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Ed Begley Jr.

Edward James Begley Jr. (born September 16, 1949) is an American actor and environmental activist. He has appeared in hundreds of films, television shows, and stage performances. He played Dr. Victor Ehrlich on the television series St. Elsewhere (1982–1988). The role earned him six consecutive Primetime Emmy Award nominations and a Golden Globe Award nomination. He also co-hosted, along with wife Rachelle Carson, the green living reality show titled Living with Ed (2007–2010).

Equally prolific in cinema, Begley's film appearances include Blue Collar (1978), An Officer and a Gentleman (1982), This Is Spinal Tap (1984), Transylvania 6-5000 (1985), The Accidental Tourist (1988), Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills (1989), She-Devil (1989), Batman Forever (1995), and Pineapple Express (2008). He is a recurring cast member in the mockumentaries of Christopher Guest and Eugene Levy, including Best in Show (2000), A Mighty Wind (2003), For Your Consideration (2006), and Mascots (2016). In 2020, he was cast along with his wife Rachelle in the award-winning mockumentary Reboot Camp.

Early life
Begley was born in 1949 in Los Angeles, California, to Allene Jeanne Sanders and Oscar-winning film actor Ed Begley. When Begley Jr. was born, Begley Sr. was married to Amanda Huff, who died, from cancer, when Begley Jr. was 7 years old. Until he was 16, Begley Jr. believed that Huff was his biological mother. He only later became acquainted with Sanders, his biological mother.

Begley's paternal grandparents were Irish immigrants. He grew up in Buffalo, New York, and attended Stella Niagara Education Park, a private Catholic school in Lewiston, New York. When he was 13, the family moved back to California, where he graduated from Notre Dame High School, Sherman Oaks, a Catholic high school, and from Los Angeles Valley College in North Hollywood.

Acting career
Begley has had numerous roles in television and film. He appeared as a guest actor on Maude and had guest appearances in the 1970s series Room 222. He had recurring roles on Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, 7th Heaven, Arrested Development, Meego, and Six Feet Under and starring roles in Stephen King's Kingdom Hospital, St. Elsewhere, and Wednesday 9:30 (8:30 Central). He was in one episode of My Three Sons, playing a tall classmate of Chip's.

He has played significant roles in three of Christopher Guest's mockumentary films Best in Show, A Mighty Wind, and For Your Consideration. Additionally, Begley played Viper pilot Greenbean on the original Battlestar Galactica TV series, Boba Fett in the radio adaptation of Return of the Jedi, and Seth Gillette, a fictional Democratic U.S. senator from North Dakota on The West Wing.

From 2000 to 2016, Begley was a member of the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In 1996, he appeared in a TV movie called The Late Shift, where he portrayed CBS executive Rod Perth. He has guest-starred on shows such as Scrubs, Boston Legal, and Star Trek: Voyager. He had a recurring guest role in season three of Veronica Mars. He appeared in the 2008 HBO film Recount, which profiled the 2000 presidential election and its aftermath, which was decided by Florida's electoral votes after the United States Supreme Court halted the counting of the state's popular vote. Begley also made an appearance on Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! Season 3, Episode 3, as a spokesman for Cinco.

In 2003, Begley wrote and directed the musical Cesar and Ruben. It was performed at the El Portal Theatre in Los Angeles and was revived in 2007. Begley played Dr. Walter Krandall, the protagonist's former marriage counselor and fiancé of his ex-wife in the CBS sitcom Gary Unmarried. Since 2008 he has been in a series of DirecTV commercials as a "Cable Corp Inc." executive. In 2013, he appeared on the reality television show Beverly Hills Pawn. In 2016, he began appearing in Breaking Bad prequel and spinoff Better Call Saul as Clifford Main, senior partner at the Davis & Main law firm. Beginning in 2019, he appeared in Bless This Mess for duration of the two seasons that the show ran.

Personal life
According to a feature on the Bio Channel television program Celebrity Close Calls, Begley nearly died in 1972 after being stabbed multiple times while, according to The New York Times, being mugged by a street gang of 25 youths.

Begley was married to Ingrid Taylor from 1976 to 1989. They had two children, a son and a daughter. In 2000, he married actress Rachelle Carson; they have a daughter.

Begley was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in 2016.

Environmental activism
Since 1970, Begley has been an environmentalist, beginning with his first electric vehicle (a Taylor-Dunn, golf cart–like vehicle), recycling, and becoming a vegan. He promotes eco-friendly products like the Toyota Prius, Envirolet composting toilets and Begley's Best Household Cleaner.

Begley's former home is 1585 sqft in size, using solar power, wind power via a PacWind vertical-axis wind turbine, an air conditioning unit made by Greenway Design Group, LLC., and an electricity-generating bicycle used to toast bread. In 2008 he stated that he was paying around $300 a year in electric bills.

Noting that the suburban lawn is environmentally unsustainable, especially in Southern California, owing to water shortage, Begley has converted his own to a drought-tolerant garden composed of native California plants. He is noted for riding bicycles and using public transportation, and owns a 2003 Toyota RAV4 EV electric-powered vehicle. In 2023 and 2024, he took public transit to the Academy Awards.

Begley's hybrid electric bicycle was often featured on his television show Living With Ed. Begley also spoofed his own environmentalist beliefs on "Homer to the Max", an episode of The Simpsons by showing himself using a nonpolluting go-kart that is powered by his "own sense of self-satisfaction" and on an episode of Dharma and Greg. Later, he appeared in "Gone Maggie Gone", another episode of The Simpsons, in Season 20. In the episode, during a solar eclipse, he drives a solar-powered car that stops running on train tracks as a train approaches, but the train also stops because it is an Ed Begley Jr. Solar Powered Train. According to another of Groening's animated comedy series, Futurama, Begley's electric motor is "the most evil propulsion system ever conceived" as stated in "The Honking" (19 minutes in).

Begley and friend Bill Nye are in a competition to see who can have the lowest carbon footprint.

In 2009, Begley appeared in the Earth Day edition of The Price Is Right. He announced the final showcase, which included an electric bicycle, a solar-powered golf cart and a Toyota Prius.

Begley was featured during The Jay Leno Show's Green Car Challenge. Various celebrities drove an electric Ford Focus automobile and tried to set records on an outdoor track. During the second lap, cutouts of Begley and Al Gore would pop out, and if the celebrity had hit either of them, one second was added to his or her time.

Begley is the author of Living Like Ed: A Guide to the Eco-Friendly Life (2008) and Ed Begley Jr.'s Guide to Sustainable Living: Learning to Conserve Resources and Manage an Eco-Conscious Life (2009) both published by Random House. He also wrote A Vegan Survival Guide for the Holidays (2014) with Jerry James Stone.

Affiliations

 * Coalition for Clean Air
 * Environmental Media Association
 * Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy
 * The American Oceans Campaign
 * League of Conservation Voters
 * Environmental Research Foundation
 * Walden Woods Project
 * Thoreau Institute
 * Earth Communications Office
 * Solar Living Institute
 * TreePeople
 * Friends of the Earth
 * Sequoia ForestKeeper
 * Green Wish
 * Orang Utan Republik

From 2007 to 2010, Begley and his wife Rachelle Carson starred in their own reality television series, Living with Ed on HGTV and Discovery's Planet Green channel. In 2013 he, his wife and daughter Hayden filmed "On Begley Street", a Web series chronicling the deconstruction of his current home and the "building of North America's greenest, most sustainable home".

He received the Thomas Alva Edison Award for Energy Independence from the American Jewish Congress, the first one to be presented. Begley has been a leader in this field and was recognized in November 2007 for his lifelong work in environmentalism.

Political
Begley was also on the advisory committee for the group 2004 Racism Watch, founded by fellow actor Ed Asner. The group was formed to respond to the advertisement campaign of the George W. Bush/Dick Cheney presidential campaign that they claimed was encouraging racism. The advertisement in question, "100 Days", made a reference to terrorism and terrorists while highlighting a photograph of an anonymous man of Middle Eastern descent.

William Daniels
When Begley was a child, his future St. Elsewhere series lead, William Daniels, met Begley's father when the two were working on live television. By the time Begley Jr. grew up, he was already a fan of his mentor's work; he would work with Daniels on St. Elsewhere, where the two had on- and off-screen chemistry for six seasons. Daniels, himself, on the show, was a moody Irishman like Ed Sr., though a far more nurturing father figure. This proved so rich that the role grew beyond even the writers' expectations. Begley Jr. said about his future TV chief of surgery, "I was a huge fan of Bill Daniels. I had seen him in Two for the Road. I had seen him in The Graduate, and in Parallax View. He was an actor I just thought the world of. He played these 'Type A' personalities quite effectively, but (in real life) he is the sweetest guy in the world." He also added: "He is an actor I just thought the world of. I had no delusions about how my character came to be. I rode on the coattails of Bill Daniels... the kind of Mutt and Jeff routine of Dr. Craig looking up and berating a 6 foot 4 doctor Victor Ehrlich. So I owe all my success on the show to Bill Daniels." After the series was canceled, the two still remained friends, living not too far away from each other. In 2002, Daniels, Begley Jr., along with the rest of the former surviving St. Elsewhere cast members, the late Stephen Furst and Eric Laneuville all appeared on an episode of Scrubs.

Norman Lloyd
Before St. Elsewhere in the early 1980s, the struggling and unknown Begley met Norman Lloyd, who became a mentor to him while Lloyd was directing an episode of Tales of the Unexpected. The two became friends. In a 2014 interview with Jimmy Falcon of Cloverleaf Radio, he said this about Lloyd: "Not only did I enjoy working with him, but I see him fairly regularly. I just had dinner with him 4 nights ago. We had dinner together at Sarah Nichols's house, his neighbor of mine and friend of his. We had a lovely time and reminisced – he's unbelievable. He's going to be 100 years old this year—and still very active, getting around on his own. He's a force of nature, so Norman Lloyd was somebody I idolized. When I was quite young, wow, James Dean is great and this is one and that. Now look at Janis Joplin, what a great voice and Jim Morrison, those people left us so young, like my point of view has change somewhere, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, saying, 'No, you idolized Jimmy Stewart, Gloria Swanson.' The people that have families and happiness and a long, economy life. You know, Norman Lloyd, he wasn't much older than me, when I did St. Elsewhere, and I went 'These are my role models, now, people had a long/happy life and continued to be creative.' Those are my role models, not the people that left us so early and I'm sorry they did, I don't mean to trifle with that, but, my role models changed from the people who had an incredible, brief spurt of creativity and life, but to people that went the distance, they became my role models at some point in my early 30s really."

On November 9, 2014, along with former St. Elsewhere co-stars, Begley attended Lloyd's 100th birthday in Los Angeles. Begley said, "I worked with Norman Lloyd the actor, and Norman Lloyd the director, and no one informed me better on the art of storytelling than that talented man. He is a constant inspiration and my eternal friend."

title: Ed Begley Jr.


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George Yardley

George Harry Yardley III (November 3, 1928 – August 12, 2004) was an American basketball player. He was the first player in NBA history to score 2,000 points in one season, breaking the 1,932-point record held by George Mikan. Yardley was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1996.

Early life
A two-time All-American at Stanford University, Yardley was a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, and earned the nickname "Yardbird" due to the chores he was required to complete by his fraternity brothers. The nickname was later shortened to "Bird". After his three-year career at Stanford, Yardley played one year of AAU basketball and served in the United States Navy for two years. During his navy stint, Yardley's amateur team won the national A.A.U. championship in 1951, with Yardley being selected the national amateur player-of-the-year. He was drafted by the NBA Fort Wayne Pistons in 1950.

NBA career
At 6'5", Yardley was a good-sized forward in 1950s basketball and was described as "an offensive-minded player with a knack for scoring" in his Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame biography.

Described as a "flamboyant" and "gregarious" player who "never did anything without flair", Yardley had a stellar 7-year career, making the NBA All-Star team every year except for his rookie season. Paired with fellow all-star Larry Foust, Yardley led the Fort Wayne Pistons to two NBA Finals before the team moved to Detroit in 1957. In '57–58, the Pistons' first year in Detroit, Yardley led the league in scoring, averaging 27.8 points per game, and tallied 2001 points, just enough to make him the first NBA player to score 2000 points in a season. That year, Yardley also set NBA records for most free throws attempted (808) and most free throws made (655), and was named to the All-NBA First Team for the only time in his career.

On February 13, 1959, Yardley was traded to the Syracuse Nationals for Ed Conlin. Following a sixth All-Star selection the following season in 1959–1960, in which he averaged 20.2 points per game, he retired from basketball at the age of 31. He was the first player in NBA history to retire after averaging at least 20 PPG in his final year. Although Alex Groza had a 21.7 PPG average in his final NBA season in 1951, his career ended as a result of a lifelong ban, instead of a voluntary retirement like that of Yardley's. He made a brief comeback in the short-lived American Basketball League with the Los Angeles Jets in 1961–62.

Post-basketball career
Making use of his engineering degree from Stanford, Yardley started his own engineering company in California following his retirement from the NBA. In 1996, Yardley was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a player.

In a tribute to Yardley posted after his death, Pete Newell later said "George Yardley embodies what the Hall of Fame is all about. A marvelous athlete who made full use of his natural talents, a demeanor on the court a coach admires, and a life off the court and after his basketball career ended that has been very successful."

Yardley died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, at the age of 75.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: George Yardley


text:
List of districts of Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh, the most populous state in India, has 75 districts. These districts, most of which have populations above 12 lakhs, are grouped into 18 divisions for administrative convenience.

Demand for new Districts
Uttar Pradesh Cabinet Minister and MLA from Aonla, Dharampal Singh demanded new Aonla District to be carved out of Bareilly District.

title: List of districts of Uttar Pradesh


text:
Paolo Bettini

Paolo Bettini (born 1 April 1974 in Cecina, Livorno, Tuscany) is an Italian former champion road racing cyclist, and the former coach of the Italian national cycling team. Considered the best classics specialist of his generation, and probably one of the strongest of all times, he won gold medals in the 2004 Athens Olympics road race and in the 2006 and 2007 World Road Race Championships. He is nicknamed Il Grillo ("the cricket") for his repeated sudden attacks and his sprinting style.

He gained prominence by winning Liège–Bastogne–Liège in 2000 and 2002. He set the record for World Cup wins in a season in 2003, winning the Milan–San Remo, HEW Cyclassics and Clásica de San Sebastián. He won the Giro di Lombardia in 2005 and 2006, the Züri-Metzgete in 2001 and 2005 and Tirreno–Adriatico in 2004.

Early career
Paolo Bettini lived with his family on the Tuscany coast. He began racing when he was seven and won 23 of his first 24 races. His first bike had a secondhand frame which his father, Giuliano, had painted orange. The components were cannibalised from other bikes. He started racing after the encouragement of his brother.

He came fourth in the world under-23 road championship in 1996, behind three other Italians, Giuliano Fugeras, Roberti Sgambelluri and Luca Sironi. He turned professional the following year for the MG-Technogym team. There he rode as domestique to Michele Bartoli, "a working class cyclist", wrote Stephen Farrand, "destined to work for others to earn his crust." He worked for Bartoli, who in return helped with advice. Bartoli won the World Cup in 1997 and 1998 with Bettini's help. Bartoli fell heavily on a knee in 1999 and Bettini was freed to race for himself. He won Liège–Bastogne–Liège in 2000 – treating himself to a €100,000 Porsche – and a flat stage of that year's Tour de France, from Agen to Dax. He won the 2001 Züri-Metzgete after a few months without wins, beating Jan Ullrich in the sprint to the finish. His success led to a feud with Bartoli. It culminated in the 2001 world championship in Lisbon, Portugal, where Bartoli refused to lead Bettini to a flying start in the sprint finish and the Spaniard, Óscar Freire, won instead.

2002 World Cup and race season
The 2002 season was a breakthrough. In the World Cup, Bettini was caught in the final kilometers of Milan–San Remo. After his 1–2 win with Stefano Garzelli in Liège–Bastogne–Liège, Bettini ran neck-to-neck against Museeuw, who won Paris–Roubaix in a 50 km solo breakaway, and the HEW Cyclassics. A tactical ride in Giro di Lombardia earned Bettini the World Cup.

Bettini played strong support in Mario Cipollini's victory in the UCI Road Cycling World Championship in Zolder, Belgium.

2003 World Cup and race season
The 2003 World Cup series started with Milan–San Remo. Attacking twice in the last hills leading down to the Primavera, Bettini had the help of Luca Paolini, who attacked down the tricky descent towards the finish.

However, injury in the Gent–Wevelgem forced Bettini to miss several races until the Tour de France in July. He then followed with a win in the HEW Cyclassics in front of Tour runner-up Jan Ullrich, and a win in the Clásica de San Sebastián.

Bettini failed to win the UCI Road Cycling World Championship despite being favorite due to a mistake at the end of the race. Having established himself in the winning breakaway, hesitation allowed the Spaniard Igor Astarloa to break away to win. Astarloa claimed that Bettini had offered him money to relinquish the win, which Astarloa said he refused. A feud ensued, and Astarloa attributed his comment to a misunderstanding of Bettini's Italian.

2004 World Cup and race season
The 2004 season started well with Milan–San Remo, but Davide Rebellin won the La Flèche Wallonne (not in the World Cup), Liège–Bastogne–Liège and Amstel Gold Race. Bettini's disappointments continued with second places in the HEW Cyclassics, which he had won previously, and in the Clásica de San Sebastián, which he had won the previous year. The points gained in Paris–Tours put him in the leader's jersey, but with the last race the Giro di Lombardia better suited to Rebellin, the World Cup was not yet safe. Bettini followed Rebellin throughout the race, resulting in Rebellin's quitting in frustration.

Bettini's most important victory was the 2004 Summer Olympics, where he broke away with Portuguese Sérgio Paulinho for a comfortable victory decided on a last moment sprint with both. He again failed to win the world championship due to an injury when he banged his knee against the team car at the beginning of the race.

2005 UCI ProTour and race season
After Milan–San Remo, Bettini had an injury-marked start which prevented significant participation in the spring classics, and he had no victories until he got two stage wins at the 2005 Giro d'Italia, where he wore the pink jersey as leader of the general classification for several days. After that, no more good results until the 2005 Vuelta a España, where he beat Alessandro Petacchi in an uphill sprint in Valladolid. After that, he took part in the world championship in Madrid, where he got into the decisive break but did not get a medal. A week later, he won Züri-Metzgete for a second time. Two weeks later he won the Giro di Lombardia as well.

2006 UCI ProTour and race season
Bettini won the first race of the season, the Trofeo Soller, which is part of the Challenge Mallorca. He also won the Gran Premio di Lugano, two stages in the Tirreno–Adriatico and the 15th stage in the Giro d'Italia, where he won the points classification. Following the Giro he became the Italian road champion and won a stage at the Vuelta a España before winning the world championship.

His brother Sauro died in a car accident a few days after that victory and Bettini was close to abandoning cycling. He changed his mind and won the Giro di Lombardia in tears.

On 2 March 2007, the French magazine Velo awarded Bettini its Vélo d'Or as best rider of 2006.

2007 UCI ProTour and race season
Bettini raced in the second annual 2.HC-rated 2007 Tour of California and made it worth his while by capturing Stage 4 in a sprint finish. He later won the third stage of the Vuelta a España and finished second in three more stages. Then he won once again the rainbow jersey of the Elite Men's Road at Stuttgart.

2008 season
Bettini's start was plagued by injuries, including a fall at the Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne and a rib broken when he fell on a wet descent in the Tour of the Basque Country. He won the Trofeo Matteotti and stages at the Tour of Austria and Tour de Wallonie. He also won two stages at the Vuelta a España, where he said he was leaving Quick Step after 10 years due to a financial dispute. On September 27 he announced his retirement. On 4 November, he fell during the Milan six-day and was taken to hospital unconscious.

Coaching career
On 17 June 2010, Bettini was named as the new Italian national coach, following the death of Franco Ballerini in a car accident earlier that year. He left this role in 2014 to work with Fernando Alonso on his new cycling team in preparation for its launch in 2015.

Track racing
Bettini followed the path of riders before the 1970s and took up six-day racing in the winter. He rode at Munich and Grenoble in 2006. "I didn't do it for the money", he said. "I had that already. I did it through my love of racing, to see what it's like to race on a track." The bankings proved trickier than the road, however, and his debut was described as "catastrophic" as he failed to get alongside his partner in the two-man relay race, the madison, and finished the first night "with fear in his face." Charly Mottet said:

 * I saw him at the start of the evening and he worried me. Two hours later, I can tell you, he had won the respect of the others. He was making proper changes, he was taking part in the race and he was going better and better. The others couldn't believe their eyes [commencaient à ne plus voir le jour].

Personal life
Bettini married Monica Orlandini, a literature teacher, in 2000. They moved into a farmhouse belonging to his wife's family, who have been olive farmers for four generations. They live in Riparbella, 10 km from Cecina, where Bettini was born.

Major results

 * 1996
 * 1st Stage 8 Giro Ciclistico d'Italia
 * 3rd Road race, National Under-23 Road Championships
 * 4th Road race, UCI Road World Under-23 Championships
 * 9th Overall Grand Prix Guillaume Tell

 * 1997 (1 pro win)
 * 1st Stage 2 (TTT) Hofbrau Cup
 * 8th Overall Tour de Langkawi

 * 1998 (1)
 * 1st Stage 4a Tour de Romandie
 * 3rd Trofeo Laigueglia
 * 3rd Gran Premio Bruno Beghelli
 * 7th Overall Giro d'Italia
 * 7th Overall Danmark Rundt
 * 1st Jersey polkadot.svg Mountains classification
 * 7th Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabria
 * 8th Overall Tour Méditerranéen
 * 8th Züri-Metzgete
 * 8th Coppa Sabatini

 * 1999 (5)
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Giro della Provincia di Lucca
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 1st Stage 4 Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 2nd Milano–Torino
 * 3rd Overall Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali
 * 1st Stage 2
 * 4th Züri-Metzgete
 * 5th Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 6th Overall Tour of Galicia
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 7th GP Ouest–France
 * 7th Giro dell'Appennino
 * 9th Giro di Lombardia
 * 9th Grand Prix of Aargau Canton

 * 2000 (6)
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Memorial Cecchi Gori
 * 1st Stages 2 & 4
 * 1st Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 1st Trofeo Manacor
 * 1st Stage 9 Tour de France
 * 2nd Giro della Romagna
 * 4th Clásica de San Sebastián
 * 4th Paris–Tours
 * 5th Coppa Placci
 * 7th Grand Prix de Fourmies
 * 7th Giro della Provincia di Siracusa
 * 9th Road race, Olympic Games
 * 9th Road race, UCI Road World Championships
 * 10th Giro di Lombardia
 * 10th Trofeo Pantalica
 * 10th GP Industria & Artigianato di Larciano

 * 2001 (5)
 * 1st Züri-Metzgete
 * 1st Coppa Placci
 * 2nd Overall Tour de Langkawi
 * 1st Jersey green.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stages 3 & 11
 * 2nd Silver medal uci.svg Road race, UCI Road World Championships
 * 3rd Coppa Sabatini
 * 4th Overall Giro della Provincia di Lucca
 * 1st Stage 4
 * 5th Milan–San Remo
 * 5th Tre Valli Varesine
 * 5th Giro del Lazio
 * 6th HEW Cyclassics
 * 9th Firenze–Pistoia

 * 2002 (10)
 * 1st Mens World Cup leaders jersey.png Overall UCI Road World Cup
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Tour de Wallonie
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Giro Riviera Ligure Pomente
 * 1st Stage 3 & 4
 * 1st Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 1st Coppa Sabatini
 * 1st Giro del Lazio
 * 1st Stage 1 Tour Méditerranéen
 * 1st Stage 3 Giro della Provincia di Lucca
 * 2nd Züri-Metzgete
 * 2nd Giro di Toscana
 * 4th Overall Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 1st Stage 2
 * 4th E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
 * 4th HEW Cyclassics
 * 5th Omloop Het Volk
 * 6th Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato
 * 7th Clásica de San Sebastián
 * 7th Firenze–Pistoia
 * 8th Amstel Gold Race
 * 8th Trofeo Laigueglia
 * 10th Coppa Placci

 * 2003 (5)
 * 1st Mens World Cup leaders jersey.png Overall UCI Road World Cup
 * 1st Jersey italianflag.svg Road race, National Road Championships
 * 1st Jersey yellow.svg Overall Tour Méditerranéen
 * 1st Jersey green.svg Points classification
 * 1st Milan–San Remo
 * 1st Clásica de San Sebastián
 * 1st HEW Cyclassics
 * 2nd Grand Prix of Aargau Canton
 * 3rd Omloop Het Volk
 * 3rd Züri-Metzgete
 * 4th Road race, UCI Road World Championships
 * 4th Trofeo Laigueglia
 * 4th Gran Premio della Costa Etruschi
 * 4th Trofeo Alcúdia
 * 5th Overall Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 1st Jersey red.svg Points classification
 * 5th Tour du Haut Var
 * 5th Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
 * 5th Trofeo Manacor
 * 8th Giro dell'Emilia

 * 2004 (8)
 * 1st Mens World Cup leaders jersey.png Overall UCI Road World Cup
 * 1st Gold medal olympic.svg Road race, Olympic Games
 * 1st Jersey yellowred.svg Overall Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 1st Stage 4 & 6
 * 1st Gran Premio Città di Camaiore
 * 1st Stage 8 Tour de Suisse
 * 2nd Clásica de San Sebastián
 * 2nd HEW Cyclassics
 * 2nd Kuurne–Brussels–Kuurne
 * 2nd Züri-Metzgete
 * 3rd Amstel Gold Race
 * 5th Paris–Brussels
 * 5th Trofeo Palma de Mallorca
 * 6th Overall Tour Méditerranéen
 * 1st Stage 2
 * 6th Paris–Tours
 * 8th Milan–San Remo
 * 8th Ronde van Midden-Zeeland
 * 9th Overall Circuit Franco-Belge
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 9th Tour of Flanders

 * 2005 (4)
 * 1st Giro di Lombardia
 * 1st Züri–Metzgete
 * Giro d'Italia
 * 1st Jersey violet.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stage 1
 * 1st Stage 16 Vuelta a España
 * 2nd Gran Premio Bruno Beghelli
 * 4th Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 7th Trofeo Palma de Mallorca

 * 2006 (9)
 * 1st Jersey rainbow.svg Road race, UCI Road World Championships
 * 1st Jersey italianflag.svg Road race, National Road Championships
 * 1st Giro di Lombardia
 * 1st Gran Premio di Lugano
 * 1st Trofeo Sóller
 * Giro d'Italia
 * 1st Jersey violet.svg Points classification
 * 1st Stage 15
 * 1st Stage 2 Vuelta a España
 * Tirreno–Adriatico
 * 1st Stage 1 & 2
 * 2nd Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 3rd Trofeo Pollença
 * 3rd Trofeo Cala Millor
 * 7th Tour of Flanders
 * 8th Amstel Gold Race
 * 9th Trofeo Laigueglia
 * 9th Trofeo Palma de Mallorca

 * 2007 (3)
 * 1st Jersey rainbow.svg Road race, UCI Road World Championships
 * 1st Stage 3 Vuelta a España
 * 1st Stage 4 Tour of California
 * 4th Liège–Bastogne–Liège
 * 6th Amstel Gold Race
 * 7th Vattenfall Cyclassics
 * 7th Firenze–Pistoia

 * 2008 (5)
 * 1st Trofeo Matteotti
 * Vuelta a España
 * 1st Stage 6 & 12
 * 1st Stage 1 Tour of Austria
 * 3rd Overall Tour de Wallonie
 * 1st Stage 2
 * 4th Clásica de San Sebastián
 * 9th Liège–Bastogne–Liège

title: Paolo Bettini


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May Pang

May Fung Yee Pang (born October 24, 1950) is an American former music executive. She worked for John Lennon and Yoko Ono as a personal assistant and production coordinator. When Lennon and Ono separated in 1973, Pang and Lennon began a relationship that lasted more than 18 months. Lennon later referred to this time as his "Lost Weekend". Pang published two books about her relationship with Lennon; a memoir, Loving John (Warner, 1983), and a book of photographs, Instamatic Karma (St. Martin's Press, 2008). A documentary about their relationship, The Lost Weekend: A Love Story, was produced in 2022.

Pang was married to producer Tony Visconti from 1989 to 2000 and has two children.

Early years and education
Pang was born in Manhattan. She is the daughter of Chinese immigrants and grew up in the Spanish Harlem section of New York City with an elder sister and an adopted brother, both of whom were born in China. Pang's mother owned and operated a laundry business in the area. The Pang family left Spanish Harlem when the tenements where they lived were scheduled to be razed, moving to an apartment near 97th Street and 3rd Avenue in Manhattan.

After graduating from Saint Michael Academy, Pang attended New York City Community College. She aspired to be a model, but modeling agencies reportedly told her she was too "ethnic". Pang's early jobs included being a song-plugger, which meant encouraging artists to record songs written by songwriters. In 1970, she began work in New York as a receptionist at ABKCO Records, Allen Klein's management office, which at that time represented Apple Records and three former Beatles: Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr.

Pang was asked to help Lennon and Ono with their avant-garde film projects, Up Your Legs Forever and Fly, in December 1970. Pang then became Lennon and Ono's secretary, factotum and gofer in New York City and Britain. This led to a permanent position as their personal assistant when the Lennons moved from London to Manhattan in 1971. Pang coordinated an art exhibition in Syracuse, New York, on October 9, 1971, for Ono's This Is Not Here art show at the Everson Museum. Ono's show coincided with Lennon's 31st birthday, and a party was held at the Hotel Syracuse, which was attended by Ringo Starr, Phil Spector, and Elliot Mintz.

"Lost Weekend"
In mid-1973, Pang was working on the recording of Lennon's Mind Games album. Lennon and Ono were having marital problems, and Ono suggested to Pang that she become Lennon's companion. Ono explained that she and Lennon were not getting along, they had been arguing and were growing apart, and that Lennon would start seeing other women. She pointed out that Lennon had said he found Pang sexually attractive. Pang replied that she could never start a relationship with Lennon as he was her employer and married. Ono ignored Pang's protests and said that she would arrange everything. Ono later confirmed this conversation in an interview.

At the time Lennon had his 18-month relationship with Pang, he was in a period of his life that he later referred to as his "Lost Weekend", in reference to the film and novel of the same title.

In October 1973, Lennon and Pang left New York for Los Angeles to promote Mind Games, and decided to stay for a while, living at lawyer Harold Seider's apartment for a couple of days and then Lou Adler's house. While there, Lennon was inspired to embark on two recording projects: to make an album of the old rock 'n' roll songs that inspired him to become a musician, and to produce another artist. In December 1973, Lennon collaborated with Phil Spector to record the oldies album Rock 'n' Roll. Lennon's drinking and Spector's erratic behavior (which included his firing a gun in the studio control room) caused the sessions to break down. Then Spector, who claimed to have been in a car accident, took the session tapes and became unreachable.

In March 1974, Lennon began producing Harry Nilsson's Pussy Cats album, thus named to counter the "bad boy" image the pair had earned in the media with two drinking incidents at the Troubadour. The first was when Lennon placed a Kotex on his forehead and scuffled with a waitress at a concert given by Ann Peebles, who had released "I Can't Stand the Rain", one of Lennon's current favorite records; and the second, two weeks later when Lennon and Nilsson were ejected from the same club after heckling the Smothers Brothers. Lennon thought it would be a good idea for the musicians to live under one roof to ensure they would get to the studio on time, so Pang rented a beach house in Santa Monica for her, Lennon, Nilsson, Ringo Starr and Keith Moon to live. At this time, Pang encouraged Lennon to reach out to family and friends. He and Paul McCartney mended fences and played together for the first and only time after the breakup of the Beatles (see A Toot and a Snore in '74). Pang also arranged for Julian Lennon to visit his father for the first time in over two years.

Julian began to see his father more regularly. Lennon bought Julian a Gibson Les Paul copy guitar and a drum machine for Christmas in 1973, and encouraged Julian's interest in music by showing him some chords. "Dad and I got on a great deal better then," recalls Julian. "We had a lot of fun, laughed a lot and had a great time in general when he was with May Pang. My memories of that time with Dad and May are very clear—they were the happiest time I can remember with them." The cover of Julian's seventh album, Jude, features a childhood photo of him taken by Pang.

In June 1974, Lennon and Pang returned to live in Manhattan. Lennon stopped drinking and concentrated on recording. Lennon previously had cats while he lived at his Aunt Mimi's house in Liverpool; he and Pang adopted two cats that they named Major and Minor. In the early summer, Lennon was working on his Walls and Bridges album when the couple moved into a penthouse apartment at 434 East 52nd Street. On August 23, Lennon and Pang claimed to have seen a UFO from their terrace, which had a panoramic view of Queens. To gain access to the deck, Lennon and Pang had to climb out of their kitchen window. On the night in question, a naked Lennon excitedly called Pang to join him on the deck outside and they both watched a circular object silently floating less than 100 feet away. Lennon called Bob Gruen—Lennon's "official" photographer—and told him what had happened. Gruen suggested Lennon should call the police, but Lennon laughed it off, saying, "I’m not going to call up the newspaper and say 'This is John Lennon and I saw a flying saucer last night.'" Gruen called the local police precinct which confirmed that three other people had reported a sighting, and the Daily News wrote that five people had reported a sighting in the same area of New York where Lennon and Pang lived. Lennon refers to the incident in the song "Nobody Told Me".

Walls and Bridges rose to the top spot on the album charts. Lennon achieved his only number-one solo US single in his lifetime with "Whatever Gets You thru the Night". Pang's is the voice whispering Lennon's name on "#9 Dream". "Surprise, Surprise (Sweet Bird of Paradox)" was written about her. Julian played drums on the album's last track, "Ya Ya". While recording Walls and Bridges, Al Coury, vice president of promotion for Capitol Records, got possession of the chaotic Spector session tapes and brought them to New York. Lennon completed his oldies album, which was titled Rock 'n' Roll, with the same musicians he used on Walls and Bridges. Pang received an RIAA gold record award for her work on Walls and Bridges and continued her work as production coordinator of Lennon's Rock 'n' Roll album, where she was credited as "Mother Superior". Pang also worked on albums by Nilsson, Starr, Elton John and David Bowie.

While visiting Mick Jagger at Andy Warhol's compound in Montauk, New York, Lennon and Pang saw a Scottish-style cottage for sale close to the Montauk Point Lighthouse. Lennon asked a real estate broker to put in an offer for it in February 1975. In the same month, Lennon and Pang were also planning on visiting Paul and Linda McCartney in New Orleans, where Wings were recording the Venus and Mars album, but Lennon reconciled with Ono the day before the planned visit, after Ono said she had a new cure for Lennon's smoking habit. After the meeting, he failed to return home or call Pang. When Pang telephoned the next day, Ono told her that Lennon was unavailable because he was exhausted after a hypnotherapy session. Two days later, Lennon reappeared at a joint dental appointment; he was stupefied and confused to such an extent that Pang believed he had been brainwashed. Lennon told Pang he had reconciled with Ono and their relationship was over. Over the coming years, Pang quietly met Lennon a few times but their relationship was never rekindled.

Lennon lamented this period publicly but not in private. Journalist Larry Kane, who befriended Lennon in 1964, wrote a comprehensive biography of Lennon which detailed the "Lost Weekend" period. In the interview with Kane, Lennon explained his feelings about his time with Pang; "You know Larry, I may have been the happiest I've ever been... I loved this woman (Pang), I made some beautiful music and I got so fucked up with booze and shit and whatever."

Pang's books about Lennon
After Lennon returned to Ono, Pang started working for United Artists Records and Island Records as a public relations manager, working on albums by Bob Marley and Robert Palmer.

Pang published her memoir Loving John in 1983. It was updated and renamed John Lennon: The Lost Weekend. The original 500-page Loving John book focused mainly on Pang's role on Lennon's albums and sessions. It was edited down to 300 pages, concentrating mostly on the sensational aspects of their relationship. It also included postcards that Lennon had written to Pang during his travels throughout the world in the late 1970s. Pang claims that she and Lennon remained lovers until 1977, and stayed in contact until his death.

Pang's book of photographs Instamatic Karma was published in 2008. Besides the candid personal portraits, the book contains some historically important photographs, such as Lennon signing the official dissolution of the Beatles' partnership, and one of the last known photographs of Lennon and Paul McCartney together. Cynthia Lennon also provided a back cover endorsement, acknowledging Pang's role in reuniting Lennon with his estranged first son, Julian.

The Lost Weekend documentary
The Tribeca Film Festival announced the 2022 premiere of The Lost Weekend: A Love Story, a 97-minute documentary about Pang's life and relationship with Lennon, on June 10 via virtual home viewing. The film was produced and directed by Eve Brandstein, Richard Kaufman and Stuart Samuels. The Lost Weekend appeared in theaters internationally for a limited run April 13th and 14th 2023 and became available via streaming and on BluRay in October 2023.

Photography
Coinciding with the release of the 2022 documentary, Pang published a collection of her photographs of Lennon which were made available for sale in an touring exhibition called The Lost Weekend: The Photography of May Pang.

Jewelry
Pang started her own jewelry business. She designs stainless-steel feng shui jewelry.

Subsequent personal life
Pang married record producer Tony Visconti in 1989; the couple divorced in 2000. They had two children. Pang remains in touch with some of the people from her time with Lennon, and Paul McCartney invited her to Linda McCartney's memorial service. She was an invited guest at The Concert for George in 2002 and remained close to Cynthia Lennon and Lennon's first son, Julian.

Although having had no contact for 30 years, on October 9, 2006, Pang accidentally met Ono in Iceland, on what would have been Lennon's 66th birthday. Ono was in Iceland to unveil a sculpture in Reykjavík and was staying in the same hotel.

Pang still resides in New York City. She volunteers with an animal shelter called Animal Haven in New York and owned a dog that was rescued after Hurricane Katrina. She also co-hosts an Internet talk radio show, Dinner Specials with Cynthia and May Pang, at blogtalkradio.com, with on-air partner Cynthia Neilson.

title: May Pang


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Wings (1977 TV series)

Wings is a drama series about the Royal Flying Corps that ran on BBC television from 1977 to 1978. It stars Tim Woodward as Alan Farmer, a young blacksmith turned fighter pilot in the First World War. Nicholas Jones played his teacher and mentor, Captain Triggers and Michael Cochrane played his upper-class friend, Charles Gaylion, who began a relationship with Farmer's girlfriend while Farmer was believed dead, shot down over France.

The series reveals that the British pilots are struggling with aeroplanes which are unreliable and inferior to the German machines and with an Establishment that classes voicing an opinion to that effect as being tantamount to cowardice. The airmen must also face the resentment of British soldiers who see them having an "easy" life. The rigidity of the British class structure is highlighted when Farmer becomes an officer in the second series – he faces resentment from some officers because of his class and NCOs because of his new rank. The series takes great care with historical accuracy, covering the early days of the parachute, the fitting of weaponry to British biplanes (lacking the Germans' interruptor gear, they had to be fired at an angle rather than between the propeller blades) and the horrors of trench warfare. Wings depicts a Britain that is, in some areas, struggling to adapt in the face of change, at a period that was a turning point for many people's way of life.

The series was created by Barry Thomas. Twenty-five episodes were made in all.

Effects
The book BBC VFX (Mat Irvine and Mike Tucker) states that few First World War aircraft were still airworthy at the time of production so the majority of flying shots were achieved with 1/6 scale radio-controlled models under the guidance of long-time model aircraft expert David Boddington alongside Derek Piggott and Tony Bianchi. Piggott served as a stunt pilot during the filming of the 1966 movie The Blue Max.

Cast

 * Nicholas Jones as Captain Owen Triggers
 * Tim Woodward as 2nd Lieutenant Alan Farmer
 * Michael Cochrane as 2nd Lieutenant Charles Gaylion
 * David Troughton as Lieutenant Richard Bravington
 * Sarah Porter as Lorna Collins
 * Roger Elliott as Sergeant Mills
 * Anne Kristen as Molly Farmer
 * John Hallam as Harry Farmer
 * Reg Lye as Tom
 * Michael Jayes as 2nd Lieutenant Michael Starling
 * Graham Wyles as Roger Pearson
 * Celia Bannerman as Kate Gaylion (series 1)
 * Julia Carey as Kate Gaylion (series 2)

Actors who played small parts in the series and later became well known in bigger roles included Anthony Andrews, Simon Cadell, Jane Lapotaire and Tim Pigott-Smith.

Episodes
Series 1 consisted of 12 episodes. Series 2 consisted of 13 episodes.

Broadcast
The first series was screened on BBC1 on Sundays from 2 January 1977 to 20 March 1977. The second series was shown on BBC1 on Thursdays from 5 January 1978 to 30 March 1978.

title: Wings (1977 TV series)


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Catterick

Catterick may refer to:

Places

 * Catterick, North Yorkshire, England, a village
 * Catterick Bridge, a hamlet and bridge in North Yorkshire
 * Catterick Bridge railway station, formerly in Brompton-on-Swale, North Yorkshire
 * Catterick Garrison, British Army garrison near Catterick village in North Yorkshire
 * RAF Catterick, former Royal Air Force base in North Yorkshire
 * Catterick, Western Australia, a locality in Western Australia

People

 * Harry Catterick (1919–1985), English football player and manager
 * John Catterick (died 1419), English bishop

Other

 * Catterick, comedy show

title: Catterick


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Gold Digger

Gold Digger, Gold Diggers or The Gold Diggers may refer to:

Gold digger, someone who engages in romantic relationships for money rather than love

Film and television

 * Golddigger (film), a 1914 Hungarian film
 * The Gold Diggers (1923 film), a Warner Bros. silent film
 * Gold Diggers of 1933, a Warner Bros. musical
 * Gold Diggers of 1935
 * Gold Diggers of 1937
 * Gold Diggers in Paris
 * The Gold Diggers (1983 film), a film by Sally Potter
 * Gold Diggers: The Secret of Bear Mountain, a 1995 film
 * National Lampoon's Gold Diggers, a 2003 film
 * Gold Digger (TV series), an 2019 British drama miniseries

 * Gold Diggers (TV series), an 2019 Russian drama series

Literature

 * The Gold Diggers (Aleichem play), a 1908 Yiddish theatre play
 * The Gold Diggers (1919 play), a play by Avery Hopwood
 * Gold Digger (comics), a comic book series by Fred Perry
 * The Gold Diggers, a 1954 book of poetry by Robert Creeley
 * Gold Diggers, a 2021 novel by Sanjena Sathian

Music

 * The Golddiggers, an all-girl singing and dancing troupe that appeared on The Dean Martin Show
 * "Gold Digger" (EPMD song) (1990)
 * "Gold Digger" (Dolly Rockers song) (2009)
 * "Gold Digger" (Kanye West song) (2005)
 * "Golddiggers", a 2004 song by Günther from Pleasureman
 * "Gold Digger", a 2004 song by Ludacris from the film Shark Tale
 * "Golddigger", a 2005 song by Armin van Buuren from Shivers

Other uses

 * Gold Digger (horse) (1962–1990), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
 * Søllerød Gold Diggers, an American football team from Rudersdal, Denmark

title: Gold Digger


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Talk:SUMO class

Eliminate links proposal
Considering not even a fraction of the topics on this list are encyclopedic, and many of the linked articles are irrelevent to the category referred to in the SUMO class, I think the links should be completely removed. Is there any objection to this? Derrick Coetzee 22:07, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * disagree. the fraction is about 1/3; and if the concept doesn't link to an encyclopedic article, it should link to a dictionary definition, or to a category. if you unlink this stuff, next someone will list it on VfD as being just a list of words. Waveguy 01:31, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Frankly, this is pretty much just a list of words — the article needs a lot more real content to explain what they are, how they're used, and how they were chosen. In my opinion an irrelevent link is considerably worse than no link at all, because it's misleading (takes users to an article on an unrelated topic). Cross-linking them all to Wiktionary isn't a bad idea, though. I don't object to people linking some of these words in a relevent way, but I think the opposite approach of linking them all and then removing some that are bad will still leave some bad links in. Derrick Coetzee 02:09, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Perhaps this list really belongs at Wiktionary. - dcljr 04:45, 22 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Funny, does that means Encyclopedia does not corespont to Ontology :-)? --AndriuZ 21:38, 2005 Jun 18 (UTC)

Many of the links point to disambiguation pages, or (worse) to pages that redirect to disambiguation pages. This is not helpful to readers, which is rather unencyclopedic. Linking is supposed to be informative; I'd suggest removing any link that doesn't take the reader to information that's relevant to what is being said. Veg0matic 05:51, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Merge with SUMO page
This article should be appended to the end of Suggested_Upper_Merged_Ontology because the class enumerations do not mean much by themselves, but they are useful in describing the SUMO.

Cleanup taskforce log
Added to User:NicholasTurnbull/Desk (computers). -- Beland 23:08, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

Merged
I merged this article. (I did by a pretty brute force means: I copied all but the first paragraph of text. The external links were already there.  I copied the ontology category as well.  I then marked the merged article for cleanup since it needs to be better integrated.  I'll be working on that but I'll leave the cleanup tag until it is done). RJFJR 00:20, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:SUMO class


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Taipei Metro

Taipei Metro (also known as Taipei Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and branded as Metro Taipei) is a rapid transit system operated by the Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation serving the capital Taipei and New Taipei City in Taiwan.

It was the first rapid transit system to be built on the island. The initial network was approved for construction in 1986 and work began two years later. It began operations on March 28, 1996, and by 2000, 62 stations were in service across three main lines.

Over the next nine years, the number of passengers had increased by 70%. Since 2008, the network has expanded to 131 stations and the passenger count has grown by another 96%. The system has been praised by locals for its effectiveness in relieving growing traffic congestion in Taipei and its surrounding satellite towns, with over eight million trips made daily.

Proposal and construction
The idea of constructing a rapid transit system on the island was first put forth at a press conference on 28 June 1968, where the Minister of Transportation and Communications Sun Yun-suan announced his ministry's plans to begin researching the possibility of constructing such a network in the Taipei metropolitan area; however, the plan was shelved due to financial concerns and the belief that such a system was not urgently needed at the time. With the increase of traffic congestion accompanying economic growth in the 1970s, the need for a rapid transit system became more pressing. In February 1977, the Institute of Transportation (IOT) of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications (MOTC) released a preliminary rapid transport system report, with the designs of five lines, including U1, U2, U3, S1, and S2, to form a rough sketch of the planned corridors, resulting in the first rapid transit system plan for Taipei.

In 1981, the IOT invited British Mass Transit Consultants (BMTC) and China Engineering Consultants, Inc. to form a team and provide in-depth research on the preliminary report. In 1982, the Taipei City Government commissioned National Chiao Tung University to do a research and feasibility study on medium-capacity rapid transit systems. In January 1984, the university proposed an initial design for a medium-capacity rapid transit system in Taipei City, including plans for Wenhu line and Tamsui–Xinyi line of the medium-capacity metro system. On March 1, 1985, the Executive Yuan Council for Economic Planning and Development (CEPD) signed a treaty with the Taipei Transit Council (TTC), composed of three American consultant firms, to do overall research on a rapid transit system in metropolitan Taipei. Apart from adjustments made to the initial proposal, Wenhu line of the medium-capacity metro system was also included into the network. In 1986, the initial network design of the Taipei Metro by the CEPD was passed by the Executive Yuan, although the network corridors were not yet set. A budget of NT$441.7 billion was allocated for the project.

On 27 June 1986, the Preparatory Office of Rapid Transit Systems was created, which on 23 February 1987 was formally established as the Department of Rapid Transit Systems (DORTS) for the task of handling, planning, design, and construction of the system. Apart from preparing for the construction of the metro system, DORTS also made small changes to the metro corridor. The 6 lines proposed on the initial network were: Tamsui line and Xindian line (Lines U1 and U2), Zhonghe Line (Line U3), Nangang Line and Banqiao Line (Line S1), and Muzha (now Wenhu) line (Wenhu line medium-capacity), totaling 79 stations and 76.8 km route length, including 34.4 km of elevated rail, 9.5 km at ground level, and 44.2 km underground. The Neihu Line corridor was approved later in 1990. On 27 June 1994, the Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation (TRTC) was formed to oversee the operation of the Taipei Metro system.

The Executive Yuan approved the initial network plan for the system on 27 May 1986. Ground was broken and construction began on 15 December 1988. The growing traffic problems of the time, compounded by road closures due to TRTS construction led to what became popularly known as the "dark age of Taipei traffic". The TRTS was the center of political controversy during its construction and shortly after the opening of its first line in 1996 due to incidents such as computer malfunction during a thunderstorm, alleged structural problems in some elevated segments, budget overruns, and fare prices.

Opening and Initial network
The system opened on 28 March 1996, with the 10.5 km elevated, a driverless, medium-capacity line with twelve stations running from to. The first high-capacity line, the, began service on 28 March 1997, running from to , then extended to  at the end of the year. On 23 December 1998, the system passed the milestone of 100 million passengers.

1999–2006 Expansions
On 24 December 1999, a section of the was opened between  and. This section became the first east–west line running through the city, connecting the two previously completed north–south lines. On 31 May 2006, the second stage of the Banqiao–Nangang section and the Tucheng section began operation. The service was then named Bannan after the districts that it connects ( Ban qiao and Nan gang).

Maokong Gondola
On 4 July 2007, the Maokong Gondola, a new aerial lift/cable-car system, was opened to the public. The system connects the, , and Maokong. Service was suspended on 1 October 2008 due to erosion from mudslides under a support pillar following Typhoon Jangmi. The gondola officially resumed service as of 31 March 2010, after relocation of the pillar and passing safety inspections.

2009–2014 expansions
On 4 July 2009, with the opening of the Neihu segment of, the last of the six core segments was completed. Due to debate on whether to construct a medium-capacity or high-capacity line, construction of the line did not begin until 2002.

was extended from to  and  in 2012. The Xinyi section of and Songshan section of  were opened on 24 November 2013 and 15 November 2014 respectively.

Prior to 2014, only physical lines had official names; services did not. In 2008, the and Xiaonanmen services were referred to by termini  while Bannan and Wenhu services were referred to by the physical lines on which they operated.

Following the completion of the core sections of the system in 2014, the naming scheme for services was set and 'lines' started to referred to services. Between 2014 and 2016, lines were given alternative number names based on the order of the dates the lines first opened. Brown, Red, Green, Orange and Blue lines were named lines 1 to 5 respectively. The planned Circular, Wanda–Shulin and Minsheng–Xizhi lines were to be lines 6 to 8 respectively. In 2016, the number names were replaced by colour names. Today, on-board announcements in Chinese use full official names, whereas in English, colour names are used instead.

Circular line
On 31 January 2020, the Circular line opened. Stage I construction consists of 14 stations running from on  to  on  and is about 15.4 km long. Electromechanical equipment for the line is supplied by Hitachi Rail STS, including driverless technology and CBTC Radio signalling. In February 2020, free rides were offered to passengers in order to raise awareness and test the route's popularity.

On 5 May 2023, the Circular line has been transferred from the Taipei Metro to the New Taipei Metro.

In June 2023, due to an increasing number of South Korean tourists, the metro announced the addition of Korean announcements at stations where there are high amounts of tourists.

On 3 April 2024, following a magnitude 7 earthquake hitting the island, all active MRT trains were suspended for safety checks to be conducted. All Taipei Metro routes have resumed operations on the same day.

Lines
The system is designed based on the spoke-hub distribution paradigm, with most rail lines running radially outward from central Taipei. The MRT system operates daily from 06:00 to 00:00 the following day (the last trains finish their runs by 01:00), with extended services during special events (such as New Year festivities). Trains operate at intervals of 1:30 to 15 minutes depending on the line and time of day. Smoking is forbidden in the entire metro system, while eating, drinking, and chewing gum and betel nuts are forbidden within the paid area.

Stations become extremely crowded during rush hours, especially at transfer stations such as, , and. Automated station announcements are recorded in Mandarin, English, Taiwanese, and Hakka, with Japanese at busy stations. Japanese coverage across the network was expanded on the 24th of August, 2023. Select stations also received Korean announcements to accommodate for the high influx of South Korean tourists to the capital. Subsequently, announcement order was changed to Mandarin, English, Japanese, Korean, then Taiwanese and Hakka.

Fares and tickets
Fares range between –65 per trip as of 2018. RFID single journey tokens and rechargeable IC cards (such as the EasyCard and the iPASS) are used to collect fares for day-to-day use. A 20% off discount was given to all IC card users, but it was canceled at the start of February 2020. The discount program was instead switched to an intensity-based scheme. The more times passengers take the MRT, the higher the level of discount they could receive. For example, 10% discount is given for 11–20 rides; 20% discount is provided for 31–40 rides; the highest discount is 30% off for more than 50 rides. The discount is considered a rebate and is deposited to the user's card on the first of each month from the previous month. Those with welfare cards issued by local governments could receive 60% off per ride. Children aged 6 or over pay adult fares. Other ticket types include passes, joint tickets with other services and tickets for groups and discounts for YouBike rentals at the Taipei Main Station.

Infrastructure
The Taipei Metro provides an obstacle-free environment within the entire system; all stations and trains are handicap accessible. Features include:  handicap-capable restrooms, ramps and elevators for wheelchairs and strollers, tactile guide paths, extra-wide faregates, and trains with a designated wheelchair area.

Beginning in September 2003, the English station names for Taipei Metro stations were converted to use Hanyu pinyin before the end of December, with brackets for Tongyong Pinyin names for signs shown at the station entrances and exits. However, after the conversion, many stations were reported to have multiple conflicting English station names caused by inconsistent conversions, even for stations built after enactment of the new naming policy. The information brochures (臺北市大眾捷運系統捷運站轉乘公車資訊手冊) printed in September 2004 still used Wade–Giles romanizations.

To accommodate increasing passenger numbers, all metro stations have replaced turnstiles with speed gates since 2007, and single-journey magnetic cards have been replaced by RFID tokens. TRTS provides free mobile phone connections in all stations, trains, and tunnels and also provides WiFi WLAN connections at several station hotspots. The world's first WiMAX-service metro trains were introduced on the in 2007, allowing passengers to access the internet and watch live broadcasts. Several stations are also equipped with mobile charging stations.

Platforms
Most underground stations have island platform configurations while a few have side platform configurations. Most elevated and at-grade stations have side platform configurations, while a few have island platform configurations. All high-capacity metro stations have a 150 m long platform to accommodate all six-train cars on a typical metro train (with the exception of ). The width of the platform and concourse depends on the volume of transit; the largest stations include Taipei Main Station,, and. Some other transfer stations, including, , and , also have wide platforms.

Several stations have a cross-platform interchange: Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Hall, Guting, Dongmen and Ximen. Both lines' tracks in one direction use the lower floor, while both lines' tracks in the other direction use the upper floor. Dongmen station is unique in that the directions of travel on each floor are reversed, so that there's a cross-platform interchange when travelling between the city center and the suburbs.

Each station is equipped with LED displays and LCD TVs both in the concourse and on the platforms which display the time of arrival of the next train. At all stations, red lights on or above automatic platform gates at stations flash prior to a train arrival to alert passengers and an arrival melody would play (except on the and certain elevated and at-grade stations).

As of September 2018, all stations have automatic platform gates. Before 2018, all the stations on the Wenhu line and most stations on the, as well as a few stations on other lines, were equipped with platform screen doors. A Track Intrusion Detection System had also been installed to improve passenger safety at stations without platform doors. The system uses infrared and radio detectors to monitor unusual movement in the track area.

Signalling
When the Muzha Line first opened in 1996, the line was initially equipped with automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train control (ATC), which in turn comprised automatic train protection (ATP) and automatic train supervision (ATS); in particular the ATP relied on transmission coils and wayside control units whereas the ATO relied on dwell operation control units. The transmission coils are controlled by the Control Centre to ensure safety of the line and were positioned on the guideway. Among such coils included the PD loop, safety frequency loop, stopping program loop, vehicle station link and station vehicle link; these loops were cross-arranged to produce electromagnetic induction with the interval between two cross points being 0.3 seconds to both monitor the train and control its speed. However this fixed-block ATC system used on the Muzha Line was plagued with problems in its early years of operation and was replaced with the new moving-block Cityflo 650 CBTC that was supplied by Bombardier Transportation of Canada for the Neihu Line.

On the other hand, the heavy-capacity lines use the traditional fixed block system design, which were initially supplied by General Railway Signal of Rochester, New York, for the Tamsui, Xindian, Zhonghe, and Bannan lines; and later by Alstom for the Tucheng, Xinzhuang, Luzhou, Xinyi and Songshan lines. Key components of the system include impedance bond, 4-foot loops, marker coils, alignment antennae and two-aspect light signals for the wayside as well as automatic train supervision which utilises centralized traffic control.

The Circular Line uses CBTC Radio signalling from Ansaldo STS.

Public art
In the initial network, important stations such as transfer stations, terminal stations, and stations with heavy passenger flow were chosen for the installation of public art. The principles behind the locations of public art were visual focus and non-interference with passenger circulation and construction schedules. The artworks included murals, children's mosaic collages, sculptures, hung forms, spatial art, interactive art, and window displays. The selection methods included open competitions, invitational competitions, direct assignments, and cooperation with children.

Stations with public art displays include:, , , , , , , , , , , Songshan Airport, , , and. Stations with art galleries include, , , and. station contains a small archeological museum.

The promotion for artwork continues today – the Department of Rapid Transit held a bid on providing public large scale artwork for the interiors of. The bid is placed at over million.

Other facilities
In addition to the rapid transit system itself, Taipei Metro operates several public facilities such as underground shopping malls, parks, and public squares in and around stations, including:

 * Zhongshan Metro Mall: –  –  (815 m, 81 shops).
 * Taipei main station underground mall: on floor B1 of the station.
 * Taipei New World Shopping Center: Between the metro and TRA sections of Taipei Station.
 * Station front metro mall: West of Taipei main station, beneath Zhongxiao W Road.
 * Taipei City Mall: Northwest of Taipei main station, beneath Zhengzhou Rd and Civic Blvd.
 * East Metro Mall: Between and  (825 m, 35 shops).
 * Ximen Underground Mall: north of (currently used as an office building and library).
 * Longshan Temple Underground Mall: north and south sides.
 * Global Mall: floors B1 to 2F.

As of 2022 there are 229 shops within the stations themselves.

Transit
Transfers to city bus stations are available at all metro stations. In 2009, transfer volume between the metro and bus systems reached 444,100 transfers per day (counting only EasyCard users). Connections to Taiwan Railway Administration and Taiwan High Speed Rail trains are available at, and. Connections to Taipei Bus Station and Taipei City Hall Bus Station are available at and  stations, respectively. The Maokong Gondola is accessible from.

Taipei Songshan Airport is served by the station. A metro system to connect Taipei to Taoyuan International Airport has also been available since March 2017.

Rolling stock
All rolling stocks on the Taipei Metro are electric multiple units, powered by a third rail at 750 volts direct current. Each train is equipped with automatic train operation (ATO) for a partial or complete automatic train piloting and driverless functions.

Medium-capacity trains
The medium-capacity trains of are  broad gauge rubber-tired trains with no onboard train operators but are operated remotely by the medium-capacity system operation control center. It initially used a fixed-block automatic train control (ATC) system. Each train consists of two 2-car electric multiple unit (EMU) sets, with a total of 4 cars. The Wenhu line is the only line on the system to have no open-gangway carriages, meaning that passengers cannot move between carriages when the train is moving.

The was initially operated with VAL 256 trains cars, where two VAL 256 cars in the same set would share the same road number. As a result of this numbering scheme, the 102 cars of the VAL fleet have car numbers from 1 to 51. In June 2003, Bombardier was awarded a contract to supply the with 202 INNOVIA APM 256 train cars, to install the CITYFLO 650 moving-block communications-based train control (CBTC) system to replace the fixed-block ATC system and also to retrofit the existing 102 VAL 256 cars with the CITYFLO 650 CBTC system. Integration of Bombardier's trains with the existing proved to be difficult in the beginning, with multiple system malfunctions and failures during the first three months of operation. Retrofitting older trains also took longer than expected, as the older trains must undergo several hours of reliability tests during non-service hours. The VAL 256 trains resumed operations in December 2010.

The Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro is used on the, which entered service in January 2020 with the opening of the first section. Each train consists of a 4-car EMU set and with open-gangway connection between cars. The train runs on without onboard operators.

Heavy-capacity trains
The heavy-capacity trains have steel wheels and are operated by an on-board train operator. The trains are computer-controlled. The operator, who is both driver and conductor, is responsible for opening and closing the doors and making (not all) announcements. Most announcements are pre-recorded in Mandarin, English, Hokkien and Hakka, with Japanese and Korean at busy stations. The ATC provides the functions of ATP, ATO and ATS and controls all train movements, including braking, acceleration and speed control, but can be manually overridden by the operator in case of an emergency. Newer trains also use a Train Supervision Information System (TSIS) supplied by Mitsubishi Electric that allows the operator to monitor the conditions of the train and identify any faults.

Each train consists of two 3-car Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) sets, with a total of 6 cars. Each 3-car EMU set is permanently coupled as DM–T–M, where DM is the motor car with full-width cab, T is a trailer car and M is the motor car without cab. Each motor car has four 3-phase AC traction motors. The configuration of a 6-car train is DM–T–M+M–T–DM, not interchanged with other car types. Like many contemporary metro rolling stock designs such as the MOVIA by Bombardier, each train features open gangways, allowing passengers to move freely between cars.

All carriages of the heavy-capacity trains are 3.2 m wide by 3.6 m high, and have a total capacity of 368 passengers, 60 of which seated. Their design maximum speed is 90 km/h, which is limited to 80 km/h in service.

The first digit of a DM car is 1, while that of a T car is 2 and that of an M car is 3. This digit then follows the three digits of the set number. For example, C301 set 001/002 consists of carriages 1001-2001-3001+3002-2002-1002.

A single set cannot be in revenue service except C371 single sets 397–399, where their M car is exactly a DM car despite its first digit being 3. These single sets run exclusively on the Xinbeitou and Xiaobitan branch lines. Before the C371 single sets were in revenue service on 22 July 2006, the M cars of C301 sets 013/014 were converted to temporary cab cars to run the Xinbeitou branch.

In 2010, the new C381 was built for Taipei Metro to cope with increasing passenger ridership and the expansion of its network route. Upon entering service on 7 October 2012, three C381 trainsets are servicing the Beitou – Taipower Building segment of the Tamsui and Xindian Lines, with the remaining fleet being put into service on 20 October 2012. These trains provided much-needed capacity increase when the Xinyi and Songshan extensions opened in late 2013. After November 2014, the C381 trains are serving both and. Whereas the earlier heavy capacity train types have largely retained the same design, the C381 sets are more distinctive with double blue stripes and the re-positioning of the logo from the driver's door to well below the passenger's windows, right on the stripe. Also placed were the more "sleeker" cab and the new advertising screens (as seen in newer Japanese commuter trains such as the E233 series) to improve energy efficiency, although it retains the same propulsion as the C371s.

Engineering trains
Taipei Metro also uses a fleet of specialised trains for maintenance of way purposes:

Depots
The system currently has 10 depots, with more under construction.

Reception

Taipei Metro is one of the most expensive rapid transit systems ever constructed, with phase one of the system costing US$18 billion and phase two estimated to have cost US$13.8 billion.

Despite earlier controversy, by the time the first phase of construction was completed in 2000, it was generally agreed that the metro project was a success, and it has since become an essential part of life in Taipei. The system has been effective in reducing traffic congestion in the city and has spurred the revival of satellite towns (like Tamsui) and development of new areas (like Nangang). The system has also helped to increase average vehicle speed for routes running from New Taipei into Taipei. Property prices along metro routes (both new and existing) tend to increase with the opening of more lines.

Since the Taipei Metro joined the Nova International Railway Benchmarking Group and the Community of Metros (Nova/CoMET) in 2002, it has started collecting and analysing data of the 33 Key Performance Indicators set by Nova/CoMET in order to compare them with those of other metro systems around the world, as a reference to improve its operation. Taipei Metro also has gained keys to success from case studies on different subjects such as safety, reliability, and incidents, and from the operational experiences of other metro systems.

According to a study conducted by the Railway Technology Strategy Center at Imperial College London, and data gathered by Nova/CoMET, the Taipei Metro has ranked number 1 in the world for four consecutive years in terms of reliability, safety, and quality standards (2004–2007). The most congested route sections handle over 38,000 commuters per hour during peak times.

On New Year's Eve 2009 and New Year's Day 2010, the Metro system transported 2.17 million passengers in 42 consecutive hours. On 22 April 2010 after 14 years of service, the system achieved the milestone of 4 billion cumulative riders. On 29 December 2010, the system passed the benchmark of 500 million annual passengers for the first time. The record for single day ridership hit 2.5 million passengers during the New Year's Eve celebrations on 31 December 2010. Following opening of the Xinyi section of, the system reached another record of 2.75 million passengers on 31 December 2013.

In May 2016, the Singapore Transport Minister, Khaw Boon Wan, said that his country's rail operators, SBS Transit and SMRT, should emulate the example of Taipei Metro. Speaking at a rail engineering forum, he cited the Taipei Metro's timely maintenance and replacement of assets, as well as its fast response to rail network problems. Khaw said the Singapore Land Transport Authority (LTA) is working with the TRTC to attach staff from SBS and SMRT to its metro workshops, so they can learn from its asset maintenance practices and engineering improvements.

Future expansions
Several lines are planned to be added to the network.

Wanda–Zhonghe–Shulin line (Light Green line)
Wanda–Zhonghe–Shulin is a metro line under construction. Phase 1 will run from to Juguang, Zhonghe, New Taipei. Phase 1 is expected to be completed in 2025.

Phase 2 will connect Zhonghe Senior High School, the previous station of Juguang, to, making the part between Zhonghe Senior High School and Juguang a branch line. The entire line is expected to be fully completed around late 2028.

Phase 2 and 3 of Circular line (Yellow line)
Phase 2 of Circular line is under construction and planned completion for 2029. Phase 2 consists of Northern Section and Southern Section. Northern Section will continue from to. This section will service Wugu, Luzhou, Shilin and Neihu. The Southern Section will continue from to  and will mainly service Wenshan.

Phase 3 is planned to start construction in 2025 and finish construction in 2033. Phase 3 consists of the Eastern Section, is planned to connect and  in Phase 2 making the line an actual loop.

Minsheng–Xizhi line (Sky Blue line)
Minsheng–Xizhi is a planned metro line. As of February 2011, New Taipei has been pursuing the construction of the 17.52-km Minsheng–Xizhi line, though the most recent plan was rejected by the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, citing the need for further evidence for the line's viability. The city plans to re-submit the proposal, and the project is estimated to cost NT$42.2 billion (US$1.44 billion). A possible 4.25-km extension of the line to connect with the planned Keelung light rail is also being considered. The line is planned to be built partially underground and partially elevated. It will begin from Dadaocheng Harbour beneath Minsheng West Road in Taipei, run along Minsheng East and West Roads, pass through Minsheng Community and journey under the Keelung River towards the Neihu District. The line will then change to an elevated mode and reach its termini at Xintai 5th Road in Xizhi District, New Taipei City. As of May 2018, the proposal for this line has been submitted to the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, but has yet to be approved.

2001 typhoon flooding
On 17 September 2001, Typhoon Nari flooded all underground tracks as well as 16 stations, the heavy-capacity system operation control center, the administration building, and the Nangang Depot. The elevated was not seriously affected and resumed operations the next day. However, the heavy-capacity lines were not restored to full operational status until three months later.

2014 stabbing attack
On 21 May 2014, 28 people were stabbed in a mass stabbing by a knife-wielding college student on the. The attack occurred on a train near, resulting in 4 deaths and 24 injured. It was the first fatal attack on the metro system since it began operations in 1996. The suspect was 21-year-old Cheng Chieh (鄭捷), a university student at Tunghai University, who was arrested at immediately after the incident. On 6 March 2015, Cheng Chieh was found guilty on multiple counts of murder and attempted murder, and was sentenced to death. He was subsequently executed on 10 May 2016.

Controversies
In early 2021, it was discovered that a pornographic film production company had created a series of sets which copied the design of MRT trains and stations. This caused a brief stir when it was first released as many were concerned that the films had been shot on actual MRT trains and stations. Nevertheless, it was still condemned by Taipei MRT for imitating its train carriages.

On 30 December 2021, Taipei MRT rejected an Amnesty International advertisement which featured detained human rights activist Lee Ming-che.

title: Taipei Metro


text:
Gore (road)

In road and highway construction, a gore (or nose in modern British English) is a triangular plot of land as designated when a road forks at the intersection with second road, or merges on and off from a larger one. A "virtual" (or theoretical) gore is a triangular shaped space, characteristically marked off with distinguishing highway paint, often found leading to the unpaved area of a larger physical gore.

The term gore (describing a space) is a historic one, representing a characteristically triangular piece of land, often designated incidentally when two surveys failed to meet. Etymologically it is derived from gār, meaning spear.

A theoretical gore is commonly marked with transverse or chevron painted lines (much as traffic islands) at both entrance and exit ramps. These help separate drivers on the mainline from those entering and exiting the highway, and also aid the latter category of drivers in regulating their speed while accelerating and decelerating. Gores at exit ramps occasionally feature impact attenuators, especially when something solid follows the theoretical or physical gore, such as a bridge abutment.

In the US, at the "theoretical gore point", a dotted white line becomes a wide solid white channelizing line and another wide solid white line angles off along the edge of the diverging road, forming an elongated white triangle in front of the gore. This as a "neutral area" with white chevron markings optionally added.

title: Gore (road)


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200 Motels

200 Motels is a 1971 surrealist musical film written and directed by Frank Zappa and Tony Palmer, and featuring music by Zappa. An international co-production of United States and the United Kingdom, the film stars the Mothers of Invention, Theodore Bikel, Keith Moon and Ringo Starr.

A soundtrack album was released in the same year, with a slightly different selection of music.

Plot
The film attempts to portray the craziness of life on the road as a rock musician, and as such consists of a series of unconnected nonsense vignettes interspersed with concert footage of the Mothers of Invention. Ostensibly, while on tour The Mothers of Invention go crazy in the small fictional town of Centerville ("a real nice place to raise your kids up"), wander around, and get beaten up in "Redneck Eats", a cowboy bar. In an animated interlude passed off as a "dental hygiene movie", bassist "Jeff", tired of playing what he refers to as "Zappa's comedy music", is persuaded by his bad conscience to quit the group, as did his real-life counterpart Jeff Simmons. Simmons was replaced by Martin Lickert (who was Starr's chauffeur) for the film. Almost every scene is drenched with video special effects (double and triple exposures, solarisation, false color, speed changes, etc.) which were innovative in 1971. The film has been dubbed a "surrealistic documentary".

Production
Principal scenes of 200 Motels, including the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, were filmed in a week at Pinewood Studios outside London, and featured The Mothers of Invention, The Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Ringo Starr, Theodore Bikel, and Keith Moon. Tensions between Zappa and several cast and crew members arose before and during shooting. However, director Tony Palmer (on his 2009 reissue of 200 Motels) claims that all elements of the script derived from Zappa's trunk's worth of material were completed during production. It was the first feature film photographed on videotape and transferred to 35 mm film, a process that allowed for novel visual effects.

Release and reception
United Artists' press kit for the film stated "For the audience that already knows and appreciates THE MOTHERS, [it] will provide a logical extension of our concerts and recordings." The film premiere was shown at Doheny Plaza Theater in Hollywood, California to mixed reviews. 200 Motels currently holds a 57% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on seven reviews. Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four, saying that the film; "is a joyous, fanatic, slightly weird experiment in the uses of the color videotape process", and also stating; "It assaults the mind with everything on hand".

Soundtrack
The soundtrack to 200 Motels was released by United Artists Records on October 4, 1971, and features a combination of rock and jazz songs, orchestral music and comedic spoken dialogue. The rock and comedy songs "Mystery Roach", "Lonesome Cowboy Burt", "Daddy, Daddy, Daddy", "What Will This Evening Bring Me This Morning" and "Magic Fingers", and the finale "Strictly Genteel", which mixes orchestral and rock elements, were noted as highlights of the album by reviewer Richie Unterberger.

The score relied extensively on orchestral music, and Zappa's dissatisfaction with the classical music world intensified when a concert, scheduled at the Royal Albert Hall after filming, was canceled because a representative of the venue found some of the lyrics obscene. In 1975, he lost a lawsuit against the Royal Albert Hall for breach of contract. When "Penis Dimension" was played to the judge, Mr Justice Mocatta, he responded "Have I got to listen to this?". The UK première was not until 29 October 2013, almost 20 years after Zappa's death.

The album was not released on compact disc until 1997, as a result of a licensing deal between Rykodisc (at the time the licensee for all of Zappa's other albums from the Zappa Family Trust (ZFT), numbering over 60 titles) and MGM allowing them to re-release numerous rare movie-musical soundtracks on CD. With the addition of this title, Ryko was finally able to offer the complete catalog of official Zappa recordings, as numerous legal proceedings both during Zappa's lifetime and afterwards failed to cede ownership of the rights and tapes to ZFT. That 2-CD edition, now out of print, contained extensive liner notes and artwork as well as a small poster for the film, as well as bonus tracks consisting of radio promos for the film and the single edit of the song "Magic Fingers".

Though many Zappa fans consider this album a key recording of the period, it was deemed by some music critics to be a peripheral album. AllMusic's Richie Unterberger critiqued what he referred to as the "growing tendency to deploy the smutty, cheap humor that would soon dominate much of Zappa's work", but said that "Those who like his late-'60s/early-'70s work [...] will probably like this fine".

Legacy
After 200 Motels, the band went on tour; the live album Just Another Band From L.A. included the 20-minute track "Billy the Mountain", Zappa's satire on rock opera set in Southern California. This track was representative of the band's theatrical performances in which songs were used to build up sketches based on 200 Motels scenes as well as new situations often portraying the band members' sexual encounters on the road.

A show was produced in 2018 in France (Festival Musica Strasbourg and Philharmonie de Paris), staged by Antoine Gindt and conducted by Léo Warynski. This production is revivaled in Opéra de Nice in December 2023.

title: 200 Motels


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Seth (disambiguation)

Seth was the third son of Adam and Eve in the Bible.

Seth may also refer to:
 * Strong exponential time hypothesis
 * Seth (given name)
 * Seth (surname)
 * Seth (cartoonist)
 * Seth, Germany
 * Seth Material, a collection of writings allegedly from "Seth" a disembodied entity channeled by Jane Roberts
 * Set (deity), also known as Seth
 * Seth (band), a French Black metal band; see Originators of the Northern Darkness – A Tribute to Mayhem
 * Cyclone Seth (2021), a weak tropical cyclone that made landfall on Australia

title: Seth (disambiguation)


text:
User talk:Lady Tenar/newuser

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia, xxyy!!

I hope you like this place and have fun editing. We always like to meet new Wikipedians! Here ar some more things to do, in case you're bored. But don't feel pressed by that.

You might find these links helpful in creating new pages or helping with the above tasks: How to edit a page, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should read our policies at some point too.

If you want get to know more people here, list yourself at New user log, and go back there sometimes to see if you find people matching your intersts. Go to Community Portal to learn more about wikipedia and ways to participate.

If you have any questions, see the help pages, or add a question to the village pump. You also can leave me a message at User talk:Lady Tenar, but it may take a few days bevore i see the message and can respond.

Here are some more tips:

 * If you made any edits before you got an account, you might be interested in assigning those to your username.
 * You can sign your name using three tildes, like this: . If you use four, you can add a datestamp too.
 * If you ever think a page or image should be deleted, please list it at the votes for deletion page. There is also a votes for undeletion page if you want to retrieve something that you think should not have been deleted.

Again, welcome!

title: User talk:Lady Tenar/newuser


text:
United States congressional delegations from Maine

These are tables of congressional delegations from Maine to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives.

The current dean of the Maine delegation is Senator Susan Collins, having served in the Senate since 1997.


text:
Talk:50 Virginia

Comments
Does anyone know the source of 50 Virginia's name? Is it named after the American state, or perhaps a woman of that name? The Singing Badger 22:20, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

- The discoverer's name in the table is wrong, to the extent the other discoverer is not mentioned. The "Discovery circumstances" webpage of CfA mentions only Ferguson - why? -VManimanis 20:52, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:50 Virginia


text: Category:Guinea

title: Category:Guinea


text: User talk:Ianml

title: User talk:Ianml


text:
Drunken Lullabies

Drunken Lullabies is the second studio album by the Irish-American punk band Flogging Molly. Their first album to feature guitarist Dennis Casey, it reached number 157 on the Billboard charts. It has since been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

The title track "Drunken Lullabies" was featured on the soundtrack of the video game Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4 as well as the Fat Wreck Chords compilation Rock Against Bush, Vol. 2.

Reception
AllMusic gave the album a positive review. The review called the title track a standout and noted its themes of "decrying the ills of modern society" as well as its "breakneck speed". It also referred to the song "Death Valley Queen" as a "dirge of Dylanesque proportions." The reviewer concluded that "After one listen, you'll probably wish you were Irish." In a four-star review, Punknews.org said that Flogging Molly "sounds authentic" and named "What's Left of the Flag", "Rebels of the Sacred Heart" and "The Rare Ould Times" as the standout tracks.

Personnel

 * Dave King – lead vocals, acoustic guitar, banjo, bodhran, spoons, backing vocals
 * Bridget Regan – fiddle, tin whistle, uilleann pipes, backing vocals
 * Dennis Casey – electric guitar, backing vocals
 * Matt Hensley – accordion
 * Nathen Maxwell – bass, backing vocals, lead vocal on "Cruel Mistress"
 * Bob Schmidt – mandolin, banjo, bazouki, backing vocals
 * George Schwindt – drums

title: Drunken Lullabies


text:
Fecundity

Fecundity is defined in two ways; in human demography, it is the potential for reproduction of a recorded population as opposed to a sole organism, while in population biology, it is considered similar to fertility,  the natural capability to produce offspring, measured by the number of gametes (eggs), seed set, or asexual propagules.

Human demography
Human demography considers only human fecundity, at its culturally differing rates, while population biology studies all organisms. The term fecundity in population biology is often used to describe the rate of offspring production after one time step (often annual). In this sense, fecundity may include both birth rates and survival of young to that time step. While levels of fecundity vary geographically, it is generally a consistent feature of each culture. Fecundation is another term for fertilization.

In obstetrics and gynecology, fecund-ability is the probability of being pregnant in a single menstrual cycle, and fecundity is the probability of achieving a live birth within a single cycle.

Population ecology
In ecology, fecundity is a measure of the reproductive capacity of an individual or population, typically restricted to the reproductive individuals. It can be equally applied to sexual and asexual reproduction, as the purpose of fecundity is to measure how many new individuals are being added to a population. Fecundity may be defined differently for different ecological studies to explain the specific data the study examined. For example, some studies use apparent fecundity to describe that their data looks at a particular moment in time rather than the species' entire life span. In other studies, these definitions are changed to better quantify fecundity for the organism in question. This need is particularly true for modular organisms, as their modular organization differs from the more typical unitary organism, in which fecundity is best defined through a count of offspring.

Life history patterns (parity)
Parity is the organization of fecundity into two distinct types, semelparity, and iteroparity.

Semelparity occurs when an organism reproduces only once in its lifetime, with death being a part of its reproductive strategy. These species produce many offspring during their one reproductive event, giving them a potential advantage when it comes to fecundity, as they are producing more offspring.

Iteroparity is when a species reproduces multiple times over its lifetime. This species' strategy is to protect against the unpredictable survivability of their offspring, in which if their first litter of offspring dies, they can reproduce again and replace the dead offspring. It also allows the organism to care for its offspring, as they will be alive during their development.

Factors affecting fecundity
There are a multitude of factors that potentially affect the rates of fecundity. For example: ontogeny, population density and latitude.

Ontogeny

Fecundity in iteroparous organisms often increases with age but can decline at older ages. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this relationship. For species with declining growth rates after maturity, the suggestion is that as the organism's growth rate decreases, more resources can be allocated to reproduction. Other possible explanations exist for this pattern for organisms that do not grow after maturity. These explanations include: increased competence of older individuals; less fit individuals have already died off; or since life expectancy decreases with age, older individuals may allocate more resources to reproduction at the expense of survival. In semelparous species, age is frequently a poor predictor of fecundity. In these cases, size is likely a better predictor.

Population density
Population density is often observed to negatively affect fecundity, making fecundity density-dependent. The reasoning behind this observation is that once an area is overcrowded, fewer resources are available for each individual. Thus there may be insufficient energy to reproduce in high numbers when offspring survival is low. Occasionally high density can stimulate the production of offspring, particularly in plant species, because if there are more plants, there is food to lure pollinators, who will then spread that plant's pollen and allow for more reproduction.

Latitude
There are many different hypotheses to explain the relationship between latitude and fecundity. One claimed that fecundity increases predictably with increasing latitude. Reginald Morean proposed this hypothesis, the explanation being that there is higher mortality in seasonal environments.

A different hypothesis by David Lack attributed the positive relationship to the change in daylight hours found with changing latitudes. These differing daylight hours, in turn, change the hours in which a parent can collect food. He also accounts for a drop in fecundity at the poles due to their extreme amounts of day lengths, which can exhaust the parent.

Fecundity intensity due to seasonality is a hypothesis proposed by Phillip Ashmole. He suggests latitude affects fecundity due to seasonality increasing with increasing latitudes. This theory relies on the mortality concept proposed by Moreau but focuses on how seasonality affects mortality and, in turn, population densities. Thus in places with higher mortality, there is more food availability, leading to higher fecundity. Another hypothesis claims that seasonality affects fecundity due to varying lengths of breeding seasons. This idea suggests that shorter breeding seasons select a larger clutch size to compensate for the reduced reproduction frequency, thus increasing those species' fecundity.

Fecundity and fitness
Fecundity is a significant component of fitness. Fecundity selection builds on that idea. This idea claims that the genetic selection of traits that increase an organism's fecundity is, in turn, advantageous to an organism's fitness.

Fecundity Schedule

Fecundity Schedules are data tables that display the patterns of birth amongst individuals of different ages in a population. These are typically found in life tables under the columns Fx and mx.

Fx lists the total number of young produced by each age class, and mx is the mean number of young produced, found by finding the number of young produced per surviving individual. For example, if you have 12 individuals in an age class and they produced 16 surviving young, the Fx is 16, and the mx is 1.336.

Infecundity
Infecundity is a term meaning "inability to conceive after several years of exposure to the risk of pregnancy." This usage is prevalent in medicine, especially reproductive medicine, and in demographics. Infecundity would be synonymous with infertility, but in demographic and medical use fertility (and thus its antonym infertility) may refer to quantity and rates of offspring produced, rather than any physiological or other limitations on reproduction.

Additional information
Additionally, social trends and societal norms may influence fecundity, though this influence tends to be temporary. Indeed, it is considered impossible to cease reproduction based on social factors, and fecundity tends to rise after a brief decline.

Fecundity has also been shown to increase in ungulates with relation to warmer weather.

In sexual evolutionary biology, especially in sexual selection, fecundity is contrasted to reproductivity.

title: Fecundity