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Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal

The Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal (CGDSM) is a military decoration of the United States Coast Guard that was established 4 August 1949 and is presented to coast guardsmen for "Exceptionally meritorious service to the government in a duty of great responsibility." Prior to this date, members of the Coast Guard were eligible to receive the Navy Distinguished Service Medal. The Homeland Security Distinguished Service Medal, which replaced the Transportation Distinguished Service Medal in 2002, is another higher precedence Distinguished Service Medal that may be awarded to Coast Guardsmen. The Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Army's Army Distinguished Service Medal, Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Air and Space Forces' Air Force Distinguished Service Medal.

Criteria
The Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal is awarded to coast guardsmen who distinguish themselves by exceptionally meritorious service to the United States Government in a duty of great responsibility. The medal may also be awarded to members of the uniformed services of the United States who distinguish themselves while working with the U.S. Coast Guard. The exceptional performance of duty must be clearly above what is normally expected and must have contributed materially to the success of a major command or project. The decoration is typically awarded to senior flag officers, such as the Commandant of the Coast Guard. However, this does not preclude the award of the medal to any person who meets the eligibility requirements.

The bestowing authority of the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal is the Secretary of Homeland Security. Prior to 2003, the award was authorized by the Secretary of Transportation, and prior to 1967, it was authorized by the Secretary of the Treasury.

Devices
Additional awards of the CGDSM are denoted by $5/16$ inch gold stars.

Notable recipients

 * Admiral Jonathan Greenert - Chief of Naval Operations
 * Admiral Alfred C. Richmond, first recipient of the medal, 1961
 * General Richard Myers, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
 * General Peter Pace, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 2005
 * General Norman Schwarzkopf Jr., Commander of Operation Desert Storm, 1991
 * General Eric Shinseki US Army Chief of Staff
 * General Colin Powell Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
 * Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard Rick Trent, first enlisted recipient of the medal, 1998
 * Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard Vincent W. Patton III
 * Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard Frank A. Welch
 * Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard Charles W. Bowen
 * Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard Michael P. Leavitt

title: Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal


text:
Ohio Senate

The Ohio Senate is the upper house of the Ohio General Assembly. The State Senate, which meets in the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus, first convened in 1803. Senators are elected for four year terms, staggered every two years such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even numbered seats and odd numbered seats are contested in separate election years. The president of the Ohio Senate presides over the body when in session, and is currently Matt Huffman.

Currently, the Senate consists of 26 Republicans and 7 Democrats, with the Republicans controlling three more seats than the 22 required for a supermajority vote. Senators are limited to two consecutive terms. Each senator represents approximately 349,000 Ohioans, and each Senate district encompasses three corresponding Ohio House of Representatives districts.

Composition

 * 135th General Assembly (2022-2023)

Leadership
Other Officers

Clerk: According to the Rules of the Senate, the clerk is elected by the members of the Senate and is tasked with maintaining records of all Senate bills and resolutions. The clerk is also responsible for handling all documents received from other government departments.

Members of the 135th Senate
[[File:Ohio Senate 2023–25.png|thumb|300x300px|Senate districts by party

]]

 * *Senator was originally appointed

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ohio Senate


text:
Blackwall DLR station

Blackwall is a Docklands Light Railway (DLR) station in Blackwall, London, England. It is located very close to the northern entrance to the Blackwall road tunnel under the River Thames. The station is on the Beckton branch of the DLR between Poplar and East India stations.

The DLR station opened, with the Beckton Branch, on 28 March 1994. There was a previous station very close to this site, called Poplar station, which was served by the London and Blackwall Railway from 6 July 1840 to 3 May 1926. Poplar station was along the route of Aspen Way just to the south and east of the DLR station. Blackwall station on the London and Blackwall Railway was actually farther east, on what is today Jamestown Way. A crossover west of the station allows trains from Beckton and Poplar to reverse here.

Services
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour from Blackwall is:
 * 6 tph to Tower Gateway
 * 6 tph to Bank
 * 6 tph to Beckton
 * 6 tph to Woolwich Arsenal

Additional services call at the station during the peak hours, increasing the service to up to 16 tph in each direction.

Connections
London Buses route 15 serves the station.

title: Blackwall DLR station


text:
Christopher Pearse Cranch

Christopher Pearse Cranch (March 8, 1813 – January 20, 1892) was an American writer and artist.

Biography
Cranch was born in the District of Columbia. His conservative father, William Cranch, was Chief Judge of the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia, while his brother John was a painter.

He graduated from Columbian College (now George Washington University) in 1835 before attending Harvard Divinity School and becoming a licensed preacher. He traveled as a Unitarian minister, preaching in Providence, Andover, Richmond, Bangor, Portland, Boston, Washington, and St. Louis. Later, he pursued various occupations: a magazine editor, caricaturist, children's fantasy writer (the Huggermugger books), poet (The Bird and the Bell with Other Poems in 1875), translator, and landscape painter. He lived much of his life in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He married Elizabeth DeWindt in 1843.

Though not one of its founding members, Cranch became associated with the Transcendental Club; he read Ralph Waldo Emerson's Nature by December 1836 and beginning in June 1837 served as a substitute editor of the Western Messenger in the absence of James Freeman Clarke. For that journal, Cranch reviewed Emerson's Phi Beta Kappa address at Harvard in August 1837 known as "The American Scholar". He referred to the speech as "so full of beauties, full of original thought and illustration" and its author as "the man of genius, the bold deep thinker, and the concise original writer". Cranch's connection with the Transcendentalists ultimately diminished his demand as a minister.

His poetry was published in The Harbinger and The Dial among other publications. He sent "Enosis", which Hazen Carpenter noted as perhaps Cranch's most well-known poem, to Emerson for The Dial on March 2, 1840.

As an artist, Cranch painted landscapes similar to the work of Thomas Cole, the Hudson River School, and the Barbizon school in France. In one foray into historical painting, Cranch depicted the burning of P. T. Barnum's American Museum in New York City. Later in life, Cranch painted scenes from Venice and Italy. Cranch's caricatures of Emerson were later bound as Illustrations of the New Philosophy: Guide. Perhaps his most well-remembered and recognized artwork is a hand-drawn caricature illustrating Emerson's concept of the "transparent eyeball". In 1850, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate Academician, and became a full Academician in 1864.

He died at his home in Cambridge on January 20, 1892, and was buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Massachusetts.

Works

 * Poems (1844)
 * The Last of the Huggermuggers, A Giant Story (1855)
 * Kobboltozo, A Sequel to the Last of the Huggermuggers (1857)
 * The Aeneid of Virgil (translation, 1872)
 * Satan: A Libretto (1874)
 * The Bird and the Bell with Other Poems (1875)
 * Ariel and Caliban with Other Poems (1887)

title: Christopher Pearse Cranch


text:
Tampere United

Tampere United is a Finnish football club from the city of Tampere. The club plays in Kakkonen, the fourth highest level of football in Finland.

The club had a team in Veikkausliiga, the premier football league in Finland, until the end of the 2010 season. It was excluded from participating in Finnish football during the 2011 season amidst suspicions of money laundering. The club was kept alive by its supporters, who entered a team called TamU-K in Kutonen, the lowest level of football in Finland, in 2012. The club earned three promotions in four years, and all its teams were taken over by Tampere United in the lead up to the 2016 season. Tampere United is now a fan-owned club and controlled by the same supporters who ran TamU-K.

History
The club was formed in July 1998. The initial plan was to merge two local football clubs FC Ilves and TPV but TPV decided to continue as its own team. FC Ilves continued to play in lower divisions and Tampere United inherited its place in the second highest division.

In their first season, 1999 they won promotion to the top division, 15 months after the formation of the club. During season 2000 they reached sixth place in the league. In their third season 2001 they won the Finnish championship.

In 2002, they finished in fifth place, and in 2003, third place. In 2006, Tampere United won their 2nd Finnish Championship and one year later, in 2007, they were the champions yet again taking home their 3rd title.

During the 2007 season, Tampere United also reached the third qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League. Tampere defeated Bulgarian champions Levski Sofia 2–0 on aggregate in the second qualifying round. Tampere United failed to reach the Champions League group stage when Rosenborg BK defeated them 5–0 on aggregate. In the UEFA Cup first round, United lost to Girondins de Bordeaux 4–3 on aggregate.

Exclusion and collapse
On 14 April 2011 the club were suspended indefinitely by the Football Association of Finland because they had received money from a dubious company based in Singapore, known for involvement in fixed games and money laundering. The club was excluded from the 2011 season of Veikkausliiga. Players under contract were released due to lack of funds.

The club did not participate in any league in 2012 or 2013. In April 2013 the Turku Court of Appeal found the former CEO Deniz Bavautdin and the former chairman of the board Harri Pyhältö guilty of money laundering.

Revival by the supporters
Supporters of Tampere United founded a supporters' trust in 2009 after the club had hit financial difficulties. The aim was to help fans gain a voice within the club and to buy shares of the club.

In 2012 the supporters' trust founded a new team named after the supporters' trust, TamU-K, In 2012 the team played in Kutonen, the bottom division in Finnish football, and gained promotion to Vitonen. The promotion playoff match that decided promotion had the attendance of 441. In 2013 the team was promoted to Vitonen and in 2014 the team made it to penalties in the promotion playoff and lost. After another season in Nelonen TamU-K was promoted to Kolmonen,

In the lead up to the 2016 season, Tampere United took over all the teams that played under TamU-K. Thereby the first team played in Kolmonen in 2016, and after the season it got promoted Kakkonen. In 2017 Tampere United finished sixth in Kakkonen Group B and in 2018 it finished ninth in Group C, and remains in Kakkonen in the 2019 season.

Honours
Veikkausliiga
 * Champions: 2001, 2006, 2007

Finnish Cup
 * Champions: 2007
 * Runners-up: 2001, 2009

Finnish League Cup
 * Champions: 2009
 * Runners-up: 2011

Finnish Regions’ Cup
 * Champions: 2021

Managers

 * 🇫🇮 Harri Kampman (1999–2000)
 * 🇫🇮 Ari Hjelm (2001–2010)
 * 🇫🇮 Jarkko Wiss (2011)
 * 🇫🇮 Antti Pettinen (2011–2012)
 * 🇫🇮 Mika Suonsyrjä (2012–2015)
 * 🇫🇮 Mikko Mäkelä (2016–2018)
 * 🇿🇦 Leroy Maluka (2018)
 * 🇫🇮 Mourad Seddiki (2019)
 * 🇫🇮 Jukka Listenmaa (2020–)

title: Tampere United


text:
Fleming, Ohio

Fleming is a small unincorporated community in rural eastern Barlow Township, Washington County, Ohio, United States.

Located along State Route 550 between Barlow and Marietta, it is surrounded by farmland dotted with occasional trees. It lies near the Wayne National Forest. The headwaters of Wolf Creek, a stream that meets the Muskingum River at Waterford to the north, flow near Fleming.

History
Fleming was laid out in 1853. A post office called Fleming was established in 1866.

title: Fleming, Ohio


text:
Properties of the Holy See

The properties of the Holy See are regulated by the 1929 Lateran Treaty signed with the Kingdom of Italy. Although part of Italian territory, some of them enjoy extraterritoriality similar to those of foreign embassies.

Extraterritorial property

 * Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran (Arcibasilica di San Giovanni in Laterano)
 * Basilica of Saint Mary Major (Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore)
 * Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls (Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura) (the complex includes also the Benedictine monastery, the Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo and the Pontifical Beda College).
 * Lateran Palace, Lateran University, the Scala Santa and adjoining buildings,
 * Palace of St Callixtus (Palazzo San Callisto) - home of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum.
 * Certain buildings on the Gianicolo Hill, namely the Pontifical Urbaniana University, the Pontifical North American College, the Ukrainian Pontifical College of Saint Josaphat, the Romanian Pontifical College and the Bambino Gesù Hospital.
 * Palazzo della Cancelleria between the Corso Vittorio Emanuele II and Campo de' Fiori.
 * Palazzo di Propaganda Fide (the Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples) in the Piazza di Spagna.
 * Palace of the Holy Office - home of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in the Piazza del Sant'Uffizio and adjacent to the Basilica of St. Peter.
 * Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches (formerly Palazzo dei Convertendi in Piazza Scossacavalli), in Via della Conciliazione (rione of Borgo)
 * Palazzo Pio in Via della Conciliazione (in exchange for Palazzo della Dataria)
 * Palace of the Vicariate (also called Palazzo Maffei Marescotti) in Via della Pigna off the Corso Vittorio Emanuele II near the Piazza del Gesù
 * Pontifical Minor Roman Seminary
 * Campo Santo Teutonico
 * The larger part of Paul VI Audience Hall (the rostrum with the papal throne, however, is part of Vatican territory).
 * The Jesuit Curia Complex

Non-extraterritorial property

 * Palace of the Holy Apostles attached to the Basilica dei Santi Apostoli.
 * Palace attached to the Church of San Carlo ai Catinari
 * Collegio Bellarmino in Via del Seminario near the Church of Sant'Ignazio.
 * Archaeological Institute, Pontifical Oriental Institute, Pontifical Lombard Seminary and the Russian College on Piazza Santa Maria Maggiore.
 * The two Palaces of Sant'Apollinare between the Piazza Sant'Apollinare and Via della Serola.
 * The House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul, including the Nympheum of Nero, on the Caelian Hill.

Former extraterritorial property

 * Palazzo della Datarìa near the Quirinal Palace (not a property of the Holy See anymore; exchanged for Palazzo Pio)

Extraterritorial property

 * Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo, the Gardens of the Villa Cybo, Villa Barberini plus adjacent gardens, the summer estate of the Pontificio Collegio Urbano di Propaganda Fide and the papal farm between the towns of Castel Gandolfo and Albano Laziale (around 55 ha).
 * Area of Santa Maria di Galeria, where the antennae of Vatican Radio are located. The area was ceded by Italy to the Holy See in an agreement in 1951.

Non-extraterritorial property

 * The Basilica of the Holy House (Santa Casa) at Loreto, Province of Ancona.
 * The Basilica of St Francis at Assisi, Province of Perugia.
 * The Basilica of St Anthony at Padua, Province of Padua.
 * The Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope, Graham County, Arizona, US.

The Fundamental Accord, signed in 1993, grants property rights and tax exemptions to the Holy See over various Christian holy sites in Israel, but the agreement was never finalized because of diplomatic problems between the Vatican and Israeli governments.

title: Properties of the Holy See


text:
Reform (think tank)

The Reform Research Trust is a think tank which publishes its own research and also publishes papers from external authors. It was founded by Nick Herbert (later a Conservative MP) and Andrew Haldenby.

The trust is a private limited company with charitable status. The name "The Reform Research Trust" was first registered with companies house on 4 March 2004 and as a charity on 13 May 2004.

The trust is funded by large donations from businesses and smaller donations from individuals.

The Reform Research Trust publishes reports on a variety of issues, adopting what it considers to be an evidence-based approach to public policy.

It has published reports on health and education reform, Britain's regional economic performance, the economic position of young people, and on the tax and welfare system.

People
Previous deputy directors include Liz Truss, who subsequently became Prime Minister, and Nick Seddon, who was appointed as a Senior Policy Advisor for Health and Social Care to Prime Minister David Cameron.

Advisory board

 * Baroness Nicky Morgan, former Secretary of State
 * Björn Savén, chairman, IK Investment Partners Ltd.
 * Dame Clare Moriarty, Former Permanent Secretary, Department for Exiting the European Union
 * Dame Meg Hillier, Member of Parliament for Hackney South and Shoreditch
 * Deborah Cadman, Chief Executive, West Midlands Combined Authority
 * Robert Nisbet, Former Senior Political Correspondent, Sky News
 * Katie Perrior, Former Director of Communications, No. 10 Downing St.
 * Caroline Flint, former Labour MP and Minister
 * Sir Peter Gershon, former senior civil servant

Trustees

 * James Palmer, Chair
 * Catherine Davies, Managing Partner, Monticle
 * Dr Lara Stoimenova, Managing Partner, Sigma Economics
 * Jeremy Sillem, Managing Partner and co-founder of Spencer House Partners

Speakers at the trusts events have included:
 * Andy Burnham and Sadiq Khan (Labour);
 * Theresa May and Jeremy Hunt (Conservative);
 * Danny Alexander and Norman Lamb (Liberal Democrat).

Name of trust
The Trust was originally named "The Reform Research Trust" however it sometimes refers to itself as the abbreviated "Reform" such as the website www.reform.uk which has led to some disputes regarding the name.

In November 2020 the trust voiced its opposition to the electoral committee when the Brexit Party, a British political party, intended to change its name to Reform UK. The charity feared that its non-partisan status would be brought into disrepute by the name change, and requested for the party to come up with an alternative. In January 2021, the Electoral Commission approved of the Brexit Party's name change to Reform UK.

Funding
In November 2022 Reform was given a 'B' grade for funding transparency by Who Funds You?, meaning that they named at least 85% of donors that provided more than £5,000 of funding.

title: Reform (think tank)


text:
User talk:Argus~enwiki

38 y/o Dutch journalist from the Netherlands. Be my guest, write stuff for me ;-)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Argus. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Argus~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Argus~enwiki


text:
Intellectualism

Intellectualism is the mental perspective that emphasizes the use, development, and exercise of the intellect, and is identified with the life of the mind of the intellectual. In the field of philosophy, the term intellectualism indicates one of two ways of critically thinking about the character of the world: (i) rationalism, which is knowledge derived solely from reason; and (ii) empiricism, which is knowledge derived solely from sense experience. Each intellectual approach attempts to eliminate fallacies that ignore, mistake, or distort evidence about "what ought to be" instead of "what is" the character of the world.

Moreover, hierarchical intellectualism is a theory of intelligence which postulates that the mental capabilities that constitute intelligence occur and are arranged in a hierarchy ranging from the general to the specific, e.g. the I.Q. test.

Ancient moral intellectualism
The Greek philosopher Socrates (c. 470 – 399 BC) said that intellectualism allows that "one will do what is right or [what is] best, just as soon as one truly understands what is right or best"; that virtue is a matter of the intellect, because virtue and Knowledge are related qualities that a person accrues, possesses, and improves by dedication to the use of Reason. Socrates's definition of moral intellectualism is a basis of the philosophy of Stoicism, wherein the consequences of that definition are called "Socratic paradoxes", such as "There is no weakness of will", because a person either knowingly does evil or knowingly seeks to do evil (moral wrong); that anyone who does commit evil or seeks to commit evil does so involuntarily; and that virtue is knowledge, that there are few virtues, but that all virtues are one.

The conceptions of Truth and of Knowledge of contemporary philosophy are unlike Socrates's conceptions of Truth and Knowledge and of ethical conduct, and cannot be equated with modern, post–Cartesian conceptions of knowledge and rational intellectualism. In that vein, by way of detailed study of history, Michel Foucault demonstrated that in Classical Antiquity (800 BC – AD 1000), "knowing the truth" was akin to "spiritual knowledge", which is integral to the principle of "caring for the self".

In effort to become a moral person the care for the self is realised through ascetic exercises meant to ensure that knowledge of truth was learned and integrated to the Self. Therefore, to understand truth meant possessing "intellectual knowledge" that integrated the self to the (universal) truth and to living an authentic life. Achieving that ethical state required continual care for the self, but also meant being someone who embodies truth, and so can readily practice the Classical-era rhetorical device of parrhesia: "to speak candidly, and to ask forgiveness for so speaking"; and, by extension, to practice the moral obligation to speak truth for the common good, even at personal risk.

Medieval theological intellectualism
Medieval theological intellectualism is a doctrine of divine action, wherein the faculty of intellect precedes, and is superior to, the faculty of the will (voluntas intellectum sequitur). As such, Intellectualism is contrasted with voluntarism, which proposes the Will as superior to the intellect, and to the emotions; hence, the stance that "according to intellectualism, choices of the Will result from that which the intellect recognizes as good; the will, itself, is determined. For voluntarism, by contrast, it is the Will which identifies which objects are good, and the Will, itself, is indetermined". From that philosophical perspective and historical context, the Spanish Muslim polymath Averroës (1126–1198) in the 12th century, the English theologian Roger Bacon, the Italian Christian theologian Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), and the German Christian theologian Meister Eckhart (1260–1327) in the 13th century, are recognised intellectualists.

title: Intellectualism


text:
Bothwell Castle

Bothwell Castle is a large medieval castle, sited on a high, steep bank, above a bend in the River Clyde in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located between Bothwell and Uddingston, about 10 mi south-east of Glasgow. Construction of the castle was begun in the 13th century by the ancestors of Clan Murray, to guard a strategic crossing point of the Clyde. Bothwell played a key role in Scotland's Wars of Independence, changing hands several times.

The huge cylindrical donjon was built in the 13th century, but before the rest of the castle was completed it was severely damaged in a series of sieges. Rebuilding in the early 15th century enlarged the castle, but it was abandoned by the 18th century. The present ruin is rectangular, with the remains of the donjon to the west, and the later Great Hall to the east. The courtyard is enclosed by long curtain walls, with round towers at the south-east and south-west corners. The castle was described by Scottish archaeologist William Douglas Simpson as one of the "foremost secular structures of the Middle Ages in Scotland".

History
King David I granted the barony of Bothwell to David Olifard (or Olifant), Justiciar of Lothian, in the mid 12th century. The lands passed to his descendants including his daughter who had married William de Moravia son of William son of Freskin, who was deceased by 1226 circa. Then by 1252 the barony became the property of their son Walter de Moravia, or Walter of Moray He began construction of the castle, but by the start of the Wars of Scottish Independence in 1296, only the main donjon, the prison tower, and the short connecting curtain wall were completed. Foundations of the remainder were probably in place, and would have been defended by a wooden palisade.

Wars of Scottish Independence
The forces of King Edward I of England invaded Scotland at the start of the war, and seized Bothwell. The castle was at this time held by Walter's son, William Moray of Bothwell. The English garrison holding the castle was besieged by the Scots for 14 months in 1298—1299, and eventually capitulated. Edward I returned in 1301, capturing the castle once more with a force of 6800 men, and specially constructed siege engines. Bothwell became the headquarters of Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Edward's appointed Warden of Scotland, and remained in English hands for several years.

Following Robert the Bruce's victory at Bannockburn in 1314, the castle provided shelter for several English nobles. However, the castle's constable, Sir Walter FitzGilbert, surrendered the castle to the approaching Scots. For this act, he was granted the barony of Cadzow, where his descendants became the powerful Hamilton family. The Scots slighted the castle after its surrender.

In 1336 the English returned again, this time under Edward III. The English king had the castle repaired, and again made it his headquarters in Scotland. The following year, however, Sir Andrew Murray, great-nephew of Sir William and the rightful owner of Bothwell, recaptured the stronghold, again using siege engines. Following his victory he slighted the castle once more, pulling down the west side of the donjon and tumbling it into the Clyde, in order that it could not be reoccupied by the enemy. The castle remained derelict until the 1360s.

Douglas
In 1362, Joan Moray of Bothwell, heiress of the Morays, married Archibald Douglas, nicknamed "the Grim" and later to be Lord of Galloway and Earl of Douglas. Douglas commenced rebuilding Bothwell, repairing the donjon and completing the walls. The work was continued by his son, Archibald, the 4th Earl. By 1424 they had constructed the Great Hall and adjacent chapel, with towers at the north-east and south-east corners, and curtain walls connecting to the donjon, enclosing the courtyard.

The "Black" Douglases were forfeited in 1455, and their lands returned to the crown. James III granted Bothwell to Lord Crichton, and then to Sir John Ramsay, who were both forfeited in turn. In 1488 Bothwell was granted again to Patrick Hepburn, 2nd Lord Hailes, and the Earldom of Bothwell was created for him. Hepburn did not retain Bothwell Castle for long, however, exchanging it with Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus, known as "Bell-the-Cat", in return for Hermitage Castle in Liddesdale. James IV visited Bothwell in 1503 and 1504.

Bothwell thus reverted to the Douglases, and descended through the Earls of Angus and Marquesses of Douglas to the Earls of Forfar. Archibald Douglas, 1st Earl of Forfar, began construction of a new mansion nearby, demolishing the castle's north-east tower for its stone. (His house was demolished in 1926 due to mining subsidence in the area). After the death of the 2nd Earl at Sheriffmuir in 1715, the castle reverted to the senior line of the Douglas family, represented by the 1st Duke of Douglas and his heirs. The castle then descended to the Earls of Home. In 1935 the 13th Earl gave Bothwell into state care. It is now managed by Historic Environment Scotland as a scheduled monument, and was open to the public (with admission charge) until the castle was closed in 2020 due to safety issues.

Design
While the castle was never completed to its original design, its design is similar to the strongholds of Coucy, Kildrummy and Dirleton as it has a round keep (or donjon). The keep, while currently in ruins, was originally 82 ft high and 62 ft in diameter with walls which were 15 ft thick. Thick walls and a powerful gatehouse were later added to the structure and the castle was considered "one of the most important military strongholds in Scotland".

Popular culture
The castle features in The Scottish Chiefs.

title: Bothwell Castle


text:
HPC

HPC may refer to:

Computing

 * High-performance computing
 * HPC Challenge Benchmark
 * Hasty Pudding cipher, in cryptography

Science and medicine

 * Health Professions Council, a UK regulator, later Health and Care Professions Council
 * Hemangiopericytoma, a type of soft tissue sarcoma
 * Hilbert system, also referred to as Hilbert Propositional Calculus
 * History of presenting complaint, in a medical history in UK
 * Hot potassium carbonate, a method for carbon dioxide removal in gas streams
 * Hydroxypropyl cellulose, a derivative of cellulose
 * Heterotrophic Plate Count a procedure for estimating the number of live, culturable heterotrophic bacteria in water
 * HPC (Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell), Cord Blood is the brand name of an allogeneic cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cell therapy

Other uses

 * Hinkley Point C nuclear power station, under construction in England
 * Hmar People's Convention, a political party in India
 * Ho-Ping Power Company, an independent power producer in Taiwan
 * Hydraulic Press Channel, a YouTube channel
 * Hydrometeorological Prediction Center, former name of the US Weather Prediction Center
 * Croatian Orthodox Church (Hrvatska pravoslavna crkva)
 * Hi-Point Carbine, a pistol-caliber rifle manufactured by Hi-Point Firearms
 * High Power Charging, a term used for charging stations for electric vehicles, seeh also Fast charging network

title: HPC


text:
High-performance computing

High-performance computing (HPC) uses supercomputers and computer clusters to solve advanced computation problems.

Overview
HPC integrates systems administration (including network and security knowledge) and parallel programming into a multidisciplinary field that combines digital electronics, computer architecture, system software, programming languages, algorithms and computational techniques. HPC technologies are the tools and systems used to implement and create high performance computing systems. Recently, HPC systems have shifted from supercomputing to computing clusters and grids. Because of the need of networking in clusters and grids, High Performance Computing Technologies are being promoted by the use of a collapsed network backbone, because the collapsed backbone architecture is simple to troubleshoot and upgrades can be applied to a single router as opposed to multiple ones.

The term is most commonly associated with computing used for scientific research or computational science. A related term, high-performance technical computing (HPTC), generally refers to the engineering applications of cluster-based computing (such as computational fluid dynamics and the building and testing of virtual prototypes). HPC has also been applied to business uses such as data warehouses, line of business (LOB) applications, and transaction processing.

High-performance computing (HPC) as a term arose after the term "supercomputing". HPC is sometimes used as a synonym for supercomputing; but, in other contexts, "supercomputer" is used to refer to a more powerful subset of "high-performance computers", and the term "supercomputing" becomes a subset of "high-performance computing". The potential for confusion over the use of these terms is apparent.

Because most current applications are not designed for HPC technologies but are retrofitted, they are not designed or tested for scaling to more powerful processors or machines. Since networking clusters and grids use multiple processors and computers, these scaling problems can cripple critical systems in future supercomputing systems. Therefore, either the existing tools do not address the needs of the high performance computing community or the HPC community is unaware of these tools. A few examples of commercial HPC technologies include:
 * the simulation of car crashes for structural design
 * molecular interaction for new drug design
 * the airflow over automobiles or airplanes

In government and research institutions, scientists simulate galaxy creation, fusion energy, and global warming, as well as work to create more accurate short- and long-term weather forecasts. The world's tenth most powerful supercomputer in 2008, IBM Roadrunner (located at the United States Department of Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory) simulated the performance, safety, and reliability of nuclear weapons and certifies their functionality.

TOP500
TOP500 ranks the world's 500 fastest high-performance computers, as measured by the High Performance LINPACK (HPL) benchmark. Not all existing computers are ranked, either because they are ineligible (e.g., they cannot run the HPL benchmark) or because their owners have not submitted an HPL score (e.g., because they do not wish the size of their system to become public information, for defense reasons). In addition, the use of the single LINPACK benchmark is controversial, in that no single measure can test all aspects of a high-performance computer. To help overcome the limitations of the LINPACK test, the U.S. government commissioned one of its originators, Jack Dongarra of the University of Tennessee, to create a suite of benchmark tests that includes LINPACK and others, called the HPC Challenge benchmark suite. This evolving suite has been used in some HPC procurements, but, because it is not reducible to a single number, it has been unable to overcome the publicity advantage of the less useful TOP500 LINPACK test. The TOP500 list is updated twice a year, once in June at the ISC European Supercomputing Conference and again at a US Supercomputing Conference in November.

Many ideas for the new wave of grid computing were originally borrowed from HPC.

High performance computing in the cloud
Traditionally, HPC has involved an on-premises infrastructure, investing in supercomputers or computer clusters. Over the last decade, cloud computing has grown in popularity for offering computer resources in the commercial sector regardless of their investment capabilities. Some characteristics like scalability and containerization also have raised interest in academia. However security in the cloud concerns such as data confidentiality are still considered when deciding between cloud or on-premise HPC resources.

title: High-performance computing


text:
Guillaume-Antoine Olivier

Guillaume-Antoine Olivier (19 January 1756, Les Arcs near Toulon – 1 October 1814, Lyon) was a French entomologist and naturalist.

Life
Olivier studied medicine in Montpellier, where he became good friends with Pierre Marie Auguste Broussonet. With Jean Guillaume Bruguière and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck .Jean-Baptiste-François Gigot d'Orcy later employed Olivier who was then able to travel to England and Holland meeting Thomas Martyn in London. In 1789 and 1790 he published the first two volumes of the Histoire naturelle des Coléoptères for Gigot d'Orcy, and simultaneously, thanks to Daubenton's recommendation, collaborated in the Dictionnaire de l'Histoire naturelle des Insectes, Papillons, Crustacés and collaborated in the creation of Journal d'Histoire Naturelle (1792). Afterwards, he served as a naturalist on a 6-year scientific journey that took him to Asia Minor, Persia, Egypt, Cyprus and Corfu. He returned to France in 1798 with a large collection of natural history specimens from his travels. Later, he was associated with the École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, where in 1811, he was appointed professor of zoology. Olivier was a close friend of Johan Christian Fabricius and a patron of Pierre André Latreille.

Although primarily an entomologist, Olivier also worked in the scientific field of herpetology, describing several new species of Asian lizards. He also described a few plant species, including Prunus arabica and Quercus libani.

Works

Olivier was the author of Coléoptères Paris Baudouin 1789–1808 (11 editions), Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des Insectes (1808) and Le Voyage dans l'Empire Othoman, l'Égypte et la Perse (1807). He was a contributor to Encyclopédie Méthodique.

Legacy
Today, most of his collection is housed at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris.

A species of lizard, Mesalina olivieri, is named in his honor.

title: Guillaume-Antoine Olivier


text:
Category:Chinese painters

Note that the first name is usually a family name.

title: Category:Chinese painters


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/ABOLHASSAN

Looks like nonsense, "Abolhassan Shah Jonathan Khan Bin Farhad Aziz Sadiq Aziz Sadighi" gets zero google hits. -- Graham ☺ | Talk 15:48, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Nonsense, delete. Gzornenplatz 17:30, Jul 16, 2004 (UTC)

 * Looks like the same kind of BS we had here about a week ago for fictitious Middle Eastern organizations. Zero hits=zero article.  Delete as nonsense. - Lucky 6.9 17:33, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * If this organization is real, how come I can't find more information about it? I'll err on the side of caution and say delete.  --Ardonik 21:03, Jul 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete probable nonsense. -- Cyrius|✎ 19:00, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text:
Adolph Alexander Weinman

Adolph Alexander Weinman (December 11, 1870 – August 8, 1952) was a German-born American sculptor and architectural sculptor.

Early life and education
Adolph Alexander Weinman was born in Durmersheim, near Karlsruhe, Germany. He immigrated to the United States in 1885 at the age of 14. At the age of 15, he attended evening classes at Cooper Union and later studied at the Art Students League of New York with sculptors Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Philip Martiny.

Career
He worked as an assistant to the sculptors Charles Niehaus, Olin Warner, and Daniel Chester French before opening his own studio in 1904. Although Weinman is now best remembered as a medalist, he considered himself to be an architectural sculptor. His steadiest income was derived from the sale of small bronze reproductions of his larger works, such as Descending Night, originally commissioned for the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, 1915.

Weinman was a member of the National Sculpture Society and served as its president from 1927 to 1930. His work was also part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics. He served on the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts from 1929 to 1933. He was also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, the National Institute of Arts and Letters, the National Academy of Design, and the New York City Art Commission, among other organizations.

Death
Weinman died in Port Chester, New York, on August 8, 1952. Following a Mass at Manhattan's St. Patrick's Cathedral, he was buried at Calvary Cemetery in Queens. Weinman's papers are at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art.

His son Robert Weinman was also a sculptor. His son Howard Weinman designed the Long Island Tercentenary half dollar commemorative coin.

Works
Despite his objections, Weinman is still best remembered as the designer of the Walking Liberty Half Dollar, a design now used for the obverse of the American Silver Eagle one-ounce bullion coin, and the "Mercury" dime along with various medals for the Armed Services of the United States. Among these are the identical reverses of the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, and the American Campaign Medal. Weinman was one of many sculptors and artists who employed Audrey Munson as a model.

Weinman's work as an architectural sculptor can be found on the Wisconsin, Missouri, and Louisiana state capitols. He became the sculptor of choice for the architecture firm McKim, Mead, and White and designed sculpture for their Manhattan Municipal Building, Madison Square Presbyterian Church (completed 1906 and demolished 1919), Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument, and Pennsylvania Railroad Station (completed 1910 and demolished 1963), all in New York City. A photograph of one of his angels, Day, in a landfill in New Jersey is one of the saddest reminders of the destruction of Penn Station in 1963, but two of his eagles were retained as trophies outside the entrance to the new subterranean Penn Station. Elsewhere he created the dramatic frieze on the Elks National Veterans Memorial in Chicago and executed sculpture for the Post Office Department Building, the Jefferson Memorial, and the interior of the U.S. Supreme Court, all in Washington, D.C.

Weinman's non-architectural works include the Macomb and the Maybury monuments in Detroit. Another example of his non-architectural work is his Abraham Lincoln Statue (Kentucky) located in the center of Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Weinman collaborated with Polish American sculptor Joseph Kiselewski to create a sculpture on the Bronx County Court House in New York City in the early 1930s.

Weinman was one of 250 sculptors who exhibited in the 3rd Sculpture International held at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the summer of 1949.

Weinman's works are mostly executed in a lyrical neoclassical style. His figures typically wear classical drapery, but there is a fluidity found in his work that is a harbinger of the Art Deco style that was to follow him. His bronze statuette The Nude Golfer epitomizes this style. This work evokes classical sculpture in its attention to anatomy and movement and the nude status of the athlete while the subject, a modern golfer, provides a modern twist.

Weinman also taught; among his pupils was Eleanor Mary Mellon.

Sculpture

 * General Alexander Macomb (1906–1908), Detroit, Michigan.
 * Union Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1909), Wyman Park, Baltimore, Maryland.
 * Abraham Lincoln (1909), Hodgenville, Kentucky. A replica of this is at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
 * Alexander Johnston Cassatt, (1910), Pennsylvania Station, New York City.
 * Abraham Lincoln (1911), Kentucky State Capitol, Frankfort, Kentucky.
 * William Cotter Maybury Memorial (1912), Grand Circus Park, Detroit, Michigan.
 * Rising Sun (1914–15), Panama–Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California.
 * Descending Night (1914–15) (model, Audrey Munson), Panama–Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California.
 * Samuel Rea (1926), Pennsylvania Station, New York City.
 * Fountain of the Centaurs (ca. 1926), Missouri State Capitol, Jefferson City, Missouri.
 * Pair of Lions (1929–30), Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, Maryland.
 * Dewitt Clinton (1941) and Alexander Hamilton (1941), Museum of the City of New York, New York City.
 * Riders of the Dawn (ca. 1942), Brookgreen Gardens, Murrell's Inlet, South Carolina.

Architectural sculpture

 * Architectural sculpture (1903–04), Pennsylvania Station, McKim, Mead and White, architects, (demolished 1964). Salvaged pieces of statuary survive in multiple locations.
 * Architectural sculpture (1904–1906), Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City, McKim, Mead and White, architects, (demolished 1919).
 * Architectural sculpture (1908), Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument, Fort Greene Park, Brooklyn, New York City, McKim, Mead and White, architects.
 * Masonic Sphinxes: Power and Wisdom (1911–1915), House of the Temple, Washington, D.C., John Russell Pope, architect.
 * Architectural sculpture (1913–1915), Manhattan Municipal Building, New York City, McKim, Mead and White, architects.
 * Bronze doors (1921–1923), American Academy of Arts and Letters administration building, West 155th Street, Audubon Terrace, Manhattan, New York City.
 * Architectural sculpture (1924–1926), Elks National Veterans Memorial, Chicago, Illinois.
 * Architectural sculpture: South Pediment (ca. 1926), Missouri State Capitol, Jefferson City, Missouri.
 * Architectural sculpture: Destiny Pediment (1935), National Archives Building, Washington, D.C.
 * Drafting the Declaration of Independence (1939–1943), pedimental sculpture honoring the Committee of Five on the Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C.

U.S. coins and medals
The reverse shows an architectural tablet inscribed with “Gold Medal” and “Louisiana Purchase Exposition”. Below the tablet are two dolphins symbolizing the nations’ eastern and western boundaries, the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Above the tablet is a large eagle with its wings spread. The inscription reads “Gold Medal (Silver and Bronze Medals were also given out) Louisiana Purchase Exposition 1904”. In addition to the medal a diploma of award was also given to the recipient. The medal weights approximately 3.5 ounces.
 * 1904 World Fair, Louisiana Purchase Exposition award Medals The obverse of the medal depicts two female figures above the date MCMIV (1904). The tall taller figure is Columbia, with her arms spread wide holding the United States flag. The youthful maiden at her side represents the Louisiana Purchase Territory. Emblematic of her reception into the union, the maiden is divesting herself of the cloak of France, the material decorated with bees, the emblem of Napoleon. In the background is the rising sun, marking the dawn of a new era of progress to the nation. Encircling the two figures are the words “Universal Exposition – Saint Louis – United States of America.”
 * Mercury dime (1916–1945). More than two billion Mercury dimes were minted before it was replaced by the Roosevelt dime in 1946. The design is now used as the obverse of the American Palladium Eagle coin, which has been produced since 2017.
 * Walking Liberty half dollar (1916–1947). Replaced by the Franklin half dollar (1948). Weinman's carving is now used as the obverse of the American Silver Eagle coin, which has been produced since 1986.
 * J. Sanford Saltus Medal Award – awarded by the American Numismatic Society. Weinman was the second recipient of this medal.

title: Adolph Alexander Weinman


text:
User:Fsvallare

Francesca S. Vallare

Located in the southwest United States. My interests include paganism, feminism, astronomy, alchemy, herbology, freedom issues, archeology, sustainable living and fan culture.

I am currently focussed on copyediting pages.

title: User:Fsvallare


text:
Talk:SKS

Carbine
Is this weapon the same as the SKS Carbine? Lefty 15:55, 2004 Jul 16 (UTC)

I think the SKS Carbine is a variant. Need to research further. Lord Bodak 20:50, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * There is no SKS Carbine. Some of the producers of the SKS call it a carbine (Type 56 Carbine)

Why was the mergefrom SKS Carbine removed? They are the same rifle and should be combined into one article. Lord Bodak 15:43, 2 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I've brought over everything good and wholesome from SKS Carbine and turned that page into a redirect here. A lot of it was copied straight from an external website, however, so I have rewritten, chopped, expanded and so forth. -Ashley Pomeroy 23:04, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)

WHY do we need redundant technical specs?

I added Albanian and North Vietnam to the variants list, which is now complete (I think), but I don't know the proper designations (if any) for either of them. If anyone does please contribute.--Bgeer 20:53, 19 Feb 2005 (UTC)

As bgeer said, why do we have two specs? Clyde frogg 08:07, 30 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Secondary specs wiped out, primary specs modified to show that these are from a Chinese Type 56.

I took out the sentence about accuracy. Show me an SKS that shoots 1" groups at 100 yards and I will happily eat it. I also removed the sentence about the SKS replacing traditional deer rifles in the South.  I live here/hunt here, and haven't seen an SKS in the woods in North Florida, Alabama, or NOrth Carolina.Wesbo 01:34, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Does anyone have proof that Poland adopted the SKS rifle? While most persons list it as the Wz. 49, no site seems to have an actual picture or any other information on the rifle. Carbinesforcollectors.com disputes that Poland ever adopted them & says that they received the AK47 and SKS about the same time and refused to adopt the SKS in favor of the AK47.

Poland at least adopted it as a cermimonial rifle. There are plenty of photos of it being used in parades: http://www.detnews.com/pix/2001/06/16/bushtroops360.jpg "President Bush, right, and President Aleksander Kwasniewski, review the honor guard during an arrival ceremony in the courtyard of the presidential palace in Warsaw Friday. " Serellan

"As with the British Lee-Enfield, the rifle's ten-round box magazine is fed from stripper clips, and can be removed only for the sake of cleaning and maintenance." The last piece isn't entirely accurate. The factory-standard integral magazine can be removed and replaced with higher-capacity "duckbill" magazines (and, with a slight modification, they can accept AK-47 magazines). http://carnival.saysuncle.com/003085.html: "While the SKS-D accepts AK47 magazines, standard SKSs have only the standard integral magazine. Duckbill magazines were designed as a "quick-fix". They replace the existing integral magazine assembly and can be removed and replaced using the magazine release catch." Is is Is

"As with the British Lee-Enfield, the rifle's ten-round box magazine is fed from stripper clips, and can be removed only for the sake of cleaning and maintenance." The British SMLE actually can be fed from above with stripper clips, or from below with a very removable magazine. They are expensive and not easy to find, but my No. 4 Mk. I* SMLE is indeed fed from below with removable magazines. As for the SKS, the duckbills are illegal in the US per 18 USC 922(r) and most SKS enthusiasts will tell you they don't feed well at all. The duckbills are a novelty. The only SKS you will find that does a good job of accepting AK mags would be the Norinco SKS-D or SKS-M, which was made for civilians and not military use. Their importation into the US is now illegal under the same legislation that restricts the use of duckbills. Magnus 14:33, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

I couldn't find anything about duckbills in 18 USC 922(r). If you're referring to the American 1994 assault weapons ban, that was repealed: you can lock and load with 30-round mags all you want–hell, you can even use C-mags. However, I won't deny that duckbills feed terribly.Is is Is 19:34, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

 * 18 USC 922(r) has nothing to do with the 1994 assault weapons ban, which primarily impacted only domestic rifles (contrary to popular misconception). Legislation enacted in 1989 and 1990 by George H.W. Bush banned importation of assault weapons and parts.  It also made it illegal to build a rifle that would be illegal to import.  Putting a detachable magazine onto an SKS makes it fall into the category of a weapon that would be illegal to import, and nullifies any protections you enjoyed under the C&R designation.  The BATFE has made determinations that adding a detachable magazine does indeed run afoul of 18 USC 922(r) and as such would be a felonious modification to the SKS.  The import assault weapons ban is still very much in effect (this is why you still can't import a semi-auto AK47!) Magnus 15:44, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

 * The law is ambiguous, but in general, if you modify a C&R rifle like the SKS, you lose C&R status and thus the rifle is illegal to possess unless it qualifies under 18 USC 922(r). Since that law requires a certain number of American parts, a stock SKS with one part change will not qualify. Lord Bodak 23:45, 19 September 2005 (UTC)

The technical specification stating that Chinese versions were manufactured with 20 round magazines is incorrect. The 20 round fixed "star" magazines are aftermarket magazines. Edited.--Serellan 04:06, 25 September 2005 (UTC)

Can we get some clarity on the 'dirty wars' reference under the Service section? Rather ambiguous; possible POV issue. Sidmystic 01:24, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Disambiguation needed
Since SKS is a TLA, isn't some kind of disambiguation needed? I can think of at least one other use of SKS - synchronised key server in OpenPGP. Alphax τεχ 03:40, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Some Clarifications
The SKS is indeed a carbine. The only variants that can be considered rifles are the Yugoslav M59/66 and M59/66A1 due to the length of the flash suppressor/muzzle brake/grenade launcher attachment. I have changed "rifle" to "carbine". I have also updated a few facts... mainly about it being used as a hunting rifle. There are now reloading components and brand name ammunition available that are suitable for hunting. I have also corrected the misnomer about it being an assault rifle because it does not meet all the requirements for being a true assault rifle. (IMHO - call it as it is...If it doesn't meet all the criteria for the terminology, then it doesnt' fit and the terminology shouldn't be used)

 * The length of the weapon has nothing to do with its classification as a rifle or carbine. A carbine is defined as a small arm that fires a round intermediate between a traditional rifle cartridge and a pistol round. 99.232.219.131 (talk) 01:36, 11 April 2010 (UTC)

"The length of the weapon has nothing to do with its classification as a rifle or carbine. A carbine is defined as a small arm that fires a round intermediate between a traditional rifle cartridge and a pistol round." What the hell are you talking about? You have got it exactly backwards. A Carbine is a shortened version of a rifle, or sometimes a gun developed specifically to be a short rifle, with no long "normal" variant. They were originally developed for cavalry and artillery crew defense use, and they were being made in full service-strength cartridges a couple hundred years before there was such a thing as an "intermediate cartridge". For example, a Mauser Kar98 is a "Karbine" (carbine) version of the Mauser G98. Both are chambered in 8x57mm Mauser. There are Mannlicher rifles and carbines in identical chamberings. Carcanos, Enfields, Shmicht-Rubins, all made in both long rifle and short "carbine" version, and chambered in the same cartridges in all cases. Perhaps you are simply confused by the US "M1 Carbine". That is indeed chambered in an intermediate cartridge, but the title "carbine" only refers to it's small size, not the cartridge, which was one of the very first intermediate cartridges ever fielded (and really more like a "hot" pistol round than an intermediate, really). There are certainly "carbine" versions or rifles chambered for intermediates, such as the M4 carbine, but again, that only refers to its length. Off the top of my head, I can only think of three carbines developed specifically for intermediate cartridges...the SKS, the M1 Carbine, and the Mini-14 family. And again, the "carbine" designation has NOTHING to do with the chambering. It only refers to the length of the weapon, period. And even that is a grey area. When the M1903 Springfield was developed, it was not much larger than a typical "carbine" version of a service rifle. Later on the Kar98 was developed as a carbine version of the G98, after noting the US success with the "short rifle" concept. Thus, what would have once been called a "carbine" now became a standard rifle, and carbines grew even shorter. In summary, a length of a weapon is EVERYTHING and the ONLY thing to do with whether it's called a "carbine" or not. The cartridge is absolutely irrelevant. That's why one can buy carbines in everything from powerful hunting rounds to intermediate chamberings to pistol rounds (i.e. Mini-14's and lever action Winchesters chambered in .44 Magnum and .357 Magnum...there are even 9mm carbines made by companies such as Kel-Tec.).45Colt 22:26, 29 July 2015 (UTC)

Civilian use
The 2nd paragraph under this heading is clumsy and seems to confuse the cartridge with the rifle.

Please, include again the photos of the International versions of the SKS (Soviet, Yugoslavian, Romanian, etc.)

 * This article needs some clean-up. Also, where the hell comes the claim that it's based on Stg-44? It sure as heck is not. --Mikoyan21 21:29, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

 * AFAIK, the basic design was copied from a self-loading anti-tank rifle of the time; the PTRS-41 if memory serves.  It had nothing to do w/ the StG44.

Selective-Fire Variants
According to the Jane's Guides, there is a production selective-fire variant that was issued to the Chinese military in the 1980s. It's more than the "rumor" referenced to in the article.

Editing
7/14/2006 - Extensive edit. CynicalMe 15:25, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 10/31/2006- Fixed a number of small historical errors, namely removing the reference to the SKS as based on the MP42/43/STG44 design, and improving the sections of the article about intermediate cartidges.

07/10/2010 - There's a contradiction in the article regarding Chinese bayonets. Earlier sentence reads "Early versions of Chinese Type 56s (produced 1965–71) used a spike bayonet, whereas the majority use a vertically-aligned blade." and later says "Type 56 carbines with serial numbers below 9,000,000 have the Russian-style blade-type folding bayonet, while those 9,000,000 and higher have a "spike" type folding bayonet". BogWhomper (talk) 15:07, 10 July 2010 (UTC)

New Info about N. Korean & Vietnamese
I have just (within the past hour) seen pictures here showing two different N. Korean SKS models (one standard, one designed for use with a detachable grenade launcher) and also pictures of Vietnamese SKSs. I have added this information to those listings under variants. Exciting stuff! CumbiaDude 09:39, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I made a mistake on part of this, the "Vietnamese" model was actually a third type of North Korean. I have edited the page to reflect this. CumbiaDude 22:34, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Hey! Enough with the revert war!!!
Stop reverting and rereverting picture of Vietcong with an SKS. Personally, I think the picture is totally relevant and interesting; moreover, I do not see any "anti-Vietnamese propaganda" in it. --Alexander Ivashkin 12:38, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Agreed. There is nothing racist about a picture of a soldier carrying a military rifle. It's completely relevant to the article. If someone doesn't agree with it they need to come talk about it here instead of playing revert games. Lord Bodak 13:38, 30 May 2007 (UTC)

Well hello there unsourced statements! Unchromed Yugo SKS barrels.
"Yugoslav models do not have chrome lined barrels since the country lacked large chromium deposits. Yugoslavia produced M95 and M85 AK derivative rifles that had chrome lined barrels, so this is quite peculiar. Even though Yugoslavia was governed by communists at one time, it had unreliable relations with the USSR. The USSR was one of the largest exporters of chromium."

Let's try to rectify this, starting here: http://www.sksboards.com/smf/index.php?topic=25489.0

192.52.41.66 00:26, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Copyvios
If anyone is wondering why this article is so awful now, it's because I had to cull the article of direct word-for-word copyright violations from here. -Royalguard11 (T·R!) 17:09, 6 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I've looked a little deeper into this, and it looks like they copied us. If you look at our article on the M14 rifle and compare it to theirs, you'll also see similarities. Now, I don't think that we could have possibly copied two articles without finding out, so I'd say it's a bigger possibility that they copied our articles. For that reason I've restored the article back to before it was culled. -Royalguard11 (T·R!) 18:59, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Shaocaholica, what supplies / process did you use for your redone SKS?
-Thanks Reddog1083 (talk) 21:52, 30 December 2008 (UTC)

Yugoslavian SKS M59/66 Caption
The picture of the Yugoslavian SKS M59/66 whose caption says it has a folding bayonet and a grenade launcher does not appear to actually have a grenade launcher. I've adjusted the caption accordingly. If I'm mistaken and somehow missing it, please revert. I inadvertently submitted the edit before I fixed the comments, so they won't be much use to you. --Nuncio (talk) 23:11, 16 February 2009 (UTC)

 * It has a rifle grenade launcher attached to the muzzle. I fixed the caption to reflect this. —  Dan MP5  05:09, 17 February 2009 (UTC)

¿Does anyone here know what they Hell they’re talking about?
At 4Ø inches, ¿how on earth (or anywhere else) can you possible call an SKS a “Carbine”? The AK-47 (which is considered a full-fledge rifle, if ‘only’ and assault rifle) is only 34 inches (with wooden stock), making it SHORTER than the SKS, yet the SKS is a “carbine”? Explain this to me. Use small words. A REDDSON —Preceding unsigned comment added by 97.120.235.112 (talk) 00:23, 9 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I have an Norinco SKS carbine. 29.8 inches... - 4twenty42o (talk) 08:21, 9 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Something seriously stinks here, but anyways… The article itself says “4Ø Inches” (even the barrel length is described as “2Ø inches”, which sounds about the same as my own, more or less), so again the same question. If it’s barrel lenth is almost as long as it’s successor’s overall length (2Ø inches to the AK’s 34 overall), then you could only call it a “Carbine” compared to a much longer rifle. It most certainly is NOT an “assault rifle” by conventional standards, but it’s LONGER than current standard assault rifles; “Carbines” are definition are short-barreled rifles; 20 inches hardly counts as short by any definition.97.120.235.112 (talk) 17:04, 9 December 2009 (UTC)A REDDSON

 * Well no one is claiming it is an assault rifle. By definition the SKS is a battle rifle..
 * No it isn't. 7.62x39 is an intermediate cartridge.  Sorry.  Faceless Enemy (talk) 12:30, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

I'm not positive on this but classification of the SKS as a carbine comes from the back that the predecessor rifles were full length Mosin-Nagant battle rifles.. However since you brought it up maybe you could take a look here [] and find some insight. - 4twenty42o (talk) 18:57, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

Let's try to keep it polite. The SKS is a carbine because it is smaller, lighter and fires a reduced-power cartridge (40 inches, 8 1/2 lbs and firing 7.62x39) compared to the weapons it was designed to replace/supplement (Mosin-Nagant, SVT-40, AVS-36 - each at least 48 inches long, weighing over 9 lbs and firing 7.62x54mm), not compared to the weapons that came after it.

The AK family are "assault rifles" because that is the translation of the name given to the German StG-44, which pioneered the category (StG being an abbreviation for Sturmgewehr, literally "storm rifle", but more accurately "assault rifle").

From the article on the StG-44, it was originally called a Maschinenpistole, and was "developed from the Mkb 42(H) "machine carbine", the StG44 combined the characteristics of a carbine, submachine gun and automatic rifle. StG is an abbreviation of Sturmgewehr. The name was chosen for propaganda reasons and literally means storm rifle as in "to storm an enemy position" (i.e. "assault", leading to the modern terminology "assault rifle"). After the adoption of the StG 44, the English translation "assault rifle" became the accepted designation for this type of infantry small arm." So, it too was classified as a carbine before they coined a new name for it.

Hope the words were small enough. ;-) Good Skoda (talk) 16:13, 10 December 2009 (UTC)
 * “The SKS is a carbine because it is smaller, lighter and fires a reduced-power cartridge (40 inches, 8 1/2 lbs and firing 7.62x39) compared to the weapons it was designed to replace/supplement (Mosin-Nagant, SVT-40, AVS-36 - each at least 48 inches long, weighing over 9 lbs and firing 7.62x54mm), not compared to the weapons that came after it.” There. Perhaps that should be intergrated into the article. (I still think, by modern classifications, it does not meet the definition of “carbine” but that’s fairly irrelevant, since it was originally classified as such.) And he used small words. :) 174.25.99.225 (talk) 15:58, 14 January 2010 (UTC)A REDDSON

The SKS is labelled a carbine in the article, because that is what both the Soviet design bureau and Simonov himself called the rifle. There are two definitions of "rifle", one based on length and one based on its role. A gun which is standard issue to all troops would usually be considered a rifle, because that is the role it is fulfilling; a rifle can also be a designation of length, which is where we get such terms as "long rifle" "short rifle" and "carbine" to denote their size. Sometimes those terms collide, such as Germany's Kar98k or, indeed, Russia's SKS: two carbine-length guns, and officially designated as such, but also fulfilling the role of a rifle, and so is born the very odd term "carbine-length rifle". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.173.132.161 (talk) 21:08, 2 June 2021 (UTC)

Ceremonial use in Cuba
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Santiago_de_Cuba_-_Garde_au_Mausol%C3%A9e_Jos%C3%A9_Marti.JPG

Maybe I incorrectly identified those guns, but they look like SKS and Cuba is not listed as SKS user.

88.118.111.39 (talk) 19:48, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

 * Perhaps, but Wikipedia cannot use itself as a source. In order to be an appropriate source, the photograph would need to be attributed to a reliable external source with a caption identifying them as Cuban soldiers. ROG5728 (talk) 23:11, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

 * http://www.johnthecamera.net/Cuba/camcorder/index1.htm
 * DSC00544.JPG to DSC00547.JPG, Santiago de Cuba, Jose Marti, guards with guns. I though that guns might be vz52, but vz52 forend stock is different. I don't know what you call credible source and merely pointed that SKS might be used in Cuba just like in any other Soviet block country.

 * I am not gun expert and I can't prove use of SKS in Cuba. That's why I put it on discussion page and let others decide or dig up some facts about it.

 * 88.118.111.39 (talk) 12:12, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

 * That's an SKS, alright. Faceless Enemy (talk) 12:29, 9 July 2010 (UTC)

Abbreviation vs Acronym
The second sentence in this article reads, "SKS is an acronym for Samozaryadnyj Karabin sistemy Simonova..."; however, the letters "SKS" actually form an **abbreviation** rather than "a word created from the first letters of each word in a series of words" (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym_and_initialism). I do not feel comfortable editing the original verbiage and ask that the author or other authorized editor make this correction. Keep up the good work. Thank you. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.117.26.151 (talk) 04:41, 4 September 2011 (UTC)
 * According to the link you gave, BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation, DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid, OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer, are all acronyms, so why not SKS? ( Hohum  @ ) 10:20, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

Lineage of the SKS - SVT-40 vs. PTRS-41
There seems to be a bit of an edit war on whether the SKS is a "scaled down version" of the SVT-40 or the PTRS-41. The fact is, all three rifles were designed by Simonov.

I propose that this sentence remain removed from this entry. If it is to be re-included, please cite an authoritative source showing that the design of the SKS was derived from the design of the SVT-40 or PTRS-41. Lwsimon (talk) 15:49, 20 March 2012 (UTC)

What's the others opinions about moving this article to SKS (Semi-automatic Rifle) ?
Based on the SKS (disambiguation) page content, it seems that "SKS" is a widely-used acronym across different fields. So I suggest to move it to SKS (Semi-automatic Rifle) and pointing SKS to the disambiguation page. (TNX to L1A1 FAL)

Cheers, Mjdtjm (talk) 12:08, 31 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Strong oppose. The other pages from the disambiguation page all have names of their own, none of which require "SKS" be used in them. When somebody says "SKS" in English, this is usually what they mean.  Just because Google has a disambiguation page does not mean that the Google page should instantly redirect to the disambiguation page.  None of the other pages in the SKS disambiguation page would logically be moved here, even if the SKS rifle did not exist.  I could understand it if, for example, Saks went by "SKS" in normal language.  But it doesn't.  It goes by Saks.  So "SKS" is, at best, a secondary article title for all of these other articles.  It is the most logical name for this article.  Faceless Enemy (talk) 15:49, 31 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Oppose as per above. If it is to be moved anywhere though, the appropriate location would be SKS (rifle) though. The disambiguation doesn't need to be overly complex.--L1A1 FAL (talk) 16:18, 31 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Strong Oppose. SKS is the common name.  The disambiguation link at the beginning of the article is sufficient to take the (relatively) few users looking for something else to the appropriate place. Miguel Escopeta (talk) 21:53, 31 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Strong Oppose. I agree with Miguel Escopeta...SKS is the common name. The disambiguation link at the beginning of the article is sufficient to take the (relatively) few users looking for something else to the appropriate place.--71.22.156.40 (talk) 02:12, 1 August 2012 (UTC)

Wax figure
I believe that this photo was taken of a wax figure at a museum exhibit. While I don't think that this alone disqualifies this image...it should be discussed and the caption should state so. If you look closely you will see that the face is too shiny and there is no loose soil on the ground or walls. Also, the hands, feet, knees and elbows are clean...which is not possible for someone crawling around tunnels. And, the bolt is locked open which would only allow dirt into the action in this environment.--71.22.156.40 (talk) 01:11, 18 August 2012 (UTC) — Berean Hunter   (talk)  22:20, 24 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Given that the source is the US Army Signal Corps and it is part of a series of 37 contemporary photos (and I've looked at most) which are genuine, I would say that isn't the case. His feet and clothes are dirty. The bolt may be locked because that is the way the US soldiers handed the empty rifle to the prisoner while they took the photo. In any event, unless there is a source for this being wax that would fall under original research to challenge that source.

O.K. I can live with that explanation…Would you happen to have a link to the other photos? Maybe we can use some of them in other articles. --71.22.156.40 (talk) 23:12, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

— Berean Hunter   (talk)  23:21, 24 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Yes, they are here.

Thanks, but I’m afraid that site is not working for me…All I got was the following message “Search Not Available ARC cannot find the search or search results that you requested.”…What search request should I manually input? --71.22.156.40 (talk) 23:35, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

— Berean Hunter   (talk)  23:52, 24 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Hmm. Use this link first and then click on "Part Of: Series: Color Photographs of Signal Corps Activity, compiled 1944 - 1981" after which you should click on "Includes:	37 items described in ARC Search within this Series". Hopefully that helps,

Got it...it takes a few clicks but it works...Thanks--71.22.156.40 (talk) 00:28, 25 September 2012 (UTC)

The SKS is NOT an assault rifle
The SKS is NOT an assault rifle. The vast majority of SKS rifles are semi-auto with a 10 shot non-detachable magazines. Full-auto select-fire models were nothing more than prototypes. And, after the AK-47 was introduced there was no longer a need to develop a select-fire SKS. Only a handful of Chinese models were made for the U.S. commercial market with the ability to use AK-47 magazines and are discussed in the "Variants section". Also, after-market American detachable magazine conversion kits are not relevent in the "Design section" and are discussed in the "Civilian use section".--71.22.156.40 (talk) 22:43, 29 August 2012 (UTC)

 * so where did you find this definition of "Assault Rifle"? Don't get me wrong I find it interesting you stipulate these requirements but many would conciser a weapon like this an example of one of the FIRST assault rifles, this weapon features is gas operated and not simple gas blowback operation like an SMG. It fires the same round as the AK-47 (most peoples definition of the Assault rifle).

 * So I completely disagree, I guess I see things from a more technical viewpoint and see the "gas operation" not gas blowback operation (like say an MP40 or semi automatic handgun) but the employment of the gas piston and the tube that taps gasses from the barrel, it allowed the cambering larger round for an automatic hand held weapon. I see this as the key difference between an "assault rifle" and a "sub machine gun".

 * I can't really understand how "magazines" and "selective fire" are anything other than subsequent and logical improvements to the idea. Sure this weapon has been limited to semi automatic operation and clips, due to what was the norm at the time... however it is an assault rifle basically.

 * Obviously the problem with Wikipedia, it ultimately comes down to what the world opinion of an "assault rifle" is... however I'd say you need a better reason than that... more like my reason, a fundamental and key bit of technology that enabled a weapon firing a 7.62 round to reload automatically.

 * By the way the Thompson submachine gun has select fire and clips. DarkShroom (talk) 18:07, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

I suggest that you read the Assault rifle page and present your arguments there.--71.22.156.40 (talk) 21:32, 24 September 2012 (UTC)

Name Question
Perhaps we should change the name to "SKS-45" as this is the Soviet designation. Agree? SKS without the 45 was probably made up by civilian shooters because it's so much easier to say "SKS" rather than "SKS-45".

74.51.57.78 (talk) 06:35, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

Controversial design date
In the introductional text to the rifle the design is dated for the year 1943, the infobox says 1944 and a link this page is referring to(SKS rifle history and pictures) states that it was developed 1946. Can someone clearify this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Tarendas (talk • contribs) 18:17, 18 March 2013 (UTC)

To add on to this confusion I have found articles saying that the rifle was designed in 1941, under the names SKS-30 and SKS-31, with the SKS-31 being field-trialed in 1944 in Karelia- well after the 1943 date stated in the wiki article. (Russian source from Kalashinkov group: https://www.kalashnikov.ru/wp-content/cache/all/sks-kotoryj-tak-i-ne-vstupil-v-boj//index.html) (and an English article based on the previous: https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2018/08/13/sks-31-the-7-62x54mmr-predecessor-of-the-7-62x39mm-sks/) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.173.132.161 (talk) 21:18, 2 June 2021 (UTC)

Conflicts/Wars
Is there a particular reason why there are no wars listed under | wars = in the infobox? M11rtinb (talk) 15:04, 22 May 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on SKS. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20050123093955/http://www.surplusrifle.com:80/sks/index.asp to http://www.surplusrifle.com/sks/index.asp

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 01:54, 19 October 2015 (UTC)

Chinese variants
The Type 63 deviates significantly enough from the standard SKS that it might be considered more of an SKS inspired design than a variant of the SKS, regardless of what consensus is reached on this point, a link to the "Type 63 Assault Rifle" page would probably be helpful. The Type 68 is just another name for the Type 63, from what I have read outside this article, and should not appear in the same list, unless a source pertaining to the differences between the Type 63 and 68 is brought forward. (If such information exists, the page "Type 63 Assault Rifle" should be edited to reflect this information.) There is no Chinese small arm called the Type 73 that I am aware of, and the body of the text fails to describe what is meant by the Type 73. The Type 81 is even further removed from the SKS than the Type 63 was, and the page "Type 81 Assault Rifle" should be linked to. The Type 84 is definitely an SKS variant, but does not have a rotating bolt and is semiautomatic only, and should not be grouped with the rotary bolt SKS derivatives. The Type 84S (not listed) does belong with the rotary bolt derivatives, as it is a 5.56 NATO semiautomatic version of the Type 81. 173.67.18.172 (talk) 00:27, 28 March 2019 (UTC)

Orphaned references in SKS
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of SKS's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "Bishop": From StG 44:  From Automatic rifle:

Reference named "Walter": From Vz. 52 rifle: Walter, John: Rifles of the World (3rd ed.), page 229. Krause Publications, 2006. From Beech: Walter J. (2006) Rifles of the World, 3rd edition. Krause Publicatioins, Wisconsin US

Reference named "Jowett": From M1 carbine: </li> <li>From MAS-36 rifle: </li> </ul>

Reference named "Smith":<ul> <li>From Nagant M1895:

</li> <li>From Azerbaijan: </li> <li>From Chiang Kai-shek rifle: </li> </ul>

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 16:53, 3 March 2020 (UTC)

AK's are inaccurate?
"Rifles of the AK family (including both the Chinese army’s Type 56 auto and the Vietnamese army’s AK-47s and AKM) are for structural reasons relatively inaccurate." What source is this assertion based on and what are the supposed structural reasons? There is nothing in the AK's structure that would make it inherently inaccurate. Particularly the original AKs with milled receiver are very sturdy, as are the barrel, gas piston/bolt carrier and bolt of all models if compared to, say, AR-15/M-16 derivatives. The AK family includes weapons like the Finnish Rk 62 and the Israeli Galil series, and it is difficult to imagine either of these countries adopting a design that is inherently inaccurate. I could see shoddy 3rd World production with poor quality control turning out inaccurate examples, but this has nothing to do with the structure itself, nor can it be extended to the whole "family".--Death Bredon (talk) 11:17, 24 April 2020 (UTC)

This is a claim that for certain needs references. However, I think the remark is meant to refer to the piston-driven action of the AK family and the perception/belief that the overall greater reciprocating mass (i.e. bolt+bolt carrier+piston) leads to greater muzzle climb and greater difficulty of keeping shots on target, compared to, say, AR-style gas-operated rifles (whose reciprocating mass is composed basically of bolt+bolt carrier). This, however, is still perception; in the hands of trained users (e.g. Russian operators, many well-trained military personnel from Western countries who possess AKs as personal firearms, and so on) the AK is capable of great accuracy/precision to the extent that I believe such a remark is either unnecessary or requires documentation indicating that this perception existed among the Chinese military hierarchy in the context of the article. Ecthelion83 (talk) 15:02, 15 March 2021 (UTC)

Orphaned references in SKS
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of SKS's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "TG":<ul> <li>From Thompson submachine gun: </li> <li>From Venezuela: </li> </ul>

Reference named "Gazette":<ul> <li>From Al-Qaeda on the Arabian Peninsula: </li> <li>From Colorado Springs Planned Parenthood shooting: </li> <li>From Nagant M1895: </li> </ul>

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 05:37, 6 September 2020 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:13, 1 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Foyer 2e RPC captured SKS Suez.jpg

Ak and sks you need to quit describing them as assault weapons
Need to quit describing rifles of any caliber as assault weapons. It's a total lie and it needs to stop 2600:1008:B010:AB39:E91B:4CF3:FDB6:5640 (talk) 00:56, 6 January 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:SKS


text:
Talk:SKS Carbine

Is this weapon the same as the SKS? Lefty 15:55, 2004 Jul 16 (UTC)

This page is a wholesale copy of this page.

 * Right, chaps. I've merged as much of the useful stuff as possible into SKS - they are indeed the same rifle (the name itself means 'Semi-automatic Karbine, Simonov'), and I believe that the shorter name is more appropriate. As for the direct copy-and-paste of that page, I have shortened, re-written and expanded it beyond all reasonable shape, although the 'technical specifications' part is identical. As the page is a copy-and-paste I shall redirect it immediately. -Ashley Pomeroy 22:47, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:SKS Carbine