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John Clarke (satirist)

John Morrison Clarke (29 July 1948 – 9 April 2017) was a New Zealand comedian, writer and satirist who lived and worked in Australia from the late 1970s. He was a highly regarded actor and writer whose work appeared on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) in both radio and television and also in print. He is principally known for his character Fred Dagg and his long-running collaboration with fellow satirist Bryan Dawe, which lasted from 1989 to his death in 2017, as well as for his success as a comic actor in Australian and New Zealand film and television.

Early life and career
Clarke was born on 29 July 1948 in Palmerston North, New Zealand, the son of Ted Clarke and Neva Clarke-McKenna. He moved to Wellington and attended Scots College before studying at Victoria University of Wellington between 1967 and 1970.

Clarke first became known during the mid to late 1970s for portraying a laconic farmer called Fred Dagg on stage, film and television. Gumboot and singlet-clad, Dagg had seven sons all named "Trev". Clarke also recorded a series of records and cassettes and published several books as Dagg. Over forty years after its release, the first Fred Dagg album, Fred Dagg's Greatest Hits (1976), remains one of New Zealand's biggest selling records. Some of his earliest appearances as Fred Dagg in the Australian media were on the ABC's The Science Show and Dagg later made regular radio appearances on 2JJ until the station moved to FM and was renamed 2JJJ in 1980. An LP of some 2JJ sketches, The Fred Dagg Tapes, was released in 1979. He relocated to Australia in 1976.

In 1984 Clarke was part of the Australian ABC TV series The Gillies Report, starring Max Gillies. Among the highlights of this satire were Clarke's straight-faced reports on the fictional sport of "farnarkeling" and the exploits of Australia's farnarkeling champion, Dave Sorenson.

In 1998, together with others, Clark developed the TV series The Games, a satirical series depicting the preparations for the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games''. ''

Films
In 1972, he made his first film appearance in The Adventures of Barry McKenzie, a film about an expatriate Australian in London. Although Clarke was only an extra, the film's makers, Bruce Beresford and Barry Humphries, instantly recognised his talent; "he was terribly funny and terribly real". In 1974 he wrote and appeared (as Ken) in Buck House, a New Zealand comedy TV series set in a student flat.

In 1982, he was nominated for an AFI award for co-writing the acclaimed Paul Cox film Lonely Hearts. He also co-wrote the mini-series Anzacs and provided the voice of Wal Footrot in the feature-length animated film, Footrot Flats: The Dog's Tale (1986), based on the comic strips by Murray Ball. Towards the end of the 1980s, he featured in a number of other films, and began to be known for his political satire.

During the 1980s and early 1990s, Clarke featured in several films, including Never Say Die, alongside New Zealand actor Temuera Morrison, Death in Brunswick, alongside another New Zealand actor, Sam Neill, and Blood Oath (released in some countries as Prisoners of the Sun).

Mock interviews
In 1987 or 1989 Clarke and collaborator Bryan Dawe introduced weekly satirical mock interviews to television, and these short pieces became a regular and popular segment of the Nine Network current affairs programme A Current Affair. These are described by Robert Phiddian & Jessica Milner as John Clarke's "most sustained comic attack on public mendacity."

Each segment addressed a topical issue, with Dawe acting as the interviewer, while Clarke assumed the persona of a politician or other figure, who typically tries to avoid directly answering any of Dawe's questions. Unusually for the genre, Clarke never attempted to directly mimic the voice, manner or appearance of his subject. This feature set the segments apart from the typical approach to this form of satire, including Clarke's earlier series The Gillies Report (1985–86).

The pair continued to do mock interviews for A Current Affair until 1997, satirising a range of figures including Paul Keating, Alexander Downer, George Bush, and Alan Bond. After a break, the pair reappeared on ABC TV's The 7.30 Report in a similar format. In 2013 the mock interviews became an eponymous program, Clarke and Dawe, which screened on ABC TV. The interviews were broadcast weekly on ABCTV and were made available online on both the ABC and on YouTube and for retail sale. This format of mock interviews was continued by John Bird and John Fortune on the British TV show Bremner, Bird and Fortune from 1999 onwards.

The interviews have been compiled into books and CD releases. Great Interviews of the Twentieth Century won the ARIA Award for Best Australian Comedy Album in 1991. The Annual Report won the same award in 1992 and Secret Men's Business was nominated in 1997.

Later career
Clarke had a commercial success in 1998, when he co-wrote (with Ross Stevenson) and starred (with Dawe and Gina Riley) in The Games, a mockumentary about the Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (SOCOG). In 2001, Billy Connolly starred in a film based on Clarke's screenplay The Man Who Sued God (re-written by Don Watson). In 2002 Clarke appeared in a villainous role in the movie Crackerjack and as a comedy club owner in the award-winning telemovie Roy Hollsdotter Live. After a quiet period, he re-emerged in 2004, adapting Melbourne author Shane Maloney's Murray Whelan series for film. This resulted in two films, Stiff and The Brush-Off, both starring David Wenham and Mick Molloy. Clarke directed Stiff himself and made a cameo appearance in The Brush-Off, which was directed by his old friend Sam Neill.

Clarke was the author of several books, notably two mock compilations of Australian poetry, and The Tournament, a book describing a fictional tennis tournament involving many philosophical and literary figures of the twentieth century.

During the 1980s, Clarke was an influential Board member of Film Victoria.

In 2004 he was the recipient of the Byron Kennedy Award, "for his works of sustained excellence and for the inspiration he presents to all of us in his roles as poet, playwright, actor, author, director and producer."

Clarke was patron of the Australian Poetry Centre, launched in June 2007, one of the forerunners of the national peak body for poets, Australian Poetry.

He was inducted into the Logies Hall of Fame in 2008. The Logie was presented to him by long-time collaborator and friend Bryan Dawe. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2017 his posthumous album, Clarke's Classics, won the award for Best Comedy Release in October of that year.

Death and legacy
On 9 April 2017, Clarke died of a heart attack while on a bushwalk up Mount Abrupt in the Grampians National Park, Victoria. Australian prime minister Malcolm Turnbull, leader of the opposition Bill Shorten, and New Zealand prime minister Bill English paid tribute to his role as a political satirist; Turnbull saying that "His satire served a noble purpose. It spoke truth to power. It made our democracy richer and stronger. It kept politicians on their toes."

Long-time collaborator Bryan Dawe said in an interview with The Sydney Morning Herald, "He'd never forget what was going on in your life", and paid tribute to their partnership; "The trick with John was he had these sparkling eyes. He was a mischief maker and his eyes went looking for mischief. You could see it and it would set you off. Neither of us could look at each other when we were doing the show." He added, "It was always about the audience. And now he's gone." Episodes of Clarke & Dawe were re-released online and interviews with the pair were repeated on ABC Radio in the wake of Clarke's death.

Clarke's work was presented on ABC radio and television over a period of nearly 30 years. In tribute to him and his work, the ABC repeated many pieces after his death, including his guest presentation for ABC Classic FM from October 2016 and the three-part documentary Sporting Nation, repeated on ABC television. ABC television also screened a program containing tributes from Dawe and other friends, politicians, colleagues and comedians entitled John Clarke: Thanks for Your Time. Comedian and fellow New Zealander Tony Martin delivered a tribute to Clarke at the 2017 Logie Awards.

Clarke and his works are the subject of an academic study in the journal Comedy Studies. The study was written and compiled by New Zealand film producer and writer Paul Horan in collaboration with film researcher and archivist Mark Hutchings.

The Fred Award, named after Clarke's character Fred Dagg, is the top award at the New Zealand International Comedy Festival and has been presented since 2006.

His daughter Lorin Clarke published the memoir Would that be funny? in 2023.

Filmography

 * The Adventures of Barry McKenzie (1972) – Expatriate
 * Buck House (1974) TV Series – Ken (1975) (also writer)
 * The Wonderful World of Fred Dagg (1975) TV Series – Fred Dagg (also writer)
 * Fred Dagg Live: A Bit of a Dagg (1976) (TV) – Fred Dagg (also writer)
 * Dagg Day Afternoon (1977) – Fred Dagg (also writer/director)
 * Wild Man (1977) – Dr. Frederick Z. Daggenheimer
 * Lonely Hearts (1982) – Alan (also writer)
 * The Gillies Report (1984) TV Series – Various including Farnarkeling Expert (also writer)
 * The Fast Lane (1985–1987) – Writer & creator (alongside Andrew Knight)
 * Man and Boy (1986) – Man asking directions (also writer/director)
 * A Matter of Convenience (1987) (TV) – Joe McGuiness
 * Footrot Flats: The Dog's Tale (1986) (voice) – Wal
 * Les Patterson Saves the World (1987) – Mike Rooke
 * Those Dear Departed (1987) – Insp. Jerry
 * Never Say Die (1988) – Car salesman
 * A Current Affair – Mock Interviews (1989–1997) (also writer)
 * Blood Oath (1990) – Sheedy
 * Death in Brunswick (1991) – Dave
 * Stark (1993) (TV) – Magistrate
 * The Alive Tribe (1997) – Coach Smith
 * The Problem With Men (1997) TV Series – Himself (also writer)
 * The Games (1998) TV Series – John (1998–2000) (also writer/executive producer)
 * Crackerjack (2002) – Bernie Fowler
 * Roy Hollsdotter Live (2003) (TV) – Mike
 * Stiff (2004) (TV) – (writer/director/producer)
 * The Brush-Off (2004) (TV) – Ken Sproule (also writer/producer)
 * Kath & Kim (2004) – Paul Collins
 * Bro'Town (2006, 2009) (TV) guest
 * Snugglepot and Cuddlepie (2007) (Stage Musical) (Script writer/May Gibbs book adaptation)
 * A Month of Sundays (2015) – Phillip Lang
 * Sporting Nation (2016) – (writer/presenter)
 * The Ex-PM (2015–2017) TV Series – Henry

Books

 * Fred Dagg's Year (1975)
 * The Thoughts of chairman Fred (1976)
 * The Fred Dagg Careers Advisory Bureau (1978)
 * The Fred Dagg Scripts (1981)
 * Daggshead Revisited (1982)
 * The Complete Book of Australian Verse (1989)
 * A Complete Dagg (1989)
 * Great Interviews of the Twentieth Century (1990)
 * A Royal Commission into the Australian Economy (1991) (with Ross Stevenson)
 * More Great Interviews (1992). St Leonards, N.S.W., Allen and Unwin. ISBN 1-86373-268-3
 * The Even More Complete Book of Australian Verse (1994) ISBN 9781921922152
 * A Dagg at My Table: Selected Writings (1996)
 * Still the Two (1997)
 * The Games (1999) (with Ross Stevenson)
 * The Games II: Sharing the Blame (2000) (with Ross Stevenson) ISBN 9780733309595
 * The Tournament (2002) ISBN 9781921776786
 * The Howard Miracle (2003) ISBN 9781877008856
 * The 7.56 report (2006) ISBN 9781921776816
 * The Catastrophe Continues: Selected Interviews (2008) ISBN 9781921351938
 * Tinkering: The Complete Book of John Clarke (2017) ISBN 9781925603194

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. John Clarke has won three awards from four nominations.

 * 1991
 * Great Interviews of the 20th Century (with Bryan Dawe)
 * rowspan="4"| Best Comedy Release
 * Won
 * 1992
 * The Annual Report (with Bryan Dawe)
 * Won
 * 1997
 * Secret Men's Business (with Bryan Dawe)
 * Nominated
 * 2017
 * Clarke's Classics
 * Won
 * 2017
 * Clarke's Classics
 * Won
 * Won

title: John Clarke (satirist)


license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Blah01


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Talk:Pine Grove, Wasco County, Oregon

Multiple places named Pine Grove, Oregon
Because of the existence of multiple places in Oregon named Pine Grove, I have moved this article from Pine Grove, Oregon to Pine Grove, Wasco County, Oregon. Pine Grove, Oregon is now a disambig page. Kevyn 08:43, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pine Grove, Wasco County, Oregon


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Temuera Morrison

Temuera Derek Morrison (born 26 December 1960) is a New Zealand actor who first gained recognition in his home country for playing Dr. Hone Ropata on the soap opera Shortland Street. He garnered critical acclaim for his starring role as Jake "The Muss" Heke in the 1994 film Once Were Warriors and its 1999 sequel What Becomes of the Broken Hearted?

Outside of New Zealand, Morrison is best known for his work in the Star Wars multimedia franchise, playing the roles of Jango Fett as well as his many genetic clones, including the clone troopers and Jango's clone son Boba. He originated the role of Jango in the 2002 film Attack of the Clones. Morrison would go on to provide the voice of Boba Fett in the 2004 re-release of The Empire Strikes Back, various Star Wars video games, and he would portray Boba fully in the second season of The Mandalorian (2019–present) and the spin-off show The Book of Boba Fett (2021–2022). In 2022, he also had a recurring role in the black ops thriller series Echo 3. Morrison is also known for voicing Chief Tui, the father of the title character in Disney's Moana (2016), and for playing Arthur Curry's father Tom Curry in the DCEU films Aquaman (2018), The Flash and Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom (both in 2023).

Early life
Morrison was born on 26 December 1960 in the town of Rotorua, on the North Island of New Zealand. He is the son of Hana Morrison (née Stafford), and musician Laurie Morrison. He is Māori, of Te Arawa (Ngāti Whakaue) and Tainui (Ngāti Maniapoto, Ngāti Rarua) whakapapa, and also has Scottish and Irish ancestry. His sister was performer Taini Morrison and his uncle was musician Sir Howard Morrison. His secondary education took place at Wesley College, Auckland, and Western Heights High School, Rotorua.

Career
Morrison made his film debut in the 1973 film Rangi's Catch, playing the title character. He trained in drama under the New Zealand Special Performing Arts Training Scheme. One of his earliest starring roles was in the 1988 film Never Say Die, opposite Lisa Eilbacher. After this he played Dr. Hone Ropata on the television soap opera Shortland Street from 1992 to 1995; he was immortalised when another character rebuked him with the line "You're not in Guatemala now, Dr. Ropata!"

In 1994, he received attention for his role as the violent and abusive Māori husband Jake "The Muss" Heke in Once Were Warriors, a film adaptation of Alan Duff's novel of the same name. The film became the most successful local title released in New Zealand, and sold to many countries overseas. The role won him international acclaim and he received the award for best male performance in a dramatic role at the 1994 New Zealand Film and Television Awards. He reprised the role in the sequel, What Becomes of the Broken Hearted?, for which he received the Best Actor award from the New Zealand Film Awards. Despite the acclaim he received for his performance, Morrison said in 2010 that he felt typecast by the role, to the point that it was "a millstone round my neck". In 1996 he co-starred with Pamela Anderson as Axel in the film Barb Wire.

He has appeared in supporting roles in Speed 2: Cruise Control (1997) and The Beautiful Country (2004). In 2005, Morrison became the host of the talk show The Tem Show on New Zealand television.

In the 1996 Queen's Birthday Honours, Morrison was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to drama.

He started writing an autobiography in 2009, which he hoped would inspire others to "reach for the stars".

He released his debut album, Tem, through Sony Music Entertainment NZ in late November 2014. The album consists of covers of songs that his father, and uncle Sir Howard Morrison, used to perform at local venues when he was growing up.

Star Wars
Morrison became widely known to audiences outside of New Zealand with his role as bounty hunter Jango Fett in the 2002 film Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones. Part of the film's plot involves an army of clones created with Jango's DNA; Morrison also provided the voice acting for the clones. He reappeared as a number of clones in Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, and re-recorded the lines of the character Boba Fett (Jango's clone "son") in the 2004 DVD re-releases of the original Star Wars trilogy, replacing the voice of Jason Wingreen.

Morrison has since portrayed Jango Fett and his clones in a number of Star Wars video games, all produced by LucasArts. He played the clone commando "Boss" in Star Wars: Republic Commando (2005), voiced all the troopers in Star Wars: Battlefront (2004), and voiced both Jango and Boba Fett in its sequel, Battlefront II (2005). Morrison reprised his role as Jango in Star Wars: Bounty Hunter (2002), a game centered around the character, and LEGO Star Wars: The Video Game (2005), along with his clones, but was uncredited in the latter. He also voiced Boba in the 2006 game Star Wars: Empire at War, and DICE's Star Wars Battlefront (2015) and Battlefront II (2017), the latter of which were produced by EA.

Morrison physically portrayed Boba Fett for the first time in the second season of The Mandalorian (2020). In the show, Morrison portrays an aged, weathered version of the character. Morrison's Fett has heavy scars on his face, and wears dark robes before reclaiming and restoring his armor. Morrison says that with the physically worn appearance, he adjusted his voice to be more gravelly, as if Boba's vocal cords were affected by his past traumas. With the role, Morrison was also able to bring a bit of his own Māori culture to Fett's portrayal. In an interview with The New York Times, he said that he "wanted to bring that kind of spirit and energy, which we call wairua, [to the role]" and used that influence in his on-screen fight scenes, both in the hand-to-hand combat and while wielding weapons.

In 2020, a spinoff of the hit series The Mandalorian was announced, titled The Book of Boba Fett. Morrison reprises his role as Boba Fett, following Fett's life after the events of the 1983 film Return of the Jedi. The series premiered on 29 December 2021.

In 2022, Morrison made a cameo appearance as a homeless veteran clone trooper in the Obi-Wan Kenobi TV series, and voiced Rex and other clones in an episode of Ahsoka.

Other roles
Morrison returned to Shortland Street for six weeks in June/July 2008 to reprise the role of Dr. Hone Ropata.

In 2008, Morrison also appeared on New Zealand skit comedy television show Pulp Sport, where he appeared in a sketch that made fun of him being cloned.

Morrison has appeared in several DC Comics-related films. In the 2011 film Green Lantern, he portrayed Abin Sur. In 2018 he played lighthouse keeper Tom Curry, the father of the title character, in Aquaman. Morrison reprised the role in The Flash, released in 2023, and Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom, which released in December 2023.

Personal life
Morrison lives in New Zealand, and divides his time between filming there, Australia, and the United States. He has an adult son from a relationship in the late-1980s with singer Kim Willoughby from the all-girl group When the Cat's Away; and a daughter with Peata Melbourne. Morrison's partner is Ashlee Howden-Sadlier, who is of Māori descent (specifically Tūhoe and Ngāti Porou descent).

title: Temuera Morrison


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Jānis Lūsis

Jānis Lūsis (19 May 1939 – 29 April 2020) was a Latvian track and field athlete who competed in javelin throw.

Biography
Lūsis trained at Daugava Voluntary Sports Society and later at Armed Forces sports society. He competed in four Summer Olympics for the USSR team, winning bronze in 1964 Olympics, gold in 1968 Olympics and silver in 1972 Olympics.

The javelin competition at the 1972 Games was the closest in Olympic history. Germany's Klaus Wolfermann had taken the lead from Lūsis in the fifth round with an Olympic Record throw of 90.48 meters. Then, in the sixth and final round, Lūsis let fly with a very long effort that measured at 90.46 meters - Wolfermann's two-centimeter margin was, at the time, the smallest unit of measurement used in javelin competitions.

, he remains the only Latvian to have won an all three classes of Olympic medals (gold, silver and bronze) over the span of his career. Lūsis set two world records in javelin throw, of 91.68 m in 1968 and of 93.80 m in 1972. He is also a 4-time European champion. In 1987 IAAF named him the greatest javelin thrower in history.

After Lūsis finished competing, he became an athletics coach. He was married to Elvīra Ozoliņa, the 1960 Olympic female champion in the javelin throw. Their son, Voldemārs Lūsis, is also a javelin thrower who competed in 2000 Summer Olympics and 2004 Summer Olympics.

During the 2009 Latvian Sportspersonality of the year award ceremony, Lūsis received the Lifetime Contribution to Sport award.

In 2014 he was inducted into IAAF Hall of Fame.

title: Jānis Lūsis


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Reinhardt Kristensen

Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen (born 1948) is a Danish invertebrate biologist, noted for the discovery of three new phyla of microscopic animals: the Loricifera in 1983, the Cycliophora in 1995, and the Micrognathozoa in 2000. He is also considered one of the world's leading experts on tardigrades. His recent field of work revolves mostly around arctic biology.

He is also known for documenting Dendrogramma, an invertebrate genus that was later classified as Siphonophorae of the family Rhodaliidae.

Loricifera
Kristensen collected the first members of the Loricifera phylum in Roscoff, France, in 1970, but did not describe it until 1983.

Cycliophora
Kristensen and Peter Funch described Symbion pandora, on the mouth-parts of Norwegian lobsters, in 1995; other species were later found on other types of lobsters.

Micrognathozoa
Kristensen described Limnognathia maerski, the first (and so far only) known species in the group, in a cold spring on Disko Island in 2000.

Selected publications

 * 🇦🇹; 🇦🇹 2009: Urnaloricus gadi nov. gen. et nov. sp. (Loricifera, Urnaloricidae nov. fam.), an aberrant Loricifera with a viviparous pedogenetic life cycle. Journal of morphology, 270(2): 129-153.
 * 🇦🇹 and 🇦🇹, 2001. A New Tanarctid Arthrotardigrade with Buoyant Bodies. Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. 240, issue 3-4: 425-439.
 * 🇦🇹, 1982. New Aberrant Eutardigrades from Homothermic Springs on Disko Island, West Greenland. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Tardigrada, August 3–6, 1980, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA: 203-220.
 * 🇦🇹 and 🇦🇹, 1984. A New Family of Arthrotardigrada (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) from the Atlantic Coast of Florida, U.S.A. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, vol. 103, no. 3: 295-311., Abstract

title: Reinhardt Kristensen


text:
Just One of the Guys

Just One of the Guys is a 1985 American teen comedy film directed by Lisa Gottlieb and co-written by Dennis Feldman and Jeff Franklin. It is a loose adaptation of William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. The film stars Joyce Hyser, Clayton Rohner, Billy Jacoby, Toni Hudson, and William Zabka.

In 2015, the film was ranked number 48 on Entertainment Weekly list of the "50 Best High School Movies".

Plot
Terri Griffith is an aspiring teenage journalist in Phoenix, Arizona, who feels that her teachers do not take her articles seriously because of her good looks. After failing to obtain her dream job as a newspaper intern, she concludes that it is because she is a girl.

With her parents out of town on a two-week Caribbean vacation, Terri decides to remedy the situation. She enrolls as a boy ("Terry") at a rival high school, her real identity known only to her sex-obsessed younger brother, Buddy, and her best friend, Denise. On her first day, she meets Rick Morehouse, a socially awkward transfer student whom she finds attractive. Trying to stay close to Rick, Terri helps him through an image makeover and encourages him to start talking to girls.

After many episodes in and out of school, including fending off a group of bullies led by bodybuilder Greg Tolan, dealing with her real college boyfriend Kevin, and being set up on a blind date with a potential new girlfriend named Sandy, Terri manages to be accepted as "one of the guys".

At the senior prom, a jealous Greg picks a fight with Rick, who ultimately trounces the bully in front of the entire class. When Terri's boyfriend shows up unexpectedly and discovers the ruse, Rick assumes that Terri's big secret was that "Terry" was gay. To prove otherwise, Terri opens her shirt and reveals her breasts to Rick. Although she admits to loving him, Rick rejects her, prompting a desperate Terri to kiss him in front of everyone. To placate the awestruck students, Rick derisively announces that Terri "has tits" before leaving the prom and Terri behind.

Heartbroken and humiliated, Terri retreats to her room and writes a long article on what it is like to be a girl in boys' clothing, detailing all of her experiences, both good and bad.

Terri returns to her own school. When her article is printed in the newspaper, she receives high praise and finally earns her dream job at the newspaper. Nevertheless, she still finds herself yearning for Rick, who has not spoken to her since the prom.

One day during the summer, Rick suddenly turns up after reading her article. Realizing their true feelings for each other, they reconcile and make plans for another date. They decide to go for a drive in Terri's car, but before Buddy can join them, an attractive blonde on a motorcycle rides up and beckons to him with a smile. Buddy then climbs onto the back of her motorcycle, and both couples happily part ways.

Production
Principal photography began on October 22, 1984, in Phoenix, Arizona, under the working title I Was a Teenage Boy. According to Lisa Gottlieb, she co-wrote six drafts of the screenplay with her writing partner Mitch Giannunzio, but they were denied writing credit by the producers.

Soundtrack

 * 1) "Just One of the Guys" by Shalamar – 3:55
 * 2) "Girls Got Something Boys Ain't Got" by Midnight Star – 3:56
 * 3) "Tonight You're Mine, Baby" by Ronnie Spector – 4:57
 * 4) "Prove It to You" by Dwight Twilley – 3:20
 * 5) "Jealous" by Berlin – 4:23
 * 6) "Way Down" by Billy Burnette – 3:34
 * 7) "Burning" by Brock/Davis – 4:20
 * 8) "Thrills" by Greg French – 3:15
 * 9) "Hard Way" by Brock/Davis – 4:48
 * 10) "Guy Talk" by Tom Scott – 2:29

The songs and music that were played in the film, not on the soundtrack.
 * 1) "Trouble" by Lindsey Buckingham
 * 2) "Down on the Street" by the Stooges
 * 3) "Turn Out Right" by Private Domain
 * 4) "Comb My Hair" by Johnny Lyon
 * 5) "Buns" by Bonedaddys
 * 6) "Gone Too Far" by Neurotica

Release
Just One of the Guys was released on April 26, 1985. Although the film was not terribly successful in theaters, it was in heavy rotation on HBO and Cinemax for several years thereafter (airing after Sherilynn Fenn had gained stardom on Twin Peaks in 1990), even though daytime airings required an edited version where the climactic reveal of Terri's breasts was replaced with a close-up of Joyce Hyser's face before cutting to Clayton Rohner's reaction shot.

Home media
The film was released on Blu-ray Disc under Sony Pictures on April 28, 2020. Special features include filmmaker and cast commentary and theatrical trailer.

Reception
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 57% based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 4.8/10. Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 57 based on 6 critics, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.

title: Just One of the Guys


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Monster: Living Off the Big Screen

Monster: Living Off the Big Screen is a 1997 book in which John Gregory Dunne recounts his experiences as a screenwriter in Hollywood. The book focuses on the process of drafting the screenplay for Up Close & Personal (1996), a movie starring Robert Redford and Michelle Pfeiffer. It details the meetings, writing, rewriting and all the other struggles in the way of creating a sellable screenplay. It also describes how a film that started being about Jessica Savitch ends up being a Star Is Born-type film, where one character is a "rising star", and the person she/he is in love with becomes a "falling star".

Critical reception
The Guardian called Monster "among the funniest, cruellest and most 'New York' takes on the fate of writers in the Hollywood system. Contemptuous of so much of what he saw, yet unwilling to detach himself from his own role in the process, which turned a dark, amoral tale of psychological disintegration into a feel-good vehicle for Robert Redford, Dunne wrote a classic."

title: Monster: Living Off the Big Screen


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God is dead

"God is dead" (Gott ist tot ; also known as the death of God) is a statement made by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. The first instance of this statement in Nietzsche's writings is in his 1882 The Gay Science, where it appears three times. The phrase also appears at the beginning of Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra.

The meaning of this statement is that since, as Nietzsche says, "the belief in the Christian God has become unbelievable", everything that was "built upon this faith, propped up by it, grown into it", including "the whole [...] European morality", is bound to "collapse". The time of the Enlightenment had transformed collective human knowledge to the point where many would question their beliefs. The framing of the construct suggests that God could exist, from an atheistic perspective, in the minds of men rather than in reality, and so widespread disbelief would equate to divine death.

Other philosophers had previously discussed the concept, including Philipp Mainländer and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. The phrase is also discussed in the Death of God theology.

Early usage
Discourses of a "death of God" in German culture appear as early as the 17th century and originally referred to Lutheran theories of atonement. The phrase "God is dead" appears in the hymn "Ein Trauriger Grabgesang" ("A mournful dirge") by Johann von Rist.

Before Nietzsche, the phrase 'Dieu est mort! ' ('God is dead') was written in Gérard de Nerval's 1854 poem "Le Christ aux oliviers" ("Christ at the olive trees"). The poem is an adaptation into a verse of a dream-vision that appears in Jean Paul's 1797 novel Siebenkäs under the chapter title of 'The Dead Christ Proclaims That There Is No God'. In an address he gave in 1987 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the literary scholar George Steiner claims that Nietzsche's formulation 'God is dead' is indebted to the aforementioned 'Dead Christ' dream-vision of Jean Paul, but he offers no concrete evidence that Nietzsche ever read Jean Paul.

The phrase is also found in a passage expressed by a narrator in Victor Hugo's 1862 novel Les Misérables:

"'God is dead, perhaps,' said Gerard de Nerval one day to the writer of these lines, confounding progress with God, and taking the interruption of movement for the death of Being."

Buddhist philosopher K. Satchidananda Murty wrote in 1973 that, coming across in a hymn of Martin Luther what Hegel described as "the cruel words", "the harsh utterance", namely, "God is dead", developed the theme of God's death according to whom, to one form of experience, God is dead. Murty continued that commenting on Kant's first Critique, Heinrich Heine who had purportedly influenced Nietzsche spoke of a dying God. Since Heine and Nietzsche the phrase Death of God became popular.

Hegel
Contemporary historians believe that 19th-century German idealist philosophers, especially those associated with Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, are responsible for removing the specifically Christian resonance of the phrase relating to the death of Jesus Christ and associating it with secular philosophical and sociological theories.

Although the statement and its meaning are attributed to Nietzsche, Hegel had discussed the concept of the death of God in his Phenomenology of Spirit, where he considers the death of God to "Not be seen as anything but an easily recognized part of the usual Christian cycle of redemption". Later on Hegel writes about the great pain of knowing that God is dead: "The pure concept, however, or infinity, as the abyss of nothingness in which all being sinks, must characterize the infinite pain, which previously was only in culture historically and as the feeling on which rests modern religion, the feeling that God Himself is dead, (the feeling which was uttered by Pascal, though only empirically, in his saying: Nature is such that it marks everywhere, both in and outside of man, a lost God), purely as a phase, but also as no more than just a phase, of the highest idea."

Hegel's student Richard Rothe, in his 1837 theological text Die Anfänge der christlichen Kirche und ihrer Verfassung, appears to be one of the first philosophers to associate the idea of a death of God with the sociological theory of secularization.

Stirner
German philosopher Max Stirner, whose influence on Nietzsche is debated, writes in his 1844 book The Ego and its Own that "the work of the Enlightenment, the vanquishing of God: they did not notice that man has killed God in order to become now - 'sole God on high.

Mainländer
Before Nietzsche, the concept was popularized in philosophy by the German philosopher Philipp Mainländer.

It was while reading Mainländer that Nietzsche explicitly writes to have parted ways with Schopenhauer. In Mainländer's more than 200 pages long criticism of Schopenhauer's metaphysics, he argues against one cosmic unity behind the world, and champions a real multiplicity of wills struggling with each other for existence. Yet, the interconnection and the unitary movement of the world, which are the reasons that lead philosophers to pantheism, are undeniable. They do indeed lead to a unity, but this may not be at the expense of a unity in the world that undermines the empirical reality of the world. It is therefore declared to be dead.

"Now we have the right to give this being the well-known name that always designates what no power of imagination, no flight of the boldest fantasy, no intently devout heart, no abstract thinking however profound, no enraptured and transported spirit has ever attained: God. But this basic unity is of the past; it no longer is. It has, by changing its being, totally and completely shattered itself. God has died and his death was the life of the world."

- Mainländer, Die Philosophie der Erlösung

Nietzsche
In The Gay Science, "God is dead" is first mentioned in "New Struggles":

"After Buddha was dead people showed his shadow for centuries afterwards in a cave, — an immense frightful shadow. God is dead: but as the human race is constituted, there will perhaps be caves for millenniums yet, in which people will show his shadow. — And we — we have still to overcome his shadow!"

Still in The Gay Science, the expression is stated through the voice of the "madman", in "The Madman", as follows: "God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him. How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers? What was holiest and mightiest of all that the world has yet owned has bled to death under our knives: who will wipe this blood off us? What water is there for us to clean ourselves? What festivals of atonement, what sacred games shall we have to invent? Is not the greatness of this deed too great for us? Must we ourselves not become gods simply to appear worthy of it?"

- Nietzsche, The Gay Science, Section 125

In the madman passage, the madman is described as running through a marketplace shouting, "I seek God! I seek God!" He arouses some amusement; no one takes him seriously. "Maybe he took an ocean voyage? Lost his way like a little child? Maybe he's afraid of us (non-believers) and is hiding?" – much laughter. Frustrated, the madman smashes his lantern on the ground, crying out that "God is dead, and we have killed him, you and I!". "But I have come too soon", he immediately realizes, as his detractors of a minute before stare in astonishment: people cannot yet see that they have killed God. He goes on to say:"This prodigious event is still on its way, still wandering; it has not yet reached the ears of men. Lightning and thunder require time, the light of the stars requires time, deeds, though done, still require time to be seen and heard. This deed is still more distant from them than the most distant stars – and yet they have done it themselves."

- Nietzsche, The Gay Science, Section 125

Lastly, "The Meaning of our Cheerfulness" section of The Gay Science discusses what "God is dead" means ("that the belief in the Christian God has become unworthy of belief"), and the consequences of this fact.

In Thus Spoke Zarathustra, at the end of the section 2 of Zarathustra's prologue, after beginning his allegorical journey, Zarathustra encounters an aged ascetic who expresses misanthropy and love of God (a "saint"). Nietzsche writes:

"[Zarathustra] saluted the saint and said "What should I have to give you! But let me go quickly that I take nothing from you!" And thus they parted from one another, the old man and Zarathustra, laughing as two boys laugh. But when Zarathustra was alone, he spoke thus to his heart: "Could it be possible! This old saint has not heard in his forest that God is dead!""

- Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra

What is more, Zarathustra later not only refers to the death of God but states: "Dead are all the Gods." It is not just one morality that has died, but all of them, to be replaced by the life of the Übermensch, the overman:

"'DEAD ARE ALL THE GODS: NOW DO WE DESIRE THE OVERMAN TO LIVE.'"

- Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Part I, Section XXII, 3

Explanations
Nietzsche recognized the crisis that this "Death of God" represented for existing moral assumptions in Europe as they existed within the context of traditional Christian belief. "When one gives up the Christian faith, one pulls the right to Christian morality out from under one's feet. This morality is by no means self-evident [...] By breaking one main concept out of Christianity, the faith in God, one breaks the whole: nothing necessary remains in one's hands."

Interpretation
Martin Heidegger understood this aspect of Nietzsche's philosophy by looking at it as the death of metaphysics. In his view, Nietzsche's words can only be understood as referring not to a particular theological or anthropological view but rather to the end of philosophy itself. Philosophy has, in Heidegger's words, reached its maximum potential as metaphysics and Nietzsche's words warn of its demise and the end of any metaphysical worldview. If metaphysics is dead, Heidegger warns, that is because from its inception that was its fate.

Death of God theology
Although theologians since Nietzsche had occasionally used the phrase "God is dead" to reflect increasing unbelief in God, the concept rose to prominence in theology in the late 1950s and 1960s, subsiding in the early 1970s, as the Death of God theology. The German-born theologian Paul Tillich, for instance, was influenced by the writings of Nietzsche, especially his phrase "God is dead".

title: God is dead


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Talk:Outer Plane

Disambiguation
Only use Planename (plane) if there is already another article called Planename. ··gracefool |☺ 11:37, 20 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Mechanus had this problem. I'm also going to finish off the Outer Planes pages so that we can maybe make one of those cool boxes like in History of the United States. — Shoecream 06:35, Feb 11, 2005 (UTC)

Template proposal
What do you think? I suggest we put one of these into every article about the outer planes and one to the main article. IMO it is more organized than the table with descriptions... Anthough the descriptions are useful, too. --Koveras 21:18, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

 * font size a bit small; fixed -shoecream 05:58, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

Looks great; however it needs to use wikisyntax instead of HTML. Add it to the bottom of all outer planes articles (keep the current table in this article). ··gracefool |☺ 02:40, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Sure. The only reason I used HTML syntax was that it was easier for me this way. --Koveras [[Image:Flag of Russia.svg|25px]] 12:23, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

This article only talks about the outer planes of the standard d&d cosmology not the FR cosmology or any others, so you can only really use that template for articles on outer planes from the standard cosmology. Not for example in the Barrens of Doom and Despair article. The problem is that this article details only the outer planes of the standard 'great wheel' cosmology. Other cosmologies with outer planes exist. Maybe this article should be renamed to 'standard dnd cosmology' or 'great wheel' or something. The article titled 'outer plane' should be a more general description of what an outer plane is. -Lewis 23:15, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

I changed the font-size attribute from pt (which is a big no-no for accessibility reasons) to %. ··gracefool |☺ 01:12, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

Focus of this artcile
Following on from what I was saying above, I think we should make this article more about outer planes in general than the specific ones of the standard cosmology. It would be useful to retain whats here already under a section, then add sections detailing the outer planes of other cosmologies (Forgotten realms, eberron etc.)

Additionally, I'm not so sure that the huge table of planes is necessary, since the information is contained within the separate articles themselves (or should be).

What are peoples feelings on this? If there are no objections I will start to make some of the described changes. --Lewis 13:42, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

 * hold it, that table of plains is not "huge", it takes up barely 1/3 of the screen width, and since it goes at the bottom of articles anyway I don't see how that's an issue. Also, I think this page should stay as the standard cosmology since I don't think anyone else really uses anything else. Feel free to start a page at Non-standard cosmologies in the Planescape campaign setting or words to that effect. -shoecream 21:46, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

 * sorry dude, i wasnt talking about the template, which i think is pretty good, but the table with plane/names/inhabitants that dominates most of the article. Also the statement that you dont think anyone else uses other cosmologies is just opinion, and i think for completeness it is worth mentioning the outer planes from other cosmologies. I dont think a separate article as you suggest would be appropriate; the kind of thing i was thinking of doing is drafted on my talk page, if you'd like to have a quick look, your opinion would be appreciated. -- Lewis 22:01, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

I think the concept of left and right as it pertains to the relativity of the two planes law and chaos, is extraditious and wp:synth. While many depictions may chose to place law on the left side of the page, the intent was never shown to claim it's subjective positioning. clearly extra planar realms were never considered to be tethered by relative positions to corporeal planes such as eberron. unless someone can find a verifiable citation to support the specific claim made in the section "standard d&d cosmology" reading "The Lawful planes (or Planes of Law) sit to the left, and the Chaotic planes (or Planes of Chaos) to the right." the statement should be amended to say "depictions usually display" before the rest of the quoted passage. as it stands, the quote could cause some confusion that was never intended. 107.77.207.96 (talk) 22:07, 2 October 2016 (UTC)

4th edition
due to the changes in cosmology with 4th eidtion does something need to be done to this article to update it to include the new cosmology as well the old? shadzar-talk 15:27, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Xoriat, the Realm of Madness
dont quote me on this but I'm fairly ceertain I read somewhere that Xoriat, the Realm of Madness cannot be Coterminous as a group of druids locked it (or something). I know its mentioned in the City of Towers, but it isnt told in any great detail —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.177.189.225 (talk) 13:05, 3 April 2009 (UTC)

Real-World Information
As I noted in my change to the page, I deleted the section entitled "Alternative theories", as it seemed to detail real-life theories on other planes of existence, which has no relevance to the topic of a fictional cosmology. If there was some relevance to that section that I somehow missed, feel free to restore it. -- Dracomortis (talk) 03:30, 16 June 2009 (UTC)
 * It's actually poorly phrased in-universe information which was presented with insufficient context. It refers to fictionalized versions of real-world cultures within D&D, such as the cultures of Kara-Tur, Mulhorand, Unther and numerous prime worlds mentioned but not detailed in the Planescape setting. I've re-added the section and rewritten it for clarity, however I don't have access to any citeable sources. -- Gordon Ecker (talk) 08:56, 14 November 2009 (UTC)

Secondary source
As this article is lacking in secondary sources: has quite a bit to say about the Outer Planes. Daranios (talk) 18:06, 1 February 2020 (UTC)

This page was slated for deletion, but the existence of these sources prevented it:

 * Dread Trident: Tabletop Role-Playing Games and the Modern Fantastic (covers the Outer Planes and the history of its conception quite extensively, and even supplied a needed citation in the Planes article)
 * Game Magic: A Designer's Guide to Magic Systems in Theory and Practice
 * Celtic Cosmology: Perspectives from Ireland and Scotland
 * Dangerous Games: What the Moral Panic over Role-Playing Games Says about Play, Religion, and Imagined Worlds
 * Jason Salavon: Brainstem Still Life (artist's work interpreted as a reaction explicitly to dnd cosmology)
 * 30 Years of Adventure: A Celebration of Dungeons & Dragons

Perhaps a 'progressive enhancement' of this article so to speak, over time, can use these sources.

Rendall (talk) 21:12, 30 January 2021 (UTC)

Baator
"Baator" points to a new article, which turns out to be a redirect to this same "Outer Plane" article. 213.93.223.201 (talk) 17:51, 12 February 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing that out. I merged some of the content from here just to give context to readers, but merging too much of it seemed like a bad idea. 8.37.179.254 (talk) 00:38, 13 February 2020 (UTC)

"Primus (Dungeons & Dragons)" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Primus (Dungeons &. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 June 11 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 07:23, 11 June 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Outer Plane


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Whistling Straits

Whistling Straits is one of two 36-hole links-style golf courses associated with Destination Kohler, a luxury golf resort owned and operated by the Kohler Company in Kohler, Wisconsin. The other course is Blackwolf Run, located in the Village of Kohler. The Whistling Straits complex is located north of Sheboygan, in the unincorporated community of Haven in the Town of Mosel in Sheboygan County. Whistling Straits is separated into two courses, the Straits Course and the Irish Course.

The courses at Whistling Straits (and Blackwolf Run) were designed by Pete and Alice Dye.

Straits Course
The Straits Course is the flagship course at Whistling Straits. As of 2012, it had a length of 7790 yd and a par of 72. It hosted the 2004 PGA Championship, the 2007 U.S. Senior Open, and the 2010 PGA Championship. The course hosted the PGA Championship for a third time in 2015 and the 2021 Ryder Cup was held on the course with the United States winning 19–9.

The Straits Course replicates the ancient seaside links courses of the United Kingdom and Ireland. Nestled along a two-mile (3 km) stretch of Lake Michigan shoreline, the course has eight holes hugging the lake, a flock of Scottish Blackface sheep, three stone bridges, and elevation changes of approximately 80 ft. It has vast rolling greens, deep pot bunkers, grass-topped dunes and winds that sweep in off the lake. Being a coastal links-style course, there are few large trees or woods on the course, which is open and exposed to wind and the elements.

Before the course was built, the property was an abandoned airfield called Camp Haven (1949–1959), with a stream running through the middle. Wisconsin Electric purchased the property in the 1970s and attempted to build the Haven Nuclear Power Plant on the property, but its construction was opposed by local residents and Wisconsin Power & Light (Sheboygan County's major electric utility), and the company never built the plant. It then sold the property to the Kohler Company in the early 1990s.

Kohler Company CEO Herbert Kohler hired the Dyes to be the course architects. During construction, the original landscape of the Straits Course was covered with about 800,000 cubic yards (610,000 m3) of dirt and sand.

Hiroshi Iwata holds the course record for the Straits Course with a 63 in the second round of the 2015 PGA Championship.

Irish Course
The second course at Whistling Straits is the Irish Course, an inland grass-and-dune layout. It is a par-72 course that features 7201 yd of golf from the longest tees, with a course rating of 75.6 and a slope rating of 146. Also designed by Pete Dye, it opened for play in 2000. The course record of 67 was shot by Mike Frechette in 2007 and then matched by Garret Buckley at the 2014 Whistling Straits Intercollegiate.

Straits Course
Previous course lengths for major championships:
 * 7514 yd – par 72, 2010 PGA Championship
 * 7514 yd – par 72, 2004 PGA Championship

title: Whistling Straits


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Paste (Unix)

paste is a Unix command line utility which is used to join files horizontally (parallel merging) by outputting lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines of each file specified, separated by tabs, to the standard output.

History
The original Bell Labs version was written by Gottfried W. R. Luderer. The version of  bundled in GNU coreutils was written by David M. Ihnat and David MacKenzie. The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities.

Usage
The paste utility is invoked with the following syntax:

paste [options] [file1 ..]

Description
Once invoked, paste will read all its file arguments. For each corresponding line, paste will append the contents of each file at that line to its output along with a tab. When it has completed its operation for the last file, paste will output a newline character and move on to the next line.

paste exits after all streams return end of file. The number of lines in the output stream will equal the number of lines in the input file with the largest number of lines. Missing values are represented by empty strings.

Though potentially useful, an option to have paste emit an alternate string for a missing field (such as "NA") is not standard.

A sequence of empty records at the bottom of a column of the output stream may or may not have been present in the input file corresponding to that column as explicit empty records, unless you know the input file supplied all rows explicitly (e.g. in the canonical case where all input files all do indeed have the same number of lines).

Options
The paste utility accepts the following options:

, which specifies a list of delimiters to be used instead of tabs for separating consecutive values on a single line. Each delimiter is used in turn; when the list has been exhausted, paste begins again at the first delimiter.

, which causes paste to append the data in serial rather than in parallel; that is, in a horizontal rather than vertical fashion.

Examples
For the following examples, assume that names.txt is a plain-text file that contains the following information:

Mark Smith Bobby Brown Sue Miller Jenny Igotit

and that numbers.txt is another plain-text file that contains the following information:

555-1234 555-9876 555-6743 867-5309

The following example shows the invocation of paste with names.txt and numbers.txt as well as the resulting output:

When invoked with the --serialize option (-s on BSD or older systems), the output of paste is adjusted such that the information is presented in a horizontal fashion:

Finally, the use of the --delimiters option (-d on BSD or older systems) is illustrated in the following example:

As an example usage of both, the paste command can be used to concatenate multiple consecutive lines into a single row:

title: Paste (Unix)


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Underoath

Underoath (styled as Underøath or UnderOath) is an American  rock band from Tampa, Florida. It was founded by lead vocalist Dallas Taylor and guitarist Luke Morton in 1997 in Ocala, Florida; subsequently, its additional members were from Tampa,  including drummer, clean vocalist and last remaining original member Aaron Gillespie. The band's current lineup consists of Gillespie, keyboardist Christopher Dudley, lead guitarist Timothy McTague, bassist Grant Brandell, and lead vocalist Spencer Chamberlain. Originally, the band identified as a Christian group; they have since distanced themselves from Christianity.

The band's lineup shifted frequently during its early years. Taylor recorded Act of Depression, Cries of the Past, and The Changing of Times with the band and remained with the group until his departure in 2003; Chamberlain replaced him as lead vocalist, and the lineup has remained mostly stable since. The band then released They're Only Chasing Safety and Define the Great Line, and both earned gold certifications by the RIAA. These two albums remain their most commercially successful releases, and provided them with mainstream status; the latter of the two holds their highest Billboard 200 entry, peaking at no. 2. Following their sixth studio album, Lost in the Sound of Separation, which also reached a top-ten peak on the Billboard 200, Gillespie left the group and was replaced by former Norma Jean drummer Daniel Davison. Their seventh album, Ø (Disambiguation), was released in 2010; Chamberlain and McTague provided more prominent clean vocals in Gillespie's absence. On October 2, 2012, Underoath announced that they would be disbanding in 2013; they played their final show that January.

On August 17, 2015, the band announced they had reunited; in doing so, Gillespie returned to the lineup. After performing at A Day to Remember's Self Help Fest in 2016, Underoath announced their eighth studio album, Erase Me, would be released 2018. It was their first album in 8 years and their first in 10 years with Gillespie; the band also publicly abandoned their Christian musical approach starting with this record. The follow-up, Voyeurist, was released in January 2022.

Formation and Act of Depression (1997–2000)
On November 30, 1997, Underoath formed with Dallas Taylor and guitarist Luke Morton in Ocala, Florida. Morton devised the name Underoath "from somewhere in the Bible." Drummer Aaron Gillespie, who attended Morton's church, was then asked to play with them. Gillespie agreed, and the group recruited guitarist Corey Steger and bassist Octavio Fernandez; the band members were all in high school.

After a year of playing at festivals and touring the area around Florida, Underoath signed to Alabama's Takehold Records in 1999. Around this time Luke Morton had left the band without appearing on any of their formal recordings. They released their debut Act of Depression that July, and it sold over 2,000 copies.

Cries of the Past and The Changing of Times (2000–2003)
In 2000, keyboardist Christopher Dudley joined Underoath, and the five-song, forty-minute long record, Cries of the Past was released, quickly selling 3,000 copies. In 2001, Corey Steger left the band; he died in a car accident on March 17, 2021. Takehold Records was bought out by Seattle's Tooth & Nail Records and Underoath was subsequently signed to the label's subsidiary, Solid State Records. In January 2002, bassist Grant Brandell joined Underoath. The band then began working on their Solid State debut, The Changing of Times, with Cries of the Past producer James Paul Wisner. The album was released on February 26, 2002, and produced one single: "When the Sun Sleeps". Dallas Taylor explained that the lyrics on The Changing of Times were about "people playing with other people's emotions and how it can leave you bitter" and "struggling through life's hardships and trying to find God in all of it."

In 2003, Underoath supported the album's release with their first inclusion on Warped Tour, however their participation in the tour came to an end when Taylor (under controversial conditions) was asked to leave the band. Dudley explained at that time that Taylor could no longer tour with Underoath for various reasons and left on his own decision. Under speculation of a potential breakup, the band then went on a supporting tour with Atreyu in August 2003 with Matt Tarpey as the temporary lead vocalist, while at the time being a part of Winter Solstice. In October 2003, at the CMJ Fest in New York City, the band reappeared with Spencer Chamberlain, formerly of the band This Runs Through, as the new lead vocalist. Chamberlain had toured with Underoath when fronting his former band and at one time was roommates with Dudley; their previous friendship with Chamberlain was considered when making him lead vocalist. Gillespie explained that before Chamberlain had been in the band, the group members "didn't really get along", however, after Chamberlain joined "everything was just normal, we clicked". After Chamberlain became a permanent member, Underoath discussed the possibility of changing the name and becoming a new band. Ultimately, the members decided to remain as Underoath.

They're Only Chasing Safety (2004–2005)

After taking the end of 2003 off from touring to begin working on an album, the band scheduled time in February 2004 to begin recording.

During the early months of 2004, Underoath returned to the studio with Chamberlain as lead vocalist and producer James Paul Wisner. They're Only Chasing Safety was released on June 15, 2004, and proved to be a more commercial success for the band, going onto outsell the previous three albums combined. The album sold close to 100,000 copies in its first week of release and was certified gold by the end of 2005, selling more than 487,000 copies. With Gillespie being the only original member, They're Only Chasing Safety had been a vast change in sound and rhythm from what they performed earlier on. "Reinventing Your Exit" and "It's Dangerous Business Walking out Your Front Door" were released as the album's two singles and both songs spawned music videos that received frequent airplay on MTV2 and Fuse.

In March 2005, Underoath participated in the inaugural Taste of Chaos tour, and shortly after, embarked on their first headlining tour. The band premiered two brand-new songs during the length of the tour. They played a part of the Warped Tour, but declined to perform for the entirety of the tour in order to take time to record another album. Underoath made their first covers of national magazines appearing on CCM Magazine in July 2005 and then Alternative Press in September, and in October, They're Only Chasing Safety was re-released in a two-disc set with four formerly unreleased songs. Also included was re-mastered album artwork by Jacob Bannon of Converge, and a DVD with over two hours of footage of the band touring in support of the album. As of 2005, They're Only Chasing Safety has sold more than 218,000 copies, with the re-release selling an additional 279,000 copies, making a combined sales of more than 500,000 copies in the US alone.

Define the Great Line (2006–2007)
The title for their fifth album, Define the Great Line is presented upon the theory of an individual having "to find that line and that way to live your life." The band had been writing for the album two weeks after the release of They're Only Chasing Safety. Matt Goldman, who produced albums for Copeland and Norma Jean, and Adam Dutkiewicz, guitarist for Killswitch Engage, enlisted as producers. Chamberlain noted that the vocals for the album would sound less like an imitation of former vocalist Taylor, but more like the vocals of Chamberlain's former band. The lyrics were also meaningful to Chamberlain because they had been written about "things that have molded him into who he is today".

An unfinished version of the album was leaked onto BitTorrent websites and P2P services months before the release date. Drummer Aaron Gillespie, during the short time after the recording of Define the Great Line, recorded the debut album for his side-project The Almost, which was produced by Seattle producer Aaron Sprinkle and was released April 3, 2007. In April 2006, the band had been courted by several major record labels, instead re-signing with Tooth & Nail Records because they felt that major labels "don't get heavy bands" and "we don't really agree with a lot of the business practices major labels employ sometimes." On April 21, Underoath flew to Sweden to work with Popcore Films, to create music videos for "In Regards to Myself" and "Writing on the Walls"; the latter was chosen as the lead single for the album and was later nominated for the 2007 Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video. Dudley commented that the videos were "high-energy videos and more intricate than any video we've ever done."

Released on June 20, 2006, Define the Great Line sold 98,000 copies in its first week and debuted on the Billboard 200 Chart at No. 2, the highest debut for a Christian album since 1997. With the debut of Define the Great Line, Underoath simultaneously released a special edition version of the album featuring special artwork and a DVD that includes another behind-the-scenes movie and a "making of" video. Define the Great Line was certified Gold by the RIAA on November 11, 2006, representing 500,000 shipped units of the album. The album was also released on vinyl however, this edition was limited to only 3,000 copies.

The band was scheduled to spend June and July 2006 on the main stage of the Warped Tour, but on July 28, 2006, it was announced that Underoath was dropping off the remaining dates of the tour. A statement from the band stated that the members "felt it necessary to take some immediate time to focus on our friendship, as that's more important than risking it for the sake of touring at this time." In an Alternative Press cover story on Underoath, Michael "Fat Mike" Burkett told the magazine that Chamberlain had confided in him that Underoath's band members had been "having a lot of arguments over their religious beliefs." Burkett admitted to Punknews.org that he had poked fun at the band for their beliefs, but emphasized that he befriended Underoath's band members at the start of the tour and had a personal policy of not making jokes on-stage about anyone he was not friends with or did not like personally. It was also spread that the band's withdrawal from the tour was due to Chamberlain's rumored drug problems and time spent in rehabilitation, to which Gillespie responded, "If there was something serious going on like that and he was in rehab, we'd have to tell the press. But it's just not true." Underoath toured extensively throughout Europe, Australia and Asia in the late 2006, from February to April in 2007 toured with Taking Back Sunday and Armor for Sleep.

Underoath shot videos for the songs "You're Ever So Inviting" and "A Moment Suspended in Time" in February 2007; both videos have been released and "You're Ever So Inviting" won MTV's Battle of the Videos on May 23, 2007. Underoath performed a Canadian tour followed by the Taste of Chaos World Tour, and also played at the 2007 Cornerstone Festival. On July 17, 2007, Underoath released their 777 DVD to the US market. Underoath also played the Warped Tour 2007 from July 24 to August 9, and in August 2007, toured Australia and East Asia. During a tour with Maylene and the Sons of Disaster, Poison the Well, and Every Time I Die, Gillespie went through emergency surgery on an infection in his hand. Instead of cancelling shows, Underoath recruited Kenny Bozich, the drummer of Gillespie's band, The Almost. Underoath lead vocalist Spencer Chamberlain was featured on the cover of the Warped Tour 2008 Tour Compilation album.

Lost in the Sound of Separation (2008–2009)
During the September 2007 tour, Chamberlain stated various times that the band will release a new album in mid-2008. It was later confirmed that it would be released on September 2, 2008. Recording for the album began in March 2008 and ended in April 2008. McTague said that the album, Lost in the Sound of Separation, would be considerably heavier than Define the Great Line.

In October 2007, Underoath had begun filming their third person documentary Survive, Kaleidoscope. "The Audible Diversion Group", a small film team, shot footage of the band as they followed Underoath on their September tour and the entirety of the "We Believe in Dino-Tours". The film was shot in 720p high definition 16:9 widescreen format. Underoath released the Survive, Kaleidoscope live CD/DVD on May 27, 2008. The album opened at No. 81 on the Billboard 200. The band recorded the concert footage at a performance in Philadelphia at the Electric Factory in October 2007.

During mid-2008, Underoath joined the 30-city Rockstar Energy Mayhem Tour with bands such as Slipknot, Disturbed, Mastodon, and DragonForce. The tour began on July 9, 2008, and concluded in Buffalo, New York, on August 19, with Underoath headlining the tour's stop at the Hot Topic venue. After the release of Lost in the Sound of Separation on September 2, 2008, Underoath began headlining tour in support of the album, along with Saosin and The Devil Wears Prada, and in various markets, P.O.S, Person L, and The Famine.

In its first week, Lost in the Sound of Separation debuted at No. 8 on the Billboard 200 charts, selling around 56,000 copies in the US alone. In December 2008, Underoath won Best Hardcore/Screamo Artist at the Rock on Request Awards and embarked on their first South American Tour. The band played six concerts in Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Colombia, and played at Warped Tour 2009. On international tours in 2009, Underoath began writing pieces of new songs for their fifth studio release. The songs "Desperate Times, Desperate Measures" and "Too Bright to See, Too Loud to Hear" were released as the two singles from the album.

Departure of Aaron Gillespie and Ø (Disambiguation) (2010–2011)
During a late 2009 interview, guitarist Timothy McTague stated that the band had "just started writing songs that may be included on the next record", and that they are hoping to enter the studio late summer or early fall 2010. Underoath is set to release their live album Live at Koko exclusively to their UK audience via their UK merchandise site. On February 25, 2010, Underoath stated they were finishing writing their new album.

On April 5, 2010, the band announced the departure of their final founding member, drummer and vocalist, Aaron Gillespie. Aaron played his final show with the band in Milan, Italy, on April 6.

On May 10, 2010, through their official MySpace blog, Underoath announced that they will be entering the studio on May 24 to record their follow up to Lost in the Sound of Separation, which was aimed to be released later that year, with producers Matt Goldman (Lost in the Sound of Separation and Define the Great Line) and Jeremy SH Griffith. Following the departure of Gillespie, Underoath recruited ex-Norma Jean drummer Daniel Davison for the recording of their new album. Davison's first tour with the band was "The Cool Tour" featuring As I Lay Dying and Blessthefall. The band then announced that the new album, Ø (Disambiguation), will be released on November 9, 2010, through Tooth & Nail Records. On September 9, 2010, it was announced that Underoath had signed to Roadrunner Records for worldwide distribution outside of the US and Canada.

On September 14, 2010, the band held a listening party for Ø (Disambiguation) at Swinghouse Studios in Los Angeles. Danny Sugimoto of spitInthemud.com remarked that the album "feels darker and more chaotic than ones prior, yet with a tasteful sense of calm mixed within."

Underoath embarked on their headlining November tour on the 2nd of the month. On November 23, vocalist, Spencer Chamberlain began to suffer from foodborne disease. His position in Underoath was substituted by Tyler Smith of The Word Alive for the show scheduled that day.

On October 18, 2011, a compilation, Play Your Old Stuff, was released, containing three previously released albums: The Changing of Times, They're Only Chasing Safety and Define the Great Line, along with new artwork.

Anthology, breakup, and farewell tour (2012–2013)

On October 2, 2012, the band announced through their Twitter account that they would be disbanding in 2013. In addition, the band released a career-spanning compilation album, Anthology: 1999–2013 on November 6, 2012.

On October 9, 2012, they announced their farewell tour with mewithoutYou, As Cities Burn, and letlive. as opening acts.

On January 26, 2013, Underoath played their final show at Jannus Live in St. Petersburg, Florida. Aaron Gillespie also performed on the songs Emergency Broadcast :: The End is Near and Reinventing Your Exit.

Post-breakup activities, reunion, and tours (2015–2017)
In January 2015, the band launched a campaign to finalize production of documentary film about their farewell tour of 12 shows, posting two trailers on that subject to their YouTube channel.

In July 2015, Underoath began teasing the phrase "rebirth is coming" and an accompanying cryptic video across their social media accounts. The audio portion to the cryptic video, when played backwards, turned out to be the chorus for "It's Dangerous Business Walking Out Your Front Door" off the band's 2004 album They're Only Chasing Safety, and a countdown timer ending on August 24, 2015, later appeared on the band's website.

On August 17, 2015, the band's first show since disbanding in 2013 was announced, headlining the Self Help Fest in San Bernardino, California on March 19, 2016, along with A Day to Remember. In an interview article for Alternative Press, it was confirmed that the band was reuniting, including Gillespie's return to the lineup.

Erase Me and Voyeurist (2018–present)
Erase Me was released via Fearless Records on April 6, 2018. The band released "Rapture", the second single from the album, on March 19. The band kicked off with the No Fix tour in support of the album in late April 2018 with Dance Gavin Dance. The lead single of the album, "On My Teeth", received a Grammy nomination for Best Metal Performance; it lost to High on Fire's "Electric Messiah".

The band supported Korn and Alice in Chains during a mid-2019 tour.

On July 14, 2021, the band released "Damn Excuses", the lead single from their ninth album Voyeurist. The album will mark their first in nearly four years, their longest gap between albums without breaking up. It was originally intended for release in October 2021 but was pushed back by three months due to vinyl production delays. On August 4, 2021, the band released the second single from the album, "Hallelujah".

On September 22, 2021, the band released the third single "Pneumonia" and revealed it was written exactly one year prior to release. The single was also partly inspired by the passing of guitarist Tim McTague's father. Voyeurist was released on January 14, 2022.

On March 28, 2023, long-time rhythm guitarist James Smith announced that he had been "informed" he was no longer a member of Underoath.

Christianity
Underoath's members identified as Christian in their earlier years and stated during that time period that they were a Christian band. However, as vocalist Spencer Chamberlain explained in 2006, "[We are Christian but] in a different way. We're not like your average Christian band." He explains that Christianity is the "backbone of our lives, especially in the way that we handle certain things, but it's not so much the backbone of our lyrics. It's not like every song is a lesson from the Bible or something. It's just normal life struggles." Keyboardist Christopher Dudley stated that a majority of Underoath's audience is not Christian, nor are the bands with whom they would often tour. Though the band has been noted for "setting precedent in both Christian rock and beyond", only a portion of their albums are sold in the Christian marketplace. Chamberlain said, "I look at us as just another band in the secular market like with all these other hardcore bands and we just happen to be a Christian band that has different beliefs." However, in an interview with Alternative Press, Drummer Aaron Gillespie stated that "I'm definitely a Christian, but I don't think Underoath should be a 'Christian band'" The band has since openly distanced themselves from Christianity and organized religion.

Upon releasing their comeback single, "On My Teeth", from Erase Me, the band's first song to feature profanity in their entire career, the band updated their Spotify profile to read "The band who once openly—and without apology—professed their faith-based worldview onstage nightly, have since moved beyond the realm of seemingly impenetrable polemics. At various junctures, Erase Me illustrates those moments of sanctuary, anxiety, betrayal, and conflict that inevitably arise when humanity grapples with belief systems." In a 2018 interview, Spencer Chamberlain stated that, "my journey and my role in playing in a Christian band, I held a huge burden and I got burnt badly and was treated awfully. I'm not saying religion is wrong for everyone, but for me it was wrong. It ruined my life, turned me into a drug addict and people were awful to me the whole time. I never felt more alone in my life than when I was Christian."

Genre
Underoath have been labeled as metalcore, hardcore punk, post-hardcore, emo, screamo, and Christian metal.Genre Sources:

The band's style has changed over the years, as explained by AllMusic: "since their inception, Florida's Underoath have evolved from a run-of-the-mill Christian metalcore band into a fluid, dynamic, and energized rock group that adeptly blends emotive melody, charged punk rock rhythms, and a chunky, engaging bottom end." Jesus Freak Hideout also took notice of this, mentioning in a review that "Underoath's sound has evolved a lot — from metal to emocore to straight-up hardcore."
 * Metalcore:
 * Hardcore Punk:
 * Post-Hardcore:
 * Emo:
 * Screamo:
 * Christian Metal:
 * Post-Hardcore:
 * Emo:
 * Screamo:
 * Christian Metal:
 * Screamo:
 * Christian Metal:
 * Christian Metal:
 * Christian Metal:
 * Christian Metal:
 * Christian Metal:

As demonstrated on their first release, Act of Depression, Underoath initially played a combination of hardcore and metalcore mixed with black metal and death metal. The band kept a similar sound on their second album, Cries of the Past, featuring occasional traces of black metal, but the band later moved away from this style to embrace a more melodic-leaning post-hardcore sound. On the follow up release, Underoath stood "at the heavy metal crossroads on The Changing of Times, a hardcore album that parallels classic arena rock." The band experimented with electronic elements, with Casey Boland of Alternative Press noting that the album "was an Olympic pole vault-like leap forward for Underoath," and that the band was "welcoming the process of evolution." He also noted the addition of Aaron Gillespie's clean singing, which offered "a compelling counterpoint and presaged a swarm of bands adopting the sing-scream dichotomy that would become the hallmark of 'screamo.'" Cross Rhythms noted the growing popularity of the band, and described them as playing "an interesting mix of hardcore and indie rock, utilising loops, keyboards, acoustic guitars and melodic vocal harmonies, amongst the onslaught of heavy guitars and screeching hardcore vocals."

Underoath underwent an extreme overhaul preceding their fourth release, They're Only Chasing Safety, with Dallas Taylor and Octavio Fernandez leaving the band and Spencer Chamberlain taking over lead vocal duties. This marked a radical shift for Underoath, "as the band ditched its formerly metal leanings for the decidedly friendly confines of screamo," a change with ignited a debate over which was better, "old" or "new" Underoath. A review by Alex Henderson of AllMusic classifies the album under an alternative rock style which could be described as screamo, post-hardcore, or melodic hardcore, and which differed from full-out metalcore. In another review, Andrew Segal of Cross Rhythms described the album as nu metal, and said that, while on the heavier side of the rock scale, the album is well produced and "shows more signs of intelligence than the [nu-metal] genre is often credited with."

For their fifth album, Define the Great Line, Underoath abandoned the pop choruses of the previous album and instead demonstrated a heavier and more eclectic style, updating their sound with "weird" time changes and ambient post-metal passages. According to Sputnikmusic, while the album is basically a modern metalcore recording, it incorporated other influences including post-metal guitar leads on several tracks and ambient electronica on tracks such as "Salmarnir". AllMusic stated that the band found the "delicate middle ground between throat-shredding grindcore and My Chemical Romance/From Autumn to Ashes-style emo-punk," and Cross Rhythms described the album as "an impressively versatile project where metal riffs and emo breakdowns, screamo noise and memorable hooks collide in a veritable sonic feast."

Underoath's sixth album, Lost in the Sound of Separation, established Spencer Chamberlain as the band's frontman and saw the band incorporating some industrial elements. With the departure of the last original member of Underoath, Aaron Gillespie, the band underwent their "biggest shift in sound for the band in a long time." Ø (Disambiguation) featured a darker and more immersive approach than their previous albums, and used a heavy atmospheric and ambient sound and also utilized groove sections on some tracks. Erase Me, the band's comeback album, saw more of an emphasis on alternative rock.

Influences
Underoath's stated influences have included Refused, At the Drive-In, Jimmy Eat World, Radiohead and Isis, with guitarist Timothy McTague describing At the Drive-In in particular as "probably one of the biggest influences" on the band. With the departure of Dallas Taylor following The Changing of Times, an album that foreshadowed the changes to come for the band, the group's style took a new direction courtesy of new vocalist Spencer Chamberlain. Beginning with They're Only Chasing Safety, the writing dynamic changed in the band, as Chamberlain and drummer/vocalist Aaron Gillespie now wrote all the lyrics they sang. On Define the Great Line, Chamberlain noted that his vocals now sounded less like an imitation of Taylor and more like the vocals of his previous band, This Runs Through. Alternative Press wrote of the album, "[Chamberlain's] bellow [is] more carnal and guttural, [and] his high end more tuneful than whiny."

Band members
Current members
 * Aaron Gillespie – drums, clean vocals (1997–2010, 2015–present)
 * Christopher Dudley – keyboards, synthesizers, samplers, programming (2000–2013, 2015–present)
 * Timothy McTague – lead guitar, backing vocals (2001–2013, 2015–present)
 * Grant Brandell – bass (2002–2013, 2015–present)
 * Spencer Chamberlain – lead vocals (2003–2013, 2015–present)

Discography
Studio albums
 * Act of Depression (1999)
 * Cries of the Past (2000)
 * The Changing of Times (2002)
 * They're Only Chasing Safety (2004)
 * Define the Great Line (2006)
 * Lost in the Sound of Separation (2008)
 * Ø (Disambiguation) (2010)
 * Erase Me (2018)
 * Voyeurist (2022)

title: Underoath


text:
Bogside Artists

The Bogside Artists are a trio of mural painters from Derry, Northern Ireland, consisting of brothers Tom and William Kelly, and Kevin Hasson (b. 8 January 1958). Their most famous work, a series of outdoor murals called the People's Gallery, is located in the Bogside neighbourhood of Derry and depicts the events surrounding sectarian violence and civil rights protests in Northern Ireland during the Troubles.

Career
The Bogside Artists first began working together in 1993 to document the events surrounding the Northern Ireland Troubles. With supplies donated from local residents, they painted several murals on the walls of buildings in Rossville Street, commemorating the Northern Ireland civil rights movement, the Battle of the Bogside, and Bloody Sunday in which British Army paratroopers opened fire on marches; 13 civilians were killed on the day and one subsequently.

From 1994 to 2008, they painted a total of twelve murals in the Bogside, which they collectively named The People's Gallery. The People's Gallery spans the entire length of Rossville Street, which runs through the centre of the Bogside. It is a unique visual display – an entire street devoted to the history of over three decades of political conflict in the province as it affected the city. It occupies no fewer than four pages in the Lonely Planet guide (2012). The gallery has never been promoted either by the local council or by any other body including the tour bodies or arts bodies, many of which are run by Sinn Féin. The gallery was officially inaugurated in August 2007 and an additional mural dedicated to Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and retired leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, John Hume, was completed in 2008.

The Bogside Artists have exhibited their work widely in various cities, including Boston, Sydney, Brisbane, Chicago, London and Washington, D.C. They have painted a number of other works, most notably a mural of Martin Luther King Jr. in Washington D.C. In September 2011 they painted a mural for the town of Vordernberg Austria on the controversial theme of the New World Order. More recently they completed a mural for Europe's City of Culture Maribor, Slovenia that was unveiled by the Dalai Lama. They see their work as humanitarian and human as "men speaking to men" ( Tom Kelly, spokesman) and have little time or interest in contemporary art. "All real art is contemporary as it has its origins in the truthful state of mind which is timeless". On their website one will find their manifesto.

Art and peacebuilding
The Bogside Artists design the murals of The People’s Gallery are not as "political propaganda, declarations of identity, or territorial markers." The murals of the Bogside Artists are supposed to make its audiences "think about the past and process painful memories" and "enable and facilitate cross-community conversation around shared experiences seen from different perspectives and contexts." They hope that this will foster mutual understanding, reconciliation and the building of peace.

In addition to their work as muralists, the Bogside Artists also conducted numerous art workshops throughout the years with local Catholic and Protestant children to promote cross-community understanding.

They were also featured in many documentaries What You See Is What You Get and Window on the West, etc.

Controversy
In November 2005, Walter Momper, president of the Berlin State Parliament, cancelled a planned exhibition of the Bogside murals in the parliament building. He criticised the artists for their "partiality" in only representing one side of the conflicts in Northern Ireland. The artists stated that the murals are intended to be "a human document" rather than a political or sectarian statement.

title: Bogside Artists


text:
Pine Grove, Pennsylvania

Pine Grove, Pennsylvania may refer to more than one place:

 * Pine Grove, Cambria County, Pennsylvania
 * Pine Grove, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania
 * Pine Grove, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
 * Pine Grove, Perry County, Pennsylvania
 * Pine Grove, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
 * Pine Grove, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
 * Pine Grove, Venango County, Pennsylvania
 * Pine Grove Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
 * Pine Grove Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania

Pine Grove (condado de Schuylkill, Pensilvania)

title: Pine Grove, Pennsylvania


text:
Raybon Kan

Raybon Kan (born 1966) is a New Zealand comedian and newspaper columnist.

Early life and family
Kan's family moved to Wellington, New Zealand soon after his birth in Masterton. He began his education at St Mark's Church School. He showed an early flair for public performance which he continued at Wellington College and was School Council President and proxime accessit to dux. He attended Victoria University of Wellington's law school, and earned his LL B(Hons) and was admitted to the Bar. During his university days, he captained his team to second place in the World Universities Debating Championships, losing the final to the University of Oxford. While at Victoria University he won the Dominion Journalism Scholarship, and the Energy Law Research Scholarship. His article on energy law was published in the New Zealand Law Journal.

Career
Kan first came to media prominence writing television reviews for The Dominion newspaper in Wellington and performed stand-up comedy on stage and on television. His television work included regular appearances on comedy sketch shows.

Kan was named Best Comedian by Metro and North and South magazines on repeated occasions in New Zealand. He has performed at the Melbourne Comedy Festival, (where The Age newspaper named him one of the festival's highlights,) the Montreal Comedy Festival (1998 and 2001) and the Edinburgh Fringe. He has also performed in Calgary, Toronto, Vancouver, Hong Kong, San Francisco, Los Angeles and Sydney. He was nominated for the inaugural Billy T Award in 1997.

His movie reviews featured in TV3's Nightline nightly news programme. His New Zealand TV appearances include "Pulp Comedy", "Laugh Festival Gala," "Before Stardom", "Look Who's Famous Now", Skitz, "Test the Nation" (which he won three times), "The Great New Zealand Spelling Bee", Inside New Zealand, a documentary in which he trained for two months to be a casino croupier; and a profile in TV's 60 Minutes. In Australia he performed on "Hey Hey It's Saturday" and was interviewed by Bert Newton.

Kan wrote Five Days in Las Vegas in the early 1990s about his travels to the United States where he appeared on Wheel of Fortune. Another travel-based book America on Five Bullets a Day was published in 1998 and featured his love of tennis. A collection of his short writings was published by Penguin in 2004 as An Asian at My Table. For many years he continued to write a column in The Sunday Star Times.

He has film roles in each of "I'll Make You Happy" (directed by Athina Tsoulis), Tongan Ninja (directed by Jason Stutter), and Spooked (directed by Geoff Murphy). In November 2004, he became the TV commercial spokesman for the Freedom Air airline in New Zealand.

For a time, Kan was based in the United Kingdom, and in 2009 he performed his stand-up show 'Spermbank Millionaire' at the Edinburgh Fringe. The film he starred in, and co-wrote with Jason Stutter, Diagnosis: Death, was also released in 2009.

Personal life
Kan has returned to New Zealand. He continues to provide commentary on social issues in print media, and is a guest speaker for events. He is of Chinese heritage and has commented on how racist attitudes affect people of Asian appearance in New Zealand. In 2008, Kan was awarded a Bravo award by the New Zealand Skeptics for his column "I see dud people," wherein he stated "I don’t want to get in the way of entertainers earning a crust, but it’s scummy to pretend to communicate with the dead to take advantage of grieving relatives."

title: Raybon Kan


text:
Talk:Bogside Artists

Untitled
Er this is an article in urgent need of some NPOV Sjc 09:01, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Removing link for William Kelly as this links to a different artist, as far as I can make out. There has been an eleventh mural added this year, so I have changed to that. Subscript text

One more mural
Some time ago I added an image of a mural that is not here. See. --Óli Gneisti (talk) 00:30, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Just added it to the gallery. You'll need to supply the caption. --Wilson44691 (talk) 01:22, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Bogside Artists


text:
Talk:Inert gas

According to the article Neon, neon has a compound. Andres 09:01, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * As far as I understand, it hasn't yet been verified that Neon has any true compounds (see ), as opposed to Xenon, therefore it still qualifies as a true inert gas.--leandros 09:29, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

List?
A list of some non-elemental inert gases would be nice. I imagine CO2 and N2 would be top candidates, but are there more? --Roentgenium111 (talk) 22:11, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

 * CO2 is not inert. It can inhibit oxidation but reacts with moisture to form carbonic acid, which induces hypercapnia in animals. 60.231.232.99 (talk) 06:31, 10 August 2022 (UTC)

a list of all inert gases would be best. i'm looking for alternatives to argon for flushing a marine engine fuel rail, and this is the kind of thing i use Wiki for every day in my research. i know i can go to the periodic table, but i thought this page would have a simple list or at least a snapshot of the group VIII elements on the table. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1003:B010:C393:6043:CBE4:25CF:929E (talk) 17:18, 22 July 2019 (UTC)

Ammonia cracking
is not mentioned as a production method. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.86.155.166 (talk) 09:14, 25 August 2010 (UTC)

Opaque
If you come to this article for information you quickly come to this paragraph, which is unclear (to me) to say the least:

''Unlike noble gases, an inert gas is not necessarily elemental and is often a compound gas. Like the noble gases the tendency for non-reactivity is due to the valence, the outermost electron shell, being complete in all the inert gases. This is a tendency, not a rule, as noble gases and other "inert" gases can react to form compounds.''

I don't think this is to do with the subject being complicated, more a result of foggy writing. I don't know enough about the matter to rewrite it myself; but "Unlike noble gases, an inert gas ... " jars with me, as some noble gases can be inert. What is the significance of inert being in quote marks? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.6.73.150 (talk) 22:23, 11 February 2012 (UTC)

Vandalism
Somebody with a potty mouth has added garbage to the first paragraph. I'm no expert editor so I am asking someone who knows how to track hidden inserts into the text (which this seems to be - I don't see the potty text when trying to edit) to fix this little problem. Many regards, 67.222.229.171 (talk) 02:57, 17 December 2013 (UTC)

Inert gases
Inert gases 2409:4042:4D49:9BE:C01A:2E60:654F:1643 (talk) 15:29, 5 June 2022 (UTC)

Nitrogen
Nitrogen is not inert. http://www.uigi.com/nitrogen.html --Kitchen Knife (talk) 23:12, 11 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Inert gas