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Pagani Automobili

Pagani Automobili S.p.A. (commonly referred to as Pagani) is an Italian manufacturer of sports cars and carbon fiber components. The company was founded in 1992 by Argentine businessman and engineer Horacio Pagani and is based in San Cesario sul Panaro, near Modena, Italy.

History
Horacio Pagani, who formerly created and managed Lamborghini's composites department, founded Pagani Composite Research in 1988. This new company worked with Lamborghini on numerous projects, including the restyling of the Lamborghini Countach 25th Anniversary Edition, the Lamborghini LM002, the P140 design concept, and the Diablo. In the late 1980s, Pagani began designing his own car, then referred to as the "C8 Project". Pagani planned to rename the C8 the "Fangio F1" to honour his friend, the Argentine five-time Formula One champion, Juan Manuel Fangio.

In 1991, Pagani established Modena Design to meet the increasing demand for his design, engineering, and prototyping services. In 1992, he began construction of a Fangio F1 prototype, and by 1993, the car was being tested at the Dallara wind tunnel with positive results. In 1994, Mercedes-Benz agreed to supply Pagani with V12 engines. The cost of these cars are at a total of 2.3 million dollars.

The final car was named the Zonda C12, the first of the Zonda line (the Fangio F1 name was dropped out of respect for Fangio, who died in 1995). It was first presented at the 1999 Geneva Motor Show.

In 2005, Pagani announced that it planned to triple its production output within the next three years, and to enter the US market in 2007.

On 30 June 2010, Pagani claimed a new record for production-based cars using the Pagani Zonda R and completing the Nürburgring in 6:47, beating the Ferrari 599XX.

Pagani Zonda
Pagani's first model, the Zonda, is powered by a mid-mounted DOHC V12 engine manufactured by Mercedes-Benz's AMG division. The car's design was inspired by jet fighters and the famous Sauber-Mercedes Silver Arrow Group C cars, and features several unique design elements, including its circular four pipe exhaust system.

The Zonda's production run ended with the Zonda HP Barchetta. Only three were produced with one unit retained for Horacio Pagani's personal collection and the other two costing US$15M.

 * Zonda
 * C12 5987 cc
 * C12 S 7010 cc
 * C12 S 7291 cc
 * C12 S Roadster
 * GR (racing car)
 * Zonda F
 * Zonda Roadster F
 * Zonda F Clubsport
 * Zonda Roadster F Clubsport

Zonda Cinque
Pagani announced a variant of the Zonda named "Zonda Cinque" which was introduced as a 2009 model. The Cinque is based on the track-only Zonda R, but features a new 669 hp Mercedes-Benz M297 V12 engine, active aerodynamics, and features exterior elements from the newly developed material "carbon-titanium fibre", which is stronger and lighter than typical carbon fibre. Only five were produced, all of which were already spoken for.

Pagani announced the Zonda Cinque Roadster in July 2009, of which only five were produced. The roadster uses the same Mercedes-Benz M297 V12 engine as the coupé version, but has been made lighter and stronger to keep the car structurally rigid. Both the coupe and the roadster accelerate from 0–60 mi/h in 3.4 seconds, 0–200 km/h in 9.6 seconds and have a top speed of 349 km/h. The Cinque uses carbon-ceramic brakes from Brembo. They help decelerate the car from 100 km/h–0 mph in 3.1 seconds and 200 km/h–0mph in 4.3 seconds. The maximum side acceleration is 1.45g with road tyres. The car produces 750 kg of downforce at 300 km/h.

Zonda Tricolore
At the 2010 Geneva Motor Show, Pagani announced the exclusive Zonda Tricolore, built to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Frecce Tricolori, the Italian Air Force's aerobatic squadron. Originally intended to be limited to a single car, eventually three were produced. The Tricolore is based on a top specification Zonda Cinque, built on a carbon titanium chassis with sequential transmission and titanium exhausts. The mid-mounted 7.3L M297 V12 engine produces 661 hp, which helps the car achieve a top speed of 217 mi/h and a 0–60 mi/h acceleration time of 3.2 seconds.

Other production variants

 * Zonda R
 * Zonda Revolucion
 * Zonda HP Barchetta
 * Zonda Revo Barchetta

Bespoke editions

 * 2004 C12 S Monza (a track day car based on the GR) – commissioned by King Moka
 * 2009 Zonda PS (originally white with golden contrast) – commissioned by Peter Saywell
 * 2009 Zonda GJ (bare carbon)
 * 2010 Zonda Uno (turquoise)
 * 2011 Zonda HH (sky blue) - commissioned by programmer David Heinemeier Hansson
 * 2011 Zonda 750 (bare carbon fibre with pink accents)
 * 2011 Zonda Rak (yellow)
 * 2011 Zonda Absolute (matte black)
 * 2011 Zonda 760RS (carbon fibre black)
 * 2012 Zonda 760LH (Purple) – commissioned by F1 driver Lewis Hamilton
 * 2012 Zonda 764 Passione (Grey/Purple)
 * 2015 Zonda 760 X
 * 2016 Zonda 760 OLIVER Evolution
 * 2017 Zonda Fantasma Evo (red tinted carbon with Italian flag striping in the centre along with bare carbon on the centre)
 * 2018 Zonda Riviera (Snow white with bare carbon in the centre and blue accents).

Pagani Huayra
The Pagani Huayra, a successor to the Pagani Zonda, was initially revealed online in a press release on January 25, 2011. It was officially revealed at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show. The car is named after the Incan god of wind, Huayra-tata. The engine is a 6.0-litre twin-turbo M158 V12 engine from Mercedes-AMG producing 544 kW and 1000 Nm of torque. The Huayra's body is made from carbotanium; a lightweight composition of carbon fibre and titanium. The Huayra has been redesigned from the ground up, but shares many visual qualities with its predecessor. The car can accelerate from 0 to 60 mi/h in 3.2 seconds and has a top speed of 235 mi/h. Only 100 units of the Huayra were produced, each costing £1,000,000 without options.

Official technical data

 * Engine: 6.0 L Mercedes-AMG M158 twin-turbo V12
 * Displacement: 5,980 cc
 * Power: 544 kW at 5800 rpm
 * Torque: 1000 Nm at 2250–4500 rpm
 * Transmission: 7-speed sequential manual with AMT robotic system including driving modes
 * Length: 4605 mm
 * Wheelbase: 2795 mm
 * Height: 1169 mm
 * Width: 2036 mm
 * Dry weight: 1350 kg
 * Weight distribution: 44% front 56% rear
 * Drag Coefficient: .31 to .36 (variable).

Huayra BC
An extreme, track-focused version of the Huayra called the Huayra BC was unveiled at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show. The Huayra BC is named after the late Benny Caiola, a friend of Horacio Pagani, and the first Pagani customer. The Huayra BC has an improved version of the standard Huayra's engine, producing 764 PS and 1000 Nm of torque. The weight is reduced by 132 kg to just 1,218 kg, thanks to the use of an all-new material called 'carbon-triax' in the car which Pagani claims is 50% lighter and 20% stronger than regular carbon fibre, giving the car a power-to-weight ratio of undefined kg per horsepower. The Huayra BC uses a lightweight titanium exhaust system, new aluminum alloy wheels, and a stripped-out interior. The tyres are Pirelli P-Zero Corsa tires that feature 12 different rubber compounds, and the suspension and wishbones are made of aeronautical grade aluminum, known as Avional. The Huayra BC also has a new front bumper with a front splitter and winglets, deeper side skirts, and an air diffuser that stretches the entire width of the rear bumper along with a large rear wing. The car uses an Xtrac 7-speed sequential manual transmission and has an electro-hydraulic actuation system. Pagani has stuck with a single-clutch gearbox because it weighs 40% less than double-clutch gearboxes.

30 units of the Huayra BC were made, despite the claim by Pagani that the model was limited to 20 units. Each unit cost in excess of €2.1M.

Later, Pagani unveiled the Huayra Roadster BC and produced 40 units.

Huayra Roadster
After 2 years of development, the Huayra Roadster was officially unveiled in the 2017 Geneva Motor Show.

The design of the car underwent several changes, with the most noticeable being the rear, with updated eyelid-like fixed flaps that continued with the design and eventually ended on the rear lights. Vents were included on the rear engine cover for efficient cooling of the engine, and the wheels were updated specifically for the car along with Pirelli P-Zero tires, along with the addition of a spoiler at the front. The car has conventional doors instead of the Gull-wing doors used in the coupé as such doors cannot be fitted to an open top car. The car has the same twin-turbo V12 engine as the coupé but with the power upgraded to 764 PS at 6,200 rpm and 1000 Nm of torque at 2,400 rpm. The power is delivered to the rear wheels via a Xtrac 7-speed sequential manual transmission which is 40% lighter than its coupé counterpart. The car was constructed by a material developed by Pagani called 'carbon triax', which is a combination of tri-axis fibre glass with carbon fibre. This allowed the car to weigh 70 kg less than its coupé counterpart, for a total of 1,280 kg, making it the first roadster lighter than the coupé. Only 100 were made, all of which were sold even before production ended.

Pagani said that the car could accelerate at 1.8 G.

Bespoke editions
Continuing its tradition with the Zonda, Pagani produced several bespoke Huayras.
 * Huayra Carbon Edition (bare carbon exterior)
 * Huayra White Edition (Snow white exterior with carbon fibre bits)
 * Huayra La Monza Lisa (bare carbon exterior with tri-colore pinstriping, inspired by the Zonda R) – commissioned by Kris Singh
 * Huayra 730 S "Da Vinci" (tinted blue carbon exterior with gold accents and wheels, inspired by the Zonda tri-colore) – originally commissioned by Alejandro Salomon
 * Huayra BC Kingtasma (tinted red carbon exterior with tri-colore pinstriping and gold crowns beneath the two rear flaps featuring a roof scoop)
 * Huayra Pearl (tinted blue carbon exterior with a split rear wing inspired by the Zonda C12 and a roof scoop inspired by the Zonda Cinque)
 * Huayra Dinastia (three special edition bespoke cars produced for the Chinese market inspired by Chinese traditions)
 * Huayra II Ultimo (final Pagani Huayra coupé featuring the optional pacchetto tempesta aero package along with a bespoke roof scoop and rear wing with a paint job inspired by Formula One driver Lewis Hamilton's F1 car)
 * Huayra Hermes Edition (a 1 of 1 custom Coach-Built Pagani Huayra with interior/exterior detailing by Hermes. The car is owned and was partly customised by Iranian-American entrepreneur; Manny Khoshbin)
 * Huayra Pieagoni TPG (black and white carbon exterior) commissioned by a Dallas based watch dealer and car collector.
 * Huayra Codalunga (a 1 of 5 longtail version of the Huayra)

Pagani Utopia

The successor to the Huayra, named Utopia, was revealed on September 12, 2022. A total of 99 examples of the closed coupé model are planned with possible open and track variants. All 99 coupés are already assigned to the customers. The first car was delivered in October 2023. The Utopia uses the same M158 twin-turbocharged V12 engine as the Huayra, designed and built by Mercedes-AMG, but upgraded to now produce 864 PS at 6000 rpm and 1100 Nm of torque available between 2800 and 5900 rpm. Pagani partnered with Xtrac to develop a 7-speed gearbox that will be mounted transversally and is available as pure manual or an automated manual and coupled with an electro-mechanical differential by a triple plate clutch.

title: Pagani Automobili


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Chinese paper folding

Chinese paper folding, or zhezhi, is the art of paper folding that originated in medieval China.

The work of 20th-century Japanese paper artist Akira Yoshizawa widely popularized the Japanese word origami; however, in China and other Chinese-speaking areas, the art is referred to by the Chinese name, zhezhi. Traditional Chinese paper folding concentrates mainly on objects like boats or hats rather than the animals and flowers of Japanese origami. A recent innovation is from the Golden Venture migrants where large representational objects are made from modular forms.

History
Paper was first invented by Cai Lun during the Eastern Han Dynasty era. In the 6th century, Buddhist monks carried paper to Japan. The earliest document showing paper folding is a picture of a small paper boat in an edition of Tractatus de sphaera mundi from 1490 by Johannes de Sacrobosco. However it is very likely that paper folding originated much earlier than that in China and Japan for ceremonial purposes. In China, traditional funerals include burning folded paper, most often representations of gold nuggets (yuanbao). This practice probably started when papers gradually become popular and cheaper in China, and it seems to have become quite common during the Song Dynasty (905–1125 CE). In Japan origami butterflies were used during the celebration of Shinto weddings to represent the bride and groom, so ceremonial paperfolding had probably already become a significant aspect of Japanese ceremony by the Heian period (794–1185) of Japanese history.

Significant early publications
Maying Soong's 1948 book, The Art of Chinese Paper Folding, helped popularise recreational paper folding in the 20th century, and was possibly the first to distinguish the difference between Chinese versus Japanese paper folding – where the Chinese focus primarily on inanimate objects, such as boats or pagoda, the Japanese include representations of living forms, such as the crane. It contains a number of simple traditional designs, some of which are also found in the traditions of other countries. A number of the models are folded from the blintz base, a form also common in traditional European and Japanese paper folding. The Old Scholar's Hat is among the old Chinese models found in this book. and the main quote of this book.

Three dimensional origami

In 1993, a group of Chinese refugees were detained on the ship Golden Venture and held in an American prison, where they began making elaborate models combining traditional Chinese modular paperfolding (utilizing materials such as magazine covers) with a form of papier-mâché (using toilet tissue); these models were given to those helping the refugees and sold at charity fundraisers. Media coverage of the refugees helped popularize traditional Chinese modular folding worldwide, which became known as "Golden Venture folding".

This type of modular folding is often done with Chinese paper money. Triangles are folded from multiple pieces of 1:2 aspect ratio paper, and connected by inserting a flap of one triangle into a pocket on the next. Popular subjects include pineapples, swans, and ships. This form of modular origami is commonly referred to as "3D origami".

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chinese paper folding


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Yeah

Yeah may refer to:

 * Yeah is a synonym of yes; see yes and no

Albums

 * Yeah!!!, by Aretha Franklin in 1965
 * Yeah! (Brownsville Station album), 1973
 * Yeah! (Charlie Rouse album), 1961
 * Yeah! (Def Leppard album), 2006
 * Yeah (Park Jung-ah album), 2006
 * Yeah (The Wannadies album), 1999
 * Yeah Yeah Yeah (compilation), 1999 compilation of 1960s garage rock
 * Yeah!, KMFDM EP, 2017

Songs

 * "Yeah" (Joe Nichols song), 2014
 * "Yeah" (LCD Soundsystem song), 2004
 * "Yeah!" (Paul Brandt song), 1998
 * "Yeah!" (Usher song), 2004
 * "Yeah 3x", by Chris Brown, 2010
 * "Yeah", by Apink from Snow Pink
 * "Yeah", by DJ Krush from Strictly Turntablized
 * "Yeah!", by Does It Offend You Yeah? from Don't Say We Didn't Warn You
 * "Yeah", by Kelly Clarkson from My December
 * "Yeah", by Kyuss from Blues for the Red Sun
 * "Yeah", by Queen from Made in Heaven
 * "Yeah", by Royce da 5'9" from Independent's Day
 * "Yeah", by Seether from Holding Onto Strings Better Left to Fray
 * "Yeah", by Yolanda Adams from Mountain High... Valley Low
 * "Yeah!", by Zwan from Mary Star of the Sea

title: Yeah


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Orléans (federal electoral district)

Orléans (formerly Ottawa—Orléans, Gloucester—Carleton and Carleton—Gloucester) is a federal electoral district in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988.

The riding was created as "Carleton—Gloucester" in 1987. Its name was changed to "Gloucester—Carleton" in 1996, but then changed back to "Carleton–Gloucester" in 1997. It was changed again in 2000 to "Ottawa—Orléans" and to just "Orléans" in 2013.

Despite having an English-speaking majority, Orléans is among the most francophone of the Ontario federal ridings, and a major centre of the Franco-Ontarian community. According to the 2001 Statistics Canada report, 35% of the riding population speaks French as their mother tongue. In recent years, the riding has experienced a major growth of population and increased housing projects.

In the 2004 federal election, the Liberal candidate Marc Godbout won over the Conservative candidate Walter Robinson by over 4% of the votes. Robinson, a former president of the Canadian Taxpayers Federation, was considered a favourite but failed to win support among Francophones. Ottawa—Orléans was also the riding where the NDP had Canada's youngest woman candidate, Crystal LeBlanc, who received 5905 votes in the 2004 federal election.

Geography
It encompasses the suburban community of Orleans in the east end of Ottawa, Ontario (northern and eastern parts of the former city of Gloucester, Ontario plus the northwestern corner of the former city of Cumberland) as well as the neighbourhood of Blackburn Hamlet and the communities of Notre-Dame-des-Champs and Carlsbad Springs.

The riding consists of the part of the City of Ottawa bounded on the north by the Ottawa River, and on the west, south and east by a line drawn due south from the river to the mouth of Green's Creek, south along that creek, southwest along Regional Road 174 to Blair Road, south to Innes Road, west to a transmission line, south to an abandoned Canadian Pacific Railway track, west to Highway 417, southeast to Ramsayville Road, south to Mitch Owens Road, east to Boundary Road, south to Devine Road, east to Frontier Road, north to Carlsbad Lane and its northern production to Tenth Line Road, north to Wall Road, east to Frank Kenny Road, north to Frank Kenny Road, north to the Ottawa River.

Demographics

 * According to the 2021 Canadian census

Ethnic groups: 65.5% White, 10.5% Black, 5.2% Arab, 5.0% Indigenous, 4.9% South Asian, 2.2% Chinese, 1.4% West Asian, 1.3% Latin American, 1.2% Filipino

Languages: 48.4% English, 28.0% French, 3.6% Arabic, 1.2% Spanish

Religions: 64.3% Christian (43.0% Catholic, 3.4% Anglican, 3.0% United Church, 1.8% Christian Orthodox, 1.5% Pentecostal, 1.0% Baptist, 10.6% Other), 8.4% Muslim, 1.2% Hindu, 24.1% No religion

Median income: $56,000 (2020)

Average income: $64,500 (2020)

History
The federal riding was created as "Carleton—Gloucester" in 1987 from parts of Nepean—Carleton and Ottawa—Carleton ridings. It consisted initially of
 * the City of Gloucester, excluding these parts:
 * bounded on the north by the City of Ottawa, and on the east, south and west by a line drawn from the boundary south along Conroy Road, west along Davidson Road and Lester Road, south along Albion Road, west along the road allowance between lots 10 and 11, Concession 3, south along the Canadian Pacific Railway line, west along Leitrim Road, north along Limebank Road and River Road to the Ottawa city limit;
 * bounded on the west by the Gloucester city limit, and on the north, east and south by a line drawn east from the limit near Blair Road, south along Blair Road, west along Innes Road, and south along a hydroelectric transmission line situated east of Meadowvale Lane to the western city limit;
 * the southeast part of the City of Ottawa lying south of Walkley Road and east of Conroy Road;
 * the townships of Osgoode and Rideau;
 * the northwest part of the Township of Cumberland lying north of Innes Road and west of Regional Road 57 and Trim Road.

In 1996, it was renamed "Gloucester—Carleton", and defined to consist of
 * the City of Gloucester, excluding
 * the part bounded on the north by the City of Ottawa, and on the east, south and west by a line drawn from the border south along Conroy Road, west along Davidson Road and Lester Road, south along the Canadian Pacific Railway, west along Leitrim Road, and north along Limebank Road to the City of Ottawa;
 * the part bounded on the west by the western city limit, and on the north, east and south by a line drawn from the city limit near Mowat Road east to Blair Road, south along Blair Road, west along Innes Road, and south along the transmission line situated east of Meadowvale Lane to the western city limit.
 * the part bounded on the north by the Quebec border, and on the west by the western city limit, and on the north, east and south by a line drawn from the city limit east along Montreal Road and Highway 17, north along Green's Creek and due north to the Quebec boundary.
 * the part of the Township of Cumberland west of Trim Road and north of Innes Road.

The name of the electoral district was changed in 1997 back to "Carleton—Gloucester", and in 2000 to "Ottawa—Orléans".

Following the 2012 redistribution of Canada's ridings, the riding will lose the neighbourhood of Beacon Hill South from Ottawa—Vanier, and will gain the Cardinal Creek area from Glengarry—Prescott—Russell and the rural area surrounding Carlsbad Spring from parts of Glengarry—Prescott—Russell and Nepean—Carleton.

Following the 2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution, the riding will lose Blackburn Hamlet to Ottawa—Vanier.

Ottawa–Orléans
Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.

title: Orléans (federal electoral district)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/John Robin Sharpe

John Robin Sharpe was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was to keep.

Question - is being a criminal, or victim of a crime, notable per se? Seeing articles like this makes me think Wikipedia is becoming a news archive. Now, if the case had say some significance in legal process (the article hints at this but doesn't expand), or affecting attitudes towards child porn etc., it would probably be inclusion-worthy. In that case though, the article shouldn't be about the person, but about the case. What is the consensus on this? Ianb 07:40, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Depending on the crime, being a criminal is probably notable. In this case, there were some interesting and potentially far-reaching legal consequences, though the article doesn't go into them.  Hopefully someone can expand the article.  Keep. Exploding Boy 07:55, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * I believe that R v Sharpe case is one of the most pivetal cases of our times. Indeed it does bring into question social and legal issues about child pornography, ephebophilia and more.  The person surrounding this case -- Sharpe -- is equally of note, as he is a personality who certainly holds strong views and has a very interesting personal life that extends beyond what society sees as a crime.  Sharpe is more than just a criminal.  No, this page should not be deleted!   209.217.75.162 10:09, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * the question still remains: is it the person or the case that is relevant? Ianb 08:33, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * It is the person. 209.217.75.162 10:10, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, it's a combination. I don't really have the knowledge of the subject to go into it here, but he's a writer, and part of his case revolved around fiction he had written, and shared, with other paedophiles.  Literary experts were called in to comment on it, and compared it to... damn, I can't remember, some famous author.  Yeah, I'm going to quit while I'm ahead, but there's more to this that can definitely be added to the article.  And would people please sign their posts using four tildes (~).  Oh, by the way, votes from anonymous users are not valid on VfD.  Exploding Boy 08:40, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Okay. 209.217.75.162 10:10, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * ...by which I was suggesting that, if you want to participate, you should sign up for a user name. IP addresses are considered to be anonymous.  Exploding Boy 10:13, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I'm not a big fan of sneaky celebrations of pedophiliacs, but this is straightforward, NPOV, clean, and explains, I think, notability and uniqueness. Geogre 13:04, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * This is the most pivotal case regarding child pornography in Canadian history. It set precedence in British Columbia, and then eventually throughout Canada, that works involving "imaginary" children or works with "artistic" merit were not considered criminal offenses and has led to massive debate and wrangling among the leading federal political parties in trying to draw the line between freedom of expression and protection of children. It even came up in the last federal election in June with Stephen Harper repeatedly (and proudly) claiming he would use the notwithstanding clause to override the ruling. I agree the article is brief (it is a stub and marked as such) but anybody who says this is not significant in an encyclopedic way is nuts. Keep, keep, keep. (I would prefer keeping this information under this name because the alternative is to break it into his individual court cases, and that seems unnecessary.) -- Matty j 15:21, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * This is dealt with under What Wikipedia is Not. Mr. Sharpe is only notable for being charged with what have you, so information about him belongs under Famous Child Porn Cases or whatever, not his own article.  Bacchiad 18:15, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * No, he's famous for successfully challenging portions of Canada's child pornography laws. If he were just charged with child pornography and convicted, I would agree with you - there's thousands of those cases, we don't need an article for each one. As it is, however, he's been one the top Canadian newsmakers since 1995, not because of the crime itself, but because it's changed Canada's legal and moral landscape in profound and controversial ways. -- Matty j 18:50, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * comment: the original article didn't convince me it was more than just another "bio-dump" which might end up for ever a stub on a non-notable. Should be kept and expanded on. I still think the main emphasis should be on the case rather than the person though - not that I have a good idea for a title. Ianb 18:43, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I've tried to rewrite the article with more emphasis placed on the legal and historic significance of his actions. -- Matty j 18:50, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * addendum: I've just seen the current version of the article; I humbly withdraw this vfd. Thanks for the feedback everyone! Ianb 18:51, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, with reservations. Sounds like an important case to me and it should definitely be somewhere.  It's sort of like Rosa Parks, though -- does it deserve an article of its own (who the hell outside of Canada would look up an article called "John Robin Sharpe"?) or should it be incorporated in something called "Canadian Civil Rights", "Canadian Treat of Sex Crimes", or something similar?  Rosa Parks has an article, but she's also a vital part of the Civil Rights movement.  About Sharpe I dunno....Hayford Peirce 20:42, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * The case got worldwide attention... Exploding Boy 01:33, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Sharpe considers himself a part of Canada's civil rights movement, although the rest of us just consider him a sick, disturbed old man. But even given that, I think the national debate he's prompted is an important one for the country to have. It will be the case that is looked at twenty years from now when people study and come to an understanding about how Canada's child pornography laws have come to be formed, whatever that final outcome may be. And I don't think the local nature of the person's historical impact is any criticism. Who outside of of Mali cares who even the Prime Minister of Mali is? Yet I think that article, as this one, and even the most obscure local one, are worthy of entry. -- Matty j 03:05, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep current article. Rossami 22:05, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Not all criminals (or criminal cases) are notable, but this one appears to be.  I don't think there should be a separate article about the case, however, so if one is created, it should be merged and redirected to this one, or vice versa.  I'm a little confused as to why the "artistic merit" quote is repeated twice in the article—is it an editing mistake, or did the judge say it both times the case reached the Canadian Supreme Court?  Postdlf 01:09, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry, that was my fault. A couple of the sources confuse quotation attribution between the 2001 Supreme Court of Canada ruling and the 2002 Supreme Court of British Columbia ruling. And then I carelessly didn't realize that was the case. It's fixed now. -- Matty j 03:05, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * First off, as a Canadian citizen I am offended by the statement "who the hell outside of Canada would look up an article called John Robin Sharpe" as if to imply that people outside of Canada need to be interested in something for it to worthwhile. There are 30 million people in Canada.  It is a highly educated, internet connected culture.  I would suspect that a large number of accesses to this site come from Canada.  If I said "who outside of the United States would look up an article on George Washington" I would be immediately shot down.  Even if only Canadian read this article, it is still worthwhile to have it in the Wikipedia.  Thanks for letting me talk.  64.26.170.157 19:57, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * What I obviously meant, if you had bothered to think about it, was that "who the hell outside of Canada would know the name John Robin Sharpe in order to look it up?" No more than I would expect a Mexican (or Canadian) to know the name "Rosa Parks" -- if they wanted to learn about the U.S. civil rights movement, they would look that up, not Rosa Parks.  Ditto with John Robin Sharpe, which, you will note, I voted to keep.  Hayford Peirce 20:07, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Definately keep. This fellow is part of one of the most notable criminal and civil rights cases of a decade. Canada, the USA, and Britain all share a similar common law justice system so the case will very likely be cited in jursidictions outside of Canada. Arevich 21:59, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Just because no one outside of USA would look up Rosa Parks doesn't mean she doesn't belong in Wikipedia. Thanks for your yes vote Hayford Peirce.  As for common law -- I think Canada has a system of juriprudence.  The case wouldn't be relevant to the UK or any other commonwealth country.  It would however be important to any country that has a charter of rights, like the USA.  It is really about the reality of civil rights budding up against "common sense" ideas about sexual conduct.  64.26.170.157 07:25, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text:
Prima

Prima may refer to:
 * Prima, a French women's magazine
 * Prima (news agency), a human rights news agency in Moscow
 * Prima (locomotive), a locomotive type by Alstom
 * Place of the Relevant Intermediary Approach, a legal doctrine applied in cross-border security transactions
 * Prima TV, a Romanian television channel
 * TV Prima, a Czech televisions channel
 * Prima BioMed, a public biotechnology company traded on the ASX and Nasdaq
 * Prima Games, a publishing company of video game strategy guides
 * Astro Prima Malaysian pay-TV channel
 * Prima, an instrument of the Balalaika family
 * Prima a female opera vocal released for Vocaloid 2
 * Apco Prima, an Israeli paraglider design
 * Prima (spider), a genus of spiders
 * A musical unison
 * PRImA, the Pattern Recognition & Image Analysis Research Lab of University of Salford, Manchester

People with the name

 * Leon Prima (1907–1985), an American jazz trumpeter, brother of Louis
 * Louis Prima (1910–1978), a jazz musician, brother of Leon

In fiction

 * Prima (Transformers), an Autobot leader in Transformers
 * Prima or Lorelei, a member of the Elite Four in Pokémon
 * PRIMA, a fictional machine in Are You Afraid of the Dark? by Sidney Sheldon
 * Prima Doll, a 2020 Japanese multimedia project

title: Prima


text:
Gienah

Gienah was the traditional name of two stars, each marking a wing (Arabic al janāħ) of its constellation:

 * Gamma Corvi aka Gienah Corvi, in Corvus
 * Epsilon Cygni aka Gienah Cygni, in Cygnus

The International Astronomical Union approved the name Gienah for Gamma Corvi A in 2016 and Aljanah for Epsilon Cygni Aa in 2017.

title: Gienah


text:
Return-to-libc attack

A "return-to-libc" attack is a computer security attack usually starting with a buffer overflow in which a subroutine return address on a call stack is replaced by an address of a subroutine that is already present in the process executable memory, bypassing the no-execute bit feature (if present) and ridding the attacker of the need to inject their own code. The first example of this attack in the wild was contributed by Alexander Peslyak on the Bugtraq mailing list in 1997.

On POSIX-compliant operating systems the C standard library (" ") is commonly used to provide a standard runtime environment for programs written in the C programming language. Although the attacker could make the code return anywhere,  is the most likely target, as it is almost always linked to the program, and it provides useful calls for an attacker (such as the   function used to execute shell commands).

Protection from return-to-libc attacks
A non-executable stack can prevent some buffer overflow exploitation, however it cannot prevent a return-to-libc attack because in the return-to-libc attack only existing executable code is used. On the other hand, these attacks can only call preexisting functions. Stack-smashing protection can prevent or obstruct exploitation as it may detect the corruption of the stack and possibly flush out the compromised segment.

"ASCII armoring" is a technique that can be used to obstruct this kind of attack. With ASCII armoring, all the system libraries (e.g., libc) addresses contain a NULL byte. This is commonly done by placing them in the first  bytes of memory (a few pages more than 16 MB, dubbed the "ASCII armor region"), as every address up to (but not including) this value contains at least one NULL byte. This makes it impossible to emplace code containing those addresses using string manipulation functions such as. However, this technique does not work if the attacker has a way to overflow NULL bytes into the stack. If the program is too large to fit in the first 16 MB, protection may be incomplete. This technique is similar to another attack known as return-to-plt where, instead of returning to libc, the attacker uses the Procedure Linkage Table (PLT) functions loaded in the position-independent code (e.g., ).

Address space layout randomization (ASLR) makes this type of attack extremely unlikely to succeed on 64-bit machines as the memory locations of functions are random. For 32-bit systems, however, ASLR provides little benefit since there are only 16 bits available for randomization, and they can be defeated by brute force in a matter of minutes.

title: Return-to-libc attack


text:
Bezirk

The German term Bezirk (plural Bezirke, derived from circulus, "circle") translated as "district" can refer to the following types of administrative divisions:

 * Stadtbezirk, a subdivision of a city in the sense of a borough (e.g. in Berlin, Hamburg or Vienna), often again subdivided into several quarters and neighbourhoods. According to German Gemeindeordnung codes, the city council resolves upon the implementation by municipal by-law (Satzung). In some cities the Bezirke have limited powers delegated to them by the city's local government, including an assembly resulting from local elections and an own 'mayor' (Bürgermeister). In the German states of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate any municipality is authorized to implement Ortsbezirke with own advisory councils and local administrators. The state law in North Rhine-Westphalia commits the municipal administration of an independent city to subdivide the urban area into Stadtbezirke.
 * In Austria, the word Bezirk is used with different meanings in three different contexts:
 * Some of the tasks of the administrative branch of the national and regional governments are fulfilled by the 95 district captaincies (Bezirkshauptmannschaften, also translated as district administrative office). The area a district administrative office is responsible for is often, although informally, called a district (Bezirk). A number of statutory cities, currently 15, are not served by any district administrative office. Their respective municipal bureaucracies handle the tasks normally performed by the district administrative office.
 * The cities of Vienna and Graz are divided into municipal districts (Stadtbezirke), assisting the respective municipal governments.
 * From the point of view of the judiciary of Austria, the country is subdivided into 115 judicial districts (Gerichtsbezirke), each corresponding to one of the country's 115 lowest-level trial courts.
 * The Italian autonomous provinces of Trentino and South Tyrol, are divided into Bezirksgemeinschaften (comunità comprensoriali).
 * The districts of Switzerland are called Bezirke in several cantons. In Switzerland as a federal state, every canton is free to implement its own administrative structure. The intermediate administrative level above the Swiss municipalities is also referred to as Verwaltungsregion or Verwaltungskreis, Wahlkreis, Amtei or Amt, as well as districts in Suisse romande and distretto in Svizzera italiana. In Schwyz, the six historic Bezirke are self-governing bodies, some with regional Landsgemeinde assemblies, similar to the municipal Kreise of Graubünden. The six Bezirke of Appenzell Innerrhoden are identically equal to municipalities.
 * Historically the primary administrative divisions of East Germany from 1952 were called Bezirke. They were implemented by an administrative reform to supersede the East German federated states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. The capital East Berlin was officially equated by resolution of the State Council of East Germany in 1961. Though legislative assemblies (Bezirkstage) and executive councils (Räte) existed, the Bezirke according to the top-down principle of democratic centralism enjoyed no autonomy nor any self-governing rights. They were abolished by law which the East German People's Chamber passed in 1990 on the eve of the German reunification.
 * During the Second World War, a special administrative division of Nazi Germany was officially classified as "Bezirk": Bezirk Bialystok.

title: Bezirk


text:
User:Stan Shebs/Gallery

Gallery of the images I've created. With the exception of some scans of recent material under fair use, these galleries are clones of their counterparts at commons:User:Stan Shebs.

Copyrighted claiming fair use (en: only)
Gallery/Philately fair use

Gallery/Miscellaneous fair use

title: User:Stan Shebs/Gallery


text:
Hornchurch Stadium

The Hornchurch Stadium is an athletics and football stadium located on Bridge Avenue in Upminster in the London Borough of Havering, East London, England. It is home to the Hornchurch F.C. and Havering Mayesbrook Athletics Club.

History
The stadium was opened in 1956 by Hornchurch Urban District Council. It was the home ground of the original Hornchurch F.C. until they were dissolved in 2005.

Facilities
The stadium has a capacity of 3,000, of which 800 is seated and 1,400 is covered. One stand, the 'Riverside', took its name from the River Ingrebourne, a few feet away.

In November 2016, the main stand on the Riverside section of the ground was renamed "The Colin McBride Stand", after former AFC Hornchurch chairman and manager Colin McBride by the AFC Hornchurch Supporters Association

title: Hornchurch Stadium


text:
Category:Autoimmune diseases

Not to be confused with autoinflammatory syndromes.

title: Category:Autoimmune diseases


text:
List of prime ministers of Chad

This is a list of prime ministers of Chad since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Chad in 1978 to the present day.

A total of nineteen people have served as Prime Minister of Chad (not counting one Acting Prime Minister). Additionally, two persons, Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye and Albert Pahimi Padacké, have served on two non-consecutive occasions.

The current Prime Minister of Chad is Allamaye Halina, since 23 May 2024.

List of officeholders
{{legend|Crimson|National Liberation Front of Chad (FROLINAT)–Armed Forces of the North (FAN)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|MediumBlue|Rally for Unity and Democracy in Chad (RUDT)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|CornflowerBlue|Union for Democracy and Republic (UDR)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||National Union for Democracy and Renewal (UNDR)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism (ACTUS)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|Yellow|National Rally for Development and Progress (VIVA–RNDP)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|Gold|National Rally for Democracy in Chad (RNDT–Le Réveil)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#0042D6|Les Transformateurs|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
 * Political parties

{{legend||Independent|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
 * Other factions

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Acting prime minister|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
 * Status

Died in office
 * Symbols

title: List of prime ministers of Chad


text:
Government Actuary's Department

The Government Actuary's Department (GAD) provides actuarial solutions including risk analysis, modelling and advice to support the UK public sector. It is a department of the Government of the United Kingdom.

History
In 1912 the Government appointed a chief actuary to the National Health Insurance Joint Committee, following the Old Age Pensions Act 1908 and the National Insurance Act 1911. As the role of the Chief Actuary expanded, the post of Government Actuary was created in 1917. The Government Actuary's Department was formed 2 years later.

The role of GAD within government expanded significantly in the 1940s and 1950s, coinciding with an expansion of the state's role in pensions, social security and health care.

By the 1980s GAD had grown into a significant actuarial consultancy within government and in 1989 the financing of GAD through an annual Parliamentary vote of funds was replaced by a system of directly charging users of GAD's services. The calculation of GAD's fees is based solely on the recovery of its costs.

GAD has about 200 people across 2 offices (London and Edinburgh), of whom around 165 are actuaries and analysts.

List of government actuaries
The government actuary is the individual actuary that is responsible for the overall running and leadership of GAD. The holders of this role have been:

 * Alfred Watson, 14 May 1917 – 7 May 1936
 * George Epps, 19 May 1936 – 30 November 1944
 * Percy Harvey, 1 December 1944 – 30 August 1946
 * George Maddex, 31 August 1946 – 31 March 1958
 * Herbert Tetley, 1 April 1958 – 30 April 1973
 * Edward Johnston, 1 May 1973 – 14 April 1989
 * Christopher Daykin, 15 April 1989 – October 2007
 * Trevor Llanwarne, May 2008 – August 2014
 * Martin Clarke, August 2014 – 31 October 2023
 * Fiona Dunsire, 1 November 2023 – present

title: Government Actuary's Department


text:
Hundredth

In arithmetic, a hundredth is a single part of something that has been divided equally into a hundred parts. For example, a hundredth of 675 is 6.75. In this manner it is used with the prefix "centi-" such as in centimeter. A hundredth is also one percent.

A hundredth is the reciprocal of 100.

A hundredth is written as a decimal fraction as 0.01, and as a vulgar fraction as 1/100.

“Hundredth” is also the ordinal number that follows “ninety-ninth” and precedes “hundred and first.” It is written as 100th.

title: Hundredth


text:
Talk:Ernst Gräfenberg

Untitled
Did the best I could with the expansion of original text and translation of the German-language article that was there.

One thing I wasn't completely sure of was whether "Berlin University" referred to the Humboldt University; perhaps someone else can fill that in. BCwine 08:09, 2004 Jul 21 (UTC)

Until 1948 there was only one 'full' university in Berlin, namely the one founded in 1810 and now named after its main founder, Wilhelm von Humboldt. (There was also a university of technology - Technische Hochschule - in Charlottenburg, but it didn't have a Medical school). Norvo, 03:28 UTC, 23 Jul 2006.

Marriage
http://www.aerzteblatt.de/v4/archiv/artikel.asp?src=heft&id=49112 says "Ernst Gräfenberg war für kurze Zeit mit der Schriftstellerin Rosie Waldeck verheiratet." I am wondering whether "Rosie Waldeck" is R.G. Waldeck, author of Athene Palace, a memoir of Bucharest in the months leading up to Romania's entry into World War II.

If anyone has any insight into this, could you please write it here, but also ping my user talk page so that I know to come look? Thanks. - Jmabel | Talk 19:27, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I've now pretty much confirmed this myself. According to this library catalog listing, R.G. Waldeck was Rosie Goldschmidt Waldeck, 1898-1982. Probably something about her belongs in the article, and assuredly she deserves an article of her own. - Jmabel | Talk 00:58, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

 * And here, online, is Time magazine's review of Athene Palace when it came out. - Jmabel | Talk 01:01, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Ernst Gräfenberg


text:
Sacred Heart Cathedral, Sarajevo

The Sacred Heart Cathedral (Serbo-Croatian: Katedrala Srca Isusova/Катедрала Срца Исусова) is a Catholic church in Sarajevo; commonly referred as the Sarajevo Cathedral (Sarajevska katedrala/Сарајевска катедрала), it is the largest cathedral in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Vrhbosna, currently Tomo Vukšić, and center of Catholic worship in the city. The cathedral is located in the city's Old Town district.

History
Sacred Heart Cathedral was built in honor of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, an important Catholic concept. The building is in the Neo-Gothic style, with Romanesque Revival elements. The building was awarded to the Viennese contractor Baron Karl Schwarz with supervising architect Josip Vancaš. He modeled it after the Notre-Dame in Dijon (France). Work began on 25 August 1884, and was completed on 9 November 1887. The Bishop of Dubrovnik was present for the consecration on 14 September 1889.

The building was damaged during the Siege of Sarajevo, but not completely destroyed, and the damage has since been repaired. The building is often considered as a symbol of the city: The design above the door to the cathedral is part of the flag and seal of Sarajevo Canton and the Romanesque towers are featured on the flag and coat of arms of Sarajevo.

Exterior
The cathedral is 41.9 meters long and 21.3 meter wide. It was constructed in Neo-Gothic style; The two bell towers are 43.2 m high. Above the portal is an octagonal rosette and a statue of the Sacred Heart.

Interior

 * The main altar was designed by Josip Vancaš and made from Grisignano marble. It rests on four small columns of red Tyrolean marble. The seven niches behind the altar depict in the central position: Sacred Heart of Jesus; on the left side: St. Joseph and St. Francis of Assisi; on the right side: St. Michael and the prophet Elijah; on the extremities: statue of an angel.
 * Side altars: in the western aisle is an altar dedicated to the Immaculate Conception (a donation of Emperor Franz Joseph I). In the eastern aisle, an altar dedicated to the apostles of the Slavs, St. Cyril and St. Methodius (a donation of the people of Bohemia).
 * Pulpit: the pulpit is mounted on a richly decorated pedestal. The enclosure shows in the central part Jesus as teacher, flanked on each side by two Evangelists.
 * Frescoes: in 1886 the frescoes were commissioned to Alexander Maximilian Seitz (1811–1888). Due to his deteriorating health he could only finish the designs in 1887. The execution was undertaken by his assistant Alberto Rohden.
 * on the wall of the western bell tower : the Coronation of Mary. The lower part of the fresco shows a father, mother and child in national dress, surrounded by St. Francis of Assisi and St. Dominic.
 * on the wall of the eastern bell tower: the Resurrection of Jesus.
 * in the vault: a depiction of the Sermon on the Mount and a depiction of Moses receiving the Ten Commandments, both by Ante Martinović (replica on canvas of the fresco by A.M. Seitz).
 * in the indentations above the vaults: oil paintings in chiaroscuro of the Doctors of the Church, done on canvas in Rome by Lodovico Seitz (1844-1908), son of Alexander Seitz.
 * Organ: manufactured by the Heferer Company of Zagreb. It has mechanical tractions, two manuals, pedal and 22 sound registers.
 * Grave of archbishop Stadler, the first archbishop of Vrhbosna by the sculptor Marin Studin.
 * The five stained-glass windows in the apse were designed by Josip Vancaš and executed by the Tiroler Glasmalerei of Innsbruck.
 * The stained-glass windows in the side aisles were executed by the Vienna workshop of the Tiroler Glasmalerei.

Burials

 * Ivan Šarić
 * Josip Stadler
 * Marko Jozinović

title: Sacred Heart Cathedral, Sarajevo


text:
Category:Counties of England

As of April 2009, England is divided into 48 ceremonial counties and 83 metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties.

title: Category:Counties of England


text:
Hornchurch Country Park

Hornchurch Country Park is a 104.5-hectare park on the former site of Hornchurch Airfield, south of Hornchurch in the London Borough of Havering, east London.

Site

The River Ingrebourne passes through the park and if forms part of Thames Chase Community Forest. The most popular part of the park is to the west of the Ingrebourne, where the ground is flat and paved and frequently visited by dog walkers. The woodland to the east of the river is somewhat inaccessible. Some southern parts of the park that reach into Rainham have been historically used as landfill.

There is a fishing lake located within the park alongside many paths that connect neighbouring areas, such as Upminster, Dagenham and Rainham.

There are a number of Pillboxes and other historic installations dating from the Second World War to be found in the park.

The park is a Site of Borough Importance for Nature Conservation, Grade I. Almost all of it falls within the Ingrebourne Valley Local Nature Reserve, with the eastern edge forming part of the Ingrebourne Marshes Site of Special Scientific Interest.

There is access from Airfield Way/Squadron's Approach, off South End Road.

COVID-19 Memorial Woodland
At a ceremony on 23 March 2022, the Mayor of Havering joined representatives of the Council, Borough, voluntary sector and families of the deceased to officially open the COVID-19 Memorial Woodland in the south of Hornchurch Country Park. The opening ceremony coincided with the National Day of Remembrance, marking the second anniversary of the first UK Lockdown.

The Memorial Woodland consists of over 4000 trees planted by volunteers, alongside sponsored memorial benches, wildflowers and a wetland area, aims to remember all those who lost their lives, the significant efforts and sacrifices of key workers and all that our communities endured throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The location of the memorial is significant as it is centrally located within the borough and acknowledges the role that our parks played in supporting the mental and physical health of our residents during lockdowns.

Alongside honouring those who lost their lives during the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Memorial Woodland also contributes to fighting climate change and aiding local biodiversity. For example, a swale (a shallow dry channel) was included to combat flooding in the area, a variety of trees have been planted (including berrying and flowering species) to aid birds and insects, and grass rides were incorporated to create an excess of woodland edge, the ideal habitat for butterflies.

title: Hornchurch Country Park


text:
User:Roberdan

Hi, you can find information about me on http://blogs.msdn.com/roberdan http://roberdan.blogger.com

Thx!

title: User:Roberdan