text:
Elgin City F.C.

Elgin City Football Club (also known as City or The Black and Whites) is a professional senior football club based in Elgin, Moray.

Elgin was founded in 1893 and originally played their football in the Highland Football League. The club was granted league status in 2000. They currently compete in the Scottish Professional Football League in Scottish League Two.

History
The present Elgin City club was formed on 10 August 1893 by the amalgamation of two Elgin sides, Rovers (Formed 1887) and Vale of Lossie (Founded 1888). However the name Elgin City was used by two clubs prior to this. The first was formed in October 1879, but lasted for only a short time. The second Elgin City was formed in October 1884 and lasted until early 1887.

The present club's first major honour came in the 1898–99 season when they became the first team outside Inverness to win the North of Scotland Cup, beating Clachnacuddin 2–1. However, they failed to record any more success aside from the Elgin District Cup until 1924 when they again won the North of Scotland Cup a second time. Since then they have won honours with relative frequency.

In 1968 the club reached the quarter-finals of the Scottish Cup, the furthest into the tournament that a Highland League club has ever progressed.

The club was granted league status in 2000 when the SPL was expanded to twelve clubs leaving two places to be filled. Peterhead joined them in the Third Division from the Highland League. Since joining the SFL, Elgin have struggled with consistency, and to this date have neither been promoted or relegated, but in season 2003–04 they recaptured the North of Scotland Cup.

In December 2005, assistant manager Kenny Black saw a takeover bid thwarted at the eleventh hour. Many fans saw his bid as the best chance to move upward through the leagues, but a controversial sale of shares in the club meant Black's bid was defeated. David Robertson, manager at the time, also chose to leave the club. Former Lossiemouth manager Graham Tatters was subsequently named as Elgin's new chairman. Club captain at the time Jamie McKenzie was appointed caretaker manager and a run of good results was rewarded with the Manager of the Month award for December 2005; at the time he was the youngest serving manager in the UK.

Early in 2006, former Aberdeen, Ross County and Scotland international, Brian Irvine was appointed manager. However, following a very poor start to the 2006–07 season, he left the club despite having forged a good relationship with the fans.

After a brief spell under interim manager Graham Tatters (during which they lost to Highland League Deveronvale in the Scottish Cup Third round), former Clachnacuddin manager Robbie Williamson was appointed in January 2007. Williamson quit on 20 December 2008, before a game with Berwick Rangers. He left the team bottom of the Third Division after just two wins from 15 matches.

On 23 January 2009, former player of Everton, Norwich City, Dundee, Dunfermline Athletic and Kilmarnock, Ross Jack was named as the club's new manager, signing a three-and-a-half-year contract. He was a former player-manager of Montrose and former assistant coach at Ross County. On 5 January 2013, Elgin City became the first club to take a point from Rangers at Ibrox in the season, with the game finishing 1–1. Ross Jack left the club on 22 January 2014 after five years in charge, with the club lying in second bottom position of the division. In his time at the club, the high point was reaching the divisional play-offs at the end of season 2011–12.

Former player and assistant manager Barry Wilson was appointed as manager on 28 January 2014 and announced his intention to have a squad of north-based players. Barry Wilson resigned as manager on 17 November 2014 and was replaced by Jim Weir 10 days later. On 30 April 2016, they sealed the runners up spot in Scottish League Two and entered the promotion Play-offs. However, they lost 5–1 on aggregate to Clyde and remained in League Two. The club finished fifth in 2017, missing out on a play off spot by one point. 2018 saw another mid-table finish, as the club ended the campaign in sixth place on 49 points. In 2019, the club finished in eighth place, 24 points clear of the playoff spot.

Ground
Elgin City have played at Borough Briggs since 1921 when it replaced Cooper Park. The ground currently has a capacity of (478 seated) and is the most northerly football league ground in the United Kingdom.

Board

 * Chairman: Alan Murray
 * Vice-chair: Isla Benzie
 * Directors: Chris Foot, Stephen Hopes, Cecil Jack, Kenny Stewart

Coaching staff

 * Manager: Allan Hale
 * Assistant manager: Stefan Laird
 * Goalkeeping coach: Gordon Milne
 * Sports analyst: Gordon Nicolson
 * Club doctor: James Jack
 * Physiotherapists: Andrew Jones, Catherine Graham
 * Joint heads of youth academy: Darren Main, Steven Rattray
 * Community & academy operations manager: Craigh Stewart

Honours

 * Highland League
 * Champions: 1931–32, 1934–35, 1952–53, 1955–56 (After Play-off), 1959–60, 1960–61 (After Play-off), 1962–63, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1989–90 (14)

Elgin City had won the 1992–93 season but were stripped of title for bringing forward their final match of the season, so that two players due to serve a suspension could play.

 * Highland League Cup
 * Winners: 1959–60, 1966–67, 1982–83, 1990–91, 1997–98 (5)
 * Scottish Qualifying Cup (North)
 * Winners: 1935–36, 1937–38, 1959–60, 1964–65, 1967–68, 1970–71, 1989–90 (7)
 * North of Scotland Cup
 * Winners: 1898–99, 1923–24, 1936–37, 1954–55, 1955–56, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1982–83, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2003–04 (18)

Club records
Win: 18–1 v Brora Rangers on 6 February 1960 (North of Scotland Cup)

Defeat: 1–14 v Heart of Midlothian on 4 February 1939 (1938–39 Scottish Cup)

Home attendance: 12,608 v Arbroath on 17 February 1968 (1967–68 Scottish Cup)

Away attendance: 46,406 v Rangers on 5 January 2013 (Scottish League, Third Division)

Most Scottish League Appearances: Brian Cameron 342 (39) (2008–)

Most Individual Goals in a Scottish League Match: 4 by Craig Gunn v. Berwick Rangers, 6 August 2011 at Borough Briggs (Won 4–1)

Most Individual Goals in a Scottish Cup Match: 4 by Shane Sutherland v Hawick Royal Albert, 26 November 2016 at Borough Briggs (Won 8–1)

Most Scottish League Goals in a Season: Craig Gunn 21 (2015–16)

Most Scottish League Goals: Craig Gunn 114 (2009–2017)

Most Highland League Appearances: Neil MacLennan 438 (1979–1980, 1983–2000)

Most Individual Goals in a Highland League Match: 8 by Charlie Cormack v Nairn County, 29 August 1936 at Borough Briggs (Won 12–2)

Most Highland League Goals in a Season: Matt Armstrong 52 From 30 Appearances (1947–48)

Most Highland League Goals: Gerry Graham 259 From 257 Appearances (1965–1974)

Most Goals in a Season: 66 by Willie Grant From 40 Appearances (1960–61)

Record Goalscorer: Gerry Graham (371) (1965–1974)

Managers since entry to the SFL

 * Alex Caldwell (24 February 2000 – 9 December 2002)
 * Harry McFadden (9 December 2002 – 2003, caretaker)
 * David Robertson (2003 – 2 December 2005)
 * Jamie McKenzie (2005 – 2006, caretaker)
 * Brian Irvine (26 January 2006 – December 2006)
 * 🏴 Graham Tatters (2006 – 2007, caretaker)
 * Robbie Williamson (11 January 2007 – 21 December 2008)
 * David McConnachie (2008 – 2009, caretaker)
 * Ross Jack (23 January 2009 – 22 January 2014)
 * Barry Wilson (28 January 2014 – 17 November 2014)
 * Jim Weir (27 November 2014 – 1 October 2017)
 * Gavin Price (1 October 2017 – 8 April 2023)
 * 🏴 Ross Draper (9 April 2023 – 5 September 2023)
 * Barry Smith (6 September 2023 – 13 November 2023)
 * Allan Hale (5 December 2023 – present)

title: Elgin City F.C.


text:
Talk:Smelting

Comment
Needs to be differentiated from the stub Extractive metallurgy, which is currently categorized under Engineering. --Leperflesh 22:38, Aug 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * Done. Noisy | Talk 19:35, 11 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Silver oxide does not require carbon to reduce it to metallic form. Silver oxide in air is thermodynamically unstable above approx 220C. To produce silver power an oxide is often precipitated and then heated to reduce to silver particles. MS Met 1977 worked with silver many years64.26.76.130 (talk) 20:48, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

Practical smelting
I've started a section on how to actually do this. Remember wikipedia will be read all over the world, by kids with one laptop per child etc, and this kind of immediate practical advice could be really useful to communities who want to build forges and metalworks. (Like, it look humantity thousands of years to figure smelting out, and it was arguably the second most important invention of all time after the wheel.) Anyone reading this who has worked as an old-style blacksmith etc, please fill in the details! (also if society is ever wiped out by nukes etc and we have to begin again, asimov-style, wikipedia should contain this sort of knowledge; there are probably hippie-style communities out there who would also be interested too). Possibly this should go on wiki-how and be linked from here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 143.167.74.60 (talk • contribs) 03:47, 31 May 2006
 * First off, an "old style blacksmith" is doing something called forging (basically heat and beat), not smelting. These little global village things sound cute.  Take copper for instance:  how is your community smelter going to keep from polluting the little community with sulfur dioxide, arsenic, mercury, cadmium and all the cats and dogs found in copper ore?  That's why there are no such things, and we therefore regulate the companies that have the means to build large-scale smelters.  Please sign your posts. BSMet94 19:56, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

The "Basic Smelting" section says that seven (or rather "7") metals were known in the ancient world, and could be extracted from their ores. Gold is listed as one of the seven metals, but the chemical equations following don't include any gold ores, and I'm not certain that gold is normally refined from ores.
 * Good point. That whole section has always bothered me.  First off, it's unreferenced with respect to the seven known metals in the ancient world.  Further, my understanding of gold extraction in ancient times is that it was "free" gold, detectable by eye.  It was concentrated  by various means (e.g. golden fleece) and melted as opposed to smelting.  I've been really busy of late, and haven't had a chance to really work this section over.BSMet94 03:44, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Hello, there. I wrote that paragraph a couple of years ago, when there was almost nothing in the page and someone was asking to improve it. The intention was to say "can be smelted", not that they were smelted in ancient times. There are indeed gold ores and they can be smelted, but I didn't add them with the other ores because gold ores are very rare (for example, calaverite, AuTe2). While it is true that gold (and copper and silver) could and still can be extracted in native form, I thought that this was more related to extractive metallurgy rather than to smelting. Regarding the "seven metals", that's bit of common knowledge; for example, the Bible refers to these seven metals... like in Malachi 3:3 "He will sit as a refiner and purifier of silver; he will purify the Levites and refine them like gold and silver. Then the LORD will have men who will bring offerings in righteousness". And so forth. Cheers :) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Fbastos7 (talk • contribs) 22:59, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Needs major revision
The formula for cassiterite is incorrect and should be SnO2, not SnO —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.125.30.218 (talk) 23:38, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

This is not a good article. The discussion is limited to iron; most metals need to be smelted to obtain metal, but that is nowhere mentioned.

Furthermore, the article has gained certain accretions, like the first use of iron. This is intersting and should appear in Wikipaedia, but would be much better elsewhere. Peterkingiron 08:35, 21 April 2006 (UTC)

I have tried to tidy up this article, but it is possible that I have messed up the section on base metals; if so I hope some one will correct it. My familiarity is mainly with historic, rather than existing processes. Peterkingiron 23:12, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

We meet again. I'm on my crusade to clean up all the extractive (or at least pyrometallurgical) articles. It's going to be slow, and I'm coming only from the theory and modern practice standpoint. My knowledge of metallurgical history only goes back to the 1800s. That's where you come in, Peterkingiron! I have a copy of De Re Metallica, but there's a big gap in my library from the 1500s to the 1800s.... heheheh. BSMet94 20:01, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Someone improve this article!!
—Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.15.127.254 (talk • contribs) 03:47, 31 May 2006

Ugh. What exactly is (or what should be) the philosophy of this article? When an article is entitled simply "Smelting," I sort of assume that it will be a descriptive article giving simply a definition of smelting, smelting processes (chemistry), and smelting practices. The bit recently added about bronze smelting is way too wordy. That could be covered in two lines at most and a "see also." The smelting article should confine itself to smelting. If you want to discuss history and the role smelting played in history, shoudn't that be somewhere else in a history article?BSMet94 15:36, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

 * History is often a good means of approaching processes. However I am doubtful how useful it is to say much about 'camp fires'.  Nor am I sure of the relevance of pottery kilns and glazes.  I would suggest a structure:
 * Smelting basics → Chemistry
 * Early history - origins of smelting for each metal
 * Later Processes - describing them metal by metal, probably by cross-reference to main articles on each metal
 * Modern processes.
 * The coverage of lead smelting processes in Wikipedia is abmysal; I have not investigated those for tin, copper and copper alloys (bronze and brass), but suspect they are as bad. Peterkingiron 17:27, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Never mind implying that silver is a base metal and not a precious metal, in the intro. 71.120.113.219 (talk) 12:39, 23 October 2019 (UTC)

How about something up-to-date?
This is all good historic stuff but how about something more up-to-date? For instance, the reverbatory furnace is horribly polluting and is being replaced fast by more modern copper smelting methods like the Outokumpu flash furnace, the Teniente reactor, Isasmelt, etc. The smelting business is moving on fast. Mafestel (talk) 11:06, 22 February 2008 (UTC)
 * If you know about it, why do you not write it up? I am a historian, and mainly intersted in iron, rather than non-ferrous base metals.  Peterkingiron (talk) 16:20, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
 * My knowledge is probably too patchy but I will have a go at modern smelting methods when I have time. This would have to be incorporated into the historical side, about which I know nothing.  It sounds like a joint effortMafestel (talk) 10:01, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I watch this page and will therefore be able to tidy up anything you produce. Peterkingiron (talk) 16:44, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

First bronze
1500 bc or 3200bc? that's a 1700 year gap. what does this mean? sometime between those dates? Toyokuni3 (talk) 20:02, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

 * After looking through the history, it previously listed both 1500 and 3200 BC, so when one of the editors came along, he lumped them together as part of his clean up. A ref needs to be found for the proper date. Wizard191 (talk) 22:48, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

The first sentence is in need of strong revision: "After tin and lead, the next metal to be smelted appears to have been copper. How the discovery came about is a matter of much debate. Campfires are about 200 °C short of the temperature needed for that" What is the temperature of a campfire? What is the temperature necessary to smelt copper? Why would it require a kiln instead of an open flame. Why and how do sources disagree on how copper was discovered?--Johnnydc (talk) 00:15, 14 February 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree that this is not well expressed. It is however correct that lead can be smelted in a fire, but copper requires a hihger temperature.  Some one has added to each paragraph an unreferenced mention of smelting by the Incas.  These would be much better collected into a single paragraph at the end of the section, so that the first smelting (several millenia ago) does not keep being interrupted by what the Incas did much more recently.  Peterkingiron (talk) 18:43, 14 February 2010 (UTC)

Outsider view
Behold, this is where Wikipedia falls down. I look up Wortley Top Forge (on its own site, not on Wikipedia) as a result of which I look up Bloomery in Wikipedia. From there I get a link to this article (which does not reciprocate) and here I find laments about inadequacy and lack of verification, with appeals for someone else to do something.

Incidentally, the previous editing toolbar was instantly usable. The present one will take some getting used to. --MWLittleGuy (talk) 19:19, 14 May 2010 (UTC)

Chemistry?
Which ignoramus was it that removed the chemical equations from this article? Is it the position of the those who control this page that proper presentation of the fundamental processes of smelting should be avoided? Are basic chemical equations too advanced for most readers, or is the objective simply to make this page as unuseful as possible?

My position is that without the equations, this article is little more than idle chatter and of no serious use whatsoever. Even those will passing interest are being shortchanged. Though no doubt there's a WP:RULE somewhere that justifies this hack job. ObsessiveMathsFreak (talk) 15:03, 18 June 2010 (UTC)

I definitely agree, requires chemical equations. 24.231.86.88 (talk) 21:54, 17 September 2010 (UTC)

--//--

Just FYI, the chemical equations were removed by Riventree on the 25th of April 2010 at 18:43. To his defense, he does seem to have replaced them by verbal descriptions which the equations were not consistent with. 82.154.191.232 (talk) 10:51, 18 September 2010 (UTC)

--//--

Does anyone care that PbSO3 is lead sulfite? Lead sulfate is PbSO4. StainlessSteelDoctor (talk) 03:38, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

Cultural References
The cultural reference to Goldmember is a reminder why these "cultural references" sections should be done away with. 66.172.189.14 (talk) 18:56, 20 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Agreed, this one is incredibly tangential, so likely should be removed.Morgan Riley (talk) 19:02, 20 March 2013 (UTC)

"Reduction"
Shouldn't there be a connection to Redox somewhere in there ? --Jerome Potts (talk) 16:01, 27 July 2014 (UTC)

Regulus
The disambiguation page for Regulus (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulus_(disambiguation) ) links to this page, specifically, the end product of metallic ore smelting, but the word "regulus" occurs nowhere in the article.

Regulus, the metallic form of antimony

Regulus, the end-product of metallic ore smelting

Regulus, an alchemical symbol (variously 🜲, 🜳, 🜴, or 🜵) for the regulus-producing process

It is also mentioned in the first chemical equation/diagram at https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Beguin, referring to "metallic antimony," although there is some clear overlap between the meanings. Nateguimondart (talk) 16:40, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Smelting


text:
Caustic (mathematics)

In differential geometry, a caustic is the envelope of rays either reflected or refracted by a manifold. It is related to the concept of caustics in geometric optics. The ray's source may be a point (called the radiant) or parallel rays from a point at infinity, in which case a direction vector of the rays must be specified.

More generally, especially as applied to symplectic geometry and singularity theory, a caustic is the critical value set of a Lagrangian mapping (π ○ i) : L ↪ M ↠ B; where i : L ↪ M is a Lagrangian immersion of a Lagrangian submanifold L into a symplectic manifold M, and π : M ↠ B is a Lagrangian fibration of the symplectic manifold M. The caustic is a subset of the Lagrangian fibration's base space B.

Explanation
Concentration of light, especially sunlight, can burn. The word caustic, in fact, comes from the Greek καυστός, burnt, via the Latin causticus, burning.

A common situation where caustics are visible is when light shines on a drinking glass. The glass casts a shadow, but also produces a curved region of bright light. In ideal circumstances (including perfectly parallel rays, as if from a point source at infinity), a nephroid-shaped patch of light can be produced. Rippling caustics are commonly formed when light shines through waves on a body of water.

Another familiar caustic is the rainbow. Scattering of light by raindrops causes different wavelengths of light to be refracted into arcs of differing radius, producing the bow.

Catacaustic
A catacaustic is the reflective case.

With a radiant, it is the evolute of the orthotomic of the radiant.

The planar, parallel-source-rays case: suppose the direction vector is $$(a,b)$$ and the mirror curve is parametrised as $$(u(t),v(t))$$. The normal vector at a point is $$(-v'(t),u'(t))$$; the reflection of the direction vector is (normal needs special normalization)
 * $$2\mbox{proj}_nd-d=\frac{2n}{\sqrt{n\cdot n}}\frac{n\cdot d}{\sqrt{n\cdot n}}-d=2n\frac{n\cdot d}{n\cdot n}-d=\frac{

(av'^2-2bu'v'-au'^2,bu'^2-2au'v'-bv'^2) }{v'^2+u'^2}$$ Having components of found reflected vector treat it as a tangent
 * $$(x-u)(bu'^2-2au'v'-bv'^2)=(y-v)(av'^2-2bu'v'-au'^2).$$

Using the simplest envelope form
 * $$F(x,y,t)=(x-u)(bu'^2-2au'v'-bv'^2)-(y-v)(av'^2-2bu'v'-au'^2)$$
 * $$=x(bu'^2-2au'v'-bv'^2)

-y(av'^2-2bu'v'-au'^2) +b(uv'^2-uu'^2-2vu'v') +a(-vu'^2+vv'^2+2uu'v')$$
 * $$F_t(x,y,t)=2x(bu'u-a(u'v+uv')-bv'v)

-2y(av'v-b(uv'+u'v)-au'u)$$
 * $$+b( u'v'^2 +2uv'v -u'^3 -2uu'u -2u'v'^2 -2uvv' -2u'vv)

+a(-v'u'^2 -2vu'u +v'^3 +2vv'v +2v'u'^2 +2vuu' +2v'uu)$$ which may be unaesthetic, but $$F=F_t=0$$ gives a linear system in $$(x,y)$$ and so it is elementary to obtain a parametrisation of the catacaustic. Cramer's rule would serve.

Example
Let the direction vector be (0,1) and the mirror be $$(t,t^2).$$ Then
 * $$u'=1$$  $$u=0$$   $$v'=2t$$   $$v=2$$   $$a=0$$   $$b=1$$
 * $$F(x,y,t)=(x-t)(1-4t^2)+4t(y-t^2)=x(1-4t^2)+4ty-t$$
 * $$F_t(x,y,t)=-8tx+4y-1$$

and $$F=F_t=0$$ has solution $$(0,1/4)$$; i.e., light entering a parabolic mirror parallel to its axis is reflected through the focus.

title: Caustic (mathematics)


text:
Montrose F.C.

Montrose Football Club is a Scottish semi-professional football team, based in the town of Montrose, Angus. The club was founded in 1879. They are members of the Scottish Professional Football League and currently play in Scottish League One, the third tier of football in Scotland.

Early years
The first Montrose Football Club was formed on 25 February 1871 after a meeting of local young men seeking to organise the practice of the 'national game of football' on the Links of Montrose. The variety of football played at the time did not resemble the modern game and was more akin to rugby. Friendly matches amongst club members and townsfolk, Montrose Academical, Arbroath and Aberdeen University were played over the next few years before the club was dissolved. On 8 September 1877, a new football club was formed at a meeting at Montrose Academy.

During the new club's annual meeting on 13 October 1879 at the Town's Buildings, the committee unanimously resolved to change the rules of the club to those of General Association, with an association rules match amongst club members played later that week on 18 October 1879.

The club played their first external association rules match against Arbroath Wanderers on 8 November 1879. Given the fact that the Montrose side were unfamiliar with new rules of the game, the team unsurprisingly lost 4–0. They are the 18th oldest association football team in Scotland still in existence.

Montrose first played on the Links before eventually moving to the first Links Park, which was situated to the east of Dorward House. The original Links Park was not considered to be suitable for football and the club moved to the present-day Links Park in 1887 on land rented from the 'Auld Kirk'.

Montrose made their Scottish Cup debut in 1887 with a 5–7 win away to Broughty. By 1890, Montrose had one of the stronger teams in the Scottish game. In the intervening years since the club's formation, they had beaten Aberdeen and played several teams from the West of Scotland such as Dumbarton, Third Lanark Volunteers and Glasgow Thistle.

In 1891, Alex 'Sandy' Keillor became the first Montrose player to receive a Scotland cap in a call-up for their win against Wales in Wrexham. Keillor received one more cap during his time at Montrose, scoring the opening goal in a 3–2 victory over Ireland in Belfast during the 1891–92 British Home Championship. Fellow 'Gable Endie' George Bowman was also capped in that match. To this day, Bowman and Keillor remain the only players to be selected for Scotland whilst playing for Montrose.

George Bowman also captained Montrose to their first piece of silverware, the Forfarshire Cup, with a 5–3 win over Dundee East End in the 1892 final at West Craigie Park.

In 1921, Montrose won the Scottish Qualifying Cup after defeating Nithsdale Wanderers 2–1 in the second replay of the final at Ibrox.

They joined the Scottish Football League in 1923, along with near-neighbours Brechin City, in the newly founded Third Division. In 1923–24 they achieved a creditable fourth-placed finish. However, the following season Montrose finished at the bottom of the table, and despite signs of a recovery in 1925–26, lost their league place when the Third Division was scrapped owing to the financial difficulties experienced by many of the member clubs. Montrose are one of only two teams from the sixteen teams in the 1925–26 Third Division who are still competing today in the SPFL.

The club was re-admitted to the Second Division in 1929–30. In the 1930s, the first few league seasons after re-admission were difficult, with the club regularly finishing in the bottom four of the table. Montrose did however reach the quarter-finals of the 1929–30 Scottish Cup, drawn away to eventual winners Rangers. Perhaps the best result of that difficult decade came in the 1938–39 Scottish Cup, when in the first round, Montrose sensationally knocked out holders East Fife by a 2–1 scoreline at Bayview Park.

Post-war Period
In the immediate postwar period, Montrose spent time playing in the newly formed Division C, consisting of provincial clubs and some first division reserve sides. In the 1947–48 Scottish Cup Montrose played Celtic at Celtic Park in the quarter-finals, losing 4–0. With the re-formation of the Second Division in 1955–56, the club once again joined that league.

Halcyon Days

The club's halcyon period was the mid-1970s when, under player-manager Alex Stuart, Montrose reached third place in the old First Division, and were a feared and respected cup side, notably reaching the semi-final of the 1975–76 Scottish League Cup and the quarter-finals of the Scottish Cup in 1972–73 and 1975–76 - to this day their best performances in both respective cups. In the second round of 1974–75 Scottish Cup, Montrose recorded their largest victory in modern times when they beat Vale of Leithen 12–0. Although this was an "away" fixture, due to a fire at their oppositions ground this tie was played at Links Park. In the 1975–76 Scottish Cup quarter-final, Montrose were only 90 seconds away from a famous victory in front of over 8,000 spectators at Links Park against Hearts, until an injury time equaliser from Graham Shaw sent the match to a replay. If Montrose had beat Hearts, they would have potentially earned a match-up against Lokomotive Leipzig in the 1976–77 European Cup Winners' Cup as probable Scottish Cup runners-up.

Montrose won their first championship under the guidance of Iain Stewart in 1984–85, as they triumphed in the old Second Division. Relegation followed in 1987 as the part-time club found themselves outgunned in a league largely consisting of full-time teams.

The 1990s
Under co-managers Doug Rougvie and Chic McLelland, Montrose won promotion to Division One in 1991, after finishing as runners-up to Stirling Albion, but were relegated after one further season in the higher league.

Montrose have spent the vast majority of their recent history in the relative obscurity of the Third Division. At the end of the 1994–95 season, they were promoted to the Second Division after finishing second behind champions Forfar Athletic. However, the team's first attempt at this higher level was not successful, as they finished bottom of the table in 1995–96.

21st Century
In the second round of the 2003–04 League Cup, Montrose were drawn away to SPL side Hibernian where they were crushed 9–0.

Following a disappointing beginning to 2005–06 season, manager Henry Hall left the club by mutual consent, shortly followed by assistant Ian Gilzean. Former Montrose player Eddie Wolecki was appointed new manager of the team on 12 December 2005. In July 2006 Aberdeen businessman Kenny Black invested money in the club and was offered a place on the board which he accepted. David Robertson (ex Aberdeen, Rangers and Leeds United player) became co-manager with Wolecki, but the latter parted company with the club in September 2006. Following a very poor run of results David Robertson left the club in early 2007, replaced in time by ex-St Johnstone stalwart Jim Weir, assisted by experienced defender Kevin McGowne.

Links Park underwent a transformation ahead of the 2007–08 campaign. A new artificial pitch was laid, so the game on 21 April 2007 was the last game on grass for the foreseeable future. A smaller training pitch was installed beside the main stand. New state of the art catering facilities and changing rooms were also installed. The fortunes of the club on the pitch also improved with several big name signings and a great start to the season propelled Montrose into the top four for the majority of the season. Montrose came in third in the league and were pitted against Stranraer in the Second Division playoffs. A 1–1 draw in the first leg at Links Park, was followed by a second leg in which Montrose went down 3–0. They were thus confined to the Third Division for yet another season.

The 2008–09 pre-season was very quiet and few new signings were made; rumblings of discontent and rumours of behind the scenes fighting were proved to be true as boss Jim Weir was sacked by the Board after a 2–1 defeat to Cowdenbeath with six months still to run on his contract. U17's boss Steve Adam took the reins before ex-Dundee United and Celtic defender David Hannah became caretaker boss. Hannah left the club in mid-December after a poor defeat to Cowdenbeath. During this game, fans made their feelings felt after Hannah threatened a fan and criticised the away support from the previous week after the dreadful 5–0 defeat away at East Stirlingshire. Director of Football Kenny Black took the reins over the Christmas period until Montrose appointed Steven Tweed as player-manager. During January many of the players from Jim Weir's reign were shipped out and a number of new loanees appeared. Things began to gel and Montrose won six out of their last nine games with a smaller, much younger squad who narrowly missed out on the playoffs.

The 2009–10 season began terribly for the Montrose faithful, with the team failing to win any Division Three matches at all up to 16 January. However, the club reached the 2009–10 Scottish Cup fifth round, where they were defeated by Hibernian at Easter Road. On 10 April, Brian Winton stepped down as chairman. The club finished bottom of the Third Division for the first time in eleven years.

2011 saw Steven Tweed finally step down due to work commitments with the RBS. Ray Farningham & Stuart Garden were given the job of leading the team till the end of the season however the board moved quickly to secure the pair on two year contracts. In the final game of the season popular player Hugh Davidson chose to retire from the game.

During the 2012–13 season, Montrose faced Rangers four times in the league due to the latter's financial troubles and subsequent placement into the Scottish Third Division. Montrose managed to draw both home and away matches against the Glasgow team but lost the other two encounters. The home games attracted crowds of over 4,500 at Links Park. Notably, Montrose's 4–2 home defeat against Rangers was televised on ESPN, marking the first live televised match for Montrose.

At the end of the 2014–15 season, Montrose came last in League Two, but maintained their status in the SPFL after a 3–2 aggregate win in a play-off against Highland Football League champions Brora Rangers. Two goals in the second half of the home leg by Marvin Andrews and Gary Wood saved the club from dropping into non-league football.

Stewart Petrie Era
Stewart Petrie was appointed manager in December 2016 after the sacking of Paul Hegarty a month earlier due to a run of poor performances, which led to the club sitting bottom of League Two. The appointment of Petrie vastly improved the fortunes of the team, achieving a 4th-place finish at the end of season and qualification for the League One playoffs for the first time in nine years. Montrose ended up losing 4–1 on aggregate to Peterhead in the playoff semi-final.

The 2017–18 season was more notable for altogether happier reasons. Montrose were promoted as League Two champions finishing one point ahead of Peterhead, who had pushed them all the way to the last game. This saw Montrose end 22 consecutive seasons in Scotland's fourth tier.

After promotion, Petrie continued to steer the club in a favourable direction in League One, achieving top four finishes and Championship playoff spots for four consecutive seasons. Montrose also reached the round of 16 of the 2020–21 Scottish Cup, their best performance in over a decade, losing to Kilmarnock 3–1 at Rugby Park in the fourth round. Their third-place finish in the 2021–22 League One season was the highest for the club in the Scottish football league system since their 12th-place finish in the 1985–86 old First Division.

During the 2023–24 season, Montrose had three matches televised live on BBC Alba, including a 3–2 win over Queen of the South at Palmerston Park.

Rivalries
Montrose share a strong rivalry with local side Arbroath, and matches between the two are usually intense and widely anticipated by both sides. Montrose also share local rivalries with fellow Angus sides Brechin City and Forfar Athletic, with games played by two of any of these teams (including Arbroath) being known as Angus derbies.

Executive

 * Chairman: John Crawford
 * Vice-chairman: Michael Fotheringham
 * Chief executive officer: Peter Stuart
 * Club secretary: Brian Petrie
 * Finance director: Iain Bridges
 * Directors: Peter Davidson, Barry O'Neill, Andy Stirling
 * Associate directors: Andrew Stephen, Tracy Park, Ross Thomson
 * Operations manager: Martin Johnston
 * Honorary president: John F. Paton
 * Honorary vice-president: Malcolm Watters

Coaching staff

 * Manager: Stewart Petrie
 * Assistant manager: Ross Campbell
 * First-team coaches: Iain Campbell, Seán Dillon
 * Goalkeeping coach: David Larter
 * Club doctor: Gareth Strachan
 * Chartered physiotherapist: Gemma Collier
 * Sports scientist: Chris Simpson
 * Sports therapist: Iain Cooper
 * Kitmen: Robert Ogg, Neil McIntosh

League

 * Scottish Football League Second Division (third tier):
 * Winners: 1984–85
 * Runners-up: 1990–91
 * Scottish Football League Third Division / Scottish League Two (fourth tier):
 * Winners: 2017–18
 * Runners-up: 1994–95
 * Northern League
 * Winners: 1903–04
 * Runners-up: 1891–92
 * Forfarshire County League (Carry Cup)
 * Winners: 1894–95, 1910–11
 * Runners-up: 1897–98

Cup

 * Scottish Qualifying Cup:
 * Winners: 1921
 * Scottish Qualifying Cup Midlands:
 * Winners: 1947
 * Scottish Qualifying Cup South:
 * Runners-up: 1948
 * Forfarshire Cup:
 * Winners (10): 1891–92, 1921–22, 1926–27, 1931–32, 1932–33, 1951–52, 1961–62, 1972–73, 1991–92, 2001–02
 * Runners-up: 1902–03, 1903–04, 1907–08, 1912–13, 1929–30, 1935–36, 1954–55, 1986–87, 2002–03, 2007–08
 * Forfarshire Charity Cup:
 * Winners: 1892–93, 1894–95, 1896–97
 * Runners-up: 1888–89, 1889–90

Club records

 * Best league position: 3rd in First Division, 1975–76
 * Best Scottish Cup performance: Quarter-finals, 1929–30, 1947–48, 1972–73, 1975–76
 * Best League Cup performance: Semi-finals, 1975–76
 * Record home attendance: 8,983 v Dundee, Scottish Cup Quarter-final, 17 March 1973.
 * Biggest victory: 18-2 v Dundee Hibernian, Forfar County League, 11 May 1895
 * Heaviest defeat: 13–0 v Aberdeen 'A', Scottish Division C, 17 March 1951
 * Most appearances: 500, Les Barr
 * Most goals: 165, Bobby Livingstone
 * Most capped player: Alex Keillor, 2 caps for Scotland
 * Record transfer fee paid: £25,000 to Elgin City for Kane Hester, May 2023
 * Record transfer fee received: £50,000 from Hibernian for Gary Murray, December 1980

International capped players
Bold denotes player still actively playing international football.

In November 2022, former Montrose forward, Martin Boyle was named as a member of the Australia squad at the 2022 World Cup. He is only the third former Montrose player to have also been a member of a World Cup squad, with the others being Jimmy Rooney, a member of the Australia squad at the 1974 World Cup, and Marvin Andrews, a member of the Trinidad and Tobago squad at the 2006 World Cup. Unfortunately, both Boyle and Andrews sustained injuries prior their respective World Cups and thus Rooney is the only former Montrose player to actually play in the World Cup.

Other notable players
''Bold denotes player still actively playing with the club. Those in italics are inductees in the Montrose Hall of Fame.''
 *  Les Barr
 * 🇳🇱 Ivo den Bieman
 *  Dennis D'Arcy
 *  Hugh Davidson
 * Seán Dillon
 *  Harry Johnston
 *  Bobby Livingstone
 *  Colin McGlashan
 *  Chic McLelland
 *  Gary Murray
 *  John Sheran
 *  Ian Stewart
 *  Alex Stuart
 * Graham Webster

title: Montrose F.C.


text:
Bitch (magazine)

Bitch was an independent, quarterly alternative magazine published in Portland, Oregon. Its tagline described it as a "feminist response to pop culture", and it was described in 2008 by Columbia Journalism Review as "a respected journal of cultural discourse". As a feminist publication, it took an intersectional approach.

Bitch was published by the nonprofit feminist media organization Bitch Media. The magazine included analysis of current political events, social, and cultural trends, television shows, movies, books, music, advertising, and artwork. Its print magazine had about 80,000 readers. The magazine's publisher, Kate Lesniak, estimated that it had an online readership of 4.5 million. On April 12, 2022, it was announced that Bitch Media would cease operations in June 2022.

Founding
The first issue of Bitch was a ten-page feature, Bitch: Feminist Response to Pop Culture, which started as a zine distributed out of the back of a station wagon in 1996, published in January 1996 in Oakland, California. The founding editors, Lisa Jervis and Andi Zeisler, along with founding art director Benjamin Shaykin, wanted to create a public forum in which to air thoughts and theories on women, gender, and feminist issues, interpreted through the lens of the media and popular culture. In a 2008 interview, Zeisler stated that the zine published content of interest to the editors and which wasn't available elsewhere. Prior to founding the magazine, Jervis and Zeisler had worked as interns at Sassy, another feminist magazine.

Later speaking about the decision to name the magazine "Bitch", Zeisler stated that it was inspired by reclamation of the word 'queer' by the LGBT community. The editors viewed the word 'bitch' as associated with a derogatory description of outspoken women so thought it best to claim the word in advance." Other reasons for the name included its capability to intrigue people, and the word's use as both a verb and a noun. Zeisler stated that: "Having the word 'feminist' in the magazine subtitle has been far more controversial than having the word 'bitch' in the title... the word 'bitch', for better or worse, has become part of our cultural lexicon. Yet 'feminist' is still one of those words that people find very hard to understand."

Expansion
In 2001, a loan from San Francisco's Independent Press Association allowed Jervis and Zeisler to quit their current jobs and work on Bitch full-time and the magazine officially became a non-profit. Around that time, Shaykin left the magazine. By the early 2000s, the magazine had achieved a readership of about 35,000, which grew to 47,000 by 2006.

The magazine was the subject of an obscenity controversy when it published a dildo advertisement on its back cover for its Fall 2002 issue. Responses to this were mixed, and Bitch later published varying opinions about the incident from letters sent by readers. Later interviewed about the events, Zeisler expressed that there had been a certain naivety about the impact of placing the advert on the back cover. The U.S. Postal Service contacted the magazine and stated that copies of the issue would be considered obscene literature and would have to be distributed in black polybags.

Bitch celebrated its 10th anniversary in August 2006 by publishing a Bitch anthology entitled BITCHfest: Ten Years of Cultural Criticism from the Pages of Bitch Magazine. Edited by Bitch founders Jervis and Zeisler, BITCHfest includes essays, rants and raves, and reviews reprinted from previous issues of Bitch magazine, along with new pieces written especially for the anthology.

In March 2007, Bitch relocated from its offices in Oakland, California, to Portland, Oregon. In 2009, the Bitch nonprofit changed its name to Bitch Media, covering expansion beyond publication of the magazine. The magazine's 50th issue was published in 2011. That same year, Bitch won an Utne Reader Independent Press Award for Best Social/Cultural Coverage.

In 2011, Bitch partnered with feminist media critic Anita Sarkeesian to create the video series Tropes vs. Women. The series examined common tropes in the depiction of women in media with a particular focus on science fiction. As of 2012, Bitch hosted the Bitch YA Book Club for young women and girls, which focused on young adult literature. The reading group's online blog included a forum for club participants.

Bitch Media also hosted podcasts, and a college speaker series, "Bitch on Campus". "Popaganda" was hosted by Amy Lam and Sarah Mirk, who discussed politics, news, and media. "Backtalk" was hosted by Amy Lam and Dahlia Balcazar, who reviewed and discussed the week in popular culture through a feminist lens.

Decline and closure
Bitch Media experienced difficulty funding its magazine in its final years. On April 12, 2022, Bitch Media announced they would be shutting down the publication after 26 years. The magazine's last issue was released in June 2022, for its Summer edition. Bitch Media ceased all operations the same month. According to Bitch Media, its website would keep archives of its publications available for the "foreseeable future".

title: Bitch (magazine)


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Category:Digital audio

Digital audio is sound (often music or speech) which is recorded (born-digital) or converted from analog sources and stored in a digital format. Digital audio can be stored on a variety of storage media, including compact disc, audio CD, audio DVD, DAT tape, or as a computer file. Playing equipment decodes the stored signal.

In recent years, the music industry has seen a series of changes, for example from analogue cassette players to portable mp3 players to smartphones and other mobile devices. Today, music is often downloaded from the Internet in MP3 format and similarly compressed formats. It is often stored on portable storage devices or played directly from the cloud.

title: Category:Digital audio


text:
Nordic Games

The Nordic Games were the first international multi-sport event that focused primarily on winter sports, and were held at varying intervals between 1901 and 1926. It was organized by Sweden's Swedish Central Association for the Promotion of Athletics, and more specifically by Viktor Balck, a member of that association and one of the five original members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It was, in many ways, a precursor to the modern Winter Olympic Games, whose success was a contributing factor (along with the social and economic turmoil following World War I) to the Nordic Games's discontinuation in the 1920s.

History
The Nordic Games began in Stockholm in February 1901, after being conceived in 1899 by the Swedish Central Association for the Promotion of Sports (SCFIF) led by Viktor Balck, a well-known Swedish sports figure. He is quoted as saying, "Above all we placed the national goal of rendering a service to the fatherland and bringing honor to our country." The Nordic Games have now become a national concern for our entire people." They were held every four years thereafter through 1926. Many believe that this event led to the implementation of the Winter Olympics as we know them today. The Nordic Games began as an effort to bolster both Swedish national sentiment along with Swedish tourism. The Nordic Games featured not only the snow and ice related sports that the country excelled in but also showcased Swedish cultural events such as theatre, opera and folklore. Tourist attractions were also highlighted.

Games through the years
Similar games were held in Helsinki in Finland in 1907. According to some sources these were Nordic Games, but it is unclear whether they were formally named Nordic Games or not.

Sports
The Nordic Games consisted of the winter sports that were popular in Scandinavia at the time, such as ski jumping, downhill racing, cross-country skiing, skeleton, speed skating, figure skating, hockey (which at the time was a term used for bandy) and curling. Some non-winter sports were also included like fencing, swimming and a long-distance equestrian ride. Many other sports that are rarer or less commonly thought of as winter sports today were also included, such as horse-driven sledding, glima, hunting, skiing behind reindeer (a.k.a. skijoring), military sports, car racing, motorcycle racing, ballooning, kick-sled, and pulka racing.

Bandy results
The sport of bandy was featured at the Nordic Games beginning in 1901. The final match in 1901 was the second real bandy match played in Sweden. The first took place between the same teams earlier the same year and was won by Stockholm 4-1.

As many as 16 teams took part in the 1905 game.

In the 1909 game, AIK participated as "Swedish Football Association A", while the "B-team" was beaten in the final which consisted of players from IFK Uppsala, Djurgårdens IF, IFK Gävle, IFK Stockholm and The Sea Cadets. On the way to the final, AIK defeated the Copenhagen Skating Association 3-0.

In 1913, seven teams participated and IFK Helsinki was responsible for the non-Swedish element. The Finns lost however, already in the quarterfinals with 4-2 against the final winners AIK. Even a German team, Leipziger HK, would have participated in 1913, but was absent because the event clashed with the 1913 European Bandy Championships (Bandy-EM) in Switzerland. The 1913 European Bandy Championships had been won by England and had six more participating nations: Germany, Switzerland, Italy, France, Belgium and Holland.

Denmark's Bandy Union participated in the 1917 tournament and came fourth (out of six teams) after losing their matches with 0-13 (Stockholm, semifinals) and 0-16 (Västmanland, match for third prize). The Danes were also invited to the 1922 game, but despite an unusually bandy-friendly winter in Denmark that year, they abstained.

During the Nordic Games in 1917, the bandy SM semi-finals and final were also decided as part of the arrangements.

In 1922 it was a national team tournament and Sweden beat Norway 13-1 in the semifinals in the first meeting between the two countries. Because the Norwegians at that time played 7-man a side bandy, a match was also arranged between Norway and a Stockholm by combining it into a smaller one, the variant. It was this match that Stockholmers won 7-2.

In the last Nordic Games in 1926, the bandy tournament existed between provincial teams with Norway as foreign element.

Ties to Winter Olympics
The Nordic Games were one of the first to lead to international championships in winter sports. For example, the skating championships raised the international appeal of the Nordic Games. Viktor Balck, the founder of the Nordic Games, was also a charter member of the International Olympic Committee and a president of the International Skating Union. He is credited with holding the ISU together through the end of World War I. He also established the World Championship Events for Ladies and Pairs, who were not recognised before this. Balck was known as the ISU president with the longest tenure of 30 years of any president before him. He was elected the first honorary president of the ISU. All of his participation helped the Olympics take hold. The Winter Olympics as we know it today began in Chamonix, France in 1924. Prior to this time, some winter sports such as figure skating and ice hockey were held during the Summer Olympics.

Decline
The Nordic Games mainly included only competitors from the Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Sweden, and Norway. These countries ended up opposing the establishment of a separate Winter Olympics because it would take away from their nationalistic efforts. Sweden and Norway had political differences during this time which led Norway to cease participation in the games, which caused some controversy. After Viktor Balck died in 1928, there was no one to champion the cause, particularly after the 1930 games had to be cancelled due to a lack of snow. The Winter Olympics turned out to be highly successful right from the beginning and their international appeal overshadowed the Nordic Games.

title: Nordic Games


text:
Peterhead F.C.

Peterhead Football Club are a football club based in Peterhead, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. They currently play in Scottish League Two, after being relegated in the 2022–23 season.

History
The club was founded in 1891. The club was a Highland League club for most of its history.

The club were granted league status in 2000 when the SPL was expanded to twelve clubs leaving two places to be filled; Elgin City joined them in the Third Division from the Highland League.

Jim McInally was appointed on 7 October 2011 following the sacking of John Sheran on 23 September 2011 after the side won one game in 17 matches.

On 20 January 2013, Peterhead hosted Rangers, a game watched by 4,855 spectators. This remains Balmoor's all-time record attendance, with approximately 400 more fans than the previous fixture.

On 18 April 2014, Peterhead clinched their first trophy as a Scottish Football League club by winning the Scottish League Two title, beating Clyde 2–0 at Broadwood Stadium.

On 14 November 2015, Peterhead reached their first cup final since leaving the Highland League, beating Queen's Park to reach the Scottish Challenge Cup final. The club were beaten 4–0 by Rangers at Hampden Park.

Ground
Peterhead's home ground is Balmoor, which has a capacity of, of which around 1,000 are seated.

Rivals
Peterhead's traditional rivals are the Highland League team Fraserburgh; however, since their election to the Scottish Football League in 2000 this rivalry has waned; they now have a new rivalry with Elgin City.

Honours
Scottish League Two Champions: (2) 2013–14, 2018–19

Scottish Challenge Cup Runners-up: (1) 2015–16

Highland League Winners: (5) 1946–47, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1988–89, 1998–99

Highland League Cup Winners: (5) 1962–63, 1965–66, 1967–68, 1980–81, 1988–89

Scottish Qualifying Cup (North) Winners: (6) 1946–47, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1985–86, 1997–98

Aberdeenshire Cup Winners: (20) 1905–06, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1946–47, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1958–59, 1962–63, 1964–65, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1984–85, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1998–99

Aberdeenshire Shield Winners: (2) 1998–99, 2009–10

Scottish Week Challenge Cup Winners: (3) 2011, 2012, 2013

Club records
Biggest win: 17–0 v Fort William 1998

Biggest home defeat: 0–10 v Fraserburgh 1974

Biggest away defeat: 0–13 v Aberdeen (Scottish Cup in 1923–24)

Record home attendance (Recreation Park): 8,643 v Raith Rovers (Scottish Cup, 25 February 1987)

Record home attendance (Balmoor Stadium): 4,885 v Rangers (Third Division, 20 January 2013)

Coaching staff

 * Co-managers: Jordon Brown and Ryan Strachan
 * First team coaches: Jamie McNee and Rory McAllister
 * Goalkeeping coach: Barry Thomson
 * Physiotherapist: Donal Gallagher

Board

 * Chairman: Rodger Morrison
 * Vice-chairman: Leslie Hill
 * Director: Charlie Watt
 * Youth and community liaison: Nat Porter

Managers

 * Colin Grant (1976–1980)
 * Dennis D'Arcy (1980–1981)
 * Joe Harper (1981–1982)
 * Dave Smith (1982–1983)
 * Jim Hamilton (1983–1990)
 * George Adams (1990–1991)
 * Jim Guyan (1991–1993)
 * Ian Wilson (1993–1994)
 * David Watson (1994–1995)
 * Ian Wilson (1995–1998)
 * Ronnie Brown (1998–2000)
 * Ian Wilson (2000–2004)
 * Iain Stewart (2004–2006)
 * Steve Paterson (2006–2008)
 * Neale Cooper (2008–2011)
 * John Sheran (2011)
 * Jim McInally (2011–2022)
 * David Robertson (2022–2023)
 * Jordon Brown Ryan Strachan (2023–present)

* Prior to Colin Grant's appointment the team was picked by committee.

title: Peterhead F.C.


text:
Talk:Pigma Dengar

Pigma's name is supposed to be a joke about Japanese dialects. What is it, exactly? - Furrykef 22:43, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pigma Dengar


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Poodlefaker (0th nomination)

Poodlefaker was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was TRANSWIKI to Wiktionary.

Silly dicdef/neologism. Also the other page, where is it; poodlefakery Dunc_Harris|☺ 22:43, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: It's the new SNAG (sensitive new age guy), or the new Metrosexual, or the new.... Yeah, it's slang, dictdef, ephemeral.  Geogre 00:42, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Ping's work is good and an heroic effort at rescue. I like the etymology.  I wish I could change my vote, but I think it's still pretty much a dictionary definition.  (Fascinating: a fakir for the poodles.  Great stuff.  I hope you also put that at Wiktionary.) Geogre 00:47, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Perhaps this is inappropriate in an encyclopaedia. But can you forward me to a better site for it? None seem worth the bother. (the originator)
 * See urban dictionary, everything 2, wiktionary (but check out the lasts guidelines on slang). Dunc_Harris|☺ 19:38, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Author: take another look at the article, please. I think, with some history of the term and some broadening out into new uses, it might well be Wiktionary.  Good luck, and please don't mistake our deletion of this entry as a lack of desire for your contributions. Geogre 00:47, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. One of the best dicdefs I've seen in a while, but it's still a dicdef, and I can't see how to make an article out of it. Andrewa 01:56, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * copy edit, transwiki to wiktionary, delete from wikipedia. -- Jmabel 03:52, Aug 7, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


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Illocutionary act

The concept of illocutionary acts was introduced into linguistics by the philosopher J. L. Austin in his investigation of the various aspects of speech acts. In his framework, locution is what was said and meant, illocution is what was done, and perlocution is what happened as a result.

When somebody says "Is there any salt?" at the dinner table, the illocutionary act is a request: "please give me some salt" even though the locutionary act (the literal sentence) was to ask a question about the presence of salt. The perlocutionary act (the actual effect), might be to cause somebody to pass the salt.

Overview
The notion of an illocutionary act is closely connected with Austin's doctrine of the so-called 'performative' and 'constative utterances': an utterance is "performative" if, and only if it is issued in the course of the "doing of an action" (1975, 5), by which, again, Austin means the performance of an illocutionary act (Austin 1975, 6 n2, 133). According to Austin's original exposition in How to Do Things With Words, an illocutionary act is an act:
 * (1) for the performance of which I must make it clear to some other person that the act is performed (Austin speaks of the 'securing of uptake'), and
 * (2) the performance of which involves the production of what Austin calls 'conventional consequences' as, e.g., rights, commitments, or obligations (Austin 1975, 116f., 121, 139).

Thus, for example, in order to make a promise I must make clear to my audience that the act I am performing is the making of a promise, and in the performance of the act I will be undertaking a conventional obligation to do the promised thing: the promisee will understand what it means to make a promise and fulfill it. Thus, promising is an illocutionary act in the present sense. Since Austin's death, the term has been defined differently by various authors.

One way to think about the difference between an illocutionary act (e.g., a declaration, command, or a promise), and a perlocutionary act (e.g., a listener's reaction) is to note how in the former case, by uttering the object — for example, "I hereby promise you" — (and assuming that all other necessary features of the performative situation pertain), then the act has taken place: a promise was made. The perlocutionary result (how the promisee reacts) might be acceptance, or skepticism, or disbelief, but none of these reactions alter the illocutionary force of the statement: the promise was made.

That is to say, in each case a declaration, command, or promise has necessarily taken place in virtue of the utterance itself, whether the hearer believes in or acts upon the declaration, command, or promise or not.

On the other hand, with a perlocutionary act, the object of the utterance has not taken place unless the hearer deems it so — for example, if one utters, "I hereby insult you," or "I hereby persuade you" — one would not assume an insult has necessarily occurred, nor persuasion has necessarily taken place, unless the hearer were suitably offended or persuaded by the utterance.

Approaches to defining "illocutionary act"
Whereas Austin used "performative" to talk about certain kinds of utterances as having "force," his term "illocution" rather names a quality or aspect of all utterances. They will have a locutionary sense or meaning, an illocutionary force, and a perlocutionary result. This approach has encouraged the view that even true/false constative statements have illocutionary force (as in "I hereby state and affirm") and even performatives can be evaluable as true/false statements (as "guilty" verdict might be right or wrong). It is also often emphasised that Austin introduced the illocutionary act by means of a contrast with other aspects of "doing" by "speaking." The illocutionary act, he says, is an act performed in saying something, as contrasted with a locutionary act, the act of saying something, and also contrasted with a perlocutionary act, an act performed by saying something. Austin, however, eventually abandoned the "in saying" / "by saying" test (1975, 123).

According to the conception adopted by Bach and Harnish in 'Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts' (1979), an illocutionary act is an attempt to communicate, which they analyse as the expression of an attitude. Another conception of the illocutionary act goes back to Schiffer's book 'Meaning' (1972, 103), in which the illocutionary act is represented as just the act of meaning something.

According to a widespread opinion, an adequate and useful account of "illocutionary acts" has been provided by John Searle (e.g., 1969, 1975, 1979). In recent years, however, it has been doubted whether Searle's account is well-founded. A wide-ranging critique is in FC Doerge 2006. Collections of articles examining Searle's account are: Burkhardt 1990 and Lepore / van Gulick 1991.

Classes of illocutionary acts
Searle (1975) set up the following classification of illocutionary speech acts: The classification is intended to be exhaustive but the classes are not mutually exclusive: John Austin's well-known example "I bet you five pounds it will rain" is both directive and commissive.
 * assertives = speech acts that commit a speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition
 * directives = speech acts that are to cause the hearer to take a particular action, e.g. requests, commands and advice
 * commissives = speech acts that commit a speaker to some future action, e.g. promises and oaths
 * expressives = speech acts that express on the speaker's attitudes and emotions towards the proposition, e.g. congratulations, excuses and thanks
 * declarations = speech acts that change the reality in accord with the proposition of the declaration, e.g. baptisms, pronouncing someone guilty or pronouncing someone husband and wife

Illocutionary force
Several speech act theorists, including Austin himself, make use of the notion of an illocutionary force. In Austin's original account, the notion remains rather unclear. Some followers of Austin, such as David Holdcroft, view illocutionary force as the property of an utterance to be made with the intention to perform a certain illocutionary act—rather than as the successful performance of the act (which is supposed to further require the appropriateness of certain circumstances). According to this conception, the utterance of "I bet you five pounds that it will rain" may well have an illocutionary force even if the addressee doesn't hear it. However, Bach and Harnish assume illocutionary force if, and only if this or that illocutionary act is actually (successfully) performed. According to this conception, the addressee must have heard and understood that the speaker intends to make a bet with them in order for the utterance to have 'illocutionary force'.

If we adopt the notion of illocutionary force as an aspect of meaning, then it appears that the (intended) 'force' of certain sentences, or utterances, is not quite obvious. If someone says, "It sure is cold in here", there are several different illocutionary acts that might be aimed at by the utterance. The utterer might intend to describe the room, in which case the illocutionary force would be that of 'describing'. But she might also intend to criticise someone who should have kept the room warm. Or it might be meant as a request to someone to close the window. These forces may be interrelated: it may be by way of stating that the temperature is too cold that one criticises someone else. Such a performance of an illocutionary act by means of the performance of another is referred to as an indirect speech act.

Illocutionary force indicating devices (IFIDs)
Searle and Vanderveken (1985) often speak about what they call 'illocutionary force indicating devices' (IFIDs). These are supposed to be elements, or aspects of linguistic devices which indicate either (dependent on which conceptions of "illocutionary force" and "illocutionary act" are adopted) that the utterance is made with a certain illocutionary force, or else that it constitutes the performance of a certain illocutionary act. In English, for example, the interrogative is supposed to indicate that the utterance is (intended as) a question; the directive indicates that the utterance is (intended as) a directive illocutionary act (an order, a request, etc.); the words "I promise" are supposed to indicate that the utterance is (intended as) a promise. Possible IFIDs in English include: word order, stress, intonation contour, punctuation, the mood of the verb, and performative verbs.

Illocutionary negations
Another notion Searle and Vanderveken use is that of an 'illocutionary negation'. The difference of such an 'illocutionary negation' to a 'propositional negation' can be explained by reference to the difference between "I do not promise to come" and "I promise not to come". The first is an illocutionary negation—the 'not' negates the promise. The second is a propositional negation. In the view of Searle and Vanderveken, illocutionary negations change the type of illocutionary act.

title: Illocutionary act


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Burning Empires

Burning Empires is an EP from VNV Nation. It contains remixes and alternate versions of tracks from their popular album Empires, plus the "Standing" single. It is a limited edition release of 4,700 copies. The album was made available on the iTunes Music Store, as well as on Napster and Amazon MP3 Downloads.

"Further" and "Radius²" were the only entirely new tracks on Burning Empires. "Lastlight" was a remix of "Firstlight"/"Arclight" from Empires. The exclusive version of "Savior" has a full vocal track (the previously released album version is an instrumental).

A cover of "Further" by the band LifeForce was used in the video game Iji, and while not released on any CD, it was made available for public download.

"Standing" was ranked #1 on the German Alternative Charts (DAC) Top 100 Singles of 2000.

title: Burning Empires


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Cove Rangers F.C.

Cove Rangers Football Club is a senior Scottish football club currently playing in Scottish League One. They are based in the Altens area of Aberdeen and play their football at Balmoral Stadium, having left their former home at Allan Park, Cove Bay in April 2015.

History
Cove were formed in 1922 and played in the local amateur leagues until 1985, when they became a junior team. However, the club applied and were accepted to the senior Highland Football League in 1986, where they played until winning promotion to Scottish Football League division 2 in May 2019, after beating Berwick Rangers 7–0 on aggregate in the pyramid playoff. They have also racked up a formidable reputation in the lower rounds of the Scottish Cup, reaching the 3rd round three times. In 2001 they won their first Highland League championship – but even more impressively won the 'treble' of Highland League, Aberdeenshire Shield and Scottish Qualifying Cup.

In the 2007–08 season, Cove reached round four of the Scottish Cup for the first time, beating Brora Rangers away 5–0, Keith 3–0 and Edinburgh University 1–0 on the way, before losing 4–2 to Ross County.

However, the south Aberdeen side claimed their second ever Highland League Championship with a 3–0 home win against Lossiemouth on 3 May 2008.

Cove Rangers were one of the clubs who prepared an application for entry into the Scottish Football League following Gretna relinquishing their league status on 3 June 2008. The other clubs were Annan Athletic, Preston Athletic and Spartans. Annan Athletic were eventually awarded the place, due to their superior facilities.

One of the club's most famous players is the young Scottish midfielder Paul Coutts who joined English League One club Peterborough United during the summer of 2008 for a nominal fee. Coutts won the club's Young Player of the Year award for the 2008–09 season and won eight caps for the Scotland under-21 squad, after being touted for a call up by his former manager Darren Ferguson.

In 2016 the club regained their Highland League crown. Due to the introduction of the 'pyramid system' in Scottish football, Cove elected to say goodbye to their Allan Park home due to the stadium not meeting SPFL minimum stadia requirements. This in turn meant the club played all of their games at an away ground with Inverurie Locos, Formartine United and Banks O'Dee offering the use of their facilities so the club could compete. Cove went on to win the league and advance to the first play-off game against the winner of the Lowland League, Edinburgh City. The tie was won by City 4–1 on aggregate who subsequently progressed to Scottish League Two after beating East Stirlingshire in the second playoff tie.

Back to back promotions and rise to League One
In the 2018–19 season they were promoted to SPFL League Two for the first time in their history after defeating Berwick Rangers 7–0 on aggregate in the League Two play-off.

In their first season in the SPFL, they won League Two after the season was terminated early due to the Coronavirus pandemic. This resulted in back-to-back promotions for Cove, with the club gaining promotion to SPFL League One for the first time.

Promotion to the Championship
In their first League One campaign, Cove narrowly lost out on promotion by 4 points to eventual winners Partick Thistle, finishing 3rd in the League and losing 4–3 on aggregate to Airdrieonians in the Play-offs.

In the 2021–22 season, Cove won the League One title by 7 points, only losing 3 league games all season, securing promotion to the Scottish Championship for the first time in their history.

The 2022–23 Championship season saw Cove go into their final match against Greenock Morton one point ahead of Hamilton Academical at the bottom, however a 1–2 defeat at a foggy Balmoral Stadium coupled with a goalless draw for Hamilton at Arbroath meant that both Cove and Hamilton finished level on points but Cove were relegated to League One after just one season due to an inferior goal difference.

Stadium
From 1948 to 2015, Cove played at Allan Park, which was located in Cove. The ground had a capacity of 2300 spectators, with 200 on seats or benches. Its largest attendance was 2,100, in the league playoff in 2008–09 vs Deveronvale which they won 3–1 to lift the league title for the third year running. Allan Park was named after a local farmer, who sold the club the land on which they built the ground in 1948.

On Friday, 30 July 2010, an article was placed in the local Aberdeen paper, the Evening Express that Stewart Milne, the chairman of Aberdeen F.C., had bought Allan Park. This scheme was thrown into doubt, however, when Aberdeen City Council rejected an application by the two clubs to build a new ground for Cove Rangers that Aberdeen would also have used as a training ground. Nevertheless, on 18 April 2015, Cove Rangers played their final game at Allan Park following progress being made with Aberdeen City Council in terms of planning permission. In this game Cove marked their departure with a 4–0 victory over Fort William. Allan Park had been bought by housing developers for a figure believed to be around the £3m mark. The sale also included a social club, also owned by the football club, which closed its doors the following day.

Cove then began construction of their revised new stadium. The new facility, known as 'Balmoral Stadium' is located in Altens, next to a new secondary school, with the merging of Kincorth and Torry Academies into one larger school. In a clause made by Aberdeen City Council, this new school will have access to the new stadium's artificial pitch.

In July 2018, Cove moved into the Balmoral Stadium, having played home games at Inverurie Loco Works' ground in the intervening period. The first match at the Balmoral Stadium took place on 16 July 2018, but had to be abandoned after a Cove player was seriously injured.

Honours

 * Scottish League One
 * Winners: 2021–22
 * Scottish League Two
 * Winners: 2019–20
 * Highland Football League
 * Winners (7): 2000–01, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2012–13, 2015–16, 2017–18, 2018–19
 * Highland League Cup
 * Winners (6): 1994–95, 1999–00, 2004–05, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2018–19
 * Aberdeenshire Cup
 * Winners (3): 2001–02, 2010–11, 2018–19
 * Aberdeenshire Shield
 * Winners (4): 1990–91, 2000–01, 2008–09, 2017–18
 * Scottish Qualifying Cup (North)
 * Winners (2): 1990–91, 2000–01
 * Aberdeenshire League
 * Winners (6): 2000–01, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15
 * Inter-League Trophy
 * Winners: 2001–02
 * North Junior League First Division
 * Winners: 1985–86

Technical staff

 * Football manager: Paul Hartley
 * Coach: Gary Hake
 * Goalkeeping coach: Derek Soutar
 * Performance analyst: Rhys Sutcliffe
 * Kit manager: Ian Sellar
 * Physiotherapist: Charlotte Clark

Management

 * Honorary president: Alan McRae
 * Chairman: Keith Moorhouse
 * Vice-chairman/finance director: Graeme Reid
 * Director: Darren Anderson
 * Director: Grant Moorhouse
 * Commercial manager: Angela Bruce
 * Head of media & communications: Richard Gordon
 * Director of football: John Sheran

The club's honorary president Alan McRae served as SFA president from 2015 to 2019.

title: Cove Rangers F.C.


text:
Deveronvale F.C.

Deveronvale Football Club are a senior association football club currently playing the Highland Football League in Scotland. They were founded in 1938 and play their football at the Princess Royal Park in the town of Banff, (formerly Banffshire, now officially Aberdeenshire), Scotland.

The club was formed in 1938 when Deveron Valley and Banff Rovers joined, five years after the demise of the previous senior club in the town, Banff F.C. The name comes from the River Deveron, which has its mouth at Banff.

After they were formed, it took them one year to get into the Highland League. In August 1939, Deveronvale played their first league game. Their first win came a month later. In 1948 Deveronvale signed James ‘Jimmy’ Williamson from Dunipace Juniors, Jimmy would go on to play for Deveronvale for 7 years and in the process set the record for highest number of individual goals in the Highland League at 197 goals. The crest of Deveronvale FC was designed during the early 1970s by local school teacher, Mr. Chris Murray. He chose a 'heraldic' seagull to represent the twin fishing towns of Banff and Macduff.

In 2003 the Vale won the Highland League title for the first time in their history and repeated this feat once more three years later.

Due to them being a senior team, they can play in the Scottish Cup. In the 2006–07 season, Deveronvale made it into the fourth round of the Scottish Cup after a 5–4 defeat of Third Division side Elgin City, before going out at home to First Division side Partick Thistle.

In the 2011–12 season, Deveronvale entered the Scottish Challenge Cup for the first time.

The club celebrated its 80th anniversary in the 2018–19 season.

Technical Staff

 * Manager: Garry Wood
 * First-team coach: Grant Noble
 * Goalkeeping coach: Mikey Grant
 * Assistant coach: Pat McPherson
 * Head of Youth Development: Kevin Stewart
 * Sports therapist: Andrea McIntosh
 * Sports therapist: Rachel Mair
 * Kit Man: Lenny Binnie

Club Management

 * Chairman: Jim Mair
 * Board of Directors:
 * Peter Bruce (Finance Director)
 * Mark Watson (Director)
 * Amanda Allan (Director + Child Welfare & Protection Officer)
 * Stuart Wilson (Commercial Director)
 * Executive Secretary: Stewart McPherson

Hall of Fame
The club launched a Hall of Fame as part of the club's 80th anniversary celebrations in 2019, with the following inductees honoured:

 * Eddie Bruce
 * Stewart McPherson
 * Jim Leighton

The intention is that one or more inductees will be considered every year.

Honours

 * Highland Football League: 2002–03, 2005–06
 * Aberdeenshire Cup: 1947–48, 1950–51, 1951–52, 1961–62, 1965–66, 2000–01, 2006–07, 2011–12
 * Aberdeenshire Shield: 1994–95, 2002–03
 * Scottish Qualifying Cup (North): 1951–52, 2001–02
 * Bells Cup (East): 1977–78

title: Deveronvale F.C.


text:
Forres Mechanics F.C.

Forres Mechanics Football Club are a senior Scottish association football club from the town of Forres, Moray, currently playing in the Highland Football League. They play at the town's Mosset Park. Forres Mechanics are the oldest association football club in the North of Scotland and are one of only two original teams to play in the Highland League since its first season in 1893, the other being Clachnacuddin.

History
Their unusual name is variously stated to come from the town's Mechanics Institute or most likely when a group of craftsmen or mechanics split from an earlier Forres team to form their own club. Forres Mechanics have won the Highland league twice: in the 1985–86 season and in the 2011–12 season.

On 26 November 2016, Forres Mechanics played their most high-profile match in recent years when they held League One side Stenhousemuir to a 2–2 draw in 2016–17 Scottish Cup, however they lost 3–1 in the replay. During the 2020–21 season, which was greatly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, Forres withdrew from the Highland League before returning the following season.

Honours

 * Highland Football League: 1985–86, 2011–12
 * League Cup: 1946–47, 1954–55, 1984–85, 1998–99, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2009–10
 * North of Scotland Cup: 1907–08, 1926–27, 1935–35, 1957–58, 1966–67, 1986–87, 2004–05, 2010–11
 * Inverness Cup: 1985–86, 1989–90, 2005–06
 * Scottish Qualifying Cup (North): 1963–64
 * Scottish Supplementary Cup (North): 1954–55
 * Elgin District Cup: 1892–93, 1893–94, 1894–95, 1899–1900, 1900–01, 1904–05, 1908–09, 1910–11, 1911–12, 1926–27, 1932–33, 1933–34
 * Elginshire Charity Cup: 1901–02, 1902–03, 1907–08, 1908–09, 1910–11, 1911–12, 1912–13

Management

 * Manager: Steven MacDonald
 * Assistant Manager: Steven MacLean
 * Coach: Fraser Bremner

title: Forres Mechanics F.C.


text:
Fort William F.C.

Fort William Football Club is a senior football team from Fort William, Lochaber, Scotland. They play in the North Caledonian Football League having been relegated from the 2021–22 Highland Football League.

Origins and the early years
The club was founded in 1974 by then chairman Colin Neilson and started out playing mainly friendlies and cup competitions, such as the Scottish Qualifying Cup, the North of Scotland Cup and the Inverness Cup.

This lasted for 11 years, before they joined the North Caledonian League in 1983. The club enjoyed much success in their two-year spell in the North Caledonian League. They won both the Chic Allan Cup and Morris Newton / SWL Cup in successive seasons, while also winning the Football Times Cup and finishing as runners-up in the league in the 1983–84 season. However, the season after, 1984–85, they won the division outright, making it their only league championship victory to date.

Ever since forming in 1974, the club had tirelessly campaigned for entry into the Highland League, but were rejected many times before they were admitted to the North Caledonian League in 1983. After significant success in their brief spell in the NCL, the club were finally given entry to the Highland League, and began life there in the 1985–86 season.

Fort William played their first-ever Highland League match against nearest rivals Clachnacuddin in a game which The Fort won, with striker Gordon MacIntyre scoring their maiden Highland League goal in a 1–0 home win. Later that season, they recorded their highest-ever attendance of 1,500 when they entertained Scottish Football League side Stirling Albion in the Scottish Cup 2nd round, holding them to a 0–0 draw, before losing 6–0 in the replay at Annfield a week later.

Prior to the days of the Highland League and the North Caledonian League, the club produced, arguably, their most famous player to date. In the late 1970s, John McGinlay made his senior debut for Fort William at the age of 14, coming on as a substitute in a North of Scotland Cup tie with now Scottish Professional Football League side Elgin City (formerly of the Highland League). At the age of 17, he moved to Nairn County, and would later go on to play in the Premier League with Bolton Wanderers and eventually represent Scotland. He was childhood friends with another, now former, professional footballer Duncan Shearer, who also hailed from Fort William.

Recent times
The club was unable to build upon their relatively competitive start to life in the Highland League, and gradually, season-by-season, began to struggle to the point where they had finished bottom in 14 of the 18 seasons between 1996–97 and 2013–14. Their struggles included a record 17–0 away defeat in 1998, to now Scottish League One side Peterhead. Despite this, The Fort did not finish bottom that season, with the wooden spoon going to Nairn County. In the 2008–09 season, they accumulated only a solitary point from 28 matches, making it the Highland League's record lowest points total since its inception.

During the 2008–09 season, an exciting future appeared forthcoming, when television producer and former Lochaber resident, Paul MacDonald, unveiled his vision for the football team. In conjunction with his American Entertainment company, PMAC Tonight, he planned to create a reality TV series based around the toiling team. The premise was to import some of the best young American talent from college campuses across the USA, in an attempt to take Fort William "From Worst to First", in what was envisaged to be the ultimate underdog story. However, after much initial media hype, the project failed to materialise.

The club formerly fielded a reserve side in the North Caledonian Football League, but were forced to disband this team prior to the 2011–12 season due to a lack of playable pitches in the Fort William area – something that has always plagued the club. They were, however, able to set up an Under 19s team, which was formed with the sole purpose of participating in the Scottish Youth Cup.

In January 2015, the club made history when it recorded four consecutive league victories for the first time since joining the Highland League, after a 2–1 success over Clachnacuddin.

The club's continuing presence in the Highland League was threatened in early 2018 as all six directors announced they would be stepping down at the end of the season. However, despite a poor season (picking up just five points and conceding over 180 goals), it was announced that Fort William would continue its involvement for the 2018–19 season.

Five games into the 2018–19 season and still pointless, the club was deducted nine points by the Highland League after fielding an ineligible player on three occasions. They finished the season with no wins and two draws from their 34 games, ending on −7 points. This led to them being dubbed "The worst football team in Britain".

In July 2019, Scottish Championship club Inverness Caledonian Thistle loaned nine players to Fort William in order to both prepare the youngsters for professional football and bolster the Fort William squad.

On 31 July 2019, Fort William won their first competitive match in 707 days when they defeated Nairn County 5–2 in a North of Scotland Cup tie, ending a 69-game run without a victory. This win came one day after BBC Scotland broadcast The Fort, a documentary on the club's winless run. After another winless month, Fort William finally recorded their first league win in 882 days on 11 September, with a 1–0 home win against Clachnacuddin.

In the 2021–22 season, Fort William finished bottom of the table and were relegated to the North Caledonian League after forfeiting their play-off match against North Superleague side Banks O' Dee F.C.

Honours

 * North Caledonian League
 * Champions: 1984–85
 * Football Times Cup
 * Winners: 1983–84
 * Chic Allan Cup
 * Winners: 1983–84, 1984–85
 * Morris Newton / SWL Cup
 * Winners: 1983–84, 1984–85

League positions
All final positions are from the Highland League.

Claggan Park

Their ground, Claggan Park, has a capacity of 1,800 – and is sometimes regarded as one of the most picturesque grounds in the United Kingdom, mainly due to the views of the nearby Ben Nevis mountain range.

Claggan Park consists of standing areas on all sides of the pitch, with one 'rustic' stand that can seat 200 spectators. To date, the record attendance is 1,500 – recorded in a 1985 Scottish Cup 2nd round tie against Scottish League side Stirling Albion.

Often during the autumn and winter months, many home matches are postponed (usually due to a waterlogged pitch) – a consequence of the heavy rainfall the town experiences.

title: Fort William F.C.


text:
Tactical Neural Implant

Tactical Neural Implant is the sixth full-length studio album by electro-industrial artists Front Line Assembly. Third Mind Records originally released it in 1992 on both compact-disc and LP formats. The album has also been issued by Roadrunner in a two-disc set that includes the Millennium album.

The album contains what some reviewers regard as some of Front Line Assembly's best songs, including the singles "The Blade" and "Mindphaser". The album still receives heavy play in industrial and electronic music dance clubs and is considered "a classic among clubgoers, DJs, and musicians even now."

Musical style and writing
Tactical Neural Implant veers away from the more abrasive elements found on the Caustic Grip album. Vocals, while heavily effected, are often paired with vocoders and more melodic elements of which can be heard on the drum and bass opening of "The Blade", the latter parts of "Bio Mechanic" and the overall composition of "Lifeline". Like on earlier releases, Front Line Assembly worked with multi-layered samples.

Tactical Neural Implant is an example how the band's side projects influence the writing of Front Line Assembly songs. "We got some ideas for FLA songs during the Intermix sessions, for example, Outcast", said Rhys Fulber to Electric Shock Treatment Magazine. "We keep everything separate because we want to keep the visions of each separate", he continued, "It's nice to work on a bunch of things and then do a new FLA album. [...] It keeps us interested [...] I think you can grow musically during a short period of time if you do lots of different things. [...] On the FLA album we were spending six hours a day at least on it."

"Mindphaser"
"Mindphaser" is the first single taken from Tactical Neural Implant. The single was released April 7, 1992, on Third Mind. It includes two versions of the title track and the tracks "Toxic" and "Mutilate" that were also released as bonus tracks on the Japanese edition of the album. A promotional music video for "Mindphaser" won "Best Alternative Video" at Much Music's 1992 Canadian Music Video Awards. The award-winning video was directed by Robert Lee and produced by Gary Blair Smith and took two months to make. The video depicts Front Line Assembly inserted into clips of the Japanese science fiction film Gunhed. The Japanese film company let Front Line Assembly use any footage of the film in exchange for the right to use any changes the band would make for themselves. The video also received airplay on MTV. "Mindphaser" was voted the sixth greatest industrial song of all time by COMA Music Magazine in their feature article "101 Greatest Industrial Songs of All Time".

After having won the award, Front Line Assembly shed some light on the production of the video on MuchMusic. Bill Leeb considered their approach to writing to be quite unconventional. "I was shown some footage first", said Leeb, "we actually wrote the song to the footage. Also the lyrics were written to the footage." "There was a lot of brainstorming between us and the people involved in the video", added Rhys Fulber. According to the band it was rather the images than the actual plot of the film the video clip is based on that inspired writing. "The actual storyline is kind of hard to follow because it's all in Japanese obviously", Fulber explained. Although "even just visually it's hard to follow [...] it's just the imagery we found quite amazing." Leeb commented on concerns that the imagery might push the music into the background. "A lot of times videos actually wreck songs" by pushing the listener in a direction, he said. In contrast, "this way it worked hand in hand really well."

Lyrically, "Mindphaser" is an example of what S. Alexander Reed calls Front Line Assembly's many references to "industrial music's intellectual heritage". "Mindphaser" borrows a few lyrics from industrial band Clock DVA's song "The Hacker", which appeared on their 1989 album Buried Dreams.

The single was re-released in 1998 through Zoth Ommog on the compilation album The Singles: Four Fit.

"The Blade"
"The Blade", the second single from the album, was released through Third Mind in two versions with different artwork. The North American version contains four tracks, namely two versions of "The Blade" and non-album tracks "Re-Animate" and "Laughing Pain". The European version is an eight-track single and features the songs of the North American version along with two additional remixes of "The Blade" and additional non-album tracks "Target" and "Heatwave". "Laughing Pain" is featured on the soundtrack of 1999 American horror film The Blair Witch Project. "The Blade (Technohead)" made it on the list of the favourite dance remixes of music magazine The Quietus in 2014.

Release
Tactical Neural Implant sold more than 70,000 copies. It was the first Front Line Assembly album to be officially released in Japan.

In October 2019, Canadian label Artoffact started a crowdfunding campaign in order to obtain the album licenses and to re-release the album on vinyl on May 4, 2020.

In 2022, American independent record label Wax Trax! Records issued a 30th anniversary edition of the album on vinyl that was remastered by Greg Reely.

Critical reception
Tactical Neural Implant is widely viewed as one of Front Line Assembly's best releases. Theo Kavadias of Allmusic said, "Front Line Assembly, one of the premiere electro-industrial acts, has done much to help define what the genre is about. Tactical Neural Implant is one of the releases which has contributed most to this claim, setting a standard with its cool, calm, and collected electronic harmonies and driving bass." Billboard wrote, "Wisely, the act keeps the beats heavy, while continuing to explore loosely structured melodies and dark lyrical interludes." The song "Mindphaser" was ranked No. 6 on COMA Music Magazine's 101 Greatest Industrial Songs of All Time. Bill Leeb said the video for the song was the only one by the band to receive regular airplay on MTV. The blog io9 ranked Tactical Neural Implant among the "100 albums every science fiction and fantasy fan should listen to".

Front Line Assembly

 * Bill Leeb – production, keyboards, vocals
 * Rhys Fulber – production, programming, keyboards

Technical personnel

 * Greg Reely – engineering, additional production
 * Mike Landolt – assistant engineering
 * Dave Coppenhall – artwork, design
 * Brian Williams – photography

title: Tactical Neural Implant


text:
Fraserburgh F.C.

Fraserburgh Football Club is a senior football club based in Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire. The fishing port is known locally as 'The Broch' hence the club nickname. They currently play in the Highland Football League in Scotland and also enter the annual Scottish Cup.

History
The club were formed in 1910 and play at Bellslea Park. Prior to 1910, they played as a select side made up of the best players from the local amateur league. The club's colours (consisting of black and white stripes) were acquired from a local fish merchant who had links with Newcastle United, and the tradition has since been kept, with the traditional away kit consisting of a sky blue shirt, white shorts and sky blue socks. Fraserburgh's first ever match was an away tie in the Scottish Qualifying Cup against rivals Peterhead, which Fraserburgh won 3–1. In their very first season they went on to win the Aberdeenshire Cup, defeating Buckie Thistle at Pittodrie Stadium.

They were granted admission into the Highland Football League in 1921 and up until that time they competed in the Aberdeenshire Cup and Scottish Cup.

Fraserburgh's most famous victory was in the Scottish Cup on 31 January 1959, where they defeated Dundee, one of the top clubs in Scotland at the time, 1–0 at Bellslea Park. This is widely regarded as the biggest ever 'giant killing' shock in the Scottish Cup.

On 21 January 1970, the Fraserburgh lifeboat The Duchess of Kent was lost, being turned over by a freak wave approximately 40 mi from Fraserburgh while trying to escort the Danish fishing vessel Opal to safety. Only one of the six crew members survived. After the disaster, Jock Stein took his Celtic side to the Broch for a fundraising game, which Fraserburgh lost 7–0.

Another one of Fraserburgh's most memorable games was a 10–0 victory away to local rivals Peterhead in the Highland League Cup on 14 August 1974. They have always had a rivalry with Peterhead but as Peterhead got promoted into the Scottish league the rivalry has wavered somewhat.

During 1984, Charlie Duncan was named new manager due to Brian McCann's departure; he eventually went on to manage his 1,000th game in charge during October 2009 in a Scottish Cup tie against Bonnyrigg Rose. Duncan's tenure brought huge success to the club; becoming champions for only the third time in the club's history, winning the Highland League Cup for the first time in 47 years, the two Qualifying Cup wins in 1995–96 and 2006–07, as well as an Aberdeenshire Cup in 1996 and five Aberdeenshire Shield wins – 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996 and 1999. Duncan's tenure ended when he was sacked from the club in July 2011, after an eventful 27 years at the helm.

Fraserburgh are now the permanent holders of the Qualifying Cup (North), as they won the last competition at Princess Royal Park, Banff when they beat Keith 2–1 in November 2006, with goals from Marc Dickson and Michael Stephen.

The club has progressed to the fourth round (last 32) of the Scottish Cup twice, in 2013–14 when they lost 3–0 away to Stenhousemuir and in 2017–18 at home to Rangers where they also lost 3–0.

In 2022 Fraserburgh secured their fourth Highland League title – their first for 20 years. As champions, Fraserburgh progressed to the Pyramid Play-offs where they played Bonnyrigg Rose; losing 3–1 away and winning 1–0 at Bellslea, thus losing 3–2 on aggregate.

Also as a result of being Highland League champions, Fraserburgh qualified for the 2022–23 Scottish League Cup, being drawn in Group B with Kilmarnock, Montrose, Stenhousemuir, and Partick Thistle.

Stadium
The club's home ground is Bellslea Park. The capacity is 3,000 and the stand can hold 480 people.

Honours

 * Highland Football League: 1932–33, 1937–38, 2001–02, 2021–22
 * Highland League Cup: 1958–59, 2005–06
 * Aberdeenshire Cup: 1910–11, 1937–38, 1955–56, 1963–64, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1996–97, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2022–23
 * Aberdeenshire Shield: 1991–92, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1999–00, 2011–12, 2015–16, 2019–20, 2022–23
 * Scottish Qualifying Cup (North): 1957–58, 1995–96, 2006–07
 * Aberdeenshire League: 1922–23, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1937–38, 1950–51, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1997–98, 2022–23
 * Bells Cup (East): 1972–73, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1978–79

title: Fraserburgh F.C.


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Category talk:Presidents of Argentina

I want to bypass the redirect Marcelo T. de Alvear to Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, but every time I hit the edit button, all I get is a blank page with only the category list links on it. What's wrong? David Cannon 22:51, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Presidents of Argentina


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Huntly F.C.

Huntly Football Club are a senior football club, currently playing in the Highland League in Scotland. The club was founded in 1928 and plays at Christie Park in Huntly.

History
Huntly F.C. was formed in 1928. They were unanimously accepted to the Highland League at the league's AGM in June 1928. The club entered the league in season 1928–29 and the first game was against Inverness Thistle on Saturday 25 August 1928. In only its second league campaign, Huntly became only the third team outside Inverness to win the league, finishing two points ahead of closest rivals Elgin City and Inverness Thistle. However, the club would have to wait 64 years for another championship win and to a lot of supporters the greatest moment in the club's history. The club then won the Highland League in a record five successive seasons between 1993 and 1998.

In December 1975 the Referee's Committee of the Scottish Football Association ordered the closure of Christie Park for two months following an incident in which a referee was knocked to the ground by a supporter making his way home across the pitch after a match. The club were also fined £100 and ordered to have Police on duty at all future matches.

In January 2008 Huntly reached the 4th Round proper of the Scottish Cup following victories against Fraserburgh, Annan Athletic and Culter, and although drawn at home to Division 1 team Dundee, they eventually lost 1–3. In September 2009, the club became part of a match fixing probe after a 7–0 win against (then) East of Scotland side Hawick Royal Albert in a Scottish Cup tie. Suspicions arose due to alleged irregular betting patterns surrounding the final score and the awarding of a penalty to Huntly during the game. Nothing was proven and no further actions were taken.

Honours

 * Highland Football League
 * Champions: 1929–30, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98, 2004–05
 * League Cup
 * Winners: 1948–49, 1951–52, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96
 * Aberdeenshire Cup
 * Winners: 1960–61, 1985–86, 1991–92, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1999–00
 * Scottish Qualifying Cup (North)
 * Winners: 1992–93, 1994–95, 1996–97, 1999–00
 * SFA North Region Challenge Cup
 * Winners: 2007–08
 * Aberdeenshire League
 * Winners: 2016–17
 * Bells Cup (East)
 * Winners: 1971–72, 1974–75
 * Drybrough Cup (Highland League)
 * Winners: 1971–72

title: Huntly F.C.