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Cassadaga, Florida

Cassadaga (a Seneca Indian word meaning "Water beneath the rocks") is a small unincorporated community located in Volusia County, Florida, United States, just north of Deltona. It is especially known for having many psychics and mediums, and has consequently been named the "Psychic Capital of the World".

History of Cassadaga
The Cassadaga Spiritualist Camp began circa 1875, when the Southern Cassadaga Spiritualist Camp Meeting Association was founded by George P. Colby, from Pike, New York, a trance medium who traveled to many different states, giving readings and seances. He was well known and in his travels was referred to as the "seer of spiritualism." Colby attended summer Spiritualist Camp meetings at Lily Dale, New York, the town adjacent to Cassadaga, New York that would lend its name to the Florida community.

Colby worked with several spirit guides who would give him knowledge. One of his spirit guides was a Native American named Seneca, who had manifested to Colby during a seance in Lake Mills, Iowa. According to Colby, Seneca had instructed him to travel south to Florida, where he eventually arrived at a place called the Blue Springs Landing, near Orange City, Florida. According to Colby, the area that Seneca had led him to was the same area that Colby had seen during the seance in Iowa.

Colby had arrived in Florida in 1875, and on December 18, 1894, the charter was granted to form The Southern Cassadaga Spiritualist Camp Meeting Association. Later, on January 3, 1895, Colby had signed a warranty deed to the association for thirty-five acres. The people who came to the Spiritualist Camp in the early days of its formation were affluent and well educated. The association later received additional acreage that expanded the camp to the current fifty-seven acres.

The Cassadaga Camp today
Today, the Camp features the Cassadaga Hotel, a central auditorium, The Colby Memorial Temple, a community library, the Caesar Forman Healing Center, a Camp bookstore, a welcome center, and the Andrew Jackson Davis Educational building, used for musical performances and gatherings. Nearby is Colby-Alderman Park.

The principles of spirituality that are taught by the people at Cassadaga state, "Spiritualism has no dogma or creed, just a simple set of nine principles to help guide our lives". According to the teachings of spiritualism, it is the "science, philosophy, and religion based upon the principle of continuous life". On March 14, 1991, the Southern Cassadaga Spiritualist Camp was declared a U.S. Historic District. The Cassadaga Spiritualist Camp is a federal tax-exempt church currently governed by a board of trustees.

Popular culture

 * Bright Eyes has an album called Cassadaga, which features the town in the lyrics of the single "Four Winds".
 * Tom Petty's song "Casa Dega" alludes to psychics
 * Gemma Hayes has a song titled "Lucky One (Bird of Cassadaga)" on her debut album Night on My Side
 * A lengthy chapter in Stanley Elkin's novel George Mills takes place in Cassadaga.
 * Served as the inspiration for the town called Grange in the Carl Hiaasen novel Lucky You.
 * Investigated in the 2008 BBC documentary Around the World in 80 Faiths (Episode 5, Faith #43)
 * The town is briefly mentioned in the 2009 movie Cirque du Freak: The Vampire's Assistant.
 * Featured in the August 2010 episode of The Glades on the A&E Network
 * Parts of the town were featured in the film Dunsmore released in 2003 and directed by Peter Spirer.
 * The film Cassadaga is set in and took its inspiration from the town's history.
 * Cherie Priest's novel Brimstone is largely set in Cassadaga in the 1920s.
 * Freakylinks episode "The Harbingers'", aired January 5, 2001, was set in Cassadaga, after being alluded to in a book titled The Harbingers under the alias "Valley Vista".
 * The Amy Hempel story “Cloudland” takes place, in part, in Cassadaga.
 * The town is mentioned in the Heather Graham novel Unhallowed Ground chapter 10, ISBN 978-1-61523-612-1
 * Extensively investigated by Jamie Loftus in the podcast Ghost Church.

title: Cassadaga, Florida


text:
Koji Suzuki

Koji Suzuki (鈴木 光司) is a Japanese writer, who was born in Hamamatsu and lives in Tokyo. Suzuki is the author of the Ring novels, which have been adapted into other formats, including films, manga, TV series and video games. He has written several books on the subject of fatherhood. His hobbies include traveling and motorcycling.

Ring series

 * Ring trilogy and extended series
 * Ring (Ringu) (1991)
 * Spiral (Rasen) (1995)
 * Loop (Rupu) (1998)
 * Birthday (1999) (Short story collection)
 * "Coffin in the Sky" [details what happened to Mai Takano in Spiral]
 * "Lemon Heart" [prequel to Ring]
 * "Happy Birthday" [a direct epilogue to Loop]
 * S (2012)
 * Tide (2013)
 * Manga series
 * Sadako-san and Sadako-chan (2019)
 * Sadako at the End of the World (2020)

Standalone novels

 * Paradise (Rakuen) (1990)
 * The Shining Sea (Hikari sasu umi) (1993)
 * republished – The Shining Sea (2022 Vertical Publishing) – ISBN 978-1647291181
 * Promenade of the Gods (Kamigami no Promenade) (2003)
 * Edge (2008)

Short story collections

 * Death and the Flower (1995)
 * "Disposable Diapers and a Race Replica"
 * "Irregular Breathing"
 * "Key West"
 * "Beyond the Darkness"
 * "Embrace"
 * "Avidya"
 * Dark Water (Honogurai mizu no soko kara) (1996) (includes an original framing story)
 * "Floating Water"
 * "Solitary Isle"
 * "The Hold"
 * "Dream Cruise"
 * "Adrift"
 * "Watercolors"
 * "Forest Under the Sea"

Short story

 * "Drop" (2009) – Printed on three rolls of toilet paper in Japan in Japanese and in English in 2012.

Films adapted from his works

 * Ring (Ringu, a.k.a. Ringu: Kanzenban) (1995)
 * Ring (Ringu) (1998)
 * Rasen (Spiral) (1998)
 * The Ring Virus (1999)
 * Ring 2 (Ringu 2) (1999)
 * Ring 0: Birthday (2000)
 * Dark Water (2002)
 * The Ring (2002)
 * Dark Water (2005)
 * Rings (short film) (2005)
 * The Ring Two (2005)
 * Open Water 2: Adrift (2006)
 * Masters of Horror (TV, episode 2.13 Dream Cruise) (2007)
 * Sadako 3D (2012)
 * Sadako 3D 2 (2013)
 * Sadako vs. Kayako (2016)
 * Rings (2017)
 * Sadako aka Sadako KOL (2019)
 * Sadako DX (2022) DX is an acronym of sorts for digital transformation

Japanese awards

 * 1990 Japan Fantasy Novel Award: Paradise
 * 1996 Yoshikawa Eiji Prize for New Writers: Spiral
 * 1996 Nominee for Naoki Prize: Dark Water
 * 1996 Nominee for Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature: Dark Water
 * 1998 Nominee for Japanese SF Award: Loop

U.S. award

 * 2012 Shirley Jackson Award for Best Novel: Edge

International award

 * 2021 Bram Stoker Award for Lifetime Achievement

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Koji Suzuki


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Combat Readiness Medal

The Combat Readiness Medal is an award of the United States Air Force and United States Space Force created in 1964. The original Combat Readiness Medal was an award senior to the Air Force Commendation Medal, and it was awarded for superior and meritorious duty to the United States Air Force. The award criteria for the medal were revised in 1967 and the Combat Readiness Medal adopted the designation as a service medal.

The Combat Readiness Medal is awarded to any member of U.S. Air Force or U.S. Space Force, who have accomplished sustained individual combat mission readiness in an Air Force or Space Force weapon system or who have undertaken the preparedness for direct weapon-system employment. A service member must have completed 24 cumulative months of sustained duty performance for the medal to be received.

The Combat Readiness Medal is given as a service award by an Air Force Major Command or Space Force Field Command. In many cases, those receiving the award have also qualified for the Air Medal, the Aerial Achievement Medal or the Nuclear Deterrence Operations Service Medal. For aeronautically rated Air Force officers and enlisted aircrew personnel, it is not unusual to receive one or both of the flight crew medals simultaneously with the Combat Readiness Medal.

The medal was designed by the Institute of Heraldry. On the obverse, it has an inverted triangle on top of a delta-swept winglike object, both representing supersonic aircraft. This design is enclosed by a stylized compass rose, with triangles at the points, indicating the worldwide nature of the mission of the Air Force. The reverse of the medal has the inscription, "For Combat Readiness--Air Force" in a circle, near the outer edge of the medal. The ribbon has a wide center stripe of red, flanked on either side by a narrow stripe of light blue, thin stripe of dark blue, narrow stripe of light blue with a stripe of red at the edge.

Multiple presentations of the Combat Readiness Medal are authorized, with additional awards denoted by oak leaf clusters. The Combat crew badge, a qualification accoutrement worn by crew members collecting time towards the medal, is no longer awarded.

If an Air Force or Space Force member has the Combat Readiness Medal and does the Blue to Green program (Air Force/Space Force to Army transition) they are still authorized to wear the medal, but unlike in the Air Force and Space Force, it will be worn as the last medal/ribbon, but before any foreign awards.

title: Combat Readiness Medal


text:
User talk:Stewjack

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

I saw your work on The Parable of the Water Tank. That kind of material really belongs in Wikisource, our sister project. Thanks very much, though. Best, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 20:15, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stewjack


text:
Cassadaga

Cassadaga is a Seneca Native American word meaning Water beneath the rocks. It may refer to:

 * Cassadaga, Florida
 * Cassadaga, New York
 * Cassadaga Lakes, north of the village
 * Cassadaga (album), by Bright Eyes
 * Cassadaga (film), a 2011 film

title: Cassadaga


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San Bernardino Line

The San Bernardino Line is a Metrolink line running between Downtown Los Angeles east through the San Gabriel Valley and the Inland Empire to San Bernardino, with limited express service to Redlands. It is one of the three initial lines on the original Metrolink system, along with the Santa Clarita Line (now the Antelope Valley Line) and the Ventura County Line.

, 18 round trips run between Los Angeles and San Bernardino on weekdays with one trip continuing on to Redlands. It was the first of the seven Metrolink lines to run on both Saturday and Sunday, with 8 trains to San Bernardino on Saturdays and Sundays. Two Saturday and two Sunday trains would continue to Riverside–Downtown station until July 5, 2014, when weekend service on the 91 Line (now the 91/Perris Valley Line) began.

Route
The line is owned by Metrolink. After leaving Union Station and crossing the Los Angeles River, the line follows the San Bernardino Freeway and El Monte Busway until just after the Cal State L.A. station; it then runs in the median of the San Bernardino Freeway to the El Monte Station along the former route of the Pacific Electric Railway's San Bernardino Line. Starting at El Monte, the line parallels the Union Pacific's Sunset Route (ex-Southern Pacific) for a few miles before turning northeast at Bassett onto a Southern Pacific branch. At the former Southern Pacific/Pacific Electric-Santa Fe crossing, it switches to the Santa Fe route; from Claremont to just west of San Bernardino it follows what was the Santa Fe's Pasadena Subdivision (and before that the Second District of the LA Division, the Santa Fe passenger main line). From San Bernardino Depot, the line follows the Santa Fe's Redlands branch line towards Downtown Redlands. The San Bernardino Line is mostly single track with seven passing sidings and short sections of double track near Covina, between Pomona and Montclair, west of Fontana, and throughout San Bernardino.

History
Los Angeles County Transportation Commission acquired the Southern Pacific Railroad Burbank Branch in 1992. When the line opened on October 26, 1992, service extended only as far as Pomona. It was incrementally extended to Claremont that December, Montclair the following February, then finally to San Bernardino in May 1993. Saturday service was added in 1997 and Sunday service in 1998 making it the first Metrolink line to offer weekend service.

San Bernardino Associated Governments (SANBAG) completed an environmental impact report (EIR) in 2015 to extend Metrolink service southeast from the current eastern terminus in San Bernardino to Redlands. The extension follows the 9 mi Redlands Subdivision and comprises two projects.

The Downtown San Bernardino Passenger Rail Project extended Metrolink southeast one mile via double trackage to a new terminus at the San Bernardino Transit Center. The project's groundbreaking was in February 2014; at that time, the extension was expected to be completed by mid-2016. , the completion date had been extended to 2017. Construction work on the extension continued through March and April 2017. Test trains began running on the tracks in April 2017. This phase of the project opened to the public on December 16, 2017.

Arrow is a rail extension to Redlands. By December 2015, SANBAG decided that this second phase of the project, from the San Bernardino Transit Center to Redlands, would no longer be a Metrolink extension, but rather an independent system. SANBAG planned to use diesel multiple units (DMUs) and have Omnitrans operate the system. However, San Bernardino Line express limited-stop trains would run on part of the extension, to a new station near the Downtown Redlands station. Construction was planned to begin in 2017, however groundbreaking took place in July 2019 with a 2022 opening. The selected route runs between the Downtown San Bernardino station and the University of Redlands with stops at Tippecanoe Avenue, Esri, and Downtown Redlands, adjacent to the Redlands Santa Fe Depot. Omnitrans was removed as the system's operator in 2019 amid mounting deficits, and Metrolink took over construction and procurement. Arrow opened on October 24, 2022. Arrow's DMU sets have been studied for wider deployment on the rest of the San Bernardino Line. The rolling stock is the new EMD F125, and others were MPI MPXpress, EMD F59PH, and some cab cars.

Future development
The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro) has plans to add the current LA General Medical Center station on the El Monte Busway as an infill station to the line. This would involve building a second track and center platform. The cost of this project is estimated between $51 million and $110 million. Currently, westbound Metrolink passengers must exit at the Cal State LA station and take any of the westbound buses one stop to the Medical Center.

Stations
The San Bernardino Line has 17 stations. Express trains only serve seven of the busiest stations on the line. They are, from west to east:

title: San Bernardino Line


text: Category:Mazda

title: Category:Mazda


text: Template:Mazda road car timeline 1990–2019


text: Category:Isanti County, Minnesota

title: Category:Isanti County, Minnesota


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Boeing EA-18G Growler

The Boeing EA-18G Growler is an American carrier-based electronic warfare aircraft, a specialized version of the two-seat Boeing F/A-18F Super Hornet. The EA-18G replaced the Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowlers in service with the United States Navy. The Growler's electronic warfare capability is primarily provided by Northrop Grumman. The EA-18G began production in 2007 and entered operational service with the US Navy in late 2009. Australia has also purchased thirteen EA-18Gs, which entered service with the Royal Australian Air Force in 2017.

Requirement and testing

On 15 November 2001, Boeing successfully completed an initial flight demonstration of F/A-18F "F-1" fitted with the ALQ-99 electronic warfare system to serve as the EA-18 Airborne Electronic Attack (AEA) concept aircraft. In December 2003, the US Navy awarded a development contract for the EA-18G to Boeing. As primary contractor, Boeing was to construct the forward fuselage and wings, and perform the final assembly. Northrop Grumman was the principal airframe subcontractor and they would supply the center and aft fuselage as well as the principal electronic combat system. In 2003, the Navy expected to receive 90 EA-18Gs.

The first EA-18G test aircraft entered production on 22 October 2004. The first test aircraft, known as EA-1, was rolled out on 3 August 2006, before making its maiden flight at St. Louis on 15 August 2006; it was later ferried to Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland on 22 September 2006. EA-1 primarily supports ground testing in the Air Combat Environment Test and Evaluation Facility (ACETEF) anechoic chamber.

The second aircraft (EA-2) first flew on 10 November 2006, and was delivered to NAS Patuxent River on 29 November 2006. EA-2 is an AEA flight test aircraft, initially flying on Pax River's Atlantic Test Range (ATR) for developmental test of the AEA system before transitioning to the Electronic Combat Range (ECR, or 'Echo Range') in Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake in California. Both aircraft are assigned to VX-23 "Salty Dogs". EA-1 and EA-2 are F/A-18Fs F-134 and F-135, pulled from the St. Louis production line and modified by Boeing to the EA-18G configuration. However, since they were not built initially as Growlers, the Navy has designated these two test aircraft as NEA-18Gs. There were five Growlers flying in the flight test program as of June 2008.

Procurement
In an April 2006 report, the U.S. Government Accountability Office expressed concerns. The GAO felt the electronic warfare systems on the EA-18G were not fully mature so there is a risk of "future cost growth and schedule delays". The report recommended that the DoD consider purchasing additional ICAP III upgrades for EA-6Bs to fill any current and near-term capability gaps and restructure the initial EA-18G production plans so that procurement takes place after the aircraft has "demonstrated full functionality". In a 2008 GAO report, the director of the DoD's Operational Test and Evaluation department questioned the workload on the two-person Growler crew to replace the Prowler's crew of four.

The U.S. Navy has ordered a total of 57 aircraft to replace its in-service EA-6B Prowlers, most of which are based at NAS Whidbey Island. The US DoD gave approval for the EA-18G program to begin low rate initial production in 2007. The EA-18G was scheduled to finish flight testing in 2008. The Navy planned to buy approximately 85 aircraft in 2008. Approval for full-rate production was expected in the third quarter of 2009, and was given on 23 November 2009. Boeing planned to ramp up production to 20 aircraft per year. On 9 July 2009, General James Cartwright told the United States Senate Committee on Armed Services that the choice had been to continue the F/A-18 production line because the warfighting commanders needed more aerial electronic warfare capability that only the EA-18G could provide.

The Navy's submission for the 2011 defense budget put forth by the Obama administration calls for four EA-18G Growler squadrons to be added to the fleet. On 14 May 2010, Boeing and the US Department of Defense reached an agreement for a multi-year contract for an additional 66 F/A-18E/Fs and 58 EA-18Gs over the next four years. This will raise the total to 114 EA-18Gs on order.

The Pentagon's Director of Operational Test and Evaluation determined that the EA-18G was "still not operationally suitable" in February 2011. Prime contractor Boeing is working to address issues with software updates. In December 2011, Operational Test and Evaluation concluded that the EA-18G software was "operationally effective and suitable".

On 19 December 2014, the Navy publicly reported that it wants to modify the production contract with Boeing to slow production of the Growler from three airplanes per month to two. It will also purchase an additional 15 Growlers, funded by a spending bill that will go to President Obama for signature in late December 2014. Boeing would then be able to continue running the St. Louis production line through 2017. Boeing has said it cannot sustain the production line at fewer than two airplanes per month.

Design

The Growler's flight performance is similar to that of the F/A-18E/F. This attribute enables the Growler to perform escort jamming as well as the traditional standoff jamming mission (Radar jamming and deception). Growlers are able to accompany F/A-18s during all phases of an attack mission. In order to give the Growler more stable flight for the electronic warfare mission, Boeing changed the leading edge fairings and wing fold hinge fairings, and added wing fences and aileron "tripper strips".

The Growler has more than 90% in common with the standard Super Hornet, sharing airframe, Raytheon AN/APG-79 AESA radar and weapon systems such as the AN/AYK-22 stores management system. Most of the dedicated airborne electronic attack equipment is mounted on a plate in the space that used to house the internal 20 mm cannon and on the wingtips. Nine weapons stations remain free to provide for additional weapons or jamming pods. The added electronics include AN/ALQ-218 wideband receivers on the wingtips and ALQ-99 high and low-band tactical jamming pods. The ALQ-218 combined with the ALQ-99 form a full spectrum electronic warfare suite that is able to provide detection and jamming against all known surface-to-air threats. However, the current pods may be inadequate against emerging threats.

The EA-18G can be fitted with up to five ALQ-99 jamming pods and will typically add two AIM-120 AMRAAM or AGM-88 HARM missiles. The EA-18G will also use the INCANS Interference Cancellation system that will allow voice communication while jamming enemy communications, a capability not available on the EA-6B. In addition to the radar warning and jamming equipment, the Growler possesses a communications receiver and jamming system that will provide suppression and electronic attack against airborne communication threats.

The poor reliability of the ALQ-99 jammer pod and frequent failures of the Built-In Test (BIT) have caused the crew to fly missions with undetected faults. The ALQ-99 has also interfered with the aircraft's AESA radar and has imposed a high workload on the two-man crew, along with reducing the Growler's top speed.

Boeing is looking into other potential upgrades; the ALQ-99 radar jamming pod may be replaced in the future, and the company is looking into adding weapons and replacing the satellite communications receiver. The Growler is the initial platform for the Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) which uses Active electronically scanned array (AESA) technology to focus jamming power exactly where needed. The NGJ was to be implemented on the F-35. However, in May 2012, the U.S. Navy decided to focus NGJ integration on the EA-18G for an expected in-service date of 2020, and defer work for the F-35. Boeing is also looking at exporting a Growler Lite configuration without the jamming pods for electronic awareness rather than electronic attack.

Three Growlers networked together can generate targeting tracks for hostile radio-frequency sources in real time, but this is difficult to arrange with the current minimum strength US Navy squadrons. Utilizing faster data-links, the Growler could use its EW pods to accurately locate signal sources. In a group of three planes, when one detects a signal from a source such as a cell phone, the other two can also listen for the same signal, all three measuring the amount of time taken for transmissions to travel from the source to each aircraft to trilaterate the location to "a very, very small area." By early 2015, the Navy had demonstrated this concept using EA-18s equipped with Rockwell Collins' tactical targeting network technology (TTNT) and ALQ-218 receivers to acquire emissions from a target vessel and target it from a stand-off range without using their own detectable radar emissions. Boeing announced on 1 December 2015 that they would upgrade Navy EA-18Gs with the TTNT datalink.

Following U.S. Navy missions in Operation Odyssey Dawn during the 2011 Libyan Revolution, the Royal Australian Air Force decided to add the Raytheon ATFLIR (forward looking infrared) pod to their order of 12 Growler aircraft. When the Navy's EA-18Gs' radar and radar detectors located possible targets, they passed the information through datalinks to strike fighters. However, the Growlers themselves lacked the ability to visually confirm what it detected, so adding a FLIR pod gives it visual acuity to see targets and shorten the kill chain; it is not known if the U.S. Navy will also add a FLIR pod. Australian EA-18Gs will also be equipped with the AIM-9X Sidewinder missile.

United States

The first Growler for fleet use was officially accepted by VAQ-129 "Vikings" at NAS Whidbey Island, on 3 June 2008. The Navy planned to buy approximately 85 aircraft to equip 11 squadrons as of 2008. The EA-18G completed operational evaluation in late July 2009. The Growler was rated operationally effective and suitable for operational use. On 5 August 2009, EA-18G Growlers from Electronic Attack Squadron 129 (VAQ-129) and Electronic Attack Squadron 132 (VAQ-132) completed their first at-sea carrier-arrested landing aboard the USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75).

The first deployable EA-18G squadron was VAQ-132 "Scorpions", which reached operational status in October 2009. The first Growler operational deployment was announced on 17 February 2011. In service, the EA-18's radio name during flight operations will be "Grizzly". The "Growler" nickname sounded too much like the EA-6B's "Prowler" name, so "Grizzly" will be used to avoid confusion. By May 2011, 48 Growlers had been delivered to the U.S. Navy.

With the termination of the EB-52H standoff jammer, the Growler became the sole remaining crewed tactical jammer. Air Staff requirements director Maj. Gen. David Scott has indicated that the USAF will seek to provide electronic warfare officers to fly on U.S. Navy Growlers, without providing funding to purchase additional aircraft. U.S. Air Force personnel of 390th Electronic Combat Squadron stationed at NAS Whidbey Island have been supporting and flying the Growler.

The EA-18G was first used in combat during Operation Odyssey Dawn, enforcing the UN no-fly zone over Libya in 2011. Five EA-18Gs were redeployed from Iraq to support operations in Libya in 2011.

The Growler was deployed as part of Operation Prosperity Guardian, where one destroyed a Houthi Mil Mi-24 "Hind" on the ground with a AGM-88E AARGM missile.

Australia
In 2008, the Australian Government requested export approval from the US government to purchase up to six EA-18Gs, which would be part of the order for 24 F/A-18F Super Hornets.

On 27 February 2009, Defence Minister Joel Fitzgibbon announced that 12 of the 24 Super Hornets on order would be wired on the production line for future fit-out as EA-18Gs. The additional wiring would cost A$35 million. On 23 August 2012, the Australian Government announced that 12 RAAF Super Hornets would be fitted with Growler capability at a cost of $1.5 billion, making the Royal Australian Air Force the only military other than the U.S. to operate the Growler's electronic jamming equipment.

On 3 May 2013, the Australian Government announced that it will buy 12 new-build Growlers to supplement the existing Super Hornet fleet. Australia took delivery of the first of 12 Growlers on 29 July 2015. Uniquely, Australian Growlers will be equipped with the AN/ASQ-228 ATFLIR targeting pod and will also have additional air-to-air weapons in the form of the AIM-9X missile. The aircraft will be operated by No. 6 Squadron RAAF. On 7 July 2017, the RAAF completed delivery of the 12 EA-18G Growlers with the arrival of the last Growler at RAAF Base Amberley, home of No. 6 Squadron RAAF.

One of the Australian EA-18Gs was written off following an engine fire in January 2018, leaving the force with 11 of the type. On 29 January, an Australian EA-18G caught fire after an aborted takeoff at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada while participating in Exercise Red Flag 2018. The crew were able to exit the jet on the ground unharmed. An investigation found that one engine's high-pressure compressor had broken into three major pieces that severely damaged the lower airframe, right tailfin, and the other engine. The aircraft was written off on 15 August and the Australian Government is attempting to claim compensation for the loss of the A$125 million aircraft.

On 9 December 2020, the Royal Australian Air Force had announced that the 11 EA-18G Growlers and 24 F/A-18F Super Hornets had been grounded after an incident occurred where the crew of a RAAF F/A-18F had to eject on takeoff which is under investigation.

On 30 September 2021, the US State Department approved the sale of an EA-18G to Australia to replace that lost in the 2018 accident. This aircraft was ordered in early 2022, with the price being up to $US 125 million. It will be acquired from the US Navy's stock of Growlers and be modified to the same configuration as the other Australian aircraft before being delivered to the RAAF. The aircraft was delivered to the RAAF in February 2023.

In February 2023, a A$2 billion project to upgrade the RAAF's Growlers and support infrastructure was approved and awarded to Boeing Corp. As part of the project new radar infrastructure will be installed at RAAF Base Amberley and the Delamere Air Weapons Range. The Growlers will also be fitted with improved sensors, longer-ranged missiles and new jamming pods.

Potential operators
On 1 January 2018, it was reported that the Japanese Government is considering purchasing an electronic warfare attack aircraft and the EA-18G is a candidate for the Japan Air Self-Defense Force.

Boeing and the US Navy have indicated their intention to propose the F/A-18E/F and EA-18G as a package for the new fighter introduction program, HX, which will replace the F/A-18C/D fighters operated by the Finnish Air Force, and on 18 February 2019 the US Department of Defense approved the export of the EA-18G to Finland.

Operators

 * Royal Australian Air Force
 * No. 6 Squadron RAAF
 * No. 6 Squadron RAAF

 * United States Air Force
 * 390th Electronic Combat Squadron provides training for electronic warfare officers for Navy units by augmenting VAQ-129 with some USAF instructors.
 * United States Navy
 * VAQ-129
 * VAQ-130
 * VAQ-131
 * VAQ-132
 * VAQ-133
 * VAQ-134
 * VAQ-135
 * VAQ-136
 * VAQ-137
 * VAQ-138
 * VAQ-139
 * VAQ-140
 * VAQ-141
 * VAQ-142
 * VAQ-144
 * VAQ-209
 * VX-9
 * VX-23
 * VX-31
 * Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center
 * Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center

title: Boeing EA-18G Growler


text:
Smelly Cat

"Smelly Cat" is a comedy song from the American sitcom Friends (1994–2004), performed by American actress Lisa Kudrow. The song was written by Friends writers Adam Chase and Betsy Borns, with musician Chrissie Hynde and Kudrow for the latter's character Phoebe Buffay, and first appears in the sixth episode of the show's second season, "The One with the Baby on the Bus". Hynde guest stars in the episode as a singer hired to replace Phoebe as Central Perk's in-house musician, to whom Phoebe eventually teaches "Smelly Cat". Borns intended to write the song about a dog, basing it on her own pet dog Gouda, but ultimately decided that a song about a pungent cat would be funnier.

Following its debut, Kudrow would continue to frequently perform "Smelly Cat" throughout Friends ' ten-year run, most prominently during the show's second season, with the song becoming a running gag and integral component of Phoebe's role. The song's popularity grew among fans to the point at which they asked that it be released as an album track. Kudrow and the Pretenders, credited as Phoebe Buffay and the Hairballs, recorded an updated version of the song entitled "Smelly Cat Medley" for the soundtrack album Friends Again (1999). Musically, "Smelly Cat" is an acoustic pop and folk novelty song about an odorous cat mistreated and neglected by its owners due to its stench.

Established as a fan favorite, "Smelly Cat" has become closely associated with Phoebe, Kudrow, and the series, and is often ranked highly by media publications among Friends ' most memorable moments and featured songs, even rivaling the show's theme song "I'll Be There for You" in terms of popularity. "Smelly Cat" has been covered by several artists, including Friends guest stars E. G. Daily, Chris Isaak, and James Michael Tyler, co-star Courteney Cox, and singer Colbie Caillat. Kudrow also performed "Smelly Cat" with Taylor Swift live during the singer's 1989 World Tour in 2015, with footage of the duet garnering widespread media attention and becoming a viral sensation. During Friends' 2021 reunion television special, Kudrow performed a special rendition of the song with Lady Gaga.

Background and writing
On the sitcom Friends, actress Lisa Kudrow portrays Phoebe Buffay, an eccentric masseuse and amateur singer-songwriter with poor musicality. The character regularly performs her original, peculiar songs at Central Perk, a New York-based coffeehouse at which she and her five friends often socialize. "Smelly Cat" was written for the character by Kudrow with Adam Chase, Betsy Borns and Chrissie Hynde. The song was conceived in 1995 by Borns, a Friends writer who originally intended for its lyrics to be about a pungent dog entitled "Smelly Dog". Having a tendency to incorporate aspects of her personal life into Friends episodes, Borns initially based the song on a malodorous dog she had once owned named Gouda (named after the cheese), at first penning it "as an ode to her childhood pet", before ultimately deciding a song about a foul-smelling cat would be more humorous. Chase, another writer on Friends, also contributed lyrics. Kudrow composed the melody herself, as she had done for all of her character's original songs.

"Smelly Cat" first appears in the sixth episode of the second season, "The One with the Baby on the Bus" (1995), which Borns also wrote. Hynde (lead singer of rock band The Pretenders) guest stars in the episode as Stephanie Schiffer, a professional singer originally hired to replace Phoebe as Central Perk's resident musician, to whom Phoebe teaches "Smelly Cat" at the end of the episode. Hynde co-wrote the song's music with Kudrow. The musician had agreed to guest star on Friends with little knowledge as to how popular the relatively new sitcom had already become in the United States, having not heard of the show prior to being cast. Kudrow described writing with Hynde as "amazing". Critics believe Hynde's guest appearance bolstered sales of The Pretenders' cover of "Angel of the Morning", which Hynde also performs in the episode.

"Smelly Cat" grew increasingly popular among fans of the show, who sent letters to producers asking that they release the song on an album. Upon realizing the song's popularity, Reprise Records' Howie Klein expressed interest in developing a concept album based around "Smelly Cat" as a follow-up to the previous years' Friends album, but Kudrow's participation in the project was undecided. An updated version of the song entitled "Smelly Cat Medley" was eventually released on the soundtrack album Friends Again (1999), credited to Phoebe Buffay and the Hairballs. The track is a combination of "Smelly Cat" excerpts from various episodes, featuring vocals from Kudrow and The Pretenders. Although the album's cover features all six of the show's main cast members – Kudrow, Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer – Kudrow was the only main cast member to contribute a song.

Use in Friends
"Smelly Cat" is one of several songs Phoebe writes and performs on Friends. Debuting in "The One with the Baby on the Bus", Phoebe first mentions the song to Rachel Green (Aniston) in conversation. The song is initially established as Phoebe's least popular among audiences. In the episode, Stephanie struggles to play "Smelly Cat" to Phoebe's liking, with Phoebe advising the character to work on feeling the song's lyrics. "Smelly Cat" proved popular and would continue to make several appearances throughout Friends ' ten seasons, primarily via various performances and renditions by Phoebe. Although originally intended to be a one-time joke, the writers continued to conceive ways of incorporating the song into the series, creating various storylines that revolve around "Smelly Cat". I'll Be There for You: The One about Friends author Kelsey Miller confirmed that the composition was used most frequently during the show's second season, with Phoebe singing it at Central Perk regularly. The song would become one of the show's most used running gags. The song appears in season two's "The One Where Eddie Moves In", in which Phoebe attempts to record a professional rendition of the song in a recording studio. She struggles to record with background singers. Phoebe eventually films a music video for the song, for which her voice is ultimately dubbed by a professional singer, voiced by E. G. Daily. Phoebe initially believes she is hearing herself sing and thinks she sounds good. Upon learning the truth, Phoebe ultimately feels sorry for the anonymous singer instead of pitying herself. The song is then heard in season three's "The One with Phoebe's Ex-Partner", in which Leslie (again portrayed by Daily), a singer with whom Phoebe used to perform, suggests that "Smelly Cat" be adapted into a jingle for a cat litter commercial. Phoebe ultimately refuses the offer, but Leslie sells the song without Phoebe's permission, prompting her to write "Jingle Bitch" about Leslie. The product is named "Smelly Cat" Kitty Litter, after the song. Phoebe performs the song as a duet with Rob, portrayed by musician Chris Isaak, although Phoebe criticizes his rendition, suggesting that the singer refrain from incorporating his signature high-pitched yodeling in favor of "a more masculine note". Phoebe also leads her friends in a sing-along version of "Smelly Cat" at Central Perk, each of whom contribute a solo, except Ross Geller (Schwimmer) because there are no more lines.

In season five's "The One with Joey's Bag", Phoebe's estranged father Frank Buffay reveals that he used to sing her a lullaby called "Sleepy Girl", which shares "Smelly Cat"'s melody, as a baby, further establishing "Smelly Cat" as a fundamental aspect of Phoebe's life story. However, Sam Ashurst of Digital Spy identified this as a plot hole, since Phoebe had previously confirmed that her father abandons her before she was born, therefore he could not have been present to sing to her. Ashurst theorized that Phoebe could have been so determined to retain the copyright to her most famous song that she lied about its composer. According to Rachel Steinberg Radio Times, "Smelly Cat" is heard nine times throughout the course of the series in various capacities. VH1 writer Stacy Lambe believes "Smelly Cat" once signified "a point in Phoebe's career when it seemed like her music was going to take off." The New Zealand Herald described the song as "Phoebe's acoustic anthem [which] echoed throughout the whole series." Following filming of the Friends series finale in January 2004, a wrap party was hosted for the cast and crew at Los Angeles' Park Plaza Hotel, at which a cocktail named after the song was served. A full version of the music video has been included on DVD releases of Friends.

Composition
Kudrow's original rendition of "Smelly Cat" has been described as a "folky, acoustic" track. The Toronto Star called it a "unique guitar ballad". According to HelloGiggles' Rachel Paige, the music video version is treated to a "90s remix" with heavy production. Amazon identified the updated "Smelly Cat Medley" as a pop song lasting two minutes and twenty-seven seconds (2:27) in duration. "Smelly Cat" alternates between three chords – E, A and D – although Phoebe never refers to chords by their traditional names. The song consists of a simple melody and humorous lyrics, with Comedy Central describing Kudrow's vocals as "strained".

A novelty song, MTV's Lindsay Soll wrote that "Smelly Cat" is about a "feline with a pungent odor", but Phoebe reassures the cat that its scent is not its own fault. Rachel Simon, writing for Bustle, summarized the track as a song about "a poor-smelling cat treated badly by society for its odor". The song's lyrics begin "Smelly cat, smelly cat, what are they feeding you?", followed by "Smelly cat, smelly cat it's not your fault." "Smelly Cat" continues, "It may not be a bed of roses/ but you're no friend to those with noses". NME critic Beth Cherry believes that the song "educate[s] the world about the plight of olfactorily-challenged felines everywhere." Ciara Knight of Joe considers the song's opening lyrics to be its most iconic.

Simon believes "Smelly Cat" explores an inspiring message beyond the odor of a cat about remaining unbothered while being bullied and shunned. Classic FM's Sofia Rizzi agreed that the song "has a deep and meaningful message at its core". Referring to the line "what are they feeding you?", Bustle 's Mallory Schlossberg suggested that fans "may never know the answer to that deeply philosophical musical question". The song never reveals how or why the cat smells bad, or what its owners are feeding it. Kudrow confirmed that she never learned what the cat was being fed, although the general consensus is that the cat's diet contributed to its smell. The cat's gender is also never confirmed.

Reception and popularity
Reviews for "Smelly Cat" have been generally positive. Cosmopolitan writer Jo Sayer reviewed "The One with the Baby on the Bus" as "an awesome episode because it's ... where Smelly Cat is first introduced." Newsweek called the song "legendary". A Medium contributor wrote that the song "has become an undetachable part of Phoebe's persona and her anthem". The Toronto Star 's Melody L. Goh hailed "Smelly Cat" as "the best song to ever be played on Friends", while RTÉ declared it one of the series' greatest moments. Greg Gilman of TheWrap described "Smelly Cat" as "delightfully silly". Laura McClellan of Taste of Country deemed "Smelly Cat" "one of Phoebe's greatest quirky coffee house hits". Ilyse Liffreing of Ad Age reviewed one of Phoebe's "Smelly Cat" performances as "One of the most memorable scenes" from the series, which the author believes in turn "solidified Phoebe as their show favorite." The Honolulu Star-Advertiser 's Betty Shimabukuro described "Smelly Cat" as "legendary for its tunelessness and total fusion with the Phoebe personality", and suggested that fans seek solace by singing the song following the show's finale. Conversely, Wired writer Travis Reilly described the track as "notoriously awful", while The Washington Post journalist Jennifer Frey dismissed the song's several renditions as "painful".

Digital Spy ranked "Smelly Cat" among "12 amazing Phoebe moments". Sammy Nickalls, writing for HelloGiggles, believes "Smelly Cat" "will go down in history for the best song about an odorous pet". Madison Malone Kircher of Business Insider wrote that "Smelly Cat" predated the Internet as a viral meme by "becoming an oft-quoted and mimicked cultural touchstone for fans of the show." Victoria Dawson Hoff of Elle observed that the song threatens to "unseat 'I'll Be There For You' as the song that's most synonymous with Friends", explaining that fans still struggle to "get it out of our heads" nearly 20 years after it was released. Bustle 's Rachel Simon agreed that "Smelly Cat" rivals "the theme song as one of the show's most unforgettable musical moments". CinemaBlend contributor Jessica Rawden attributes the song's popularity to several storylines that established "Smelly Cat" as an important aspect of Phoebe's life, ultimately becoming "ingrained into the cultural fiber of Friends". Cosmopolitan 's Ellen Scott described the song as "glorious" and "iconic", to which any true fan knows the lyrics. Conversely, Lindsey Weber of Vulture found "Smelly Cat" is "overrated", believing it to be inferior to Phoebe's angrier songs.

Live performances and covers
Kudrow has generally refrained from performing "Smelly Cat" live under most circumstances, despite being constantly asked by fans. The song began to experience a revival in 2009 when a dance remix began circulating on the Internet. Upon learning about the remix, Kudrow said "I can't wait to hear if it is any good". In September 2009, Kudrow performed "Smelly Cat" live with actress Courteney Cox, who portrayed Monica Geller on Friends, during the Rock A Little, Feed A Lot benefit concert. Kudrow was originally intended to introduce musician Sheryl Crow, only for the audience to ask her to sing "Smelly Cat" instead. Kudrow then invited Cox to join her for the performance, for which the stagehands provided Kudrow with a guitar at Cox's insistence. The performance was met with a standing ovation from the crowd. Hello! joked that "hitting the right notes wasn't really a concern [for the actresses] if they wanted the performance to reflect Lisa's character's dubious musical talents", while Inquisitr's Asher Bayot reviewed the duet as awkward. The performance remained Kudrow's only documented post-Friends "Smelly Cat" performance for several years.

In 2014, singer-songwriter Colbie Caillat sang an a capella version of "Smelly Cat" live at a Central Perk-themed pop-up café in Manhattan, New York, which had been launched to commemorate the show's 20th anniversary. Caillat's unscheduled performanced surprised many fans in attendance, who she encouraged to sing along. Despite praising Caillat's rendition as "awesome" for "fulfill[ing] every Friends fanatic's fantasy", Bustle 's Aly Semigran criticized her for performing only half of the song. However, she believes her rendition should lead to a Phoebe tribute album, on which she should reprise "Smelly Cat". At the same pop-up, actor James Michael Tyler, who portrayed Central Perk barista Gunther, performed the first verse of the song with band The Rembrandts, who originally recorded "I'll Be There for You". Brent Furdyk of Entertainment Tonight Canada described the Tyler-Rembrandts rendition as "Jim Morrison-esque". A box of "Smelly Cat" kitty litter from the episode "The One with Phoebe's Ex-Partner" was displayed as part of the pop-up's exhibit. In August 2015, Kudrow performed "Smelly Cat" live with singer Taylor Swift at the Staples Center during the final North American legs of her 1989 World Tour. Her fifth and final performance at the venue, Swift introduced Kudrow as Phoebe Buffay, advising the audience that "She's only ever played in coffee houses before. She's never played in a big venue like this". Kudrow then entered the stage wearing a long skirt reminiscent of Phoebe's wardrobe. Adopting her character's personality, both Kudrow and Swift accompanied themselves on guitar. Kudrow interrupted Swift midway through the duet to offer feedback and remind her to feel the song's lyrics, prompting screams and laughter from the audience. Referencing her duet with Hynde, Kudrow ultimately assured Swift that she master the song eventually. The performance was widely reported and positively received by media outlets. Yvonne Villarreal of the Los Angeles Times found the rendition superior to "Smelly Cat's" "over-produced music video" from "The One Where Eddie Moves In". The Daily Telegraph 's Helena Horton called Kudrow's performance "the sweetest" of all the guest appearances throughout Swift's tour. Stylist agreed that Kudrow's appearance "might top" all other guests, calling it superior to singers Selena Gomez and Justin Timberlake's cameos at the same concert, while Screener's Andrea Reiher concurred that Kudrow was arguably Swift's "best guest of the entire '1989' run", concluding that the singer once again "wins at life". Heather Saul of The Independent crowned Kudrow "the highlight of all of [Swift's] cameos", eclipsing Timberlake's first stage appearance since becoming a father.

Michel Serra of Closer reviewed that Kudrow "has not lost any of Phoebe's intonations", despite being performed 10 years after the actress had last played the role. Business Insider 's Madison Malone Kircher found the song to be "an excellent fit for Swift" due to her love of cats, despite being "a far cry from the tracks on her '80s-pop-inspired ... album". Tessa Berenson of Time wrote that Swift "may have outdone herself" by duetting with Kudrow, suggesting that Swift's next album should be a cover album of Phoebe songs. Rachel Paige of HelloGiggles declared that it would be difficult for Swift to ever top this moment, while HuffPost contributor Stephanie Marcus called Swift's decision to perform with Kudrow " genius" and "glorious". A critic for The New Zealand Herald described the rendition as "a whole new – and slightly surreal – experience to see it performed with pop royalty in front of a huge stadium audience." Fan recordings of the performance became very popular on the Internet being heavily circulated on social media, with both Swift and "Smelly Cat" trending on Facebook and Twitter, respectively, the following morning. The videos quickly earned millions of views, becoming the most viral guest performance from the tour. Time ranked the performance Swift's seventh best moment of 2015. However, Vice 's Mitchell Sunderland questioned whether Swift's target demographic of fans born in and after 1999 were truly familiar with Kudrow and the song. As of 2016, E. G. Daily sometimes performs the song during her shows.

To commemorate the show's 25th anniversary in September 2019, a flash mob of 25 women dressed as Phoebe assembled in New York's Union Square and performed "Smelly Cat". In tribute to the character, each woman donned a suede fringe jacket, blonde wig, and guitar, replicating one of Phoebe's outfits from the series. The impersonators also sang the song at each location they stopped, including The Today Show, WPIX TV and Grand Central Station. The performers used the occasion to raise awareness for pet rescue and encourage witnesses to adopt a cat, on behalf of the Best Friends Animal Society. During Friends' 2021 reunion television special, Kudrow performed a special rendition of "Smelly Cat" with Lady Gaga.

Legacy
"Smelly Cat" has since been established as a fan and cult favorite. Although Phoebe performs nearly 40 original songs over Friends ' ten-year run, "Smelly Cat" is considered her breakout hit and signature song,  as well as "her most famous creation". According to The Times of India, Phoebe made the song "real and iconic at the same time" to the point at which "its used worldwide by fans." In 2014, Kudrow revealed that fans constantly ask her to sing the song, but she refuses. USA Today ranked the lyrics of "Smelly Cat" among the actress' best Friends quotes. More included "Smelly Cat" among "The 15 Best Moments In 'Friends' History", with author Effie Orfanides deeming it "one of the best things to come out of the series", insisting that all fans know its lyrics. "Smelly Cat" is one of the most enduring songs from the sitcom. VH1 ranked "Smelly Cat" Friends ' best musical moment, ahead of "I'll Be There for You". Author Kat George called the song "as essential to Friends as the shows theme song", even going on to crown it "the show's unofficial theme song." E! also ranked the song first, writing that the character "turned the sincere lyrics into one of her most acclaimed (laughed) 'hits'." In a similar article, Billboard critic Erin Strecker deemed the track "a classic" among Phoebe's songs.

NDTV recognized "Smelly Cat" as one of Friends ' 20 funniest moments, citing its music video as their favorite rendition. E! considers "Smelly Cat, Smelly Cat" to be among Friends ' 25 most quotable moments. Classic FM ranked "Smelly Cat" Phoebe's best song, with writer Sofia Rizzi calling it "a post-modern work of art" that remains "an anthem for fans of the show today." Metro 's Hanna Flint declared the song "arguably one of the most memorable songs in the history of television." Marie Claire believes "Smelly Cat" has grown to be nearly as ubiquitous as "Happy Birthday" and Christmas carols, calling it "everyone's favourite Friends song" and concluding, "Despite belting out dozens of ditties during the 10 season run of Friends, the musical talent of Phoebe Buffay will always be remembered through the lyrical genius that is Smelly Cat." In 2016, Comedy Central crowned the song "one of the most iconic tunes of the 90s", calling it a "timeless" track because fans can recall its lyrics 21 years later.

In addition to ranking "Smelly Cat" first on BuzzFeed's "Definitive Ranking Of Phoebe Buffay's Top 40 Songs", author Tasmai Uppin called it "the ultimate Phoebe Buffay song" against which all of her songs are compared. Entertainment Weekly ranked "Smelly Cat" Phoebe's fifth greatest song, with author Hillary Busis calling it "iconic and charming and ready-made for merchandise" but questioned its popularity, considering it less funny than some of her other songs. Busis also praised its music video. The Irish Independent included "Smelly Cat" as one of Friends ' 10 best moments, about which author Aishling Phelan wrote that Phoebe "created some pretty comical and sometimes disturbing songs, but Smelly Cat emerged as her trademark number." Phelan went on to describe its lyrics as "deep and eloquent", but dismissed its music video as "cheesy". Although VH1 ranked "Smelly Cat" the third "Best (Fake) Song Written For TV", author Stacy Lambe critiqued the music video version as "overproduced". Meanwhile, Abi Jackson of Stylist included the costume Phoebe wears in the "Smelly Cat" music video among "The 50 most iconic fashion and beauty moments in Friends", calling it "One of Phoebe's best sartorial moments" and joking "forget Lady Gaga, this is how music videos should be".

Ranking "Smelly Cat" among Friends ' 10 best running gags, Gillian Furmage of WOW247 wrote that the show simply "wouldn't be Friends without the anthem that is 'Smelly Cat'." Calling it one of television's 12 best running gags, Refinery29 's wrote that the song "still brings the laughs years after the show's end." Erin Fitzpatrick Digital Spy ranked "Smelly Cat" the 11th best original song from within a television show. Kat George of Bustle ranked the video the third best video the Friends characters watched during the series, while ranking the commercial for the single seventh. Although Hyndes used to get annoyed by fans asking her to perform "Smelly Cat" on stage, she has grown used to the popularity of it and now considers the song to be "probably my biggest legacy now. Portuguese comedy group Gato Fedorento named themselves after "Smelly Cat", which translates to Gato Fedorento in Portuguese. To commemorate the show's 25th anniversary in September 2019, Google created several Friends-themed easter eggs which appear in the search results when the name of a main character is searched. Searching "Phoebe Buffay" or "Phoebe" returned an image of a guitar which, when clicked, promoted Kudrow's rendition of "Smelly Cat" to play in the background, while a black cat walks across the screen as a green cloud of gas is excreted from its backside to indicate its stench.

title: Smelly Cat


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File:InternationalExaminerlogo.png

Summary
International Examiner logo.

Licensing
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text: User talk:67.81.236.69

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Talk:Smelly Cat

How come the other songs got deleted?
Why is the page of song lyrics ok, but the other page of phoebe's song lyrics was deleted?

 * Yeah, why did the massive list of ALL of Phoebe's songs get deleted? Ian42 12:05, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Garbage Dump?
The first paragraph says 'The song is obviously inspired by Charles Manson's Garbage Dump'. Although I agree there are some similarities, Google didn't come up with a single clue backing this statement. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 131.211.51.190 (talk) 11:54, 17 January 2007 (UTC).

Some bits and bobs

 * https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/a829027/best-original-songs-from-tv-shows/
 * https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2016/03/106980/friends-smelly-cat-song
 * http://www.vh1.com/news/51524/best-fake-songs-on-tv/
 * https://mood.fm/news/strange/ranking-the-best-original-songs-from-inside-tv-shows-from-smelly-cat-to-chocolate-salty1/
 * https://medium.com/@trbble/7-awesome-songs-that-f-r-i-e-n-d-s-made-us-discover-a59ce205bc30
 * https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/656725/Friends-writer-Smelly-Cat
 * https://www.joe.ie/movies-tv/friends-smelly-cat-636332
 * https://www.bustle.com/articles/74625-what-friends-phoebe-buffays-song-smelly-cat-is-really-all-about-because-its-more-than-just
 * http://archives.starbulletin.com/2004/05/02/features/story6.html --> this has information on the song's composition.
 * http://screenertv.com/television/colbie-caillat-sings-smelly-cat/

title: Talk:Smelly Cat


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Talk:Bowmore distillery

Comments
I've been wondering, can anyone tell me how this brand is pronounced? Does it rhyme with "go-more", or "how-more"? -R. fiend 20:31, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Rhymes with "Go-More", with emphasis on the second syllable, according to  - CFang 17:19, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

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Z code

Z Code (like Q Code and X Code) is a set of operating signals used in CW, TTY and RTTY radio communication.

Distinct versions
There are at least three sets of Z codes.

Many of the old C&W codes are derived from mnemonics The old C&W Z codes are not widely used today.
 * - style="vertical-align:top;"
 * 1.
 * One set of codes was originally developed by Cable & Wireless Ltd. (the Cable & Wireless Service Z code) for commercial communications in the early days of wire and radio communications.
 * (ZAL = alter wavelength, ZAP = ack please, ZSF = send faster, etc.)
 * - style="vertical-align:top;"
 * 2.
 * APCO also developed a system of Z codes.
 * - style="vertical-align:top;"
 * 3.
 * NATO forces independently developed a later set of Z codes for military use and inter-language needs. The NATO Z codes are still in use, and are published in the unclassified document ACP-131.
 * }

There are other sets of codes internally used by Russia's military and other operating agencies.

Examples

 * {| class="wikitable"

! Code ! Meaning ! Source
 * + Some example Z codes
 * ZAL (...) ...
 * I am closing down (until ...) due to ...
 * C&W
 * ZAP ...
 * Work ...
 * 1. Simplex; 2. Duplex; 3. Diplex; 4. Multiplex; 5. Single sideband; 6. With automatic error correction system; 7. Without automatic error correction system. 8. With time and frequency diversity modem
 * Work ...
 * 1. Simplex; 2. Duplex; 3. Diplex; 4. Multiplex; 5. Single sideband; 6. With automatic error correction system; 7. Without automatic error correction system. 8. With time and frequency diversity modem

 * C&W
 * ZBK
 * Are you receiving my traffic clear?
 * NATO
 * ZBK 1
 * I am receiving your traffic clear
 * NATO
 * ZBK 2
 * I am receiving your traffic garbled
 * NATO
 * ZBM 2
 * Place a competent operator on this circuit
 * C&W
 * ZLD 2
 * I cannot transmit pictures
 * C&W
 * ZSF ... (...)
 * Switch off ... (except ...)
 * 1. IFF; 2. IFF sets for 10 minutes in area denoted except for ships with the following call signs ...
 * I cannot transmit pictures
 * C&W
 * ZSF ... (...)
 * Switch off ... (except ...)
 * 1. IFF; 2. IFF sets for 10 minutes in area denoted except for ships with the following call signs ...
 * 1. IFF; 2. IFF sets for 10 minutes in area denoted except for ships with the following call signs ...

 * C&W
 * ZBW ...
 * Change to backup frequency ...
 * C&W
 * ZBZ ...
 * Measure of printability
 * 1=Garbled / unreadable, up to 5=Perfect
 * Measure of printability
 * 1=Garbled / unreadable, up to 5=Perfect

 * C&W
 * ZUJ
 * Stand by.
 * NATO
 * }
 * }

title: Z code


text:
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text:
Nick Lampson

Nicholas Valentino Lampson (born February 14, 1945) is an American politician and restaurateur who is a former Democratic Congressman representing the 22nd Congressional District and the 9th Congressional District of Texas.

Early life, education, and early political career
Lampson is a lifelong resident of Southeast Texas and a second-generation Italian-American. His grandparents came to the United States from Italy one hundred years ago and settled in Stafford, where they had farms and were founding members of their church. His parents grew up, met, and married in Fort Bend County. Lampson's mother and father eventually moved to Beaumont, where he was born.

Lampson is one of six children born to a welder and a homemaker. His father died when he was 12 years old, and Lampson took his first job at that young age sweeping floors to supplement the family's income. Lampson's mother received $19 per month from Social Security as long as he stayed in school. This money helped his family stay together in those difficult years. This would later influence his commitment to protecting Social Security.

Though Lampson's mother had only a fifth grade education, she encouraged her children in school, and all six graduated from college with at least one degree. His mother earned her GED on her 80th birthday. Lampson earned a Bachelor of Science degree in biology and a master's degree in education from Lamar University, where he was a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. He taught high school science at Hebert High School in Beaumont. An inner calling to be of service to others, and the experience of interning with Congressman Jack Brooks in 1969, led him to seek public office.

In 1976, Lampson was elected tax assessor-collector for Jefferson County and served nearly twenty years. He instituted an emphasis on customer service, successfully pushed for major upgrades in computer technology, and reduced the cost of collecting taxes by $3 million a year. He resigned from his post in order to run for congress.

Elections
In the 1996 election, Lampson decided to run for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives representing Texas's 9th congressional district. The incumbent was Republican U.S. Congressman Steve Stockman, who was a freshman in congress. The district had been represented by Democrat Jack Brooks for 42 years, but Brooks had been one of the most prominent Democratic incumbents to lose re-election in the "Republican Revolution" of 1994, which brought the House under the control of Republicans for the first time since the 83rd United States Congress following the 1952 elections. Lampson won the Democratic primary with 69% of the vote. In the general election, he defeated Stockman 53%-47%.
 * 1996

 * 1998

He won re-election to a second term against Republican Tom Cottar 64%-36%.

He won re-election to a third term against Republican Paul Williams 59%-40%.
 * 2000

He won re-election to a fourth term against Republican Paul Williams 59%-40%.
 * 2002

 * 2004

Lampson was one of the prime targets of a controversial mid-decade redistricting in 2003. His district was renumbered as the 2nd district. Galveston, which along with Beaumont had anchored the district and its previous incarnations for over a century, was moved into the neighboring 14th District. Much of Galveston County and the portion of Houston including NASA's Johnson Space Center (which had been part of the 9th since 1967) were drawn into DeLay's 22nd District. They were replaced by several heavily Republican areas north and east of Houston.

In the 2004 election, Lampson opted to run for reelection in the 2nd District. His Republican opponent was Ted Poe, a longtime district court judge in Harris County, home to most of Houston. Poe defeated Lampson, 56%-43%. Though Beaumont and Jefferson County gave Lampson a majority, he was swamped in the Harris County portion of the district, which supported Poe with 70% of the vote. He was one of several Democratic incumbents that were successfully removed from office as a direct result of Tom Delay's controversial mid-decade redistricting plan.

Elections

 * 2006

On May 4, 2005, Lampson announced his candidacy in Texas's 22nd congressional district, which had been held by DeLay for 20 years. In the 2003 redistricting, DeLay drew much of Lampson's former territory into his own 22nd district, including part of Galveston County (but not Galveston city) and the Johnson Space Center. Lampson had briefly considered a so-called "kamikaze" run against DeLay. He moved to Stafford, a city halfway between Houston and Sugar Land, where his grandparents immigrated to from Italy.

Conservative media pundits criticized Lampson's decision to run in the 22nd. Fred Barnes of Fox News Channel called him "a carpetbagger" who "moved into" DeLay's district. However, Lampson had represented all of the 22nd's portion of Galveston County, as well as part of its share of Houston, during his first stint in Congress. Also, as mentioned above, he had family connections in the district.

The 22nd had long been considered a solidly Republican district, with a Cook Partisan Voting Index of R+15. A Democratic presidential candidate had not carried the district since the Texan Lyndon B. Johnson defeated Barry Goldwater in the 1964 election. Democrats had not held the congressional seat since after the 1978 election. The 2008 presidential candidate Ron Paul had held the seat as a Republican before DeLay took over in 1985. Historically, among districts in the Houston area, only the 7th District has been considered more Republican.

DeLay, who was then the House Majority Leader, was seen as vulnerable. He had only won re-election by 14 points in 2004 against a relatively unknown Democrat who spent virtually no money—an unusually close margin for a party leader. Many experts believed that as a result of DeLay's attempts to make the other Houston-area districts more Republican, his own district was more competitive than the one he had represented for his first 10 terms in Congress. Most importantly, DeLay had been investigated for corruption and was indicted on conspiracy and money laundering charges. DeLay denied all allegations and a Texas judge dismissed the former charge in late 2006; still, this damaged DeLay's credibility in the campaign.

On April 4, 2006, DeLay withdrew his candidacy for the upcoming November midterm elections in the face of questions about his ethics; he cited troubling poll numbers as the reason. Lampson announced on August 17, 2006, that three major police associations had endorsed him: the National Association of Police Organizations, the International Union of Police Associations, and the Texas State Police Coalition.

Texas Governor Rick Perry announced on August 29, 2006, that a special election would take place for the balance of DeLay's 11th term, coinciding with the general election on November 7, 2006. This meant that voters voted once in the special election for a candidate to fill DeLay's seat during the lame-duck session of the 109th Congress, and voted a second time for a candidate to represent the district in the 109th Congress. Lampson ran only for the full term, facing Republican Houston City Councilwoman Shelley Sekula-Gibbs.

On September 22, 2006, The Hotline ranked Texas' 22nd Congressional District House race as third (up from a previous ranking of fifth) in a list of the top 30 House races in the country. Additionally, other traditionally conservative organizations backed Lampson's candidacy. The National Rifle Association and the Veterans of Foreign Wars both supported Lampson in the 2006 election.

Three national political journals—the Cook Political Report, Larry Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Congressional Quarterly—rated the race as Leans Democratic. On October 30, 2006, a Zogby poll commissioned by the Houston Chronicle-KHOU-TV was released, showing the write-in candidate, Sekula-Gibbs, at 27.9 percent and Lampson at 36 percent, with nearly 25 percent still undecided.

Lampson defeated Sekula-Gibbs in the November 7 election, 52 to 42 percent, with the remaining 6 percent going to Libertarian Bob Smither. He officially returned to Congress on January 4, 2007. But, DeLay was still on the ballot as the official Republican candidate (Democrats successfully sued to prevent Sekula-Gibbs' from replacing DeLay on the ballot, forcing her to run a write-in campaign). Meanwhile, Sekula-Gibbs ran unopposed in the special election. This caused confusion for many voters, who were told repeatedly "write in Sekula-Gibbs" but then found her name on the ballot. This resulted in a large (but unreleased) number of excluded votes for Tom DeLay in the general election. Numerous ballots were discarded, including all straight-party votes and direct votes for DeLay. This caused a small outcry of resentment from supporters of Sekula-Gibbs, who felt the election was stolen and their votes disfranchised.

The two elections held on the same day resulted in Sekula-Gibbs winning to serve the last two months of DeLay's term, while Lampson won the seat for a full term, starting in January 2007.

 * 2008

Lampson faced reelection in 2008 against Pete Olson, an attorney and a former aide to Senators Phil Gramm and John Cornyn. Despite the perception that the district was more competitive than the one DeLay represented for his first 10 terms, the 22nd was considered a heavily Republican district. It gave Bush 64 percent of the vote in 2004. By most accounts, it was one of the few realistic chances for a Republican challenger to unseat a Democrat in what was forecast to be a bleak year for Republicans.

Olson and Lampson agreed to a debate on the issues on October 20, 2008, in Rosenberg, Texas.

An October 22, 2008, poll by John Zogby and the Houston Chronicle said that Olson had a 17-point lead over Lampson.

On October 30, 2008, Larry Sabato predicted Lampson's Congressional race to be a "Republican Pick Up" with Olson defeating Lampson.

On November 4, 2008, Olson defeated Lampson with 52.5% of the vote to Lampson's 45.3%. Lampson carried the Galveston County portion of the district, but could not overcome a 15,900-vote deficit in Harris County.

Committee Memberships

 * United States House Committee on Agriculture
 * Subcommittee on Nutrition, Oversight, and Department Operations
 * Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry
 * United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
 * Subcommittee on Aviation
 * Subcommittee on Highways and Transit
 * The Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management
 * Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials
 * Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment
 * United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
 * Subcommittee on Energy (chairman)
 * Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics (Ranking Member)

Missing and exploited children
In the spring of 1997, 12-year-old Laura Kate Smither of Friendswood, Texas, was abducted while she was out jogging. Despite efforts by the community and law enforcement her body was found two and a half weeks later.

The devastation felt by the Smither family and the determination of the volunteers inspired Lampson to establish the first-ever United States House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children. Its purpose is to raise awareness of missing and exploited children matters, develop legislation, and support policies that protect children from abduction, exploitation, and abuse. The caucus has played a significant role in promoting the welfare of children and has worked on various initiatives to strengthen child protection laws, improve law enforcement efforts in cases involving missing and exploited children, and provide support and resources to the families of victims. Caucus members pushed through passage of legislation including the Protection of Children From Sexual Predators Act of 1998, Child Abuse Prevention and Enforcement Act of 2000, AMBER Alert System, Code Adam Act, Protecting Our Children Comes First Act of 2007, and the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act. It became the largest bi-partisan, issue-based caucus in the House and inspired the creation of an identical caucus in the Senate.

Lampson authored the Protecting Our Children Comes First Act of 2007. It passed the House and Senate. It was signed into law by President Bush on June 3, 2008.

He introduced and passed the SAFE Act of 2007 in the House. Its intent was to amend the federal criminal code to expand the reporting requirements with respect to violations of laws prohibiting sexual exploitation of children and child pornography. It died in the Senate. Provisions of the bill were adopted in the PROTECT Our Children Act of 2008 and signed into law.

Lampson worked closely with the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children and became known as a tireless advocate for their interests on Capitol Hill.

Transportation and infrastructure
Lampson won support for numerous projects benefiting Southeast Texas, including the Neches River Salt Water Barrier, funding for improving areas of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, port upgrades, and coastal and beach improvement projects. Other notable projects that he secured federal funding for include the Galveston Causeway, Galveston Island Trolley expansion, NASA 1 Bypass Freeway, and major renovations to the Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base's fire station.

He co-sponsored the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century. The landmark legislation affirmed President Clinton's key priorities: improving safety, protecting public health and the environment, and creating opportunity for all Americans.

Following the September 11 attacks, Lampson played a key role in passing Aviation Security legislation as a member of the Subcommittee on Aviation including the Aviation and Transportation Security Act. The bill created a new Transportation Security Administration.

He voted for the Maritime Transportation Antiterrorism Act.

He co-sponsored the Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2002.

Lampson included language in the U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act of 2007 waiving the local funding match required under the Stafford Act. It passed unanimously through the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, and allowed Texas communities to qualify for disaster assistance programs, providing a savings to the State of Texas totaling upwards of $40 million.

NASA, the Johnson Space Center, and Human Space Flight
Lampson's congressional district included the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. He established a reputation as a vocal advocate of the International Space Station, human space flights, and increased federal funding in support of NASA.

In 2002 and 2003, he introduced the Space Exploration Act, a bill to establish long-term goals for NASA and the nation's space program. This bill was largely adopted as policy by the Bush Administration in 2004.

In 2007, he secured more than $300 million in additional federal funding for NASA.

In 2008, twelve house members led by Lampson successfully urged House leaders to add $2 billion to NASA's budget in The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2008. The total budget was $20.2 billion. The additional funding allowed for a Space Shuttle flight to deliver the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer to the International Space Station. The project measures antimatter in cosmic rays and searches for evidence of dark matter. Samuel C. Ting, Nobel prize winning physicist, is the lead researcher on the project. The budget increase also accelerated the development of the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV), which would replace the Space Shuttle.

Additional legislation supported by Lampson includes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2000, the Commercial Space Transportation Competitiveness Act of 2000, the NASA Flexibility Act of 2004, the U.S. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2008.

He introduced the Amendment to the Iran Nonproliferation Act of 2003, seeking to allow NASA to help Russia purchase additional Soyuz and Progress vehicles if the President notifies Congress they are needed to ensure the safety of the crew aboard the International Space Station and to maintain its operational viability while the Space Shuttle fleet is grounded; it influenced the Bush administration's policy and led to passage of the Iran Nonproliferation Amendments Act of 2005.

Lampson was instrumental in passage of the U.S. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004. It provided guidelines for regulating the safety of commercial human spaceflight in the United States under the oversight of the Federal Aviation Administration. It also paved the way for commercial space tourism. The bill's author, Congressman Dana Rohrabacher, credited Lampson among two other colleagues for being able to get this legislation passed.

Foreign affairs and travel
Lampson participated in the NATO Parliamentary Assembly and served as chairman of the Congressional Study Group on Germany, an inter-parliamentary assembly between the German Bundestag and the U.S. House of Representatives.

He was involved in the effort to expand NATO to include all of the Balkan states following the dissolution of the USSR. Traveling to each of the countries, he served as a delegate to help determine their membership eligibility.

The abduction of American children by a non-custodial parent and failure of countries such as Germany in honoring The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction was an issue pressed by Lampson. He authored a concurrent resolution agreed to in the House and Senate calling on allied nations to "comply fully with both the letter and the spirit of their international legal obligations under the Convention to ensure their compliance to honor their commitments and return wrongfully abducted children to their place of habitual residence, and ensure parental access rights by removing obstacles to the exercise of those rights." Germany re-evaluated their non-compliance and put in place additional measures to honor the enforcement of international treaties compelling them to intervene in the return of abducted children to their country of origin.

Lampson was a member of the Cuba Working Group and a proponent of lifting trade embargoes. He co-sponsored the Cuban Food and Medicine Security Act of 1999, Bridges to the Cuban People Act of 2001, Freedom to Travel to Cuba Act of 2002, Export Freedom to Cuba Act of 2003, Bridges to the Cuban People Act of 2003, and Agricultural Export Facilitation Act of 2007.

In 1999, he traveled to Cuba with Southeast Texas rice farmers to meet President Fidel Castro and his government in an attempt to call for renewed agricultural trade between the United States and Cuba. Before a 1960s trade embargo, Cuba imported virtually all of its rice from the U.S. The members of the delegation played a major role in getting a landmark law signed by President Clinton the very next year: the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000. For the first time in decades, it opened the door to modest trade with Cuba. As of 2016, that law has led to more than $5 billion in American exports to Cuba. In 2002, Lampson helped facilitate a deal to allow 30,000 metric tons of grain to be shipped to Cuba from the Port of Galveston for the first time in forty years.

In 2003, he traveled to Germany as part of a congressional delegation meeting with the German Bundestag. Part of the trip included a stop at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, where he visited with wounded U.S. servicemen and women.

In 2008, he traveled to Afghanistan, Pakistan and India with Senator Ben Nelson, Congressman Allen Boyd, and Congressman Tim Mahoney. They met with Afghan President Hamid Karzai and Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf

Political positions
The National Journal ranked Lampson as the most conservative Democrat in Texas. Rated as more conservative than 53 percent of House members and more liberal than 47 percent, he ranked as the sixth-most-conservative Democrat overall, behind lawmakers from Georgia, Mississippi and Oklahoma in 2008.

Abortion

Lampson generally favored abortion rights but opposed "partial-birth" abortion. His position on abortion was that it is a personal matter.

He voted in favor of a ban on partial birth/late term abortions.

In 2004, Lampson was one of forty-eight Catholic members of Congress that signed a letter to the cardinal archbishop of Washington, D.C., saying the threats by some bishops to deny communion to politicians who support abortion rights were "deeply hurtful," counterproductive and "miring the Church in partisan politics."

During his tenure, he averaged a 66% rating by NARAL Pro-Choice America.

Energy

Lampson believed in balanced energy policies supporting both traditional fossil fuel activities and viable renewable energy sources. He encouraged research and development in new energy technologies.

Lampson was an original co-sponsor of the United States-India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Nonproliferation Enhancement Act. It formalized President Bush and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's commitment in which India agreed to separate its civil and military nuclear facilities and to place all its civil nuclear facilities under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards and, in exchange, the United States agreed to work toward a full civil nuclear alliance with India. It enhanced cooperation in using nuclear energy and reduced the danger of nuclear proliferation.

He introduced the Industrial Energy Efficiency Research and Development Act of 2007. It sought to support research and development of new industrial processes and technologies that optimize energy efficiency and environmental performance, utilize diverse sources of energy, and increase economic competitiveness. The bill passed the House but died in the Senate.

Iraq

Lampson voted in favor of authorizing the use of military force against Iraq in 2002 following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. In a 2019 statement on Facebook, Lampson expressed regret voting for the invasion into Iraq and believed the Bush administration misled Congress.

He voted in favor of referring a House resolution entitled "H.Res.1258 - Impeaching George W. Bush, President of the United States, of high crimes and misdemeanors" to the Judiciary Committee.

He was one of fifteen Democrats that voted against a bill that set a time table of withdrawing troops from Iraq by December 2008.

Clinton Impeachment

Lampson voted in favor of an Impeachment inquiry against Bill Clinton in 1998. He was one of only 31 Democrats to cross party lines to support it; they were referred to as "The group of 31". Half of the defectors were members of the Blue Dog coalition, a group of Democrats who represent the center of the political spectrum. Lampson ultimately voted against the Impeachment of Bill Clinton.

2012 Congressional election
After 14th District U.S. Congressman Ron Paul decided that he would not run for re-election to Congress in order to focus on his presidential campaign, Lampson filed papers to run for Congress in that 14th District. The 14th had been shifted well to the east in redistricting, and now included roughly 85 percent of the territory Lampson had represented during his first stint in Congress. Notably, Beaumont and Galveston, the largest cities in Lampson's old district, were now in the 14th. Lampson won the May 29, 2012 primary with 83.23% of the vote and faced State Rep. Randy Weber in the November 6th general election. Lampson was defeated by Weber on November 6, 2012, by a 53% to 45% margin. Lampson only carried his home county of Jefferson County and was unable to overcome the partisan lean of a district that was significantly redder than the territory he had previously represented.

2018 judicial election
Lampson ran for county judge of Jefferson County in 2018. His opponent was Republican incumbent Jeff R. Branick. The election was held on November 6, 2018. He lost the election, 50.63% to 49.37%, a margin of 949 votes. Governor Greg Abbott, Senator Ted Cruz, and Sean Hannity made public appearances in Jefferson County in order to rally support for the vulnerable incumbent, who had switched to the Republican Party a year earlier. Lampson was endorsed by the Beaumont Enterprise. He focused his campaign on securing relief for victims of Hurricane Harvey and diversifying the economic development of Jefferson County.

Other work
Lampson has worked on seniors' issues at the local and national levels as a director of the Area Agency on Aging. He served as a delegate to the 1995 White House Conference on Aging. He is active with local organizations such as the American Heart Association, Land Manor (a rehabilitation facility), and the Young Men's Business League. He is a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. He was chair of the 1995 Bishop's Faith Appeal at the Diocese of Beaumont.

Awards and honors
In 2019, Austria's Habsburg family honored Lampson with the "Medal of Friendship" in recognition of his work as a leading advocate for the NASA space program, the relationships he built with international partners, and his overall commitment to peace.

In 2012, Lampson was honored as one of the "Legends of Galveston" at the Hilton Galveston Island Resort.

In 2008, Lampson was honored by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce with their prestigious "Spirit of Enterprise Award" in recognition of his pro-business voting record. During the same year he was the recipient of the National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) Guardian of Small Business Award in recognition of his strong voting record and his efforts to increase business opportunities, reduce taxes, and eliminate overly burdensome taxes in the 110th Congress.

In 2004, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children honored Lampson with the Congressional Leadership Award in recognition of his commitment to protecting American children. National television network Court TV honored Lampson with its first annual “Keep America Safe” award for his work on child safety issues.

The Laura Recovery Center honored Lampson with the Triangle of Trust Award. The award goes to individuals and organizations that have shown commitment to a relationship among law enforcement, communities and families of missing children.

In 2002, the Houston Chronicle ranked Lampson #1 in constituent services among all other Houston area congressmen.

The Bay Area Houston Economic Partnership honored Lampson with its prestigious Quasar Award for Exceptional Leadership in Economic Development in 1997.

He was recognized as the Outstanding Young Man of Beaumont in 1978 by the Texas Jaycees.

Personal life
Lampson is married to Susan Floyd-Lampson, a retired special education teacher and former Ms. Port Arthur. They have two daughters, Hillary and Stephanie, and six grandchildren. He and his family reside in their hometown of Beaumont. He currently serves as the Vice President of Operations at a regional healthcare company and administrator over their hospice program. He also owns restaurants in Port Arthur and Bridge City.

Lampson underwent a successful quadruple bypass surgery on March 25, 2007, at the Texas Heart Institute. He is a Roman Catholic.

Electoral history
* The 1996 election took place in two parts: an open special primary election on November 5, 1996, concurrent with the general election, followed by a runoff between the two highest vote-getters that took place on December 10, 1996 (as neither Lampson nor Stockman gained 50% of the vote). This was because a three-judge court of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas redrew the boundaries of districts 18, 29, and 30, and redrew portions of districts 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 22, 24, 25, and 26. The District Court further ordered that the candidates in these districts who have filed by August 30, 1996, and been certified by September 5, 1996, would compete in the open primary special election due to the lack of time for a normal primary. See Bush v. Vera.

* Write-in and minor candidate notes: In the 2006 special election for the remaining two months of DeLay's term, Republican Don Richardson received 7,405 votes and Republican Giannibicego Hoa Tran received 2,568 votes. In the 2006 general election, Don Richardson received 428 votes and Joe Reasbeck received 89 votes.

title: Nick Lampson