text:
Scottish Cup

The Scottish Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the Scottish Cup (Scots Cup; Cupa na h-Alba), is an annual association football knock-out cup competition for men's football clubs in Scotland. The competition was first held in 1873–74. Entry is open to all 122 clubs with full membership of the Scottish Football Association (SFA), along with up to eight other clubs who are associate members. The competition is called Scottish Gas Men's Scottish Cup for sponsorship reasons.

Although it is the second oldest competition in association football history, after the English FA Cup, the Scottish Cup trophy is the oldest in association football and is also the oldest national trophy in the world. It was first presented to Queen's Park, who won the final match of the inaugural tournament in March 1874. The current holders are Celtic, who won the tournament for the 42nd time by defeating Rangers 1-0 in the 2024 final.

Format
The tournament starts at the beginning of the Scottish football season, in August. The Scottish Cup Final is usually the last game of the season, taking place at the end of May. Participating teams enter the tournament at different stages depending on their league ranking. The lowest ranked clubs enter the tournament at the preliminary round whilst the highest ranked, those that compete in the Scottish Premiership, enter at the fourth round stage in January.

The competition is a knock-out tournament. In each round of games the teams are paired at random, with the first team drawn listed as the home team. Every game lasts 90 minutes plus any additional stoppage time. The winner of each game advances to the next round, whilst the loser is eliminated from the tournament. In prior seasons, if a game ended in a draw before the fourth round, the fixture was replayed at the home ground of the other team at a later date, before the fourth round. If the replay also ended in a draw, a penalty shoot-out took place to decide the winner. From the fourth round onwards, if the game ended in a draw there was no replay; 30 minutes of extra time would be played, followed by a penalty shoot-out if there is still no winner. Following a vote by the Scottish FA's member clubs in August 2022, it was decided that, for the 2022—23 competition, there would be no replays following the preliminary round, extra time and penalties will be used to decide the winner of drawn games from Round One onwards.

The competition has a staggered entry system. For the 2022–23 edition, the preliminary round is contested by 50 clubs. Eighteen Highland League and sixteen Lowland League clubs begin in the first round. Ten Scottish League Two clubs enter the second round. Scottish League One and Scottish Championship clubs start in the third round, while 12 Scottish Premiership clubs enter in the fourth round.

Eligible clubs and players
Any club that is a full or associate member of the Scottish Football Association (SFA) is entitled to compete in the tournament. Full members qualify automatically, which includes every team that plays in the Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL), Highland League, and Lowland League. Between 1895 and 2007, clubs that were SFA members but not competitors in the country's professional football leagues could only qualify for the tournament through the Scottish Qualifying Cup. Clubs which are not full members of the SFA may still qualify for the tournament by winning one of the six leagues at tier 6 in the Scottish football league system (East, Midlands, North Caledonian, North Region, South, West) or the East, South and West of Scotland Cup-Winners Shield. Clubs that are members of the Scottish Junior Football Association (SJFA) have been able to qualify since 2007 by winning the Scottish Junior Cup. And since 2015, the winners of the Scottish Amateur Cup are also eligible to qualify.

Players that are registered with a competing club are eligible to play, however, cannot represent more than one club during the same tournament. Each club names eleven players and up to seven substitutes before every match. In order to play in the final match, a player must have also been registered to compete in the semi-final round for the same club. If a club fields a player that is not registered, the club may be expelled from the tournament.

Venues
Before the semi-final and final rounds, the venue of each match is determined when the fixtures are drawn; the first club drawn in a fixture is named the home team and chooses the venue for the match, usually its own home ground. In the event of a game ending in a draw, the venue for the replay is the home ground of the second club drawn. The semi-final ties are played at a neutral venue; usually Hampden Park in Glasgow. On occasions when Hampden has been unavailable, such as when it was being renovated in the late 1990s and when it was being transformed into an athletics stadium for the 2014 Commonwealth Games, the semi-finals have been hosted at Celtic Park and Ibrox Stadium, also in Glasgow. Hampden Park also usually hosts the final match of the tournament. The venue – across three sites in close proximity bearing the name – has hosted the majority of finals including the first in 1874. Other venues that have hosted the final in the tournament's early years are Hamilton Crescent, Kinning Park and the first Cathkin Park; all in Glasgow (although just outside the city boundaries at the time). The last game of the 1896 tournament is the only final that has been hosted outside Glasgow when rivals Heart of Midlothian and Hibernian played at New Logie Green in Edinburgh. Hampden Park has held world and European records for the highest attendance, some of which were recorded at Scottish Cup games. The 1937 final played between Aberdeen and Celtic attracted a crowd of 147,365 spectators which was a world record for a national cup final and remains a European record.

European qualification
As Scotland is a member of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), the winner of the Scottish Cup qualifies to compete in European-wide competitions organised by UEFA. Between 1960 and 1998, the Scottish Cup winners qualified for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup along with winners of other domestic cup competitions across Europe before it was abolished. The Scottish Cup winners now qualify to compete in the following season's UEFA Europa League (formerly known as the UEFA Cup). It is possible for the Scottish Cup winners to have already qualified for a UEFA competition through their league ranking in the Scottish Premiership. In this scenario, the qualification spot passes to the highest ranked team in that competition not yet qualified, rather than to the Scottish Cup runners-up. Until 2014, the Scottish Cup runners-up qualified for European competition if the cup winners had also qualified for the Champions League.

History

The Scottish Football Association was founded in 1873 and the Scottish Cup was created as an annual competition for its members. The first Scottish Cup match took place on 18 October 1873 when Renton defeated Kilmarnock 2–0 in the first round. In its early years the competition was dominated by Queen's Park who won the final 10 times in the first twenty years. Vale of Leven, Dumbarton and Renton were also successful during this period. In 1885, the record margin of victory in the tournament was recorded when Arbroath defeated Bon Accord 36–0 in a first round match. It was also the highest scoring professional football game recorded in history.

Trophy
The Scottish Cup trophy is the oldest national trophy and also the oldest association football trophy in the world. It was made by silversmith George Edward & Sons in Glasgow and has been presented to the winners of the tournament since 1874. The solid silver trophy is 50 cm in height and weighs 2.25 kg. The original trophy is displayed at the Scottish Football Museum at Hampden Park. It is removed once each year to be cleaned and presented to the tournament winners. After the presentation ceremony, the trophy is returned to the museum. A replica of the original trophy is given to the tournament winners after the ceremony and is also used for promotional purposes.

By club
A total of 34 clubs have appeared in the final, of whom 25 have won the competition. The most successful club in terms of wins and appearances in the final is Celtic, with 42 wins from 61. Rangers have finished runners-up on more occasions than any other club with 19 defeats in the final. The most recent winner is Celtic, who defeated Rangers 1–0 in the 2024 final.

Domestic double and treble
Clubs that win the Scottish Cup can complete a domestic "double" by becoming Scottish league champions in the same season. Only three clubs have won both competitions in the same season. Celtic have completed the domestic league and Scottish Cup double on 19 occasions, followed by Rangers on 18. The only other Scottish club to achieve this feat was Aberdeen, in 1983–84. Since the creation of the Scottish League Cup in 1947, clubs can complete a domestic treble by also winning this tournament in the same season. Celtic have achieved this feat on eight occasions, a world record achieved in 2023. Celtic won four consecutive domestic trebles ("quadruple treble") in 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19 and 2019–20. No team had previously won consecutive trebles.

Cup "shocks"
Some clubs have become renowned for eliminating higher ranked clubs from the tournament despite being underdogs. Division Two club East Fife won the tournament in 1938 by defeating Division One club Kilmarnock, the first team from outside the top-tier of league football to win the trophy. East Fife had previously reached the final in 1927 after eliminating three higher ranked clubs in the preceding rounds. Hibernian became the second tier-two side to win the cup as they defeated Rangers, who were also then in the second tier, in the 2016 final. Only one other club from outside the top-tier of league football has won the competition; non-league Queen's Park defeated Celtic in the 1893 final. Several other clubs have reached the final whilst competing outside the top-tier of league football, but were defeated in the final. These include Dumbarton, Kilmarnock, Airdrieonians, Falkirk (twice), Gretna, Queen of the South, Ross County, Hearts and Inverness Caledonian Thistle.

In the rounds before the final some notable shocks have occurred. In 1959, Dundee were eliminated by Highland League club Fraserburgh despite having Scotland internationals in their squad. A season later, Eyemouth United reached the quarter-finals after defeating two higher league clubs. In 1967, Berwick Rangers eliminated defending champions Rangers in the first round.

Celtic's shock defeat by First Division club Inverness Caledonian Thistle in 2000 led to the famous newspaper headline "Super Caley go ballistic, Celtic are atrocious". In the 2020–21 competition Highland League club Brora Rangers knocked out Championship leaders Heart of Midlothian, who had been runners-up in each of the two previous seasons. Cup holders St Johnstone were knocked out by League Two (fourth tier) club Kelty Hearts in 2021–22.

Drumchapel United of the West of Scotland First Division, a seventh tier league in the Scottish pyramid, defeated League One side (third tier) Edinburgh in the 2022–23 edition. This was the biggest statistical cup shock in the history of the competition, with 62 places separating the teams in the leagues at the time. Later in that season West of Scotland Premier Division (sixth tier) side Darvel knocked out Premiership club Aberdeen, with 56 places separating the two teams.

Other results regarded as shocks include Stenhousemuir's win against Aberdeen in 1995 and Albion Rovers' defeat of Motherwell in 2013.

Sponsorship
The Scottish Cup has been sponsored several times since the first organisation backed the tournament in 1983. The sponsor has been able to determine the name of the competition. There have been four sponsors since 1983 as well as several name changes within the duration of each sponsorship. The competition relies on revenue earned from these agreements although it ran without a title sponsor for over 100 years until the late 1980s.

The Scottish Health Education Group was the first organisation to sponsor the Scottish Cup in 1983 with the largest sponsorship package in Scottish football at the time, worth around £200,000. The partnership was praised for the promotion of a healthy lifestyle linked with football. The deal ended in 1989 when Tennent Caledonian Breweries won the sponsorship rights. Tennent's association with the tournament raised the debate about alcohol sponsorship within sports following the riots at the 1980 Scottish Cup Final which resulted in the sale of alcohol being banned at Scottish sporting events. Despite this controversy, the partnership was largely successful and lasted 18 years until 2007. The SFA received around £25 million over the duration of the sponsorship deal. The Scottish Government in association with businessman Willie Haughey sponsored the Scottish Cup between 2008 and 2010. The 2008–09 competition was known as the Homecoming Scottish Cup to promote Scotland's year of homecoming and tourism. The 2009–10 competition was known the Active Nation Scottish Cup to promote a healthy living through football. Carling was an additional sponsor between 2010 and 2014 as the competition's official beer.

Media coverage
Scottish Cup matches are currently broadcast live by both BBC Scotland in Scotland and Premier Sports across the rest of the United Kingdom.

BBC Radio Scotland provide radio coverage including several full live commentaries with additional commentaries broadcast on Radio Scotland's local frequencies. Radio broadcasting rights are also held by BBC Radio nan Gàidheal and BBC Radio 5 Live also carry some games.

The Scottish FA sells overseas rights separately from their domestic contract. In Australia, the Scottish Cup is broadcast exclusively by Network 10, Paramount+. In the United States, the tournament is broadcast by ESPN.

The Scottish Cup Final is one of several events reserved for live broadcast in Scotland terrestrial television under the Ofcom Code on Sports and Other Listed and Designated Events.

title: Scottish Cup


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/February 23, 2004

The Irish Houses of Parliament was the world's first purpose-built two-chamber parliament house. It served as the seat of both chambers of the Irish parliament of the Kingdom of Ireland for most of the eighteenth century until that parliament was abolished in the Irish Act of Union in 1800. (more...)

Recently featured: Mozart - Electoral College - Rudyard Kipling

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/February 24, 2004

Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman military and political leader whose conquest of Gallia Comata extended the Roman world all the way to the Atlantic Ocean and introduced Roman influence into what is now France. His dramatic assassination on the Ides of March became the catalyst of a second set of Roman civil wars, which became the twilight of the Roman Republic and the dawn of the Roman Empire. (more...)

Recently featured: Irish Houses of Parliament - Mozart - U.S. Electoral College


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Template:Todo1-9

Template:Todo1 and Template:Todo9 was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was keep (for now)

Template:Todo1 and Template:Todo9 seem redundant with Template:Todo; it's unclear how they might be useful. This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. --Eequor 08:37, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep for now. The To-do facility is still in its infancy. Let's keep working on it in Template_talk:Todo. Pcarbonn can probably explain what these are for. -- Netoholic 08:41, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Hang on for a while.   — Chameleon Main/Talk/Images 13:39, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/February 25, 2004

Oxyrhynchus is an archaeological site in Egypt, one of the most important ever discovered. For the past century the area around Oxyrhynchus has been continuously excavated, yielding an enormous collection of papyrus texts from the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods of Egyptian history. Among the texts discovered at Oxyrhynchus are plays of Menander and the so-called Gospel of Thomas, an important early Christian document. (more...)

Recently featured: Julius Caesar - Irish Houses of Parliament - Mozart


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/February 26, 2004

Bible codes, also known as Torah codes, are meaningful words and phrases that some people believe exist intentionally in coded form in the text of the Bible, while others contend that they can be found in any long text (including Moby Dick). The primary method used to find such words is the Equidistant Letter Sequence (ELS). To extract an ELS from a text, choose a starting point (any letter) and a skip (a number, possibly negative). The 13th century Spanish rabbi Bachya ben Asher was the first to describe an ELS in the Bible. (more...)

Recently featured: Oxyrhynchus - Julius Caesar - Irish Houses of Parliament


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/February 27, 2004

Psychosis is a psychiatric classification for a mental state in which the perception of reality is distorted. Persons experiencing a psychotic episode may experience hallucinations (often auditory or visual hallucinations), hold paranoid or delusional beliefs and exhibit disorganized thinking (see thought disorder). This is often accompanied by a lack of insight into the unusual or bizarre nature of their behaviour. (more...)

Recently featured: Bible codes - Oxyrhynchus - Julius Caesar


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/February 28, 2004

The periodic table of the chemical elements is a display of known chemical elements arranged by electron structure. The German Lothar Meyer and the Russian chemist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev almost simultaneously developed the first periodic table by arranging the elements by atomic mass. (more...)

Recently featured: Psychosis - Bible codes - Oxyrhynchus


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/February 29, 2004

LSD is a powerful synthetic hallucinogen and psychedelic entheogen originally derived from ergot fungus. It is typically delivered orally as a clear, odorless, tasteless liquid, usually on a substrate such as absorbent blotter paper, a sugarcube, or gelatin, although it is also possible to deliver it via food or drink. It is an abbreviation of the German term for the compound, Lyserg-Säure-Diäthylamid. (more...)

Recently featured: Periodic table - Psychosis - Bible codes


text:
Kevin Wheatley

Kevin Arthur "Dasher" Wheatley, VC (13 March 1937 – 13 November 1965) was an Australian soldier and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Wheatley was one of four Australians to receive the award for actions during the Vietnam War.

Early years
Wheatley was born in the Sydney suburb of Surry Hills on 13 March 1937, the third child of Raymond and Ivy (née Newman) Wheatley, both natives of Sydney. He was educated at Maroubra Junction Junior Technical School. Upon completing his schooling, Wheatley worked as a labourer in Sydney. On 20 July 1954, aged 17, he married Edna Davis; together they had four children. He was a keen rugby player, and he earned the nickname of "Dasher" on the field.

Military service
On 12 June 1956, at the age of 19, Wheatley enlisted in the Australian Army and after completing basic training he was allocated to the Royal Australian Infantry Corps and posted to the 4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment. Early the following year, he was posted to the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment and he subsequently served a tour of Malaya between late 1957 and early 1959, during the Malayan Emergency. After his return to Australia, Wheatley served a posting with the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment in 1959–61 and then the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment from 1961 to 1965. He was promoted twice in 1964, firstly to sergeant and then warrant officer. In early 1965, he was posted to the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam and deployed to South Vietnam.

Early in his tour he was involved in an action with Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) regular troops in Quảng Trị Province. During the fighting, a child ran across the battlefield. Seeing the danger, Wheatley ran after the girl through the cross fire and brought her back to safety, using his own body to shield her. Later, in August 1965, during an attack on a Viet Cong (VC) held village Wheatley was recommended for an award by a US infantry advisor after he single-handedly exploited the position, carrying the attack up a steep slope as the VC forces withdrew. The recommendation was not acted upon at the time, however, and in September Wheatley was transferred to another team, known as the "A Team", who were part of the 5th Special Forces Group. Under the command of Captain Felix Fazekas, the team operated around the village of Tra Bong.

Tra Bong was very isolated, with only a single road providing access. On 13 November, after this road had been captured by the VC, a group of Australian advisors, including Wheatley accompanied a company from the Civil Irregular Defence Group (CIDG) on a "search and destroy mission". Wheatley was assigned to one of the platoons with a fellow warrant officer, Ron Swanton. As the platoon advanced through rice paddies in the vicinity of Binh Hoa, they came under heavy fire from a larger VC force. In the ensuing fighting, Swanton was mortally wounded. As the situation grew more intense, Wheatley requested support from Fazekas and a medical evacuation for Swanton. When his platoon began to scatter, Wheatley carried the wounded Swanton to a safer area as Fazekas moved his troops to support. As the VC closed around his position, Wheatley insisted on staying with Swanton even though he was urged to leave by medical personnel. Wheatley was subsequently killed while defending his comrade.

Victoria Cross citation
Wheatley was 28 years old, and a warrant officer in the Australian Army Training Team when he performed the deed for which he was later awarded the VC. The citation in the London Gazette, which announced Wheatley's award on 15 December 1966 reads:

"The Queen has been graciously pleased on advice of Her Majesty's Australian Ministers to approve the Posthumous award of the VICTORIA CROSS to:

29890 Warrant Officer Class II Kevin Arthur Wheatley, Australian Army; Training Team Vietnam.

Warrant Officer Wheatley enlisted in the Australian Regular Army in 1956. He served in Malaya with 3rd Battalion, The Royal Australian Regiment from 1957 to 1959 and then with 2nd and 1st Battalions of the Regiment until 1965 when he was posted to the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam.

His posting in this area has been distinguished by meritorious and gallant service.

On 13 November 1965 at approximately 13:00 hours, a Vietnamese Civil Irregular Defence Group company commenced a search and destroy operation in the Tra Bong valley, 15 km east of Tra Bong Special Forces camp in Quang Ngai Province. Accompanying the force were Captain F. Fazekas, senior Australian Advisor, with the centre platoon, and Warrant Officers K. A. Wheatley and R. J. Swanton with the right hand platoon. At about 1340 hours, Warrant Officer Wheatley reported contact with Viet Cong elements. The Viet Cong resistance increased in strength until finally Warrant Officer Wheatley asked for assistance. Captain Fazekas immediately organised the centre platoon to help and personally led and fought towards the action area. While moving towards this area he received another radio message from Warrant Officer Wheatley to say that Warrant Officer Swanton had been hit in the chest, and requested an air strike and an aircraft, for the evacuation of casualties. At about this time the right platoon broke in the face of heavy Viet Cong fire and began to scatter. Although told by the Civil Irregular Defence Group medical assistant that Warrant Officer Swanton was dying, Warrant Officer Wheatley refused to abandon him. He discarded his radio to enable him to half drag, half carry Warrant Officer Swanton, under heavy machine-gun and automatic rifle fire, out of the open rice paddies into the comparative safety of a wooded area, some 200 metres away. He was assisted by a Civil Irregular Defence Group member, Private Dinh Do who, when the Viet Cong were only some ten metres away, urged him to leave his dying comrade. Again he refused, and was seen to pull the pins from two grenades and calmly awaited the Viet Cong, holding one grenade in each hand. Shortly afterwards, two grenade explosions were heard, followed by several bursts of small arms fire.

The two bodies were found at first light next morning after the fighting had ceased, with Warrant Officer Wheatley lying beside Warrant Officer Swanton. Both had died of gunshot wounds.

Warrant Officer Wheatley displayed magnificent courage in the face of an overwhelming Viet Cong force which was later estimated at more than a company. He had the clear choice of abandoning a wounded comrade and saving himself by escaping through the dense timber or of staying with Warrant Officer Swanton and thereby facing certain death. He deliberately chose the latter course. His acts of heroism, determination and unflinching loyalty in the face of the enemy will always stand as examples of the true meaning of valour."

For his leadership of the attack on the Viet Cong-held village in August 1965, Wheatley was nominated for the US Silver Star, but the award was delayed due to Australian policies regarding the acceptance of foreign awards. The award was finally approved and presented to his son, George, in December 2021. Additionally, the South Vietnamese awarded Wheatley the Knight of the National Order of Vietnam, the Military Merit Medal and the Cross of Gallantry with Palm. Wheatley's award was one of four Victoria Crosses bestowed upon members of the AATTV and was the first awarded to an Australian during the Vietnam War.

Wheatley was buried at Pine Grove Memorial Park in the Western Sydney suburb of Minchinbury. His Victoria Cross is on display at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, having been donated in 1993.

The stadium in the 1st Australian Support Compound at Vũng Tàu, South Vietnam was named in his honour.

title: Kevin Wheatley


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/First Bible Stories

First Bible Stories was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was delete

This entry consists of three somewhat POV lines giving publishing details of a non-notable children's book published by Backpack Books in 2003, plus a list of chapter headings. I reckon it's an advertisement. After trying various combinations, I found the same title+ISBN at barnesandnoble.com, where the year is given as 2002 and the editor named as "The Staff of Barnes & Noble" (!)--a different edition, a different book? I found no trace of a Backpack Books issue of the title in 2003 (excepting always the good old Wikipedia article googlehit), but then searching is a bit hampered by First Bible Stories, as such, being all over the place. (Hey, maybe we need an article on this category of children's books?) In any case, I suggest delete as advertising.--Bishonen 08:41, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. This is no more an ad than any other stub about a book. Temp Tom 08:55, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * This presumably is the author whose contributions include removing the vfd notice from the page (a big no-no). Suggest the author goes to welcome, newcomers. Dunc_Harris|☺ 10:02, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * No, the original author appears to be User:AntonioMartin. Dunc_Harris|☺ 10:04, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * ignore this vote. sockpuppet acct. --Jiang 10:48, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - advert. Dunc_Harris|☺ 10:02, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. No evidence that the book is in any way notable. Andrewa 10:49, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: non-notable: how many bible-story books can there be anyway? Do we need the Bible rehashed as a chapter list in articles for them all? TPK 11:41, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete & start again: The trouble with making a clear delete strike here is that this particular title belongs not not one book.  There are many, many books in the genre, and more than one has taken this title.  As Bishonen says, an article like Children's Bibles or similar could mention notable titles and discuss somewhat how this genre began.  Before there were fictions for children (1749), there were children's Bible stories. Geogre 12:03, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete.   — Chameleon Main/Talk/Images 13:43, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Not advertisement as I dont go for that, real book, not POV, and I find it interesting so someone else must too. "Antonio Yo Quiero Sexo Bell! Martin"
 * But, Antonio, how can anybody find the book interesting as long as the article doesn't tell us anything interesting about it? The interestingness doesn't do the reader any good if it stays in your head. Put it in the article. Bishonen Quiere Sexy Antonio Martin 14:29, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Ambi 01:20, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete as non-notable. Honestly, have you seen any other articles that were nothing but chapter lists?  I mean, don't you want the Wikipedia to be a good encyclopedia?  How does an article like that help?  --Ardonik 05:23, 2004 Aug 8 (UTC)
 * Delete. I thought I was going to read something about the J and E stories of the documentary hypothesis, and instead all I saw was this... Fire Star 15:09, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment I wanted to vote "delete." I was ready to vote "delete." I applied my own notability test, which is that the Amazon sales rank exceed 0.5 * the number of articles in Wikipedia (i.e. greater than 160,000). It's not sold by Amazon. It is sold by http://www.bn.com . Barnes and Noble gives it a "Barnes and Noble sales rank" of 7,725. This needs to be explained somehow. Maybe the Barnes and Noble brick-and-mortar stores have it stacked high on a table near the checkout line. Or maybe it ranks 7,725 among illustrated religious books for children. I don't know. I don't move in Christian-kiddy-lit circles. If nobody can explain this sales rank away, I'm open to the possibility that this might actually be a genuinely notable book. The article is still unacceptably full of promotional and POV language. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 15:20, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I'll have a shot at explaining it away, Dpbsmith, even though I can't find any actual sales figures to use in illustration, and I'm very sorry for boring everybody. But this is the principle: I don't think a bn sales rank of 7,725 for a book published by bn means that much. See, this book doesn't just happen to not be stocked by Amazon. The reason it's not available through Amazon is that it's a bn book, produced by bn, sold by bn and noone else. Since real book sales figures seem to be a big secret, I'll just make up a reasonable example, based on the fact that although bn is a big outfit, compared to Amazon it's small potatoes. Say that bn sells 10 books where Amazon sells 100. OK? Now say that First Bible Stories (ed. bn) and Kiddy Bible (ed. anon) are both reasonably popular, each selling 10,000 copies/year. Kiddy Bible is sold everywhere, so out of those 10,000, 8,000 copies are sold through Amazon, 800 through bn, and the remaining 1,200 copies through Christianbooks.com and other outlets.  On the other hand, out of the 10,000 annual copies testifying to the equal popularity of First Bible Stories, every single one is sold through bn. OK? Now look at the resulting bn sales ranks for the two books:
 * Kiddy Bible: 800 copies. Rank: 456,789
 * First Bible Stories: Wow, 10,000 copies! Rank: 7,725
 * Talk about outranking! And, always keeping in mind that this is a book published by bn, the table near the check-out line sounds good too.--Bishonen 19:02, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Besides the table at the door, don't forget price: sold-only-by-publisher means that the marketing expenses are zilch; combine this with either public-domain/copyright-expired content, or a labor-of-love text by a vanity author (50 bible stories in the re-imagined style of the one the missing parent read in the fragmentary memory of a sole (warm?) interaction before disappearing forever?!), and the publisher-retailer can run off 10,000 copies on their own presses on the day they would otherwise be idle because of, say, a temporary injunction against a borderline-libelous memoir, without changing other schedules.  Those 10K can be quickly sold at a ridiculously low price (making a razor-thin profit margin) by making them look like an incredible bargain. The result is a big seller no more notable than the test marketing of 10K boxes of a non-starter breakfast cereal with, say, marshmallows in the shape of the star of a cartoon that sank without a trace in the first weekend. --Jerzy(t) 16:57, 2004 Aug 10 (UTC)
 * Considering casting a "Keep" vote: Aren't all cereals and cartoons notable?! --NoddaZogBubbid

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. I think Ardonik said it best. Skyler 03:19, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Del. Not notable. --Jerzy(t) 16:57, 2004 Aug 10 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable in the slightest.  Postdlf 03:31, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Technomad

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for Alex DeLarge. I really enjoyed the article. It had been a while since seeing the movie, so the article brought back vivid memories. As a new member of Wikipedia, you might like to start by reading the tutorial and introducing yourself at the new users page. Two useful tips are that you can sign your name using four tildes ( ~ ) and you can practice editing by using the Sandbox. You can regularly find new tips on the Community Portal. I look forward to reading your great articles and I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. If you have any questions, you can ask at the help desk or on my talk page. :-) SWAdair | Talk 08:45, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Jenit Sulla
Hi. Please see Talk:Jenit Sulla for discussion of Sulla's notability within the Warhammer 40,000 universe. Cheers --Pak21 09:03, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Tumbleweeds
Hi, i just reverted your changes to Tumbleweeds, as they seemed to be vandalism- not written seriously, and also putting down a lot of the characters. If you have any questions, please talk to me on my talk page. Thanks--  Cat tleG irl  '' talk 02:30, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I would like to point out that the actual descriptions of the Tumbleweeds characters (at www.tumbleweeds.com) are written in much the same style I used---I was trying to paraphrase T.K. Ryan's own words without using them directly. As I understand it, using Ryan's own phrasing would constitute copyright violation, but paraphrasis is allowed. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Technomad (talk • contribs).

 * That's fine, but the reason I reverted the changes was that the entry was not written in an encyclopedic manner- for example 'The Sheriff is the town lawman. He is assisted by a deputy named "Knuckles," who is incredibly stupid.' However if you rephrased this, it would be fine, as well as maybe putting in some comments about why the Sheriff is notable, etc. Other than that, the edits do have potential, I just think that you need to rephrase them and perhaps expand them a little.  Cat tleG irl  '' talk 02:56, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

Mitchell Smith
Thank you for your suggestion. When you feel an article needs improvement, please feel free to make those changes. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the  link at the top. The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold in updating pages. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes — they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills. New contributors are always welcome. You don't even need to log in (although there are many reasons why you might want to). Stifle (talk) 10:28, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Peter and Max: A Fables Novel

The article Peter and Max: A Fables Novel has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * not clear how this meets guidelines for inclusion.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the Proposed Deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The Speedy Deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and Articles for Deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. RadioFan (talk) 14:54, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello Technomad! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot notifying you on behalf of the the unreferenced biographies team that 1 of the articles that you created  is currently tagged as an Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. The biographies of living persons policy requires that all personal or potentially controversial information be sourced. In addition, to ensure verifiability, all biographies should be based on reliable sources. If you were to bring this article up to standards, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 02:47, 19 August 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Laird Koenig -

Nomination of Half Hitch (comic strip) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Half Hitch (comic strip) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Half Hitch (comic strip) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Not your siblings' deletionist (talk) 01:41, 3 July 2011 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Buckskinning

The article Buckskinning has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Buckskinning is an important hobby for many to be sure. The article was original research in 2008. A search today turns up blogs and people trying to sell magazines, books, and gear, but I saw no reliable independent sources."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Rhadow (talk) 00:53, 16 November 2017 (UTC)

Nomination of Buckskinning for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Buckskinning is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Buckskinning until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Rhadow (talk) 13:42, 19 November 2017 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Kleggs

The article Kleggs has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Fictional race/group. No evidence of stand-alone notability. Not a shred of analysis. Pure WP:PLOT and list of appearances in media. Fails GNG/NFICTION."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 05:35, 26 November 2019 (UTC)

Nomination of Kleggs for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Kleggs is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Kleggs until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 03:30, 28 November 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Princess Eilonwy

The article Princess Eilonwy has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Fails WP:GNG."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. TTN (talk) 04:00, 8 December 2019 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Fabletown

The article Fabletown has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Fails WP:GNG."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. TTN (talk) 02:16, 7 May 2021 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Marcus Corvinus (fictional character)

The article Marcus Corvinus (fictional character) has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Fails WP:GNG."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Avilich (talk) 21:08, 15 November 2021 (UTC)

Nomination of Melniboné for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Melniboné is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Melniboné& until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 13:23, 19 February 2022 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Tom Hagen

The article Tom Hagen has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Fails notability"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion.

''' This bot DID NOT nominate any of your contributions for deletion; please refer to the history of each individual page for details. ''' Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 10:01, 21 March 2022 (UTC)

Videssos
Courtesy note that I've redirected your old unreferenced article to Videssos cycle (which now has some references and goes beyond a simple plot summary). Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 09:59, 14 August 2022 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Fflewddur Fflam

The article Fflewddur Fflam has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "The coverage (references, external links, etc.) does not seem sufficient to justify this article passing General notability guideline nor the more detailed Notability (fiction) supplementary essay. WP:BEFORE did not reveal any significant coverage on Gnews, Gbooks or Gscholar. If you disagree and deprod this, please explain how it meets them on the talk page here in the form of 'This article meets criteria A and B because...' and ping me back through WP:ECHO or by leaving a note at User talk:Piotrus. Thank you. PS. Note to closer: consisder redirectign this to The Chronicles of Prydain rather than outright deleting. TIA."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 08:43, 19 August 2022 (UTC)

Nomination of Fflewddur Fflam for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Fflewddur Fflam is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Fflewddur Fflam until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. BrigadierG (talk) 12:30, 19 August 2022 (UTC)

"Post-holocaust" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Post-holocaust and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. BDD (talk) 17:09, 21 December 2022 (UTC)

Nomination of Fat Freddy's Cat for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Fat Freddy's Cat is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Fat Freddy's Cat until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article until the discussion has finished. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 14:28, 15 December 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Technomad


text:
Talk:Savitribai Phule Pune University

Re copyright
I am the copyright holder and want to release the text. 196.1.114.14 08:46, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I have sent a confirmation of permission to webmaster [at] unipune [dot] ernet [dot] in to verify this statement. In the meantime, please do not remove the copyvio notice or revert to the allegedly copyvio version. --Diberri | Talk 05:03, Aug 10, 2004 (UTC)

 * I have received a statement from the webmaster verifying that User:196.1.114.14 is the copyright holder. This text is thus released into the GFDL and is no longer considered a copyvio. I've updated Copyright problems accordingly. --Diberri | Talk 14:08, Aug 10, 2004 (UTC)

Library link off University's home page
I just noticed that the link on the University's home page to the library is not working. For me, it yields "test page." I emailed four parties from the "contact us" page, one of which immediately bounced. If you are better able than me to contact someone who can fix this problem, I'd be most appreciative. Kind Regards, Keesiewonder 14:20, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Still no response to my email correspondence to the University. The link to the Library on the University's page remains broken. No response on this talk page. :-( ... Keesiewonder 12:09, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Proposed merger of Department of Technology Pune University into University of Pune
Support this merger (proposed by another editor), as there is no indication that the department is notable enough to satisfy WP:UNIGUIDE. Pam D  08:35, 13 October 2013 (UTC)

No indication that the department is sufficiently notable for an article. No independent sources. (Merge was proposed by an earlier editor, who didn't add this template) Pam  D  17:03, 20 October 2013 (UTC)

Source for change of name
Please will someone provide a reference to support the change of name - the University's website does not show a new name, and no other source has been provided. Thanks. Pam D  21:46, 8 July 2014 (UTC)

Recent issues section
The recent issues section though informative hardly fits into what a wikipedia page entry about a university should be. See the article structure of a university page here for what the structure of a university page must be. Given that information, I will remove the recent issues section. MSheshera (talk) 10:22, 28 April 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Savitribai Phule Pune University


text:
Emigrate (band)

Emigrate is an industrial metal band formed in 2005 by Richard Kruspe of Rammstein as a side project. The band was formed in New York City and later relocated to Berlin. They have released four studio albums, with several musicians contributing to their recordings. Emigrate is a studio band, and have therefore never performed live.

Formation and debut album (2000–2010)
During the recording of Rammstein's third studio album, Mutter, in 2000, tension and frustration within the band led Richard Kruspe to the idea of forming a side project where he could maintain full creative control. Kruspe relocated from Berlin to New York City in 2001 and officially formed Emigrate in 2005, during Rammstein's break. The guitarist started writing songs with his then-wife, Caron Bernstein, and recruited guitarist and producer Olsen Involtini, bassist Arnaud Giroux and Clawfinger drummer Henka Johansson for the recording of their self-titled debut album. In September 2006, samples for the songs "My World", "Babe" and "Temptation" off the band's upcoming album were made available online. On 27 July 2007, Kruspe made an appearance on Iron Maiden vocalist Bruce Dickinson's radio show on BBC in promotion of their debut album. Emigrate was released on 31 August 2007 and co-produced by long-time Rammstein collaborater Jacob Hellner. The single "My World" was later included in the soundtrack for Resident Evil: Extinction and a video for the song featured footage from the movie. The single "New York City" was released in October 2007. Kruspe put Emigrate on hiatus following Rammstein's decision to reunite and start work on their new studio album in 2007. A final single off the Emigrate's debut album, "Temptation" was released in March 2008. Kruspe focused full-time on Rammstein for the next three years.

Silent So Long and A Million Degrees (2011–2019)
In 2011, Kruspe moved back to Berlin. In June of that year, Joe Letz, who had appeared in the band's video for "My World" as a drummer, announced on social media that Kruspe had been working on a new album. In December 2012, an announcement made on Emigrate's Facebook page announced that studio sessions had been scheduled for the following month for the recording of an untitled sophomore album. In January 2013, Kruspe stated on social media that drums were being mixed for the new record. In January 2014, Kruspe announced that twenty tracks had been recorded for the album and that mixing would be performed in Los Angeles alongside Ben Grosse, with a projected release in the summer of 2014. On 7 March, 2014, Kruspe announced that work on the band's second album was completed. On July 22, 2014, a post was made to Emigrate's official Facebook page with a teaser trailer to Emigrate's new album, titled Silent So Long and an official release date of 17 October, 2014. Silent So Long was released on 9 December, 2014, and featured Mikko Sirén as the band's new drummer, in addition to guest vocals from Lemmy, Marilyn Manson, Jonathan Davis and Peaches.

On July 26, 2018, a post on the band's official Facebook page announced the upcoming filming of a new music video with guests Benjamin Kowalewicz and Ian D'Sa of Billy Talent, inviting applicants to participate in the video. The music video for the single "1234" was released on October 18. Emigrate's third album, A Million Degrees, was released on November 30, 2018, and featured Kowalewicz, Till Lindemann and Cardinal Copia as guest vocalists, in addition to production and instrumental contributions by Sky van Hoff. Kruspe revealed in interviews that he was forced to re-record the album following a flooding in his studio that destroyed his hard drives in 2016. The videos for the album's singles "You Are So Beautiful" and "War" was released on November 30, 2018 and March 5, 2019, respectively.

The Persistence of Memory (2020–present)
Following Rammstein's stadium tour in 2019 and during the COVID-19 pandemic, Kruspe began work on Emigrate's fourth studio album, featuring songs written and recorded before the release of their debut album. The album The Persistence of Memory was released on November 12, 2021 and produced by Kruspe, van Hoff and Olsen Involtini.

Current members

 * Richard Kruspe – lead guitar, lead vocals, keyboards, electronics (2005–present)
 * Arnaud Giroux – bass, backing vocals (2005–present)
 * Mikko Sirén – drums (2013–present)
 * Sky van Hoff – bass, synthesizer (2018–present)

Former members

 * Henka Johansson – drums (2005–2008) and on The Persistence of Memory (2021)
 * Olsen Involtini – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2005–2018)

Contributors

 * Joe Letz – music video performer (2007–2021)
 * Andrea Marino – music video performer (2021)
 * Alice Lane – music video performer (2021)
 * Caron Bernstein – lyrics on Emigrate and The Persistence of Memory
 * Margaux Bossieux – backing vocals on Emigrate, lyrics and vocals on Silent So Long, songwriter, lyrics and vocals on A Million Degrees, backing vocals on The Persistence of Memory
 * Grace Risch – backing vocals on Emigrate
 * Ruth Renner – backing vocals on Emigrate
 * Sascha Moser – programming on Emigrate
 * Frank Dellé – vocals on Silent So Long
 * Peaches – vocals on Silent So Long
 * Lemmy – vocals on Silent So Long
 * Marilyn Manson – vocals on Silent So Long
 * Jonathan Davis – vocals on Silent So Long
 * Terry Matlin – lyrics on Silent So Long, A Million Degrees and The Persistence of Memory
 * Thomas Borman – lyrics on Silent So Long and A Million Degrees
 * Benjamin Kowalewicz – vocals on A Million Degrees
 * Till Lindemann – lyrics and vocals on A Million Degrees, vocals on The Persistence of Memory
 * Cardinal Copia – vocals on A Million Degrees
 * Meral Al Me – backing vocals on A Million Degrees
 * Kriss Jacob – backing vocals on A Million Degrees
 * Steve Binetti – lead guitar on A Million Degrees
 * Ghøstkid – backing vocals on The Persistence of Memory
 * Marcel Caccamese – backing vocals on The Persistence of Memory
 * Matthias Schmitt – backing vocals on The Persistence of Memory
 * Maxim Alaska Kruspe Bossieux – backing vocals on The Persistence of Memory
 * Ufo Walter – bass on The Persistence of Memory
 * Jens Dreesen – drums on The Persistence of Memory
 * Leon Pfeiffer – percussion on The Persistence of Memory

Discography

 * Emigrate (2007)
 * Silent So Long (2014)
 * A Million Degrees (2018)
 * The Persistence of Memory (2021)

title: Emigrate (band)


text:
User:Pjf

Hi, I'm Paul Fenwick (in many places, just pjf). I nominally live in Melbourne, and run Perl Training Australia.

 * Twitter
 * Facebook

= Spoken Articles =

 * Larry Wall
 * Bidet

If you're here, then you must be bored. Here's a picture for entertainment:

If you're still reading, then maybe you're looking for something to do? Try one of these:

title: User:Pjf


text: Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 2004


text: Wikipedia:Today's featured article/October 2004


text: Wikipedia:Today's featured article/November 2004


text: Wikipedia:Today's featured article/December 2004


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 1, 2004

Under English common law, a common scold was a species of public nuisance—a troublesome and angry woman who broke the public peace by habitually arguing and quarrelling with her neighbours. The Latin name for the offender, communis rixatrix, appears in the feminine gender, and makes it clear that only women could commit this crime. The prescribed penalty for this offence involved dunking the convicted offender in water in an instrument called the cucking stool, which by folk etymology became ducking stool. The stool consisted of a chair attached to a lever, suspended over a body of water; the prisoner was strapped into the chair and dunked into the water for her punishment. (more...)

Recently featured: Ferdinand Magellan – Tank – Traditional counties of England


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 2, 2004

Laika was one of the Russian space dogs and the first living being to enter orbit, as a passenger on Sputnik 2, a Soviet spacecraft. Some classify her as the first animal to enter space, although other animals had entered space during sub-orbital flights on previous missions. Laika was found as a stray wandering the streets of Moscow, a female part-Samoyed terrier weighing approximately 6 kg (13 lb). Laika died on November 4, 1957, a few hours after launch, due to stress and overheating. Her true cause of death was not made public until years after the flight, with officials always stating that she was either euthanized by poisoned food or died when the oxygen supply ran out. Russian officials have since expressed regret for allowing Laika to die; to this date, Laika is the only living passenger ever to have been launched into space without the intention of retrieval. (more...)

Recently featured: Common scold – Ferdinand Magellan – Tank


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 3, 2004

The Behistun Inscription is to cuneiform what the Rosetta Stone is to Egyptian hieroglyphs: the document most crucial in the decipherment of a previously lost script. The inscription is approximately 15 metres high by 25 metres wide, and 100 metres up a cliff from an ancient road connecting the capitals of Babylonia and Media (Babylon and Ecbatana). It is extremely inaccessible as the mountainside was removed to make the inscription more visible after its completion. The text itself is a statement by Darius I of Persia, written three times in three different scripts and languages: two languages side by side, Old Persian and Elamite, and Akkadian above them. (more...)

Recently featured: Laika – Common scold – Ferdinand Magellan


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 4, 2004

In computer security, PaX is a patch for the Linux kernel that implements least privilege protections for memory pages. This approach allows computer programs to do only what they have to be able to do to execute properly, and nothing more. PaX flags data memory as non-executable and program memory as non-writable; and randomly arranges the program memory. This effectively prevents many security exploits, such as those stemming from buffer overflows. The former prevents direct code injection absolutely; while the latter makes so-called return-to-libc (ret2libc) attacks indeterminate, relying on luck to succeed. PaX was first released in the year 2000. (more...)

Recently featured: Behistun Inscription – Laika – Common scold


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 5, 2004

Anno Domini (Latin for "In the Year of the Lord"; commonly abbreviated AD) refers to the conventional numbering of years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It defines an epoch based on the traditionally reckoned year of the birth of Jesus. Years before the epoch were denoted a.C.n. (for Ante Christum Natum, Latin for "before the birth of Christ"), although BC (Before Christ) is now usually used in English. The Anno Domini era is the only system in everyday use in the Western hemisphere, and the main system for commercial and scientific use in the rest of the world. Some non-Christians or secular persons, however, object to a system based upon an event in the Christian faith; for this reason, the same epoch is also referred to as the Common Era, abbreviated CE. (more...)

Recently featured: PaX – Behistun Inscription – Laika


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 6, 2004

The Warsaw Uprising was an armed struggle during the Second World War by the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw from German occupation and Nazi rule. It started on August 1, 1944 as a part of a nationwide uprising, Operation Tempest. The Polish troops resisted the German-led forces until October 2. An estimated 85% of the city was destroyed during the urban guerrilla war and after the end of hostilities. The Uprising started at a crucial point in the war as the Soviet army was approaching Warsaw. Although the Soviet army was within a few hundred metres of the city from September 16 onward, the link between the uprising and the advancing army was never made. This failure and the reasons behind it have been a matter of controversy ever since. (more...)

Recently featured: Anno Domini – PaX – Behistun Inscription


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 7, 2004

Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes referred to as The Virgin Queen, Elizabeth I was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty, succeeding her half-sister, Mary I. She reigned over a period of deep religious division in English history. Elizabeth's reign is referred to as the Elizabethan era and was marked by several changes in English culture. Elizabeth was a short-tempered, sometimes indecisive ruler. Like her father Henry VIII, she was a writer and poet. She granted Royal Charters to several famous organisations, including Trinity College, Dublin (1592) and the British East India Company (1600). (more...)

Recently featured: Warsaw Uprising – Anno Domini – PaX


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 8, 2004

In prosody, alliterative verse is any of a number of closely related verse forms that are the common inheritance of the older Germanic languages. This was the verse form in which the Old English epic Beowulf was written, as well as most of the other Old English poetry; so were the Bavarian Muspillo and the Old Saxon Heliand. A modified form of alliterative verse is found in the Elder Edda. Alliterative verse exists from the earliest attested monuments of the Germanic languages; extended passages of alliterative verse are attested in Old English, Old Norse, Old High German, and Old Saxon. (more...)

Recently featured: Elizabeth I – Warsaw Uprising – Anno Domini


text:
Talk:Skid Row (Irish band)

Metal band
"In fact, Skid Row was the first metal band to debut an album at #1 (Slave to the Grind)." - This statement is incorrect. Their debut album is self-titled (not Slave to the Grind, which was their 2nd album) as mentioned in the discography at the bottom of the page.

Because of the success of Phil Lynott and Gary Moore I think this should be noted from http://mrdeluxe.tripod.com/hisbot.htm Although Brendan "Brush" Shiels may be a peripheral figure in the realm of rock history, his efforts are highly commendable. While enjoying a lifetime as one of Ireland's best loved entertainers, he has launched the careers of two of the greatest Irish rock stars. Brush was the foundation of an Irish band of the late 60's called Skid Row. Not to be confused with the "hair band" of the 80's led by Sebastian Bach, this Dublin trio wrote rock songs with strong blues guitar parts and folk lyrics. Brush was a bassist, singer and songwriter for most of the tracks, while one of the first lead vocalists was Phil Lynott. Brush "didn't particularly want someone who could sing well," he recalls, "I just wanted someone who looked good. Philip was about the best-looking boy around, and I knew that with him fronting the band we'd get lots of attention from the girls." When Phil was replaced by a 16 year old Gary Moore, Brush took Phil under his wing and taught him to play the bass. Phil soon went on to join a band called Orphanage and by the early 70's he started the internationally famous, Thin Lizzy. In 1970, Skid Row signed a record deal with CBS. Later that year Brush, Gary, and drummer Noel Bridgeman had released thier first album called "Skid" (on CD as Epic/Sony ESCA 5534 [Japan].) Their second album was called "34 Hours," as that was the amount of time it took to record it (Columbia Rewind 480525 2). The last works of the band, recorded just before Gary quit, were not released until 1990. The CD is widely available in American record stores in the Gary Moore section. The early works of the band have also been available since 1983, when they were released under the title "Skid Row" (available on CD as Columbia 477360-2) After spending some time on the road, Brush and Noel returned to Ireland in 1972, where they continued to perform under the name Skid Row. You can also hear Brush and his bass on some tracks recorded by the drug induced Dublin band Dr. Strangely Strange. Brush has always kept the Skid Row name alive, however, and "even went to all the trouble of breeding the guitar player." Indeed it is a musically talented family, as Brush often tours with his son Matthew on guitar and his son Jude on bass and guitar. Brush did not appreciate the American band, launched by Bon Jovi's manager Doc Magee, stealing his band's name. "He could be Doc Marten for all I know...but he's going to get a kick up the arse."

..Now hold it right there people! This is VERY confusing.. I'm right now looking at the American hair band Skid Row album and there's "Slave to the Grind" on it (Bach on vocals). So there is a connection between this Moore band and the American Skid Row?

I'm pretty sure 'Slave to the Grind' IS the American band. The Irish Skid Row's second and only other album was '34 hours'. In fact I suspect this article began as the story of the American band and was later changed to the Irish band. Scolaire 21:40, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

"Skid Row (heavy metal band) named themselves after this band." - Uh, are you sure about that? I seem to recall there was some unpleasantness about the American band using this name. Scolaire 18:55, 9 April 2006 (UTC)

Skid Row - Notes:
1. Skid row was a Dublin band - not Northern Irish, not UK, just Irish. Yes, Gary Moore was from Belfast, but the band was formed in Dublin by Dubliners.

2. Although it was Gary Moore's first band, he was not an original member. I think we have to give credit to the guys who actually formed the band, especially Brush Shiels.

3. I have never read elsewhere that Skid row were "heavily influenced by Peter Green." Moore's playing was considerably wilder than Green's, and their music generally was 'way out' compared with Fleetwood Mac's more traditional blues style.

4. I am deleting the reference to the heavy metal band being named after this group, as I can find no evidence of it. In the original article on the 1989 Skid Row (on this page, before it was reverted) it said: "The band was named after the American term skid row used for the rundown area of a city where alcoholics and vagrants congregated."

5. Although the band's first album has 'Skid Row' across the top, it was actually named 'Skid' - see Amazon.co.uk[]

Scolaire 23:02, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Smiley Bolger
What instrument did Smiley play in Skid Row? Was he in it at the same time as Phil Lynott? (I've asked this in Talk:Smiley Bolger as well.) Scolaire 18:06, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

Inconsistency
It says in this article that Shiels "has always been unhappy at the group 'stealing their name'." However, in the Skid Row article about the US band, it says that the name was purchased. Which is correct? --Bentonia School 04:28, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * According to Sebastian Bach's blog, they purchased the name from Gary Moore after they had already started using the name, so I suppose technically either could be correct. He says, "Back in 1987 when I joined the band, yes it was already called Skid Row. I did not think up the name. But the fact is we bought the name 'Skid Row' from legendary British Guitar hero Gary Moore..." [] ChÿnaDragön 09:44, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

feedback
Gary Moore did not replace Philip Lynott in Skid Row - he replaced original guitarist Bernard Cheevers. The story behind Lynott's departure is that the band performed Strawberry Fields Forever on a pop show on Irish TV while Lynott was suffering from something affecting his voice, and was singing off key as a result. While he was off recuperating, the rest of the band continued to gig and realised that they weren't missing him, so sacked him. Brush then taught Lynott some chords on the bass guitar to make up for this in some way. (Lynott then ended up in a group called Orphanage with Brian Downey, Joe Staunton and Pat Quigley. Lynott and Downey joined Eric Bell and Eric Wrixon to form Thin Lizzy, and Staunton and Quigley went off to form another band I think called Macbeth).Tim the Chaykin fan 18:24, 20 March 2007 (UTC) Tim B —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Tim the Chaykin fan (talk • contribs) 18:22, 20 March 2007 (UTC).

 * OK, so let me get this straight. The original band had Lynott and Bernard Cheevers on guitar, then it was Lynnott and Moore, then Lynott was sacked and they became a trio? Or was Lynott only on vocals and the line-ups were as above?
 * Scolaire 21:42, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

Lynott was only on vocals. Brush was on bass. Cheevers then Moore on guitar. Drummers were Noel Bridgeman and Robbie Brennan. (I think Brennan came in on a temporary basis while Bridgeman was helping Granny's Intentions record an album for Deram). This is covered in more detail in Mark Prendergast's book Irish Rock (amongst other places), which includes vintage photos of the band. I can dig out some more references and info if it would help - just let me know. (This was something I was researching in the early 1990s). Incidentally, I incorrectly referred to Liam Quigley in my notes - I've corrected this to Pat Quigley. (They are brothers: Pat was a musician, Liam was a photographer).

 * Thanks for that. Can you just confirm that Lynott and Moore were in the band at the same time? For how long would that have been? Also can you tell me what years we're talking about here - '67? '68? '69?
 * Scolaire 19:12, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I have found the answers to the above, along with a link, so I have edited the article accordingly. I have also addressed the Inconsistency issue above.
 * BTW can anybody tell me how to make multiple references to the same thing? I have two references pointing to the same Tripod page and I don't know how to do that "a,b,c" thing.
 * Scolaire 15:05, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

You might also check www.brushshiels.com/photogallery.htm - not only does it give further detail re line ups, it also includes vintage photos of them. The Irish Times of 4th January 2007 and The Star (newspaper) of 5th January both report on recently discovered demos by the band from 1968, with Lynott vocals. The Irish Times piece states that Moore is the guitarist, although I wonder whether it might in fact be Cheevers.

Name Sale
The satatement that Gary sold the nabe to Bach is kinda odd. Since he wasn't a founder, and left the band, which continued to record and perform without him, how could he own the rights? Also, when the new Skid Row came out, Bach said that it was named after Moore's Skid Row, and never mentioned anything about buiying the name. I doubd the bum could have had 35 grand in '87 when he was learning to mastur, I mean to be a metal faggot. Besides, Skid Row is a regular word, I don't think anyone can copyright it. Like if you want to start a band called Free or Asia you have to buy the rights from Kossoff or Wetton? - Joe.

Page move proposal
Editors of this page might like to comment on the move proposal at Talk:Skid Row (U.S. band). 87.113.102.180 (talk) 09:40, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the heads-up, 87. Scolaire (talk) 10:48, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Skid Row (Irish band). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110929125644/http://www.irish-showbands.com/Bands/skidrow.htm to http://www.irish-showbands.com/Bands/skidrow.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110929125644/http://www.irish-showbands.com/Bands/skidrow.htm to http://www.irish-showbands.com/Bands/skidrow.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080206231242/http://www.gary-moore.com/Discography/Sessions/sessions.html to http://www.gary-moore.com/Discography/Sessions/sessions.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 16:21, 4 June 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 4 external links on Skid Row (Irish band). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070517164426/http://www.brushshiels.com/ to http://brushshiels.com/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110830181807/http://the-discographer.dk/gary-moore-bible.pdf to http://the-discographer.dk/gary-moore-bible.pdf
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080911134715/http://www.eddeane.com/discography.htm to http://www.eddeane.com/discography.htm
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110213121538/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/BlabberMouth.Net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=54571 to http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/BlabberMouth.Net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=54571

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:17, 7 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Skid Row (Irish band)


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 9, 2004

The Milgram experiment was a famous scientific experiment of social psychology described by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram in 1974. It was intended to measure the willingness of a participant to obey an authority who instructs the participant to do something that may conflict with the participant's personal conscience. The participant is assigned the role of "teacher". The participant is then given simple memory tasks to give to the "learner" (an actor) and instructed to administer a shock by pressing a button each time the learner makes a mistake. The participant is also told that the voltage is to be raised by 15 volts after each mistake. In reality, there are no actual shocks being given to the learner – the actor is acting. The experiment raised questions about the ethics of scientific experimentation itself because of the extreme emotional stress suffered by the participants. Most modern scientists would consider the experiment unethical today, though it resulted in valuable insights into human psychology. (more...)

Recently featured: Alliterative verse – Elizabeth I – Warsaw Uprising


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 10, 2004

A mains power plug is a mechanical connector that fits into a power point or electrical socket. It has male features, usually brass and often tin or nickel plated, that interface mechanically and electrically to the mains. Such plugs have live, neutral and an optional earth contact. Large appliances with higher voltages use three-phase current and have phase 1, phase 2, phase 3, neutral and an optional earth contact. The reason we now have over a dozen different styles of plugs and wall outlets is that many countries preferred to develop plug designs of their own, instead of adopting a common standard. In many countries, there is no single standard, with multiple plug designs in use, creating extra complexity and potential safety problems for users. (more...)

Recently featured: Milgram experiment – Alliterative verse – Elizabeth I


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 11, 2004

Nineteen Eighty-Four was a British television adaptation of the novel of the same name by George Orwell, originally broadcast on BBC Television in the winter of 1954. Orwell's novel was adapted for television by Nigel Kneale, one of the most successful television scriptwriters of the era. Although all went off well technically and artistically, the production proved to be hugely controversial. There were complaints both about the "horrific" content (particularly the infamous Room 101 scene where Winston Smith is threatened with torture by rats) and the "subversive" nature of the play. Most were worried by the depiction of a totalitarian government controlling the population's thoughts. (more...)

Recently featured: Mains power plug – Milgram experiment – Alliterative verse


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 13, 2004

The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens was the most significant volcanic eruption to occur in the lower 48 states of the United States in recorded history. The eruption was preceded by a two-month long series of earthquakes and steam venting episodes that created a huge bulge and a fracture system on Mount St. Helens' north slope. An earthquake on May 18, 1980 caused the entire weakened north face to slide away, suddenly exposing the partly molten, gas and steam-rich rock in the volcano to lower pressure. The rock responded by exploding into a super-heated mix of pulverized lava and older rock that sped toward Spirit Lake so fast that it quickly passed the avalanching north face. By the time the ash settled and the lahars stopped advancing, 57 people were dead, many thousands of animals were killed, hundreds of square miles were reduced to a wasteland, and over a billion U.S. dollars in damage was done. (more...)

Recently featured: Anatoly Karpov – Nineteen Eighty-Four – Mains power plug


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 14, 2004

The Holy Prepuce (or Holy Foreskin) is one of the various relics purported to be associated with Jesus Christ. Orthodox Christian belief has it that Jesus ascended bodily into Heaven at the end of his earthly life. This would mean that Jesus's foreskin (removed at his circumcision) would be one of the few physical remainders of Jesus left behind on Earth. At various points in history, a number of churches in Europe have claimed to possess it, sometimes concurrently. Various miraculous powers have been ascribed to it. The abbey of Charroux claimed to possess the Holy Foreskin during the Middle Ages. It was said to have been presented to the monks by none other than Charlemagne, who in turn is said to have claimed (per the legend) that it had been brought to him by an angel. Other claimants at various points in time have included (at least) the Cathedral of Le Puy en Velay, Santiago de Compostela, the city of Antwerp, and churches in Besançon, Metz, Hildesheim, and Calcata. (more...)

Recently featured: 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens – Anatoly Karpov – Nineteen Eighty-Four


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 15, 2004

DNA repair is a constantly operating process in the cell essential to survival because it protects the genome from damage. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors (such as UV rays) can cause DNA damage, resulting in as much as 500,000 individual molecular lesions per cell per day. These lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule, and can dramatically alter the cell's way of reading the information encoded in its genes. Consequently, the DNA repair process must be constantly operating, to rapidly correct any damage in the DNA structure. (more...)

Recently featured: Holy Prepuce – 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens – Anatoly Karpov


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 16, 2004

Lawrence v. Texas was a 2003 case decided by the United States Supreme Court. In the 6–3 ruling, the justices invalidated the criminal prohibition of homosexual sodomy in Texas. The court had previously addressed the same issue in 1986 with Bowers v. Hardwick, but there had upheld the challenged Georgia statute, not finding a constitutional right to homosexual sodomy. Lawrence overturned Bowers, which it held viewed the liberty at stake too narrowly. The Lawrence court held that intimate consensual sexual conduct was part of the liberty protected by substantive due process under the Fourteenth Amendment. Lawrence had the effect of invalidating similar laws throughout the United States insofar as they apply to consenting adults acting in private. The case attracted much public attention, and a large number of amicus curiae briefs were filed in the case. The decision was celebrated by gay rights activists, hoping that further legal advances may result as a consequence; the decision was lamented by social conservatives for the same reasons. (more...)

Recently featured: DNA repair - Holy Prepuce - 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 17, 2004

In its pure form, glass is a transparent, relatively strong, hard-wearing, essentially inert, and biologically inactive material which can be formed with very smooth and impervious surfaces. These desirable properties lead to its very many uses. Glass is, however, brittle and will break into sharp shards. These properties can be modified, or even changed entirely, with the addition of other compounds. Glasses are uniform amorphous solid materials, usually produced when a suitably viscous molten material cools very rapidly, thereby not giving enough time for a regular crystal lattice to form. Glasses can be made from many materials, although only a few varieties are in common use. Common glass is mostly amorphous silicon dioxide, which is the same chemical compound as quartz, or, in its polycrystalline form, sand. (more...)

Recently featured: Lawrence v. Texas – DNA repair – Holy Prepuce


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 12, 2004

Anatoly Karpov is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion. He is considered one of the greatest players in chess history, especially in tournament play: he is the most successful tournament player in history, with over 140 first-places to his credit. His overall record is 1,118 wins, 287 losses, and 1,480 draws in 3,163 games, and his peak Elo rating is 2780. Karpov's "boa constrictor" playing style is solidly positional, taking no risks but reacting mercilessly to any tiny errors made by his opponents. As a result, he is often compared to his idol, the famous José Raúl Capablanca, the third World Champion. (more...)

Recently featured: Nineteen Eighty-Four – Mains power plug – Milgram experiment


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 18, 2004

The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 began with a set of national protests in the China, which occurred between April 15, 1989 and June 4, 1989, centered at Tiananmen Square in Beijing. The protests were part of a conflict between students and antigovernment demonstrators and the Chinese Communist Party. After several weeks, a decision was made to forcibly remove the protesters, and an estimated 2,600 people died in the ensuing conflict. (more...)

Recently featured: Glass – Lawrence v. Texas – DNA repair


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 19, 2004

Cricket is a team sport. The game, sometimes referred to as the "gentleman's game", originated in its formal form in England, and is popular mainly in the countries of the Commonwealth. In the countries of South Asia, including India and Pakistan, cricket is by far the most popular participatory and spectator sport. It is also the national sport of Australia, and it is the major summer sport in New Zealand, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. The rich jargon of cricket can often leave those unfamiliar with the game confused; the rules are of similar complexity to those of its cousin baseball. Cricket fosters die-hard aficionados, for whom matches provide passionate entertainment. Occasionally, rival nations have lampooned each other over cricket matches, provoking diplomatic outrage. (more...)

Recently featured: Tiananmen Square protests – Glass – Lawrence v. Texas


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 20, 2004

The U.S. Electoral College is a specific form of an electoral college and is the method by which the President and Vice President of the United States are chosen. The Electoral College was established by Article Two, Section One of the U.S. Constitution, and meets every four years with electors from each state. The 23rd Amendment to the Constitution has allowed electors from the District of Columbia to cast votes for the election of the president. The electoral process was modified in 1804 with the ratification of Amendment XII. Presidential elections take place on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November in years evenly divisible by four. Although ballots typically list the names of the Presidential candidates, voters within the 50 states and the District of Columbia actually choose electors when they vote for President. These electors in turn cast the official votes for President. Federal law says that each state's electors meet in their state capitals on the Monday following the second Wednesday of December. There, they cast their electoral votes for President and Vice President. (more...)

Recently featured: Cricket – Tiananmen Square protests – Glass


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 21, 2004

The Coronation of the British monarch is a ceremony in which the monarch is formally crowned and invested with regalia. The coronation usually takes place several months after the death of the previous monarch, for the coronation is considered a joyous occasion that would be inappropriate when mourning still continues. For example, Elizabeth II was crowned on June 2, 1953, having ascended to the throne on February 6, 1952. The ceremony is officiated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, the most senior cleric of the Church of England. Many other government officials and guests attend. (more...)

Recently featured: U.S. Electoral College – Cricket – Tiananmen Square protests


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 22, 2004

The history of Irish theatre begins with the rise of the English administration in Dublin at the start of the 17th century. In the early days of its history, theatrical productions in Ireland tended to serve the political purposes of the administration, but as more theatres opened and the popular audience grew, a more diverse range of entertainments were staged. Many Dublin-based theatres developed links with their London equivalents and performers and productions from the English capital frequently found their way to the Irish stage. However, most Irish playwrights from William Congreve to George Bernard Shaw found it necessary to go abroad to establish themselves. At the beginning of the 20th century, theatres and theatre companies dedicated to the staging of Irish plays and the development of indigenous writers, directors and performers began to emerge. This allowed many of the most significant Irish dramatists to learn their trade and establish their reputations at home rather than in Britain or the United States. (more...)

Recently featured: Coronation of the British monarch – U.S. Electoral College – Cricket


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 23, 2004

A black hole is a theoretical concentration of mass with a gravitational field so strong that its escape velocity exceeds the speed of light. This implies that nothing, not even light, can escape its gravity, hence the word "black". The term "black hole" is widespread, even though the theory does not refer to any hole in the usual sense. According to classical general relativity, no matter or information can flow from the interior of a black hole to an outside observer, although quantum mechanics may allow deviations from this strict rule. The existence of black holes in the universe is well-supported both theoretically and by astronomical observation; however, a minority of physicists dissent. (more...)

Recently featured: Irish theatre – Coronation of the British monarch – U.S. Electoral College


text:
United States congressional delegations from Georgia

Georgia became a U.S. state in 1788, which allowed it to send congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives beginning with the 1st United States Congress in 1789. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years, and members of the House to two-year terms.

These are tables of congressional delegations from Georgia to the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives.

Current delegation
Georgia's current congressional delegation in the consists of its two senators, both of whom are Democrats, and its 14 representatives: 9 Republicans and 5 Democrats.

The current dean of the Georgia delegation is Representative Sanford Bishop of the GA's 2nd congressional district, having served in the House since 1993.

1789–1793: 3 districts
In the inaugural U.S. Congress, Georgia was apportioned 3 seats as per Article I of the U.S. constitution. Georgia elected the members district wise.

1793–1827: at-large seats
Following 1790 census, Georgia was apportioned two seats. Following 1800 census, Georgia was apportioned four seats, then 6 seats following 1810 census, and seven seats following 1820 census. From 1793 to 1827 all such seats were elected at-large statewide on a general ticket.

1827–1829: 7 districts
In 1827, Georgia's seven seats were redistricted into seven districts.

1829–1845: at-large seats
In 1829, Georgia eliminated the districts and all seats were elected at-large statewide on a general ticket. Following 1830 census, Georgia was apportioned nine seats and following the 1840 census eight seats.

1845–1863: 8 districts
In 1845, Georgia's eight seats were redistricted into eight districts.

1863–1873: 7 districts
Following 1860 census, Georgia was apportioned seven seats.

1873–1883: 9 districts
Following 1870 census, Georgia was apportioned nine seats.

1883–1893: 10 districts
Following 1880 census, Georgia was apportioned 10 seats. The tenth seat was elected at-large statewide in 1883. From 1885, all 10 seats were redistricted.

1893–1913: 11 districts
Following 1890 census, Georgia was apportioned 11 seats.

1913–1933: 12 districts
Following 1910 census, Georgia was apportioned 12 seats.

1933–1993: 10 districts
Following 1930 census, Georgia was apportioned 10 seats.

1993–2003: 11 districts
Following 1990 census, Georgia was apportioned 11 seats.

2003–2013: 13 districts
Following 2000 census, Georgia was apportioned 13 seats.

2013–present: 14 districts
Following 2010 census, Georgia was apportioned 14 seats.


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 24, 2004

The Ackermann function is an important example encountered by mathematicians in the theory of computation. It is a recursive function which takes two natural numbers as arguments and returns a natural number as its value. In 1928, Wilhelm Ackermann considered a function A (m, n, p) of three variables, the p-fold iterated exponentiation of m with n or m → n → p in Conway's notation. He proved that it is a recursive function which is not primitive recursive. This definition was later simplified by Rozsa Peter and Raphael Robinson to the two-variable definition given above. It grows extremely quickly, and this extreme growth can be exploited to show that the computable function f (n) = A(n, n) grows faster than any primitive-recursive function and is therefore not primitive-recursive. Due to its definition in terms of extremely deep recursion, it can be used as a benchmark of a compiler's ability to optimize recursion. (more...)

Recently featured: Black hole – Irish theatre – Coronation of the British monarch


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 25, 2004

Du Fu was a Chinese poet during the Tang Dynasty. Along with Li Po, he is frequently called the greatest of the Chinese poets. His own greatest ambition was to help his country by becoming a successful civil servant, but he proved unable to make the necessary accommodations. His life, like the country, was devastated by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755, and the last 15 years of his life were a time of almost constant unrest. Initially unpopular, his works came to be hugely influential in both Chinese and Japanese poetry. He has been called "poet historian" and "poet sage" by Chinese critics, while the range of his work has allowed him to be introduced to Western readers as "the Chinese Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Shakespeare, Milton, Burns, Wordsworth, Béranger, Hugo or Baudelaire". (more...)

Recently featured: Ackermann function – Black hole – Irish theatre


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/September 26, 2004

A mixed-breed dog (also called a mutt or mongrel) is a dog that is a mixture of two or more breeds. Mixed-breed dogs vary in size, shape, and color, making them hard to classify physically, but some colors are more common than others. With each generation of mixing, the offspring move closer to the genetic norm. Dogs that are descended from many generations of mixes are typically light brown or black and weigh about 18 kg (40 lbs). The theory of hybrid vigor suggests that dogs of mixed ancestry will be healthier than their purebred counterparts. In some cases this might be true, because inbreeding among purebreds has made some breeds prone to various genetic health problems. Historically, dog shows and dog sports excluded mixed-breed dogs from competition. While this tradition is changing, some sports still remain open only to one breed of dog, such as greyhound racing. (more...)

Recently featured: Du Fu – Ackermann function – Black hole