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Themistius

Themistius (Θεμίστιος Themistios; 317 – c. 388 AD), nicknamed Euphrades (Εὐφραδής, "eloquent"), was a statesman, rhetorician and philosopher. He flourished in the reigns of Constantius II, Julian, Jovian, Valens, Gratian and Theodosius I, and he enjoyed the favour of all those emperors, notwithstanding their many differences and the fact that he himself was not a Christian. He was admitted to the senate by Constantius in 355, and he was prefect of Constantinople in 384 on the nomination of Theodosius. Of his many works, thirty-three orations of his have come down to us, as well as various commentaries and epitomes of the works of Aristotle.

Early life
Themistius was born in Paphlagonia and taught at the Colchian Academy in Phasis. Several of his orations mention his father Eugenius, a distinguished philosopher from whom he received supplemental training. Themistius devoted himself chiefly to Aristotle, though he also studied Pythagoreanism and Platonism. His early commentaries on Aristotle were published without his consent and won him a high reputation. After passing his youth in Asia Minor and Syria, Themistius met Constantius II during the emperor's visit to Ancyra in Galatia in 347. On this occasion Themistius delivered his first extant oration, Peri Philanthropias.

Career
It was not long after that he moved to Constantinople, where, apart from a short sojourn in Rome, he resided for the rest of his life. Themistius taught philosophy in the eastern capital for twenty years. In 355 he was inducted into the Senate of Constantinople, on the basis of a letter of recommendation from Constantius. The letter is still extant, and contains high praise both of Themistius and of his father Eugenius. Also preserved is Themistius' response, an oration of thanks delivered in the senate early in 356. In 357 he gave two further speeches honouring Constantius, although a state visit to Rome made the emperor unavailable to hear them in person. The orator was nonetheless rewarded with a bronze portrait statue. In 361 he was appointed to praetorian rank by a decree still extant. Themistius may have served as proconsul of Constantinople in 358; if so, he was the last to hold that office, before the position was elevated to the status of urban prefect.

Constantius died in 361; but Themistius, as a philosopher and pagan, naturally retained the favour of Julian, who spoke of him as the worthy senator of the whole world, and as the first philosopher of his age. The Suda states that Julian made Themistius prefect of Constantinople; but this is disproved by the speech delivered by Themistius, when he was really appointed to that office under Theodosius. Shortly before the death of Julian in 363, Themistius delivered an oration in honour of him, which is no longer extant, but which is referred to at some length by Libanius, in a letter to Themistius. In 364 he went, as one of the deputies from the senate, to meet Jovian at Dadastana, on the border of Galatia and Bithynia, and to confer the consulate upon him; and on this occasion he delivered an oration, which he afterwards repeated at Constantinople, in which he claims full liberty of conscience to practice any religion. In the same year he delivered an oration at Constantinople, in honour of the accession of Valentinian I and Valens, in the presence of the latter. His next oration is addressed to Valens, congratulating him on his victory over Procopius in June 366, and interceding for some of the rebels; it was delivered in 367. In the next year he accompanied Valens to the Danube in the second campaign of the Gothic war, and delivered before the emperor, at Marcianopolis, a congratulatory oration upon his Quinquennalia, 368. His next orations are to the young Valentinian II upon his consulship, 369, and to the senate of Constantinople, in the presence of Valens, in honour of the peace granted to the Goths, 370. On March 28, 373, he addressed to Valens, who was then in Syria, a congratulatory address upon the emperor's entrance on the tenth year of his reign. It was also while Valens was in Syria, that Themistius addressed to him an oration by which he persuaded him to cease from his persecution of the Catholic party. In addition to these orations, which prove that the orator was in high favour with the emperor, we have the testimony of Themistius himself to his influence with Valens.

In 377 he was in Rome, apparently on an embassy to Gratian, to whom he delivered an oration entitled Erotikos. On the association of Theodosius I in the empire by Gratian, at Sirmium, in 379, Themistius delivered an elegant oration, congratulating the new emperor on his elevation. Of his remaining orations some are public and some private; but few of them demand special notice as connected with the events of his life. In 384, (about the first of September), he was made prefect of Constantinople, an office which had been offered to him, but declined, several times before. He only held the prefecture a few months, as we learn from an oration delivered after he had laid down the office, in which he mentions, as he had done even six years earlier, and more than once in the interval, his old age and ill-health. From the thirty-fourth oration we also learn that he had previously held the offices of princeps senatus and praefectus annonae, besides his embassy to Rome; in another oration he mentions ten embassies on which he had been sent before his prefecture; and in another, composed probably about 387, he says that he has been engaged for nearly forty years in public business and in embassies. So great was the confidence placed in him by Theodosius, that, though Themistius was not a Christian, the emperor, when departing for the West to oppose Magnus Maximus, entrusted his son Arcadius to the tutorship of the philosopher, 387–388. Nothing is known about Themistius after this time; and he may have died around 388. Besides the emperors, he numbered among his friends the chief orators and philosophers of the age, Christian and pagan. Not only Libanius, but Gregory of Nazianzus also was his friend and correspondent, and the latter, in an epistle still extant, calls him the "king of arguments."

Work
The orations of Themistius, extant in the time of Photius (9th century), were thirty-six in number. Of these, thirty-three have come down to us in Greek. Two of them, however, (Orations 23 and 33, and perhaps Oration 28) are not fully preserved, and one (Oration 25) is a brief statement, not a full oration. Modern editions of the Orations have thirty-four pieces, because a Latin address to Valens has been included as Oration 12. It is now believed though that this Latin address is a 16th-century creation. The final oration (Oration 34) was discovered as recently as 1816 by Angelo Mai in the Ambrosian Library at Milan. There are, in addition, a few other fragments which may come from lost Orations, as well as an additional work which survives in Syriac and another preserved in Arabic.

The philosophical works of Themistius must have been very voluminous; for Photius tells us that he wrote commentaries on all the books of Aristotle, besides useful abstracts of the Posterior Analytics, the books On the Soul, and the Physics, and that there were works of his on Plato; "and, in a word, he is a lover and eager student of philosophy." The Suda mentions his epitome of the Physics of Aristotle, in eight books; of the Prior Analytics, in two books; of the Posterior Analytics, in two books; of the treatise On the Soul, in seven books; and of the Categories in one book.

The epitomes which survive are:
 * On the Posterior Analytics
 * On the Physics
 * On Aristotle's On the Soul
 * On Aristotle's On the Heavens, in a Hebrew translation only
 * On the Metaphysics 12, in a Hebrew translation only

In addition to these works, two surviving anonymous paraphrases were mistakenly attributed to him in the Byzantine era, and are now assigned to a Pseudo-Themistius:
 * On the Prior Analytics
 * On the Parva Naturalia

His paraphrases of Aristotle's Posterior Analytics, Physics and On the Soul are valuable; but the orations in which he panegyrizes successive emperors, comparing them to Plato's true philosopher, and even to the Idea itself, are intended to flatter. Boëthius describes him as, disertissimus (or diligentissimus ) scriptor ac lucidus, et omnia ad facilitatem intelligentiae revocans.

In philosophy Themistius was an eclectic. He held that Plato and Aristotle were in substantial agreement, that God has made men free to adopt the mode of worship they prefer, and that Christianity and Hellenism were merely two forms of the one universal religion.

Editions

 * W. Dindorf edition of the orations (Leipzig, 1832): Themistii Orationes, ex codice Mediolanensi emendatae, a Guilielmo Dindorfio, Lipsiae: C. Cnobloch 1832.
 * Themistii paraphrases Aristotelis librorum quae supersunt, ed. Leonhard von Spengel (Leipzig, 1866), Teubner series (reprinted 1998)
 * Themistii paraphrases Aristotelis librorum quae supersunt, ed. Leonhard von Spengel (Leipzig, 1866), Teubner series (reprinted 1998)

Translations

 * Commentaire sur le traité de l'Âme d'Aristote, traduction de Guillaume de Moerbeke (Latin). Louvain, 1957
 * Themistius on Aristotle On the Soul, trans. Robert B. Todd. London and Ithaca, 1996 (Ancient Commentators on Aristotle)
 * Themistius on Aristotle Physics 1-3, trans. Robert B. Todd. London and Ithaca, 2011 (Ancient Commentators on Aristotle)
 * Themistius on Aristotle's Physics 4, trans. Robert B. Todd. London and Ithaca, 2003 (Ancient Commentators on Aristotle)
 * Themistius on Aristotle Physics 5-8, trans. Robert B. Todd. London, 2008 (Ancient Commentators on Aristotle)
 * The Private Orations of Themistius, trans. R. Penella. Berkeley, 2000

title: Themistius


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User talk:Marcus Wendel

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October 2009
Welcome to Wikipedia. Although everyone is welcome to contribute constructively to the encyclopedia, one or more of the external links you added do not comply with our guidelines for external links and have been removed. Wikipedia is not a collection of links; nor should it be used for advertising or promotion, and doing so is contrary to the goals of this project. Since Wikipedia uses nofollow tags, external links do not alter search engine rankings. If you feel the link should be added to the article, please discuss it on the article's talk page before reinserting it. Please take a look at the welcome page to learn more about contributing to this encyclopedia. Thank you. MrOllie (talk) 17:24, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

No problem, I'll keep that in mind.Marcus Wendel (talk) 20:20, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Marcus Wendel


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The Cable Guy

The Cable Guy is a 1996 American satirical black comedy thriller film directed by Ben Stiller, written by Lou Holtz Jr. and starring Jim Carrey and Matthew Broderick. It was released in the United States on June 14, 1996. The film co-stars Leslie Mann, Jack Black, George Segal, Diane Baker, Eric Roberts, Owen Wilson, Janeane Garofalo, David Cross, and Andy Dick.

In the film, Carrey plays an eccentric cable installer who becomes overly intrusive in the life of a customer, played by Broderick. The film was a box office success, though not to the extent of many of Carrey's previous films. It received mixed reception from critics, but has since attained a cult following.

Plot
Architect Steven Kovacs moves into an apartment after a failed marriage proposal to his girlfriend Robin Harris. When the cable installer, Ernie "Chip" Douglas, arrives, Steven acts on advice from his friend Rick and bribes him to get him free movie channels. Chip makes Steven one of his preferred customers and, in return for his services, asks if he can see Steven socially, which Steven begrudgingly agrees to. On a visit to the city's central satellite dish, Chip confides to Steven about being raised by television when he was young, as his father was absent and his mother used television as a "babysitter".

Chip proceeds to intrude more and more on Steven's life, alienating him from his friends, leaving multiple messages on his answering machine and installing an expensive home theater system as a gift. Steven rejects the gift but agrees to let Chip use his apartment to host a party for all of his preferred customers, where Steven has sex with a young woman whom Chip later reveals was a prostitute he hired for Steven. Upon this revelation, Steven angrily ejects Chip from his apartment. To make amends, Chip tracks down Robin, who is dating another man who he beats up and tells to stay away, and upgrades her cable, ostensibly as a gift from Steven. Robin decides to get back together with Steven as a result, but when Steven finds out Chip's hand in reuniting him with Robin, Steven politely ends his friendship with Chip.

Devastated, Chip sets out on a series of vengeful acts; he has Steven arrested for possession of stolen property, embarrasses him at a family gathering, and has him fired from his job by transmitting a recorded private conversation in which Steven insults his boss onto the company's computers. He also reveals that his name is in fact Larry Tate. Rick investigates Larry and finds that he was fired from the cable company for using fake names and stalking customers. Steven receives a phone call from Larry, who tells him he is paying Robin a visit, making Steven rush to Robin's apartment. Finding it empty, Steven calls the police and tells them to hurry to where Larry has taken her: the central satellite dish.

Arriving at the satellite dish first, Steven rescues Robin from Larry, who, as the police arrive, climbs to the top of the dish proclaiming that he must "kill the babysitter" to prevent others from becoming like him. He falls into the dish after cutting the television signal to the entire city, but survives. He apologizes to Steven for being a bad friend, Steven forgives him and asks for his real name, which he says is Ricky Ricardo. As he is airlifted away, one of the paramedics addresses him as "buddy"; when he asks if that's true and the paramedic replies "Yeah, sure you are", the cable guy smiles deviously.

Production
First-time screenwriter Lou Holtz Jr. had the idea for The Cable Guy while working as a prosecutor in Los Angeles, declaring that he once saw a cable company employee in the hallway of his mother's apartment building and started thinking, "What's he doing here so late?" The screenplay became the subject of a bidding war, won by Columbia Pictures at a price of $750,000, plus a $250,000 additional bonus if the movie got made. The role of the Cable Guy was originally sold with Chris Farley attached to star, but he later dropped out due to scheduling difficulties. Adam Sandler was also considered for the role of the Cable Guy.

Jim Carrey joined the production, receiving a then record $20 million to star. Following Carrey's signing, Columbia Pictures hired Judd Apatow to produce. The studio rebuffed Apatow's interest in directing, but accepted his suggestion to invite Ben Stiller on whose Ben Stiller Show Apatow had worked. Stiller was considered to play the Steven Kovacs character before it was offered to Matthew Broderick.

The original screenplay by Lou Holtz Jr. was a lighter comedy, described by Apatow as "a What About Bob? annoying friend movie" where the Cable Guy was a likeable loser who intrudes upon the cable subscriber's life, but never in a physically threatening way. Carrey, Apatow and Stiller liked the setup of "somebody who is really smart with technology invading somebody's life", and opted to add slapstick and darker tones, changing into a satire of thrillers such as Cape Fear, Unlawful Entry and The Hand That Rocks the Cradle. The dialogue would also fit Carrey's style of comedy.

Holtz wrote four additional drafts, each one darker than the previous, before leaving the project and giving Apatow the opportunity to take over the writing. Apatow and Stiller visited Carrey as he was filming Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls in South Carolina, and over a few days, riffed a lot of the set pieces that were added to the script, and further explored how Carrey wanted to perform the character. Apatow took the film to the Writers Guild for arbitration to get a writing credit but ultimately Holtz retained sole credit for the script. Apatow expressed frustration at not getting credit but acknowledged that as he was also a producer on the film, the Writers Guild requirements are set very high to protect writers.

The final script had elements so disturbing that Columbia heard many complaints regarding certain scenes. In turn, Apatow declared that the studio did not specifically order removals, "but we took [the scenes] out as part of the natural evolution of our creative process". Stiller stated that he shot every scene with "a dark version and a light version", and that he was surprised that the studio did not object to the violent ending.

The fight sequence at Medieval Times between Chip (Jim Carrey) and Steven (Matthew Broderick) is an homage to the Star Trek episode "Amok Time"—including the use of Vulcan weapons (lirpa), the dialogue, and the background music. Director Ben Stiller is an admitted Trekkie.

Box office
The film grossed $19,806,226 on its opening weekend, ranking number one ahead of The Rock. At the time, it had the highest opening weekend for a Ben Stiller film, holding this record until 2000 when Meet the Parents surpassed it. It grossed a total $60,240,295 in the North American domestic market, and $42,585,501 outside the United States, making a total of $102,825,796 worldwide gross, but failed to reach domestic projected numbers Jim Carrey brought to his previous movies. Apatow said "people looked at it as a failure because it didn't make even more money." Despite the critical perception that the movie was a disappointment, it made a profit in excess of its $47 million production budget.

The film was released in the United Kingdom on July 12, 1996, and opened on #2, behind Mission: Impossible.

Home media
The film was released on VHS on December 3, 1996, DVD on September 15, 1997, and a 15th anniversary Blu-ray release on March 1, 2011. Sony re-issued the latter format as a manufacture-on-demand title on December 17, 2019.

Reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 55% based on 80 reviews, with an average rating of 5.7/10. The website's critical consensus states, "The Cable Guy's dark flashes of thought-provoking, subversive wit are often—but not always—enough to counter its frustratingly uneven storytelling approach." On Metacritic, the film received a weighted average score of 56 based 28 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "C+" on scale of A to F.

The Cable Guy has been regarded as having a darker tone than most of Carrey's previous work. While the character may seem goofy at first, similar to previous Carrey roles, he later turns more sinister and scary. Audiences and film critics had mixed reactions to the change. The film was on J. Hoberman's Top 10 best of the year. Roger Ebert included The Cable Guy in his worst of the year list for 1996, though colleague Gene Siskel disagreed, calling it "a very good film. [Carrey's] best since The Mask". Ebert found Carrey's "bizarre" and "creepy" performance undermined the entire story, and felt the movie was more of a dark comedy than was necessary.

In spite of its mixed reception, the film has achieved a cult following, and has been attributed to helping Carrey pursue more serious roles such as The Truman Show and Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind. Carrey named the movie one of his favorites that he worked on:"I have odd favorites that may not be for kids, but The Cable Guy is one of my favorite movies. I think Ben Stiller did an amazing job, and it's populated with the greatest comedy actors of our day when they were just coming into their power. I love that character. That character is all of us: we were all raised by the TV."

Soundtrack
The Cable Guy: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on May 21, 1996, via Work Group. It consists of previously unreleased songs, largely of alternative rock and heavy metal bands, and includes the first solo recording by Jerry Cantrell of Alice in Chains fame. The soundtrack includes Jim Carrey's version of Jefferson Airplane's "Somebody to Love" which was performed by him in the film. It also includes a song from $10,000 Gold Chain, a side project of Pearl Jam lead guitarist Mike McCready. White Zombie's "More Human than Human" is featured in a dramatic scene of the film but was not included on the soundtrack release.

Cantrell's "Leave Me Alone" served as the soundtrack's promotional vehicle and was released as a single, peaking at No. 14 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. It had a music video that featured various footage from Cable Guy in a dark manner typical of Cantrell's style. It also had Jim Carrey's haunting face reaching out of a television screen observing Cantrell. The music video was included as a bonus feature on the 15th-anniversary edition Blu-ray of The Cable Guy in 2011.

While the album as a whole was not well received, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic noted that "Leave Me Alone" positively "rocks as hard as any Alice in Chains track". The track "Standing Outside a Broken Phone Booth with Money in My Hand" gained popularity for its appearance in the film and reached No. 1 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart in 1996.

In popular culture

 * When Carrey guest hosted Saturday Night Live during season 40, one of his relatives in the "Carrey Family Reunion" sketch paid tribute to Chip (and was played by Jay Pharaoh).
 * Carrey reprised the role of Chip in a Verizon 5G commercial run during Super Bowl LVI.

title: The Cable Guy


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Hainesville

Hainesville may refer to:

 * Hainesville, New Brunswick, Canada
 * Hainesville, Illinois, United States
 * Hainesville, New Jersey, United States
 * Hainesville, Texas, United States
 * Hainesville, Berkeley County, West Virginia, United States
 * Hainesville, Hampshire County, West Virginia, United States

title: Hainesville


text:
Saint Gertrude

Saint Gertrude, St Gertrude, or St Gertrude's may refer to:

People

 * Gertrude of Nivelles (626–659), founded the Abbey of Nivelles located in present-day Belgium
 * Gertrude the Great (1256–1302), German Cistercian, mystic, and theologian

Religious institutions and schools

 * Church of St. Gertrude, Kaunas, aka St Gertrude's Church, Kaunas, Lithuania
 * German Church, Stockholm, also known as St. Gertrude's Church
 * Saint Gertrude High School, an independent college for girls in Richmond, Virginia, U.S.
 * St Gertrude New Church, Riga, a church in Riga, Latvia
 * St Gertrude Old Church, Riga, a church in Riga, Latvia
 * St Gertrude's Abbey, Leuven, a complex of former monastic buildings in Leuven, Belgium
 * St. Gertrude's Cathedral, a church in Utrecht, Netherlands
 * St. Gertrude's College, New Norcia, a former girls' school associated with the Benedictine Monastery in New Norcia, Western Australia
 * St. Gertrude's Convent and Chapel, a Benedictine nunnery near Cottonwood, Idaho, U.S.
 * St. Gertrude's Hospital, Copenhagen, a hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark

title: Saint Gertrude


text:
Nowlan Park

Nowlan Park (Páirc Uí Nualláin), known for sponsorship reasons as UPMC Nowlan Park, is the principal Gaelic Athletic Association stadium in Kilkenny, Ireland. Named after James Nowlan, the longest serving President of the GAA, the stadium hosts major hurling matches and is home to the Kilkenny hurling team. It opened in 1927, replacing St. James Park.

Facilities
The stadium consists of the following stands: The target capacity under the Kilkenny GAA 2010-15 plan was 30,000. A large portion of the Old Stand's roof was blown off during a violent storm on 12 February 2014. The rest was removed for health and safety reasons.
 * Old Stand (O'Loughlin Road) mainly bench-seats (uncovered, planning for a new roof submitted after storm damaged the old roof in 2014) (The new roof completed in late 2014 and opened in early 2015)
 * Paddy Grace Stand (New Stand, Hebron Road) mainly bench-seats (covered)
 * Ted Carrol Stand (country end) 4,000 plastic seats (covered)
 * City Terrace (covered)

Hurling
History was made at Nowlan Park on 7 June 2014 when Kilkenny versus Offaly was broadcast on Sky Sports, the first time a Championship fixture of any kind was broadcast live to a UK-wide audience. British viewers were reported to have been "amazed and confused [...] bemused but impressed [...] amused and confounded" after catching a glimpse of the broadcast.

Other uses
Nowlan Park also serves as a concert venue, with festivals featuring performers such as Andrea Bocelli, Rod Stewart, Bob Dylan, Neil Young, Paul Simon, Bryan Ferry, James Taylor, Shania Twain, Dolly Parton, and in July 2013 it played host to the European tour finale of Bruce Springsteen. Bruce Springsteen is due to play the venue again on 12 May 2024 as part of the Springsteen and E Street Band 2023 Tour.

Nowlan Park was also included in Ireland's bid to host the 2023 Rugby World Cup.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Nowlan Park was used as a drive-through test centre.

Naming rights
It was announced, in October 2019, that the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) had agreed a naming-rights deal with the Kilkenny County Board. Running for 10 years, from 2019, the sponsorship deal involved the rebranding of the ground to "UPMC Nowlan Park".

title: Nowlan Park


text:
Sirius Systems Technology

Sirius Systems Technology was a personal computer manufacturer in Scotts Valley, California. It was founded in 1980 by Chuck Peddle and Chris Fish, formerly of MOS Technology and capitalized by Walter Kidde Inc. In late 1982 Sirius acquired Victor Business Systems (known for its calculators and cash registers) from Kidde and changed its name to Victor Technologies. It made the Victor/Sirius series of personal computers. The company made a public stock offering in the first half of 1983, but went into Chapter 11 protection from bankruptcy before the end of 1984. The company's assets were acquired by Datatronic AB, a Swedish software/hardware distribution company headed by Mats Gabrielsson. Gabrielsson signed a distribution deal with Kyocera, which began to supply PC clones to Victor.

Victor 9000 / Sirius 1
The Victor 9000 (distributed in the UK by British company Applied Computer Techniques as the ACT Sirius 1, and in Australia by Barson Computers as the Sirius 1) was designed by Peddle, who had also designed the first Commodore PET. His team began work in January 1981 and showed a prototype in April. It appeared for the first time at the Systems (fair) show in Munich, Germany, in late 1981. Chuck Peddle used two of his Commodore contacts to set up two subsidiaries in continental Europe. David Deane (France) and Jürgen Tepper (Germany) were both ex-Mannesmann Tally whom Chuck had met while negotiating an OEM deal for printers.

The Victor 9000/Sirius 1 ran CP/M-86 and MS-DOS but did not claim to be IBM PC compatible. It offered a higher resolution screen and 600 KB/1.2 MB floppy drives. Advertisements cited the graphics, multiple operating systems, 128 KB of RAM, and high-quality audio. One striking difference between it and other machines on the market at the time was the fact that the disc utilized a form of zoned constant linear velocity (ZCLV) (using 9 different speed-zones selected out of 15 supported by the hardware) with a variant of zone bit recording (ZBR) (11 to 19 sectors depending on zone) to spun at different speeds according to where the data was stored, running slower towards the outer edge of the disc in such a way that bit density (bits per cm passing the head), rather than rotational speed, was approximately constant. This, combined with group-coded recording (GCR), allowed standard floppy disks to hold more data than others at the time, 600 KB on single- and 1.2 MB on double-sided floppies compared with 140–160 KB per side of other machines such as the Apple II and early IBM PC, but disks made at constant bit density were not compatible with machines with standard drives. The Victor 9000's 800x400 resolution screen (based on a Hitachi 46505 CRT controller chip - equivalent to a Motorola 6845), 896 KB of memory (RAM), programmable keyboard and character set were also far ahead of the competition.

While unsuccessful in North America, Victor 9000 became the most popular 16-bit business computer in Europe, especially in Britain and Germany, while IBM delayed the release of the PC there. Its success led to the ACT Apricot. ACT outsold the Sirius/Victor subsidiaries and also led the way in proving that application software was the key to sales. Most sales across Europe went through small systems houses rather than computer shops.

The Victor 9000 was also distributed in the UK under that name by DRG Business Machines in Weston-super-Mare, who dealt with Victor Technologies in the US direct. It was not a particularly successful venture as ACT had already established a brand name and a loyal dealer base.

Reception
BYTE called the Victor 9000 "an excellent microcomputer with an outstanding array of standard features". It praised the high-quality video and large array of software available from Victor, while criticizing the high price of peripherals compared to the many third-party options on the IBM PC.

title: Sirius Systems Technology


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Judah II

Judah II or Nesi'ah I was a Jewish sage who lived in Tiberias in the Land of Israel, in the middle of the third century CE.

He is mentioned in the classical works of Judaism's Oral Torah, the Mishnah and Talmud. There he is variously called "Judah," "Judah Nesi'ah" (= "ha-Nasi"), and occasionally "Rabbi" like his grandfather, Judah haNasi. As Judah III is also designated as "Judah Nesi'ah," it is often difficult, sometimes impossible, to determine which one of these patriarchs is referred to.

Youth
Various stories of Judah's youth, referring to him and his brother Hillel, have been preserved. As youths, Judah and Hillel visited Cabul and Biri, each time behaving in ways which offended the local population.

Relations with other scholars
He had especially friendly relations with Hoshaiah. Together with Rabbi Joshua ben Levi, he assisted at Laodicea in the reception of a female proselyte into Judaism. Jonathan b. Eleazar was his companion at the baths of Gadara. The relations between the patriarch and Rabbi Yochanan, the leader of the Academy of Tiberias, seem to have been friendly; Yochanan accepted the regular material support offered to him by Judah. Yochanan also induced Judah to visit Shimon ben Lakish, who had fled from Tiberias in consequence of having made offensive remarks in regard to the dignity of the patriarchate, and invite him to return.

On another occasion, it was Shimon ben Lakish who succeeded in softening Judah's indignation toward a daring preacher, Jose of Maon, who had denounced the rapacity of the patriarchal house. Shimon ben Lakish, moreover, seems to have exhorted the patriarch to unselfishness, saying "Take nothing, so that you will have to give nothing [to the Roman authorities]". Simeon ben Lakish also reminded Judah of the need of providing for elementary education in the various cities, referring to the saying, "A city in which there are no schools for children is doomed to destruction".

Standing among other scholars
Judah's authority as patriarch was not absolute: he could not carry out his intention of omitting the fast-day of Tisha B'Av when it fell on the Sabbath. He was not regarded by his contemporaries as their equal in scholarship, as appears from a curious meeting between him and R. Yannai.

However, Judah was not so unimportant as might appear from this, since Shimon ben Lakish (who was not his pupil) hands down a whole series of halakhic teachings in the name of "Judah Nesi'ah". Shimon ben Lakish doubtless survived Judah and repeated his traditions. Shimon handed down also some of Judah's aggadic teachings. The passage (Nazir 20c) referring to Simeon ben Lakish as "sitting before Judah" and explaining a midrash does not refer to him as a pupil, but as a member of the college. This view is supported by Avodah Zarah 6b, which speaks of Shimon as "sitting before Judah Nesi'ah"; here the patriarch asks Shimon what to do in a certain case, and Shimon clearly appears as the better halakhist, not as Judah's pupil.

Judah's relations to the scholars of his time appear from the following disagreement between Judah and the rabbis: "One said: 'The time is adapted to the leader [parnas]'; the other said: 'The leader is adapted to the time'". It was probably Judah who said that the leader is adapted to the time, and that he must not be blamed for his own incapacity. In the above-mentioned meeting between Judah and Jose of Maon it was Jose who said, "As the time, so the prince."

On another occasion, Judah openly confessed his incapacity. Once during a drought he had ordered a fast and prayed in vain for rain. Thereupon he said, "What a difference between Samuel of Ramah and Judah, the son of Gamaliel! Woe to the time which has such a tent-peg, and woe to me that I have come at such a time!" Rain soon fell in consequence of this self-abasement.

Relations with Origen
Grätz identifies Judah's brother Hillel, with the "patriarch Joullos" ('Ιοῦλλος πατριάρχης), with whom Origen conversed at Caesarea on Biblical subjects. But as Hillel himself was not a patriarch, it may be assumed that it was Judah who conversed with Origen. Origen probably misread ΙΟϒΛΟΣ (Joulos) for ΙΟϒΔΑΣ (Joudas). This assumption agrees with the above-mentioned statement about Hoshaiah's close relations with the patriarch, for it may be assumed as a fact that Hoshaiah had contact with Origen at Caesarea.

Teachings
In halakhic tradition, Judah II was especially known by three ordinances decreed by him and his academy; one of these ordinances referred to a reform of the divorce laws. Especially famous was the decree permitting the use of oil prepared by pagans, incorporated in the Mishnah with the same formula used in connection with decrees of Judah haNasi—"Rabbi and his court permitted". This ordinance, which abrogated an old law, was recognized as authoritative in Babylonia by Samuel, and subsequently by Rav, who at first hesitated to accept it. Simlai, the famous aggadist, tried to induce Judah to abrogate also the prohibition against using bread prepared by pagans. Judah, however, refused to do so, alleging that he did not wish his academy to be called the "losing court".

Quotes

 * If not for the breath of children in the house of their schoolmaster, the world could not exist.

title: Judah II


text:
Bengbu

Bengbu is a city in northern Anhui Province, China. Its population was 3,296,408 registered residents at the 2020 census. 1,968,027 lived in the built-up area made of four Bengbu urban districts and Fengyang County in Chuzhou Prefecture, largely being conurbated. Its name means "Clam Wharf" in Chinese, echoing its former reputation as a freshwater pearl fishery.

Administration
The prefecture-level city of Bengbu administers seven county-level divisions, including four districts and three counties.

These are further divided into 74 township-level divisions, including 36 towns, 19 townships and 19 subdistricts.

Geography
Bengbu is located in the southeast of the North China Plain, on the Huai River. The built up urbanized area is divided into two parts: greater Bengbu on the south bank of the river and little Bengbu on the north bank. Dragon Lake is on the East side of the urbanized area. On the other side of the lake is the university district, containing four institutions of higher learning.

Climate
The area has a four-season humid subtropical climate with strong monsoon influences (Köppen climate classification Cwa), cool, sometimes cold, winters, and hot and humid summers. The area lies in a climatic transition zone, as it is on the Qin Ling−Huai River boundary between the climatic regimes of northern and southern China. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 2.0 °C in January to 28.1 °C in July, and the annual mean is 15.76 °C. A majority of the annual precipitation occurs from June to August. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 44% in March to 56% in August, the city receives 2,168 hours of bright sunshine annually.

History
In ancient times, the Dongyi peoples inhabited this area and were collectively known as the Huaiyi after the Huai River. During the late Western Zhou Period and the early Spring and Autumn period, the Dongyi became increasingly sinicized. During the late Spring and Autumn period, the once-powerful Dongyi state of Xu was pressured from all directions and destroyed through a series of wars with its neighbors, such as the Chu State and the Wu State. Another Dongyi State was the small Zhongli State, which was a part of the Huaiyi Confederation led by the State of Xu. Tombs belonging to the royalty of the Zhongli State were discovered in excavations between 2005 and 2008 near Fengyang. Eventually, the Huaiyi peoples were assimilated.

Bengbu has always been a hub of water and land communications in Anhui province, and a major distribution centre for the Huai basin.

In 1948, during the Chinese Civil War, the Communist People's Liberation Army won a decisive victory over Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist (KMT) forces near Bengbu, in the Huaihai Campaign.

Industry
Bengbu is now a famous food city in Anhui province. Food-related industries account for 44% of the city's industrial production. The city's other industries include engineering works, textiles, glass making, chemicals, and electronics. The light textile holds an important position in the industrial structure.

Agriculture
Bengbu is teeming with oil, vegetables, meat and aquatic products. Bengbu is a large producer of peanuts. The pomegranates from Huaiyuan (a county of Bengbu), have a high reputation in China. In Wuhe (a county of Bengbu), the crabs are also famous.

Culture
Pollution in the village of Qiugang, a suburb of Bengbu, was the subject of the 2010 film The Warriors of Qiugang, an 83rd Academy Awards nominee. The Bengbu Stadium is located in the city. The 15,000-capacity stadium is used mostly for football matches.

Food
Bengbu cuisine, along with northern Anhui cuisine, is similar to cuisine from nearby Henan and Shandong provinces, as well as Xuzhou cuisine in northern Jiangsu province.

Transportation
The city is on the Jinghu Railway, with hourly direct trains to Beijing, Shanghai and other large cities. Bengbu South Railway Station is served by the high-speed Beijing-Shanghai Railway.

Bengbu Airport, which was relocated from the city's central urban area around the turn of the 21st century, is now operated only as a military airport. A new commercial airport is under construction in the district north of the Huai river.

Construction on the Bengbu Metro started in 2019 and is due to be completed in 2023.

Colleges and universities

 * Anhui University of Finance and Economics(安徽财经大学)
 * Bengbu Medical College(蚌埠医科大学)
 * Bengbu College(蚌埠学院)
 * Bengbu Tank College (Army)
 * Thirteenth Flying Academy (Air Force)

Notable inhabitants
See Category:People from Bengbu

Twinnings

 * 🇮🇹 Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy, since 1988
 * 🇯🇵 Settsu, Osaka, Japan
 * Tameside, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
 * 🇭🇺 Szolnok, Hungary

title: Bengbu


text:
Hallsville

Hallsville may refer to:

 * Hallsville, New South Wales, Australia

United States

 * Hallsville, Illinois

 * Hallsville, Missouri
 * Hallsville, New York
 * Hallsville, Ohio
 * Hallsville, Texas
 * Hallsville, North Carolina

title: Hallsville


text:
Hamilton City

Hamilton City may refer to:

 * Hamilton City, California, a community in the United States
 * Hamilton City, Wyoming, a ghost town in the United States, better known as Miner's Delight
 * Hamilton, New Zealand (Territorial Authority Hamilton City), New Zealand's fourth largest city
 * Hamilton City SC, a Canadian professional soccer club in the Canadian Soccer League.

title: Hamilton City


text:
Hammondville

Hammondville is the name of the following places:
 * Hammondville, Alabama, a town in DeKalb county, AL, USA
 * Hammondville, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney, Australia

title: Hammondville


text:
Hammonton

Hammonton may refer to:
 * Hammonton, California
 * Hammonton, New Jersey

title: Hammonton


text:
Judah III

Judah III (or Nesi'ah II; Hebrew: יהודה נשיאה; יודן נשיאה), Yudan Nesiah, was a prominent Jewish sage, who held the office of Nasi of the ancient Jewish Sanhedrin between about 290 and 320 CE (fourth generation of amoraim).

Biography
He was the son of Gamaliel IV, and grandson of Judah II.

It is often difficult to know when the Mishna and Talmud are referring to Judah II or Judah III; they do not clearly distinguish between them. Since the title "Nesi'ah" was borne by both, which of the two in any citation is meant by "Judah Nesi'ah" can be gathered only from internal evidence, especially from the names of the scholars mentioned in the context.

He was a pupil of R. Johanan bar Nappaha (d. 279). In a question regarding the time of the new moon, which he sent to Rav Ammi, he introduces a teaching taught to him by Johanan with the words: "Know that R. Johanan has taught us thus all his life long".

Judah III commissioned Johanan's pupils Ammi and Assi, who directed the Academy of Tiberias in the Land of Israel, after Eleazar ben Pedat's death, to organize the schools for children in the Palestinian cities. Ammi especially appears as his councilor in aggadic questions. He also visited the baths of Gadara with Ammi.

Ammi, however, protested against the number of fast-days which Judah set in times of trouble, saying that the community should not be overburdened. Once Helbo, a pupil of the above-mentioned Samuel ben Nahman, requested Judah, who had absented himself from a fast-day service held in the public square of the city, to take part in the service, which would thereby become more efficacious. The prominent amora Jeremiah is said to have reproached Judah in a letter for hating his friends and loving his enemies.

Germanus, Judah's Roman slave, is mentioned several times.

The most important event of Judah III's patriarchate was the visit of the emperor Diocletian to Palestine. One Friday the patriarch was called upon hurriedly to visit Diocletian at Caesarea Philippi, and his extraordinarily quick journey to there from Tiberias gave rise to a legend in which the aged Samuel ben Nahman appears. On the Church father Epiphanius' reference to the patriarch, see Grätz.

When Judah III died (c. 320), Hiyya bar Abba compelled his colleague Zeira, who was of priestly descent, to ignore, in honor of the dead patriarch, the laws to be observed by kohanim. This scene took place in the "synagogue of the vine" at Sepphoris; hence it is to be assumed that Judah III was buried at Sepphoris. He was succeeded by his son Hillel II.

Jewish tradition holds that Judah III was interred at Ovnit.

title: Judah III


text:
Hanceville

Hanceville may refer to:

 * Hanceville, Alabama
 * Hanceville, British Columbia

title: Hanceville


text:
California Proposition 13

California Proposition 13 may refer to:
 * 1978 California Proposition 13, People's Initiative to Limit Property Taxation
 * 2010 California Proposition 13, Seismic Retrofitting
 * 2020 California Proposition 13, Public Preschool, K-12, and College Health and Safety Bond Act

title: California Proposition 13


text:
PS Maid of the Loch

PS Maid of the Loch is the last paddle steamer built in the United Kingdom. She operated on Loch Lomond for 29 years and is being restored near Balloch pier.

While under restoration, The Maid of the Loch is open to the public every Saturday and Sunday Easter to October, and closed throughout the winter. She is presently on the slipway near Balloch Pier undergoing extensive repairs to her hull, complete paddle restoration and will be coated in her original livery of white, green waterline and buff coloured funnel before being launched again into Loch Lomond.

Construction
Maid of the Loch is the last of a long line of Loch Lomond steamers that began about 1816, within four years of Henry Bell's pioneering passenger steamboat service on the River Clyde. In 1950 the British Transport Commission, owner of the newly nationalised railways, made the decision to replace the Princess May and Prince Edward with a new paddle steamer, to be the largest inland waterway vessel ever in Britain.

Maid of the Loch was built by A. & J. Inglis of Glasgow, launched on 5 March 1953, and entered service later that year. She is a "knock down" ship: that is, after assembly at the shipyard she was dismantled, and shipped to the loch by rail to Balloch at the south end of the loch, and there the sections were reassembled on a purpose built slipway. The tonnage measures, and the length is 208 ft. The two-cylinder compound diagonal steam engine is less advanced than had the more usual type installed on steamers such as the PS Waverley, but was considered suitable for the limited area of operations.

Maid of the Loch was painted white with a buff funnel. She was operated by the Caledonian Steam Packet Company.

Services
Maid of the Loch provided a service from Balloch pier, initially to Ardlui at the north end of the loch, but later her last call was a few miles short of this at Inversnaid and she would cruise to the head of the loch. She was transferred to the Scottish Transport Group in 1969; then in 1973 to Caledonian MacBrayne.

As with other steamers, cost pressures led to her being laid up after a last commercial sailing on 31 August 1981. One problem was that some of the piers on the loch would become unusable, either because of poor state of repair, or silting making the area around them too shallow; some of these piers had not been built to take a vessel as large as the Maid of the Loch. A series of attempts to return the vessel to service under a succession of owners was unsuccessful, and she presented a sad sight gradually deteriorating at the side of the loch.

Restoration
In 1992 Dumbarton District Council bought the Maid of the Loch and restoration work started. In 1995 the Council supported a group of local enthusiasts in setting up a charitable organisation, the Loch Lomond Steamship Company, to take over ownership and carry on restoration. She became ready for static operation with a cafe/bar and function suite in autumn 2000.

The key to the restoration was the repair and refurbishment of the slipway adjacent to the pier at Balloch. There not being any connection to the sea it was not possible to take the ship to a dry dock for repairs to the hull so a slipway with a steam-operated cable-hauled cradle had been built. This had fallen into disrepair by the 1990s and eventually a Heritage Lottery Fund grant was awarded along with assistance from Scottish Enterprise Dunbartonshire, and West Dunbartonshire Council. This enabled the paddle steamer to be lifted out of the water on 27 June 2006.

Fundraising continues for the next stages of the restoration including donations from the Wolfson Foundation, the Paddle Steamer Preservation Society and £950,000 from the Scottish Government's Regeneration Capital Grant Fund, amongst others. There had been the suggestion that if Loch Lomond Steamship Company raised £1.7 million by June 2018, that the Heritage Lottery Fund would donate £3.8 million towards the restoration, however in September 2018 it was announced that the Heritage Lottery Fund had decided against this donation.

In January 2019 an unsuccessful attempt was made to winch the Maid of the Loch out of the water onto her slipway but the ship snapped its ties and slid back into the loch, however a second attempt in July 2021 with a new carriage was successful. Restoration work continues on the ship, with her interiors being returned to their original 1950s appearance while adding modern conveniences like a lift between decks, and also enabling her engines and paddles to turn slowly fed by a package boiler mounted on the pier.

In 2019 the project was set back due to a failed bid to the National Lottery Fund. However, it received £950k from the Scottish Government and £50k from the Paddle Steamer Preservation Society. This funding was used as described above. The charity has now built a new, more robust Slipway carriage using funds supplied by a variety of sources, most notably, Historic Environment Scotland as the slipway and the Steam Winch House form a Grade A listed structure.

title: PS Maid of the Loch


text:
Synod of Pistoia

The Synod of Pistoia was a 1786 diocesan synod in the Catholic diocese of Pistoia, then part of the territory of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. It was convoked by its bishop Scipione de' Ricci under the patronage and active support of the Habsburg-Lorraine Grand Duke Leopold. The synod adopted a series of decrees of Febronian or Gallican tendency, against the background of Enlightenment thinking. Leopold hoped the synod's resolutions would be taken up by a "national" council and increase state autocratic control over the Church in Tuscany. However, in 1787 the ensuing synod of bishops rejected the Pistoia decrees, and in 1794 Pope Pius VI condemned 85 of them, leading Ricci to recant.

Circular letter
On January 26, 1786 the Grand Duke issued a circular letter to the bishops of Tuscany, suggesting certain "reforms", especially in the matter of the revival of the holding of diocesan synods, the purging of the missals and breviaries of legends, the assertion of episcopal as against papal authority, the curtailing of the privileges of the monastic orders, and improved education for the clergy.

In spite of the hostile attitude of the great majority of the Tuscan bishops, on July 31, 1786 Bishop de Ricci issued a summons to a diocesan synod, which was solemnly opened on the September 18. In convoking the synod, he invoked the authority of Pius VI, who had previously recommended a synod as the normal means of diocesan renewal. It was attended by 233 beneficed secular priests and 13 regulars and decided with practical unanimity on a series of decrees which, had it been possible to carry them into effect, would have involved drastic changes in the Tuscan Church on the lines advocated by Febronius.

Decrees
The first decree (Decretum de fide et ecclesia) declared that the Catholic Church had no right to introduce new dogmas, but only to preserve in its original purity the faith once delivered by Christ to His apostles, and was infallible only so far as it conforms to Holy Scripture and true tradition; the Church, moreover was a purely spiritual body and had no authority in things secular. Other decrees denounced the supposed abuse of indulgences, of festivals of saints, and of processions and proposed revised regulations; others again enjoined the closing of shops on Sunday during divine service, the introduction of the vernacular tongue into the Roman Rite, the issue of editions of liturgical texts for the devotional use of the people that had parallel translations in the vernacular, and recommended the abolition of all monastic orders except that of St. Benedict, the rules of which were to be brought into harmony with modern ideas; nuns were to be forbidden to take vows before the age of 40. The last of the decrees proposed the convocation of a national council.

Overall, the synod's measures incorporated demands made previously by the Jansenist party, opposing for example devotion to the Sacred Heart, though the synod cannot be said to have been Jansenist in essence. Some of its proposals had already been Church law for centuries, others were moderate pastoral measures, others concerned matters well beyond the authority of any diocesan body and others were in any case more in the nature of "fillers" to make up a heady and high-sounding revolutionary manifesto. The driving force was the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty, as was evident to the clergy faced with the synod's draft proposals, who understandably took discretion to be the better part of valour. Bishop Ricci seized his moment, and seems to have adhered with enthusiasm to the event, but at the same time he had limited choice given the domination of the absolutist regime in Tuscany, a small state, but backed by the international power wielded by the Habsburg-Lorrainers.

Assembly in Florence
The synod's decrees were issued together with a pastoral letter of Bishop Ricci, and were warmly approved by the Grand Duke, at whose instance a "national" synod of the Tuscan bishops met at Florence on April 23, 1787. At this point, however, the plan stalled. The temper of this new assembly, like its composition, was wholly different. The bishops refused to allow a voice to any not of their own order, and in the end the decrees of Pistoia were supported by only three bishops.

Notwithstanding, as a propaganda tool in an ideological war, the acts of the synod of Pistoia were published in Latin and Italian at Pavia in 1788.

Pius VI commissioned four bishops, assisted by theologians of the secular clergy, to examine the Pistoia resolutions, and deputed a congregation of cardinals and bishops to pass judgment on them. These condemned the synod and declared eighty-five of its propositions to be erroneous and dangerous. The synod's teachings were finally condemned by the papal bull Auctorem fidei of August 28, 1794. De' Ricci, deprived of the personal support of the Grand Duke (who had in the meantime become Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II), under pressure from Rome, and threatened with mob violence as a suspected destroyer of holy relics, resigned his see in 1791, and lived in Florence as a private gentleman until his death. In May 1805, upon the return of Pope Pius VII from Paris, he signed an act of submission to papal authority.

Legacy
The Melkite Greek Catholic Church held the Synod of Qarqafe in 1806 which ratified and adapted the Synod of Pistoia for the Melkite church.

title: Synod of Pistoia


text:
Mark Kamins

Mark Kamins (April 13, 1955 – February 14, 2013) was an American record producer, remixer, and disc jockey famous for his role in the New York club scene. He is best known for helping launch the career of singer Madonna by bringing her to Sire Records and producing her debut single "Everybody" in 1982.

Life and career
Kamins attended Elizabeth Irwin High School in New York City. He grew up with songwriter Bob Thiele Jr. and they went to school with jazz drummer Denardo Coleman and photographer Amy Arbus.

As a teenager, Kamins worked at a record shop, Record Connection, where he met DJs and that led to his first DJing gig at the nightclub Le Jardin. After Kamins graduated from college in 1977, he went to London where his then-girlfriend worked at Virgin Megastore. At the shop, he met someone who offered him a job in Greece and he ended up DJing in Athens for a year at a club called Anabella's. When he returned to New York, he got a job at a rock club called Trax on 72nd Street and Columbus Avenue.

In 1979, Chris Blackwell, the founder of Island Records, heard Kamins Djing at Trax and hired him to do A&R for the label. He signed the Waitresses and Was Not Was to Island records.

When Jim Fouratt and Rudolf Pieper opened the first Danceteria nightclub in 1980, they hired Kamins as a DJ. When the club closed, he was hired by Steve Mass to DJ at the Mudd Club on White Street. He later returned to work at the second Danceteria on 21st Street.

Around this time, Kamins began remixing songs. His first remix was "Big Business" (1981) by David Byrne. He suggested the instrumental for "Pull Up to the Bumper" (1981) by Grace Jones. "That was a B-Side of a Junior Tucker song. It was just a Sly & Robbie dub track that was hanging around. I gave it to Grace to write some lyrics on it, and she came up with "Pull Up to the Bumper."

In 1982, Madonna, then an aspiring singer gave Kamins the demo tape of her song "Everybody" at Danceteria. They became romantically involved and Kamins played her music for Blackwell in hopes to sign her but he said, "I'm not gonna sign my A&R guy's girlfriend." Kamins then sent the tape to Seymour Stein, head of Sire Records. Stein was impressed with the song and asked to meet Madonna while he was admitted to Lenox Hill Hospital, ultimately signing her to a singles deal. Kamins produced Madonna's debut single "Everybody" which was released in October 1982.

Kamins remixed "A Nite Out" (1983) and "Peacetrain" (1984) by Urban Blight. In 1984, Kamins recorded the Beastie Boys. He produced the 1985 album Pigs and Battleships by Quando Quango. In 1985, Steve Rubell hired Kamins as DJ at the opening week of the Palladium nightclub, but his style didn't work well at the club and he was fired after the opening night.

Kamins opened his own venue, The Harem, where live Turkish musicians would play along with instrumental house tracks that he would play.

On February 14, 2013, Kamins died at the age of 57 after he suffered "a massive coronary" in Guadalajara, Mexico, where he had been teaching. He was survived by a son.

title: Mark Kamins


text:
Talk:Murder on the Orient Express

Additions to 2010 TV production description
I made additions to the description of the 2010 TV adaptation which are accurate and reflect the production's changes to the character list, yet someone saw fit to remove them without explanation. I would appreciate it if these additions were left in place as they are correct90.192.14.248 (talk) 02:10, 17 December 2017 (UTC)

Spoiler

 * This book was also noted for its surprise ending, where it is revealed that all of them did it - the twelve suspects are the twelve executioners, taking justice into their own hands for a crime that the law did not punish.

This should be cut down to "This book was also noted for its surprise ending" or something similar; I think telling the end solution of a detective story is a bit too much (even with the spoiler disclaimer), and saying there is a surprise ending doesn't need any "proof" to show it really is surprising. --Farside 16:08, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry, but I'm restoring this text, as per Content disclaimer: Wikipedia contains spoilers. And we have a spoiler warning on the page; however, as an encyclopedia, it is our function to provide information, not act as a teaser to bolster sales. Girolamo Savonarola 11:17, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Avoiding spoilers isn't about bolstering sales, it's about not spoiling books and films that people intend to read or watch. Believe it or not, some people don't want to know what happens at the end of a murder mystery.

Then perhaps you might want to provide the correct information. Poirot specifically exonerates one of the thirteen suspects.

Article title
'Murder in the Calais Coach' is the American title of 1934 (Dodd Mead, New York), but the 'original title' (Collins, London, 1934) was always 'Murder on the Orient Express'. Ma'ame Michu 22:53, 27 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Stupid viewers
Many viewers, unfamiliar with the plot, thought that the murder mystery would take place against a dramatic backdrop of a world-famous train speeding through exotic landscapes and were disappointed to find that the train is stalled in snow for most of the movie. Do we have a source for this? Mark1 00:16, 22 December 2005 (UTC)
 * How is that interesting,, to remark on stupid viewers of an adaptation of this novel? I would not look for a source myself. --Prairieplant (talk) 04:43, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

I made several edits a couple of days ago, and made more today
Whoever wrote the synopsis either didn't read the book, or didn't read it closely. There are numerous errors.

The "editors" of Wikipedia, and I use the term in the loosest possible sense, must have disapproved of the method in which I made my corrections, since they deleted my commentary. However, while they were doing so, they also deleted any reference to a fairly pivotal character. Very sloppy.

Please don't stop leaving "commentary" on the front page- if you have something to say, say it here.

You might want to reread that, mon ami. You're asking me to keep leaving commentary on the front page. Besides, I've left the same commentary several times now. How about one of you bright young things get off your ass and fix it so that the synopsis is correct?

 * Lemme get this straight - you have enough time and effort to write out what the errors are - several times after reversions, even - but can't be bothered to actually just do the simple work of making the corrections? If you have more info or corrections, by all means make them! That's the whole point of a wiki. I'm just helping to copy-edit the article; I haven't read the book in at least ten years myself. Girolamo Savonarola 00:37, 22 April 2006 (UTC)

Whereas I have the book in front of me - and it shows that all my comments were correct. But someone else decided s/he was right, and removed an edit that I made WITHOUT fanfare - the extra T in Colonel Arbuthnot's name.

That, I assume, is the "point" of a wiki - accuracy isn't an issue.

→This page appears to have been vandalized by 72.82.60.233. I'm going to revert it to the previous version. -wgw2024 0434 PST 9/20/06

CSI
"In a final scene where the characters put themselves in their position to see if they would have taken part, all agree they would have. Except Gil Grissom, who pointed out it all could have been avoided if one person spoke out..." spoke out how? could someone explain this? --dan 00:46, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I saw that episode. As I recall, the victim wasn't having a panic attack, as claimed, at all. He was very sick. His brain was swollen. Grissam didn't point out "it all could have been avoided if one person spoke out...", but said it could have been prevented if someone had taken the trouble to speak to the victim and ask him what was wrong.
 * The connection with the matter at hand, if there is one, is tenuous at best. I deleted the text. If someone wants to cite a source as a basis to claim such a connection, it could perhaps be reinstated.... in an abbreviated form. TheMadBaron 03:43, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

UK date format?
Since this is an article about a UK-related subject, shouldn't it use the UK date format (day month year) consistently throughout per the Wikipedia style guidelines? If so, could an established Wikipedian make the fix? Thanks.... 75.44.37.47 (talk) 18:14, 16 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I did that today, put day month year format everywhere it was not, previously. And deleted periods after titles like Mr and Mrs and Dr, and spelled out Monsieur for the French M. --Prairieplant (talk) 04:45, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

Benny Hill spoof
The Benny Hill Show made a spoof of this story, called "Murder on the Oregon Express," set on a steam train in the American West, but with the "cast" being mainly based on detectives on popular American TV series in the '60s and '70s (Barnaby Jones, Police Woman, Ironside, etc.). If there is some way that could be worked into the article, it probably should be. 64.85.229.248 (talk) 04:15, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

Poirot: Murder on the Orient Express (2010)
I disagree with the assertion currently on the page that the ending of the 2010 TV adaptation was ambiguous; M. Poirot is clearly shown handing over the conductor's jacket and explaining how the button was lost etc. in accordance with the false explanation fabricated by the 12, who are then shown to appear relieved at his apparent mercy.
 * Absolutely right, changing it now. U-Mos (talk) 16:42, 27 December 2010 (UTC)

I question much of the 2010 compilation section. "Faithful to the original" is a highly subjective opinion. I found it laughably out of touch from the first scenes where the officer's suicide is not treated as an englishman's honorable way out as it is throughout Christie, it went down hill from there with stoning a woman in the streets of Istanbul presumably to bash a Muslim country in light of 21st century red state sensibilities. It went down hill from there. However I am aware that this is MY OPINION and I'm not trying to pass it off as anything but.

No little gray cells, none of his famous arrogance, not a throw-away phrase of French. This "Poirot" is simply a man who has the same name as Christie's detective. The adaptation keeps none of him except the moustaches which it needs for reasons of plot. Oh but he's holding a rosary and praying himself to sleep. This is not typical of the Suchet portrayals before or after 2003, but the statement is in there with no attribution. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.110.37.235 (talk) 01:34, 21 February 2011 (UTC)

While I'm quite a fan of this adaptation, which I see as a more complex take on the character—Poirot's depicted as being in a very bad place throughout the movie due to watching a guy kill himself in front of him, and his "arrogance" is reflected more in moral pretentiousness than goofy-ha-ha moments for that reason—I have to question the decision to eliminate all details on the changes from the original. This adaptation is important, whether you like it or not, and it made some seriously heavy modifications to the source material that should be acknowledged. Speaking as the guy who unknowingly set off the little edit war y'all had that eventually resulted in the whole section getting stripped, it seems excessive. It's a movie-length adaptation, and the controversy itself indicates it should be awarded a bit more attention. 207.55.107.7 (talk) 08:21, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

Pera Palace Hotel
(same question both in Talk:Pera Palace Hotel and Talk:Murder on the Orient Express)

Is there any proof (other than what is alleged by Pera Palace Hotel) that Ms Christie really wtote Murder on the Orient Express while staying in this hotel? Did Janet Morgan give any clue about this in her Agatha Christie : a Biography, London: Collins, 1984, ISBN 0002163306 ? Hégésippe | ±Θ± 17:53, 21 December 2011 (UTC)

Why Cassetti Left the United States
He expected he would be lynched. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.104.203.147 (talk) 07:57, 8 March 2013 (UTC)

Error in Book?
Mary Debenham is stated to be 26 years old in Part 2 of Chapter 10, yet in Chapter 7 of part 3, when Mary states that she had not recognized Sonja Armstron's sister, she gives as the excuse that she had not seen her for more than 13 years. That would make Mary a 12 or 13 year old Governess at the time of the murder. (I am reading from the Spanish language edition, I assume I have read the translation correctly.) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.104.220.195 (talk) 17:43, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

In my English language edition (Fontana Collins, 11th impression, December 1974), Mary Debenham's words in Chapter 7 of Part 3 are "It may seem extraordinary to you, but I did not recognise her. She was not grown up, you see, when I knew her. That was over three years ago." Perhaps there's an error in the Spanish translation?Rithom (talk) 21:19, 3 January 2018 (UTC)

Alteration in novel text re: Description of Poirot
There is a baffling alteration to the text of the novel that I have noticed. In the editions I have, in the 1st chapter, 2nd paragraph, Hercule Poirot is described as 'a small lean man' in both a US Harper paperback from 2011 and a British Harper paperback from 2015. However, a British Fontana/Collins paperback from 1974 and a British Collins hardcover from 1987 both omit the word 'lean', so Poirot is just 'a small man'. The same goes for the facsimile of the 1st edition, which can be seen in the 'Look inside' feature of amazon.co.uk. Both the 1974 paperback and 1987 hardcover are clearly printed from type, the facsimile is clearly copied from a type-set page, and just as clearly both the 2011 and 2015 paperback have a digital page layout, most likely from a text file that has been scanned off some earlier printed edition. But the difference in text seems mysterious. The only possibility that comes to mind is that the word 'lean' has been added to the later, scanned-text editions, either deliberately or as a result of some kind of error - after all, scanning errors do occur in reprinted classics. However, it would be hard to imagine a scanning error that would result in a completely new word being inserted, although likewise it is hard to see why a deliberate alteration like that would have been made by the publisher. I am at loss with this discovery, and I think it should be worked into the text of the article, but I don't quite see how. Link to the amazon.co.uk page mentioned: https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0007234406/ref=s9u_simh_gw_i2?ie=UTF8&fpl=fresh&pd_rd_i=0007234406&pd_rd_r=AWQT30GJ7SQMJGPE93R1&pd_rd_w=Xxm39&pd_rd_wg=aBb4F&pf_rd_m=A3P5ROKL5A1OLE&pf_rd_s=&pf_rd_r=S7MH6J9VJERS1XQJTS1S&pf_rd_t=36701&pf_rd_p=e586113b-1187-49e7-b25c-760581bc9374&pf_rd_i=desktop — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jkankaanpaa (talk • contribs) 06:44, 15 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Publishers make frustrating mistakes now and then, as do Wikipedia editors. Poirot is not lean in any description I have read, so consider it a simple mistake, . --Prairieplant (talk) 04:48, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

"Plot detail"
This section was basically an unnecessary extended plot summary combined with orginal research (including the graphic of the coach). I've removed it. Casual readers of an encylopedia looking up a novel do not expect to find this amount of unsourced analysis and nor does anyone need this much plot detail. ZarhanFastfire (talk) 15:57, 19 November 2017 (UTC)

While I agree that readers don't want an encyclopedic plot summary, more than a few sentences seemed appropriate and I have added them here. Ljadwin (talk) 21:53, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

Simplon-Orient Express Calais coach
I made a couple of simple corrections to this section but question whether it should be there at all. How does it inform, given that almost everybody named in this grid is not mentioned elsewhere in the article?

Alternatively, if others feel this section should be kept: can anyone verify the the cabin numbers are indeed out of numerical sequence, as shown?

Nick Levine (talk) 03:07, 4 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Your instincts are good. It's part of the massive amount of detailed original research I removed the last couple of weeks (noted just above this section); that's why so much is there that is not referenced anywhere else: it was in the so-called plot detail which basically had so much you didn't need to bother reading the novel at all, which is not what an encyclopedia is for, of course: we're here to tell you about a book, not provide a Cole's notes length of detail so someone can get away with not reading the book for a course or something, or whatever it is that motivates people to write five-page summaries of a novel and schematics of cabin plans which amount to OR. Even not considering that, if a plot summary cannot possibly mention the names of all the suspects, what possible use is it to show where they are in their cabins? It's a level of detail completely unncessary. ZarhanFastfire (talk) 06:56, 4 December 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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This article needs a Character list for the novel
I stopped at this article hunting for already formatted versions of the references in the lead, not because I just read the novel, or I would do this myself. There is no character list for the novel. The adaptations mention characters and substituted characters, so I think a simple list of the characters would be an improvement. --Prairieplant (talk) 04:51, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

I added this list. Ljadwin (talk) 22:17, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

Japanese Translation
, what exactly is it you have tagged for translation here, I can't see anything requiring translation-- Jac 16888 Talk 15:43, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

 * I can make no sense of this "The title was Orient Kyuukou Satsujin Jiken (オリエント急行殺人事件),not English-inline" Orient Kyuukou Satsujin Jiken seems like Japanese transliterated to the Latin alphabet, and it is followed by the Japanese characters. Do those words have meanings in English? I have no facility in Japanese, words or characters. The template means that phrase exactly and not the whole paragraph. Relying on google translate again, from the Japanese characters, the meaning seems to "Orient express murder case", which, if that is a proper translation, what I would like to see in the text, either in the order Japanese (English) or English (Japanese).

 * I added a trans-title to the citation preceding this sentence, using google translate, or the citation would have been wholly in Japanese characters. Accurate in Japanese, I assume, but not legible to me. Foreign language sources are great, but this is English Wikipedia where people come to read in English. Clearer now? --Prairieplant (talk) 16:02, 3 September 2018 (UTC)
 * That phrase is essentially just "Murder on the Orient Express" or "A Case on the Orient Express" is probably closer. It is basically just "Murder on the Orient Express" translated into Japanese and then Japanese characters-- Jac 16888 Talk 16:18, 3 September 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Murder on the Orient Express


text:
Johannes Stöffler

Johannes Stöffler (also Stöfler, Stoffler, Stoeffler; 10 December 1452 – 16 February 1531) was a German mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, priest, maker of astronomical instruments and professor at the University of Tübingen.

Life
Johannes Stöffler was born on 10 December 1452, in Justingen (now part of Schelklingen) on the Swabian Alb. Having received his basic education at the Blaubeuren monastery school, he registered at the newly founded University of Ingolstadt on 21 April 1472, where he was consequently promoted Baccalaureus in September 1473 and Magister in January 1476. After finishing his studies he obtained the parish of Justingen where he, besides his clerical obligations, concerned himself with astronomy, astrology and the making of astronomical instruments, clocks and celestial globes. He conducted a lively correspondence with leading humanists - for example, Johannes Reuchlin, for whom he made an equatorium and wrote horoscopes.

In 1499 he predicted that a deluge would cover the world on 20 February 1524. In 1507, at the instigation of Duke Ulrich I he received the newly established chair of mathematics and astronomy at the University of Tübingen, where he excelled in rich teaching and publication activities and finally was elected rector in 1522. By the time of his appointment he already enjoyed a virtual monopoly in ephemeris-making in collaboration with Jacob Pflaum, continuing the calculations of Regiomontanus through 1531, and then through 1551, the latter being published posthumously in 1531.

His treatise on the construction and the use of the astrolabe, entitled Elucidatio fabricae ususque astrolabii, was published in several editions and served astronomers and surveyors for a long time as a standard work.

Philipp Melanchthon and Sebastian Münster rank among his most famous students. When a plague epidemic forced the division and relocation of his university to the surrounding countryside in 1530, Stöffler went to Blaubeuren and died there on 16 February 1531 of the plague. He was buried in the choir of the collegiate church (Stiftskirche) in Tübingen.

Works

 * 1493: A celestial globe for the Bishop of Konstanz. This globe, as the sole remaining and most important object of his workshop, is exhibited at the Landesmuseum Württemberg in the Old Castle in Stuttgart.
 * 1496: An astronomical clock for the Minster of Konstanz.
 * 1498: A celestial globe for the Bishop of Worms.
 * 1499: An Almanac (Almanach nova plurimis annis venturis inserentia) published in collaboration with the astronomer Jakob Pflaum of Ulm, which was designated as a continuation of the ephemeris of Regiomontanus. It had a large circulation, underwent 13 editions until 1551 and exerted a strong effect on Renaissance astronomy.
 * 1512 - 1514: Commentary on Ptolemy's Geography. Unpublished manuscript with comments on books 1 and 2 of the Geography, preserved at University of Tübingen; the remaining commentaries were lost in a fire in 1534.
 * 1513: A book on the construction and use of the astrolabe (Elucidatio fabricae ususque astrolabii), published in 16 editions up until 1620, and, in 2007, for the first time in English.
 * 1514: Astronomical tables (Tabulae astronomicae).
 * 1518: A proposal for a calendar revision (Calendarium romanum magnum) which formed a foundation for the Gregorian calendar.
 * 1532
 * 1534 (posthumously published): Commentary on the Sphaera of pseudo-Proclus (Ioannis Stoefleri Iustingensis mathematici eruditissimi, faciléque omnium principis, in Procli Diadochi, authoris grauissimi Sphæram mundi, omnibus numeris longè absolutissimus commentarius)
 * 1534

Legacy
The lunar crater "Stöfler" (with one f) was named in his honour.

title: Johannes Stöffler


text:
Category:Sultans of the Ottoman Empire

 * This category contains the sultans of the Ottoman Empire (1299−1922).

title: Category:Sultans of the Ottoman Empire