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Talk:Conscription Crisis of 1944

Comment
Does anyone think that maybe it would be better to re-title this article as something along the lines of Conscription in Canda During WWII? Because although the situation came to a head during the 1944 crisis, it was a prominently debated and discussed topic from the very beginning of the war (with in fact Trudeau campaigning against it in 1942). Something this article already reflects. The title infers that consciption was only a problem in 1944.

True or false: this article can go in Category:1944. 66.245.95.252 00:11, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Apparently it can, since it has been added there. Whether or not it is appropriate, I don't know, I suppose it fits. Adam Bishop 07:21, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I don't know much about this, I know more about the conscription crisis in WWI, but I was wondering if it might be possible to add a section comparing the two including why there weren't as many or as large of protests and why some French-Canadians werent as heavily opposed to this.say1988 June 30, 2005 17:45 (UTC)
 * I would agree with the above. Despite its title, this article only gives two paragraphs to the actual crisis that gripped the King government between October-December 1944, when the Army badly needed new men owning to heavy losses in Italy, Normandy and the Scheldt, and was desperately pressing the government to sent the Zombies overseas. It might be better to note that the King government actually tried to cover up the extent of the losses that the Army had taken in 1944 to avoid having to make a decision on sending the Zombies overseas. This article might also be better if it examined the rather tense relationship between King and the Canadian Army generals (King had rather paranoid views about the Army leadership), and between King and Ralston. Ralston had resigned from the Cabinet in spring of 1942 when King decided not to sent the "Zombies" overseas despite winning the referendum on 27 April 1942 giving him the mandate to do so, but King had refused to accept his resignation. At the height of the crisis in 1944, King suddenly decided to accept Ralston's resignation that had submitted two years before; technically Ralston was not fired, but to all intents and purposes, King did sack his defense minister in 1944. It might be better to note that many of the Zombies tried to resist going overseas in 1944, which certainly confirmed the image that the volunteers fighting overseas had of them as cowards. I have always maintained that the past does not change, but the memory of the past does change. The memory that Canadians have of World War II is of a "good war" where the Canadian people all united to rid the world of fascism. In fact, the war badly divided Canadian public opinion, and many Canadians, especially in Quebec were completely opposed to Canada fighting in another "British war"; in other words, a great many Canadians did not care about what Nazi Germany was doing, and only wanted to avoid fighting in a war for the British empire again. For an example, the father of Jean Chretien, Welly Chretien campaigned for the yes side in the 1942 referendum, and as the Chretien family were outcasts in Shawinigan for decades afterward. It is not true that the Canadian people all united around the goal of ridding the world of Hitler as many Canadians like to pretend today. A great many Canadians took the view that as far they were concerned Hitler could have all of Europe to do with whatever he pleased with it, and Canada had utterly no business in trying to stop him. It should be noted the most Canadians at the time did not know about the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question", knowledge of which only become widespread after V-E day. However, the Canadian people were savagely unsympathetic on the subject of accepting Jewish refugees at the time, of whom the vast majority of Canadians did not want to see accepted out of the belief that they were all criminals and terrorists; Maurice Duplessis won the 1944 election in Quebec by claiming that his opponent was going to allow 100, 000 Jewish refugees to be settled in Quebec after the war. Mackenzie King was the sort of politician who gives politics a bad name, a man who only did what was popular, never what was right, and the reason why Mackenzie King tried so hard to keep Jewish refugees out of Canada was because that was popular with the Canadian people. If the Canadian people wanted to accept Jewish refugees, King who was a weather-vane politician who only followed public opinion instead of leading it would have been all for accepting Jewish refugees. To use an example; in the 1920s most Canadians were opposed to Asian immigration and in 1923, King banned all Asian immigration to Canada with the Chinese Exclusion Act. In 1942, King interned all of the Japanese-Canadians because that was the popular thing to do. During the war, a number of Chinese-Canadians enlisted in the military despite the fact that they were not allowed to vote or hold office, and some of them were killed for fighting for a nation that did not allow them to vote. So that got enough people upset by the injustice of it all that in 1947 King gave Chinese-Canadians the right to vote, which was followed up by giving all Asian-Canadians the right to vote next year. Note that King was Prime Minister from 1921-26, 1926-30 and from 1935-1948; the fact there was a 1895 law saying that Asian-Canadians may not vote or hold office only become an issue for him in the 1940s when it become an issue for the Canadian people. As one can see on King's changing positions on Asian-Canadians, he was only following public opinion as he was an opportunist devoid of principles or beliefs, and his only desire to hold power by doing the popular thing, never the right thing. Anyone who thinks I am been unfair to King should try reading one of his books or speeches; it is impossible to find out where he stood on the issues. After the 1942 referendum, King told the press his policy from now on was "Conscription if necessary, but not necessarily conscription". So maybe he is for conscription or maybe he is not. Perhaps his dead dog that King used to get advice from his dead mother told him to say that. Getting back to the main topic, it is true that in objective terms, that the Canadians were fighting to end the Holocaust, but subjectively that is not how most Canadians saw the war at the time. This idea that the war was a struggle between a tolerant, multi-cultural Canada vs. aggressively intolerance of Nazi Germany is really a post-war myth as Canadians today project the values of modern Canada onto the Canada that existed 70 years ago. Most of the servicemen who fought in the war, especially those from English-Canada tended to see themselves as fighting for the British Empire, though not to quite the same extent as in World War One. The memory of the war has been changed to fit into it acceptable for modern Canadians. A very difficult aspect of World War II for Canadians today is that those Canadians who really identified with the British Empire were the ones most keen on going all-out against the Third Reich and sending the Zombies overseas while those Canadians who were hostile to the British Empire tended to take anti-war positions. It was the latter group who helped to shape modern Canada, not the former. To use one example, Pierre Trudeau was completely against the war, in which he pointedly did not serve in, and in 1942 he secretly joined an anti-war nationalist group in Montreal committed to a fascistic revolution in Quebec (the group was long on talk and short on action and Trudeau later disassociated himself from his flirtation with fascism). Today, almost all Canadians do not identify with the British Empire as it the definition of Canada proposed by Trudeau and company in the 1960s-70s that has prevailed. The memory of the war in Canada is quite wrong, which explains why the crisis of 1944 does not fit in well to Canadian memory of World War Two today. Now that everybody knows about the Shoah, everybody wants to be against Nazi Germany, and the extent in which French Canada opposed the war as a "British war" that did not concern them has to swept under the carpet. During the conscription crisis of 1944,  Mackenzie King in his usual way waffled and waived, never certain about just what to do, consulted his dead dog to talk to his dead mother for advice, blamed everybody but himself for his problems, and tried to delay the inevitable for as long as possible; it was  not dignified, but he manged to muddle though just like what he always did. Just as aside; why does this article pay such attention to the role of Canadian Communists in campaigning for yes side in the 1942 referendum? It is true that Tim Buck and the CCP did campaign for a yes vote, but it is really unlikely that the yes side won because of the Communists. That is an absurd exaggeration of the amount of influence wielded by the Communists in Canada. That really seems to be violating the rules regarding undue weight. The Conservatives also campaigned for the yes side, and surely they had more influence on the voters than did the Communists, and yet they had not mentioned at all. Just my thoughts. --A.S. Brown (talk) 23:05, 15 May 2017 (UTC)

Date of British Empire's entry
As originally written, the article said that Canada, along with the rest of the British Empire declared war on Germany on September 10, 1939. In fact, Great Britain declared war on the 3rd, as did Australia and New Zealand. South Africa declared war on the 6th.--Ggbroad 12:06, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

Rewrite Needed
This article is rather erratic, jumping around chronologically, and it contains several factual errors. For instance, King never agreed to conscription. He agreed to a one-time levy of 17,000 NRMA men in November 1944. Moreover, it's not clear what much of the discussion in the first section has to do with the conscription crisis of 1944. --Ggbroad 15:37, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

Images
I found two related images, if someone wants to upload and include them. one and two -- TheMightyQuill 19:34, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

Be careful about phrasing
We need to be careful about phrasing such as this: "English Canadians voted 83% in favour, but the proposal received hardly any support from French Canadians, especially in Quebec, where anti-conscription groups (including one led by Henri Bourassa, the most vocal opponent of conscription in 1917) helped 76% of the population vote against the plebiscite". National voter turnout for the plebiscite was 63%. --Ggbroad 16:14, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

Can you provide a source? According to this 63% was the national yes vote (no turnout figure is given) Sixth Estate 17:36, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

A slight error on my part - I got the tallies mixed up as you suggest. Voter turnout was 71%. See:

It would be a simple matter to figure it out province-by-province. There's a breakdown of results for the vote on Wikipedia, and Historical Statistics of Canada, which is now on-line, would tell us the number of eligible voters per province. We should say that 83% of English-Canadian voters and 76% of Quebec voters to be more accurate and factual. --Ggbroad 22:30, 13 February 2007 (UTC)

69 or 79?
Intro says 69 conscripts died; later the article says 79. Probably a typo. Which is correct? 143.117.46.46 (talk) 15:34, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

Authors/Contributors
I would appreciate a list of authors and contributors to both this article and others.

thanks, Roguexeno — Preceding unsigned comment added by Roguexeno (talk • contribs) 16:22, 27 November 2015 (UTC)

Making minor edits changed

reelected, with the threat that they

to

re-elected, with the threat that there

- adding white space for readability Netscr1be (talk) 18:08, 20 June 2017 (UTC)

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Lots of Issues here
I don't have the time/energy to fix everything fully, but...

-Assuming politicians act only for their elected interest, while a decent guess on a day to day basis, isn't encyclopedic. It's also the 1940s. There are no sophisticated polls for them to gauge this, as is implied. If a reader wants to make up their own mind, let them.

-"Zombies" is a pejorative. "Conscripts" or an equivalent should be used.

-Adopting colloquialisms is lazy. The Canadian Army wasn't "doing nothing." They were training and awaiting orders.

-Random tidbits about the war shouldn't just be dropped in. If required for context, yes, if not, there's plenty of other articles. Knoper (talk) 18:22, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

Bias in the article
It seems that large parts of the article are emotionally charged Dogblock (talk) 15:01, 30 December 2017 (UTC)

long winded
The amount of rambling in this article is just absurd. Sheesh. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 170.52.83.121 (talk) 00:10, 1 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Hiya! Speaking as a recovering long-winded blowhard myself, I took multiple stabs at the article to tackle some of the most egregious examples, splitting up marathon run-on sentences (feels like breaking up the Standard Oil monopoly), making the zombie passive tense "go active", and tempering some of those aforementioned emotional cavalry charges! And I even learned a bunch of fascinating history on the way - cheers!! - Benjamin22b (talk) 23:20, 7 February 2022 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Conscription Crisis of 1944


text:
Nash Bridges

Nash Bridges is an American police procedural television series created by Carlton Cuse. The show stars Don Johnson and Cheech Marin as two Inspectors with the San Francisco Police Department's Special Investigations Unit (SIU).

The series ran for six seasons on CBS from March 29, 1996, to May 4, 2001. A total of 122 episodes aired.

A TV film appeared on the USA Network in 2021.

Premise
Nash Bridges stars Don Johnson as the eponymous Nash Bridges, an inspector (and later captain) with the San Francisco Police Department's elite "Special Investigations Unit". The show begins with Bridges in his 40s, twice-divorced, and co-parenting his teenage daughter, Cassidy (Jodi Lyn O'Keefe). Nash convinces recently retired Inspector Joe Dominguez (Cheech Marin), to return to the force and partner with him. Nash and Joe cruise the streets of San Francisco in Nash's 1971 Plymouth Barracuda convertible, a gift from Nash's brother Bobby just before Bobby left for the Vietnam War. The car was originally to be painted Curious Yellow, but was switched to factory Caterpillar Yellow, due to lighting and camera appearances. The car was portrayed by several replicas of a 1971 Hemi 'Cuda convertible.

Bobby Bridges was reported as MIA, but turns up in the season 3 episode "Revelations", played by Jan-Michael Vincent. Nash's father, Nick (James Gammon), suffers from mild dementia and has a habit of getting kicked out of nursing homes. He eventually moves in with Nash, and is often involved in comic subplots that are intertwined with some of the show's dark humor themes.

Aiding Nash in his police work is the technically savvy Harvey Leek (Jeff Perry), a middle-aged "Deadhead" (a die hard Grateful Dead fan). Another is the young, hotheaded Evan Cortez (Jaime P. Gomez), who has an off-and-on relationship with Cassidy. In later seasons, other inspectors and supporting characters were added or removed from the cast.

For the first sixteen episodes, the commander of the SIU was Lieutenant A. J. Shimamura (Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa), a character who was said to have returned to his native Hawaii after failing to be promoted to captain. Shimamura's departure opened the door for Bridges to be promoted to captain and given command of the SIU.

Main

 * Don Johnson as Inspector/Acting Lieutenant/Captain Nash Bridges: Nash is a seasoned police Inspector in his 40s, with a lifelong devotion to the SFPD. He's got a photographic memory and a tendency to call everyone "Bubba" or "Sister." His personal life isn't as balanced as his professional one, starting with his two divorces and a strained relationship with both his aged father and a daughter. An amateur magician with a talent for handcuff tricks, Don Johnson is the only member of the cast to appear in all 122 episodes of the series.
 * Cheech Marin as Inspector/Lieutenant Joe Dominguez: At the start of the series, Insp. Dominguez is talked out of retirement to partner with Nash. He is married to a statuesque Swedish woman, Inger, and together they have a daughter, Lucia, and a son, JJ. Dominguez's character is light-hearted, often making witty, off-the-cuff observations at crime scenes. He has a penchant for getting involved in get-rich quick schemes, often having to be rescued by Nash. The details of Nash & Dominguez's relationship (and why they are such close friends) is revealed during the course of the series: As a young cop with a bright future, Dominguez ruined his reputation by being busted for a DUI. The only person to stand by him was his partner at the time, later revealed to be Nash. In later seasons, Nash & Joe form a private detective agency to make extra money.
 * Jodi Lyn O'Keefe as Cassidy Bridges: Nash's daughter who originally aspired to be an actress. Cassidy had a tough relationship with Evan that had them eventually reconciling and about to marry, before Evan was killed. This inspired Cassidy to join the SFPD after his death. She was then assigned to the SIU as a plain-clothes officer, under her father's command. By the end of the series, Cassidy relocated to Paris to be with her mother.
 * Jeff Perry as Inspector Harvey Leek: A die-hard Grateful Dead fan with a technical background. His wife left him after $5 1/2$ years of marriage because of his commitment to police work. Best friend to Evan and one of Nash's team, and very passionate about his '72 Ford Ranchero. The Ranchero is seen in the series almost as often as Nash's Barracuda until the car was irreparably damaged in a shootout near the end of the fifth season.
 * Jaime P. Gomez as Inspector Evan Cortez (seasons 1–5): Best friend to Harvey and the youngest partner of Nash, who suggested he rejoin working with Joe at the beginning of the series. Evan reminded Nash of what he used to be long ago. He had a stormy relationship with Cassidy, which after many ups and downs, ended when he was killed in the line of duty. Evan had reconciled with Cassidy at the time and was engaged to her for a Las Vegas wedding. Previous to that, Evan went through a painful period during the fifth season after his breakup with Cassidy (after he'd cheated on her on the eve of their wedding) and the loss of his job as a drunk on a downward spiral. With Joe's intervention and his own participation in a 12-Step Alcoholics Anonymous program, the character became a Christian and recovering alcoholic. Jaime Gomez appeared in all but six episodes of the series' first five seasons.
 * Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa as Lieutenant A. J. Shimamura (seasons 1 & 2): A former police superior who worked closely with Nash and the SIU as both co-worker and friend. A. J. held true to a promise that if he wasn't promoted to captain, he would leave the force and move back to his native Hawaii, which occurred during the second season.
 * Serena Scott Thomas as Kelly Bridges (seasons 1 & 2; guest season 3): A socialite and former drug addict, and Nash's second ex-wife.
 * Annette O'Toole as Lisa Bridges (seasons 1 & 2; guest season 4): A caterer by trade, she is Nash's ex-wife and mother of Cassidy. She moved to Paris after she and Nash revealed their true feelings to each other.
 * James Gammon as Nick Bridges (seasons 2–6; recurring season 1): Nash's retired longshoreman father who lives with him. He sometimes gets into some minor trouble which leaves Nash to save him. He also tends to get involved in Joe Dominguez's get rich quick schemes. Nick suffers from light dementia and that affliction was dealt with thoughtfully throughout the series. A source of conflict between him and his son was the character's preference for his older son, Bobby Bridges, over Nash.
 * Mary Mara as Inspector Bryn Carson (season 2; guest seasons 1 & 3): The only female member of the SIU at the beginning of the series, she was often used to go undercover when a woman's role was needed. She was not known to have a very successful romantic life. She transferred out of the SIU at the start of the third season.
 * Kelly Hu as Inspector Michelle Chan (season 3; guest season 4): An aggressive inspector whom Nash took under his wing as a protégé. She was killed in cold blood early in the fourth season by the Prowler, a killer seeking media glory whom Nash killed out of revenge and claimed it as self-defense.
 * Yasmine Bleeth as Inspector Caitlin Cross (seasons 4 & 5): She had a tense relationship with Nash bordering on the unprofessional. Caitlin originally came to the SIU as an MCD Inspector investigating them, but eventually joined them. She had a brief romance with Nash, which ended when she left at the end of the fifth season to help her sister in Washington, D.C.
 * Wendy Moniz as Inspector Rachel McCabe (season 6): Cassidy's senior partner and a new addition to the SIU in the final season. Rachel was a police officer originally working undercover for a corrupt Internal Affairs official. She eventually fell in love with Nash and later sacrificed her career to save Nash when she realized he was being framed.
 * Cress Williams as Inspector Antwon Babcock (season 6): Evan's replacement in the final season. Antwon rescued the SIU from an explosion when he drove a car off a pier on his first day. He preferred to stay out of personal situations, but was very active in the force. He became close friends with Harvey, particularly when Harvey convinced him to reconcile with his father, a dying criminal. He occasionally suffered from epileptic seizures.

Recurring

 * Daniel Roebuck as Inspector Rick Bettina: A crooked SIU police officer turned criminal and a frequent headache to the SIU. In the beginning of the series, he considers Nash (who dislikes Rick) his best friend and at one point was Nash's boss as Rick's mother married the chief of police and gave him a job. Towards the end of the series, he tries to kill Nash and Joe, to cover-up his attempted rip-off of the police retirement fund.
 * Angela Dohrmann as Stacy Bridges (seasons 1–4): Nash's ADA sister.
 * Stephen Lee as Tony B: Mobster and police informant.
 * Patrick Fischler as Pepe: Joe and Nash's gay friend, and secretary of their detective agency.
 * Caroline Lagerfelt as Inger Dominguez (seasons 2–6): Joe's spouse from Sweden and mother of their infant child, and mother of Joe's adult son. A kind woman and loving wife, also the one really in charge of their household.
 * Tracey Walter as Angel (seasons 2–6): A wise spiritual figure who often appears when dispensing advice to Nash as his guardian angel. Dressed as an angel, complete with wings, he wanders the streets of San Francisco.
 * Ronald Russell II as Sergeant Ronnie (seasons 2–6): He's the all around handyman and muscle of the SIU.
 * Christian J. Meoli as Boz Bishop (seasons 3–6): A young rap music inspired employee of Nash and Joe's private investigation agency. A fast talking young man with aspirations to be a private investigator. In reality, Boz is loaded with money and comes from a well-to-do English family. Boz's family lives in the Dunsmuir Hellman Historic Estate in Oakland.
 * Suki Kaiser as Lynette Summers (season 3): The sister of Nash's first ex-wife. While Lisa is in Paris, studying French cookery, Cassidy stays with her aunt in San Francisco.
 * Donna W. Scott as Tamara Van Zant (seasons 3–4 & 6): A con-woman and sometimes Nash's lover. In season 6, she's stabbed and thrown overboard by mobster Vinnie Corell (Costas Mandylor) in the episode "Something Borrowed".
 * Stone Cold Steve Austin as Inspector Jake Cage (seasons 4–5): A former protégé of Bridges now working in Fugitive Retrieval, who occasionally aids the SIU.
 * Alie Ward as Miranda (seasons 4–6): Cassidy's roommate.

Production
The show was produced and filmed on location in the San Francisco Bay Area. The show shot on the streets of San Francisco including The Embarcadero and Piers 30 through 32. Neighboring Treasure Island was used as the headquarters for the show. Hangar 2 on Treasure Island was the location of permanent sets including Nash's apartment The show employed several hundred local workers including production crews and staff members, carpenters, electricians, set designers, grips, set dressers, props, scenic artists, location managers, costumers, drivers, cameramen, special effects, soundmen, makeup and hair stylists and production assistants. Episode production was nearly $2 million per episode.

Nash Bridges premiered on March 29, 1996, at 10:00pm on CBS.

The show was produced by the Don Johnson Company and Carlton Cuse Productions in association with Rysher Entertainment for the first 4 seasons. In 1999, Paramount Network Television took over Rysher's spot after acquiring that company.

The show used three different main theme songs during its initial run. Season 1 used primarily an instrumental piece written by Elia Cmíral. Seasons 2–5 used the theme "I Got a Friend In You" written by Eddie Jobson" and sung by Gigi MacKenzie and is by far the most well known of the show's opening themes. Season 6 changed the theme again, using another primarily instrumental piece with a bit of a techno beat to it, this time written by Velton Ray Bunch. A fourth song, also written by Cmíral which was Johnson's original choice, sometimes replaces the first season song in syndication.

Cancellation
The sixth season of Nash Bridges would be its last; however, the show was obtaining fair ratings from Nielsen. Following its Friday night ratings battle (which it was losing to NBC's Law & Order: Special Victims Unit), the show was canceled. Paramount Network Television, which was producing the show, felt that its $2 million per episode production cost was just too much. CBS was hoping to get a seventh season out of Nash Bridges, but that failed because Paramount wasn't willing to pay, even though at the time, Viacom owned both CBS and Paramount.

Another factor that led to the ending of the series was that Don Johnson wanted out. Johnson was getting tired, and CBS and Paramount had enough episodes to put the series into syndication.

Carlton Cuse went on to become the showrunner for Lost. Lost co-creator Damon Lindelof had started his television writing career on Nash Bridges. He sought out Cuse's advice on how to run Lost.

Broadcast
The show has aired in over 70 countries. It currently airs in the Middle East on MBC's newly launched Action block MBC Action, Crime & Investigation Network, WGN America, Universal HD in the United States, TV1 in Australia, 13th Street in The Netherlands and Universal Channel in Serbia and on CBS Action in the United Kingdom. The series currently airs on H&I on Mondays as part of the channel's "Day Shift," starting at 12 p.m. Eastern/11 a.m. Central for five episodes.

Home media
CBS DVD (distributed by Paramount) released the first three seasons of Nash Bridges on DVD in Region 1 in 2008/2009. As of September 2014, these releases have been discontinued and are now out of print.

On September 10, 2014, it was announced that Visual Entertainment (VEI) has sub-licensed the rights to the series from CBS in Region 1 and would release a complete series collection in early 2015. It was subsequently released on November 18, 2014. The 27-disc set contains all 122 episodes of the series. The complete series was reissued by VEI as a 22-disc set in November 2016 to coincide with the anticipated blu-ray release.

VEI released the complete series on Blu-ray in November 2016 as a 16-disc set.

On February 10, 2015, VEI released season 4 on DVD as a separate season set. They also re-released the first three seasons on DVD on March 3, 2015.

In Region 4, Shock Entertainment has released the first three seasons on DVD in Australia.

King Records is releasing all of the seasons on DVD in Region 2, specifically through the Japanese market.

Revival TV film
On July 18, 2019, it was reported that USA Network was working with Village Roadshow Entertainment Group, which controlled the Rysher Entertainment intellectual property, to revive Nash Bridges. The show would reportedly have series star Don Johnson reprising the titular role and serving as one of the showrunners for the project. It was reported to be a two-hour special which, if successful, could serve as a backdoor pilot for a revival of the series. This revival would follow Nash, still running the SFPD's SIU and working to adjust to a new boss and to the changes of San Francisco in the 2020s. In May 2021, further casting for the television film was announced, with series stars Cheech Marin and Jeff Perry reported to return for the film along with Johnson.

The film premiered on November 27, 2021. In January 2022, the revival was nominated for the Outstanding TV Movie at the 33rd GLAAD Media Awards.

Popular culture references

 * The Sopranos character Christopher Moltisanti, when referring to screenwriter "J.T." Dolan (hired to write the screenplay for 'Cleaver') lists Nash Bridges as one of his credits.
 * In 1997 an episode called "Wild Card" guest starred Philip Michael Thomas (who had been Johnson's co-star in Miami Vice) reuniting Johnson for the first time on television together since Miami Vice, and Tommy Chong (who had been Marin's longtime partner in the Cheech & Chong comedy team) reuniting with Marin. The "Wild Card" episode also contains a nod to Cheech & Chong's iconic "Dave" from their 1972 self-titled debut album. Philip Michael Thomas also guest-starred on an episode called "Out of Miami". It also featured Steven Bauer, the ex-husband of Johnson's ex-wife, Melanie Griffith. He played a Miami drug lord, which is a reference to his main role in the film Scarface. A version of the Miami Vice theme is heard playing in the background. In an early interview, Johnson compared Bridges to his Miami Vice character Sonny Crockett, saying Nash was "the same guy, just... ten years older."
 * In the 1997 season 2 episode, "The Counterfeiters", another one of Johnson's co-stars from Miami Vice, John Diehl, guest stars as a criminal posing as an S.I.U. officer.
 * Aaron Spelling was so eager to cast Yasmine Bleeth in the role of Heather Lane-Williams on NBC's Titans in 2000 that his company convinced CBS to grant her an early release from her Nash Bridges contract.
 * The first script was written by neighbors Don Johnson and Hunter S. Thompson as a TV movie about a drug-addicted cop, Nash, who dated a known mobster's daughter, and his Latino partner. It is said that Thompson appears as a piano player in the pilot but this is an error as it is actually George Michalski, who worked as a Music Consultant for almost the entire run of Nash Bridges.
 * There were six different Barracudas made up to resemble the 1971 Hemi Cuda convertible that Nash drove. Five of these were built from 1970 and 1971 Cuda and Barracuda convertibles and the fifth FX car was made from a 1973 coupe converted into a convertible. The fifth FX car and the sixth 440 4-speed Cuda were built and added in the fifth season so most people think there were only four since earlier promo photos only show four of the six used in filming. None of these actually had Hemi engines, but rather 318–440 engines including new Mopar Performance crate motors. Four cars were automatic transmissions and two were 440 4-speed cars. The color of the car as depicted resembles the factory's "Curious Yellow" option (an allusion by the factory to the movie I Am Curious, Yellow) but, in fact, screen tests proved the factory color did not read well on camera. All show cars were painted an off-the-shelf color from paint distributor Sherwin-Williams.

title: Nash Bridges


text:
Wikipedia:Goings-on/August 8, 2004

Welcome to Wikipedia's goings-on. This page is a central point for community members to collect current information about the community project and to report on recent goings-on. In a sense, it's an announcement page, but it is supposed to collect even those kinds of information that are normally not announced on pages like Announcements (e.g. arbitration progress, outspoken newcomers, amusing things, etc.). However, please notice that this page is explicitly not for discussion. When listing topics here that are being discussed or have been discussed, please link to the appropriate discussion page and discuss it there. For a project-wide update of events, see the Meta goings-on.

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 * August 8: Jimbo celebrates his 38th birthday!
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title: Wikipedia:Goings-on/August 8, 2004


text:
Talk:Battle of Gibraltar (1607)

Native names
If someone could find the original Dutch ship names in Dutch and add them, that would be good. It's customary in English to refer to ship names in their original language (De Roode Leeuw instead of the Red Lion) --kudz75 00:15, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Spanish strenght and losses
I'm going to restore the Spanish strenght and losses acording to Spanish sources for several reasons, but mainly because they are more revealing, setting the number of warships and their crews. In addition, I don't know if there were 21 vessels in the bay, but it's clear that the Spanish lost only 14 units (burned or damaged), of which only 5 were galleons. I think that some sources are trying to exaggerate the result of battle, either on its own initiative or because they have based their research on contemporaneous Dutch sources. So please, don't delete reliable content. ElBufon (talk) 06:32, 28 November 2010 (UTC)

 * I disagree articles must be written from a NPOV this means using sources from both involved parties, I will update the article to reflect this. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Catsclaw (talk • contribs) 18:17, 28 November 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111001011446/http://www.defensie.nl/marine/cultureel/marinemuseum/webspecials/ to http://www.defensie.nl/marine/cultureel/marinemuseum/webspecials

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title: Talk:Battle of Gibraltar (1607)


text:
Talk:TAP Air Portugal

Untitled
"Portugal" sounds redundant as the P in TAP stands for Portugal.

It's part of the Oficial company name, therefore it should stay.--Moebius 11:08, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

Redirected Links:

 * Transportes Aéreos Portugueses

Fair use rationale for Image:TAP Portugal Logo.png
Image:TAP Portugal Logo.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 04:49, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:TAP Portugal Logo.png
Image:TAP Portugal Logo.png is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot 00:41, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

TAP Group
Here are: WhisperToMe (talk) 16:22, 6 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Shareholders structure (Image link, Archive)
 * Estrutura Accionista do Grupo TAP
 * http://www.tapspecials.com/pdfs/pt/2003_050_068.pdf - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhFIQFK
 * http://politicasindical.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/guia_pessoal_navegante.pdf - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhMZIuX
 * http://www.tap-trade.de/downloads/publications/TAP_Annual_Report_2008_en.pdf - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhJJs8e
 * http://jornal.tap.pt/Jornal/jornalTAP80.pdf - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhABNru - Has a diagram of Reduto TAP
 * http://media.flytap.com/mediaRep/editors/Contentimages/PLAN_and_BOOK/PREPARE_for_TRAVEL/Travel_EUA/all_fees.pdf - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhDO0Rx

Destinations
The destinations map is inaccurate, since it cleary lacks Venezuela. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Unnilquadium (talk • contribs) 01:04, 14 February 2012 (UTC)
 * Venezuela may have started after the map was made - contact the map maker and tell him/her to update it. WhisperToMe (talk) 07:25, 9 May 2012 (UTC)

Once again, the destination map is inaccurate (for a reason other than the stated above).

 * The "destinations" article states flights to Argentina have been "Terminated", however the map shows that the airline flies there. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mati360 (talk • contribs) 20:56, 30 June 2013 (UTC)

Slogan
The slogan differs according to language: WhisperToMe (talk) 07:25, 9 May 2012 (UTC)
 * Portuguese: De braços abertos: http://www.flytap.com/mediaRep/editors/logos/logo_tap.png - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhdLtvb
 * English: With arms wide open: http://www.flytap.com/mediaRep/editors/logos/logo_tap_en.png - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhaNUBI
 * Mandarin Chinese: 让我们拥抱 http://www.flytap.com/mediaRep/editors/logos/logo_tap_cn.png - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhWizzB
 * Dutch: met open armen: http://www.flytap.com/mediaRep/editors/logos/logo_tap_nl.png - http://www.webcitation.org/67Wi7siX3
 * French: à bras ouverts: http://www.flytap.com/mediaRep/editors/logos/logo_tap_fr.png - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhgM4Lf
 * German: Mit offenen Armen: http://www.flytap.com/mediaRep/editors/logos/logo_tap_de.png - http://www.webcitation.org/67Whkdcr4
 * Greek: με ανοιχτή αγκαλιά: http://www.flytap.com/mediaRep/editors/logos/logo_tap_el.png - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhmZG3M
 * Italian: a braccia aperte: http://www.flytap.com/mediaRep/editors/logos/logo_tap_it.png - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhoTDFc
 * Polish: z otwartymi ramionami - http://www.flytap.com/mediaRep/editors/logos/logo_tap_pl.png - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhqY2aq
 * Russian: c распaхнyтыми объятиями - http://www.flytap.com/mediaRep/editors/logos/logo_tap_ru.png - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhYWYxZ
 * Spanish: con los brazos abiertos: http://www.flytap.com/mediaRep/editors/logos/logo_tap_es.png - http://www.webcitation.org/67WhiTFHl

From what you write it seems that the slogan does not change at all according to language but it is an exact translation of "de braços abertos". What changes is obviousy the language, the meaning remains the exact same.Francisco8104 (talk) 15:49, 28 September 2013 (UTC)

how to pronounce airline name, t a p por tu gal or tay r pay por tu gal. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 183.88.194.247 (talk) 09:53, 14 July 2014 (UTC)

English speakers mostly say TAP as in "water tap" but Portuguese say TAP as in "up", like saying only Tup in Tupperware. CharlieCares (talk) 05:23, 12 July 2018 (UTC)

TAP going back to "TAP Air Portugal" as its full name
Hi,

Over the last days, TAP has moved to using "TAP Air Portugal" again, as it did until 2005, instead of using "TAP Portugal". and I made several edits to reflect this, but they have all been reverted by for reasons including "a lack of source" (while they were being added) and "addition of copyrighted content" (!) (if brands are seen as copyrighted content, there's a lot of pages to delete on Wikipedia...).

Any comments by other editors before further changes are made?

Slasher-fun (talk) 07:14, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * As I responded on your talk page, the copyright issue was with the logo. Company logos are copyrighted, and any uploaded logos need to be low resolution and have a fair use rationale. Direct downloads from a corporate website are a copyright violation.  As for the name change, whether the company has reverted to an old name or not, Wikipedia cannot report it without a source.  In 2005, TAP had an official name change from TAP Air Portugal to to TAP Portugal.  This was reported, and released to the public, and we have a citation for it.  Without an equivalent source for the reversion to the old name, an ENCYCLOPEDIA cannot state it as fact.  Without a citation, it is rumor and speculation.  Scr ★ pIron IV 13:16, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * OK, thanks for the clarification. I didn't upload the logo on Commons, so if you think the logo shouldn't be there, you should raise this with the uploader on Commons, not me. As for a source, right there hasn't been a proper press release, would this post on TAP's Facebook page be enough for you? Slasher-fun (talk) 16:24, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Any thoughts on this source? Slasher-fun (talk) 08:55, 28 September 2017 (UTC)
 * Facebook? I am sure you aren't seriously considering Facebook as a reliable source for an international company rename... For what it's worth, a reliable source has already been provided, and I thought this discussion was over.  Scr ★ pIron IV 12:59, 28 September 2017 (UTC)

Bitormarques How can we move TAP Portugal page to a new one, under the name "TAP Air Portugal"? I tried to do it myself, but got an error stating that there is already a page under that name...

Fleet size
With Air Portugal new management goals and market strategy developments of the last few years, the exact number and type of operational aircraft in the inventory, will suffer changes from time to time until a (hopefully) regular pattern eventually emerges. Until then, such facts needs updating on a piece meal basis, in an effort to reflect concurrent data. CharlieCares (talk) 09:05, 12 July 2018 (UTC)

Protected edit request
The recent edit on fleet size update (ie. A321Neo CS-TJI and A320Neo CS-TVA, commissioned June and April 2018 respectively) was reverted due to unsubstantiated back up info. Thereby, I would like to request the following link (Https://m.planespoters.net/airline/TAP.Air.Portugal ) be included, as it represents perhaps one of the most reliable existing sources of information on air fleets. Furthermore, the site introduction portion needs rewriting concerning consistency of information. Namely the way total fleet size numbers does not match information given further down the article. Simultaneously, the site administrator has to provide clarity regarding if the regional/domestic subsidiary, TAP Express, is part and parcel of the parent airline or not... the impression given is, yes, however, the total number of aircraft given, doesn't reflect this. Below I include a summary of the current fleet matrix. I'll follow developments with interest. Kind regards. TAP Express; ATR 42/72= 8 ERJ-190   =13 Total =21

Air Portugal A319        =22 A320        =22 A321 Neo = 5  (additional 5 on order) A330 Neo =17 (  "         "   3  "        "  ) A340        = 4 Total =70

Combined current fleet = 91 operational aircraft. CharlieCares (talk) 07:46, 16 July 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:TAP Air Portugal


text:
Bernie Friedman

Bernie Friedman is an attorney in Hollywood, Florida, and a major political figure in South Florida, often called the "sixth commissioner" of Hollywood.

Formerly president of the College Democrats of America, he worked for Rep. Larry Smith during the 1980s before joining the law firm of Becker and Poliakoff in Hollywood.

Friedman has been accused of ethics violations because of his dual role as attorney for condominium developers and lobbyist for the city of Hollywood, and because of his extensive fundraising for political candidates in South Florida.

He is currently chairman of the American Democracy Project.

In 2012, Bernie Friedman suffered from a near death experience, when according to Mr Friedman, a crazy local news reporter allegedly tried to kill him by pushing him down an escalator just to get a story.

title: Bernie Friedman


title: Category:1860s


text:
Desperate Housewives

Desperate Housewives is an American comedy-drama mystery television series created by Marc Cherry and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions. It aired for eight seasons on ABC from October 3, 2004, until May 13, 2012, for a total of 180 episodes. Executive producer Marc Cherry served as showrunner. Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily, George W. Perkins, John Pardee, Joey Murphy, David Grossman, and Larry Shaw.

Set on Wisteria Lane, a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State, Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their friend and neighbor who commits suicide in the pilot episode. The story line covers fifteen years of the women's lives over eight seasons, set between the years 2004–2008, and later 2013–2018 (the story line includes a five-year jump in time, as well as flashbacks and flashforwards ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s). They work through domestic struggles and family life, while facing the secrets, crimes, and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their—on the surface—beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood.

The series features an ensemble cast, headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer, Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo, Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp, and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis. The supporting cast included Nicollette Sheridan as Edie Britt, Dana Delany as Katherine Mayfair, and Vanessa Williams as Renee Perry. Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young, appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences.

Desperate Housewives was well-received by viewers and critics alike, receiving many accolades. It won multiple Primetime Emmy, Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards. From the 2004–05 through the 2008–09 television seasons, its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series. In 2007, it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide, with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third-most-watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries. In 2012, it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide, which measured ratings across five continents; it has held this position since 2006. Moreover, it was the third-highest revenue-earning series for 2010, with $2.74 million per half an hour. The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly "New TV Classics" list.

In August 2011, it was confirmed that the eighth season of Desperate Housewives would be the show's last; the series finale aired on May 13, 2012. By the end of the series, it had surpassed Charmed with the most episodes in an hour-long television series featuring all female leads.

Premise
The first season premiered on October 3, 2004, and introduces the four central characters of the show: Susan Mayer, Lynette Scavo, Bree Van de Kamp and Gabrielle Solis, as well as their families and neighbors on Wisteria Lane. The main mystery of the season is the unexpected suicide of Mary Alice Young, and the involvement of her husband Paul Young (Mark Moses) and their son Zach (Cody Kasch) in the events leading up to it. Susan fights promiscuous neighbour Edie Britt (Nicollette Sheridan) for the affection of new neighbor Mike Delfino (James Denton), Lynette struggles to cope with her four demanding children, Bree fights to save her marriage to Rex Van de Kamp (Steven Culp) while dealing with her rebellious son Andrew Van de Kamp (Shawn Pyfrom), and Gabrielle tries to prevent her husband Carlos Solis (Ricardo Antonio Chavira) from discovering that she is having an affair with their gardener, John Rowland (Jesse Metcalfe). The first season is also marked by mystery surrounding the murder of a neighbour and some secrets revealed about Zach, Mike, and Paul. At the end of the season both Paul and Zach go missing.

The second season premiered on September 25, 2005, and its central mystery is that of new neighbor Betty Applewhite (Alfre Woodard), who moves onto Wisteria Lane with her son Matthew in the middle of the night. She keeps someone prisoner in her basement who tries to escape multiple times. Throughout the season, Bree tries to cope with being a widow, unknowingly begins dating the man who had poisoned her husband, fights alcoholism, and is unable to prevent the gap between her and her son Andrew from growing to extremes, and deals with her daughter Danielle's new romance with Matthew Applewhite. Susan's love life becomes even more complicated as she has serious conflicts with Mike, and her ex-husband Karl Mayer (Richard Burgi) who is engaged to Edie, also starts to lean towards Susan. Lynette goes back to her career in advertising while her husband Tom Scavo (Doug Savant) becomes a stay-at-home father, and Gabrielle decides to be faithful to Carlos, who is now in prison after being double-crossed by a business partner, and begins preparations to have a child. Paul is framed and sent to jail, not for the murder he committed in the previous season, but for a fake one. Paul's son Zack reconnects with his wealthy maternal grandfather.

The third season premiered on September 24, 2006. In the third season, Bree marries Orson Hodge (Kyle MacLachlan), whose past and involvement with a recently discovered dead body becomes the main mystery of the season. Meanwhile, Lynette has to adjust to the arrival of Tom's previously unknown daughter and her mother to the family. The Scavos also experience tension as Tom wants to start a pizzeria. Gabrielle goes through a rough divorce, tries to get back into modelling, but finally finds new love in Fairview's new mayor, Victor Lang. After being run over by Orson in the previous season finale, Mike falls into a coma and suffers from amnesia when he wakes up. Edie sees her chance to make her move on Mike, and her family relations are explored throughout the season. Susan loses hope that Mike's memory will return and in the process moves on to a handsome Englishman, Ian Hainsworth (Dougray Scott), whose wife is also in a coma, while her daughter Julie Mayer (Andrea Bowen) starts dating Edie's nephew, Austin McCann (Josh Henderson), of which Susan disapproves. Elderly neighbor Karen McCluskey (Kathryn Joosten) hides something in her freezer. A shooting at the local grocery store leaves two characters dead and changes everyone's lives forever.

The fourth season premiered on September 30, 2007, and its main mystery revolves around new neighbor Katherine Mayfair (Dana Delany) and her family, who return to Wisteria Lane after twelve years away. Lynette battles cancer; the newlywed—but unhappy—Gabrielle starts an affair with her ex-husband Carlos; Susan and Mike enjoy life as a married couple and learn that they are expecting a child; Bree fakes a pregnancy and plans to raise her teenage daughter's illegitimate child as her own; and Edie schemes to hold on to her new love, Carlos, who has moved in with Mike as an interim arrangement. A gay couple from Chicago—Lee McDermott (Kevin Rahm) and Bob Hunter (Tuc Watkins)—become residents of Wisteria Lane. A tornado threatens to destroy everything, and everyone, that the housewives hold dear. In the closing minutes, the characters and their story have flashed forward by five years.

The fifth season premiered on September 28, 2008, with the time period jumping forward five years after the previous season, with some flashbacks to events which happened between the two periods. The season mystery revolves around Edie's new husband, Dave Williams (Neal McDonough), who is looking for revenge on someone on Wisteria Lane (later revealed to be Mike because of a road accident Mike and Susan were involved in that killed Dave's wife and daughter). Susan and Mike are divorced due to the accident putting pressure on their marriage. Susan deals with being a single mother and having a new romance with her painter, while Mike starts dating Katherine. Lynette and Tom learn that their now teenage son Porter is having an affair with a married woman whose husband's nightclub burns down with all of Wisteria Lane's neighbors inside. Gabrielle struggles with Carlos' blindness, triggered in an injury during the tornado in season 4; two overweight young daughters; and a financial crisis. Bree and Orson have marriage problems because Bree had pressured Orson into doing time in prison for running over Mike and he resents her. She has become too focused on her career as a successful cookbook writer and caterer, and her daughter Danielle had come to claim back her son while Orson was in prison. Edie dies of electrocution after a car crash, before she can expose Dave's motives moments after she discovers his secret.

The sixth season premiered on Sunday, September 27, 2009, at 9pm. The main mystery of this season is surrounding new neighbor Angie Bolen (Drea de Matteo) and her family. The first half of the season consists of Julie being strangled by an unknown person, the conflict between Gabrielle and her niece Ana Solis (Maiara Walsh), Karen McCluskey finding new love, Lynette's attempts to sue her new boss Carlos for firing her for getting pregnant, Katherine's eventual mental breakdown at losing Mike to Susan, and Bree's affair with Karl, which ends tragically when Karl's hired plane crashes into a building with him and Orson inside, killing Karl and leaving Orson paraplegic. The second half of the season focuses on Katherine experimenting with her sexuality, Lynette unknowingly inviting the Fairview strangler to stay with them before discovering the truth, the conflict between Bree and a son of Rex whom he had before meeting her, and the solving of the Bolen mystery.

The seventh season premiered on September 26, 2010, and its main mystery is Paul's return to Wisteria Lane with a new wife and with plans of punishing the residents for shunning him during his incarceration, while an old nemesis of his still plans to get her own revenge on him. Lynette's best friend from college Renee Perry (Vanessa Williams) moves onto the lane and stirs things up among the other housewives. Gabrielle and Carlos learn an unsettling fact about their daughter Juanita Solis (Madison De La Garza) (who was switched at birth), which ultimately leads them back to Gabrielle's home town of Las Colinas. A now divorced Bree starts dating her contractor, and reveals the truth about the death of Carlos' mother Juanita at the hands of her son Andrew in the second season, consequently ending the friendship between the Solis family and Bree. Due to financial problems, Susan and her family have moved off the lane, and Susan is forced to earn money by doing pornography. Following a major riot on the lane, Susan is injured and put on the waiting list for a vital organ donation. Lynette persuades Tom to take an exciting new job, which leads to unprecedented problems in their marriage.

The eighth and final season premiered on Sunday, September 25, 2011. The main mystery of the season is the death of Gabrielle's perverted stepfather Alejandro Perez (Tony Plana) at Carlos' hands, and its cover-up by the four housewives, which occurred in the previous season finale. After the murder, Bree receives a blackmail letter from an unknown person similar to the one Mary Alice had received in the first season. Due to her relationship with detective Chuck Vance (Jonathan Cake), Bree becomes the main character affected by the cover-up of Alejandro's murder, and is eventually accused of killing Alejandro herself. A new neighbor, Ben Faulkner (Charles Mesure), moves onto the lane, attracting Renee along the way. Ben is going through severe financial problems, and resorts to a dangerous and unruly loan shark to bail him out. Mike meddles in the business of Ben's loan shark in an attempt to protect Renee, but he is eventually shot dead by the loan shark. During the first half of the season, Susan struggles with the guilt of her involvement in the Alejandro case, and during the second half, she tries to deal with both Julie's unexpected pregnancy at the hands of Lynette's son Preston and Mike's death. Following the cover-up of Alejandro's murder, Carlos develops an alcohol problem, but Gabrielle persuades him to recover in rehab, which eventually results in Gabrielle and Carlos switching house roles. Tom moves out of the family home, and Lynette struggles to come to terms with how quickly Tom seems to have moved on, until she accepts that she is still in love with him, and decides she will try to win him back. Mrs. McCluskey receives worrying news about her health and decides to end it all, but Bree manages to convince her otherwise.

The two-hour series finale, which aired on Sunday, May 13, 2012, featured the conclusion of Bree's court case. To bring the series to a conclusion, there was a wedding, a birth, and a death, and the future of the four main housewives was revealed.

Cast and characters
During its premiere season, the show featured thirteen starring actors, all credited in the opening sequence. For the show's second year, several actors, mainly child and teenage ones, who had guest starred during the first season, were promoted to series regulars without having their names included in the opening sequence. Instead, they were billed as "also starring" during the first minutes of each episode, together with episode guest stars. This practice continued for the rest of the season.

Legend

 * = Starring cast (credited)
 * = Also starring cast (credited)
 * = Recurring cast (3+)
 * = Guest cast (1–2)

 * Cast Notes

Production
The idea for the series was conceived as Marc Cherry and his mother were watching a news report on Andrea Yates. Prior to Desperate Housewives, Cherry was best known for producing and writing episodes of Touchstone Television's hit comedy series The Golden Girls and its successor, The Golden Palace. In addition, he had created or co-created three sitcoms: The 5 Mrs. Buchanans, The Crew, and Some of My Best Friends, none of which lasted longer than a year. Cherry had difficulty getting any television network interested in his new series; HBO, CBS, NBC, Fox, Showtime, and Lifetime all turned the show down. Finally, two new executives at ABC, Lloyd Braun and Susan Lyne, chose to greenlight it, reportedly after The O.C. on Fox premiered in 2003 and showed that a soap opera could succeed in prime time. Marc Cherry stated: "In April 2002, I was absolutely 'desperate.' I was broke, couldn't even land an interview for a screenplay, and was seriously worried about my future. I had just turned forty and was starting to wonder if I wasn't one of those poor deluded souls wandering around Hollywood convinced they were talented screenwriters when all evidence pointed to the contrary. But since I have a considerable amount of self-esteem [...], I started writing the first draft of Desperate Housewives, convinced it could turn my life around. Guys, if I hadn't seen it right!". Shortly thereafter, Disney had both Braun and Lyne fired, following their approval of another new drama series: Lost.

The ABC executives were not initially satisfied with the name of the new show, suggesting Wisteria Lane and The Secret Lives of Housewives, instead. However, on October 23, 2003, Desperate Housewives was announced by ABC, presented as a primetime soap opera created by Charles Pratt Jr., of Melrose Place fame, and Marc Cherry, who declared the new show to be a mix of Knots Landing and American Beauty (1999) with a little bit of Twin Peaks. While Cherry continued his work on the show, Pratt was credited as executive producer for the pilot episode only, remaining linked to the show as a consulting producer during the first two seasons.

On May 18, 2004, ABC announced the 2004–2005 lineup, with Desperate Housewives in the Sunday at 9:00–10:00 p.m. ET slot, which it held all through the run of the show. After only three episodes, on October 20, 2004, ABC announced that Desperate Housewives, along with Lost, had been picked up for a full season. A couple of weeks later after Housewives premiered the owners of NBC called to see who had passed on the series due to its ratings success.

Desperate Housewives was produced by creator Marc Cherry (Cherry Productions), Austin Bagley and, since 2007, ABC Studios. From 2004 to 2007, Desperate Housewives was produced in association with Touchstone Television.

Production crew
Cherry, Tom Spezialy, and Michael Edelstein served as executive producers for the show's first two seasons. Spezialy, who also served as a staff writer, left his previous position as writer and executive producer for Dead Like Me to join the Desperate Housewives crew. He had also worked as writer and co-executive producer on several shows, among them Ed, Jack and Jill, and Parker Lewis Can't Lose, while Edelstein had been the executive producer of Threat Matrix and Hope & Faith.

Second season conflicts arose among the executive producers. Subsequently, Edelstein left the show mid-season, and by the season's end, so did Spezialy. For the third year, Cherry was joined by award-winning writer and producer Joe Keenan—of Frasier fame—and television movie producer George W. Perkins, who had been a crew member of Desperate Housewives since the show's conception. Although receiving praise for his work on the show, Keenan chose to leave Desperate Housewives after one season to pursue other projects. Replacing him as executive producer for season 4 was Bob Daily, who had joined the crew as a writer and co-executive producer during season 3. Daily's previous work include writing for the animated series Rugrats, and for Frasier. Also joining Cherry, Perkins, and Daily for season 4 were John Pardee and Joey Murphy, who had been with the series since the beginning. Both had also worked on Cherry's previous show, The Crew, in 1995, as well as on the sitcom Cybill.

In the first four seasons, Larry Shaw and David Grossman have been the most prolific directors, together directing more than half of the episodes.

Filming

Desperate Housewives was filmed on Panavision 35 mm cameras (except for the final season, which was shot digitally on the Arri Alexa). It was broadcast in standard and widescreen high definition, though it was framed for the 4:3 aspect ratio until the final season.

The set for Wisteria Lane, consisting mainly of facades but also of some actual houses, was located on the Universal Studios Hollywood back lot. It was referred to by film crews as Colonial Street, and has been used for several motion pictures and television shows since the mid-1940s. Notable productions that were filmed here include: So Goes My Love, Leave it to Beaver, The 'Burbs, Providence, Deep Impact, Bedtime for Bonzo, The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, Gremlins, The Munsters, Psycho, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and the Doris Day comedies The Thrill of It All and Send Me No Flowers. For the second season of Desperate Housewives, the street underwent some significant changes. Among the most noticeable of these changes was the removal of a church facade and a mansion in order to make room for Edie's house and a park.

Interior sets were built on sound stages at Universal Studios Hollywood, some of which were duplicated in some form on the Wisteria Lane back lot for filming when conditions required it.

Filming for the series ended April 26, 2012.

Opening sequence
The initial idea for the show's opening sequence was Cherry's. After asking 16 companies to come up with suggestions for how best to realize it, the producers finally hired Hollywood-based yU+co to provide the final version. According to the yU+co's official website, the idea behind the sequence is, "to evoke the show's quirky spirit and playful flouting of women's traditional role in society." The images featured are taken from eight pieces of art, portraying domesticity and male–female relations through the ages.

The music for the opening was composed by Danny Elfman, and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Design in 2005. It also has been awarded both a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music in 2005 and the BMI TV Music Award. In 2005, it was included on the album Music from and Inspired by Desperate Housewives. In 2017, James Charisma of Paste ranked the show's opening sequence at the 29th position on a list of The 75 Best TV Title Sequences of All Time. When an episode runs long, only the first sequence (the falling apple) is kept. From the fourth season onwards, a shortened synthesized version of the theme (arranged and performed by frequent series composer Steve Jablonsky) is heard, which underscores the falling apple scene, and the photograph of the four lead actresses, crediting Marc Cherry as creator.

Music
In addition to the theme composed by Danny Elfman, the first two episodes scored by Elfman's former Oingo Boingo bandmate Steve Bartek, and the third episode scored by ex-Police Stewart Copeland, the series underscore music, composed by Steve Jablonsky since the fourth episode of the first season, defines the overall sound of the show by creating a musical counterpoint to the writing style. The score is electronic-based, but every scoring session incorporates a live string ensemble. Jablonsky incorporates recurring themes for events and characters into the score. Hollywood Records produced the first soundtrack album, Music from and Inspired by Desperate Housewives (2005), distributed by Universal Music Group. Several of those songs have been used in subsequent seasons.

Desperate Housewives' unique style combined with the heavy dialogue and a quick-fire writing style limits the amount of popular music used within the series. The series' music supervisor, David Sibley, works closely with the producers to integrate these musical needs into the show. In addition to featured performances by central characters such as Susan Mayer singing along with Rose Royce's "Car Wash" and Lynette's rendition of "Boogie Shoes", several characters have been accomplished musicians, such as Betty Applewhite (a concert pianist) and Dylan Mayfair (a prodigy cellist).

Later seasons
In August 2009, Marc Cherry said that Desperate Housewives would be on television for a few more years, stating that the series still "has a lot of life left in it." He told The Wrap: "Steve McPherson (ABC Entertainment president) and I agree that we shouldn't keep the show going for more than a couple [of] years past my seven-year initial contract. We don't want it to just fade away. We've been in negotiations. I expect to sign my new deal soon to set up a future scenario for the show. Someone else will run the show after season seven and I will serve as executive producer from a distance." He went on to explain that he felt the program had been revitalized by the five-year leap forward for season five, saying: "Yes, I think it worked well. It was a way to start fresh and let everyone start from scratch in a way".

In October 2009, Cherry signed a two-year deal with ABC that could keep Desperate Housewives on the air until 2013. The stars of Desperate Housewives finalized new deals to make way for the eighth season and signed at the price of $12 million.

Cherry hinted that Desperate Housewives would end in 2013, and in April 2011, Eva Longoria confirmed that there would definitely be an eighth season and expressed hopes for a ninth. Desperate Housewives was officially renewed by ABC on May 17, 2011, for an eighth season.

Final season
In August 2011, it was confirmed that the eighth season of Desperate Housewives would be the final season. Eva Longoria tweeted about the end of Desperate Housewives: "It's confirmed! We are filming our last season of Desperate Housewives! I am so grateful for what the show has given me! We always knew we wanted to end on top and I thank ABC for giving us our victory lap! And a special thanks to Marc Cherry who forever changed my life!"

Cherry, the show's creator, made a cameo as a mover in the last scene of the final episode.

Critical response
The show was the biggest success of the 2004–05 television season, being well received by both critics and viewers. The pilot episode had 21.3 million viewers making it the best new drama for the year, the highest-rated show of the week, and the best performance by a pilot for ABC, since Spin City in 1996.

Along with Lost and Grey's Anatomy, Desperate Housewives was credited to have turned around ABC's declining fortunes. Many critics agreed with Cherry's initial comparison to the popular black comedy film American Beauty, while its themes and appeal to female viewers were compared to those of the award-winning series Sex and the City, and its mysteries were said to resemble those of David Lynch's classic series Twin Peaks. In its first review, USA Today proclaimed the show to be "refreshingly original, bracingly adult and thoroughly delightful" and naming it to be "sort of Knots Landing meets The Golden Girls by way of Twin Peaks".

Following the initial success of the show, the term "desperate housewives" became a cultural phenomenon. This warranted "real-life desperate housewives" features in TV shows, including The Dr. Phil Show, and in magazines. Among the more prominent names to declare themselves fans of the show were Oprah Winfrey, who also dedicated an episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show to her visit at the film set; and the former First Lady of the United States, Laura Bush, who, in a comedic speech during a dinner with White House Correspondents' Association on April 30, 2005, stated, "Ladies and gentlemen, I am a desperate housewife", referring to the show. The series ended up being the fourth-most-watched in the United States during the 2004–2005 season, with 23.7 million viewers each week. The first-season finale was watched by 30.62 million American viewers becoming the most watched episode of the series.

For its second year, the show still maintained its ratings—with 22.2 million viewers, it reclaimed its position as the number four most-watched series. The second season's premiere was watched by 28.4 million viewers. The episode drew in the second largest audience for the series in its history. However, several critics started to notice a declining quality of the show's script, and USA Today Robert Bianco suggested that the part of the series getting "less good" was that showrunner Cherry had left much of the series writing in the hands of others. Midway through the season executive producer Michael Edenstein left the show due to conflicts with Cherry and in May 2006, just a couple of weeks prior to the second-season finale, so did Tom Spezialy. After the end of the season, Cherry agreed that the second year's script had been weaker and also agreed that it had been a mistake to let go too much of the show. He now stated that he was back full-time, claiming that both he and the writing staff had learned from their mistakes.

The critics generally agreed on the improved quality for the third year,  but the overall ratings fell notably from previous seasons. Due to complications from her pregnancy, Marcia Cross was put on bed rest. After filming one episode from her own personal bedroom she was forced to take maternity leave with eight episodes of season three still remaining. It was predicted that the ratings would be down by over 25% since the premiere year. However, for the last three episodes of the season, the rating turned somewhat, and the season ended up with 17.5 million viewers, falling from number four to number ten on the list of most watched shows. While Cross' departure allowed for the much-underused Edie to have more story, fans noticed a decline in the stories during Cross' departure. Stories such as Lynette's emotional affair with restaurant manager Rick proved unpopular. Furthermore, Susan's contrived triangle with Ian and Mike seemed tiresome to many viewers, particularly in an episode where Susan is lost in the woods trying to find Mike. Notable, however, was that the show's rating among viewers age 18–24 increased from the previous season.

For its fourth season, the series proved to have staying power. The series averaged 18.2 million viewers. Ratings rose in the ninth episode "Something's Coming", where 20.6 million viewers tuned in to see the heavily marketed tornado episode. The show once again moved back into the top five highest-rated programs in the 2007–2008 season, being the number-one ABC drama and beating popular medical drama Grey's Anatomy after falling behind it for the first time in the third season. It also became for the first time the number-one scripted series, beating CSI: Crime Scene Investigation.

Although ratings were down for the fifth season, along with every scripted series on television, Desperate Housewives was still the most-watched scripted series on ABC, consistently beating the other ABC flagship shows, Lost and Grey's Anatomy, although the latter is still number one in the 18–49 demographic, followed by Desperate Housewives.

Similar to the fifth season, ratings were down for the sixth season because of heavy competition in many airings, but the show still managed to remain the second most watched scripted show on ABC and the eleventh most watched scripted show of all broadcast television. The series continued to hit lower ratings, because of competition like the 67th Golden Globe Awards, 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, 2010 Winter Olympics, and the new CBS reality television series Undercover Boss. Nevertheless, the sixth season managed to finish in the top twenty overall, both in total viewers and 18–49 demographic audiences. Among scripted shows, it still ranked in the top ten, in both categories.

The seventh season premiered on September 26, 2010, and averaged 11.85 million viewers. The season saw new lows for the series reaching for the first time below 10 million viewers, and saw lows of 2.7 in the 18–49 demographic. For the first half of the season, ratings started strong averaging 12.3 million viewers and 3.9 in the 18–49 demographic which is similar to the second half of the sixth season. However, ratings declined in the second half of the season, after two contiguous episodes had to compete against the 68th Golden Globe Awards and then the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards. The show failed to recover to viewer levels hit in the first half of the season, and continued to receive 9–10 million viewers and 2.7–3.1 in the 18–49 demographic. This was the first time in its history that Desperate Housewives would not place in the twenty most watched shows of the season, although it would place in the twenty most-watched scripted shows.

The eighth season continued to see declines in the series' ratings. The season premiered to 9.93 million viewers and a 3.2 in the demo making it the least-watched season premiere in the series' history. The season began with ratings similar to those of the latter half of season 7, averaging 8–9 million viewers, and between a 2.8 to 3.0 in the 18–49 demographic. However, after the mid-season finale the ratings returned lower, hitting the seven million viewer mark and a 2.2–2.5 in the demo. The season also saw the lowest ratings in the show's eight-year run. Opposite the 54th Annual Grammy Awards, which featured a tribute to the then-recently deceased entertainer Whitney Houston, and the mid-season premiere of The Walking Dead on AMC, the show fell to a 1.8 rating in adults 18–49 and 6.4 million viewers. However unlike the seventh season, the show's ratings slightly recovered after the series low and leveled around the eight million viewer mark and a 2.6 in the demo. Despite the series lows, the season finale was able to go out on a season high in the ratings and the highest rated episode in over a year and a half, since March 2011 with "Searching". The series finale titled "Finishing the Hat" aired May 13, 2012 was viewed by 11.12 million viewers and a 3.2 in the demo. Despite the lows in the ratings the show managed to remain in the top twenty-five-watched shows in the 18–49 demographic, placing at number twenty-five. However, the show dropped out of the top thirty most-watched shows in total viewers, coming in at thirty-fifth place.

In 2006, the American cable network Bravo launched their reality series, The Real Housewives of..., in the footsteps of the "real life desperate housewives" phenomenon. That program has taken place in areas such as Orange County (California), Atlanta, and two series within the New York-Tri-State Region, within the City itself and the New Jersey suburbs. According to a survey of twenty countries conducted in 2006 by Informa Telecoms and Media, Desperate Housewives was the third-most-watched television series in the world, after fellow American series CSI: Miami and Lost. During a fundraising auction for the British child charity ChildLine in December 2006, a walk-on part in Desperate Housewives had the highest bid, £17,000, beating Daniel Craig's James Bond tuxedo from Casino Royale.

In its first public release of online individual television program rankings, Nielsen Media Research announced that the series had 723,000 unique online viewers in December 2008. Desperate Housewives was the seventh-most-pirated television show of 2009.

In fall 2013, North Korea allegedly executed eighty people for watching banned South Korean soap operas, Desperate Housewives being the most common soap opera. Desperate Housewives was being secretly watched using mp3 players, hard drives, and DVDs.

In September 2015, Desperate Housewives ranked at number one hundred on The Hollywood Reporter's "Hollywood's 100 Favorite TV Shows", as determined by television industry professionals.

Accolades
For its premiere season, the show was awarded seven Primetime Emmy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards and two Screen Actors Guild Awards. The nominations of all of the leading actresses except Eva Longoria for both the Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award received some media interest. While Longoria seemingly wasn't bothered, stating for the press that "I'm new. I just arrived. I didn't expect at all to be in the minds of the Academy", Marc Cherry regarded them being left out as a "horrendous error". In the end, the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series went to Felicity Huffman, while Teri Hatcher won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Musical or Comedy, as well as the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Actress – Comedy Series.

The show's second Golden Globe Award for its first year was for Best Series – Musical or Comedy at the 62nd Golden Globe Awards, while the other Primetime Emmy Awards went to Kathryn Joosten, for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series, for her guest role as Karen McCluskey (beating, among others, fellow cast member Lupe Ontiveros); to Charles McDougall, for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series, for his direction of "Pilot"; to Danny Elfman, for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music, for his theme music; for Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series of "Pilot"; and for Outstanding Casting for a Comedy Series at the 57th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards. The entire cast was awarded the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Cast – Comedy Series (in both 2004 and 2005), and Nicollette Sheridan was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film.

In 2006, the show continued to receive several nominations. It was awarded with yet another Golden Globe Award for Best Series – Musical or Comedy at the 63rd Golden Globe Awards, and all the four leading women received Golden Globe Award nominations, although none of them won. The cast ensemble was awarded with another Screen Actors Guild Award, as was Felicity Huffman. Primetime Emmy Award nominations at the 58th Primetime Emmy Awards included, among others, guest actress Shirley Knight and supporting actress Alfre Woodard, although none of them resulted in a win. It was nominated for the Pioneer Award at the BAFTA awards but lost to Doctor Who, which at the time was recently revamped.

The show did continue to be nominated in 2007—Felicity Huffman was granted a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for the second time, and guest actresses Laurie Metcalf and Dixie Carter also received Primetime Emmy Award nominations, at the 59th Primetime Emmy Awards. The show, along with actresses Marcia Cross and Felicity Huffman, received Golden Globe Award nominations at 64th Golden Globe Awards, and Huffman and the cast ensemble were also nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Awards. None of the Primetime Emmy Award, Golden Globe Award, or Screen Actors Guild Award nominations resulted in any actual awards.

2008 yielded the least nominations with none at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and only the cast being nominated at the Screen Actors Guild Awards. The show was nominated for four Primetime Emmy Awards at the 60th Primetime Emmy Awards, including acting nods towards Polly Bergen and Kathryn Joosten for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series. Joosten won the show's seventh Primetime Emmy Award and first since its debut year.

Nominations continued to decline in later years. Notable nominations included nods towards Beau Bridges and Kathryn Joosten in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Additionally, Brenda Strong received her first Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance at the 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards in 2011, a notable feat for a category usually dominated by animated series. Also in 2011, Vanessa L. Williams won a NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series at the 41st NAACP Image Awards and a Satellite Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television. Strong and Joosten received Primetime Emmy Award nominations again at 64th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2012 and Williams won a NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for the series' eight and final season in 2013.

Other notable awards include the People's Choice Award for Favorite New Television Drama at the 31st People's Choice Awards, the Future Classic Award at the 2005 TV Land Awards, the TP de Oro for Best Foreign Series in 2006, and seven Golden Nymph Awards at Monte-Carlo Television Festivals, among others.

Broadcast
From 2006 to 2012, it was syndicated on Lifetime in the United States. While the series no longer airs in the United States anymore, it still airs reruns internationally on channels such as Star World in the Middle East and Sky One, Sky Comedy, and Universal TV in Germany.

Internationally, the show aired on networks such as: OSN Series First and Showtime Arabia in the Middle East, CTV in Canada, Seven Network in Australia, n(Poland) in Poland, CNBC-e in Turkey, FoxLife in Italy, Portugal, Greece and Poland, RTE Two in Ireland, M-Net in Africa, TV2 in New Zealand, SF2 in Switzerland, ORF1 in Austria, ProSieben in Germany, Sony Entertainment Television in Latin America, TV 2 in Norway, Nelonen in Finland, 8TV in Malaysia, Channel 4, S4C, and E4 in the United Kingdom, yes stars 1 in Israel, La 2 in Spain, TV2 in Hungary, Tv Azteca in Mexico, Star World in Asia, BTV in Bulgaria, Polsat in Poland, TV3 in Latvia and Lithuania, Channel 5 in Singapore, RTS in Serbia, Canal+ and M6 in France, POPTV in Slovenia, A1 Televijza in Macedonia.

Home media and digital downloads
There have only been DVD releases of the series. On Prime Video and Hulu, the series is available for streaming in 1080p HD; otherwise for offline viewing, all episodes of the show can be purchased from Prime Video, Google Play or Vudu. It is also available on Disney+ in countries that have the Star brand. There has been no Blu-ray release as of 2024.

Games
Buena Vista Games released the life simulation computer video game Desperate Housewives: The Game on October 5, 2006, in North America, featuring an original story line spanning 12 episodes. The game is set on Wisteria Lane, but the player does not play as any of the housewives, although they frequently appear. A couple of months later, Gameloft released a mobile game based on the series. "The inspiration for Gameloft's take on Desperate Housewives comes from the most unlikely place, too—the original Mario Party on the Nintendo 64."

In 2007, British company Re:creation published Desperate Housewives Dirty Laundry Game, a board game based on the third season of Desperate Housewives. Players attempt to guess their opponents' secrets by answering trivia questions, while keeping clues to their own secrets concealed.

In June 2017, Megazebra released Desperate Housewives: The Game on App Store and on Google Play. Play as new neighbor on Wisteria Lane.

Soundtrack and literature
In September 2005, Hollywood Records released a soundtrack album distributed by Universal Music Group, Music from and Inspired by Desperate Housewives, featuring music inspired by the series, as well as sound clips taken from the first season of the series. The songs included have been described as promoting "girl power", and among the artists appearing—all being female—were LeAnn Rimes, Gloria Estefan and Shania Twain. Controversially, no music composed for the series was included on the album.

Two books have been officially released within the Desperate Housewives franchise. In September 2005, ABC's sister company Hyperion Books released Desperate Housewives: Behind Closed Doors (ISBN 978-1-4013-0826-1), a companion to the first season of the series, written by the production team behind the series. One year later, in October 2006, Hyperion published The Desperate Housewives Cookbook – Juicy Dishes and Saucy Bits (ISBN 978-1-4013-0277-1). In addition, official wall calendars, featuring shots taken from the series, were published by Andrews McMeel Publishing for 2006, 2007 and 2008.

Four unauthorized books written from different points of view were released in 2006. Delicious Housewives, A Novel of Erotica, by author Tamarias Tyree (ISBN 978-0-930865-79-5), from RSVP Press, is an erotic parody of the series featuring the housewives' sexual misadventures which eventually lead them to an appearance on the Jerry Springer Show.

Reading 'Desperate Housewives': Beyond the White Picket Fence (ISBN 978-1-84511-220-2), from I.B. Tauris, is an academic look at the show by film studies lecturers Janet McCabe and Kim Akass. Welcome to Wisteria Lane: On America's Favorite Desperate Housewives (ISBN 978-1-932100-79-2), published by BenBella Books, consists of seventeen essays written from a feminist perspective. In Chalice Press' Not-So-Desperate: Fantasy, Fact and Faith on Wisteria Lane (ISBN 0-8272-2513-X), author Shawnthea Monroe gives a Christian interpretation of the series. Also, following the "real life desperate housewives" phenomenon, several books have been released dealing with life strategies for contemporary women.

Fashion dolls and fragrances
In December 2006, it was announced that the characters of Susan, Lynette, Bree, Gabrielle and Edie were to be made into 16 in tall fashion dolls, produced by Madame Alexander. In 2007, they were released in a limited edition of 300 pieces each. A fragrance was also launched by Coty Inc. in 2006, titled Forbidden Fruit, and was composed of orange blossom, peach, apple, lily, wisteria, jasmine, ylang-ylang, sandalwood, tonka bean, vanilla and cedar. In August 2009, a collection of four fragrances by LR Health & Beauty Systems, each based on and titled after a Desperate Housewives lead character, was presented: Susan's fragrance is composed of orange blossom, cedar, sandalwood and white musk, Lynette's fragrance is composed of cardamom, star jasmine and musk, Bree's fragrance is composed of green apple, white jasmine, raspberry, lily, amber and vanilla, and Gabrielle's fragrance is composed of raspberry, pineapple, rose, patchouli and blackberries.

Another Desperate Housewife commercials
In conjunction with season six, Marc Cherry was commissioned to write eight "mini-episodes" entitled Another Desperate Housewife. The episodes were written after the previous season's extensive product placement proved unpopular with the fans. The mini-episodes were written to advertise mobile phone company Sprint and involve just three characters. The two main characters are Stephanie (played by Rebecca Staab) and Lance (played by David Chisum) who have moved into the former house of Edie Britt after her death. The third character, Elsa, was Stephanie's friend. It is eventually revealed that Lance and Elsa have been having an affair. Stephanie finds out and tells Lance to break it off. Elsa suggests killing Stephanie, but Lance gets a text message indicating he's seeing another woman and a furious Elsa shoots him. In truth, Stephanie had sent the message herself. The final mini-episode has Elsa being arrested and Stephanie attracted to a handsome policeman at the scene. Each episode ends with a Mary Alice-like narration saying things such as "This is suspicion on the Now Network" or "This is betrayal on the Now Network."

Ask Desperate Housewives
For the sixth season of the series, ABC created "Ask Desperate Housewives" to promote their website. It was presented and sponsored by Sprint, and it was hosted by series creator, Marc Cherry. In each special, Marc Cherry and an actress/actor of the series would answer questions that fans submitted to abc.go.com.

Adaptations
On February 26, 2007, The Walt Disney Company announced that four South American versions of the show were about to begin production: one for Argentina, one for Colombia, one for Ecuador and one for Brazil. Later on, the Colombian and Ecuadorean productions merged, leaving three Latin American shows. The Argentine version, titled Amas de Casa Desesperadas, began being broadcast in 2006. The first year proved successful enough for a second season to begin production. The first season of the version for Colombia (RCN TV) and Ecuador (Teleamazonas), also titled Amas de Casa Desesperadas, began being broadcast in Ecuador in May 2007, and was broadcast five days a week. In addition, Donas de Casa Desesperadas began being broadcast on RedeTV! in 2008. The Turkish version titled Umutsuz Ev Kadınları aired on Kanal D in Turkey from 2011 until 2013 and on FOX Turkey from 2013 until 2014. In fall 2013, the Disney Media Distribution and the Nigerian television network EbonyLife TV announced that they were producing an African version of Desperate Housewives. The series, titled Desperate Housewives Africa, was scheduled to premiere in summer 2014 on EbonyLife TV. However, it aired its only season during 2015.

title: Desperate Housewives


text: User talk:68.40.180.169

title: User talk:68.40.180.169


text:
Haguro, Yamagata

Haguro (羽黒町) was a town located in Higashitagawa District, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,499 and a density of 86.66 persons per km2. The total area was 109.61 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Haguro, along with the towns of Fujishima and Kushibiki, the village of Asahi (all from Higashitagawa District), and the town of Atsumi (from Nishitagawa District), was merged into the expanded city of Tsuruoka, and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

title: Haguro, Yamagata