Spokesperson
 * Prof. Dr. R. Srinivasan - Tamil Nadu Bharatiya Janata Party General Secretary and Spokesperson and Independent Director of NABARD
 * Amar Prasad Reddy - Tamil Nadu Bharatiya Janata Party Sports Wing Head and a Former Advisor to Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. Of India

Tamil Writers and Poets

 * Annamalai Reddiyar - Tamil Poet
 * A.Ve.Ra Krishnaswami Reddiar - Renowned Journalist and Tamil Writer
 * Ve.Vengadarajulu Reddiar - Notable Tamil Researcher and Tamil Writer
 * Prof. Dr. N Subbu Reddiar - Eminent Tamil Writer and Researcher
 * Illakiyaveedhi Iniyavan - Prominent Tamil Writer
 * Va.Ko.Shanmugam - Renowned Tamil Poet and Writer
 * Nesamigu S.Rajakumaaran - Prominent Tamil Poet and Writer and Directed Various Documentary Films

Doctors and Health Practitioners

 * Muthulakshmi Reddi - First Indian Woman Doctor and Former Legislator, Founder of Cancer Institute (WIA), Padma Bhushan Awardee
 * Dr.T.Sundara Reddi - First Indian doctor to become a Fellow of the Royal Society of Civil Surgeons (FRCS) and he had set up the Clinic for Poor and Downtrodden People, Husband of Muthulakshmi Reddi and Nephew of A. Subbarayalu Reddiar
 * Krishnamurthy Reddiar - Notable Herbal Practitioner from Sri Lanka
 * Dr. Venugopal S Reddiar - Physician, Success Coach & Behavioural Scientist

Agriculture

 * T. Venkatapathi Reddiar - Famous Horticulturist and Florist and a Recipient of Padma Shri Award
 * G. Sundarama Reddiar - Prominent leader in the South India Farmers’ Union

Education

 * Dhanalakshmi A. Srinivasan - Founder - Chancellor of Dhanalakshmi Group of Institutions
 * K.Ramaswamy - Founder of National Engineering College, Kovilpatti
 * K.R.Arunachalam - Managing Trustee of K.R Group of Institutions
 * R.Shanmugaiah - Founder of RSR International School, Sivakasi
 * Ramesh Prabha - Educationist, Chairman of Galaxy Institute of Management Chennai, Career Guidance Specialist and a Television Presenter.
 * N.Narayanasamy Reddiyar - Renowned Teacher and Tamil Writer and Founder of Narayana Gardens
 * T.Kalathur Pulavar Rengaraju Reddiyar - Won the Best Teacher Award from then President of India K. R. Narayanan in 1997 & Best Teacher Award (state level) from the Ex-Chief Minister of Tamilnadu J. Jayalalithaa in 1993. Also a Tamil poet.
 * M.Sathya Kumar - Educationist and Renowned Economic & Tax Law Advisor in India. He Completed Chartered Accountancy, Cost Accountancy and Company Secretary courses, becoming one of the few triple-qualified finance professionals in India and now practicing as an Advocate.

Arts and Cinema

 * C. V. Sridhar - Famous Film Director
 * K.M. Adimoolam - Prominent Artist and a recipient of Lalit Kala Akademi National Award
 * Sirpy - Renowned Tamil, Telugu Music Composer
 * Vasanth Ravi - Tamil Film Actor
 * Alagesh alias Venkatesh - Tamil Film and Serial Actor

Sports

 * G. R. Vaishnav - Indian Volleyball Player
 * Muthamizh Selvi - First Woman from Tamil Nadu to Climb Mount Everest

Entrepreneurs

 * A.Muthukrishnan - Co-Founder of Namma Veedu Vasanta Bhavan Chain of Restaurants, Tamil Nadu
 * A.Rengasamy - Co-Founder of Namma Veedu Vasanta Bhavan Chain of Restaurants, Tamil Nadu
 * M.Ravi - Owner of Namma Veedu Vasanta Bhavan Chain of Restaurants, Tamil Nadu
 * R. Kandasamy Reddiar - Founder of Valarmathi Hotels(Now Known as Temple City Group of Hotels), Madurai, Tamil Nadu
 * Temple City Lakshamana Kumar - Owner of Temple City Group of Hotels, Madurai, Tamil Nadu
 * Dr.Manivannan Selvaraj - Founder and Managing Director of Kauvery Hospital
 * Dr.Aravindan Selvaraj - Co-Founder and Executive Director of Kauvery Hospital
 * G. Renganathan - Owner of Guru Hotel, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu
 * E.V.Perumalsamy Reddy - Founder of EVP Group of Companies
 * E.V.P.Santhosh Reddy - Managing Director of EVP Group of Companies
 * S.T. Reddiar - Founder of ST Reddiar and Sons, Ernakulam, Kerala
 * Veeraiah Reddiar - Founder of Seematti, One of Kerala's Big Textile and Silk Showrooms.
 * Beena Kannan - Owner of Seematti, Kerala
 * Aiyappa Reddiar - Founder of Aiyappas, Kottayam, Kerala
 * K. Lakshmana Reddiar - Textile Tycoon, Founder of Parthas, Textile and Silk Showroom Chain, Kerala
 * M. Venkatanarayana Reddiar - Textile Tycoon, Founder of Sreenivas Fabrics, Kerala
 * T.K.Perumal Reddiar - Famous Merchant, Kerala
 * Nataraja Reddiar - Founder of Famous Grand Sweets & Snacks, Chennai
 * K. Santhanam Reddiar - Founder of Sanco Trans Group, Chennai
 * M. Vengadasubbu - Founder of Darling Electronics
 * Ramanuja Reddiar Kumar - Founder of Anuj Tiles
 * K.R.V. Ganesan - Founder of Aswins Sweets, Perambalur
 * R.Manoharan - Founder of Banana Leaf Group of Restaurants
 * Yuvaraajann Radhakrishnan - Owner of Baashyam Group of Constructions

Intrapreneur

 * Rajmohan Rajagopalan - General Manager at Microsoft, Palo Alto, California

title: Reddiar


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Jeanette Biedermann

Jeanette Biedermann (born Jean Biedermann, 22 February 1980) is a German singer, actress, and television personality. Born and raised in the greater Berlin area, Biedermann began performing as a member of a troupe of acrobats in a children's circus at the age of six. She later attended beauty school before dropping out to pursue her music career following her participation and win of the Bild-Schlagerwettbewerb competition in 1998. The following year, Biedermann placed fourth in the national final for the Eurovision Song Contest and was propelled to stardom when she was cast in a main role in the soap opera Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten. In 2000, she made her musical breakthrough with her first two full English-language albums Enjoy! (2000) and Delicious (2001).

Trying to reinvent her image, Biedermann shifted to pop rock music for her next albums – Rock My Life (2002), Break On Through (2003) and Naked Truth (2006). Following her departure from GZSZ and a longer hiatus, she had a starring role in the telenovela Anna und die Liebe and released her dance pop-led album Undress to the Beat (2009), which was less successful commercially and led to a decline in her musical career. In 2012, Biedermann became the lead singer of the German-language group Ewig which eventually disbanded in 2019. The same year, she appeared in the sixth season of Sing meinen Song – Das Tauschkonzert, the German version of the Best Singers series and announced the release of her eighth solo effort DNA (2019).

Lending her musical knowledge to others, Biedermann served as a member of the judging panel of reality television competition series such as Star Search and Stars auf Ice in 2003 and 2006, respectively. Since then, she has also starred in various films, theatrical projects and television shows, including crime series Tatort (2006) and spoofing film Dörte's Dancing (2008). With album and single sales in excess of ten million copies, Biedermann is ranked among the highest-selling German music artists to emerge in the early 2000s. Her contributions to the music industry have garnered her numerous achievements including two ECHO Awards, a Goldene Kamera and a Top of the Pops Award.

Early life
Biedermann was born in Bernau bei Berlin on 22 February 1980 as the only child of Bernd and Marion Biedermann. Before Jeanette was born her parents lost three children. Two in the pregnancy, the third child, Dennis, died three weeks after the birth. At the age of six she began performing professionally on stage of the Circus Lilliput, appearing as a member of a troupe of acrobats and she went on to attend beauty school once she graduated from high school. After her secondary school graduation, she started receiving vocational training as a hairdresser. The singer discontinued her studies in 1999, however, after she participated in and won the Bild-Schlagerwettbewerb competition, winning out over 270,000 other contestants. She released her debut single, "Das tut unheimlich weh", soon after that. To date, it remains her only song performed entirely in German.

One month later after the competition she continued becoming an actress when she appeared on the German soap opera Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten, where she played the role of Marie Balzer from 1999 to 2004. Biedermann's blossoming TV career only boosted her music career. In May 2008, she has played the main role of Anna Polauke with German actor Roy Peter Link in the new TV series Anna und die Liebe aired in August 2008, which has brought her further success within Germany. The series broke many records with more than 2.5 million people watching Anna und die Liebe. In October 2009, Jeanette confirmed that she will leave Anna und die Liebe in January 2010. The last episode with her will be aired in April 2010 and she will focus on her music career and going on Tour.

2000–2001: Success career: Enjoy and Delicious
Her second album, "Delicious", came out soon after her debut album, and it became her first album which was certified Gold in Germany.

A few months later after her debut on Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten, she signed a music contract with Polydor and recorded her first album. In September 2000 she released her first English speaking single Go Back which became the first single of Biedermann's debut album "Enjoy". The album peaked at number 39 in the national album charts and in Switzerland at number 67. Biedermann won an ECHO in 2001 for best-selling "Female Artist National" one year later.

2002–2003: Rock My Life and Break On Through
Trying to distance herself from her dance pop image, Biedermann reinvented her musical direction by developing a more rock pop-oriented sound with her third album, Rock My Life (2002). Upon its release, the album peaked at number seven on the German Albums Chart and was eventually certified gold by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie (BVMI). Its same-titled lead single became her first top five hit, reaching number three on the German Singles Chart, and peaked at number six in Austria. Rock My Life spawned three further top ten singles, including "It's Over Now", "Right Now" and a cover version of Bob Seger's "We've Got Tonight", a duet with Boyzone member Ronan Keating that was initially recorded for his second album Destination (2002). Afterwards Biedermann started her second live tour, the Rock My Life Tour. It sold over 130,000 tickets and became a sellout.

The following year, Biedermann announced her departure from Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten and served as a coach on the debut season of the Sat.1 talent series Star Search. In November, her fourth studio album Break On Through was released. Taking her work further into the rock genre, it became her first top ten album in Austria and Switzerland as well as her highest-charting album to date in Germany, peaking at number six. With sales in excess of 200,000, it reached platinum status in Germany and was certified gold by the Austrian International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). "Rockin' on Heaven's Floor", the album's first single, became a top ten hit all over German-speaking Europe and was followed by two further singles, "No Eternity" and "Hold the Line". The same year, Biedermann embarked on her Break On Through Tour, a 45-city tour throughout Austria, Germany, Italy and Switzerland, and played a fictionalized version of herself in the television action film Shark Attack in the Mediterranean alongside Ralf Moeller and Katy Karrenbauer.

2004–2006: Merry Christmas and Naked Truth
In 2004, Biedermann played a dancer opposite Jan Sosniok in the Sat.1 television film Liebe ohne Rückfahrschein. The romantic comedy was broadcast to mixed reviews and high ratings. Biedermann recorded several original songs as well as cover versions of Christmas standards and carols for her fifth studio album and first Christmas record, Merry Christmas. Released in November 2004, the album debuted at number 22 in the German Albums Chart. The album's lead single, "The Infant Light", peaked at number eleven on the German Singles Chart.

Naked Truth was released in March 2006 and included contributions from her then boyfriend and guitarist Jörg Weissenberg. The album reached a moderate number 14 on the national albums chart but then fell quickly out of the Top 50. In Austrian the album reached number 44 and in Switzerland number 55. The singles charted within the Top 20. The third single Heat of Summer peaked at number 50 in the German singles Charts. It was promoted by a short live tour, entitled Bad Girls Club, hitting eight cities throughout Germany. After the tour she decided to take a break from her music career and want focus on her acting career but will coming back anytime to make music. During the Tour she Datet Jorg Weisselberg.

2008–2017: Comeback with Undress to the Beat and solo career retirement
In 2009, Biedermann released her seventh studio album Undress to the Beat. Trying to reinvent her image once again, she shifted to electronic pop music for the overall sound of the record and consulted a number of new and upcoming collaborators to work with her, including Scandinavian musicians such as Remee, Carl Falk, Thomas Troelsen and Johan Bobäck. Upon its release, Undress to the Beat debuted and peaked at number 13 on the German Albums Chart, also reaching the top 30 in Austria, and became her highest-charting album since Break on Through (2003). Its release was preceded by the same-titled lead single, produced by Bobäck, which peaked at number six in Germany, becoming her eleventh top ten single. Undress to the Beat spawned two further singles, including "Material Boy (Don't Look Back)" and "Solitary Rose", the latter of which she performed on Anna und die Liebe and was a top 20 hit in Austria and Germany. In early 2010, Biedermann announced her departure from Anna und die Liebe in March 2010 since she was preparing for her Solitary Rose Tour, set to start in April 2010. However, the tour was eventually cancelled in late March 2010 due to her father's pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Following her father's remission, Biedermann resigned with Anna und die Liebe for its third and fourth season in fall 2010.

In 2011, German fashion retailer Jeans Fritz engaged Biedermann as a designer and model for their casual brand. The same year, she appeared in the historical television thriller Isenhart: The Hunt Is on for Your Soul. Filmed in Berlin, Vienna and Budapest, it was broadcast to positive reviews and high ratings. In August 2011, Biedermann was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for her social, charitable or philanthropic work as a German Red Cross ambassador. Feeling increasingly exhausted due to her time-consuming career in both music and film, Biedermann decided to withdraw from her public life as a solo artist and founded the band Ewig along with boyfriend Jörg Weißelberg and friend Christian Bömkes. Taking her back to her career beginnings, the band released two German language studio albums, Wir sind Ewig and Indianerehrenwort, in 2012 and 2015, respectively, with both of them reaching the top 50 of the German Albums Chart. In 2015, Ewig represented Brandenburg in the Bundesvision Song Contest with the song "Ein Geschenk", finishing in eighth place.

2018–present: Solo career revival
In April 2019, Ewig announced their disbandment following the departure of band member Christian Bömke. On 16 April 2019 Biedermann released "Wie ein offenes Buch", her first solo single in ten years, through Columbia Records. The following month she participated in the sixth season of the reality television series Sing meinen Song – Das Tauschkonzert, the German version of the series The Best Singers. Her appearance on the show was accompanied by the release of another single, "Deine Geschichten", as well as the announcement of her seventh studio album DNA which was released on 6 September 2019.

Personal life
In early 2005, Biedermann dated Jörg Weisselberg, the guitarist of her band. In July 2008, they broke up their relationship, stating their lack of time spent together and the stress of a long-distance relationship. Biedermann said they would be friends and would be working together as friends. There were some rumors that they were still together or together again as they were seen going out together. Two years later, they are together and engaged as the German press reports. In summer 2012, the couple married.

Studio albums

 * Enjoy! (2000)
 * Delicious (2001)
 * Rock My Life (2002)
 * Break On Through (2003)
 * Merry Christmas (2004)
 * Naked Truth (2006)
 * Undress to the Beat (2009)
 * DNA (2019)

Live albums

 * DNA LIVE 2020 (2020)

Collaboration albums

 * Wir sind Ewig (2012)
 * Indianerehrenwort (2015)

Awards and nominations

 * 2000
 * Bravo Otto (Silver) – "Best Female Singer" (Won)

 * 2001
 * ECHO – "Female Artist National" (Won)

 * 2002
 * Eins Live Krone – "Best Female Act" (Won)
 * Top of the Pops Award – "Best German Act" (Won)
 * Goldene Europa (Won)
 * Goldener Fritz (Won)
 * Comet – "Live Award" (Nominated)
 * ECHO – "Female Artist National" (Nominated)

 * 2003
 * Eins Live Krone – "Best Female Act" (Won)
 * Bravo Otto (Gold) – "Best Female Singer" (Won)
 * Bravo Otto (Silver) – "Best TV Actress" (Won)
 * McMega Music Award – "Female Artist Of The Year" (Won)
 * Woman of the Year (Maxim) (German edition) (Won)
 * ECHO – "Female Artist National" (Nominated)
 * Comet – "Best Female National" (Nominated)

 * 2004
 * Bravo Otto (Gold) – "Best Female" (Won)
 * Bravo Otto (Gold) – "Best TV Actress" (Won)
 * Goldene Kamera – "Pop National" (Won)
 * Glamourfrau 2003 (Bunte) (Won)
 * ECHO – "Female Artist National" (Nominated)
 * Eins Live Krone – "Best Female Act" (Nominated)

 * 2005
 * ECHO – "Best National Videoclip 'Run with Me'" (Won)
 * ECHO – "Female Artist National" (Nominated)
 * Woman of the Year – (Maxim) (German edition) (Won)
 * Comet – "Best Female" (Nominated)

 * 2006
 * Jetix Kidsawards – "Hottest artist" (Won)
 * FHM – "Sexiest Woman in the World" (Won)

 * 2007

 * FHM – "#4 Sexiest Woman in the World" (Nominated)
 * Comet – "Best Female" (Nominated)

 * 2008
 * FHM – "#10 Sexiest Woman in the World" (Nominated)
 * Bild Wahl – "Most Popular Woman in Germany" (Nominated)

 * 2009

 * Comet – "Best Female" (Nominated)

 * 2010
 * Goldener Pinguin – "TV-Star of the Year" (Nominated)
 * ECHO – "Best National Videoclip 'Undress to the Beat'" (Nominated)
 * Kid's Choice Award Switzerland – "Most Popular TV-Star" (Won)
 * Comet – "Best Female" (Nominated)

 * 2011
 * German Soap Award – "Best Telenovela Actress" (Won)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jeanette Biedermann


text:
Maarten van Heemskerck

Maarten van Heemskerck or Marten Jacobsz Heemskerk van Veen (1 June 1498 – 1 October 1574) was a Dutch portrait and religious painter, who spent most of his career in Haarlem. He was a pupil of Jan van Scorel, and adopted his teacher's Italian-influenced style. He spent the years 1532–36 in Italy. He produced many designs for engravers, and is especially known for his depictions of the Wonders of the World.

Early life

Heemskerck was born in the village of Heemskerk, North Holland, halfway between Alkmaar and Haarlem. He was the son of a farmer called Jacob Willemsz. van Veen. According to his biography by Karel van Mander, he began his artistic training with the painter Cornelius Willemsz in Haarlem, but was recalled to Heemskerk by his father to work on the family farm. However, having contrived an argument with his father he left again, this time for Delft, where he studied under Jan Lucasz, before moving on to Haarlem, where he became a pupil of Jan van Scorel, learning to paint in his teacher's innovative Italian-influenced style.

Heemskerck then went to lodge at the home of the wealthy curate of the Sint-Bavokerk, Pieter Jan Foppesz (whose name van Mander writes as Pieter Ian Fopsen). They knew each other because Foppesz owned land in Heemskerk. The artist painted him in a now famous family portrait, considered the first of its kind in a long line of Dutch family paintings. His other works for Foppesz included two life size figures symbolising the Sun and the Moon on a bedstead, and a picture of Adam and Eve "rather smaller but (it is said) after living models". His next home was in the house of a goldsmith, Justus Cornelisz, on the edge of Haarlem.

Before setting off for Italy on a Grand Tour in 1532, Heemskerck painted a scene of St. Luke painting the Virgin for the altar of St. Luke in the Bavokerk. An inscription, incorporated into a trompe-l'œil label on the painting begins "This picture is a remembrance from its painter, Marten Heemskerck; he has here dedicated his labours to St Luke as a proof of regard to his associates in his profession, of which that saint is patron".

Italy
He travelled around the whole of northern and central Italy, stopping at Rome, where he had letters of introduction from van Scorel to the influential Dutch cardinal William of Enckenvoirt.

It is evident of the facility with which he acquired the rapid execution of a scene-painter that he was selected to collaborate with Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Battista Franco and Francesco de' Rossi (Il Salviati) on the redecoration of the Porta San Sebastiano at Rome as a triumphal arch (5 April 1536) in honour of Charles V. Giorgio Vasari, who saw the battle-pieces which Heemskerk then produced, said they were well composed and boldly executed.

While in Rome where he made numerous drawings of classical sculpture and architecture, many of which survive in two sketchbooks now in the Kupferstichkabinett Berlin. He was to use them as source material throughout the rest of his career. Among these are the Capitoline Brutus, van Heemskerck being the first known artist to make a sketch of this now famous bust.

However, a study published in 2024 argues that the drawings in the Berlin Kupferstichkabinett are not by Heemskerck, but by Cornelis Floris (II), called Cornelis Floris de Vriendt and were only created around 1535/36-1538. The Berlin collection of drawings comprises the pages of three disintegrated sketchbooks and individual sheets which, according to this thesis, are all by Floris with a few exceptions.

Later career
On his return to the Netherlands in 1536, he settled back at Haarlem, where he became president of the Haarlem Guild of Saint Luke (in 1540), married twice (his first wife and child died during childbirth), and secured a large and lucrative practice.

The alteration in his style, brought about by his experience of Italy was not universally admired. According to van Mander, "in the opinion of some of the best judges he had not improved it, except in one particular, that his outline was more graceful than before".

He painted large altarpieces for his friend, the art maecenas and later Catholic martyr of the Protestant Reformation, (also known as Musius). Muys had returned from a period in France to the Netherlands in 1538 and became prior of the St. Agatha cloister in Delft (later became the Prinsenhof). This lucrative and high-profile work in Delft earned Heemskerck a commission for an altarpiece in the Nieuwe Kerk (Delft) for their Guild of St. Luke. In 1553 he became curate of the Sint-Bavokerk, where he served for 22 years (until the Protestant reformation). In 1572 he left Haarlem for Amsterdam, to avoid the siege of Haarlem which the Spaniards laid to the place.

Engravings
He was one of the first Netherlandish artists to make drawings specifically for reproduction by commercial printmakers. He employed a technique incorporating cross-hatching and stippling, intended to aid the engraver.

Wonders of the World
Heemskerck produced designs for a set of engravings, showing eight, rather than the usual seven wonders of the ancient world. His addition to the conventional list was the Colosseum in Rome, which, unlike the others, he showed in ruins, as it was in his own time, with the speculative addition of a giant statue of Jupiter in the centre. They were engraved by Philip Galle and published in 1572.

Paintings

Many works by van Heemskerck survive. Adam and Eve and St. Luke painting the Likeness of the Virgin and Child in presence of a poet crowned with ivy leaves, and a parrot in a cage – an altar-piece in the gallery of Haarlem, and the Ecce Homo in the Museum of Fine Arts in Ghent, are characteristic works of the period preceding van Heemskerck's visit to Italy. An altar-piece executed for the St. Laurence Church of Alkmaar in 1539–1543, composed of at least a dozen large panels, which including portraits of historical figures, preserved in Linköping Cathedral, Sweden since the Reformation, shows his style after his return from Italy.

He painted a crucifixion for the Riches Claires at Ghent (now in the Museum of Fine Arts, Ghent) in 1543, and an altar-piece for the Drapers' Company at Haarlem, finished in 1546 and now in the gallery of the Hague. They show how Heemskerck studied and repeated the forms which he had seen in the works of Michelangelo and Raphael at Rome, and in the frescoes of Andrea Mantegna and Giulio Romano in Lombardy, but he never forgot his Dutch origin or the models first presented to him by Scorel and Jan Mabuse.

In 1550, Heemskerck painted a large, now dismembered triptych, the remains of which are today divided between the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg (Adam and Eve/Gideon and the Fleece), and the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen (The Visitation). As late as 1551, he then produced a copy from Raphael's Madonna of Loreto (Frans Hals Museum). In 1552, he painted a view of a bull race inside the Colosseum of Rome (Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille). A Judgment of Momus, dated 1561, in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin, shows that he was well acquainted with anatomy and fond of florid architecture. Two altar-pieces which he finished for churches at Delft in 1551 and 1559, one complete (St. Luke painting the Virgin), the other a fragment, in the museum of Haarlem, a third of 1551 in the Brussels Museum, representing Golgotha, the Crucifixion, the Flight into Egypt, Christ on the Mount, and scenes from the lives of St. Bernard and St. Benedict, are all fairly representative of his style.

There is a Crucifixion in the Hermitage Museum of Saint Petersburg, and two Triumphs of Silenus in the gallery of Vienna. Other pieces of varying importance are in the galleries of Rotterdam, Munich, Cassel, Brunswick, Karlsruhe, Mainz, Copenhagen, Strasbourg and Rennes.

Parrots

In his depiction of Saint Luke painting the Virgin, which Heemskerck painted twice for two painter's guilds, there is some confusion in the literature about a parrot. In both paintings he painted a parrot, but the parrot in a cage has been sawn off the first painting and is no longer visible.

Death
In Amsterdam he made a will, which has been preserved. It shows that he had lived long enough and prosperously enough to make a fortune. At his death, he left money and land in trust to the orphanage of Haarlem, with interest to be paid yearly to any couple who should be willing to perform the marriage ceremony on the slab of his tomb in the cathedral of Haarlem. It was a superstition in Catholic Holland that a marriage so celebrated would secure the peace of the dead within the tomb.

Reputation
Heemskerck was widely respected in his own lifetime and was a strong influence on the painters of Haarlem in particular. He is known (along with his teacher Jan van Scorel) for his introduction of Italian art to the Northern Netherlands, especially for his series on the wonders of the world, that were subsequently spread as prints. Karel van Mander devoted six pages to his biography in his Schilder-boeck.

Public collections

 * Courtauld Institute of Art
 * Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam
 * Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
 * National Gallery, London
 * Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
 * Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg
 * University of Michigan Museum of Art
 * Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes Juan B. Castagnino, Rosario

title: Maarten van Heemskerck


text:
The Ginger Man

The Ginger Man is a novel, first published in Paris in 1955, by J. P. Donleavy. The story is set in Dublin, Ireland, in post-war 1947. Upon its publication, it was banned both in Ireland and the United States of America by reason of obscenity.

Background
Donleavy's friend and fellow writer Brendan Behan was the first person to read the completed manuscript. The book was rejected by numerous publishers, but The Manchester Guardian published some extracts from it, calling the book a "comic triumph". Subsequently, Behan told Donleavy about Olympia Press, a Paris-based English-language publisher that had produced works by Samuel Beckett, and Donleavy succeeded in getting the book published by them, but was angered when he discovered that it had done so under its pornography imprint.

In his 1994 autobiography The History of The Ginger Man, Donleavy wrote, "I smashed my fist upon its green cover format, published as it was in the pseudonymous and pornographic Traveller's Companion Series, and I declared aloud, 'If it's the last thing I ever do, I will avenge this book.'" Donleavy and the owner of Olympia Press, Maurice Girodias, became embroiled in decades of legal cases, The Guardian noting: "Twenty years later, the two parties were still suing each other, under the guise of phantom companies – Donleavy was 'The Little Someone Corporation' – with no end in sight. Girodias had declared himself bankrupt, and was preparing to buy back the title of his beloved Olympia Press at an auction in Paris. Donleavy learned of the sale and sent his wife to France with a large sum in cash. When bidding went over $8,000, Girodias ran out of money. The mysterious woman (as Girodias saw her) made a final bid, and the Olympia Press belonged to Donleavy."

Reception
The Ginger Man has sold 45 million copies worldwide and has never been out of print. It was named one of the 100 Best Novels of the 20th Century by the Modern Library in 1998. The book was reprinted in 2001, and republished on July 29, 2010 by Grove Press.

In 1958, Norman Podhoretz, the editor of Commentary, noted in The New York Times that, "In recent months a large number of remarkably accomplished first novels by Americans have appeared, all of them bearing the usual exclamations of enthusiasm from the publishers on their dust jackets. What is most surprising, some of them – notably William Humphrey's Home From the Hill and J. P. Donleavy's The Ginger Man – justify the excitement. […] What really makes The Ginger Man a vital work is the fact that it both reflects and comments dramatically on the absurdities of an age clinging to values in which it simply cannot believe and unable to summon up the courage to find out what its moral convictions really are".

Writing in The Guardian in 2004, James Campbell judged that, "The Ginger Man still reads well today, once one becomes accustomed to its headlong rush of style, its frequent verbless sentences, the switch of tenses and the manic swing between first and third persons as it lunges to catch the protagonist's babbling thoughts […] In other places, the prose hops along alliteratively, with hints of Joyce and Dylan Thomas. Many chapters end with a snatch of verse, a habit that began in Donleavy's first book and became his signature tune".

In the 2010 reissue of The Ginger Man, Jay McInerney noted in the introduction that the book "has undoubtedly launched thousands of benders, but it has also inspired scores of writers with its vivid and visceral narrative voice and the sheer poetry of its prose".

Adaptations
Donleavy wrote a stage adaptation of The Ginger Man, directed by Philip Wiseman, which opened in London in September 1959, with Richard Harris playing Dangerfield. In October, the play opened in Dublin, also starring Harris, and was closed after three performances, owing to the play's offensiveness (according to the Dublin critics), and following protests from the Catholic Church. All this is recorded by Donleavy in the 1961 Random House publication of the play with an essay by Donleavy, "What They Did in Dublin with The Ginger Man (a play)".

The BBC produced a 90-minute made-for-television version of the play, directed by Peter Dews, and aired on 23 March 1962 in the United Kingdom. Ann Bell played Marion Dangerfield, Ronald Fraser as Kenneth O'Keefe, Ian Hendry as Sebastian Balfe Dangerfield, and Margaret Tyzack was Miss Frost.

Donleavy asked director George Roy Hill to film the novel (the two of them, along with Gainor Crist, had been at Trinity together), but Hill felt that he would lose perspective because the project would be too close to his heart and his time as a young man at Trinity.

In 2005 there was reportedly discussion with actor Johnny Depp about starring in a film based on the novel. Rumors of getting the project started surfaced every year or two since 1998, including Depp traveling to Dublin to work on a script with Donleavy, and Depp enlisting Shane MacGowan for a part, but it never seemed to get going. In 2006 it appeared things were taking shape, with Depp selecting a director, Laurence Dunmore (The Libertine). Apparently, interest waned with the success of Pirates of the Caribbean. Depp returned to Ireland to meet with Donleavy again in the summer of 2008. As recently as June 2009, Donleavy was still hopeful that Depp would start the project in earnest.

The book also inspired songs of the same name, the first recorded by Geoff Muldaur, Fritz Richmond, and John Sebastian on the 1964 Elektra The Blues Project (EKL-264). (However, the liner notes for this album indicate that the song was a tribute to Richmond.) A second was written and recorded by Australian singer-songwriter Brian Cadd and was released as the first single from his self-titled debut album, released in October 1972.

title: The Ginger Man


text:
Category talk:Drama

Redundancy with Theatre?
Note that we already have a Category:Theatre. The only possible distinction I can see is that Drama could be for plays as literature rather than productions... but most of the articles we've got aren't really divided up that way, so we'd und up cross-listing almost everything. I've been putting articles in Theatre and leaving this one alone for now. --Hob 13:28, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I would vote to merge the two. Right now, Theatre and Drama are both subcats of Performing Arts, but Theatre is a subcat of Drama (or vice-versa).  Doesn't make sense.  --Ssilvers 01:17, 18 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I might have a go at merging these in the next few days. Any objections, please shout now or forever hold your tongue. Bards 03:20, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Drama refers to a 'social form' (i.e.:"the drama") as well as a genre (from mid-c19th, as opposed to tragedy and comedy). It is usually used to indicate the 'literary' aspects of a theatrical event - the dramatic text. Theatre is the apparatus that supports the realisation of the drama (See Keir Elam, The Semiotics of Theatre and Drama, for example). As such, the apparatus is capable of supporting other forms. Drama in the sense used by ShaunPenton, given on the theatre talk page, is relatively recent (1960s onwards) and arises out of theatre-in-education practice (where children explore self-expression and collaboration through 'drama', without a necessary relationship to a textual framework) (see McCullough, Theatre Praxis, for example). Consequently, Drama ought to be a subcategory of Theatre, which in turn is a Performing Art. That hierarchy / enveloping corresponds to standard critical usage. DionysosProteus 16:05, 5 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Drama


text:
Talk:Mushroom picking in Slavic culture

Why didn't I thought of that before? Great work, two thumbs up! I hope you'll spend some time to correct the cyrillic names, they do not show up properly. Also, would you mind if I added some Polish and Czech names as well? Perhaps we could do a table or set of tables instead of the lists we have now? Halibutt 13:31, Jul 24, 2004 (UTC)

Yea, I was hoping someone would suggest more languages. I was thinking of maybe some sort of reference table, where the paragraphs have numeric references to the table. Any bright ideas? And yes, I have to convert the Cyrillic characters into Unicode at some point, you don't know of any fast way to do it by any chance do you? --Aramgutang 13:37, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Ooooof, I did it, converted all the Russian names into Unicode. Had to write a small PHP script to speed things up :) Let me know if you still have trouble viewing the names. --Aramgutang 15:06, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Nice work! If you're looking for more translations, I could quiz my mother and add some Ukrainian names to the table. —Michael Z. 20:13, 2004 Aug 28 (UTC)

I could add the czech names for mushrooms, if desired. Bodlina, the czech wikipedist, --83.208.83.66 16:59, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Hello, I was very pleased to find this article, since the pastime of mushroom picking is virtually unknown in the States. However, the article claims to talk about the culture of mushroom picking, but most of it appeared to me to be a discussion of the various types of mushrooms. As far as culture is concerned, perhaps quoting some pieces of literature would be appropriate? If am not mistaken, there is a mushroom-picking scene in Adam Mickiewicz's epic poem "Pan Tadeusz" that describes 19th century Polish nobility going mushroom picking.

 * Sorry if the information is not fully satisfactory, that's all I know on the subject :) I know there isn't that much on culture, but the point is that the mushroom descriptions are meant to be interpreted as if written from a Slavic viewpoint, and is basically common knowledge in Slavic countries that has been passed down by generations. The thing is, I had never encountered the information in English, and I felt that an English version of the knowledge was needed, so I wrote it. Also note the quote "this page is also intended to serve as a reference for interpreting Russian mycology-related information" in the article. You are welcome to add any literature quotes you like. --Aramգուտանգa|  03:29, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Cutting mushrooms is wrong
Literature and picking guides also frequently offer reminders to always cut a mushroom with a blade, rather than pulling it out, and to never kick or otherwise destroy mushrooms one does not want, thus preserving the forest ecosystem.

Experienced mushroom pickers never cut them with a blade! They rather grab it at the base with their hand and gently screw them out of the ground. If they take the blade for mushuoom picking, it is used only for cleaning or checking for worms inside mushroom. Cutting with the blade could be possibly dangerous for the whole fungus, since the remaining part of the leg (or trunk: don't know the words) of basidiocarp may rot. To put it in short words: don't pull out, dont kick, dont cut, but screw. I'd edit that myself, but I don't trust my English skills :) A.J. 18:11, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Do you know that...
...for now Polish wiki does't have a article about mushroom picking? It's time to create one! :) A.J. 18:20, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Ummm, I'm no mycologist, but from the little I know I don't think that the removal of the fruiting body (visible mushroom part) is going to 'kill' the organism..

- Micah

Micah is correct. In fact, ITS BETTER to cut the fruitbody from the mycelial mass than tearing chunks of it out. Leftover stems and butts are 100% mycelium and simply comvert back to their natural vegetative state; they don't rot or decay. One has to remember that mushrooms are just the reproductive spore producing "Fruit"-body and the main organism is the mass underground. Pulling out - some species are tenaciously attached - creates craters in this mass and invites competitors -thus threatening the life of the over all organism. I believe that the "twist and pull" method was perpetuated by the fact that some very poisonous mushrooms resemble edible one differing only in the vulva cap at the base of the stipe (stem). These often remain underneath the soil so people were probably advised to pull out the entire mushroom to be sure that the specimen did/didn't have this distinguishing feature. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.235.122.43 (talk) 02:33, 4 February 2013 (UTC)

NPOV ??
The following:

''The knowledge for identifying edible mushrooms is usually passed on through generations, however is usually far from sufficient to reliably avoid mushroom poisoning according to Western standards. On the contrary, Western views on mushroom hunting are often viewed as overly paranoid by most Slavic societies, and sometimes ridiculed.''

Seems a bit biased to me.

1.What sources claim that the knowledge for identifying is far from sufficient in Slavic countries? 2.What exactly are Western standards? 3.Last time I checked Slavic countries are a part of the so-called 'Western Culture'. Whilst I see the distinction you are trying ti make, I think that it should be worded differently. 4.Western views ridiculed in Slavic countries? Sources? Family fables don't count. ;) Chelman 10:05, 31 October 2005 (UTC)

I think the wording was just unfortunate, and have made an attempt to improve it (though I left the word "Western" intact -- feel free to rework that). The standard used in most American mycological societies is that if you can't identify to species, you have no business eating the mushroom; none of my Russian friends or relatives would be so exacting, and they find the whole idea of an organized "society" of mushroom enthusiasts funny (one of the many mushroom-related things they laugh at us about). Also, the mantra "if in doubt, throw it out" would more likely be rendered by a Slavic collector as: "if in doubt, but it isn't anything that will kill you, and if it looks and smells edible, then try a little bit of it". Keno 21:54, 22 Feb 2006 (UTC)

 * the "sometimes ridiculed" part is certainly true. I'm from the Czech republic, so I know it. The image of a foreigner, hunting mushrooms laden with books, trying to identify each single mushroom he sees is the source of many jokes here, believe me. Bodlina, the czech wikipedist, --83.208.83.66 16:57, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

I think the NPOV issue is closed here, so I've taken the liberty of removing the template. sconzey 23:12, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

The NPOV was recently re-added, and I support that. In fact, I'm going to re-add it. There are so many wrong things about this article that I don't know where to start. Nothing is referenced or sourced, it's all original research WP:OR. The russian translations are unnecessary cultural bias, and the article reads like an editorial field guide WP:NOT. This article should be merged with the main article and condensed in a subsection. The rest should be either thrown away or blended in the main article without cultural bias, as most of this article applies universally. The funniest thing (thankfully it has been removed) was the caption of the picture, "Polish mushroom". Give me a break! PizzaMargherita 22:37, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Gimme a Break
Here's what I did: 1)took out extra-long descriptions of mushrooms. this is an article about mushroom picking in slavic countries, NOT an article about fungus groups. 2)settled controversy with whether or not cutting mushrooms is wrong. either way, slavs DO cut mushrooms with knifes. it goes in the article.

This article should be merged
Hi! I don't know what is a template. But I think, that this article should be merged with Mushroom hunting. I'm russian and I don't see the differences between picking of mushrooms here, and hunting for them at West. Dims 02:13, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Why merge it? The point is not the distinction between picking and hunting, but the fact that this article focuses on the activity/tradition in Slavic cultures. Alexander 007 05:21, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

 * So, let us add articles "diving in Slavic culture", "skating in Slavic culture", "football in Slavic culture", etc. Why not? You devise theories about mysterious russian soul yourself and then trying to unriddle it. But the secret is that it is no secret at all! We hunt mushrooms as others do. Uff! :) In any case, even if article is culturological, it should be renamed "mushroom hunting in slavic countries". Excuse my English. Dims 21:51, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree, most of this article is not specific to Slavic cultures at all! It looks more like an unnecessary fork. PizzaMargherita 06:00, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I tend towards keep separate but both need a substantial rewrite to highlight differences.Cas Liber 04:14, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * There's hardly any useful any encyclopaedic information in the other article. Let's merge as mushroom picking. Bendž|Ť 08:38, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I am kind of bored of dealing with high POV-laden issues as Nordic race, Historical Persecution by Christians or Nazi occultism. I've got some experience on this, soi merging and a little clean up shouldn't take too long. Zara1709 (talk) 11:09, 21 March 2008 (UTC)

Full Moon
Does anyone know if there is any truth in the belief that mushrooms grow most at full moon? Is there any rational explantion?

 * It seems to me, that it is not truth. Moon was often used as natural calendar for agricultural and hunting purpuses. Also, moon is natural source of light. So, some moon-based rule may was derived for mushrooms, but then detailes was forgotten and the rule was degenerated to simple full moon statement. Dims 21:55, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

do so at your own risk
I feel inclined to remove the last paragraph from the intro because it's redundant with the General disclaimer; and Medical disclaimer and Risk disclaimer. If noone objects, I'll make the change. See also: No disclaimer templates (while this paragraph is not a template, it works like a disclamer template). --Zoz (t) 16:45, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

Poisonous together with edible ?!
I think we should add sign to the lines of poisonous (only poisonous to Slavs :), not in Western sense). My hairs lifted when i saw Бледная поганка in a section titled Commonly collected mushrooms! --80.92.251.242 17:30, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Again: what is the difference between western and eastern sense of poisonousness??? Some objects are suitable for food, some are not. It is common for all humankind! Dims 21:58, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree, this article is a piece of cultural bias. PizzaMargherita 06:01, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Poisonous vs non-poisonous isn't always clear cut.
 * Some mushrooms (Lactarius Necator comes to mind) are nowadays suspected of being mutagenic. They are edible if you blanch them well and don't eat too much. Whether that's poisonous or not is a bit of a matter of opinion.
 * As the article mentions there are species that will give most people an upset stomach if you eat too much of them. A lot of genus lactarius are bitter or peppery; a little is good eats, too much gives you what amounts to a food poisoning.
 * Is alcohol poisonous? A handful of habaneros can kill you, are those poisonous?
 * See also the lead in the article on poison. It's not as simple as "poison" vs "non-poison". Weregerbil 13:28, 8 September 2006 (UTC)

I agree, what makes a mushroom poisonous is not very clear, and sometimes diferent varieties of what was considered a species or group can be distinguished. Mushrooms in diferent climates and soils will have diferent tastes and properties like Lactarius deliciosus in France or in Catalonia. Last month a man died in france for eating a mushroom that people here in catalunya eaten frequently and is a known edible mushroom. And about the long descriptions, it seems to me that descriptions passed down by oral tradition is part of the popular culture, even though they might seem to pertain more to the scientific sphere then the cultural sphere. And anyhow, though I understand the distinction, science is culture. Not only literature in the traditional sense is culture. But I dont know how relevant that is.

The issue is that similar (or identical) looking fungi in different countries may infact vary widely in their edibility.Cas Liber 03:40, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Mushroom picking among Ukrainian diaspora
I can vouch for this article and say mushroom picking is a favorite activity in my family in SE Saskatchewan. We don't use guidebooks, it is all passed on in an oral tradition... and I am 4th generation Ukrainian-Canadian. Additionally, is there a reason why Ukraine is omitted from the listed countries? Another tangent for exploration in this article might include folk medicinal properties of mushrooms. --70.64.11.84 17:19, 6 December 2006 (UTC) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 70.64.11.84 (talk) 17:19, 6 December 2006 (UTC).

Merge
I feel a merge with Mushroom hunting is long overdue. This page contains nothing that could not be summed up in a section on the main mushroom hunting page. It looks like others have agreed but no one has taken the initiative to make the merge happen. I plan on revamping the main page as it is in need of some serious work. If no one objects I will merge the page in the next couple of days. --Daniel J. Leivick (talk) 22:39, 24 December 2007 (UTC)
 * My feeling is that the topic is deserving of a separate article. While the article has some serious problems - notably a shortage of discussion of the actual culture of mushrooming - it is without a doubt a significant and widespread feature of many Slavic cultures.  Aside from being an extremely widespread activity, mushroom picking recurs consistently in literature, paintings, songs, popular culture of Eastern Europe to an extent that I, at least, have not witnessed even in those Western European cultures which lack the fungophobia of the English-speaking world, such as Italy or Southern France.  If Wikipedia is large enough to support an entire WikiProject devoted to the arguably much more fringe phenomenon of Furry Fandom, surely it can bear the weight of an activity that inspired some of the finest writing and significant leisure time of Alexander Pushkin, Adam Mickiewicz, Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov, Vladimir Nabokov, Milan Kundera, as well as countless millions of their respective compatriots.  That said, the article definitely needs a shift in emphasis from a redundant listing of species to examples, data and discussion on the cultural phenomenon.   Eliezg (talk) 11:15, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Agree. Good way of putting it. Tricky as there are only a very few editors working on fungi at present, so it may be a while..cheers, Casliber (talk · contribs) 11:55, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

Wow.
Ok, I'll just be repeating stuff that's been said before on this talk page, but the opening... Wow. "The Slavic way"? "Slavic literature"? Field guides are frowned upon and basically unnecesary, since mushroom picking is taught in the family, but the last sentence still makes reference to literature and picking guides?

You do realize you're talking about a huge landmass and various diverse groups of population when you frivoulosly throw around expressions like "the Slavic way"? I'm from Slovenia, and my family's been picking mushrooms since forever. I do it, too. We don't use a field guide, but then, we've narrowed down the selection of mushrooms we pick to something like 10 of the best types of mushrooms we can find (mostly boleti and catharelli), so we don't need one at hand; but we do have many in our home library. I haven't made any comparisons between "Western field guides" and "Slavic field guides", but a lot of the mushrooms in our field guides are marked as poisonous. As a kid, I have been taught not to even touch mushrooms if I didn't know for sure what they were. My parents are members of the local mushroom picking club, one of many. And all of the above is pretty commonplace in Slovenia (and, as far as I know, in neighbouring Croatia, too).

Last time I checked, Slovenia was a Slavic country. So whatever happened to the Slavic way here?

My point: saying there is a "Slavic way" and "Western way" of picking mushrooms is ridiculous. I'm sure there are cultural differences from country to country, but labeling them with a broad label such as "Slavic" or "Western" is inaccurate, to say the least. I say merge this article into mushroom hunting.TomorrowTime (talk) 13:01, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

The ART of collecting mushrooms
To my point of view, this article is more about the 'art' and tradition of collecting mushrooms, rather than the simple activity of mushroom hunting to grab some mushrooms to eat. I would be interested in seeing an addition (here) where folks can share information about what the tradition is called in their culture. For example, I remember reading something in a work by Nabokov, where he spoke of the art and tradition of hunting mushrooms in his family and how he used to go with his mother when he was a boy. There was a specific name for this activity and I've tried to locate it in the past few years, but I've been unable to. I was trying to explain to some friends of mine, that there are actually names for 'the art of gathering mushrooms' in different cultures, not just 'mushroom hunting', but I wasn't able to share that key bit of information. It's the difference between a Japanese Tea Ceremony and simply 'drinking tea'. I find it fascinating, although I WOULD suggest a change in the name of this page from 'Mushroom Picking in Slavic Culture' to 'The Art of Collecting (or hunting/picking?) Mushrooms'. :) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Syberchick70 (talk • contribs) 16:17, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mushroom picking in Slavic culture


text:
The Book of Heroic Failures

The Book of Heroic Failures, written by Stephen Pile in 1979, is a book written in celebration of human inadequacy in all its forms. Entries include William McGonagall, a notoriously bad poet, and Teruo Nakamura, a soldier of the Imperial Japanese Army who fought for Japan in World War II until 1974.

The original edition included an application to become a member of the Not Terribly Good Club of Great Britain; however, this was taken out in later editions because the club received over 20,000 applications and closed in 1979 on the grounds that, "Even as failures, we failed" (but not before Pile himself had been expelled from it for publishing a bestseller ). The American version of the book was misprinted by the publishers, who left out half the introduction. As a consequence, later versions of the book came out with an erratum slip longer than the entire introduction. In his second book, The Return of Heroic Failures, published in 1988, Stephen Pile reports that Taiwanese pirates were not aware of this and did not include the erratum slip. The second book was published in the USA under the title Cannibals in the Cafeteria.

The second book came out in Greece in 1992, despite the first book not being released in the country. In fact, this second book was named "Η ΤΕΧΝΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΠΟΤΥΧΙΑΣ No1" (The Art of Failure No. 1). A small erratum slip in the book itself explains that it was a mistake. In an interview with English Radio DJ Andrew Marshall, Pile said "The Book is one of the least successful books ever issued in the USA, I don't think it has reached double figures there as yet and long may that remain the case."

In 1999, Penguin made the decision to re-publish the book as part of their "Penguin Readers" series to encourage reading from a young age.

A third volume, The Ultimate Book of Heroic Failures, was published by Faber and Faber in 2011, and a selection from the first two volumes (the author's last ever word on the subject of heroic failure ) was published in 2012.

Notable failures by chapter
The World of Work
 * Daniel Price (priest)
 * Tommy Cooper
 * Francis Webb (engineer)
 * William Stern (businessman)
 * MV Argo Merchant
 * Mariner 1
 * Edsel
 * Caproni Ca.90

Off Duty
 * English as She Is Spoke
 * Arthur Paul Pedrick
 * Robert South
 * Jude the Apostle
 * George Plimpton

Law and Order
 * James Berry (executioner)
 * Joseph Samuel

Playing the Game
 * Thomas Birch
 * Maurice Flitcroft
 * The Boat Race 1912
 * Rafael Gómez Ortega
 * Beltrán Alfonso Osorio, 18th Duke of Alburquerque
 * Horatio Bottomley

The Cultural Side of Things
 * Florence Foster Jenkins
 * Portsmouth Sinfonia
 * William McGonagall
 * Julia A. Moore
 * George Wither
 * Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
 * Wicked Bible
 * World Government Party
 * John Warburton (officer of arms)
 * Person from Porlock
 * Le Bateau
 * Robert Coates (actor)

War and Peace
 * Ambrose Burnside
 * Antonio López de Santa Anna
 * Anglo-Zanzibar War
 * Hiroo Onoda
 * Teruo Nakamura
 * HMS Trinidad (46)
 * Mitrailleuse
 * Sticky bomb
 * Lunge mine
 * Anti-tank dog
 * USS Swordfish (SSN-579)

The Business of Politics
 * Charles D. B. King
 * Assassination attempts on Fidel Castro

Love and Marriage
 * Augustus II the Strong

The Art of Being Wrong
 * Dionysius Lardner
 * The Beatles' Decca audition
 * John Sedgwick

Books

 * Published in the USA as
 * , a selection from the first two volumes.
 * , a selection from the first two volumes.
 * , a selection from the first two volumes.

title: The Book of Heroic Failures


text:
Jonathan Rhys Meyers

Jonathan Rhys Meyers (born Jonathan Michael Francis O'Keeffe; 27 July 1977) is an Irish actor. He is known for his roles in the films Michael Collins (1996), Velvet Goldmine (1998), Titus (1999), Bend It Like Beckham (2002), Alexander (2004), Match Point (2005), Mission: Impossible III (2006) and his television roles as Elvis Presley in the biographical miniseries Elvis (2005), for which he won a Golden Globe Award and earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination, as King Henry VIII in the historical drama The Tudors (2007–10), which earned him two Golden Globe Award nominations, and in the NBC drama series Dracula (2013–14) as the title character. He also starred as Bishop Heahmund, a character inspired by the Catholic Saint of the same name, in the History Channel television series Vikings.

Meyers has continued to star in other films, such as Albert Nobbs in 2011. In 2013, Meyers appeared as the villain Valentine Morgenstern in The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones, based on Cassandra Clare's novel, City of Bones; he appeared in the 2015 film Stonewall, directed by Roland Emmerich; in 2017, he starred in The 12th Man; and in 2018 he won the Best Actor award at the Manchester Film Festival for his starring role in Damascus Cover. In 2020, he was listed as number 44 on The Irish Times’ list of Ireland's greatest film actors.

Meyers has been the face of several Hugo Boss advertising campaigns. He has also been involved in several charitable causes, including the Hope Foundation and the children's charity Barretstown. Meyers is married to Mara Lane, and they have one son together.

Early life
Meyers was born on 27 July 1977 in Dublin, Ireland the first of four boys for Geraldine (née Myers; 1957–2007) and folk musician John O'Keeffe, and brought up in County Cork. His family is Catholic, and his three younger brothers are professional musicians. He attended North Monastery Christian Brothers School.

After being expelled from North Monastery for truancy, he spent much of his time working and socialising in pool halls. Casting agents looking for Irish boys to appear in War of the Buttons spotted him at a Cork pool hall, the Victoria Sporting Club, and invited him to audition. Although passed over for War of the Buttons, the casting agents encouraged him to pursue a career in acting.

Early work (1994–2004)
O'Keeffe adopted the stage name Jonathan Rhys Meyers because he thought his real name was boring. His first acting role came in the film, A Man of No Importance (1994). In 1996, he appeared in Michael Collins, as the Anti-Treaty IRA sniper who kills the title character. He played a David Bowie-inspired glam rock star in Velvet Goldmine (1998). He appeared in B. Monkey (a British-American 1998 neo-noir crime film directed by Michael Radford) as Bruno, a small-time petty thief/criminal. In 1999, he appeared in Ride with the Devil as psychopathic Bushwhacker Pitt Mackeson, and in Titus as the sadistic Goth prince Chiron. He starred as Steerpike in the BBC's Gormenghast (2000); played a dedicated girls' football coach in Bend It Like Beckham (2002); played in Vanity Fair (2004) opposite Reese Witherspoon; and co-starred in 2004 in Oliver Stone's epic Alexander in which he played Cassander.

Breakthrough with Match Point and The Tudors (2005–2017)
The following year Meyers starred in Woody Allen's drama Match Point (2005), for which he received a Chopard Trophy at the Cannes Film Festival, and in the CBS 4-hour mini-series Elvis (2005) as Elvis Presley alongside Randy Quaid as Colonel Tom Parker, but did not sing for his role in the miniseries. The latter earned him an Emmy nomination and a Golden Globe win. In 2006, he appeared in Mission: Impossible III.

He starred in the CBC/Showtime co-production The Tudors (2007) as Henry VIII. He was nominated for the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Television Drama in 2007 for the role.

Subsequent projects include August Rush (2007). In 2008, he appeared in The Children of Huang Shi, and in 2010, Shelter and From Paris with Love.

In 2011, he starred as Solal in Belle du Seigneur, an English language film adaptation of Albert Cohen's novel Belle du Seigneur. The film was released in Russia on 29 November 2012 and in France on 19 June 2013 after premiering at the Champs Elysees Film Festival.

In 2013, Meyers was cast as Dracula in NBC's television series Dracula alongside Oliver Jackson-Cohen and Jessica De Gouw. It was also announced in May 2013 that Meyers was to participate in the recording of his brothers' album entitled Blossom, which was released on 21 April 2014.

On 23 October 2014, he received The Irish Post Legend Award at the London Hilton on Park Lane in recognition of his remarkable achievements in Film & Television over the previous 20 years.

In 2017, He starred in the movie Black Butterfly and was nominated for Best supporting Actor at the Madrid International Festival. Meyers later reunited with Michael Hirst and starred as Bishop Heahmund in the television series Vikings.

Independent films and varied roles (2018–present)
Meyers played the lead in the spy thriller Damascus Cover, based on the novel by Howard Kaplan. It premiered on 23 September 2017, at the Boston Film Festival and was released on July 20, 2018 by Vertical Entertainment. he won the best actor award at Boston and Manchester International Festival

Meyers portrays Patrick Pearse, a political activist and one of the leaders of the bloody 1916 Irish Easter Rising, in the centennial commemoration biopic film The Rising, written and produced by Kevin McCann.

In 2020, Meyers played in Edge of the World, a biographical picture of the British explorer Sir James Brooke, as well as the lead role in the movie American Nights, a neo-noir thriller co-starring Emile Hirsch, Paz Vega, and Jeremy Piven.

In 2021, he starred as Shiro in Yakuza Princess, a Brazilian action thriller film directed by Vicente Amorim based on the graphic novel Samurai Shiro by Danilo Beyruth. He also starred in the horror-thriller Hide and Seek.

In 2022, he starred in The Good Neighbour and Wifelike.

In 2023, he starred in the thriller "Disquiet" with Rachelle Goulding. Meyers also starred in the hijacking thriller film 97 Minutes, directed by Timo Vuorensola.

Music
A self-taught singer and guitarist, Meyers has appeared in a number of musical roles. His first such role was as "Brian Slade" in Velvet Goldmine; two of the songs he sang ("Baby's on Fire" and "Tumbling Down") are on the film's soundtrack. He sang briefly in the television mini-series version of The Magnificent Ambersons, performed in studio scenes of the miniseries Elvis and played the flute in Gormenghast.

In the 2007 music drama August Rush, he performed on-screen as singer-songwriter Louis Connelly and is credited for four songs on the soundtrack – "Break", "Moondance", "Something Inside" and "This Time". Of the four, "This Time" and "Break" were considered in the Best Original Song category of the 80th Academy Awards. "This Time" was not released as a single but peaked at number 84 in the Canadian Hot 100.

Upcoming projects
In 2022, it was revealed that he would be joining the cast of the thriller Altitude.

Relationships and family
For a year in the late 1990s, Meyers dated his Velvet Goldmine co-star, Toni Collette.

From 2004 until 2012, he was in a relationship with Reena Hammer, daughter of makeup artist Ruby Hammer.

On 20 November 2007, his mother, Mary Geraldine O'Keeffe, died at Mercy University Hospital, Cork, aged 51, following a short, undisclosed illness.

On 30 June 2011 it was reported that he was taken to hospital by ambulance after a suspected suicide attempt. In 2016, a second attempt was suspected when paramedics, responding to an emergency call, found him slumped on the floor. Anonymous sources variously claimed and denied that Meyers intended to take his own life.

During 2016, he married Mara Lane. Their son was born in December 2016. In September 2017, Lane revealed that she had miscarried a second child.

In 2019, Meyers credited his family, and fatherhood in particular, with making him the happiest he has ever been: "Once you have your first child, you become the past. We're all busy giving out to ourselves and driving ourselves forward. A child gives you a new perspective on life."

In 2022 he listed his Nichols Canyon home in Los Angeles for sale. It was reported that the home had previously been listed for sale and was made available as a rental property until 2012 when it was listed for $1.6 million and again in 2018 it was offered for $1.795 million. The 2022 listing has the home for sale at $1.85 million.

Issues with alcohol
In 2007, Meyers' representative confirmed that Meyers had entered an alcohol-treatment programme.

In November 2007, he was arrested at Dublin Airport for intoxication and disturbing the peace.

In 2009, he was detained in Paris by French police for allegedly assaulting an airport lounge employee while drunk.

In 2010, at John F. Kennedy International Airport, he verbally abused and used racist language against airline staff and officials, who had refused him access to the boarding area after he had become intoxicated in the first-class lounge. He was banned by United Airlines as a result.

His representative confirmed Meyers was receiving treatment again in 2010. In November 2011, he was ordered by a French court to pay restitution of €1,000 and was given a judgment of a suspended sentence for public intoxication 24 months earlier.

After his wife suffered a miscarriage in 2017, Meyers relapsed at Dublin Airport.

In 2018, he broke his sobriety on a flight, resulting in a dispute with his wife at Los Angeles International Airport. In an interview with Larry King later that year, Meyers addressed the incident, stating "... I shouldn't drink. It doesn't suit me and I had been sober for a long time." He insisted that he had learned his lesson and was sober again.

Meyers crashed his car in Malibu, California, in November 2020. Responding police discovered he was intoxicated after a field test was performed and he was charged with two drunk driving offences. Court documents obtained by TMZ showed that he received a $500 fine and an order to attend alcohol and counselling programmes as part of his agreeing to the court's plea deal. He was further ordered to undergo a 12-month summary probation with no jail time, provided that he did not break the law during that period.

Honours
On 5 October 2008, Meyers received an Honorary Patronage from the Trinity College Philosophical Society in Dublin.

In 2014, he was honoured at The Irish Post Awards by the presentation of the Legend Award for his contributions to the film and entertainment industry.

Charity work
In February 2008, Meyers was named the ambassador for the Hope Foundation, a charity formed in his native Cork to support the street children of Calcutta.

He is also an ambassador for the Irish children’s charity Barretstown which supports children affected by serious illness. In 2019, he and fellow actor Aidan Gillen helped launch Barretstown's new Press Play campaign which aimed to raise additional funds to serve more children and their families.

title: Jonathan Rhys Meyers


text: Category:Recorder players

title: Category:Recorder players


text:
Joseph Wright

Joseph Wright may refer to:

 * Joseph Wright of Derby (1734–1797), English painter
 * Joseph Wright (American painter) (1756–1793), American portraitist
 * Joseph Wright (fl. 1837/1845), whose company, Messrs. Joseph Wright and Sons, became the Metropolitan Railway Carriage and Wagon Company Ltd
 * Joseph A. Wright (1810–1867), governor of Indiana
 * Joseph Wright (architect) (1818–1885), English architect
 * Joseph Wright (greyhound trainer) (1824–1908)
 * Joseph Farrall Wright (1827–1883), Anglican priest and founder of English football club Bolton Wanderers
 * Joseph Wright (linguist) (1855–1930), English philologist
 * Joseph Wright (rower) (1864–1950), Canadian rower
 * Joseph C. Wright (1892–1985), American art director
 * Joseph Wright Jr. (rower) (1906–1981), Canadian rower
 * Joe Wright (rugby league) (Joseph Wright, 1908–1967), English rugby league footballer
 * Joe Wright (businessman) (Joseph R. Wright, born 1938), director of the United States Office of Management and Budget
 * Joseph Wright (illustrator) (1947–2017), English illustrator and cartoonist
 * Joseph Wright (Mississippi politician) (1952–2022), American politician

title: Joseph Wright


text:
Jan Gossaert

Jan Gossaert (c. 1478 – 1 October 1532) was a French-speaking painter from the Low Countries also known as Jan Mabuse (the name he adopted from his birthplace, Maubeuge) or Jennyn van Hennegouwe (Hainaut), as he called himself when he matriculated in the Guild of Saint Luke, at Antwerp, in 1503. He was one of the first painters of Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting to visit Italy and Rome, which he did in 1508–09, and a leader of the style known as Romanism, which brought elements of Italian Renaissance painting to the north, sometimes with a rather awkward effect. He achieved fame across at least northern Europe, and painted religious subjects, including large altarpieces, but also portraits and mythological subjects, including some nudity.

From at least 1508 he was apparently continuously employed, or at least retained, by quasi-royal patrons, mostly members of the extended Habsburg family, heirs to the Valois Duchy of Burgundy. These were Philip of Burgundy, Adolf of Burgundy, Christian II of Denmark when in exile, and Mencía de Mendoza, Countess of Nassau, third wife of Henry III of Nassau-Breda.

He was a contemporary of Albrecht Dürer and the rather younger Lucas van Leyden, whom he knew, but he has tended to be less highly regarded in modern times than they were. Unlike them, he was not a printmaker, though his surviving drawings are very fine, and are preferred by some to his paintings.

Biography
His name was in fact "Jan Gossart", and he was so known in his lifetime; the Dutch version "Gossaert" crept into later sources, despite Gossart's first language being French. Little is known of his early life. One of his earliest biographers, Karel van Mander, claimed he was from a small town in Artois or Henegouwen (County of Hainaut) called Maubeuge or Maubuse. Other scholars have determined he was the son of a bookbinder who received his training at Maubeuge Abbey, while the RKD mentions there is evidence to support a claim that he was born in Duurstede Castle. He is registered in the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1503.

In 1508-9 he travelled to Rome, either in the company of, or later sent by, Philip of Burgundy, an illegitimate son of Duke Philip the Good, who was sent as ambassador to Pope Julius II by Philip the Handsome. Philip's party, very likely including Gossaert, left the Netherlands in October 1508, arrived in Rome on 14 January 1509, and was back at The Hague by 28 June 1509. Although the details are unclear, it seems that Gossaert remained in Philip's employment until he died in 1524, by then Bishop of Utrecht. However, throughout this time he was able to work for other patrons, mostly friends of Philip.

In 1509–17 Gossaert was registered as a resident of Middelburg. According to Van Mander he was one of the first Flemish artists to bring back the Italian manner of painting with much nudity in historical allegories. From 1517 to 1524 he is registered at Duurstede Castle where according to the RKD, he had Jan van Scorel as pupil. From 1524 onwards he returned to Middelburg as court painter to Adolf of Burgundy, another Habsburg relative. Jan Mertens the Younger was another pupil.

He was a contemporary of Lucas van Leyden, and was influenced by artists who came before him, such as Rogier van der Weyden, the great master of Tournai and Brussels and, like him, his compositions were usually framed in architectural backgrounds.

Works
Gossaert shows Antwerp influence in the large altar-pieces previously located at Castle Howard and Scawby. At Scawby he illustrates the legend of the count of Toulouse, who parted with his worldly goods to assume the frock of a hermit. His altarpiece of the Descent from the Cross with heavy double doors in Middelburg was admired by Albrecht Dürer before the church itself was hit by lightning. This is possibly the work now in the Hermitage, though Van Mander stated the lightning destroyed it and describes another Descent of the Cross in the possession of Mr. Magnus of Delft in 1604. At Castle Howard, the Earl of Carlisle had obtained The Adoration of the Kings previously created for the Grandmontines, which throws together some thirty figures on an architectural background, varied in detail, massive in shape and fanciful in ornament. This painting is now on display at the National Gallery, which bought it in 1911. Gossaert surprises the viewer with pompous costume and flaring contrasts of tone. His figures, like pieces on a chess-board, are often rigid and conventional. The landscape which shows through the colonnades is adorned with towers and steeples in the minute fashion of Van der Weyden. After a residence of a few years at Antwerp, Gossaert took service with Philip of Burgundy, bastard of Philip the Good, at that time lord of Somerdyk and admiral of Zeeland. One of his pictures had already become celebrated: a Descent from the Cross (50 figures), on the high altar of Tongerlo Abbey.

Philip of Burgundy ordered Gossaert to execute a replica for the church of Middelburg, and the value which was then set on the picture is apparent from the fact that Dürer came expressly to Middelburg (1521) to see it. In 1568 the altarpiece perished by fire. In 1508 Gossaert accompanied Philip of Burgundy on his Italian mission to the pope, and by this accident an important revolution was effected in the art of the Netherlands. Gossaert appears to have chiefly studied in Italy the cold and polished works of the Leonardesques. He not only brought home a new style, but he also introduced the fashion of travelling to Italy; and from that time until the age of Rubens and Van Dyck it was considered proper that all Flemish painters should visit the peninsula. The Flemings grafted Italian mannerisms on their own stock, and the cross turned out so unfortunately that for a century Flemish art lost all trace of originality.

Gossaert undoubtedly made a large number of drawings in Rome after the innumerable ancient ruins and sculptures that the city had. Today only four surviving magazines are known; a sheet with the ruins of the Colosseum (Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett), a study of the so-called Apollo Kitharoedos (Venice, Accademia), a study of the so-called Capitolean Hercules (Private collection, London), and a sheet with studies of, among others, the famous Spinario or "thorn extractor" (Leiden, Leiden University Library's Print Room).

In the summer of 1509 Philip returned to the Netherlands, and, retiring to his seat of Suytburg in Zeeland, surrendered himself to the pleasures of planning decorations for his castle and ordering pictures of Gossaert and Jacopo de' Barbari. Being in constant communication with the court of Margaret of Austria at Mechelen, he gave the artists in his employ fair chances of promotion. Barbari was made court painter to the regent, while Gossaert received less important commissions. Records prove that Gossaert painted a (posthumous) portrait of Eleanor of Portugal, and other small pieces, for Charles V in 1516.

But his only signed pictures of this period are the Neptune and Amphitrite of 1516 at Berlin, and the Madonna, with a portrait of Jean Carondelet of 1517, at the Louvre, both of which suggest that Vasari only spoke by hearsay of the progress made by Gossaert in the true method of producing pictures full of mythological nude figures and poesies. It is difficult to find anything more coarse or misshapen than the Amphitrite, unless it is the grotesque and ungainly drayman who figures for Neptune. In later forms of the same subject—the Adam and Eve at Hampton Court, or its feebler replica at Berlin and Venus and Amor (Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels)—there is more nudity, combined with realism of the commonest type.

Happily, Gossaert was capable of higher efforts. His St Luke painting the portrait of the Virgin in Sanct Veit at Prague, a variety of the same subject in the Belvedere at Vienna, the Madonna of the Baring collection in London, or the numerous repetitions of Christ and the scoffers (Ghent and Antwerp), all prove that travel had left many of Gossaert's fundamental peculiarities unaltered. His figures still retain the character of stone; his architecture is as rich and varied, his tones are as strong as ever. But bright contrasts of gaudy tints are replaced by soberer greys; and a cold haze, the sfumato of the Milanese, pervades the surfaces. It is but seldom that these features fail to obtrude. When they least show, the master displays a brilliant palette combined with smooth surface and incisive outlines. In this form the Madonnas of Munich and Vienna (1527), the likeness of a girl weighing gold pieces (Berlin), and the portraits of the children of the king of Denmark at Hampton Court, are fair specimens of his skill.

As early as 1523, when Christian II of Denmark came to the Netherlands, he asked Gossaert to paint the likenesses of his dwarfs. In 1528 he requested the artist to furnish to Jean de Hare the design for his queen Isabellas tomb in the abbey of St Pierre near Ghent. It was no doubt at this time that Gossaert completed the portraits of John, Dorothy and Christine, children of Christian II, which came into the collection of Henry VIII. No doubt, also, these portraits are identical with those of three children at Hampton Court, which were long known and often copied as likenesses of Prince Arthur, Prince Henry and Princess Margaret of England. One of the copies at Wilton, inscribed with the forged name of Hans Holbein, ye father, and the false date of 1495, has often been cited as a proof that Gossaert came to England in the reign of Henry VII; but the statement rests on no foundation whatever.

At the period when these portraits were executed Gossaert lived at Middelburg. But he dwelt at intervals elsewhere. When Philip of Burgundy became bishop of Utrecht, and settled at Duurstede Castle, in 1517, he was accompanied by Gossaert, who helped to decorate the new palace of his master. At Philip's death, in 1524, Gossaert designed and erected his tomb in the church of Wijk bij Duurstede. He finally retired to Middelburg, where he took service with Philip's brother, Adolph, lord of Veeren. Carel van Mander's biography accuses Gossaert of an unruly life; yet it describes the solid education he must have had to learn his trade so well. It also describes the splendid appearance of Gossaert, dressed in gold brocade, as he accompanied Lucas van Leyden on a pleasure trip to Ghent, Mechelen and Antwerp in 1527. The works of Gossaert are those of a hardworking and patient artist; the number of his still extant pictures practically demonstrates that he was not a debauchee. The marriage of his daughter with the painter Henry van der Heyden of Leuven suggests that he had a home, and did not live habitually in taverns. His death at Antwerp is recorded in the portrait engraved by Jerome Cock.

title: Jan Gossaert


text:
Talk:Cassandra Claire

Previous discussions have been archived.

 * Archive 1

Actual discussion of the entry

 * I've reverted the addition of various details of Cassandra Claire's fanfiction which I believe to be fancruft, and the merged content from the Very Secret Diaries entry, since at the moment the VfD consideration for this article is unanimous voting to merge this article into the Very Secret Diaries. As per my comment on the VfD page, this article has tended to collect a) fancruft and b) mini-revert wars involving rumors and arguments about bad things which may or may not have been done by Ms. Claire, which now that I think about it are themselves also fancruft. Since Wikipedia is (to my knowledge) not in the business of providing vanity pages to fanfiction writers, but is in the business of including popular Internet memes, I've "unmerged" the VSD entry and removed the detail on specific works of fanfic in the hopes that we can see this page redirected to Very Secret Diaries when the VfD voting ends. Feel free to drop me a personal message through here if you disgaree, but we've been through this cycle many times now of: the article is edited with real but very within-the-fandom content; the article is edited with accusations of terrible behavior on the part of the subject of the article; the changes are reverted; the changes are rereverted; the article is reduced to a stub. Will the circle be unbroken, by and by, by and by? Tromboneborges 03:50, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Why can't we have facts published here, in this article?  Do you think current "redirect" better reflects facts than following version?  http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cassandra_Claire&oldid=33881896   Mitra, 13 June 2006

 * That's not really the issue; the article was AfD'd, and the clear consensus was that the VSDs are notable enough for WP inclusion but that Ms. Claire as a personality is not. Hence the redirect. Tromboneborges 14:13, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I think that's not true. Try google it. About 18,200 for "The Very Secret Diaries" and about 52,800 for "Cassandra Claire".   Mitra, 15 June 2006

 * Google was taken into account in the AfD. It's by no means the only measure of notability. There aren't AFAIK any (long-lived) articles for fanfiction writers, however well known they might be in their community, on WP -- and the AfD supported that indeed, the VSDs are notable as an Internet phenomenon, but Cassandra Claire is not notable simply for being a writer of well-known fanfiction. Tromboneborges 18:57, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Restoration of article
An AfD in July 2005 (see here) voted to make this page into a redirect to The Very Secret Diaries. I disagree with that decision and have restored the page as an actual article. My reasoning is as follows:

 * The decision to redirect to The Very Secret Diaries was reasonably considering the article's content at the time the voting took place since the two pages had essentially the same content. However, the history of Cassandra Claire revealed a more substantive article.
 * Cassandra Claire is clearly a notable author as established by the current version of the article and a Google test.
 * She is not only notable for writing the Very Secret Diaries. The Draco Trilogy is also quite well known as established by the article and a Google test. Her original fiction is also soon to be published by a major publisher.
 * If the two articles should be merged it makes much more sense to redirect The Very Secret Diaries here.
 * The article may well become a target for vandalism or attempts at libel against its subject but that is not a criterion we use when deciding whether to keep articles. We will be able to stay on top of any such actions, I will personally do my best.
 * The original vote largely consisted of new users apparently only interested in this topic.
 * AfD does not have a mandate to irrevocably redirect articles.

I have restored the article and, with User:Arndisdunja's help, expanded it a little. I am going to contact User:BD2412, who closed the AfD at the time, and ask him to review my actions. — Haukur 19:49, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Can you show me a source for the Simon & Schuster deal? bd2412  T 20:02, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes. It's mentioned in the Nouvel Observateur article: I'll explicitly list that as a source. - Haukur 20:09, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, that article doesn't list the title of the trilogy as a whole which User:Arndisdunja added. I suspect the source for that might be CC's blog(s). I'll ask Arndís. - Haukur 20:15, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * It's also here :) Arndisdunja 20:17, 4 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay, I'll add those two links as sources for that paragraph. - Haukur 20:25, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cassandra Claire