text:
Talk:List of monarchs of Sussex

Untitled
The list appears to have been taken from Carpenter, Clive (1978) The Guiness Book of Kings, Rulers & Statesmen. Enfield.

Here is an extract from the conjectural king list in Slaughter's Rulers of the South Saxons before 825, URL anglo-saxonkingsofsussex2009.blogspot.com (I hope the Guiness Book of Kings, Rulers ahd Statesmen, Enfield, has an equivalent conjectural king list for Sussex, otherwise the above statement is misleading):

PART I. THE RECONSTRUCTED LIST OF RULERS (OR CONJECTURAL 'KING LIST') GIVING THEIR POSSIBLE STATUS AND REGNAL DATES c?410 TILL 825. THE AELLEAN WARLORDSHIP 477-514.

AELLE19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)~477-?491, Warlord and first Bretwalda (from ?493). AELLE AND CISSA ?491-514, Warlord and Co-warlord. Possible members of an Aellean Warmoot in 491: Aelle, Cissa (Cissa's eldest son by Menia/?Wenda<Brituenda), Maelle (?Aelle's brother), Wlanca (?Aelle's maternal uncle) and Cymen Wlencing (Wlanca's son).

THE CISSAN KINGDOM 514-567.

CISSA19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)514-567, Unitary King with 1) WINE CISSING/wrongly Winchel ?518-563, Co-ruling Royal Alderman (Cissa's son). 2) ?LLYWARCH/wrongly RhywyrchAethelwealh (talk) 19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)563-567, Co-ruling Brito-Saxon Alderman (Cissa's son-in-law). Possible founding members of an heriditary witan in 514: King Cissa (later with Alderman Wine Cissing), Cidta, Cildta (?Cissa's btothers), Maelle (?Aelle's brother) and Cymen Wlencing (?Aelle's maternal first cousin).

THE DEVOLVEMENT 567-?645.

KING CEAWLIN of Wessex19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)Aethelwealh (talk) 19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)567-592 as guardian overlord. (fathered Cuthwine ?by a daughter of Wine Cissing and ?great great grandfather of the Under King Ecgwald the ?younger brother of Ceowald Cuthwulfing) RICCEÓL AND RICWÚLF 567-?592Aethelwealh (talk) 19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC) Underkings to Ceawlin. (?sons of Llywarch/wrongly Rhywyrch by Cissa's daughter Aelhhild) KING CEOL of Wessex19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)592-597 as second guardian overlord. (eldest son of Cutha Cynricing) KING CEOLWULF of Wessex19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)Aethelwealh (talk) 19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)597-611 as third guardian overlord. (youngest son of Cutha Cynricing) KING CYNEGILS of Wessex19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)611-643 as fourth guardian overlord. (traditionally the son of Ceolwulf) KING CENWEALH of Wessex19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)Aethelwealh (talk) 19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)643-645 as fifth guardian overlord. (Cenwealh Cynegilsing, ?half-brother of Cwichelm and full brother of Centwine, ?Aethelwealh and St.Aethelwine of Athelney)

THE REALM OF THE TWO DYNASTIES ?645-772.

AETHELWEALH19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)~?645-?685, Unitary King and ?Penda's appointment. (?Cynegil's third son) BEORTHUN/ANDHUN19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)?685-686, Co-ruling Royal Aldermen. CAEDWALLA19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)Aethelwealh (talk)686-688, King of the West Saxons. (?Aethelwealh's natural sons) ECGWALD19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)?686-/688, Caedwalla’s Under-king. (?Nothhelm's father) NOTHHELM OR NUNNA19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)Aethelwealh (talk) 19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)?688-?722, Dominant King and ?Ine's appointment) with 1) WATT19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)Aethelwealh (talk)?688-?700, Co-ruling King and ?Ine's appointment (?Aethelwealh's eldest natural son), 2) AETHELSTAN19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)?700-?722, Co-ruling King and Ine's appointment (?Athelwealh's surviving? by son by Queen Eafe/?Aethelthryth's brother), 3) BRYNI19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)Aethelwealh (talk) 19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)?688-?704x705, co-ruling Duke of the South Saxons (?Aethelwalh's fourth natural son) and 4) OSRIC19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)Aethelwealh (talk) 19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)?704x703-?722. AETHELBERHT19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)~?722-?725, Dominant King and ?Ine's appointment. (?Aethelstan's son and Ealdberht's elder brother) AETHELSTAN19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)?722-?725 Aethelberht's co-ruling king AETHELBERHT19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)~?725-758 Unitary King and Ine's appointment. OSMUND19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)~758-772 Dominant King. (?Osric's first son/?grandson of Nothhelm and Queen Aethelthryth) EALDWULF (?Aethelberht's eldest son and Aethelwulf's brother), AELFWALD and Oslac (?Osric's youngest sons), Co-ruling Kings19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)758-772.

THE MERCIAN PROVINCE OF SUSSEX 772-825.

I. DUKES OF THE SOUTH SAXONS 772 TILL AFTER 791.

The Dukes of the South Saxons, under King Offa of the Mercians who died in 796. It appears that Offa would appoint a succeeding duke after the death of his predecessor. List developed from South Saxon Charters and dynastic naming patterns. OSWALD19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)~First Duke 772-?780. (?Osric's second son). OSLAC19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)Second Duke ?780-before 786. EALDWULF19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)19:00, 14 June 2010 (UTC)Aethelwealh (talk)Third Duke from before 786-after 791.

“Many of the dates of this time are unreliable and the list contains substantial gaps”: The dates are mostly fictional and whether there are gaps is a matter of speculation.

“The genealogy of the Kings has been largely lost”: There is no reason to suppose that a genealogy ever existed.

“some may have been sub-kings of the Haestingas, present-day East Sussex”: The territory of the Hæstingas did not correspond to East Sussex and the is no evidence of separate kings for the Hæstingas (nor for East Sussex).

“This was a time when spellings varied widely, even within a document”: This is true, but it is easy to establish the correct spelling, as Anglo-Saxon names are constructed from a standard pool of name forming elements. Also, it must be stressed that the original documents do not survive, except for one charter of Oslac, so they are now represented by later copies, and some of the variants are just copying errors.

Ælle, his three sons, their three ships, and their three battles are fictional: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Aelle_of_Sussex

The reign of Cissa is not mentioned by any source earlier than Henry of Huntingdon, who wrote during the years 1130 to 1154, and evidently used his imagination.

What is the historical basis for assumiing that Henry of Huntingdon evidently used his imagination? In Roger of Wendover's text an emandation is needed from 'died in 590' to 'died aged 90'. This is not so much the work of Roger's imagination, but more likely an example of Roger's falsifying the record for the purpose of filling-in an historical gap in South Saxon kingship. This might well have been done because neither Henry of Huntingdon nor Roger trusted the record on Ricceol and Ricwulf (Ceawlin's probable subreguli in Sussex, 567-592), who were Cissa's maternal Brito-Saxon grandsons. “unknown kings”: There is no evidence for the existence of kings in Sussex before the introduction of Christianity, which is when written records commenced.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles quote a list of those who held the Bretwaldaship. The list is headed by Aelle, King of the South Saxons. Whether one excepts this evidence or not is another matter, but a solid reason needs to be given for disregarding it.

The first historic king is Æðelwealh. As Wulfhere, King of Mercia, was sponsor at his baptism, and Wulfhere died in 675, Æðelwealh’s reign must have commenced in or before 675. He was killed at some point after Wilfrid, Bishop of York, arrived in Sussex, which was around 681, and before Cædwalla became king of Wessex, in 685.

Berthun and Andhun were mentioned by Bede, but he did not call them kings, just duces regii. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cædwalla laid waste to Kent in 686 and again in 687, which implies control of the intervening territory.

The next known king is Noðhelm, who was called Nunna for short. In 692 Noðhelm granted land to his sister Noðgyð. He was styled Nothelmus rex Suthsax’ in the body of the charter, but he signed it as Nunna rex Sussax’. Noðhelm’s last surviving charter, in which he was called Nunna rex Suthsax’, is dated 714, probably in error for 717, so his reign began in or before 692 and ended in or after 717.

Noðhelm’s charter of 692 was witnessed by Watt, who signed as Wattus rex, without any indication of his territory, but it is probable that he reigned in Sussex, because he also witnessed (again as Wattus rex) an undated charter (but before about 705) by Bruny dux Suthsax’ together with Nunna rex. He is also listed as a witness (as Uuattus rex) of a another charter, erroneously dated 775, which is believed to be a forgery. So, Watt’s reign began in or before 692, and extended at least to some date before about 705.

There is an undated charter of Noðhelm that is witnessed by Osric, as Osricus, without indication of rank or territory, but listed before (and therefore ranked higher than) the Bishop of Selsey (whose rank and see are also omitted). The charter can be approximately dated to some point between about 705 and 717.

Æðelstan witnessed Noðhelm’s last surviving charter, which is dated 714 in error for 717,, as Athelstan rex. There is no indication of his territory. The same charter was also witnessed by Queen Æðelðryð, as Edeldrið regina. There is no clue as to how she was related to the various kings.

The dates of Æðelberht’s reign are unknown beyond the fact that it overlapped at least in part with the bishopship of Sigeferth, who was consecrated in 733 and was still bishop in 747, as Sigeferth witnessed an undated charter of Æðelberht in which Æðelberht is styled Ethelbertus rex Sussaxonum. Another undated charter, in which he is called Adelbertus rex Australium Saxonum, is believe to be a forgery. He is also mentioned in an undated endorsement to a charter of Noðhelm as Ethilberchto rege.

Osmund was reigning in Sussex when Archbishop Cuðberht died in 760, so his rule commenced before that event. He also issued a charter dated 770 in which he is listed as Osmundus rex. So Osmund’s reign was from in or before 760 to between 770 and 772, as he witnessed a charter of Offa, King of Mercia, dated 772 as Osmund dux.

Ealdwulf issued an undated charter as Alduulf rex. Later, he issued an undated charter as Aldwlfus dux Suthsaxonum, and signed as Aldwlf dux,, and another, dated 711 in error for 791 as Aldwlfus dux Suthsaxonum with the subscription Ealdwlf.

Ælfwald witnessed Ealdwulf’s undated charter, corruptly recorded as Ælhuuald rex. He also witnessed a charter of Offa, King of Mercia, dated 772 as Ælbuuald dux, with his name placed after Oswald, Osmund, but before Oslac. He is not known to have issued charters of his own, and there is no reason to date his reign to “fl. 790’s”.

Oslac witnessed Ealdwulf’s undated charter, corruptly recorded as Osiai rex. He also witnessed a charter of Offa, King of Mercia, dated 772 as Oslac dux, with his name placed after Oswald, Osmund, and Ælfwald. His latest surviving charter is dated 790, and the original still exists; he is styled Oslac dux Suthsaxorum.

There is no evidence that Oswald was ever king, but he witnessed a charter of Offa, King of Mercia, dated 772 as Osuualdus dux Suðsax'. He was listed ahead of the three former kings Osmund, Ælfwald, and Oslac.

Finally, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recorded the death of Eadwine, Ealdorman of Sussex, in 982.

Hovite 15:04, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Re: "There is no reason to suppose that a genealogy ever existed"

 * There must have been a genealogy. Whether that genealogy revealed a relationship between the listed monarchs is another matter.

 * Any list of early events which were rudimentarily recorded from the outset is of course liable to inaccuracies, fiction and legend. This list perhaps to a greater degree than others. However it cannot be justified to discard the list out-of-hand just because the grains of truth cannot be made out from the fiction:  Better to include the list and heed it's flaws than not record the data at all.  Someday research may build on the details included herein.

 * As for the known inaccuracies in the list, fellow Wikipedians have license to amend the data as seen fit.
 * --JohnArmagh 15:00, 30 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Whatever else these rulers were, they were not "monarchs", as most ruled jointly.

Hovite 15:36, 23 September 2005 (UTC)

Cissa source
"born in 477, co-ruler 491, king in 514."

What's the source? ÞunoresWrǣþþe (talk) 08:35, 2 February 2017 (UTC)
 * He is in the Handbook of British Chronology. Their sources will be from Henry of Huntingdon, see for example Historia Anglorum p. 96-97 and Roger of Wendover a translation here Flowers of History p. 54. These sources are not regarded as particularly reliable, and Cissa is seen as being semi legendary at best. Wilfridselsey (talk) 10:31, 2 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Thanks, though I meant the dates. The ACS doesn't have any date except 514-516 for Aelle's death, and nothing about him being co-ruler (though as Aetheling this would likely happen when he was 12-14, an adult in Saxon society, which is confirmed by that date) or when he was born. I've also yet to meet an actual historian who doubts that Aelle and his three sons existed. The general consensus is that he absolutely did and all his actions mentioned in the ACS and by the Welsh are correct. ÞunoresWrǣþþe (talk) 11:28, 2 February 2017 (UTC)
 * I have removed the dates. They seem to have been educated guesses from the Chronicle (who mentions jointly Ælle and Cissa in 491, but does not state explicitly that they were co-rulers) and Henry (who claims that Ælle died around the time Stuf and Wihtgar arrived on the Isle of Wight), but I don't believe I have ever seen them in secondary sources, and these usually treat Cissa as a character from legend anyway. – Swa cwæð Ælfgar (talk) 08:01, 3 February 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of monarchs of Sussex


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Tom Siddon

Thomas Edward Siddon, (born November 9, 1941) is a Canadian aerospace engineer and politician.

Early life and education
Born in Drumheller, Alberta, Siddon pursued engineering, graduating from the University of Alberta in 1963, followed by earning his Masters and Doctorate in aeroacoustics from the University of Toronto, Institute of Aerospace. He became a professor at the University of British Columbia and founded an aero-acoustics firm, Siddon-Harford & Associates.

Siddon married Patricia Yackimetz in 1962, with whom he has 5 children. Yackimetz is the niece of Canadian-American psychologist Albert Bandura.

Political career
After serving as City Councillor in Richmond, British Columbia, for two years, he was first elected to parliament in a 1978 by-election as a Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) to represent the British Columbia riding of Burnaby—Richmond—Delta. He was successively elected in five federal elections between 1978 and 1993, and worked under several prime ministers.

When Brian Mulroney became leader of the PC Party, Siddon was appointed the party's science critic in the shadow cabinet. After the Tories won the 1984 election, he was given the post of Secretary of State for Science and Technology. During his time in this role, he established the foundation for the Canadian Space Agency and signed the International Space Station Agreement with the United States in 1984.

Siddon was promoted to the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans position on November 21, 1985, in the wake of the tunagate scandal that had forced the resignation of previous minister, John Fraser.

Siddon remained in the Fisheries post for five years, until 1990, overseeing one of the most important eras in Canadian fishing history. By the mid-1980s, it was evident that severe overfishing was soon going to have consequences. Siddon thus attempted to impose stiff quotas on the catch; however, in retrospect, Siddon did not go far enough, and in 1991, a complete moratorium on cod fishing had to be imposed.

In 1990, Siddon moved to the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development position. Shortly after his swearing-in, Siddon was left to tackle another crisis alongside his provincial counterpart John Ciaccia, as the Oka Crisis broke out.

Siddon's greatest legacies and successes were also achieved as Minister of Indian Affairs including the agreement in 1992 to create the new territory of Nunavut, the signing of the Saskatchewan Treaty Land Entitlement Framework Agreement, the signing of the Yukon Umbrella Final Agreement, and the establishment of the British Columbia Treaty Process. As a result of his work during his tenure as Minister, Siddon is recorded as the most successful comprehensive land claim negotiator in Canadian history.

When fellow British Columbian and ally Kim Campbell became PC leader and prime minister in 1993, Siddon was promoted to the senior cabinet, becoming Minister of National Defence on June 25, 1993. In this role, he was responsible for ordering new EH-101 navy helicopters to replace the aging Sea King helicopters. The deal was finalized, but the opposition Liberal Party of Canada made it an election issue and argued that the helicopters were too expensive. After winning the election, the Liberals cancelled the contract and incurred cancellation fees of $500 million (CAD). The Sea Kings have since had numerous crashes and require 30 hours of maintenance for every hour of flight time.

Siddon entered the 1993 election expecting a tough battle. His support for native land claims and his earlier fishing quotas had made him one of the top targets of the new Reform Party of Canada. Siddon ended up finishing third behind Raymond Chan of the Liberal Party and Nick Loenen of Reform.

After federal politics
Siddon returned to the private sector, but remained active in Tory politics. He supported Peter MacKay's leadership bid in 2003, and later became an early advocate of union between the Tories and Canadian Alliance.

Following his federal political career, Siddon remained active as a consultant, lecturer and corporate board member. He speaks frequently on the political challenges of combating global climate change and the long range implications for water supply management. Siddon was the founding chair of the Okanagan Water Stewardship Council, and a member of the RBC Blue Water Advisory Panel. In 2007, he was awarded a Doctorate of Laws from the University of British Columbia | Okanagan, received the University of Alberta Honour Award in 2009, the 2010 UBC Alumni Award of Distinction, and was the 2017 recipient of the University of Toronto Engineering Alumni Hall of Distinction Award.

Siddon made a return to politics when he was elected to the Board of Education in Penticton, BC in November 2008. His campaign was based on more openness by the board with fewer in-camera meetings. Siddon was also a strong vocal opponent to the board's decision to tear down a historic auditorium and gymnasium in the local high school. Following a successful three years on the School Board, in 2011 Siddon decided not to seek re-election, but rather ran for the position of Area 'D' Director for the Regional District of Okanagan Similkameen. Siddon defeated his two contenders, receiving 50.5% support in ballots cast. In 2014 he was re-elected as Area 'D' Director.

In February 2018, Siddon announced that he would be retiring from politics, and that he would not be seeking re-election in October 2018.

Lawsuit
Siddon was successful in settling out of court after hitting outspoken radio commentator Rafe Mair with a defamation lawsuit in the mid 1990s. Mair publicly apologized for comments made towards Siddon.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Tom Siddon


text:
Talk:Serra da estrela

As far as I can discern, Serra da estrela is a national park containing several mountains and not the name of the tallest mountain. Can anyone clarify?

From what I can ascertain on Google, the Serra de Estrela is a mountain range that is located in the Serra de Estrela Natural Park and that includes the highest peak (which either has no name of its own or is also called the Serra da Estrela).

P.S. Please sign your posts, it is much more "neighbourly" ;-).

Elf-friend 23:22, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Serra da estrela


text:
Rauli Somerjoki

Rauli Somerjoki (born Rauli Aarre Tapani Somerjoki; August 30, 1947 – January 14, 1987), known professionally as "Badding", was a Finnish rock singer born in the town of Somero into a family of five children. His records were published on such labels as Love Records.

Career
Badding Somerjoki founded his first band, The Five Yes, in 1963 and also played in the group Suomen Talvisota 1939-1940. He and M. A. Numminen caused a major scandal in 1966 with provocative songs like "Mitä nuoren aviomiehen tulee muistaa" ('What Young Husbands Should Remember') and "Jenkka ulkosynnyttimistä" ('Vulva Jenkka'), whose performance resulted in the interruption of the concert by the police although the lyrics were simply texts from factual books on marriage and sexuality available in public libraries.

Badding's most famous songs include "Fiilaten ja höyläten" (originally Reelin' and Rockin' by Chuck Berry); "Paratiisi" ('Paradise', a song composed by Badding himself and the lyrics written together with Arja Tiainen); "Bensaa suonissa" ('Gasoline in the veins', composed by Badding himself, with lyrics written by Jarkko Laine); "Ikkunaprinsessa" ('Window Princess', originally Glendora); "Tähdet, tähdet" ('Stars, Stars', a song made by Somerjoki himself); and "Laivat" ('Ships', 'Parakhody', originally a Russian popular song).

Badding started his solo career in 1970. He competed in the Syksyn sävel song contest with "Ja rokki soi" written by Matti ja Teppo.

During his later career, Badding worked with the Agents. His last gig took place in Seinäjoki on 28 December 1986. During the autumn, he had suffered many bouts of bronchitis. In January 1987, he died in Helsinki of alcohol-related ailments. He was only 39 years of age.

Studio albums

 * Synnyin rokkaamaan (1971)
 * Näin käy rock & roll (1974)
 * Sydän lämpöä täys (1975)
 * Rakkaudella – Raulilta (1982) / Sävel rakkauden (1986) / Bussi Somerolle (2001)
 * Ikkunaprinsessa (1982)
 * Tähdet, tähdet (1983)
 * Laivat (1985)

Several compilation albums and a tribute album have been also released.

Book
Aki Kaurismäki has used Somerjoki's music in his films and published a biography of Somerjoki titled Badding: Rauli Somerjoen elämä ja laulut (1996) written by Heikki Metsämäki and Juha Miettinen. Somerjoki also appeared in the film The Worthless (Arvottomat) by Mika Kaurismäki in 1982.

Docudrama film
In 2000 Markku Pölönen directed the film Badding, starring Janne Reinikainen about Somerjoki's life. (It is available on DVD, bundled with Pölönen's Onnen maa, a comedy drama about a Finnish farm family, featuring Finnish tango.)

title: Rauli Somerjoki


text:
User:Jonathanischoice

Interested in classical music, trombones, wine, cuisine, memetics, philosophy, combating various forms of codswallop (in particular, spurious health claims on food and supplement articles), cosmology and its problems, detractors and alternatives, geochemistry, botany, conifers, the quarterstaff, complexity, nonlinear systems, international relations, Open Source, and pretty much everything else too.

Articles I've enjoyed working on

 * Contrabass trombone GA DYK
 * Cimbasso GA
 * Serpent (instrument) GA
 * Soprano trombone GA
 * A-flat clarinet GA
 * Saxophones: soprillo, sopranino, contrabass, subcontrabass, tubax
 * Ophicleide
 * New Zealand wine
 * Marlborough wine region
 * Hawke's Bay wine region
 * An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
 * Anthony Whitaker
 * John Psathas
 * Orchestra Wellington
 * Dunedin Symphony Orchestra

Reviewed/Reviewing

 * Music of The Lord of the Rings film series GA
 * Monotron GA
 * White Diamonds GA1 (August 2023 Backlog Drive)
 * Tellico Dam GA (August 2023 Backlog Drive)
 * Matiu / Somes Island GA (August 2023 Backlog Drive)
 * Nausicaa (opera) GA

Current projects and preoccupations

 * Musical instruments
 * I said I wouldn't, but the trombone-related articles were in a bad state, so I fixed them up; the types of trombone article should never have happened, so its material was moved to sensible places: back to trombone, or to new articles: contrabass trombone, bass trombone, cimbasso, alto trombone, valve trombone, soprano trombone, and superbone; tenor trombone can mostly defer to the main trombone article. I suspect that a lot of the sackbut article should be reduced/cited/corrected, and even largely moved back to the history section of the main trombone article.
 * Articles about New Zealand, helping out on WP:NZ, and participating in Meetups/Wellington
 * New Zealand conductors, composers and orchestras; there is no article for SOUNZ (Toi te Arapūoru / Centre for New Zealand Music), and it needs to be an authority control source for New Zealand classical and contemporary music; many articles are incomplete and need photos/infoboxes.
 * Wine articles, particularly New Zealand wine and rare or unusual (often Italian) grape varieties, for example Sagrantino or Corvinone
 * Hooking things up in Wikidata
 * Contributing photos to Commons
 * Buffing references and citations in general wherever necessary
 * Reviewing article ratings, using the ORES predicted ArticleQuality score as a rough guideline (up to class B at least)
 * /sandbox

title: User:Jonathanischoice


text:
Serra da Estrela

Serra da Estrela is the highest mountain range in Continental Portugal. Together with the Serra da Lousã it is the westernmost constituent range of the Sistema Central and also one of the highest in the system. It includes mainland Portugal's highest point at 1993 m above mean sea level (although the summit of Mount Pico in the Portuguese Azores islands is higher). This point is not a distinctive mountain summit, but rather the highest point in a plateau, being known as Torre ("Tower" in English). Torre is an unusual summit in that it is accessible by a paved road. The peak has a topographic prominence of 1204 m and its parent peak is Pico Almanzor, in Spain.

The mountain range, situated between the municipalities of Seia, Manteigas, Gouveia, Guarda and Covilhã, is about 100 km long and is 30 km across at its widest point. It is formed from a huge granite ridge that once formed the southern frontier of the country.

Rivers
There are three rivers that have their headwaters in the Serra da Estrela: the Mondego, which is the longest river entirely within Portuguese territory; and the Zêzere, which is a tributary of the Tagus; a tributary of the Mondego, the Alva also has its headwaters in the range. It is 1691 m high.

Nature park
The mountain range is now part of the Serra da Estrela Natural Park and offers skiing opportunities in the ski resort of Loriga, Seia Municipality.

Serra da Estrela dog
The Cão da Serra da Estrela (Estrela Mountain Dog) is a breed of livestock guardian dog that takes its name from this region.

Serra da Estrela sheep and cheese
Queijo Serra da Estrela (Serra da Estrela cheese) is a soft cheese from the region of Serra da Estrela. The recipe is more than 2000 years old. It is made from cardoon thistle, raw sheep's milk and salt. The cheese is soft and gooey. The cheese becomes harder and chewier as time goes by. The region's ancient bordaleira sheep are also prized for their wool.

Cuisine
The region's cuisine is well-regarded and includes dishes such as breaded sweet sardines and Juniper beef stew. Smoked meat (fumeiro) and traditional sausages (enchidos) are in abundance, the nettle sausage (alheira de urtiga) among them. Though the region has a very small local Jewish population, it has emerged as a center for Kosher food, with local producers launching kosher versions of their olive oil, wine and cheesemakers obtaining kosher certification for some products.

Conchos dam
40.36392°N, -7.61092°W

The Serra da Estrela is also home to a hydroelectric system of dams, part of which is the Covão dos Conchos. The Covão dos Conchos looks like a natural sinkhole within the lake at first glance, but it was constructed as a spillway in 1955 and acts as a water diversion from Ribeira das Naves to Lagoa Comprida.

History, legends and myths
A legend associated with the mountain is mentioned in chapter 41 of the American literary classic, Moby-Dick:
 * "... the prodigies related in old times of the inland Strello mountain in Portugal (near whose top there was said to be a lake in which the wrecks of ships floated up to the surface)..."

Archaeological investigations have allowed a picture of life during the fifth millennium BC, the Early Neolithic to emerge, where small communities sustained themselves by small game hunting, the gathering of acorn and other winter fruits, and migratory pastoralism. The raising of sheep and goats, introduced to the region by the first Neolithic settlers - suggests that spring and summer were spent on high ground pastures and winter on the lower grounds of the river valleys. The significance of the Serra da Estrela in Neolithic culture can be seen in the discovery that megaliths in the Mondego River basin were predominantly built with an alignment that allowed the mountain range to be seen from within the inner chamber. At the same time the rise of Aldebaran, the brightest star of Taurus, behind the mountains could also be seen and its Heliacal rising in late April/early May could have been used as a temporal marker for the movement to the high pastures of Serra da Estrela. This archaeological narrative closely mirrors the local folklore that explains the name of the mountain range.

title: Serra da Estrela


text:
Johann von Lamont

Johann von Lamont, FRSE (13 December 1805 – 6 August 1879), born John Lamont, was a Scottish-German astronomer and physicist.

Biography
Lamont was born at Corriemulzie near Inverey in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The son of Robert Lamont (forester to Earl Fife) and Elizabeth Ewan, his education began at the local school in Inverey, near Braemar. In 1817 his father died and John was sent to be educated at St James' monastery (Scots Benedictine College) at Regensburg, Germany. He began to work in astronomy and joined the Bogenhausen Observatory, became its director in 1835, took his doctorate of philosophy in 1830 and became professor of astronomy in 1852 at Munich University. At the observatory he undertook the task of creating a star catalog that had about 35,000 entries.

In 1845 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

His most important work was on the magnetism of the Earth. He performed magnetic surveys in Bavaria and northern Germany, France, Spain, and Denmark. He discovered a magnetic decennial period (ten-year cycle) and the electric current in the Earth closing the electric "circuit" creating the magnetic field in 1850. This roughly matched the eleven-year sunspot cycle discovered by Heinrich Schwabe.

He calculated the orbits of the moons of Uranus and Saturn, obtaining the first value for Uranus' mass. By chance he observed Neptune in 1845 and twice in 1846, but did not recognize the object as being a new planet.

He died, unmarried and without children, in Munich, Germany, on 6 August 1879. His considerable wealth was used to found scholarships in sciences. He is buried in Bogenhausen Churchyard on the edge of Munich.

Publications
Lamont is the author of Handbuch des Erdmagnetismus (1849).

Honours
His many honours include ForMemRS and FRSE. In 1867 he was awarded the Merit Order of the Bavarian Crown by the King of Bavaria, through which Lamont was ennobled and permitted to use the predicate "von". The statue on his tomb in Munich has him with an open hand, into which the locals put small coins. In 1934 the Deeside Field Club erected a granite memorial cairn in his memory at Inverey, Scotland. It was unveiled by Sir James Jeans.

The following astronomical features were named in his honour:
 * Lamont (Martian crater).
 * Lamont (lunar crater).

Obituaries

 * MNRAS 40 (1880) 208
 * Obs 3 (1879) 155

title: Johann von Lamont


text:
User talk:Myrth~enwiki

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Category:Wikipedians who like NationStates
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title: User talk:Myrth~enwiki


text:
Y. P. Varshni

Yatendra Pal Varshni (21 March 1932 - ) was a scientist in the areas of physics and astrophysics.

Early life and education
Varshni studied at Allahabad University, where he obtained his B.Sc in 1950, his M.Sc in 1952, and his Ph.D in 1956. He published his first research paper in 1951 at the age of 19. He served as an assistant professor in the Physics Department of Allahabad University from 1955 to 1960.

Career
He emigrated to Canada as a postdoctoral fellow at the National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada in July 1960, where he worked in theoretical physics under Ta-You Wu for two years. In July 1962, he was appointed as assistant professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Ottawa. He became associate professor in July 1965 and professor in July 1969. He retired in June 1997 and was then appointed as Emeritus Professor.

Varshni worked in several areas of physics and astrophysics. He proposed a semi-empirical relation for the temperature dependence of the energy gap in semiconductors which became known as the Varshni Equation. He developed the laser star model of quasars, which was not accepted by the astronomical community. He published more than 260 research papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals, and contributed three biographies to the Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Varshni was the Ph.D advisor of David Joseph Singh.

Honours
He was made a Fellow of the American Physical Society, Institute of Physics (UK) and Royal Astronomical Society (UK). He was also a member of the American Astronomical Society and the Astronomical Society of India.

title: Y. P. Varshni


text:
User talk:Jonathanischoice

A barnstar for you
For outstanding work on creating and improving articles about the family of trombone instruments. --Marshelec (talk) 23:33, 2 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks so much! It's quite lonely out there in the wastelands of low brass articles...—Jon (talk) 09:54, 5 September 2022 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Royal New Zealand Ballet logo.png
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Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --Minorax «¦talk¦» 07:23, 4 September 2022 (UTC)

 * @Minorax go ahead, it seems it was replaced with an SVG in April, so it's no longer needed.—Jon (talk) 20:52, 4 September 2022 (UTC)

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Guild of Copy Editors December 2022 Newsletter
Sent by Baffle gab1978 via MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:26, 9 December 2022 (UTC)

Guild of Copy Editors December 2022 Newsletter error
The GOCE December 2022 newsletter, as sent on 9 December, contains an erroneous start date for our December Blitz. The Blitz will start on 11 December rather than on 17 December, as stated in the newsletter. I'm sorry for the mistake and for disrupting your talk page; thanks for your understanding. Sent by Baffle gab1978 via MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 21:30, 9 December 2022 (UTC)

Bugle
Thank you for paying attention to the bugle article, which I just discovered the condition of. The last person who had a gripe which got him editing was understandable, although the edit was not. I have been working on Nafir and Clarion (instrument), which had me ready to do a quick brain dump on the history of bugle, right before I went out the door of my house. I will attend to the referencing. Thank you Jacqke (talk) 22:46, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @Jacqke all good, I was mainly concerned about the bucina/animal horn section. I'm sure most of it is probably true but it needs to be published somewhere in a good ref Jon (talk) 22:50, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I appreciate your paying attention; I don't always catch vandalism on our pages and I'm always happier to see something was reversed. I'll get this finished tonight. Best wishes, Jacqke (talk) 23:49, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Sorry about the frequent edits; unfortunately, I am flitting back and forth to get the information I need. I think I am finished for the time being. I have to get ready for the work week. I can look at this again in about 5 days. I think I covered most things, but I'll take time to re-read as I can. I am not sure what to do about the links tonight. Maybe I can see about better links next week. I appreciate your looking this over and please let me know any issues you see. My forte is stringed instruments and I have had a steep research curve with trumpets. Best wishes, Jacqke (talk) 03:55, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @Jacqke no worries, I might be able to have a go at tweaking the refs during the week. I've got several good brass ref works on the shelf I can use too, to verify/adapt things. Thanks for wading in though - this article was in a pretty woeful state, several others need work too (trumpet!) Cheers — Jon (talk) 04:02, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your edits on bugle. I made a few more this morning and changed the tag to refimprove (for the final unsourced paragraph). There is a lot more to add in for history, and maybe I can tackle that later after I have more refs on hand. I think I am finished with bugle, at least until I have completed work on Clarion (instrument) and Nafir. Best wishes Jacqke (talk) 14:11, 19 January 2023 (UTC)

Euphonium
Hi, I was listening to a delightful Euphonium piece on RNZ this evening, and thought I would look up the history of the instrument. The piece was Sparke's Pantomine, although the performance was New Zealand SO/Bruce Hangen, Anyway, I looked at the article Euphonium. It is in need of some care and attention. I know you have many other interests, but perhaps you could find some time to give this article a boost ? Marshelec (talk) 05:24, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * @Marshelec I'd love to :) I'm in the middle of a keyed trumpet and bugle stint at the moment, but I'll get to it soon — Jon (talk) 05:30, 16 January 2023 (UTC)

New Zealand wine
Kia ora, I thought it might be useful to record my initial impressions of looking at this article for the first time. It seems quite long, and this will make it a large task for the nominator and reviewer in the GA process. I wonder if it would be helpful for readers to have the detailed content under Wine regions of New Zealand split off into a "child" article, with just a summary and a graphic about this aspect left in the main article ? This would make it easier for the reader to get an overall view of wine in New Zealand, and dive off into the separate article about regions if they were keen. It will also make it less work to get the parent article through the GA process. I note that the queue of articles nominated, but waiting for a volunteer reviewer, shows that (unsurprisingly) reviewers will often choose shorter articles in the queue, and long ones can be waiting for months. However, I also understand that wine regions is an essential element of the subject, and that you may be hesitant to split it off. I will look at the article in more detail over the next few days, and come back with any further impressions or suggestions. Marshelec (talk) 00:54, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * @Marshelec thanks for having a look. Shall we do it properly as a peer review (there's a subst template we can use)? I've had the same thoughts about the regions a couple of years ago, and started split them off, so far Hawke's Bay and Marlborough (Central Otago was already done). — Jon (talk) 06:25, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * If you would like to use a formal review template, please go ahead.
 * Here is one snippet of more detailed feedback: the article should mention Samuel Marsden:
 * In 1819, Marsden introduced winegrowing to New Zealand with the planting of over 100 different varieties of vine in Kerikeri, Northland. He wrote:
 * New Zealand promises to be very favourable to the vine as far as I can judge at present of the nature of the soil and climate Marshelec (talk) 07:11, 5 February 2023 (UTC)
 * yes - I'd like to rework the early history, with Busby, Bragato, and the Dalmation gum-diggers as well (very odd, I thought Marsden was mentioned in there, but seemingly not). Meanwhile, I've split off Auckland wine region, Waiheke Island wine region, and Canterbury wine region, although I did Waiheke Island first, which might have been a mistake because it's a sub-region of Auckland and now I have information in two places. Do you think I should merge/redirect it back into Auckland? Nelson, Northland, Gisborne and Wairarapa still to do; Northland might be hard to justify with WP:GNG, and arguably there's also 13 hectares in "Waikato/BOP", which while mentioned separately in the NZW reports, is not a GI, and almost entirely consists of the Chardy and Pinot vineyards at Te Kauwhata — Jon (talk) 20:50, 16 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Also, "I have no doubt, but New Zealand will be the finest Country in the world for Wine from what I saw. If Grape-Vines get into the Island they will be ready for any one who may come afterwards and turn his attention to these things— The Chief Sons who are [f] with me visit our Orchards, and Vineyards; and are much astonished to see the fruit, and anxious to promote their Growth in their own Country." — Jon (talk) 03:46, 16 August 2023 (UTC)

Guild of Copy Editors 2022 Annual Report
Sent by Baffle gab1978 using MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:30, 6 February 2023 (UTC)

A barnstar for you!

 * @BoyTheKingCanDance: Thank you so much! — Jon (talk) 02:39, 24 February 2023 (UTC)

Brass instrument photos
Kia ora Jonathan, great meeting you in Wellington. Just reporting back that I've had a long chat with Johannes and yes, he's going to upload photos when he's back from an overseas trip. They are doing all their photos themselves, hence no issues with having to talk a photographer into releasing the photos. And he's going to dig out a photo of his old man, too.  Schwede 66  22:35, 14 March 2023 (UTC)
 * How absolutely magnificent, and good to meet you too! — Jon (talk) 23:10, 14 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Hi just curious, did anything come of this? — Jon (talk) 23:28, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I did get in touch with a reminder but no, nothing's been forthcoming.  Schwede 66  09:42, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

Shore's score
Many thanks for the review. You may be curious about how the article was before? Like this... Your impression? All the best, Chiswick Chap (talk) 08:47, 21 March 2023 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Contrabass trombone
Hi there, I'm pleased to inform you that I've begun reviewing the article Contrabass trombone you nominated for GA-status according to the criteria. This process may take up to 7 days. Feel free to contact me with any questions or comments you might have during this period. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Amitchell125 -- Amitchell125 (talk) 08:43, 26 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Cheers! — Jon (talk) 00:25, 27 March 2023 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Contrabass trombone
The article Contrabass trombone you nominated as a good article has been placed on hold. The article is close to meeting the good article criteria, but there are some minor changes or clarifications needing to be addressed. If these are fixed within 7 days, the article will pass; otherwise it may fail. See Talk:Contrabass trombone and Talk:Contrabass trombone/GA1 for issues which need to be addressed. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Amitchell125 -- Amitchell125 (talk) 20:02, 28 March 2023 (UTC)

Father Yardin's article on wine-growing
As promised, here's a link to the article Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 23/Article 61 Beeswaxcandle (talk) 01:41, 2 April 2023 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Contrabass trombone
The article Contrabass trombone you nominated as a good article has passed ; see Talk:Contrabass trombone for comments about the article, and Talk:Contrabass trombone/GA1 for the nomination. Well done! If the article has not already appeared on the main page as a "Did you know" item, or as a bold link under "In the News" or in the "On This Day" prose section, you can nominate it within the next seven days to appear in DYK. Bolded names with dates listed at the bottom of the "On This Day" column do not affect DYK eligibility. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Amitchell125 -- Amitchell125 (talk) 08:23, 2 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Well done and congratulations!  Schwede 66  08:35, 2 April 2023 (UTC)
 * @Schwede66 cheers, and thanks to you both for the tips and encouragement! I'm super excited actually, and learned heaps in the process. How does the DYK thing work? — Jon (talk) 08:41, 2 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I note that there are only 25 articles in en:Category:GA-Class musical instruments articles, so this is an especially good achievement. More please :). Also, there are only 5 articles in en:Category:FA-Class musical instruments articles. Hint :)..Marshelec (talk) 04:21, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * First thing: think about a good hook sentence. Something that's interesting to a broad audience. Format is:
 * Did you know ... that blah blah blah? (pretty simple really; must be within 200 characters, though)
 * You can supply just one hook or as many as you want. You can set this up with just one hook and add other hooks later. Once you've got a hook sorted, head to this page, read the instructions, hit the blue button and fill out the form. Submit an image as part of this. Once done, please say so. I shall then take a look that everything is fine.  Schwede 66  02:58, 6 April 2023 (UTC)
 * cheers - I've had a go, here: Template talk:Did you know — Jon (talk) 11:00, 6 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Looking splendid!  Schwede 66  15:08, 6 April 2023 (UTC)

DYK for Contrabass trombone
BorgQueen (talk) 12:02, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Precious
You are recipient no. 2850 of Precious, a prize of QAI. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 12:56, 2 May 2023 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Cimbasso
Hi there, I'm pleased to inform you that I've begun reviewing the article Cimbasso you nominated for GA-status according to the criteria. This process may take up to 7 days. Feel free to contact me with any questions or comments you might have during this period. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Schminnte -- Schminnte (talk) 17:43, 13 May 2023 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for May 14
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Your GA nomination of Cimbasso
The article Cimbasso you nominated as a good article has passed ; see Talk:Cimbasso for comments about the article, and Talk:Cimbasso/GA1 for the nomination. Well done! If the article has not already appeared on the main page as a "Did you know" item, or as a bold link under "In the News" or in the "On This Day" prose section, you can nominate it within the next seven days to appear in DYK. Bolded names with dates listed at the bottom of the "On This Day" column do not affect DYK eligibility. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Schminnte -- Schminnte (talk) 07:43, 16 May 2023 (UTC)

Concern regarding Draft:Chief Historian of New Zealand
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Deletion discussion about Valve attachment
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Welcome to Wikipedia! I edit here too, under the username Pbsouthwood and it's nice to meet you :-)

I wanted to let you know that I've asked for a discussion about the redirect Valve attachment, created by you. Your comments are welcome at.

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· · · Peter Southwood (talk): 04:39, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

Guild of Copy Editors June 2023 Newsletter
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Request for applications for position of Wikipedian-at-Large, Aotearoa New Zealand
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Invitation to consider doing a GA review
Hi Jon, I would like to invite you to give at least brief consideration to undertaking a GA review of the article Tellico Dam. It is an interesting story of environmental and legal battles, and big government versus the little people. This may be well outside your area of interest, or you may be too busy, so this invitation is "just-in-case" you are interested. The background to my invitation is:
 * I came across this article in the list of GA nominations, when a request had been made for a second opinion. I had a look at the article and noted that it is an interesting and High importance article (representing a major and famous case in the legal history of environmental issues in the USA). However, the prose was not up to the required level and there were multiple other issues. I failed the article. See: Talk:Tellico Dam/GA1. My comments are under Second opinion.
 * Despite failing the article, I felt sympathy for the editor. While a few points were addressed by the editdor after my review, I decided that rather than just leaving it, I would undertake further improvements myself. I put in a fair bit of work in improving multiple aspects, but did not rework every sentence. I explained that I would not be eligible to do a GA review again because I had now contributed.
 * Shortly after my work on the article, the editor nominated it again for GA review.
 * The next reviewer failed the article again, on the grounds that the prose was not sufficiently concise. I felt this was a bit harsh. The standards for Featured Article clearly require the highest level of prose, but it seems to me that prose in a GA does not have to be of the absolutely highest standards. Here is a link to the second GA review: Talk:Tellico Dam/GA2
 * The editor has nominated the article again, and it is in the backlog of GA nominations. It would be good to see this article finally make the grade. It just needs someone to work through it again and (hopefully), after some exchanges with the nominator for various improvements, it could be passed.

However, this topic may not interest you, or you may be too busy, or both. Marshelec (talk) 21:30, 2 August 2023 (UTC)
 * happy to help, will have a look later tonight.—Jon (talk) 23:53, 2 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Great. If you decide that you can take this on, I will offer to chip in and try to rework and improve some of the more clumsy sentences that remain. You could perhaps focus on aspects other than prose while I do this. However, I know it is quite a lot of time commitment for you, so I absolutely understand if you decide not to go ahead. Marshelec (talk) 00:13, 3 August 2023 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Serpent (instrument)
Hi there, I'm pleased to inform you that I've begun reviewing the article Serpent (instrument) you nominated for GA-status according to the criteria. This process may take up to 7 days. Feel free to contact me with any questions or comments you might have during this period. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Marshelec -- Marshelec (talk) 22:23, 13 August 2023 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Serpent (instrument)
The article Serpent (instrument) you nominated as a good article has passed ; see Talk:Serpent (instrument) for comments about the article, and Talk:Serpent (instrument)/GA1 for the nomination. Well done! If the article has never appeared on the Main Page as a "Did you know" item, and has not appeared within the last year either as "Today's featured article", or as a bold link under "In the news" or in the "On this day" prose section, you can nominate it within the next seven days to appear at DYK. Bolded names with dates listed at the bottom of the "On this day" column do not affect DYK eligibility. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Marshelec -- Marshelec (talk) 03:01, 16 August 2023 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Soprano trombone
Hi there, I'm pleased to inform you that I've begun reviewing the article Soprano trombone you nominated for GA-status according to the criteria. This process may take up to 7 days. Feel free to contact me with any questions or comments you might have during this period. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Marshelec -- Marshelec (talk) 08:21, 16 August 2023 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Soprano trombone
The article Soprano trombone you nominated as a good article has passed ; see Talk:Soprano trombone for comments about the article, and Talk:Soprano trombone/GA1 for the nomination. Well done! If the article has never appeared on the Main Page as a "Did you know" item, and has not appeared within the last year either as "Today's featured article", or as a bold link under "In the news" or in the "On this day" prose section, you can nominate it within the next seven days to appear at DYK. Bolded names with dates listed at the bottom of the "On this day" column do not affect DYK eligibility. Message delivered by ChristieBot, on behalf of Marshelec -- Marshelec (talk) 03:40, 17 August 2023 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Amati Kraslice logo.png
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Thank you for participating in the August 2023 GAN backlog drive
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September GOCE newsletter
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Nausicaa GA review
Hello Jonathanischoice.

I'd like to thank you once more for your review.

Before the review talk page was closed, I was working on some details, based on your comments.

Here are the last changes I made.

And, since you probably didn't notice it, I would like to ask for your opinion on these two links (the riskier one and the safer one): could we include any of them as "External links"?

Thank you for your time and effort. L'OrfeoSon io 13:26, 21 October 2023 (UTC)

"Worn (instrument)" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Worn_(instrument)&redirect=no Worn (instrument)] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Anyone, including you, is welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. TartarTorte 19:45, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

Invitation to an in-person meetup in Mohua / Golden Bay
Thinking about your summer break? Think about joining other Wikipedians and Wikimedians in Golden Bay / Mohua! Details are on the meetup page. There's heaps of interesting stuff to work on e.g. the oldest extant waka or New Zealand's oldest ongoing legal case. Or you may spend your time taking photos and then upload them.

Golden Bay is hard to get to and the airline flying into Tākaka uses small planes, so we are holding some seats from and to Wellington and we are offering attendees a $200 travel subsidy to help with costs.

Be in touch with Schwede66 if this event interests you and you'd like to discuss logistics.  Schwede 66  09:14, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

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Planning ahead for 2024-25 - a major Wiki project ?
Kia ora :). In February, Wikimedia Aotearoa New Zealand will begin planning its submission to the Wikimedia Foundation for funding for the 2024-25 period (commencing July 2024). WANZ will need to submit the grant application in March. Following from our previous discussions, please consider if you might be in a position to undertake a major Wiki-related project during the 2024-25 period, and if so, let us have an outline by early February. This could be in draft form, and would not be a binding commitment. However, if you can get us something (ideally by 8 February) we can take this into account in preparing our submission to WMF for funding for the 2024-25 year. Thanks. Marshelec (talk) 22:27, 7 January 2024 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for January 19
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Help with Energy Capital Partners
Hi. I'd appreciate your help with a request for changes I am suggesting for the Energy Capital Partners article. My COI keeps me from making these edits myself. You've made helpful and constructive contributions to similar pages in the page, including the The Carlyle Group which sold Energy Capital Partners the Liberty Tire subsidiary. Thank you Californiabri19 (talk) 15:14, 31 January 2024 (UTC)

Upcoming event in Auckland
You might be interested in an upcoming event in Auckland. Wikimedia Aotearoa is having a WikiCon! WikiCon Aotearoa 2024 is the annual gathering for all new and experienced editors of Wikipedia, Wikidata, Wikimedia Commons, and Wikisource projects. Anyone interested in editing is welcome to attend. This conference is organized by Wikimedia Aotearoa New Zealand (WANZ). It aims to provide training to new editors, to encourage editors to learn new skills, to grow the Wiki community in Auckland and to ensure that we have a fun weekend. Food and refreshments provided.

When: Saturday 23 March - Sunday 24 March 2024

Where: Auckland University of Technology - Sir Paul Reeves Building - WG Building 2 Governor Fitzroy Place, Auckland.

Cost: $10, fully catered, sponsorship / registration fee waiver available

We are offering full scholarships (registration, travel & accommodation) to attend - please contact [mailto:info@wikimedia.nz info@wikimedia.nz] for more information.

To see the full programme as it develops check out the Wikipedia Event page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiCon_Aotearoa/Auckland_2024

To register: https://events.humanitix.com/wikicon-aotearoa-2024 CopperAlchemy (talk) 00:57, 14 February 2024 (UTC)

We invite you to stand for the WANZ Committee
Kia ora Wikimedia Aotearoa New Zealand (WANZ) members.

We invite you to consider standing for the WANZ Committee at our AGM 22 April 2024 to help shape and influence events and decisions.

The role of Secretary will be vacant. We are also interested in succession planning for the future. Please email info@wikimedia.nz for the Secretary Job Description, and the document outlining the relationship and tasks between the Secretary and the Executive Advisor position, as the Executive Advisor is now picking up day-to-day administration tasks from the Secretary.

If you would like to come along to a meeting and watch the committee in action before deciding whether to stand please reach out.

If you are interested and want to know more please contact our President Victoria Leachman by calling 021 490 329 or emailing president@wikimedia.nz.

Warm regards

Victoria Leachman (President) CopperAlchemy (talk) 02:22, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

Helmut Finke
Kia ora from Mohua, I've now put on my work list to translate the Helmut Finke article into English. I've done a wee bit of tidying and referencing on the German article already, and that tells me that it's too thinly sourced to survive on the English Wikipedia. Do you have any book or other sources that can help establish GNG?  Schwede 66  07:19, 11 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I can't find much in English-speaking sources, I'm afraid. I've ordered a copy of biographies which may shed some more light, one of instrument builder Zig Kanstul in LA, and one of Roger Bobo. He's mentioned in the "Vent-holes" entry in the Cambridge Encyclopedia as the maker of a modified natural trumpet. I haven't looked in Ed Tarr's book The Trumpet yet, there might be something in there. I'll keep looking though. —Jonathanischoice (talk • contribs) 22:02, 13 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks for looking! Could you write down the relevant text of the "Vent-holes" entry? Or send me a scan / photo of it? Do you have my email address?  Schwede 66  03:19, 14 April 2024 (UTC)
 * @Schwede66 The entry describes the coiled vented natural trumpet conceived in "the late 1950s" by Berlin maker Otto Steinkopf: "The instrument was produced by the trumpeter and instrument-maker Helmut Finke and used by Walter Holy for live performances and recordings with the Cappella Coloniensis." He's mentioned in other books mainly to do with this instrument (IA text search), e.g. in Baines (1976) p. 241 Jon (talk) 20:15, 14 April 2024 (UTC)
 * The instrument in question: https://museumcollections.rcm.ac.uk/collection/Details/collect/1974
 * That is a lot of mentions. I reckon that'll do the trick. Thanks so much.  Schwede 66  21:29, 14 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Finke is also covered in Sabine Klaus' truly awesome magnum opus, Trumpets and other High Brass; details anon by email.

Precious anniversary
--Gerda Arendt (talk) 07:45, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

Pending changes reviewer granted
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Being granted reviewer rights neither grants you status nor changes how you can edit articles. If you do not want this user right, you may ask any administrator to remove it for you at any time.

See also: Extraordinary Writ (talk) 23:56, 22 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Reviewing pending changes, the guideline on reviewing
 * Reviewing pending changes, when to accept an edit

June 2024
Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. Regarding your edits to Xaphoon, please use the preview button before you save your edit; this helps you find any errors you have made and prevents clogging up recent changes and the page history, as well as helping prevent edit conflicts. Below the edit box is a Show preview button. Pressing this will show you what the page will look like without actually saving it.

It is strongly recommended that you use this before saving. If you have any questions, contact the help desk for assistance. Thank you.  -  Sumanuil  '''. ''' (talk to me) 23:52, 2 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Thanks, but I've been here for nearly 20 years and this time I was away and using the mobile editor, which is admittedly not ideal for complex edits. Anyway, it appears that the Xaphoon article has bigger problems, including WP:COI editing, lack of WP:RS and possible notability.—Jon (talk) 00:22, 3 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Yeah, it does. Just be careful.  -  Sumanuil  .  (talk to me) 00:26, 3 June 2024 (UTC)

Photography of musical instruments - for Wikimedia Commons
Hi Jonathanischoice, if you are still keen to go ahead with arranging for professional quality photographs of rare/ unusual musical instruments for Wikimedia Commons, please see my email of 14 June and get back to me. Cheers, Marshelec (talk) 22:40, 15 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Hi @Marshelec - done. Cheers! — Jon (talk) 00:40, 17 June 2024 (UTC)

Greetings and query
Hi there, I don't think we've had the pleasure, which is unusual since we seem to be working in similar realms. In any case, awesome job with your low brass articles thus far—please let me know if I can ever be of assistance: researching, reviewing etc. Re, how so? The link seems to be working for me; how'd you hear about this?  Aza24  (talk)   04:59, 25 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Hi - thanks! It can often seem quite lonely out here in the outer spiral arms of the brass instrument galaxy. I guess with that edit I was making a less-than-good-faith remark about how relying on the Internet Archive to prop up previous efforts by the British Library to host their own content in the seemingly better-funded past is not a great look for them, or for the articles trying to source or cite it. Perhaps I've been reading too much lately about how the internet as we once knew it is disappearing and being replaced by pointless JavaScript-only "apps" whose only purpose is to stop you from downloading Instagram images or YouTube videos without first signing up, logging in, donating everything you see think feel or visit to unaccountable transnational tax-evading megacorporations owned by sociopathic grasping billionaires, and having adverts rammed down your neck, to the point where Google won't even let you run an ad blocker in Chrome; or by vast quantities of hollow, meaningless drivel generated by ChatGPT; forums have been replaced by Reddit and Discord, proprietary applications with no ability to link, search, cite, or even read without an account. I have similar misgivings about Exlibris, which compared to just running Koha makes library catalogues awful, slow, inaccessible, un-linkable piles of pointless JavaScript-ridden unusable crap. Google Arts & Culture is the same. Gosh, this seems to have turned into a rant. Sorry! — Jon (talk) 21:06, 25 June 2024 (UTC)
 * My own apologies for the late response. Very interesting observations and I suppose I agree for the most part. Google Arts & Culture has always appeared as a bizarre hodgepodge of well presented information, but at the same time mostly a mirror for other sites. I suppose their high-quality images can be exceptional though.  Aza24  (talk)   20:35, 15 July 2024 (UTC)

Upcoming Edit-a-thon Event in Wellington
Te Papa is hosting an edit-a-thon on Saturday 13 July 2024 between 10am and 4pm. Lunch will be provided. The theme of the edit-a-thon is Te Papa Expeditions and editors will be working on updating wikipedia articles and wikidata on expeditions, people, places, ships, and species. Come along to learn more. It’s free and lunch will be provided. Register here: https://tepapamuseum.rezdy.com/652753/expeditions-editathon More information on this event page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Meetup/Wellington/Expeditions_Edit-a-thon_13_July_2024 We hope to see you there. Einebillion (talk) 01:32, 2 July 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jonathanischoice


text:
Talk:Nuclear photonic rocket

Laser technology
Too bad Sanger wasn't around for the invention of lasers. See my discussion of the relativistic rocket problem. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Relativistic_rocket

(Onerock 23:40, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC) At short range, the force of the laser beam could be multiplied by bouncing the light back and forth repeatedly between two retro-reflectors. This would provide a good take-off boost until the reflections start missing the reflectors. If a laser gun and one reflector are on the moon and the other reflector is on a projectile a short distance away, it might be possible to impart a significant amount of momentum to the projectile.

A solar light sail can be propelled by the pressure of ultra high energy laser or maser beams. A solar light sail can use natural sun light to achieve a velocity of 300 to 3000 km/sec by flying within .10 A U (930,000 miles ) of the sun. The laser or maser beams would be based on earth, or the inner solar system. If the laser or maser beams have enough  power  they can accelerate a space craft to near the velocity of light.

 * Unfortunately, light is made up of waves and obeys the law of diffraction. To focus light beams over interplanetary distances requires apertures of hundreds of kilometers in diameter. DonPMitchell (talk) 00:27, 5 July 2008 (UTC)

Some questions
I've just substantially rewritten this article, and I'm left with a number of questions we should try to address:

 * Why is a hotter temperature better? Certainly the blackbody radiation flux density goes up as something like the 4th power of temperature, but is this important?  10W of infrared photons carries the same momentum as 10W of ultraviolet, so making things hotter seems to just make things harder to deal with. (probable answer (not clear from article): Higher temperatures produce more photons because the greater difference in temp between the emitter and the background means more photons travelling outwards - radiative cooling goes up as the 4th power.) (121.222.165.152 (talk) 09:52, 12 August 2008 (UTC)Another Answer - hotter means the radiating area is less for the same power level. A radiator 10 times hotter needs to be 1/10,000th of the size. The bulk of vehicle mass is probably tied up in the radiator.)

 * Why convert to electricity then back to thermal energy? If we convert nuclear heat to electricity surely a more efficient emitter of photons (such as a gas discharge light) would make sense.  Otherwise, why not just have the core radiating directly as exhaust? (Answer: This is a nuclear light bulb - NLB)

 * Are lasers better still? A laser does not require collimation to the same extent and could perhaps be directly pumped from the reactor. (Answered; however the physic faq states that a direct antimatter graser (gamma ray laser) would be the best choice, which is basically my intuition.  We should distinguish between theoretically uncertain, theoretically possible, and existing technologies carefully in an article like this)

 * Where is the line between photonic rockets and Fission-fragment rocket? (Partially answered: What is the advantage of hanging onto spent fuel? If spent fuel is worthless why not use it as exhaust?)

 * Are non-nuclear photonic rocket plausible? (Answered: yes, but not practically)

 * Considering the huge energy requirements, where does a photonic rocket make more sense than say an ion drive or non-photonic nuclear drive?

njh 05:21, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

Ok, thanks for the corrections, there are still issues, I believe:

 * Why is cooling and aux power a show stopper for a NLB rocket? If I have a NLB generating 10GW of light out the back I can always mount a few solar panels and illuminate them through a tiny hole in the mirror.  Cooling is best done in space with radiation, which is what we're doing!  So I don't buy those arguments.

 * Saying 'For this reason pure nuclear light bulb type photon engines are not used.' sounds a bit like 'We don't use warp drives because we don't have transparent aluminum', we currently don't use any serious nuclear propulsion. I've removed this sentence.

Thanks Tmayes1965 for answering some of my questions! njh 23:02, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It doesn't make sense to me to say that a NPR has an Isp = c, just because the exhaust is photons. While technically correct, it's misleading, since you have many times that amount of nuclear fuel you need to carry.  It seems to me it's better viewed as Ns / kg, where the mass measured is the nuclear fuel carried, not the photons being expelled.  On a similar note, it would actually be *more* efficient to expel the used fuel, for two reasons.  First, it reduces the final mass to expel used fuel along the way, thus improving mass ratio and delta-V.  Second, if the energy is imparted into the additional mass and so the nuclear fuel is expelled as exhaust mass, then the Isp goes up -- the same energy spread over 4 times the mass produces half the velocity but twice the momentum, and therefore twice the impulse. Evand 21:11, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Fission Laser Rocket
The article says that a 100 ton space ship using 3 Mw of laser power for propulsion would achieve speeds of over 500 km/s over 20 years. However, when I tried to calculate the speed that the vehicle would reach, the result I came up with was that even 100% efficient lasers would only achieve a pitiful 126 m/s. I may have made a mistake, but I think that the article is wrong.

The setup mentiond in the article seems like a pretty foolish way to build a rocket. Why use millions of very small lasers instead of a few big ones? And why use lasers at all when nuclear light bulbs can produce a much higher specific power and ion engines can convert electric power into thrust much more efficiently?--Todd Kloos 06:21, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I get the same result. Accordingly, I have deleted the section, which really had very little of value after that. Evand 04:15, 17 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I had been just about to fix that error. The information was based upon a old article I had on my computer, and I only recently tried to check the maths myself. I posted it because it is a way such rockets can be built, and 'laser rockets' are often cited in science fiction. Even the most optomistic fission-photonic design I could come up with can only achieve 50kmps. Given the number of articles on nuclear propulsion, would an article highlighting the fundimental limits of such technology be useful? The |Atomic Rocket page contains much information in this reguard. Even if you assume advanced technology or new physics technology (Nuclear magic rocket?) the very limits of the fuel itself stop you from building the kinds of engines you get in space opera. Upshot of the article being if you make you engine too powerful you'll irradiate your crew, melt your engine or make it a mile across, and could use your fuel up very quickly. Given the lack of direct information about nuclear fuels, I'm not sure this point is made sufficiently clear. ANTIcarrot 12:43, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

Radioisotope rocket
The accidental radioisotope rocket produced by New Horizons follows the same principle, though of course on a far smaller scale.

title: Talk:Nuclear photonic rocket


text:
Council of Ireland

The Council of Ireland was a statutory body established under the Government of Ireland Act 1920 as an all-Ireland law-making authority with limited jurisdiction, initially over both Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland, and later solely over Northern Ireland. It had 41 members: 13 members of each of the Houses of Commons of Southern Ireland and of Northern Ireland; 7 members of each of the Senates of Southern Ireland and of Northern Ireland; and a President chosen by the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. It never met and was abolished in 1925.

Purpose
Under Section 2 of the 1920 Act, the Council was established with the following purpose:

Under Section 7 of the 1920 Act, the Council could make orders concerning matters which were within the remit of the respective Parliaments of Southern and Northern Ireland. The Council's Orders required royal assent in the same way Bills of either of the Parliaments also required such assent.

Establishment
The Council was duly established on the "Appointed Day", 3 May 1921. On 23 June 1921, the House of Commons of Northern Ireland duly elected its 13 chosen members to the Council:

 * Robert Anderson
 * J. M. Andrews
 * Milne Barbour
 * Dawson Bates
 * William Coote
 * James Craig
 * Herbert Dixon
 * William Grant
 * Robert Johnstone
 * Crawford McCullagh
 * Samuel McGuffin
 * Robert McKeown
 * David Shillington

The House of Commons of Southern Ireland was a body which although established, never functioned and never elected members to the Council; most of its members instead sat in the republican Second Dáil. In fact, the Council of Ireland never met.

Adaptation of Council under Treaty
The Anglo-Irish Treaty made provision for the continuation of the Council of Ireland after the Irish Free State was established. Under the Treaty, if Northern Ireland chose to opt out of the Irish Free State (as in fact it subsequently did), the Council was to continue but the Council's powers could then only be applied to Northern Ireland and not to the Irish Free State. While its functions only applied to Northern Ireland, its membership continued to be 40: 20 selected by each of the Parliaments of the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland respectively and one by the King's representative. Therefore, after the Treaty, it was no longer the all-Ireland body originally envisaged as its powers applied only to Northern Ireland. Instead, it was a body in which the Irish Free State might influence the affairs of Northern Ireland and consequently was increasingly distrusted by the Government of Northern Ireland. The Council never met.

On 23 January 1922 Michael Collins, then head of the Provisional Government in Dublin, met Sir James Craig, then Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, in London, and they agreed amongst other matters that: "The two Governments [are] to endeavour to devise a more suitable system than the Council of Ireland for dealing with problems affecting all Ireland."

Abolition
After the collapse of the Irish Boundary Commission in 1925, the 1921 Treaty was amended 3 December 1925 by agreement between United Kingdom, Northern Ireland and Irish Free State governments. The Council of Ireland was essentially abolished, as it was transferred to the care of the Northern Ireland government that did not intend to work towards a united Ireland in the foreseeable future. Under Article 5 of that Agreement it was declared that:

title: Council of Ireland


text:
Gwerful Mechain

Gwerful Mechain (fl. 1460–1502), is the only female medieval Welsh poet from whom a substantial body of work is known to have survived. She is known for her erotic poetry, in which she praised the vulva among other things.

Life
Gwerful Mechain lived in Mechain in Powys. Little is known of her life, but it is generally accepted that she was a descendant of a noble family from Llanfechain.

Her father was Hywel Fychan of Mechain in Powys, her mother was named Gwenhwyfar, and she had at least four siblings (three brothers and a sister). She married John ap Llywelyn Fychan and had at least one child, a daughter named Mawd.

Work
She is perhaps the most famous female Welsh-language poet after Ann Griffiths (1776–1805), who was also from northern Powys. Her work, composed in the traditional strict metres, including cywyddau and englynion, is often a celebration of religion or sex, sometimes within the same poem.

Probably the most famous part of her work today is her erotic poetry, especially Cywydd y Cedor ("Poem to the Vagina"), a poem praising the vulva. In it, she upbraids male poets for celebrating so many parts of a woman's body but ignoring "the girl's middle". "Let songs to the quim grow and thrive", she adjures her readers. "Noble bush, may God save it".

She actively participated in the poetic culture of her day. Many of her surviving poems are examples of ymrysonau (poetic or bardic rivalry) with contemporaries such as Dafydd Llwyd of Mathafarn, Ieuan Dyfi and Llywelyn ap Gutun.

title: Gwerful Mechain