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The Shuffle Demons

The Shuffle Demons are a Canadian jazz fusion band from Toronto.

Early career
The band were formed in 1984 by saxophonist Richard Underhill in collaboration with a variety of Toronto-area jazz musicians including Mike Murley, Dave Parker and Stich Wynston. They performed as buskers in the Toronto area before recording the full-length album Streetniks, which was released in 1986.

The band had a surprise Top 40 hit in Canada with their 1986 single "Spadina Bus". The song referred to the Toronto Transit Commission's Spadina Avenue bus in Toronto. The album became the best-selling independent release in Canadian music history as of that time, and was a Juno Award nominee for Best Jazz Album at the Juno Awards of 1987.

"Spadina Bus" was also later used as the theme to CITY-TV's show Speakers' Corner.

The Shuffle Demons released four more albums over the next seven years. They never scored another mainstream pop hit, although the video "Get Out of My House, Roach" received considerable airplay on MuchMusic. They retained a devoted following on the jazz scene, however.

In 1987, they appeared on the children's television program Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show during season four.

Later career and breakup
The group played jazz, folk, world and rock festivals from Halifax to Vancouver and from Italy to Estonia from 1986 – 1997, touring across Canada 15 times and through Europe 15 times. The Shuffle Demons featured a fusion of hard bop and rap combined with exotic costumes and a no-holds-barred performance style. Over the course of 15 European tours they were a hit at several Jazz festivals including the North Sea Jazz, Molde Jazz, London’s Outside In Jazz festival, the Edinburgh Jazz festival, the Sfinks festival, Jazz a Vienne, and FiESTa Internationale in Estonia.

Murley and Vivian left the band in 1989, and were replaced by Perry White and George Koller. Koller left in 1993, and was replaced by Mike Milligan. The following year, Wynston and White left the band, and were replaced by Eric St. Laurent and Greg Smith.

Parker left in 1995. The band subsequently broke up in 1997.

Reformation and international touring
Underhill, Parker, White, Wynston, Koller and Milligan reformed the band in 2004, releasing a new greatest hits CD to coincide with their reunion tour. During the tour, the band also coordinated a successful attempt at a world record for the largest number of people playing saxophone simultaneously. The official Guinness Book of Records count is 900 participants, all playing the theme from Hockey Night in Canada.

The Shuffle Demons continue to tour and performed at festivals in India, China and Europe in 2006 and in Thailand, South Korea and the USA in 2010 with great success. In the summer of 2011, the band performed at the Rochester, NY and Kingston, ON Jazz Festivals, as well as touring Australia and New Zealand.

In 2012, Clusterfunk, their first album of new material in seventeen years, was released. It was recorded and mixed between January and September of the previous year, at Canterbury Music and Inception Sound, both located in Toronto.

Discography

 * Streetniks (1986)
 * Bop Rap (1988)
 * What Do You Want? (1990)
 * Alive in Europe (1992)
 * Extra Crispy (1993)
 * Get Right EP (1995)
 * Greatest Hits (2004)
 * Clusterfunk (2012)
 * Crazy Time (2020)
 * All In (2022)

title: The Shuffle Demons


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Francis Perrin (physicist)

Francis Perrin (17 August 1901 – 4 July 1992) was a French physicist, who worked on nuclear physics, fission and neutrinos. He was the high-commissioner Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (Atomic Energy Commission, CEA) in France and a collaborator of CERN. He was involved in the development of nuclear weapons for France and the cooperation with Israel on nuclear research.

He was the son of Physics Nobel laureate Jean Perrin and the brother-in-law of Pierre Victor Auger.

Physicist
Francis Perrin was born in Paris and attended École Normale Supérieure in Paris. In 1928 he obtained a doctorate in mathematical sciences from the faculté des sciences of Paris, based upon a thesis on Brownian motion and became a faculty member of Collège de France. In 1933, in connection with the neutrino, Francis Perrin estimated that "the mass must be null—or at least small compared to the mass of the electron". Subsequently, he worked at the Collège de France on the fission of uranium. With Frédéric Joliot and his group, he established in 1939 the possibility of nuclear chain reactions and nuclear energy production.

He was professor at the Collège de France in the chair of Atomic and Molecular Physics from 1946 to 1972. He was the French high-commissioner for atomic energy from 1951 to 1970.

Perrin actively supported the project for a European nuclear research centre, and was a signatory for France to the Convention establishing the CERN Provisional Council in February 1952 in Geneva. He was elected vice-president of this council, and remained French delegate on the CERN Council until 1972.

Nuclear High-Commissioner
Named High-Commissioner of the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (Atomic Energy Commission, CEA) in 1951—to replace Frédéric Joliot-Curie dismissed because he was opposed to military research—, Francis Perrin joined a lobby of about a dozen people, composed of politicians like Chaban-Delmas, Bourguès-Maunoury and Félix Gaillard, of military officers, like the generals Ailleret, Gallois, and Crépin, of technocrats like Pierre Guillaumat and Raoul Dautry or of scientists like Yves Rocard and Bertrand Goldschmidt, who revealed themselves to be extremely effective. This lobby imposed on successive governments of the Fourth Republic an intensive research program to permit France to deploy nuclear weapons without any real political control from outside France. Secret departments were made up within the CEA to implement this policy as of 1954. General Charles de Gaulle was informed of the work during his "Crossing of the Desert" (1953/58), in particular by Chaban-Delmas. When de Gaulle returned to power in 1958, the progress of the work was such that the date of the first nuclear test was already fixed at 1960.

In 1986 he stated publicly that in 1949 Israeli scientists were invited to the Saclay Nuclear Research Centre, this cooperation leading to a joint effort including sharing of knowledge between French and Israeli scientists especially those with knowledge from the Manhattan Project.

Personal life
Francis Perrin married Colette Auger, the sister of the physicist Pierre Auger. Francis Perrin was the president of Union des Athées (Union of Atheists) after his resignation from the French atomic energy commission.

Works

 * Etude mathématique du mouvement brownien de rotation (thèse de doctorat) (1928)/A mathematical study of rotation brownian motion
 * La Fluorescence des solutions, induction moléculaire, polarisation et durée d'émission, photochimie (1929)/Solutions fluorescence, molecular induction, polarisation and emission duration, photochemistry
 * Fluorescence (1931)/Fluorescence
 * La dynamique relativiste et l'inertie de l'énergie (1932)/Relativistic dynamics and energy inertia
 * Théorie quantique des transferts d'activation entre molécules de même espèce. Cas des solutions fluorescentes (1932)/Quantum theory of activation transfer between molecules of same species, the case of fluorescent solutions
 * Calcul relatif aux conditions eventuelles de transmutation en chaine de l’uranium (1939)/Calculation relative to eventual conditions of chain transmutation of uranium
 * Traité du calcul des probabilités et de ses applications, avec Émile Borel (1939)/Work on probability calculation and its applications, with Émile Borel
 * Valeurs internationales des sections efficaces des isotopes fissiles pour les neutrons thermiques (1955)/International values of cross sections of fissil isotopes for thermic neutrons
 * L'Euratom (1956)/Euratom
 * Funérailles nationales de Frédéric Joliot (1958)/National obituary of Frederic Joliot
 * Leçon terminale, Chaire de physique atomique et moléculaire (1972)/Terminal lesson, atomic and molecular physics pulpit
 * Écrits de Francis Perrin (1998)/Writings of Francis Perrin

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Francis Perrin (physicist)


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Talk:Baron Leconfield

Untitled
I am researching a Percy H WYNDHAM, born 1833 died 1879, the son of Charles Wyndham who was an ilegitimate son of George O'Brien Wyndham. Charles is described by some historians as "Lord leconfield". How is that possible ?
 * Yes he was an illegitimate son of the last Earl of Egremont but it was George Wyndham who was created Baron Leconfield in 1859 in his own right. In fact his father had four illegitimate children (including Charles and George) by the time he married their mother in 1801. Craigy [[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|15px]] (talk) 03:13, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Baron Leconfield


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Miami Valley

The Miami Valley is the land area surrounding the Great Miami River in southwest Ohio, USA, and includes the Little Miami, Mad, and Stillwater rivers as well. Geographically, it includes Dayton, Springfield, Middletown, Hamilton, and other communities. The name is derived from the Miami Indians.

Commonly, however, it refers to the economic and cultural-social region centered on the Greater Dayton area. Middletown and Hamilton both fall under the economic and cultural-social influence of Cincinnati and thus are not commonly included in this sense. Institutions and enterprises in the Dayton area, such as Miami Valley Career Technology Center, Miami Valley Hospital, Miami Valley Young Marines, Miami Valley Council of the Boy Scouts of America and Miami Valley Storytellers illustrate local usage.

History
During the mid-twentieth century, among the largest employers in the Valley were Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati, Champion Paper and Fiber in Hamilton, Armco in Middletown, and National Cash Register in Dayton.

Counties and cities
Local television stations WDTN, ThinkTV (WPTD and WPTO), WHIO-TV, WKEF and WRGT include the following counties and cities in the cultural Miami Valley:
 * Montgomery County (Dayton)
 * Greene County (Xenia)
 * Preble County (Eaton)
 * Clark County (Springfield)
 * Miami County (Troy)
 * Darke County (Greenville)
 * Champaign County (Urbana)
 * Shelby County (Sidney)
 * Logan County (Bellefontaine)
 * Butler County (Hamilton)
 * Warren County (Lebanon)
 * Wayne County, Indiana (Richmond)
 * Mercer County (Celina)
 * Auglaize County (Wapakoneta)

Additionally, WHIO includes the following locations in its news and weather coverage:
 * Clinton County (Wilmington)
 * Union County, Indiana (Liberty)
 * Randolph County, Indiana (Winchester)

Transit

 * Butler County Regional Transit Authority - Primarily serves Hamilton, Middletown and Oxford
 * Greater Dayton Regional Transit Authority
 * Greene CATS Public Transit - Serves Xenia
 * Rose View Transit - Serves Richmond, IN
 * Springfield City Area Transit

Major highways

 * Interstate 75 - Runs north to south along the valley and through downtown Dayton.
 * Interstate 70 - Traverses the valley from east to west.
 * Interstate 71 - Runs north to south along the eastern half of the Miami Valley.
 * Interstate 675 - Bypasses Dayton from I-75 south of the city to I-70 east of it.
 * U.S. Route 35 - Runs east to west through the Dayton metro area.
 * U.S. Route 68 - Runs north to south through farmlands in the eastern Miami Valley.
 * U.S. Route 127 - Runs north to south through several cities and rural communities in the western Miami Valley.
 * Ohio State Route 129 - Connects Hamilton to I-75.
 * Ohio State Route 49 - Forms a bypass west of Dayton and continues north into Darke County.

Demographics
As Greater Cincinnati grows northward through Butler County, it could conceivably merge with Greater Dayton by 2030, thereby virtually erasing any boundary between the two current Combined Statistical Areas (CSA). As a result, the US Census Bureau could begin reporting the Cincinnati and Dayton metropolitan areas as one by that time, though it would be up to the U.S. Office of Management and Budget to make the merger decision. The new Cincinnati–Dayton metropolitan area would be comparable in size to that of the Orlando–Deltona–Daytona Beach, FL CSA and place it within the top 20 most populous metros in the US, with a population of nearly 3.0 million.

title: Miami Valley


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Dartmouth Skiway

The Dartmouth Skiway is a ski area in the northeastern United States, in Lyme, New Hampshire. Located about twenty minutes northeast of Dartmouth College, it has thirty trails from easiest (green circle) to most difficult (black diamond) on over 100 acre of skiable area.

The mountain
The Dartmouth Skiway has a lift-served summit elevation of 1943 ft above sea level and a base elevation of 975 ft, yielding a vertical drop of 968 ft. Its longest trail is 1.25 mi. There are three lifts which serve the trails at the skiway, including the Winslow Mountain Quad, the Holt's Ledge Double, and the Magic Carpet Beginner Lift. These lifts give the ski area an uphill capacity of 3,300 skiers per hour.

Snowmaking covers about seventy percent of the area with over fifteen snowguns. There is a terrain park located on the Winslow side. The Dartmouth Skiway Ski and Snowboard School has a staff of over 35 instructors. The slopes are patrolled by the Dartmouth Ski Patrol, a joint community and student first aid volunteer organization. The Dartmouth Ski Team hosts the alpine skiing events of the Dartmouth Winter Carnival there annually.

History
Descended from an earlier, smaller operation on nearby Oak Hill in Hanover, the Dartmouth Skiway opened 67.62221596607053 years ago in 1957 with a Pomalift on one peak. For the 1960–61 season, a T-bar was also erected for a novice slope. In 1968, a new trail pod was opened with a double chairlift, located across the street on Winslow Ledge.

In the 1970s and 1980s, many improvements were made to the area, including replacing the Pomalift with a Hall double chairlift and snowmaking installation. In the next ten years a CTEC quad chairlift was installed and the new McLane Family Lodge was constructed, replacing the previous one. Like many other New England ski resorts, it hosts events and functions in the off-season.

Dartmouth Skiway hosted the NCAA Skiing Championships in 1958 and 2003.

title: Dartmouth Skiway


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William Roscoe Estep

William Roscoe Estep (February 12, 1920 – July 14, 2000) was an American Baptist historian and professor. He was an authority on the Anabaptist movement.

Career and life
Estep was professor of Church history emeritus at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary from 1954 until his retirement in 1990, however he continued to teach until 1994. During that time, he wrote numerous works on subjects including Baptist and Anabaptist history, religious liberty and world missions. He also was involved in several church organisations including the American Society of Church History; the Conference on Faith and History (in the capacity of president); Southern Baptist Historical Society; the Texas Baptist Historical Society; and the Historical Committee of the Baptist General Convention of Texas. Estep's most significant contribution was his work on the Anabaptist movement of the 16th century and he wrote several books on the subject. His colleague James Leo Garrett, professor of theology at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary said that "Estep was one of the four leading American scholars on Anabaptism in the 20th century."

He was married to Edna Alice, and they had two sons, William Merl Estep and Martin Andrew Estep; daughters Rhoda Elaine Macdonald, Mary McDowell Morgan and Lena Jane Gipson. At the time of his death he had nine grandchildren. He was preceded in death by his daughter, Alice Ann Estep, and his son, Martin Andrew Estep. He died aged 80 at his home in Fort Worth, Texas, of pancreatic cancer.

List of books published

 * Why Baptists?: A Study of Baptist Faith and Heritage; BaptistWay Press 1997
 * Renaissance and Reformation (ISBN 0-8028-0050-5), 1986
 * Revolution Within the Revolution: The First Amendment in Historical Context, 1612-1789 (ISBN 0-8028-0458-6), 1990
 * Whole Gospel Whole World: The Foreign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention 1845–1995. 1994
 * The Anabaptist Story: An Introduction to Sixteenth-Century Anabaptism (ISBN 0-8028-0886-7), 3rd edition, 1996
 * Anabaptist Beginnings, 1523-1533: A Sourcebook (Bibliotheca humanistica et reformatorica) (ISBN 90-6004-337-5), 1976

title: William Roscoe Estep


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Charade (1963 film)

Charade is a 1963 American romantic comedy mystery film produced and directed by Stanley Donen, written by Peter Stone and Marc Behm, and starring Cary Grant and Audrey Hepburn. The cast also features Walter Matthau, James Coburn, George Kennedy, Dominique Minot, Ned Glass, and Jacques Marin. It spans three genres, suspense thriller, romance and comedy.

Charade was praised by critics for its screenplay and the chemistry between Grant and Hepburn. It has been called "the best Hitchcock movie Hitchcock never made". It was filmed on location in Paris and contains animated titles by Maurice Binder. Henry Mancini's score features the popular theme song, "Charade".

In 2022, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Plot
While on holiday in the French Alps, Regina "Reggie" Lampert, an expatriate American working as a simultaneous interpreter, tells her friend Sylvie that she is divorcing her husband, Charles. She also meets Peter Joshua, a charming American.

On her return to Paris, she finds her apartment stripped bare. A police inspector says Charles auctioned off their belongings, then was murdered after leaving Paris. Reggie is given Charles's small travel bag, containing a letter addressed to her, a ship ticket to Venezuela, four passports in multiple names and nationalities, and miscellaneous personal items. At Charles's sparsely attended funeral, three men show up to view the body. One sticks a pin into the corpse to confirm Charles is really dead.

Reggie is summoned to meet CIA administrator Hamilton Bartholomew at the American Embassy. She learns that the three men are Herman Scobie, Leopold W. Gideon, and Tex Panthollow. During World War II, they, Charles, and Carson Dyle were assigned by the OSS to deliver $250,000 ($0 million in current dollars) in gold to the French Resistance, but instead stole it. Carson was wounded in a German ambush and left behind. Charles double-crossed the others, taking all the gold. The three survivors are after the missing money, as is the U.S. government. Hamilton insists Reggie has it, even if she does not know what or where it is—and that she is in great danger.

Peter finds Reggie and helps her move into a hotel. The three criminals separately threaten her, each convinced she knows where the money is. Herman then shocks her by claiming that Peter is in league with them, after which Peter says he is Carson Dyle's brother, Alexander, and is trying to bring the others to justice, believing they killed Carson. As the hunt for the money continues, Herman and Leopold are murdered. Hamilton tells Reggie that Carson Dyle had no brother. When she confronts Alexander, he says he is actually Adam Canfield, a professional thief. Although frustrated by his dishonesty, Reggie still trusts him.

Reggie and Adam go to an outdoor market, the location of Charles's last known appointment. Spotting Tex, Adam follows him. At the stamp-selling booths, Adam and Tex each realize that Charles bought some extremely valuable stamps and affixed them to the envelope in his travel bag. Both men race back to Reggie's hotel room, only to discover the stamps missing from the envelope. Reggie, who gave the stamps to Sylvie's young son, Jean-Louis, suddenly realizes their significance. She and Sylvie find Jean-Louis, but he has already traded the stamps to a dealer. They find the dealer, who says the rare stamps are worth $250,000; he returns them to Reggie.

Reggie returns to the hotel and finds Tex's body; Tex managed to write the name "Dyle" on the floor before dying. Convinced Adam is the murderer, Reggie telephones Hamilton, who says to meet him at the Colonnade at the Palais-Royal. Adam sees her and gives chase. At the Colonnade, Reggie is caught out in the open between the two men. Adam claims Hamilton is really Carson Dyle: surviving the German ambush, he became obsessed with revenge and reclaiming the treasure. Reggie runs into an empty theater and hides in the prompt box. Carson is about to shoot her, but Adam activates a trapdoor under him, sending him crashing to the floor far beneath him.

The next day, Reggie and Adam go to the embassy to turn over the stamps, but Adam declines to go in. Inside, Reggie discovers that Adam is really Brian Cruikshank, a U.S. Treasury agent responsible for recovering stolen government property. With his true identity now revealed, he proposes marriage to Reggie. The film ends with a split-screen grid showing flashback shots of Cruikshank's four identities; Reggie says she hopes they have lots of boys, so they can name them all after him.

Cast

 * Cary Grant as Brian Cruikshank (alias Peter Joshua, Alexander Dyle, and Adam Canfield)
 * Audrey Hepburn as Regina "Reggie" Lampert
 * Walter Matthau as Carson Dyle (alias Hamilton Bartholomew)
 * James Coburn as Tex Panthollow
 * George Kennedy as Herman Scobie
 * Dominique Minot as Sylvie Gaudel
 * Ned Glass as Leopold W. Gideon
 * Jacques Marin as Inspector Edouard Grandpierre
 * Paul Bonifas as Mr. Felix, the stamp dealer
 * Thomas Chelimsky as Jean-Louis Gaudel

Writing and casting
When screenwriters Peter Stone and Marc Behm submitted their script The Unsuspecting Wife around Hollywood, they were unable to sell it. Stone then turned it into a novel, retitled Charade, which found a publisher and was serialized in Redbook magazine. The serial caught the attention of the same Hollywood companies that had passed on it earlier. The film rights were quickly sold to producer/director Stanley Donen. Stone then wrote the final shooting script, tailored to Cary Grant and Audrey Hepburn, with Behm receiving story co-credit.

At the end of the film, Hepburn lists Grant's aliases, concluding, “I hope we have a lot of boys and we can name them all after you.” In the Criterion Collection's 1999 commentary, Stone laments the fact that the music swells to mask his “best closing line”. Donen tells him he can say it now and get his own back.

Cary Grant, who turned 59 during filming, was sensitive about the 25-year age difference between Audrey Hepburn (33 at the time of filming) and himself, and was uncomfortable with their romantic interplay. To address his concerns, the filmmakers agreed to add dialogue that has Grant's character comment on his age, and Regina — Hepburn's character — being portrayed as the pursuer.

Filming
Production began in Paris on October 22, 1962. About half the film was shot on location, with interiors being filmed at Studios de Boulogne. The scenes where Grant and Hepburn first meet were shot in January 1963 in a ski resort in Megève, in the French Alps. Hepburn had just filmed Paris When It Sizzles that summer in a number of the same locations in Paris, but difficulties with the earlier production caused it to be released four months after Charade.

When the film was released at Christmas time, 1963, Audrey Hepburn's line, "at any moment we could be assassinated", was dubbed over with "at any moment we could be eliminated" due to the recent assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The dubbed word stood out quite clearly, so official video releases of the film have since restored the original dialogue, though some public domain videos taken from original release prints still carry the redubbed line.

Locations
All locations are in Paris save the railway and ski resort.

 * Paris–Bordeaux railway (Charles Lampert's murder)
 * Résidence Le Mont d'Arbois, Megève (Alpine hotel)
 * 5 Avenue Velasquez (Lampert apartment)
 * Théâtre Vrai Guignolet, Carré Marigny (puppet theatre)
 * 24 Rue Censier (Hôtel Saint-Jacques)
 * Les Halles (meeting with Bartholomew at the market)
 * 11 Rue Scribe (American Express building)
 * Quai de Montebello (walking along the river)
 * UNESCO Headquarters (EURESCO headquarters)
 * Carré Marigny (stamp market)
 * Varenne station (interior of the Saint-Jacques station)
 * Palais-Royal (chase in the colonnade)
 * Comédie-Française (the theatre)
 * Embassy of the United States, Paris

Studio scenes filmed at the Billancourt Studios.

Release
The film was slated for a Christmas release, but Universal consented to a one-time advance showing at the Palace Theatre in Washington, D.C., which was a benefit to raise money to help low-income children stay in school. Singer Ella Fitzgerald performed, and, according to Jet magazine, $50,000 was raised, equivalent to almost a half-million dollars in 2023 money.

Reception
Charade receives generally positive reviews, from 21st-century critics as well as contemporaries. The film has a 94% approval rating based on 54 reviews at Rotten Tomatoes, with an average score of 8.50/10 and the consensus: "A globetrotting caper that prizes its idiosyncratic pieces over the general puzzle, Charade is a delightful romp with Cary Grant and Audrey Hepburn's sparkling chemistry at the center of some perfectly orchestrated mayhem." On Metacritic the film has a score of 83% based on reviews from 16 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".

In a review published on January 6, 1964, in The New York Times, Bosley Crowther criticized the film for its "grisly touches" and "gruesome violence", but also praised it for its screenplay with regard to its "sudden twists, shocking gags, eccentric arrangements and occasionally bright and brittle lines" as well as Donen's direction, said to be halfway between a 1930s screwball comedy and North by Northwest by Alfred Hitchcock, which also starred Grant.

In a Time Out review, the film was rated positively, with the assertion that it is a "mammoth audience teaser [...] Grant imparts his ineffable charm, Kennedy (with metal hand) provides comic brutality, while Hepburn is elegantly fraught". While reviewing the blu-ray DVD version of the film, Chris Cabin of Slant Magazine gave the film a three-and-a-half out of five rating, calling it a "high-end, kitschy whodunit" and writing that it is a "riotous and chaotic take on the spy thriller, essentially, but it structurally resembles Agatha Christie's And Then There Were None as well as describing it as "some sort of miraculous entertainment".

Public-domain status

The film includes a notice reading "MCMLXIII BY UNIVERSAL PICTURES COMPANY, INC. and STANLEY DONEN FILMS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED" but omitting the word "Copyright", "Copr." or the symbol "©". Before 1978, U.S. law required works to include such a word or symbol in order to be copyrighted. Because Universal failed to properly display the copyright notice, the film entered into the public domain in the United States immediately upon its release. As a result, copies from film prints of varying quality have been widely available on VHS, DVD and Blu-ray in addition to official releases of the film from Universal themselves as well as The Criterion Collection. The film is also available for free viewing on YouTube and free download at the Internet Archive. However, while the film itself is in the public domain, the original music remains under copyright if outside the context of the film.

title: Charade (1963 film)


text:
User talk:Infrogmation/Archive4

sitcom
Nice work. It's a good page. I've put a call on 'Pages Needing Attention' for contributors from other places. I've removed the duplicated stuff from Talk. I assume that's OK - you can always revert. You may want to add something to television comedy --bodnotbod 19:49, May 1, 2004 (UTC)

Help, please: Madrid Metro Image
If you have time, could you do me the favour of moving my map of the Madrid metro from Featured pictures candidates to Featured pictures? It's currently languising in "Decision time" even though it has the requisite 4 votes in favour and 14 days' waiting time. I don't want to do it myself as it would look iffy for me to put my own picture into Featured Pictures. Thanks! - Montréalais 19:15, 2 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Okay. I think I've taken care of that. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 22:51, 2 May 2004 (UTC)

Zurbarán
Thank you for you're note. However, I searched for the individual - did not find one and formatted some Britannica as well as including image etc. I later found this other article also from Britannica and turned it into a redirect. I did not remove mine as it had, I feel, better formatting and paragraphing as well as the image mark up. --OldakQuill 19:02, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

About that Ted Weems Article
Dear I, You are right, perhaps I was too hasty. I have been trying to deal with a large number of pages in need of rapid deletion today (I am home with the flu). You know how it is, once you have the hammer out everything starts to look like a nail. Mea culpa, mea culpa, mea magna culpa....PaulinSaudi 18:59, 12 May 2004 (UTC)]]

Mexico City
A population of 30 million really does seem too high; perhaps the other bloke's 22 is closer to the truth. Check out the state pages -- Mexico (state) and Mexican Federal District -- which have the 2000 census figures on them (and bear in mind there's a fair chunk of EdoMex that isn't part of the metro area). I suppose we could go to the INEGI stats page and dig out numbers for those municipalities that are part of the conurbation but, failing that, my guess would be in the region of 18 - 20 million. –Hajor 16:22, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Cool. I was wondering. However I've read that some consider the official census figures for the city as too low. Perhaps we should find a couple of good sources, and if they differ, quote them both. -- Infrogmation 16:31, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

OK. I suspect the census figs will be low, but not too low. I'll see what I can find on gob.mx. and put some thoughts down on Talk:Mexico City. –Hajor 16:44, 13 May 2004 (UTC)

INEGI figs now on the Talk page. What I see as far more difficult is getting a reliable source for the census's margin of error: even so, a jump from 18m to 30m (12 million people slipped through the gaps?) seems terribly unlikely. Vaguely related matters: could you take a look at Talk:Chihuahua and confirm my reading of the situation (or not, as your understanding of the rules tells you). Tnx. –Hajor

Image:BigPinkHeart.jpg
Hi. I am wondering if the [[Media:BigPinkHeart.jpg]] is in public domain or used based on fair use. Do you have any information regarding when the copyrightholder(s) has died? Or is it a work belonging to a corporation?

The image is quite nice, but currently listed as potential copyright violation at Japanese wikipedia. We consider both US and Japananese copyright laws, and the latter has different protection period and different provision about fair use-like secondary use. If you could let me know, I would appreaciate a lot. (I'll check back this page, so you can answer on this page unless you prefer otherwise.) Thanks! Tomos 18:33, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * It is from before 1923, so it would be considered Public Domain in the USA. I don't know about other places. I will add the PD-US notice to the image page. -- Infrogmation 18:41, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the info. :). Tomos 12:58, 16 May 2004 (UTC)

User:Wikipolice
You have exceptional nerve and are very rude. I do not want to cause trouble and I have a great many edits. Any further insubordination and I shall complain. Email chemist_95@hotmail.com to discuss it.--Wikipolice 14:48, 16 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Rudeness was not my intent. On your talk page I gave you what intended as serious advice, based on my experience here. As you no doubt noticed, I am far from the only one who thinks that taking the user name "Wikipolicie" is quite inappropriate-- and I'm sure some folks here would label that as "exceptional nerve" and "very rude". It seems to cause trouble; some folks think it suggests that you wish to assume you have some control or authority beyond that of other recently arrived users. I notice you've already applied to have that username changed-- good for you. I have some more advice-- which you may of course follow or ignore, but please consider that it is based much more experience here than you have, so please consider the possibilty that it may be based on something other than rudeness. The advice is to not edit more here under the "Wikipolice" name. Now I've had my say. I hope in the future, once you have your new user name we can work together cordially building Wikipedia. -- Infrogmation 15:54, 16 May 2004 (UTC)~

Emergency, Mayday, Wiki Wiki Mayday! Dear Infrogmation, the WikiRepublic is in danger! Wikipolice make their coup d'êtat! Please add your voice and come help John  here  wiki wiki. He is subject to a campaign of character assasination. Thank you ! - Yours, - irismeister 17:25, 2004 May 19 (UTC)

Creative Commons petition
I have a draft of a petition on my user page I would like you to look over. I'm not entirely sure this doesn't violate policy, so I would appreciate any input (or edits!) you might have before I make a complete ass of myself.Crazyeddie 20:38, 19 May 2004 (UTC)

Welcome
Hi, I just looked at User talk:Chachob, and noticed that your boilerplate welcome pointed people to the Village pump. Would you mind changing it to point them to Help desk? It's where we're sending new users' "How do I...?" questions these days--cuts down on the pump's load considerably, and gives the new users a quicker, better answer. Thanks very much, Meelar 22:52, 25 May 2004 (UTC)

Thank you for the info you posted on my talk page. I've found it useful and am learning how to write good wikipedia articles. What a fascinating site. I'm still fairly new to much of this. But thanks for the nice welcome. Pyramidal 03:35, 26 May 2004 (UTC)

Re: Ingersoll
Infrogmation,

Yeah, I'd just discovered that, too. It was the "G." that threw me off, I think; I searched Wikipedia, and couldn't find an article on Ingersoll, and he wasn't in the Biography listings, so I went ahead and put a basic file together. Then I happened to be searching a little more thorroughly (for something else, no less), and the "Robert G. Ingersoll" article popped up. D'oh! That should teach me to tread a little more carefully here at Wikipedia before I get too eager to contribute.

Here's hoping I don't make the mistake again. :)

--W@L

Pensacola, Florida
Why did you move the aerial view drawing in the Pensacola, Florida article? Just curious.

Your other change was unnecessary; "the first European town" makes someone think of a town in Europe, not Florida. St. Augustine markets itself as "the Nation's first city". As such, I've changed it back. Please don't change it again. It'll start an edit war, which would be annoying.

You seem to be a pretty smart person and a great Wikipedian, so I mean none of this is disprespect. blankfaze | •• 04:54, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for asking. I moved down the illustration so that it appears in the otherwise blank space opposite the table of contents box, though whether this looks better may depend on browser and screen size used. The other points I just addressed at "Talk:Pensacola, Florida"; I am trying to be precise and accurate. "The Nation's first city" may be a good tourism slogan, but could easily be disputed (eg, when did Pensacola reach the status of a "city" rather than a settlement? What about older Native American towns/cities like Taos?). Reword the article if you like, but please try to understand the points I am trying to make and do not make the article less precise in the process. Best wishes, -- Infrogmation 05:06, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for replying. I understand your concerns.  The picture placement is quite acceptable.  I'm also quite fine with your rewording of the European settlement bit.  It makes much more sense now.  Sorry for being so blunt, about starting an edit war and such, it's just that I've come into contact with several people on WP who are unfortunately rigid and unwilling to compromise, and so I'm kind-of apprehensive sometimes.  Thanks again.  blankfaze | •• 05:17, 5 Jun 2004 (UTC)

June 2004
Hi Infrogmation, thanks for the welcome; the page I had created was meant to be a sub-heading elsewhere, and it was a mistake. Maximus Rex deleted it, but he has included the content in his deletion log, and I would like the content there removed; I would also like the title not to appear in my Talk page history - is there any way to do these? Please reply by email, thanks. Simonides 17:38, 18 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Old friend
Hi frog. I hosted your website for a while, at http://www.ironfire.org/ Remember?

Glad to see you are addicted to wiki too... aren't we all. What do you think about this business with trolls?

 * Hi, welcome. I certainly remember and liked that hosting.

 * There are "trolls" and vandals as one would get in any open internet community, but the bulk of the community here keeps improving things faster than damage is done, and fortunately reverting to pre-troll edits is easy. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 18:23, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Hi Infrogmation
Thanks for your message about not creating empty pages. Now I've uploaded the Earth's mantle article, and since English is not my mother-tongue, I would welcome it very much if you proof-read it. --danh 23:23, 23 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Hitler painting
I don’t see how the Hitler painting was a copyright violation since it was one of the official propaganda items in Nazi Germany. The color photo is far more problematic. The Hitler photo that is displayed now was taken by Walter Frentz, Hitler's personal photographer and is copyright, his son, who works for a major german media company is famous for going after people who use it as you can see here. This image looks like a bad scan from Hitlers Berghof 1928-1945 in color book * --GeneralPatton 22:22, 11 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi. I am not familiar with the copyright status of the various images myself. I deleted some items that had been on Copyright problems for well over a week with no challenges, as per the procedure here. -- Infrogmation 03:36, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC)

User page
Hi, You are correct. I meant to add the info to a User page not an article. Thanks for correcting it. Regards, Rusty 21:49, 25 Jun 2004 (UTC)

I can see you moved Stevie Wonder from the category American musicians to United States musicians. Why do they coexist and what's the difference between American and United States musicians, if there is any? --Marcus2 10:28, 27 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * I think that "United States musicians" is more in line with Wikipedia naming conventions. Discussion at Category talk:American musicians. -- Infrogmation 04:10, 28 Jun 2004 (UTC)

License
HI, I couldn't figure under which license your photos were released. On fr: wp, we use fr:Image:Tegucigalpa PP.jpg and I'd like to know the license. Thanks in advance. fr:Utilisateur:Tipiac
 * There are a few photos of mine I care about, I think I've specified GNUFDL with them, but my Tegucigalpa pic isn't in that category. It is just a cheap snapshot I put up there in absence of anything better at present. I'd be happy to put it under the GNU Free Documentation License, or make it public domain, whichever would be easier for you. -- Infrogmation 19:46, 28 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Double Redirect
"Don't put "Under construction" messages at non-existant articles. That's considered pointless and a waste of everyone's time. Leave the link blank until you're ready to put an article there. -- Infrogmation 18:08, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)"

 * The article in question was a Double Redirect to a Non-Existent Page and is part of a much larger project to document Awards and decorations of the United States military and Military badges of the United States. It was not pointless or a waste of time. It was a space holder until I have time to write the article. -User:Husnock

 * Your new article at Astronaut Badge is a great improvement, good job with that. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 19:05, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Category:Louisiana places
Hello, please take a look at one of the other state categories, such as Category:New York, to see how we've been handling state municipalities and counties. Each municipality is categorized under "Cities of..." or "Towns of..." as well as under their parent counties, which are in turn categorized under "[state] counties". Any places that don't fit into these categories can either be placed within the county categories, or under "[state] geography." As for unincorporated communities, the larger cities have "[city] neighborhoods" categories, which are in turn listed under Category:Neighborhoods of the U.S.. Thanks! Postdlf 20:06, 1 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your help. -- Infrogmation 20:50, 1 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Stege
Why did you delete Stege? Set it as s Stub if you want, but don't delete it! There are lots of stubs that are that short, and are not deleted. Se Special:Shortpages. do you think all of them should be deleted? Den fjättrade ankan 01:43, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * If you wish to expand on the "Stege is a city in Denmark." That seems to be below the minimal stub quotent. Someone else tagged it with the quick delete reccomendation, and I had to agree. Lots of the smaller articles in Special:Shortpages will indeed be deleted, as if you look many consist of things like copyright violation notices pending. There are occasionally good reasons for articles under 50 or so bites, but more often they contain no info not to be found in the article that links there, even significantly less. Anyway, if you want me to undelete Stege I will, but I think it would help if the article had at least a little bit more content. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 02:00, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Dwight D. Eisenhower
I notice you reverted a table to old style markup on this page. Is there an problem with the new style? I didn't notice a difference in how it displayed. Rmhermen 16:05, Jul 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * I reverted 3 edits back to undo the loss of the photo and the addition of a spamed link. I was then planing to redo the more recent markup edit, but I didn't see any difference in how it was displayed either, so I didn't bother. I have no objection to the markup being either way if anyone else has a preference. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 16:15, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Introducing Epigraphs
Whenever you see a brief, apt quote at the head of a Wikipedia article, an attention-grabbing phrase that sums up some aspect of what is to follow, it's called an epigraph. It works like a chord opening a Haydn symphony: an attention-getter. Sometimes a succinct epigraph is a stylish way to start an article, unless it becomes overused. Very little chance of that, apparently. Do you always remove any epigraph you see, and create a lead-footed category Quotes for bald lists of quotes? As recently in Ashley Montague? How pedestrian. Read the entry epigraph. You might even try one yourself. And when you say "Loose the smart quotes" do you mean lose, as in "Lose the vulgarisms, Infrogmation?" Why will you not permit an epigraph to a biography? It's not forbidden by a Wikipediarule, is it? Wetman 06:00, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi. I'm quite familiar with epigraphs, and have used them myself in some of my music writing. I have no objection to them per-se, moving it to the "Quotes" section was done while I was doing other edits which I hope you will acknoledge made your fine article on Ashley Montagu in some ways even better. I sometimes like such quirky touches, but others at Wikipedia have impressed on me their opinion of the importance of formating, and I do think there's something to be said for the practice of having an introductary sentence or paragraph at the begining of each article. I suppose its a matter of taste as to whether the result is "pedestrian" or "encyclopedic". You are quite correct in pointing out my error in typing "loose" where I should have typed "lose". I fear I sometimes have a problem with not noticing when I do something like that. Perhaps its similar to your not noticing your adding a superfluous "e" at the end of Montagu's name. One of the positive aspect of Wikipedia is how such things tend to get noticed and corrected.  Best wishes, -- Infrogmation 15:24, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Dear Infrogmation,

Thanks for your infrogmation :) I too have been contributing quite a bit (not like beaurocrats of the system for I hate bureaucracy and red-tapism!) I never liked my name being displayed anywhere - in a truly open world, we cannot claim anything as 'mine' (my POV!). But I also know that the world is far from being ideal! I did feel that having a name has some advantages and so here I am, with an identity. And all of a sudden I am surprised at the so many 'enlightened ones' trying to educate me. I wonder if this is an exhibition of their sense of supremacy or is it a blind arrongance/ignorance or is this a real noble deed! Just like everybody else, I too consider all my fellow humans as idiots :)

For beaurocrats like you my humble request to you would be to abolish the closed-mindedness that exists among a considerable proportion of the 'self-styled' kings, princes, queens and princesses in this so-called open encyclopedia! Forgive me if any of the above statements offend you. I really don't mean them that way. And if your message was a real noble deed, thanks from the bottom of my heart. Regards. --Drbalaji md 00:09, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)

LDBear
Thanks for the tips! I especially appreciate the Manual of Style. I never could find it, and another user who kept changing my formatting on another article never did respond. Thanks again! LD L.D. Bear 05:42, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Category:Defunct companies
I have some doubts about placing LaSalle in this category, if it's really defunct firms. Although the LaSalle brand name is gone, General Motors is still very much alive. If it's intended as a list of former marques, we could add many more, like Oldsmobile and Eagle. But I don't think that's the purpose of the page. RivGuySC 21:47, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Okay. Remove it from that category if you think it's not appropriate. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 21:49, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Sax pic
Hi, Infrogmation, I tried my hand at writing good captions for the Saxophone article, though I don't think I did justice to your Image:CatSax.jpg. Would you happen to know more about the picture - were it was taken, who is pictured, what she was playing, etc. that might be useful in the caption? If you have a minute, might you add some description to the image description page? Many thanks! -- ke4roh 12:59, Jul 12, 2004 (UTC)

Washboard pic
Hi, I love your washboard picture! Please could you add some licensing information? Thanks. Lupin 21:28, 15 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Jeopardy!
Whoops! Thanks for catching my mistake on this article. I totally forgot to check the history - I'd been listing that user's articles for speedy deletion and didn't notice that he'd tampered with an existing article. All his other contribs had been new pages full of crap. Thanks for reverting before someone deleted the article! - Ocon | Talk 05:04, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Swap pages?
How can I swap the pages Madras University with University of Madras which is a redirect to the first page? Sridev 16:30, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I took care of the move. You might wish to check "What links here" and change the pages that link to the redirect to link directly to the article. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 16:45, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Tincalconite et al
Totally agree with you. The pictures need articles. I will work through the list tomorrow again and create stubs for the images without text. Please be patient, and thanks for the comment -- Chris 73 | Talk 15:59, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Went to create articles today after work, but somebody beat me to it. I added only some more content, and there is a reasonable stub now. -- Chris 73 | Talk 14:21, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Huastec vs. Huaxtec
Huastec is fine, too. This is a similar situation as that of Tezcoco vs. Texcoco vs. Tetzcoco. The original Nahuatl for this term very probably had 'x' (the English 'sh' sound) rather than 's'... BUT that term itself might already suffer from malinterpretation, because the Teenek people (as the 'Huastecs' call themselves, compare with Mayan's analogous winik) were referred to as Cuexteca by the Aztecs. 'Cuex' in this term comes from 'Cuey'+'Teca' as the /y/ always devoices and palatalizes in that context. 'Cuey' is related to "turn around"... and the story says that the Huastecs did indeed 'turned around' (from Izapa, perhaps?) and returned to where they had already came, Pánuco. A portion of their population did remain at or near Izapa: the Chicomulcetecos. So, perhaps, 'Huaxtec' << 'Cuextec' ... this phonological process would certainly not be rare ('cu' -> 'hu' and /a/ -> /e/ adjacent to a palatalization). IF 'Huaxtec' is indeed a correct appelation, then a possible etymology is from 'Huax'+'Tecatl', where 'Huax' is analogous to the 'Huax' in Huaxyacac (Oaxaca). Thanks for the welcome you gave me and your notes. I see that we have some interests in common. It has turned out to be a real pleasure (addictive) to be able to contribute to the Wikipedia. --User:Danakil 01:36GMT-6
 * It's good to have another knowledgable contributor about Mesoamerican subjects here. "Huastec" seems the more common spelling in English (checking google shows 2,900 hits for that spelling v/s 698 for "Huaxtec"). The Manual of Style reccomends having articles at the more common name or spelling, with less used ones as redirects unless there is some specific reason to do otherwise. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 14:47, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Painters
Hi Infrogmation,

As I was recategorizing Category:Painters I noticed we are working somewhat on cross-purposes. I use Category:American painters and you Category:United States painters. Could we agree on one or the other? I do think that the resulting one should be a subcategory of Category:American people and that Category:Painters should be removed from the affected individual artists. Could you agree? Pethan 15:17, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I have folded Category:American painters into Category:United States painters Pethan 20:05, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Looks good to me. Thanks. -- Infrogmation 21:55, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Ryan Stiles
You changed the entry about Ryan Stiles to state that he is a "United States actor" instead of "American actor". I believe this should be reverted back to "American" or "North American", as he works in and has lived in Canada as well (his parents were Canadian). To my knowledge he still does stand-up in Vancouver from time-to-time.

 * Fine by me. -- Infrogmation 03:10, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Page blanking
Hi, just thought I'd point out that you and I share two things. 1. We both live(d) in New Orleans (Tulane U.). 2. We both had our user pages blanked by User:217.206.214.197. Other folks reverted my page. I took the liberty of reverting yours. Geogre 13:44, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks. -- Infrogmation 20:35, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Carpet viper
You were too quick with Carpet viper, as it is a real snake and the information given on the page was truthful. --Yath 04:33, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok. Restored. -- Infrogmation 04:38, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Wallace Stevens
I understand the motivation behind changing "American" to "United States" in this article: "American" can refer to anywhere in the Americas, and for the U.S. to claim the title alone is a bit strange, if not arrogant. But: however strange or arrogant it may be, (1) English-speakers understand that "American" means "of or pertaining to the United States of America," and (2) using "United States" as an adjective is cacophonous and awkward, since there's no English equivalent to, say, the Spanish estadounidense. I hope I don't sound captious. I say all of this in earnest. Perhaps I've missed something, or perhaps the Wikipedian standard is to use "United States" instead of "American"—tell me where I've gone wrong. Hydrotaphia 01:04, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi. I don't see you've done anything "wrong". The nationality of biography subjects is usually mentioned towards the start of the article. I was doing a few quick spot edits to articles in process of the category naming adjustment, and I think on the Stevens article changed the unlinked term "American" into a link to "United States". If you prefer "American" in the text, the form "American" is fine. I was mostly concerned about the category; if I changed anything stylistic you don't like feel free to change it back. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 01:19, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Cool. Thanks! Hydrotaphia 06:45, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Fox 25
Since pages for television stations are usually allowed on Wikipedia, I looked up the proper call letters for the station (WFXT) and redirected the Fox 25 article to there instead. Just so ya know. Bearcat 05:41, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Good. I suspected that "Fox 25" might not have been a unique name. -- Infrogmation 05:44, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

New B-Movie Bandit template
I went ahead and took your excellent suggestion to heart and came up with template:bmoviebandit1. Take a look-see. - Lucky 6.9 08:15, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Hoo boy, did I open a can of worms. There are only about four hours left on the admin nomination, and if it fails, I'd like to talk to you about active ways of putting the B-Movie Bandit to bed once and for all. - Lucky 6.9 19:24, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Just got your message. Thanks again, and believe me I appreciate your initial idea. If I don't get the adminship, I'd still like to work to end the problem as I said. - Lucky 6.9 20:55, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Some of us should try putting our heads together about the "B-Movie Bandit" pest. I'll post some thoughts on your user talk page soon. -- Infrogmation 21:00, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * It's a nice feeling to have community support on this. Here's my response from my talk page, and thanks again.

Add to that list whacked-out verb tenses, a repeat of the title in the edit summary, no wikis and no real content. In the case of actors, the content is nothing more than the name of the show(s) and the years they appeared in it: Joe Smith is an actor who appears in Soap Opera from 1966 to 1977.  Or, John Jones is an actor who appears in such movies as The Movie Name and The Other Movie. If the listing is for a movie, the content isn't much different: The 1988 thriller Really Thrilling Movie stars Joe Smith, John Jones, Mary Cooper and Jane Walker. Such is the kind of content we're cleaning up. Great idea about a discussion page. - Lucky 6.9 02:31, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Frog, you rock! That talk page is the greatest idea since the proverbial sliced bread. - Lucky 6.9 22:12, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I assume you are talking about User:B-Movie Bandit and User talk:B-Movie Bandit. Best wishes, -- Infrogmation 22:17, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Ah, you assume correctly. I understand Jimbo Wales himself is about to weigh in on this nincompoop. - Lucky 6.9 20:44, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Curtis Kearns
i recently posted the "Curtis Kearns" Article. I live in albany, Ohio. And i was updating a little of the local political news, and i thought i would make a page for him. I know the guy Personally, and he has been toying with the idea of running in the future. Hes a local political activist, founder of a local Young Democrats of Ohio Chapter, stuff like that.

 * If you can't show the person is of some note and encyclopedic interest, the deletion request someone made for the article will probably go through. It looks rather like a vanity article, which is not within the purpose of Wikipedia. -- Infrogmation 04:12, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Grammy year pages
Hi, we seem to be working at cross-purposes. I removed all the header formatting from the couple of Grammy year pages that had them, to make the format consistent throughout the years. I see you've just added them to Grammy Awards of 1991. Looks like we need to come up with a standard strategy :)

I dislike using headers in these articles because the sections are so small - a line across the page every few awards looks messy to me. The table of contents also seems more of a problem than an asset to me, such a long box for such little benefit.

So what do you think? I think the current format (on all years other than 1991) works well. And, whatever we decide, I'd like to make sure all years are the same. Regards -- sannse (talk) 09:49, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I find having section is useful when I wish to make some spot edits. However as occasional spot edits are about all I expect to do on the Grammy pages, I'll defer to those who work with those pages more closely. Further discussionon your talk page. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 14:53, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the reply, more on my talk page :) -- sannse (talk) 15:18, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
Hi, thanks for the link to List of artworks! Being able to know what's already here makes things a lot easier. :) Miss Puffskein 20:42, Aug 17, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for undoing my revert (I think)
Hmm, I thought procedure was for a candidate to indicate that they were to withdraw, and then someone else should remove the discussion. (This in case irregularities occurred or so). In this case there's certainly been irregularities and strangeness that should be followed up sometime, so thinking along those lines, I reverted.

I could be entirely wrong on this, hmm, I'll reread procedures.

Have a nice evening! Kim Bruning 21:22, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * No big deal, I think. You just need to know any nominee is free to withdraw their name from consideration if they wish. Cheers, -- Infrogmation 21:33, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

P.S.: I'll reread 'em too, in case something significant changed since last time I read them.... Hey, I've been here so long I can recall the days before the voting procedure... one day I was just bitten by a radioactive spider, and woke up with admin powers... :-) -- Infrog

Blocking User:Shquid?
Could you explain to me why you blocked User:Shquid for an isolated incident of vandalism, thus causing my IP to be autoblocked? You are not supposed to block for single incidents of vandalism, but for recurring vandals. — Mr. Grinch 33451 (Talk)21:01, 20 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Shquid's vandalism was unusually dramatic, and I think my blocking him quite appropriate. I'm sorry if a good user got unintentially got autoblocked at the same time. (Such problems seem to only happen as far as I know only on occasion with certain isps; especially AOL I think?) Are you able to access Wikipedia ok now? -- Infrogmation 21:12, 20 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, I'm fine now, but I'm afraid that your well-meaning block was misdirected. After all, it was probably a newbie test with uploading files.    — 33451 | Talk 12:15, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * As far as I could tell, ALL of that user's edits were vandalism. -- Infrogmation

Dog cart photos
Hey there; you uploaded the dog cart photos Image:DogChar1.jpg and Image:DogChar2.jpg and noted that you took them, but didn't give licensing info (e.g., release to public domain or GFDL) and we'll need that in case we want to use the photos. Would you be so kind--? Thanks. Elf | Talk 00:23, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh my! I'd forgotten all about uploading those. That was no doubt part of the batch of photos I uploaded to illustrate the New Orleans Mardi Gras articles. I'll add GFDL notice to them. Thank you! How did you find those? -- Infrogmation 01:48, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for adding info. I'm trying to assemble a list of free-distr/GFDL images related to dogs in the repository someone started at List of images/Nature/Animals/Dogs so, in addition to working my way through all the breed articles with photos, I'm doing image searches that contain the word "dog", "pup", stuff like that. The work never ends! :-)  Elf | Talk 04:22, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)

'programming language' classifier
Hi, Infrogmation. I need to ask your help as sysop regarding a matter that involves the naming of programming language articles. You may recall our conversation not too long ago about 'Tampico' and whether or it should be moved to 'Tampico, Tamaulipas' and so on for the rest of cities in Mexico (somebody did just that yesterday, by the way). Well, regarding programming languages, the current Wikipedia policy is very scantily defined in Naming conventions (languages) (where it seems to have been created in the beginning with natural langs in mind) and this has resulted in a significant disparity in the naming of the hundreds of prog lang articles: some of them are called LanguageName, others LanguageName programming language, others LanguageName but have a redirect to it from LanguageName programming language, yet still others LanguageName programming language but have a redirect from LanguageName... the situation has aroused debate for a while now, and recently it seems that there is consensus in that, at the very least, the topic should be carefully debated and a strong convention should then be clearly spelled out and encouraged as guideline (see Naming_conventions_(languages)).

A week ago, in the middle of a very large categorization effort on my part (see Category:Programming languages) I, foolishly although well-intentioned, began to move some LanguageName pages to LanguageName programming language, making sure that I fixed any resulting double redirects and that I created LanguageName shortcuts for those articles missing them. Sure enough, some controversy was brought up by User:Stan_Shebs but always within a very reasonable debating environment. I agreed with Stan to leave things as they were until all interested parties reached a consensus. That was fine for all of us involved.

Well, the problem I need to ask your help with is that as of yesterday, User:TakuyaMurata suddendly and without any warning (it is to be noted that Stan and others involved before always brought up the subject for clarification first) began to move the LanguageName programming language articles back to LanguageName. I noticed that and placed a comment on his talk page (please see User:Danakil as he cut it from his page and later pasted it into mine) but got no response. I then placed another comment asking why he had just erased my comment from his talk page, upon which he pasted my original comment into my page, but nevertheless my second question was removed for good. He argued about 'convention' and proceed to revert all my changes, but then he went further and began to change those articles originally named LanguageName programming language to LanguageName. I pointed that out, saying to him that reverting my changes was OK but that he should leave the rest of the articles as they were, at least while the debate about the convention went on and until a consensus was reached. I reverted the changed article (Algol programming language) to its original state. He then behaved in a most peculiar manner and changed it again. At that point, I reverted again and asked him to please stop (see User talk:TakuyaMurata).He seemed to agree and the matter was left at that point. However, a couple of hours ago, I began to notice a large number of name changes to prog lang articles... he was at it again, not only with the Algol article, but with a whole suit of other prog lang articles...(I have reverted them to their original status). And this is where I ask for your help to please help us stop him from making any further name changes until a consensus is reached among the parties involved. Furthermore, User:TakuyaMurata's name changes are done in a very naïve manner without any regard to double redirects and, much worse, by doubly-moving back and forth, he has created a mess with the corresponding talk pages, such as the one for ALGOL programming language which is now split in two. As an aside, User:TakuyaMurata's command of the English language leaves a few things to be desired, and his occassionally heavily-POV articles have aroused controversy in the past (as with Asian Cup 2004, for example).

Thanks for reading this and in advance for any help you can provide us to avoid seeing this issue complicated even more. —danakil 05:41, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I just spotted this on here. I have to say that this is very typical behaviour from Taku. There were endless problems on talk:Inheritance (object-oriented programming).

Don Chevrier
Hi, thanks for taking interest in my Don Chevrier article. I heard Don for the first time announce a badminton game during the 2004 Olympic Games on NBC. He completely sucked me into a game I knew nothing about (except that it was supposed to be "cheesy"). His Olympic coverage of table tennis likewise drew me in. His bio can be found here. It looks like this guy has enchanted more people than just me, so I figured he deserved an entry. I couldn't find another bio that wasn't (potentially) copyrighted, and I'm not much of an author, so I figured I'd prompt others to write about him. As I learn more about this, to me, incredible man; I'll contribute more, but I just figured I'd get the fire started. Vik Reykja 08:24, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * As you started a substub, I suspected you knew a bit more. I expanded the Don Chevrier based on what you say here and a couple of facts from that weblink-- we can't copy copyrighted text, but we can use facts found there in our own words. -- Infrogmation 14:38, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Also, you've just taught me how badminton is spelled :-) -- Infrogmation 14:43, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Gramophone record
No problem - I thought someone was gonna make a bot do it? Mintguy (T)

 * This is not the first time I've seen people more eager to spend energy arguing to move a page than to lend a hand to fixing the links. Hm, think it might help if I threatened to move the page back again? :-) Ah well, -- Infrogmation 02:28, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

You must have a huge collection BTW. I can't help being reminded of Steve Buscemi in Ghost World (movie) Mintguy (T)

Thanks for your help at WP:CP
Thanks for helping to keep the backlog down to a manageable size. For a time I thought I was the only one doing this, and it took up quite a large chunk of the time I can devote to Wikipedia. (Still does, because I insist on checking and verifying all these claims.) And despite my efforts, the backlog actually grew in the first two weeks of August until you came along! So, thanks a lot. Lupo 08:23, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC) (P.S.: Image:Pomare IV.bmp was listed (by me), but apparently it slipped through. Still has the copyvio notice, though. Could you remove it, please? I don't like being prosecutor, judge, and executioner in one person :-), which is why I don't touch anything I reported.) Lupo

 * Done. -- Infrogmation

Things

 * I think these are all done now. I'm afraid I've been a bit inconsistent regarding links like "disc record" : originally I changed them to say "gramophone record", but then realised this doesn't always make sense, so for later ones I used "disc record" .  Hopefully this isn't too much of a problem...   — Kate | Talk 05:55, 2004 Aug 28 (UTC)
 * Many thanks. There are a few articles where specifically saying something like "disc record" helps (mostly when it needs distinguishing from cylinder records) but in most case I'm sure either way is fine. I think I've already taken care of at least the great majority of articles where such distinction was appropriate. Thanks again for your work in taking care of a flock of links! Yay! Best wishes, -- Infrogmation 06:03, 28 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Thank you for your welcome message
Thank you very much for your welcome. I already enjoy very much being a wikipedian in the Spanish version, where I'm more confident with my grammar, spelling and syntax feelings. But this enormous English wikipedia is a huge temptation, so I sometimes spoil something here. Please let me know if I spoil too much! Vivero 11:05, 29 Aug 2004 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Infrogmation/Archive4


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United States congressional delegations from Nebraska

These are tables of congressional delegations from Nebraska to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate.

The current dean of the Nebraska delegation is Representative Adrian Smith (NE-3), having served in the House since 2007.

Current members
List of members, their terms in office, district boundaries, and the district political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has 3 members, all Republicans.


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Richard Thornburg

Richard Thornburg may refer to:

 * Richard Thornburg (fictional character), a fictional character in the Die Hard movies
 * Dick Thornburgh (spelled with another "h"), Pennsylvania governor and US attorney general

title: Richard Thornburg


text:
Lanchester's laws

Lanchester's laws are mathematical formulae for calculating the relative strengths of military forces. The Lanchester equations are differential equations describing the time dependence of two armies' strengths A and B as a function of time, with the function depending only on A and B.

In 1915 and 1916 during World War I, M. Osipov and Frederick Lanchester independently devised a series of differential equations to demonstrate the power relationships between opposing forces. Among these are what is known as Lanchester's linear law (for ancient combat) and Lanchester's square law (for modern combat with long-range weapons such as firearms).

As of 2017 modified variations of the Lanchester equations continue to form the basis of analysis in many of the US Army’s combat simulations, and in 2016 a RAND Corporation report examined by these laws the probable outcome in the event of a Russian invasion into the Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

Lanchester's linear law
For ancient combat, between phalanxes of soldiers with spears for example, one soldier could only ever fight exactly one other soldier at a time. If each soldier kills, and is killed by, exactly one other, then the number of soldiers remaining at the end of the battle is simply the difference between the larger army and the smaller, assuming identical weapons.

The linear law also applies to unaimed fire into an enemy-occupied area. The rate of attrition depends on the density of the available targets in the target area as well as the number of weapons shooting. If two forces, occupying the same land area and using the same weapons, shoot randomly into the same target area, they will both suffer the same rate and number of casualties, until the smaller force is eventually eliminated: the greater probability of any one shot hitting the larger force is balanced by the greater number of shots directed at the smaller force.

Lanchester's square law
Lanchester's square law is also known as the N-square law.

Description

With firearms engaging each other directly with aimed shooting from a distance, they can attack multiple targets and can receive fire from multiple directions. The rate of attrition now depends only on the number of weapons shooting. Lanchester determined that the power of such a force is proportional not to the number of units it has, but to the square of the number of units. This is known as Lanchester's square law.

More precisely, the law specifies the casualties a shooting force will inflict over a period of time, relative to those inflicted by the opposing force. In its basic form, the law is only useful to predict outcomes and casualties by attrition. It does not apply to whole armies, where tactical deployment means not all troops will be engaged all the time. It only works where each unit (soldier, ship, etc.) can kill only one equivalent unit at a time. For this reason, the law does not apply to machine guns, artillery with unguided munitions, or nuclear weapons. The law requires an assumption that casualties accumulate over time: it does not work in situations in which opposing troops kill each other instantly, either by shooting simultaneously or by one side getting off the first shot and inflicting multiple casualties.

Note that Lanchester's square law does not apply to technological force, only numerical force; so it requires an N-squared-fold increase in quality to compensate for an N-fold decrease in quantity.

Example equations
Suppose that two armies, Red and Blue, are engaging each other in combat. Red is shooting a continuous stream of bullets at Blue. Meanwhile, Blue is shooting a continuous stream of bullets at Red.

Let symbol A represent the number of soldiers in the Red force. Each one has offensive firepower α, which is the number of enemy soldiers it can incapacitate (e.g., kill or injure) per unit time. Likewise, Blue has B soldiers, each with offensive firepower β.

Lanchester's square law calculates the number of soldiers lost on each side using the following pair of equations. Here, dA/dt represents the rate at which the number of Red soldiers is changing at a particular instant. A negative value indicates the loss of soldiers. Similarly, dB/dt represents the rate of change of the number of Blue soldiers.

 * $$\frac{\mathrm{d}A}{\mathrm{d}t}=-\beta B$$
 * $$\frac{\mathrm{d}B}{\mathrm{d}t}=-\alpha A$$

The solution to these equations shows that:

 * If α=β, i.e. the two sides have equal firepower, the side with more soldiers at the beginning of the battle will win;
 * If A=B, i.e. the two sides have equal numbers of soldiers, the side with greater firepower will win;
 * If A>B and α>β, then Red will win, while if AB but α<β, or Aβ, the winning side will depend on whether the ratio of β/α is greater or less than the square of the ratio of A/B. Thus, if numbers and firepower are unequal in opposite directions, a superiority in firepower equal to the square of the inferiority in numbers is required for victory; or, to put it another way, the effectiveness of the army rises proportionate to the square of the number of people in it, but only linearly with their fighting ability.

The first three of these conclusions are obvious. The final one is the origin of the name "square law".

Relation to the salvo combat model
Lanchester's equations are related to the more recent salvo combat model equations, with two main differences.

First, Lanchester's original equations form a continuous time model, whereas the basic salvo equations form a discrete time model. In a gun battle, bullets or shells are typically fired in large quantities. Each round has a relatively low chance of hitting its target, and does a relatively small amount of damage. Therefore, Lanchester's equations model gunfire as a stream of firepower that continuously weakens the enemy force over time.

By comparison, cruise missiles typically are fired in relatively small quantities. Each one has a high probability of hitting its target, and carries a relatively powerful warhead. Therefore, it makes more sense to model them as a discrete pulse (or salvo) of firepower in a discrete time model.

Second, Lanchester's equations include only offensive firepower, whereas the salvo equations also include defensive firepower. Given their small size and large number, it is not practical to intercept bullets and shells in a gun battle. By comparison, cruise missiles can be intercepted (shot down) by surface-to-air missiles and anti-aircraft guns. So it is important to include such active defenses in a missile combat model.

Lanchester's law in use
Lanchester's laws have been used to model historical battles for research purposes. Examples include Pickett's Charge of Confederate infantry against Union infantry during the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, the 1940 Battle of Britain between the British and German air forces, and the Battle of Kursk.

In modern warfare, to take into account that to some extent both linear and the square apply often, an exponent of 1.5 is used. Lanchester's laws have also been used to model guerrilla warfare.

Attempts have been made to apply Lanchester's laws to conflicts between animal groups. Examples include tests with chimpanzees and ants. The chimpanzee application was relatively successful. A study of Australian meat ants and Argentine ants confirmed the square law, a study of fire ants did not confirm the square law.

Helmbold Parameters
The Helmbold Parameters provide quick, concise, exact numerical indices, soundly based on historical data, for comparing battles with respect to their bitterness and the degree to which side had the advantage. While their definition is modeled after a solution of the Lanchester Square Law's differential equations, their numerical values are based entirely on the initial and final strengths of the opponents and in no way depend upon the validity of Lanchester's Square Law as a model of attrition during the course of a battle.

The solution of Lanchester's Square Law used here can be written as:$$\begin{aligned} a(t) &= \cosh(\lambda t) - \mu \sinh(\lambda t) \\ d(t) &= \cosh(\lambda t) - \mu^{-1}\sinh(\lambda t) \\ \varepsilon &= \lambda T \end{aligned}$$where $$t$$ is the time since the battle began, $$a(t)$$ and $$d(t)$$ are the surviving fractions of the attacker's and defender's forces at time $$t$$, $$\lambda$$ is the Helmbold intensity parameter, $$\mu$$ is the Helmbold defender's advantage parameter, $$T$$ is the duration of the battle, and $$\varepsilon$$ is the Helmbold bitterness parameter.

If the initial and final strengths of the two sides are known it is possible to solve for the parameters $$a(T)$$, $$d(T)$$, $$\mu$$, and $$\varepsilon$$. If the battle duration $$T$$ is also known, then it is possible to solve for $$\lambda$$.

If, as is normally the case, $$\varepsilon$$ is small enough that the hyperbolic functions can, without any significant error, be replaced by their series expansion up to terms in the first power of $$\varepsilon$$, and if we adopt the following abbreviations for the casualty fractions$$\begin{aligned} F_{A} &= 1-a(T) \\ F_{D} &= 1-d(T) \end{aligned}$$then the following approximate relations hold:$$\begin{aligned} \varepsilon &= \sqrt{F_{A}F_{D}} \\ \mu &= F_{A}/F_{D} \end{aligned}$$That $$\varepsilon$$ is a kind of "average" (specifically, the geometric mean) of the casualty fractions justifies using it as an index of the bitterness of the battle.

We note here that for statistical work it is better to use the natural logarithms of the Helmbold Parameters. We will call them, in an obvious notation, $$\log\mu$$, $$\log\varepsilon$$, and $$\log\lambda$$.

Major findings
See Helmbold (2021):
 * 1) The Helmbold parameters $$\log\varepsilon$$ and $$\log\mu$$ are statistically independent, i.e., they measure distinct features of a battle.
 * 2) The probability that the defender wins, P(Dwins), is related to the defender's advantage parameter via the logistic function, P(Dwins) = 1 / (1 + exp(-z)), with z = -0.1794 + 5.8694 * logmu. This logistic function is almost exactly skew-symmetric about logmu = 0, rising from P(Dwins) = 0.1 at logmu = -0.4, through P(DWins) = 0.5 at logmu = 0, to P(Dwins) = 0.9 at logmu = +0.4. Because the probability of victory depends on the Helmbold advantage parameter rather than the force ratio, it is clear that force ratio is an inferior and untrustworthy predictor of victory in battle.
 * 3) While the defender's advantage varies widely from one battle to the next, on average it has been practically constant since 1600CE.
 * 4) Most of the other battle parameters (specifically the initial force strengths, initial force ratios, casualty numbers, casualty exchange ratios, battle durations, and distances advanced by the attacker) have changed so slowly since 1600CE that only the most acute observers would be likely to notice any change over their nominal 50-year military career.
 * 5) Bitterness ($$\log\varepsilon$$), casualty fractions ($$F_{A}$$ and $$F_{D}$$ in the above notation), and intensity ($$\log\lambda$$) also changed slowly before 1939CE. But since then they have followed a startlingly steeper declining  curve.

Some observers have noticed a similar post-WWII decline in casualties at the level of wars instead of battles.

title: Lanchester's laws


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Roger Fenton

Roger Fenton (28 March 1819 – 8 August 1869) was a British photographer, noted as one of the first war photographers.

Fenton was born into a Lancashire merchant family. After graduating from London with an arts degree, he became interested in painting. After seeing examples of the new technology of photography at the Great Exhibition in 1851, he became keenly interested in this new technique. Within a year, he began exhibiting his own photographs.

He became a leading British photographer and was instrumental in founding the Photographic Society (later the Royal Photographic Society). In 1854, he was commissioned to document events occurring in Crimea, where he became one of a small group of photographers to produce images of the final stages of the Crimean War.

Early life
Fenton was born in Crimble Hall, Heywood, Lancashire, on 28 March 1819. His grandfather was a wealthy cotton manufacturer and banker, whilst his father, John, was a banker and from 1832 a member of parliament. Fenton was the fourth of seven children by his father's marriage to Elizabeth Apedaile, his first wife. His father remarried after her death and had 10 more children by his second wife.

In 1840 Fenton graduated with a "first class" Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of London, having read English, mathematics, Greek and Latin. In 1841, he began to read law at University College, London, evidently sporadically as he did not qualify as a solicitor until 1847. He had also become interested in studying painting. In Yorkshire in 1843 Fenton married Grace Elizabeth Maynard, presumably after his first sojourn in Paris (his passport was issued in 1842), where he may briefly have studied painting in the studio of Paul Delaroche. When he registered as a copyist in the Louvre in 1844, he named his teacher as Michel Martin Drolling, a history and portrait painter who taught at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, but Fenton's name does not appear in the school records.

By 1847 Fenton had returned to London, where he continued to study painting under the tutelage of history painter Charles Lucy. They became friends and, starting in 1850, the two men served on the board of the North London School of Drawing and Modelling. In 1849, 1850 and 1851 Fenton exhibited paintings in the annual exhibitions of the Royal Academy.

Established in London
Fenton visited the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park in London in 1851 and was impressed by the photography on display there. He visited Paris to learn the waxed paper calotype process, most likely from Gustave Le Gray, who had modified the methods employed by William Henry Fox Talbot, its inventor. By 1852 Fenton had photographs exhibited in Britain. He travelled to photograph Kiev, Moscow and St. Petersburg, and also photographed views and architecture around Britain.

In 1853 the British Museum commissioned Fenton to record some of its collection of rare historical artefacts. He established an open-air studio on the museum's roof. Museum staff manhandled the items into the daylight and dusted them with chalk (to avoid reflections) for his procedures. These were unpaid commissions, but Fenton was allowed to sell the prints on his own account, eventually setting up a shop at the museum entrance.

Queen Victoria commissioned Fenton to produce a series of royal portraits in 1854. As well as formal studio portraits, he made informal tableaux vivants of the queen at Balmoral, Windsor Castle and Buckingham Palace.

Royal Photographic Society
In 1852, in collaboration with commercial photographer Antoine Claudet, Fenton published a manifesto: Proposal for the Formation of a Photographic Society. In 1853 he became a founder and first secretary of the London Photographic Society. It later became the Royal Photographic Society under the patronage of Prince Albert. In 1980, the RPS instituted the ‘Fenton Medal’ awarded to three or four members of the RPS each year, to acknowledge those members’ extraordinary service to the Society.

Crimean War
It is likely that in autumn 1854, as the Crimean War grabbed the attention of the British public, that some powerful friends and patrons – among them Prince Albert and Duke of Newcastle, Secretary of State for War – urged Fenton to go to the Crimea to record events. The London print publisher Thomas Agnew & Sons became his commercial sponsor. The resulting photographs may have been intended to offset the general unpopularity of the war among the British people, and to counteract the occasionally critical reporting of correspondent William Howard Russell of The Times. The photographs were to be converted into woodblocks for printing and published in the less critical Illustrated London News.

Fenton set off aboard HMS Hecla in February, landed at Balaklava on 8 March and remained there until 22 June. Fenton took Marcus Sparling as his photographic assistant, a servant known as William, and a large horse-drawn van of equipment. Due to the size and cumbersome nature of his photographic equipment, Fenton was limited in his choice of motifs. Because the photographic material of his time needed long exposures, he was able to produce only photographs of stationary objects, mostly posed pictures. He avoided taking pictures of dead, injured or mutilated soldiers. His images of people included a woman working as a vivandière.

Fenton photographed the landscape, including an area near to where the Charge of the Light Brigade took place. This event was made famous by Tennyson in his poem of the same name. Fenton's photograph does not show the actual site of the charge, which took place in a long, broad valley several miles to the south-east. In letters home soldiers had called the original valley "The Valley of Death", and Tennyson's poem used the same phrase.

In September 1855 Thomas Agnew put Fenton's photograph on show in London, as one of a series of eleven collectively titled Panorama of the Plateau of Sebastopol in Eleven Parts. He titled it as The Valley of the Shadow of Death, with a deliberate evocation of Psalm 23.

In 2007 American film-maker Errol Morris went to Sevastopol to identify the site of this "first iconic photograph of war". He identified the small valley, shown on a later map as "The Valley of the Shadow of Death", as the place where Fenton had taken his photograph (see right). Fenton had taken two pictures of this area, one with several cannonballs on the road, the other with an empty road. Opinions had differed concerning which one was taken first, but Morris spotted evidence that the photo without the cannonballs was taken first. He remains uncertain about why balls were moved onto the road in the second picture: perhaps, he notes, Fenton deliberately placed them there to enhance the image. The alternative is that soldiers were gathering cannonballs for reuse and they threw down balls from higher up the hill onto the road and ditch for collection later. Art historians, such as Nigel Spivey of Cambridge University, identify the images as from the nearby Woronzoff Road. In June 1855 illustrator and war correspondent William Simpson produced a watercolour of the Woronzoff Road, with a view downhill. It has cannonballs placed similarly to those shown by Fenton; Simpson's publisher too used the title "The Valley of the Shadow of Death". This is the location accepted by the local tour guides.

Despite undergoing summer high temperatures, breaking several ribs in a fall, suffering from cholera (the effects of which contributed to his early death ) and becoming depressed at the carnage he witnessed at Sevastopol, in all Fenton managed to make more than 350 usable large-format negatives. An exhibition of 312 prints was soon on show in London, and at various places across the nation in the months that followed. Fenton also showed them to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert and to Emperor Napoleon III in Paris. Nevertheless, he was disappointed at sales being less than he expected.

Post Crimea
Despite the lack of commercial success for his Crimean photographs, Fenton later travelled widely over Britain to record landscapes and still life images. As time passed, photography became more accessible to the general public. Many people sought to profit from selling quick portraits to common people. It is likely that Fenton, from a wealthy background, disdained 'trade' photographers, but he still wanted to profit from the art by taking exclusive images and selling them at good prices. This led to conflict with those of his fellow photographers who genuinely needed to make money from photography and were willing to 'cheapen their art' (as Fenton saw it). He also was in conflict with the Photographic Society, who believed that no photographer should soil himself with the 'sin' of exploiting his talent commercially in any manner.

Amongst Fenton's photographic subjects from this period are the City of Westminster, including The Palace of Westminster nearing completion in 1857. His are almost certainly the earliest images of the building, and the only photographs showing the incomplete Clock Tower.

Later life
In 1858 Fenton made studio genre studies based on romantically imaginative ideas of Muslim life, such as Seated Odalisque, using friends and models who were not always convincing in their roles. Although he became well-known for his Crimean War photography, his photographic career lasted little more than a decade. In 1862 he sold his equipment and abandoned the profession entirely, returning to the practice of law as a barrister. Although almost forgotten by the time of his death seven years later, he was later formally recognised by art historians for his pioneering work and artistic endeavour.

In 1862 the organising committee for the International Exhibition in London announced its plans to place photography, not with the other fine arts as had been done in the Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition only five years earlier, but in the section reserved for machinery, tools and instruments; they classified photography as a craft, for tradesmen. For Fenton and many of his colleagues, this was conclusive proof of photography's diminished status, and the pioneers drifted away.

Three of Fenton's children died in this decade: Josephine (d.1850). Ann (d.1855) and Anthony (d.1861); they are buried on the east side of Highgate Cemetery in a plot adjoining the grave of Christina Rossetti and Elizabeth Siddal.

Fenton moved with his remaining family from Albert Terrace, Regent's Park to Potters Bar, Middlesex, perhaps for healthier air. He died there at age 50 on 8 August 1869 after a week-long illness. His wife died in 1886. Their graves in the local churchyard were destroyed in 1969 when the Potters Bar church was deconsecrated and demolished.

In 2005, 90 of Fenton's images were included in a special exhibition devoted to this "most important nineteenth-century photographer" at the Tate Britain gallery, London. In 2007, Fenton was inducted into the International Photography Hall of Fame and Museum.

title: Roger Fenton


text:
User talk:Niteowlneils/Guide outline

This is a great idea and I think it would be very valuable. ATM it takes a long time to learn style because there are so many articles to hunt through; this would help a lot. ··gracefool |☺ 04:55, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Niteowlneils/Guide outline


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Roger Donaldson

Roger Lindsey Donaldson (born 15 November 1945) is an Australian and New Zealand film director, screenwriter, and producer. His 1977 debut film, Sleeping Dogs, is considered landmark work of New Zealand cinema, as one of the country’s first films to attract large-scale critical and commercial success. He has subsequently directed 17 feature films, working in Hollywood and the United Kingdom, as well as his native country.

Donaldson’s best-known films include the historical drama The Bounty (1984), the neo-noir No Way Out (1987), the romantic comedy Cocktail (1988), the Cuban Missile Crisis docudrama Thirteen Days (2000), the science-fiction horror film Species (1995), the disaster film Dante's Peak (1997), the Burt Munro biopic The World's Fastest Indian (2005), and the historical thriller The Bank Job (2008).

Donaldson has worked twice each with actors Kevin Costner, Pierce Brosnan, Anthony Hopkins and Michael Madsen. He is a recipient of three New Zealand Film and Television Awards. He is also an AACTA Award and Palme d’Or nominee. At the 2018 Queen's Birthday Honours, Donaldson was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to film.

Life and career
Donaldson was born in Ballarat, Victoria, where he attended Ballarat High School. In 1965 he emigrated to New Zealand, where he established a small still photography business and began making advertisements. Donaldson was also directing documentaries, including an adventure series featuring Everest-conquering New Zealander, Sir Edmund Hillary, as well as his first ventures into drama. Donaldson and actor/director Ian Mune collaborated on a number of projects for television, including anthology series Winners and Losers, based on short stories by New Zealand authors.

In 1976, Donaldson directed and produced his first feature, Sleeping Dogs. The film starred Mune and Sam Neill as two men fighting for their lives in a totalitarian New Zealand. He followed it with Smash Palace, starring Bruno Lawrence as a man who kidnaps his daughter after his marriage disintegrates.

Donaldson's international break came when producer Dino de Laurentiis invited him to direct an adaptation of Mutiny on the Bounty, after Lawrence of Arabia director David Lean left the project. The film, released as The Bounty, starred Anthony Hopkins as William Bligh and Mel Gibson as mutineer Fletcher Christian. Donaldson was nominated for a Golden Palm at the 1984 Cannes Film Festival for the film.

Donaldson went on to direct many popular and successful movies. His breakthrough American hit was the thriller No Way Out, starring Kevin Costner and Gene Hackman. Cocktail, starring Bryan Brown and Tom Cruise, was panned by critics but did very well at the box office, based largely on Cruise's starpower. The volcano disaster movie Dante's Peak, starring Pierce Brosnan and Linda Hamilton, helped restore Donaldson's status after a string of less successful films. Thirteen Days, a political thriller starring Kevin Costner, adapted The Kennedy Tapes, a book by Ernest R. May and Philip Zelikow, which was a detailed account of the Cuban Missile Crisis. He also directed science fiction tale Species, and in 2003, the Al Pacino and Colin Farrell film The Recruit. Donaldson wrote and directed The World's Fastest Indian, which released in 2005. The film starred Anthony Hopkins and depicted Burt Munro's successful attempts at motorcycle speed records at Bonneville Salt Flats in the 1950s.

His son Chris is a sprinter who has represented New Zealand at the Olympic level in 100m and 200m events.

In the 2018 Queen's Birthday Honours, Donaldson was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to film.

Film
Documentary film

Short film
 * Lawyers (2010)

Television
TV movies
 * Survey (1972)
 * Jocko (1981)

title: Roger Donaldson