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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 8, 2004

The Frankfurt School is a school of neo-Marxist social theory, social research, and philosophy. The grouping emerged at the Institute for Social Research (Institut für Sozialforschung) of the University of Frankfurt am Main in Germany in 1930. Responding to the rise of Nazism, they applied the theories of Marx to social conditions that Marx himself had never seen, drawing heavily on the work of Max Weber and Sigmund Freud to fill in Marx's perceived omissions. The Frankfurt School's Herbert Marcuse (photo) was sometimes described as the intellectual progenitor of the New Left. (more...)

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text: Category:German painters

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:German painters


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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 9, 2004

The Dreyfus Affair was a political cover-up which divided France for many years in the late 19th century. It centered on the 1894 treason conviction of Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish artillery officer in the French army. Dreyfus was, in fact, innocent: the conviction rested on false documents, and when high-ranking officers realised this they attempted to cover up the mistakes. The writer Emile Zola exposed the affair to the general public in the literary newspaper L'Aurore (The Dawn) in a famous open letter to the Président de la République Félix Faure, titled J'accuse! (I Accuse!) on January 13, 1898. In the words of historian Barbara W. Tuchman, it was "one of the great commotions of history". (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 10, 2004

Heavy metal is a form of rock music characterised by aggressive, driving rhythms, highly amplified guitars, and often dark thematic elements. Heavy metal is an evolutionary product of pop, blues and classical music. Its first wave, between 1967 and 1974, was a product of pop and blues, while the classical element came to the fore in the later 1970s. By approximately 1991 most heavy metal had evolved into other hard rock genres, notably grunge. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 11, 2004

The origins of the American Civil War lay in the complex problems of slavery, expansion, sectionalism, parties, and politics of the antebellum era. As territorial expansion forced the United States to confront the question of whether new areas of settlement were to be slave or free, as the power of the slaveholders in national politics waned, and as the North and the South developed starkly divergent economies and societies, the divisive issues of sectionalism catapulted the nation into the Civil War. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 12, 2004

A soap bubble is a thin film of soap water that forms a hollow spherical shape with an iridescent surface. Soap bubbles usually last for only a few moments and burst either on their own or on contact with another object. Due to their fragile nature they have also become a metaphor for something that is attractive, yet insubstantial. They are mostly used as a children's plaything, but their usage in artistic performances shows that they can be fascinating for adults too. Soap bubbles can help to solve complex mathematical problems of space, as they will always find the smallest surface area between points or edges. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 13, 2004

The game of Rock, Paper, Scissors is a whimsical hand game most often played by children. It is often used in a similar way to coin flipping, throwing dice or drawing straws to randomly select a person for some purpose, though unlike truly random selections it can be played with skill if the game extends over many sessions, because one can often recognize and exploit the non-random behavior of an opponent. Various sports, including ultimate frisbee, may use rock paper scissors to determine which team gets the opening play. It is also often used as a method for creating appropriately biased random results in live action role-playing games, as it requires no equipment. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 14, 2004

Paul Charles Morphy known as "The Pride and Sorrow of Chess", was generally considered to have been the strongest chess master of his time and an unofficial World Champion. He was also the first American since Benjamin Franklin to have been recognized as the pre-eminent world figure in an intellectual field, as well as the first recorded chess prodigy in history. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 15, 2004

Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning of the market for labour. Labour markets function through the interaction of workers and employers. Labour economics looks at the suppliers of labour services (workers), the demanders of labour services (employers), and attempts to understand the resulting pattern of wages, employment, and income. It is an important subject because unemployment is a problem that affects the public most directly and severely. Full employment (or reduced unemployment) is a goal of many governments. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 16, 2004

Titanium is a chemical element that has the symbol Ti and atomic number 22 in the periodic table. A light, strong, white-metallic, lustrous, corrosion-resistant transition metal, titanium is used in strong light-weight alloys and in white pigments. This element occurs in numerous minerals with the main sources being rutile and ilmenite. Titanium is a metallic element which is well known for its excellent corrosion resistance (almost as resistant as platinum) and for its high strength-to-weight ratio. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 17, 2004

Asperger syndrome is a condition related to autism and commonly referred to as a form of "high-functioning" autism. The term was coined by Lorna Wing in a 1981 medical paper; she named it after Hans Asperger, an Austrian psychiatrist and pediatrician whose work was not internationally recognized until the 1990s. Non-autistics possess a comparatively sophisticated sense of other people's mental states. Autists do not have this ability, and the individual with Asperger's can be every bit as "mind-blind" as the person with profound classical autism. (more...)

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Robert Orledge

Robert Orledge (born 5 January 1948) is a British musicologist who specialises in French music from the late 19th to early 20th centuries. A Professor Emeritus at the University of Liverpool, Orledge has published book-length studies on the composers Claude Debussy, Gabriel Fauré, Charles Koechlin and Erik Satie.

Life and career
Robert Orledge was born on 5 January 1948 in Bath, Somerset. After attending City of Bath Boys' School, he received a Bachelor of Arts (1968) and Master of Arts (1972) from Clare College, Cambridge. He received a PhD thesis from there with a study on Charles Koechlin, A Study of the Composer Charles Koechlin (1867–1950). Orledge became a professor of music at the University of Liverpool in 1991, having previously been a lecturer and senior lecturer there.

Orledge specialises in French music from the late 19th to early 20th centuries, particularly that of Claude Debussy, Gabriel Fauré, Charles Koechlin, Erik Satie and Germaine Tailleferre. He has written numerous articles and books on these figures, with a historical musicological-based approach.

Selected publications
Books

Articles and chapters

title: Robert Orledge


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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 18, 2004

The Ford Mustang is a popular compact car originally based on the Ford Falcon. It was later introduced to the North American public as a "1964 1/2" model both at the New York World's Fair and later via all three American television networks. It was the most successful product launch in automotive history, setting off near-pandemonium at Ford dealers across the continent. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 19, 2004

Trench warfare is a form of war in which both opposing armies have static lines of fortifications dug into the ground, facing each other. Trench warfare arose when there was a revolution in firepower without similar advances in mobility and communications. Whilst periods of trench warfare occurred during the American Civil War and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, it reached a peak of brutality and bloodshed on the Western Front in the First World War. (more...)

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Janelle Patton

Janelle Patton was a 29-year-old Sydney woman who was murdered on Norfolk Island on 31 March 2002. The case made national headlines in Australia and New Zealand, as she was the first person to be murdered on Norfolk Island since 1893.

Background and murder
Patton had initially relocated from Sydney, New South Wales, to Norfolk Island, an Australian territory to the northwest of New Zealand's North Island, in her late twenties; the move came after feeling dissatisfied and depressed with the state of her life on the mainland. Patton had stated to various friends and family that she simply wanted to "get away" from the chaos of life in a big city. In addition to personal and work prospects, the young lady was seeking a fresh start in her love life after a number of failed and tumultuous relationships in Sydney. One abusive ex-boyfriend had broken her jaw. With her sights set on Norfolk Island, Patton took a brief trip to the territory and secured a position working at one of the island's hotels, and an apartment.

It was later stated by Patton's family and friends on the island that she continued to be disappointed in the men she was seeing there. Allegedly, and whether she was aware of it or not, Patton had been dating at least one man who was already in a relationship; in a tense confrontation with an angry girlfriend, a woman reportedly slapped Patton across the face. At the time of her murder, Janelle was looking forward to a visit from her parents. Her parents' flight arrived from mainland Australia just one day before her murder; they stayed at a nearby hotel while Patton stayed at her apartment. It is unclear why her parents did not stay with their daughter.

Patton planned to take her parents to lunch the next day, after her morning hotel shift, saying she would stop by to pick them up by 1:00. The time came and went but she failed to show and did not contact anyone. Patton was last seen going on her morning walk before work along a coastal track near her home. She also appeared on CCTV from a grocery store. Her parents began searching that afternoon, bumping into one of her colleagues and, eventually, her landlady; neither had seen Patton since that morning. Later that evening, her parents decided to report her missing at the police station.

Soon after the Pattons reported their daughter missing, a woman's body matching Janelle's general description was discovered by two tourists from New Zealand. The body was discovered at Cockpit Waterfall Reserve, at the opposite end of the island from where Patton was last seen, wrapped in a large black plastic sheet. Janelle's identity was confirmed by her landlady, who wanted to spare her parents the sight of the body.

It was believed by medical examiners that Patton had fought against her attacker, as her body bore several defensive wounds, primarily to her hands. She apparently managed to grab onto the blade of the killer's knife in an attempt to stop the prolonged attack, her thumb nearly being severed. Various shards of broken glass, plastic, and sand were found in her hair and her body was covered in bruises, leading examiners to believe she was struck with a glass bottle or a metallic pole, or something similar. Patton had endured a long attack, suffering a broken pelvis and ankle as well as a fractured skull — the result of being stabbed with great force through her eyeball. She was also stabbed over 65 times. The ultimate cause of death was a stab wound to the chest that punctured her lung.

Arrest
The investigation into Patton's murder was protracted and difficult, although the main forensics were Patton's defensive wounds, the black sheet she was wrapped in, and pieces of green glass in her hair. Eventually, on 1 February 2006, Glenn Peter Charles McNeill, a 28-year-old chef from New Zealand, was arrested for her murder near the city of Nelson, on the South Island of New Zealand, after being identified by an Australian Federal Police investigation. He was subsequently extradited to Norfolk Island and formally charged with the crime. At the Norfolk Island Court of Petty Sessions McNeill claimed he had smoked marijuana that day and that he had accidentally run over Patton with his car, a statement he later retracted. He was transferred to Silverwater Correctional Centre in Sydney.

Trial
On 1 February 2007, McNeill formally went on trial for the murder. A press blackout was imposed by the judge, Chief Justice Mark Weinberg, to prevent any dilution of the limited potential jury pool in Norfolk Island. On 1 March 2007, McNeill told the Supreme Court, "I did not kill Janelle Patton", "I did not abduct her" and "I did not see Janelle Patton that day". He said he could not recall what he had told police earlier, but "would have admitted to anything" due to his mental health problems. The trial ended on 9 March 2007 when the 11-person jury returned a guilty verdict, although the question of motive and an explanation for unidentified female DNA found on the body remained unclear. On 25 July 2007, McNeill was sentenced to 24 years in prison by Chief Justice Weinberg in the Supreme Court of Norfolk Island sitting in Sydney.

Appeals
McNeill appealed his conviction to a Full Court of the Federal Court on grounds that included that his statement to the police should not have been admitted as evidence against him. The Full Court, Chief Justice Black, and Justices Lander and Besanko, dismissed his appeal. The High Court of Australia refused special leave to appeal on 14 November 2008.

Media

 * The case was covered by Bella Fiori - The Murder of Janelle Patton on 27 July 2021
 * The case was covered by Casefile True Crime Podcast on 3 December 2016.
 * The case was covered by Crime Investigation Australia on 28 April 2009.

title: Janelle Patton


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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 20, 2004

The Congo Free State was a private colony owned by Léopold II of Belgium between about 1877 and 1908. It included the entire area now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and was the scene of native heartbreak and European brutality, greed and genocide on a colossal scale. In 1908, after Léopold's activities had finally been exposed in the Western press, it became, at least in theory, an orthodox colony of Belgium, and known as the Belgian Congo. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 21, 2004

James Bulger was a toddler who was abducted and murdered by two ten year-old boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, on Merseyside, in the United Kingdom. The murder of a child by two other children caused an immense public outpouring of shock, outrage and grief, particularly in Liverpool and surrounding towns. At the boys' trial in November 1993 they received a minimum term of eight years detention. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 22, 2004

The art of ancient Greece has exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many countries from ancient times until the present, particularly in sculpture and architecture. In the West, the art of the Roman Empire was largely derived from Greek models. In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures, resulting in Greco-Buddhist art, with ramifications as far as Japan. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 23, 2004

DOOM is a first-person shooter computer game, developed by id Software and first released for the PC on December 10, 1993, later ported to various platforms and followed by two sequels and numerous expansions. DOOM was remarkable for its, by the standards of 1993, realistic 3D graphics. An important evolutionary step from Wolfenstein 3D (id Software's previous game and the first major first-person shooter), DOOM became a genre-defining title. In the light of its popularity, a surge of similar games followed during the mid-1990s. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 24, 2004

Hinduism is the oldest of the major world religions and first among Dharma faiths. Hinduism has a diverse array of belief systems, practices and scriptures. It has its origin in Vedic culture at least as far back as 2000 BCE. It is the third largest religion with approximately 1.05 billion followers worldwide, 96% of whom live in the Indian subcontinent. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 25, 2004

Assassin has come to mean someone who kills people selectively, usually for ideological or political reasons. The immediate motivation for an assassin may be money (in the case of a hit man), opposition to a person's beliefs or belief systems (in the case of a fanatic, for example), orders from a government (often carried about by a subversive agent such as a spy), or loyalty to a competing leader or group. Assassin, like companion terms such as terrorist and freedom fighter, are often considered to be loaded terms; however, the definition of assassin is clearer than others and most assassins appear, publicly, comfortable enough with their deed to describe it as such, whereas few would call themselves a terrorist. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 27, 2004

The postal system is a system for transporting objects, usually written documents typically enclosed in envelopes and also small packages containing other matter, around the world. Anything sent through the postal system is called mail or post. In principle, a postal service can be private or official. Restrictions are generally placed on private systems by governments. Since the 19th century, national postal systems have generally been established as government monopolies with postage (tax) on the article prepaid, often in the form of stamps. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 26, 2004

The 2004 Taiwanese presidential election was held on March 20, 2004. President Chen Shui-bian and Vice President Annette Lu of the Democratic Progressive Party were re-elected by a margin of less than 0.25% of valid votes over a combined opposition ticket of Nationalist Party Chairman Lien Chan and People First Party Chairman James Soong. Lien and Soong refused to concede and unsuccessfully challenged the results. (more...)

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text: Country codes: D–E

title: Country codes: D–E


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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 28, 2004

A beer is any of a variety of alcoholic beverages produced by the fermentation of starchy material derived from grains or other plant sources. The production of beer and some other alcoholic beverages is often called brewing. Historically, beer was known to the Sumerians, Egyptians, and Mesopotamians, and dates back at least as far as 4,000 BC. Because the ingredients used to make beer differ from place to place, beer characteristics (type, taste, and color) vary widely. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 29, 2004

Carlsbad Caverns National Park is a US National Park established to preserve Carlsbad Cavern and numerous other caves within a Permian-age fossil reef. Carlsbad Cavern, with one of the world's largest underground chambers and countless formations, is highly accessible, with both self-guided and a variety of ranger-guided tours offered year round. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/April 30, 2004

A space elevator is a hypothetical elevator that connects the surface of a planet with space. It would permit sending objects and astronauts to space at costs only a fraction of those associated with current means. Constructing one would, however, be a vast project, and the elevator would have to be built of a material that could endure tremendous stress while also being light-weight, cheap, and easy to manufacture. Today's technology does not meet these requirements without an unreasonable cost associated with construction, but optimists hold that the space elevator might become a reality in the near future. (more...)

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Mufi Hannemann

Muliufi Francis Hannemann (born July 16, 1954) is an American politician, businessman, and non-profit executive. He was elected twice as Mayor of Honolulu in 2004 and 2008. Hannemann has served as a special assistant in Washington, D.C., with the Department of the Interior, where he was selected for a White House fellowship in the Reagan administration under Vice President George H. W. Bush. He also served as chairman of the Honolulu City Council. He is the first person of Samoan descent and the second member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to serve as Mayor of Honolulu (Neal Blaisdell was the first).

Early life, education, and academic career
Muliufi Francis Hannemann was raised in the Honolulu community of Kalihi by his German-Samoan father, Gustav Arthur Tafu Tupulo Hannemann III, and Samoan mother, Faiaso Soli'ai, whose grandfather High Chief Muliufi Soliai was one of the original signatories to the deed of cession that transformed Eastern Samoa and the Manua Islands into the US Territory of American Samoa. He attended Fern, Puʻuhale and Kalihi Kai elementary schools up to the seventh grade before being accepted to the ʻIolani School with a scholarship. He graduated with honors and competed in basketball and American football. In the fall of 1972, Hannemann left the Hawaiian Islands to attend Harvard University where he was elected freshman class president and was varsity basketball letterman. Upon graduation from Harvard in 1976, Hannemann continued his studies as a Fulbright Scholar at Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand. He returned to Honolulu after his studies to become an educator at his alma mater, Iolani School. He was a history teacher and basketball coach.

Business career
In 1981, he took on advisory role on the board of the Schutter Foundation, a not-for-profit civil rights advocacy group started by Hawaii criminal defense attorney David Schutter. From 1984–1991 his business career was with C. Brewer & Co., at one time one of Hawaii's oldest agri-businesses. At Brewer, he was Vice-President of Corporate Development, Marketing and Public Affairs. He is also the Principal and Founder of MFH Enterprises, a professional consulting firm that does business in Hawaii, the mainland US and the Pacific Rim. In July 2015, he returned to his former position in Hawaii's number one industry, tourism, as the CEO and President of the Hawaii Lodging and Tourism Association. HLTA is the state's largest private visitor industry organization and he previously served as the organization's leader from 2010–2011.

Carter administration
After his teaching career, Hannemann entered government service as a special assistant to President Jimmy Carter, working with the United States Department of the Interior.

Ariyoshi administration
Hannemann was appointed by Governor of Hawaii George Ariyoshi as a special assistant.

1986 congressional election
In 1986, Hannemann ran for the First District in the U.S. House that was being vacated by Cecil Heftel, who sought the governorship that year. Hannemann won the Democratic primary election but lost the special election to fill Heftel's unexpired term to Neil Abercrombie. He again lost in the general election to Republican candidate Pat Saiki.

Bush administration
He then served as staff assistant to Vice President George H. W. Bush.

1990 congressional election
In 1990, he ran for Congress again, this time for the Second District seat vacated by Daniel Akaka, who was eventually elected to the U.S. Senate. He lost the Democratic primary to Patsy Mink, who eventually won the seat.

Waihee administration
Hannemann would again be tapped for government service in 1991, appointed by Governor John D. Waiheʻe III as Chairman of the Hawaii Pro Bowl Host Committee, Chairman of the Task Force on Homeporting, Director of the Hawaii Office of International Relations and Director of the Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism.

Clinton administration
Having directed various state agencies of the Government of Hawaii, Hannemann was appointed by President Bill Clinton to serve at the federal level once again as United States Representative to the South Pacific Commission.

Honolulu City Council
In 1994, Hannemann was elected to the Honolulu City Council representing Aiea and Pearl City, and in 1996 he founded the Pacific Century Fellows Program modeled after the White House Fellows Program. He was re-elected to his seat in 1998. He served as Council Chairman from 1998 to 1999. Differences in opinion with then-Mayor Jeremy Harris led to his resignation from the Council in 2000 to run against Harris. Harris won re-election in the September 2000 non-partisan election with enough votes to avoid a run-off that November.

Bush administration
In the administration of President George W. Bush, Hannemann served in the United States Department of Labor as a member of the President's Council on the 21st Century Workforce.

Mayor of Honolulu
In 2004 Hannemann again ran for Mayor, this time to replace Harris, who was unable to seek a third full term as Mayor due to term limits. His opponent was former City Council colleague Duke Bainum. The race was considered one of the fiercest and most expensive in the city's history, with both candidates sharply criticizing the other's stands and character. Bainum received the most votes in the September election, but failed to receive the necessary majority to avoid a run-off against Hannemann. In November, Hannemann narrowly won the election with a margin of about 1,300 votes out of nearly 300,000 cast.

Hannemann was sworn in as mayor on January 2, 2005. In his first State of the City address, Hannemann pledged to concentrate on fiscal restraint and basic city services, claiming a contrast between himself and his predecessor. One of his major accomplishments as mayor was overseeing the planning for the Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project, which will provide a rail transit system for Honolulu. The project eventually became a major issue when Hannemann came up for reelection in 2008, with his odds of success tied to public perception of it.

He is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, an organization formed in 2006 and co-chaired by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and Boston mayor Thomas Menino. He served as the Chair of the Tourism, Arts, Parks, Entertainment, and Sports Committee of the U.S. Conference of Mayors.

Hannemann was longlisted for the 2008 World Mayor award.

In 2009, Hannemann was sworn into his second term as mayor of Honolulu by Bode Uale.

2010 gubernatorial election
On July 20, 2010, Hannemann resigned his position as mayor to compete in the 2010 Hawaii gubernatorial election. City Managing Director Kirk Caldwell assumed the position of interim mayor until a special election was held to determine a permanent replacement. On September 18, 2010, Hannemann lost the Democratic primary to Neil Abercrombie by approximately twenty-one percentage points.

2012 congressional election
Hannemann announced his intention to run for Hawaii's 2nd Congressional district seat on August 30, 2011. The incumbent, Mazie Hirono, vacated the seat to run for the U.S. Senate seat then held by Daniel Akaka, who did not seek reelection in 2012. He lost the primary election to Tulsi Gabbard on August 11, 2012, by approximately twenty percentage points.

2014 gubernatorial election
After considering a run for Republican nomination, Hannemann was an independent candidate for Governor, finishing third out of four candidates in the general election with 11.6% of the vote.

2020 Honolulu mayoral election
On May 31, 2020, Mufi Hannemann announced that he would be filing nomination papers to run for Honolulu Mayor again. On August 8, Hannemann conceded after finishing fifth in a field of 15 with only 9.92% of the primary vote.

Personal life
Hannemann stands 6 ft in height. His brother Nephi Hannemann is a well known Polynesian actor and singer. His cousin, Jacob Hannemann, is a baseball player.

title: Mufi Hannemann


text:
Chicken fight

Chicken fight, also known as shoulder wars, is an informal game, often played in a lake or swimming pool, characterized by one team member sitting on the shoulders of his or her teammate or riding piggy-back. The object of the game is to knock down or separate an opposing team through team effort. The person on top is considered to be the "attacker" while the person below is considered to be the "vehicle". The person below may not use arms or hands and must rely on momentum to attack by running into the other team. The person on his/her shoulders is the "attacker" and may use any means possible of separating the other team or knocking them to the ground. If a team is separated or knocked down in any way, they are required to resign from the game and the last team to remain together is considered the winner. It is not uncommon for this game to be banned in swimming pools due to safety concerns.

A similar Japanese game called kibasen (騎馬戦) is commonly played as part of an annual sports day event at elementary and junior high schools. It is a field event rather than a swimming event. In it, a team of four competitors work together, with three carrying the fourth, who wears a bandana (hachimaki) or hat. The team is defeated if they are knocked over or, more commonly, if their bandana/hat is removed by an opponent. Competitors are often divided into opposing red and white factions. In recent years some schools have removed physically demanding events such as the kibasen from sports day programs due to the risk of serious injury. In a 2003 incident a high school student in Fukuoka Prefecture was left quadriplegic after falling from his teammates' shoulders.

title: Chicken fight


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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 1, 2004

Propaganda is information, true or false, disseminated to serve an agenda. Even if true, it may be partisan and fail to paint a complete picture. Propaganda shares many techniques with advertising. However, propaganda usually has political or nationalist themes. Many of the techniques used in propaganda are logical fallacies, since propagandist views are arguments which, although sometimes convincing, are not necessarily valid. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 2, 2004

The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope located at the outer edges of Earth's atmosphere. The telescope was launched by Space Shuttle Discovery on April 24, 1990. This had been postponed from a 1986 launch date by the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion. It was later discovered that the main mirror had a defect, which was repaired in December 1993. Hubble's replacement, the James Webb Space Telescope is not scheduled for launch until 2021, many years after the Hubble Space Telescope was expected to cease functions. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 3, 2004

Poker is the most popular of a class of games called vying games. In order to play, one must learn the basic rules and procedures of the game (see Poker game play), the values of the various combinations of cards (see Poker hand), and the rules about betting limits (see Poker betting structure). (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 4, 2004

"All your base are belong to us" is a stock phrase arising from an erroneous translation used in the Sega Genesis version of the Japanese video game Zero Wing. In 2001, the phrase swept over the Internet – fueled in part by the use of the phrase in an online music video by the gabber group The Laziest Men on Mars. It is one of the most commonly quoted examples of Engrish, which is the use of English poorly translated from another language. (more...)

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Talk:Zalmay Khalilzad

Needs Reworking
This article needs to be reworked in its entirety, preferably by an expert. The comment about Wohlstetter seems to imply the exact opposite of what Wohlstetter stood for (at least according to the article on Wohlstetter imself).

Khalilzad does not have Cabinet status -- see whitehouse.gov for the list of officials at this level. To say he does is a serious error.Mjameswilkinson 20:02, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

According to whitehouse.gov you are right, but according to Presidency of George W. Bush UN ambassador counts, United States Ambassador to the United Nations says that although he must be confirmed by the Senate, he's got the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary...as well as being the representative of the United States in all plenary meetings of the General Assembly where a superior officer of the United States (e.g. the U.S. Secretary of State or the President of the United States) is not present (a rare situation). Questioning81 02:19, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

The section concerning his writing on US leadership also has questionable importance. Either it should be expanded, or deleted all together. It probably serves better as a fact elsewhere in the article, rather than a separate section. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.198.189.57 (talk) 22:40, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

“

Bias, word choice, etc.
Recent voluminous additions by 67.115.133.240 appear to be at times not NPOV, uncited/uncitable, perhaps copied verbatim from elsewhere, and unencyclopedic (viz., "Condolezzie Rice", "the prez"). Subsequent clean-up by User:Everyking does not remove the bulk of this troubled mass. I'd previously removed most, left by similar IP 67.115.132.155 and would prefer to revert to my last revision, but am unsure how to do this, especially in light of Everyking's contributions since. Advice requested. In mean time POV template has been placed. --Derek 18:13, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * The edits were problematic but seemed to be adding content so I didn't revert. But if you want to revert it, don't let the fact that I did subsequent clean-up stop you. Everyking 18:21, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks, done. --Derek 21:27, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

-- "RAND is a right-wing think-tank, created just after World War II in connection with high rankinn officers from the armed forces and now cloesely linked to the neoconservatives (Donald Rumsfeld for instance)." -How objective is this? Walter Mondale, for example, is also one of the trustees. Might want to take a look. [update: A quick look at the entry's general sources reinforces suspicions.] --

Why is it important to point out that he is the highest-ranking native Afghan and Muslim in the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush? This doesn't really make any difference in my opinion. ---WSL---

Yes it is important. Some people may be surprised that there are any Muslims are in the Bush administration. On another topic, I think that some of the section on his recent activity in Iraq is very pov, particularly the statement about him being truly hated in Iraq. Academic Challenger 20:25, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

I have a question: has Khalilzad ever identified himself as a Muslim. If yes, then there must at least be a a source for that. Having an Afghan sounding name isn't good enough for identifying someone a Muslim. WestendRaider 17:06, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Context
Is the following line currently in the article appropriate? Does it not run the risk of being taken out of context--since it indeed, is the only sentence from the referenced study quoted?:
 * Khalilzad co-authored the RAND study, "The United States and a Rising China", which included the line, "Of course, US armed forces must be prepared to defeat China militarily

--198.59.190.201 01:13, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

Deleted incorrect citation
I got curious and found a copy of "The United States and a Rising China" and found that the citation on the article page is incorrect. The original is:
 * Of course, US armed forces must be prepared to defeat China militarily if it threatens vital U.S. interests.

Whereas on the page it was written as:
 * Of course, US armed forces must be prepared to defeat China militarily.

I think that the citation was incorrect. The article is available at. Julius.kusuma 15:04, 24 October 2006 (UTC)

Terrorist Sunni Muslim
Many reports in Iraq say that Khalilzad has asked Sunni insurgents to kill and behead Shia citizens. How does The United States Senates agreed to put this terrorist as US ambassador to UN?

Hmm...funny that everyone seems to love him at the UN and no one seems to be bringing up terrorist lnks. Makes me question how reliable are the "many reports in Iraq" you mentioned.

In the section References there is a reference to the following article,

July 17, 2007 2:40 PM

Exploiting the Confessional Turning the tide against Iran.

Alexander Benard

http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=YjNjNWNiZDhiZDM5MzU5YTk2MjVkOGM2NjUyZmJlYmQ=

In this article is no reference whatsoever to Zalmay Khalilzad, so what is the relevance of this article for the Zalmay Khalilzad entry?

I cleared up the link description, but i do agree that the relevance may be questionable, although the link shows that the son is following his dad's lead. Questioning81 02:42, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

Succession Tables
Why the diplomatic posts both under his picture (like Thomas R. Pickering) and at the bottom (like Ryan Crocker). Should be on the bottom for consistency. Mikebar 18:52, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

name
Though Zalmay Khalilzad is a Pashtun, his last name is Persian and not Pashto. "Khalilzad" means "of (the family) Khalil". The Pashto equivalent would be "Khalilzay". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.82.143.168 (talk) 02:52, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Khalilzad is a Pashto name, it means descendant (kinship and descent) of Khalil, it may also be used as Khalilzada or Khalilzai (son of Khalil), depends on how one wants to pronounce it in their region. His first name "Zalmay" is also Pashto and it originted as meaning a baby lamb.--203.175.65.183 (talk) 22:14, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

 * The ending "-zad" is Persian. The related Pashto equivalent is "-zay". The discussion is irrelevant anyway, because Khalilzad's first language is Persian and not Pashto. According to KabulPress, there is no public record of Khalilzad ever speaking in coherent Paxtu, language of the Paxtuns. According to The Guardian, his mother tongue is Dari, which differs little from Farsi.   —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.83.136.107 (talk) 00:21, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

"The American who could be President of Afghanistan"
79.78.20.68 (talk) 07:41, 19 June 2008 (UTC)

Ethnicity
Tough he claim himself as Pashtun his ethnicity is heavily disputed, mostly by Pashtuns self. It seems the guy only claim of beeing Pashtun descand since from Pashtun tribes some families were for the last 200 years the traditional rulers of the country that is known today as Afghanistan. The suffix zad in his name show a Non-Pashtun origine plus he can not even speak a word of Pashtu language while his Persian knowledge compared to Pashtu is much better also it is very broken like the word of a child. It is thought by most people he is of Pashai descand and the claim of beeing a Pashtun is only for having an easier way to the parliament of Afghanistan. He does not know anything about Pashtuns, not even their culture or customs. There is not even any kind of evidences of a Pashtun origine of his family or ancestral line. Let´s see here: http://www.atlanticfreepress.com/content/view/1856/81/

[...]But despite Zalmay Khalilzad’s defective knowledge and understanding of the cultural and social complexities of Afghanistan and Iraq the media (and politicians in Washington) continue to market his '“Afghan birth”, that he “is well versed in negotiating tribal and ethnic divisions”', and that he speaks Afghanistan’s “two main languages—Pashto and Dari” (Andrew North, BBC News, February 2006). Khalilzad’s published writings dealing with Afghanistan and South Asia are framed by explicit American Cold War ideology and are mostly based on anecdotal data and information. 'His published work is uninformed by the cultural, ethnographic, and historical realities of the country he claims as the place of his birth'.

Zalmay Khalilzad is on record for gleefully acknowledging the destruction of the state of Afghanistan as a “worthwhile” price for American “strategic” interests: “The gains we made as a result of the struggle in Afghanistan, even with the problems we have had since, I think from the American strategic point of view, it was very much a worthwhile investment” (“CNN Presents: ‘Cold War’” TV broadcast, March 7, 1999).

'Khalilzad has cleverly manipulated his ethnic and national background by portraying himself to his employer as a member of the numerically dominant Paxtun group in Afghanistan. In practice he has no meaningful competence in the language and culture of Paxtuns or, for that matter, any other ethnic group in that country. He speaks rudimentary Farsi' but it is not known whether he can read and write it. There is no public record of Khalilzad ever speaking in coherent Paxtu, language of the Paxtuns. '''Anyone with adequate personal and/or scholarly ethnographic familiarity with Afghanistan would know that no Paxtun would have a (self-selected or assigned by one’s family) name that ends with the suffix “zad”. “Zad” is a Persian word that means nativity or descent and it is used as a suffix in last names among non-Paxtun Kabuli Afghans. Its Paxtu equivalent is “zai”''' (e. g. achakzai, ahmadzai, ‘abd al-rahimzai, noorzai, etc.). Some knowledgeable Afghans have suggested that Mr. Khalizad’s parents were members of the peripatetic jat or qawal ethnic groups.[...]--84.59.205.77 (talk) 13:19, 28 July 2008 (UTC)

Chief Executive Officer of Afghanistan
There is now a significant amount of reporting on this subject. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/19/world/asia/19diplo.html?_r=2&partner=rss&emc=rss http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2009/05/diplos-heart-afghanistan-ceo-khalilzad-not/ http://articles.latimes.com/2004/sep/23/world/fg-meddle23?pg=1

Reporting in major newspapers that a person is taking actions to hold a high ranking office in a national government qualifies as significant event that should be recorded in Wikipedia. ~J23 —Preceding unsigned comment added by J23 (talk • contribs) 16:12, 20 May 2009 (UTC)

Vandalism
It would appear that this article is being used to include unproven information regarding alleged involvement with Gulf Keystone Petroleum - see recent revisions. Can the article be semi-protected, at least until this can be proven either true or false? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.83.157.139 (talk) 16:52, 12 January 2012 (UTC)

Blacklisted Links Found on the Main Page
Cyberbot II has detected that page contains external links that have either been globally or locally blacklisted. Links tend to be blacklisted because they have a history of being spammed, or are highly innappropriate for Wikipedia. This, however, doesn't necessarily mean it's spam, or not a good link. If the link is a good link, you may wish to request whitelisting by going to the request page for whitelisting. If you feel the link being caught by the blacklist is a false positive, or no longer needed on the blacklist, you may request the regex be removed or altered at the blacklist request page. If the link is blacklisted globally and you feel the above applies you may request to whitelist it using the before mentioned request page, or request it's removal, or alteration, at the request page on meta. When requesting whitelisting, be sure to supply the link to be whitelisted and wrap the link in nowiki tags. The whitelisting process can take its time so once a request has been filled out, you may set the invisible parameter on the tag to true. Please be aware that the bot will replace removed tags, and will remove misplaced tags regularly.

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A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:21, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Zalmay Khalilzad with George W. Bush in 2004.jpg

Special Representative for Afghanistan position has not been abolished.
I ask the IP claiming the position of "Special Representative for Afghanistan" (formal title U.S. Special Representative for Afghanistan Reconcilation) has been abolished without any evidence to please stop removing sourced edits showing that it is not. It is disruptive when you do this without presenting any evidence to the contrary about it yourself and don't source your own claim.

I added that Thomas West is the new Special Representative to Afghanistan with the CNN source. It contains the US government's own statements saying he is so: ''Secretary of State Tony Blinken said in a statement. "Thomas West, who previously served as the Deputy Special Representative, will be the Special Representative for Afghanistan."''

While we can dispute many thing, disputing the government about who's serving in what post shouldn't be done without evidence. And I haven't found a single source claiming the position of "Special Representative for Afghanistan" has been abolished. The editor reverting me is free to present his sources here if he has any. Saynotodrugs12 (talk) 22:49, 20 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Zalmay Khalilzad


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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 5, 2004

The London congestion charge is a fee that is levied on motorists entering the central London area. The fee was introduced on February 17, 2003. The daily fee of £5 (approximately €7.50 or US $9) must be paid by the registered owner of a vehicle which enters, leaves or moves in the congestion charge zone. The fee is enforced by 230 CCTV-style cameras installed around the edge of the zone. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 6, 2004

In mathematics, trigonometric functions are functions of an angle important when studying triangles and modeling periodic phenomena. They may be defined as ratios of two sides of a right triangle containing the angle, or, more generally, as ratios of coordinates of points on the unit circle, or, more generally still, as infinite series. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 7, 2004

Since its founding in 1949, the People's Republic of China has been led by the Communist Party of China. With over 1.2 billion people, it is the most populous country in the world. It is also the fourth-largest in size and has the second-highest gross domestic product (after the U.S.). The official language is Mandarin Chinese, making it the native language of more people than any other language on Earth. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 8, 2004

The Sperm Whale is the largest of the toothed whales and is the largest toothed animal in the world. The whale was named after the milky-white substance spermaceti found in its head and originally mistaken for sperm. The Sperm Whale's enormous head and distinctive shape, as well as its central role in Herman Melville's Moby Dick, have led many to describe it as the archetypal whale. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 9, 2004

The bathing machine was a device which flourished in the 19th century to allow people to wade in the ocean at beaches without violating Victorian notions of modesty. Bathing machines were in the form of roofed and walled wooden carts which would be rolled into the sea. Some had solid wooden walls; others had canvas walls over a wooden frame. The bathing machine was part of sea-bathing etiquette which was more rigorously enforced upon women than men, but was expected to be observed by people of both genders among those who wished to be considered "proper". (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 10, 2004

Leonardo da Vinci was a celebrated Italian Renaissance architect, inventor, engineer, sculptor and painter. He can be seen as the archetype of the Renaissance man and has been described as a genius. Leonardo is well known for his masterful paintings, such as The Last Supper and Mona Lisa. Only 17 of his paintings, and none of his statues, survive. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 11, 2004

LEGO is a Danish toy company best known for its line of interconnecting plastic bricks. The company's name was coined by Ole Kirk Christiansen in 1934, from the Danish phrase "leg godt", meaning "play well." The word "LEGO" also means "I put together" or "I assemble" in Latin. Lego bricks are designed to be so straightforward that even children require little or no instruction in how to use them. On June 7, 1968, the LEGOLAND Park in Billund was opened. This theme park featured elaborate models of miniature towns, built entirely from LEGO bricks. A location in the USA has since opened. (more...)

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User talk:Kelayaraja

I'm K.Elayaraja, I'm doing my B.E.(MECHATRONICS), IN Kongu Engineering College,Perundurai,Tamilnadu,Southindia.I want to do some innovative projects related to my department, if you have any idea of that ,please mail me(mail_2elaya@yahoo.com).

title: User talk:Kelayaraja


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Massless particle

In particle physics, a massless particle is an elementary particle whose invariant mass is zero. At present the only confirmed massless particle is the photon.

Standard Model gauge bosons
The photon (carrier of electromagnetism) is one of two known gauge bosons that are both believed to be massless; the other is the gluon (carrier of the strong force). The only other confirmed gauge bosons are the W and Z bosons, which are known from experiment to be extremely massive. Of these, only the photon has been experimentally confirmed to be massless.

Although there are compelling theoretical reasons to believe that gluons are massless, they can never be observed as free particles due to being confined within hadrons, and hence their presumed lack of rest mass cannot be confirmed by any feasible experiment.

Hypothetical graviton
The graviton is a hypothetical tensor boson proposed to be the carrier of gravitational force in some quantum theories of gravity, but no such theory has been successfully incorporated into the Standard Model, so the Standard Model neither predicts any such particle nor requires it, and no gravitational quantum particle has been indicated by experiment. Whether or not a graviton would be massless if it existed is likewise an open question.

Quasiparticles
The Weyl fermion discovered in 2015 is also expected to be massless, but these are not actual particles. At one time neutrinos were thought to perhaps be Weyl fermions, but when they were discovered to have mass, that left no fundamental particles of the Weyl type.

The Weyl fermions discovered in 2015 are merely quasiparticles – composite motions found in the structure of molecular latices that have particle-like behavior, but are not themselves real particles. Weyl fermions in matter are like phonons, which are also quasiparticles. No real particle that is a Weyl fermion has been found to exist, and there is no compelling theoretical reason that requires them to exist.

Neutrinos were originally thought to be massless – and possibly Weyl fermions. However, because neutrinos change flavour as they travel, at least two of the types of neutrinos must have mass (and cannot be Weyl fermions). The discovery of this phenomenon, known as neutrino oscillation, led to Canadian scientist Arthur B. McDonald and Japanese scientist Takaaki Kajita sharing the 2015 Nobel prize in physics.

title: Massless particle


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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 12, 2004

The Parthenon, the most famous surviving building of Ancient Greece and one of the most famous buildings in the world, has stood atop the Acropolis of Athens for nearly 2,500 years. It was built to give thanks to Athena, the city's protecting goddess, for the salvation of Athens and Greece in the Persian Wars. It replaced an older temple which had been destroyed by the Persians. As well as being a temple, the Parthenon was used as a treasury, and was the location of the treasury of the Delian League, which later became the Athenian Empire. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 13, 2004

A nuclear weapon is a weapon that derives its energy from nuclear reactions and has enormous destructive power. Countries declared nuclear powers are the United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, and the People's Republic of China. India and Pakistan have also publicly tested nuclear weapons. Israel is also widely believed to possess nuclear weapons. Such weapons have been used only twice in combat, by the United States against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the conclusion of World War II. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 14, 2004

Howard Phillips Lovecraft was an American author of fantasy and horror fiction, noted for giving horror stories a science fiction framework. Lovecraft's readership was limited during his life, but his works have become quite important and influential among writers and fans of horror fiction. His early fantasies were greatly influenced by the stories of Lord Dunsany, but later took on a darker tone with the creation of what is today often called the Cthulhu Mythos. Much of Lovecraft's work was directly inspired by his nightmares, and it is perhaps this direct insight into subconscious fears that helps to account for their continuing popularity. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 15, 2004

A villain is a bad person, especially in fiction. Villains are the fictional characters, or perhaps fictionalized characters, in drama and melodrama who work to thwart the plans of the hero. As such, villains are an almost inevitable plot device, and more than the heroes, the villains are the crucial elements upon which plots turn. In the era before sound in motion pictures villains had to appear very "visually" sinister, and thus many villain stereotypes were born. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 16, 2004

The Prisoner's dilemma is a classic example of a non-zero-sum game that demonstrates a conflict between rational individual behavior and the benefits of cooperation in certain situations. In political science, the Prisoner's Dilemma is often used to illustrate the problem of two states engaged in an arms race. It is fundamental to certain theories of human cooperation and trust. On the assumption that transactions between two people requiring trust can be modelled by the Prisoner's Dilemma, cooperative behavior in populations may be modelled by a multi-player, iterated, version of the game. It has, consequently, fascinated many scholars over the years. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 17, 2004

The end times are, in one version of Christian eschatology, a time of tribulation that will precede the Second Coming of Jesus, as is related in Bible prophecy such as the Book of Daniel, Book of Ezekiel, and Book of Revelation. Specifically, what is usually referred to as the 'end times' revolves around a cluster of beliefs in Christian millennialism. These beliefs typically include the ideas that the Biblical apocalypse is imminent and that various signs in current events are omens of Armageddon. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 18, 2004

A geyser is a special type of hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air. The name geyser comes from Geysir, the name of the best-known geyser in Iceland; that name, in turn, comes from the word gjósa, "to gush." Geysers are quite rare, requiring a combination of geology and climate that exists in only a few places on Earth. There are only six geyser fields of any size in the world: two in the United States, and one each in Russia, Chile, New Zealand and Iceland. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 19, 2004

The Hutton Inquiry was a British judicial inquiry chaired by Lord Hutton, appointed by the British government to investigate the death of a government weapons expert, Dr. David Kelly. The inquiry opened in August 2003 and reported on January 28, 2004. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 20, 2004

A rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon that causes a (nearly) continuous spectrum of light to appear in the sky when the sun shines onto falling rain. It is a colored arc with red on the outside and violet on the inside: see color for the full sequence. (more...)

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Talk:2000 Glasgow Anniesland by-elections

Untitled
There was also a by-election for the Scottish Parliament seat on the same day - anyone know the result for that? Timrollpickering 08:18, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Categories
I have removed the article from Category:20th century in Glasgow as it is already in Category:2000s in Glasgow and I do not think it needs to be in both. Dunarc (talk) 22:44, 27 October 2022 (UTC)


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Bromophenol blue

Bromophenol blue (3′,3″,5′,5″-tetrabromophenolsulfonphthalein, BPB), albutest is used as a pH indicator, an electrophoretic color marker, and a dye. It can be prepared by slowly adding excess bromine to a hot solution of phenolsulfonphthalein in glacial acetic acid.

Acid–base indicator
As an acid–base indicator, its useful range lies between pH 3.0 and 4.6. It changes from yellow at pH 3.0 to blue at pH 4.6; this reaction is reversible. Bromophenol blue is structurally related to phenolphthalein (a popular indicator).

Color marker
Bromophenol is also used as a colour marker to monitor the process of agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Since bromophenol blue carries a slight negative charge at moderate pH, it will migrate in the same direction as DNA or protein in a gel; the rate at which it migrates varies according to gel density and buffer composition, but in a typical 1% agarose gel in a 1X TAE buffer or TBE buffer, bromophenol blue migrates at the same rate as a DNA fragment of about 300 base pairs, in 2% agarose as 150 bp. Xylene cyanol and orange G may also be used for this purpose.

Dye
Bromophenol blue is also used as a dye. At neutral pH, the dye absorbs red light most strongly and transmits blue light. (Its peak absorbance is 590 nm at a basic pH of 12.) Solutions of the dye, therefore, are blue. At low pH, the dye absorbs ultraviolet and blue light most strongly and appears yellow in solution. In solution at pH 3.6 (in the middle of the transition range of this pH indicator) obtained by dissolution in water without any pH adjustment, bromophenol blue has a characteristic green red colour, where the apparent colour shifts depending on the concentration and/or path length through which the solution is observed. This phenomenon is called dichromatic color. Bromophenol blue is the substance with the highest known value of Kreft's dichromaticity index. This means it has the largest change in colour hue, when the thickness or concentration of observed sample increases or decreases.

title: Bromophenol blue


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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 23, 2004

On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched the Attack on Pearl Harbor. It was a surprise assault on the United States Navy base and Army air fields at Oahu, Hawaii Territory. The Japanese planes bombed all the U.S. military air bases on the island and the ships anchored at Pearl, including "Battleship Row". The next day, the U.S. Congress declared war on Japan with only Jeannette Rankin dissenting. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 24, 2004

The Summer Olympic Games are an international multi-sport event held every four years, organised by the International Olympic Committee. The Olympics are the most prestigious of such events in the world, featuring a larger range of sports than others. Olympic victory is generally considered to be the most prestigious achievement in any field of sport. The modern Olympic Games were founded in 1894 by Pierre Fredi, Baron de Coubertin, who sought to promote international understanding through the sporting competition. The first games were held in Athens in 1896. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 21, 2004

Punk rock is the anti-establishment music movement of the period 1976–1980, exemplified by the Sex Pistols, The Damned, The Clash and The Ramones, and to subsequent music scenes that share key characteristics with these first-generation "punks." The term is sometimes also applied to the fashions or the irreverent "do-it-yourself" attitude associated with this musical movement. The term "Punk rock" was originally used to describe the primitive guitar-based rock and roll of untutored U.S. bands of the mid-1960s. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 22, 2004

An electronic amplifier is a device for increasing the power of a signal. It does this by taking power from a power supply and shaping the output to match the input signal. This process invariably introduces some noise and distortion into the signal, and the process cannot be 100% efficient - amplifiers will always produce some waste heat. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 25, 2004

Edward Gough Whitlam was an Australian politician and the 21st Prime Minister of Australia from 1972 to 1975. When elected, he was Australia's first Labor Prime Minister for 23 years. He is the only Australian Prime Minister to be dismissed by the Governor-General. He has been deified by his admirers and demonized by his opponents, and is one of the most controversial figures in Australian political history. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 26, 2004

Medieval literature encompasses essentially all written works available in Europe during the Middle Ages (roughly from the fall of the Western Roman Empire ca. 500 AD to the beginning of the Florentine Renaissance in the late 15th century). The literature of this time period varies wildly, from the utterly sacred to the exuberantly profane (touching all points in-between), which is only fitting for a millennium in which European life circled around the muck and mire of the fields, the gore of the battlefield, and the quiet removal of monasteries and cathedrals. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 27, 2004

Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). It is also one of four official languages in Singapore. The efforts of both the PRC and ROC to promote Mandarin as the standard tongue have made it the most spoken language in the world. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 28, 2004

Bioinformatics is the use of mathematical and informational techniques to solve biological problems, usually by creating or using computer programs, mathematical models or both. One of the main areas of bioinformatics is the data mining and analysis of the data gathered by the various genome projects. Other areas are sequence alignment, protein structure prediction, systems biology, and virtual evolution. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 29, 2004

Yellowstone National Park is a United States National Park that is located in the U.S. states of Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming. Yellowstone is the first and oldest national park in the world. The park is famous for its various geysers, hot springs, and other geothermal features and is home to grizzly bears and wolves, and free-ranging herds of bison and elk. The park was named for the yellow rocks seen in the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 30, 2004

A jet engine is a type of air-breathing turbine engine, often used on aircraft. The engine draws air in at the front and compresses it. The air then combines with fuel and the engine burns the resulting mixture. The combustion greatly increases the volume of the gases which are then exhausted out of the rear of the engine. The process is similar to a four-stroke cycle, but with the processes - induction, compression, ignition and exhaust - taking place continuously. (more...)

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Wikipedia:Today's featured article/March 31, 2004

Superman, also called The Man of Steel, is a fictional character, a superhero, starring in comic books bearing his name from DC Comics. The character has also been in various television series and movies. Superman was born as Kal-el on the planet Krypton. While still a baby he was put into a spaceship alone by his father. The ship launched moments before his home-planet exploded. His spaceship landed on Earth. (more...)

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List of German combat vehicles of World War II

The German Wehrmacht used an extensive variety of combat vehicles during World War II.

Leichttraktor
The VK.31 Leichttraktor ("Light tractor") was an experimental German light fighting tank developed in the 1920s under secret conditions. Only four were produced and they were used in the late 1930s and the early part of the war for training purposes.

Panzerkampfwagen I (PzKpfw I)
The Panzer I (Sd. Kfz. 101) was not intended as a combat vehicle, but more to familiarise industry and the army with tanks. By the time production had ended in 1937, a total of 1,869 Panzer I hulls had been produced, of which 1,493 were fitted with turrets, and the rest used as command or training vehicles.

Variants and vehicles using hull:
 * Panzerjäger I, a Czech 4.7 cm KPÚV vz. 38 anti-tank gun on Panzer I Ausf.B chassis
 * Sturmpanzer I ("Bison"), a 150 mm heavy infantry gun on Panzer I Ausf.B chassis
 * Flakpanzer I, a 2cm Flak 38 anti-aircraft cannon on Panzer I Ausf.A chassis
 * kleiner Panzerbefehlswagen, an armoured command vehicle on Panzer I Ausf.B chassis

Panzerkampfwagen II (PzKpfw II)
The Panzer II (Sd. Kfz. 121) was a light tank designed to replace the Panzer I. It was armed with a 20 mm cannon, which had some capability against other armoured vehicles. Before the war started, 1,223 had been built.

Variants:
 * PzKpfw II Flamm, (Sd. Kfz. 122), Flamingo:flamethrower tank (Ausfuhrung A and B)
 * Luchs: Light reconnaissance tank
 * Marder II: 7.5 cm Pak 40 anti-tank gun on Panzer II chassis (Sd. Kfz. 131)
 * Marder II:captured Russian 76.2 mm anti-tank gun on Panzer II Ausf. D/E chassis (Sd. Kfz. 132)
 * Wespe:105 mm light field howitzer on Panzer II chassis (Sd. Kfz. 124)

Panzer 35(t)
In March 1939, Germany occupied and annexed the Bohemia and Moravia region of Czechoslovakia taking over the Czech arms manufacturing industries. The Czech LT-35 tank was given the German designation Panzer 35(t), with "t" standing for tschechisch (the German word for Czech).

Panzer 38(t)
Also known as: ''PzKpfw 38(t), Panzer 38(t), Sd. Kfz. 140'' In March 1939, Germany invaded Czech territory and took over the Czech arms manufacturing industries. The Czech LT-38 tank, then in production, was produced for German use as the Panzer 38(t) ("t" standing for tschechisch, German for Czech). By the start of the war, 78 Panzer 38(t) tanks had been produced.

Germany continued producing the Panzer 38(t) during the war. By early 1942, it was clearly obsolete. However, the production lines were already running, the vehicle was mechanically reliable, and the factory would have had difficulty moving over to larger tanks, so it was decided to find other uses for the Panzer 38(t) chassis for self-propelled guns.

Variants:
 * Marder 138 (Marder III) = 75 mm Pak 40 gun on Panzer 38(t) chassis (Sd. Kfz. 138)
 * Marder 139 (Marder III)= captured Russian 76.2 mm gun on Panzer 38(t) chassis (Sd. Kfz. 139)
 * Grille = 150 mm heavy infantry gun on Panzer 38(t) chassis (Sd.Kfz. 138/1)
 * Jagdpanzer 38 = 75 mm L/48 Pak39 gun on a widened Pz 38(t) chassis
 * Flakpanzer 38(t) = 2cm FlaK self-propelled anti-aircraft gun on Panzer 38(t) chassis (Sd. Kfz. 140)

Panzer III
Also known as: ''PzKpfw III, 'Panzer III', Sd. Kfz. 141'' The Panzer III was designed as a medium tank, with a high-velocity 37 mm gun. Pre-war production was 98 vehicles. During the war, the Pz III was upgunned to a 50 mm L/42 gun, then to an even higher velocity 50 mm L/60 gun, in order to improve its anti-tank performance. A low-velocity 75 mm gun was also fitted (using the same mount as the early Panzer IV), but since the tank was not large enough to fit a high-velocity 75 mm gun, production was halted mid-war, although the chassis continued to be used to build assault guns.

The Panzer III was the first tank to have a 3-man turret: the commander did not have to double up as a loader or a gunner, so he could concentrate on commanding the tank.

Variants:
 * Panzer III A-F= armed with 37 mm L/45 gun
 * Panzer III F-M = armed with 50 mm L/42 or L/60 gun
 * Panzer III N = armed with 75 mm L/24 gun, used for Infantry support
 * Panzer III (f) = armed with flamethrower
 * Sturmgeschütz III = Sturmgeschütz 40= Assault Gun armed with 75 mm L/24 (A-E), later with L/43 (F) and L/48 gun (F8 & G) (Sd. Kfz. 142)
 * StuH 42 = Sturmhaubitze 42. StuG III with 105 mm light field howitzer (Sd. Kfz. 142/2)

Panzer IV
Also known as: ''PzKpfw IV, 'Panzer IV', Sd. Kfz. 161'' Panzer IV was designed alongside the Panzer III. The Panzer IV was a slightly larger and heavier tank, and with its large calibre low velocity gun, it was designed to support the Panzer III when it met heavy resistance from infantry support. Pre-war production was 211 tanks. Originally armed with a low-velocity 75 mm L/24 gun, in 1942 this was upgraded to a 75 mm L/43 gun, and 1943 to a 75 mm L/48 gun.

Variants:
 * Panzer IV A-F1 = Panzer IV with 75 mm L/24 gun
 * Panzer IV F2-J = Panzer IV with 75 mm L/43 or L/48 gun
 * Sturmgeschütz IV = Assault Gun. Superstructure of Sturmgeschütz III on Panzer IV chassis; armed with 75 mm L/48 gun (Sd. Kfz. 167)
 * Jagdpanzer IV = Tank Destroyer with 75 mm L/48, later L/70, gun on Panzer IV chassis (Sd. Kfz. 162)
 * Sturmpanzer IV Brummbär with 150 mm field howitzer on Panzer IV chassis (Sd. Kfz. 166)
 * Hummel = 150 mm field howitzer on Geschützwagen III/IV chassis (Sd. Kfz. 165)
 * Hornisse = 88 mm Pak43/1 auf Geschützwagen III/IV, later known as Nashorn (Sd. Kfz. 164)
 * Möbelwagen = Self-propelled anti-aircraft. 37 mm Flak 43 L/89 on Panzer IV chassis (Flakpanzer IV Sd. Kfz.161/3)
 * Wirbelwind = Self-propelled anti-aircraft. Quadruple 20 mm Flak 38 L/112.5 guns on Panzer IV chassis, with armoured turret (Flakpanzer IV)
 * Ostwind = Self-propelled anti-aircraft. 37 mm Flak 43 L/89 on Panzer IV chassis, with armoured turret (Flakpanzer IV)
 * Kugelblitz = Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun. 30mm MK 103 twin anti-aircraft gun on Panzer IV chassis, with armoured turret (Flakpanzer IV)

Panzerkampfwagen V "Panther"
The Panther, also known as "PzKpfw V", "Panzer V", and ''Sd. Kfz. 171'', was a medium tank of the German Army in the second part of World War II. Until 1944, it was designated as the PzKpfw V Panther. The production Panther was a direct response to the Soviet T-34, after encountering difficulties fighting the T-34, Colonel General Heinz Guderian (the "Inspector of Panzer Troops") suggested simply copying the T-34; although the report of the enquiry recommended that the main attributes of the T-34 - armament, sloped armor and suspension - be incorporated into a new German medium weight tank under the Vollketten 30 project. Two proposals - by Daimler-Benz and  Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg (MAN) - were examined and the MAN design selected for production.

Variants:
 * Panther Ausf. D - first production version, armed with 75 mm KwK 42 L/70 gun. 842 built
 * Panther Ausf. A - second production version, improved Ausf. D, 2,200 built
 * Panther Ausf. G - additional armour, approx 2,900 built
 * Jagdpanther - a Jagdpanzer (tank destroyer) design with an 88 mm L/71 PaK 43 gun on Panzer V chassis (Sd. Kfz. 173)
 * Panther Ausf. F - a Panther development with narrow front Schmalturm turret, none built
 * Bergepanther = an armoured recovery vehicle, 339 built

Panther II
Panther II tank successor tank to the Panther while visually similar, was planned to use a new turret, longer 75mm gun, thicker armour, new engine and different components from the Tiger and Tiger II. Only one chassis was built and was later fitted with an Ausf G turret

Panzer VI Ausf. E "Tiger"
Also known as: ''PzKpfw VI E, 'Panzer VI E', Tiger I, Sd. Kfz. 181'' The Tiger I (Panzer VI Ausf.H, later renamed later Panzer VI Ausf.E ) was armed with an 88 mm L/56 gun. On May 26, 1941 Hitler ordered the Henschel and Porsche firms to design a new heavy tank to be delivered in 1942. Porsche used their existing VK 30.01 (P) Leopard design while Henschel based theirs on their earlier VK 36.01 (H). The Henschel design won the competition and became the Tiger. A few Porsche Tigers were made, with a different chassis and hybrid gasoline-electric powerplant, but these were not as reliable as the Henschel model. Many of the Porsche chassis were converted into tank destroyers, known as Ferdinand then rebuilt as Elefant

Variant:
 * Sturmtiger was armed with a 380 mm rocket.

Panzer VI Ausf. B "Königstiger"
Also known as: ''PzKpfw VIB, 'Panzer VIB', Tiger II, King Tiger, Royal Tiger, Sd. Kfz. 182'' The Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger II Ausf. B "Königstiger" (Sd. Kfz.182) / VK4503(H) was a heavy tank in the later half of World War II. Armed with an 88 mm L/71 gun, the vehicle could perform well in the defensive role on the eastern and western fronts but was an expensive failure for Nazi Germany when used in an offensive role as a main battle tank. The Tiger II combined one of the most capable AT guns of the period with heavy armour, but had an over-burdened engine and lacked reliability.

Variant:
 * Jagdtiger was armed with a 128 mm L/55 Pak44 gun (Sd. Kfz. 186)

Panzer VII "Löwe"
Panzer VII Löwe was a proposed superheavy tank design. It never left the drawing board.

Panzer VIII "Maus"
Also known as: "Panzer VIII", 'Maus' Panzer VIII Maus was a German 188t super heavy tank. Two prototypes were built and only one prototype got a turret.

Wespe
105 mm howitzer built on Panzer II chassis

Grille
150 mm heavy infantry gun built on Panzer 38(t) chassis, sometimes wrongly named "Bison"

Hummel
The Hummel was a self-propelled artillery piece fielding a 150 mm howitzer on a chassis that combined features of both the Panzer III and Panzer IV. 714 Hummels plus 150 Hummel ammunition carriers were built from 1943 to 1944.

Heuschrecke
The Heuschrecke was a self-propelled artillery piece with a 10.5cm leFH 18/1 L/28 on a Panzer IV chassis. Production never started as it would have affected production of tanks.

Self-propelled anti-aircraft artillery
Several types of armored self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons ("flakpanzers" in German) were used in the war.

 * Flakpanzer I, a converted version of the, Panzer I tank.
 * Flakpanzer 38(t), based on the Panzer 38(t) light tank
 * Flakpanzer IV, the general designation for a series of vehicles based on the Panzerkampfwagen IV medium tank chassis, including the:
 * Möbelwagen
 * Wirbelwind
 * Ostwind
 * Kugelblitz, in prototype stage at the end of World War II

Assault guns
An assault gun is an armoured fighting vehicle similar to a tank, but typically does not have a rotating turret, and may have an open roof. The removal of the turret allows for a much larger gun to be carried on a smaller chassis. They are not intended to fight other AFVs, but instead directly support infantry during assaults on prepared positions. However they were still often fitted with AT guns to destroy AFVs.

During World War II Germany built many more assault guns than tanks, because of their relative cheapness and simplicity.

 * Sturmgeschütz III
 * built on the Panzer III chassis

 * Sturmgeschütz IV
 * built on the Panzer IV chassis with 75 mm gun

 * Sturmpanzer IV ("Brummbär")
 * with 150 mm gun built on the Panzer IV chassis

 * Sturmtiger
 * built on repaired Tiger I chassis, 380 mm rocket projector

Tank destroyers

 * Panzerjäger I
 * built on the Panzer I chassis

 * Jagdpanzer 38
 * built on modified Panzer 38(t) chassis

 * Jagdpanzer IV
 * built on the Panzer IV chassis

 * Jagdpanther
 * built on the Panzer V chassis

 * Marder I
 * built on chassis of captured French and some Polish tanks

 * Marder II
 * built on the Panzer II chassis

 * Marder III
 * built on the Panzer 38(t) chassis

 * Nashorn

 * Jagdtiger
 * based on the Tiger II

 * Elefant
 * The Elefant (Sd. Kfz. 184) used the chassis of Porsche's losing entry for the Tiger I competition. On top of this chassis, a forward-facing 88 mm L/71 gun was mounted. A total of 90 Elefants were produced, all in early 1943 and known then as the Ferdinand, after its designer, Dr Ferdinand Porsche. Those still in use in late 1943 were modified and renamed Elefant.

Half-tracks

 * Maultier - "mule" conversions of trucks to half tracks
 * Sd.Kfz. 2
 * Sd.Kfz. 4
 * Sd.Kfz. 6
 * Sd.Kfz. 7
 * Sd.Kfz. 8
 * Sd.Kfz. 9
 * Sd.Kfz. 10
 * Sd.Kfz. 11
 * Sd.Kfz. 250
 * Sd.Kfz. 251

Armoured cars

 * Kfz 13
 * Leichter Panzerspähwagen - 4 wheeled armoured cars
 * Sd.Kfz. 221
 * Sd.Kfz. 222
 * Sd.Kfz. 223
 * Schwerer Panzerspähwagen - 6 and 8 wheel armoured cars
 * Sd.Kfz. 231
 * Sd.Kfz. 232
 * Sd.Kfz. 233
 * Sd.Kfz. 234
 * Sd.Kfz. 263
 * Panzerwagen ADGZ - Austrian armoured car used for police work

Armoured recovery vehicle

 * Bergepanzer III - PzKpfw III chassis
 * Bergepanzer IV - PzKpfw IV chassis
 * Bergepanther (Sd.Kfz. 179) - PzKpfw V Panther chassis 347 produced (1943 to 1945).
 * Bergetiger - PzKpfw VI Tiger I chassis
 * Bergepanzer 38(t) - Jagdpanzer 38 chassis, 170 produced (1944 to 1945).
 * Bergepanzer T-34 - Captured T-34 chassis

Sd. Kfz. numbers
Sd.Kfz. stood for Sonder Kraftfahrzeug or ‘special-purpose vehicle'. Sd.Kfz. designations were assigned to armoured vehicles and other vehicles put in military service for a specific purpose. The system was used by Germany prior to and throughout World War II.
 * Sd. Kfz. 100s for PzKpfw I versions
 * Sd. Kfz. 120s for PzKpfw II versions
 * Sd. Kfz. 140s for PzKpfw III versions
 * Sd. Kfz. 160s for PzKpfw IV versions
 * Sd. Kfz. 170s for PzKpfw V versions
 * Sd. Kfz. 180s for PzKpfw VI versions
 * Sd. Kfz. 1s, 10s, and 200s for half-tracks and armoured cars

Country codes for adopted foreign equipment

 * a – United States (Amerika)
 * b – Belgium (Belgien)
 * e – United Kingdom (England)
 * f – France (example: Panzerkampfwagen S35 739 (f))
 * j – Yugoslavia (Jugoslawien)
 * h – Netherlands (Holland)
 * i – Italy (Italien)
 * ö – Austria (Österreich)
 * p – Poland (Polen)
 * r – Soviet Union (Russland, ‘Russia’) (example: Panzerkampfwagen T-34 747 (r))
 * t – Czechoslovakia (Tschechoslowakei), for example, Panzerkampfwagen 35(t)


text:
Talk:Edwin Booth

Untitled
Is there any truth in the story that he saved Robert Licoln from getting ron over by a train? I've heard this story on a few websites, as well as on the TV show "Beyond Belief". --SMWhat 08:28, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I believe it to be absolutely true, which is why I added the bit some time ago.--The Saxon 02:35, 22 October 2006 (UTC)

The second picture, the one with no caption, is not Edwin Booth, it is his older brother Junius Brutus Booth.

THE BRADY PHOTO IS NOT EDWIN BOOTH, IT IS HIS BROTHER, JUNIUS BRUTUS BOOTH JR. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.108.147.79 (talk) 00:23, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Are you sure? According to the source here, it's Edwin. Why do you think it's not? DionysosProteus 02:04, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

I just read the book Good Brother, Bad Brother by James Giblin which contains many pictures of Edwin Booth. The Brady picture is of Junius Brutus Booth Jr. Here a picture of Junius Jr. from the book: http://i73.photobucket.com/albums/i230/felixddr/juniusjr.jpg. I know the source says it is Edwin but it is quite mistaken. Even comparing the Brady picture with Edwin's Hamlet one shows that they are not the same person. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.201.167.21 (talk) 21:37, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

The mysterious mislabling of the Edwin Booth photo
The photo at the top of this page of Edwin Booth is most assuredly not that of Edwin Booth, but that of his elder brother, Junius Brutus Booth, Junior. I have notified the Library of Congress, which is the source of this mistake, where the photo in question is indeed labled "Edwin Booth," and leave it to them to make the correction. One bit of supporting proof is that, if you go to their catalogue which this photo will lead you to, an adjacent photo that is unquestionalbly that of Edwin Booth is labled "Edwin Booth?" - which suggests that the librarian saw these two photos adjacent and, realizing they're not the same person, questioned the true photo of Edwin Booth, leaving the wrong photo wrongly labled. I admit its confusing: both gentlemen have the "Booth nose" of their father (accounting for the fact that the father's nose was broken!), but a careful comparison of the eyelids, and especially the ears, shows the distinction.

I'm leaving this photo on the Booth page so that others of you, familiar with the Booth family photos, can assist in this sleuthing.

Weimar03 (talk) 15:59, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

Perhaps a better photo is here: http://www.flickr.com/photos/george_eastman_house/2720793680/ ? 74.44.75.208 (talk) 02:36, 1 August 2008 (UTC)

My Thoughts Are Bloody
I am surprised there is no mention of this fairly recent best seller about the brothers. I is extremely well-researched by a Ph. D in history who supposedly spent many years writing and researching Edwin Booth and John Wilkes. — Preceding unsigned comment added by BillFloyd (talk • contribs) 20:08, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

Players Club
Curious to know what citation was missing? I didn't change the text, just added an image. Would a citation of the fact that it is in the Amon Carter collection or used to hang at the Players' Club be what you are seeking for the image? Didn't change the text in the body at all. Thanks! Subsidiaerie (talk) 21:19, 10 October 2015 (UTC)
 * When you had moved the text around, it appeared that you had added new, unsourced content. --JustBerry (talk) 21:21, 10 October 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just modified 1 one external link on Edwin Booth. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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title: Talk:Edwin Booth


text:
User talk:Pjf/0

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. You might like to start by reading the tutorial and introducing yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask at the help desk or on my talk page. Two useful tips are that you can sign your name using four tildes ( ~ ) and you can preview your changes before you save using the show preview button. You can regularly find new tips on the Community Portal. I look forward to reading your great articles and I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. :) Ambi 08:29, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

P.S. If you're interested, a few of us have got together and tried to get the Melbourne/Victoria-related articles organised at WikiProject Melbourne.

 * Great to see you've become a member of the WikiProject! We're always on the lookout for extra help. Check the open tasks list for some needy articles. TPK 10:25, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Melbourne articles
Hey there, I don't know if you've checked up on the WikiProject Melbourne recently, but a few of us have decided to adopt an article or two. The idea is to pick a lacking article and "be in charge" of it - do the research, writing, maybe even picture-taking. We're trying to build up the number of qualiy articles, instead of thinly-spread stubs. Don't feel you have to do anything :), but if you want, pick an article and add yourself to the list. TPK 20:50, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC) Talk

Hello!
Hi Paul, fancy seeing you here! Claudine 07:08, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Hi Paul!
Bok bok bok.

--icd

scaly leg
Thanks for submitting scaly leg to "Did you know". However, be advised that since items on the front page need to be diverse, it might take a bit for it to get featured, since there is a human skin disease on the list waiting to be featured as well. Feel free to submit more items if you come across an interesting fact. [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 14:12, Nov 27, 2004 (UTC)

 Did you know has been updated and a fact from the article scaly leg, which you recently created, has been featured in that section on the Main Page. If you have another interesting fact to submit, then please suggest it at the section's talk page. -- [[User:MacGyverMagic|Mgm|(talk)]] 08:33, Nov 29, 2004 (UTC)

The Humungous Image Tagging Project
Hi. You've helped with the WikiProject Wiki Syntax, so I thought it worth alerting you to the latest and greatest of Wikipedia fixing project, User:Yann/Untagged Images, which is seeking to put copyright tags on all of the untagged images. There are probably, oh, thirty thousand or so to do (he said, reaching into the air for a large figure). But hey: they're images ... you'll get to see lots of random pretty pictures. That must be better than looking for at at and the the, non? You know you'll love it. best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)

Sea-sickness
Hi Paul, you tagged Sea-sickness as needing attention. I thought you might like to know that I have tidied the article up while trying to keep the spirit of the original. This is my first attempt at Wikification. Cheers. --Etimbo 00:27, 5 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Catsear
 Did you know has been updated and a fact from the article Catsear, which you recently created, has been featured in that section on the Main Page. If you have another interesting fact to submit, then please suggest it at the section's talk page.

Nice work on the catsear article. If you need some taxonomy tips checkout WikiProject Tree of Life, there are heaps of links to taxonomy databases there, and people who will give you a hand if you need one. --nixie 11:19, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

tagging articles
Please put semi-permanent templates like that only are useful to editors, on talk pages (the only exception I can think of would be the different stub templates). This is to Avoid self references as much as possible and make our content more useful to third party users. Thank you. :) --mav 08:58, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 * Please ignore mav's request. He/she has been making this request to many users but it is counter to policy as stated on the very page that she refers people to, which is as follows:

 * However, there are exceptions to this. In particular, an article which is still in its initial development or under dispute often will include tags such as "stub", "npov", and "expansion" to help editors further develop the article, and the text in these templates include self-references. Try, however, to limit such self-references, even in templates.

 * Philip 10:52, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Thanks Paul
Thanks for your congratulations on the Sawfish article ^^ Phaust

DYK
 Did you know has been updated and a fact from the article Sow thistles, which you recently created, has been featured in that section on the Main Page. If you have another interesting fact to submit, then please suggest it at the section's talk page.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Sunroot_top.jpg
Hi, please add the licence to this image. Thank you. -- Breez 11:21, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pjf/0


text:
User:Foriskak

Just remembered this older account's password! User:Foriskak and User:Meowist are the same person.

I am a new user, and if I have made some errors with images or what not, please someone tell me.

title: User:Foriskak


text:
Nishi

Nishi may refer to:

People

 * Nishi (surname)
 * Nishi Vasudeva (born 1956), Indian business executive
 * Nishi (actress), Indian actress Nishi Kohli
 * Nishi (tribe), in Arunachal Pradesh, India
 * Nishi language, their Sino-Tibetan language

Other uses

 * Nishi District, Hokkaidō, Japan
 * Nishi language, a Sino-Tibetan language of India
 * Nishi Daak, a cruel ghost; see Ghosts in Bengali culture

title: Nishi


text:
User talk:Amortize

--Amortize 08:32, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Welcome to WP
Hello, Chris. As the parents and all four grandparents of my late father-in-law were born in Birmingham, I've taken more interest in it than in most places that are 10,000 miles away; I therefore paused at your entry in the New User Log. You may find me taking an interest and even possibly adding a phrase here and there to something you've written.
 * Enjoy! - Robin Patterson 15:04, 28 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Saracen's Head Photos
Hi, you said that you had some photos of the SH and OGS - would you be willing to add them to the Kings Norton and the Saracen's Head articles? I don't have any to hand, and would like to have some without the demolition and barriers in them Duncan 16:43, 2 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Amortize


text:
Minami

Minami (kanji 南, hiragana みなみ) is a Japanese word meaning "south".

Japan
There are several Minami wards in Japan, most of them appropriately in the south part of a city:
 * Minami, Tokushima, a village in Tokushima Prefecture
 * Minami-ku, Sapporo
 * Minami-ku, Niigata
 * Minami-ku, Saitama
 * Minami-ku, Yokohama
 * Minami-ku, Sagamihara
 * Minami-ku, Hamamatsu
 * Minami-ku, Nagoya
 * Minami-ku, Kyoto
 * Minami-ku, Sakai
 * Minami-ku, Okayama
 * Minami-ku, Hiroshima
 * Minami-ku, Fukuoka
 * Minami ward of Osaka merged with Higashi ward and is now part of Chūō ward.

Other uses

 * Minami (name)

title: Minami


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/February 2004

''The Today's Featured Article section was started on February 22, 2004 as part of a then-new Main Page design. Before these changes, the Main Page included no blurbs and instead included a short list of links to four featured articles, among others. ''


text:
Wikipedia:Today's featured article/February 22, 2004

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was one of the most significant classical composers. Mozart lived just a little over half of Beethoven's life span, yet was amazingly prolific from early childhood until his death in 1791. (more...)

Recently featured: Economics - Rembrandt - Blackjack