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Keepin' the Summer Alive

Keepin' the Summer Alive is the 24th studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released March 24, 1980, on Brother, Caribou and CBS Records. Produced by Bruce Johnston, the album peaked at number 75 in the US, during a chart stay of 6 weeks, and number 54 in the UK. It is the group's last album recorded with Dennis Wilson, who drowned in 1983, although he only appears on one song.

The album included new material alongside several older songs that had not been released up until that point. Two of the new songs were written by Carl Wilson and Randy Bachman, the title track and "Livin' with a Heartache". The latter was released as a single alongside "Goin' On", written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love. Brian wrote or co-wrote five of the other seven tracks.

Background and recording
After the band's previous album, L.A. (Light Album) (1979), failed to live up to commercial expectations, the executives at CBS expected another album as soon as possible. In July 1979, the Beach Boys convened at Western Studio in Los Angeles—the studio where most of the band's 1960s material had been produced by Brian Wilson—to begin work on a new studio album. The album was also recorded at various other studios, including former backing band member Daryl Dragon's Rumbo Recorders in San Fernando, and Al Jardine's recording studio in his Big Sur barn. Working titles included Cousins, Friends and Brothers, and Can't Wait Till Summer.

The group wanted Brian to return as their producer and felt that he would be more comfortable recording at the familiar studio environment of Western. They were briefly successful, as Carl Wilson said, "Brian got hot for about three days in the studio. He was singing like a bird. All the protection he usually runs just dropped; he came out of himself, he was right there in the room." Dennis Wilson, at odds with the rest of the group, abandoned the initial recording sessions, taking no further part in the album. One of these, Chuck Berry's "School Days", appears on the album's final track listing.

In late August, Carl collaborated with Randy Bachman on the writing of four songs, two of which were included on the record, "Keepin' the Summer Alive" and "Livin' with a Heartache". Bachman declined an invitation to co-produce the album because he was struggling with personal issues.

In October 1979, the band reconvened with Bruce Johnston taking complete control of the album's production. The resulting album included a mixture of brand new songs alongside older songs that had not been released up until that point. "When Girls Get Together" was recorded in 1969, and it is the only song on the album featuring Dennis. Johnston started writing "Endless Harmony" in 1972 as "Ten Years' Harmony". The earlier title and lyrics were used for a version by California Music in 1974. The band began recording "Santa Ana Winds" in 1978, revising and re-recording some of the song for this album. Sessions wrapped on February 14, 1980. Two outtakes, the original "Goin' to the Beach" and a cover of "Da Doo Ron Ron", were later released on the 2013 compilation Made in California.

In 2013, Johnston expressed dissatisfaction with the production of the title track, which he perceived as being weaker-sounding due to Carl's intervention. In 2020, Johnston elaborated, believing session guest and former bandmate Ricky Fataar’s drumming was inferior to session drummer Scott Mathews’ playing.

Outtakes
Still-unreleased tracks from the Keepin' the Summer Alive sessions include "Starbaby" and "Surfer Suzie", as well as renditions of "I'll Always Love You", "Jamaica Farewell", "Johnny B. Goode", "Little Girl", "Stranded in the Jungle", and "Smokey Places".

Critical reception
In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Rob Theakston referred to Keepin' the Summer Alive as "the low point" in the band's discography: "Ripe with mindless throwaways and lifeless filler ... The two exceptions to the rule reside in the title track and the closing 'Endless Harmony.'" In (The New) Rolling Stone Album Guide, the album is cited as an "abysmal" entry in "a string of inconsequential records" that had not abated since 1978's M.I.U. Album.

Personnel
Adapted from 2000 liner notes and Craig Slowinski.

The Beach Boys
 * Brian Wilson – vocals, tack piano on “Oh Darlin’” and “Goin’ On”, keyboards on “Sunshine”, piano and Rocksichord on “When Girls Get Together”
 * Carl Wilson – vocals, lead guitar on “Keepin’ the Summer Alive”, guitar on “Oh Darlin’” and “Livin’ With a Heartache”, tack piano on “Keepin’ the Summer Alive”, Yamaha electric piano on “Livin’ With a Heartache”, keyboards on “Sunshine”
 * Al Jardine – vocals, acoustic guitars and spoken word introduction on “Santa Ana Winds”; rhythm guitar on “School Day” (uncertain)
 * Mike Love – vocals
 * Bruce Johnston – vocals, Fender Rhodes electric piano, clavichord on “School Day”, keyboards on “Sunshine”
 * Dennis Wilson – bass drum on “When Girls Get Together”

Additional musicians

 * Terry Melcher, Curt Boettcher, Jon Joyce – harmony and backing vocals on “Livin’ With a Heartache”
 * Joe Walsh – slide and rhythm guitars on “Keepin’ the Summer Alive”
 * Steve Ross – guitar
 * Bill House – guitar; acoustic guitars on “Oh Darlin’”
 * Caleb Quaye – lead and rhythm guitars on “School Day”, guitar on “Sunshine”
 * Billy Joe Walker, Jr. – lead and acoustic guitars on “Livin’ With a Heartache”
 * Dennis Budimir – guitar on “School Day”
 * Tim May – guitar on “School Day”
 * Al Vescovo – guitar on “When Girls Get Together”
 * Bryan Garofalo – harmony and backing vocals on “Keepin’ the Summer Alive” and “Endless Harmony”, bass
 * Jerry Scheff – bass on “Oh Darlin’”
 * Ray Pohlman – bass on “School Day” and “When Girls Get Together”, mandolin on “When Girls Get Together”
 * Lyle Ritz – double bass on “Santa Ana Winds”
 * John Hobbs – keyboards
 * Daryl Dragon – keyboards on “Some of Your Love” and marxophone on “When Girls Get Together”
 * Don Randi – keyboards on “School Day”
 * Mike Meros – keyboards on “School Day”
 * Carli Muñoz – organ on “School Day”
 * Ricci Martin – keyboards on “Sunshine” and piano on “Endless Harmony”
 * Scott Mathews – drums; harmony and backing vocals on “Goin’ On”, percussion on “When Girls Get Together” and “Endless Harmony”
 * Ricky Fataar – drums on “Keepin’ the Summer Alive” and “Sunshine”
 * Gary Mallaber – drums on “Livin’ With a Heartache” and percussion on “Sunshine”
 * Hal Blaine – drums on “School Day”
 * Steve Forman – percussion
 * Gene Estes – tympani on “When Girls Get Together”
 * Steve Douglas – saxophone on “Oh Darlin’”, “Goin’ On”, and “Sunshine”
 * Joel Peskin – saxophone on “Oh Darlin’”, “Goin’ On”, and “Sunshine”; baritone saxophone on “Some of Your Love”
 * Dick “Slyde” Hyde – trombone on “Oh Darlin’”, “Goin’ On”, and “Sunshine”
 * Chuck Findley – flugelhorn on “Oh Darlin’”, trumpet on “Goin’ On” and “Sunshine”
 * Lew McCreary – trombone and bass trombone on “When Girls Get Together”
 * Jim Horn – baritone saxophone on “When Girls Get Together”
 * Vince Charles, Efrain Toro, Ray Armando – steel drums on “Sunshine”
 * David Sherr – oboe on “When Girls Get Together”
 * Alexander Neiman, Darrell Terwilliger – violas on “When Girls Get Together”
 * Armand Kaproff, Jan Kelley, Harold Bemko, Douglas Davis – cellos on “When Girls Get Together”
 * Tommy Morgan – harmonica on “Santa Ana Winds”
 * Igor Horoshevsky, Raymond Kelley – cellos on “Santa Ana Winds”
 * James Getzoff, Murray Adler, Bonnie Douglas, Paul Shure, Alfred Breuning, Marshall Sosson, Endre Granat, Spiro Stamos – violins on “Santa Ana Winds”
 * Harry Hyams, Samuel Boghossian – violas on “Santa Ana Winds”

Arrangements
 * Bob Alcivar – horn arrangements
 * Harry Betts – string arrangements

Technical personnel
 * Bruce Johnston – producer (except “When Girls Get Together”)
 * Brian Wilson – producer (“School Day”, “When Girls Get Together”, “Santa Ana Winds”)
 * Al Jardine – producer (“School Day” and “Santa Ana Winds”)
 * Carl Wilson – producer (“Keepin’ the Summer Alive” and “Livin’ with a Heartache”)
 * Steve Desper – chief engineer, mixing
 * Chuck Leary – engineer (“Santa Ana Winds”)
 * Chuck Britz – engineer (“Oh Darlin’”, “School Day”, “Santa Ana Winds”)
 * Rodney Pearson – engineer
 * Brian Behrns – second engineer

Artwork
 * John Alvin – illustration
 * Tony Lane – art direction
 * Gary Nichamin – photography

title: Keepin' the Summer Alive


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Talk:DeLesseps Story Morrison

Untitled
If you are going to ask, or even move the article, the name is correct - "de Lesseps" or "deLesseps" as a first name - I was curious at first but http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/officers/oas.html (a US government website) confirmed it. --[[User:OldakQuill|Oldak Quill]] 20:02, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I removed a lot of the details about Morrison's three gubernatorial campaigns. I think it's much more appropriate to put that material in the articles on the elections themselves, rather than in a biographical article. There's no need for a lot of duplication, since there are links to the election articles on this page. I haven't added the removed material to the election articles yet, but I will when I get a chance--Praxedis G 16:08, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

Can someone remove the space between "De" and "Lesseps" in the heading? There should be no space. I don't know how to do this. Billy Hathorn 6:20, 14 October 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for File:New Orleans Fleur de Lis.gif
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BetacommandBot 04:50, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

DeLesseps
It would be nice to provide explanation for his unusual first name, if anyone can. I'm assuming it is a family name.Sylvain1972 (talk) 13:44, 27 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Finally got around to this myself.Sylvain1972 (talk) 20:41, 1 October 2012 (UTC)

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title: Talk:DeLesseps Story Morrison


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Robert Morrison

Robert, Bob, Bobby, or Rob Morrison may refer to:

Academics

 * Robert Hall Morrison (1798–1889), president of Davidson College
 * Robert J. H. Morrison (born 1961), Canadian academic
 * Rob Morrison (scientist) (born 1942), Australian zoological researcher and science communicator
 * Robert G. Morrison (born 1969), professor of religion

Sportspeople

 * Bob Morrison (footballer) (1869–1891), Irish footballer with Linfield
 * Bobby Morrison (American football) (born 1945), American college football player and coach
 * Bobby Morrison (footballer, born 1896) (1896–1974), English footballer
 * Bobby Morrison (footballer, born 1933) (1933–1999), Scottish footballer with Falkirk, Rangers, Workington
 * Robert Morrison (soccer) (1883–1952), Scottish-American soccer player
 * Robert Morrison (rower) (1902–1980), British rower
 * Robert Morrison (footballer) (1926–2016), New Zealand footballer

Politicians

 * Robert F. Morrison (1826–1887), 13th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California
 * Robert Morrison, 1st Baron Morrison (1881–1953), British Labour Party politician
 * Robert Morrison (politician) (1909–1999), Arizona Attorney General 1955–1960
 * Rob Morrison (politician) (born 1956), Canadian politician

Other people

 * Robert Morrison (missionary) (1782–1834), Protestant missionary
 * Robert Morrison (Phi Delta Theta) (1822–1902), one of the founders of Phi Delta Theta
 * Bob Morrison (songwriter) (born 1942), American country songwriter
 * Rob Morrison (journalist), American television journalist and news anchor

title: Robert Morrison


text:
Jedidiah Morse

Jedidiah Morse (August 23, 1761 – June 9, 1826) was a geographer whose textbooks became a staple for students in the United States. He was the father of the telegraphy pioneer and painter Samuel Morse, and his textbooks earned him the sobriquet of "father of American geography."

Early life and education
Born to a New England family in Woodstock, Connecticut: Jedidiah Morse and Sarah Child, Morse did his undergraduate work and earned a divinity degree at Yale University (M.A. 1786). While pursuing his theological studies under Jonathan Edwards and Samuel Watts, he established a school for young women in 1783 in New Haven.

Career
In the summer of 1785, he was licensed to preach, but continued to occupy himself with teaching. He became a tutor at Yale in June 1786, but, resigning this office, was ordained on November 9, 1786, and settled in Midway, Georgia, where he remained until August of the following year. He spent the winter of 1787 and 1788 in New Haven in geographical work, preaching on Sundays to vacant parishes in the vicinity.

Religious activities
Morse became a pastor in Charlestown, Boston (across Boston harbor) on April 30, 1789, where he served until 1820. Among his friends and numerous correspondents were Noah Webster, Benjamin Silliman and Jeremy Belknap. In 1795, he received the degree of D.D. from the University of Edinburgh. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1796.

Throughout his life, Morse was much occupied with religious controversy, and in upholding the faith of the New England church against the assaults of Unitarianism. Ultimately his persevering opposition to liberal views of religion brought on him a persecution that affected deeply his naturally delicate health. He was very active in 1804 in the movement that resulted in enlarging the Massachusetts general assembly of Congregational ministers, and in 1805 unsuccessfully opposed, as a member of the board of overseers, the election of Henry Ware to the Hollis Chair of Divinity at Harvard.

Morse did much toward securing the foundation of Andover Theological Seminary, especially by his successful efforts in preventing the establishment of a rival institution in West Newbury which had been projected by the Hopkinsians (chiefly Samuel Spring and Leonard Woods, with the financial backing of William Bartlett). He participated in the organization of the Park Street Church in Boston in 1808, when all the Congregational churches of that city, except the Old South Church, had abandoned the orthodox faith. In 1805, he established The Panoplist for the purpose of illustrating and defending the commonly received orthodoxy of New England, and continued its sole editor for five years. This journal later became The Missionary Herald.

Geography
Morse strongly influenced the educational system of the United States. While teaching at a school for young women, he saw the need for a geography textbook oriented to the forming nation. The result was skimpy and derivative, Geography Made Easy (1784). He followed that with American Geography (1789), which was widely cited and copied. New editions of his school textbooks and the more weighty works often came out annually, earning him the informal title, "father of American geography." His postponed gazetteer for his work of 1784 was bested by Joseph Scott's Gazetteer of the United States in 1795. With the aid of Noah Webster and Rev. Samuel Austin, Morse published his gazetteer as Universal Geography of the United States (1797).

Native American peoples
Morse rebutted certain racist views published in the Encyclopædia Britannica concerning the Native American peoples, e.g., that their women were "slavish" and that their skins and skulls were thicker than those of other humans.

He took great interest in requiring Native Americans to become Christian, and in 1820 was appointed by the US secretary of war to visit and observe various tribes on the border in order to devise the most effective ways of assimilating them to European-American culture. This work occupied his attention during two winters, and he wrote up the results of his investigations in Report to the Secretary of War on Indian Affairs (New Haven, 1822).

Illuminati conspiracy theory
Morse is also known for his part in spreading the Illuminati conspiracy theory in New England 1798–99. Beginning May 9, 1798, Morse delivered three sermons supporting John Robison's book Proofs of a Conspiracy, which first publicized the view that the Illuminati had masterminded the French Revolution. Morse was a strong Federalist and feared that the anti-Federalists would repeat the French Revolution's excesses. When presented with the claim, President George Washington wrote to Washington D.C commissioners on October 27, 1798: "It is not my intention to doubt that the doctrine of the Illuminati and the principles of Jacobinism had not spread in the United States. On the contrary, no one is more satisfied of this fact than I am. The idea that I meant to convey, was, that I did not believe that the Lodges of Free Masons in this Country had, as Societies, endeavoured to propagate the diabolical tenets of the first, or pernicious principles of the latter (if they are susceptible of separation). That Individuals of them may have done it, or that the founder, or instrument employed to found, the Democratic Societies in the United States, may have had these objects; and actually had a separation of the People from their Government in view, is too evident to be questioned."

Other endeavors
Morse was an active member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1813, and was also a member of various other literary and scientific bodies. He made significant contributions to Dobson's Encyclopædia, the first encyclopedia published in the United States after the Revolution. Morse published 25 sermons and addresses on special occasions; also A Compendious History of New England, with Elijah Harris (Charlestown, 1804); and Annals of the American Revolution (Hartford, 1824).

Marriage and family
Morse married Elizabeth Ann Finley Breese after starting as pastor in Charlestown. He and his wife had a family of several children, including their first child Samuel F. B. Morse, the future painter and telegraphy pioneer. Other sons were Sidney Edwards Morse, who also published a geography text, and Richard Cary Morse (1795–1868), who assisted his father in his geographical work and founded with brother Sidney the New York Observer.

The senior Morse died in 1826 and was buried at the Grove Street Cemetery.

Selected works

 * Morse, Jedidiah (1793). The American universal geography, or, A view of the present state of all the empires, kingdoms, states, and republics in the known world, and of the United States of America in particular. In two parts.

title: Jedidiah Morse


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Fernand Courty

Fernand Courty (11 June 1862 – 12 October 1921) was a French astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets.

He joined Bordeaux Observatory when it was founded in 1880 by Georges Rayet and worked as an assistant astronomer. He is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery of two asteroids at Bordeaux in 1894. He also made meteorological observations.

title: Fernand Courty


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Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Science

Signups open for The Core Contest
The Core Contest—Wikipedia's most exciting contest—will take place this year from April 15 to May 31. The goal: to improve vital or other core articles, with a focus on those in the worst state of disrepair. Editing can be done individually, but in the past groups have also successfully competed. There is £300 of prize money divided among editors who provide the "best additive encyclopedic value". Signups are open now. Cheers from the judges, Femke, Casliber, Aza24.

If you wish to start or stop receiving news about The Core Contest, please add or remove yourself from the delivery list.

Requested move at Talk:International Board for Research into Aircraft Crash Events
There is a requested move discussion at Talk:International Board for Research into Aircraft Crash Events that may be of interest to members of this WikiProject. Vanderwaalforces (talk) 14:06, 20 February 2024 (UTC)

Upgrading SCIRS to a guideline
A proposal has been made at Village pump (policy) to upgrade Identifying reliable sources (science) to a guideline. To keep discussion in on place, please leave any comments you have there rather than here. Thryduulf (talk) 15:12, 11 April 2024 (UTC)

Discussion at Talk:Evolutionary_philosophy
There is a discussion at Talk:Evolutionary_philosophy that may be of interest to members of this WikiProject. --Classicwiki (talk) If you reply here, please ping me. 03:30, 26 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Science


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Sidney Edwards Morse

Sidney Edwards Morse (7 February 1794 Charlestown, Massachusetts – 24 December 1871 New York City) was an American inventor, geographer and journalist. He was the brother of telegraphy pioneer and painter Samuel F. B. Morse.

Biography
Morse was the son of geographer and clergyman Jedidiah Morse. He graduated from Yale in 1811, studied theology at Andover Seminary, and law at the Litchfield, Connecticut, school. Meanwhile, he became a contributor to the Columbian Centinel of Boston, writing a series of articles that illustrated the danger to the American Union from an undue multiplication of new states in the south, and showing that it would give to a sectional minority the control of the government. These led to his being invited by Jeremiah Evarts and others to found a weekly religious newspaper, to which he gave the name Boston Recorder. He continued as sole editor and proprietor of this journal for more than a year, and in this time raised its circulation until it was exceeded by that of only two Boston papers. Morse was then associated with his elder brother, Samuel Morse, in patenting the flexible piston pump and extending its sale.

In 1823 he moved to New York, and with his brother, Richard Cary Morse, founded the New York Observer, which eventually became the oldest weekly in New York City, and the oldest religious newspaper in the state. He continued as senior editor and proprietor until 1858, when he retired to private life.

In 1839 Morse was associated with Henry A. Munson in the development of cerography, a method of printing maps in color on the common printing press. He used this process to illustrate his geographical textbooks (in early life he had assisted his father in the preparation of geography books). The last years of his life were devoted to experimenting with an invention for the exploration of the depths of the sea. This instrument, called a bathometer, was exhibited at the World's fair in Paris in 1869, and during 1870 in New York City.

Pro-slavery
The New York Observer was pro-slavery. It was the one newspaper that Mary Brown, wife of abolitionist John Brown, could not stand:

"The disgust with the New York Observer is shared by all the opponents of slavery in the United States, and wherever else that newspaper is known. The Observer, as a 'religious' paper, is an exponent of the opinions of the Old School Presbyterians. It is bitterly opposed to all interference with American slavery, to abolitionism of whatever shade, and to all attempts to limit or restrain the power of the slaveholders. It never misses an opportunity to vilify or misrepresent the abolitionists."

Morse is the author of Premium questions on slavery, each admitting of a yes or no answer; addressed to the editors of the "New York Independent'" and "New York Evangelist," in which there are questions such as:
 * Have the American people ever been abandoned by God to the folly and wickedness of practically asserting the right of every negro slave to liberty, without regard to the probable effect of the liberty of the negro upon the welfare of the community?
 * Does the Bible any where assert that all men have a right to liberty; or that slavery is always wrong; or that slaveholders are sinners merely because they are slaveholders; or that the governments instituted among men have no just powers except those derived from the consent of the governed ?

Literary works

 * A New System of Modern Geography (Boston, 1823), sold over half a million copies
 * Premium Questions on Slavery (New York, 1860)
 * North American Atlas
 * Cerographic Maps, comprising the Whole Field of Ancient and Modern, including Sacred, Geography, Chronology, and History

title: Sidney Edwards Morse


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President of Ecuador

The president of Ecuador (Presidente del Ecuador), officially called the constitutional president of the Republic of Ecuador (Presidente Constitucional de la República del Ecuador), serves as the head of state and head of government of Ecuador. It is the highest political office in the country as the head of the executive branch of government. Per the current constitution, the president can serve two four-year terms. Prior to that, the president could only serve one four-year term.

The current president of Ecuador is Daniel Noboa. He was elected in 2023 and is currently the youngest president in the country's history.

History
The presidency of Ecuador has been marked by periods of instability, causing the office to change presidents frequently throughout the history of the country. At least five times, the president's duties have been charged to a provisional government or a military junta. Often, the office has been left to an interim or acting president, many of whom would go on to become president. The president who has served the most terms in office is José María Velasco Ibarra, who served five.

In May 2017 Rafael Correa became the first President in more than two decades to serve out his complete terms in office since Sixto Durán Ballén, who served from 1992 to 1996. Before Correa, a period of deep political instability from 1996 to 2006 also saw a grave economic crisis in 1998-2000. During this time, Durán Ballén's three elected successors, Abdalá Bucaram, Jamil Mahuad and Lucio Gutiérrez, were deposed in popular revolts, followed by military or legislative coups d'États, in 1997, 2000, and 2005, respectively. Since Correa, Lenín Moreno (2017–2021) has also completed a full 4-year presidential term, despite a large 2019 popular revolt that nearly toppled his government.

title: President of Ecuador


text:
MacDill Air Force Base

MacDill Air Force Base (MacDill AFB) is an active United States Air Force installation located 4 miles (6.4 km) south-southwest of downtown Tampa, Florida.

The "host wing" for MacDill AFB is the 6th Air Refueling Wing (6 ARW), assigned to the Eighteenth Air Force of the Air Mobility Command. The 6 ARW is commanded by Colonel Adam D. Bingham. The Wing Command Chief is Chief Master Sergeant Shae Gee.

MacDill Air Force Base, located in South Tampa, was constructed as MacDill Field, a U.S. Army Air Corps, later U.S. Army Air Forces, installation just prior to World War II. With the establishment of the U.S. Air Force as an independent service in September 1947, it became MacDill Air Force Base. During the 1950s and 1960s, it was a Strategic Air Command (SAC) installation for B-47 Stratojet bombers. In the early 1960s, it transitioned to a Tactical Air Command (TAC) installation, briefly operating the F-84 Thunderstreak jet fighter before transitioning to the F-4 Phantom II. During the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s, it operated F-4 Phantom II fighters under various fighter wings, followed by F-16 Fighting Falcons in the mid-1980s to early 1990s.

MacDill became an Air Mobility Command installation in 1996 and home to the 6th Air Refueling Wing, its 310th Airlift Squadron flying the C-37A, and its 50th Air Refueling Squadron and 91st Air Refueling Squadron flying the KC-135. The 6 ARW is further augmented by the Air Force Reserve Command's 927th Air Refueling Wing and 63d Air Refueling Squadron also flying KC-135s.

MacDill AFB is also home to the headquarters for two of the U.S. military's unified combatant commands: Headquarters, United States Central Command, and Headquarters, United States Special Operations Command. Both commands are independent from one another and each is commanded by a respective four-star general or admiral.

Two additional subunified commands are also headquartered at MacDill AFB: Commander, United States Marine Corps Forces Central Command, commanded by a three-star general, and United States Special Operations Command Central commanded by a two-star general or admiral.

Port Tampa Cemetery
Port Tampa Cemetery “was one of several African American cemeteries in the area that had been forgotten or purchased for redevelopment,” according to a historical marker established within the base. In 2019, the Air Force received information about the existence of a former African-American graveyard on the grounds of the base from the Tampa Bay History Center. Archival city records indicated that there was a segregation era burial site for Black families between 1840 and 1920. A non-intrusive archaeological survey using ground penetrating radar and cadaver dogs found evidence of a cemetery by a contractor hired by the base. On 19 January 2024, Air force officials announced that potentially 121 unmarked graves had been discovered. The search continues along with outreach to the community on how to best document the site and pay respect to the people buried there.

Establishment and name

MacDill AFB was originally established in 1939 as Southeast Air Base, Tampa. It is named in honor of Colonel Leslie MacDill (1889–1938).

World War II

The B-26 earned the slogan "One a day in Tampa Bay" due to the number of early-model B-26 aircraft that ditched or crashed into the Tampa Bay waters surrounding MacDill Field. Early models of the B-26 aircraft proved hard to fly and land by many pilots due to its short wings, high landing speeds, and fighter-plane maneuverability. Improvements to the Block 10 version of the aircraft, known as the B-26B-10, added six feet of additional wingspan and upgraded engines that eliminated most of these problems.

306th Bombardment Wing

Deliveries of the new Boeing B-47A Stratojet to the Air Force and SAC began in December 1950, and the aircraft entered service in May 1951 with the 306th Bombardment Wing.

305th Bombardment Wing
The 809th Air Division (809th AD) took over host unit responsibilities for MacDill AFB on 16 June 1952.

In June 1952, the 305th upgraded to the all-jet Boeing B-47B Stratojet.

Alert detachment operations
Although control of MacDill AFB would pass from SAC to TAC in the early 1960s, SAC continued to maintain a periodic presence at MacDill in the form of dispersal alert operations of B-52 and KC-135 aircraft from other SAC bombardment wings, using the extant SAC Alert Facility at MacDill. These operations continued until the early 1980s.

Tactical Air Command
The first attempt to close MacDill AFB was made in 1960, when the impending phaseout of SAC's B-47 bombers caused it to be listed as surplus and slated for closure. However, the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 highlighted the base's strategic location and its usefulness as a staging area. As a result, the cuts were stayed and the base repurposed for a tactical mission with fighter aircraft. In response to the crisis, the United States Strike Command was also established at MacDill as a crisis response force; it was one of the first unified commands, a command that draws manpower and equipment from all branches of the U.S. military.

In 1962, MacDill AFB was transferred from SAC to TAC. Bomber aircraft remained home-based at MacDill until the 306th Bombardment Wing's transfer to McCoy AFB, and SAC continued to maintain a tenant presence at MacDill through the 1980s, using their alert facility as a dispersal location for B-52 and KC-135 aircraft. But for all practical purposes, the 1960s marked MacDill's transition from a bomber-centric SAC base to a fighter-centric TAC installation. Under TAC, MacDill AFB remained a fighter base for almost 30 years, but other changes went on in the background.

15th Tactical Fighter Wing

On 17 April 1962, the 15th Tactical Fighter Wing was activated at MacDill and assigned to 9th Air Force. Initially equipped with the F-84F Thunderjet, in 1964 the 15th TFW subsequently upgraded to the tail-coded McDonnell-Douglas F-4C Phantom II. In 1970, U.S. Strike Command was renamed United States Readiness Command.

Cuban Missile Crisis
They were to also press napalm and rocket attacks against surface-to-air missile sites at Mariel and Sagua La Grande, as well as the airfields at Santa Clara, Los Banos, and San Julien.

1st Tactical Fighter Wing

On 10 January 1970, the 1st Tactical Fighter Wing was reassigned without personnel or equipment to MacDill. In 1972, the 1st TFW standardized all of its aircraft with the common wing tail code "FF".

56th Tactical Fighter Wing / 56th Tactical Training Wing

In 1980, the new Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force was activated, and in 1983, it became United States Central Command. Also in 1987, United States Special Operations Command was activated at MacDill AFB, occupying the former facilities of USREDCOM.

At Super Bowl XVIII and again at Super Bowl XXV, both played at Tampa Stadium, 56th Tactical Training Wing aircraft performed the flyover and missing man formation after the national anthem.

After Cold War and BRAC 1991
By the early 1990s and the end of the Cold War, the U.S. was looking to downsize the military and eliminate a large number of bases in the United States as a cost-savings measure. MacDill AFB figured prominently in this; the Tampa area had seen substantial increases in commercial air traffic at the two international airports within 10 nautical miles of MacDill, creating hazardous conditions for F-16 training, and the noise associated with the high-performance jets was deemed unsuitable for high-density residential areas such as those around MacDill. As a result, the 1991 Defense Base Realignment and Closure Commission (BRAC) ordered that all flight-line activities cease at MacDill AFB by 1993.

As a result of the BRAC decision, the F-16 training mission and the 56th Fighter Wing were moved without personnel or equipment to Luke Air Force Base, outside of Phoenix, Arizona, and was reassigned to Air Education and Training Command.

6th Air Mobility Wing and 927th Air Refueling Wing (Associate)
In August 1992, just prior to the landfall of Hurricane Andrew in southern Florida, the 31st Fighter Wing (31 FW) and the Air Force Reserve's 482d Fighter Wing, both based at Homestead AFB, executed an emergency hurricane evacuation of all of their flyable F-16C and F-16D aircraft, with the bulk of those aircraft temporarily staging at MacDill. Given the level of destruction at Homestead AFB, these fighter aircraft remained at MacDill for several months thereafter.

In 1993, with the help of local Representative Bill Young (R-FL), the flight-line closure order for MacDill was rescinded and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration transferred from their former aircraft operations center at Miami International Airport to Hangar 5 at MacDill AFB to use the base and its flight line as their new home station for weather reconnaissance and research flights.

On 1 January 1994, the Air Combat Command's 6th Air Base Wing (6 ABW) stood up at MacDill AFB to operate the base and provide support services for the large and growing number of tenant units, as well as to provide services for transient air units. Later that year, the base served as the primary staging facility for Operation Uphold Democracy in Haiti.

This staging was considered evidence of the quality and usefulness of the MacDill runway and flight line, even in light of the high civilian air traffic levels in the Tampa Bay area from nearby Tampa International Airport, St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport, and Peter O. Knight Airport. With further congressional prodding and lobbying, MacDill was chosen as the site for a KC-135 air refueling mission. With the arrival of 12 KC-135R tankers and the 91st Air Refueling Squadron from Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana, the 6 ABW was renamed the 6th Air Refueling Wing (6 ARW) on 1 October 1996 and transferred from ACC to the Air Mobility Command (AMC).

In January 2001, the 310th Airlift Squadron (310 AS) was activated at the base, flying the CT-43A and EC-135Y, the former aircraft providing executive transport to the commander of United States Southern Command in Miami and the latter aircraft providing executive transport and airborne command post capabilities to the commanders of USCENTCOM and USSOCOM at MacDill. New C-37A aircraft were delivered starting in 2001, and the CT-43 and EC-135s were subsequently removed from service. The 310th's primary mission is dedicated airlift support for the commanders of USCENTCOM, USSOCOM, and USSOUTHCOM. With the addition of the 310 AS, the wing was given its current designation as the 6th Air Mobility Wing (6 AMW).

In April 2008, pursuant to BRAC action, the Air Force Reserve Command's 927th Air Refueling Wing relocated from Selfridge Air National Guard Base, Michigan, to MacDill AFB, where it became an associate wing to the 6 AMW, also flying KC-135R aircraft.

Tenant units
In late 2003/early 2004, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command vacated its Tampa "rear headquarters" at MacDill AFB, a complex that was established in the early 1990s following the first Gulf War and commanded by a flag officer, either an upper half or lower half rear admiral concurrently assigned as the USNAVCENT/US 5th Fleet Deputy Commander (DEPCOMUSNAVCENT/DEPCOMFIFTHFLT), and his staff when they were not forward deployed to the Persian Gulf region. In vacating the MacDill AFB facility, all USNAVCENT staff activities were consolidated at COMUSNAVCENT/COMFIFTHFLT headquarters in Manama, Bahrain.

NAVCENT's facility at MacDill AFB was subsequently turned over to the Deputy Commander, U.S. Marine Forces Central Command (DEPCOMUSMARCENT), and his staff. It would later become the overall Headquarters, U.S. Marine Forces Central Command, while the Commanding General for MARCENT (COMUSMARCENT) would remain a dual-hatted function of the Commanding General, I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF) at Camp Pendleton, California. From late 2003 until 2012, the Commanding General remained in California, while his MARCENT staff primarily resided at MacDill AFB with an additional forward element at Naval Support Activity Bahrain in Manama, Bahrain. In 2012, the COMUSMARCENT and CG I MEF billets were broken into separate billets and COMUSMARCENT took up full-time residency in MARCENT's headquarters facility at MacDill AFB, upgrading the facility to a 3-star headquarters.

Also in late 2004/early 2005, Naval Reserve Center Tampa vacated its obsolescent waterfront location in downtown Tampa, consolidated with the former Naval Reserve Center St. Petersburg adjacent to Coast Guard Air Station Clearwater, and relocated to a newly constructed facility on the south side of MacDill AFB. In 2006, this facility was renamed Navy Operational Support Center Tampa, concurrent with the shift in name of the U.S. Naval Reserve to the U.S. Navy Reserve and its greater integration into the Fleet and shore establishment of the Regular Navy. Under the command of an active duty full-time support (FTS) U.S. Navy Captain, NOSC Tampa provides administrative support for all Navy Reserve personnel assigned to both local independent Navy Reserve units at NOSC Tampa and to the various joint and service commands and activities at MacDill AFB, CGAS Clearwater and Marine Corps Reserve Center Tampa.

The Joint Communications Support Element (JCSE) is a joint command headquartered at MacDill AFB that deploys to provide en route, early entry, scalable command, control, communications and computer (C4) support to the geographical Unified Combatant Commands, the U.S. Special Operations Command, and other military commands and U.S. Government agencies as directed. On order, JCSE provides additional C4 services within 72 hours to support larger Commander, Joint Task Force/Commander, Joint Special Operations Task Force (CJTF/CJSOTF) headquarters across the full spectrum of operations. JCSE is commanded by a U.S. Army Colonel and consists of a Headquarters Support Squadron (HSS), a Communications Support Detachment (CSD), three active-duty joint communications squadrons: the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Joint Communications Squadrons, and the 4th Joint Communications Squadron, the 4th being a U.S. Army Reserve squadron. All are located on the JCSE compound at MacDill AFB. JCSE also includes two additional joint communications support squadrons from the Air National Guard: the 224th Joint Communications Support Squadron (224 JCSS) of the Georgia Air National Guard in Brunswick, Georgia, and the 290th Joint Communications Support Squadron (290 JCSS) of the Florida Air National Guard located in its own compound separate from JCSE at MacDill AFB.

As mentioned above, the 290th Joint Communications Support Squadron (290 JCSS) of the Florida Air National Guard is another tenant unit at MacDill AFB. The 290 JCSS provides Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-directed globally deployable, en route, and early entry communications support to geographic combatant commands, the United States Special Operations Command, individual U.S. armed services, other Department of Defense activities and combat support agencies, other U.S. Government agencies, and the State of Florida. The squadron deploys modular, scalable support to large Joint and Combined War-fighting Command and Control (C2) headquarters nodes. Under its Title 10 USC "Federal" mission, the 290 JCSS is associated with the U.S. Transportation Command's Joint Enabling Capabilities Command (JECC) and the Joint Communications Support Element (JCSE). As a USAF organization, the 290 JCSS is operationally gained by the Air Mobility Command (AMC). Under its Title 32 USC "state" mission, the squadron reports to the Governor of Florida via the Assistant Adjutant General for Air (ATAG-Air) and The Adjutant General (TAG) of the Florida National Guard./

The newest tenant command at MacDill AFB is the 598th Range Squadron (598 RANS), an Air Combat Command (ACC) unit that was activated at the MacDill AFB Auxiliary Field at Avon Park Air Force Range, Florida on 22 September 2015. The 598 RANS replaced Detachment 1, 23d Fighter Group, which had previously managed the range and additional facilities at MacDill AFB. The 598 RANS operates both the Avon Park Air Force Range (APAFR) and the 23rd Wing Deployed Unit Complex (DUC) located at MacDill AFB. The DUC is a separate flight line facility on the west side of MacDill AFB for transient military flight crews, maintenance crews and fighter and attack aircraft utilizing the APAFR. This permits visiting squadrons to have ready access to APAFR while concurrently taking advantage of the more robust billeting, messing and aircraft maintenance support capabilities at MacDill AFB. This combination of facilities between MacDill AFB and the APAFR provides extensive, diversified and convenient training airspace and ranges with unique training capabilities for military air, ground and air-to-ground training. The squadron's higher headquarters, the 23d Fighter Group, is located at Moody Air Force Base, Georgia.

In September 2019, the 310th Airlift squadron inactivated. The squadron had operated three C-37A Gulfstream V and provided global special assignment airlift missions (SAAM) in support of the commanders of the unified combatant commands. As a result, with its primary mission now aerial refueling, the 6th Air Mobility Wing was re-designated as the 6th Air Refueling Wing.

Super Bowl flyovers
The flyover and Missing man formations for Super Bowl XXV, Super Bowl XXXV and Super Bowl XLIII, played at Raymond James Stadium, came from KC-135 aircraft from MacDill's 6th Air Mobility Wing, with additional flyovers by a B-2 Spirit from the 509th Bomb Wing and F-22 Raptor aircraft from the 325th Fighter Wing. The former flyover was the first Super Bowl flyover to be telecast in high definition.

Cyber and information warfare
As the home for USSOCOM, the unified combatant command that holds authority over the command and control of U.S.-based special operations forces, as well as the home of SOCCENT, the geographic command responsible for executing special operations in the Central Command area of responsibility, MacDill has been used to conduct psychological operations, also referred to as Military Information Support Operations (MISO) including propaganda and information warfare. According to Reuters, a facility within MacDill "remains the Pentagon’s clandestine propaganda factory."

In early 2011, several news outlets, primarily in the United Kingdom, reported that Ntrepid, a California software and hardware company, had been awarded a $2.76 million U.S. government contract to create false online personas to counter the threat of terrorism and could possibly run their operation from MacDill AFB.

BRAC 2005
In its 2005 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Recommendations, DoD recommended to realign Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota. It would distribute the 319th Air Refueling Wing's KC-135R aircraft to the 6th Air Mobility Wing (6 AMW) at MacDill AFB, FL (four aircraft) and several other installations, increasing the number of KC-135R aircraft assigned to the 6 AMW from twelve to sixteen aircraft. Concurrent with this BRAC decision, the 6 AMW would also host a Reserve association with the Air Mobility Command-gained 927th Air Refueling Wing (927 ARW) of the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC), the latter of which would be realigned and relocated from Selfridge ANGB, Michigan to MacDill AFB. Under the Reserve Associate arrangement, both the 6 AMW and the 927 ARW would share the same KC-135R aircraft, while the 927 ARW would turn over their KC-135R aircraft to the 127th Wing (127 WG) of the Michigan Air National Guard at Selfridge ANGB. The 927 ARW began relocation from Selfridge ANGB to MacDill AFB in 2007 and formally established itself at MacDill in April 2008.

Additional KC-135 Aircraft for 6 AMW / 927 ARW
Long range USAF plans in the 2015 defense budget called for MacDill AFB to add eight additional KC-135R aircraft to its extant sixteen KC-135Rs in FY2018. The 6 AMW would also increase manning by approximately 300 personnel. These additional KC-135R aircraft would come from other Air Force, Air Force Reserve Command and Air National Guard units transitioning to the KC-46A Pegasus aerial refueling aircraft and the timeline would be contingent on those other units completing their transition and achieving operational capability with the KC-46.

Departure of NOAA Aircraft Operations Center
Until mid-2017, MacDill AFB also hosted the Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Commissioned officers of the NOAA Corps and NOAA civil servants fly "Hurricane Hunter" missions in NOAA's WP-3D Orion and Gulfstream IV aircraft, as well as other research missions in these and other assigned fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft.

With the anticipated increase in KC-135R aircraft and the need for additional maintenance hangar space, the Air Force informed NOAA in 2016 that they would no longer be able to host the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center, its aircraft, and the 110 NOAA personnel in Hangar 5 and its adjacent operations building at MacDill AFB. In May 2017, NOAA began relocation to a new facility at Lakeland Linder International Airport, northeast of MacDill AFB, completing same in June 2017.

Airshow
MacDill historically hosted an annual air show and "open house" enjoyed by thousands of spectators each year. There were no shows in 2002 and 2003 due to security concerns following the attacks on the United States of 11 September 2001 and the initiation of Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. The 2006 show was also canceled due to security concerns on base, but was reinstated in 2008. It was cancelled again in 2013 due to defense budget constraints, but was reinstated again in 2014 as a biennial event. AirFest 2016 was the first-ever airshow to feature a live webcast of the performers, including the headline act of the United States Air Force Thunderbirds.

Previous names

 * Established as Southeast Air Base, Tampa, c. 24 May 1939
 * MacDill Field, 1 December 1939 (formally dedicated, 16 Apr 1941)
 * MacDill Air Force Base, 13 January 1948

Major commands to which assigned

 * GHQ Air Force, 8 April 1940
 * Third Air Force, 21 July 1942
 * Continental Air Forces, 16 April 1945 (redesignated Strategic Air Command, 21 March 1946)

 * Tactical Air Command, 1 July 1962
 * Air Combat Command, 1 June 1992
 * Air Mobility Command, 4 January 1994–present

Base operating units

 * 27th Air Base Squadron, 11 March 1940
 * 27th Air Base Group, 1 September 1940
 * 28th Base HQ and Air Base Squadron, c. 15 July 1942
 * MacDill Field Base Detachment, 13 December 1943
 * 326th AAF Base Unit, 1 May 1944
 * 307th Airdrome Group, 15 August 1947
 * 307th Air Base Group, 12 July 1948
 * 306th Air Base Group, 1 September 1950

 * 809th Air Base Group, 16 June 1952 (redesignated 809th Combat Support Group, 1 January 1959)
 * 306th Combat Support Group, 1 June 1959
 * 836th Combat Support Group, 1 July 1962
 * 15th Combat Support Group, 8 June 1969
 * 1st Combat Support Group, 1 October 1970
 * 56th Combat Support Group, 1 July 1975
 * 6th Mission Support Group, 4 January 1994–present

World War II

 * HQ, Southeast Air District (later: Third Air Force), 18 December 1940 – January 1941
 * HQ, III Bomber Command, 15 December 1941 – 8 April 1946
 * 3d Bombardment Wing, 3 October 1940 – 5 September 1941
 * 53d Pursuit Group, 15 January – 8 May 1941 (P-40)
 * 29th Bombardment Group, 21 May 1940 – 25 June 1942 (B-17/B-18 Antisubmarine Patrols)
 * 21st Bombardment Group, 27 June 1942 – 10 October 1943 (B-26 OTU)
 * 336th Bombardment Group, 15 July – 10 August 1942; 13 October – 6 November 1943 (B-26 RTU)
 * 488th Bombardment Group, 1 November 1943 – 1 May 1944 (B-17 RTU)

 * Re-designated: 326th Army Air Forces Base Unit (Heavy Bombardment) 1 May 1944 – 30 June 1944
 * Re-designated: 326th Army Air Forces Base Unit (Separation Station)

 * 89th Combat Crew Training Wing, 19 June 1944 – 8 April 1946 (Reconnaissance Training)
 * 11th Photographic Group, January-5 October 1944
 * 323d Combat Crew Training Wing, 22 February 1945 – 4 August 1946 (Very Heavy Bomber)

World War II Training Units Assigned

 * HQ XII Bomber Command, 13 March – 31 August 1942 (Deployed to England)
 * 19th Bombardment Wing, 24 July – 28 September 1942 (Deployed to Egypt)
 * 12th Bombardment Wing, 8 September 1942 – 28 November 1943 (Deployed to England)
 * 13th Bombardment Wing, 1 October 1942 – 10 May 1943 (Deployed to England)
 * 14th Bombardment Wing, 1 October 1942 – 9 May 1943 (Deployed to England)
 * 20th Bombardment Wing, 1 November 1942 – 8 May 1943 (Deployed to England)
 * 98th Bombardment Wing, 2 October 1940 – 5 September 1941 (Deployed to England)
 * 44th Bombardment Group, 15 January 1941 – 15 February 1942 (B-24 Antisubmarine Patrols)
 * 92d Bombardment Group, 26 March–May 1942 (B-17 1st Level Training)
 * 91st Bombardment Group, 16 May – 26 June 1942 (B-17 1st Level Training)
 * 99th Bombardment Group, 1–29 June 1942 (B-17 Organized)
 * 94th Bombardment Group, 15 June – 1 July 1942 (B-17 Organized)

 * 323d Bombardment Group, 21 August – 2 November 1942 (B-25 2d Level Training)
 * 386th Bombardment Group, 1 December 1942 – 9 February 1943 (B-26 1st Level Training)
 * 387th Bombardment Group, 1 December 1942 – 12 April 1943 (B-26 1st Level Training)
 * 463d Bombardment Group, 5 November 1943 – 3 January 1944 (B-17 2d Level Training)
 * 483d Bombardment Group, 7 November 1943 – 2 March 1944 (B-17 2d/3d Level Training)

Postwar units

 * 311th Reconnaissance Wing, 17 April 1946 – 31 May 1947
 * 8th Bomber Command, 14 May – 10 November 1946
 * Eighth Air Force, 7 June – 1 November 1946
 * Tactical Air Command, 21 March – 26 May 1946

United States Air Force

 * 307th Bombardment Wing, 15 August 1947 – 16 May 1951 (B-29, B-50)
 * 306th Bombardment Group, 1 August 1948 – 16 June 1952 (B-29, B-50)
 * 306th Bombardment Wing, 1 September 1950 – 1 April 1953 (B-50)
 * 1 January 1959 – 1 March 1963 (B-47A/B/E, KC-97)

 * 305th Bombardment Wing, 2 January 1951 – 1 June 1959 (B-29, B-50, B-47B/E)
 * 4750th Air Defense Wing, 25 June 1959 – 25 June 1960
 * 17th Tow Target Squadron, 11 June 1959 – 15 June 1960 (B-57E)

 * 12th Tactical Fighter Wing, 25 April 1962 – 8 November 1965 (F-4C)
 * 15th Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 July 1962 – 1 October 1970 (F-4C/D)
 * 836th Air Division, 1 July 1962 – 30 June 1971
 * 1st Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 October 1970 – 30 June 1975 (F-4E)
 * 56th Tactical Fighter Wing, 30 June 1975 – 4 January 1994 (F-4D/E, F-16A/B/C/D)
 * 6th Air Mobility Wing, 4 January 1994–present (KC-135R, EC-135Y, CT-43A, C-37A)
 * 927th Air Refueling Wing (Associate), 1 April 2008 – present (KC-135R)

Role and operations
The 6 ARW also has a collocated Air Force Reserve "Associate" wing at MacDill, the 927th Air Refueling Wing (927 ARW) of the Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC). The 6 ARW and the 927 ARW operate and share the same assigned KC-135R Stratotanker aircraft.

The 6 AMW's 3,000-person force organized into four groups, in addition to the wing commander's immediate staff.

Approximately 15,000 people work at MacDill Air Force Base, with a significant number of military personnel and their families living on base in military housing, while remaining service-members and military families live off base in the Tampa Bay area. MacDill AFB is a significant contributor to Tampa's economy and the city is very supportive of the military community. In 2001 and 2003, the Tampa Bay area was awarded the Abilene Trophy, which annually honors the most supportive Air Force city in Air Mobility Command.

The base has a large visitor lodging facility known as the MacDill Inn, a DECA commissary, an AAFES base exchange, and numerous Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) activities such as the Surf's Edge all ranks club, a base swimming pool, movie theater, marina, the Raccoon Creek Family Camp for recreational vehicles, the SeaScapes Beach House and the Bay Palms Golf Course.

In June 2024, Reuters reported that a secret propaganda campaign to disparage the Chinese COVID-19 vaccine in the developing world was conducted from MacDill AFB using fake social media accounts.

In December 2021, the Air Force announced that the 6th Air Refueling Wing would re-equip with 24 of the new Boeing KC-46 Pegasus aerial refueling aircraft in the coming years.

6th Air Refueling Wing
The 6 ARW consists of:

Operates the Boeing KC-135R Stratotanker, conducting worldwide aerial refueling/air mobility support. Established as an additional air refueling squadron in the 6 AMW in October 2017. Operates the Boeing KC-135R. Stratotanker. The 911 ARS is a geographically separated unit (GSU) of the 6 AMW, operating the KC-135R Stratotanker as an "active associate" squadron with the Air Force Reserve Command's 916th Air Refueling Wing (916 ARW) at Seymour Johnson AFB, NC. The 911 ARS flies the 916 ARW's aircraft, supporting US military operations worldwide. The 99 ARS is a GSU of the 6 AMW, operating the KC-135R Stratotanker as an "active associate" squadron with the Alabama Air National Guard's 117th Air Refueling Wing (117 ARW) at Birmingham Air National Guard Base, AL. The 99 ARS flies the 117 ARW's aircraft, supporting US military operations worldwide. Provides airfield management responsibilities for MacDill AFB, to include staffing and operation of the air traffic control tower, weather forecasting services, transient alert services and other flight operations and aircrew support functions.
 * 6th Operations Group (6 OG)
 * 91st Air Refueling Squadron (91 ARS)
 * 50th Air Refueling Squadron (50 ARS)
 * 911th Air Refueling Squadron (911 ARS)
 * 99th Air Refueling Squadron (99 ARS)
 * 6th Operations Support Squadron (6 OSS)
 * 6th Maintenance Group (6 MXG)
 * 6th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 6th Maintenance Squadron
 * 6th Maintenance Operations Squadron
 * 6th Medical Group (6 MDG)
 * 6th Medical Operations Squadron
 * 6th Aerospace Medicine Squadron
 * 6th Dental Squadron
 * 6th Medical Support Squadron
 * 6th Mission Support Group (6 MSG)
 * 6th Communications Squadron
 * 6th Civil Engineering Squadron
 * 6th Comptroller Squadron
 * 6th Contracting Squadron
 * 6th Logistics Readiness Squadron
 * 6th Force Support Squadron
 * 6th Security Forces Squadron
 * 6th Air Mobility Wing Staff Agencies (e.g., Safety, Wing Plans, Legal, Chaplain, Public Affairs, Historian, etc.)

927th Air Refueling Wing
The 927 ARW is an associate unit of the 6th Air Refueling Wing of the Air Mobility Command (AMC), with both wings sharing and flying the same Boeing KC-135R Stratotanker aircraft, while ground support personnel augment their active duty counterparts in the 6 AMW. The 927 ARW is part of the 4th Air Force (4 AF) of Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC). If mobilized to active duty, the wing is operationally-gained by Air Mobility Command (AMC). The 927 ARW has approximately 1,000 personnel consisting of part-time Traditional Reservists (TR) and full-time Air Reserve Technicians (ART) and Active Guard and Reserve (AGR).

The 927 ARW is commanded by Colonel Douglas Stouffer and the wing's Command Chief Master Sergeant is CMSgt Michael Klausutis.

The 927 ARW consists of:

Operates the Boeing KC-135R Stratotanker. The KC-135R is a long-range aerial refueling (e.g., tanker) aircraft capable of refueling a variety of other aircraft in mid-air, anywhere in the world and under any weather conditions. Augments the 6 OSS in airfield management responsibilities for MacDill AFB, to include staffing and operation of the air traffic control tower, weather forecasting services, transient alert services and other flight operations and aircrew support.
 * 927th Operations Group (927 OG)
 * 45th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron
 * 63d Air Refueling Squadron (63 ARS)
 * 927th Operations Support Squadron (927 OSS)
 * 927th Maintenance Group (927 MXG)
 * 927th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 927th Maintenance Squadron
 * 927th Mission Support Group (927 MSG)
 * 927th Logistics Readiness Squadron
 * 927th Force Support Squadron
 * 927th Security Forces Squadron
 * 927th Air Refueling Squadrons not assigned to a group
 * 927th Aerospace Medicine Squadron
 * 927th Aeromedical Staging Squadron
 * 927th Air Refueling Wing Staff Agencies (e.g., Safety, Wing Plans, Comptroller, Legal, Chaplain, Public Affairs, Historian, etc.)

Other major tenant units
MacDill has 28 "mission partners" (tenant units) according to the official MacDill AFB website. Among these are:

Previously designated as Detachment 1 of the 23rd Wing (23 WG) until August 2014 and Det 1 of the 23d Fighter Group (23 FG) until August 2015, the 598 RANS is unique among MacDill AFB's tenant units in that it operates both (1) the Deployed Unit Complex (DUC) at MacDill AFB, providing a separate flight line facility and support infrastructure for detachments of USAF, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps (to include Reserve and Air National Guard) and NATO/Allied fighter, attack and special operations aircraft utilizing the nearby Avon Park Air Force Range (APAFR) facility, and (2) operates and maintains the entire 20,000 square mile APAFR facility approximately 65 miles east of MacDill AFB. An Air Combat Command (ACC) organization, the 598 RANS reports to the Commander, 23d Fighter Group, at Moody Air Force Base, Georgia.
 * Headquarters, United States Central Command (USCENTCOM)
 * Headquarters, United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM)
 * Headquarters, United States Marine Forces Central Command (MARCENT)
 * Headquarters, United States Special Operations Command Central (SOCCENT)
 * Navy Operational Support Center Tampa (NOSC Tampa)
 * subordinate unit of the United States Navy Reserve (USNR)
 * Joint Communications Support Element (JCSE)
 * subordinate unit of the Joint Enabling Capabilities Command (JECC)
 * 598th Range Squadron (598 RANS) of the 23d Wing of the Air Combat Command (ACC)
 * Geographically separated unit (GSU) of the 23d Fighter Group (23 FG), 23d Wing (23 WG), at Moody AFB, Georgia
 * 290th Joint Communications Support Squadron (290 JCSS)
 * subordinate unit of the Florida Air National Guard (FL ANG)
 * Joint Special Operations University (JSOU)
 * Joint Forces Staff College (JFSC) Satellite Campus
 * Geographically separated field activity of JFSC at Naval Support Activity Hampton Roads, Virginia
 * a division of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)
 * Precision Measurement Equipment Laboratory (PMEL), a government-owned/contractor operated (GOCO) field activity of the Air Force Primary Standards Laboratory under the Air Force Metrology and Calibration Program Office (AFMETCAL)
 * Florida Area Office and the MacDill AFB Resident Office of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

MacDill AFB also supports other Active Component and Reserve Component military activities and personnel of the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Air Force and U.S. Coast Guard in the West Central Florida/Tampa Bay Region, as well as the large military retiree community in the Tampa Bay area and surrounding environs.\

Based units
Flying and notable non-flying units based at MacDill Air Force Base.

Units marked GSU are Geographically Separate Units, which although based at MacDill, are subordinate to a parent unit based at another location.

United States Air Force
Air Mobility Command

 * 6th Air Refueling Wing (Host wing)
 * 6th Operations Group
 * 6th Operations Support Squadron
 * 50th Air Refueling Squadron – KC-135R Stratotanker
 * 91st Air Refueling Squadron – KC-135R Stratotanker
 * 6th Maintenance Group
 * 6th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 6th Maintenance Operations Squadron
 * 6th Maintenance Squadron
 * 6th Medical Group
 * 6th Aerospace Medicine Squadron
 * 6th Dental Squadron
 * 6th Medical Operations Squadron
 * 6th Medical Support Squadron
 * 6th Mission Support Group
 * 6th Civil Engineer Squadron
 * 6th Communications Squadron
 * 6th Contracting Squadron
 * 6th Force Support Squadron
 * 6th Logistics Readiness Squadron
 * 6th Security Forces Squadron

Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC)

 * 927th Air Refueling Wing
 * 927th Aerospace Medicine Squadron
 * 927th Aeromedical Staging Squadron
 * 927th Operations Group
 * 45th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron
 * 63rd Air Refueling Squadron – KC-135R Stratotanker
 * 927th Operations Support Squadron
 * 927th Maintenance Group
 * 927th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 927th Maintenance Squadron
 * 927th Mission Support Group
 * 927th Force Support Squadron
 * 927th Logistics Readiness Squadron
 * 927th Security Forces Squadron

Air Combat Command (ACC)

Air National Guard (ANG)

 * Florida Air National Guard
 * 290th Joint Communications Support Squadron

United States Navy
United States Navy Reserve

 * Navy Operational Support Center - Tampa

United States Marines
United States Marine Forces Central Command

 * Headquarters United States Marine Forces Central Command

Defence Intelligence Agency
National Intelligence University

 * National Intelligence University Southern Academic Center

Department of Defense
United States Central Command

 * Headquarters United States Central Command
 * Regional Joint Intelligence Training and Education Facility

United States Special Operations Command

 * Headquarters United States Special Operations Command
 * Headquarters United States Special Operations Command Central
 * Joint Special Operations University

United States Transportation Command

 * Joint Enabling Capabilities Command
 * Joint Communications Support Element

National Defense University

 * Joint Forces Staff College (GSU)

Incidents

 * On May 24, 2012, a Canadair CC-144A Challenger 600 (144601) of the RCAF hit a large turkey vulture on approach to MacDill. The plane landed safely with no fatalities. Temporary repairs were made to the radome and forward bulkhead before it was ferried back to Canada on July 10. The plane has since been fully repaired.

Other sources

 * Maurer, Maurer (ed.). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1961 (republished 1983, Office of Air Force History, ISBN 0-912799-02-1).
 * Ravenstein, Charles A. Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Office of Air Force History 1984. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
 * Mueller, Robert, Air Force Bases Volume I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982, Office of Air Force History, 1989 ISBN 0-912799-53-6
 * Martin, Patrick (1994). Tail Code: The Complete History of USAF Tactical Aircraft Tail Code Markings. Schiffer Military Aviation History. ISBN 0-88740-513-4.
 * Rogers, Brian (2005). United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978. Hinkley, England: Midland Publications. ISBN 1-85780-197-0.
 * Cornett, Lloyd H. and Johnson, Mildred W., A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization 1946 – 1980, Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado
 * Winkler, David F. (1997), Searching the skies: the legacy of the United States Cold War defense radar program. Prepared for United States Air Force Headquarters Air Combat Command.
 * USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers—1908 to present
 * Winkler, David F. (1997), Searching the skies: the legacy of the United States Cold War defense radar program. Prepared for United States Air Force Headquarters Air Combat Command.
 * USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers—1908 to present

title: MacDill Air Force Base


text:
Talk:Luis Muñoz Marín

Predecesor
Muñoz officially should not a have a predecesor on the info table, because the info table is only for DEMOCRATICALLY ELECTED GOVERNORS. Jesús T. Piñero was appointed by President Harry Truman, therefore he is not technically the predecesor of Muñoz Marín in the Order of Elected Governors User: Coburnpharr04 November 7, 2004 02:59 AM

 * I have included Jesús T. Piñero as the "predecessor", but with the clarifying notation that he was the last Presidentially-appointed Governor. As a matter of fact, Muñoz was the last person to hold the title of "Governor of Puerto Rico" and the first to hold the title used in the infobox of "Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico".Pr4ever (talk) 21:30, 25 July 2009 (UTC)

--- I expanded the section on Operation Bootstrap. The article still needs to trace the emergence of Muñoz Marín's PDP (and his New Deal-style politics) in the context of both the independence movement and the Great Depression. The Great Depression underscored the vulnerability of the island's economy to fluctuations in the world price of sugar; and the Nationalists and the Socialists posed the first strong challenges to Puerto Rico's monocultural plantation model of development. More needs to be added on the relationship between the rise of Muñoz Marín and the PDP and these challenges. 172 07:28, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

The Gag law was passed in 1948 a year before Muñoz came to power!
I've been looking it up and it turns out that the Gag law was passed in 1948 a full 6 months before Muñoz became Governor...--PunkMaister (talk) 05:58, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

Muñoz Marín was already IN power in 1948
In June 1948 (when Law 53 was passed) Muñoz Marín was President of the Puerto Rican Senate, leader of the controlling political party (the PPD), and owner of the influential newspaper La Democracia.

By 1948 he was the most powerful Puerto Rican politician on the island, more powerful than the "temporary" governor Piñero. Any and all legislation had to be sanctioned and shepherded through the legislature by Muñoz Marín.

Muñoz Marín engineered the passage of Law 53 through his legislature.Nelsondenis248  (talk) 15:47, 8 July 2013 (UTC)

Date of Presidential Medal of Freedom?
This page says, "On December 6, 1962, Muñoz Marín was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by US President John F. Kennedy." I have no special knowledge of this, but If this is correct, then LBJ was actually president at the official date of the award, of course. I note that the other two recipients listed for 1963 at List of Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients show LBJ as the president making the award. Just for what it's worth. It would be nice if someone who really knows, or has better information, would resolve this. Davecat4 (talk) 16:45, 23 November 2016 (UTC)
 * the Wikipedia page List of Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients says that it was in 1963, and
 * our personal (paper) copy of the 1975 Britannica says it was December, 1963

Edits by WikiSoldier86 seeking to specify "U.S." after place of birth
This subject is under discussion at. Please go THERE if you wish to join the discussion. Mercy11 (talk) 15:11, 23 June 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Luis Muñoz Marín


text:
Quantum jump (disambiguation)

A quantum jump is a scientific phenomenon, a transition between quantum states.

Quantum jump may also refer to:

 * paradigm shift or quantum jump, a drastic change and advancement
 * Quantum Jump, a 1970s British band
 * Quantum Jump (board game), or Exorbitare, a 1981 board game
 * Quantum jump method, a technique in computational physics

title: Quantum jump (disambiguation)


text:
Botswana Defence Force Air Wing

The Botswana Defence Force Air Arm is the air force of the Botswana Defence Force. The Air Arm was formed in 1977 and squadrons are designated with a Z, meaning "squadron".

History
The Air Wing was formed in 1977 and is organisationally part of the Botswana Defence Force.

All squadrons are designated with a Z, which stands for "squadron". The main base is near Molepolole and was built by mostly foreign contractors between 1992 and 1996. Other airports used are Sir Seretse Khama International Airport and Francistown International Airport.

The backbone of the Air Wing consists of a squadron of former Canadian Canadair CF-116s which are locally designated as BF-5s. Thirteen ex-Canadian CF-116s (ten single-seater CF-5As and three trainer CF-5Bs) were ordered in 1996 to replace BAC Strikemasters, with another three single-seaters and two dual-seaters delivered in 2000. The aircraft were re-designated OJ-1 through 16. For transport, the Air Wing uses Britten-Norman Defenders, CASA C-212 Aviocars, CASA CN-235s and Lockheed C-130B Hercules. The latest addition to the transport fleet was an ex-AMARC C-130 Hercules to complement the two existing aircraft.

A combination of Bell 412EP and 412SP helicopters are operated by Z21 and perform a variety of functions; search and rescue, medivac, anti-poaching and troop/VIP transport. In 1993, nine ex-US Army/AMARC Cessna O-2As were delivered for use against poaching.

In 2011, Pilatus Aircraft Ltd announced that the Botswana Defence Force had selected the PC-7 MkII turboprop trainer aircraft to replace their Pilatus PC-7 fleet which has been in service since 1990. The contract value is approximately 40 million Swiss francs to procure a fleet of five PC-7 MkII turboprop trainer aircraft, with ground-based training system including computer-based training, spares, support equipment, as well as pilot and technician conversion training elements. The contract was signed in Gaborone on 13 April 2011.

Botswana is also believed to operate Elbit Systems Silver Arrow and Elbit Hermes 450 UAVs.

Accidents and incidents

 * On 20 October 2011, two PC-7s of the Botswana Defence Force were involved in a midair collision over Letlhakeng 100 km west of Gaborone. Two of the four aircrew involved were killed in the accident.
 * On 27 June 2014, The Botswana Defence Force Air Arm lost an Eurocopter AS350 Ecureuil helicopter which crashed during a routine training at Thebephatshwa Air Base. Two pilots who were on board the aircraft, were taken to hospital in a stable condition.
 * On 9 February 2017, a BDF CASA C-212 crashed near Thebephatshwa village minutes after leaving the Thebephatshwa Air Base, killing all three people on board. The aircraft was on its way to the capital, Gaborone, which is 90 km away.
 * On 27 April 2018, a day before BDF Day, a BF-5 fighter aircraft crashed at the Gaborone Golf Club during aerobatic rehearsals. The pilot was the only recorded casualty.

Organisation

 * Z1 Transport Squadron – Maparangwane Air Base (Thebephatshwa/Molepolole)
 * Z3 Transport (Liaison) Squadron – O-2A, Bat Hawk – Francistown Airport
 * Z7 Training Squadron – PC-7MkII, King Air 200 – Maparangwane Air Base (Thebephatshwa/Molepolole)
 * Z10 Transport Squadron – C-130, C-212 and CN-235 – Maparangwane Air Base (Thebephatshwa/Molepolole)
 * Z12 Transport Squadron – Francistown Airport
 * Z21 Transport/Helicopter Squadron – Bell 412 – Maparangwane Air Base (Thebephatshwa/Molepolole)
 * Z23 Transport/Helicopter Squadron – AS-350 – Maparangwane Air Base (Thebephatshwa/Molepolole)
 * Z28 Fighter Squadron – CF-5 – Maparangwane Air Base (Thebephatshwa/Molepolole)
 * VIP Flight Squadron – G-IV – Sir Seretse Khama International Airport

Air Bases
Maparangwane Air Base is the only full air base in Botswana. Sir Seretse Khama International Airport is a civilian airport that hosts the VIP jets and Francistown Airport is a joint civilian/military airfield with ownership by the BDF since 2011.

Air defence command and control system
In 2005 Botswana Defence Force (BDF) awarded the Spanish company Indra a €7.1 million contract for the development and implementation of a full air defence command and control system. The project included the development and implementation of an operational control centre, composed of a total of nine air traffic tracking and control posts to process and concentrate the information regarding the country's air space being provided by air surveillance radars, radio communication links with the airships, and air traffic management civil systems.

Retired aircraft
Previous aircraft operated by the Air Force were the Gulfstream IV, Cessna 150, Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander, Scottish Aviation Bulldog, and Short Skyvan.

Future acquisitions
The Botswana Defence Force Air Wing has been considering a replacement for the BF-5 since 2013, due to the fact that the Canadair CF-5s are old, built in the 1970s, and are increasingly hard to maintain and to find spare parts for them. A report in 2013 by the then the head of the BDF’s air arm, Major General Odirile Mashinyana, recognized the need to replace the aircraft, but also advised that upgrading the BF-5s would allow time to save funds for a well chosen successor. Since that time, the KAI T-50 Golden Eagle, used versions of the F-16, and the Saab Gripen were all considered. The most recent, and most likely, potential replacement is the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited new HAL Tejas fighter.

Commissioned officer ranks
The rank insignia of commissioned officers.

Other ranks
The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.

title: Botswana Defence Force Air Wing


text:
Tony Conigliaro

Anthony Richard Conigliaro (January 7, 1945 – February 24, 1990), nicknamed "Tony C" and "Conig", was an American Major League Baseball outfielder and right-handed batter who played for the Boston Red Sox (1964–1967, 1969–1970, 1975) and California Angels (1971). Born in Revere, Massachusetts, he was a 1962 graduate of St. Mary's High School in Lynn, Massachusetts. Conigliaro started his MLB career as a teenager, hitting a home run in his first at-bat during his home field debut in 1964. During the Red Sox "Impossible Dream" season of 1967, he was hit in the face by a pitch that caused a severe eye injury and derailed his career. Though he would make a comeback from the injury, his career was not the same afterwards.

Baseball career
Conigliaro was signed by the Red Sox in 1962, at the age of 17. In 1963, he batted .363 with 24 home runs playing for the Wellsville Red Sox in the New York–Penn League, after which he was called up to the majors.

During his 1964 rookie season, Conigliaro batted .290 with 24 home runs and 52 RBI in 111 games, but broke his arm and his toes in August. In his first at-bat in Fenway Park, Conigliaro hit a towering home run in the second inning against the White Sox.

In 1965, Conigliaro led the league in home runs (32), becoming the youngest home run champion in American League history. He was selected for the All-Star Game in 1967. In that season, at age 22, he not only reached a career total of 100 home runs, but attained that milestone at the youngest age for an American League player.

On August 18, 1967, the Red Sox were playing the California Angels at Fenway Park. Conigliaro, batting against Jack Hamilton, was hit by a pitch on his left cheekbone and was carried off the field on a stretcher. He sustained a linear fracture of the left cheekbone and a dislocated jaw with severe damage to his left retina. The batting helmet he was wearing did not have the protective ear-flap that has since become standard, partly due to this incident.

A year and a half later, Conigliaro made a remarkable return, hitting 20 homers with 82 RBI in 141 games, earning Comeback Player of the Year honors. In 1970, he reached career-high numbers in home runs (36) and RBI (116). That season, he and his brother Billy formed two-thirds of the Red Sox outfield. After a stint with the Angels in 1971, he returned to the Red Sox briefly in 1975 as a designated hitter, but was forced to retire because his eyesight had been permanently damaged.

Conigliaro batted .267, with 162 home runs and 501 RBI during his 802-game Red Sox career. With the Angels, he hit .222 with 4 home runs and 15 RBI in 74 games. He is the second-youngest player to hit his 100th homer (after Mel Ott), and the youngest American League player to do so.

Final years and death
After his retirement, in the fall of 1975, Conigliaro opened a restaurant in Providence, Rhode Island, managed by his brother Billy. In September of that same year, he was hired by WJAR TV 10 in Providence as a sports anchor. In August 1976, he moved to a similar position at KGO-TV Channel 7 in San Francisco.

On January 9, 1982, then 37-year-old Conigliaro was in Boston to interview for a broadcasting position when he suffered a heart attack while being driven to the airport by his brother Billy. Shortly thereafter, he suffered a stroke and lapsed into a coma. Conigliaro never fully recovered and suffered slight brain damage due to the stroke, until his death more than eight years later, in February 1990, at the age of 45 from pneumonia and kidney failure. In commemoration, the Red Sox wore black armbands that season. He is interred at Holy Cross Cemetery in Malden, Massachusetts.

Since 1990, the Tony Conigliaro Award, instituted by the Red Sox after his death, is given annually to the MLB player who best overcomes obstacles and adversities through the attributes of spirit, determination and courage that were considered Tony's trademarks.

Conigliaro's Corner
For the start of the 2007 season, Red Sox ownership added a new 200-seat bleacher section on the right field roof, providing an additional 200 available tickets for the season. It was named "Conigliaro's Corner" in honor of Conigliaro. The seats were being marketed specifically towards families. As of May 2007, the section was reserved for Red Sox Nation members on Saturdays and Red Sox Kid Nation members on Sundays. The seats were removed prior to the start of the 2009 season.

title: Tony Conigliaro


text:
John Parker (Labour politician)

Herbert John Harvey Parker (15 July 1906 – 24 November 1987) was a British Labour Party politician. He was first elected as the Member of Parliament for Romford in November 1935. After boundary changes, he continued as MP for Dagenham from 1945, remaining in the House of Commons until he retired in June 1983. As the longest-serving MP, he was the Father of the House of Commons from 1979 to 1983. When he left parliament in 1983, he was the last serving Member of Parliament to have served in the Commons before the Second World War.

With over 47 years in office, he was the longest-serving Labour MP in the party's history until 15 December 2017, when his record was overtaken by Dennis Skinner.

Early and private life
Parker was born in Bristol and raised in Liverpool. He was educated at Marlborough College and St John's College, Oxford, where he was Chair of the Oxford University Labour Club.

He married Zena Mimardiere in 1943; the couple had one son.

Political career
He contested the seat of Holland with Boston in Lincolnshire in the 1931 general election, but the sitting National Liberal MP James Blindell was reelected.

In the 1935 general election, Parker was elected as MP for Romford in Essex, which he represented until 1945. He was elected as MP for Dagenham at the 1945 general election, a new seat carved out of the Romford constituency. (His Labour colleague Thomas Macpherson was elected in Romford in 1945, but lost the seat to the Conservative John Lockwood in 1950).

Parker was briefly a junior minister from 1945 to 1946, serving as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Dominions Office, with future prime minister James Callaghan as his Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS). He lost this position as a result of the strong views he held regarding South Africa. He remained a backbencher afterwards, serving on several Parliamentary committees, including the Procedure Committee from 1966 to 1973.

His private member's bill introduced in 1952 to repeal the Sunday Observance Act 1780 was rejected; however, another private member's bill of his became the Legitimacy Act 1959, dealing with the legitimacy of children from void marriages and that of children whose parents married after their birth. He also shepherded a ten-minute rule bill into law, the British Nationality (No 2) Act 1964, which implemented into British law the United Nations Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness.

He remained MP for Dagenham until he retired at the 1983 general election. He was the last serving MP to have been elected before the Second World War, and he was the Father of the House of Commons from 1979 to 1983. His former PPS, James Callaghan, was the next MP to hold this honorary title.

Parker was associated with the Fabian Society throughout his political career. He became General Secretary of the New Fabian Research Bureau in 1933 and was General Secretary of the Fabian Society from 1939 to 1945. He was subsequently its Vice-Chairman and Chairman. He became President of the Fabian Society in 1980.

He wrote several books, including 42 Days in the Soviet Union (1946) and Labour Marches On (1947), and his memoirs, Father of the House (1982). His archive of papers, spanning nearly 40 years of public office from 1943 to 1982, are held by the London School of Economics as part of the British Library of Political and Economic Science.

Death
Parker died in London on 24 November 1987, at the age of 81.

title: John Parker (Labour politician)


text:
Paul Morton

Paul Morton (May 22, 1857 – January 19, 1911) was a U.S. businessman, and served as the 36th Secretary of the Navy under Theodore Roosevelt.

Biography
He served as the U.S. Secretary of the Navy between 1904 and 1905. Previous to this, he had been vice president of the Santa Fe Railroad. When it came to light that the Santa Fe had given illegal rebates under Morton, he was forced out of the cabinet to avoid scandal, though Roosevelt maintained that Morton himself was unaware of the improprieties. After leaving government service, Morton was President of Equitable Life Assurance Society.

Born in Detroit, Michigan, and growing up in Nebraska City, Nebraska, he was the younger brother of Joy Morton, founder of Morton Salt, and the son of J. Sterling Morton, former Acting Governor of Nebraska, founder of Arbor Day, and Secretary of Agriculture under President Grover Cleveland. Though his father was a "Bourbon" (i.e. conservative) Democrat, Paul Morton was a Progressive Republican. This shift of party by father/son cabinet secretaries is paralleled by that of Henry Cantwell Wallace, who served as a Progressive Republican Secretary of Agriculture under Harding and Coolidge, and his son Henry A. Wallace who served in the same office as a Democrat under Franklin D. Roosevelt.

George Burroughs Torrey painted a portrait of him.

Morton's daughter, Pauline Morton Sabin, became an influential figure in the Republican party, and played an important role in the Repeal of Prohibition in the United States.

Paul Morton died in New York City on January 19, 1911.

title: Paul Morton