text:
Little Joe (rocket)

Little Joe was a solid-fueled booster rocket used by NASA for eight launches from 1959 to 1961 from Wallops Island, Virginia to test the launch escape system and heat shield for Project Mercury capsules, as well as the name given to the test program using the booster. The first rocket designed solely for crewed spacecraft qualifications, Little Joe was also one of the pioneer operational launch vehicles using the rocket cluster principle.

The Little Joe name has been attributed to Maxime Faget at NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. He based the name on four large fins which reminded him of a slang term for a roll of four in craps.

A successor, Little Joe II, was used for flight testing of the Apollo launch escape system from 1963 to 1966.

Background
When NASA needed a booster for Project Mercury, the agency found that the Atlas rockets would cost approximately US$2.5 million each and that even the Redstone would cost about $1 million per launch. The managers of the Mercury program recognized that the numerous early test flights would have to be accomplished by a far less expensive booster system, so NASA designed the Little Joe rocket which cost $200,000 each.

In January 1958, Max Faget and Paul Purser had worked out in considerable detail on paper how to cluster four of the solid-fuel Sergeant rockets, in standard use at the Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, to boost a crewed nose cone above the stratosphere. Faget's short-lived "High Ride" proposal had suffered from comparisons with "Project Adam" at that time, but in August 1958 William Bland and Ronald Kolenkiewicz had returned to their preliminary designs for a cheap cluster of solid rockets to boost full-scale and full-weight model capsules above the atmosphere. As drop tests of boilerplate capsules provided new aerodynamic data on the dynamic stability of the configuration in free-fall, the need for comparable data on the powered phase quickly became apparent. So in October 1958, a NASA team prepared new engineering layouts and estimates for the mechanical design of the booster structure and a suitable launcher.

As the blueprints for this cluster of four rockets began to emerge from their drawing boards, the designers' nickname for their project gradually was adopted. Since their first cross-section drawings showed four holes, they called the project "Little Joe," from the craps throw of a double deuce on the dice. Although four smaller circles were added later to represent the addition of Recruit rocket motors, the original name stuck. The appearance on engineering drawings of the four large stabilizing fins protruding from its airframe also helped to perpetuate the name Little Joe had acquired.

The primary purpose of this relatively small and simple booster system was to save money—by allowing numerous test flights to qualify various solutions to the myriad problems associated with the development of crewed space flight, especially the problem of escaping from an explosion at or during launch. Capsule aerodynamics under actual reentry conditions was another primary concern. To gain this kind of experience as soon as possible, its designers had to keep the clustered booster simple in concept; it should use solid fuel and existing proven equipment whenever possible, and should be free of any electronic guidance and control systems.

The designers made the Little Joe booster assembly to approximate the same performance that the Army's Redstone booster would have with the capsule payload. But in addition to being flexible enough to perform a variety of missions, Little Joe could be made for about one-fifth the basic cost of the Redstone, would have much lower operating costs, and could be developed and delivered with much less time and effort. And, unlike the larger launch vehicles, Little Joe could be shot from the existing facilities at Wallops Island.

Launch vehicle development
Twelve companies responded during November 1958 to the invitations for bids to construct the airframe of Little Joe. The technical evaluation of these proposals was carried on in much the same manner as for the spacecraft, except that Langley Research Center itself carried the bulk of the administrative load. The Missile Division of North American Aviation won the contract on December 29, 1958; and began work immediately in Downey, California, on its order for seven booster airframes and one mobile launcher.

The primary mission objectives for Little Joe as seen in late 1958 (in addition to studying the capsule dynamics at progressively higher altitudes) were to test the capsule escape system at maximum dynamic pressure, to qualify the parachute system, and to verify search and retrieval methods. But since each group of specialists at work on the project sought to acquire firm empirical data as soon as possible, more exact priorities had to be established. The first flights were to secure measurements of inflight and impact forces on the capsule; later flights were to measure critical parameters at the progressively higher altitudes of 20,000, 250,000, and 500,000 feet (6, 75, and 150 km). The minimum aims of each Little Joe shot could be supplemented from time to time with studies of noise levels, heat and pressure loads, heat shield separation, and the behavior of animal riders, so long as the measurements could be accomplished with minimum telemetry. Since all the capsules boosted by the Little Joe rockets were expected to be recovered, onboard recording techniques would also contribute to the simplicity of the system.

The first of only two booster systems designed specifically and solely for crewed capsule qualifications, Little Joe was also one of the pioneer operational launch vehicles using the rocket cluster principle. Since the four modified Sergeants (called either Castor or Pollux rockets, depending upon modification) and four supplemental Recruit rockets were arranged to fire in various sequences, the takeoff thrust varied greatly, but maximum design thrust was almost 230,000 pounds (1,020 kilonewtons). Theoretically enough to lift a spacecraft of about 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg) on a ballistic path over 100 miles (160 km) high, the push of these clustered main engines should simulate the takeoff profile in the environment that the crewed Atlas would experience. Furthermore, the additional powerful explosive pull of the tractor-rocket escape system could be demonstrated under the most severe takeoff conditions imaginable. The engineers who mothered Little Joe to maturity knew it was not much to look at, but they hoped that their ungainly rocket would prove the legitimacy of most of the ballistic capsule design concepts, thereby earning its own honor. A successor, Little Joe II, would later be used for flight testing of the Apollo crew escape system.

Flights
As of 21 January 1960, the Little Joe series of five actual and attempted flights had expended four of the six test boosters North American had made for NASA and five prototype capsules made in the Langley shops. The primary test objectives for these solid-fuel-boosted models were an integral part of the development flight program conducted within NASA by the Space Task Group, with Langley and Wallops support. Now only two Little Joe boosters remained for the qualification flight tests. North American had manufactured seven Little Joe airframes, but one of these had been retained at the plant in Downey, California, for static loading tests. STG ordered the refurbishment of this seventh airframe so as to have three Little Joe boosters for the qualification flight program. The success of Little Joe 1B in January 1960 meant that the next flight, the sixth, to be known as Little Joe 5, would be the first to fly a real Mercury capsule from the McDonnell production line. In passing from development flight tests with boilerplate models to qualification flight tests with the "real McDonnell" capsule, the Space Task Group moved further away from research into the development and toward operations.

Mission numbering
The official Mercury mission numbering designation was a two-letter designation that corresponded to the launch vehicle type, followed by a dash then a digit indicating the particular set of flight objectives, and an optional letter used to distinguish further flights to accomplish those objectives. So the official designation for the first Little Joe flight was "LJ-1." Flights did not occur in numeric sequence as the project schedule was adapted as it progressed. The actual flight order was:

Specifications

 * Little Joe I
 * Thrust: 235,000 lbf (1,044 kN)
 * Length: 15.2 m
 * Diameter: 2.03 m
 * Fin Span: 6.5 m
 * Weight: 28,000 lb (12,700 kg)
 * Fuel: Solid
 * Burn Time: ~40 s
 * Recruit rocket (Thiokol XM19)
 * Thrust: 37,500 lbf (167 kN)
 * Length: 2.7 m
 * Diameter: 0.23 m
 * Weight: 350 lb (159 kg)
 * Fuel: Solid
 * Burn Time: 1.53 s
 * Castor rocket (Thiokol XM33)
 * Thrust: 58,200 lbf (259 kN)
 * Length: 6.04 m
 * Diameter: 0.79 m
 * Weight: 9,753 lb (4,424 kg)
 * Fuel: Solid
 * Burn Time: 37 s

title: Little Joe (rocket)


text:
Francis S. White

Francis Shelley White (March 13, 1847 – August 1, 1922) was a U.S. senator from the state of Alabama. Born in Noxubee County, Mississippi, he became a lawyer and served in the Civil War. He was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives and then moved to Birmingham, Alabama to practice law. He was elected to fill the term left by the death of Joseph F. Johnston and served from May 11, 1914, to March 4, 1915. He did not run for reelection. His interment was located in Birmingham's Elmwood Cemetery.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Francis S. White


text:
Tokyo Story

is a 1953 Japanese drama film directed by Yasujirō Ozu and starring Chishū Ryū and Chieko Higashiyama, about an aging couple who travel to Tokyo to visit their grown children.

Upon release, it did not immediately gain international recognition and was considered "too Japanese" to be marketable by Japanese film exporters. It was screened in 1957 in London, where it won the inaugural Sutherland Trophy the following year, and received praise from U.S. film critics after a 1972 screening in New York City.

Tokyo Story is widely regarded as Ozu's masterpiece and one of the greatest films in the history of cinema. It was voted the greatest film of all time in the 2012 edition of a poll of film directors by Sight and Sound magazine.

Plot summary
Retired couple Shūkichi and Tomi Hirayama live in Onomichi in western Japan with their daughter Kyōko, a primary school teacher. They have five adult children, four of whom are living. The couple travel to Tokyo to visit their son, daughter, and widowed daughter-in-law.

Their eldest son, Kōichi, is a physician who runs a small clinic in Tokyo's suburbs, and their eldest daughter, Shige, runs a hairdressing salon. Kōichi and Shige are both busy and do not have much time for their parents. Only their widowed daughter-in-law, Noriko, the wife of their middle son Shōji, who was missing in action and presumed dead during the Pacific War, goes out of her way to entertain them. She takes time from her busy office job to take Shūkichi and Tomi on a sightseeing tour of metropolitan Tokyo.

Feeling conflicted that they do not have time to entertain them, Kōichi and Shige pay for their parents to stay at a hot spring spa at Atami, but they return early because the nightlife disturbs their sleep. Tomi also has an unexplained dizzy spell. Upon returning, a frustrated Shige explains she sent them to Atami because she wanted to use their bedroom for a meeting; the elderly couple has to leave for the evening. Tomi goes to stay with Noriko, with whom she deepens their emotional bond, and advises her to remarry. Shūkichi, meanwhile, gets drunk with some old friends from Onomichi. The three men drunkenly ramble about their children and lives. A policeman brings Shūkichi and one of his friends to Shige's salon. Shige is outraged her father is lapsing into the alcoholic ways that overshadowed her childhood.

The couple remarks on how their children have changed, returning home earlier than planned, intending to see their younger son Keizō when the train stops in Osaka. However, Tomi suddenly becomes ill during the journey and they decide to disembark the train, staying till she feels better the next day. They return to Onomichi, and Tomi falls critically ill. Kōichi, Shige, and Noriko rush to Onomichi to see Tomi, who dies shortly afterwards. Keizō arrives too late, as he has been away on business.

After the funeral, Kōichi, Shige, and Keizō leave immediately; only Noriko remains. After they leave, Kyōko criticises her siblings over their selfishness toward their parents. She believes that Kōichi, Shige, and Keizō do not care how hard it will be for their father now that he has lost their mother. She is also upset at Shige for asking so quickly for Tomi's clothes as keepsakes. Noriko responds that while she understands Kyōko's disappointment, everyone has their own life and the growing chasm between parents and children is inevitable. She convinces Kyōko not to be too hard on her siblings because one day she will understand how hard it is to take time away from one's own life.

After Kyōko leaves for school, Noriko informs her father-in-law that she must return to Tokyo that afternoon. Shūkichi tells her that she has treated them better than their own children despite not being a blood relation. Noriko protests that she is selfish and has not always thought about her missing husband, and Shūkichi credits her self-assessment to humility. He gives her a watch from the late Tomi as a memento. Noriko cries and confesses her loneliness; Shūkichi encourages her to remarry as soon as possible, wanting her to be happy. Noriko travels from Onomichi back to Tokyo, contemplating the watch, while Shūkichi remains behind, resigned to the solitude he must endure.

Cast

 * Chishū Ryū as
 * Chieko Higashiyama as
 * Setsuko Hara as
 * Haruko Sugimura as
 * So Yamamura as
 * Kuniko Miyake as
 * Kyōko Kagawa as
 * Eijirō Tōno as
 * Nobuo Nakamura as
 * Shirō Ōsaka as
 * Hisao Toake as
 * Teruko Nagaoka as
 * Mutsuko Sakura as a patron of the Oden Restaurant
 * Toyo Takahashi as Shūkichi Hirayama's neighbour
 * Tōru Abe as a railway employee

 * Sachiko Mitani as Noriko's neighbour
 * Zen Murase as Minoru Hirayama, Kōichi's son
 * Mitsuhiro Mori as Isamu Hirayama, Kōichi's son
 * Junko Anami as a beauty salon assistant
 * Ryōko Mizuki as a beauty salon client
 * Yoshiko Togawa as a beauty salon client
 * Kazuhiro Itokawa as a student
 * Keijirō Morozumi as a police agent
 * Tsutomu Nijima as Noriko's office boss
 * Shōzō Suzuki as Noriko's office colleague
 * Yoshiko Tashiro as a hotel maid
 * Haruko Chichibu as a hotel maid
 * Takashi Miki as a singer
 * Binnosuke Nagao as the doctor at Onomichi

Production
Tokyo Story was inspired by the 1937 American film Make Way for Tomorrow, directed by Leo McCarey, which it loosely adapts to the Japanese context and Ozu’s style. Noda, a long-time collaborator of Ozu, initially suggested the plot of the older film to Ozu, who had not seen it. Noda remembered it from its initial release in Japan. Both films depict an elderly couple, their problems with family and travelling to visit their children. Differences include the older film taking place in Depression-era US, with the couple's problem being economical and Tokyo Story taking place in post-war Japan, where the problems are cultural and emotional. The films end differently. David Bordwell wrote that Ozu "re-cast" the original film instead of adapting it.

The script was developed by Ozu and Noda over a period of 103 days in a ryokan called Chigasakikan in Chigasaki, Kanagawa. Ozu, Noda and cinematographer Yūharu Atsuta scouted locations in Tokyo and Onomichi for another month before shooting started. Shooting and editing took place from July to October 1953. Filming locations were in Tokyo (Adachi, Chūō, Taitō and Chiyoda), Onomichi, Atami and Osaka. Among the major cast members only Ryū, Hara and Kagawa participated in the Onomichi location. All indoor scenes, except those at the Tokyo Station waiting area and in a passenger car, were shot at the Shochiku Ōfuna Studio in Kamakura, Kanagawa. Ozu used the same film crew and actors he had worked with for many years. Actor Chishū Ryū said Ozu was always happiest when finishing the final draft of a script and there were never any changes to the final draft.

Style and themes
Like all of Ozu's sound films, Tokyo Story's pacing is slow, though Ozu called it his film "that tends most strongly to melodrama." In his narrative storytelling, Ozu often had certain key scenes take place off camera, with the viewer only learning about them through the characters' dialogue. For example, the train journeys to and from Tokyo are not depicted, the audience never sees Shūkichi and Tomi visit their son Keizō, and Tomi's illness begins off-screen.

Ozu favored a stationary camera and believed strongly in minimalism. A distinctive camera style is used, in which the camera height is low and almost never moves; film critic Roger Ebert noted that the camera moves once in the film, which is "more than usual" for an Ozu film. The low camera positions are reminiscent of sitting on a traditional Japanese tatami mat. Ozu rarely shot master shots and often broke the 180-degree rule of filmmaking and screen direction. Characters, who often sit side by side in scenes, often appear to be facing the same direction when speaking to each other, such as in the first scene with Shūkichi and Tomi. During some transitions, characters exit a scene screen right and then enter the next scene screen right.

David Desser has compared the film's style and "de-emphasized plot" to Zen Buddhism and the modern world's fascination with surface value and materialism. Many of the transitional shots are still lifes of non-human subjects, such as smokestacks and landscapes.

Themes in the film include the break-up and Westernization of the traditional Japanese family after World War II and the inevitability of children growing apart from their parents. It contrasts the urban life of the children in Tokyo with the rural life of their parents. The film takes place in 1953 post-war Japan, a few years after the new Civil Code of 1948 stimulated the country's rapid re-growth and embraced Western capitalist ideals, while simultaneously destroying older traditions such as the Japanese family and its values. Ozu was very close to his own mother, living with her as a surrogate wife and never marrying. It is considered a Shomin-geki film for its depiction of ordinary people.

Release and reception
Tokyo Story was released on November 3, 1953, in Japan. The following year Haruko Sugimura won the Mainichi Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as the eldest daughter Shige.

It was screened at the National Film Theatre in London in 1957. It is Ozu's best known film in both the East and the West. After the success of Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon at the 1951 Venice Film Festival, Japanese films began getting international distribution. However Japanese film exporters considered Ozu's work "too Japanese" and unmarketable. It was not until the 1960s that Ozu's films began to be screened in New York City at film festivals, museums, and theaters.

In 1958, it was awarded the first Sutherland Trophy for the most original and creative film. UK critic Lindsay Anderson wrote that "It is a film about relationships, a film about time, and how it affects human beings (particularly parents and children) and how we must reconcile ourselves to its workings."

After a screening at the New Yorker Theatre in 1972, it received rave reviews from prominent critics who were unfamiliar with the film or Ozu. Charles Micherer of Newsweek said it was "like a Japanese paper flower that is dropped into water and then swells to fill the entire container with its beauty." Stanley Kauffmann put it on his 10 Best list of 1972 and wrote "Ozu, a lyrical poet, whose lyrics swell quietly into the epic."

Box office
In Japan, it was the eighth highest-grossing film of 1953 with ¥131.65 million in distributor rental earnings. In France, the film sold 84,646 tickets upon release in 1978. In other European countries, the film sold 92,810 tickets between 1996 and 2021, for a combined 0 tickets sold in Europe.

Critical reception
It is also ranked #1 on Metacritic's Filtered "Best Movies of All Time". John Walker, former editor of the Halliwell's Film Guides, places Tokyo Story at the top of his published list of the best 1000 films ever made. Tokyo Story is also included in film critic Derek Malcolm's The Century of Films, a list of films which he deems artistically or culturally important, and Time magazine lists it among its All-Time 100 Movies. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times included it in his series of great movies, and Paul Schrader placed it in the "Gold" section of his Film Canon. Martin Scorsese included it on a list of "39 Essential Foreign Films for a Young Filmmaker."

Arthur Nolletti Jr, writing an essay in the book titled Ozu's Tokyo Story compared the film to its USA predecessor film, McCarey's 1937 Make Way for Tomorrow, and indicates that: "David Bordwell sees Ozu as 'recasting' the American film – borrowing from it, adapting it – and briefly mentions that there are similarities in story, theme and plot structure. Indeed these similarities are striking. Both films focus on an elderly couple who discover that their grown children regard them as a burden; both films are structured as journeys in which the couple are shuffled from one household to another; both films explore much of the same thematic material (e.g., sibling self-centeredness and parental disillusionment); and both films are about the human condition – the cyclical pattern of life with its concomitant joys and sorrows – and the immediate social realities that affect and shape that condition: in McCarey's film, The Great Depression; in Ozu's, the intensified postwar push toward industrialization. Primarily sober in tone but possessing rich and gentle humor, both films belong to a genre that in Japanese cinema is called shomin-geki, films dealing with the everyday lives of the lower middle classes."

Tokyo Story is often admired as a work that achieves great emotional effect while avoiding melodrama. Critic Wally Hammond stated that "the way Ozu builds up emotional empathy for a sense of disappointment in its various characters is where his mastery lies." Roger Ebert wrote that the work "lacks sentimental triggers and contrived emotion; it looks away from moments a lesser movie would have exploited. It doesn't want to force our emotions, but to share its understanding." In The Village Voice, Eric Hynes argued that "time itself is [Ozu]'s most potent weapon. Protracted sequences make you impatient for forward motion, but then, in an instant, you’re left to mourn beauties hastened away." In 2010, David Thomson rhetorically asked whether any other family drama in cinematic history was more moving than Tokyo Story. Ebert called Ozu "universal", reported having never heard more weeping in an audience than during its showing, and later stated that the work "ennobles the cinema. It says, yes, a movie can help us make small steps against our imperfections." The Village Voice ranked the film at number 36 in its Top 250 "Best Films of the Century" list in 1999, based on a poll of critics.

Tokyo Story was voted at No. 14 on the list of "100 Greatest Films" by the prominent French magazine Cahiers du Cinéma in 2008. In 2009 the film was named The Greatest Japanese Film of All Time by Japanese film magazine Kinema Junpo. Entertainment Weekly voted it the 95th Greatest film of all time. Since 1992, the film has appeared consistently in the British Film Institute's "polls of the greatest films" of directors and critics published in Sight and Sound. On the critics' poll, it was third in 1992, fifth in 2002, and third again in 2012. On the directors' poll, it was 17th in 1992, tied at number 16 with Psycho and The Mirror in 2002, and in 2012 it topped the poll, receiving 48 votes out of the 358 directors polled. In 2022, it was 4th in both the critics' and directors' polls. In 2010, The Guardian ranked the film 4th in its list of 25 greatest arthouse films. It ranked 3rd in BBC's 2018 list of The 100 greatest foreign language films voted by 209 film critics from 43 countries around the world.

Influence
German director Doris Dörrie drew inspiration from Tokyo Story for her 2008 film Cherry Blossoms, which follows a similar storyline.

In 2013 Yōji Yamada remade the film as Tōkyō Kazoku.

Home media
The film was restored and released on DVD and Blu-ray by The Criterion Collection (Region 1) and by Tartan Video in Region 2. In 2010, the BFI released a Region 2 dual-format edition (Blu-ray + DVD). Included with this release is a standard-definition presentation of Brothers and Sisters of the Toda Family.

title: Tokyo Story


text:
13th Airborne Division

13th Airborne Division may refer to:

 * 13th Airborne Division (United States), an airborne formation in the United States Army during World War II
 * 13th Guards Airborne Division, a division of Soviet Airborne Troops which was part of the 37th Guards Airborne Corps

title: 13th Airborne Division


text:
Aeneas Tacticus

Aeneas Tacticus (Αἰνείας ὁ Τακτικός; fl. 4th century BC) was one of the earliest Greek writers on the art of war and is credited as the first author to provide a complete guide to securing military communications. Polybius described his design for a hydraulic semaphore system.

According to Aelianus Tacticus and Polybius, he wrote a number of treatises (Ὑπομνήματα) on the subject. The only extant one, How to Survive under Siege (Περὶ τοῦ πῶς χρὴ πολιορκουμένους ἀντέχειν, Perì toû pôs chrḕ poliorkouménous antéchein), deals with the best methods of defending a fortified city. An epitome of the whole was made by Cineas, minister of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus. The work is chiefly valuable as containing a large number of historical illustrations.

Aeneas was considered by Isaac Casaubon to have been a contemporary of Xenophon and identical with the Arcadian general Aeneas of Stymphalus, whom Xenophon (Hellenica, vii.3) mentions as fighting at the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC).

title: Aeneas Tacticus


text:
Equinox Flower

Equinox Flower (彼岸花) is a 1958 color Japanese film directed by Yasujirō Ozu which is based on a novel by Ton Satomi.

Plot
Wataru Hirayama (Shin Saburi) is a wealthy Tokyo businessman. When an old schoolmate Mikami (Chishū Ryū) approaches him for help concerning his daughter Fumiko (Yoshiko Kuga), who has run off owing to a conflict with her father, he agrees. Finding her in a bar where she now works, he listens to her side of the story. Fumiko complains that her father is stubborn, insisting on arranging her marriage, whereas she has now fallen in love with a musician and is adamant to lead life her own way.

One day during work, a young man named Masahiko Taniguchi (Keiji Sada) approaches Hirayama to ask for the hand of his elder daughter, Setsuko (Ineko Arima). Hirayama is extremely unhappy that his daughter has made wedding plans on her own. He confronts her at home and says that she must not go to work until she sees the folly of her ways. Hirayama tries to find out more about Taniguchi from his subordinate.

Owing to the standoff, his daughter's friend Yukiko (Fujiko Yamamoto) tries a ruse in which she asks Hirayama's opinion concerning a similar situation – her mother forcing her to marry someone she didn't like. When Hirayama advises her to ignore her mother, Yukiko reveals it is all a setup and states that Hirayama has just given his consent to Setsuko's marriage.

Despite the ruse, Hirayama remains unchanged and Hirayama's wife Kiyoko (Kinuyo Tanaka) accuses her husband of being "inconsistent". Even his younger daughter Hisako (Miyuki Kuwano) is on the side of her sister, finding her father too old-fashioned. Finally, after the couple's insistence on getting married, Hirayama decides to give in by attending his daughter's wedding.

After the wedding, Mikami reveals that he, like Hirayama, has agreed to let his daughter select her own marriage partner. After going for a short business trip outside Tokyo, Hirayama decides to visit the newly-weds at Hiroshima by train, where Taniguchi is stationed by his company.

Cast

 * Ineko Arima - Setsuko Hirayama
 * Fujiko Yamamoto - Yukiko Sasaki
 * Yoshiko Kuga - Fumiko Mikami
 * Shin Saburi - Wataru Hirayama
 * Kinuyo Tanaka - Kiyoko Hirayama
 * Miyuki Kuwano - Hisako Hirayama
 * Chishū Ryū - Shukichi Mikami
 * Keiji Sada - Masahiko Taniguchi
 * Teiji Takahashi - Shotaru Kondo
 * Chieko Naniwa - Hatsu Sasaki
 * Fumio Watanabe - Ichiro Nagamura
 * Nobuo Nakamura - Toshihiko Kawai
 * Ryūji Kita - Heinosuke Horie
 * Ureo Egawa - Schoolmate at alumni reunion
 * Tsûsai Sugawara - Schoolmate at alumni reunion

Production
It is Yasujirō Ozu's first film in color, while Japan's first color film, Keisuke Kinoshita's Carmen Comes Home, had been released in 1951. Ozu chose Agfa film from Germany over Kodak or Fujifilm, as he felt that it conveyed red colors better. The meaning of "equinox flower" or "higanbana" of the title is the red Lycoris.

Shochiku requested that Ozu shoot Equinox Flower in color primarily to showcase Fujiko Yamamoto, the Daiei superstar it had borrowed for the film. The movie is constructed to spotlight the actress, who is elevated with extended dialogue scenes as a protégé of Hirayama who drives the plot resolution from the sidelines, and she won the 1958 Blue Ribbon Award as Best Actress for Equinox Flower and The Snowy Heron, which featured her in a much showier starring role. Yamamoto also receives what may be the only solo screen credit in any of Ozu's films, which starred some of the biggest names in Japanese cinema.

Critical reception
Equinox Flower garnered 88% approval on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 7.4/10. Dave Kehr praised the film as "gentle, spare, and ultimately elusive, in a quietly satisfying way." Equinox Flower received four votes in the 2012 Sight & Sound critics' poll of the world's greatest films. Roger Ebert wrote, " In Equinox Flower, a Japanese film by the old master Yasujiro Ozu, there is this sequence of shots: A room with a red teapot in the foreground. Another view of the room. The mother folding clothes. A shot down a corridor with a mother crossing it at an angle, and then a daughter crossing at the back. A reverse shot in the hallway as the arriving father is greeted by the mother and daughter. A shot as the father leaves the frame, then the mother, then the daughter. A shot as the mother and father enter the room, as in the background the daughter picks up the red pot and leaves the frame. This sequence of timed movement and cutting is as perfect as any music ever written, any dance, any poem."

Home media
In 2007, The Criterion Collection released the film as part of the DVD box set Eclipse Series 3: Late Ozu.

In 2011, the BFI released a Region 2 Dual Format Edition (Blu-ray + DVD). Included with this release is a standard definition presentation of There Was a Father.

title: Equinox Flower


text:
Hawker

Hawker or Hawkers may refer to:

Places

 * Hawker, Australian Capital Territory, a suburb of Canberra
 * Hawker, South Australia, a town
 * Division of Hawker, an Electoral Division in South Australia
 * Hawker Island, Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica
 * Hawker Creek, Missouri, United States

In business

 * Hawker (trade), a vendor of food or merchandise
 * Hawker Aircraft, a British aircraft manufacturer
 * Hawkers (company), a Spanish sunglasses company

Other uses

 * Hawker (surname)
 * One who practices falconry, hunting with hawks
 * Hawker College, a senior secondary college in the Australian Capital Territory
 * Hawker (dragonfly), a family of dragonflies in North America and Europe

title: Hawker


text:
James L. Pugh

James Lawrence Pugh (December 12, 1820 – March 9, 1907) was a U.S. senator from Alabama, as well as a member of the Confederate Congress during the American Civil War.

Biography

Pugh was born in Burke County, Georgia, and moved to Alabama in 1824. He received a collegiate education, studied law under John Gill Shorter, and was admitted to the bar in 1841. He began to practise in Eufaula, Alabama. He was a presidential elector in 1848 and 1856. He represented Alabama's second district as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives from December 5, 1859, until January 21, 1861, when he retired upon the secession of his state.

He then served as an officer in the Confederate States Army. He was subsequently elected to be the representative from Alabama's 8th District to both the First Confederate Congress and the Second Confederate Congress, serving from February 22, 1862, until the surrender in 1865. Pugh served on the House Committee on Military Affairs throughout both Congresses, where he was a prominent critic of C.S. President Jefferson Davis.

Following the war, he returned to his law practice. Upon the restoration of his citizenship, Pugh was president of the Democratic state convention of 1874, a delegate to the 1875 state constitutional convention, and a presidential elector again in 1876. He was elected to fill the term left by the death of George S. Houston, and was reelected twice, serving in the Senate from November 24, 1880, to March 4, 1897. He lost renomination.

title: James L. Pugh


text:
User:Fabioj

Contributions
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Other
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es:Usuario:fabioj

title: User:Fabioj


text:
Bitter Moon

Bitter Moon is a 1992 erotic romantic thriller film directed by Roman Polanski and starring Peter Coyote, Emmanuelle Seigner, Hugh Grant and Kristin Scott Thomas. The film's French title is Lunes de fiel (a pun on the French phrase "lune de miel", meaning "honeymoon"). It is based on the novel Lunes de fiel by the French author Pascal Bruckner, published in English as Evil Angels. The score was composed by Vangelis.

Plot
British couple Nigel and Fiona Dobson are on a Mediterranean cruise ship to Istanbul en route to India. They encounter a beautiful French woman, Mimi, and that night Nigel chats briefly to her in the ship's bar after seeing her dancing alone. Later Nigel meets her much older and disabled American husband, Oscar, who is a failed writer—acerbic, cynical and jaded.

Oscar invites Nigel to his cabin where he tells Nigel in great detail how he and Mimi first met on a bus in Paris and fell passionately in love. Nigel relates all to Fiona. Both are appalled by Oscar's exhibitionism, but Nigel is also fascinated by Mimi, who provokes him. Later, Oscar narrates how they explored bondage, sadomasochism, and voyeurism. As a contrast to their sexual adventurousness, we see Nigel and Fiona meeting a distinguished Indian gentleman, Mr. Singh, who is traveling with his little daughter Amrita.

Invited by Mimi, Nigel, escaping from a bridge game, goes to meet her in her cabin, but it turns out she and Oscar have played a joke on him. Nigel wants to leave, but another session unfolds, with Oscar describing how their hate/love relationship developed. Bored, he tried to break up, but Mimi begged him to let her live with him under any conditions. He complied, but started to explore sadistic fantasies at her expense, humiliating her in public. When Mimi became pregnant, he made her have an abortion, saying that he would be a terrible father. When he visited her in hospital, he was shocked by her condition and almost relented in his attempts to drive her away. He promised her a holiday in the Caribbean, but he got off the plane just before takeoff. Mimi departed alone, crying.

Leaving Oscar's cabin, Nigel meets Mimi and they kiss. Afterwards, he finds Fiona in the bar flirting with a young man. She warns Nigel not to stray too far, and that anything he can do, she can do better. Nigel goes to Oscar, who continues his narration. After two years of parties and one-night stands, he drunkenly stepped in front of a vehicle by accident. To his surprise, Mimi came to visit him in the hospital where he was recovering from minor injuries and a fractured femur. Mimi shook hands with him, then pulled him out of his bed and left him hanging in his traction device. Having become paraplegic this way, Oscar had no choice but to let Mimi move in with him again and take care of him. She reveled in dominating and humiliating him, seducing men in front of him. When Oscar was desperate and wanted to die, she gave him a gun as a birthday present. Having experienced highs and lows together, they realized they needed each other and actually got married.

Nigel clumsily tries to woo Mimi, encouraged and coached by Oscar. Things come to a head at the New Year's Eve party, when Fiona sees them dance together. Fiona tells him that Oscar had made her come to the party. She goes on to dance erotically with Mimi, which culminates in a passionate kiss, cheered on by the other partygoers. A stormy sea interrupts the party and the two women leave together. Nigel goes outside clutching a bottle of liquor and screams his frustration into the wind and waves.

Nigel finds Fiona in Oscar's cabin, sleeping naked side by side with Mimi. Oscar claims the women have had sex together. Nigel grabs his throat, but Oscar points a gun at him and he backs off. Oscar shoots the sleeping Mimi twice, then kills himself. While the bodies of Oscar and Mimi are being stretchered off the ship, Fiona and Nigel, shaken, embrace each other. Mr. Singh encourages his little girl to comfort them.

Cast

 * Hugh Grant as Nigel Dobson
 * Kristin Scott Thomas as Fiona Dobson
 * Emmanuelle Seigner as Micheline "Mimi" Bouvier
 * Peter Coyote as Oscar Benton
 * Luca Vellani as Dado
 * Boris Bergman as Oscar's friend
 * Victor Banerjee as Mr. Isaiah Singh
 * Sophie Patel as Amrita Singh
 * Olivia Brunaux as Cindy
 * Stockard Channing as Beverly
 * Yse Tran as Eurasian Girl
 * Danny Wuyts as Bandleader
 * Jim Adhi Limas as Thai Maitre D'
 * Heavon Grant as Basil
 * Geoffrey Carey as Neighbour with Door
 * Richard Dieux as Partygoer
 * Patrick Albenque as Steward
 * Robert Benmussa as Flight Dispatcher
 * Smilja Mihailovitch as Bridge Player
 * Leo Eckmann as Bridge Player

Reception
On its release in Europe (in 1992) and North America (in 1994), Bitter Moon was a commercial failure and received mixed reviews from critics. Variety commented that "Roman Polanski approaches rock bottom" and called the film "a phony slice of huis clos drama" with "a script that's all over the map and a tone that veers from outre comedy to erotic game-playing." Janet Maslin wrote in The New York Times: "Whatever else Mr. Polanski may be – nasty, mocking, darkly subversive in his view of the world – he definitely isn't dull. Bitter Moon is the kind of world-class, defiantly bad film that has a life of its own." A positive review came from Roger Ebert, who said "Polanski directs it without compromise or apology, and it's a funny thing how critics may condescend to it, but while they're watching it you could hear a pin drop." Time Out commented that "Polanski treats this slightly protracted tale of erotic obsession partly as deeply ironic black comedy", "rich and darkly disturbing" and "also wickedly entertaining." Reviewing the film in 2009, Scott Tobias wrote: "Bitter Moon is my favorite of the later-period Polanski films...nasty, potent, and psychologically knotty in a way that recalls the devil-may-care, enfant terrible Polanski of old." According to journalist Matthew Tempest, he and film director Christopher Nolan shared "a soft spot" for Bitter Moon as students.

Based on 35 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, 63% of critics gave the film a positive review.

Score
The film's score by Vangelis was never officially released for sale, although bootlegs of the music taken directly from the film itself have since been produced.

Year-end lists

 * 5th – Jonathan Rosenbaum, Chicago Reader
 * 7th – David Elliott, The San Diego Union-Tribune
 * Top 10 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Matt Zoller Seitz, Dallas Observer
 * Honorable mention – Howie Movshovitz, The Denver Post

title: Bitter Moon


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Luke Pryor

Luke Pryor (July 5, 1820 – August 5, 1900) was a U.S. senator from the state of Alabama. He was appointed to fill the Senate term left by the death of George S. Houston and served from January 7 to November 23, 1880, when a replacement was elected. Pryor was a Democrat. He is interred at City Cemetery in Athens, Alabama.

Birth and Parentage
He was born in 1820 in Alabama to parents Luke Pryor and Ann Batte Lane. His father's first marriage was to Martha Scott, a sister of General Winfield Scott. His brother was the noted racehorse trainer John Benjamin Pryor of Natchez, Mississippi.

Life in Alabama
Pryor married Isabella Virginia Harris. They were the parents of 8 children, all born in Alabama. Luke Pryor lived at the Sugar Creek Plantation, in Athens, Alabama, for 40 years before his death. Pryor House, built in 1836, stands as a historic building in Limestone County, Alabama. Pryor studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1841. On the 1850 United States Census his occupation was recorded as "lawyer."

Luke Pryor was an enslaver. On the 1840 Census, six free blacks under the age of 10 were recorded in his father's household, as well as one enslaved male child under ten and an older female between 55 and 100. By 1850, Luke Pryor was recorded as enslaving 39 people between the ages of four months and 70 years; however, in 1860, only two enslaved people were recorded in his household. The American Civil War did not begin until April 12, 1861, and slavery was not completely abolished until 1865 after the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment.

title: Luke Pryor


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Talk:TN

Tamil Nadu is a large state in the Union of India... it's on the eastern coast, and stretches from the southern tip of the country upwards for about 25% of the coast's length. The native language is Tamil, and 'Tamil Nadu' means 'Tamil Country'...

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (separate posting)

another TN use is for Telephone Number. US telephone companies also use BTN for BILLING TELEPHONE NUMBER. 24.151.8.3 (talk) 22:42, 7 January 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:TN


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User:Pwcbball

Joined on 7/20/2004.

Contributions

title: User:Pwcbball


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Award numerals

An Arabic numeral device or numeral device sometimes called an "award numeral", is a United States Armed Forces service device that may be authorized for wear on specific service ribbons and suspension ribbons of medals. Arabic numeral devices are bronze or gold in color and are $3/16$ inch in height.

Arabic numerals are worn to denote award of a second or subsequent award for which a member has already received the initial decoration or award. The ribbon denotes the first award and numerals starting with the numeral 2 denote the total number of awards. The $3/16$ inch numerals are similar to the $5/16$ inch Strike/Flight numerals worn by the United States Navy and Marine Corps.

U.S. military decorations and awards that may be authorized an Arabic Numeral device are as follows:
 * Air Medal
 * Armed Forces Reserve Medal (only in conjunction with the "M" device)
 * NCO Professional Development Ribbon (numerals indicate the level of the course graduated, not multiple decorations)
 * Army Overseas Service Ribbon
 * Army Reserve Components Overseas Training Ribbon
 * Navy Recruiting Service Ribbon
 * Multinational Force and Observers Medal

With the exception of the Air Medal and Armed Forces Reserve Medal service ribbons and suspension ribbons, the United States Army is the only service branch to currently use numerals on other service ribbons, and the Navy on their Recruiting Service Ribbon. During World War II, some Naval Construction Battalions (Seabees) were issued the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with numerals instead of service stars.

title: Award numerals


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Talk:Bitter Moon

Computer for sex
This is one of the first movies where is it shown that a computer is used for sex. It may even be the first, but there's isn't enough evidence for it. This piece of information relates both to the Digital Revolution and the Sexual Revolution.--Fabrizioberloco (talk) 13:25, 25 July 2018 (UTC)

Separate
THhis movie is not popular enough to merit a seperate entry. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Jimj (talk • contribs).

(Whatever). This is the best copy I could find of *this* version of the poster :-) Dlloyd 06:20, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Rolled back to earlier version, this is the best .jpg, so far... Dlloyd 06:38, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I disagree with the statement that this movie is not popular. Many of my friends regard it as a great film & can quote lines from it in the way that others do with Withnail & I etc. I would go so far as to say it is a cult classic. Too funny Nigel! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 212.85.15.82 (talk • contribs).

 * yes, a very good movie. special. --85.250.71.129 23:54, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bitter Moon


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George E. Spencer

George Eliphaz Spencer (November 1, 1836 – February 19, 1893) was an American politician and a U.S. senator from the state of Alabama who also served as an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Biography
Born in Champion, New York, Spencer was the son of Gordon Percival and Deborah Mallory Spencer. He educated at Montreal College in Canada. After relocating to Iowa he engaged in the study of law. During the Pike's Peak Gold Rush he briefly relocated to Colorado where in November 1859 he founded the town of Breckenridge. He married English author Bella Zilfa in 1862.

Career
During the American Civil War, Spencer enlisted as a captain on October 16, 1862. While serving on the staff of Brig. Gen. Grenville M. Dodge, he requested a transfer to the 1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment, a volunteer regiment made up of Southern Unionists, which did not have a permanent commander. Receiving a promotion to colonel, he led the regiment from September 11, 1863, until his resignation on July 5, 1865.

After the war, Spencer returned to Alabama to practice law. His wife died of typhoid fever in 1867. For a time he served as register in bankruptcy for the fourth district of Alabama.

Elected as a Republican to the United States Senate upon readmission of Alabama to the Union, Spencer served from July 13, 1868, to March 3, 1879. The Ku Klux Klan and their supporters accused him of corruption and rewarding supporters in the legislature with patronage positions, allegations which he denied.

He was appointed a commissioner of the Union Pacific Railroad with help from his previous leader, Major General Dodge. In 1877, he married prominent actress May Nunez, the niece and namesake of one-armed Confederate General William Wing Loring (May's given names at birth were "William Wing"). The couple then spent two years on a ranch in Nevada tending to mining interests before settling in Washington, D.C., about 1880.

Death
Spencer died in Washington, D.C., on February 19, 1893 (age 56 years, 110 days). He is interred at Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia.

title: George E. Spencer


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Talk:List of Arecaceae genera

Untitled
Unless the genera can be arranged alphabetically within each tribe, this listing has limited value - Marshman 03:35, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I have reorganized the list by subfamily according to Uhl and Dransfield (1987) and have added some new species.  SCH ZMO  ✍ 15:06, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

I think that it would be more useful a list of all genera arranged alphabetically. Since some genera aren't listed here, like Voanioala. Berton 17:08, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

Hemithrinax
Since theres a hemithrinax genus page I didnt delete it from the list but this is a probable syn. of thrinax and may need to be removed, as well as the genus article.Mmcknight4 07:44, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

Changes
I've nixed a subfamily and moved a couple tribes around per several studies which I couldn't access completely but which seem to corroborate one another. Excerpts: Mmcknight4 (talk) 21:39, 29 April 2008 (UTC)
 * "The phylogeny supported a new circumscription for the subfamily Coryphoideae, including all taxa previously recognized in Coryphoideae with the addition of the tribe Caryoteae, formerly of the subfamily Arecoideae."
 * "The Ceroxyloideae is a small but heterogeneous subfamily of palms (Arecaceae, Palmae). It includes a Caribbean lineage (tribe Cyclospathae), a southern hemisphere disjunction (tribe Ceroxyleae), and an amphi-Andean element (tribe Phytelepheae), until recently considered a distinct subfamily (Phytelephantoideae) due to its highly derived morphology."
 * "Finally, the subfamily Arecoideae was modified to exclude the tribe Caryoteae and to include the tribe Hyophorbeae."

Update needed
A quite comprehensive classification is present in: Uhl NW & Dransfield J (1987) Genera Palmarum: A Classification of Palms Based on the Work of Harold E. Moore, Jr., Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas, available online in Virtual Palm Encyclopedia, Palm & Cycad Societies of Florida. --Esculapio (talk) 09:18, 27 May 2015 (UTC)

 * Oh yes, update needed ! What a strange classification without any subtribe !? The link is gone.... do you have a new one? RuB (talk) 08:34, 5 November 2019 (UTC)

 * 1987 is much, much too old for a classification, since it's well before the "molecular phylogenetics" era. The use of molecular methods has radically changed many classifications. Peter coxhead (talk) 11:42, 5 November 2019 (UTC)

 * Better to see A New Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family (2006) . And especially the last one Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics  (2016) RuB (talk) 14:46, 23 November 2019 (UTC)

 * However, we need to see this classification used by at least one secondary source, e.g. a taxonomic database, before we can use it. Peter coxhead (talk) 20:20, 23 November 2019 (UTC)

 * I have just updated the list according to Beyond Genera Palmarum (2016). Spindlefolia (talk) 00:55, 16 August 2021 (UTC)

Article updated
The previous version was completedly uncited but was obviously based off Genera Palmarum (2008). The current version, which I have updated, is cleaned up and includes more detailed information form Genera Palmarum (2008). Genera Palmarum is generally considered by specialists in palm botany to be the authority on palm genera taxonomy, with the latest updated edition being the 2008 one (there is also a 2014 reprint, but it is the same as the 2008 edition). There is no need for all subsections for each tribe, so I have removed those. I have also added Lanonia, Saribus, and the monotypic genera Jailoloa, Wallaceodoxa, Manjekia, and Sabinaria, per Baker & Dransfield (2016), which are not in Genera Palmarum (2008) since they were all described after 2008. Genera Palmarum (2008) has a total of 183 genera, but Baker & Dransfield (2016) has revised the number to be 181. Spindlefolia (talk) 00:52, 16 August 2021 (UTC)

 * The previous version had Atitara, but this was not in Genera Palmarum (2008). Also, I'm not sure about the genus Calospatha. Per Baker & Dransfield (2016), genera that have been deprecated since Genera Palmarum (2008) are as follows. Spindlefolia (talk) 02:20, 16 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Ceratolobus
 * Daemonorops
 * Pogonotium
 * Retispatha
 * Pritchardiopsis
 * Wallichia
 * Lytocaryum
 * Solfia
 * PoWO as of March 2024 has:
 * Ceratolobus = syn. of Calamus re-written as historically recognized genus
 * Daemonorops = syn. of Calamus re-written as historically recognized genus
 * Pogonotium = syn. of Calamus made a redirect
 * Retispatha = syn. of Calamus made a redirect
 * Pritchardiopsis = syn. of Saribus
 * Wallichia = accepted article fixed
 * Lytocaryum = syn. of Syagrus
 * Solfia = syn. of Balaka
 * Peter coxhead (talk) 06:56, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of Arecaceae genera


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George Wright (sportsman)

George Wright (January 28, 1847 – August 21, 1937) was an American shortstop in professional baseball. He played for the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, the first fully professional team, when he was the game's best player. He then played for the Boston Red Stockings, helping the team win six league championships from 1871 to 1878. His older brother Harry Wright managed both Red Stockings teams and made George his cornerstone. George was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937. After arriving in Boston, he also entered the sporting goods business. There he continued in the industry, assisting in the development of golf.

Personal life
Born in Yonkers, New York, 12 years younger than Harry, George Wright was raised as a cricket "club pro", assisting their father Samuel Wright as Harry had done. Before George's birth, Samuel Wright's St George's Cricket Club moved from Manhattan across the Hudson River to Elysian Fields, Hoboken, New Jersey, where many New York and New Jersey baseball clubs played in the 1850s. Both boys learned baseball, too, but George grew up with the "national game" and was barely in his teens when the American Civil War curtailed its boom; Harry was already 22 when the baseball fraternity convened for the first time, and 30 when the war ended. George's younger brother Sam Wright also played baseball professionally, with brief appearances in the major leagues.

George was the father of tennis great Beals Wright, a U.S. Championship winner and Olympic gold medalist, and Irving Wright, U.S. Championship mixed doubles champion.

Amateur baseball
At some times during the war, both Wright brothers played for the venerable Gothams, the second-oldest baseball team after the Knickerbockers. According to Ivor-Campbell (1996), George moved from the Gotham juniors to the senior team when he was 15. At 17 in 1864, he was the regular catcher.

Baseball's recovery from the American Civil War was far advanced in greater New York City (always untouched by the military conflict), as the leading clubs played more than 20 National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP) matches, the Gothams 11. George played eight and led the team both in runs, scoring 2.4 times per game, and "hands lost", put out only 2.4 times per game, average being three per player in a 9-inning game. In seven matches infielder Harry was fourth in scoring at 2.0 and second behind George in hands lost at 2.6 (Wright 2000: 91).

For the 1865 season, George was hired by the Philadelphia Cricket Club; that summer he played in five matches for the Olympic Ball Club of that city. The Olympic club was the devoted to games in the baseball genus, established in 1833. At the December annual meeting, the first in peacetime, NAABP membership tripled, including isolated clubs from as far as Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and Chattanooga, Tennessee. Wright returned to the Gothams for baseball; he was 19 and nearing his athletic peak. At the same time, Harry Wright moved to Cincinnati for a job at the Union Cricket Club.

Early in the summer of 1866, Wright moved from catcher for Gotham, which played eight NABBP matches that year, to shortstop for Union, which played 28, the leading number. The Union of Morrisania, now in the New York borough of the Bronx, were another charter member of the first Association, but one that moved toward professionalism in the postwar years, as the Gothams did not. In 1867, he joined the Nationals of Washington, D.C., the oldest club in that city, whose approach to professionalism was arranging government jobs, mainly with the Treasury. He played second base, shortstop, and pitcher in 29 of the 30 matches fully on record and in those matches led the team both in scoring and hands lost. Next year he returned to the Unions for the association's last officially all-amateur season and moved permanently to the shortstop position. In 1868, Wright won the Clipper Medal for being the best shortstop in baseball.

Cincinnati Red Stockings
Meanwhile, George's brother Harry had acquired baseball duties and had organized for Cincinnati the strongest team in the West, led in 1868 by a handful of players from the East — presumably compensated somehow by club members if not by the club. When the NABBP permitted professionalism for 1869, Harry augmented himself and four incumbents with five new men including his brother George, who was highest paid at $1400 for nine months. George remained a cornerstone of Harry's teams for 10 seasons.

Cincinnati toured the continent undefeated in 1869, as George batted .633 with 49 home runs in 57 games. It may have been the strongest team in 1870, but the club dropped professional baseball after the second season.

Major League Baseball
Harry Wright was hired to organize a new team in Boston, where he signed three teammates including George for 1871. The new Red Stockings team just missed winning the first National Association pennant. George suffered a broken leg and missed half the season; one more win would have been decisive in Boston's favor. With some personnel changes, the Boston Red Stockings won the other four NA pennants, dominating so severely in 1875 that they helped provoke a new league. Wright holds the NA career record for the most triples (41), and he led the NA in triples with 15 in 1874.

On April 22, 1876, Wright became the first batter in National League history, and grounded out to the shortstop. Boston trailed badly in the first NL season after the defection of its Big Four western players to Chicago, but rebounded to win again both 1877 and 1878. George Wright had played an even decade for Harry's teams. Another 1869 hire, Andy Leonard, was present for all but the 1871 second-place finish.

The Providence Grays, new in the NL for 1878, hired George to lead the team in 1879. He did as well as possible, wrestling the championship for himself from older brother Harry; for Providence and Rhode Island from older and regionally dominant Boston and Massachusetts. However, Wright & Ditson Sporting Goods was growing, so George returned to Boston for business reasons. He remains the only man to win the pennant in his lone season as manager. Meanwhile, the National League introduced the reserve list system, and Providence listed George, so he was not free to sign with Boston. Until the 1879–80 off-season, every professional baseball player was a "free agent" for every season. During the next two seasons he played only a few games. When Boston changed managers for 1882, Harry signed to lead Providence and inherited the right to sign his brother. George played another season full-time, retiring after the 1882 season with a .301 batting average in the major leagues from 1871.

After Ditson died in 1891, Spalding purchased Wright & Ditson Co in Feb 1892. The name Wright & Ditson Co continued to be used several years after the purchase.

Cricket
In 1882, George Wright took up cricket seriously again with the Longwood Cricket Club of Boston where he dominated local cricket sides with Isaac Chambers, the Longwood cricket pro and greenskeeper, holding up the other bowling end. In 1891, Wright captained the Longwood Cricket Club against Lord Hawke's visiting English side. Wright's side surprised the visiting English first-class players with accurate bowling which kept the tourists in check. In 1892, Wright donated cricket gear to British Guianese (Guyana) cricket players, thereby starting a century-old tradition of West Indian cricket in New England.

Golf
In 1886, Wright obtained what was said to be the first set of golf clubs and balls in the United States and had them on display in the Wright & Ditson sporting goods shop in Boston where a visitor from Scotland saw them and explained the game. In December 1890, Wright and three friends obtained a permit and chopped nine holes in the frozen ground of Boston's Franklin Park, playing two rounds. (Six years later, a public golf course was laid out in Franklin Park. The course, now known as the William J. Devine Golf Course, is the second oldest public golf course in the United States.)

Wright & Ditson became a major seller of golf clubs; early U.S. Open champion Francis Ouimet worked at the store while pursuing his amateur career. Wright later donated the 156 acre, the former Grew estate, for Boston's second municipal course which became the Donald Ross-designed George Wright Golf Course located in the Hyde Park section of Boston.

Baseball legacy
George Wright served on the 1906–1907 Mills Commission that—despite a complete lack of historical evidence—determined that Cooperstown, New York was the birthplace of baseball. President Mills and secretary Sullivan probably did the work, with the others lending gravity and celebrity. (The commission's determination has never been taken seriously by baseball historians and scholars. )

Wright accompanied the United States contingent to the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden where demonstrations of baseball, involving American track and field athletes and a team of Swedish players, were held. Wright umpired one of the games and provided instruction in the game for the Swedish players. Jim Thorpe, winner of the pentathlon and decathlon at that year's Olympics and a future Major League Baseball player, was one of the American players participating in the baseball exhibitions.

Wright was consulted regarding the baseball centennial celebrations of 1939, including the establishment of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown. Soon after his own election to the Hall of Fame in 1937, he died in Boston of a stroke, aged 90. He is buried in Holyhood Cemetery, in Brookline, Massachusetts.

title: George Wright (sportsman)


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Talk:Polish army order of battle in 1939

Untitled
Some links for those who wish to add to this list (mostly in Polish): -- Halibutt 03:39, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * Plan Zachód
 * encyklopedia Kampanii Wrześniowej
 * Plan Zachód

Maybe I missed it here, but I don't see a cav outfit that allegedly attacked Guderian's panzers in '39, the Pomorska Bde. (The attack may be a fiction; I just wonder if the bde is.) Trekphiler 05:26, 23 December 2005 (UTC)
 * See Battle of Krojanty. It is neither a fictional unit nor encounter, although it didn't play out the way that fascist or communist propaganda later implied. W. B. Wilson 12:53, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

B-class review
This article is currently at start/C class, but could be improved to B-class if it had more (inline) citations.--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| talk to me 01:45, 11 May 2012 (UTC)


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User talk:Iediteverything

Little is mentioned about RAF Bomb Disposal, for instance, first german bomb recovered from Sullom Voe by RAF personnel, first capacitor discharger developed at RAF Manby, School of air Armament. First demolition squads all services trained at RAF Manby. During WW2 RAF had many squadrons, including BD Flights that landed in Europe on D Day +2, that scheduled for D Day being sunk before reaching the beach. At this moment only one squadron is in being No 5131, it was at my instigation (whilst WO of the EOD Squadron)the original Squadron number plate was returned to service. For more comprehensive information on RAF EOD e-mail at docknights@talktalk.net 92.25.51.86 (talk) 13:54, 10 June 2010 (UTC)

Ways to improve MotoGP
Hi, I'm ONUnicorn. Iediteverything, thanks for creating MotoGP!

I've just tagged the page, using our page curation tools, as having some issues to fix. Thank you for translating this page, however the translation is very rough. Did you use a machine to translate it?

The tags can be removed by you or another editor once the issues they mention are addressed. If you have questions, you can leave a comment on my talk page. Or, for more editing help, talk to the volunteers at the Teahouse. ~  ONUnicorn (Talk|Contribs) problem solving 14:33, 20 May 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Iediteverything


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Brad Sorensen

Brad Sorensen was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was to delete.

Just a vanity page, as far as I can tell. - Kenwarren 03:47, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * No google links to mydea.ca, no relevant google hits. Delete.  --Robert Merkel 04:11, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmm, I do find this (google cache, since it the page is full of errors for me). Not much for "evidence", but it is something. - sik0fewl 04:58, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * hmm, might be doing worthy things but there is no evidence of notability. "www.mydea.ca" is remarkable devoid of content if you exclude the dicdefs copied from elsewhere, can't see how that helps in the fight against aids. This page: http://www.bradsorensen.com/bradSorensen/about.htm contains a statement from the man himself regarding his notabilty; I think we should go with that. Vanity, ad, delete. Ianb 06:06, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Insufficient evidence of notability, delete. Average Earthman 14:26, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete vanity. -- Cyrius|✎ 05:31, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)


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Category:Moroccan sportspeople

nl:Categorie:Marokkaans persoon uit de sport

title: Category:Moroccan sportspeople


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Joseph Bates (Adventist)

Joseph Bates (8 July 1792 – 19 March 1872) was an American seaman and revivalist minister. He was a co-founder and developer of Sabbatarian Adventism, whose followers would later establish the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Bates is also credited with convincing James White and Ellen G. White of the validity of the seventh-day Sabbath.

Life and work
Joseph Bates was born in Rochester, Massachusetts on July 8, 1792. His father, also named Joseph, was a volunteer in the Revolutionary War and his mother was the daughter of Barnabas Nye of Sandwich, Massachusetts. In 1793, Bates' family moved to the part of New Bedford, Massachusetts that would become the township of Fairhaven in 1812. In June 1807, Bates sailed as a cabin boy on the new ship commanded by Elias Terry, called the Fanny, to London via New York City. This was the commencement of Bates' sailing career. In 1811, Bates was forced into servitude for the British navy and spent time as a prisoner during the War of 1812. After his release he continued his career, eventually becoming captain of a ship. During one of his voyages, he read a copy of the Bible that his wife packed for him. He experienced conversion and became involved in a variety of reforms, including helping to found an early temperance society. Bates became disturbed by the way the sailors (regardless of their religion) were forced to go to Anglican services; later in life he became adamant that the separation of church and state should be upheld. He also was a strong supporter of abolition. In his everyday life as a sailor, he noticed the intemperance of the sailors and the resulting side effects. Many of these problems came from poor rations, but many more were the result of overindulgence by the men. He became one of the champions of health reform; abstaining from all alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine, even becoming a vegetarian. In 1839 he accepted the teachings of William Miller that Jesus was coming soon.

After October 22, 1844, like many other Millerites, Bates sought meaning out of the Great Disappointment. During the spring of 1845, Bates accepted the seventh-day Sabbath after reading a pamphlet by T. M. Preble. Bates soon became known as the "apostle of the Sabbath" and wrote several booklets on the topic. One of the first, published in 1846, was entitled The Seventh Day Sabbath, a Perpetual Sign. One of Bates' most significant contributions was his ability to connect theologically the Sabbath with a unique understanding of the heavenly sanctuary. This apocalyptic understanding of theology would become known as the Great Controversy theme.

Bates initially was skeptical of the young Ellen G. White and her prophetic gift, but became convinced of its truthfulness when he was in the presence of Ellen White when she had a vision of several planets. He contributed to early publications such as A Word to the "Little Flock." Bates was active with the Whites in participating in a series of Bible Conferences held in 1848 to 1850 that has become known as the Sabbath and Sanctuary Conferences. During the 1850s Bates supported the development of a more formal church organization that culminated in 1863 with the formation of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Ellen White rebuked the leaders of the Battle Creek church in 1866 for not having confidence in James White, and Bates is one of those who signed his name to a statement regarding this saying: "'We now accept with deep sorrow of heart the reproof given us in this testimony,'" Testimony for the Church No.13

His tendency to go to extremes was checked by cautions from Ellen White. "I saw that the above named errors of Brother Bates (his position on helping the poor; praying for the sick before unbelievers) and others more dangerous brought confusion and had destroyed James's confidence in Brother Bates;" Manuscript 14, 1850 But in the Advent Review of Dec. 11, 1879, Ellen White promotes Joseph Bates autobiography with these words: "For young people, the Life of Joseph Bates is a treasure;...". He expressed his displeasure at Ellen White for rebuking him in his too extreme diet just one month before he died.

Joseph Bates died on March 19, 1872, in Battle Creek, Michigan. He is buried in Poplar Hill Cemetery in Monterey, Michigan.

Bates' family home at 191 Main St., Fairhaven, MA was purchased by Adventist Heritage and is being restored as a heritage attraction.

Health reform
Bates was the first temperance advocate and vegetarian Adventist. By 1844, Bates had given up all forms of alcohol, tea, coffee, meat, tobacco and "greasy and rich foods." Later Seventh-day Adventists were influenced by Bates' health principles and by the 1860s Adventist publications discouraged the use of alcohol, coffee and tea.

title: Joseph Bates (Adventist)


text: Category:Moroccan people

title: Category:Moroccan people


text:
Spybot – Search & Destroy

Spybot – Search & Destroy (S&D) is a spyware and adware removal computer program compatible with Microsoft Windows. Dating back to the first Adwares in 2000, Spybot scans the computer hard disk and/or RAM for malicious software.

Spybot-S&D was written by the German software engineer Patrick Michael Kolla, and is distributed by Kolla's Irish company Safer-Networking Limited. Development began in 2000 when Kolla, still a student, wrote a small program to deal with the Aureate/Radiate and Conducent TimeSink programs, two of the earliest examples of adware.

Licensing
Spybot – Search & Destroy was formerly released as freeware for personal users (the former freeware edition is now a donationware), with more featureful versions available for purchase. Corporate and technician users have to buy a commercial version. The paid versions contain an anti-virus component that uses the BitDefender engine.

Spybot features
In addition to spyware and adware detection and disinfection, Spybot-S&D can repair the registry, winsock LSPs, ActiveX objects, browser hijackers and BHOs, PUPs, HTTP cookies, trackerware, heavy duty, homepage hijackers, keyloggers, LSP, tracks, trojans, spybots, revision, and other kinds of malware. It can also delete tracking cookies. Spybot-S&D has an Immunize function to block the installation of spyware before it occurs e.g. by modifying the hosts file. A secure file deleter is included. Spybot-S&D was not originally intended to replace but complement anti-virus programs (prior to v. 2.1 'Spybot +AV'), but it does detect some common trojans and rootkits. A free-standing rootkit finder, RootAlyzer, is available.

Some programs are supplied with attached spyware or adware and refuse to run when they are not present; newer versions of Spybot replace the spyware binaries with inert dummies (designed to fool programs which simply check for the presence of the spyware's file).

In order to detect recently created programs efficiently, detection updates are released weekly with other improvements such as added languages and better heuristic algorithms. These updates are downloaded and installed from within the software from a variety of mirrors.

Spybot-S&D is available for all versions of Windows starting with Windows 95. It is supplied translated into many languages and with several skins. Instructions are available on the website to enable users to design their own skins.

Technical support is currently supplied by means of Internet forums and support e-mails (with a usual response time of no more than 24 hours).

Reviews and awards
Versions of Spybot-S&D won awards including the World Class 2003 Awards, the PC Magazine Editor's Choice and PC User Top Buy #1. It has been recommended by ZDNet, the Wall Street Journal, The Guardian, MSNBC, CNN and other reviewers. Although PC Magazine initially rated it highly in 2003, their rating declined to "poor" in 2008 and "dismal" in 2012, improving to "fair" in 2014.

Newer versions of the program (ver. 2.2.25 and ver. 2.4), issued in 2014, received a 5/5 rating from TechRadar. In 2018 TechRadar considered Spybot among 4 of the best anti-malware software available.

Versions
Version 1.5 had better compatibility than previous versions with Wine (software which allows running of Windows programs under Linux), and restores compatibility with Windows 95 which was faulty in 1.4.

Version 1.6 was said by Safer Networking to scan several times faster than version 1.5.

Version 2.4 was released in July 2014.

Conflicts with commercial anti-malware
It was reported in 2009 that several commercial security products required users to uninstall the freely available Spybot S&D when they are being installed or run, due to stated incompatibility with memory-resident "immunizer" TeaTimer (Spybot's real-time protection application).

The makers of Spybot-S&D came into conflict with Norton Internet Security over compatibility issues in 2006. Symantec recommended uninstalling Spybot-S&D before installing Norton Internet Security. According to Safer Networking, no satisfactory explanation was provided to them for this decision. Antivirus professional Mary Landesman suggests a possible explanation may stem from a graphical glitch in TeaTimer module's confirmation dialog. An official explanation from Safer Networking stated that the error was caused by a bug in the program used to build their code. The result of the bug was that users had difficulty enabling Norton Internet Security to make necessary changes to critical registry areas, such as allowing itself to launch on computer startup. Aside from this, Mary Landesman, like Safer Networking, concluded that the two programs had no issue with one another. The bug was fixed in the 1.5 release.

Kaspersky Anti-Virus and Kaspersky Internet Security since version 2009 force users to uninstall Spybot during the installation process, although there is no serious incompatibility yet known. The discussion was concluded in the Kaspersky forum, which said not to install Spybot at all. Kaspersky seems to be reluctant to fix the issue, despite receiving several complaints. Incompatibility between the products might occur when Spybot S&D tries to modify the hosts-file (if selected by the user during immunization), which Kaspersky will interpret as an attempt to harmfully manipulate the file. This can be circumvented by not immunizing the hosts-file in Spybot S&D.

Trend Micro Officescan followed Norton, Kaspersky and McAfee in simply removing Spybot without warning or notification afterwards.

Internet Explorer 8
The immunisation feature of Spybot – Search & Destroy caused Internet Explorer 8 to start slower than expected. Fix KB969897, which resolved this problem while addressing certain other security vulnerabilities, was issued by Microsoft in 2009.

Malicious lookalikes
There are several malicious programs designed to look like this anti-malware software, with similar user interfaces and program file names. Some actually install spyware. These programs are known as rogue antispyware. One such program is "SpywareBot". This program is a known rogue antispyware program, which fraudulently impersonates various anti-malware software including Spybot Search & Destroy. However, this lookalike, unlike Spybot S&D, requires payment.

title: Spybot – Search & Destroy


text:
Mononoke (disambiguation)

Mononoke are a type of spirit in Japanese folklore.

Mononoke may also refer to:

 * Princess Mononoke, a 1997 Studio Ghibli film
 * Mononoke (TV series), a Japanese anime television series
 * Mononoke (software), an experimental Mercurial server

title: Mononoke (disambiguation)


text:
Apparition

Apparition may refer to:

Supernatural

 * Apparitional experience, an anomalous, quasi-perceptual experience
 * A vision, something seen in a dream, trance, or religious ecstasy
 * Ghost, the soul or spirit of a dead person or animal that can appear to the living
 * Doppelgänger, the ghostly double of a living person
 * Bilocation, the ability to be in two places at once

Music

 * Apparition, a 2009 EP by The Contortionist
 * Apparition, a 2022 EP by Jambinai
 * Apparition (The Legendary Pink Dots album), 1982
 * "Apparitions" (song), 1998, by Matthew Good Band
 * "Apparition", a 2006 song by Canadian band Delerium on their album Nuages du Monde
 * "The Apparition", a song by Beyond The Bridge
 * "The Apparition", a song from Iron Maiden's 1992 album Fear of the Dark
 * "The Apparition", a song by Sleep Token from Take Me Back to Eden
 * "Apparitions", a song by Sylosis from Edge of the Earth

Film

 * The Apparition (1903 film), a silent comedy
 * Apparition (1943 film), an Italian comedy film
 * The Apparition (2012 film), a 2012 supernatural horror film
 * The Apparition (2018 film), a drama

Other media

 * Apparition (company), a former U.S. film distribution company
 * Apparition (Harry Potter), a fictional form of teleportation
 * Apparitions (TV series), a 2008 BBC series about an exorcist
 * Phantom Girl (also known as Apparition Girl), a DC Comics superheroine
 * Apparitions, an orchestral work by György Ligeti
 * Apparitions, a 1936 ballet choreographed by Sir Frederick Ashton with music by Franz Liszt

Other uses

 * Apparition Mountain, Alberta, Canada
 * Apparition, the appearance of a comet

title: Apparition


text:
Pritchardia

The genus Pritchardia (family Arecaceae) consists of between 24 and 40 species of fan palms (subfamily Coryphoideae) found on tropical Pacific Ocean islands in Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Tuamotus, and most diversely in Hawaii. The generic name honors William Thomas Pritchard (1829-1907), a British consul at Fiji.

Description
These palms vary in height, ranging from 6 to 40 m. The leaves are fan-shaped (costapalmate) and the trunk columnar, naked, smooth or fibrous, longitudinally grooved, and obscurely ringed by leaf scars. The flowers and subsequent fruit are borne in a terminal cluster with simple or compound branches of an arcuate or pendulous inflorescence that (in some species) is longer than the leaves.

Species
There are 29 known species, of which 19 are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, with the remainder on other island groups. Many are critically endangered. Oahu has the most named Pritchardia species of any of the Hawaiian islands, with nine named species on record in 1980. Eight of those species can be found in the rainy Koolau Range.

 * Pritchardia affinis Becc. – Hawaii Pritchardia (Island of Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia arecina Becc. – Maui Pritchardia (Maui, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia aylmer-robinsonii H.St.John (Niihau, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia beccariana Rock – Kilauea Pritchardia (Island of Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia flynnii Lorence & Gemmill (Kauai, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia forbesiana Rock – Mt. Eke Pritchardia (Maui, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia glabrata Becc. & Rock (Maui, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia hardyi Rock – Makaleha Pritchardia (Kauai, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia hillebrandii (Kuntze) Becc. (Native range uncertain, but believed to be Molokai, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia kaalae Rock – Waianae Range Pritchardia (Oahu, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia lanaiensis Becc. & Rock – Lānai Pritchardia (Lānai, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia lanigera Becc. (Island of Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia limahuliensis H.St.John (Kauai, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia lowreyana Rock – Molokai Pritchardia (Molokai, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia maideniana (Unknown origin, possibly Fiji or Tonga)
 * Pritchardia martii (Gaud.) H.Wendl – Koolau Range pritchardia (syn. P. gaudichaudii) (Oahu, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia minor Becc. – Alakai Swamp Pritchardia (Kauai, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia mitiaroana Dransfield & Ehrhardt (Mitiaro, Cook Islands)
 * Pritchardia munroi Rock – Kamalo Pritchardia (Molokai, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia napaliensis H.St.John (Kauai, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia pacifica Seem. & H.Wendl. (Fiji, Tonga, Samoa)
 * Pritchardia pericularum
 * Pritchardia perlmanii Gemmill (Kauai, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia remota Becc. – Nihoa Pritchardia (Nihoa, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia schattaueri Hodel – Giant Pritchardia (Island of Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia thurstonii F.Muell. & Drude (Fiji)
 * Pritchardia viscosa Becc. – Stickybud Pritchardia (Kauai, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia vuylstekeana
 * Pritchardia waialealeana R.W.Read (Kauai, Hawaii)
 * Pritchardia woodfordiana (Solomon Islands)
 * Pritchardia woodii (Maui, Hawaii)

Formerly placed here

 * Licuala grandis (hort. ex W. Bull) H.Wendl. (as P. grandis hort. ex W. Bull ) (Vanuatu)
 * Washingtonia filifera (Linden ex André) H.Wendl. (as P. filamentosa H.Wendl. ex Franceschi or P. filifera Linden ex André ) (Southwestern United States and Baja California)

Relationship with humans
Native Hawaiians (who call them loulu or noulu) often plant the trees in their traditional homes. They often consume their seeds (known as hāwane or wāhane) raw, use their trunk wood as building material and leaves as roof thatching in houses and temples.

title: Pritchardia


text:
Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad

Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad (عباس محمود العقاد, ; 28 June 1889 – 12 March 1964) was an Egyptian journalist, poet and literary critic, and member of the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo. More precisely, because "his writings cover a broad spectrum, including poetry, criticism, Islamology, history, philosophy, politics, biography, science, and Arabic literature", he is perceived to be a polymath.

Biography
Al-Aqqad was born in Aswan, a city in Upper Egypt, in 1889. His father was a money-changer originally from the Egyptian rural city of Damietta while his mother had Kurdish roots. He received little formal education, completing only his elementary education; he later supplemented his learning by buying books and reading on his own. Unlike his schoolmates, he spent all his weekly allowance on books. He read about religion, geography, history and many other subjects. He was known for his excellent English and French. He was also particularly well-read in German literature.

Al-'Aqqad was also an outspoken political thinker, and was jailed for a time between 1930 and 1931 for criticizing the country's government. In 1942 when the forces of Adolf Hitler advanced on Egypt, al-'Aqqad fled to Sudan due to fear of reprisal for his criticism of Hitler. At the height of Hitler's military advances, al-'Aqqad wrote his scathing work Hitler in the Balance in June 1940 in which he lambasts Nazism as the greatest threat to freedom, modernity and the very existence of man. In addition to his general opposition to both fascism and communism, al-'Aqqad was also both a member of the Egyptian parliament for a time as a member of the Wafd Party, and later a member of the Chamber of Deputies.

He wrote more than a hundred of books about philosophy, religion, and poetry, along with a philosophical study of the Qur'an and various biographies of historic Muslim leaders. He founded a poetry school with Ibrahim Al-Mazny and Abdel Rahman Shokry called Al-Diwan.

Romantic relationships
Al-Aqqad experienced two major romantic relationships in his life. The first was whom he called "Sarah" in his novel of the same name. The second was with the famous Egyptian actress Madiha Yousri. This relationship was ended by al-Aqqad himself, because of Yousri's career as an actress. Al-Aqqad wrote a poetry work about this relationship called Cyclones of a Sunset (A-Asiru Maghrib in Arabic).

It was reported by prolific Egyptian author Anis Mansour and various other attendees of Al-Aqqad's famous 'lounge' that he kept a painting in his bedroom that displayed a beautiful cake with cockroaches crawling over it. Supposedly, Al-Aqqad kept this in his room as 'the first thing he looked at in the morning and the last thing he saw in the evening'. It symbolized beauty and purity (the cake) that is wasted to the glamor of spotlights (the cockroaches) as was the case (as he perceived) with actress Madiha Yousri.

Death
Al-Aqqad died on the morning of 13 March 1964. His body was transported to his hometown, Aswan, for burial on the same day.

In the early 1980s, an Egyptian television series was produced about the life of al-Aqqad, which was titled The Giant (Al Imlaq in Arabic). It starred Egyptian actor Mahmud Mursi.

There is a street in the Nasr City district of Cairo named after al-Aqqad.

Works
Abbās al-Aqqād was "a prolific writer, he authored over a hundred books and several thousand articles", and he is most famous for his Abqarīyat series which consists of seven books cover the life of seven of the most important Sahabah like Abu Bakr and Ali. His works include:
 * The genius of Christ (2001) translated F. Peter Ford, ISBN 1586841041.
 * The genius of Christ (2001) translated F. Peter Ford, ISBN 1586841041.
 * The genius of Christ (2001) translated F. Peter Ford, ISBN 1586841041.
 * The genius of Christ (2001) translated F. Peter Ford, ISBN 1586841041.
 * The genius of Christ (2001) translated F. Peter Ford, ISBN 1586841041.
 * The genius of Christ (2001) translated F. Peter Ford, ISBN 1586841041.
 * The genius of Christ (2001) translated F. Peter Ford, ISBN 1586841041.
 * The genius of Christ (2001) translated F. Peter Ford, ISBN 1586841041.
 * The genius of Christ (2001) translated F. Peter Ford, ISBN 1586841041.
 * The genius of Christ (2001) translated F. Peter Ford, ISBN 1586841041.
 * The genius of Christ (2001) translated F. Peter Ford, ISBN 1586841041.
 * The genius of Christ (2001) translated F. Peter Ford, ISBN 1586841041.
 * The genius of Christ (2001) translated F. Peter Ford, ISBN 1586841041.

title: Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad


text:
Talk:Equinox Flower

Untitled
I don't think this should be a candidate for speedy deletion. It's a real film, and I don't really think it's less notable than, say, Adrien Brody. - Kenwarren 03:53, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Equinox Flower


text:
Yablonoi Mountains

The Yablonoi Mountains or Yablonovy Mountains (Яблоновый хребет, Яабланай шэлэ нуруу, Yaablanai shele nuruu; Яблоны нуруу, Yablony nuruu) are a mountain range, in Transbaikal (mainly in Zabaykalsky Krai), Siberia, Russia. The range is sparsely inhabited with most settlements engaged in mining. The area is especially rich in tin. The city of Chita lies between the Yablonoi Mountains to the west and the Chersky Range to the east.

The Trans-Siberian Railroad passes the mountains at Chita and runs parallel to the range before going through a tunnel to bypass the heights.

Geography
The Yablonoi Mountains stretch for about 650 km in a northeast–southwest direction. They rise mostly in the western part of the Zabaikalsky Krai, with a small section in the southeastern part of Buryatia. The width of the range varies between 20 km and 120 km. The Vitim Plateau lies to the north and the Borshchovochny Range to the east of the range. The tallest peak is Kontalaksky Golets, a "golets"-type of mountain with a bald peak, at 1706 m above sea level.

The Vitim River flows at the northwestern edge of the range, together with its tributaries the Konda and the Karenga, which flow northeastwards. To the southwest flow the Khilok and the Ingoda and in the northeast the Olyokma.

Flora
The slopes of the Yablonoviy Range are covered with larch and occasional fir and silver fir taiga. Pine forests are quite common on the southern slopes of the range. Peaks higher than 1,200–1,400 metres are covered with mountain tundra with bare summits (golets) at higher altitudes.

title: Yablonoi Mountains


text:
Ergoloid

Ergoloid mesylates (USAN), co-dergocrine mesilate (BAN) or dihydroergotoxine mesylate, trade name Hydergine, is a mixture of the methanesulfonate salts of three dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids (dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocornine, and alpha- and beta-dihydroergocryptine).

It was developed by Albert Hofmann (the discoverer of LSD) for Sandoz (now part of Novartis).

Medical uses
It has been used to treat dementia and age-related cognitive impairment (such as in Alzheimer disease), as well as to aid in recovery after stroke.

A systematic review published in 1994 found little evidence to support the use of ergoloid mesylates, concluding only that potentially effective doses may be higher than those currently approved in dementia treatment.

Ergoloid Mesylate Tablets USP for sublingual use contain 1 mg of Ergoloid Mesylates USP, a mixture of the methanesulfonate salt of the following hydrogenated alkaloids: Dihydroergocornine mesylate 0.333 mg, Dihydroergocristine mesylate 0.333 mg, Dihydroergocryptine mesylate 0.333 mg.

It has been used to treat hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin levels).

The use of ergoloid alkaloids for dementia has been surrounded with uncertainties. In 2000, a systematic Cochrane review concluded that hydergine was well tolerated and showed significant treatment effects when assessed by either global ratings or comprehensive rating scales. The small number of available trials for analysis, however, limited the ability to demonstrate statistically significant moderating effects in certain subgroups (e.g. younger age, higher dosage, Alzheimer disease).

Contraindications
Ergoloid is contraindicated in individuals who have previously shown hypersensitivity to the drug. They are also contraindicated in patients who have psychosis, acute or chronic, regardless of etiology. Specific drug interactions are unknown but it has been claimed that there are multiple potential interactions.

Side effects
Adverse effects are minimal. The most common include transient, dose dependent nausea and gastrointestinal disturbances, and sublingual irritation with SL tablets. Other common side effects include:

 * Cardiovascular: orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia
 * Dermatologic: skin rash, flushing
 * Ocular: blurred vision
 * Respiratory: nasal congestion
 * Possible risk of fibrosis and ergotism

As a result of the last-mentioned effects, the use of ergoline derivatives for the treatment of blood circulation disorders, memory problems, sensation problems and the treatment of migraine is no longer permitted in some EU countries because the risks are believed to outweigh any benefits. However, this concern may be unnecessarily suppressing the use of ergoline medications.

Mechanism of action
Despite the fact that this drug has been used in the treatment of dementia for many years, its mechanism of action is still not clear. It stimulates dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors and blocks alpha-adrenoreceptors. Current studies imply that the major effect of hydergine may be the modulation of synaptic neurotransmission rather than solely increasing blood flow as was once thought. A prominent feature that accompanies aging is an increase in monoamine oxidase (MAO) levels. This results in decreased availability of catecholamines in the synaptic cleft. In one study, an interaction between age and hydergine treatment was observed in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum. The hydergine effect was more pronounced in the aged group in the hypothalamus and cerebellum, and more pronounced in the adult in the hippocampus. These findings imply that increased brain MAO activity in aging can be modified by hydergine treatment in some brain regions.

Chemistry
The four constituents differ only in which of four proteinogenic amino acids is used in biosynthesis:

Brand names
Brand names include Hydergine, Hydergina, Gerimal, Niloric, Redizork, Alkergot, Cicanol, Redergin, and Hydrine.

title: Ergoloid


text:
Eberhard of Franconia

Eberhard III (c. 885 – 2 October 939), a member of the Conradine dynasty, was Duke of Franconia, succeeding his elder brother, King Conrad I, in December 918. From 926 to 928, he also acted as ruler of Lotharingia.

Life
Eberhard was the second son of Conrad the Elder and his wife Glismut (d. 924), probably an illegitimate daughter of the Carolingian emperor Arnulf of Carinthia. The Conradines, counts in the Franconian Lahngau region, had been loyal supporters of the Carolingians. At the same time, they competed vigorously for predominance in Franconia with the sons of the Babenbergian duke Henry of Franconia at Bamberg Castle. In 906 the two parties battled each other near Fritzlar. Conrad the Elder was killed, as were two of the three Babenberg brothers. The Babenberg feud ended, when King Louis the Child took the Conradines' side and Conrad the Younger became the undisputed duke of all Franconia.

Upon the early death of King Louis in 911, the Saxon, Swabian and Bavarian princes elected Conrad the Younger King of East Francia. Under the rule of his brother, Eberhard from 913 appeared as count in the Franconian Hessengau and Persgau, 913 and 928 als as count in the Upper Lahngau. He supported his brother against the rivalling dukes Arnulf of Bavaria and Henry of Saxony (Henry the Fowler). In 914 he assumed the office of a Franconian margrave; nevertheless, unable to assert his claims, he had to witness Henry's conquest of the Thuringian lands of late Duke Burchard.

On his deathbed in Forchheim, in December 918, King Conrad assembled the German princes to arrange his succession. According to the medieval chronicler Widukind of Corvey, he persuaded Eberhard to forgo any ambition for the German crown and to urge the Prince-electors of the Empire to choose his former rival, the Ottonian duke Henry the Fowler, as his successor. Eberhard was assigned to personally hand over the royal insignia to Henry at the Imperial Diet, which was held in May 919 in Fritzlar. Conrad considered this to be the only way to end the long-standing feud between Saxons and Franks and to prevent the dissolution of the Empire into smaller states based on the German stem duchies.

Eberhard succeeded his brother as Duke of Franconia and remained a loyal supporter of the new king Henry I. After Henry had reconquered the troubled and restless Duchy of Lotharingia, he also conferred to him the office of a regent in 926. Eberhard quickly stabilized the Lotharingian lands and ruled until in 928 King Henry enfeoffed his son-in-law Gilbert, the husband of his daughter Gerberga.

After Henry's death, however, Eberhard soon came into conflict with the king's son and successor Otto I, who aimed at strengthening the royal authority. In 937 the Franconian duke invested Helmern castle near Peckelsheim, located near the Saxon border and garrisoned by a Saxon burgrave who refused to swear fealty to any non-Saxon. King Otto called the feuding parties to a royal court at Magdeburg, where Eberhard was ordered to pay a fine and his lieutenants were sentenced to carry dead dogs in public, a particularly dishonouring punishment. Infuriated, Eberhard joined Otto's opponents, raising a rebellion in 938 with Otto's half-brother Thankmar and the new Duke Eberhard of Bavaria, the late Duke Arnulf's son. The revolt was soon suppressed; Thankmar was assassinated at Eresburg Castle, and Eberhard of Bavaria was replaced by his uncle Berthold as duke (ruled 938–945).

Following a brief reconciliation with King Otto, Eberhard then allied himself with Duke Gilbert of Lorraine, Archbishop Frederick of Mainz, and Henry, Otto's younger brother, in a new uprising. Their united forces posed a serious threat to Otto's rule; nevertheless, on 2 October 939, the rebels were finally defeated in the Battle of Andernach. Eberhard of Franconia was killed, allegedly by his Conradine relative Count Odo of Wetterau, whereafter his duchy was seized and remained a direct Imperial possession until its dissolution in 1039.

title: Eberhard of Franconia


text:
Talk:Martin Marietta

Untitled
This should really be broken out. -N328KF 03:57, 2004 Jul 21 (UTC)

title: Talk:Martin Marietta


text: User talk:69.151.56.250

title: User talk:69.151.56.250


text:
User:Jdstroy/page.php

Heeyyy....nice... Testing this out on my own user page. Got a little bored... nice... can create "subarticles."

title: User:Jdstroy/page.php