text:
Tod H. Mikuriya

Tod Hiro Mikuriya (20 September 1933 – 20 May 2007) was an American physician and psychiatrist. Known as an outspoken advocate for the use of cannabis for medical purposes and its legalization, he is often regarded as the grandfather of the medical cannabis movement in the United States.

Personal life
Mikuriya was born at his Aunt Mary Schwenk Wallace's home in Brownsville, Pennsylvania, from German teacher Anna Schwenk and civil engineer Tadafumi Mikuriya, an Issei descendant of the Japanese samurai nobility.

Growing up in the Quaker community of Fallsington, Pennsylvania and attending Quaker schools (George School, Haverford College) it was the compromise chosen by his parents that the three Mikuriya children were raised as Quakers. "The Quakers were proprietors of the Underground Railway, I’m proud to say. The cannabis prohibition has the same dynamics as the bigotry and racism my family and I experienced starting on 7 December 1941, when we were transformed from normal-but-different people into war-criminal surrogates." In a 1998 interview, Mikuriya (whose father was a converted Christian and whose mother a follower of the Baháʼí Faith), made a connection between his family background and his views in relation to cannabis. Mikuriya claimed he first heard of cannabis in a children's book in 1959.

In 1951, Mikuriya graduated from a private Quaker preparatory school. He graduated a bachelor's degree from Reed College in 1956 and was drafted into the Army the following year. Mikuriya served at Brooke Army Hospital psychiatric ward before graduating his medical degree in 1962 at Temple University, with an internship at Southern Pacific Hospital (San Francisco) and residencies in psychiatry at Oregon State Hospital and at Mendocino State Hospital.

Mikuriya died at his home in Berkeley, California on 20 May 2007, aged 73, after a long battle with cancer.

Professional career
Mikuriya first directed a center for the treatment of drug addiction in Princeton, New Jersey (1966–1967) before being appointed director of non-classified marijuana research for the National Institute of Mental Health Center for Narcotics and Drug Abuse Studies in 1967.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, he authored a number of academic publications creating the debate on the therapeutic use of cannabis within the medical community,  including proposing cannabis as a substitution agent as well as on issues related to the legality of cannabis.

His 1972 self-published book Marijuana Medical Papers 1839–1972 became a landmark in the modern movement for the legalization of Medical marijuana. Collected from the reference section at the National Library of Medicine it was saved from complete oblivion. Much to the irritation of cannabis prohibitionists, this medical intelligence has been restored for possible alternative medical applications. Mikuriya continued publicating in the 1970s and 1980s.

Clinical practice
Until his death in May 2007, he continued in private psychiatric practice limited to cannabis clinical consultation. He approved marijuana for medical purposes in over nine thousand patients, not solely in terminal cases, but also alleviation of physical and emotional pain in non-terminal cases. The legal situation is extremely complex (see legal history of marijuana in the United States).

His practices are controversial and have drawn him into conflict with authorities. He was on five years probation with the Medical Board of California resulting from prosecutorial manipulation and conspiracy with local, state, and federal law enforcement vendetta starting in 2000. No patients were harmed. There were no complaints from patients, families or community physicians. Only law enforcement in eleven rural northern California counties responded to solicitation by Medical Board investigators and officials in the California Attorney General's office.

Political involvement
Mikuriya vas involved early on in political and civil movements focused on changing cannabis laws. In 1971, Mikuriya joined the group Amorphia, "a special interest group that was spearheading the California Marijuana Initiative." He took part in the redaction of the failed California Prop. 19 in 1972, and helped Dennis Peron redact San Francisco's Prop P which passed in 1991.

He is maybe more known for his involvement on 1996 California Proposition 215. He declared: "As one of the authors of the Prop 215, my claim to fame is getting the phrase ‘for any other condition that Cannabis is helpful’ included."

In 1980, he ran in the House of Representatives elections as a member of the Libertarian Party, against incumbent Ron Dellums, a Democrat, and Republican Charles V. Hughes for California's 8th congressional district seat. He lost, with 10,465 votes, to Dellums' 108,380 and Hughes' 76,580.

Creation of the Society of Cannabis Clinicians
In 1999, Mikuriya founded the California Cannabis Research Medical Group to help physicians share and exchange data about cannabis use by their patients. In 2004, the CCRMG formed the Society of Cannabis Clinicians (SCC) to facilitate voluntary medical standards for physician-approved cannabis under California law (HSC §11362.5).

title: Tod H. Mikuriya


text:
Talk:Christopher Knowles (poet)

Untitled
You forgot to include the bit about how christopher stayed with the hartys on long island for a week in the summer of 2005. They kindly drove him to his place of work every morning and admired his excellent attitude.

From VfD:

Vanity page, evidently created out of a link from Einstein on the Beach. Copy and paste jobs do not articles make. --Ardonik 04:07, 2004 Aug 8 (UTC)
 * Delete non-encyclopedic summary of vanity. SWAdair | Talk  04:09, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup. Thank you, Geogre, for the background info.  SWAdair | Talk  05:47, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, as above. Lacrimosus 09:59, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and cleanup: I'm a huge Einstein on the Beach fan, not so much a Robert Wilson fan.  For those not knowing the background, Einstein on the Beach was a significant opera by Phillip Glass (his breathrough, really), staged and produced by the avant-garde theater director Robert Wilson.  Wilson wanted the text to be entirely unrelated to the logical narrative of Einstein.  He had sort of adopted an autistic boy (Christopher Knowles).  Knowles's random words became part of the libretto for the opera ("We could get some wind for that sailboat").  Were that the end of it, I would say delete.  However, Christopher Knowles wrote a book of poems that was adored by some of the avant-garde, including the major American poet John Ashberry.  Consequently, while I think he is a very minor figure in the avant-garde, he is a notable one.  If we keep to clean, I will pick it up and add the above to the article.  Geogre 13:02, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep and cleanup - libbretists for operas by notable composers are certainly notable in themselves. Cutler 14:11, Aug 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, cleanup. (I suppose nobody who voted to delete bothered to google this guy?) Wikisux 19:00, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, to be fair, he's a tough Google for having a relatively common name, and he's not really a guy who gets his name around. Apparently, his autism is profound, but he has worked with Wilson as recently as an adaptation of Umberto Eco's The Island of the Day Before as an opera. Geogre 19:35, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I did Google him (name in quotation marks gets about 2500 hits, below my personal standard for notability). Seeing that number, I didn't take the time to browse the pages, though.  Geogre's background info, above, caused me to change my vote.  SWAdair | Talk  05:47, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * 2,500 Google hits is a tough standard to meet. If that criterion were applied uniformly, we'd have to delete many thousands of articles. Should I list Cornelis Tromp for deletion? Gdr 14:46, 2004 Aug 9 (UTC)
 * Keep - I came here looking for more info. after reading the Andy Warhol Diaries; I'm adding that as a reference. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Andyschest (talk • contribs) 14:58, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

end moved discussion

Regarding the VfD discussion above, I came here specifically looking for information on Christopher Knowles. I found the article very useful. Ireneshusband 05:31, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Copied contents without attribution? The last part of this article (inserted in the Revision as of 12:11, 14 May 2013) is copied almost verbatim for a New Yorker article by Eric Konigsberg (published in the April 15, 2013 issue). Although that paper is mentioned in the references, the text itself is not shown as coming from there. --LeMiklos (talk) 14:42, 12 October 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Christopher Knowles (poet)


text:
User:Amy88

ME

title: User:Amy88


text:
User talk:Amy88

Image:Mptv1.gif
I deleted Image:Mptv1.gif, because it was broken and didn't display. Could you reupload it? Guanaco 04:16, Aug 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * Im trying but dont know how. Its at IMDB. http://www.imdb.com/gallery/granitz/1659/Events/1659/AsiaArgent_Barso_619165_400.jpg?path=pgallery&path_key=Argento,%20Asia
 * I was about to give up and upload another one. -A m y

This appears to be a strange way of keeping people from copying their images through technological means. The entire photo saves as a 1x1px transparent GIF. Guanaco 04:28, Aug 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * I found another one, but I dont know why itd oesnt show on the page. - A

You seem to have figured it out. Could you go over Copyrights and give Image:AsiaArgento.jpg a copyright tag and information on its source? Guanaco 04:32, Aug 8, 2004 (UTC)

You haven't been given the standard welcome message with all the helpful tips, so here it is:

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

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Again, welcome! — Guanaco 04:36, Aug 8, 2004 (UTC)

Asia Argento picture
Hi! Thanks for uploading Image:AsiaArgento.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much,   – Quadell (talk) (help)   23:07, Nov 4, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Amy88


text: Talk:Marketing research

title: Talk:Marketing research


text:
Tedy Bruschi

Tedy Lacap Bruschi (born June 9, 1973) is an American former football linebacker who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 13 seasons. He played college football for the Arizona Wildcats, where he earned two-time consensus All-American. He was selected by the New England Patriots in the third round of the 1996 NFL draft, and played his entire professional career with them. Bruschi won three Super Bowls and was a two-time second-team All-Pro selection.

He served as the senior advisor to the head coach at the University of Arizona from 2021 to 2023.

Early life
Bruschi was born in San Francisco, California. His paternal grandparents were from Bedonia in Italy (specifically, the frazione of Bruschi di Sopra), while his mother is of Filipino ancestry. He attended Roseville High School in Roseville, California, where he lettered in football, wrestling and track and field (shot put). He was an all-conference selection as a defensive tackle for the Roseville Tigers.

College career
Bruschi attended the University of Arizona, where he played for the Arizona Wildcats football team from 1991 to 1995. In his four-year college career, he compiled 185 total tackles (137 solos), with 74 tackles for losses, six fumbles and recovered five others and tied the NCAA Division I-A sack record with 52 sacks. He was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American in 1994 and 1995, and won the 1995 Morris Trophy as the Pacific-10 Conference's best defensive lineman.

In 1991, he missed the first three games of the season due to a pinched nerve in his neck. He returned and started two games as a true freshman, but suffered a broken left thumb and was redshirted. In 1992, he played strongside outside linebacker prior to his transition to the defensive line in 1993 and started just one of 12 games and still managed to post 4.5 sacks for the season. In 1993, he earned second-team All-America honors after setting a school record with 19 sacks as a sophomore, received first-team All-Pac-10 honors, and was named the Wildcats' most valuable player. His 27.5 tackles for losses and 19 sacks in 1993 were each career highs. In 1994, he was one of four finalists for the Lombardi Award and again was a first-team All-Pac-10 selection. He totaled 39 tackles, including 10 sacks and 15 tackles for losses. In 1995, he totaled 60 tackles (48 solos), including 18.5 sacks and 22.5 tackles for losses. Bruschi was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2013.

1996–2001
Prior to the NFL Draft, Bruschi was invited to play in the East West Shrine Bowl Game.

The New England Patriots selected Bruschi in the third round (86th overall) of the 1996 NFL draft. Coming into the draft he was listed at 6'0 250 pounds and was considered too small to be a defensive end but was a good size to be a linebacker, which is the position that the New England coaches moved him to.

He played for the Patriots from 1996 to 2008. Bruschi never used an agent during his time with the New England Patriots.

In 1996, he played in every game as a rookie, a pass rush specialist who played on many special teams units and finished the season with 11 tackles, including four sacks. He ranked third on the team with 17 special teams tackles, and ran a blocked punt back for a TD in October. Bruschi recorded two sacks in Super Bowl XXXI against the Green Bay Packers, just one shy of the Super Bowl record (Reggie White, 3.0). In 1997, he saw action in every game for the second consecutive season and posted 30 defensive tackles, including four sacks, and added 13 special teams stops. His four sacks and 13 special teams tackles each ranked third on the team, and he also forced two fumbles, and recovered one. In 1998, Bruschi played in every game for the third consecutive year and started the last eight games of the season, including the Patriots wild-card playoff game in Jacksonville (January 3, 1999). He finished fourth on the team with a career-high 81 tackles, including a pair of sacks.

In 1999, he started 14 games at outside linebacker and recorded a career-high 138 total tackles, including two sacks. Bruschi finished second on the team in tackles, despite missing two games due to a right knee sprain. He made his first career interception, one of six passes defensed on the year. 2000 saw Bruschi start all 16 games at weakside linebacker and finished with 105 tackles (68 solos). It was his second consecutive season with over 100 tackles. In 2001, he started nine of 15 regular season games at linebacker and finished third on the team with 73 tackles. He was credited with two sacks, forced three fumbles, recovering one, and two interceptions.

2002–2004
In 2002, Bruschi was voted a defensive captain for the season by his teammates. He ranked seventh on the team with 65 tackles (45 solos) despite missing five games due to injury. He returned two interceptions for touchdowns (at Oakland, November 17, and at Detroit, November 28), the seventh time a Patriot interceptor has reached the end zone twice in a single season and the first time a linebacker has accomplished the feat. In 2003 he started all 16 games at inside linebacker as one of four defensive players to start all 16 games and he was voted a defensive captain for the season by his teammates. He ranked second on the team with 137 tackles (87 solo) and finished third on the team with 16 pass defenses. He was named AFC Defensive Player of the Week in Weeks Two and 14. In the 2004 regular season, Bruschi finished second on the team with 122 tackles (84 solo) and tied for second on the team with three interceptions. His solid play continued in the playoffs, where he finished second on the squad with 23 tackles (18 solo) and added a sack, an interception, a forced fumble and two fumble recoveries. Bruschi was named the AFC Defensive Player of the Week three times in 2004: Weeks 4 and 17 and in the Divisional Playoffs, when he forced a fumble and recovered two fumbles as the Patriots defense held the highly regarded Colts offense to just three points.

2005 stroke
On February 15, 2005, at age 31 and just two days after playing in the 2005 Pro Bowl, Bruschi woke up with symptoms including left sided numbness, weakness, and vision problems. He was taken to Massachusetts General Hospital, where he diagnosed with an ischemic stroke, caused by a blocked artery in the brain. He was found to have a patent foramen ovale, a congenital heart defect that leaves a small hole in the wall separating the left and right atria of the heart. After several months of rehabilitation working with Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital in Boston, Bruschi announced he would sit out the 2005 NFL season.

On October 16, 2005, the Patriots announced that Bruschi had been medically cleared to resume playing football; he rejoined the team on the practice field three days later. The Patriots officially activated him on October 29, and he played the following night against the Buffalo Bills; ESPN's broadcast of the game had several features and interviews on Bruschi's return. Following the game, Bruschi was named AFC Defensive Player of the Week. Bruschi played most of the remaining games that season, except for the final regular season game against Miami and the first playoff game against Jacksonville. Bruschi was named the 2005 NFL Comeback Player of the Year, an honor he shared with Carolina Panthers wide receiver Steve Smith.

2006–2008
At the start of training camp, Bruschi broke his right scaphoid bone which he had surgery on August 8. He was listed as questionable, and didn't play in the first game of the 2006 season against the Buffalo Bills. Bruschi was voted a defensive captain by his teammates and started the final 14 games at linebacker. He finished first on the team with 124 tackles. In the 2006 playoffs, Bruschi led the Patriots with 24 tackles (16 solo), marking the highest playoff tackle total of his career. He also led the team with 23 tackles (15 solo) in the 2007 playoffs. In 2007, he played in and started all 16 regular-season games for the fourth time in his career and was voted a defensive captain for the 2007 season. He tied a single-game career high with a two-sack performance against the Cleveland Browns on October 7, 2007, and ran his career total to 30.5 sacks, becoming the 13th player in Patriots' history to reach that milestone. Also he led the team in tackles (99) and solo tackles (69) in 2007. In 2008, he played in 13 games, starting 12, and was named a defensive captain by his teammates for the seventh season.

Touchdowns
Bruschi was the first player in NFL history to return four consecutive interceptions for touchdowns and his career total of four interceptions returned for touchdowns ranks second in Patriots history. He is tied for fourth in NFL history among linebackers, and Bruschi is the only Patriots linebacker to return multiple interceptions for touchdowns in a single season (2002 and 2003). Additionally, since 2002 Bruschi's defensive play has created seven defensive touchdowns. He scored four of those touchdowns on interception returns (two in both 2002 and 2003), forced two fumbles that were picked up and returned for touchdowns (October 3 and November 28, 2004), and tipped a pass that was intercepted by James Sanders and returned for a touchdown (December 11, 2005). This is in addition to his first career touchdown at Baltimore (October 6, 1996) when Bruschi recovered a blocked punt by Larry Whigham and returned it four yards for a touchdown, making 8 total touchdowns to which Bruschi contributed.

Retirement
On the August 30, 2009 broadcast of Sunday Night Football, Al Michaels reported that Bruschi would announce his retirement after 13 seasons in the NFL. Bruschi confirmed his retirement on August 31, 2009 at a press conference alongside New England Patriots head coach Bill Belichick and owner Robert Kraft. During this broadcast, Bruschi described how fulfilled he felt in completing his 13 years of playing football. He described how it felt to know that he had reached all of the goals he wanted to reach.

Bruschi joined ESPN as an analyst following his retirement.

Bruschi has indicated that he would prefer that his number, 54, not be retired. It was worn by six-time Pro Bowl guard Brian Waters in 2011 and by Dont'a Hightower the following season. The New England Patriots held a special ceremony in Bruschi's honor during halftime on Monday Night Football on December 6, 2010.

On May 21, 2013, Bruschi was voted by fans as the 19th player to enter the New England Patriots Hall of Fame. Bruschi's Patriots Hall of Fame induction ceremony occurred on July 29, 2013.

On February 1, 2015, Bruschi was an honorary captain at Super Bowl XLIX.

Personal life
Bruschi is of Filipino and Italian descent. An accomplished saxophonist, Bruschi has played with the Boston Pops. Bruschi is one of three children. His stepfather, Ron Sandys, was a professional tennis player. Bruschi's son, Dante, is a graduate of Bishop Feehan High School, and is now a linebacker with Ithaca College's football team.

In 2007, Bruschi wrote Never Give Up: My Stroke, My Recovery, and My Return to the NFL, a book about his experience with his stroke and his recovery. In his memoir, Bruschi speaks with candor about how his family confronted the reality of his life-threatening affliction, of his initial plans to retire from the NFL, and of the moment he told his wife he was ready to return to football, earning him a share of the Comeback Player of the Year Award and the Patriots recipient of the Ed Block Courage Award.

Bruschi is a spokesman for the American Heart Association and founded Tedy's Team, a foundation to raise funds for stroke research, inspired by Bruschi's own experience.

In 2007, Bruschi was named to NFL.com's All-Interview Team for accessibility to the media. In 2006, he won the Senator Paul E. Tsongas Award for Exemplary Public Service. In 2005, he was the Associated Press NFL Co-Comeback Player of the Year and was voted the Ed Block Courage Award, the Maxwell Football Club's Spirit Award and the AFC Defensive Player of the Week (Week 8) and NFL.com's All-Interview Team as well as USA Today's All-Joe Team. In 2004, he made the AFC Pro Bowl and Second-Team Associated Press All-Pro and was on NFL.com's All-Interview Team.

Bruschi ran in the Boston Marathon in 2012 and 2019.

On July 5, 2019, it was reported through his foundation, Tedy's Team, that Bruschi had suffered a second stroke.

title: Tedy Bruschi


text:
Cham Cham

Cham Cham
 * Cham Cham, Iran, a village in Kermanshah Province, Iran
 * "The Cham-Cham", a 1966 episode of the TV series Thunderbirds
 * Cham cham, a Bangladeshi sweet
 * Cham Cham, a character in the game series Samurai Shodown
 * Cham Cham, a character in the game series Samurai Shodown

title: Cham Cham


text:
Cheb Mami

Mohamed Khelifati  (محمد خليفاتي, ; born 11 July 1966), better known by his stage name Cheb Mami (شاب مامي, ), is an Algerian musician and singer-songwriter. He sings and speaks in Algerian Arabic and sometimes in French or Eastern Arabic dialects. Internationally, he is known for contributing vocals to the 1999 Sting single "Desert Rose".

Early life
Cheb Mami was born in Graba-el-wed (Arabic: غربة الواد), a populous quarter of Saïda (Arabic: سعيدة), Algeria. Located 170 kilometres south of Oran, the city is on the high mesas of northwestern Algeria.

Career
In 1985, Cheb Mami moved to Paris and discovered Raï music. He later performed military service for two years in Algeria while working as an entertainer on army bases. In May 1989, he returned to Paris. He went on to tour the United States, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Scandinavia, and England.

Cheb Mami's music is a blend of Mediterranean and Western influences, including Turkish, Flamenco, and Greek music, as well as Latin music. His voice is tinged with Andalusian accents, and his music is an amalgamation of traditional and modern styles of singing.

International recognition
When Sting's album Brand New Day was released in 1999, the pair's duet, "Desert Rose", appeared on singles charts around the world and led to television appearances on Saturday Night Live, the Today Show, Jay Leno, David Letterman, the Grammy Awards telecast, and even a live performance at the Super Bowl.

Arrest, imprisonment, and release
Cheb Mami was under an international arrest warrant after being indicted in October 2006 for "voluntary violence, sequestration, and threats" against an ex-wife, and failing to answer a court summons on 14 May 2007. He was accused of attempting to force an abortion on his then-girlfriend, magazine photographer Isabelle Simon. During a trip to Algeria in the summer of 2005, Simon was locked in a house belonging to one of Cheb Mami's friends, where an abortive procedure was attempted on her. Afterwards in France, she realized the fetus was still alive, and she later gave birth to a daughter. Cheb Mami had accused his manager Michel Lecorre (a.k.a. Michel Levy) of organizing the abortion plan; Levy was later sentenced to four years for plotting and organizing the assault. Cheb Mami was arrested in France several days before his trial and taken into custody by officials at a Paris airport as he arrived in the country from Algeria on 22 June 2009.

In July 2009, a Paris court found him guilty of drugging and attempted forcible abortion, and sentenced him to five years in prison.

On 21 September 2010, his lawyers applied for conditional release, a request that was turned down on 12 October 2010. Upon a second appeal however, the French court agreed for his conditional release on 23 March 2011.

Plagiarism
In July 2015, Cheb Mami had to compensate 200,000 euros to Cheb Rabah (born Rabah Zerradine) for plagiarizing his texts. The songs in question are "Le raï c'est chic", "Madanite", "Ma vie deux fois", and "Gualbi Gualbi".

Selected discography

 * Manetzouatchi (1985)
 * Douni l'bladi (1986)
 * Ouach Etsalini (1986)
 * Le Prince du Raï (1989)
 * Let Me Raï (1990)
 * Lazrag Saâni (1991)
 * Nahmek toujours ya taleb (1996)
 * Meli Meli (1998)
 * Dimari with Cheba Zahouania (2000)
 * Dellali (2001)
 * Du Sud au Nord (2003)
 * Live au Grand Rex (2004)
 * Layali (2006)

title: Cheb Mami


text:
Talk:Canvassing

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 one external links on Canvassing. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151222084618/http://www.politics.ryerson.ca/rubenson/downloads/3Cs.pdf to http://www.politics.ryerson.ca/rubenson/downloads/3Cs.pdf

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Untitled
Cheerio! And what is the status of minding the gender gap on our Wikipedia as of 2019? Much love good fellows!

Brooke, right. American, cheeky indeed. See:
 * ) bjulia33 (talk) 16:47, 6 April 2019 (UTC)

Oof, no emojis?! How can I properly show off my cheeky bits? Not with this awful written accent, too right! I need a proper yellow cartoon face. Now an angry red one. 🤗 👏👏👏 bjulia33 (talk) 16:50, 6 April 2019 (UTC)

Aw, well done. 👏👏👏 indeed. bjulia33 (talk) 16:50, 6 April 2019 (UTC)

All the sections in this article are relevant to the topic. The article explains both the historical origins of canvassing and its modern forms and applications. The article overall presents an unbiased perspective, objectively covering all aspects of the practice of canvassing. All the viewpoints are equally represented, although the article does have strong a focus on discussing the western/European political systems as canvassing is more prominent in western societies than in the east. All the facts are presented logically and can be checked through links that actually work. The sources of these citations are mostly American and British, creating a possibility for undesired biases to occur. However, these biases are not noticeable from reading the article. Another aspect that the article could improve is its utilization of out-of-date examples. Nearly all of the examples given in the article are from distant history or the 20th century. I could help to improve the relatedness of this article by researching more 21st century examples of political canvassing.Yifanbao1 (talk) 06:37, 23 September 2020 (UTC)Yifan Bao, student at UC Berkeley.

Wiki Education assignment: Introduction to Political Communication
— Assignment last updated by Zayanmoses (talk) 05:15, 19 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Canvassing


text:
Talk:Mount Coolum National Park

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141112134338/http://www.sunshinecoast.qld.gov.au/sitePage.cfm?code=geology to http://www.sunshinecoast.qld.gov.au/sitePage.cfm?code=geology

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title: Talk:Mount Coolum National Park


text:
Marek Židlický

Marek Židlický (born 3 February 1977) is a Czech former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected in the sixth round, 176th overall, by the New York Rangers in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft.

Playing career
Marek Židlický was selected 176th overall, in the sixth round of the 2001 NHL Entry Draft on June 24, 2001. He was selected as the sixth choice of the New York Rangers. Židlický had a very strong 2000–01 season with HIFK of the Finnish SM-liiga, ranking third on his team in assists (25) and tied for second on his team in points (37). He also led the league in points by a defenceman. This was enough for the Rangers to draft him in the NHL entry draft that next summer.

Židlický and the Rangers, however, could never agree to contract terms. The major sticking point was that Židlický wanted a one-way contract which would pay him the same amount of money regardless of whether he was playing in the NHL or the American Hockey League (AHL). He wanted this contract because he was worried about the depth of the Rangers and did not want to spend too much time in the minor leagues. The Rangers, however, would not agree to such a deal and only offered a two-way contract, one that would pay him at a lower rate if he played in the AHL. Because of these contract differences, Židlický opted to stay in Finland and continue playing for HIFK.

Židlický had two more very strong years for HIFK leading the team in points in 2001–02 with 40 points. The next season, he tied for the team lead in points with 47. Realizing that Židlický would not come to North America to play without a one-way contract and unwilling to give him one, the Rangers traded him, along with Rem Murray and Tomáš Klouček, for goaltender Mike Dunham on December 12, 2002, to the Nashville Predators.

Židlický joined the Predators in Nashville for the 2003–04 season, which proved to be a very successful season for Židlický. He recorded his first NHL point in his NHL debut on October 10, 2003, in a 3–1 win over the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. He scored his first NHL goal the next day in the second period of a 3–1 loss to the Dallas Stars. He became the first Predator to play all 82 games in his first season in the league (he was not considered a rookie because of his age).

Židlický was injured when he was checked in the opening minutes of the first ever Predators playoff game against the Detroit Red Wings. He suffered a concussion and was unable to return for any more games in the playoff series. During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Židlický returned to play for HIFK in Helsinki. On May 8, 2006, it was announced that the Predators and Židlický had agreed on terms for a new four-year contract worth $13.5 million.

On July 1, 2008, Židlický was traded to the Minnesota Wild for Ryan Jones and a second round draft pick in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft. During his second season with the Wild, Židlický was re-signed to a three-year contract extension on March 2, 2010.

On February 24, 2012, Židlický was traded to the New Jersey Devils from the Minnesota Wild in exchange for Kurtis Foster, Nick Palmieri, Stephane Veilleux, a Washington Capitals' second round draft pick in 2012 and a conditional pick in 2013. In July 2013, he was re-signed by the Devils. On June 3, 2014, Zidlicky was re-signed by the Devils to a one-year contract worth $3 million, plus $1 million with incentives.

On March 2, 2015, the Devils traded Židlický to the Detroit Red Wings for a conditional third-round pick in the 2016 NHL Draft. Initially, the Red Wings were nearing a trade with the Toronto Maple Leafs for captain Dion Phaneuf, however, the deal fell through at the last minute, forcing the Red Wings to look elsewhere for a defenceman. The Red Wings were in need of a veteran right-handed shot to fit in on their powerplay, and Židlický filled this quota almost immediately after arriving in Detroit. During his first game with the Red Wings on March 4, Židlický scored the game-winning overtime goal, in a 2–1 win over the New York Rangers.

On September 18, 2015, Židlický signed as a free agent to a one-year contract with the New York Islanders.

Records

 * Nashville Predators franchise record for assists in a game (5)
 * Nashville Predators franchise record for power play points in a season (35)

title: Marek Židlický


text:
Rover V8 engine

The Rover V8 engine is a compact OHV V8 internal combustion engine with aluminium cylinder block and cylinder heads, designed and produced by Rover in the United Kingdom, based on a General Motors engine. It has been used in a wide range of vehicles from Rover and other manufacturers since its British debut in 1967.

History
The Rover V8 began life as the Buick 215, an all-aluminium OHV pushrod engine introduced in 1960 for the 1961 US model year (it was on their drawing boards in the late 1950s). The compact alloy engine was light, at just 144 kg, and capable of high power outputs: the most powerful Buick version of this engine rated 200 hp, and the very similar Oldsmobile "Jetfire" turbocharged version made 215 hp, both numbers SAE gross. Based on sales volume and press reports, the engine was a success. Buick produced 376,799 cars with this engine in just three years. A comparable number of Oldsmobile 215 engines were produced. In addition, some Pontiac models were fitted with the Buick 215, leading to the nickname "BOP 215" for the engine (BOP standing for Buick/Oldsmobile/Pontiac). The aluminium engine was relatively expensive to produce, however, and it suffered problems with oil and coolant sealing, as well as with radiator clogging from use of antifreeze incompatible with aluminium. As a result, GM ceased production of the all-aluminium engine after 1963, although Buick retained a similar 300/340/350 cid engine (iron block and alloy heads, later all-iron) (1964–1980), as well as a V6 derivative (1962–2008) which proved to have a very long and successful life.

In January 1964 Rover gave American operations head J. Bruce McWilliams permission to investigate the possible purchase of an American V8 engine for Rover cars. History relates that McWilliams first saw the Buick V8 at the works of Mercury Marine, where he was discussing the sale of Rover gas turbines and diesel engines to the company (Mercury Marine did indeed use the Land Rover 2.25 L diesel engine in marinised form). However, it is likely that McWilliams was aware of the Buick engine before this. In any case, McWilliams realised that the lightweight Buick V8 would be ideal for smaller British cars (indeed, it weighed less than many straight-4 engines it would replace). McWilliams and William Martin-Hurst began an aggressive campaign to convince GM to sell the tooling, which they finally agreed to do in January 1965. Retiring Buick engineer Joe Turlay moved to the UK to act as a consultant.

The Rover V8 has long been a relatively common engine for kit car use in Britain, much as the Chevrolet small-block V8 is for American hot rod builders (though many British hot rods have traditionally used four cylinder engines, like the Ford Pinto and Crossflow units). Even in the US there is a strong contingent of builders who select the Buick or Rover aluminium V8 engine for use in small sporty cars like the MGB. The 1964 Buick iron-block 300 cid engine had aluminium cylinder heads, 3.75 bore and a longer 3.4" stroke crankshaft, which with modification can be used with the Buick 215 or Rover engine blocks to produce a high-output, very light weight V8 with displacement of up to about 300 cid. The 300 crank, after machining the mains to the 215 size in the 215 block yields 260 cid. Traco in the USA were prominent builders of such engines.

The British made engines were run on two SU carburettors, initially HS6 then HIF6 and HIF44 variants (14 years), then two CD175 Stromberg carburettors (2–3 years), Bosch L-Jetronic (7–8 years, aka Lucas 4CU Flapper), then Hitachi Hotwire (5 years, aka Lucas 14CUX), then the GEMS system (many years) and finally Bosch Motronics for 2 years. The engine is still cast now (2011), in an improved version, by Coscast in Birmingham, UK.

As well as appearing in Rover cars, the engine was sold by Rover to small car builders, and has appeared in a wide variety of vehicles. Rover V8s feature in some models from Morgan +8, TVR, Triumph TR8, Land Rover and MGB V8, among many others.

By the early 2000s, the Rover V8 had become uncompetitive with other V8 engines in its class. It produced between 80-100 hp less than more modern V8 engines, it used much more fuel compared to newer V8s, and used an aged 16-valve pushrod architecture, while V8 engines made by other luxury automakers often used dual overhead-cams and 32 valves. After Land Rover switched to the BMW M62 V8 in the 2003 Range Rover, and the Land Rover Discovery 3 switched to Jaguar AJ-V8 engines, the last mass-produced Rover V8 was made in May 2004, after 37 years of production, and just under 1 million engines produced. The 2004 Land Rover Discovery was the last mass-produced vehicle to use it. The last Rover-badged vehicle that used the Rover V8 was the Rover SD1, which was discontinued in 1986 and replaced by the Rover 800,which used a 2.7 litre variant of the Honda C engine as its top engine choice. MG Rover Group used the 4.6 L SOHC 2-valve Ford Modular V8 engine in the Rover 75 and MG ZT 260 from 2003-2005. The Rover V8 remained with Land Rover when it was sold to Ford by BMW. Although Land Rover has switched to the Jaguar AJ-V8 engine for new applications, they wanted production of the engine to continue, and they arranged for production to restart in Weston-super-Mare under MCT, an engineering and manufacturing company. MCT will continue limited production of the engine for the foreseeable future, supplying engines for aftermarket and replacement use.

The Rover V8 based on the Buick design was not the first V8 engine produced by Rover. When the Rover Company was having engineering differences of opinion regarding the development of the Whittle turbine engine, the Wilks brothers did a deal with Rolls-Royce to swap technologies. The turbine engine project at Barnoldswick went to Rolls-Royce and Rover Co took over the V12 Meteor engine production used in a range of world war two tanks and the post war Centurion Tank - (the Meteor V12 was a 'detuned' version of the Merlin aero engine). From this a V8 variant was developed. The Rover Meteorite, also known as Rolls-Royce Meteorite, was a V8 petrol engine of 18.01 L capacity. In essence it was two-thirds of a V12 Meteor, and it shared the Meteor's 60° bank angle. Meteorites were built for heavy duty vehicles, for marine use and as stationary power units: it powered the Thornycroft Antar or Mighty Antar Tank Transporter – and as such was used to transport Meteor-engined tanks – and also heavy transport on the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme in Australia.

Racing
As the aluminium block made this engine one of the lightest stock V8s built, it was an obvious choice for use in racing. Mickey Thompson entered a car powered by this engine in the 1962 Indianapolis 500. From 1946 to 1962 there had not been a single stock-block car entered in this famous race. In 1962 the Buick 215 was the only non-Offenhauser powered entry in the field of 33 cars. Rookie driver Dan Gurney qualified eighth and raced well for 92 laps before retiring with transmission problems.

The Rover version of this engine was extensively developed and used for rallying, especially in Triumph TR8 sports cars.

The Australian Repco V8 F1 engine being based on Buick 215 block is technically a common misconception, as the Rover/Buick V8 had only 5 cylinder head studs around each cylinder unit and that cannot accommodate the 6 stud Repco RB620 heads. The Repco V8 was based on the Oldsmobile 215 block of the same era, which was very similar in appearance, size and material, but used 6 cylinderhead studs per cylinder. The subtle difference in block design/head clamping originated in Oldsmobile's intention to produce the higher power, turbo-charged Jetfire version of the small/light V8, however, the public/press tended not to be aware of the internal difference.

Hotstox use Rover V8 in their stock cars.

3.5 L

The initial Rover version of the engine had a displacement of 3528 cc. The bore and the stroke was 88.9x71.12 mm. All Rover V8s were OHV pushrod engines with two valves per cylinder. It used a sand-cast block with pressed-in iron cylinder liners, and a new intake manifold with two HS6 type SU Carburettors. The Rover engine was heavier but stronger than the Buick engine, with a dry weight of about 170 kg. It was first offered in the 1967 Rover P5B saloon, initially making 184 PS (gross) / 160 PS (net) at 5,200 rpm and 226 lbft (gross) / 210 lbft (net) of torque at 2,600 rpm on 10.5:1 compression (5-star petrol was then still available in the UK). With the introduction of the Rover SD1 in 1976, the engine was improved with the 'rope' oil seals for the crankshaft ends replaced with lip seals, spark plug dimensions changed and the compression ratio lowered to 9.35:1.

Applications:
 * 1967–1973 Rover P5B
 * 1968–1976 Rover P6B
 * 1968–1990 Morgan Plus 8
 * 1970–1989 Land Rover Range Rover
 * 1972–1978 Land Rover 101 Forward Control
 * 1973–1976 MGB GT V8
 * 1976–1987 Rover SD1
 * 1978–1985 Land Rover Series III "Stage One"
 * 1979–1981/2 Triumph TR8
 * 1980–1990 TVR 350i
 * 1983–1993 Marcos Mantula
 * 1983–1994 Land Rover 90/110/Defender
 * 1985-2006 Freight Rover Sherpa/LDV Pilot/LDV Convoy
 * 1986-1991 Sisu NA-140 BT
 * 1989–1998 Land Rover Discovery

Project Iceberg
In the late 1970s, British Leyland became aware of the increasing importance of diesel engined cars to the British, European and (especially) North American markets in the wake of the 1979 energy crisis. It was decided that a new series of diesel engines powerful, refined and economical enough for use in BL cars was needed. However, with development funding tight, it was necessary to use existing BL petrol engines as a base. This included a diesel version of the 3528 cc V8, the development project for which was code-named 'Iceberg'.

BL collaborated with Perkins Engines of Peterborough to develop the engine. Both naturally aspirated and turbocharged versions were produced, both using a Stanadyne rotary mechanical fuel injection system. Power outputs of around 100 (naturally aspirated) and 150 (turbocharged) horsepower were achieved.

The Iceberg engine was slated for fitment in the Range Rover, Rover SD1 and the Jaguar XJ but the project encountered problems with failure of the alloy cylinder heads and internal cooling. They were limited by the need to use the same basic block casting as the petrol engine to allow the Iceberg engine to be produced on the same production line to reduce costs. Whilst these problems could have been overcome, the project ran into financial and logistical problems caused by the reorganisation of BL and specifically the splitting of Land Rover and Rover into separate divisions.

Land Rover took over production of the V8 engine in 1982, moving it from the main BL engine plant at Acock's Green into a new, much lower-capacity production line in the Solihull works, where it was built alongside the other Land Rover engines. This meant that there was no spare capacity to build diesel versions of the engine. Coupled to this, it was clear that the market for large diesel engined cars in North America had not developed as expected.

BL finally pulled out of the project in 1983. Perkins initially decided to pursue the project alone, and even produced advertising brochures for the engine as an industrial power unit, but BL withdrew all technical support and Project Iceberg was wrapped up in late 1983. BL's other collaboration with Perkins (producing a diesel version of the O-Series engine) produced the highly successful 'Prima' unit. BL (and its Rover Group successor) bought in 2.5-litre 4-cylinder turbodiesel units from VM Motori to use in the SD1 and Range Rover.

3.9/4.0

Land Rover used a 3946 cc version of the Rover V8 throughout the 1990s. Bore was increased to 94 mm and stroke remained the same at 2.8 in. The engine was revised in 1995 and thereafter referred to as a 4.0 to differentiate it from the earlier version, although displacement was unchanged. The revisions consisted of a new intake and exhaust system, extra block ribbing, revised pistons, and larger cross-bolted main bearings. The 1995 4.0 produced 190 hp and 236 lbft.

Production of the 4.0 ended in 2003. The final version of the engine, used until 2004 in the Land Rover Discovery, produced 188 hp at 4,750 rpm and 250 lbft at 2,600 rpm.

Applications:
 * 1990–2004 Morgan Plus 8
 * 1991–1995 Ginetta G33
 * 1992–1996 MG RV8
 * 1986–1993 TVR V8S
 * 1989–1995 Land Rover Range Rover (known as a 3.9 in this application)
 * 1991–2000 TVR Griffith
 * 1992–2001 TVR Chimaera
 * 1983–1993 Marcos Mantula
 * 1992–1999 Marcos Mantara
 * 1994–1998 Marcos LM400
 * 1997 Marcos Mantaray
 * 1995–1999 Land Rover Range Rover (P38A) in SE trim
 * 1996-2004 Land Rover Discovery
 * 1994–1998 Land Rover Defender (only used as standard on USA-spec vehicles- available only to special order in other markets.)
 * 1998 Land Rover Defender 50th Anniversary Limited Edition

In the early 1980s TVR approached Andy Rouse with a view to using his race-developed 3946 cc variant of the V8 in their Rover-powered TVR 350i 'wedge'; Rouse had successfully campaigned a Rover SD1 with a modified V8 on the track. For a number of reasons (primarily cost) Rouse's version was not used, but the concept was passed to alternative engineering firms which resulted in a rare variant of the 3.9. This unit has 93.5 mm cylinder bores (instead of Rover's own 94 mm that was introduced some years later) and thus has a capacity of 3905 cc. Flat-topped pistons and high-lift camshaft gave a compression ratio of 10.5:1. TVR claimed 275 bhp as the output and whilst this is generally disregarded by aficionados, a healthy 3905 cc engine will produce in excess of 240 bhp. Once a reproducible specification had been determined, the bulk of engine production was undertaken by North Coventry Kawasaki (NCK), which company was subsequently purchased by TVR to become their in-house engine division known as TVR Power. About 100 cars (TVR 390SE) were built with the 3905 cc engine; TVR's later '400' offering being based on the then-current Range Rover 4L of 3946 cc.

Applications:
 * 1986–1989 TVR 390SE

4.2
Land Rover extended the 3946 cc engine for the top LSE specification of the Classic Range Rover. The "4.2"-litre engine had an actual displacement of 4275 cc, and used the crankshaft castings from the failed "Iceberg" diesel engine project. Bore remained the same at 94.0 mm, while stroke increased to 77.0 mm.

Applications:
 * 1992–1995 Land Rover Range Rover

4.3
For the Griffith and Chimaera, TVR Power, a Coventry-based subsidiary of sportscar maker TVR, built a Rover V8-version with a 4280 cc displacement using the 77 mm stroke crankshaft and 94 mm bore size. The bore and stroke were identical to Rover's 4.2 engine but Rover rounded down to 4.2 L while TVR rounded up to 4.3 L.

The main difference between the Land Rover and TVR versions lies in the usage of Land Rover 3.9 pistons (usually of the 9.35:1 compression version, some report of low compression (8.13:1) pistons being used in a small number of engines) of which the tops were machined down to match the deck height, thus increasing static compression ratio. Head gaskets were originally copper and slightly thicker than the composite gaskets of later engines. TVR 4.3 engines tended to have elaborately ported cylinder heads with minimized valve guide protrusion into the ports, and Duplex timing chain with timing adjustment by vernier gear were specified although in practice, not all engines received it. Camshafts were usually Kent Cams 214 spec, although 'big valve' versions could have a 224 or even a 234 (race) cam installed.

The so-called 'pre-cat' versions of the Griffith predominantly used this engine, although a 4.0-litre version was also available. The Chimaera was introduced with choice of 4.0- and 4.3-litre engines. A small number of 'Big Valve' versions, sporting modified cylinder heads with 43 mm intake and 37 mm exhaust valves and a more radical camshaft profile, found their way to early Griffiths and Chimaeras.

Applications:
 * 1992–1993 TVR Griffith
 * 1993–1994 TVR Chimaera

4.4

Leyland of Australia produced a 4414 cc version of the aluminium V8 for their Australia-only 1973 Leyland P76. The bore and the stroke was 88.9x88.9 mm, making it a square engine. The block deck height was extended and longer conrods were fitted 158.75 mm between centres. A Bendix Stromberg two-barrel carburettor was used in place of SU carburettors. This rare engine produced 200 hp and 280 lbft and, although export (to the UK) versions were planned, the closure by British Leyland of their Australian operations in 1975 precluded the widespread application of this engine. British Leyland did import one complete P76 engine for assessment but it was never fitted to a vehicle and was sold off on the demise of the company.

Applications:
 * 1973–1975 Leyland P76
 * 1976–1979 Leyland Terrier truck

4.5
Not to be confused with the later 4.6-litre engine which TVR badged as a '4.5' for the Chimaera, there also existed a version with an 80 mm crank and 94 mm bore giving 4444 cc capacity, which was used by TVR in the low-volume special 450 SEAC, the race version thereof and the subsequent Tuscan Challenge racers. A tiny number of Griffith and Chimaera road cars were built with a version of this engine, known as the '450 BV' (Big Valve).

4.6

In 1995, Land Rover enlarged the Rover V8 to 4552 cc. The bore remained the same size as the previous 4.0 at 94 mm, but the engine was stroked by 10.9 mm giving 82 mm in total. Output was 225 hp and 280 lbft.

Production of the 4.6 ended at Solihull, UK, in 2004. The final version, introduced in the Range Rover P38, produced 218 hp at 4,750 rpm and 300 lbft at 2,600 rpm.

The last mass-produced application of the Rover V8 was in the Land Rover Discovery, up until the vehicle was redesigned in 2005. It is still used by some hand-built sports cars built by some independent manufacturers.

Applications:
 * 1995–2002 Land Rover Range Rover in the HSE trim (Optional for SE trim)
 * 2003–2004 Land Rover Discovery (North American market)
 * 1992–1999 Marcos Mantara
 * 1997 Marcos Mantaray
 * 1996–2002 TVR Chimaera
 * 1996 Morgan Plus 8

5.0
A 4997 cc variant of the Rover V8 was used in two models by British sportscar manufacturer TVR. The bore and the stroke was 94x90 mm. These models, the Griffith and Chimaera used the 4997 cc unit in their top-end specifications. The factory quotes up to 340 bhp and 350 lbft of torque.

Applications:
 * 1990-1995 Lichfield Land Rovers
 * 1992–2001 TVR Chimaera
 * 1992–2000 TVR Griffith
 * 1994–2001 Marcos LM500
 * 2003 Marcos TS500
 * 2002–2006 Bowler Wildcat- this used a hybrid 5.0-litre V8 with Land Rover cylinder heads and a TVR block and piston assembly.

Moreover, in the mid-1980s, hot rodders discovered the 215 could be stretched to as much as 305 cid, using the Buick 300 crankshaft, new cylinder sleeves, and an assortment of non-Buick parts. It could also be fitted with high-compression cylinder heads from the Morgan +8. Using the 5-litre Rover block and crankshaft, a displacement of 317.8 cid is possible and used primarily in racing applications, stretching the design to its limits it is possible to achieve displacements of over 339.2 cid and possibly even displacements near of 383.4 cid, though the latter has not been tested in practice as of yet.

title: Rover V8 engine


text:
John Reynolds (Canadian politician)

John Douglas Reynolds (born January 19, 1942) is a former Canadian politician. He was the member of Parliament for the riding of West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2006 and a former Federal Opposition Leader. He had also been an MP in the 1970s as well as a provincial politician in British Columbia in the 1980s and 1990s.

Life and career
He was first elected to Parliament as a candidate of the Progressive Conservatives in 1972 and was re-elected in 1974. He resigned in 1977 after a series of disagreements with Joe Clark.

Beginning in 1983, he was active in the Social Credit Party of British Columbia and served as speaker of the British Columbia Legislative Assembly and as a cabinet minister (Minister of Environment). In 1986, he was a candidate at the Social Credit leadership convention coming in fifth. He remained in provincial politics until 1991 when he was defeated in his bid for re-election.

Reynolds returned to parliament in 1997 as a Reform MP and served as Chief Opposition Whip. He remained in this role when the Reform Party was folded into the Canadian Alliance. When Stockwell Day faced a revolt in his caucus in 2001 and Chuck Strahl resigned as House leader, Reynolds was named in his place. When Day resigned as Alliance leader, Reynolds was chosen as interim party leader and leader of the opposition and served until Stephen Harper was elected the new party leader.

Reynolds resigned as House leader on January 24, 2005, but continued as MP for his riding until his retirement at the 2006 federal election. He was the coordinator of the Conservative campaign in British Columbia. On the day after the election, which resulted in a Conservative minority government, Harper asked Reynolds to approach Liberal minister David Emerson about crossing the floor and serving as a minister in Harper's government. Emerson eventually accepted the offer, which triggered a firestorm of criticism. However, Reynolds, who had strongly criticized Belinda Stronach's switch from the Conservatives to the Liberals, told a suburban Vancouver newspaper that he was "very happy" that Emerson was a Conservative and claimed that the people of Emerson's left-leaning Vancouver riding got the better end of the bargain. "Instead of having someone in opposition," he said, "they have someone who is a cabinet minister of a new government."

Reynolds supports the death penalty.

title: John Reynolds (Canadian politician)


text:
User talk:Ub3rm4th

Derivation of (3.44)
(3.44) $$\frac{d}{dt}\langle{\hat{\theta}}\rangle_t = \frac{1}{i\hbar}\langle{[\hat{\theta},H]}\rangle_t + \langle{\frac{\partial{\hat{\theta}}}{\partial{t}}}\rangle_t$$ $$\frac{d}{dt}\langle{\hat{\theta}}\rangle_t = \frac{d}{dt}\int_\tau\psi^*\hat{\theta}\psi\,d\tau$$
 * $$=\int_\tau\frac{d}{dt}\left(\psi^*\hat{\theta}\psi\right)\,d\tau$$ since space and time commute
 * $$=\int_\tau\left(\frac{\partial{\psi^*}}{\partial{t}}\hat{\theta}\psi + \psi^*\frac{\partial{\hat{\theta}}}{\partial{t}}\psi + \psi^*\hat{\theta}\frac{\partial{\psi}}{\partial{t}}\right)\,d\tau$$ by Liebniz's rule for differentiation (mathworld.wolfram.com)
 * $$=\int_\tau\frac{\partial{\psi^*}}{\partial{t}}\hat{\theta}\psi\,d\tau + \int_\tau\psi^*\frac{\partial{\hat{\theta}}}{\partial{t}}\psi\,d\tau + \int_\tau\psi^*\hat{\theta}\frac{\partial{\psi}}{\partial{t}}\,d\tau$$
 * $$=\int_\tau\frac{\partial{\psi^*}}{\partial{t}}\hat{\theta}\psi\,d\tau + \int_\tau\psi^*\hat{\theta}\frac{\partial{\psi}}{\partial{t}}\,d\tau + \int_\tau\psi^*\frac{\partial{\hat{\theta}}}{\partial{t}}\psi\,d\tau$$
 * $$=\int_\tau\frac{\partial{\psi^*}}{\partial{t}}\hat{\theta}\psi\,d\tau + \int_\tau\psi^*\hat{\theta}\frac{\partial{\psi}}{\partial{t}}\,d\tau + \langle{\frac{\partial{\hat{\theta}}}{\partial{t}}}\rangle_t$$
 * Schrodinger's time dependent equation states $$\hat{H}\psi=i\hbar\frac{\partial\psi}{\partial{t}}$$
 * Therefore, $$\frac{\partial\psi}{\partial{t}}=\frac{1}{i\hbar}\hat{H}\psi$$ and $$\frac{\partial\psi^*}{\partial{t}}=(\frac{\partial\psi}{\partial{t}})^*=(\frac{1}{i\hbar}\hat{H}\psi)^*=-\frac{1}{i\hbar}(\hat{H}\psi)^*$$
 * $$=-\frac{1}{i\hbar}\int_\tau(\hat{H}\psi)^*\hat{\theta}\psi\,d\tau + \frac{1}{i\hbar}\int_\tau\psi^*\hat{\theta}(\hat{H}\psi)\,d\tau + \langle{\frac{\partial{\hat{\theta}}}{\partial{t}}}\rangle_t$$
 * $$=\frac{1}{i\hbar}\int_\tau\left(\psi^*\hat{\theta}(\hat{H}\psi) - (\hat{H}\psi)^*\hat{\theta}\psi\right)\,d\tau + \langle{\frac{\partial{\hat{\theta}}}{\partial{t}}}\rangle_t$$
 * $$=\frac{1}{i\hbar}\int_\tau\left(\psi^*(\hat{\theta}\hat{H})\psi - (\hat{H}\psi)^*\hat{\theta}\psi\right)\,d\tau + \langle{\frac{\partial{\hat{\theta}}}{\partial{t}}}\rangle_t$$

Problem 4, Practice Exam I
In the problem, we are given a physical system characterized by a potential $$V(x)=\left\{\begin{matrix} \infty&x\le0 \\ qx&x>0 \end{matrix}\right.$$ , where q is positive. Thus we know that the particle can never exist on the negative x axis. Considering this, we can rewrite our potential in a more manipulatable form as $$V(x)=\left\{ \begin{matrix} -qx&x<0 \\ \delta(x)&x=0 \\ qx&x>0 \end{matrix}\right.$$ where it is obvious that a particle starting on the left side exactly mirrors a particle starting on the right side. To compute $$\langle{p_x}\rangle_t$$, we use $$\frac{d}{dt}\langle{p_x}\rangle_t=\frac{1}{i\hbar}\langle{[p_x,H]}\rangle_t+\langle{\frac{\partial{p_x}}{\partial{t}}}\rangle_t$$ $$=\frac{1}{i\hbar}\langle{[p_x,\frac{p_x^2}{2m}+V]}\rangle_t$$ $$=\frac{1}{i\hbar}\langle{[p_x,\frac{p_x^2}{2m}]+[p_x,V]}\rangle_t$$ $$=\frac{1}{i\hbar}\langle{[p_x,V]}\rangle_t$$ $$=\frac{1}{i\hbar}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\,\psi^*[p_x,V]\psi\,dx$$ $$=\frac{1}{i\hbar}\int_{-\infty}^0\,\psi^*[p_x,-qx]\psi\,dx + \frac{1}{i\hbar}\int_0^0\,\psi^*[p_x,\delta(x)]\psi\,dx + \frac{1}{i\hbar}\int_0^\infty\,\psi^*[p_x,qx]\psi\,dx$$ $$=\frac{-q}{i\hbar}\int_{-\infty}^0\,\psi^*[p_x,x]\psi\,dx + \frac{1}{i\hbar}\int_0^0\,\psi^*[p_x,\delta(x)]\psi\,dx + \frac{q}{i\hbar}\int_0^\infty\,\psi^*[p_x,x]\psi\,dx$$ $$=\frac{-q}{i\hbar}\int_{-\infty}^0\,\psi^*(-i\hbar)\psi\,dx + \frac{1}{i\hbar}\int_0^0\,\psi^*[p_x,\delta(x)]\psi\,dx + \frac{q}{i\hbar}\int_0^\infty\,\psi^*(-i\hbar)\psi\,dx$$ $$=q\int_{-\infty}^0\,\psi^*\psi\,dx + \frac{1}{i\hbar}\int_0^0\,\psi^*[p_x,\delta(x)]\psi\,dx -q\int_0^\infty\,\psi^*\psi\,dx$$ $$=-2q\int_0^\infty\,\psi^*\psi\,dx + \frac{1}{ih}\int_0^0\,\psi^*[p_x,\delta(x)]\psi\,dx$$ $$=-2q\int_0^\infty\,\psi^*\psi\,dx + \frac{1}{ih}\int_0^0\,\psi^*[-i\hbar\nabla,\delta(x)]\psi\,dx$$ $$=-2q\int_0^\infty\,\psi^*\psi\,dx - \int_0^0\,[\nabla,\delta(x)]\,dx$$ $$=-2q\int_0^\infty\,\psi^*\psi\,dx - \int_0^0\,\psi^*[\frac{\partial{}}{\partial{x}},\delta(x)]\psi\,dx$$

Now $$[\frac{\partial{}}{\partial{x}},\delta(x)]\psi = \frac{\partial{}}{\partial{x}}(\delta(x)\psi) - \delta(x)\frac{\partial{}}{\partial{x}}(\psi) = \frac{\partial{}}{\partial{x}}(\delta(x))\psi + \delta(x)\frac{\partial{}}{\partial{x}}(\psi) - \delta(x)\frac{\partial{}}{\partial{x}}(\psi)$$

So, $$[\frac{\partial{}}{\partial{x}},\delta(x)] = \frac{\partial{\delta(x)}}{\partial{x}}$$

The probability of a particle being in one half or the other is exactly one half, therefore the integral from 0 to infinity of the probability amplitude squared must be one half. Thus $$-2q\int_0^\infty\,\psi^*\psi\,dx = -2q(\frac{1}{2}) = -q$$

Theta function
Hi, I answered your question on theta functions. (Also, when you post,please sign your notes with four tilde's in a row, that automatically adds a timestamp and name). linas 04:24, 2 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Induction & forces
Hello Ub3rm4th

We were talking originally about induced emf and inductance. So having accepted this idea of the necessity of the field inducing the emf, I postulated the notion that every force in the universe howsoever caused, must 'induce' an equal and opposite one (to be in balance). This was quickly realised to be nothing other than a restatement of Newtons 3rd law, but with applicability to ALL forces and combinations of forces. We then concluded that the sum of all forces is the universe, or any closed system must be zero. We thought that this might be a usefule rule to bear in mind when discussing other promlems of an electrodynamical nature. Hope this explains the coversation we had.!!--Light current 17:13, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

Homework
Can I just remind you that WP is not a place for you to discuss your assignments/homework (unless it has to do with WP articles) even on your own page!--Light current 00:36, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

Page name for temperature articles
To avoid flip-flopping between 'degree Fahrenheit' and 'Fahrenheit' or 'degree Celsius' and 'Celsius', I propose that we have a discussion on which we want. I see you have contributed on units of measurement, please express your opinion at Talk:Units of measurement. Thanks. bobblewik 22:07, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ub3rm4th


text:
Talk:Veracruz (city)

Untitled
La villa rica de la vera cruz, is spanish. In catalan it is: La vila rica de la vera creu (the rich town of the red cross). From the royal flag, a red cross on white background (Saint George cross).

Population
I think the second half of this article needs to be moved to the veracruz city page.

As many vandalisms as this page seems to have suffered, I'm guessing this is the product of one. (Vandalism is among the most despicable activities humans have managed to invent).

It seems to me very improbable that the second most populous city in Veracruz is Orizaba, as the text now says. Probably it would be Mina-Coatza, then Xalapa, or Córdoba, and Orizaba below any of these. Anybody have the population statistics handy enough to check this out. I don't have them or the time to look for them.

--Lavintzin 01:21, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

Veracruz city population link: World Gazetteer: Largest Cities in Veracruz

The basic idea, copied here for your viewing:

Veracruz city populations As of 2000:

Veracruz 535473

Xalapa  373076

Coatza  225973

Poza Rica 170819

Mina    148896

Cordoba 132091

Orizaba 118552

Even combined, Coatza and Mina don't even come close to the population of el Puerto. I wouldn't exactly call them a metropolis either, as there is about 10 miles of swamp separating them. Combine them with nearby cities such as Allende, and las Choapas, and you're still not there, especially if you do Veracruz the same favor and add in Boca del Rio, etc. I'll change the first paragraph to adequately reflect this. --KÆN 18:47, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

PS I checked with Mexico's census bureau (CONAPO) and the numbers are a little different, but Veracruz is still without a doubt the largest city in Veracruz. Interestingly enough, its also larger than Tampico, making it the largest city on the Gulf Coast, but the population of metropolitan Tampico (including Altamira, Cuidad Madero, Tampico Alto, etc) is likely somewhat larger than Metropolitan Veracruz (whose only other significant population contributer is Boca del Rio, as far as I know). Also interestingly enough, CONAPO projects that Xalapa's population will surpass that of Veracruz by 2010. Technicalities.... but interesting! link to CONAPO population data --KÆN 22:51, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Projections, such as those at the CONAPO site, are notoriously inaccurate. Besides, there is no reason to use them when actual census figures are available at INEGI Backspace 03:21, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Municipio versus Localidad
For Mexico, one has to be careful in what is considered a "city" in the normal sense of the word. In Mexico, the only legal "cities" are the municipios, which consist of a central city plus the surrounding area, and can best be compared to a U.S. "county". Municipios are divided into localidades, which are probably more comparable to what most people define as "cities". These localidades, however, have no legal function, but are only geographical parts of a municipio. They have no local government, but are subject to the municipio's government.

In light of that statement, here are the largest municipios of Veracruz, according to the latest 2005 Mexican census:

 * 1) Veracruz	512310
 * 2) Xalapa	413136
 * 3) Coatzacoalcos	280363
 * 4) Córdoba	186623
 * 5) Poza Rica de Hidalgo	181438
 * 6) Papantla	152863
 * 7) Minatitlán	151983
 * 8) San Andrés Tuxtla	148447
 * 9) Boca del Río	141906
 * 10) Túxpam	134394
 * 11) Orizaba	117289
 * 12) Cosoleacaque	104970
 * 13) Temapache	100790

Here are the largest localidades It is important to note that there are two localidades named Veracruz, and two named Minatitlán. All localidades are in the municipio of the same (or very similar) name except as noted:

 * 1) Veracruz [Veracruz municipio]	444438
 * 2) Xalapa-Enríquez	387879
 * 3) Coatzacoalcos	234174
 * 4) Poza Rica de Hidalgo	174512
 * 5) Córdoba	136237
 * 6) Veracruz [Boca del Río municipio]	129416
 * 7) Orizaba	117273
 * 8) Minatitlán [Minatitlán municipio]	109791
 * 9) Túxpam de Rodríguez Cano	78523
 * 10) San Andrés Tuxtla	58757
 * 11) Martínez de la Torre	56433
 * 12) Papantla de Olarte	51716
 * 13) Acayucan	49945
 * 14) Coatepec	49608
 * 15) Tierra Blanca	44171
 * 16) Minatitlán [Cosoleacaque municipio]	43116
 * 17) Las Choapas	40773
 * 18) Río Blanco	39997
 * 19) Agua Dulce	37987
 * 20) Pánuco	37450
 * 21) Perote	34658
 * 22) Ciudad Mendoza [Camerino Z. Mendoza municipio]	34313
 * 23) Tlapacoyan	33151
 * 24) Jáltipan de Morelos	30509
 * 25) Coatzintla	30061

I hope that this helps to settle some debates.

You can find documentation for all this at INEGI

 * By the way, Veracruz is the largest Mexican city on the Gulf of Mexico. That figure on Tampico would probably be the metropolitan area population, which as the article indicates, includes the cities of Ciudad Madero and Altamira. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Backspace (talk • contribs) 19:43, 23 February 2007 (UTC).

 * Yes, those were my comments. I am forgetting to remember to put those four tildes in at the end of my comments. Re: the previous comment: The figure of 659,597 in the current article for Tampico is the 2005 census official total for the municipios of Tampico: 303,924 plus Ciudad Madero: 193,045 and Altamira: 162,623. Backspace 02:59, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

The official?
Does this make any sense to anyone?

"The official of this Mexican state was Veracruz-Llave from ..."

Languages of Veracruz
I'm interested in knowing what were the pre columbian Indian populations of Veracruz, what languages they spoke, and what's left of these languages nowadays (including speaking populations, and whether they are primary languages, secondary/family home languages, or relegated to patois/backwater language status). Does anybody know a good source for such information? --Svartalf 19:04, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

Appearance/representation in Rose Bowl Parade
For Veracruz to be represented at the Rose Bowl parade is a major achievement. This should not be removed without discussion and consensus. Ronbo76 21:31, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

picture
the picture titled "new housing developments in the city" refers to an image not anywhere in the city —Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.148.131.64 (talk) 03:16, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

new title?
Should this article be called Veracruz (municipality)? Suomi Finland 2009 (talk) 20:31, 1 July 2010 (UTC)

STATUE OF HERNAN CORTÉS, FOUNDER OF VERACRUZ

There is any statue of the founder of the city of Veracruz, Hernán Cortés? --79.144.102.40 (talk) 01:59, 25 June 2013 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved to Veracruz (city). Consensus indicates that this option has the most support. What (if anything) happens to Veracruz, Veracruz (state) and Veracruz (disambiguation) require separate discussion. Philg88 ♦talk 09:12, 26 November 2014 (UTC)

Veracruz, Veracruz → Veracruz City – I think anyone would agree that the name of the city is Veracruz, but of course that name is taken by the Mexican state. It makes more sense to me that we would follow the examples of New York City, Chihuahua City, Mexico City, Guatemala City, etc., and move the article to the "X City" title. Red Slash 02:19, 9 November 2014 (UTC)

Survey

 * Comment I would move Veracruz (disambiguation) to Veracruz, and move the state to Veracruz (state), as for the city, how about Veracruz (city) ? (Google hits are higher for the phrase "city of Veracruz" than the term "Veracruz City" or the term "Veracruz, Veracruz") "Veracruz, Mexico" would then point to the disambiguation page Veracruz (disambiguation) (which would be located at "Veracruz" after the moves). -- 67.70.35.44 (talk) 06:43, 13 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I agree that Veracruz (city) is better than the proposal or the current title. Srnec (talk) 22:52, 14 November 2014 (UTC)
 * WP:NATURAL is in disagreement with that; we prefer naturally-disambiguated titles even if they are not the most common. Red Slash 05:18, 15 November 2014 (UTC)
 * In this case, the city is not usually called "Veracruz City" and that title misleads people into thinking it is like Mexico City. —Srnec (talk) 16:17, 15 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose the proposed title, which is too uncommon. No opinion on the possibility of Veracruz (city). Dekimasu よ! 00:46, 16 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Support 67.70.35.44's proposal to move Veracruz (disambiguation) to Veracruz, move the state to Veracruz (state), and the city to Veracruz (city). —  AjaxSmack   03:34, 17 November 2014 (UTC)
 * If the city is moved, that's fine, but I don't think the state or dab should be moved as a result of this move request since they weren't the main focus of the discussion and editors at those pages weren't alerted to the discussion. Dekimasu よ! 22:45, 21 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Oppose not sure how this should be disambuguated, but definitely not as "Veracruz City". It just isn't used often enough. —innotata 04:43, 20 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Oppose Veracruz City. Support Veracruz (city) (see also: Cork (city). Thought I'm also fine with disambiguating the state and move the city to the base name. --В²C ☎ 00:31, 26 November 2014 (UTC)

Primary topic?
As this might have some bearing on the RM discussion, is the state of Veracruz really the primary topic and not the city? If not, move the state article instead and free up "Veracruz" for the city. —  AjaxSmack  02:02, 11 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Well, the state has 10x the population of the metro area of the city. Dekimasu よ! 03:24, 11 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Yeah, the state is more famous for Xalapa, etc... the city really can't make a decent claim on primary topic, IMO. Red Slash 03:50, 14 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Maybe... I'd certainly heard of the city, both in history classes and in news reports, but didn't even know that the state existed until now. Never heard of Xalapa until now. So on what basis is the state... more famous for Xalapa, etc, and what's the etc? Andrewa (talk) 15:05, 16 November 2014 (UTC)
 * The "etc" is for other cities in the state. Veracruz City is a little bigger than Xalapa, which is famous for its peppers (jalapeños). Less than 10% of people living in Veracruz live in the metro area of the city. I know, I was surprised too--I thought the city would dominate the state. But it doesn't, it really doesn't. I should have avoided the word "famous" and instead used "notable"; my bad. Red Slash 23:57, 16 November 2014 (UTC)
 * I only brought up the issue because Spanish Wikipedia has the city at Veracruz and the state at Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave. Note that I'm not suggesting that this should have any bearing on English Wikipedia's titles. —  AjaxSmack   03:34, 17 November 2014 (UTC)
 * There seem to be a couple of very shaky assumptions here. Yes, the jalapeño is famous, but how many of those who recognise it associate it with Xalapa? Not many, perhaps? Yes, in terms of population the city doesn't dominate the state, but so what? That's irrelevant in terms of our current policies and guidelines, so far as I can see, and I can't see any grounds for appealing against them here. The fact that you were surprised is however relevant... I suggest that many others would be similarly surprised, and if so that's an argument that the city is the primary meaning. Andrewa (talk) 14:40, 17 November 2014 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

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Requested move 13 January 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) — Ceso femmuin mbolgaig mbung, mellohi! (投稿) 20:24, 21 January 2023 (UTC)

Veracruz (city) → Veracruz City – This move has been requested and moved before from WP:RM/T, but it was moved back. Original request: accepted and moved and then the page was moved back.

Original Reasoning:

"WP:TITLECON with every other Mexican state capital. See links on List of states of Mexico. Individual cities links: (note that Veracruz is the only outlier of the format) Aguascalientes City, Chihuahua City, Colima City, Guanajuato City, Oaxaca City, San Luis Potosí City, Tlaxcala City, and Zacatecas City. Also, the WP:NATURALDAB for cities with the same name as their region is Place + City, as seen with Luxembourg City (Officially just Luxembourg, same with all the other cases here) Quebec City, New York City, and Djibouti City."

Moved this from a contested RM/T. BhamBoi (talk) 17:36, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Per the conventions at NATURALDAB, this name would be acceptable because it is still used in sources (albeit less than just Veracruz, which is an unfit title). Here is just one example I found of "Veracruz City". City of Veracruz could work per, but it's not preferred. BhamBoi (talk) 17:59, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * The more I look, I'm finding City of Veracruz such as here and Veracruz city (lowercase) here. I still think TITLECON might prevail. BhamBoi (talk) 19:07, 13 January 2023 (UTC)
 * We could also move to Heroica Veracruz as it is the official name, and not definitively not the common name, especially considering Google Maps uses the official name Heroica Veracruz (Veracruz). BhamBoi (talk) 19:14, 13 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Oppose. Disclosure: it was me who moved this article back to Veracruz (city) a few weeks ago.
 * A couple of minor comments first: "WP:TITLECON with every other Mexican state capital": Veracruz isn't the state capital. OK, that's pedantic, but the closest parallel (non-capital sharing its name with its state) is Sinaloa de Leyva, in the municipality of Sinaloa, Sinaloa; Sinaloa City isn't even a redirect. And (more pedantry) "with every other Mexican state capital": for some reason the capital of Puebla is at Puebla (city) (there's a 2019 talk page mention of a move that got reverted back to that location). So, clearly, some people aren't happy with these "XXXX City" names.
 * Ultimately, though, having this article at Veracruz City is simply incorrect, drawing on a false equivalence with Mexico City, Guatemala City, Panama City, etc. Those three are known, internationally and undeniably, by those names. That's not true of Veracruz: it isn't known as "Veracruz City" outside Wikipedia — and, ok, admittedly, various other places on the internet that, over the past ten years or so, have taken their cue from here (astonishing: such is our power as Wikipedians, but Wikipedia is here to record the world, not shape it). There's a reference above to the Britannica article on the state of Veracruz; the city article defines it as "Veracruz, in full Veracruz Llave, city and port on the Gulf of Mexico, Veracruz estado (state), east-central Mexico." Not a "Veracruz City" in sight. If it were known as "Veracruz City", then you'd expect the phrase to turn up in every paragraph in our article here: it doesn't, because it's not its name, something that the editors who actually wrote the article know. More evidence that "Veracruz City" isn't its name? Our article United States occupation of Veracruz, which isn't at United States occupation of Veracruz City and where "Veracruz City" doesn't appear. Jack London was there as a war correspondent in 1914: does he call it "Veracruz City"? No, he calls it "Vera Cruz". The Guardian doesn't call it Veracruz City. Neither does the Mexican Tourist Board. Or the United Nations. The BBC? No. Where does Aeroméxico fly to? Mexico City and Panama City, sure, but Veracruz, not Veracruz City.
 * Aeroméxico also flies to Queretaro [sic], Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chihuahua etc., too (not to Querétaro City, Aguascalientes City, Campeche City, Chihuahua City, etc.). American Airlines doesn't serve Veracruz, but it does fly to Mexico City, Querétaro City, Oaxaca City , and Zacatecas City.
 * I therefore submit that, WP:TITLECON notwithstanding, all those cities' articles are misplaced. Someone decided a little consistency would be nice (Mexico City, Guatemala City...) and proceeded to move them all, because that's how they thought the world should be, ignoring how they are referred to in the real world (these are real-world places, inhabited by real people). This article should remain at Veracruz (city), in line with the 2014 requested move just above here on the talk page. There are precedents for that solution: see Cork (city) (and the reams of discussion on its talk page).
 * As for the others — Querétaro City, Aguascalientes City, San Luis Potosí City and the others — because they're made-up names, made up by someone who decided how the world should be, they should be brought into line with Veracruz (city) and Puebla (city), not the other way around. But as the adage goes, Life is short; don't forget to spend as much of it as possible arguing with strangers on the internet. And here I am on a Friday night. Moscow Mule (talk) 05:04, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the detailed and well-thought-out oppose. I appreciate your research effort BhamBoi (talk) 20:27, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I do agree with your notes. With that said, there are also cases of "Veracruz City" on enwiki here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, and here (and there are still more cases); do you think those instances should all be changed?
 * Would you support "Heroica Veracruz" over the status quo of "Veracruz (city)"? It is used in very popular mapping platforms (see: Heroica Veracruz on Google Maps, above), so people may be familiar with that name. BhamBoi (talk) 20:37, 14 January 2023 (UTC)
 * First of all, thanks for your kind words, here and on my talk page. I don't want to make this all about me, but so far (and I put a note on Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mexico last night) no one else has turned up with an opinion. Anyway, your direct questions:
 * "Heroica Veracruz" ? It's better than Veracruz City (in that it has more real-world usage), but it flies in the face of WP:COMMONNAME.
 * Change instances of Veracruz City in other articles ? Absolutely. They could be quite happily pipe-linked to the city of Veracruz, which (to me at least) sounds a lot more natural than drawing the false "Panama City" equivalence.
 * Why the dislike for the "(city)" disambiguator? It works perfectly for Cork (city), which is a very comparable case. And it's similar to what was forced on Chihuahua (state) and Hidalgo (state) because of small dogs and Spanish noblemen. Moscow Mule (talk) 03:19, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
 * No particular dislike, I just liked the idea of consistency among the Mexican cities. There was also a successful similar RM at Talk:Djibouti City (albeit it did have more sources using the name) to move it to a "… City" format.
 * This likely is a WP:IDLI situation, but I just don't think it looks as good (although it is concise) to have something other than just words in the name (again, for consistency; I think the other Mexican states' cities wikinames are all just words Except for Puebla (city), which was moved similarly to that. ) ← I've gone off an a tangent, this argument doesn't really matter. I say we need to wait for more voices before a consensus.
 * You're right, Heroica Veracruz does not have much usage (except on Google Maps, which is a pretty influential source, but I don't see much else independent from that, the few things I found were all like this or passing mentions using that name). BhamBoi (talk) 03:59, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Cities getting named "heroic" is official, but I'm not sure whether that necessarily changes the "official name" (as the city's lead para claims): maybe it's on a case-by-case basis? I read it more as an honorific, only brought out on special occasions. But I see that someone moved "Nogales, Sonora", to Heroica Nogales a couple of months ago (despite the intro saying "more commonly known as 'Nogales'", and despite all the road signs from Hermosillo up to the border indicating an unqualified "Nogales"), so a precedent of sorts does exist.
 * But you're right. More voices needed. Moscow Mule (talk) 04:43, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I actually did find a WorldAtlas page indicating that Heroica Veracruz and Veracruz Llave are different places… BhamBoi (talk) 20:06, 16 January 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. <b style="color: #FF0000;">Please do not modify it.</b> Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Oppose per every character typed by above. Veracruz City is simply wrong as the title because that’s not a commonly used name for the city. Worse, if we use that as our title other sources will follow suit to the point where it could become a commonly used name.  We don’t want to do that! We’re supposed to follow usage in sources, not influence it.  --В²C ☎ 17:47, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Confused. I have never understood the key reason why the "Namesakecity, Namesakestate" disambiguation style was deprecated, and I suspect it is caused by an I-don't-like-it reason because in itself it is not incorrect. Ignoring that, according to Naming conventions (geographic names), "The cities that share names with states have been placed at Placename City, with the state taking the Placename location: for example, Oaxaca City, (city) and Oaxaca (state)." Veracruz and Puebla are, for some reason, the only exceptions, why are they the only exception? Because the remaining cities are neither known as X City either (who calls it San Luis Potosí City?). The only city known as City is Mexico City. (CC) Tb hotch ™ 21:11, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
 * That guideline to include City in the title when it’s not part of the name of the city is essentially being challenged per WP:IAR as inconsistent with broader naming policy and conventions, per the reasons stated above, by those of us who are opposing. —-В²C ☎ 22:40, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Based on that you linked, the conventions do seem to support the tacked on City at the end. BhamBoi (talk) 23:18, 15 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Yes, nobody is disputing what the specific conventions say. We're saying the convention itself is the problem because it contradicts broader policy and conventions. --В²C ☎ 01:50, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * And what's the broader convention and why the other 10 Category:Capitals of states of Mexico using the recommended style don't follow it (I know that Xalapa is the capital city of Veracruz, just for this RM it is not required to be pedantic on the status). (CC) Tb hotch ™ 01:57, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * There's the diff where it was changed on the "naming conventions" page (back in 2015). But I can't find any discussion on the talk page archives there. Reading the various state capitals' talk pages does lead me to the conclusion that it was just on the basis of that one 2014 RM to move Chihuahua, Chihuahua — which the nominator considered "absurd" — to Chihuahua City, which was then railroaded through on all the others as a "precedent" had been set. Moscow Mule (talk) 02:48, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Support Heroica Veracruz, to solve the basename ambiguity, with something widely used. The long version is Heroica ciudad y puerto de Veracruz. It is not called a city, I guess, because it is known as a port.  Oppose the proposed as not used.  —SmokeyJoe (talk) 06:00, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Of course the proposed is not used; it includes a disambiguator. The part of a parenthetically disambiguated title that reflects common usage excludes the disambiguator. Your "not used" argument precludes using countless parenthetically disambiguated titles. Here's a sampling from a few hits of SPECIAL:RANDOM: Thomas Glenn (pioneer), George W. Scott (American football), USS Cero (SP-1189), Chung Uk Tsuen (Tai Po District), Valiant Lady (ship), Odakkuzhal (poetry collection), The Oranges (film)... all of these would be opposed per your "not used" argument. Are you serious? --В²C ☎ 08:44, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * The proposed is “Veracruz City”. No parentheses. Natural disambiguation is preferred to parenthetical disambiguation, but only of the natural disambiguation is sometimes used. SmokeyJoe (talk) 12:42, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * My apologies! I was confused. Is Heroica Veracruz sufficiently commonly used  in English RS to qualify as WP:NATURAL?  The bar isn’t “sometimes used”.  It’s “commonly used, albeit not as commonly as the (ambiguous) most common name”. —В²C ☎ 17:05, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Hmm. Ngrams suggests Heroica Veracruz is not commonly used, at all; about five times less common than even Veracruz City, which is thousands of times less common than Veracruz. I don't see how it possibly meets the "also commonly called in English reliable sources, albeit not as commonly as the preferred-but-ambiguous title" threshold established in NATURAL. --В²C ☎ 17:56, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * If we're looking for WP:NATURALDAB, then that'd be Veracruz, Veracruz. Which would align with Minatitlán, Veracruz; Córdoba, Veracruz (also "heroic"); Nogales, Veracruz; etc. But that convention was overturned as "absurd" (albeit with very little discussion) in 2014. Would WP:NATURALDAB also allow Tlaxcala City to be moved to Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl? Campeche City to San Francisco de Campeche? Querétaro City to Santiago de Querétaro? That's WP:TITLECON out the window, then. But I'm not as deeply involved in policy as some of the other commentators here appear to be, so I don't know what takes preference there. WP:NATURALDAB does appear to get (ab)used as a way of deprecating parenthetical disambiguators, presumably because people don't like them. Moscow Mule (talk) 18:09, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Also, at Official_names: "[Official names] should be used only if they are actually the name most commonly used." I'm not finding any support in policy, guidelines or conventions to use "Heroica Veracruz" as the title here, much less to prefer it over the current parenthetically disambiguated title. --В²C ☎ 18:17, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Has anyone found a killer smoking-gun reference to support "Heroica Veracruz" being the official name? I haven't. The municipal government doesn't use it. And while en:Veracruz (city) claims that it is (unreferenced), es:Veracruz makes no such claim. Honorific, sobriquet, title, byname: maybe. Moscow Mule (talk) 19:02, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * No. Heroica Veracruz doesn’t seem to check out.  Ngrams puts it below Veracruz City, and I’m not finding it at all in the reference list. —SmokeyJoe (talk) 20:54, 16 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Its clear common name is just Veracruz. -- Necrothesp (talk) 14:13, 18 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose per my comments at Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (geographic names).  Pinguinn     🐧   20:57, 18 January 2023 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Aguascalientes City that might affect this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. — Moscow Mule (talk) 21:56, 2 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Veracruz (city)