text:
Tiësto

Tijs Michiel Verwest OON (born 17 January 1969), known professionally as Tiësto, is a Dutch DJ and music producer. He was voted "The Greatest DJ of All Time" by Mix magazine in a 2010/2011 poll amongst fans. In 2013, he was voted by DJ Mag readers as the "best DJ of the last 20 years". He is also regarded as the "Godfather of EDM" by many sources. Sources referring to Tiësto as the "Godfather of EDM":

In 1997, he founded the label Black Hole Recordings with Arny Bink, where he released the Magik and In Search of Sunrise CD series. Tiësto met producer Dennis Waakop Reijers in 1998; the two have worked together extensively since then.

From 1998 to 2000, Tiësto collaborated with Ferry Corsten under the name Gouryella. His 2000 remix of Delerium's "Silence" featuring Sarah McLachlan exposed him to more mainstream audiences. In 2001, he released his first solo album, In My Memory, which gave him several major hits that launched his career. He was voted World No. 1 DJ by DJ Magazine in its annual Top 100 DJs readership poll consecutively for three years from 2002 to 2004.

Just after releasing his second studio album Just Be he performed live at the 2004 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in Athens, the first DJ to play live on stage at an Olympics. In April 2007 Tiësto launched his radio show Tiësto's Club Life on Radio 538 in the Netherlands and released his third studio album Elements of Life. The album reached number one on the Belgian album chart as well on Billboard Top Electronic Albums in the U.S. and received a nomination for a Grammy Award in 2008. Tiësto released his fourth studio album Kaleidoscope in October 2009, followed by A Town Called Paradise in June 2014. He won the Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical for his remixed version of John Legend's hit "All of Me" at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards.

Early life
Tijs Michiel Verwest was born in Breda, North Brabant, on 17 January 1969. He discovered his passion for music at the age of 12. He used to listen to radioshows like the Ferry Maat Soulshow and In The Mix from Ben Liebrand. At age fourteen, he intensified his commitment to the art, and began DJing professionally at school parties. Between 1985 and 1994, Tiësto began a residency at several clubs in the Netherlands at the behest of his manager. At the Spock, a small club in Breda, he fine-tuned his own live style by performing from 10 p.m. until 4 a.m. on weekends. In the beginning of his career as a DJ he mostly played new beat and acid house.

1994–2000: Early projects and success
In 1994, he began releasing material on Noculan Records' sub-labels Chemo and Coolman. During these years, he produced hardcore and gabber tracks under such aliases as Da Joker and DJ Limited. Tiësto was later discovered by the general manager of Rotterdam-based Basic Beat Recordings.

In late 1994, Tiësto signed to Basic Beat where he met Arny Bink, Tiësto released records on the sub-label Trashcan, founded by Arny, and later created the Guardian Angel sub-label with Arny in which they introduced the popular Forbidden Paradise series. From 1995 to 1996 he released four extended plays on Bonzai Jumps and XTC, sub-labels of Lightning Records. In 1997, he joined his friend Yves Vandichel on his sub-label, DJ Yves, a division of the now defunct Human Resource label XSV Music. In the fall of 1997, Bink and Tiësto decided to leave Basic Beat and create their own parent label, Black Hole Recordings, Trashcan was discontinued and Guardian Angel continued releasing music until 2002. Through Black Hole, Tiësto released the Magik series and also created two major sub-labels; SongBird and In Trance We Trust. From 1998 to 1999, he released music on Planetary Consciousness where he met A&R Hardy Heller and invited him to release some records on Black Hole.

In 1998, Tiësto joined forces with fellow Dutch deejay Ferry Corsten to create the trance-based duo of Gouryella. The first Gouryella track, also called "Gouryella", was released in May 1999 and became a huge hit, scoring various chart positions around the world, including a top-15 position in the UK Singles Chart. Tiësto showcased this track in Magik Three: Far from Earth as well as in his set at the first ID&T Innercity party (Live at Innercity: Amsterdam RAI), his first major breakthrough. The next single, entitled "Walhalla", also made it on the charts worldwide, peaking at No. 27 in the UK Singles Chart. Released via Ferry's Tsunami label, both singles went on to be certified Gold on record sales. During these years, Tiësto also collaborated with Benno de Goeij of Rank 1 under the name Kamaya Painters. In November 1999, he released the first installment of the In Search of Sunrise series. Since then, he performed monthly as a resident at Gatecrasher in Sheffield, and played a 12-hour set, his longest, in Amsterdam. On 31 December 1999, he performed at Trance Energy 2000, a special party held by ID&T for the turn of the millennium.

Together with Armin van Buuren, Tiësto created two projects in 2000; Alibi – "Eternity", which was released on Armind, and Major League – "Wonder Where You Are?", on Black Hole. After the release of "Tenshi" in September 2000, Tiësto decided to concentrate on his solo work and left Ferry Corsten to take on the Gouryella project solely as his own. Through his first compilations and the "In Trance We Trust" series, he ended up introducing Armin van Buuren and Johan Gielen to the mainstream. Summerbreeze marked Tiësto's U.S. debut, a mix album that showcased his remix of Delerium's "Silence", which spent four weeks in the UK's Top Ten chart and reached number three in the Billboard dance chart. In Search of Sunrise 2 was released in November 2000.

2001–2003: In My Memory
In 2001, Tiësto created a new sub-label, Magik Muzik, and released his first solo album, In My Memory, which contained 5 major hits; "Lethal Industry", which was actually produced in 1999 and had only 3 copies released at that time, the track was officially released in 2001 which was remixed by Richard Durand in 2006 along with "Flight 643" which was another leading single that was later adapted with vocals by Suzanne Palmer and released as "643 (Love's on Fire)". Other tracks were "Obsession" in which Tiësto worked alongside Junkie XL, the instrumental tracks "Dallas 4PM" and "Suburban Train" with "Urban Train" as its vocal version. The last singles to be released were "In My Memory" which is the title track for the album as it only received high ratings in the United States and the opening track "Magik Journey" which opened Tiësto in Concert (2003). On 2 February 2002, Tiësto played nine consecutive hours during the second edition of the Dutch Dimension festival.

On 27 February, Tiësto was awarded a Zilveren ('Silver') Harp music award. The same year he also received a Lucky Strike Dance Award in the category Best DJ Trance/Progressive. In August he became part of Moby's Area2 Tour. For eighteen days he travelled through the United States with artists such as Moby himself, but also David Bowie and Busta Rhymes. In January 2003, Tiësto received the annual Dutch Popprijs ('Pop Award') during the Noorderslag festival. After touring with Moby, Tiësto remixed two songs from him, "We Are All Made of Stars" and "Extreme Ways" in the same year, having "We Are All Made of Stars" reach No. 13 in the Hot Dance Club Play. In 2002 he released his first In Search of Sunrise mix to feature a place on its name, In Search of Sunrise 3: Panama. On 28 March 2003; Tiësto, Dieselboy, Bad Boy Bill, and Noel Sanger joined the PlayStation 2 Dual Play tour. Tiësto and Noel's appearance began on 13 April and ended on 6 June.

His fame continued to increase for then known he has in the early 2000s, following his six-hour "Tiësto Solo" sets which he performed without other DJs or opening acts. This idea, of one DJ playing alone to a large crowd was new. Tiësto was the first DJ to hold a solo concert in a stadium; on 10 May 2003, he performed for 25,000 people in Arnhem's GelreDome, later called Tiësto in Concert. He repeated the same type of concert the following year during two consecutive nights in late October. In addition to holding these two concerts for 35,000 of his fans, he held another concert for a crowd of 20,000 in Hasselt, Belgium the following week. DVDs of both his 10 May 2003 and 30 October 2004 concerts have been released, having the other DVD titled Tiësto in Concert 2. The DVDs show the journey from the first idea to the main event, featuring live performances by Andain, Dinand Woesthoff, and Jan Johnston. The event includes live music and dancers performing at different times throughout the set.

2004–2006: Just Be and appointment to the Order of Orange-Nassau

In 2004, he released his second artist album Just Be, which featured his first single "Traffic" which is the first non-vocal track to reach number one spot in the Dutch national charts for 23 years.

The track "Sweet Misery" was originally written for Evanescence but it did not meet the deadline for the release of their album. In support to his Just Be album, he played at Breda, Eindhoven, Utrecht, and Amsterdam; these stops were later named Just Be: Train Tour. On 20 May 2004, he was appointed Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau by Her Majesty Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. The Athens Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (ATHOC) asked Tiësto to perform at the Olympic Games, making him the first DJ to play live on stage at an Olympic Games at the 2004 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in Athens, where he played for 90 minutes.

Tiësto flew to Athens in January 2004 to have a meeting with the ATHOC. His Tiësto in Concert DVD caught their attention, after which he was asked to write more tracks based on his opening tune "Adagio for Strings" which would fit in with the Olympic spirit and combine the classical with the modern age. The first rehearsal was on 7 August, for an empty stadium; the second rehearsal was on 8 August, with 35,000 volunteers. The last rehearsal included almost 60,000 people in the stadium which was on 10 August.

During the course of his performance at the Olympics, the Dutch athletes started dancing in front of the DJ booth and had to be moved on by officials. The performance included new tracks produced especially for the Opening Ceremony and songs that were created to complement the spirit and theme of the ceremony. A condensed studio-recorded album of the songs played on the Olympic set was later released, including new songs specially composed for the occasion, entitled Parade of the Athletes in October 2004. In the liner notes, he noted the IOC requested that the music not contain any lyrics as they could be inadvertently misinterpreted. In late 2004, he began his touring across Latin America, with his release of In Search of Sunrise 3: Panama in which he gained influence from the sun and sand in summer 2002. The tour continued in 2005, and Tiësto performed live in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Panama, Peru, Costa Rica, Uruguay, Paraguay, Ecuador, Venezuela and Colombia. Following the tours, In Search of Sunrise 4: Latin America was released in 2005, featuring a second CD for the first time in the In Search of Sunrise series.

In 2005, his Perfect Remixes Vol. 3 compilation was released through Warlock Records, containing ten tracks which were created during the beginning of his career, between those is Junkie XL, Mauro Picotto and The Roc Project. On 20 August 2005, Verwest took Tiësto in Concert to the US when he played to 16,000 at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena with Cirque du Soleil dancers.

For the second year in a row he performed live at a New Year's Eve/New Year's concert in Las Vegas, Nevada at the Orleans Arena to a sell-out crowd. His four-city U.S. tour was postponed due to the hurricane damage in New Orleans and Miami. BPM magazine has an annual poll in the US which is unveiled in the WMC, in 2005 Tiësto took the No. 1 spot. The influences of Los Angeles remained with him and would later influence his In Search of Sunrise compilation.

A wax sculpture of Tiësto was placed behind a turntable at Madame Tussauds in Amsterdam where visitors can mix Tiësto's music together. Stops were made in Ukraine, Slovakia, Serbia, Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Turkey, Croatia, Poland and South Africa. The United States tour that was part of Tiësto in Concert was dwarfed by his appearance at Sensation White in 2006 where he performed to over 45,000 people in Amsterdam. The compilation was launched in the Winter Music Conference in Miami Beach to support his release, Tiësto went on his In Search of Sunrise 5 Asia Tour for more than three weeks. In September 2006, Tiësto was admitted to hospital after experiencing pain in his chest. He was diagnosed with pericarditis and subsequently had to cancel a number of shows. With the diagnosis, he was invited to support Dance4Life to help teens who are not aware of the risks of HIV/AIDS.

2007–2008: Elements of Life
On 6 April 2007, Tiësto began presenting a new weekly two-hour radio show called Tiësto's Club Life on Dutch radio station Radio 538. Ten days later, Tiësto released his third studio album Elements of Life. The album moved 73,000 units in its April release, according to Nielsen SoundScan.

During the production of the album Tiësto in several cases sent a demo with the music to certain artists, and they replied back with the lyrics and vocals and other duration times. In the case of Christian Burns from BBMak, Tiësto met him through MySpace and contacted him and the production of the single "In the Dark". The album consists of rock, trance and experimental music, which shows the style Tiësto has grown throughout the years since his previous albums which contained lyrics, In My Memory and Just Be. Producer Brian Transeau collaborated with Tiësto in three tracks, he composed "Bright Morningstar" and "Sweet Things", and performed the vocals in the single "Break My Fall". Together, they produced more tracks which were not released in the album, Tiësto has mentioned they would work again during the coming summer.

In December 2007 it was announced that the album was nominated for a Grammy Award, in the category "Best Electronic/Dance Album." The album also received gold certifications in Belgium, Hungary, Netherlands, and Romania. In support of the album, he embarked on the worldwide Elements of Life World Tour, and released the Copenhagen: Elements of Life World Tour DVD in 2008.

Tiësto announced his residence at Privilege. He played sets in Ibiza every Monday, from 7 July to 22 September in the style of his In Search of Sunrise series. In 2007, he had released In Search of Sunrise 6: Ibiza which was inspired by the island.

On 28 April, he released Elements of Life: Remixed, a recompilation of the Elements of Life album with all remixed versions. In mid-2008, Tiësto announced his In Search of Sunrise: Summer Tour 2008, which was presented by Armani Exchange in May in support of his In Search of Sunrise 7: Asia compilation and the previously released In Search of Sunrise 6: Ibiza.

2009–2012: Kaleidoscope and Kiss from the Past
On 6 October 2009, he released his fourth studio album Kaleidoscope, which featured artists such as Priscilla Ahn, Calvin Harris, Tegan & Sara and Nelly Furtado. Unlike his earlier albums, which were all mostly trance, Kaleidoscope explores other electronic genres, and is considered Tiesto's most experimental album. The first single "I Will Be Here" featuring Sneaky Sound System being released in July 2009. It reached number three on the much acclaimed Driscoll 5, and lasted there for 24 weeks in the beginning of 2012. In its first week, the album reached the Top 10 chart on iTunes. To release the album he set up a new record label called Musical Freedom after parting ways with Black Hole Recordings. Tiësto felt that his music was evolving in a new direction and his focus as an artist was moving away from what Black Hole was set up to support. His new tour, sharing the name of his new album, called Kaleidoscope World Tour commenced in late September.

On 16 March 2010, he released a greatest hits album, Magikal Journey: The Hits Collection 1998–2008, a two disc album focusing on his most famous songs and remixes of his songs. On 7 April, he announced that he would start a new compilation series called A New Dawn with his own label Musical Freedom. In his interview Tiësto furthermore confirmed that he would no longer have any more involvement with Black Hole Recordings. On 31 August, Kaleidoscope: Remixed was released, a remix album of his album Kaleidoscope.

Also in 2009 and 2010, Tiësto contributed songs to both the DJ Hero and DJ Hero 2 video games and is a playable character in the second game. He also produced a trance-flavored song for Memphis rap duo Three 6 Mafia's album called "Feel It", which features Sean Kingston and Flo Rida.

On 4 April 2011, his mix compilation Club Life: Volume One Las Vegas was released. On 13 June, his final trance studio album, Kiss from the Past, was released under his alias Allure, and featured Christian Burns, JES, and Emma Hewitt.

In March 2012, satellite radio broadcaster Sirius XM launched Tiësto's Club Life Radio, one of five dance/electronic stations on the platform. Programming was "curated by Tiësto himself ". The station ran until 2017.

2013–2018: Club Life and A Town Called Paradise
Club Life: Volume Three Stockholm was released worldwide physically on 25 June 2013 and it hit No. 16 on the Billboard Top 200 Chart. He followed up his third "Club Life" installment with the 2014 effort, A Town Called Paradise. The album featured an assortment of guest stars and was preceded by two singles, "Red Lights" and "Wasted" – yielding his first two gold singles in the U.S. A medley from the album also soundtracks a presentation at the Bellagio (resort) fountain in Las Vegas, a first for a dance music artist.

In a 2014 interview with DJ Magazine, Tiësto revealed why he left trance music. When asked whether his decision to leave the genre was influential to his popularity in the United States, the Dutch producer said: "Maybe, it's hard to say. I think I'd still be the 'Tiesto trance guy' but the difference is you're not really being relevant. Some of the old trance guys still have their following but it doesn't feel like anybody really cares – and that's the biggest difference. It's nice to be in touch with the new kids who are coming up – the 16 and 18-year olds who are producing house music see me as kind of a godfather, and it's really cool to be in touch with them. I think if I'd still been a trance DJ, they'd have been so disconnected with that sound that I wouldn't be much inspiration for them, and vice versa."

In 2015, at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards, he won the Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical for his remixed version of John Legend's hit "All of Me". The same year his fourth installment of the Club Life compilation series, titled Club Life: Volume Four New York City, was released through Musical Freedom. In April 2016, he launched a deep house label, AFTR:HRS, to promote deep house music. He appeared in the 2016 Grammy-nominated documentary film about American DJ and producer Steve Aoki, titled I'll Sleep When I'm Dead.

On 14 January 2017, Tiësto was awarded the key to the city of Las Vegas. The day is now known as "Tiësto Day" in Clark County, Nevada. He was featured in the 2017 documentary starring Carl Cox and Martin Garrix, titled What We Started.

On 6 October 2017, the fifth installment of the Club Life series entitled Club Life, Vol. 5 – China was published. The compilation album features tracks by John Christian, SWACQ, Tiësto and Z.Tao, and collaborations between Tiësto and Aloe Blacc, John Christian, Dzeko, Diplo, KSHMR, Talay Riley, Sevenn, Stargate, SWACQ and Vassy.

In March 2018, Billboard named Tiësto as number eight on their 2018 ranking of dance musicians titled Billboard Dance 100.

On 30 March 2018, Tiësto released his debut EP titled I Like It Loud, featuring four songs that are collaborations with artists such as John Christian, Mesto, Matisse & Sadko and MOTi.

2018–2020: The London Sessions
On 2 July 2018, Tiësto released with Dzeko, Post Malone and Preme a track titled "Jackie Chan".

On 31 May 2019, Tiësto released with Rita Ora and Jonas Blue a track called "Ritual".

On 14 June 2019, Tiësto released his remix of Avicii's posthumous "Tough Love".

On 7 May 2020, Tiësto announced his seventh studio album The London Sessions; it was released 15 May 2020. The album features the previously released singles "Jackie Chan", "Ritual", "God Is a Dancer", "Blue" and "Nothing Really Matters".

2020–present: Drive
On 25 September 2020, Tiësto released the song "The Business". On 21 January 2021, Tiësto released a remix version of the song titled "The Business, Pt. II" featuring American rapper Ty Dolla Sign.

On 28 May 2021, Tiësto released his remix of Ben Platt's "Imagine." Later that year, he released "Don't Be Shy" with Karol G on 12 August, "The Motto" with Ava Max on 4 November, Savage with Deorro and a remix of No Mienten and You got the Love by Becky Hill.

On 30 June 2022, Tiësto released "Hot In It" with English singer Charli XCX. The track was previously teased by Charli XCX and Tiësto multiple times on TikTok. On 7 October 2022, Tiësto released a remake of Black Eyed Peas song "Pump It" called "Pump It Louder". On 3 November 2022, Tiësto released "10:35" with Tate McRae.

On 6 January 2023, Tiësto released "Lay Low". On 9 March 2023, Tiësto officially announced his new studio album called Drive, along with the release of his single "All Nighter". The album was released on 21 April 2023.

On 11 February 2024, Tiësto was scheduled to perform at Super Bowl LVIII in Las Vegas both before and during the game, which would have made him the first DJ to perform throughout the Super Bowl. However, he canceled his performance due to a family emergency and was replaced by Kaskade.

Income
Forbes estimated that Tiësto's annual income for 2017 was $39 million, with an average nightly gross of $250,000.

Philanthropy
On 6 January 2005, Tiësto performed in an outdoor fundraiser in De Dam, Amsterdam. The free event involved Dutch artists such as Tiësto, Dinand Woesthoff, BLØF, Acda & De Munnik, Di-rect, and Trijntje Oosterhuis and provided financial aid to the people who suffered from the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami in southern and southeastern Asia.

In April 2006, Tiësto was named the official worldwide ambassador for the Dance4Life foundation promoting awareness of HIV/AIDS. As the foundation's ambassador he has helped the organisation with fundraising along with recording the track "Dance4life" that he recorded with Maxi Jazz from Faithless. The foundation consists on a better way of living with safe sex in exchange of entertainment to the young crowd. The song was a huge success, peaking for five weeks in number 3 and eleven consecutive weeks in the Top 10 of the Dutch Singles Chart, it reached number 5 in Belgium, number 6 in Finland and also charting in the UK and Germany.

With the successful release of Elements of Life, Tiësto and fashion designer Giorgio Armani collaborated on a limited edition Tiësto T-shirt; Tiësto's single "Sweet Things" comes with the shirt and includes an exclusive "A|X Remix" by Tom Cloud. The charity raised over U.S. $300,000.

In November 2012, Tiësto released a compilation album Dance (RED) Save Lives in collaboration with Product Red, with the aim of donating any proceeds from the album to the fight against AIDS.

In June 2014, Tiësto headlined the first-ever Thank You Festival, presented by Global Citizen in partnership with World Childhood Foundation. As a part of the festival campaign, Tiësto took part in supporting ThankYou.org. For every song shared, the Carlson Family Foundation donated $5 to the World Childhood Foundation.

In September 2014, Tiësto headlined the free Global Citizen Festival in New York's Central Park.

Personal life
In September 2019, Tiësto married Annika Backes, a model, in Amangiri, Utah, after proposing to her in 2018. In November 2020, they had a daughter, and on 27 August 2022, they had their second child, a son. He is a fan of Italian football club Inter Milan, and has collaborated with them on numerous occasions.

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * In My Memory (2001)
 * Just Be (2004)
 * Elements of Life (2007)
 * Kaleidoscope (2009)
 * A Town Called Paradise (2014)
 * The London Sessions (2020)
 * Drive (2023)

Filmography
Documentary and concert films

 * Clublife 500 (2016) - In celebration of the 500th episode of his radio show Clublife, Tiësto hosted a special, one-night-only event on October 21, 2016, at the Ziggo Dome in Amsterdam. On 31 October 2023 the show was made available to stream on demand via the On Air concert streaming service.

title: Tiësto


text:
Talk:Colloidal gold

Units
There seems to be a mini edit-war breaking out over the use of micron versus micrometre and M versus mol. Am I right in thinking that the latter in each case is technically more correct that the former? Specifically, micron is an old and deprecated (although common) alternative for micrometre, and M actually refers to the molarity of a solution rather than one mole. -- ALoan (Talk) 11:09, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

NanoProf (talk) 18:17, 8 October 2013 (UTC)
 * M is not the same as mol; the first is a concentration (mols/L) and the second a number of molecules (in mols). Micron and micrometre are interchangeable.

Re: Units
M vs. mol - good point, my bad. I'm a physicist, not chemist, so sometimes make stupid mistakes like that.

micron vs. micrometer - technically, the latter is correct, but the former is easier to write and means exactly the same thing: μm = 1/1 000 000 of a meter.

 * Well, I am an astronomer - fortnuately, someone who knowns some chemistry wrote articles about moles and molarity.

 * OK - so mol is right, yes? I can't get excited about the difference between micron and micrometre, but we don't need a host of reverts - what is the consensus?

 * And I think you'll find it is µm (&micro;m) not μm (&mu;m) :) -- ALoan (Talk) 15:15, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The Wikipedia article for mole provides useful input for this debate. As does the official SI definition and symbol for mole.

 * The SI website also says that the term micron was officially dropped in 1968. Current use might be characterised as 'colloquial' as with the officially obsolete term Centigrade. The term 'micron' is typically seen in particular domains and regions, but is not universal in either. The SI format [prefix]+[unit name] indicates the size and the measure as in microgram, microvolt, microwatt, microfarad. The format also applies in symbols. The constant repetition of this consistent format is useful for transfer of knowledge when encountering terms that may be unfamiliar such as femtometre, kilocoulomb or GJ.

 * The micron does not fit into this format. It requires unique knowledge of size and what it is measuring. Many online references to micron often provide a definition in the text because of this problem. The US NIST and the IAU say micron is non-preferred.

 * I know that a lot of people still use it, just as a lot of people still use Centigrade. So we can't stop such terms cropping up in original material or in quotes. Wikipedia links to micron simply redirect to the micrometre article. At the very least, such redirect should be avoided. I made the original correction but had forgotten about it. I merely happened to come across the term on that page again. The history of edit summaries indicated something other than reversion, so I assumed it had appeared in added text. I did not check the details of each edit until you guys started discussing it. It is a small surprise to learn that it was a reversion rather than new text but it isn't a big deal.

 * I hope that is useful context
 * Bobblewik 19:42, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your clarification - I had assumed it was reversion as the terms swapped back and forth a couple of times, but I'm glad we have (I think; I hope) resolved the issue. -- ALoan (Talk) 19:51, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

"Health benefits"
Removed section again as it is not sourced to a reliable peer reviewed source, rather to A Meridian Institute website. Wiki is not for the promotion of quackery. --Vsmith 12:50, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

I would like to see some content on the page about the purported health benefits and any studies regarding those claims, one way or the other. While I believe that it may well be "quackery," it is certainly a phenomenon that is worth discussing as products meant for ingestion are being marketed heavily in the health product industry. Herbanreleaf 01:20, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I think lack of such studies is part of the problem. "Nutritional supplements" don't require that they be studied before they are marketed. eaolson 01:23, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

If there are no studies then the claims should be part of the article as well as the fact that they are unproven. Herbanreleaf 19:37, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

I would have to agree that there should be some discussion of claimed health benefits in this article, whether they're true or not. The phenomenon is so large, at least in the United States, that their absence from this article is very conspicuous and smells of censure, so I'm going ahead and adding some mention of it. Yosemite1967 19:20, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Followup: I've gone ahead and added a section for this and contributed quite a few government and medical-journal sources for all of the information that I added.  No quackery here (as if the government never participates in such--LOL).  Yosemite1967 23:10, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Cancer Ward
I remember that in the novel Cancer Ward by Solzhenitsyn, one of the patients needs colloidal gold for some test or treatment. What could it be? Sergivs-en 08:25, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

Dubious
We need a reference that nanoparticle gold is the same as colloidal gold, preferrably in the reference itself, or it might be WP:SYN. As it stands, there's clearly (although this is WP:OR on my part) a difference between chelated gold (sometimes also called colloidal gold, although there's only one gold atom per structure) and structures containg a few to a few hundred gold atoms coated with some sort of ionic substance. — Arthur Rubin | (talk) 19:21, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
 * There's a link to colloid in the lead graf. Isn't that enough? I've never heard chelated gold referred to as colloidal. They're very definitely distinct things. Also, any coating on the surface of a particle is optional for a colloid. Some have one, and it makes it more stable and functionalizable, but it's not a defining characteristic. eaolson 23:22, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

Valid question but the nanoparticle article is clear about it: a nanoparticle is any particle with diameter less than 100 nm and the particles found in colloidal gold are gold nanoparticles. I do not see an immediate need for two separate articles on nanogold and colloidal gold V8rik 21:11, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, withdrawing. — Arthur Rubin |  (talk) 21:13, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Purple of Cassius
Are gold colloids/nanoparticles the "active" ingredient in the ancient pigment Purple of Cassius? If so, should Purple of Cassius redirect to this page? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chem web7 (talk • contribs) 03:02, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

Purple of Cassius is a Colloid of gold nanoparticles on zincoxide. In the german wikipedia there are two distinct articles about these (though one is kind of a stub).Buriaku (talk) 08:58, 5 July 2010 (UTC)

A simple method for the production of colloidal gold
sodium hypochlorite (concentration 15% - bleach sodium) + hydrochloric acid (concentration 5% - muriatic acid) + gold dust (filings of gold) --- 48-56 h ---> Gold chloride (yellow-gold solution) HAZARD! Chlorine gas !!!!

Gold chloride (yellow-gold solution) + sodium bicarbonate ---> precipitated eventual copper carbonate (blue - green), Gold chloride remains in solution (yellow-gold), sodium bicarbonate acts as pH Buffer System and reduce acidity (strong effervescence !)

Gold chloride solution + saccharose (sucrose) or glucose --- 24-48h ---> Colloidal Gold (purple shades) or "purple of Cassius"

try it! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.50.35.58 (talk) 16:50, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

References for Method
There are no reference to the method of making the colloidal gold. There is a paper from 1951 I would hope someone could find it. --Saxophonemn (talk) 18:44, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

Hello, I ve added the references for the Burst and the Turkevich and the Frens Papers. Hope that helps. -- 132.252.242.146 (talk) 15:51, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Peacock Tags
On 22-May-2009 two peacock tags were added to the following text:

 * "Known since ancient times, the synthesis of colloidal gold was originally used as a method of staining glass. Modern scientific evaluation of colloidal gold did not begin until Michael Faraday's work of the 1850s. Due to the unique optical, electronic, and molecular-recognition properties of gold nanoparticles, they are the subject of substantial research, with applications in a wide variety of areas, including electronics, nanotechnology, and the synthesis of novel materials with unique properties."

I disagree with these tags and pending discussion will remove them after a reasonable amount of time. My disagreement is as follows:

1. The word "novel" is a precise term that means "of recent origin or introduction" and "of a kind not seen before". This is not a peacock term, and in fact I would go so far as to say that a synonymous but more verbose phrase like "previously unknown" would be.

2. The phrase "unique properties" is also a precise term meaning "alone", "sole", and "unlike others". I might agree to this needing a citation to affirm the uniqueness quality but it is again not a peacock term.

66.102.199.179 (talk) 03:49, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

Colloidal gold colour
The Wiki article noted somewhere that the colour of the gold sol is relative to the concentration of the gold sol in solution, it should be noted that the colour of the sol is more reliant on the size of the gold sol particles than the concentration of the sol. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.148.4.14 (talk) 01:25, 9 August 2010 (UTC)

edit: It notes this in the first line of the history section. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 134.148.4.20 (talk) 01:52, 9 August 2010 (UTC)

Therapeutic processes
I'm a simple college student. I'm editing this page to work towards my final paper. Though, before I do add anything to this, I wanted to ask if there is any talk on the page about the therapeutic processes for gold particles. From what I have read, there isn't a paragraph or any little snippet about it. Is it alright if I add some of the stuff I have found? PMcShurley (talk) 19:34, 12 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Please read WP:OR. It can be added if it has already been published in a reliable, peer-reviewed journal or book or other reliable source, although adding it yourself may be risky (see WP:COI). If this is your own ongoing, unpublished research, it should not be added here until it has been first published elsewhere.—Tetracube (talk) 19:54, 12 November 2009 (UTC)

"Current Research"
This whole section is extremely esoteric, minutia, relevant only because very current at the time of posting. I'm axing it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.237.243.185 (talk) 06:59, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

The main thing it's used for!
In science the main thing colloidal gold is used for is as a contrast agent in biological electron microscopy! This was already true when I took undergrad cell-biology in 1986. Your article was badly incomplete without mentioning this, as it mentions much less-important uses of colloidal gold. I have begun a section on colloidal gold in biological electron microscopy for you with three references (one from 1977 and two from the Procedings of the National Academy of Science) but there's loads of examples and derivatives of colloidal gold used to label particular tissues and organelles for electron microscopy.

UPDATE: added more references —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.237.243.185 (talk) 04:49, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

FURTHER UPDATE: Added reference to the product catalog of Sigma-Aldrich which sells colloidal gold pre-conjugated to antibodies, superantigens, other probe-molecules. I hope that's ok, if not, delete it; it's note number 29. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.237.243.185 (talk) 01:36, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

 * With new innovations that is going to be an outdated use. :) John Riemann Soong (talk) 14:32, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

Nanogold
A clearly COI editor remove "nanogold" from the lede, as being trademarked. That might be a valid reason for deletion, except the redirect from Nanogold would also need to be deleted, and reference 30 refers to "nanogold", without any evidence that it's a trademark, at least in the abstract. — Arthur Rubin (talk) 19:25, 6 October 2010 (UTC)
 * Even if 'nanogold' is trademarked, that is no reason to remove it's mention... Trademarking does not make it illegal to refer to the product in an article, we don't even need to add ™ (per MOS:TM). For examples see any company page (e.g. Nike)  Jebus989 ✰ 11:39, 2 May 2011 (UTC)

Laser Ablation
Anybody else came across this before??

Previous work has been done in our laboratory with regards to the creation of AuNP's in solution using Nd:YAG laser ablation

It's a very simple method of creation, with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) being seen even after 5mins of ablating at low powers using fundamental 1064nm output further ablation with 532nm output (which is very close to the SPR of 520ish nm) results in a very uniform spread of AuNP's with diameter of 1-5nm

I can dig up a reference for discussion here if warranted

Usherly (talk) 11:11, 2 May 2011 (UTC)

Colloidal gold in something else.
The first sentence talks about "usually water" as the working fluid. Well, to provide a sense of completeness I can provide something else: colloidal gold can be dissolved in various molten glasses to form a brilliant scarlet glaze (on pottery). I even have some images of this.

But is this enough of a referenced source? All of this information is from my friend who runs a pottery business and buys a commercial glaze that arrives in a bottle labelled "Colloidal Gold Glaze". Now is that enough of a reference, or is that OR? Old_Wombat (talk) 06:51, 24 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Interesting and the stuff does exist, so the addition with images would be good - but your friend and the bottle label wouldn't be WP:RS, so would need to find a non-commercial source to support. Vsmith (talk) 14:45, 24 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Quick google search provided and  book links which should work (the books as refs not the google search links). Vsmith (talk) 14:49, 24 July 2011 (UTC)

Gold "beads" study
I removed the part as well as the following ref link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17381835 which was about "veterinary acupuncturists" implanting gold BEADS in dogs. This form of gold is NOT colloidal, the study precisely states beads and not any solution containing colloidal gold in any manner, nor any gold salt, only BEADS. A bead being a macro sized sphere of gold, measurable in tenths of inches or millimiters. This kind of alternate medicine link should be rather put in the wikipedia article about GOLD in general, not in the Colloidal Gold article. 89.82.152.110 (talk) 01:52, 9 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Seems like some people have trouble reading or understanding here. Edits by 89.82.152.110 have been reverted, why?? Colloidal gold is not "gold beads" as referred to in the journal (see link). 89.82.152.110 is right when he says that colloidal gold and macro sized gold should not be on this colloidal gold wikipedia page. Arthur Rubin, who erased edits by 89.82.152.110, should read more about differences between colloidal metals and their solid human-scale counterpart : silver salts reduce to elemental colloidal metal in human teeth in the affection called argyrism for example, while implanting a solid piece of pure silver under the skin would not lead to have blue-grey teeth.In the case of gold, colloidal gold forming after injection of gold salts leads to renal failure (due to formation of colloidal gold) but elemental gold in non-microscopic sizes does not react with body fluids if implanted. Hypothetic health "benefits" from such sized pieces of gold implanted under the skin have nothing to do with colloidal gold and or gold salts effects. 82.240.163.245 (talk) 19:51, 11 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I didn't say gold beads were colloidal gold; I said they were related to colloidal gold. And you seem to be saying that the gold bead study is wrong.  Absurd, isn't it.  — Arthur Rubin  (talk) 20:17, 12 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Let's face it, your purpose is to confuse people by putting a ref about MACRO SIZED GOLD BEADS in the COLLOIDAL GOLD article. Why you insist is a mystery, perhaps you are yourself a "veterinary acupuncturist" ! The wikipedia article is not about "health effects of gold" it's about the health effects of COLLOIDAL GOLD (and related salts that would eventually be reduced to colloidal gold in vivo). If you have any ref pertaining to the -claimed- effects of gold beads in an obscure and isolated research paper, then post it in the wikipedia article about GOLD, not COLLOIDAL GOLD. To show you how wrong your point of view is, simply imagine SILICA and SILICA FUME. THe first will not react with body fluids while the second, if inhaled for example, will clog your lungs and eventually initiate tumors like many nano sized particles would . Silica powder coats the intestines while a macrosized silica sphere would only pass through unmodified. Gold isn't glass but my point is you cannot talk about the effects of "macroscopic" sized material in the colloidal dedicated article, unless you compare both aspects meticulously by pointing out the differences (when it's neutral and when it starts being reactive to the human body (or animals, plants ...) . In regards to these considerations, your veterinary acupuncture ref about macro sized gold beads is abolutely NOT valid (even though you consider beads "micro" sized, due to their dimeter of approximately 2mm, which is ABSOLUTELY NOT related to colloidal gold. In one word, "micro" in the mouth of an acupuncturist is worth nil).82.240.163.245 (talk) 14:37, 14 January 2012 (UTC)

Health and medical applications
Correct me if I'm wrong, but not a single one of the studies on the health risks actually mentions colloidal gold, they're all talking about gold salts. Why would they be included in this article? It's very misleading. --108.160.47.85 (talk) 23:36, 10 November 2012 (UTC)
 * You are right. I deleted the section.Desoto10 (talk) 04:13, 7 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Actually, I transferred the entire section, with a few tweaks, over to the Gold salts article where it fits.Desoto10 (talk) 18:34, 7 June 2013 (UTC)

Health and medical applications Part II
The 3-4 topics in this section are all in the preliminary animal study stage. Maybe a better heading would be Medical Research or something similar. Desoto10 (talk) 03:14, 14 August 2013 (UTC)

Synthesis Methods
Several synthesis methods are listed with their own paragraphs. They are cited correctly, but their merit relative to the Frens and Brust methods has been challenged by several users. Guidelines could be useful in this regard. A study in chemistry could be considered useful if cited at least 50-100 times in ~5 years. If few citations happen, the method may not work or does not improve on prior art. If the method is actively cited, it should be considered as worthy of listing. Also, the absolute number of citations is not a valid comparison for a new study vs. one that is decades old. NanoProf (talk) 18:17, 8 October 2013 (UTC)

Totally missing in the synthesis section are templated methods where nanoparticles are made inside a host cage or a nanoscale box (e.g. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja412606t or http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6210/1258361.short). Maybe they are not that popular, but conceptually interesting because they allow for good control over size and shape of the particles. Omenthegreat (talk) 11:07, 14 August 2015 (UTC)

I found this paper http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja906506j on mechanism of AuNP formation in Turkevich method, which proposed a different process by which AuNPs cluster forms. I think this needs to be mentioned. --1986md (talk) 12:02, 30 July 2017 (UTC)

Brust's method - Cites
Hi... In the second paragraph the cite n° 21 is not the first cite about TOABr capped AuNP. The first report (1998) of that synthesis is also from the Schiffrin's group. Here is the citation entry:

best regards

Julio

Green chemistry based methods
The section on green chemistry based methods is disproportionate and comes across merely as green POV. The idea that colloidal gold can be made with Darjeeling tea leaves is briefly amusing, but scientifically risible, and is never going to run in any serious scientific or industrial manufacturing context. (If I am wrong and green, tea-based methods are the way to go, please provide details and a citable source). Apart from gold chloride, colloidal gold is often made from completely edible and environmentally safe reducing agents, such as citric acid, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and distilled water as the solvent. There is therefore no case for using a less toxic solvent, and the case for using chemically undefined "green" ingredients is therefore obscure. I suggest deletion of this section. Plant surfer 12:18, 26 March 2015 (UTC)

 * Two years, and not a peep from anyone about this, for or against. To repeat, no case is made here to support the need for a "green" technology for gold nanoparticle production. This section is occupying space for no good reason. Unless a case for its retention is made then it is Going, going, go .  . . .  Plant surfer  11:55, 21 February 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Colloidal gold. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120218052041/http://www.ansci.wisc.edu/facstaff/Faculty/pages/albrecht/albrecht_web/Programs/microscopy/colloid.html to http://www.ansci.wisc.edu/facstaff/Faculty/pages/albrecht/albrecht_web/Programs/microscopy/colloid.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20041028230241/http://uninews.unimelb.edu.au/articleid_791.html to http://uninews.unimelb.edu.au/articleid_791.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20150109003814/http://www.stevenperrault.com/lab-methods/ to http://www.stevenperrault.com/lab-methods/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 19:10, 10 August 2017 (UTC)

Colloidal gold vs. gold nanoparticle
There's been some discussion at WT:CHEMICALS about splitting this article into Colloidal gold and Gold nanoparticle articles. The two are overlapping but are not the same: one could have a colloid that is not composed of nanoparticles (because the particles are too large), and one can have nanoparticles that are not a colloid (because they are not in suspension, for example if they are in powder form).

As written it seems that the History and Physical properties sections are mostly about colloids while the rest is mostly about nanoparticles. But the whole article has such problems with using primary sources, may of which are outdated—especially since a significant portion of the article falls under WP:MEDRS—that it might be better to just start over with a new Gold nanoparticle article. John P. Sadowski (NIOSH) (talk) 03:37, 30 August 2017 (UTC)

CAS report: about 1-2 papers per day on "colloidal gold"
Chemical Abstracts has 14,298 references on "colloidal gold", since 2014, there are 3188, including 63 reviews. If the concept of colloidal gold is searched, one retrieves 503,459 references. Half a million.--Smokefoot (talk) 18:47, 17 July 2019 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Colloidal gold


text:
McFarland

McFarland may refer to:

People

 * McFarland (surname)

Places in the United States

 * McFarland, California, a city
 * McFarland, Kansas, a city
 * McFarland, Missouri, a ghost town
 * McFarland, Wisconsin, a village

Other uses

 * USS McFarland (DD-237), a US Navy destroyer
 * McFarland, USA, a 2015 sports drama film
 * McFarland & Company, a publisher of nonfiction and academic books
 * McFarland Mall, a shopping center in Tuscaloosa, Alabama
 * McFarland standards, a scale for the measurement of turbidity in bacterial suspensions

title: McFarland


text:
Étienne Desmarteau

Joseph-Étienne Desmarteau (4 February 1873 – 29 October 1905) was a Canadian athlete, winner of the weight throwing event at the 1904 Summer Olympics.

Biography
Born in Boucherville, Quebec, Desmarteau was member of the Montréal Athletic Club was one of the top competitors in the 56 lb (25.4 kg) weight throwing event, which is no longer an Olympic event. In 1902 he had won the American AAU championships, beating John Flanagan. Flanagan broke the world record in the event prior to the 1904 Olympics, making him one of the favourites for the event along with Desmarteau.

To compete in the Olympics, Desmarteau, a fire officer in Montréal, had to ask for a leave of absence to go to St. Louis, but he was denied by his employer. He decided to go anyway, which cost him his job. In St. Louis, his first throw was 34 ft 4 in (10.46 m), enough for victory over Flanagan, who did not manage better than a 33 ft 4 in (10.16 m) throw. At the 1904 Olympics, Desmarteau was the only non-American to win in the field events.

Desmarteau received a hero's welcome back in Montréal and was rehired as a police officer. The following year, he died, possibly of typhoid fever.

A district, a park and a sports arena in Montréal have been named after him; the Étienne Desmarteau Centre was used as a venue for basketball during the 1976 Summer Olympics. The District d'Étienne Desmarteau is part of the borough of Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie.

It is contended that Desmarteau was the first Olympic Games champion from Canada, although 1900 Summer Olympics champion George Orton, who ran for an American university, was also Canadian.

title: Étienne Desmarteau


text:
McGovern

McGovern may refer to the following:

 * McGovern (name), surname of Irish origin
 * McGovern Institute for Brain Research

People:
 * Alison McGovern (b. 1980), British Labour politician
 * Barry McGovern, Irish Actor
 * Bill McGovern (American football) (1962–2023), American football coach
 * Brian Magauran b.1592 was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1622 until his death.
 * Brian Mág Samhradháin (anglicised McGovern), chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from c.1240 to 1258.
 * Brian 'Breaghach' Mág Samhradháin (anglicised McGovern), chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1272 to 3 May 1294.
 * Brian Óg Mág Samhradháin (anglicised Brian McGovern Junior) d. 1584, was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan until his death in 1584.
 * Brian McGovern (footballer), former Irish professional footballer
 * Colonel Bryan Magauran, the Sixth, (Gaelic- Brian Mág Samhradháin) was the last chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan for a brief period at the end of the 17th century.
 * Cathal Mág Samhradháin, the First, (anglicised Charles McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1460 until his death in 1478.
 * Cathal Mág Samhradháin, the Second, (anglicised Charles McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1504 until his death in 1512.
 * Charles Magauran, the Third, (Gaelic- Cathal Mág Samhradháin) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan including the period 1641 to 1657.
 * Cormac Mác Shamhradháin, Bishop of Ardagh 1444-1476
 * Des McGovern (1928-2013), Australian rugby league footballer
 * Domhnall 'Bernach' Mág Samhradháin (anglicised Donal 'Gap-Tooth' McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1495 until his death on 15 February 1496.
 * Donnchadh 'Cime' Mág Samhradháin (anglicised McGovern), chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1258 to 1269.
 * Éamonn Mág Samhradháin (anglicised Eamon McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1496 until his death in 1504.
 * Edmund MacGauran, Archbishop of Armagh 1587-1593
 * Elizabeth McGovern, American film and television actress
 * Eóghan Mág Samhradháin (anglicised Owen McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1458 until his death in 1460.
 * Eugene McGovern, former Irish/Munster rugby player
 * Fearghal Mág Samhradháin, (anglicised Fergal McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1359 until his death in 1393.
 * Feidhlimidh Mág Samhradháin, the First (anglicised Phelim McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1478 until his death on 15 February 1495
 * Feidhlimidh Mág Samhradháin, the Second, (anglicised Felim McGovern), chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from before 1611 until his death on 20 January 1622.
 * Francis E. McGovern, Governor of Wisconsin
 * George McGovern (1922–2012), American politician from South Dakota, 1972 Democratic presidential nominee
 * Eleanor McGovern (1921–2007), wife of George McGovern
 * Giolla Íosa Mág Samhradháin, (d.1231) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from c.1200–1231.
 * Giolla na Naomh Mág Samhradháin, the First, was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from c.1160–1200.
 * J. Raymond McGovern, New York State Comptroller (1951–1954)
 * James McGovern (disambiguation), various
 * Jim McGovern (American politician), American politician from Massachusetts
 * John McGovern (soldier), Victorian Cross recipient
 * John McGovern (footballer), Scottish footballer
 * John McGovern (politician), Scottish politician
 * Jonny McGovern, American stand-up comedian and musician
 * Maghnus Mág Samhradháin, the First, (anglicised Manus McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1294 until his murder in 1299.
 * Maghnus 'Ruadh' Mág Samhradháin, the Second, (anglicised 'Red' Manus McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1393 until his murder in 1408.
 * Maureen McGovern, American singer
 * Michael McGovern (disambiguation), several people
 * Muireadhach Mág Samhradhán, (anglicised Murtagh McGovern) was the first person to bear the surname McGovern and was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from c.1120–1160.
 * Niall Mág Samhradháin, (anglicised Niall McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1340 until his death in 1359.
 * Owen Roe McGovern, former Cavan Gaelic footballer
 * Patrick McGovern (disambiguation), various
 * Peter McGovern (1927–2006), English songwriter and activist
 * Ray McGovern, former CIA agent and member of Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity (VIPS)
 * Robert M. McGovern, soldier in the United States Army during the Korean War
 * Tim McGovern (1955–2024), American visual effects artist
 * Tomás Mág Samhradháin (anglicised McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1269 to 1272.
 * Tomás Mág Samhradháin the Second, (anglicised Thomas McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from before 1325 until his death in 1340.
 * Tomás Óg 'na Fésóige' Mág Samhradháin, the Third, (anglicised Thomas McGovern, Junior 'of the beard') was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1393 until his death in 1458.
 * Tomás Mág Samhradháin, the Fourth (anglicised Thomas McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1512 until his death in 1532.
 * Tomas Óg Mág Samhradháin (anglicised McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1584 until the end of the 16th century.
 * Uaithne Mág Samhradháin (anglicised Owny McGovern) was chief of the McGovern Clan of Tullyhaw, County Cavan from 1540 until his death.
 * William Montgomery McGovern (1897–1964), was possible inspiration for the character of Indiana Jones, as an American anthropologist, journalist, political scientist, and professor.

Places:
 * McGovern, Pennsylvania
 * Ballymcgovern, Co. Cavan,

title: McGovern


text:
McGrath

McGrath or MacGrath derives from the Irish surname Mac Craith and is occasionally noted with a space: e.g. Izzy Mc Grath. In Ireland, it is pronounced "Mack Grah" "Mick Grah" or "Ma Grah". In Australia and New Zealand it is pronounced MuhGrah.

Notable people with the surname include:

Clergy

 * Alister McGrath (born 1953), Anglican theologian
 * Desmond McGrath, Canadian politician and Catholic priest
 * Michael McGrath (bishop) (1882–1961), Roman Catholic Archbishop of Cardiff, Wales
 * Patrick Joseph McGrath (1945–2023), Roman Catholic Bishop of San Jose, California

Musicians

 * Eamon McGrath (born 1988), Canadian indie rock musician
 * Gunner McGrath (born 1978), American vocalist and guitarist
 * Mark McGrath (born 1968), American rock vocalist

Writers and poets

 * Campbell McGrath (born 1962), American poet
 * Eamonn McGrath (1929-2008), Irish novelist
 * Harold MacGrath (1871–1932), American novelist and screenwriter
 * Patrick McGrath (novelist) (born 1950), British novelist
 * Seán mac Ruaidhrí Mac Craith (fl. 14th century), author of Caithréim Thoirdhealbhaigh
 * Thomas McGrath (poet) (1916–1990), American poet
 * Wendy McGrath, Canadian poet and novelist

Actors, directors, and screenwriters

 * Alethea McGrath, Australian actress
 * Bob McGrath (1932–2022), US actor, known for Sesame Street
 * Derek McGrath (born 1951), Canadian actor
 * Douglas McGrath (1958–2022), American screenwriter, director, and actor
 * Frances McGrath, American actress
 * Frank McGrath (1903–1967), US actor
 * Joseph McGrath (born 1930), Scottish film director
 * Judith McGrath (1947–2017), Australian actress
 * Katie McGrath (born 1983), Irish actress

Athletes

 * Andrew McGrath (born 1998), Australian rules footballer
 * Craig McGrath (rugby union), former New Zealand rugby union player
 * Felix McGrath (born 1963), former American World Cup alpine skier
 * Glenn McGrath (born 1970), Australian former cricketer
 * Jeremy McGrath (born 1971), American Motocross/Supercross champion
 * John McGrath (English footballer) (1938–1998), English footballer and football manager
 * Kyle McGrath (born 1992), American baseball player
 * Marion Mott-McGrath (born 1940), Australian chess player
 * Mick McGrath (footballer) (born 1936), Irish footballer
 * Paul McGrath (footballer) (born 1959), Irish former footballer
 * Robbie McGrath (born 1951), former Irish rugby union international
 * Sean McGrath (American football) (born 1987), American National Football League player
 * Tahlia McGrath (born 1995), Australian cricketer
 * Tim McGrath (born 1970), former Australian rules footballer

Politicians

 * Amy McGrath, retired US Marine and politician
 * Charles McGrath (politician) (1872–1934), Australian politician
 * J. Howard McGrath (1903–1966), American politician
 * James McGrath (Australian politician) (born 1974), Australian senator
 * James McGrath (Canadian politician) (1932–2017), Canadian politician
 * Joseph McGrath (Irish politician) (1887–1966), Irish politician
 * Michael A. McGrath (1942–2021), American politician
 * Patrick McGrath (Irish politician) (died 1956), Irish politician
 * Paul McGrath (politician) (born 1948), Irish politician
 * Roy McGrath (1969–2023), American politician and fugitive
 * William McGrath (1916–1992), Northern Irish Loyalist, convicted paedophile

Academia

 * Elizabeth McGrath (art historian) (born 1945), British art historian and academic
 * Patrick McGrath (psychologist), Canadian psychologist
 * Sarah McGrath (born 1972), American philosopher
 * William Thomas McGrath, Canadian penologist

Others

 * James McGrath (artist) (born 1969), Australian artist and architect
 * Kevin McGrath, British businessman
 * Patrick McGrath (Irish republican) (1894-1940)
 * Rae McGrath (born 1947), British campaigner against landmines
 * Raymond McGrath (1903–1977), British Australian architect
 * Rory McGrath (born 1956), British comedian
 * Tom McGrath (media executive) (born 1956), American media expert
 * William L. McGrath (1894–1975), American business executive

title: McGrath


text:
Type 96 tank

The Type 96 or ZTZ96 is a Chinese second generation main battle tank (MBT). The final evolution of the Type 88 design, the Type 96 entered service with the People's Liberation Army (PLA) in 1997. The later variants of the Type 96 are currently in PLA service together with China's third generation MBT, the Type 99.

History
China's tank development can be divided into three generations. The first generation was the Type 59, a locally manufactured copy of the Soviet T-54 and its derivative tanks. The second generation of MBTs started with the Type 80 and reached its end state as the Type 96. The third generation began with the Type 99 tank.

China's first generation tank development program failed to meet the PLA's performance requirements. These technical shortcomings coincided with the appearance of the T-72 and T-80 tanks in Russia, which influenced Chinese defense officials and contributed to their decision to begin development of a new generation indigenous MBT in the early 1980s. This new program was to lead to the development of the Type 80/85 family by 1988. The Type 80 prototypes were accepted into PLA service as the Type 88A/B. Most distinctively, the Type 88 family had six road wheels instead of the five that the previous Chinese MBTs possessed. However, after the 1991 Gulf War the PLA soon realized that the Type 88 design was insufficient, due to Iraqi Type 59/69 tanks' poor performance against contemporary NATO tanks (as the Type 88 itself is a further development of the Type 59). A better domestic MBT was required. However, continued delays in China's third gen MBT development meant the PLA had no choice but to continue development of the Type 85 family. In 1995, Norinco produced the Type 85-III prototype with an upgraded engine and explosive reactive armor.

In 1997, the upgraded Type 85-IIM prototypes were accepted into PLA service as the Type 88C/Type 96. The most visible difference between the Type 96 and earlier Type 88 series tanks was the additional spaced armor on the turret front. This spaced armor gave the Type 96 a rectangular front profile, visually distinguishing it from the round turret of the Type 88. Other visible differences included their armament: the Type 96 possessed a locally designed 125mm smoothbore gun while the earlier Type 88 variants used a 105mm rifled gun instead. This made the Type 96 the first PLA tank in service armed with a 125mm caliber gun.

By mid-2016, the Chinese military had over 7,000 tanks in active service, including about 2,077 Type 96/Type 96As and about 814 Type 99/Type 99As. Compared to the Type 99—with its high capability and similarly high cost—the cheaper Type 96B is seen by domestic experts as the main tank in the modernization of the PLA.

Deployment
In the early 2000s, the Type 96 was the PLA's main armored firepower for maneuver warfare units. 31 tanks are deployed in an armored battalion and 10 tanks are deployed in a company.

After the PLA's reforms in 2017, the Type 96 is deployed in the combined arms battalion of the new heavy combined arms brigade. Each battalion features two tank companies and two mechanized infantry companies, with each company having 14 vehicles.

International Tank Biathlon
In 2014, China participated with the Type 96A in the Russian-hosted tank biathlon, where it competed against the Russian T-72B3, clinching third place. China participated again in 2015, coming in second place. In 2016, it won one gold medal (out of a total of 23 awarded gold medals). China once again reached the finals of the Tank Biathlon in 2021.

Armaments
The main armament is a 2-plane stabilized 125 mm ZPT-98 smoothbore gun with an autoloader using a carousel-style magazine. The main gun has a fume extractor located midway along its length. Secondary armaments include a QJC-88 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and a 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun. The Type 96 is equipped with the ISFCS-212 computerized fire-control system with a ballistic computer, laser rangefinder, and automatic target tracking capability. When the Type 96 entered service, its fire-control system was reportedly superior to that of the T-72 tanks fielded by other nations at the time. The Type 96 is capable of day/night all-weather operations as the driver, gunner and commander have access to night vision devices and image intensifiers.

Type 96A is fitted with ISFCS-212B fire-control system, which replaced the gunner night vision sight with thermal imaging system sporting 3x and 8x optical magnifications. The new GUMS-2 digital ballistic computer provides more detailed calibration in sophisticated environments. The gunner thermal sight is connected to the commander terminal, which allows the commander to take over in an emergency. Type 96B's fire-control system is further upgraded from Type 96A, which includes new computer, communication, command and control systems. Despite the lack of commander-independent thermal sight, the fire-control computer of Type 96A and Type 96B allows the commander to acquire and engage enemy targets through the optical periscope mounted on the commander’s hatch.

Protection
The vehicle features six double-tired road wheels with tracks. The upper portions of the tracks are protected by armor skirts in saw-toothed shape. The glacis plate is sloped to the point of being near-horizontal for better protection. The turret has a low-profile design, which makes the vehicle less likely to be seen on the battlefield. Six smoke grenade dischargers are fitted to the side of the turret, providing total of 12 smokes. Due to the usage of autoloader, the tank only has a crew of three, which consists of the driver, tank commander, and gunner. The tank series is also fitted with NBC protection and automatic fire suppression system. Type 96 features steel and composite armor on the front hull and turret. On Type 96A, the tank turret is fully welded with improved steel armor layer and composite mix. The arrow-shaped FY-4 explosive reactive armor (ERA) blocks are mounted on the turret, hull, and storage bucket for increased protection. Type 96B's armor layout is similar to that of Type 96A.

An electro-optical actived defense system, TCS-2, developed by 303 Institute of Norinco, is installed on the Type 96A prototype. TCS-2 was not installed on the mass-produced version due to limited protection against modern anti-tank missiles.

Mobility
The tank driver sits at the front-left of the hull. The tank commander and gunner sit in the turret. The engine compartment is located in the rear. The Type 96 tank was powered by a 730 hp (582 kW) engine which was subsequently upgraded to a 800 hp engine on the Type 96A.

On the Type 96B, the engine was upgraded again to 1200 hp (895 kW). It also features a new hydropneumatic suspension system and automatic transmission system, providing greater mobility and responsiveness. The increase in horsepower also allows the Type 96B to have a very high power-to-weight ratio, improving its acceleration and hill climbing abilities.

Type 96
Domestic version of Type 85-IIM. Sometimes mistakenly referred to as the Type 88C. Renamed Type 96 when put into PLA service. In comparison to the Type 85 and Type 88, the Type 96 features a more powerful engine, improved electronics and a welded turret. Type 96 was accepted by the PLA in 1997.

Type 96A
Additional "arrow-shaped" modular armor similar to the Type 99 is installed on the turret front. The back of the hull is now completely flat compared to the baseline Type 96. The Type 96A was first revealed in 2006, but in-service tanks were first seen in a military parade in 2009.

The Type 96A is a third-generation upgrade of the Type 96. Its internal electronics may have been upgraded to Type 99 standards. The visual profile of the Type 96A is similar to the Type 99. However, the Type 96A can be distinguished from the Type 99 by the driver's position of the left side of the hull. FY-4 ERA was added on front upper glacis. The vehicle is equipped with a thermal imager. Features an upgraded 800 hp engine.

TCS-2 electro-optical active defense system, similar to the Shtora, has been installed. Electro-optical jammers which are able to jam enemy guided missiles, rangefinders, and designators are found on the tank.

Type 96B
Variant first seen in July 2016 loaded on a Russia-bound train to participate in the 2016 tank biathlon. It is equipped with an improved engine, improved high-performance gun with an upgraded fire-control system, new transmission, chassis, ventilation, communications and computer systems, exhaust and suspension. However it still doesn't feature a commander-independent sight. Compared to the previous variants, the two exhausts that were originally located on the right side of the hull are now located on the rear hull with air vents. The Type 96B has a stated maximum speed of 74 km/h.

VT-2
Export variant of Type-96A. Debuted at the 2012 Defence Services Asia Exhibition. Can be equipped with Remote Weapons Station and has a maximum speed of 70 km/h (on road). Capable of turning on its own axis. On December 9, 2021, the Tanzania People's Defence Force displayed a single unit of the VT-2 main battle tank during a parade in Dar es Salaam to mark the 60th anniversary of Tanzanian independence.

Operators

 * People's Liberation Army – 36+ battalions of Type-96A (around 1,500 units), 31+ battalions of Type 96 (around 1,000 units) as of December 2015.
 * Tanzania People's Defence Force - at least one unit of the export variant VT-2.
 * Tanzania People's Defence Force - at least one unit of the export variant VT-2.
 * Tanzania People's Defence Force - at least one unit of the export variant VT-2.

title: Type 96 tank


text:
McGraw

McGraw or MacGraw may refer to:
 * McGraw (surname)
 * McGraw, New York
 * McGraw-Hill Education, a publishing and education corporation

title: McGraw


text:
McGregor

McGregor may refer to:

People

 * McGregor (surname)
 * Clan MacGregor, a Scottish highland clan
 * McGregor W. Scott (born 1962), U.S. attorney

Characters

 * Mr. McGregor, a fictional character from Peter Rabbit

Places
in Canada:
 * McGregor Lake, Alberta; a lake
 * McGregor, British Columbia
 * McGregor Plateau, Nechaka Plateau, Interior Plateau, British Columbia; a mountainous plateau
 * McGregor Range, Central Interior, British Columbia; a mountain range
 * McGregor Pass, Continental Divide, British Columbia; a mountain pass
 * McGregor River, British Columbia; a river
 * McGregor, Ontario

in South Africa:
 * McGregor, Western Cape

in the United States:
 * McGregor, Florida
 * McGregor, Georgia
 * McGregor, Iowa
 * McGregor Heights, Iowa
 * McGregor, Minnesota
 * McGregor Township, Aitkin County, Minnesota
 * Mount McGregor (mountain), New York
 * McGregor, North Dakota
 * McGregor, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania
 * McGregor, Texas
 * McGregor Independent School District
 * McGregor Mountain (Washington)

elsewhere:
 * McGregor Glacier, Prince Olav Mountains, Antarctica
 * Sir Arthur McGregor Municipality, Anzoátegui, Venezuela
 * McGregor Street, Wan Chai, Hong Kong Island, Victoria, Hong Kong, China

Facilities and structures

 * McGregor station (British Columbia), Canada; a train station
 * McGregor (Port Gibson, Mississippi), USA; a house listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places
 * McGregor Links, a golf course in Saratoga Springs, New York, USA
 * McGregor High School (Minnesota), USA
 * McGregor High School (Texas), USA
 * McGregor station (Texas), USA; a train station

Other uses

 * "McGregor" (song), a 2021 song by 'Anuel AA' off the album Las Leyendas Nunca Mueren
 * McGregor and Company, a heavy engineering company of New Zealand

title: McGregor


text:
Hugh Bigod

Hugh Bigod may refer to:
 * Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk (1095–1177), founder of the English family of this name
 * Hugh le Bigod, Member of Parliament (MP) for Essex
 * Hugh Bigod (peer), son of Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk by 2nd marriage, see Bigod family
 * Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk (1182–1225),
 * Hugh Bigod (Justiciar) (died 1266), youngest son of Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk

title: Hugh Bigod


text:
Conduct

Conduct may refer to:

Actions

 * Behavior, the range of actions and mannerisms made by entities
 * Human behavior, the way people act
 * Work behavior, the way people act on the job
 * Conduct disorder, a mental disorder
 * Action (philosophy), that which is done by an agent
 * Conducting, directing a musical performance

Other uses

 * Conduct book, a genre of books that attempt to educate the reader on social norms
 * Conduct money, money paid in some legal systems
 * Conduct (album), an album by the band Fuck
 * Conduct: An Introduction to Moral Philosophy, 1969 book by Ronald Field Atkinson
 * Conduct (chaplain), a chaplain or a sub-chaplain of Eton or of certain colleges of Cambridge University

title: Conduct


text:
New Politics Initiative

The New Politics Initiative (NPI) was a faction of Canada's New Democratic Party. It was generally viewed to be further left than Alexa McDonough's leadership, but not as far left as the Socialist Caucus.

The NPI believed that the NDP was moving too close to the right, and was dangerously close to becoming another Liberal Party. It believed in uniting Canada's left to combat that. The NPI viewed Canada's left as being more than just the labour unions, but rather as appealing to a staunch left wing who believe in anti-globalization, feminism, gay rights, and environmentalism. The NPI attributed the poor showing of the NDP in recent years to having alienated its left-wing base by moving towards the centre, and wished to bring these activists into the NDP by adopting their views.

The NPI was founded in June 2001, and was soon joined by British Columbian Members of Parliament Libby Davies and Svend Robinson. Other prominent members included Judy Rebick and Jim Stanford. The NPI originally called for the NDP to disband and form another, more left wing, party under a different name with the participation of social movements. It was said that this would have followed the path set by the NDP when it was created in 1961 by its predecessor party, the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, and labour unions, but the NPI did not propose a formal merger, but a disbanding.

The NPI never articulated a specific plan for how social movements could be integrated into the NDP. At the NDP convention held in Winnipeg in November 2001, opponents of the initiative used that lack of detail to defeat the proposal. The NPI's resolution onn the support of almost 40 per cent of convention delegates.

When Jack Layton won the NDP leadership in January 2003, it was taken as a victory by the NPI, with whom Layton had sympathized, but never joined. Key NPI leaders such as Robinson, Davies and Rebick supported Layton's campaign for leader. With Layton's election the NPI became less vocal and formally dissolved in early 2004, with a concluding public meeting being held on February 22.

title: New Politics Initiative


text:
McGuffey

McGuffey may refer to:

 * William Holmes McGuffey, American writer
 * The McGuffey Readers, written by William Holmes McGuffey
 * McGuffey, Ohio, a town in the United States
 * McGuffey School District, a school district in Western Pennsylvania, United States

title: McGuffey


text:
Talk:Forgery

Anarquista
Lucio Urtubia 179.212.9.172 (talk) 17:53, 30 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Forgery


text:
Talk:Sysop

Comments
Needs formatting etc. — Hippietrail 11:20, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Format...
I wasn't sure as to whether the wikipedia sysop section should be above or below the rest...

I believe that the majority of the people coming to this page would do so seeking info about wikipedia sysops, so should this article be formatted by relevance?

--jonasaurus 05:01, 13 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I removed the section about Wikipedia SysOps. Information relating to the Wikipedia should be kept in the Wikipedia: namespace unless it is notable for the general (non contributing) user of the encyclopedia. bbx 14:29, 24 July 2005 (UTC)

 * It would be nice if there was a link to wikipedia sysops though, as in the page for the All Free Dictionaries project (AFD), which starts with For the Wikipedia:Articles for Deletion shortcut, please use WP:AFD. Smmurphy 17:28, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

Move? (0)
Should this be at Sysop rather than SysOp? I've never seen the CamelCase version before. — sjorford (talk)  13:53, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I've never seen the capitalised version either and have years of experience online; I think someone was being overzealous. I have changed it throughout the article (but I don't think I can modify the article title itself without a login). 86.150.130.12 19:12, 3 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Looks like it was moved from the lowercase version in May 2005, and I'd support a move back to the regular one. But just in case we're missing something, I'll list it at Requested Moves for a few days to get more input. -- nae'blis 16:31, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I have seen SysOp just as SysAdmin is sometimes used. Having said that I don't dispute leaving the page as Sysop. Robert Brockway (talk) 22:21, 15 June 2009 (UTC)

Pronunciation
Do others pronounce it /ˈsɪz.ɑp/? I don't want to add it if this is just an idiosyncrasy of mine. -- Arthaey 06:38, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

Proposed move (1)

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the . Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

PAGE MOVED from SysOp to Sysop per discussion below. -GTBacchus(talk) 19:17, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

I'll double check that one. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 116.48.134.112 (talk) 03:28, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Support - crz crztalk 18:21, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Support Patstuarttalk 18:54, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Support per section above. -- nae'blis 21:32, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Support. Mention the camel-case version in the first line. --  SigPig  |SEND - OVER 05:11, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Fixed the following: Internet <=/=> the World Wide Web; and the word "sysop" is still prevalent in various contexts.

 * "Internet" PREDATES the Web by over a decade and was coterminous with the development of BBS systems, many or most of which can be considered part of or linked to the 'net before the Web took off. Terminology confusion there. Fixed.

 * BBS systems still exist on some level, and this article is about the general phenomenon of systems that have a sysop (self-described), so use of the word "sysop" in the past tense is non-encyclopedic. Fixed.

 * Use of the word "sysop" is still prevalent in various non-BBS contexts, including as a synonym for sysadmin. As evidenced by its use on this website (hardly a unique phenomenon).  Just FYI.

I have corrected the first two problems in the article. I'll let someone else look up current use of the term "sysop", but it most certainly did not fall into disuse after the 1980s, as this Wikipedian can attest. --berr 216.15.63.67 (talk) 23:20, 22 July 2010 (UTC)

Move request (2)

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was not moved. --BDD (talk) 18:57, 16 October 2012 (UTC) (non-admin closure)

Sysop → System operator – Expand abbreviation for more clarity. --The Evil IP address (talk) 16:20, 9 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose – "Sysop" is the common name for a person performing this role. Graham 87 05:10, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose per Graham87.--Jasper Deng (talk) 05:14, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
 * Oppose there is much less clarity in the proposed name, since a "system operator" indicates nothing about the system being operated, while a "sysop" has a restricted meaning. There are many systems that have operators called "system operators" which have nothing to do with "sysops". -- 70.24.247.66 (talk) 05:32, 12 October 2012 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Changing Gears
Maybe these individuals carry on the same name "sysop," denoting the same person. I had an experience with a sysop by the name of purple panda a long time ago on 'his' bbs. Perhaps there is something to this. You see it around, but why does the internet have this type of occupation available, you really need to see if this actually accounts for a real situation. So, it seems that way, not by my experience with the internet. So perhaps corporations hire these individuals, but it seems their occurrence is not really by the name Sysop; I hope you understand. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2602:301:7751:160:AD64:9A76:72DA:32B0 (talk) 03:57, 18 July 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sysop


text:
McKees Rocks

 * McKees Rocks may refer to:

Places

 * McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania, a borough in Allegheny County

Events

 * The 1909 McKees Rocks Strike, also known as the Pressed Steel Car Strike of 1909

title: McKees Rocks


text:
Goulais River

The Goulais River (Pronounced: goo-lee) is a river in northern Ontario, Canada, which rises in the Algoma highlands and empties into Goulais Bay on eastern Lake Superior near Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. It is one of the largest tributaries on the eastern lake, draining an area of approximately 2000 km2.

The river and its tributaries were used to transport logs to local sawmills during the second half of the 19th century. The Algoma Central Railway travels up the river valley on its way to the Agawa canyon.

At one time, the river was an important spawning area for lake sturgeon. However, logging operations, fishing and the installation of an electric barrier to prevent sea lampreys from travelling upstream (removed in 1960) have reduced sturgeon activity in the river.

The river is used for recreational canoeing, kayaking, and swimming, and the headwaters and parts of the river have been protected by the Goulais River Provincial Park.

The river's name is thought to come from the French word goulet or "narrow passage", which is also the source of the English words "gully" and "gullet". The French called the area at the river's mouth Anse de la pêche or "Fish Inlet".

The Goulais River is a popular yellow pickerel fishing area. The river is also home to bass, brook trout, and other species.

Goulais River Provincial Park
Since 2003, a 5086 ha section of the river is protected in the Goulais River Provincial Park. It is a waterway park consisting of a strip of land along both shores of the river. Some of its features includes shoreline wetlands, falls, a lake section, and stretches through talus slopes and bedrock resembling rock gardens. It is home to a self-sustaining brook trout population.

As a non-operating park, there are no visitor facilities and services.

The park is part of the Algoma Headwaters Signature Site, that also includes the Algoma Headwaters Provincial Park, Aubinadong-Nushatogaini Rivers Provincial Park, and the Ranger North Conservation Reserve.

title: Goulais River


text:
Meadow Bridge

Meadow Bridge may refer to a location in the United States:

 * Meadow Bridge, West Virginia, a town
 * Meadow Bridge (Shelburne, New Hampshire), a bridge

title: Meadow Bridge


text:
Meadow Brook

Meadow Brook may refer to:

Places

 * Meadow Brook, New Brunswick, Canada

United States

 * Meadow Brook, Minnesota, in St. Louis County
 * Meadow Brook Hall, Rochester Hills, Michigan, the former Estate of Matilda Dodge Wilson
 * Meadow Brook Music Festival, Rochester Hills, Michigan
 * Meadow Brook Township, Cass County, Minnesota

Waterways

 * Meadow Brook (Lackawanna River tributary), a stream in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
 * Meadow Brook (Missouri), a stream in Knox County, Missouri

title: Meadow Brook


text:
Fukiya

The is the Japanese blowgun, as well as the term for the associated sport. It consists of a 1.2 m tube, with darts approximately 20 cm in length. Unlike modern Western blowguns, the fukiya has no mouthpiece: instead, a shooter must maintain a seal with the lips while forcefully exhaling. The darts used in the fukiya are called fukibari. Traditionally, fukibari were 5 cm in length.

In Japan, fukiya is considered to be an archery sport, maintained by the Japan Sports Fukiya Association. In order to promote fukiya, the International Fukiya Association (IFA) was formed, based in Japan. The main organizations under the IFA are the American Association (ASBA), and the French Federation (FSBA).

History
The fukiya is often considered to have been a weapon of the ninja. It is known that in the past, there were numerous schools of martial arts and ninjutsu (such as Togakure-ryū) which used the fukiya and fukibari alone (as senbon).

A typical ninjutsu fukiya is around 50 cm, which is shorter than the sport fukiya, and does shorten the effective range. Thus, even in theory, ninja would have had to use special darts with poisoned tips in order for it to work, and fired from a concealed location. Most likely, it was used similar to shuriken, as a distraction.

The blowgun can also double as a breathing pipe and straw to enable the ninja practitioner to better survive in the wilderness.

There will always be doubts whether it was truly effective compared to bow and arrows, since it has a shorter range. In the hands of experts ("Master" level), it can be very accurate, as testified by sport fukiya players today.

Science of fukiya
The range of a fukiya is determined by size (diameter), weight, length and material of its basic component, the tube. Pressure built up in the tube from the player's breath and the technique that the player uses to channel the breath into the tube affects the speed that the dart will exit the muzzle.

Weight will affect a player's ability to hold the tube steady, and arm fatigue level over a period of time.

Sport fukiya
Like any sport, fukiya has certain guidelines for its equipment. In general, international guidelines set by IFA are less strict than JSFA. Currently, the specifications for international competitions are as follows:
 * Equipment: Can be self-made (Japanese competitions require properly made equipment)
 * Pipe
 * length: 120 cm; For practice at home, students can employ a 50 cm pipe, with the target placed at 5-6 m away
 * diameter: 13 mm if possible; anywhere between 12 mm to 13 mm, so 0.5 in is acceptable for International competition
 * Weight: 150 g for beginners; 600 g for advanced
 * Darts: wedge shape if possible; conical shape is acceptable; guidelines can vary
 * length: Approximately 20 cm in length
 * weight: 0.8 g
 * Competition
 * Distance from target: 10 m; 8 m for handicap competitors; 6 m for novice; (5-6 m for practice, using a shorter blowgun)
 * Number of darts in use: 30
 * Target: 3 rings
 * bulls-eye: 6 cm diameter, 7 points
 * inner ring: 12 cm in diameter, 5 points
 * outer ring: 18 cm in diameter, 3 points
 * Bulleye's height from the ground: 160 cm (90 cm for handicap)
 * Point calculation: 6 rounds of 5 shots are taken, with a maximum score of 210 points
 * Time allotted: not exceeding 25 minutes, for all 30 darts, including shooting, scoring, retrieval, and cleaning the barrel
 * Level advancement (minimum score required)
 * 3 kyu: 60 points
 * 2 kyu: 75 points
 * 1 kyu: 90-105 points (depends on association)
 * shodan: 105-119 points (depends on association)
 * 2 dan: 120 points
 * 3 dan: 150 points
 * 4 dan: 162 points
 * 5 dan: 175 points
 * Master level I: three 186 points scores

Associations

 * International Fukiya Association
 * United States Blowgun Association (USA)
 * Japan Sport Fukiya Association (Japan)

Popular culture

 * Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles features fukiyas being used by the Ultimate Ninja and Foot Ninjas.
 * In Princess Mononoke, Jigo's men use fukiyas which they keep disguised as parasols when not in use.
 * A fukiya was used by a ninja in Deadliest Warrior.

title: Fukiya


text:
Interstate 590

Interstate 590 (I-590) is a north–south auxiliary Interstate Highway that serves the immediate southeastern suburbs of the city of Rochester, New York, in the United States. It extends for 5.31 mi from an interchange with I-390 in Brighton to the Can of Worms, a complex interchange connecting I-590 to I-490 (Eastern Expressway) just inside the Rochester city line. I-590 makes up the southeast quadrant of the Rochester Outer Loop, which continues west on I-390 and north past the Can of Worms on New York State Route 590 (NY 590). The highway is a spur route of I-90; the connection between the two is made via both I-390 and I-490.

The portion of I-590 between Winton Road and the Can of Worms was originally constructed in the 1960s and designated as part of NY 47 from Elmwood Avenue northward. In the late 1970s, I-590 was proposed as a designation for the entire southern half of the Outer Loop. Ultimately, it was cut back to its current western terminus at the then-proposed I-390. I-590 was officially assigned in 1980 following the elimination of NY 47, and the last segment of the freeway between Winton Road and I-390 was completed by the following year.

Route description
I-590 begins at a semi-directional T interchange with I-390 in the town of Brighton, a southern suburb of the city of Rochester. The route heads east from the junction, passing under South Clinton Avenue (which passes through the east half of the interchange but does not connect to either freeway) and traveling east through open fields to its first interchange (a diverging diamond interchange [DDI]) at South Winton Road. Here, the surroundings rapidly change from fields to densely populated residential areas as it passes through a more developed section of Brighton. As it approaches NY 31 (Monroe Avenue) at exit 2, I-590 turns a full 90 degrees to the north. Past NY 31, I-590 runs through the former Erie Canal and Rochester subway bed.

The freeway travels due north along this stretch, flanked on both sides by residential neighborhoods separated from I-590 only by sound barriers. Not far to the north of the intersection with NY 31 is exit 3, a partial diamond interchange for Elmwood Avenue permitting access from I-590 south and to I-590 north. Prior to 1980, NY 47 entered the freeway at this point and followed both I-590 and NY 590 north to Sea Breeze. Another partial interchange with Highland Avenue follows at exit 4—making the two connections that exit 3 omits—before I-590 enters the Can of Worms, a complex interchange connecting I-590 to I-490. North of the ramps leading to I-490, I-590 descends northeastward into a cut and passes below both I-490 and NY 96 as it becomes NY 590, which continues onward toward Sea Breeze.

History
I-590 appeared on maps of the Rochester area as early as 1977 as a designation for the portion of the Outer Loop south of I-490. At the time, only two portions of the loop—from I-490 in Gates southeast to NY 383 in Chili and from Winton Road in Brighton to I-490 in Rochester—were complete and open to traffic. The western portion was constructed c. 1965 and designated as part of NY 47. The eastern section, which opened from Monroe Avenue (NY 31) to the Can of Worms c. 1965 and from NY 31 west to Winton Road by 1968, was part of NY 47 between Elmwood Avenue and I-490. South of Elmwood Avenue, the expressway had no signed number as the Federal Highway Administration had yet to assign the I-590 designation. Construction on the missing section of the Outer Loop's southern half began in the late 1970s.

Around the same time, the state of New York began to look into the possibility of changing the designations that were assigned to the Outer Loop. In one proposal submitted to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in the late 1970s, I-590 would be truncated to begin at the then-proposed junction with I-390 in Brighton but also extended northward along the Sea Breeze Expressway to NY 104 in Irondequoit. The rest of the loop south of I-490, meanwhile, would become part of an extended I-390. NY 47, the then-current designation for much of the Outer Loop, would be eliminated entirely. Most of the plans went into effect when the NY 47 designation was eliminated on March 18, 1980. The southern half of the Outer Loop was signed as planned; however, I-390 and I-590 were modified to end at their junctions with I-490. The section of I-590 from Winton Road to I-390—as well as the interchange connecting the two—was completed c. 1981.

In 2012, a DDI was added at the intersection of I-590 and Winton Road in the Brighton suburb of Rochester.

title: Interstate 590


text:
Meadowood

Meadowood may refer to:

 * Meadowood, Pennsylvania
 * Meadowood Mall
 * Meadowood, Aurora, Colorado
 * Meadowood Estates, California
 * The Restaurant at Meadowood, a Michelin Guide 3-star restaurant located in Napa Valley, California

title: Meadowood


text:
Talk:Jaap Sahib

External link
This was the external link that was previously included in the article:

English Translation of Jaap Sahib

But according to anonymous User:213.39.153.69's recent comments:

This is not the Jaap Sahib written by Giru Gobind Singh. It is a website of a small religious group.

Can someone having more familiarity with the subject verify the truthfulness or falsity of this claim? In either case, is the external link an appropriate one? --Ardonik 11:30, Aug 11, 2004 (UTC)

that website is of a cult nothing to do with jaap sahib —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.6.135.176 (talk) 16:46, 19 April 2011 (UTC)

Youtube links
I am removing the following links; youtube should be linked on wikipedia - they do not provide copyright information: --Road Ahead  =Discuss= 19:04, 21 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Jaap Sahib Full Prayer
 * Jaap Sahib with Line By Line Translation

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Jaap Sahib. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110115035247/http://www.gurumaa.com/guru-gobind-singh-jaap-sahib.php to http://www.gurumaa.com/guru-gobind-singh-jaap-sahib.php

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:29, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

Issues with External links
I have just removed the following, thus emptying the External links section

 * Read Jaap Sahib & Translation Online
 * Download Punjabi Steek from Damdami Taksal
 * Sikwiki page of Jaap sahib
 * Jaap Sahib English Translation by Gobind Sadan PDF
 * Read Jaap Sahib Online
 * Jaap Sahib in Gurmukhi, English and its Transliteration by Sikh Research and Education Center

I really couldn't care less which link we supply but we do not need links to umpteen versions of similar material and this looks like spammed stuff. Please read WP:EL and gain consensus here for the inclusion of just one appropriate link.

There is also no need for three audio links, so I've remove those, too, pending similar consensus.

 * Audio from www.Sikhnet.com
 * Daily Episodes of Jaap Sahib
 * Recording Jaap Sahib

Now talk first, then edit please. - Sitush (talk) 09:06, 2 February 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jaap Sahib