text:
User talk:Bluie~enwiki

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bluie. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bluie~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:37, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 11:08, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bluie~enwiki


text:
Shadow counsel

Shadow counsel or a shadow lawyer is a term used in law to mean an appointed, duplicate lawyer as an auxiliary or alternate, should the original lawyer (or legal team) fail in some way.

Shadow counsel is a legal term referring to a second lawyer that is appointed in secrecy to protect a witness from the other defendants who may be sharing the same lawyer (and thus, the known appointed lawyer is biased). Such a situation could be a drug conspiracy or people forced into being accomplices by a mob leader. Shadow counsel advises in the best interests of the witness. Lawyer and former prosecutor and judge Leslie Crocker Snyder invoked the privilege for a defendant whose trial she presided over so he could be safe as an informant against a drug ring leader he was afraid would replace his counsel. Despite its full legal allowance, Snyder faced serious backlash from opposition deliberately being uninformed in the interest of maintaining the trial's security.

Some fictional, yet informative, examples would be the Law & Order episode "Shadow" (season 8, episode 8) and the Law & Order: SVU episode "Ace" (season 11, episode 22). Snyder was a consultant for the franchise and even guest appearances in Law & Order.The concept also appeared in Season 5 of The Practice, episode 10 "Friends and Ex-Lovers."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Shadow counsel


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User:StewartRubenstein

Stewart Rubenstein is the President and CTO of CambridgeSoft Corp, and the author of the ChemDraw computer program. He studied with Prof. Elias James Corey of Harvard University where he contributed to the LHASA program and received a M.S. in Chemistry from Harvard in 1982.

title: User:StewartRubenstein


text:
User talk:Trent

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Seattle FAC
Apparently there was some discussion at the meetup involving Seattle as a Featured Article Candidate. It was nominated, but there have been some objections raised. If you could, it would be great if you could review the other city FAs, What is a featured article, and Seattle, Washington, and leave an opnion at Featured article candidates/Seattle if you see fit. Thanks. Niteowlneils 23:03, 9 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Meetup?
Meetup/Seattle3. Interested? -- Jmabel | Talk 23:30, 5 November 2005 (UTC)

Meetup/Seattle3 could sure use your comments on location: so far we have no clear consensus. -- Jmabel | Talk 00:02, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

Dvorak user category proposed deletion
FYI: There is a move to delete the Dvorak user category. If you have an opinion on the matter, you may voice it at: Categories for deletion — Eoghanacht  talk 14:13, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Another meetup
Looks like Meetup/Seattle4 will be happening September 9, 2006. - Jmabel | Talk 01:56, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

Onechectomy
I saw you are in the Animal Rights WP and was wondering if you are against Declawing animals or Onychectomy? The userbox is located at

So just copy the title as you are viewing and put it with the and w/o the   to your userpage. -PatPeter 18:36, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

Seattle meetup 5
Hi Trent, I see that you've attended some of the previous Seattle meetups. I hope that you can make it to the next one on June 19! Bestchai (talk) 22:13, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

Invitation to Meetup/Seattle6, a focus group
Hello. I'm part of a research group at the University of Washington (Seattle campus), and my group is reaching out to Wikipedians in the Puget Sound area. We're hosting a focus group designed to gather information on what Wikipedians would like to know about each other when interacting on Wikipedia. Our end goal is to create an embedded application that helps people quickly know more about others' history and activity on Wikipedia, and we feel our design will be much more useful if it's based on insights of users like you.

I'm hoping that the chance to help out local researchers, to engage in lively face-to-face discussion with other Seattle Wikipedians, and to contribute to Wikipedia in a new way will entice you to join us. The session lasts 2 hours and snacks are provided. Sessions will be held on UW Seattle campus - directions will be sent after registration. Your contribution will be greatly appreciated!

Willing and able to help us out? RSVP here. Want to know more? Visit our user talk page. Please help us contact other local Wikipedians, too! Commprac01 (talk) 01:41, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

You're invited! New England Wikimedia General Meeting
Message delivered by Dominic at 09:01, 11 April 2012 (UTC). Note: You can remove your name from this meetup invite list here.

Seamus (dog)
Seamus (dog), an article which is part of WikiProject animal rights has been proposed for deletion. Feel free to join the discussion. Articles for deletion/Seamus (dog) (2nd nomination) HHIAdm (talk) 03:21, 28 April 2012 (UTC)

WikiProject Animal rights
You are receiving this semi-automated message because you are a participant of WikiProject Animal rights. If the project is not on your watchlist or you have not visited the WikiProject recently you will not be aware of some of the changes that I have made to the pages, or aware of an a issue that has been raised about my attempt to re-categorise some of the project related articles. Please revisit the project talk page to add your input. -- Alan Liefting (talk - contribs) 22:27, 9 May 2012 (UTC)

2nd Annual Wikimedia New England General Meeting
You are invited to the 2nd Annual Wikimedia New England General Meeting, on 20 July 2013 in Boston! We will be talking about the future of the chapter, including GLAM, Wiki Loves Monuments, and where we want to take our chapter in the future! EdwardsBot (talk) 09:21, 16 July 2013 (UTC)

New England Wikipedia Day @ MIT: Saturday Jan 18
(You can unsubscribe from future notifications for Boston-area events by removing your name from this list.)

You're invited!
(You can unsubscribe from future notifications for Boston-area events by removing your name from this list.)

This Friday: Women in Architecture edit-a-thon @ Cambridge, MA
You are invited to join the Women in Architecture edit-a-thon @ Cambridge, MA on October 16! (drop-in any time, 6-9pm)--Pharos (talk) 18:27, 14 October 2015 (UTC)

Sunday July 16: New England Wiknic @ Cambridge, MA
(You can subscribe/unsubscribe from future notifications for Boston-area events by adding or removing your name from this list.)

title: User talk:Trent


text:
The Jimmy Stewart Show

The Jimmy Stewart Show is an American sitcom starring James Stewart as a college professor in a small town who shares his home with three generations of his family. Twenty-four episodes of the show were broadcast during the 1971–72 season on NBC.

Synopsis
Dr. James K. Howard, known as Jim, is an anthropology professor at Josiah Kessel College, the small-town institution of higher learning founded by his grandfather Josiah Kessel in the fictional town of Easy Valley in Northern California. Jim — whose middle name is Kessel — lives with his wife of 30 years, Martha, and their eight-year-old son Teddy. Jim also has a 29-year-old son, Peter J. Howard, Sr., known as "P.J.," who owns the Easy Valley Construction Company, where his pretty and perky wife Wendy assists him. P.J. and Wendy also have an eight-year-old son, Peter J. "Jake" Howard, Jr., who is Teddy's nephew but finds it strange to refer to Teddy as his uncle; the two boys often bicker over what to call one another and who should show greater respect to whom. Jim's easygoing life becomes complicated when he inadvertently burns down P.J. and Wendy's house and he and Martha invite P.J., Wendy, and Jake to move in with them temporarily. Jim is good-natured, and the two families do the best they can to get along in the overcrowded house, but conflicts are inevitable.

Dr. Luther Quince, a Nobel Prize-winning chemistry professor, is a faculty colleague of Jim's at the college  and quite a contrast to Jim — Luther drives a Rolls-Royce while Jim rides a bicycle to class, and Luther thinks of himself as having refined tastes, while Jim plays the accordion. Nonetheless, the two men are good friends. One of Martha's projects is a portrait of Luther, which she has been painting for a long time but never seems to finish. Woodrow Yamada is the Howards' talkative milkman.

In the show's opening credits, Stewart (as Professor Howard) bicycles through the community. Stewart speaks directly to the camera and out of character at the beginning of each episode, introducing himself as "Jim Stewart" and telling the audience the title of the episode. At the end of each episode, he again speaks to the viewers, expressing the hope that they will return for the following week's show and wishing them "peace and love and laughter". In some episodes, he speaks to the viewers at other times as well, in character as Jim Howard, with any other actors in the scene behaving as if Jim is talking to himself.

Episodes occasionally include flashbacks depicting Jim Howard's grandfather, Josiah Kessel. In these flashbacks, Stewart portrays Kessel and Stewart's real-life wife, Gloria Stewart, plays Kessel's wife.

Cast

 * Jimmy Stewart as Professor James K. Howard and Josiah Kessel
 * Julie Adams as Martha Howard
 * Jonathan Daly as Peter J. "P.J." Howard, Sr.
 * Ellen Geer as Wendy Howard
 * Dennis Larson as Teddy Howard
 * Kirby Furlong as Peter J. "Jake" Howard, Jr.
 * John McGiver as Dr. Luther Quince
 * Jack Soo as Woodrow Yamada

Production
The show is notable as the only television or film production in which Stewart allowed himself to be billed on-screen as "Jimmy." In all of his movies, he was billed as "James Stewart" (although he also used "Jimmy" for his book Jimmy Stewart and His Poems ).

The Jimmy Stewart Show had no laugh track. Procter & Gamble sponsored the show.

In the episode "The Identity Crisis," Beulah Bondi portrayed James Stewart's mother. She also played his mother in four films: It's a Wonderful Life, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Of Human Hearts, and Vivacious Lady.

According to series producer Hal Kanter, Stewart had African American actor Hal Williams dismissed from a guest appearance in one episode (in which Williams' character was to confront Stewart's) on racial grounds.

Reception
The show fared poorly critically, was also a ratings disappointment, and was cancelled after only one season. It finished 44th out of 78 shows that season with a 17.7 rating.

Broadcast history
The Jimmy Stewart Show premiered on September 19, 1971. Its 24th and last original episode was broadcast on March 12, 1972. Reruns of the show then aired in its regular time slot until August 27, 1972. It was broadcast on NBC on Sundays from 8:30 to 9:00 p.m. Eastern Time throughout its run.

Episodes
SOURCES:

Home release
On January 21, 2014, Warner Home Video released The Jimmy Stewart Show: The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1, via their Warner Archive Collection. This is a manufacture-on-demand (MOD) release, available via WBShop.com and Amazon.com.

title: The Jimmy Stewart Show


text:
Richemont

Compagnie Financière Richemont S.A., commonly known as Richemont, is a Switzerland-based luxury goods holding company founded in 1988 by South African businessman Johann Rupert. Through its various subsidiaries, Richemont produces and sells jewellery, watches, leather goods, pens, firearms, clothing, and accessories. Richemont is publicly traded as CFR on the SIX Swiss Exchange and the JSE.

The brands it owns include A. Lange & Söhne, Alaïa, AZ Factory, Baume & Mercier, Buccellati, Cartier, Chloé, Delvaux, Dunhill, IWC Schaffhausen, Jaeger-LeCoultre, Montblanc, Mr Porter, Net-a-Porter, Panerai, Piaget, Peter Millar, Purdey, Roger Dubuis, Serapian, The Outnet, TimeVallée, Vacheron Constantin, Van Cleef & Arpels, Vhernier, Watchfinder & Co., and Yoox.

As of 2017, Richemont was the third-largest luxury goods company in the world after LVMH and Estée Lauder Companies. As of October 2023, Compagnie Financière Richemont S.A. was the sixth-largest corporation by market capitalization in the Swiss Market Index.

History
Johann Rupert founded Compagnie Financière Richemont S.A. when he spun off the international assets of Rembrandt Group Ltd. (now Remgro Limited), a South Africa-based company founded in the 1940s by his father, Anton Rupert. The division, originally founded on 5 March 1979 as Intercontinental Mining and Resources S.A., was later renamed IMR Group S.A. on 31 March 1987 and finally Richemont S.A. on 17 August 1988. The spin-off was completed on 20 September 1988. The luxury goods investments of Rembrandt Group combined with Rothmans International formed the initial group of Richemont subsidiaries.

In October 2008, the Group divested all of its remaining interests in the tobacco industry.

As of 2014, Richemont is the second-largest luxury goods company in the world after LVMH.

In 2015, Richemont's Net-a-Porter Group was merged with the YOOX Group in an all-share transaction. In August 2022, Richemont announced the prospective sale of a 47.5% stake in Yoox Net-a-Porter (YNAP) to Farfetch in exchange for Farfetch shares, and the sale of a 3.2% stake to Mohamed Alabbar. In January 2024, Farfetch was acquired by Korean e-commerce company Coupang, and delisted, which ended Richemont's planned sale of the YNAP majority stake.

In 2018, Jérôme Lambert was named CEO of Richemont Group.

The compensation of the Richemont group's executives increased by an average of 14% in 2018.

In July 2023, Richemont acquired a 70% stake in Italian shoemaker Gianvito Rossi.

As of October 2023, Compagnie Financière Richemont S.A. was the sixth-largest corporation by market capitalization in the Swiss Market Index.

In May 2024, Nicolas Bos, the head of Van Cleef & Arpels was appointed CEO effective June 1 2024, replacing Jérôme Lambert. Jérôme Lambert would stay at Richemont Group as Chief Operating Officer reporting to Bos.

In May 2024, Richemont acquired Italian jewellery brand Vhernier for an undisclosed sum.

Organization
Compagnie Financière Richemont S.A. organizes its business activities into three operating divisions: Jewellery Maisons, Specialist Watchmakers, and Other Businesses.

Cartier, Van Cleef & Arpels, and Buccellati constitute the Jewellery Maisons.

The Specialist Watchmakers group is composed of A. Lange & Söhne, Baume & Mercier, IWC Schaffhausen, Jaeger-LeCoultre, Officine Panerai, Piaget, Roger Dubuis, and Vacheron Constantin.

The Other Businesses division includes Alaïa, AZ Factory, Chloé, Delvaux, Dunhill, Montblanc, Peter Millar, Purdey, and Serapian.

Ownership and control
As of 2023, Compagnie Financière Rupert, a Swiss company that holds shares controlled and principally owned by Johann Rupert, was the only significant shareholder of Richemont with 3% or more of the voting rights. It held 6,263,000 Richemont Class "A" shares and 522,000,000 Richemont Class "B" registered shares, representing 10% of the equity of the company and controlling 51% of the company's voting rights.

Subsidiaries
Richemont's portfolio is made up of Maisons (brands).

The following companies are wholly owned subsidiaries of Compagnie Financière Richemont S.A., unless otherwise noted.

Jewellery

 * Buccellati – jewellery and watches; based in Milan, Italy
 * Cartier – jewellery, watches, leather goods, fragrances, eyewear and accessories; based in Paris, France
 * Van Cleef & Arpels – jewellery and watches; based in Paris, France
 * Vhernier – jewellery and high jewellery; based in Milan, Italy

Specialist watchmakers

 * A. Lange & Söhne – watches; based in Glashütte, Germany
 * Baume & Mercier – watches; based in Geneva, Switzerland
 * IWC Schaffhausen – watches; based in Schaffhausen, Switzerland
 * Jaeger-LeCoultre – watches; based in Le Sentier, Switzerland
 * Panerai – watches; based in Geneva, Switzerland
 * Piaget – jewellery, watches; based in Geneva, Switzerland
 * Roger Dubuis – watches; based in Geneva, Switzerland
 * Vacheron Constantin – watches; based in Geneva, Switzerland

Fashion and accessories

 * Alaïa – women's fashion; based in Paris, France
 * AZ Factory – women's fashion joint venture with Alber Elbaz; based in Paris, France
 * Chloé – women's fashion; based in Paris, France
 * Delvaux – leather goods; based in Brussels, Belgium
 * Dunhill – men's clothing and leather goods; based in London, England
 * Gianvito Rossi (majority stake) – shoes
 * Montblanc – writing instruments and watches; based in Hamburg, Germany
 * Peter Millar – men's and women's apparel; based in Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.
 * Purdey – firearms, clothing, gifts, leather goods, and the Royal Berkshire Shooting School; based in London, United Kingdom
 * Serapian – leather goods; based in Milan, Italy
 * Watchfinder & Co. – second-hand watches; based in Kings Hill, United Kingdom
 * Yoox Net-a-Porter Group (majority stake) – ecommerce; based in Milan, Italy

Former investments
Richemont acquired British clothing retailer Hackett Limited in 1992. On 2 June 2005, Richemont announced its sale to Spanish investment company Torreal S.C.R., S.A.

In 1998, Richemont bought a controlling stake in Shanghai Tang. In July 2017, Richemont announced that it had sold Shanghai Tang to a group of investors headed by Italian entrepreneur Alessandro Bastagli.

In 2000, the Group sold its minority stake in Vivendi, representing its exit from all previous media interests, which had included NetHold and Canal+.

Richemont and Mimi So formed a joint venture in 2004, Richemont's first investment in an American brand. In 2007, Richemont requested to become the majority partner of the joint venture. Mimi So declined and purchased Richemont's stake in the venture.

Richemont and Polo Ralph Lauren Corporation formed a 50/50 joint venture called The Polo Ralph Lauren Watch and Jewelry Company, S.A.R.L., in March 2007. The joint venture lasted until 2018.

In 2008, Richemont spun off all of its non-luxury goods businesses, principally Richemont's stake in British American Tobacco, into a newly formed, separately traded holding company, Reinet Investments S.C.A.

In 2018, Richemont sold Lancel to the Italian leather goods company Piquadro Group.

Website blocking
In October 2014, the first blocking order against trademark-infringing consumer goods was passed against the major British Internet service providers by Richemont, Cartier International and Montblanc to block several domains selling trademark-infringing products.

title: Richemont


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Kegelcisor

Kegelcisor/Kegel exerciser was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Advertisement. RickK 22:00, Jul 18, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * It's an promotion (though for once, there was no link to the company's website), it appeared on Oprah, it has only 1240 Google hits, and there are no doubt other patented sex toys without a Wikipedia article. Delete.  --Ardonik 01:07, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * It's kind of weird. It sounds like a kegel device but then swerves off into sex toys.  Ad.  Delete, though weakly. Geogre 03:01, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Promotional, delete. I've seen these recently in one of those catalogs, I don't remember which, Sharper Image or Herrington or Hammacher Schlemmer--where it was presented as a Kegel exercise device with a nudge-nudge-wink-wink suggestion of other uses. Anyway it's an ad. Delete. Dpbsmith 16:18, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Kegel exercise. -- Cyrius|✎ 03:01, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text:
Seacat

Seacat or SeaCat may refer to:

 * Seacat missile, a short-range surface-to-air missile system
 * SeaCat (1992–2004), ferry company formerly operating from between Northern Ireland, Scotland and England
 * The Sea-Cat, an imaginary monster from Flann O'Brien's novel An Béal Bocht
 * Atlantic wolffish
 * Sandra Seacat (born 1936), American actress and acting coach
 * Sea Cat, a surface-to-air missile
 * SeaCat, a former Scottish ferry service
 * SeaCat Tasmania, former name of the ferry HSC Emeraude France
 * Sea Cat, a Dungeons & Dragons monster.
 * Ariidae, a family of catfish sometimes called "sea cat" or "sea catfish".
 * Black-tailed gull, a family of gulls sometimes called umineko ("sea cat" in Japanese) due to their cat-like calls.
 * Umineko When They Cry, a visual novel often nicknamed "seacats" by fans due to the name (which refers to the black-tailed gull).

title: Seacat


text:
Talk:Efrem Zimblast Jr.

Article listed on WP:VFD Jul 18 to Jul 24 2004, consensus was not reached. Discussion:

A botched spelling of Efrem Zimbalist Jr., an article that already exists with the same content. Gamaliel 22:00, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I made it a redirect. Keep.  RickK 22:03, Jul 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * I still vote for delete. We don't need a redirect for every conceivable typo.  Gamaliel
 * Delete the redirect, before it establishes a precedent to redirect uncommon misspellings. --Ardonik 01:10, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. This is misleading, sets a bad precedent, and is generally very silly. Jeeves 01:27, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * The policy is that we don't create redirects just because someone might misspell. But once an article has been created, we don't delete the redirect unless or until it is in the way of some other page. Right now, this is a harmless redirect.  Keep. Rossami 01:31, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep misspelling redirect. The fact that an article was created at the misspelling is decent evidence that the redirect is needed. I don't see transforming "balist" into "blast" as being that uncommon. -- Cyrius|✎ 03:03, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete Misspellings are for web bots and search engines, not encyclopedias. Arevich 04:16, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep I disagree with Arevich, I think humans are more prone to error than computers. I misspell people's names when trying to look them up, so such redirect pages are useful. Brequinda 16:08, 23 Jul, 2004 (BST)
 * Keep as redirect—phonetically misspelled redirects are appropriate. Postdlf 15:12, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

End archived discussion

title: Talk:Efrem Zimblast Jr.


text:
User talk:CrevanReaver

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

title: User talk:CrevanReaver


text:
Renamo-UE

The RENAMO-Electoral Union (RENAMO-União Electoral) is an alliance of political parties in Mozambique, led by the Mozambican National Resistance (Resistência Nacional Moçambicana) of Afonso Dhlakama.

In the parliamentary election held on 1–2 December 2004, the alliance received 29.7% of the popular vote and won 90 out of 250 seats. Its presidential candidate, Afonso Dhlakama, won 31.7% of the popular vote.

Aside from RENAMO, other parties in the alliance are:
 * Independent Alliance of Mozambique (Aliança Independente de Moçambique)
 * Mozambican Nationalist Movement (Movimento Nacionalista Moçambicano)
 * National Convention Party (Partido de Convenção Nacional)
 * National Unity Party (Partido de Unidade Nacional)
 * Front of Patriotic Action (Frente de Ação Patriotica)
 * People's Party of Mozambique (Partido Popular de Moçambique)
 * United Front of Mozambique (Frente Unida de Moçambique)

title: Renamo-UE


text:
Under the Umbrella Tree

Under the Umbrella Tree is a Canadian children's television series created by Noreen Young that originally aired on CBC from 1987 to 1993. It was produced by CBC and Noreen Young Productions, and later by The Disney Channel, which began airing it on May 7, 1990.

The series centers on a quartet of main characters who share a house on Spring Street in a suburb of Ottawa, Ontario. The characters include Holly (a human), Iggy (an iguana), Jacob (a blue jay), and Gloria (a gopher). The show's title is derived from the fact that the characters live together in a home featuring a prominent indoor umbrella tree.

When production of the show ended in 1993, syndication continued on The Disney Channel and Canal Famille until 1997. Twenty-seven episodes of the show were released to DVD by Cinerio Entertainment in partnership with Noreen Young in 2006, following a long wait for expiration of ownership rights. In 2019, Gloria, Iggy and Jacob were featured in episode 1 of Cavendish, in Andy and Mark's childhood bedroom. In 2020, the original cast (Holly Larocque, Noreen Young, Stephen Brathwaite and Bob Stutt) reunited to make a video called Under the Umbrella Tree: The Mask Special, which was uploaded to YouTube and Facebook.

Premise
A total of 285 episodes were produced over the years, with 270 being 15 minutes long and 15 being 30-minute specials. Every episode focuses on a different theme, such as sports, holidays, singing, dancing, exercise and various other activities. Valuable life lessons are often woven into every story, such as the importance of keeping promises, being considerate of others or assuming responsibility for one's actions. The show's characters were created by Ken Sobol, who also wrote the majority of the series episodes. Sobol had previously worked closely with Noreen Young on Readalong and Téléfrançais, two other children's television series.

Main

 * Gloria Gladys Grace Gabrielle Gardenia Glenda Gale Gopher (performed by Noreen Young) – Gloria is the only female puppet in the Umbrella Tree household and lives and sleeps underneath it, entering her burrow from behind the couch. She enjoys music and other performing arts, keeping her more particular interests secret, even from her best friends. She is a tomboy and does not like being treated like a girl.
 * Holly Penelope Higgins (played by Holly Larocque) – The only human character. She serves as a parental figure and mentor for the three puppet characters, although she considers them more as her "roommates". She handles most of the cleaning and cooking and pays the rent. She is funny, artistic, patient and generous. She has an Uncle Jack (played by Don Westwood) and an Aunt Jill who never visits; they are a musical duo in England.
 * Ignatz "Iggy" Julio Iguana (performed by Bob Stutt) – Iggy sleeps on the shelf at the Umbrella Tree residence, sometimes thinking too highly of himself and making honest mistakes. He plays guitar when not rivaling his friend Jacob in sports and beyond. His uncle, Rod Iguana, lives in Arizona, as do his cousins, Emmet and Camille. The shortest of the group, he habitually tricks people into looking at their shirts, then points at their noses and laughs.
 * Jacob Barnaby Blue (performed by Stephen Brathwaite) – Jacob sometimes enters the house by flying through open windows. He usually sleeps in his own bird house on the patio. Other times, he invents things which seldom work as he plans, resulting in a humorous outcome. He tends to get things mixed up and say "I knew that" when he learns something. He is the second-tallest of the group. As revealed in "How it All Began", he was the apartment's original occupant. Iggy and Gloria soon followed; Holly came later. He was named after his twenty-times great-grandfather, Sir Jacob of Blue, said to have invented the catapult, defeated the evil Duke of Doublepeck and married the good Lady Flyella.

Other

 * Lewis A. Byrd (performed by Bob Stutt) – Lewis is a friend of the Umbrella Tree gang who works at the Bird Migration Office, usually involved in festivities outside the apartment or in dialogue within several episodes. He is a stuffy workaholic who needs to feel needed. He is well known for overusing the term "indeed" and usually adds the phrase "hmm, indeed!" at the end of his statements. He also has a crush on Holly, which is revealed in the Valentine's Day episode with his secret admirer attempts.
 * Mitzi the Dog (performed by Holly Larocque) – Mitzi is Gloria's best friend who is always seeming to get either herself or Gloria in trouble.
 * Charles "Chuck" Chickadee (performed by Bob Stutt) – Chuck is Jacob's best friend who is extremely talkative and sometimes gets on everyone's nerves because of this.
 * Chester Chickadee (performed by Stephen Brathwaite) - Chuck's father.
 * Charlene Chickadee (performed by Noreen Young) – Chuck's mother.
 * Chelsea Chickadee (performed by Noreen Young) - Chuck's little sister.
 * Mrs. McMertree (performed by Noreen Young) - One of the gang's neighbours. She's known for wearing feather-themed clothes. Has a cousin named Madame Sonya.
 * Simon the Bat (performed by Bob Dermer) - A bat who is scared of people.
 * E. Lizard-Beth Taylor - A lizard movie star that Iggy idolizes.
 * Emmet Iguana (performed by Bob Stutt) - A cousin of Iggy's, he used to be rather clumsy.
 * Mrs. Annabelle Higgins - Holly's mother.
 * Lorraine (played by Holly Larocque) - Holly's Irish cousin.
 * Matt and Martha - Two mice.
 * Waldo Bunny (performed by Bob Stutt) - A smart bunny who is into computers.
 * Calvin Crow - a gluttonous crow.
 * Annette Parakeet (performed by Bob Stutt) - A female parakeet friend of Jacob's who plays basketball with him.
 * Darleen Swan (performed by Noreen Young) - a swan ballerina.
 * Mr. Fuller - A clumsy goat who runs the "Gifts and Gimmicks" shop.
 * Rusty - A dog.
 * Goldberg (played by Harvey Atkin) - A Jewish magician.
 * Mr. Pleck (played by Dean Hagopian) - The group's Polish neighbour.

Broadcast
In 1997, Under the Umbrella Tree reruns were placed on hiatus, after The Disney Channel stopped allowing the airing of the program and shelved the episodes. Since Disney owned all rights to the show, airing reruns on another television station was not possible until the rights expired in 2005. From 2009 to 2011, Under The Umbrella Tree aired on TV3 Medford weekdays and weekends as part of the network's children's block.

Starting in 2018 a number of episodes had been made available on the Canada Media Fund's YouTube channel Encore+ in both English and French. However, on December 1, 2022, Encore+ shut down its French- and English-language YouTube pages.

Episodes

 * Going Bananas
 * Birdbrain
 * Chez Iggy
 * Chickadee Tea
 * Farewell Findley
 * Gingerbread House
 * Gloria Can't Sleep
 * Gloria the Reporter
 * Hanky Panky
 * Jacob's Girlfriends
 * Migration Party
 * The Best Hiding Place Ever
 * Uncle Jack Comes Back
 * An Afternoon Off
 * Cranky Movie
 * Gloria Gets Rough
 * Hamster Hullabaloo
 * Hiccups
 * Neat!
 * The Trombone
 * Live & Learn
 * Love
 * Everybody's Garden
 * Baseball Fever
 * Under the Umbrella Tree
 * The Scarecrow
 * Totem Pole

DVD releases
In 2006, Noreen Young Productions in unison with Cinerio Entertainment began selling several episodes on DVD. To date, eight volumes have been released, with Volumes 1, 2, 3 & 4 featuring all-new introductions to the episodes with Iggy, Gloria and Jacob, played by their original performers.

 * Volume 1: Bird-Brain, Hamster Hullabaloo, The Trombone, The Best Hiding Place Ever, Uncle Jack Comes Back.
 * Volume 2: Chez Iggy, Hanky Panky, The Gingerbread House, Love-Valentine's Day (1/2 hour Special).
 * Volume 3: To The Dentist, Migration Party, Jacob's Girlfriends, Going Bananas, Stargazing.
 * Volume 4: Gloria Gets Rough, Private, The Aqua Show, Live and Learn: Back To School (1/2 hour Special).
 * Volume 5: Twins, Cranky Movie, Chickadee Tea, Christmas Under The Umbrella Tree (1/2 hour Special).
 * Volume 6: Iggy's Collection, The Princess and the Pea Soup, Sir Jacob of Blue, The Tooth Fairy, Small Worlds.
 * Volume 7: Growing, Gloria's Allowance, The Accordion Lesson, Piano Lessons (1/2 hour Special featuring Jon Kimura Parker).
 * Volume 8: Safety Poster Contest, Gloria Can't Sleep, Singing Telegrams, Hockey Holly, Iggy's Airlines.

title: Under the Umbrella Tree


text:
Longstreet

Longstreet or Long Street may refer to:

Places

 * Longstreet, Louisiana, a village
 * Longstreet, Mississippi, an unincorporated community
 * Long Street, Buckinghamshire, England
 * Longstreet, Wiltshire, England

Streets

 * Long Street (Cape Town), a popular entertainment district in Cape Town, South Africa
 * Long Street (Tetbury), a popular antique shop street in Tetbury, UK

Other uses

 * Longstreet (surname)
 * Longstreet (TV series), a television series about a blind detective
 * Longstreet (film), a made-for-television movie
 * Operation Longstreet, a 2003 coalition military operation of the Iraq War

title: Longstreet


text: Category:West Yorkshire

title: Category:West Yorkshire


text: Category:Microcontrollers

title: Category:Microcontrollers


text:
Talk:List of office-holders

Article listed on WP:VFD Jul 18 to Jul 24 2004, consensus was to redirect. Discussion:

This list is so vague in its meaning I think the parameters of what can be listed here are much too wide apart. I mean, I'm an office-holder in at least two senses of the word, as an employee of a local government organisation and as the trustee of a charity; do I get to go on this list? -- Graham ☺ | Talk 22:05, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)

STRONG keep! This is very useful information. This used to be at List of incumbents, but it got moved, I don't know why, but whatever the title, DO NOT delete this info. RickK 22:35, Jul 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * But there are only two entries in this list? I'm having trouble understanding why you think it's so important.  --Ardonik 01:18, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Far too vague. Delete.  Exploding Boy 02:22, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, my bad. I confused it with Lists of office-holders, into which this article should be merged.  RickK 04:22, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * The only two entries on this list are already included with that other one, so I change my nomination (above) to redirect -- Graham ☺ | Talk 17:47, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * NO!!!!!! DO NOT DELETE THIS ARTICLE!!!! -- Patricknoddy 16:39 Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)
 * Why not? If the info is already on another list, I'd vote to redirect this. - Lucky 6.9 22:04, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect, redundant. -- Cyrius|✎ 03:03, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

End archived discussion

title: Talk:List of office-holders


text:
User talk:Jjb

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File permission problem with File:Daniel B Klein, economist (2012).jpg
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Nomination of Live Smashing Pumpkins for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Live Smashing Pumpkins is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Live Smashing Pumpkins until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

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Re SP Members
Hi Jjb. We can re-open discussions on this if you like. I was under the impression that they were currently correct, but I am open to hear what you have to say on it. (I'm pretty familiar with their background too, so hopefully that mix of knowledge of the band and Wiki-policy can be helpful.) As far as mentioning Matt Walker more frequently, I see no problem with that without discussion, unless/until someone feels you're focusing on him a little too much. As far as the membership stuff goes, lets discuss it. Do you prefer Smashing Pumpkins or List of The Smashing Pumpkins band members? Let's reconvene there. Sergecross73  msg me   14:34, 16 July 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Jjb


text:
Samanid Empire

The Samanid Empire, also known as the Samanian Empire, Samanid dynasty, Samanid amirate, or simply as the Samanids, was a Persianate Sunni Muslim empire, of Iranian dehqan origin. The empire was centred in Khorasan and Transoxiana; at its greatest extent encompassing northeastern Iran and Central Asia, from 819 to 999.

Four brothers—Nuh, Ahmad, Yahya, and Ilyas—founded the Samanid state. Each of them ruled territories under Abbasid suzerainty. In 892, Ismail Samani (892–907) united the Samanid state under one ruler, thus effectively putting an end to the feudal system used by the Samanids. It was also under him that the Samanids became independent of Abbasid authority. However, by 945, the government was under the de facto control of the Turkic military slave faction, and the Samanid family's authority had become purely symbolic.

The Samanid Empire is part of the Iranian Intermezzo, which saw the creation of a Persianate culture and identity that brought Iranian speech and traditions into the fold of the Islamic world. This later contributed to the formation of the Turko-Persian culture.

The Samanids promoted the arts, giving rise to the advancement of science and literature, and thus attracted scholars such as Rudaki, Ferdowsi, and Avicenna. While under Samanid control, Bukhara was a rival to Baghdad in its glory. Scholars note that the Samanids revived Persian language and culture more than the Buyids and the Saffarids while continuing to use Arabic for sciences as well as religious studies. They considered themselves to be descendants of the Sasanian Empire. In a famous edict, Samanid authorities declared that "here, in this region, the language is Persian, and the kings of this realm are Persian kings."

Origins
The Samanid dynasty was founded by Saman Khuda, his descendants became rulers of the Samanid Empire. He was a dehqan of Iranian origin from the village of Saman in Balkh province, in present-day northern Afghanistan. The earliest appearance of the Samanid family appears to be in Greater Khorasan rather than Transoxiana. In some sources, the Samanids claimed to be descended from the House of Mihran of Bahram Chobin. It has been claimed that the House of Saman belonged to the Oghuz Turks, although the veracity is unlikely. Originally a Zoroastrian, Saman Khuda converted to Islam during the governorship of Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri in Khorasan, and named his oldest son as Asad ibn Saman in the governor's honour. In 819, the governor of Greater Khorasan, Ghassan ibn Abbad, rewarded the four sons of Asad ibn Saman for their aid against the rebel Rafi ibn al-Layth. Nuh ibn Asad received Samarkand; Ahmad ibn Asad received Farghana; Yahya ibn Asad received Tashkent, and Ilyas ibn Asad received Herat.

The Samanids in Herat (819–857)
Ilyas died in 856, and his son Ibrahim ibn Ilyas became his successor. The Tahirid governor of Khorasan, Muhammad ibn Tahir, subsequently appointed him as the commander of his army, and sent him on an expedition against the Saffarid ruler Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar in Sistan. After facing defeat in battle near Pushang in 857, he fled to Nishapur, only to be captured by Ya'qub al-Saffar and sent to Sistan as a hostage.

The Samanid dynasty in Transoxiana (819–892)
In 839/40, Nuh seized Isfijab from the nomadic pagan Turks living in the steppe. Consequently, he had a wall constructed around the city to protect it from their attacks. He died in 841/2—his two brothers Yahya and Ahmad, were then appointed as the joint rulers of the city by the Tahirid governor of Khorasan. After Yahya died in 855, Ahmad took control over Châch, thus becoming the ruler of most of Transoxiana. He died in 864/5; his son Nasr I received Farghana and Samarkand, while his other son Ya'qub received Châch (areas around modern Tashkent/Chachkent).

Meanwhile, the Tahirids' authority had significantly weakened after suffering several defeats to Saffarid ruler Ya'qub al-Saffar. Hence, causing the Tahirids to lose their grip over the Samanids, who became more or less independent. Nasr I, used this opportunity to strengthen his authority by sending his brother Ismail to Bukhara, which was in an unstable condition after suffering from raids by the Afrighid dynasty of Khwarazm. When Ismail reached the city, he was warmly received by its inhabitants, who saw him as one who could restore order.

After not so long, disagreement over where to distribute tax money caused a conflict between the brothers. Ismail was eventually victorious in the dynastic struggle and took control of the Samanid state. However, Nasr had been the one who had been invested with Transoxiana, and the Abbasid caliphs continued to recognize him as the rightful ruler. Because of this, Ismail continued to recognize his brother as well, but Nasr was completely powerless, a situation that would continue until his death in August 892.

Final unification and height of power (892–907)
Following Nasr's death, Ismail moved the capital of the Samanid dynasty from Samarkand to Bukhara. A few months later the Saffarid emir, Ya'qub al-Saffar, also died and was succeeded by his brother Amr ibn al-Layth, who saw himself as the heir of the Saffarids. In the spring of 900, Amr clashed with Ismail near Balkh, but was defeated and taken into captivity. Ismail thereafter sent him to Baghdad, where he was executed. Ismail was thereafter recognized as the ruler of all of Khorasan and Transoxiana by the caliph. Furthermore, he also received the investiture over Tabaristan, Ray and Isfahan. It was also during this period that the Afrighid dynasty was forced into submission.

Before Ismail Samani's major victory against the Saffarids, he had made various expeditions in Transoxiana; in 892, he put an end to the Principality of Ushrusana by seizing all of its lands. During the same period, he put an end to the Bukhar Khudas in Bukhara. In 893, Ismail Samani invaded the territories of the Karluk Turks, taking Talas and converting the Nestorian church there into a mosque. The same year, he conducted a campaign to gather slaves, taking ten to fifteen thousand captives. The Samanid slave trade was the main trade income of the Samanid Empire, forming the base of economy of the state.

In 900, Ismail sent an army under Muhammad ibn Harun al-Sarakhsi against Muhammad ibn Zayd, the Zaydi ruler of Tabaristan and Gorgan. The invasion was successful; Muhammad ibn Zayd was killed and Tabaristan was conquered by the Samanids. However, Muhammad ibn Harun shortly revolted, forcing Ismail himself to invade the region the following year. Muhammad ibn Harun thereafter fled to Daylam, while Ismail reconquered Tabaristan and Gorgan. In 901, Amr Saffari was defeated at the battle of Balkh by the Samanids, which reduced the Saffarid dynasty to a minor tributary in Sistan. It was during this period that the Samanids were at their height of power, ruling as far as Qazvin in the west and Peshawar in the east.

Ismail is known in history as a competent general and a strong ruler; many stories about him are written in Arabic and Persian sources. Furthermore, because of his campaigns in the north, his empire was so safe from enemy incursions that the defences of Bukhara and Samarkand went unused. However, this later had consequences; at the end of the dynasty, the walls—earlier strong, but now falling apart—were greatly missed by the Samanids, who were constantly under attack by the Karakhanids and other enemies.

Ismail died in November 907, and was succeeded by his son Ahmad Samani (r. 907–914).

Intermediate period (907–961)
Not long after his accession, Ahmad invaded Sistan; by 911, Sistan was under complete Samanid control, and Ahmad's cousin Abu Salih Mansur was appointed as its governor. Meanwhile, an Alid named Hasan al-Utrush was slowly re-establishing Zaydi over Tabaristan. In 913, Ahmad sent an army under Muhammad ibn Sa'luk to deal with him. Although the Samanid army was much larger, Hasan managed to emerge victorious. Ahmad, before he could plan another expedition to Tabaristan, was the following year murdered by some of his slaves in a tent near Bukhara. During his reign, Ahmad is also said to have replaced the language of the court from Persian to Arabic, which made him unpopular among his subjects, and forced him to change it back to Persian. After Ahmad's death, his eight-year-old son Nasr II (r. 914–943) succeeded him. Due to Nasr's youth, his prime minister Abu 'Abd-Allah al-Jaihani took care over most of the state affairs. Jaihani was not only an experienced administrator, but also a prominent geographer and greatly educated man. Almost right after Nasr II had ascended the throne, several revolts erupted, the most dangerous one being under his paternal grand-uncle, Ishaq ibn Ahmad, who seized Samarkand and began minting coins there, while his son Abu Salih Mansur seized Nishapur and several cities in Khorasan. Ishaq was eventually defeated and captured, while Abu Salih Mansur died of natural causes in 915. Some time later Nasr II once again had to deal with rebels; in 919, the governor of Khorasan, Husayn ibn Ali Marvarrudhi, rebelled against Samanid authority. Nasr responded by sending an army under Ahmad ibn Sahl to suppress the rebellion, which the latter managed to accomplish. After a few weeks, however, Ahmad shortly rebelled himself at Nishapur, made incursions into Gorgan, and then fortified himself in Merv to avoid a Samanid counter-attack. Nevertheless, the Samanid general Hamuya ibn Ali managed to lure Ahmad out of Merv, and defeated him in a battle at Marw al-Rudh; he was captured and imprisoned in Bukhara, where he remained until his death in 920.

In the west, Nasr II clashed several times with Daylamite and Gilite rulers; In 921, the Zaydids under the Gilite ruler Lili ibn al-Nu'man invaded Khorasan, but were defeated by the Simjurid general Simjur al-Dawati. Later in 930, a Dailamite military leader, Makan ibn Kaki, seized Tabaristan and Gurgan, and even took possession of Nishapur in western Khorasan. He was, however, forced to withdraw back to Tabaristan one year later, due to the threat that Samanids posed. Makan then returned to Tabaristan, where he was defeated by the Ziyarid ruler Mardavij, who managed to conquer the region. In 935, Nasr II re-established Samanid control in Gurgan and made Mardavij's successor Vushmgir his vassal. However, in 939 he declared independence, but was defeated the following year at Iskhabad.

In 943 several Samanid army officers, angry at Nasr's support of Isma'ili missionaries, formed a conspiracy to murder him. Nasr's son Nuh I, however, learned of the conspiracy. He went to a banquet designed to organize the plot and had the head of their leader cut off. To appease the other officers, he promised to stop the Isma'ili missionaries from continuing their activities. He then convinced his father to abdicate, who died of tuberculosis after a few months.

Right when Nuh I ascended the throne, a revolt erupted in Khwarazm, which he managed to suppress. Later in 945, he had to deal with the Muhtajid ruler Abu 'Ali Chaghani, who refused to relinquish his post as governor of Khorasan to Ibrahim ibn Simjur. Abu 'Ali Chaghani then rebelled, and was joined by several prominent figures such as Abu Mansur Muhammad, whom he appointed as his commander-in-chief. In 947, he installed Nuh's uncle Ibrahim ibn Ahmad as amir in Bukhara. Abu 'Ali Chaghani then returned to his domains in Chaghaniyan. Ibrahim, however, was unpopular with the people of Bukhara, and Nuh soon retaliated by retaking the city and blinding Ibrahim and two brothers.

When Abu Ali Chaghani received the news of the re-capture of Bukhara, he once again marched towards it, but was defeated by an army sent by Nuh and withdrew back to Chaghaniyan. After some time, he left the region and tried to obtain support from other Samanid vassals. Meanwhile, Nuh had Chaghaniyan ravaged and its capital sacked. Another battle shortly ensued between Abu 'Ali Chaghani and a Samanid army in Tukharistan, which resulted in a Samanid victory. Fortunately for Abu Ali Chaghani, he managed to secure the support of other Samanid vassals, such as the rulers of Khuttal, and the Kumiji mountain people, but in the end made peace with Nuh, who allowed him to keep Chaghaniyan in return for sending his son Abu'l Muzaffar Abdallah as hostage to Bukhara. By 945, the Turkic military slave faction (who were formerly recruited by the Samanid rulers in positions of governance) were fully in charge of the government. By this time, the Samanid family only held nominal power; similar to how the Buyids held de facto power over the Abbasid Caliphate around the same time.

Alp Tigin, nominal vassal of the Samanids, conquered Ghazna in 962 from the Lawik dynasty. The fifth of these commanders was Sebüktigin, who governed Ḡazna for twenty years till 387 AH/997 CE with the title (as it appears from his tomb inscription ) of al-ḥājeb al-ajall (most noble commander). He would later be the founder of an independent dynasty based in Ghazna, following the decline of the Samanid Empire in the 990s.

Decline and fall (961–999)
The power of the Samanids began to crumble in the latter half of the 10th century. In 962, one of the ghulams, Alp Tigin, commander of the army in Khorasan, seized Ghazna and established himself there. His successors, however, including Sebük Tigin, continued to rule as Samanid "governors". With the weakened Samanids facing rising challenges from the Karakhanids for control of Transoxiana, Sebük later took control of all the provinces south of the Oxus and established the Ghaznavid Empire.

In 992, a Karakhanid, Harun Bughra Khan, grandson of the paramount tribal chief of the Karluk confederation Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan, captured Bukhara, the Samanid capital. Harun died shortly afterwards, however, and the Samanids returned to Bukhara. In 999, Nasr b. Ali, a nephew of Harun, returned and took possession of Bukhara, meeting little resistance. The Samanid domains were split up between the Ghaznavids, who gained Khorasan and Afghanistan, and the Karakhanids, who received Transoxiana; the Oxus River thus became the boundary between the two rival empires.

Isma'il Muntasir's attempt to resurrect the Samanid state (1000–1005)
Isma'il Muntasir was the youngest son of Nuh II—he was imprisoned by the Karakhanids after their conquest of Bukhara in 999. Some time later, Isma'il managed to escape to Khwarazm, where he gained support. Driving the Karakhanids out of Bukhara, he then moved on to and captured Samarkand. The approach of the Karakhanid army, however, forced Isma'il to give up all of his possessions, following which he travelled to Khorasan, where he captured Nishapur. Mahmud's army, however, made its way to the region, and Isma'il decided it necessary to flee again.

In 1003 Isma'il came back to Transoxiana, where he requested and received assistance from the Oghuz Turks of the Zarafshan valley. They defeated the Karakhanids in several battles, even when Nasr Khan was involved. For various reasons, however, Isma'il came to feel that he could not rely on the Oghuz to restore him, so he went back to Khorasan. He tried to gain Mahmud's support for a campaign to restore the Samanid state, but failed. Some time afterwards, he returned to the Zarafshan valley, where he gained the support of the Oghuz and others. A Karakhanid army was defeated in May 1004, but subsequently the Oghuz deserted Isma'il during another battle, and his army fell apart.

Fleeing to Khorasan yet again, Isma'il attempted to reenter Transoxiana in the end of 1004. The Karakhanids stopped this and Isma'il was nearly killed. Following this, he sought the hospitality of an Arab tribe near Merv. Their chief, however, killed Isma'il in 1005. His death marked the defeat of the last attempt to restore the Samanid state. Descendants of the Samanid family continued to live in Transoxiana where they were well regarded, but their power was relatively broken.

Iranian intermezzo
Along with several other states, the Samanid Empire was part of the Iranian Intermezzo, or "Persian renaissance". This period has been described as having a key importance in the formation of the Islamic civilization, both politically and culturally. In political terms, it saw an effective break up of the Abbasid power and the rise of several successor states such as the Samanids and Buyids while in cultural terms, it witnessed the rise of new Persian as an administrative and literary language.

Government
The system of the Samanid state was modelled after the Abbasid system, which in turn was modelled after the Sasanian system. The ruler of the state was the amir, and the provinces were governed by appointed governors or local vassal rulers. The administrative, political and economic affairs were administered by the divan, and the Samanid bureaucracy used Arabic in its diplomatic discourses. The economy was managed by the mustawfi, diplomatic correspondence and important state papers by the diwanal-rasa'il, and the royal guard and military affairs by the sahib al-shurta. The main responsibility of both governors and local rulers was to collect taxes and support the Samanid ruler with troops if needed. The most important province in the Samanid Empire was Khorasan, which was initially given to a relative of the Samanid ruler or a local Iranian prince (such as the Muhtajids), but was later given to one of his most trusted slaves. The governor of Khorasan was normally the sipah-salar (commander-in-chief).

Like in the Abbasid Caliphate, Turkic slaves could rise to high office in the Samanid state, which would sometimes give them enough power to nearly make the ruler their puppet.

Cultural and religious efforts
The Samanids revived Persian culture by patronizing Rudaki, Bal'ami and Daqiqi. The Samanids determinedly propagated Sunni Islam, and repressed Ismaili Shiism but were more tolerant of Twelver Shiism. Islamic architecture and Islamo-Persian culture was spread deep into the heartlands of Central Asia by the Samanids. Following the first complete translation of the Qur'an into Persian in the 9th century, populations under the Samanid empire began accepting Islam in significant numbers. The arabization of the Samanids was clearly minimal compared to the almost entirely arabized Tahirids. Despite Arabic literature and science flourishing in the Samanid Empire, its distance from Baghdad allowed the Samanids to be a crucial element in the renaissance of New Persian language and culture. This Persianate culture variant was the first to use a language besides Arabic in Islamic culture.

Although the Zoroastrian population had previously been suppressed by the Abbasid Caliphate, according to Al-Masudi, the Samanid empire still had fire-temples that were still being venerated by the present Zoroastrian population. Despite the fact that the Samanids professed Sunni Islam, however, they were much more tolerant towards its Zoroastrian population than the previous empires.

Through zealous missionary work as many as 30,000 tents of Turks came to profess Islam and later under the Ghaznavids more than 55,000 under the Hanafi school of thought. The mass conversion of the Turks to Islam eventually led to a growing influence of the Ghaznavids, who would later rule the region.

Under Nuh II, a Hanafi work, which was being used to contest Ismailism, was translated into Persian.

Agriculture and trading were the economic bases of the Samanid State. The Samanids heavily engaged in trade with Europe. Thousands of Samanid coins have been found in the Baltic and Scandinavia.

Literature
During the 9th and 10th centuries, there was a large amount of growth in literature, mostly in poetry. It was during the Samanid period that Persian literature appeared in Transoxiana and was formally recognized. The advancement of an Islamic New Persian literature thus started in Transoxiana and Khorasan instead of Fars, the homeland of the Persians. The best known poets of the Samanid period were Rudaki (d. 941), Daqiqi (d. 977) and Ferdowsi (d. 1020).

Although Persian was the most-favored language, Arabic continued to enjoy a high status and was still popular among the members of the Samanid family. For example, al-Tha'alibi wrote an Arabic anthology named Yatimat al-Dahr ("The Unique Pearl"). The fourth section of the anthology included a detailed account of the poets that lived under the Samanids. It also states that the poets of Khwarazm mostly wrote in Arabic.

The acknowledged founder of Persian classical poetry, and a man of great perception, was Rudaki, who was born in the village of Panjrudak, which is today part of the Panjakent District in Tajikistan. Rudaki was already becoming popular during his early years, due to his poems, his voice, and his great skill in using the chang (an Iranian instrument similar to the harp). He was shortly invited to the Samanid court, where he stayed almost the rest of his life. Fewer than 2,000 lines of his poetry have survived, but are enough to prove his great poetic skills—he perfected every basic verse form of medieval Persian poetry: mathnawi, qasida, ghazal and ruba'i.

"Look at the cloud, how it cries like a grieving man
 * Thunder moans like a lover with a broken heart.
 * Now and then the sun peeks from behind the clouds
 * Like a prisoner hiding from the guard." – Rudaki

Another prominent poet was Shahid Balkhi, born in the village of Jakhudanak near Balkh. Not much is known about his life, but he is mentioned as being one of the best poets in the court of Nasr II, and one of the best scholars of the age. He was also a student of Rudaki, and had close relations with him. He died in 936, a few years before Rudaki's death. His death saddened Rudaki, who afterwards wrote an emotional elegy about him.

Daqiqi, who was a native of Tus, began his career at the court of the Muhtajid ruler Abu'l Muzaffar ibn Muhammad in Chaghaniyan, and was later invited to the Samanid court. Under the Samanids, a special interest arose in ancient Iranian legends and heroic traditions, thus inspiring Daqiqi to write the Shahnameh ("The Book of Kings"), a long epic poem based on the history of the Iranians. However, by his death in 977, he had only managed to complete a small part of it, which was about the conflict between Gushtasp and Arjasp.

However, the most prominent poet of that age was Ferdowsi, born in Tus in 940 to a dehqan family. It was during his youth that there was a period of growth under the Samanids. The rapid growth of interest in ancient Iranian history made him continue the work of Daqiqi, completing the Shahnameh in 994, only a few years before the fall of the Samanid Empire. He later completed a second version of the Shahnameh in 1010, which he presented to the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud. However, his work was not as appreciated by the Ghaznavids as it had been by the Samanids.

Population
Under the Samanid Empire, the Zarafshan valley, Kashka Darya and Usrushana were populated by Sogdians; Tukharistan by the Bactrians; Khwarezm by the Khwarazmians; the Ferghana valley by the Ferghanans; southern Khorasan by Khorasanians; and the Pamir mountains and environs by the Saka and other early Iranian peoples. All these groups were of Iranian ethnicity and spoke dialects of Middle Iranian and New Persian. In the words of Negmatov, "they were the basis for the emergence and gradual consolidation of what became an Eastern Persian-Tajik ethnic identity."

Language
Ferghana, Samarkand, and Bukhara were starting to be linguistically Persianized in originally Khwarazmian and Sogdian areas during Samanid rule. The Persian language spread and led to the extinction of Eastern Iranian languages like Bactrian and Khwarezmian with only a tiny amount of Sogdian-descended Yaghnobi speakers remaining among the now Persian-speaking Tajik population of Central Asia. This was due to the fact that the Arab-Islamic army which invaded Central Asia at the time also included some Persians who later governed the region like the Samanids. Persian was rooted into Central Asia by the Samanids.

Intellectual life
In the 9th and 10th centuries, intellectual life in Transoxiana and Khorasan reached a high level. In the words of N.N. Negmatov, "It was inevitable that the local Samanid dynasty, seeking support among its literate classes, should cultivate and promote local cultural traditions, literacy and literature."

The main Samanid towns – Bukhara, Samarkand, Balkh, Merv, Nishapur, Khujand, Bunjikath, Hulbuk, Termez and others, became the major cultural centres under the state. Scholars, poets, artists and other men of education from many Muslim countries assembled in the Samanid capital of Bukhara, where a rich soil was created for the prosper of creative thought, thus making it one of the most distinguished cultural centres of the Eastern world. An outstanding library known as Siwān al-Hikma ("Storehouse of Wisdom") was put together in Bukhara, known for its various types of books.

Arts
Due to extensive excavations at Nishapur, Iran, in the mid-twentieth century, Samanid pottery is well-represented in Islamic art collections around the world. These ceramics are largely made from earthenware and feature either calligraphic inscriptions of Arabic proverbs, or colorful figural decorations. The Arabic proverbs often speak to the values of "Adab" culture—hospitality, generosity, and modesty.

Legacy
In commending the Samanids, the epic Persian poet Ferdowsi says of them:

کجا آن بزرگان ساسانیان

ز بهرامیان تا به سامانیان

"Where have all the great Sasanians gone?

From the Bahrāmids to the Samanids what has come upon?"

A Bukharian historian writing in 943 stated that Ismail Samani: "was indeed worthy and right for padishahship. He was an intelligent, just, compassionate person, one possessing reason and prescience...he conducted affairs with justice and good ethics. Whoever tyrannized people he would punish...In affairs of state he was always impartial."

The celebrated scholar Nizam al-Mulk, in his famous work Siyasatnama, stated that Ismail Samani: "was extremely just, and his good qualities were many. He had pure faith in God (to Him be power and glory) and he was generous to the poor – to name only one of his notable virtues."

The Somoni currency of Tajikistan is named after the Samanids. A notable airline based in Dushanbe is also named Somon Air. Also, the highest mountain in Tajikistan and in the former Soviet Union is named after Ismail Samani. The mountain was formerly known as "Stalin Peak" and "Communism Peak" but in 1998 the name was officially changed to Ismoil Somoni Peak.

title: Samanid Empire


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Longstreet (TV series)

Longstreet is an American police procedural that was broadcast on ABC in the 1971–1972 season (see 1971 in television). A 90-minute pilot movie of the same name aired prior to the debut of the series as an ABC Movie of the Week.

Synopsis
The series starred James Franciscus as insurance investigator Mike Longstreet. After a bomb hidden in a champagne bottle kills his wife, Ingrid, and leaves him blind, the title character pursues and captures the killers. He then continues his career as an insurance investigator despite his blindness. Longstreet's seeing eye dog was a white German Shepherd called Pax. The series was set in New Orleans, but was actually filmed in Los Angeles.

Mystery fiction novelist Baynard Kendrick was credited in each episode as the creator of the source material for the series. Kendrick's character, Captain Duncan Maclain, was a blind private detective with two German Shepherds.

Bruce Lee appeared in four episodes as Li Tsung, an antiques dealer and Jeet Kune Do expert who becomes Longstreet's martial arts instructor. Wikiquote has quotations from Li Tsung's teachings.

Twenty-three episodes of the show were aired before it was canceled in 1972.

Regular and recurring characters

 * Mike Longstreet - James Franciscus
 * Nikki Bell - Marlyn Mason 22 episodes
 * Duke Paige - Peter Mark Richman 20 episodes
 * Mrs. Kingston - Ann Doran 17 episodes
 * Li Tsung - Bruce Lee 4 episodes

Syndication
The series has rarely been re-aired, but appeared on Canadian TV channel Mystery TV in 2005–2006.

Home media
The series was released on a Region 2 DVD in Japan in late 2007.

On December 1, 2017, Visual Entertainment released Longstreet- The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1.

title: Longstreet (TV series)


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Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law

Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law is an American legal drama, jointly created by David Victor and former law professor Jerry McNeely, that starred Arthur Hill. The series was broadcast on ABC from 1971 to 1974; Victor and McNeely produced it under the "Groverton Productions" banner through Universal Television, then an MCA company. A two-hour pilot movie, titled "A Pattern of Morality," had aired as a 1971 ABC Movie of the Week entry prior to the beginning of the series run.

Synopsis
Hill starred as Owen Marshall, a former prosecutor turned compassionate defense attorney, who defended various clients in Santa Barbara, California, with the help of his young assistants. During the series run, several actors appeared as Marshall's assistants, including Reni Santoni, David Soul, and Lee Majors.

Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law had two crossovers with Marcus Welby, M.D., another series in whose creation and production David Victor was directly involved. In the first, "Men Who Care," Welby (Robert Young) persuades Marshall to defend a man who is accused of killing his daughter's boyfriend, the daughter being one of Welby's patients. In the second, "I've Promised You a Father," Marshall defends Welby's colleague Dr. Steven Kiley (James Brolin) in a paternity suit filed by a young nurse, who claims that Kiley is the father of her child.

Cast

 * Arthur Hill as Owen Marshall
 * David Soul as Ted Warrick
 * Reni Santoni as Danny Paterno
 * Lee Majors as Jess Brandon
 * Joan Darling as Frieda Krause
 * Christine Matchett as Melissa Marshall

Guest stars
The series marked one of director Steven Spielberg's earliest television directing stints and boasted many well-known guest stars, including:

 * Christine Belford
 * Lane Bradbury
 * Pat Boone
 * Rory Calhoun
 * John David Carson
 * John Davidson
 * Gloria DeHaven
 * John Denver
 * Micky Dolenz
 * Patty Duke
 * Richard Eastham
 * Farrah Fawcett
 * Paul Fix
 * Arthur Franz
 * Sharon Gless
 * Louis Gossett Jr.
 * Mark Hamill
 * Pat Harrington Jr.
 * Darby Hinton
 * Sam Jaffe
 * Russell Johnson
 * Kathleen Lloyd
 * Donald Mantooth
 * Randolph Mantooth
 * Scott Marlowe
 * Tim Matheson
 * Darren McGavin
 * Donna Mills
 * Vic Morrow
 * Ricky Nelson
 * Gerald S. O'Loughlin
 * Michael Parks
 * Dennis Patrick
 * Larry Pennell
 * Edward Platt
 * Michael Rupert
 * Susan Sarandon
 * Dick Sargent
 * Tom Selleck
 * William Shatner
 * Martin Sheen
 * O. J. Simpson
 * Richard X. Slattery
 * Susan Strasberg
 * Joan Tompkins (thricely)
 * John Travolta
 * Lindsay Wagner
 * Jane Wyman
 * Dana Wynter

title: Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law


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User talk:Violetine

Hey, Violetine! Welcome to Wikipedia. When you get a chance, drop us a note at New user log to introduce yourself.

You can sign your name on talk pages by using " " for your username and " ~ " for your username and a timestamp.

 * Welcome is a good place to start.
 * How does one edit a page gives editing help.
 * Manual of Style gives formatting info.
 * Policies and guidelines tell about the principles we operate on. It's important, but don't try to read it all now.
 * Help covers a broad range of useful topics.
 * Village pump is a place to ask questions.
 * Show preview explains how to double-check your edits before saving.

You should also feel free to drop me a question on my talk page - I'll answer as best I can if I'm around.

Happy editing! --Goobergunch 22:12, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Rawr! It's teh [violet]! --Myrth

 * Hi [violet]! If you need anything, just ask me, I'm an admin ;) NSLE  ( T + C + CVU ) 00:37, 17 December 2005 (UTC)

Category:Wikipedians who like NationStates
Hey! If you're interested, I started a series of userboxes for the game NationStates. Feel free to add any or add your own!- 🐦Do☭torWho42 ( ⭐ ) 04:56, 16 December 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Violetine


text:
User:Kenwarren

Someday soon I'll make this into a really spiffy userpage. Until then:

I'm Ken Warren, a middle aged Wikipedian. In real life I'm a solution architect with a consulting firm that specializes in BI/BPM solutions. I'm also a photographer.

My interests range from reading science fiction and fantasy, to collecting "coffee table" books of art and photography, amateur astronomy, woodworking, to auto racing. So a little of a lot of things, like a lot of people here. My current major interests on Wikipedia are improving the information on mid-century pin-up artists and the science fiction sections.

Articles of interest
The following articles are interesting to me at the moment, for various reasons:
 * Space opera
 * High fantasy
 * List of pinup artists
 * Mile
 * Eratosthenes

title: User:Kenwarren


text: User talk:68.122.184.71

title: User talk:68.122.184.71


text:
Royal Troon Golf Club

Royal Troon Golf Club is a links golf course in Scotland, located in Troon, South Ayrshire. The club was established in 1878, and originally only consisted of five holes whereas today, it has increased to a total of 45 holes. Its Old Course is one of the host courses for The Open Championship, one of the major championships on the PGA Tour and European Tour. The Club most recently hosted in 2024 for the tenth time. It also hosted The Women's Open Championship in 2020, a year when The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews only organised an Open Championship for women but not for men.

On 1 July 2016, Royal Troon members voted overwhelmingly to admit women into the club as members, avoiding a potential controversy that could have overshadowed the 2016 Open Championship and the club being removed from the Open rota.

Establishment
The club, which now has a total of 45 holes, was founded in 1878, initially with five holes. It lies adjacent to the Firth of Clyde. George Strath was appointed in 1881 as the club's first golf professional, and together with 1882 Open champion Willie Fernie, designed the original course, expanding it to 18 holes by 1888. The two were assisted by Charlie Hunter, greenskeeper of the neighbouring Prestwick Golf Club, in Troon's formative years.

When Strath left the club's employ in 1887, Fernie became head professional, and served in that role until his death in 1924. He laid out the club's Relief course, on the site of what would become Troon's New course, designed by Alister MacKenzie; Shortly after opening the New course was renamed in honour of the 6th Duke of Portland, an essential early Troon Golf Club patron and facilitator, who was one of the region's largest landowners.

The club's property lies between the Firth of Clyde on the west, a caravan park on the south (slightly further south lies Prestwick Golf Club), the railway line and main road on the east, and the town of Troon on the north. Glasgow Prestwick Airport is located slightly to the south and east of the club, and low-flying aircraft are nearest its southern section.

Open Championship
Its Old Course is one of the host courses for The Open Championship, one of the major championships on the PGA Tour and European Tour. The Club most recently hosted in 2016 and will host in 2024 for a tenth time. It also hosted The Women's Open Championship in 2020, a year when The R&A only organised an Open Championship for women but not for men.

Just prior to Royal Troon hosting its first Open Championship in 1923, the Old Course was redesigned, lengthened, and strengthened by James Braid, a five-time Open champion, one of the era's top architects, and a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame. Other than having new back tees on several holes, six completely re-sited greens, much narrower fairways, (when not changed entirely for the re-positioned greens), and vastly different bunkering, the current Old Course is essentially very similar to Braid's finished work.

Past Open champions at Royal Troon include Justin Leonard, Mark Calcavecchia, Tom Watson, Tom Weiskopf, Arnold Palmer, Bobby Locke, and Arthur Havers. Six consecutive Opens at Troon were won by Americans, from 1962 through 2004, ended by Henrik Stenson of Sweden in 2016. German golfer Sophia Popov's win in the 2020 Open (there was only a tournament for women that year) was regarded as one of the greatest upsets in major championship golf.

Royal designation
Troon was granted its "Royal" designation in 1978, during its centenary. Its clubhouse, designed by Henry Edward Clifford and built in 1886, is richly decorated with historical golf artifacts. James Montgomerie, father of Colin Montgomerie, served as Secretary in the 1980s.

Its Old Course is one of the host courses for The Open Championship, one of the major championships on the PGA Tour and European Tour. The Club has hosted 11 Open Championships, ten for men (most recently in 2024), and in 2020, Troon hosted in The Open Championship when The R&A only organised an Open Championship for women, but not for men.

Recent history
On 1 July 2016, Royal Troon members voted overwhelmingly to admit women into the club as members, avoiding a potential controversy that could have overshadowed the 2016 Open Championship and the club being removed from the Open rota.

Noteworthy characteristics
The Old Course begins alongside the sea, running southwards in a line for the first six holes. This opening section offers full visibility and plenty of space, but does still require accuracy to avoid deep bunkers. Many good rounds have been fashioned through low scores here, often aided by prevailing downwind conditions. Beginning with the seventh, the Old Course turns further inland, while simultaneously changing direction, on each of its next six holes, among hillier dunes and thicker vegetation, including ulex (commonly known as gorse, furze, or whin), to severely punish offline shots. This sector, with two blind tee shots on the tenth and 11th, marks a sharp rise in difficulty from the opening holes. With the 13th hole, the player turns northwards for a long, very stern finish, running parallel to the opening stretch. This comprises three long par 4s, two tough par 3s, and a challenging par 5 (the 16th) with its fairway bisected at the halfway point by a ditch, which can only very rarely be carried from the tee. The player very often has to face a strong prevailing wind.

Royal Troon is home to the shortest hole in Open Championship golf. Described by Golf Monthly as one of the most famous holes in the world, the par-3 8th hole ("Postage Stamp") measures a scant 123 yd, but its diminutive green measures a mere 2635 sqft. Two holes earlier, the par-5 6th ("Turnberry") extends to a lengthy 601 yd and until the championship at Royal Liverpool in 2023 was the longest hole in Open history.

The 11th hole ("The Railway") is one of the most difficult holes in major championship golf. Now a long par-4, a blind tee shot has a long carry over gorse with out of bounds all along the railway on the right. The lengthy approach shot is to a small green that falls away, with nearby out of bounds.

The Portland and Craigend Courses
The Old Course is the championship layout at Royal Troon. Its second course, the Portland, also an 18-hole layout from 1895, but significantly shorter than the Old Course, was redesigned in 1921 by golf course architect Dr. Alister MacKenzie, a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame. The Portland is also of very high standard. It is located slightly further inland and further north than the Old Course, with no holes bordering the Firth of Clyde; it has its own clubhouse. The Craigend Course is a nine-hole par-3 course.

The club is private; guests are allowed at certain times, under advance booking, with a handicap certificate establishing proficiency. The Old Course has four tees – "Ladies", "Short", "Medal" and "Championship".

Layout
For 2020 Women's British Open:

Lengths of the course for previous Opens (since 1950):

 * 2016: 7190 yd, par 71
 * 2004: 7175 yd, par 71
 * 1997: 7079 yd, par 71
 * 1989: 7097 yd, par 72
 * 1982: 7067 yd, par 72

 * 1973: 7064 yd, par 72
 * 1962: 7045 yd, par 72
 * 1950: 6583 yd, par 70

Opens from 1962 through 1989 played the 11th hole as a par-5.

The Open Championship
The Open Championship has been held at Troon on nine occasions:

 * Note: For multiple winners of The Open Championship, superscript ordinal identifies which in their respective careers.
 * The club will host The Open Championship again from 14 to 21 July 2024.

Women's Open
The Women's Open Championship has been held at Troon once:

Hosts further significant events

 * Royal Troon has hosted the Amateur Championship on five occasions: 1956, 1968, 1978, 2003, and 2012.
 * The club has hosted the British Ladies Amateur Golf Championship on four occasions: 1904, 1925, 1952, and 1984.
 * The club has hosted the Senior Open Championship in 2008, and American Bruce Vaughan won.
 * The club has hosted the Scottish Amateur on six occasions: 1923, 1956, 1963, 1969, 1977 and 2009.
 * The club has hosted the Scottish Ladies' Amateur on five occasions: 1907, 1949, 1957, 1963, and 1982.

title: Royal Troon Golf Club