text:
Cultural depictions of Napoleon

Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, has become a worldwide cultural icon generally associated with tactical brilliance, ambition, and political power. His distinctive features and costume have made him a very recognisable figure in popular culture.

He has been portrayed in many works of fiction, his depiction varying greatly with the author's perception of the historical character. On the one hand, Napoleon has become a worldwide cultural icon who symbolises military genius and political power. For example, in the 1927 film Napoléon, young general Bonaparte is portrayed as a heroic visionary. On the other hand, he has often been reduced to a stock character and has frequently been depicted as a short and "petty tyrant", sometimes comically so.

Literature, theatre, and film
Napoleon plays an indirect yet utterly important part in Alexandre Dumas' novel The Count of Monte Cristo. The novel starts in 1815 with Napoleon exiled on the island of Elba. Here we learn that he hands a letter to the protagonist Edmond Dantès to give to one of his chief (fictional) supporters in Paris - Noirtier De Villefort, the president of a Bonapartist club. Dantès is unaware that Villefort is an agent of the exiled Emperor and that the letter Napoleon handed him contained instructions and plans about Napoleon's planned return to Paris. Dantès' rivals include Mr. Danglars, his long-time unspoken rival and shipmate, who first reports Dantès to the authorities as a Bonapartist, and Gérard De Villefort, the opportunistic son of Noirtier and staunch royalist, who, in order to protect his father from being outed as a Bonapartist, burns the letter and uses its former existence to frame Dantès and have him imprisoned in the Château d'If until his escape after 14 years and seeks vengeance upon those who wronged him.

Napoleon features prominently in the BBC Doctor Who Past Doctor Adventure World Game, in which the Second Doctor must avert a plot to change history so that Napoleon is victorious. In an alternate timeline created by the assassination of the Duke of Wellington prior to Waterloo, Napoleon is persuaded to march on to Russia after the victory at Waterloo, but he dies shortly afterwards, his empire having become so overextended that the various countries collapse back into the separate nations they were before, thus degenerating into a state of perpetual warfare. (This situation is made worse due to the intervention of the Doctor's old enemies the Players).

In 2013, Applied Mechanics produced Vainglorious, an epic, 26-actor immersive performance with Mary Tuomanen portraying Napoleon.

Depictions of Napoleon in literature include:
 * Stanley from A Streetcar Named Desire invokes the Napoleonic Code while speaking with Blanche.
 * The pig in Animal Farm who wrests control of Jones's farm from the other animals and becomes a tyrant is named Napoleon.
 * Julien Sorel from The Red and the Black by Stendhal has to hide a portrait of Napoleon.
 * Vengeance Is Mine (1899) by Andrew Balfour is a novel revolving around Napoleon's exploits during the Hundred Days and the Battle of Waterloo.
 * Moreton Hall's novel General George (1903) focuses on the Pichegru Conspiracy plot to assassinate Napoleon.
 * The Thunderer (1927) by L. Adams Beck (writing as "E. Barrington") is a historical novel revolving around the romance between Napoleon and Joséphine.
 * St Helena (1936) by R. C. Sherriff
 * So Great A Man (1937) by "David Pilgrim" (a pseudonym for John Palmer and Hilary St George Saunders) depicts Napoleon's life in the years 1808–1809.
 * In Thomas B. Costain's historical novel The Last Love (1963), a dying Napoleon, banished to St. Helena, tells his story to his lone companion, a girl who acts as his English translator.
 * Napoleon is an important character in Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace, where considerable space is devoted to Tolstoy's interpretation of his historical role. He consequently also appears in the adaptations and films of this novel, listed in the following section.
 * Napoleon appears briefly in the first section of Victor Hugo's Les Misérables, and is extensively referenced in later sections.
 * Noel B. Gerson's novel Emperor's Ladies (1959) focuses on Napoleon's marriage to Marie Louise of Austria.
 * Bernard Cornwell's novel Sharpe's Devil features a meeting between Napoleon and the fictional Richard Sharpe.
 * He is featured in the manga Eikou no Napoleon – Eroica, written by manga artist Riyoko Ikeda.
 * C. S. Forester's Hornblower series of novels are mostly set during the Napoleonic Wars, in particular book 9 of the series, Commodore Hornblower focusing on the French invasion of Russia and the subsequent defence of Riga from the period of 1812 onwards, and book 10 Lord Hornblower dealing with events in France up to the defeat of Napoleon by the Duke of Wellington at Waterloo.
 * Napoleon is a main character in Ruth McKenney's novel Mirage (1956), set during the campaign in Egypt.
 * Napoleon is one of the two main characters in Simon Scarrow's The Revolution Quartet, which details Napoleon's life from his birth to his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo alongside that of Arthur Wellesley's.
 * In an Archie comic story featuring Jughead Jones, he is inadvertently transported by ambulance to a mental hospital. At first he protests, but relents upon hearing how well the patients are fed. When a nurse asks for his name, he replies "Napoleon Bonaparte." A later update changed this to him saying "You know who I am, Sonic! I am the genius, Dr. Robotnik!"
 * H. Beam Piper's short story He Walked Around the Horses features a parallel universe in which both the American Revolution and the French Revolution were suppressed. Consequently, Napoleon does not rise to power and the Napoleonic Wars never take place. In 1809, he is described by a British general named Sir Arthur Wellesley as being a Colonel of Artillery in the French Army and a brilliant tactician whose loyalty to the French monarchy has never been questioned.
 * The collection If, or History Rewritten assembles numerous alternate history essays written in the first four decades of the 20th century. Napoleon has varying roles in many of them.
 * Elvira Woodruff's Dear Napoleon, I Know You're Dead, But... (Holiday House, 1992), illus. Noah and Jess Woodruff  is a novel about a boy who writes letters to Napoleon.
 * Harry Turtledove's Alternate Generals anthology series have at least two stories based on the idea of Napoleon emigrating during the Reign of Terror. In volume 1's The Last Crusader by Bill Fawcett, he joined the Church and became a Cardinal in Rome; by the early 1810s he is a spiritual leader of the Allies who seek to overthrow the French Republic. In volume 2's Empire by William Sanders, he formed an independent Empire based in Louisiana; with his lieutenants Andrew Jackson and Davy Crockett he fights a valiant but doomed war against the British, vaguely analogous to the War of 1812.
 * Napoleon is a character in Treason's Tide by Robert Wilton, published in February 2013 by Corvus, an imprint of Atlantic Books; it is set during the summer of 1805. This novel was originally issued in June 2011 as The Emperor's Gold.
 * In the alternate history novel Napoleon in America (2014) by Shannon Selin, Napoleon escapes from St. Helena and winds up in the United States in 1821.
 * Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell by Susanna Clarke takes place partially during the Napoleonic Wars, and features Jonathan Strange fighting in Spain, and also plaguing Napoleon with nightmares. Lord Wellington also plays a large part in this novel.
 * Javier Sierra's novel La Pirámide Inmortal deals with an apocryphal story about Napoleon spending a whole night in the Great Pyramid of Giza.
 * Mary "Jacky" Faber, in the Bloody Jack series of novels, meets Napoleon in My Bonny Light Horseman, having infiltrated Napoleon's armies as a British spy.
 * Napoleon appears as a minor character in the Grimm novel The Icy Touch.
 * In The Queen's Fortune: A Novel of Desiree, Napoleon, and the Dynasty that Outlived the Empire (2020), by Allison Pataki, Napoleon plays a prominent role in the story of his first fiancée, Désirée Clary.
 * In Grandville (2009-2014) by Bryan Talbot, France won the Napoleonic Wars and invaded Britain, and the world is populated mostly by anthropomorphic animals. Britain eventually regains its independence after a long campaign of civil disobedience and anarchist bombings, the Bonaparte Dynasty rules the empire until Emperor Napoleon XII is killed by Detective Inspector Archibald LeBrock of Scotland Yard when he discovers the Emperor is part of a conspiracy to reconquer Britain in order to steal its oil.

In film:
 * The Furies: T.C. likens himself to Napoleon and keeps a bust of him in his office.
 * The Swan: Beatrix is mortified to find Napoleon's name on Nicolas's blackboard; he later proposes a toast to Napoleon.

Computer and video games

 * The campaigns of Napoleon have been depicted in the sixth installment of the Total War series, Napoleon: Total War. Players have a chance to follow Napoleon's Italian, Egyptian, or Russian campaigns.
 * Napoleon is featured in Assassin's Creed Unity as a supporting character. He also appears as the main antagonist in its downloadable content mission, Dead Kings.
 * Napoleon is a frequently used leader representing the French civilisation in the Civilization series.
 * Napoleon appears in Scribblenauts and its sequels as someone the player can summon.
 * The first expansion pack to Europa Universalis III, Napoleon's Ambition, bears his name and expands the game to cover his whole reign.
 * The game Mount & Blade: Warband features an expansion pack called Napoleonic Wars where the player can compete online as a soldier from one of many countries involved in the Napoleonic Wars.
 * Napoleon appears in the mobile game Fate/Grand Order as an Archer-class servant.
 * Napoleon is a real-time strategy game that was released in 2001 for the Game Boy Advance. It was one of the console's launch titles in Japan and only saw international release in France under the title L'Aigle de Guerre.
 * Napoleon appears in the mobile visual novel game Ikemen Vampire by Cybird as one of the dateable characters.
 * Napoleon appears in Psychonauts. In the game, he is portrayed as a figment of his descendant Fred's mind. He manifests within Fred's mind annoyed that Fred is a Bonaparte yet can't win a simple war game, and forces Fred to play until Raz helps him win.
 * Napoleon is featured in the 2018 role-playing game The Council as a supporting character.
 * Napoleon appears in the 2012 3DS game Rhythm Thief & the Emperor's Treasure as the overarching antagonist of the story.
 * Empoleon, a Pokémon introduced in the 2006 Nintendo DS game Pokémon Diamond and Pearl, is named after Napoleon in multiple languages.

Culinary

 * Beef Napoleon
 * Bigarreau Napoleon cherry
 * Bonaparte's Ribs, an early 19th-century English lollipop
 * Eggplant Napoleon
 * Napoléons
 * Seattle-based food brokerage and import firm The Napoleon Company

Film

 * The Battle of Waterloo (1913), played by Ernest Batley
 * Napoléon (1927), played by Albert Dieudonné
 * Napoleon at Saint Helena (1929), played by Werner Krauss
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1934), played by Paul Irving
 * Invitation to the Waltz (1935), played by Esme Percy
 * Hearts Divided (1936), played by Claude Rains
 * A Royal Divorce (1938), played by Pierre Blanchar
 * Conquest (1938), played by Charles Boyer
 * The Fire Devil (1940), played by Erich Ponto
 * The Young Mr. Pitt (1942), played by Herbert Lom
 * Kutuzov (1943), played by Semyon Mezhinsky
 * Kolberg (1945), played by Charles Schauten
 * Napoleone (1951), played by Renato Rascel
 * Scaramouche (1952), played by Aram Katcher (uncredited)
 * Désirée (1954), played by Marlon Brando. Laurence Olivier was impressed by Brando's interpretation of Napoleon, praising on The Dick Cavett Show that, "[It], I think, was immeasurably the best ever Napoleon [...] I have ever seen. Simply marvelous, simply because of his own particular quality of being so easy, so easily bringing a sense of genius to a character who was a genius."
 * Napoleon (1955), played by Daniel Gélin and Raymond Pellegrin
 * Napoleon Bunny-Part (1956): Napoleon (voiced by Mel Blanc) matches wits with Bugs Bunny.
 * War and Peace (1956), played by Herbert Lom
 * The Story of Mankind (1957), played by Dennis Hopper
 * Austerlitz (1960), played by Pierre Mondy
 * War and Peace (1968), played by Vladislav Strzhelchik
 * Waterloo (1970), played by Rod Steiger
 * Eagle in a Cage (1972), played by Kenneth Haigh
 * Love and Death (1975), played by James Tolkan
 * The Loves and Times of Scaramouche (1976), played by Aldo Maccione
 * Time Bandits (1981), played by Ian Holm
 * Adieu Bonaparte (1985), played by Patrice Chéreau
 * Napoleon and Josephine: A Love Story (1987), played by Armand Assante
 * Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), played by Terry Camilleri
 * The Emperor's New Clothes (2001), played by Ian Holm
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (2002), played by Alex Norton
 * Monsieur N. (2003), played by Philippe Torreton
 * Napoleon and Me (2006), played by Daniel Auteuil
 * Napoleon (2007), played by Tom Burke
 * Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian (2009), played by Alain Chabat
 * Minions (2015): one of the Minions' former masters was Napoleon.
 * Napoleon (2023), played by Joaquin Phoenix

Radio

 * His Father's Sword (BBC Regional Programme, 1937), portrayed by Terence De Marney
 * The Dynasts (three-part series) (BBC Home Service, 1943), portrayed by Malcolm Keen
 * The Dynasts (six-part series) (BBC Third Programme, 1951), portrayed by Robert Harris
 * The Adventures of the Scarlet Pimpernel: "The Vicomte De Villier is to be Executed" and "New Recruits are Needed by the League" (NBC, 1952–53), actor unknown at this time. He is also prominently mentioned in the episode "The Ghosts of Martin's Folly".
 * Children's Hour: "The House of the Pelican" (six-part serial) (BBC Home Service, 1954), portrayed by Robert Harris
 * England's Harrowing (two-part series) (BBC Third Programme, 1960), portrayed by Malcolm Keen
 * Animal Grab: "La Foire d'Empoigne" (BBC Third Programme, 1962), portrayed by Malcolm Keen
 * Napoleon in Love (BBC Radio 4, 1969), portrayed by Marius Goring
 * Five Morning Comedies: "Keep Your Hands Off My War" (BBC Radio 4, 1970), portrayed by Clive Swift
 * The Dynasts (seven-part series) (BBC Home Service, 1970), portrayed by Maurice Denham
 * St. Helena (BBC Radio 4, 1972), portrayed by Lee Montague
 * Midweek Theatre: "Eagle and Spider" (BBC Radio 4, 1973), portrayed by Cyril Shaps
 * The Day of Destiny (BBC Radio 4, 1974), portrayed by Barry Foster
 * Napoleon Aboard HMS Bellerophon (BBC Radio 4, 1975), portrayed by Cyril Shaps
 * Vanity Fair (ten-part serial) (BBC Radio 4, 1978), portrayed by Harold Kasket
 * The Man of Destiny (BBC Radio 4, 1981), portrayed by David Suchet
 * Thirty-Minute Theatre: "Shaggy Sokolov" (BBC Radio 3, 1984), portrayed by Michael Graham Cox
 * Betsy and Napoleon (BBC Radio 4, 2005), portrayed by Alex Jennings
 * Napoleon Rising (BBC Radio 3, 2012), portrayed by Toby Jones
 * Tsar - "Alexander I: Into the Woods" (BBC Radio 4, 2017), portrayed by Charlie Anson
 * Billy Ruffian (BBC Radio 4, 2018), portrayed by Adrian Scarborough

Television

 * Amoureuse Joséphine (France, 1974), played by Pierre Arditi
 * Bewitched: "Samantha's French Pastry", Uncle Arthur tries to conjure up a French pastry, but instead conjures up Napoleon, played by Henry Gibson.
 * Blackadder: Back & Forth (1999), played by Simon Russell Beale
 * Clone High: Napoleon is a recurring character; Abe Lincoln claims he has a Napoleon complex.
 * Dad's Army: "A Soldier's Farewell", a soldier (Arthur Lowe) dreams he is Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo.
 * DC's Legends of Tomorrow: Season 5, Episode 5 "A Head of her Time", Napoleon is played by Kazz Leskard.
 * Deadliest Warrior, Season 3: Napoleon squares off against George Washington.
 * Fairly OddBaby: Jorgen Von Strangle proposes the name "Napoléon" for Poof The Baby.
 * How the Brigadier Won His Medals (1954), played by Booth Colman
 * Histeria!: Napoleon is a recurring character who speaks like Hervé Villechaize.
 * I Dream of Jeannie: "My Master, Napoleon's Buddy", Jeannie sends Tony back in time to advise Napoleon (Aram Katcher), who suspects Tony of being a spy and plans to execute him.
 * Jack of All Trades: Napoléon is a recurring character played by (Verne Troyer).
 * Joséphine ou la comédie des ambitions (France, 1979), played by Daniel Mesguich
 * The Love Story of Napoleon (1953), played by James Mason
 * Napoléon (2000), documentary series narrated by David McCullough
 * Napoléon et l'Europe (France, 1991), played by Jean-François Stévenin
 * Napoléon: la Campagne de Russie (France, 2015), played by Marc Duret
 * Napoléon (2002), played by Christian Clavier
 * Napoléon & Joséphine: A Love Story (1987), played by Armand Assante
 * Napoleon and Love (UK, 1974), played by Ian Holm
 * Robot Chicken: "Napoléon Bonamite", the character is a cross between Bonaparte and Napoleon Dynamite.
 * Sharpe, "Sharpe's Waterloo": Sharpe glimpses Napoleon as he rides off in defeat. The actor who plays Napoleon is uncredited.
 * Succession, "Connor's Wedding": Logan tells Roman he and Kerry sent Connor letters written between Napoleon and Joséphine.
 * Time Squad, "Napoléon the Conquered": Napoleon is forced to take care of the house after Joséphine takes up fine arts.
 * War and Peace (UK, 1972), played by David Swift
 * War and Peace (France/Italy, 2007), played by Scali Delpeyrat
 * Horrible Histories (UK, 2009 - 2015), played by Jim Howick
 * War and Peace (UK, 2016), played by Mathieu Kassovitz
 * Yu-Gi-Oh! GX: Jéan-Louis Bonaparte is based on the cliché of Napoleon.

Geography

 * Many avenues, boulevards, bridges, monuments, and streets in Europe are named after Napoleon.
 * Bonaparte, Iowa
 * Fort Napoléon, les Saintes
 * Napoleon, Indiana
 * Napoleon, Michigan
 * Napoleon, Missouri
 * Napoleon, Ohio
 * Napoleonville, Louisiana
 * Route Napoléon

Hospitality

 * Hôtel Napoléon
 * Napoleon House, opened by Nicholas Girod as a plot to provide refuge for the exiled Napoleon
 * Restaurants throughout the world are named after Napoleon.

Military

 * Fort Napoléon des Saintes
 * Fort Napoleon, Ostend
 * French ship Napoléon
 * Napoléon-class ship of the line
 * Operation Napoleon/Saline

Music

 * During the Napoleonic Wars, a nursery rhyme warned children that Napoleon ravenously ate naughty people.
 * Napoleon was the topic of many sea shanties following his death, most notably the song "Boney was a Warrior."
 * Ludwig van Beethoven had originally conceived of dedicating his Third Symphony to Consul Napoleon Bonaparte. Beethoven admired the ideals of the French Revolution, and Napoleon as their embodiment. According to Beethoven's pupil, F. Ries, when Napoleon proclaimed himself Emperor in May 1804, Beethoven became disgusted and went to the table where the completed score lay. He took hold of the title-page and tore it up in rage.
 * The Ani DiFranco song "Napoleon" satirises the desire to continuously "conquer"; more specifically musicians who sign with big labels, thus employing "an army of suits" in order to "make a killing" rather than just "make a living".
 * The Bob Dylan song "On the Road Again" from his 1965 album Bringing It All Back Home references Napoleon: "Your mama she's hidin' inside the icebox/Your daddy walks in wearin' a Napoleon Bonaparte mask".
 * Another Bob Dylan song, "Like a Rolling Stone", from his seminal album Highway 61 Revisited references Napoleon: "You used to be so amused/At Napoleon in rags and the language that he used".
 * The Kinks song "Powerman" from their 1970 album Lola Versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One references Napoleon: "People tried to conquer the world; Napoleon and Genghis Khan, Hitler tried and Mussolini too".
 * The Bee Gees song "Walking Back to Waterloo" from their 1971 album Trafalgar references Napoleon: "I wish there was another year, another time/When people sang and poems rhymed/My name could be Napoleon".
 * Swedish Pop group ABBA won the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 with the song "Waterloo", which uses the battle as a metaphor for a person surrendering to love similar to how Napoleon "surrendered" [sic] at Waterloo.
 * The Al Stewart song "The Palace of Versailles", from his 1978 album Time Passages, is filled with references and allusions to the French Revolution. One line specifically references Napoleon: "Bonaparte is coming/With his army from the south".
 * The Charlie Sexton song "Impressed" references Napoleon and Joséphine (from Pictures for Pleasure).
 * The Mark Knopfler song "Done with Bonaparte" from his 1996 album Golden Heart is sung from the viewpoint of a soldier in Napoleon's army. The song recalls the soldier's many battles serving in Napoleon's Grande Armée.
 * The Tori Amos song "Josephine" from her 1999 album To Venus and Back is sung from the viewpoint of Napoleon during his unsuccessful invasion of Russia.
 * Iced Earth released the song "Waterloo" on their album The Glorious Burden, which details Napoleon's defeat at the Battle Of Waterloo.
 * Bright Eyes recorded a song called "Napoleon's Hat" for Lagniappe, an album released by Saddle Creek Records to raise funds for the Red Cross' Hurricane Katrina relief efforts.
 * The song "Viva la Vida" by Coldplay is loosely based on Napoleon's reign.
 * An episode of Epic Rap Battles of History is a rap battle between Napoleon Bonaparte and Napoleon Dynamite.
 * Bonaparte is the stage name of German-Swiss singer/producer Tobias Jundt.

Other

 * Automotive: Bugatti Royale Coupé Napoléon
 * Interior Design: Napoleon line of stoves, grills, fireplaces, and HVAC systems
 * Ornithology: Bonaparte's parakeet
 * Toys: Napoleonic toys

Napoleon's height
British propaganda of the time depicted Napoleon as of smaller than average height and the image of him as a small man persists in modern Britain. Napoleon's height was put at just over 5 pieds 2 pouces by three French sources (his valet Constant, General Gourgaud, and Francesco Antommarchi at Napoleon's autopsy) which, using the French measurements of the time, equals around 1.69m. Two English sources (Andrew Darling and John Foster) put his height at around 5 ft 7 ins, equivalent, on the Imperial scale, to 1.70m. This would have made him around average height for a Frenchman of the time. Nonetheless, some historians have claimed Napoleon would have been measured with a British measure at his autopsy, since he was under British control at St Helena, implying the 5 ft 2 ins is an Imperial measure, equal to about 1.58 meters. On the other hand, Francesco Antommarchi, Napoleon's personal physician, despised the English, considered their touch "polluting", and may never have used their yardstick to measure his emperor. Confusion has sometimes arisen because of different values for the French inch (pouce) of the time (2.7 cm) and for the Imperial inch (2.54 cm).; he has been cited as being from 1.57 m, which made him the height of the average French male at that time, and up to 1.7 m tall, which is above average for the period. Royal Navy Rear Admiral Frederick Lewis Maitland, who had daily contact with Napoleon on his ship for twenty-three days in 1815, states in his memoirs that he was about 1.7 m. Some historians believe that the reason for the mistake about his size at death came from use of an obsolete French yardstick. Napoleon was a champion of the metric system (introduced in France in 1799) and had no use for the old yardsticks. It is more likely that he was 1.57 m, the height he was measured at on St. Helena, since he would have most likely been measured with an English yardstick rather than a yardstick of the Old French Regime.

Napoleon's nickname of le petit caporal has added to the confusion, as some non-Francophones have mistakenly interpreted petit by its literal meaning of "small". In fact, it is an affectionate term reflecting on his camaraderie with ordinary soldiers. Napoleon also surrounded himself with the soldiers of his elite guard, required to be 1.83 m (6 ft) or taller, making him look smaller in comparison.

Napoleon's name has been lent to the Napoleon complex, a colloquial term describing an alleged type of inferiority complex which is said to affect some people who are physically short. The term is used more generally to describe people who are driven by a perceived handicap to overcompensate in other aspects of their lives.

The Napoleon Delusion
Napoleon Bonaparte is one of the most famous individuals in the Western world. As delusional patients sometimes believe themselves to be an important or grandiose figure (see delusion), a patient claiming to be Napoleon has been a common stereotype in popular culture for delusions of this nature.

 * In the 1922 film Mixed Nuts, Stan Laurel plays a book salesman whose only volume for sale is a biography of Napoleon. When the character receives a blow to the head, he comes to believe that he is Napoleon and is subsequently admitted to a mental institution.

This cliché has itself been parodied:
 * In the Bugs Bunny film Napoleon Bunny-Part, the actual Napoleon is dragged away by psychiatric attendants, who believe he is delusional.
 * The song "They're Coming to Take Me Away, Ha-Haaa!" was recorded by Jerry Samuels billed as Napoleon XIV. Some other versions of the song were made with lyrics referencing the Napoleon delusion (such as a Spanish version entitled "Soy Napoleon") or with the artist's name referencing a fictitious emperor.
 * In The Emperor's New Clothes, Ian Holm plays Napoleon who stumbles into the grounds of an asylum and finds himself surrounded by other "Napoleons" - he cannot reveal his identity for fear of being grouped with the deluded. Holm also played a less-than-serious Napoleon in the 1981 film Time Bandits.
 * The Discworld novel Making Money features a character who believes himself to be Lord Vetinari, imitating Vetinari's mannerisms and entertaining delusions of grandeur. It is later revealed that the local hospital has an entire ward for people with the same delusion, where they engage in competitions to determine who is the "real" Vetinari.
 * In an episode of cult 1960s British TV sci-fi show The Prisoner called "The Girl Who Was Death", which unusually for the series was a light-hearted comedy tale parodying the spy thriller genre, the villain Dr. Schnipps (Kenneth Griffith) believed that he was Napoleon and acted accordingly, at one point asking the protagonist Number Six (Patrick McGoohan), "You're not the Duke of Wellington, are you?"
 * In the first episode of season 2 of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles titled "Return of the Shredder" (1988), Scientist and Inventor, Baxter Stockman is seen in a jail cell with a man in Napoleonic garb spouting off dialogue in a French accent.
 * In an episode of Night Court, Judge Harry Stone (Harry Anderson) is placed in a jail cell along with a number of 'mentally disturbed' inmates all dressed as Napoleon. His court defence attorney (played by Markie Post) sees him and exclaims "Oh sir. They put you in with the little generals".
 * The award-winning video game Psychonauts features a mental patient, Fred Bonaparte, locked in an obsessive mind-game with his distant ancestor Napoleon, who is fighting for his mind.
 * In the Futurama episode "Insane in the Mainframe", Bender pretends to be a banjo-playing Napoleon in order to stay in a robot asylum.

title: Cultural depictions of Napoleon


text:
Talk:List of fictional spacecraft

Point of this Page?
I don't understand the point of this particular page. What possible use does a random list of spaceships from all kinds of fictional universes which have no interaction with each other have? I can understand the idea behind collecting information on various starships for a specific universe to provide additional information in the article focused on said universe (e.g. list Star Trek ships in a Star Trek article and so forth), but this page here seems rather useless.
 * I agree this page is just a list of hundreds of spaceships from a load of different series, why would anyone find this information useful, i can imagine a person looking up a series but why would anyone need a jumbled mess of spaceship names 68.106.217.181 (talk) 06:45, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
 * I also agree. It's not even as if it's even very thorough. (Seems very TV and film orientated too.) I could probably more than double the length of the list by picking random books off my shelf, but why? If it was done thoroughly it would be too big to be managable; if not, there's no point. The-Dixie-Flatline (talk) 04:44, 3 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I like this page very much. I think it has great potential. I do not think that the point should be to list ALL fictional spaceships. I like that the ships are all categorized by size and purpose. Please preserve the spaceship grouping on this page, by linking all spaceships to categories (IE. orbital, lunar, interplanetary, etc.)Ccubedd (talk) 01:38, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
 * Personal opionon on a page's relevance or usefulness is irrelevant in itself. Just because you don't like a page or see how it could be useful doesn't mean that nobody will. You have lost the whole point of Wikipedia, which is a source of information for everyone, not just you. Cheers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.129.23.146 (talk) 09:17, 22 February 2011 (UTC)

Comic Starships
Those obscure comic starships (what is gundam seed, after all) overdominate this page. Somebody should trim those down to the most important two or three and put the rest into an own section (as is done with the Star Trek ships).

Furthermore I'd like to remark that Gundam Seed is utterly obscure and doesn't capture a more general imagination the way Star Wars, Star Trek or some of the other mentioned ships do. I mean, what is next, deceptecons, or mighty morphin power rangers ? hero turtles ?

Last but not least, the gundam seed entries do describe ship classes not individual ships, and therefore do not fit into this article's theme. I'm leaving them alone right now, but somebody should do something about that, preferably the contributor of those entries. Wefa 01:47, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

The Gundam Seed ones could be moved to: Starship class

Organization
I'm trying to make this page a little more organized. I would have put them by size class, but that seemed too complicated so I went for "purpose" instead. Unfortunately, I don't know every single one of these works so for the time being, most of the ships sit in "Military & Exploration" right now (I put those two purposes together since things like Star Trek combine the two anyway).

I also took out the Star Wars stuff for now since it seemed redundant. I have nothing against Star Wars - it's just that those ships fit into different categories and I didn't know whether I should be separating them right now. Additionally, I took out any "types" of ships that were listed, since this is supposed to be "named" ships only (like I removed the White Stars from B5, since they are actually a whole type of ship, the only named one I ever saw was Maria (White Star 27) in season 5). - Lampbane

 * I agree with the cleanup, although I have restored three entries that definitely warrant inclusion here. The Enterprise needs an entry here given that it has been a part of the sci-fi world for four decades. Trek's Voyager is the namesake for a series, and the Millennium Falcon is an icon of the Star Wars films. --Ckatz chat spy  05:54, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I also agree with the decision, yet on that note, shouldn't the list then include the Death Stars 1 & 2? And what of Slave 1, Boba Fett's ship?

 * Should we get this on a vote? And/or should we list them better - with links to the lists of SW/ST ships?
 * ~ender 2008-01-13 12:10:PM MST

Videogames
What's the stance on famous video-game ships? I'd like to see the High Charity, the Autumn, and In Amber Clad from the Halo series listed here. -Westerly
 * There's videogame stuff in here already, from Wing Commander. - Lampbane
 * For Starcraft, you could include the Nagglfar, Sarengo, Reagan and Argo; they were the four original ships that brought the Terran to the sector.
 * How about the Von Braun and the Rickenbacker from System Shock 2? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.201.1.85 (talk) 15:28, August 27, 2007 (UTC)
 * I have no problem with this, as they are "fictional spacecrafts".Ccubedd (talk) 01:41, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

The Transformers
Forgot Nemesis, The Ark, Darkside and Axalon. Shame. Oh, and Omega Delta (Autobot shuttle that crashed into bridge of Nemesis at the end of Beast Wars).

Stasis pods sounds like a good idea too.

Comics
While his character isn't originally a spaceship, Ultimate Galactus is actually represented by a fleet of spaceships collectively known as Gah Lak Tus.

First Ark to Alpha Centauri by A. Ahad
Article needs to include the first human colony ark to New Earth, an as yet undiscovered planet of Alpha Centauri B depicted in A. Ahad's famous novel series First Ark to Alpha Centauri (2005):

Sitara12 22:18, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Removed Star Wars/Star Trek listings
I'm not sure these made it to the appropriate lists, but they weren't suppossed to be on this list:

 * Millennium Falcon - Star Wars
 * USS Enterprise, various incarnations - Star Trek
 * Phoenix - Zefram Cochane's X-warpship - Star Trek
 * SS Botany Bay - hi-jacked 20st century sleeper ship - Star Trek episode "Space Seed"

~ender 2008-01-13 12:10:PM MST

Merge proposal
The newly created Fictional spacecraft article is a content fork that largely duplicates content from here. To avoid such duplication and facilitate article maintenance, I propose that it be merged back to here. --Lambiam 17:20, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I fully agree with the suggested merger, although i would like to see the introduction of that page be added to this one as it offers a far more detailed explanation of what a "Fictional spacecraft" is. BritishWatcher (talk) 17:35, 4 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I also agree. There isn't all that much difference between "spacecraft" and "spaceship", so why try to make things difficult? Crablogger (talk) 16:39, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, that seems very reasonable. There's no clear distinction between the two, and no obvious reason why they should be separate topics. HolisticReality (talk) 15:20, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

 * No. That's wrong. That isn't a list, it's scoped to be a proper encyclopedia article. It's supposed to talk about how different fictional spacecraft compare and contrast, talk about historically significant (in terms of real life, not in-universe) fictional spacecraft etc. etc. The other article is just a list.- (User) Wolfkeeper (Talk) 22:16, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

 * both currently are just a list of fictional spacecraft. An explanation of what each type of ship(lunar / orbital) followed by the list of ships would be good enough. BritishWatcher (talk) 23:14, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

 * While 'fictional spacecraft' should be a stand-alone article, its just a list, and severely lacking. I think it needs some refining and merging with space opera. I think both articles need to go under the care of WikiProject Science Fiction. Colonel Marksman (talk) 08:09, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

 * I merged it. If anyone thinks there is scope for a separate article then by all means draft it somewhere outside article space, e.g. as a user subpage, and invite comments here or at WikiProject SF. - Fayenatic (talk) 13:30, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

Mass Deletion on 27 Nov 2008
On 27 Nov 2008, Duffbeerforme made this edit which reduced the number of spaceships listed on this page from well over a hundred to just a handful (I haven't counted exactly). I am aware that there was a proposal for deletion (which reached no consensus), but this edit does not, as far as I can see, have any "official" sanction.

The description that Duffbeerforme supplied for this edit was "rem all without own article. WP:SAL", implying that he/she has removed all entries that don't have their own dedicated page. I would argue, however, that this edit is far too draconian - as a minimum, it should have retained all entries that have their own section on another page. I am aware of the SAL guidelines, but they are guidelines, not rules, and I would claim that any spaceship significant enough to have its own section in any Wikipedia article is notable enough to be listed here.

The entries removed by Duffbeerforme include:
 * Thunderbird 3 - Supermarionation series Thunderbirds (TV series)
 * Fireball XL5
 * Jupiter 2 - Lost in Space, film & series
 * LEXX - a living spaceship, from Lexx
 * USS Voyager (NCC-74656) - Intrepid Class Starship - Star Trek
 * Dark Star
 * Moya - a living spaceship, Farscape
 * Battlestar Galactica - Battlestar Galactica (1978) & Battlestar Galactica (2003)
 * Red Dwarf Ore Freighter - Red Dwarf

You may or may not be fans of these, but are they really "not notable"??

Is there really a consensus that this edit should have been made, or has this pruning been somewhat overzealous?86.7.21.237 (talk) 00:16, 27 January 2009 (UTC)

Against Deletion of Article Jan 2010
I'm against the entire article being deleted. Some references are not possible due to nature of science fiction's televised. Some of the anime entries for spacecraft/starships are listed in exclusively in Japan don't have englished based references. Others are older than internet itself. I'm not sure if some of the entries can remain on the article if Wikipedia doesn't allow it without a modern reference. -- Colt9033 (talk) 04:01, 11 January 2010 (UTC)

The list should contain all fictional spacecraft without limitation. Otherwise the title of the article may as well be renamed to "List of fictional spacecraft (with their own Wikipedia articles)" or something similar. The only limitaiton should be that the craft must be fictional (as the title makes clear). Those that are into fighting over significance and relevence should be redirected to wikis dedicated to their cause (such as Wookiepedia for the Star Wars obsessed). For this article to be complete, it should contain a complete list of fictional spacecraft, including the obscure ones. People who are interested in finding out what fictional spacecraft exist will be drawn to this page, and they will expect a long list. Listing only craft meeting certain criteria (besides being fictional) is a limitation on the information that can be extracted from such an article. If any discussion or argument is to be had, it should be over such things as classifications, but perhaps there should be more than one page presentation, using JavaScript to change the organisation on the fly (I'm not sure how that would be done in Wikipedia, but those who say it cannot be done shouldn't get in the way of those doing it, and everything is impossible until someone shows that it isn't). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.129.23.146 (talk) 09:32, 22 February 2011 (UTC)

Really?
There's a lot of talk about what counts and what doesn't, when it's really simple: apply existing standards of notability. Is a ship well-known in its own right (like Millennium Falcon and Enterprise) or is it very prominent within an especially notable fictional work (like Serenity in Firefly and the Planet Express ship from Futurama)? If not, it shouldn't be on the list. For example, the entire "Small Craft" section can be axed: it's nothing but small vehicles in TV series that all have much more notable craft already on the list, and I'm not sure anyone knows what the hell Doctor Snuggles is. There should also be more of what's been done with the entry for the Battlestars: a listing of a type of ship, with one or two notable examples. The Nadesico and Freelancer ships, at the very least, should be so condensed - if they're even notable enough to be here to begin with. The lists might also benefit from being arranged according to the name of the work in which the ships exist, which would help with consolidation. It's easier than people have been making it, and the only reason I'm not doing a lot of it myself is because I don't know enough about most of these works to judge notability. Anyone else feel game? ~e.o.t.d~ (蜻蛉の目•話す•貢献) 08:29, 28 August 2009 (UTC)

Unnecessary Deletions
I thought I was editing my own personal list (same fonts), when I realized it was the Wiki page ! Obviously, great stupidity & massive idiocy on my part - But, those edits have been retrieved and the current page does not contain my very latest changes, but reflects the page of 4:08 15 January - note the difference (AW JEESE, WTF ?) - (also, the AfD was not on the current page). Massive apologies on my part to those who've added items in the last few days. They have been returned... Never do it again. Promise. Really. . . . . And a neanderthal dolt signs out.PFSLAKES1 (talk) 02:07, 16 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Your unsourced changes have been reverted. The honus is on you to provide sources for material you introduce (or re-introduce) once it has been challenged as non-notable.  JBsupreme (talk) 10:50, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

"Personnel Spacecraft" category?
Can we merge this category? I think that the way the page is organized already, it would be best to continue organizing ships based on their capabilities. Orbital, Lunar, Interplanetary, Interstellar, Intergalactic, and Space Stations... It makes sense to have interstellar split by military and transport, because most wars in science fiction are interstellar...Ccubedd (talk) 01:49, 29 May 2010 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on List of fictional spacecraft. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100824173950/http://www.mania.com/starship-operators-vol-3_article_112012.html to http://www.mania.com/starship-operators-vol-3_article_112012.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:11, 22 January 2018 (UTC)

Proposal for reorganization
While the organization of this list by function is interesting, I think organizing it by franchise or alphabetically by the ship name in a table may be more useful. Determining the function of a fictional ship can be difficult when definitions vary across franchise and because many fictional ships are multi-purpose. Basmith0 (talk) 21:28, 22 June 2018 (UTC)

Notability
The article starts by saying identified by name in notable published works of fiction.

That's not how notability works.

Sure, the works might be notable. But this article isn't about the work. It's about individual space craft. And the vast majority of crafts listed here are not even remotely notable. I noticed most entries have a reference, but that only establishes notability for the work (the franchise) - NOT the individual entry.

In short, this reads as a fancruft article, whose existence is predicated upon completeness. Fan wikis do completeness, Wikipedia doesn't.

I propose we prune away any entry that can't be sourced as being notable. I predict the list shrinking by at least 90%. CapnZapp (talk) 09:08, 18 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Also, I noticed The Orville article linked here. And now I see more such links that are entirely irrelevant. This list doesn't even list Orville ships, but that's not the point. The point is: even if it did, that would be a useless link to give to a reader, since all the entry would have done, is state the ship's name and link back to where we came from. My point is: assuming the list only contains notable ships, it has a place on wikipedia as a place from which you can quickly reach various franchise articles. Its use as a link target from those pages is much much more dubious - there simply is no reason why a reader of The Orville (say) should be sent to a list of Last Starfighter (say) ships. Yes, both feature spacecraft. No, that's not a valid connection. TL;DR: Send readers of general articles here (things like "space battles" or "history of SF" articles), but not readers of individual properties - we have no reason to believe just because you're reading Gundam you're interested in Orville ship listings. Such a reader would move on to a general article, from which we can offer this link. I propose we examine each link to here ("what links here") and remove any instance where "spacecraft" or "scout vessel" is linked with this article (as I just did on Orville). This page simply does not explain any of those terms, and is generally useless as a link target from a specific property. CapnZapp (talk) 09:19, 18 September 2018 (UTC)
 * agree. Was considering Q-ships for Thanos (Infinity War) but following this agree not fit for this fictional list. Earnsthearthrob (talk) 18:10, 24 January 2024 (UTC)

"Steelhaven" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Steelhaven. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. Reyk YO! 14:17, 27 February 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:List of fictional spacecraft


text:
User talk:Wefa

Juana Smith
Well, you did a very good work on the article. I've got no complains of any kind, I've only added some wiki links. Thank you! GhePeU 12:16, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

Splinter Cell: Double Agent
I replied to you. :) --Dreaded Walrus 17:33, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

DEFAULTSORT
Yes, in categories the pages shold be sorted by unaccented letters, so ô and o come together. The name in the category will still be accented as per the article. Rich Farmbrough, 22:45 29 October 2008 (UTC).

tv-actor-stub
I added a space at the top of the stub template. See if you like it better this way. Dismas |(talk) 03:52, 27 November 2008 (UTC)

RE: Question wrt the decline of the Carl Cameron semi-protection
Hey Wefa. I have replied to your question at my talk page. —αἰτίας •'discussion'• 23:04, 5 December 2008 (UTC)

Vandal Messages
Hey, Wefa, I notice you are reverting, great stuff! I have seen some of your warning messages and on this one here: you have put a message. What were looking for here is a message like the 2 below, these go down in Tools such as huggle and then if the vandal keeps going he or she will be reported to AIV. With yours it will not be recognized and the vandal may well continue for a lot longer! It keeps the place tidy! He, he. Any more questions, hit me up! (as neuro says! :D) :) Andy (talk) 20:31, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

Your recent edits
Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Wikipedia pages that have open discussion, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You may also click on the signature button located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your username or IP address and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when. --SineBot (talk) 21:34, 3 August 2009 (UTC)

SUL
I just asked for user name wefa at French Wikipedia. Wefa (talk) 19:02, 9 August 2009 (UTC)
 * ✅ ! Popo le Chien throw a bone 09:30, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

AFD relistings
Well there have being a lot of afd discussions that had little comments/votes after 5-7 days since opening the discussion which is why it had been relisted so get more consensus from the community. I would say something like 25% of discussions on a given day are relisted once at least and actually some are relisted twice and even more then that. So yes sometimes discussions can drag for some time although I have not seen any limits on how many relists are allowed although once a discussion is there for like more then two weeks, they often try to get this thing done - that's something I (and probably many other admins) don't like really, something gets dragged for a long period. Also, on your last question, you can still comment on the AFD discussion regardless. JForget 17:10, 11 August 2009 (UTC)

Re: X3 TC
Cheers, if it is content saying, in reference to the statement about the review from IGN, it could then clear away, and I think with my language skills, it should perhaps be rewritten again. Abani79 (talk) 17:25, 11 January 2011 (UTC)

IP block exempt
I have granted your account an exemption from IP blocking. This will allow you to edit through full blocks affecting your IP address when you are logged in.

Please read the page IP block exemption carefully, especially the section on IP block exemption conditions.

Note in particular that you are not permitted to use this newly-granted right to edit Wikipedia via anonymous proxies, or disruptively. If you do, or there is a serious concern of abuse, then the right may be removed by any administrator.

Appropriate usage and compliance with the policy may be checked periodically, due to the nature of block exemption, and block exemption will be removed when no longer needed (for example, when the block it is related to expires).

I hope this will enhance your editing, and allow you to edit successfully and without disruption. Daniel Case (talk) 16:50, 6 September 2012 (UTC) Daniel Case (talk) 16:50, 6 September 2012 (UTC)

How to deal with this formatting mess?
I ran across the article Medium endurance cutter. Apparently, somebody (not me!) put multiple infoboxes in there, which results in a picture and a table formatted over each other - and I have no idea how to clean that, short of deleting the second infobox, which is not an option, IMHO. (Yes, deleting the second infobox magically fixes the formatting). Wefa (talk) 00:16, 13 November 2012 (UTC)

 * I believe I've fixed the formatting problem—if you're still seeing issues, please let me know. Dori ☾Talk ☯ Contribs☽ 01:45, 13 November 2012 (UTC)

Help with Anno 1404 interlanguage links
The article Anno 1404 has no inter-language links. When I try to add one, I get a javascript exception message. It seems to be a system issue. Where can I report this so that it gets fixed?

Wefa (talk) 04:37, 17 January 2016 (UTC)
 * What other language version(s) of Wikipedia does this article exist on? --Nick—Contact/Contribs 04:44, 17 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Nevermind, I think I fixed it. I removed the en interwiki link from the wikidata page (https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q567246&action=history) and then re-added it, and I now see the language links on the side of the article on the English page.  I'm not sure why they weren't showing up before, but the problem is solved on my machine. --Nick—Contact/Contribs 04:55, 17 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Yep, it worked. Thanks. --Wefa (talk) 04:59, 17 January 2016 (UTC)

ArbCom 2017 election voter message
Template removed Wefa (talk) 19:50, 17 January 2020 (UTC)

Carl Benjamin talk page
You wrote "Grayfell, you reverted me without seeking debate. You are not the Lord of this article who can overrule the rest of us if we displease you." Please be civil. Attack the content or the edits, not the editor, no matter how much you may disagree with them. It accomplishes nothing to attack the person, other than to derail the discussion. Thanks. Anastrophe (talk) 01:21, 12 December 2017 (UTC)

You're quoted in Haaretz
If you didn't know: Breitbart Declares War on Wikipedia as Encyclopedia Gets Drafted Into Facebook's 'Fake News' Battle Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 19:58, 16 April 2018 (UTC)
 * lol. Thanks for the heads-up! Wefa (talk) 20:50, 16 April 2018 (UTC)

ArbCom 2018 election voter message
Template removed Wefa (talk) 19:50, 17 January 2020 (UTC)

Discretionary sanctions alert
Three Lengthy templates removed. Basically one says "You have shown interest in governmental regulation..." and then threatens immediate execution. I also got the same templates about "interest in post-1932 politics of the United States" and "interest in living or recently deceased people".

Whoever wrote that should take a long break from wiki admin and then give his own work a considered review. It is a good thing to be interested in Government and its working, in the people around you, and in politics. Threatening Wikipedians who fit any of these categories within WP with veiled threats of expulsion seems counterproductive - to put it politely.

Apparently, the only fully acceptable Wikipedian does not care about any people, living or dead, gives a blurt about politics and can not muster any interest in government regulation. God bless you. Wefa (talk) 19:48, 17 January 2020 (UTC)

Turquoise
Sorry about all the turquoise above. That article is under a lot of possible sanctions. O3000 (talk) 19:39, 18 June 2019 (UTC)

BLPNAME
This violates WP:BLPNAME, which you already know because of the context of the discussion. If you add anything like this to Wikipedia again, I will request that you be blocked.- MrX 🖋 14:06, 13 November 2019 (UTC)
 * I agree with this warning and add to it. Wikipedia policy and talk page consensus are absolutely against doing anything to identify the whistleblower. That includes mentioning or linking to the current rumor, which claims without evidence to know who the person is. If you don't stop promoting this immediately - if you do it even one more time - you will be blocked for disruptive editing and violations of the Wikipedia policy regarding living persons. -- MelanieN (talk) 20:23, 13 November 2019 (UTC)

 * note to the uninvolved passer-by: I got these because I linked to an blog article in a talk page that mentions Lord-Voldemort-of-the-CIA - the infamous whistleblower - by name. Wikipedia has lifted the concept of Him Who Must Not Be Named from the Harry Potter novels into reality, and, together with Facebook enforces a near universal publishing ban. Wefa (talk) 20:26, 17 January 2020 (UTC)

Facebook
To quote the crux of your statement was "No paper can afford such a block" as if Facebook was having a chilling effect on entities such as the New York Times or any other news source. That is utter fiction; if anything a paper defying such a 'block' would gain a degree of kudos with at least some portion of the populace. WaPo and others have no reliance upon Facebook for circulation nor any requirement to adhere to any policy that their own legal team doesn't advise them to. The idea that Breitbart care at all, given they have published the alleged guys name on 15+ occasions, also utterly debunks that claim (and other conservative sources have also taken it upon themselves to casually name-drop while pointing at other sources in a game of circular referencing). Koncorde (talk) 19:29, 20 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I don't think you are right. While wealthy of well financed operations like the WaPo or the NYT can afford losing even substantial Facebook reach over articles, in today's climate many smaller sites can not. (though it should be noted that Google and Facebook referrals play a major role in WaPo and NYT page hit numbers) What is interesting that there seems to be hardly any scholarship on the influence of Facebook on the media. Quite a few academics have dealt with how Newspapers use Facebook effectively to  boost their influence or reach, but on the other power dynamic there is barely anything. I assume a few years down the line that will change. So for now, I have to rely on guesswork. Given that Breitbart has effectively thrown the towel in this matter (its latest article on the matter studiously avoided naming Voldemort's name) I tend to believe their claim on Facebook's influence. Time will tell. Wefa (talk) 22:46, 21 January 2020 (UTC)

Notice of Dispute resolution noticeboard discussion
This message is being sent to let you know of a discussion at the WP:BLP/Noticeboard regarding WP:NPOV. Content disputes can hold up article development and make editing difficult for editors. You are not required to participate, but you are both invited and encouraged to help this dispute come to a resolution. The thread is "Carl Benjamin's rape joke".The discussion is about the topic Carl Benjamin. Please join us to help form a consensus. Thank you! --Amaroq64 (talk) 09:56, 23 April 2020 (UTC)

Rape in Islamic law
I just noticed that you have previously taken interest in the article Rape in Islamic law. Would you consider joining the discussion between me and Vice regent? We could do with third opinions. I would not have bothered you if the discussion had made some sort of headway or if it was being solved at DRN. I opened a discussion at the dispute resolution noticeboard but it does not seem to be receiving attention from the moderators. Here is the link to the discussion at the dispute resolution noticeboard. Perhaps you could contribute on Talk:Rape in Islamic law. Mcphurphy (talk) 12:03, 29 June 2020 (UTC)

There is currently a discussion at Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. Thank you.Horse Eye's Back (talk) 14:28, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

Important Notice
Dreamy Jazz talk to me | my contributions 14:36, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

September 2022
Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to assume bad faith when dealing with other editors, as you did at Talk:Libs of TikTok, you may be blocked from editing. Assume that they are here to improve rather than harm Wikipedia. Cut it out with the "lefty administrator" trope eh? — TheresNoTime (talk • they/them) 17:25, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

 * You are basically making my point. That article is constantly changed without consent, against the objections of a the conservative editors present, and no editor nor admin saw need to call out, let alone threaten, the editors doing that. AGF was immediately violated by other editors who called my position transphobic; "transphobic" itself is a left wing fighting term trying to pathologize dissent. There is no such phobia, conservatives simply recognize that there are men and women, and, if we ignore the extremely rare cases of biological nonbinaries, nothing else.
 * But as soon as I point out the discrepancy, as well as the fundamental problem with editing Wikipedia under such circumstances, several people jump at me, you with all your administrators might threaten me on my own talk page. Where was such threats/warnings for those who called all conservatives "transphobic"?
 * Yep. Thanks for making my point. Wefa (talk) 18:31, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

Result of discussion at WP:ANI
The discussion regarding your recent behavior at WP:ANI has been closed. The result was that you are formally warned against further violations of talk page guidelines on issues surrounding gender and sexuality. Additionally, as the action falls under the remit of the WP:GENSEX ArbCom case, this is being logged as a formal "discretionary sanction" under that case. Please tread lightly in this topic area going forward. -- Jayron 32 18:07, 21 October 2022 (UTC)
 * thanks for the notification. Wefa (talk) 10:41, 22 October 2022 (UTC)

ArbCom 2022 Elections voter message
 Hello! Voting in the 2022 Arbitration Committee elections is now open until 23:59 (UTC) on. All eligible users are allowed to vote. Users with alternate accounts may only vote once.

The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to impose binding solutions to disputes between editors, primarily for serious conduct disputes the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the authority to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail.

If you wish to participate in the 2022 election, please review the candidates and submit your choices on the voting page. If you no longer wish to receive these messages, you may add to your user talk page. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 00:25, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

Looking back
Hi, Wefa. FYI I've had to resurrect and reinforce your 2009 discussion here. Kind regards, Bjenks (talk) 02:44, 6 November 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wefa


text:
Arena Manawatu

Central Energy Trust Arena is the current name of the 180,000 square metre publicly owned recreational complex just west of the Palmerston North city centre in the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand.

It has three linked indoor stadiums, with movable tiered seating. Outdoor facilities include football fields and a speedway track with grandstand.

In June 2015, FMG insurance chose not to renew the sponsorship deal for the main Stadium name.

History
Originally founded in 1886 as the Palmerston North Showgrounds, its pavilion burnt down in a fire in 1977. It was replaced with a new stand, and the ground was reopened in 1981 as the Manawatu Sports Stadium. Since 1973 it has been owned by the Palmerston North City Council.

Capacity
Central Energy Trust Arena has a capacity of 15,000. Temporary seating is added for major events, allowing the capacity to reach 20,000.

Central Energy Trust Arena is home to Manawatu Rugby. It is the home ground of the Manawatu Turbos, and also generally hosts one club game per week. Playing in the Air New Zealand Cup, crowd attendances at Turbos' games have been among the highest in the competition, averaging 7,000 per game.

History
Central Energy Trust Arena was formerly known as Arena 1 and FMG Stadium. It was the venue for the first ever Super 12 rugby match in 1996, which was played by the Wellington Hurricanes and the Auckland Blues.

The stadium was the host of the 1987 Rugby World Cup game between Wales and Tonga on 29 May. Wales won 29–16.

The ground was a venue for the British & Irish Lions on the 2005 British & Irish Lions tour to New Zealand with a game against Manawatu Turbos on 28 June.

On 28 March 2009, The Highlanders played a Super Rugby 'home' game at Central Energy Trust Arena against the Bulls. The game attracted a large crowd of over 10,000—one of the Highlanders' biggest of the 2009 season.

On 4 September 2011, The Manawatu Turbos hosted the Hawkes Bay Magpies in the ITM Championship Cup Final at Central Energy Trust Arena. Crowd attendance was 13,100.

The stadium hosted two pool games in the 2011 Rugby World Cup, in which New Zealand was the host nation. With the city's central location, large student population, the stadium's close proximity to the CBD, International Pacific College, as well as the New Zealand Rugby Institute (a facility which the All Blacks used to use), the idea of basing a team and having a pool game in Palmerston North was attractive.

On 18 March 2016, The Hurricanes played another Super Rugby 'home' game at Central Energy Trust Arena against the Western Force. The game attracted a crowd of over 8,000.

Rugby league
The stadium hosted its first rugby league test match when New Zealand lost to Great Britain 11–10 on 24 June 1990 in front of 8,073 fans.

The stadium hosted New Zealand Kiwis' victory in their first rugby league test of the 1992 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand. In front of 11,548 fans, the Kiwis defeated Great Britain 15-14 after a late Daryl Halligan field goal.

Palmerston North also hosted the second game of the 1993 Trans-Tasman series against Australia, played on a water-logged ground after constant rain. Despite the arctic like conditions, an overflow crowd of 19,000 hardy fans saw the Mal Meninga led Aussies run out 16-8 winners.

Overall, the stadium hosted six test matches between 1990 and 1996. Its last test to date saw New Zealand defeat Great Britain 18–15 on 25 October 1996 in front of 12,000 fans.

Rugby league Test matches

List of Test matches played at Palmerston North.

Motorcycle speedway
The site has been used as a motorcycle speedway venue for many years. Originally known as Palmerston North Showgrounds speedway track, it hosted several important events, including a qualifying round of the Speedway World Championship in 1976, and the New Zealand Solo Championship in 1949, 1962, 1963, 1969 and 1975.

Today it is called the Robertson Holden International Speedway, with a 434 m track encircling the field. The national Teams Championships have been held there, early February, bringing racers from all over the country. The season starts mid-October and finishes by the start of May.

Other sports
The YoungHeart Manawatu association football team used to play at the ground, however they have since moved to Memorial Park, Palmerston North.

Central Energy Trust Arena hosted the Wellington Phoenix association football team in a home game against Sydney FC on 12 December 2009 in the Hyundai A-League.

Central Energy Trust Arena was twice host of Te Matatini nationwide Kapa haka competition.

Arena 2
Redeveloped in 2004, Arena 2 is a multipurpose indoor sporting facility, capable of holding exhibitions, conventions, and entertainment events. It has been the host of the Central Pulse home matches in Palmerston North and International netball fixtures between New Zealand and Australia; international motor shows; conferences and houses the home court to the Manawatu Jets who play in the New Zealand National Basketball League. The arena has also played host to international basketball, hosting the New Zealand Tall Blacks on occasions, including the FIBA Oceania Championship. For sponsorship reasons, the arena is known as the Fly Palmy Arena.

Arenas 3, 5, and 6
Arena 3 has a floor area of 2100 square metres and is an indoor sports centre. It has a capacity of 2,000 persons.

Arena 5 includes Bell Hall, Barber Hall, Waldegrave Lounge and gym.

Arena 6 has the Outdoor No. 2, 3 & 4 sports grounds.

B&M Centre
The B&M Centre is a multipurpose indoor stadium.

Military Use
The Palmerston North Showgrounds have had a long military association, which saw it recognised as a Place of Remembrance by the Palmerston North City Council and the New Zealand Poppy Places Trust in 2019.

From the early 1900s, the Palmerston North Showgrounds was the venue for various Military Tournaments, with Boxing Day Military displays popular with the local community. Examples of Military Tournaments held at the Palmerston North Showgrounds were:

 * 2 February 1901, the Imperial Representative Corps paraded in the Square with the Manawatu Mounted Rifles and the Palmerston North Rifles.  The parade concluded at the Showgrounds with military displays.
 * 9 November 1908, The Wellington Engineer Volunteers participated in a Military Tournament at the show grounds, where they engaged in an improvised bridge-building display.
 * 3 January 1911, a large Naval and Military Tournament took place at the Palmerston North Showgrounds with crowds numbering 7,000 to 8,000.

During the 1st World War, the showgrounds were used as a remount depot for the New Zealand Mounted Rifles and as a stop-over location for men passing through Palmerston North as they transited to other various military camps around New Zealand.

On 19 July 1919, the showgrounds were the venue for Palmerston Norths celebrations marking the end of World War One. After a parade around the Square followed by speeches watched by a crowd of about 7,000 including 800 children from all the local schools.

During the Second World War, the Showgrounds were requisitioned for military use for the duration of the war by the New Zealand Army, and was by the following units:

 * The 28th (Māori) Battalion was formed at the Showgrounds on 25 January 1940, and after initial training for three months en-trained at the Palmerston North Railway Station on 2 May 1940 for overseas service,
 * The Manawatu Mounted Rifles,
 * Headquarters 2 Brigade,
 * Headquarters 4 Division,
 * No 2 Company, New Zealand Army Service Corps, and
 * No 2 Ordnance Sub Depot, New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps from 1942 to 1945.

On 31 December 1944 a large fire occurred in the building occupied by Ordnance Depot, destroying Halls 1, 2, and 3 and causing stock losses of £225,700 ($18,639,824.86 at 2018 value), including around 1500 Charlton Automatic Rifles, a successful New Zealand conversion of obsolete Lee–Metford and Lee–Enfield rifles into an automatic rifle.

title: Arena Manawatu


text:
Gráinne

Gráinne, sometimes anglicised Grania, is the daughter of king Cormac mac Airt in the Fianna Cycle of Irish mythology. She is one of the central figures in the Middle Irish text Finn and Gráinne, as well as the 17th-century tale The Pursuit of Diarmuid and Gráinne, which tells of her betrothal to Fionn mac Cumhaill, leader of the Fianna, and her subsequent elopement with Fionn's warrior Diarmuid Ua Duibhne.

History
In The Pursuit of Diarmuid and Gráinne, Gráinne was promised in marriage to Fionn but, repulsed by his age, she forms a relationship with Diarmuid at their betrothal party. At first he refuses out of loyalty to Fionn but she places a geis upon him to run away with her. Their long flight from Fionn is aided by Diarmuid's foster-father Aengus Óg. Eventually, Fionn pardons Diarmuid after Aengus intercedes on their behalf; the pair settle in Kerry and produce five children. Years later Diarmuid is wounded by a boar while hunting with Fionn, who stalls in healing him until it is too late; texts vary on Gráinne's subsequent actions. In some versions, she mourns her husband until she dies herself; in others, she swears her sons to avenge their father's death on Fionn. In still others, she forgives Fionn or even marries him.

According to the historian Peter Berresford Ellis, "[Fionn Mac Cumhail] had many loves during his career but none is better known than his unrequited love for Gráinne. He was elderly when [the High King] Cormac Mac Art gave his daughter Gráinne to him in marriage. But before the ceremony, Gráinne eloped with one of Fionn’s warriors, Diarmuid Ua Duibhne. ‘The Pursuit of Diarmuid and Gráinne’ is one of the classic love tales and a major epic of the Fenian Cycle." Ellis goes on to say: "Gráinne’s character is always drawn with consistency in the myths. She is a shallow person, wilful, ruthless and passionate, and what in modern terms would be described as a neurotic."

The story of Gráinne and Diarmuid is one of a number of instances in Irish mythology of a love triangle between a young man, a young woman and an aging suitor, the other most famous instance being between Naoise, Deirdre and Conchobar mac Nessa in the Ulster Cycle. The same theme also shows up in other cultures, notably in the Arthurian legend. The Pursuit of Diarmuid and Gráinne shares a number of similarities with the story of Tristan and Iseult, and to a certain extent the love affair of Lancelot and Guinevere. The LÉ Gráinne (CM10), a decommissioned ship in the Irish Naval Service, was named after Gráinne.

In the 1999 Irish dance show Dancing on Dangerous Ground Gráinne is played by former Riverdance star Jean Butler.

title: Gráinne


text:
Talk:OT3

There's just one problem- "OT3" is not always used in this context; it's also a completely unrelated abbreviation. FZ 01:14, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * So turn it from a redirect into a disambig! - David Gerard 15:34, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, but I'm the wrong person to do it; I came here in the first place to try to find out about it. FZ 19:47, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * What else is it an abbreviation for? -- Antaeus Feldspar 19:06, 25 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I removed the redirect to Xenu. If it should be a redirect it should rather be to Operating Thetan. Instead I created a short stub article linking to both of these. If someone can think of other uses for this abbreviation, this page can easily be made into a disambig page by adding other things OT3 can refer to. (Entheta 21:14, 23 November 2005 (UTC))

Note for the archived deletion debate for this article see Talk:Body Thetans/delete. -- Graham ☺ | Talk 18:39, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

What should be in here?
Hm... is this all we know about OTIII? How about, oh, what a person must learn before and after? What benefits there are to OT III? Or is this article destined to be a stub to merge elsewhere? Ronabop 09:47, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:OT3


text:
Zust

Zust (originally Züst) was an Italian car manufacturing company operating from 1905 to 1917.

The company was founded by engineer Roberto Züst, an Italian industrialist of Swiss origin, who owned a precision tool manufacturing plant at Intra, near Lago Maggiore (formerly the Guller & Croff iron foundry ). Züst experimented with prototypes of cars from around 1900 on and in Milan in 1905, he founded the Zust company for manufacturing cars and commercial vehicles. His first models were huge and expensive machines propelled by four-cylinder engines from 7432 cc (454cuin) to 11308 cc (690cuin). These were joined by a slightly smaller 5-litre (305cuin) model in 1908. A Zust 28/45 HP participated in the 1908 New York to Paris Race and finished third. Giustino Cattaneo (later of Isotta Fraschini) worked for him.

In 1906 Züst decided to also make smaller cars, so with his five sons he founded a new company known as Brixia-Zust in the city of Brescia. (Zust and Brixia-Zust are often confused). Due to financial problems, Brixia-Zust closed down in 1912; the Milan factory was sold and production of Zust cars concentrated in Brescia, where production continued until 1914. The last new models, the 15/25 HP or 2S 365 (2592 cc/158cuin) and the 25/35 or S305 (4712 cc/288cuin), appeared in 1913.

On October 1, 1917, the company was taken over by Officine Meccaniche of Milan, who continued to make the S305 until 1923 under their own name.

Brixia-Zust
Brixia-Zust (originally Brixia-Züst) was an Italian car manufacturer also founded by engineer Roberto Züst, owner of Zust of Milan, and his sons. The company was situated in Brescia, Northern Italy; Brixia is the antique Latin for Brescia. The company made racing cars that participated in Targa Florio, an open road race in Sicily.

The most interesting model was the 10 hp in 1909, propelled by a three-cylinder 1495 cc engine. Car production ended—due to financial difficulties—in 1912. In 1918, after Officine Meccaniche took over the Zust company, the Brescia facilities were used.

title: Zust


text:
Watershed district (Minnesota)

Watershed districts are special government entities in the U.S. state of Minnesota that monitor and regulate the use of water in watersheds surrounding various lakes and rivers in the state. The districts cover the natural regions of the watersheds, rather than politically defined regions and thus may have boundaries that cross jurisdictions. They are run by a board of managers, who are appointed by commissions in the counties within the districts.

The districts were first authorized by Minnesota state legislation in 1955. As of November 2016 there are 45 districts in the state. District boards coordinate activities with the state, as well as with the counties, cities, and soil and water conservation districts within the watershed districts. In comparison with public bodies in other countries, watershed districts are most similar to the internal drainage boards of England and Wales, Waterschappen of the Netherlands, and Consorzi di bonifica e irrigazione of Italy.

List of current watershed districts in Minnesota

 * Bear Valley Watershed District
 * Belle Creek Watershed District
 * Bois de Sioux Watershed District
 * Browns Creek Watershed District
 * Buffalo Creek Watershed District
 * Buffalo-Red River Watershed District
 * Capitol Region Watershed District
 * Carnelian-Marine Watershed District
 * Cedar River Watershed District
 * Clearwater River Watershed District
 * Comfort Lake-Forest Lake Watershed District
 * Coon Creek Watershed District
 * Cormorant Lakes Watershed District
 * Crooked Creek Watershed District
 * Heron Lake Watershed District
 * High Island Creek Watershed District
 * Joe River Watershed District
 * Kanaranzi-Little Rock Watershed District
 * Lac qui Parle-Yellow Bank Watershed District
 * Lower Minnesota River Watershed District
 * Middle Fork Crow River Watershed District
 * Middle-Snake-Tamarac Rivers Watershed District
 * Minnehaha Creek Watershed District
 * Nine Mile Creek Watershed District
 * North Fork Crow River Watershed District
 * Okabena-Ocheda Watershed District
 * Pelican River Watershed District
 * Prior Lake-Spring Lake Watershed District
 * Ramsey-Washington Metro Watershed District
 * Red Lake Watershed District
 * Rice Creek Watershed District
 * Riley-Purgatory-Bluff Creek Watershed District
 * Roseau River Watershed District
 * Sand Hill River Watershed District
 * Sauk River Watershed District
 * Shell Rock River Watershed District
 * South Washington Watershed District
 * Stockton-Rollingstone Watershed District
 * Turtle Creek Watershed District
 * Two Rivers Watershed District
 * Upper Minnesota River Watershed District
 * Valley Branch Watershed District
 * Warroad Watershed District
 * Wild Rice Watershed District
 * Yellow Medicine River Watershed District

title: Watershed district (Minnesota)


text:
Air Force Special Operations Command

Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), headquartered at Hurlburt Field, Florida, is the special operations component of the United States Air Force. An Air Force major command (MAJCOM), AFSOC is also the U.S. Air Force component command to United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), a unified combatant command located at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. AFSOC provides all Air Force Special Operations Forces (SOF) for worldwide deployment and assignment to regional unified combatant commands.

Before 1983, Air Force special operations forces were primarily assigned to the Tactical Air Command (TAC) and were generally deployed under the control of U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) or, as had been the case during the Vietnam War, Pacific Air Forces (PACAF). Just as it had relinquished control of the C-130 theater airlift fleet to Military Airlift Command (MAC) in 1975, TAC relinquished control of Air Force SOF to MAC in December 1982.

AFSOC was initially established on 10 February 1983 as Twenty-Third Air Force (23 AF), a subordinate numbered air force of MAC, with 23 AF headquarters initially established at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois. On 1 August 1987, 23 AF headquarters moved to Hurlburt Field, Florida. AFSOC elements include Combat Controllers (CCT), Pararescuemen (PJ), Special Reconnaissance (SR), and Tactical Air Control Party (TACP).

World War II

 * 1st Air Commando Group: Late 1943 – November 1945
 * Operation Carpetbagger: Early 1944 – July 1945

Korean War

 * Air Resupply and Communications Service: 23 February 1951 – 12 October 1956
 * Combined Command Reconnaissance Activities, Korea: December 1951 – December 1953
 * B Flight, 6167th Operations Squadron: 1 April 1952 – 31 December 1953
 * 6004th Air Intelligence Service Squadron: c. March 1951 – 1955
 * 6006th Air Intelligence Service Squadron: c. 1953–1955
 * 22nd Crash Rescue Boat Squadron: c. July 1952 – 1954
 * 581st Air Supply and Communications Wing: July 1951 – September 1955
 * 582nd Air Supply and Communications Wing
 * 580th Air Supply and Communications Wing

Early Cold War era

 * 129th Air Resupply Group: April 1955 – c. 1975
 * 130th Air Resupply Group: October 1955 – c. 1960
 * 135th Air Resupply Group: August 1955 – c. 1971
 * 143rd Special Operations Group: November 1955 – 1975
 * 1045th Observation, Evaluation, and Training Group: 23 February 1951 – 1 January 1954

Vietnam War era

 * Jungle Jim / 4400th Combat Crew Training Squadron
 * Farm Gate
 * Operation Waterpump
 * Raven Forward Air Controllers
 * Project 404
 * Palace Dog
 * 56th Air Commando Wing

Late Cold War era

 * 4400th Combat Crew Training Group
 * 1st Special Operations Wing
 * Twenty-Third Air Force

Lineage

 * Established as Twenty-Third Air Force on 10 February 1983
 * Activated on 1 March 1983
 * Redesignated Air Force Special Operations Command and made a major command on 22 May 1990

Assignments

 * Military Airlift Command, 1 March 1983
 * United States Air Force, 22 May 1990 – present

Stations

 * Scott AFB, Illinois, 1 March 1983
 * Hurlburt Field, Florida, 1 August 1987 – present

Components

 * Air Forces Special Operations Center (redesignated 623d Air and Space Operations Center): 13 December 2005 – 1 January 2008
 * Twenty-Third Air Force (Air Forces Special Operations Forces): 1 January 2008 – 4 April 2013
 * AFSOC Operations Center: 4 April 2013 – present
 * 2nd Air Division, 1 March 1983 – 1 February 1987
 * Aerospace Rescue and Recovery Service, 1 March 1983 – 1 August 1989
 * Air Rescue Service, 1 August 1989 – 1993
 * 1st Special Operations Wing, 1 February 1987 – present
 * 24th Special Operations Wing, 12 June 2012 – present
 * 27th Special Operations Wing, 1 October 2007 – present
 * 41st Rescue and Weather Reconnaissance Wing, 1 October 1983 – 1 August 1989
 * 352nd Special Operations Wing, 1 October 1983 – present
 * 353rd Special Operations Wing, 6 April 1989 – present
 * 375th Aeromedical Airlift Wing: 1 January 1984 – 1 February 1990
 * 492nd Special Operations Wing: 10 May 2017 – present
 * 720th Special Tactics Group: 1 October 1987 – Present
 * 724th Special Tactics Group: 29 April 2011 – Present
 * 1550th Aircrew Training and Test Wing (later, 1550th Combat Crew Training Wing): 1 October 1983 – 21 May 1990
 * USAF Special Operations School, 1 February 1987 – 22 May 1990
 * Air Force Special Operations Training Center, 8 October 2008 – 11 February 2013
 * Air Force Special Operations Air Warfare Center, 11 February 2013 – 10 May 2017

Air Force

The following list contains the flying and Special Tactics squadrons of the Air Force Special Operations Command:

 * 1st Special Operations Wing, Hurlburt Field, Florida
 * 1st Special Operations Group
 * 4th Special Operations Squadron, AC-130J Ghostrider
 * 8th Special Operations Squadron, CV-22B Osprey
 * 15th Special Operations Squadron, MC-130H Combat Talon II
 * 34th Special Operations Squadron, U-28A
 * 65th Special Operations Squadron, MQ-9 Reaper
 * 73rd Special Operations Squadron, AC-130J Ghostrider
 * 319th Special Operations Squadron, U-28A
 * 24th Special Operations Wing, Hurlburt Field, Florida
 * Special Tactics Training Squadron, Hurlburt Field, Florida
 * 720th Special Tactics Group, Hurlburt Field, Florida
 * 17th Special Tactics Squadron, Fort Moore, Georgia
 * 21st Special Tactics Squadron, Pope Field, North Carolina
 * 22nd Special Tactics Squadron, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington
 * 23rd Special Tactics Squadron, Hurlburt Field, Florida
 * 26th Special Tactics Squadron, Cannon AFB, New Mexico
 * 724th Special Tactics Group, Pope Field, North Carolina
 * 24th Special Tactics Squadron, Pope Field
 * 27th Special Operations Wing, Cannon AFB, New Mexico
 * 27th Special Operations Group
 * 3rd Special Operations Squadron, MQ-9 Reaper
 * 9th Special Operations Squadron, MC-130J Commando II
 * 12th Special Operations Squadron, Expeditionary MQ-9 Reaper launch and recovery
 * 16th Special Operations Squadron, AC-130W Stinger II
 * 17th Special Operations Squadron, AC-130J Ghostrider
 * 20th Special Operations Squadron, CV-22B Osprey
 * 33rd Special Operations Squadron, MQ-9 Reaper
 * 310th Special Operations Squadron, U-28A
 * 318th Special Operations Squadron, U-28A
 * 352nd Special Operations Wing, RAF Mildenhall, UK (supporting EUCOM, AFRICOM, CENTCOM)
 * 752nd Special Operations Group
 * 7th Special Operations Squadron, CV-22B Osprey
 * 67th Special Operations Squadron, MC-130J Commando II
 * 321st Special Tactics Squadron
 * 353rd Special Operations Wing, Kadena Air Base, Japan (supporting INDOPACOM)
 * 1st Special Operations Squadron, MC-130J Commando II
 * 21st Special Operations Squadron, at Yokota Air Base (CV-22B Osprey)
 * 320th Special Tactics Squadron
 * 492nd Special Operations Wing, Hurlburt Field, Florida
 * 492nd Special Operations Training Group
 * United States Air Force Special Operations School
 * 6th Special Operations Squadron, U-28A, Duke Field, Florida
 * 18th Special Operations Test and Evaluation Squadron
 * 19th Special Operations Squadron, training AC-130U/J, MC-130H, U-28A crews
 * 371st Special Operations Combat Training Squadron, ground training
 * 524th Special Operations Squadron, C-146A Wolfhound, Duke Field, Florida
 * 551st Special Operations Squadron, Cannon AFB, training AC-130W, MQ-9, MC-130J, CV-22B crews

Air National Guard

 * 137th Special Operations Wing, Oklahoma Air National Guard, Will Rogers Air National Guard Base, Oklahoma
 * 137th Special Operations Group
 * 185th Special Operations Squadron, MC-12W Liberty
 * 138th Combat Training Flight, ground training
 * 193d Special Operations Wing, Pennsylvania Air National Guard, Harrisburg Air National Guard Base, Pennsylvania
 * 193d Special Operations Group
 * 193d Special Operations Squadron, EC-130J Commando Solo III

Additionally, the Air Force Special Operations Command would gain the following units from Air Mobility Command or Air Combat Command aligned Air National Guard wings:

 * 427th Special Operations Squadron
 * 123d Special Tactics Squadron, Kentucky Air National Guard, Louisville Air National Guard Base, Kentucky
 * 125th Special Tactics Squadron, Oregon Air National Guard, Portland Air National Guard Base, Oregon
 * 150th Special Operations Squadron, New Jersey Air National Guard, New Jersey
 * 209th Special Operations Civil Engineer Squadron, Mississippi Air National Guard, Gulfport Combat Readiness Training Center, Mississippi
 * 280th Special Operations Communications Squadron, Alabama Air National Guard, Dothan Regional Airport, Alabama

Air Force Reserve Command
The Air Force Reserve Command units of Air Force Special Operations Command are:

 * 919th Special Operations Wing, Duke Field, Florida
 * 919th Special Operations Group
 * 2nd Special Operations Squadron, MQ-9 Reaper, Hurlburt Field, Florida
 * 5th Special Operations Squadron, U-28A
 * 711th Special Operations Squadron, C-145A Skytruck
 * 859th Special Operations Squadron, C-146A Wolfhound

Personnel and resources
AFSOC has about 20,800 active-duty, Air Force Reserve, Air National Guard and civilian personnel.

The command's SOF units are composed of highly trained, rapidly deployable airmen who are equipped with specialized aircraft. These forces conduct global special operations missions ranging from precision application of firepower, to infiltration, aviation foreign internal defense, exfiltration, resupply and aerial refueling of SOF operational elements.

In addition to the pilots, combat systems officers, and enlisted aircrew who fly AFSOC's aircraft, there is a highly experienced support force of maintenance officers and enlisted aircraft maintenance personnel who maintain these complex aircraft and their support systems, a cadre of premier intelligence officers and enlisted intelligence specialists well versed in special operations, as well as logisticians, security forces and numerous other support officers and personnel.

Another aspect of AFSOC is Special Tactics, the U.S. Air Force's special operations ground force. Similar in ability and employment to Marine Special Operations Command (MARSOC), U.S. Army Special Forces and U.S. Navy SEALs, Air Force Special Tactics personnel are typically the first to enter combat and often find themselves deep behind enemy lines in demanding, austere conditions, usually with little or no support.

The command's Special Tactics Squadrons are led by Special Tactics Officers (STOs). Special Tactics Squadrons combine Combat Controllers, Tactical Air Control Party (TACP), Air Force Special Reconnaissance, Pararescuemen (PJs) and Combat Rescue Officers (CROs) to form versatile SOF teams. AFSOC's unique capabilities include airborne radio and television broadcast for psychological operations, as well as combat aviation advisors to provide other governments military expertise for their internal development.

Due to the rigors of the career field, Special Tactics' year-long training is one of the most demanding in the military, with attrition rates between 80 and 90 percent. In an attempt to reduce the high attrition, Special Tactics is very selective when choosing their officers. Special Tactics Officers (STO) undergo a highly competitive process to gain entry into the Special Tactics career field, ensuring only the most promising and capable leaders are selected. STO leadership and role modeling during the difficult training reduces the attrition rate for enlisted trainees.

STO selection is a two-phase process. Beginning with Phase One, a board of veteran STOs reviews application packages consisting of letters of recommendation, fitness test scores, and narratives written by the applicants describing their career aspirations and reasons for applying. Based on Phase One performance, about eight to 10 applicants are invited to the next phase. Phase Two is a weeklong battery of evaluations, ranging from physical fitness and leadership to emotional intelligence and personality indicators. At the end of Phase Two, typically two to four applicants are selected to begin the year-plus Special Tactics training pipeline.

Current
AFSOC regularly operates the following aircraft:
 * AC-130J Ghostrider / AC-130U Spooky II / AC-130W Stinger II
 * CV-22B Osprey
 * C-32 (Boeing 757)
 * EC-130J Commando Solo III
 * MC-130H Combat Talon II / MC-130J Commando II
 * C-145A Skytruck
 * C-146A Wolfhound
 * C-208B Caravan
 * U-28A Draco
 * MQ-9 Reaper
 * RQ-11 Raven
 * Scan Eagle
 * Wasp III

Additionally, AFSOC, through the 492nd Special Operations Wing (as of 2017, and the Air Force Special Operations Air Warfare Center previously), possess and operates a small number of the following aircraft for its special training mission and Aviation Foreign Internal Defense (FID) missions:
 * C-130E Hercules
 * An-26 Curl
 * C-47T Sky Train
 * C-212 Aviocar
 * CN-235-100
 * Mi-17 Hip
 * UH-1H and UH-1N Huey

Future
New AC-130J and MC-130J aircraft based on the Lockheed Martin KC-130J Super Hercules tanker variant are being acquired and sent to certain AFSOC units. MC-130J aircraft have already entered service while the AC-130J continues developmental testing in preparation for an Initial Operational Capability (IOC) with AFSOC projected for FY 2017

Twenty-Third Air Force (23 AF)
In December 1982, the Air Force transferred responsibility for Air Force special operations from Tactical Air Command (TAC) to Military Airlift Command (MAC). Consequently, in March 1983, MAC activated Twenty-Third Air Force (23 AF) at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois. This new numbered air force's responsibilities included worldwide missions of special operations, combat rescue, weather reconnaissance and aerial sampling, security support for intercontinental ballistic missile sites, training of USAF helicopter and HC-130 crewmen, pararescue training, and medical evacuation.

Operation Urgent Fury
In October 1983, 23 AF helped rescue Americans from the island nation of Grenada. During the seven-day operation, centered at Point Salines Airport, 23 AF furnished MC-130s, AC-130s, aircrews, maintenance, and support personnel. An EC-130 from the 193rd Special Operations Wing of the Air National Guard (ANG) also played a psy-war role. Lieutenant Colonel (later Major General) James L. Hobson Jr., an MC-130 pilot and commander of the 8th Special Operations Squadron, was later awarded the Mackay Trophy for his actions in leading the air drop on the Point Salines Airport.

U.S. Special Operations Command
In May 1986, the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act led to the formation of the United States Special Operations Command. Senators William Cohen and Sam Nunn introduced the Senate bill, and the following month Congressman Dan Daniel introduced a like measure in the House of Representatives. The key provisions of the legislation formed the basis to amend the 1986 Defense Authorizations Bill. This bill, signed into law in October 1986, in part directed the formation of a unified command responsible for special operations. In April 1987, the DoD established the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, and Army GEN James J. Lindsay assumed command. Four months later, 23 AF moved its headquarters from Scott AFB to Hurlburt Field, Florida.

In August 1989, Gen Duane H. Cassidy, USAF, CINCMAC, divested 23 AF of its non-special operations units, e.g., search and rescue, weather reconnaissance, etc. Thus, 23 AF served a dual role: still reporting to MAC, but also functioning as the air component to USSOCOM.

Operation Just Cause
From late December 1989 to early January 1990, 23 AF participated in the invasion of the Republic of Panama during Operation Just Cause. Special operations aircraft included both active duty AC-130H and Air Force Reserve AC-130A Spectre gunships, EC-130 Volant Solo psychological operations aircraft from the Air National Guard, HC-130P/N Combat Shadow tankers, MC-130E Combat Talons, and MH-53J Pave Low and MH-60G Pave Hawk helicopters. Special tactics Combat Controllers and Pararescuemen provided important support to combat units.

Spectre gunship crews of the 1 SOW earned the Mackay Trophy and Tunner Award for their efforts, with an Air Force Reserve AC-130A Spectre crew from the 919th Special Operations Group (919 SOG) earning the President's Award. An active duty 1st SOW MC-130 Combat Talon crew ferried the captured Panamanian President, Manuel Noriega, to prison in the United States. Likewise, the efforts of the 1 SOW maintenance people earned them the Daedalian Award.

On 22 May 1990, General Larry D. Welch, USAF, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, redesignated Twenty-Third Air Force as Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC). This new major command consisted of three wings: the 1st, 39th and 353rd Special Operations Wings as well as the 1720th Special Tactics Group (1720 STG), the U.S. Air Force Special Operations School, and the Special Missions Operational Test and Evaluation Center.

Currently, after major redesignations and reorganizations, AFSOC direct reporting units include the 16th Special Operations Wing, the 352nd Special Operations Group, the 353rd Special Operations Group, the 720th Special Tactics Group (720 STG), the USAF Special Operations School and the 18th Flight Test Squadron (18 FLTS). During the early 1990s a major reorganization occurred within AFSOC. The 1720 STG became the 720 STG in March 1992; the transfer of ownership of Hurlburt Field from Air Mobility Command (AMC, and formerly MAC) to AFSOC in October 1992, followed by the merger of the 834th Air Base Wing (834 ABW) into the 1 SOW, which assumed host unit responsibilities. A year later the 1 SOW became the 16 SOW in a move to preserve Air Force heritage.

Meanwhile, the Special Missions Operational Test and Evaluation Center (SMOTEC), which explored heavy lift frontiers in special operations capabilities, while pursuing better equipment and tactics development, was also reorganized. In April 1994, the Air Force, in an effort to standardize these types of organizations, redesignated SMOTEC as the 18th Flight Test Squadron (18 FLTS).

Gulf War
From early August 1990 to late February 1991, AFSOC participated in Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm, the protection of Saudi Arabia and liberation of Kuwait. Special tactics personnel operated throughout the theater on multiple combat control and combat rescue missions. Special operations forces performed direct action missions, combat search and rescue, infiltration, exfiltration, air base ground defense, air interdiction, special reconnaissance, close air support, psychological operations, and helicopter air refuelings. Pave Low crews led the helicopter assault on radars to blind Iraq at the onset of hostilities, and they also accomplished the deepest rescue for which they received the Mackay Trophy.

MC-130E/H Combat Talons dropped the BLU-82, the largest conventional bombs of the war and, along with MC-130P Combat Shadows, dropped the most psychological warfare leaflets, while AC-130A and AC-130H Spectre gunships provided valuable fire support and armed reconnaissance. However, the AC-130 community also suffered the single greatest combat loss of coalition air forces with the shoot down of an AC-130H, call sign Spirit 03, by an Iraqi SA-7 Grail surface-to-air missile. All fourteen crew members aboard Spirit 03 were killed.

Post-Gulf War
In December 1992, AFSOC special tactics and intelligence personnel supported Operation Restore Hope in Somalia. In late 1994, AFSOC units spearheaded Operation Uphold Democracy in Haiti, and in 1995 Operation Deliberate Force in the Balkans.

Operation Enduring Freedom
The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City, and the Pentagon, Washington D.C., on 11 September 2001 pushed the United States special operations forces to the forefront of the war against terrorism. By the end of September 2001, AFSOC deployed forces to southwest Asia for Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan to help destroy the al Qaeda terrorist organization and remove the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. AFSOC airpower delivered special tactics forces to the battle ground and they in turn focused U.S. airpower and allowed Afghanistan's Northern Alliance ground forces to dispatch the Taliban and al Qaeda from Afghanistan. AFSOC personnel also deployed to the Philippines to help aid that country's efforts against terrorism.

US Air Force Special Operations had a long-term presence in the Philippines during Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines.

Operation Iraqi Freedom
In March 2003, AFSOC again deployed forces to southwest Asia this time in support of what would become Operation Iraqi Freedom – the removal of Saddam Hussein and his Baathist government. The command's personnel and aircraft teamed with SOF and conventional forces to quickly bring down Saddam Hussein's government by May 2003. AFSOC forces continued to conduct operations in support of the new Iraqi government against insurgents and terrorists.

Interoperability and Multinational trainings
The USAFSOC takes part in the multinational trainings at the King Abdullah II Special Operations Training Centre in which it trains in multiple scenarios with partner nations in order to increase interoperability between partner forces.

Commanders
AFSOC has had eleven commanders since its inception in 1990.

title: Air Force Special Operations Command