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Alejandro González Iñárritu

Alejandro González Iñárritu (American Spanish: ; credited since 2016 as Alejandro G. Iñárritu; born 15 August 1963) is a Mexican filmmaker. He is primarily known for making modern psychological drama films about the human condition. His projects have garnered critical acclaim and numerous accolades including four Academy Awards with a Special Achievement Award, three Golden Globe Awards, three BAFTA Awards, two Directors Guild of America Awards. His most notable films include Amores perros (2000), 21 Grams (2003), Babel (2006), Biutiful (2010), Birdman (2014), The Revenant (2015), and Bardo (2022).

Iñárritu's films, Amores Perros (2000), and Biutiful (2010) each received Academy Award for Best International Feature Film nominations. He earned critical and commercial success for his films 21 Grams (2003), and Babel (2006). He won three Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Original Screenplay for Birdman (2014). The following year, he received a consecutive Best Director Oscar for The Revenant (2015). Iñárritu was awarded a Special Achievement Academy Award for his virtual reality installation Carne y Arena (2017).

Iñárritu is the first Mexican filmmaker to be nominated for either director or producer in the history of the Academy Awards, the first to win an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and for Best Picture, the first to receive the Best Director Award at Cannes, and the first to win a DGA Award for Outstanding Directing. In 2019, Iñárritu became the first Latin American to serve as president of the jury for the 72nd Cannes Film Festival. Iñárritu and Mexican filmmakers Alfonso Cuarón and Guillermo del Toro are known in the film industry as "The Three Amigos".

Early life
Iñárritu was born on 15 August 1963 in Mexico City, the youngest of seven siblings, to Luz María Iñárritu and Héctor González Gama. His maternal grandfather, Alfredo Iñárritu y Ramírez de Aguilar, was a prominent lawyer, judge, and justice of the Supreme Court of Mexico with partial Basque origins. Héctor was a banker who owned a ranch, but went bankrupt when Iñárritu was five. A poor student, Iñárritu was expelled from high school at the age of 16 or 17 due to poor grades and misbehavior. He briefly ran off with a girl from a wealthy family to Acapulco, having been influenced by the Miloš Forman film Hair, but returned to Mexico City after a week.

Soon after, Iñárritu left home and worked as a sailor on cargo boats, taking two trips at the ages of 16 and 18, sailing through the Mississippi River and then visiting Europe and Africa. With $1,000 supplied by his father, Iñárritu stayed in Europe for a year on the second trip. He has noted that these early travels as a young man have had a great influence on him as a filmmaker, and the settings of his films have often been in the places he visited during this period. After his travels, Iñárritu returned to Mexico City and majored in communications at Universidad Iberoamericana.

Early career
Iñárritu began his career in 1984 as a radio host at the Mexican radio station WFM, the country's most popular rock music station, where he "pieced together playlists into a loose narrative arc". He worked with and interviewed artists like Robert Plant, David Gilmour, Elton John, Bob Geldof and Carlos Santana. He also wrote and broadcast small audio stories and storytelling promos. He later became the youngest producer for Televisa, the largest mass media company in Latin America. From 1987 to 1989, he composed music for six Mexican feature films. During this time, Iñárritu became acquainted with Mexican writer Guillermo Arriaga, beginning their screenwriting collaborations. Iñárritu has stated that he believes music has had a bigger influence on him as an artist than film itself.

In the early 1990s, Iñárritu created Z Films, a production company, with Raul Olvera in Mexico. Under Z Films, he started writing, producing and directing short films and advertisements. Making the final transition into TV and film directing, he studied under well-known theater director Ludwik Margules, as well as Judith Weston in Los Angeles. In 1995, Iñárritu wrote and directed his first TV pilot for Z Films, called Detrás del dinero, or Behind the Money, starring Miguel Bosé.

2000s

In 2000, Iñárritu directed his first feature film Amores perros, written by Guillermo Arriaga. Amores perros explored Mexican society in Mexico City told via three intertwining stories. In 2000, Amores perros premiered at the Cannes Film Festival and won the Critics' Week Grand Prize. It was the film debut of actor Gael García Bernal, who would later appear in Babel and the Iñárritu-produced Mexican film Rudo y Cursi. Amores perros was the first installment in Iñárritu's and Arriaga's thematic "Death trilogy", and nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

After the success of Amores Perros, Iñárritu and Arriaga revisited the intersected-stories structure of Amores perros in Iñárritu's second feature film, 21 Grams (2003). The film starred Benicio del Toro, Naomi Watts and Sean Penn. It was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival, where Penn received the Volpi Cup for Best Actor. At the 76th Academy Awards, Del Toro and Watts received nominations for their performances.

Iñárritu embarked on his third and last film that formed the "Death Trilogy", Babel (2006), written again by Arriaga. Babel comprises four interrelated stories set in Morocco, Mexico, the United States, and Japan, in four different languages. The film stars Brad Pitt, Cate Blanchett, Adriana Barraza, Gael Garcia Bernal, Rinko Kikuchi and Kōji Yakusho. The rest of the cast comprised non-professional actors. The film competed at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival, where Iñárritu received the Best Director Award (Prix de la mise en scène), becoming the first Mexican-born director to win the award.

Babel was a critical and box office success. It received seven nominations at the 79th Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director. Gustavo Santaolalla, the film's composer, won the Academy Award for Best Original Score. The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama in 2007. Iñárritu became the first Mexican director to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Directing and the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing. After this third feature film collaboration with writing partner Arriaga, Iñárritu and he professionally parted ways, following Iñárritu's barring of Arriaga from the set during filming. Arriaga told the Los Angeles Times in 2009, "It had to come to an end, but I still respect [González Iñárritu]."

2010s
In 2010, Iñárritu directed and produced Biutiful, starring Javier Bardem, written by Iñárritu, Armando Bó Jr., and Nicolás Giacobone. The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2010. Bardem went on to win Best Actor (shared with Elio Germano for La nostra vita) at Cannes. Biutiful is Iñárritu's first film in his native Spanish since his debut feature Amores perros. The film was nominated at the 2011 Golden Globes for Best Foreign Language Film, and at the BAFTA Awards for Best Film Not in the English Language and Best Actor. For the second time in his career, Iñárritu's film was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the Academy Awards; Javier Bardem's performance was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.

In December 2013, Warner Bros. hired Iñárritu to direct a live-action adaptation of Rudyard Kipling's 1894 book The Jungle Book. Eventually, Andy Serkis directed the film titled Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle (2018).

In 2014, Iñárritu won three Academy Awards for directing, co-writing and co-producing Best Picture winner Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance), starring Michael Keaton, Edward Norton, Emma Stone, Naomi Watts, Zach Galifianakis, and Andrea Riseborough. The film is an existential dark comedy exploring the ego of a forgotten superhero actor, experienced as if filmed on a single shot. It was the first time a Mexican Filmmaker received Best Picture at the Academy Awards. He also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay, a DGA Award and a PGA Award for the film. Iñárritu was also set to direct and produce the tv series One Percent, an organic farming drama which he co-created with Alexander Dinelaris, Nicolas Giacobone, and Armando Bo for Starz. Starz gave the show a straight-to-series order, but dropped out in 2017 as the U.S. broadcaster of the series, with production company MRC shopping the project to other networks or streaming platforms.

In 2015, Iñárritu directed The Revenant, initially adapted by Mark L. Smith, before joined the writing process, based on Michael Punke's novel of the same name. The film is a remake  of the film Man in the Wilderness (1971) and starred Leonardo DiCaprio, Tom Hardy, Domhnall Gleeson, and Will Poulter. It is a "gritty" 19th-century period drama-thriller about fur trapper Hugh Glass, a real person who joined the Rocky Mountain Fur Company on a "journey into the wild" and was robbed and abandoned after being mauled by a grizzly bear. The film considers the nature and stresses on relationships under the duress of the wilderness, and issues of revenge and pardon via Glass's pursuit of the man who was responsible for his hardship. The Revenant took nine months to shoot. With The Revenant being a critical and commercial success, Iñárritu won a second consecutive Oscar for Best Director and was nominated for 12 Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, winning Best Director, Best Cinematography and Best Actor. Iñárritu is one of only three directors to ever win consecutive Oscars, and the first to do it in 65 years. He was also nominated for four Golden Globe Awards, winning three, including Best Motion Picture – Drama and Best Director; received nine Critics' Choice Movie Awards nominations, including Best Picture and Best Director; five BAFTAs including Best Picture and Best Director; and a DGA Award, making history as the first person to ever win two in a row.

The One Percent, originally planned as an upcoming American television drama series created and written by Iñárritu, Alexander Dinelaris Jr., Nicolás Giacobone and Armando Bó, was eventually postponed on early March 2017 due to Alejandro feeling burnt out after the production of The Revenant. The quartet, who also collaborated on Birdman, were to serve as executive producers. Iñárritu was set to direct the first two episodes and set the visual style of the show.

2020s
In 2020, it was reported that Iñárritu would write, direct, and produce a new film in Mexico, his first film made there since Amores Perros 20 years previously, and his third Spanish-Language film after Amores Perros and Biutiful. The film entitled Bardo, False Chronicle of a Handful of Truths, stars Daniel Giménez Cacho and Griselda Siciliani.

In February 2024, it was announced that he is making a new film distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, with Legendary Pictures co-producing. Tom Cruise is set to star.

Short films
From 2001 to 2011, Iñárritu directed several short films. In 2001, he directed an 11-minute film segment for 11'09"01 September 11 - which is composed of several short films that explore the effects of the 9/11 terrorist attacks from different points of view around the world. In 2007, he made ANNA, part of French anthology film Chacun son cinéma, which screened at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival. Chacun son cinéma, a collection of 33 short films by 35 renowned film directors representing 25 countries, was produced for the 60th anniversary of the film festival. In 2012, Iñárritu made the experimental short film Naran Ja: One Act Orange Dance, inspired by L.A Dance Project's premiere performance, featuring excerpts from the new choreography Benjamin Millepied crafted for Moving Parts. The story takes place in a secluded, dusty space and centers around LADP dancer Julia Eichten.

Commercials
In 2002, Iñárritu directed "Powder Keg", an episode for the BMW short film series The Hire, starring Clive Owen as the driver and Stellan Skarsgård as a war photographer. It won the Cannes Gold Lion Advertising Award. In 2010, Iñárritu directed "Write the Future", a football-themed commercial for Nike ahead of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which went on to win the Grand Prix at the Cannes Lions Advertising Festival. In 2012, he directed Procter & Gamble's "Best Job" commercial spot for the 2012 Olympic Ceremonies. It won the Best Primetime Commercial Emmy at Creative Arts Emmy Awards and the DGA Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Commercials.

On 4 October 2012, Facebook released an Iñárritu-directed brand film titled The Things That Connect Us to celebrate the social network reaching one billion users.

Virtual reality
Iñárritu's virtual reality project Carne y Arena was the first ever VR installation presented at the Cannes Film Festival in 2017. Carne y Arena was also presented, at LACMA, Washington, D.C., and featured at the Prada Foundation in Milan. Additionally, Carne y Arena was awarded the first Special Achievement Academy Award in over 20 years at the Academy's 9th Annual Governors Awards.

Influences
Iñarritu's cinematic influences include Max Ophüls, Robert Altman, Sidney Lumet, Ingmar Bergman, Federico Fellini, Luis Buñuel, Andrei Tarkovsky, Sergio Leone, Martin Scorsese, and John Cassavetes. However, his influences are not limited to film and come from a variety of sources.

Personal life
Iñárritu has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. He is married to Maria Eladia Hagerman, an editor and graphic designer. They have a daughter, Maria Eladia, and a son, Eliseo.

In 2009, Iñárritu, along with several filmmakers and actors, signed a petition in support of director Roman Polanski, who had been detained while traveling to a film festival following his arrest in relation to his 1977 sexual abuse charges, which the petition argued would undermine the tradition of film festivals as a place for works to be shown "freely and safely", and that arresting filmmakers traveling to neutral countries could open the door "for actions of which no-one can know the effects."

Accolades and honors
Iñárritu has been recognized with multiple awards for his films, including five Academy Awards, two Directors Guild of America Awards, a Producers Guild of America Award, three British Academy Film Awards, three AACTA Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, two Independent Spirit Awards, two American Film Institute Awards, and three Cannes Film Festival Award. He is the first Mexican director to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director and the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing, and the first to win the Best Director Award at the Cannes Film Festival. In 2015, Iñárritu won, among many other accolades, the Directors Guild Award for Outstanding Directing, the Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture, and the Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay and Best Directing for Birdman, becoming the first Mexican to win three Academy awards. In 2016, Iñárritu won the Academy Award for Best Director for his work on The Revenant, marking the first time in 65 years that a director has won the award in two consecutive years. Iñárritu is the third director to accomplish this feat, following John Ford and Joseph L. Mankiewicz.

In 2006, Iñárritu was honored at the Gotham Awards' World Cinema Tribute, alongside fellow Mexican filmmakers Alfonso Cuarón and Guillermo del Toro. In 2011, he was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award at Zurich Film Festival. In 2015, Iñárritu received the Sundance Institute's Vanguard Leadership Award for the "originality and independent spirit" of his films. He was also honored by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art at its Art + Film Gala. That year, he received an honorary doctorate from the National Autonomous University of Mexico. In 2016, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts from the University of Southern California. In 2019, he was also made Commander of the Order of the Arts and Letters in France.

title: Alejandro González Iñárritu


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MASA syndrome

MASA syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive neurological disorder on the L1 disorder spectrum belonging in the group of hereditary spastic paraplegias a paraplegia known to increase stiffness spasticity in the lower limbs. This syndrome also has two other names, CRASH syndrome and Gareis-Mason syndrome.

Signs and symptoms
The acronym "MASA" stands for the four main signs and symptoms associated with the syndrome: (1) mental retardation (mild to moderate intellectual disability), (2) aphasia (delayed onset of speech), (3) shuffling gait, and (4) adducted thumbs characterized by cleft palate, microcephaly, and dysmyelination. Affected males may also have a variable dilatation (widening) of the third heart ventricle. MASA has five other factors including hydrocephalus. The build-up is often caused by an obstruction that prevents proper fluid drainage. Spasticity of the lower limbs, causing the muscles to stiffen or tighten, preventing normal fluid movement. Aphasia, which is when someone loses the ability to understand or express speech, due to brain damage. Seizures, an abrupt, uncontrolled disturbance in the brain. Lastly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, a rare congenital disorder. It is characterized by a partial or complete absence (agenesis) of an area of the brain that connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

Genetics
MASA syndrome has been associated with variants in the L1CAM gene which is an axonal glycoprotein that is essential for normal development of the central and peripheral nervous systems during the fetal period and postnatally. The symptoms are typically more intensive in males, due to the fact that males inherit only one X chromosome so a mutation in that one chromosome would cause the condition. Females are less likely to be affected because they have two X chromosomes. The prevalence is approximately 1 in 30,000 males. Fathers cannot pass the chromosomes to their sons, but only to their female offspring.

Diagnosis
A diagnosis can be made when the clinical features have been identified, mainly the four common signs and symptoms. This can then be confirmed by single-gene sequencing, where the L1CAM gene is examined for any possible variations.

A diagnostic test prior-to-birth is possible and very reliable when the mother is a carrier of the diseased allele. First, it's necessary to determine the fetus' sex and then study the X-chromosomes inherited from the mother. The probability of transferring the variant X-chromosome to the descendants is 50% regardless of the sex of the fetus (as illustrated by the figure). Male descendants who inherit the varied X-chromosome will express the symptoms of the syndrome, on the other hand females who inherit the varied X-chromosome will become carriers of the mutated gene and will not show any symptoms or clinical features of the syndrome.

Treatment
As of now, the only treatment for this disease is expertise in pediatrics, child neurology, neurosurgery, rehabilitation, and medical genetics. As some parts of the body can be damaged through time to time it can be useful to have the expertise to identify what other ways they can help for the complete health of the child.

Previous Cases
The first case of the MASA Syndrome was found in a boy in Asia. The patient was a 10-year-old boy with symptoms like, mild mental retardation, bilateral adducted thumbs and corpus callosum hypoplasia. His family did not have any history with MASA syndrome. There is not just one specific doctor or scientist for this disorder. Since the L1 syndrome is composed of many X-linked disorders, more than one doctor or scientist may find the disorder in a person. Most of the doctors who find the disorder are Neuroscientists and some Pediatric Neurology specialists.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: MASA syndrome


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Chrome, Smoke & BBQ

Chrome, Smoke & BBQ is a 4-CD box set by American rock band ZZ Top. Released in 2003, it is a compilation album of material from the band's tenures with London Records and Warner Bros. Records, recorded from 1967 to 1992. An abbreviated 2-CD version of this compilation, Rancho Texicano: The Very Best of ZZ Top (2004), was released the following year.

Release of original mixes
At the time of its release in 2003, Chrome, Smoke & BBQ was noteworthy because it was the only CD release, except for the greatest hits album The Best of ZZ Top (1977/CD 1984), which used the original mixes of tracks from the band's first five studio albums. Other track or whole album CD releases for those five albums used remixed versions from 1987. (See The Six Pack box set.) These remixed versions displeased many fans because they significantly changed the sound from the original albums.

The Best of ZZ Top (1977) was first released on CD in 1984, and uses the original track mixes for the CD. It includes one track from ZZ Top's First Album, two from Rio Grande Mud, four from Tres Hombres and three from Fandango!. Tres Hombres and Fandango! were reissued on CD in 2006, and were remastered using the original mixes. Chrome, Smoke & BBQ is the first ZZ Top track compilation release to include anything from the Tejas album.

In 2013, Warner Bros. Records released the CD box set The Complete Studio Albums 1970–1990, which includes the first ten ZZ Top studio albums, all with their original mixes. The timeframe of that ten album box set corresponds basically with the timeframe of Chrome, Smoke & BBQ, that is, the London Records and Warner Bros. Records recording years.

Track listing
All tracks are written by Billy Gibbons, Dusty Hill and Frank Beard, except where noted.

ZZ Top

 * Billy Gibbons – guitar, vocals
 * Dusty Hill - bass, keyboards, vocals
 * Frank Beard - drums, percussion

Production and engineering

 * Steve Ames – Producer
 * James Austin – Liner Notes, Compilation Producer
 * Robin Brian – Engineer
 * Neal Ceppos – Mixing
 * Bert Frilot – Engineer
 * Bill Ham – Producer, Executive Producer
 * Joe Hardy – Engineer
 * Doyle E. Jones – Engineer
 * Terry Kane – Engineer
 * Bob Ludwig – Engineer
 * Terry Manning – Engineer
 * Larry Nix – Engineer
 * Jim Reeves – Engineer

Photography

 * Bob Alford – Photography
 * Hugh Brown – Photography
 * George Craig – Photography
 * George DuBose – Photography
 * Ross Halfin – Photography
 * Mika Hashimoto – Photography
 * Lee – Photography
 * Dee Lippingwell – Photography
 * Tony Mottram – Photography
 * Bill Reitzel – Photography
 * Bill Straus – Photography
 * Jodi Summers – Photography
 * Charlyn Zlotnik – Photography

Other

 * Farrah Fawcett – Quotes Researched & Compiled
 * David Lynch – Quotes Researched & Compiled
 * Bob Merlis – Interviewer
 * Ann Richards – Quotes Researched & Compiled
 * Kid Rock – Quotes Researched & Compiled
 * Billy Bob Thornton – Quotes Researched & Compiled
 * Tom Vickers – Liner Notes
 * Dwight Yoakam – Quotes Researched & Compiled

title: Chrome, Smoke & BBQ


text: Talk:Culture of Hungary

title: Talk:Culture of Hungary


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User talk:Calebbell

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text
 * IRC channel
 * Mailing lists
 * Current polls

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 21:18, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

TAMU cleanup
I amde several changes to the TAMU page with justifications on the discussion page. I noticed that you were responsible for some of the content and wanted to give you a heads up. Let me know what you think. Dothivalla 20:39, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

Texas A&M
We are now a FA. Thanks for your past contributions

title: User talk:Calebbell


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Spiritual transcendence

More delectable spiritual guidance from User:Kkawohl, whose contributions are candidates for featured articles. I particularly like his list of notable prophets; Abraham, Moses, Noah, Jesus, Muhammad, Krishna, Bahá'u'lláh, Ahmad, Nanak... ...and... ...Kawohl. Fruitcake anyone? Dunc_Harris|☺ 21:19, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Transcend article into Dimensional Beyondness ASAP. Mine's with lots of raisins. --Ianb 21:37, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * What a heck? Sure does like wikilinking every coinage, doesn't he?  "Great beyondness"...yeah, that's in common use, it's just like the "great beforeness."  Delete with vigor. Geogre 21:38, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Spectatrix 22:26, 2004 Jul 31 (UTC)
 * Two thumbs down. Delete. DannyBoy | Talk 02:10, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, no. When someone starts lumping himself together with well-known prophets and religious figures, it's time to speed-delete anything that has this man's name attached to it.  I'm trying to be nice, but Lord knows it ain't easy.  Delete ASAP. - Lucky 6.9 05:49, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete and
 * Evidently, User:Kkawohl thinks the Wikipedia is his free web host and soapbox, and he shakes his fists into the air yelling "censorship" when people claim otherwise. When I tried reasoning with him earlier today, I was unaware of the existence of this article.  --Ardonik 08:27, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * Since my hopelessly mundane delete vote could not possibly disturb true transcendance, I'd like to give it a try...Fire Star 15:37, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Not Kawohl again. We went through this in unbelievable detail a while ago. Delete, and anything else related. DJ Clayworth 18:09, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to transcendence. -Sean Curtin 20:15, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)


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Aagenaes syndrome

Aagenaes syndrome is a syndrome characterised by congenital hypoplasia of lymph vessels, which causes lymphedema of the legs and recurrent cholestasis in infancy, and slow progress to hepatic cirrhosis and giant cell hepatitis with fibrosis of the portal tracts.

The genetic cause is unknown, but it is autosomal recessively inherited and the gene is located to chromosome 15q1,2. A common feature of the condition is a generalised lymphoedema from birth or childhood caused by hypoplasia of the lymphatic vessels in origin1. Approximately one hundred people with this disease are known. The condition is particularly frequent in southern Norway, where more than half the cases are reported, but it is found in patients in other parts of Europe and the United States. It is named after Øystein Aagenæs, a Norwegian paediatrician. It is also called cholestasis-lymphedema syndrome (CLS).

The first case of cholestasis usually improves spontaneously during preschool and early school age and returns at various intervals of two to six months. The severity of the disease varies in these patients, with some even experiencing complete liver failure. In these cases, liver transplantation is necessary. Untreated cholestasis is accompanied by jaundice, itching, malabsorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins. This can lead to skeletal abnormalities and a higher susceptibility to bleeding. In early childhood and adolescence, lymphedema most often develops in all patients' lower limbs, but the upper limbs or chest are no exception. Untreated lymphedema can cause chronic tissue damage.

Biochemical analysis
A biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase of bilirubin concentration in patients in the first months of life, with a later decrease. Around the age of 3 or 4, the value was optimized to normal limits.

In patients aged 10–20 years, serum concentrations of bilirubin, bile acids and transaminases (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase) reached normal or almost optimal values.

Patients without observed liver cirrhosis compared to the control group had elevated levels of ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase). There was no significant difference in serum bile acid concentrations between patients and control group. However, test patients had lower values for total protein, CRP, albumin and creatinine. Moreover, the value for fibrinogen was higher in patients with Aagenaes syndrome.

There was only a slight increase in mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) in terms of erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet counts. Serum albumin concentrations decreased with age, but not in the control group.

Treatment
Although no cure for this disease has been found, improvements in the course of the disease have been significantly seen after the administration of nutritional and vitamin supplements, especially in children. It is stated that if there is no remission by about 12 to 18 months of childhood, liver transplantation is necessary at a later age.

Neonatal cholestasis lasted no more than one year in some patients or lasted until the age of 6/7 years in some cases. In recent decades, cholestatic episodes have lasted a shorter time than before 1970. There has also been a decline in rickets, growth retardation, and neuropathy over time. The reasons for this are improved nutritional habits, vitamin and cholestyramine supplementation. Nevertheless, it is not yet possible to prevent serious liver disease.

History
The first reported cases of Aagenaes syndrome were described in a study in 1968 from the southwest of Norway. Four out of five children born before 1939 died of bleeding in the first weeks of life. Vitamin K was introduced this year, after the birth of another four children after 1939. When these children received one dose of this vitamin, three of them died at the age of 5–9 months. The confirmed cause of death in one or two children in this group was bleeding. The remaining seven children, born in 1935 and in 1942–1966, who were part of a study published in 1968, were alive at the time.

title: Aagenaes syndrome


text:
Talk:Gerd von Rundstedt

Gerd or Karl
Hello, somebody just added to the discussion page of the Dutch wiki that we should rename the article to Gerd von Rundstedt as we have now named it Karl von Rundstedt. All of the books I have read about the second ww in Dutch (and these are quite a lot) refer to the man als Karl! Why was chosen for the lemmaname of Gerd? Waerth 21:21, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Gerd is much more common. But I'm not German, so what do I know! Aaрон Кинни  (t) 10:55, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

AFAIK he didn't use his other two forenames, he is usualy referred to as only Gerd von Rundstedt. --Denniss 15:08, 31 July 2006 (UTC)

POV
For some reason all attempts to introduce some realism into an article that appears as an insuffereble love fest for Rundstedt aresummarily reverted. It has long become depressingly apperant that Wikipedia is colonised by some incorrugible Wehrmacht worshippers, but this too much.

 * I too have noticed the von Rundstedt fervor, why is there so much favoritism for this general. i move that this page be marked as biased--Manwithbrisk 22:01, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

Casualty numbers
May i ask which source says that the count of prisoners of Kiev siege was approximately 400.000?

the Soviet marshal Moskalenko reported in 1969 that the some total of Soviet troops possesd by the encircled units was a mere 452,000 while Erickson reports that a total of 150,541 subsequently escaped or fought their way out of encirclement. This would put the total of Soviet troops permanently trapped in the pocket at almost exactly 300,000 of whom a large number doubtlessly died fighting. However Glantz, though accepting Moskalenko's tally, puts the number of Soviet troops who made it out of encirclement at around a mere 15,000 (When Titans Clashed) I am inclined to accept Erickson's figure and regard the 15,000 figure as a mere typo but in the absence of conclusive proof I cannot authorotatively exclude it. What is one to do???. Giving Rundstedt the benefit of the doubt I reluctuntly accepted the Glantz figure. Perhaps the matter should be more extensively covered in a footnote in the article itself for it seems very likely that the actual figure was a mere 300,000 permanently trapped and that Glantz's 15,000 breaking out of encirclement was indeed a mere typing error, but how does one get in touch with Glantz to make sure?!

 * The easiest way to ask Glantz is to send him an email and ask him.Miletus (talk) 17:37, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

The case of Rundstedts apply for a halt is not definite.Liddell Hart tells the opposite while Willam Shirer thinks he is responsible for the halt order.I request it to be removed from the article. About Kiev casualties: Evan Mawdsley gives the number 616.000, Anthony Beevor 665.000 (prisoners only) and Norman Davies the 657.000's. Guderian claims 290.000. (Also prisoners only)

Curious. Davies quote 'numerous sources', Mawdsley 'Poteri' (?) and Beevor is quite vague. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.243.127.162 (talk) 10:49, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

two images?
In the article it says something about two images but there is only one. Why does it say 2 images if there is only one?
 * Agreed; change duly made. Nibios 14:58, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Hitler wanting peace with Britain
I am not sure why this is taking up so much space in the Rundstedt article. It's a tiny part of Rundstedt's overall career. It might merit more space in the article on Hitler, perhaps, but not here. -- Hongooi 18:01, 23 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree with you and have removed the section. It's basically primary research so it doesn't even belong on Wikipedia. Comatose51 03:55, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

Correct name spelling
Is it Rundstedt or Randstedt? On the German Wiki its the later.--Mrg3105 (talk) 03:23, 23 December 2007 (UTC)
 * That was apparently a typo in German Wikipedia and has subsequently been corrected: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_von_Rundstedt  Best regardsTheBaron0530 (talk) 16:24, 11 June 2021 (UTC)

Franz Halder
Since i'm suspect of vandalism, i state here i made a small change in the word "Halder" in the section "World War II". Geez. 200.222.3.3 (talk) 21:02, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Reference to Rundstedt in Leo G. Carroll
I found a reference to Rundstedt in an article on the actor Leo G. Carroll, who portrayed him once. Reference is made to his war crimes record, and I wondered if it belonged in that article. Can someone take a look? Thanks.--Stetsonharry (talk) 17:12, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Military history/Assessment/Tag & Assess 2008
Article reassessed and graded as start class. --dashiellx (talk) 18:14, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

was von Rundstedt an artist?
My great uncle ran a prisoner of war camp. He sent me pictures painted and signed by Von Rundstedt Are they valuable? They are decent water colors —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.46.182.213 (talk) 03:48, 3 August 2008 (UTC)

Hello people - somebody has removed my entries from Keagan 1974 and everthing I ever has read atbout R. Please tell me why Keagan i 74 was wrong and all the rest. I will ad then again, but ok i this time I will be more precise. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Gjoh (talk • contribs) 00:55, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

A sloppy article
This article is rather sloppy, with a good bit of what seems to be POV - and not consistent POVs! Needs a full cleanup.

Having just read Messenger's biography, I agree that this article is second-rate. Like most Wikipedia biographical articles, it contains too much anecdote and too little history. I might have a go at fixing it. I am also highly sceptical about this quote: ''"Von Rundstedt, addressing the Reich War Academy in Berlin in 1943, declared: "One of the great mistakes of 1918 was to spare the civil life of the enemy countries, for it is necessary for us Germans to be always at least double the numbers of the peoples of the contiguous countries. We are therefore obliged to destroy at least a third of their inhabitants. The only means is organized underfeeding which in this case is better than machine guns."'' I realise this is referenced, but anyone who has read a Rundstedt biography will see that it is totally out of character, and I very much doubt he said it. The reference given is not to a history work but to a polemical article which gives no source for the quotation. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 11:46, 11 June 2012 (UTC)

I have rewritten this article down to 1939. I'll do the rest when I have time. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 05:13, 13 June 2012 (UTC)

I have now rewritten the article down to July 1944. I will do the rest next week if I have time. I have also tracked down the source of the above quotation, and as I suspected it's a fabrication, or at least a misattribution. I will refer to it in the proper place. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 02:51, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

Referencing
I am doing the referencing in what seems to me to be the cleanest and simplest way. Please leave it as it is until I have finished the rewrite, otherwise it's going to be a hybrid mess and I won't be able to see what I'm doing. After I've finished, if people really want to redo all the referencing, we can argue about that then. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 11:46, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Leaving a rude edit summary when reverting a large number of useful edits is neither WP:AGF nor WP:CIVIL. "I don't like it" is not a valid reason. You do not WP:OWN the article. Please have more respect for your fellow editors. Also, take a look at WP:CITESHORT. ( Hohum  @ ) 11:46, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * You also tried to add a warning for nobody else to edit the article. More useful notices are Template:In use or Template:Under construction. You will notice that the first is to try an avoid edit conflicts during activity - not to dissuade editing in general, and the second encourages collaboration. ( Hohum  @ ) 11:58, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * I don't need collaboration. I need the article to left alone while I work on it. If I'm not allowed to warn people of that, so be it, but they run the risk of getting their edits deleted. When that happens, I'll refer them to you. I don't claim to own the article, but I do claim to know more about the subject matter than anyone who's worked on it so far, so I'd appreciate being allowed to get on with it, without having to conduct silly pedantic edit wars along the way. If people don't like what I write, they can change it when I'm done, which no doubt they will. If you want to change all the referencing so that it looks like a 1950s textbook, that's your prerogative, but turning it into a hybrid mess while the article is being worked on is not useful editing. You actually erased two references so that I had to look them up again. (PS You've also set up your talk page in such a way that I can't figure out how to make comments on it, which doesn't improve my enthusiasm for negotiating with you.) Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 13:35, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
 * If you don't even tolerate collaboration, wikipedia is not the place for you; end of discussion.
 * Your edits are valuable content, and I'd like you to see reason.
 * Contrary to your edit comments, I did not remove any references, other than one which was a duplicate of one a sentence later. I may have slightly moved others, after periods or brackets. Even if I had removed two, you could add those two back rather than wholesale revert. To add comments to my talk page, click the new section button, or add to the very end. If you continue with your current incivil behaviour I will seek the attention of an administrator, with some regret. (Retracted - I see your most recent edit was not a wholesale revert.) ( Hohum  @ ) 15:34, 16 July 2012 (UTC)
 * Template:In use would seem to be the perfect template to use while you are actively making a series of edits, but it should be removed between sessions. ( Hohum  @ ) 15:51, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

The distinction between "notes" and "references" which you are imposing on this article is pointless and confusing. In a printed book, to be sure, notes appear at the foot of the page while references (usually) appear at the end of a chapter or at the end of the book. But this is not a book, there are no pages, and both notes and references appear at the end of the article. So what is the point of separating them? Particularly when this leads you to split my footnotes into two or three sections, destroying the sense. The note about the number of officers expelled by the Honour Court makes clear that the sources are contradictory, but this point is lost when you split it in two. The note about "Make peace, you fools!" makes it clear that different versions are extant because Blumentritt gave out different versions, but you obscured this by splitting it into three. So now I have to spend my morning rechecking all the footnotes to see what else you've messed up.Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 01:24, 17 July 2012 (UTC)
 * If nobody is any longer interested in standardising the footnotes in this article, I will put them back the way I like them. I will wait for comment before doing so. Intelligent Mr Toad (talk) 06:26, 26 July 2012 (UTC)
 * WP:CITESHORT is a perfectly normal, concise and non confusing, way of referencing articles. So is splitting pure references from those with additional comments. How do you propose to improve them?
 * The wikipedia self reference needs to go entirely, along with the numbers it is used to support - that or find something reliable to support them. ( Hohum  @ ) 15:01, 27 July 2012 (UTC)

Confusion in the "Last years" section
I'm a little confused by the "Last years" section. It says: "His wife was living in Solz, but this was in the American Zone, where he could not travel because the American." In the next paragraph it says: "He and Bila were temporarily housed in an old people's home near Celle." There's no indication as to when they reunited, and under what circumstances. Would someone be able clarify what happened? Thanks - Akamad (talk) 16:38, 22 November 2012 (UTC)

Released from service?
Actually never.Although someone wrote in greek wiki he was released from his service three times by Hitler[],that's no true:the third(wrong) and last one(wrong also) supposed to be on July 1944 ,but truth is Hitler just replaced him for the second time(first one was on East Front in 1942).Generalfeldmarschal von Runstend has always been "Wermacht's older soldier"(his very words),to the end of WW II.28regiment (talk) 08:26, 23 March 2021 (UTC) []

Translating "court of honor"
In the section, "Plot to Kill Hitler", "Court of Honour" is translated as "Ehrenhof". Should it not be "Ehrengericht"? "Hof" is indeed a court, in a general sense and with several meanings. But a court in the sense of a court of law or other types of judgements or trial, is a "Gericht" or "Gerichtshof". Best regardsTheBaron0530 (talk) 16:01, 11 June 2021 (UTC)

 * Why would you want to translate English into German? The original term is German, and it's "Ehrenhof". 2A02:AA1:164E:6BC3:31FE:5885:CAAD:994F (talk) 08:40, 27 March 2024 (UTC)

Hugo Laternser
Or maybe not. 2A02:AA1:164E:6BC3:306D:C97E:472E:CE96 (talk) 23:42, 26 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gerd von Rundstedt


text:
Tennis (1981 video game)

Tennis is a sports video game for the Atari VCS (later called the Atari 2600) which was written by Activision co-founder Alan Miller and published by Activision in 1981.

Gameplay

Tennis offers singles matches for one or two players; one player is colored pink, the other blue. The game has two user-selectable speed levels. When serving and returning shots, the tennis players automatically swing forehand or backhand as the situation demands, and all shots automatically clear the net and land in bounds.

The first player to win one six-game set is declared the winner of the match (if the set ends in a 6-6 tie, the set restarts from 0-0). This differs from professional tennis, in which player must win at least two out of three six-game sets.

Reception
Tennis received an award for "Best Competitive Game" and an honorable mention for "Best Sports Game" at the 3rd annual Arkie Awards. Arkie Award judges commented that "Tennis is as far removed from the primitive Pong-style games from which it derives as gasoline is from the dinosaurs", and specific praise was given to the game's "realistic illusion of depth" and its competitive aspects which allow for "hard fought contest[s]" and "glorious comebacks from the brink of defeat" and which give "more methodical players a chance to taste victory against the kings and queens of hand-eye coordination".

Covered in Video magazine's 1982 Guide to Electronic Games, Tennis was characterized by critics as "not terribly complicated," but also as "one of the few very good sports games for the Atari VCS".

Reviews

 * Games

title: Tennis (1981 video game)


text:
User talk:Pethan

Vincent van Gogh
Hi, Nice to see you are tidying up the categories. I was tempted to make the same change myself a couple of days ago. However for our man Vincent, there is a problem because he is already in Category:Vincent van Gogh which is a subcategory of Category:Dutch painters. As such he should probably not be duplicated in either Category:Dutch painters or Category:Painters, but that doesn't quite look right. I don't have an answer, categories can be tricky, but I thought I would mention it. -- Solipsist 21:24, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the comment :)  You are right about Vincent, I will remove the Category Pethan 16:15, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)]

 * I have been going over this again. There is no such category as "Painters by nationality". Still I would like to make it possible for visitors of the Category:Dutch people to see all kinds of people, also painters. Under the Category:Painters it would be silly to see Picasso and not see Rembrandt. The best solution at the moment could be to use the Category:Dutch painters with all of them and the Category:Painters with the internationally famous (although this seems arbitrary) What do you think? Pethan 19:53, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)]

 * There is some general guidance on Categorization, that suggests that an article should go into the most specific category available and not be duplicated in any of the parent Categories. I guess part of the thinking here is that the views of items in Categories is likely to change and improve in the future. So that at the moment, although don't see any of the Category:Dutch painters in Category:Painters view, that might become a configurable option. -- Solipsist 17:32, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * In the meantime I have taken this one step further: I removed all Dutch painters from Category:Painters in the hope that the same will happen to the other nationalities.

 * Also I may have persuaded User:Spinster to put some the Dutch painters into Category:Flemish painters. Ultimately, I imagine we should subcategorise the Category:Italian painters and possibly some of the other nationalities if there are enough of them. -- Solipsist 17:52, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Giuseppe Grisoni that was a tricky one.... -- Solipsist 19:39, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * You are really fast :) What to do with Belgian painters, like Ensor? Pethan 20:12, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * My guess is there are not enough of them at the moment, so probably best to lump the Belgians in with the French, Germans and British in Category:Painters unless you feel this would imply POV. -- Solipsist 21:59, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Picking up further discussion on categories at Category talk:Art -- Solipsist 20:48, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

sorting
I don't think there's an absolute rule to follow. It should be sorted under what English considers to be the last name, based on actual usage.

In this case, physics refers to "Van der Waals force", which is a strong indication that in English, the last name is considered to be "Van der Waals". In this case, the entire last name is sorted "as is".

In the case of "Antony van Leeuwenhoek", people talk about Leeuwenhoek microscopes or Leeuwenhoek's disease. But for Van der Waals, he is never referred to (in English) as just "Waals".

To take an analogy with German, there are many surnames with "von" but in many cases these are omitted when naming something after the person. For instance, "Joseph von Fraunhofer", but "Fraunhofer refractor" or "Fraunhofer diffraction". Thus, this is sorted undef "F". On the other hand, "John Von Neumann" is always "Von Neumann" and never just "Neumann", and therefore sorted under "V" ("Von Neumann architecture", not "Neumann architecture").

Similarly, in French, there are some names with "de" where the "de" is optional and can be dropped, such as "Pierre de Fermat" (sorted under "F"), and others where it cannot, such as "Charles de Gaulle" (sorted under "D").

It's on a case by case basis, based on actual usage, especially things named after the person ("Fermat's theorem" vs. "De Gaulle airport").

To take a completely different example, in Arabic "al Qaeda" and "al Jazeera" would undoubtedly be sorted under Q and J, but an English-speaking person would look for them under "A".

It's not reasonable to expect a user of an encyclopedia to be aware of the rules of each foreign language and sort names the way that that language would do so. It has to be based on actual usage in English, for an English-language encyclopedia, however illogical or inconsistent it might be.

-- Curps 16:46, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Winston Churchill
Good call on the categories for Winston Churchill. Don't be surprised if User:Pigsonthewing reverts your edit though. I've been having the same problem on Bill Oddie, as you can see on the talk pages. You might like to add to the discussion there. --

Daudelin and Ferron
I was curious why you chose to put Charles Daudelin and Marcelle Ferron into the category Canadian painters. Daudelin was far more famous for his sculpture than his painting, and Ferron for her stained glass. - Montréalais 05:35, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The reason I didn't complete the categorisation of these artists is that my aim in the last week has been to complete the national subcategories of the Category:Painters. My silent hope is that Users from these countries will then go through 'their painters' and complete the categorisation (other artistic genres and artistic period) as I will certainly do for the Dutch painters Pethan 06:44, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

The Lowry family of engravers
I am glad to see you have been able to categorise Joseph Wilson Lowry. I have been trying to do the same for his father, Wilson Lowry, but cannot get the coding to work. Can you have a go, please and I will see how you did it!! Many thanks Apwoolrich 13:30, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Good articles! Are there images to be found to accompany them? The categorising went well. Pethan 17:52, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Image copyrights
Hi Pethan, Nice job on adding images. But take care, I'm not sure that Image:Memling Shrine.jpg passes the photograph which just reproduces a painting test. So the copyright on the photograph could stand.

Some of the other images also contain the frame which would be risk.

I can't find Wikipedias policy on this point, but there is some better phrased information here -- Solipsist 19:32, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Thank you Solipsist, for the compliment and the warnings. It would be such a pity if Image:Memling Shrine.jpg wouldn't be possible, because it's so beautiful. Should I remove it or just wait for the verdict? I will take care for those frames too. Pethan 19:44, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll ask for further clarification on Wikipedia_talk:Image_use_policy/copyright -- Solipsist 20:17, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Just found where I saw the original discussion on this -Copyright_issues and Copyright_issues - which you may want to check. -- Solipsist 07:13, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Art Categorisation (again)
Discussion moved to User talk:Solipsist -- Solipsist 10:44, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

American Sculptors
Hi, Pethan: i noticed that you hooked Rene PaulChambellan up with a United States Sculptors link. or something like that. if you are interested in doing more, my user page has a list of others, mostly sculptors, that I've written up. I don't think of these people as "Americans" as such, but if this is a way of catigorizing that makes sense to you, go for it. Carptrash 16:23, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Hi Carptrash: principally what I have done is categorising Sculptors in the same way as Painters and Architects, because it was a very long list (more than 130). Categorising by nation seems a logical step. What I would like to do most is find images, because with the arts a picture does say more than 1,000 words. The copyright problem stands in the way, I am afraid. I will surely take a look at your list Pethan 17:07, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Dutch municipalities
Hi Pethan, actually there was no need to tell me about those templates: I have the majority of the Dutch municipalities on my watch list, and your edits were really conspicuous. Good work!

About my project idea: it's not an official proposal as yet, so there's no reason you should have known about it, or followed the format. I'll probably move it out of my private userspace in a couple of days. Before I started that page, I looked around on the Dutch wikipedia, but couldn't find anything; now I've found nl:Wikipedia:Gemeente sjabloon, which looks good, and I'll certainly use some ideas from that page. If you have some ideas yourself about this project, don't hesitate to let me know; either on my talk page or on the project proposal at User:Eugene van der Pijll/WikiProject Dutch municipalities. Eugene van der Pijll 20:24, 25 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The redirection of villages to their municipalities wasn't actually my idea. I picked it up from User:Patrick. But it's a good idea anyway :-) Eugene van der Pijll 20:35, 25 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Breda
Pethan, I've made a few changes to Breda which should clear up a few things. Henry V refers to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor. Apart from being H.R.E., he also was the lord of Breda. Eugene van der Pijll 21:11, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Good work! A few things keep bugging me. Henry: I think now that Henry of Brunesheim (1080-1125) was meant, that gives the reader more information than Henry V. Alix: shouldn't we use the more usual Adelheid? Philip: what is the informational value of her father? To make a somewhat radical departure from the original text I propose the following, but won't implement it until I have had comment from you:

 * "In the 11th century Breda was a direct fief of the Holy Roman Emperor, its earliest known lord being Henry of Brunesheim (1080 - 1125). In 1327 Breda was sold by Adelheid of Gaveren and her husband Gerhard of Rasseghem to John III, Duke of Brabant." And maybe Gerhard of Rasseghem can be dispensed with too? Pethan 07:52, 28 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * You're right, Henry means Henry of Brunesheim. I made a mistake interpreting the article, and assumed that the link to Henry V was correct. The date of death of Henry V is also 1125, which confused both the original author and me, I presume. Alix (or Alice) is the English version of the German/Dutch name Adelheid. I don't know how common this translation is nowadays, and I can live with both versions. Your new text is OK with me. Eugene van der Pijll 09:11, 28 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Terneuzen
I liked Houten, and I changed Terneuzen in the same way. I've added 1 thing to the infobox: land surface area. That is useful in cases like Medemblik. Also population density is now calculated on basis of land area. If we're both happy with this format, it might be time for me to rewrite the project page and to make it "official". Eugene van der Pijll 18:11, 28 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi Pethan, take a look at (the source code of) Maarssen. I defined a template for the infobox (see Template:Infobox Dutch municipality). I think it is easier to create the infoboxes this way; it's prettier in the edit window; and it's certainly easier if we want to change the format a bit. Eugene van der Pijll 23:05, 29 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The Stede Broec problem has been solved. The template now looks for an image called "LocatieStede_Broec.png", with an underscore. This means you have to rename the map before you upload it to the English wikipedia. I couldn't find any other way to get it working, unfortunately.
 * It is not possible to calculate the density automatically, I'm afraid. Eugene van der Pijll 17:04, 30 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The file name in the template is based on the name of the page, not on the name of the municipality. This is for technical reasons. So the image for Soest, Netherlands has to be named LocatieSoest,_Netherlands.png, and the image for Wijk bij Duurstede should be at LocatieWijk_bij_Duurstede.png . I've uploaded these images in the right places. Eugene van der Pijll 16:43, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Dutch categories
In response to your comment

 * Hi Aecis
 * and I have noticed that you have been categorising Dutch cities. I applaud the effort,
 * but IMO this category should be under Category:Geography of the Netherlands.
 * It happens there already was the Category:Cities in the Netherlands there.
 * How should we solve this? Pethan 17:16, 30 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I think the best option would be to move the articles in Cities of the Netherlands to Dutch cities, since Dutch cities contains more articles than Cities of the Netherlands, which would make moving the articles easier. Cities of the Netherlands could then be deleted. I think Dutch topography is different from Dutch geography, and therefore deserving of a category of its own. Aecis 17:21, 30 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Part 2

You said:
 * I agree with moving the cities to your new category, but I really think that cities should be under the same
 * subcategory of Category:Netherlands where provinces, municipalities, rivers etc. are to be found.
 * So I would like to suggest to moving Category:Dutch cities to Category:Geography of the Netherlands.
 * Could you agree? Pethan 17:59, 30 Aug 2004 (UTC)

My answer is short but simple: yes, I can agree with it :) Aecis 19:11, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Categories
Hi Pethan,

I just noticed that you have removed you to-do lists on Category:Engravers and Category:Painters — does this mean that you have got many of the arts categories sorted out? -- Solipsist 20:14, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi Solipsist, Nice you noticed :) I have been very busy with Dutch municipalities lately. About Art Categories: no, there is a lot of cleaning up to be done. But yes, I know what basic schema Í would use (you can see a beginning in Category:Architecture). But I am afraid to go through with it. Categories are a heated subject, as I just noted also on the Dutch Wikipedia. I would like to spend many happy hours here without antagonisms Pethan 20:32, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Wikiproject Dutch municipalities
Hi Pethan, I just wanted to tell you the Wikiproject has gone official. Eugene van der Pijll 23:31, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Feel free to edit the project page yourself, if you have any good ideas! You don't need my permission to change it, we're all equal here. I've changed the wording of the suggested introduction a bit. I don't know about linking to town, city, etc. but if you want to, that's fine. Eugene van der Pijll 19:48, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Alfred van Cock
Alfred van Cock: can you verify? Mikkalai 17:28, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Italian Architects
I have just added two more to the above page Scamozzi and Longhena, however they have gone in alphabetically under their christian names, do you know how to fix it? - Sorry Giano 15:47, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Category:Vincent van Gogh
I just saw that you had blanked this a couple months ago, without comment, and without replacing it with any structure to group together the main Vincent van Gogh article, the articles on his paintings, and his eponymous museum in Amsterdam. I can't say that the category was absolutely the best solution, but I still can't think of anything better. What was your reasoning? Postdlf 03:44, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * What I remeber of it: it was a category with just two articles and not much hope of receiving more. And van Gogh was the only painter handled this way. Pethan 12:01, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * That's reason to expand the treatment to other painters, not to blank this one. And you didn't think that there would be more articles on van Gogh paintings?  Postdlf 15:22, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)
 * I think Pethan's decision was a good one at the time. Many of the artistic categories were a complete hodge-podge in July/Aug. I remember thinking the van Gogh category looked out of place of over zealous. Since then Pethan and others have done a lot of work rationalising the artistic categories and spliting them into country based sub cats. It may be that there is a case for reinstating a van Gogh category now, along with similar cats for some other major artists, but even then I'm not sure the category should be Category:Vincent van Gogh but rather Category:Work of Vincent van Gogh or some other sort of parallel category. Either way I would recommend opening it up for more general discussion. -- Solipsist 16:41, 15 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. – Ram-Man (comment) (talk)  14:44, Dec 9, 2004 (UTC)

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following images:

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 22:20, Dec 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Image:Isaac_van_Ostade_Winter_Scene.jpg
 * Image:Isenbrant_Egypt.jpg
 * Image:Duccio Maestà.jpg

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Also, don't forget Image:Accama Anna van Hannover.jpg --Ricky81682 (talk) 08:31, Dec 18, 2004 (UTC)

 * I really don't understand this. I have mentioned the source and the pictures are hundreds of years old. What more do you want?Pethan 10:30, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * First of all, I apologize. If you look at the image copyright tags page, you'll see that art is based on the number of years that have passed since the artist's death.  It is completely my fault, as I should have noted the author's name and (following the link on the page itself) realized that he died in 1756 and tagged it appropriately.  Fortunately for me, Evil Monkey has already done so.  Sorry again. --Ricky81682 (talk) 07:45, Dec 27, 2004 (UTC)

lots of edits, not an admin
Hi - I made a list of users who've been around long enough to have made lots of edits but aren't admins. If you're at all interested in becoming an admin, can you please add an '*' immediately before your name in this list? I've suggested folks nominating someone might want to puruse this list, although there is certainly no guarantee anyone will ever look at it. Thanks. -- Rick Block (talk) 14:36, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)

William-Adolphe Bouguereau gallery
You have in the past edited William-Adolphe Bouguereau. A related article, the William-Adolphe Bouguereau gallery has been nominated for deletion for violating WP:NOT (AfD here). A proposal to modify WP:NOT is here. Please join either or both conversations and comment as you see fit. Dsmdgold 16:56, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Please check your WP:NA entry
Greetings, editor! Your name appears on List of non-admins with high edit counts. If you have not done so lately, please take a look at that page and check your listing to be sure that following the particulars are correct: Thank you, and have a wiki wiki day! BD2412 T 03:27, 17 February 2006 (UTC)
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Image copyright problem with Image:Primaticcio_Holy_Family.jpg
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Uitspraak Gemeentenamen
Dag Pethan, ik zag dat je bezig houdt met het WikiProject Dutch municipalities. Vandaar dacht ik dat dit je misschien wel zou interesseren: nl:Gebruiker:Quichot heeft onlangs alle Nederlandse gemeentenamen ingesproken. Ik ben nu samen met hem bezig om ze op nl.wikipedia in de gemeenteartikelen te zetten, misschien is dat ook wat voor jullie project? De bestanden zijn te vinden via Commons op commons:Pronunciation of Dutch municipality names. Groet, NielsF Talk to me.. 01:05, 14 March 2006 (UTC)

Image:Memling Shrine.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Memling Shrine.jpg. I notice the 'image' page specifies that the image is being used under fair use, but its use in Wikipedia articles fails our first fair use criterion in that it illustrates a subject for which a freely licensed image could reasonably be found or created that provides substantially the same information. If you believe this image is not replaceable, please:

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Wroclaw University Press - Sorghum durra - copyright enquiry
Wroclaw University Press is going to publish a book by doctor Gosciwit Malinowski from the Institute of Classical Philology and Ancient Culture of the Wroclaw University entitled Agatarchides z Knidos (Agatharchides of Cnidus). In the book we would like to reproduce your image of Sorghum durra (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sorghum_durra01.jpg/200px-Sorghum_durra01.jpg).

We would like to ask you to grant us a one-time reproduction premission to use the image in our book as a small illustration. I decided to contact you personally to make sure that we can use the photo without problems.

Please let me know if you need any additional information.

Thank you in advance.

Best regards,

Maria Gasieniec

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wroclawskiego Sp. z o.o. pl. Uniwersytecki 15 50-137 Wroclaw/ Poland tel.: 0048 71 375 24 74 fax: 0048 71 375 27 35 e-mail: licencje@wuwr.com.pl —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 156.17.87.250 (talk) 08:49, 9 January 2007 (UTC).

Orphaned non-free image (Image:LocatieWijkBijDuurstede.png)
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NowCommons: Image:Adrian van de Velde Scheveningen.jpg
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NowCommons: Image:LocatieLoon op Zand.png
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Victorian Architecture--Kudpung (talk) 01:22, 11 August 2009 (UTC)
Hi ! An article you have been concerned with has many  issues and urgently needs improving. If you can help with these issues please see Talk:Victorian architecture, address the different points if you  can, and leave any  comments there.--Kudpung (talk) 01:22, 11 August 2009 (UTC)

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WikiProject
I noticed you are listed as a member in WikiProject_Dutch_municipalities. This project is listed as inactive now, I might perform some of the steps adviced in INACTIVEWP, including tagging it as semi-active. I will not have a lot of time to spend on this, so please join me on the project talk page if you have any interest in reactivating the project. CRwikiCA (talk) 21:30, 11 February 2013 (UTC)

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Category:Flemish painters has been nominated for renaming
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Category:Dutch stadtholders has been nominated for renaming
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title: User talk:Pethan


text:
Geological formation

A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics (lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column). It is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy, the study of strata or rock layers.

A formation must be large enough that it can be mapped at the surface or traced in the subsurface. Formations are otherwise not defined by the thickness of their rock strata, which can vary widely. They are usually, but not universally, tabular in form. They may consist of a single lithology (rock type), or of alternating beds of two or more lithologies, or even a heterogeneous mixture of lithologies, so long as this distinguishes them from adjacent bodies of rock.

The concept of a geologic formation goes back to the beginnings of modern scientific geology. The term was used by Abraham Gottlob Werner in his theory of the origin of the Earth, which was developed over the period from 1774 to his death in 1817. The concept became increasingly formalized over time and is now codified in such works as the North American Stratigraphic Code and its counterparts in other regions.

Geologic maps showing where various formations are exposed at the surface are fundamental to such fields as structural geology, allowing geologists to infer the tectonic history of a region or predict likely locations for buried mineral resources.

Defining formations

The boundaries of a formation are chosen to give it the greatest practical lithological consistency. Formations should not be defined by any criteria other than lithology. The lithology of a formation includes characteristics such as chemical and mineralogical composition, texture, color, primary depositional structures, fossils regarded as rock-forming particles, or other organic materials such as coal or kerogen. The taxonomy of fossils is not a valid lithological basis for defining a formation.

The contrast in lithology between formations required to justify their establishment varies with the complexity of the geology of a region. Formations must be able to be delineated at the scale of geologic mapping normally practiced in the region; the thickness of formations may range from less than a meter to several thousand meters.

Geologic formations are typically named after a permanent natural or artificial feature of the geographic area in which they were first described. The name consists of the geographic name plus either "Formation" or a descriptive name. Examples include the Morrison Formation, named for the town of Morrison, Colorado, and the Kaibab Limestone, named after the Kaibab Plateau of Arizona. The names must not duplicate previous formation names, so, for example, a newly designated formation could not be named the Kaibab Formation, since the Kaibab Limestone is already established as a formation name. The first use of a name has precedence over all others, as does the first name applied to a particular formation.

As with other stratigraphic units, the formal designation of a formation includes a stratotype which is usually a type section. A type section is ideally a good exposure of the formation that shows its entire thickness. If the formation is nowhere entirely exposed, or if it shows considerably lateral variation, additional reference sections may be defined. Long-established formations dating to before the modern codification of stratigraphy, or which lack tabular form (such as volcanic formations), may substitute a type locality for a type section as their stratotype. The geologist defining the formation is expected to describe the stratotype in sufficient detail that other geologists can unequivocally recognize the formation.

Although formations should not be defined by any criteria other than primary lithology, it is often useful to define biostratigraphic units on paleontological criteria, chronostratigraphic units on the age of the rocks, and chemostratigraphic units on geochemical criteria, and these are included in stratigraphic codes.

Usefulness of formations
The concept of formally defined layers or strata is central to the geologic discipline of stratigraphy, and the formation is the fundamental unit of stratigraphy. Formations may be combined into groups of strata or divided into members. Members differ from formations in that they need not be mappable at the same scale as formations, though they must be lithologically distinctive where present.

The definition and recognition of formations allow geologists to correlate geologic strata across wide distances between outcrops and exposures of rock strata. Formations were at first described as the essential geologic time markers, based on their relative ages and the law of superposition. The divisions of the geological time scale were described and put in chronological order by the geologists and stratigraphers of the 18th and 19th centuries.

Geologic formations can be usefully defined for sedimentary rock layers, low-grade metamorphic rocks, and volcanic rocks. Intrusive igneous rocks and highly metamorphosed rocks are generally not considered to be formations, but are described instead as lithodemes.

Other uses of the term
"Formation" is also used informally to describe the odd shapes (forms) that rocks acquire through erosional or depositional processes. Such a formation is abandoned when it is no longer affected by the geologic agent that produced it. Some well-known cave formations include stalactites and stalagmites.

title: Geological formation