text:
User talk:Steerpike

Add a new heading below to discuss any of my edits you like.

/Sandbox /Archive 1 /Image disputes

Nero, Tiberius and Caligula
Thanks for the encouragement on Nero. I really appreciate it.

I have no clue what happened to the original Nero image. It just vanished. I guess that Bill Oaf character scared wiki into taking it down. I suppose it could be argued that the first scetch of the graffiti was an original form of art, though not very original if you ask me (copying from stone to paper). I decided to go around it and just do the scetch myself. Problem solved.

I've tried at different times to aid the Caligula article, but its a harder one to manage. Its gets more traffic and gets edited more. Its easier to research though. There are really only three short sources on Caligula (Philo, Josephus and Suetonius) and he only reigned 4 years. I'll try to help out with it and Tiberius (who I know nothing about yet, but would like to)

With Nero, I realized the only way to get the article to stop changing was to source every line and check on it every few days. You really have to own it. After 2000 years, people are still emotionally charged about him which makes him so interesting.

Thanks.Hoshidoshi 04:13, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Tiberius is an interesting character; a lot more complex than I previously thought. Unfortunately the current article is a bit one-sided, mostly emphasizing the reasons for his unpopularity and mentioning little of his policies. To be fair, nearly half of his reign was spent in withdrawal on Capri, but I still think the article does not mention much of his Eastern policies, his diplomacy, his religious policy, etc... especially given the massive coverage provided by Tacitus. Caligula is a bit more straightforward, as you say. His reign was brief and the sources on it are limited. It's a real shame we lost Tacitus' account of this period, although it probably wasn't very positive, given the few foreshadowing comments in his text on Tiberius.

 * When I started editing, the article in Caligula was actually in better shape than the one on Tiberius. I haven't noticed much vandalising btw, but maybe that's because I'm primarily used to watching over video game articles and they get littered with inane comments *all the time*. I'll probably restricit myself to providing citations for the time being. After that, I'll try and expand the article on Tiberius. --Steerpike 13:36, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

Space music
Hi. It seems like you have an interest in ambient music. I wonder if you wouldn't mind taking a look at Space music when you get a chance. There is currently an ongoing issue there with one editor trying to suggest that space music is not a genre of ambient - and the discussion would certainly benefit from outside opinions by knowledgeable parties. --Gene_poole 07:16, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

Sonic the Hedgehog (8-bit)
Why do you think that the 8-bit version of Sonic the Hedgehog is warranting an article? It's more or less the same game. - A Link to the Past (talk) 03:56, 1 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Well maybe it doesn't. I checked on that article and saw it had been changed into a redirect so I thought it was vandalism of some sort. Sorry! --Steerpike 10:57, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Titus
Thanks for asking me to look at the Titus article. Your expansions look excellent; the article reads well, I think all the important material is now covered, and your references to the ancient sources will be very useful for readers who want to follow the info up. The only possible factual issues are with some of the material that was present before your edits; for example, some of the dates for Titus' early career are conjectural. I'll see what I can do about finding sources for these points and the ones you mention on Talk (the Jones-Milns commentary on Suetonius has proven quite handy in looking over the first couple of paragraphs). With a few extra sources the article should easily meet the good article standards. Nice work. :) EALacey 17:17, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Bad links in Elagabalus
Someone wrote me that bad links were being added to this article, and thought that my transcription of Books 79 and 80 might be at fault; I've just taken a look, and the links are bad, all right, but because they're being inserted without looking at the sourcecode of those pages. For example "LXXX.16" is not as inserted, but #79-16.7 — If you feel that direct links to Dio are useful in this article, you need to check they're right.... Best, Bill 11:04, 6 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm the one who emailed you about that, actually :) I was planning to fix this today. Thanks for your reply! You're right I should have looked at the sourcecode, which you mention in your introduction to Dio's Roman History, so sorry for bothering you about it. I browsed through all your FAQs before sending my email but forgot to check the most important page :) Cheers. --Steerpike 11:19, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Ah, that wuz you; makes sense! And I in turn have some filling in of links to do (in other Books of Dio), as I mentioned in our e-mails, now that it's clear they're of use. Best, Bill 11:31, 6 August 2007 (UTC)

Hi Steerpike
Nice work on Augustus, dude. Really though, good job, great picture, more coherent sub-section headings, all around more polished because of your efforts and that of wiki member Laura Scudder. Thanks for replying on the talk page too, I too would like to see all of the Roman Emperors (and some important statesmen and generals) lifted to at least GA status. I think that will be my next project as well. I see from your user page that you have made some significant contributions to several articles.

Also, I'm glad you liked the Song Dynasty articles, it was a lot of work creating the six related sub-articles: History, Culture, Society, Economy, Technology, and Architecture.

Lot's of work, but it looks beautifully done. That's how I want Augustus' article to look!

Take care.-- Pericles of Athens  Talk 13:57, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

Sejanus GA on hold
Nehrams2020 21:54, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

Praetorian Guard
It's done, with appropriate citations. Thanks for bringing that to attention.-- Pericles of Athens  Talk 20:29, 23 August 2007 (UTC)

Titus
Nice work on getting this to GA status. I hope you make a push for FA before too long. :) --mav 18:46, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks! It's one of my prouder articles on Wikipedia :). Still needs some tweaking before I'd take it to FA though. --Steerpike 21:24, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
 * This article looks to me like it could go to FAC. Is there any content missing? Do you need a hand for this? Nergaal (talk) 16:59, 15 October 2008 (UTC)
 * The main problem with this article at the moment is that it references ancient (primary) sources almost exclusively. This almost guarantees a quick-fail during the FAC review process. The content should be re-written from the point of view of modern academic (secondary) literature. Unfortunately, the only major biographical work concerning Titus (The Emperor Titus, Brian Jones) has gone out of print. --Steerpike (talk) 17:36, 13 December 2008 (UTC)

Your GA nomination of Berenice of Cilicia
The article Berenice of Cilicia you nominated as a good article has been placed on hold. It hasn't failed because it's basically a good article, but there are some minor changes or clarifications needed to be addressed. If these are fixed within seven days, the article will pass, otherwise it will fail. See Talk:Berenice of Cilicia for things needed to be addressed.  T Rex  | talk  02:59, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Congratulations it has passed.  T Rex  | talk  03:24, 27 September 2007 (UTC)

Article importance scale for WikiProject Equine
Hello. WikiProject Equine is discussing an article importance scale here. Your POV would be appreciated. --Una Smith (talk) 18:39, 16 March 2008 (UTC)

Re: Tomb Raider
I should've put an explanation on the talkpage when I added the template. That was my mistake. Anyway, there are too many images in the article, most of which are unimportant; we don't need pictures of "key items" or multiple locations Lara encounters in her travels, and the "Unfinished Business" image is exactly the same as the original box art. Just the original box art and a couple screenshots are needed. There was a similar problem of a glut of copyrighted images on some of the Harry Potter character pages, which we solved by simply removing some of them and leaving a couple older ones.  Beemer 69  23:46, 18 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Ok, I'm just going to copy-paste this to the relevant section on the Tomb Raider talkpage. We'll continue from there, so others can join in. --Steerpike (talk) 14:31, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Bust of Domitian
Just in case nobody can make it up to the museum, the TMA has the following on their website:

For Images, Rights Permission, and Licensing

Please send a written request to:

Rights and Reproductions

Toledo Museum of Art

P.O. Box 1013

Toledo, Ohio 43697

or fax to 419-254-5089

No e-mail requests will be processed.

They may be able to send you some great images that Wikipedia can use. Since I can see international mail being a bit expensive I would be happy to send a letter for you; if you provide me with a .doc of what to send. Hope that helps! §hep  •   ¡Talk to me!  20:32, 1 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks! For now, we can just wait and see if any Wikipedians come up with pictures. If nothing turns up, we could consider writing the museum. It's quite possible of course they deny free use of official photographs. Cheers. --Steerpike (talk) 21:51, 1 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you Steerpike. In short, I will extend this article. Jaime85.

 * I'm so sorry I'm just replying now! You sent me a message about sending a letter to the museum over the summer.  It happened while I was recovering from getting nussed and it got archived without me seeing it.  I subscribed to the indexer bot and it came straight to my attention. So here I am! Now that that's out of the way.  Did you have anything in particular you'd like the letter to say?  Sorry again,  §hep   •   ¡Talk to me!  00:25, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

 * That's ok, not your fault. Might not be worth the trouble writing the museum though. They'd have to be willing to donate free pictures, which they probably won't. It would be less of a hassle of someone just went there and took the picture him/herself. But right now, it's not really urgent for me anymore (if it ever was). I still think it's an amazing statue (the most beautiful of this emperor to have survived), but right now the article has plenty of pictures. So, don't feel hard-pressed to write the letter. Cheers. --Steerpike (talk) 11:33, 9 November 2008 (UTC)

The music section
When you say Reasons for deletion? (at the Tomb Raider article). What are you refering to? --Tulok (talk) 17:04, 7 July 2008 (UTC)
 * That comment was related to another edit, made by an anonymous user. But regarding the music section: there really isn't thát much worth mentioning, at least not much that can be properly sourced as far as I know. So I don't think it really deserves a prominent place in the article. I did wonder why you deleted the composer information though? --Steerpike (talk) 18:33, 7 July 2008 (UTC)

Tigidius Perennis
Regarding this diff - nothing's wrong with them, if you say they're okay. The edit was made by an abusive sockpuppet with no constructive contribs from any of his many accounts (aside from this edit, apparently) so I reverted them to be on the safe side. If you vouch for the content and sources, it's fine by me. Kafziel Complaint Department 07:27, 11 July 2008 (UTC)

Domitian
Agreed. Excuse me my brevity, but I translate English better than what I speak or write. When we finish these two articles, there will be two new FAs ;). Regards. Jaime —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.7.172.111 (talk) 00:28, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Nice work in article Domitian --Rjecina (talk) 23:36, 17 July 2008 (UTC)

Domitian (FA)
Congrats! Ealdgyth - Talk 01:37, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Dear God! You rock. I will have to read this article in its entirety. Manhattan Samurai (talk) 06:29, 3 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks! That was sudden, actually. I don't think it's quite perfect yet, so I'll probably keep tweaking :) --Steerpike (talk) 11:26, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem
Thanks for your uploads. You've indicated that the following images are being used under a claim of fair use, but you have not provided an adequate explanation for why they meet Wikipedia's requirements for such images. In particular, for each page an image is used on, the image must have an explanation linking to that page which explains why it needs to be used on that page. Can you please check

 * That there is a non-free use rationale on the image's description page for each article the image is used in.
 * That every article it is used on is linked to from its description page.

 * Image:Tomb Raider 2 Ice Palace.png
 * Image:Tomb Raider 2 Venice.png

This is an automated notice by FairuseBot. For assistance on the image use policy, see Media copyright questions. --17:36, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

Anonymous edits in Roman articles
A question was asked at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Classical Greece and Rome about articles edited recently by Special:Contributions/24.18.119.54. I glanced through Lucius Seius Strabo. My opinion (reached very hastily) is that all the changes were (certainly or probably) improvements. The anonymous contributor All these changes were good. I think the contributor's fault is not to have realised that it's better to have an account, and better to explain major changes on talk pages. You reverted the article -- and I can see why you did! -- but I think, in this case, it would be much better to accept the changes. And rew D alby 18:22, 11 December 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) removed the alternative name Lucius Aelius Strabo, which was a mistake made by someone who doesn't understand Roman names;
 * 2) removed some irrelevant material that belonged in other articles;
 * 3) improved the phraseology, and, more important,
 * 4) made it clearer what are facts and what are uncertain deductions.
 * I agree :) --Steerpike (talk) 20:46, 11 December 2008 (UTC)
 * [At the same moment you wrote that, I wrote:] I see now I was writing to the editor who largely wrote the article. Sorry for not realising that. I still think the anonymous changes were largely improvements -- but, since you have written so much on Roman history, I recognise that you may well have had good reason to think otherwise! And rew D alby  20:49, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

Domitian again
That's a very impressive article. My envious regards to you! Haploidavey (talk) 02:36, 22 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks! --Steerpike (talk) 12:23, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

Diurpanaeus, Decebalus.
Hello, browsing through Trajan's biography by Julian Bennett, I read that the Dacian king Diurpanaeus abdicated in favour of Decebalus after defeating Domitian; the Wikipedia entries on Domitian, Trajan and Decebalus, however, all sustain that Diurpanaeus & Decebalus were the same person, and that "Decebalus" was a title, meaning "the brave one". As this is not the sole instance of possible doubles/doublets in Ancient History, how do you think this should be mentioned? ThanksCerme (talk) 16:24, 27 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I've checked with my volume of "The Emperor Domitian" by Brian Jones, and it does appear that Diurpaneus and Decebalus were two distinct persons. In a footnote, Jones further comments that Diurpaneus (or Dorpaneus) may be another name for Duras, who actually preceded Decebalus as king of Dacia. I will investigate the issue further and see how the information can be incorporated into the articles. Regards. --Steerpike (talk) 17:13, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

Septimius Severus
Hello! On first sight, I think you did a nice job. Birley is a very good scholar for biographies, although he, imho, sometimes overdoes it with his conjectures. As for the section for Religious persecution, it needs improvement (it's entirely based on primary christian sources). I know it is not yours but, perhaps, you can improve it since you own the Birley's book (I don't). Regards.--Dipa1965 (talk) 18:17, 29 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I actually meant to expand the article to three or four times its current size but I abandoned the project when I was about halfway through Severus' early career. I'm sort of busy with college related stuff right now, but it's certainly a project I plan on returning to in the near future. Beyond that though, I have to admit that I plain don't like Septimius Severus all that much. The subject didn't turn out to be as interesting as I thought it would be. Apart from his provincial origins, he's actually one of the less fascinating emperors in the history of the Roman Empire (for me at least). Regards. --Steerpike (talk) 21:59, 29 September 2009 (UTC)

Map error?
Please see the recent comment at Talk:Year of the Four Emperors. The map is titled 69, but seems to include Vespasian's additions to the empire, which of course mostly postdate 69. --Dweller (talk) 13:57, 16 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Ignore me. I've misread the map, as had the original poster. I'll respond. --Dweller (talk) 14:03, 16 November 2009 (UTC)

Disputed non-free use rationale for File:Sonic CD Title.gif
Thank you for uploading File:Sonic CD Title.gif. However, there is a concern that the rationale provided for using this file on Wikipedia may not meet the criteria required by Non-free content. This can be corrected by going to the file description page and adding or clarifying the reason why the file qualifies under this policy. Adding and completing one of the templates available from Non-free use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your file is in compliance with Wikipedia policy. Please be aware that a non-free use rationale is not the same as an image copyright tag; descriptions for files used under the non-free content policy require both a copyright tag and a non-free use rationale.

If it is determined that the file does not qualify under the non-free content policy, it might be deleted by an administrator within a few days in accordance with our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions, please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.  F ASTILYsock (T ALK ) 06:23, 10 May 2010 (UTC)

You are now a Reviewer
Hello. Your account has been granted the "reviewer" userright, allowing you to review other users' edits on certain flagged pages. Pending changes, also known as flagged protection, is currently undergoing a two-month trial scheduled to end 15 August 2010.

Reviewers can review edits made by users who are not autoconfirmed to articles placed under pending changes. Pending changes is applied to only a small number of articles, similarly to how semi-protection is applied but in a more controlled way for the trial. The list of articles with pending changes awaiting review is located at Special:OldReviewedPages.

When reviewing, edits should be accepted if they are not obvious vandalism or BLP violations, and not clearly problematic in light of the reason given for protection (see Reviewing process). More detailed documentation and guidelines can be found here.

If you do not want this userright, you may ask any administrator to remove it for you at any time. Courcelles (talk) 17:47, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Tails Skypatrol Title.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Tails Skypatrol Title.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude2 (talk) 04:06, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Tomb Raider Natla.png
 Thanks for uploading File:Tomb Raider Natla.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude2 (talk) 04:50, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Knuckleschaotix titlescreen.jpeg
 Thanks for uploading File:Knuckleschaotix titlescreen.jpeg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude2 (talk) 04:50, 11 April 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Sonic Spinball Titlescreen.png
 Thanks for uploading File:Sonic Spinball Titlescreen.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude2 (talk) 05:44, 12 April 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Tomb Raider St Francis Folly.png
 Thanks for uploading File:Tomb Raider St Francis Folly.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude2 (talk) 05:49, 12 April 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Tomb Raider Items.png
 Thanks for uploading File:Tomb Raider Items.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude2 (talk) 05:51, 12 April 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Sonic2 HiddenPalace.png
 Thanks for uploading File:Sonic2 HiddenPalace.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of "file" pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Courcelles 04:24, 27 April 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Knuckles Chaotix Marina.png
 Thanks for uploading File:Knuckles Chaotix Marina.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk ) 05:02, 13 October 2011 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Tomb Raider 1 Box.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Tomb Raider 1 Box.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Skier Dude ( talk ) 04:00, 10 February 2012 (UTC)

Something from 2006
This is way back in your editing history but you may still wish to take an interest in it. File:Crash Dummies Working.png and File:Crash Dummies Junkbots.png have flawed licenses, both were uploaded under fairuse criteria, and after a suggestion on the talk page the copyright was modified to say they were freely useable here. However these images are derivative works, and two copyrights are at play, that of the photographer and that of the creator of the subject of the image, the photographer is free to release the rights to his image but has no right to release that of the subject. Although policies at Commons and wikipedia differ, reading Derivative works may help. Some one has to decide if these images are still vital to the article and construct a fair use criteria to keep them.--KTo288 (talk) 19:52, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

 * I have absolutely no attachment to those pictures (sentimental or otherwise), so if you want them removed be my guest. Regards. --Steerpike (talk) 21:39, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:Crash Dummies Working.png
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Crash Dummies Working.png, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. KTo288 (talk) 20:24, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

Possibly unfree File:Crash Dummies Junkbots.png
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Crash Dummies Junkbots.png, has been listed at Possibly unfree files because its copyright status is unclear or disputed. If the file's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. You may find more information on the file description page. You are welcome to add comments to its entry at if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. KTo288 (talk) 20:24, 14 May 2012 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (File:ROTR Loader Defeated.png)
Thanks for uploading File:ROTR Loader Defeated.png. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Hazard-Bot (talk) 04:10, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (File:ROTR Supervisor.png)
Thanks for uploading File:ROTR Supervisor.png. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'file' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "File" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. Hazard-Bot (talk) 04:11, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for January 28
Hi. Thank you for your recent edits. Wikipedia appreciates your help. We noticed though that when you edited Dolly zoom, you added a link pointing to the disambiguation page The Quick and the Dead (check to confirm | fix with Dab solver). Such links are almost always unintended, since a disambiguation page is merely a list of "Did you mean..." article titles. Read the FAQ* Join us at the DPL WikiProject.

It's OK to remove this message. Also, to stop receiving these messages, follow these opt-out instructions. Thanks, DPL bot (talk) 12:12, 28 January 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Request for permission
Hello. I would like to use your useful image File:Flavian_family_tree.png to illustrate a book I am writing. It would be inside a chapter, about 1/2 page in size. The book is commercial (though it is scholarly and therefore not likely to sell a lot of copies). May I have your permission to use it for this purpose? What name should I use for the "creator" of the image? Thank you very much. Sofia Roberts (talk) 02:09, 28 July 2017 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your message. I don't think you actually need my permission to use the image since permission is automatically granted by the image's licence (but it's nice of you to ask). For attribution, you can use my real name (Ben Meuleman) instead of my Wikipedia user name. Alternatively, you could easily recreate the image in powerpoint on your own, since it's just a bunch of boxes linked up with lines. Then you'll have no licenses to worry about. Cheers. Steerpike (talk) 15:31, 28 July 2017 (UTC)

 * Thank you, I appreciate it. Now that I am looking at it closely, I think that there is an error. Quintus Petillius Cerialis was married to Vespasian's daughter, not Vespasian's sister (who according to the Wikipedia Vespasian article) died in infancy. I have looked and I don't see any reference to Cerialis having two marriages. Sofia Roberts (talk) 17:10, 29 July 2017 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Shinobi Legions Game.jpeg
Thanks for uploading File:Shinobi Legions Game.jpeg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 18:59, 3 July 2018 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of File:Gustav Doré Bluebeard.jpg

The file File:Gustav Doré Bluebeard.jpg has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "unused, low-res, no obvious use"

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the file's talk page.

Please consider addressing the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and files for discussion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion.

This bot DID NOT nominate any file(s) for deletion; please refer to the page history of each individual file for details. Thanks, FastilyBot (talk) 01:01, 22 March 2020 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Sonic2 European Box.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Sonic2 European Box.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 02:22, 25 April 2020 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Shinobi Batman.png
Thanks for uploading File:Shinobi Batman.png. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 18:03, 13 September 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Steerpike


text:
Amatsukominato, Chiba

Amatsukominato (天津小湊町) was a town located in Awa District, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

Amatsukominato was formed on February 11, 1955, by the merger of the towns of Amatsu and Kominato.

On February 11, 2005, Amatsukominato was merged into the expanded city of Kamogawa, and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.

In 2003 (the last data available before its merger into Kamogawa), the town had an estimated population of 7,294 and a density of 166 persons per km2. Its total area was 43.95 km2.

The town's economy was largely based on commercial fishing.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Amatsukominato, Chiba


text:
Awa District, Chiba

Awa District (安房郡) is a district located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. As of August 2010, the district had an estimated population of 8,992 and a density of 198 persons per km2. Its total area was 45.16 km2. Awa District at present consists only of the town of Kyonan

History
Awa District was one of the ancient districts of Kazusa Province, and originally covered all of the southern end of Bōsō Peninsula. In 718, it was separated from Kazusa to become the separate province of Awa, which existed to the Meiji Restoration of 1868.

In the cadastral reforms of the early Meiji period, Awa Province was divided into four modern districts in 1868: Awa District (安房郡), Asai District (朝夷郡), Nagasa District (長狭郡) and Hei District (平郡) (formerly called Heguri). At the time of its formation, Awa District consisted of 93 hamlets, divided evenly between Tateyama Domain and Nagao Domain. These were consolidated into two towns (Tateyama and Hōjō, which merged with Tateyama in 1993) and nine villages. In 1897, three districts of Asai, Hei and Nagasa were absorbed into Awa District, at which time Awa District expanded to seven towns and 37 villages. Subsequently, Awa District has been gradually reduced in size through the formation of cities, and at present consists only of the town of Kyonan.

Mergers

 * On February 11, 2005, the town of Amatsukominato merged into the city Kamogawa.
 * On March 20, 2006, the towns of Chikura, Maruyama, Shirahama, Tomiura, Tomiyama and Wada, and the village of Miyoshi merged to form the new city of Minamibōsō.

title: Awa District, Chiba


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Flat Liner cocktail

 * Transwiki recipe. Exploding Boy 13:01, Jul 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. The list of cocktails is an ongoing project that's been around since the Wikipedia started.  Periodically, however, they still turn up here.  Smerdis of Tlön 13:27, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Move to Wikibooks, which is where the whole bartender's manual belongs. - Kenwarren 14:16, Jul 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, cocktails are encyclopedic. - SimonP 17:04, Jul 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * I see your assertion, but nothing to back it up. Why are cocktails encyclopedic? -- orthogonal 15:40, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to WikiCookBook unless historical or cultural information is added, or unless What Wikipedia is not is changed to not disallow recipes. -- Creidieki 21:54, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep for the same reasons as Bourbon county cowboy. --Ardonik 06:33, Jul 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki, delete. What Wikipedia is not.  SWAdair | Talk  07:41, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki, delete, unless SimonP comes up with a convincing answer to my question above. -- orthogonal 15:40, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete.Elf-friend 16:28, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki & delete. Wile E. Heresiarch 19:01, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki recipe Rossami 20:54, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. If you want to delete or Transwiki the list of cocktails, say so; arbitrary removal of individual cocktails merely impoverishes the cocktail list. Personally, I find the list of cocktails an interesting and useful read; I treat the list itself and the cocktails linked from it as a single item. Msahutty 22:00, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
SAMU Social

A SAMU Social is a municipal humanitarian emergency service in several cities in France and worldwide whose purpose is to provide care and medical ambulatory aid and nursing to homeless people and people in social distress. This is partially accomplished via mobile units which distribute food, hot drinks, blankets, etc. Its nickname has been not well accepted because it bears confusion with a SAMU (Service d'Aide Médicale Urgente), which is an ambulance service.

The SAMU Social de Paris lists the following goals as its mission:
 * At night: mobile assistance teams
 * 24-hour management of the 1-1-5 emergency telephone number for Homeless people alert.
 * 24-hour emergency shelters with nursing care
 * During the day: reception at the "Solidarity-Insertion-Centre"
 * Increase the scientific knowledge of impoverished populations, from precarious situations to total exclusion, by identifying and analysing the sanitary and social problematic
 * Observing the phenomenon of wanderings, by establishing a typology of populations, tracking their paths and monitoring the social indicators

The name comes from SAMU ( service d'aide médicale urgente, "emergency medical assistance service") which in reality and by law is the French Medical Regulation of Emergencies Center based in Hospitals and which role is to regulate the medical Emergency Fluxes of demands Medicosanitary Regulation of Emergencies of a Public Health Integrated Emergency Medical System  (IEMS) ; the acronym has become a kind of popular informal word, synonym to emergency action because it is the mark labelling Mobile  Intensive Care Unit Ambulances in France. A new origin was proposed to this acronym as used in this appellation :  service ambulatoire d'urgences  because conflictual with the SAMU that is woldwild an official Puvblic Service appellation and because it is neither a Medical Emergency Service nor a true "Social Emergency Service".

On July 19, 2011, Xavier Emmanuelli resigned from the presidency following the State's announcement of drastic reductions in the resources allocated to emergency accommodation. However, he will continue his action at the Samu social International. This decision will be followed by a strike by social emergency professionals on August 2, 2011.

title: SAMU Social


text:
Little River (Tennessee)

Little River is a 60 mi river in Tennessee which drains a 380 sqmi area containing some of the most spectacular scenery in the southeastern United States. The first 18 mi of the river are all located within the borders of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The remaining 42 mi flow out of the mountains through Blount County to join the Tennessee River at Fort Loudon Lake in Knox County.

History, course and geology
Historically, the Little River lay in a region of contact between the Overhill Cherokee and the American colonies, later states. The 1791 Treaty of Holston moved part of the northeastern boundary of the Cherokee's territory to a ridge separating the Little River and Tennessee basins. In late 1791, Cherokee emissaries traveled to Philadelphia, America's then-capital, in part to request that settlers who had intruded south of the ridge be removed. Henry Knox, the secretary of war, supported this request, and also recommended moving troops from Georgia to the ridge to enforce the treaty's provisions. The 1791 border was reaffirmed in 1795 by a treaty signed in Philadelphia.

Source to Elkmont

Little River rises in Sevier County inside the national park on the north slope of Clingmans Dome, the highest point in Tennessee. Clingmans Dome is located directly on the Tennessee-North Carolina state line, which parallels the Appalachian Trail along the crest of the Smokies. Approximately one mile below its source, Little River absorbs several smaller streams at an area known as "Three Forks", where the river gains considerable strength. From here, the river is paralleled by the well-maintained Little River Trail which leads into Elkmont. Located in a valley created by Little River's confluence with Jakes Creek, Elkmont was originally a logging camp for the Little River Lumber Company and a station on the Little River Railroad. In the 1920s a series of cabins and inholdings, including the Wonderland Hotel, were leased to private citizens. The leases remained intact until 2001, when the last lease expired.

The road improves at Elkmont to become one which is easily suitable for most vehicles. This section of the river is navigable by expert kayak and canoe enthusiasts and offers excellent fishing for native brook trout.

Elkmont to the Townsend Y
From just below Elkmont, the Little River runs parallel to State Route 73, also known as Little River Gorge Road, which connects the two major Tennessee entrances to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park: those in Gatlinburg and Townsend. The stream, like the road that follows it, is quite sinuous. The road is built on the bed of the Little River Railroad that was used for logging purposes prior to the establishment of the park.

Along the course of Little River are several small waterfalls which feed into the river, which are especially strong during wet weather. One waterfall, Meigs Falls, is visible from the road and is provided with a parking turnout. Additionally, there are parking turnouts for trails leading to numerous places. About midway between Gatlinburg and Townsend, Little River enters a relatively flat area known as Metcalf Bottoms, which developed along an oasis of soft phyllite amidst the more predominant sandstone. The park service has established a picnic area at Metcalf Bottoms, providing an attractive area for summer picnics and wading.

Just past Metcalf Bottoms, Little River becomes more rapid and volatile as it slices through Little River Gorge, a narrow valley between Round Top Mountain and Curry She Mountain. Among the gorge's more notable landmarks is an area known as "The Sinks." The Sinks is where the river flows over a ten-foot (three meters) waterfall into a large pool, and then seems to disappear for a small distance. (Unlike streams in a limestone area, which may actually "sink" for a considerable distance, this is more a question of appearance than of the stream truly "sinking", which is not feasible in this area of ancient Precambrian metamorphic rock.) Below the Sinks, Little River is navigable in high water with a canoe or kayak.

Continuing to follow TN 73 the stream crosses into Blount County en route to its confluence with Middle Prong of Little River at an area known as the "Townsend Y".

The Middle Prong

The Middle Prong of Little River drains the watershed between Miry Ridge and Defeat Ridge, both of which descend from the crest of the Smokies. The Middle Prong is formed by the confluence of Lynn Camp Prong and Thunderhead Prong at the former logging town of Tremont, where it has cut a deep gorge. From here, the river continues northward, absorbing Spruce Flats Branch and several smaller streams before steadying in a relatively flat area known as Walker Valley. The Middle Prong is shadowed by the old roadbed of the Little River Railroad for almost all of its nine-mile (14 km) length.

Laurel Creek, which drains the White Oak Sink area, joins the West Prong, which drains the area beneath Spence Field. The West Prong then joins the Middle Prong a mile east of the Townsend Wye at the junction of Tremont Road and Laurel Creek Road.

Only the stream below the Great Smoky Mountains Institute at Tremont is navigable by kayak in high water. Fishing along Middle Prong is considered excellent.

Townsend Wye to Walland

The Townsend 'Y' is created by the confluence of Little River (flowing from the east) and Middle Prong of Little River (flowing from the west), which create a powerful stream that flows north. The Townsend Y is a popular swimming hole in the summer and is generally packed with cars and people. Many tubers use the Y as the jumping off point for a mile long float down the river. Just past the Y, Little River exits the Great Smoky Mountains National Park into Tuckaleechee Cove and Townsend. From this point forward, with the exception of two old mill dams, the Little River can be navigated in a kayak at normal water levels. Tubers typically travel from the Townsend Y to the vicinity of the first mill dam (above the Highway 321 bridge). This portion of the river has intermittent rapids and swimming areas, as well as large rocks in the middle of the river (such as Gallaher Rock near Cedar Bluff Way) that are suitable to rest at.

In Townsend, the river is paralleled by U.S. Highway 321. Townsend is situated in Tuckaleechee Cove, a Paleozoic limestone area noted by the presence of Tuckaleechee Caverns, a large cave operated as a tourist attraction during the tourist season, roughly defined as April to October. The drainage from the cave enters the Little River just below Townsend.

Townsend is laid out in the cove along the Little River valley. Three decades ago it was largely undeveloped, with a few small "mom and pop" style hotels and restaurants; now major chains have built larger lodging facilities, although not yet comparable to Gatlinburg or Pigeon Forge. Of interest are the Little River Railroad and Lumber Company Museum and the Greenway that parallels U.S 321. The Townsend area was once the site of many scenic swinging bridges over Little River; liability concerns have caused most of these to be dismantled in recent years. One bridge does remain, however, at the northern end of Townsend in an area known as Kinzel Springs. A second swinging bridge is located near the LRRR&LC Museum and connects to Dark Island.

Little River continues to flow north through Miller Cove into the small community of Walland, which is at the current time the eastern terminus of the Chilhowee section of Foothills Parkway, a national parkway.

Walland to Fort Loudon Lake
Beyond Walland, Little River cuts a wide gap in Chilhowee Mountain before descending into the Maryville-Alcoa flatlands. As it steadies, the river no longer displays the extreme clarity and attractive rocky bottom of its upper reaches and resembles a more typical stream in a moderately rolling, somewhat rural area. From the old mill dam at the Peery's Mill site north of Walland to the river's mouth at Ft. Loudoun Lake (approximately 19 miles), the river is generally navigable with a canoe, with the exception of a dangerous low-head dam at the Rockford Manufacturing Company in Rockford. Little River flows through farmland, under U.S. Highway 411, and passes through the cities of Maryville and Alcoa before reaching Rockford.

Approximately 85,000 residents of these communities draw drinking water from the river. Three creeks— Pistol Creek, Short Creek and Crooked Creek— join Little River in this area. These three creeks are considered "impaired", contributing to a designation of Little River as "threatened" by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. Little River flows into a surprisingly large (given the size of the stream) embayment of the Fort Loudon Lake impoundment of the Tennessee River along U.S. Highway 129, where a small marina is located. Little River forms the line between Blount County and Knox County for the last few miles of its course.

title: Little River (Tennessee)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pulp.Net

substub with a link to a website with no evidence of notability. Wikipedia is not a web directory. --Robert Merkel 13:05, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Might be a useful external link on a literature-related page, but I have no idea which one. --Ianb 17:50, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete advertisement. The Wikipedia is not the place to promote this sort of website, however noble its intentions.  --Ardonik 06:31, Jul 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Wikipedia is not a web directory. Delete. -- Cyrius|✎ 04:43, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: It is a notable resource and quite popular.  It's serviceable and worthy.  This article is not worthy, however, and an article on Online writing sites or Online journalism might well consider adding a link to Pulp.net as an external resource.  An article on this particular web service that is jut a link is not helpful. Geogre 18:23, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Slippery Nipple

 * Transwiki recipe. Exploding Boy 13:05, Jul 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. The list of cocktails is an ongoing project that's been around since the Wikipedia started.  Periodically, however, they still turn up here.  Smerdis of Tlön 13:29, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, cocktails are encyclopedic. - SimonP 17:04, Jul 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Are they? How?  Have you ever seen a recipe for a cocktail in an encyclopaedia?   Exploding Boy 17:09, Jul 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. This is Wikipedia (dynamic and roomy), not Britannica (static/incremental). Arevich 18:31, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * *Transwiki to WikiCookBook unless historical or cultural information is added, or unless What Wikipedia is not is changed to not disallow recipes. -- Creidieki 21:53, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep for the same reasons as Bourbon county cowboy. --Ardonik 06:29, Jul 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Mark Richards 20:24, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki, delete. What Wikipedia is not.  SWAdair | Talk  03:51, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Elf-friend 17:09, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I'm generally a supporter of putting things in the project where they belong, but I have to say I often find myself wondering what the hell's in this or that cocktail that people refer to, and would actually like to be able to look that sort of thing up in an encyclopedia. On the other hand, I doubt I would ever have cause to make, say, a Slippery Nipple. -- कुक्कुरोवाच|Talk‽ 20:42, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Then put it in the Wikibooks cookbook! It is, after all, a recipe. Perhaps redirect this page to List of cocktails, which itself should be sent to the cookbook. Rdsmith4 | Talk 16:05, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, unless someone explains (not asserts, explains) why this is encyclopedic. -- orthogonal 21:37, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki. -- WOT 21:30, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki & delete. Wile E. Heresiarch 19:03, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki recipe. Rossami 20:53, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
Da Vinci Project

The da Vinci Project was a privately funded, volunteer-staffed attempt to launch a reusable crewed sub-orbital spacecraft. It was formed in 1996 specifically to be a contender for the Ansari X Prize for the first non-governmental reusable crewed spacecraft. The project was based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and led by Brian Feeney.

The original da Vinci Project is no longer operating. A documentary was filmed throughout much of the project's life from 2000 through post-X Prize roundup footage in 2008. The documentary accumulated some 1000 hours or so of footage. It was a private undertaking by Michel Jones of Riverstone Productions, Toronto, and as of early 2009 was still in a preliminary stage of editing and completion.

The project last participated in the X Prize Cup 2005, displaying a mock-up of its Wild Fire MK Vl spacecraft.

Spacecraft design
The project's design was a rocket-powered spacecraft to be air-launched from a helium balloon at an altitude of about 21 km (65,000 ft). The project scope included design and construction of both the spacecraft and the launching balloon. The chosen design can be described as a crewed rockoon.

History and status
The project was established in 1996. It is named after Leonardo da Vinci, who, among innumerable other inventions, was the first recorded person to design an aircraft. The project was staffed entirely by volunteers.

The project unveiled a mockup of their spacecraft, Wild Fire, on August 5, 2004 at a hangar at Downsview Airport in Toronto. At this point, it was considered a contender for the Ansari X Prize, and Tier One had just given notice of their planned competitive flights. When announcing the unveiling, the da Vinci Project also appealed for funds to fly Wild Fire. An agreement was reached with GoldenPalace.com, and the project subsequently gave the required 60-day notice that they would make the Ansari X Prize competitive flights. GoldenPalace.com, known for its marketing gimmicks, was to place a soccer ball kicked out of the stadium by David Beckham during the 2004 Euro World Cup inside the space craft.

The da Vinci Project initially announced that it would fly first on October 2, 2004, launching from Kindersley, Saskatchewan. This was only three days after the first expected X Prize flight, by Scaled Composites, on September 29, 2004. However, on September 23, 2004 the da Vinci project announced that they would not be ready. Scaled Composites won the X Prize on October 4, 2004.

Hardware
The rocket and support equipment was mostly COTS components with a hybrid propulsion system using nitrous oxide and a spin cast paraffin fuel engine in a re-loadable and expendable cardboard cartridge. The most notable development problem was finding a practical low cost solution to the thermal contraction of the liquid paraffin fuel when it cooled and solidified inside the cartridge inner casing. The capsule used two automotive racing seats and aviation BRS parachute systems and was designed and modeled with finite element software. The nozzle was carbon fiber exterior with a tough, thermally insulating inner coating. The combustion chamber was metallic, although a wound carbon fiber exterior was planned but never completed. The planned tracking system used a four car team with networked laptop computers using a hybrid cellular and shortwave radio with the capability of automatically predicting the landing spot so a support team could converge on the landing spot hand prior to landing. The highest forces were predicted to be at re-entry, peaking at approximately at up to 6G. Development, construction and testing continued in earnest until the second flight of the X Prize on October 4, 2004.

Structure
The project had a small group of core area leaders and relied heavily on volunteer efforts. It followed a variety of business models including share ownership partners, technology partnerships, employee style volunteering, integrator as well as technology/IP aggregator. Many of the expensive components were donated by businesses in exchange for recognition on the website homepage, since removed.

title: Da Vinci Project


text:
Leasehold estate

A leasehold estate is an ownership of a temporary right to hold land or property in which a lessee or a tenant has rights of real property by some form of title from a lessor or landlord. Although a tenant does hold rights to real property, a leasehold estate is typically considered personal property.

Leasehold is a form of land tenure or property tenure where one party buys the right to occupy land or a building for a given time. As a lease is a legal estate, leasehold estate can be bought and sold on the open market. A leasehold thus differs from a freehold or fee simple where the ownership of a property is purchased outright and after that held for an indeterminate length of time, and also differs from a tenancy where a property is let (rented) periodically such as weekly or monthly.

Terminology and types of leasehold vary from country to country. Sometimes, but not always, a residential tenancy under a lease agreement is colloquially known as renting. The leaseholder can remain in occupation for a fixed period, measured in months or years. Terms of the agreement are contained in a lease, which has elements of contract and property law intertwined.

History
Laws governing landlord–tenant relationships can be found as far back as the Code of Hammurabi. However, the common law of the landlord-tenant relationship evolved in England during the Middle Ages. That law still retains many archaic terms and principles pertinent to a feudal social order and an agrarian economy, where land was the primary economic asset and ownership of land was the primary source of rank and status.

The tenancy was essential to the feudal hierarchy after the statute Quia Emptores prohibited subinfeudation (the creation of new feudal estates by existing feudal landholders) in the late 13th century; a lord would own land, and the tenants became vassals. Leasehold estates can still be Crown land today. For example, in the Australian Capital Territory, all private land "ownerships" are leaseholds of Crown land.

Terminology
A distinction may be made between a residential tenancy, offering a person a place to live, and a business tenancy, where premises are occupied for business purposes. There may be different statutory provisions for residential and business tenancies, for example in the UK's Landlord and Tenant Act 1954, Part I (now largely superseded) dealt with residential tenancies and Part II dealt with business tenancies.

Fixed-term tenancy or tenancy for years
A "fixed-term tenancy" or tenancy for years lasts for some fixed period of time. Despite the name, such a tenancy can last for any period of time – even a tenancy for one week would be called a tenancy for years. In common law, the duration did not need to be certain, but could be conditioned upon the happening of some event (e.g. "until the crops are ready for harvest", "until the war is over"). In many jurisdictions that possibility has been partially or totally abolished.

Termination or expiration
The tenancy will end automatically when the fixed term runs out or in the case of a tenancy that ends on the happening of an event when the event occurs. It is also possible for a tenant to give up the tenancy to the landlord, either expressly or implicitly. This process is known as a surrender of the lease. A tenancy may end when and if the tenant accepts a buyout agreement from their landlord. The landlord can offer to repurchase the property from their tenant for a negotiated price as long as both parties agree upon the deal.

Depending on the laws in force in a particular jurisdiction, different circumstances may legally arise where a tenant remains in possession of property after the expiration of a lease.

Periodic tenancy
A periodic tenancy, also known as a tenancy from year to year, month to month, or week to week, is an estate that exists for some period of time determined by the term of the payment of rent. An oral lease for a tenancy of years that violates the statute of frauds (by committing to a lease of more than—depending on the jurisdiction—one year without being in writing) may create a periodic tenancy, the construed term being dependent on the laws of the jurisdiction where the leased premises are located. In many jurisdictions the "default" tenancy, where the parties have not explicitly specified a different arrangement, and where none is presumed under local or business custom, is the month-to-month tenancy.

Tenancy at will
A tenancy at will or estate at will is a leasehold such that either the landlord or the tenant may terminate the tenancy at any time by giving reasonable notice. It usually occurs in the absence of a lease, or where the tenancy is not for consideration. Under the modern common law, tenancy at will can arise under the following circumstances:
 * the parties expressly agree that the tenancy is at will and not for rent.
 * a family member is allowed to live at home without formal arrangement. A nominal consideration may be required.
 * a tenant wishes to occupy the property urgently, but there was insufficient time to negotiate and execute a lease. The tenancy at will terminates in this case as soon as a written lease is completed. The tenant must vacate the property if a lease fails to be realized.

In a residential lease for consideration, a tenant may not be removed except for cause, even in the absence of a written lease. If a landlord can terminate the tenancy at will, a tenant by operation of law is also granted a reciprocal right to terminate at will. However, a lease that expressly continues at the will of the tenant ("for as long as the tenant desires to live on this land") does not automatically provide the landlord with a reciprocal right to terminate, even for cause. Rather, such language may be construed to convey to the tenant a life estate or even a fee simple.

A tenancy at will terminates by operation of law, if:
 * the tenant commits waste against the property;
 * the tenant attempts to assign his tenancy;
 * the landlord transfers his interest in the property;
 * the landlord leases the property to another person;
 * the tenant or the landlord dies.

Tenancy at sufferance
A tenancy at sufferance (sometimes called a holdover tenancy) is created when a tenant wrongfully holds over past the end of the duration period of the tenancy (for example, a tenant who stays past the expiration of his or her lease). In this case, the landlord can hold over the tenant to a new tenancy, and collect rent for the period the tenant has held over.

A tenancy at sufferance may exist when a tenant remains in possession of property even after the end of the lease, until the landlord acts to eject the tenant. The occupant may legally be a trespasser at this point, and the possession of this type may not be a true estate in land, even if authorities recognize the condition to hold the tenant liable for rent. The landlord may be able to evict such a tenant at any time without notice. Action to evict will terminate a tenancy at sufferance, because the tenant no longer enjoys possession. Some jurisdictions impose an irrevocable election whereby the landlord treats the holdover as either a trespasser, or as a tenant at sufferance. A trespasser is not in possession; but a tenant at sufferance continues to enjoy possession of the real property.

The landlord may also be able to impose a new lease on the holdover tenant. For a residential tenancy, such new tenancy lasts month to month. For a commercial tenancy of more than a year, the new tenancy is year to year; otherwise, the tenancy lasts for the same length of time as the duration under the original lease. In either case, the landlord can charge a higher rent, if the landlord, before the expiration of the original lease, has notified the tenant of the increase.

Simply leaving property behind on the premises does not constitute possession; thus, a tenancy at sufferance cannot be established. E.g., ''Nathan Lane Assocs. v. Merchants Wholesale, 698 N.W.2d 136 (Iowa 2005); Brown v. Music, Inc.'', 359 P.2d 295 (Alaska 1961).

Continuation tenancy
In some jurisdictions, the tenant has a legal right to remain in occupation of the premises after the end of a lease unless the landlord complies with a formal process to dispossess the tenant of the property. For example, in England and Wales, a business tenant has a right to continue occupying their demise after the end of their lease under the provisions of sections 24–28 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 (unless these provisions were formally excluded by agreement before the lease was completed). At the end of their lease they need do nothing but continue payment of rent at the previous level and uphold all other relevant covenants such as to keep the building in good repair. They cannot be evicted unless the landlord serves a formal notice to end the tenancy and successfully opposes the grant of the new lease to which the tenant has an automatic right. Even this can only be done under prescribed circumstances, for example the landlord's desire to occupy the premises himself or to demolish and redevelop the building.

Leasehold land
Leasehold land is a land holding leased to a person or company by the relevant state (as the Crown); however, all mineral rights are reserved to the Crown. There are different types of leasehold tenure from state to state. Pastoral leases cover about 44% of mainland Australia, mostly in arid and semi-arid regions and the tropical savannahs.

There are three types of leasehold tenure in Australia:
 * Term lease – usually 1–50 years, for a specified purpose.
 * Perpetual lease, or lease in perpetuity – may be used only for a specified purpose.
 * Freeholding lease – after approval is granted, convert a lease to freehold, and the lessee pays the purchase price in installments. This is an interim tenure; freehold title is not issued until all purchase costs have been paid.

All land in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) is leasehold, issued with 99-year leases. The rent on the leases was abolished by the Gorton government in 1970, with the leasehold system now "almost identical in operation" to the freehold tenure typical of residential properties in other Australian jurisdictions.

Residential tenancies
Australian residential tenancies differ from state to state, governed by local legislation.

United Kingdom
Modern leasehold estates in England and Wales can take one of four forms—the fixed-term tenancy or tenancy for years, the periodic tenancy, the tenancy at will, and the tenancy at sufferance. Forms no longer used include socage and burgage.

When a landowner allows one or more persons, called "tenants", to use the land in some way for some fixed period, the land becomes a leasehold, and the resident- (or worker-) landowner relation is called a "tenancy". A tenant pays rent (a form of consideration) to the landowner. The leasehold can include buildings and other improvements to the land. The tenant can do one or more of: farm the leasehold, live on it, or practise a trade on it. Typically, leasehold estates are held by tenants for a specific period of time.

In England in recent years, some new homes and apartments have been sold by large housebuilders with a leasehold where the ground rent payable doubles every 10 to 25 years, with consequently a very high price to buy out the lease. This has caused some recently built homes to be complicated to sell. In 2017, the British government launched a consultation on legal reforms to end such exploitative schemes.

Scotland has different laws, and under Scots Law it has been forbidden by statute since 1974 to create a lease of a dwelling lasting longer than 20 years or to grant any other lease of over 175 years.

United States
In the US, food co-ops supply tenants with a place to grow their own produce. Rural tenancy is also a common practice. Under a rural tenancy, a person buys a large amount of land, and the rural community uses it agriculturally as a source of income.

The term estate for years appears to be a US term. This refers to a leasehold estate for any specific period of time (the word "years" is misleading, as the duration of the lease could be a day, a week, a month, etc.). An estate for years is not automatically renewed.

Duties of landlord
The first duty of the landlord is to put the tenant in physical possession of the land at the outset of the lease (the English and majority rule, as opposed to the American rule which only requires the tenant be given legal possession, or the right to possess); the second is to provide the premises in a habitable condition—there is an implied warranty of habitability. If landlord violates either, the tenant can terminate the lease and move out, or stay on the premises, while continuing to pay rent, and sue the landlord for damages (or withhold rent and use breach of implied warranty of habitability as a defense when the landlord attempts to collect rent).

The lease also includes an implied covenant of quiet enjoyment – landlord will not interfere with tenant's quiet enjoyment. This can be breached in three ways.
 * 1) Total eviction of the tenant through direct physical invasion by landlord.
 * 2) Partial eviction – when the landlord keeps the tenant off part of the leased property (even locking a single room). Tenant can stay on the remaining property without paying any rent.
 * 3) Partial eviction by someone other than landlord – where this occurs, rent is apportioned. If landlord claims to lease tenant an area of 1,000 square metres but 400 square metres of the area belongs to another person, tenant only has to pay 60% of the rent.

Landlord's tort liability
Under the common law, the landlord had no duties to the tenant to protect the tenant or the tenant's licensees and invitees, except in the following situations:
 * 1) Failure to disclose latent defects of which the landlord knows or has reason to know. The landlord has no duty to repair, to disclose.
 * 2) For a short-term lease (three months or less) of a furnished dwelling, the tenants are treated as invitees, and the landlord is liable for defects even if the landlord neither knows nor should know of them.
 * 3) Common areas under landlord's control (e.g. hallways in an apartment building), if the landlord failed to use reasonable care in maintaining them.
 * 4) Injury resulting from landlord's negligent repairs – even if the landlord used all due care.
 * 5) Public use, if the following three factors exist:
 * 6) Landlord knows or should know that the tenant makes public use of the land (e.g. the land is rented for use as a restaurant or a store);
 * 7) Landlord knows or should know that there is a defect; and
 * 8) Landlord knows or should know that the tenant will not fix the defect.

Duties of tenant
Under the common law, the tenant has a number of duties to the landlord: A tenant is liable to third-party invitees for negligent failure to correct a dangerous condition on the premise – even if the landlord was contractually liable.
 * 1) to pay rent when it is due,
 * 2) to avoid waste of the property.
 * 3) to inform the landlord of any development that may affect the subject property.

Effects of condemnation
If land under lease to a tenant is condemned under the government's power of eminent domain, the tenant may be able to earn either a reduction in rent or a portion of the condemnation award (the price paid by the government) to the owner, depending on the amount of land taken, and the value of the leasehold property.

With a partial taking of the land, the tenant may claim apportioned rent for property taken. For example, suppose a tenant leases land for six months for ¤1,000 per month, and that two months into the lease, and the government condemns 25% of the land. The tenant will then be entitled to take a portion of the condemnation award equal to 25% of the rent due for the remaining four months of the lease—¤1,000, derived from ¤250 per month for four months.

A full taking, however, extinguishes the lease, and excuses all rent from that point. The tenant will not be entitled to any portion of the condemnation award, unless the value of the lease was greater than the rent paid, in which case the tenant can recover the difference. Suppose in the above example that the land's market value was actually ¤1,200 a month, but the ¤1,000 per month rate represented a break given to the tenant by the landlord. Because the tenant is losing the ability to continue renting the land at this bargain rate (and probably must move to more expensive land), the tenant will be entitled to the difference between the lease rate and the market value – ¤200 per month for a total of ¤800.

title: Leasehold estate


text:
Waka

Waka may refer to:

Culture and language

 * Waka (canoe), a Polynesian word for canoe; especially, canoes of the Māori of New Zealand
 * Waka ama, a Polynesian outrigger canoe
 * Māori migration canoes, the ocean-going canoes that brought the Māori people to New Zealand
 * Waka taua, a Māori war canoe
 * Waka hurdling, a traditional Māori sport of jumping over canoes
 * Waka huia, a Māori treasure box
 * Waka (mythology), a Hawaiian lizard goddess
 * Waka language, an Adamawa language of Nigeria
 * Huaca or wak'a, in the Quechua language, a class of sacred objects

Arts and entertainment

 * Waka (poetry), a genre of Japanese poetry
 * WAKA (TV), a television station licensed to Selma, Alabama, US
 * Waka music, a musical genre from Yorubaland of Nigeria
 * Waga sculpture or waka, a type of Ethiopian memorial statue
 * "Waka" (Diamond Platnumz song), 2017
 * "Waka", song by 6ix9ine from Dummy Boy, 2018
 * Waka, a character in the video game Ōkami

Places

 * Waka, Texas, a community in the Texas Panhandle
 * El Perú (Maya site) or Waka', Maya ruins in Guatemala
 * Waka National Park, a national park in central Gabon
 * Waka P'iqi, a mountain in Bolivia

People

 * Masayasu Wakabayashi (born 1978), Japanese comedian and television presenter
 * Waka Attewell, New Zealand cinematographer
 * Waka Flocka Flame (born 1986), American rapper
 * Waka Goi (born 1968), Papua New Guinea politician
 * Waka Inoue (born 1980), Japanese tarento and actress
 * Waka Kobori (born 2000), Japanese swimmer
 * Waka Nathan (born 1940), New Zealand rugby union player
 * Neil Waka, New Zealand broadcaster and journalist
 * Yamada Waka (1879–1957), Japanese feminist and social reformer

Other uses

 * Cyclone Waka, a 2001 tropical cyclone
 * World Adult Kickball Association
 * Waka-jumping, a term used in New Zealand for politicians switching party allegiance while in office

title: Waka


text:
User talk:Tuxmelvin

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Kissfmseattle.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Kissfmseattle.gif. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 22:07, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Newspaper endorsements
Would you be interested in helping to add them to the page as they come up? -Kallahan (talk) 03:15, 22 September 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tuxmelvin


text:
Fyodor Minin

Fyodor Alekseyevich Minin (Федор Алексеевич Минин) (ca. 1709 - after 1742) was a Russian Arctic explorer.

In 1730s, Minin participated in the Second Kamchatka expedition. On January 7, 1736, he joined the unit led by Dmitry Ovtsyn. In 1738, he was in charge of a group of explorers, that would chart the Arctic Ocean coastline east of the Yenisei river. In 1738–1740, Minin made an attempt to go around the Taimyr Peninsula from the north and reached 75°15'N. Together with Dmitry Sterlegov, he mapped this part of the Arctic Ocean coastline.

A cape at the Mammoth Peninsula, a peninsula, the Minina Skerries in the Kara Sea, a gulf, and a mountain on the shores of the Taimyr Peninsula bear Minin's name.

title: Fyodor Minin


text:
Clingmans Dome

Clingmans Dome is a mountain in the Great Smoky Mountains of Tennessee and North Carolina in the Southeastern United States. Its name in Cherokee is Kuwahi or Kuwohi (ᎫᏩᎯ or ᎫᏬᎯ), meaning "mulberry place."

At an elevation of 6643 ft, it is the highest mountain in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the highest point in the state of Tennessee, and the highest point along the 2192 mi Appalachian Trail. It is also the third highest point in eastern mainland North America, after Mount Mitchell (6684 ft) and Mount Craig (6647 ft).

Description
Clingmans Dome has two subpeaks: 6560 ft Mount Buckley to the west and 6400 ft Mount Love to the east. The headwaters of several substantial streams are located on the slopes of Clingmans Dome, including Little River on the north slope, and Forney Creek and Noland Creek, both of which are tributaries of the Tuckasegee River, on the south slope. The mountain is located entirely within the watershed of the Tennessee River.

Clingmans Dome is protected as part of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. A paved road connects it to U.S. Highway 441 at Newfound Gap 6.7 mi away. A 45 ft tall concrete observation tower at the summit, built in 1959 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, offers a panoramic view of the mountains. An air quality monitoring station, operated by the Environmental Protection Agency, is the second highest in eastern North America.

The Southern Appalachian spruce–fir forest which covers Clingmans Dome occurs only at the highest elevations in the Southeastern United States and has more in common with forests at northern latitudes than with the forests in the adjacent valleys. Clingmans Dome stands prominently above the surrounding terrain, rising nearly 5000 ft from base to summit. The forest on and around Clingmans Dome has experienced a large die-off of Fraser fir caused by non-native insect balsam woolly adelgid.

Observation tower
Built in 1959, the observation tower features a circular observation platform accessed by a spiral ramp. The ramp is 375 ft in length, and rises at a 12 percent grade, in sync with the Clingmans Dome Trail. The platform, 28 ft in diameter, allows spectators a 360-degree panorama of the surrounding terrain. Cantilevered signs point out the various peaks, ridges, cities, and other features visible in the distance. Depending on the haze, visibility ranges from 20 mi on hazy days to 100 mi on very clear days.

The tower was one of nine observation towers constructed as part of the Mission 66 program (1955–1966), an effort by the National Park Service to upgrade its facilities to accommodate an influx of visitors to national parks during the post-World War II era. Designed by Hubert Bebb of the Gatlinburg-based architecture firm Bebb and Olson, the tower's modern design, especially the use of concrete as the primary building material, marked a departure from previous park structures, which favored more rustic elements. Though some criticized the Clingmans Dome tower as too "urban," two other park service observation towers—the nearby Look Rock tower along Foothills Parkway and the Shark Valley tower at Everglades National Park—were built using similar designs.

Bebb's original design consisted of a massive stone tower topped by a circular platform and fire observation cab, accessed by a concrete ramp. Fred Arnold, head of the park service's Forest and Wildlife Protection branch, rejected the inclusion of the fire observation cab, arguing that while Clingmans Dome was the highest point in the park, it was not particularly useful for fire detection purposes. Park service director Conrad Wirth objected to the use of a ramp, favoring instead a spiral staircase. After John B. Cabot, head of the park service's Eastern Office of Design and Construction, convinced him of the ramp's usefulness, Wirth decided the stone tower would not be necessary, stating a single central support column would suffice.

The tower was built by the Waynesville, North Carolina construction firm of W.C. Norris at a cost of $57,000. Ground was broken in December 1958. After several weather delays and a great deal of controversy over the aesthetics of the design, the tower was completed on October 23, 1959.

Access

Clingmans Dome is the most accessible mountain top in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The 7 mi Clingmans Dome Road, which is open annually from April 1 through November 30, begins just past Newfound Gap and leads up the mountain to the Forney Ridge Parking Area, 330 ft below the summit. A 1/2 mi paved trail leads from the parking lot to the observation tower. The short, steep trail provides a small visitor information center and park store staffed by the Great Smoky Mountains Association. The trail offers a glimpse of the often hostile environment of highland Appalachia, passing through the spruce-fir forest and its accompanying blowdowns and dead Fraser Firs.

The Appalachian Trail (A.T.) crosses Clingmans Dome, passing immediately north of the observation tower. A 7.5 mi leg of the trail connects the mountain with Newfound Gap and provides the only access to the mountain in winter months. The nearest A.T. backcountry shelters are the Double Spring Gap Shelter, which is 2.6 mi to the west near the Goshen Prong junction, and the Mount Collins shelter, which is 4 mi to the east near the A.T.'s junction with the Sugarland Mountain Trail. Clingmans Dome is the upper terminus for several additional hiking trails, including the Forney Ridge Trail (to Andrews Bald) and the Forney Creek Trail (to the Benton MacKaye Trail on the shores of Fontana Lake).

The western terminus of the Mountains-to-Sea Trail, which connects the Smokies to the Outer Banks of North Carolina, is located atop Clingmans Dome. It follows the Appalachian Trail for 3.8 mi to the east, where it then begins to descend toward the Blue Ridge Parkway, via the Fork Ridge Trail.

History

The Cherokee name for Clingmans Dome is Kuwahi or Kuwohi (ᎫᏩᎯ), or "mulberry place." According to a Cherokee myth recorded by ethnologist James Mooney in the late 19th century, the mountain was the home of the White Bear, the great chief of all bears, and the location of one of the bears' council houses. The enchanted lake of Ataga'hi ("Gall Place"), the waters of which could cure wounded bears, was believed by the Cherokee to be located somewhere between Clingmans Dome and the headwaters of the Oconaluftee River to the east.

In 1789, an act passed by the North Carolina legislature ceded what is now Tennessee to the federal government. This act fixed a portion of the boundary between the two along the crest of the "Great Iron or Smoky Mountains," which would have included the mountain now known as Clingmans Dome. The mountain was dubbed "Smoky Dome" by American settlers moving in from other areas. In 1859, the mountain was renamed by Arnold Guyot for compatriot Thomas L. Clingman, a Confederate general of the American Civil War who explored the area extensively in the 1850s and then spent many years promoting it. Guyot named the mountain for Clingman because of an argument between Clingman and a professor at the University of North Carolina, Elisha Mitchell, over which mountain was actually the highest in the region. Mitchell contended that a peak by the name of Black Dome (now known as Mount Mitchell) was the highest, while Clingman asserted that Smoky Dome was the true highest peak. Guyot determined that Black Dome was 39 ft higher than Smoky Dome.

In the early morning hours of June 12, 1946, a Boeing B-29 Superfortress crashed near the summit of Clingmans Dome, killing all twelve aboard.

In June 2022, Lavita Hill and Mary "Missy" Crowe, both members of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, drafted legislation for the Tribe to support changing the name of Clingman's Dome to Kuwahi ('mulberry place')—the original name given to the area by Cherokees. The resolution describes the area, “Kuwahi or ‘mulberry place’, is the highest point in our area and has significance to us as Cherokees as it was visited by medicine people who prayed and sought guidance from the Creator regarding important matters facing our people, and then returned to our towns to give guidance and advice.” The Tribal Council of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians passed the legislation, submitted by Hill and Crowe, during its regular session on July 14, 2022, thus lending the Tribe's support for the name change effort. During the meeting, Crowe said the area has been there for Cherokee people for thousands of years. “What we hope to do is to be able to come as a collective community group of elders to us…to our younger folks. We see this as an avenue for our younger generation to learn, to relearn – to relearn who and what we are as a people that Creator placed here.” Hill commented, “It just feels good. First of all, I’m very grateful for the support. I’m grateful for Myrtle and Sally to talk about the language. We’re going to move forward so that the mountain presently known as Clingman’s Dome is restored to its original name which we believe is ‘Kuwahi’. Here’s our chance to honor our ancestors. Maybe we can’t take the land back, but we’re going to put the language out there and we’re going to put education out there and more people are going to know that this was Cherokee homeland. Let’s honor them. Let’s give them this name. Let’s respect them in that regard.”

The official process starts with the filing of an application for a name change through the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN). On August 2, 2022, the Buncombe County Board of Commissioners voted unanimously to support the name change, after consultation with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. The council of the tribe voted in early 2024 to authorize the submission of an application to BGN.

Geology
Clingmans Dome is part of a geological formation known as the Copperhill Formation. It consists predominately of massive, coarse-grained metagreywacke and metaconglomerate. The lower northern flanks of Clingmans Dome are underlain by thick layers of sulfidic, quartz-garnet-muscovite phyllite and schist, which occur within the metagraywackes and metaconglomerates. Adjacent to and south of its summit, thin, southward-dipping, and discontinuous beds of garnetiferous (locally graphitic and sulfidic)metasiltstone occur within the Copperhill Formation.

The Copperhill Formation is part of the greater Ocoee Supergroup, a body of clastic metasedimentary rocks formed 560 million years ago. They unconformably lie upon Precambrian granitic and gneissic rocks. The sediments that originally comprised the Ocoee Supergroup accumulated in a string of narrow, deep-water basins that stretched along the entire southern-central Appalachian margin from Tennessee, North Carolina, to Georgia. These basins were rift basins formed by the rifting of Rodinia.

The initial metamorphism of the Ocoee Supergroup occurred about 400 million years ago as the result of Ordovician-Silurian tectonism during the Taconic orogeny. Later, Devonian-Mississippian metamorphism of these strata occurred during the Acadian orogeny and additional Pennsylvanian to Permian alteration by retrograde metamorphism and deformation occurred during the Alleghanian orogeny. During the latest part of this orogeny, this segment of the Appalachian Mountains was formed by thrust faulting and folding that uplifted these strata as a series of complexly deformed thrust sheets. During the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, the gradual uplift and erosion of this part of the Appalachian Mountains has continued.

Although a dense forest understory covers most of the mountain, outcroppings of the Copperhill Formation can be found on Clingmans Dome at the Forney Ridge Parking Lot at the end of Clingmans Dome Road. This outcrop exposes massive metaconglomerate of the Copperhill Formation. At this outcrop, it consists of massive 6 m thick beds of micaceous quartzite. It contains coarse pebbles of quartz and feldspar, flat pebbles of fine-grained black graywacke, and egg-shaped concretions up to 30 cm in diameter. These cobble-sized concretions are readily weathered to leave rust-stained depressions or cavities in the metaconglomerate.

Soils of Clingmans Dome are mostly moderately deep to shallow, well drained dark brown loam or sandy loam of strong to extreme acidity; Breakneck and Pullback series are most common.

Climate
The climate of Clingmans Dome is hemiboreal (Köppen Dfb, Trewartha Dcb ). As with much of the southern Blue Ridge, the area qualifies as part of the Appalachian Rainforest.

title: Clingmans Dome