text:
Neutron transport

Neutron transport (also known as neutronics) is the study of the motions and interactions of neutrons with materials. Nuclear scientists and engineers often need to know where neutrons are in an apparatus, in what direction they are going, and how quickly they are moving. It is commonly used to determine the behavior of nuclear reactor cores and experimental or industrial neutron beams. Neutron transport is a type of radiative transport.

Background
Neutron transport has roots in the Boltzmann equation, which was used in the 1800s to study the kinetic theory of gases. It did not receive large-scale development until the invention of chain-reacting nuclear reactors in the 1940s. As neutron distributions came under detailed scrutiny, elegant approximations and analytic solutions were found in simple geometries. However, as computational power has increased, numerical approaches to neutron transport have become prevalent. Today, with massively parallel computers, neutron transport is still under very active development in academia and research institutions throughout the world. It remains a computationally challenging problem since it depends on time and the 3 dimensions of space, and the variables of energy span several orders of magnitude (from fractions of meV to several MeV). Modern solutions use either discrete ordinates or Monte Carlo methods, or even a hybrid of both.

Neutron transport equation
The neutron transport equation is a balance statement that conserves neutrons. Each term represents a gain or a loss of a neutron, and the balance, in essence, claims that neutrons gained equals neutrons lost. It is formulated as follows:
 * $$\left(\frac{1}{v(E)}\frac{\partial}{\partial t}+\mathbf{\hat{\Omega}}\cdot\nabla+\Sigma_t(\mathbf{r},E,t)\right)

\psi(\mathbf{r},E,\mathbf{\hat{\Omega}},t)=\quad$$

$$\quad\frac{\chi_p \left( E \right)}{4\pi}\int_0^{\infty} dE^{\prime}\nu_p \left( E^{\prime} \right) \Sigma_f \left(\mathbf{r}, E^{\prime}, t \right) \phi \left( \mathbf{r}, E^{\prime}, t \right) + \sum_{i=1}^N \frac{\chi_{di}\left( E \right)}{4\pi} \lambda_i C_i \left( \mathbf{r}, t \right)+\quad$$

 * $$\quad\int_{4\pi}d\Omega^\prime\int^{\infty}_{0}dE^\prime\,\Sigma_s(\mathbf{r},E^\prime\rightarrow E,\mathbf{\hat{\Omega}}^\prime\rightarrow \mathbf{\hat{\Omega}},t)\psi(\mathbf{r},E^\prime,\mathbf{\hat{\Omega}^\prime},t)+s(\mathbf{r},E,\mathbf{\hat{\Omega}},t)$$

Where:

The transport equation can be applied to a given part of phase space (time t, energy E, location $$\mathbf{r}$$, and direction of travel $$\mathbf{\hat{\Omega}}$$). The first term represents the time rate of change of neutrons in the system. The second terms describes the movement of neutrons into or out of the volume of space of interest. The third term accounts for all neutrons that have a collision in that phase space. The first term on the right hand side is the production of neutrons in this phase space due to fission, while the second term on the right hand side is the production of neutrons in this phase space due to delayed neutron precursors (i.e., unstable nuclei which undergo neutron decay). The third term on the right hand side is in-scattering, these are neutrons that enter this area of phase space as a result of scattering interactions in another. The fourth term on the right is a generic source. The equation is usually solved to find $$\phi(\mathbf{r},E)$$, since that will allow for the calculation of reaction rates, which are of primary interest in shielding and dosimetry studies.

Types of neutron transport calculations
Several basic types of neutron transport problems exist, depending on the type of problem being solved.

Fixed source
A fixed source calculation involves imposing a known neutron source on a medium and determining the resulting neutron distribution throughout the problem. This type of problem is particularly useful for shielding calculations, where a designer would like to minimize the neutron dose outside of a shield while using the least amount of shielding material. For instance, a spent nuclear fuel cask requires shielding calculations to determine how much concrete and steel is needed to safely protect the truck driver who is shipping it.

Criticality
Fission is the process through which a nucleus splits into (typically two) smaller atoms. If fission is occurring, it is often of interest to know the asymptotic behavior of the system. A reactor is called “critical” if the chain reaction is self-sustaining and time-independent. If the system is not in equilibrium the asymptotic neutron distribution, or the fundamental mode, will grow or decay exponentially over time.

Criticality calculations are used to analyze steady-state multiplying media (multiplying media can undergo fission), such as a critical nuclear reactor. The loss terms (absorption, out-scattering, and leakage) and the source terms (in-scatter and fission) are proportional to the neutron flux, contrasting with fixed-source problems where the source is independent of the flux. In these calculations, the presumption of time invariance requires that neutron production exactly equals neutron loss.

Since this criticality can only be achieved by very fine manipulations of the geometry (typically via control rods in a reactor), it is unlikely that the modeled geometry will be truly critical. To allow some flexibility in the way models are set up, these problems are formulated as eigenvalue problems, where one parameter is artificially modified until criticality is reached. The most common formulations are the time-absorption and the multiplication eigenvalues, also known as the alpha and k eigenvalues. The alpha and k are the tunable quantities.

K-eigenvalue problems are the most common in nuclear reactor analysis. The number of neutrons produced per fission is multiplicatively modified by the dominant eigenvalue. The resulting value of this eigenvalue reflects the time dependence of the neutron density in a multiplying medium.
 * keff < 1, subcritical: the neutron density is decreasing as time passes;
 * keff = 1, critical: the neutron density remains unchanged; and
 * keff > 1, supercritical: the neutron density is increasing with time.

In the case of a nuclear reactor, neutron flux and power density are proportional, hence during reactor start-up keff > 1, during reactor operation keff = 1 and keff < 1 at reactor shutdown.

Computational methods
Both fixed-source and criticality calculations can be solved using deterministic methods or stochastic methods. In deterministic methods the transport equation (or an approximation of it, such as diffusion theory) is solved as a differential equation. In stochastic methods such as Monte Carlo discrete particle histories are tracked and averaged in a random walk directed by measured interaction probabilities. Deterministic methods usually involve multi-group approaches while Monte Carlo can work with multi-group and continuous energy cross-section libraries. Multi-group calculations are usually iterative, because the group constants are calculated using flux-energy profiles, which are determined as the result of the neutron transport calculation.

Discretization in deterministic methods
To numerically solve the transport equation using algebraic equations on a computer, the spatial, angular, energy, and time variables must be discretized.
 * Spatial variables are typically discretized by simply breaking the geometry into many small regions on a mesh. The balance can then be solved at each mesh point using finite difference or by nodal methods.
 * Angular variables can be discretized by discrete ordinates and weighting quadrature sets (giving rise to the SN methods), or by functional expansion methods with the spherical harmonics (leading to the PN methods).
 * Energy variables are typically discretized by the multi-group method, where each energy group represents one constant energy. As few as 2 groups can be sufficient for some thermal reactor problems, but fast reactor calculations may require many more.
 * The time variable is broken into discrete time steps, with time derivatives replaced with difference formulas.

Probabilistic codes

 * COG - A LLNL developed Monte Carlo code for criticality safety analysis and general radiation transport ( http://cog.llnl.gov )
 * MCBEND – A Monte Carlo code for general radiation transport developed and supported by the ANSWERS Software Service.
 * MCNP – A LANL developed Monte Carlo code for general radiation transport
 * MC21 – A general-purpose, 3D Monte Carlo code developed at NNL.
 * MCS – The Monte Carlo code MCS has been developed since 2013 at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Republic of Korea.
 * Mercury – A LLNL developed Monte Carlo particle transport code.
 * MONK – A Monte Carlo Code for criticality safety and reactor physics analyses developed and supported by the ANSWERS Software Service.
 * MORET – Monte-Carlo code for the evaluation of criticality risk in nuclear installations developed at IRSN, France
 * OpenMC – An open source, community-developed open source Monte Carlo code
 * RMC – A Tsinghua University Department of Engineering Physics developed Monte Carlo code for general radiation transport
 * SCONE – The Stochastic Calculator Of the Neutron Transport Equation, an open-source Monte Carlo code developed at the University of Cambridge.
 * Serpent – A VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland developed Monte Carlo particle transport code
 * Shift/KENO – ORNL developed Monte Carlo codes for general radiation transport and criticality analysis
 * TRIPOLI – 3D general purpose continuous energy Monte Carlo Transport code developed at CEA, France

Deterministic codes

 * Ardra – A LLNL neutral particle transport code
 * Attila – A commercial transport code
 * DRAGON – An open-source lattice physics code
 * PHOENIX/ANC – A proprietary lattice-physics and global diffusion code suite from Westinghouse Electric
 * PARTISN – A LANL developed transport code based on the discrete ordinates method
 * NEWT – An ORNL developed 2-D SN code
 * DIF3D/VARIANT – An Argonne National Laboratory developed 3-D code originally developed for fast reactors
 * DENOVO – A massively parallel transport code under development by ORNL
 * Jaguar – A parallel 3-D Slice Balance Approach transport code for arbitrary polytope grids developed at NNL
 * DANTSYS
 * RAMA – A proprietary 3D method of characteristics code with arbitrary geometry modeling, developed for EPRI by TransWare Enterprises Inc.
 * RAPTOR-M3G – A proprietary parallel radiation transport code developed by Westinghouse Electric Company
 * OpenMOC – An MIT developed open source parallel method of characteristics code
 * MPACT – A parallel 3D method of characteristics code under development by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Michigan
 * DORT – Discrete Ordinates Transport
 * APOLLO – A lattice physics code used by CEA, EDF and Areva
 * CASMO/SIMULATE – A proprietary lattice-physics and diffusion code suite developed by Studsvik for LWR analysis including square and hex lattices
 * HELIOS – A proprietary lattice-physics code with generalized geometry developed by Studsvik for LWR analysis
 * milonga – A free nuclear reactor core analysis code
 * STREAM – A neutron transport analysis code, STREAM (Steady state and Transient REactor Analysis code with Method of Characteristics), has been developed since 2013 at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Republic of Korea

title: Neutron transport


text:
User:DJ 923

Hi. I'm DJ 923 and I'm a member of Wikipedia, if you haven't figured out already. I'm into most things, but mainly common events & television.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:DJ 923


text: User talk:69.109.56.74

title: User talk:69.109.56.74


text:
Ahmose

Ahmose is an Ancient Egyptian name meaning "The Moon is born" or "Child of the Moon". It was a very popular name in the beginning of the eighteenth dynasty.

The name may refer to:

Pharaohs

 * Senakhtenre Ahmose (died c. 1560 or 1558 BC), pharaoh of the seventeenth dynasty of Egypt
 * Ahmose I (reigned c. 1550 BC – c. 1525 BC), pharaoh and founder of the eighteenth dynasty of Egypt
 * Amasis II (or Ahmose II), (reigned c. 570 BC – c. 526 BC), pharaoh of the twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt

Queens

 * Ahmose-Henuttamehu (fl. c. late-16th century BC), daughter of Seqenenre Tao
 * Ahmose Inhapi (or Ahmose-Inhapy) (fl. c. mid-16th century BC), daughter of Pharaoh Senakhtenre Ahmose
 * Ahmose-Nefertari (c. 1560 BC – c. 1500 BC), daughter of Seqenenre Tao and Ahhotep I
 * Ahmose-Meritamun (or Ahmose-Meritamon), (fl. c. late-16th century BC), daughter of Ahmose I and Ahmose Nefertari
 * Ahmose-Sitkamose (or Sitkamose), (fl. c. late-16th century BC), princess and queen; probably daughter of Pharaoh Kamose and wife of Ahmose I
 * Ahmose (fl. c. mid-16th century BC), royal queen of Thutmose I, and mother of queen and later, pharaoh, Hatshepsut

Other royalty

 * Ahmose (18th dynasty) (fl. c. late 15th century BC), probably a son of Amenhotep II; High Priest of Re
 * Ahmose (princess) (fl. c. mid-16th century BC), daughter of pharaoh Tao
 * Ahmose-ankh (fl. c. mid-16th century BC), son of Pharaoh Ahmose I and queen Ahmose Nefertari
 * Ahmose-Henutemipet (fl. c. late-16th century BC), daughter of Pharaoh Tao and probably Queen Ahhotep I
 * Ahmose-Meritamon (17th dynasty) (fl. c. late-16th century BC), probably daughter of Seqenenre Tao
 * Ahmose-Nebetta (fl. c. mid-16th century BC), probably daughter of Seqenenre Tao
 * Ahmose Sapair (fl. c. mid-16th century BC), probably son of Pharaoh Tao
 * Ahmose-Sitamun (or Sitamun), (fl. c. late-16th century BC), daughter of Pharaoh Ahmose I
 * Ahmose-Tumerisy (fl. c. mid-16th century BC), probably daughter of pharaoh Tao

Officials

 * Ahmose (or Ahmes), (fl. c. mid-17th century BC), an ancient Egyptian scribe who wrote the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, a work of mathematics
 * Ahmose, son of Ebana (fl. c. 1555 BC – c. 1500 BC); served in the Egyptian military
 * Ahmose Pen-Nekhebet (fl. c. 1530 BC – c. 1470 BC), an ancient Egyptian official and military commander
 * Ahmose, scribe (fl. c. 1354 BC – 1337 BC), owner of Amarna Tomb 3

title: Ahmose


text:
Talk:Ahmose

Numbers
We should re-number the articles:

-Senakhtenre Ahmose to Ahmose I

-Ahmose I to Ahmose II

-Ahmose II/Amasis II to Ahmose III

82.16.170.193 (talk) 04:01, 25 May 2014 (UTC)

Still not done, 6 years after the discovery. I change the numbers in the article now.--183.182.121.20 (talk) 10:26, 2 May 2020 (UTC)
 * It's not up to you to decide the ordinal numbers. Only Egyptologists can. And in all probability, they won't do it. Khruner (talk) 12:06, 2 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ahmose


text:
Spanish River (Ontario)

The Spanish River is a river in Algoma District, Sudbury District and Greater Sudbury in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It flows 338 km in a southerly direction from its headwaters at Spanish Lake (west branch) and Duke Lake (east branch) to its mouth at the North Channel of Lake Huron just outside the community of Spanish.

The river's name and the name of the nearby towns of Espanola and Spanish are said to be due to French explorers and Jesuit priests encountering Ojibwe peoples speaking Spanish in the area, apparently as a result of a Spanish woman having been taken captive during an expedition far to the south.

The Spanish River is a provincially significant canoe route with lots of swifts and whitewater. It is therefore mainly used for recreational canoeing and has been protected as a waterway provincial park. There are four hydroelectric dams on the river: one, known as Big Eddy, above High Falls forming Agnew Lake; High Falls dam about a kilometre below Big Eddy dam; Nairn Falls dam about 12 km below High Falls and the other at the Domtar mill in Espanola.

Geography
The river is located almost entirely within the Sudbury District, except for brief passages into the city of Greater Sudbury near the communities of High Falls and Turbine and the river mouth in Algoma District.

Tributaries include Pogamasing Creek, Mogo River, Agnes River, the River aux Sables, the Vermilion River and the Wakonassin River.

The Lower Spanish River Forest houses the world's oldest red pine and white pine forests, and much of that is under provincial protection in the form of provincial parks and reclamation acts.

History
The Spanish River has been used as a transportation corridor for thousands of years, initially by First Nations and later in the 19th century by fur traders. During the late 19th and mid 20th centuries, the river was used to transport timber from logging camps in the upper Sudbury District to Georgian Bay, where they were towed by tugs to sawmills on the Great Lakes. Until the mid-1960s, pulp wood, mainly jack pine, was driven down the river to the paper mill in Espanola. A diesel tug towed large rafts of logs the length of Agnew Lake to big Eddy dam where they were sluiced down a flume by crews with hand held pike poles. Secondary flumes took them past the High Falls and Nairn Falls power plants and on to Espanola. The sap and bark from the pulp logs was a major pollution source in the lower river.

In 1910, the river was the scene of a dramatic train derailment. It took place at the Canadian Pacific Railway bridge upstream from Espanola and downstream from the High Falls dam, about 5 mi west of the town of Nairn.

Fauna
Fish species found in the Spanish River are:

 * Alewife
 * Black Crappie
 * Bluntnose Minnow
 * Bowfin
 * Brown Bullhead
 * Brook Stickleback
 * Burbot
 * Chinook Salmon
 * Cisco / Lake Herring
 * Coho Salmon
 * Common Carp
 * Fathead Minnow
 * Johnny Darter
 * Lake Sturgeon
 * Lake Trout
 * Lake Whitefish
 * Largemouth Bass
 * Muskellunge
 * Northern Pike
 * Northern Redbelly Dace
 * Pink Salmon
 * Pumpkinseed
 * Rainbow Smelt
 * Rainbow Trout
 * Silver Redhorse
 * Shorthead Redhorse
 * Rock Bass
 * Smallmouth Bass
 * Spottail Shiner
 * Trout-Perch
 * Walleye
 * White Sucker
 * Yellow Perch

Spanish River Provincial Park
The Spanish River Provincial Park protects most of the river and its banks, from its source at Biscotasi Lake (which is separately protected in the Biscotasi Lake Provincial Park) to Agnew Lake. Also included in the park is the entire East Spanish River, Mogo River, as well as large swaths of old-growth white and red pine forest along the course of the Spanish River.

It was established in 2006 and is intended to provide recreational paddling opportunities, in particular for canoeists of intermediate skill level. The park area is also popular for fishing, hunting, and camping.

Despite its remoteness, it is an operational park requiring permits for its use. Facilities included 83 backcountry campsites. All park sites and portages are currently maintained by park staff.

Hydroelectricity
There are 5 hydro-electric generating stations on the Spanish River, 4 of which are owned and operated by Vale Limited to provide power to their mining operations in Sudbury.

title: Spanish River (Ontario)


text:
User:Style

I've been busy lately, so I'm going to take a break from editing Wikipedia for several weeks (probably 3). 02:09, 2004 Oct 21 (UTC)

Significant contributions
1982 Lebanon War, OPV AIDS hypothesis, State terrorism, State space (controls), Weak reference

Useful stuff
/RFC

title: User:Style


text:
So Red the Rose

So Red the Rose is the only studio album by the Duran Duran-spinoff group Arcadia, released on 18 November 1985 by Parlophone. It included the singles "Election Day", "The Promise", "Goodbye Is Forever" and "The Flame". The album peaked at #23 on the Billboard 200 in January 1986 and at #30 on the UK Albums charts in December 1985.

There were many musical guests on the album, including David Gilmour of Pink Floyd, Herbie Hancock, Grace Jones, and Sting (who provided backing vocals on "The Promise").

The album's artwork featured painted ink drawings by fashion illustrator Tony Viramontes of fashion model Violeta Sanchez as well as an innovative "light space" photograph of the band by Dean Chamberlain, who also directed the video for the song "Missing". Nick Rhodes said of the model Sanchez on the album cover, "She had an elegance to her, an old style classic beauty."

Box sets
As part of EMI's massive Duran Duran reissue plans, a jewel case 3 disc (2CD, 1 DVD) box set of So Red the Rose was released on 12 April 2010. It included the entire album, single mixes, the B-sides "She's Moody and Grey, She's Mean and She's Restless" and "Flame Game" (Yo Homeboy mix), four versions of non-album track "Say the Word" (a track from the soundtrack of Playing for Keeps), and an instrumental mix of "The Promise". The DVD contains the original 1987 video release Arcadia.

In 2008 a previously available, more complete limited edition for Japan fan club (23-track digitally) was remastered into 6 CD single set, comprising all the singles ever released for the So Red the Rose LP, including "Say the Word". The packaging is a 'so red the velvet', faithfully replicating the original single sleeve artwork, plus 8-page fold-out picture booklet of lyrics and biography.

Encrypted messages
Some versions of the album and related singles contained a numeric code in their artwork, this code allocated even numbers to letters, beginning with 16=A, and continuing to 52=S, and then wrapping around to 02=T up to 14=Z. 00 represents either a space or a mid-word capitalization (being used before the "B" in Le Bon). The numbers on the front cover of the US CD release decode to spell TAYLOR RHODES LE BON (the surnames of the three members of the group). The circular image on the back of the CD insert spells SO RED THE ROSE both forward and backward, while the three letters in the center are T R L (Taylor/Rhodes/Le Bon)

1985 original release
All songs written by Simon Le Bon, Nick Rhodes and Roger Taylor, except where noted.
 * 1) "Election Day" – 5:29
 * 2) "Keep Me in the Dark" – 4:31
 * 3) "Goodbye Is Forever" – 3:49
 * 4) "The Flame" – 4:23
 * 5) "Missing" – 3:40 (Le Bon, Rhodes)
 * 6) "Rose Arcana" – 0:51 (Le Bon, Rhodes)
 * 7) "The Promise" – 7:30
 * 8) "El Diablo" – 6:05
 * 9) "Lady Ice" – 7:32 (Le Bon, Rhodes)

CD1

 * 1) "Election Day" – 5:29
 * 2) "Keep Me in the Dark" – 4:31
 * 3) "Goodbye Is Forever" – 3:49
 * 4) "The Flame" – 4:23
 * 5) "Missing" – 3:40 (Le Bon, Rhodes)
 * 6) "Rose Arcana" – 0:51 (Le Bon, Rhodes)
 * 7) "The Promise" – 7:30
 * 8) "El Diablo" – 6:05
 * 9) "Lady Ice" – 7:32 (Le Bon, Rhodes)
 * 10) "Say the Word" (7" edit) – 4:30 (Le Bon, Rhodes)
 * 11) "Election Day" (single version) – 4:31
 * 12) "Goodbye Is Forever" (single mix) – 4:17
 * 13) "The Promise" (7" mix) – 4:46
 * 14) "The Flame" (7" remix) – 4:06
 * 15) "Say the Word" – 5:08
 * 16) "She's Moody and Grey She's Mean and Restless" – 4:29

CD2

 * 1) "Election Day" (Consensus mix) – 8:39
 * 2) "Goodbye Is Forever" (12" extended mix) –	6:45
 * 3) "The Promise" (instrumental) – 5:44
 * 4) "Rose Arcana" – 5:33
 * 5) "The Flame" (extended remix) – 7:17
 * 6) "Say the Word" (extended vocal remix) – 6:33
 * 7) "Election Day" (Cryptic cut) – 9:09
 * 8) "The Promise" (12" mix) – 7:06
 * 9) "Goodbye Is Forever" (dub mix) – 5:15
 * 10) "Say the Word" (extended instrumental remix) – 5:48
 * 11) "Election Day" (early rough mix) – 9:04
 * 12) "Flame Game" (Yo Homeboy mix) – 2:51

DVD

 * 1) "Introduction"
 * 2) "Filming Election Day"
 * 3) "Election Day"
 * 4) "Filming The Promise"
 * 5) "The Promise"
 * 6) "Filming Goodbye Is Forever"
 * 7) "Goodbye Is Forever"
 * 8) "Filming The Flame"
 * 9) "The Flame"
 * 10) "Filming Missing"
 * 11) "Missing"
 * 12) "Credits"

Personnel
Arcadia
 * Simon Le Bon – vocals
 * Nick Rhodes – keyboards
 * Roger Taylor – drums

Additional musicians
 * Mark Egan – bass
 * Masami Tsuchiya – guitar
 * Carlos Alomar, David Gilmour – additional guitar
 * Sting – additional vocals on "The Promise"
 * Grace Jones – additional vocals on "Election Day"
 * Herbie Hancock – additional keyboards on "The Promise"
 * Andy Mackay – saxophone
 * Steve Jordan – additional drums on "Lady Ice"
 * David Van Tieghem, Manu Katché, Rafael De Jesus – additional percussion
 * Wendel Jr. (Percussion Replacement System) – drum programming
 * Jean-Claude Dubois – harp
 * Masami Tsuchiya, Pierre Defay – violin

Production

 * Produced by Alex Sadkin & Arcadia
 * Recorded by Larry Alexander; assisted by Phillippe Lafont
 * Engineered by Larry Alexander
 * Mixed by Larry Alexander, Phil Burnett, Nick Delre, Billy Miranda & Ron Saint-Germain
 * Mastered by Bob Ludwig
 * Album cover illustration by Tony Viramontes

title: So Red the Rose


text:
Rugby Australia

Rugby Australia Ltd, previously named Australian Rugby Union Limited and Australian Rugby Football Union Limited, is an Australian company operating the premier rugby union competition in Australia and teams. It has its origins in 1949. It is a member of World Rugby. Rugby Australia has eight member unions, representing each state and the Northern Territory and Australian Capital Territory. It also manages national representative rugby union teams, including the Wallabies and the Wallaroos.

History
Until the end of the 1940s, the New South Wales Rugby Union, as the senior rugby organisation in Australia, was responsible for administration of a national representative rugby team, including all tours. However, the various state unions agreed that the future of rugby in Australia would be better served by having a national administrative body and so the Australian Rugby Football Union was formed at a conference in Sydney in 1945, acting initially in an advisory capacity only. Additional impetus came in 1948 when the International Rugby Football Board invited Australia specifically (rather than a New South Wales representative), to take a seat on the Board.

The constitution of the Australian Rugby Football Union was ratified on 25 November 1949 at the inaugural council meeting of eleven delegates from the state unions of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania and Victoria. The ACT Rugby Union gained membership in 1972. The Northern Territory Rugby Union joined in 1978, initially as an associate union before later being granted membership and voting rights.

In 1985 the Australian Rugby Football Union was incorporated as a company (ACN 002 898 544). In 1997, it was renamed Australian Rugby Union Limited, known as the ARU and again renamed, in 2017, as Rugby Australia Limited.

A founding member, the New South Wales Rugby Union, lost two affiliated regional organisations in 2004 when they affiliated to the ACT Rugby Union which became the ACT and Southern NSW Rugby Union.

Rugby Australia's major sponsor, since 2004, is Qantas. Qantas has had official naming rights for the 'Qantas Wallabies'.

In 2017, the Australian Rugby Union was re-branded Rugby Australia, coinciding with relocating to their new premises in Moore Park, Sydney.

In July 2021, Rugby Australia announced plans are underway to construct an Australian Rugby Museum. It will feature items from Wallabies and Wallaroos history along with the provincial history of the sport, dating back to the late 19th century.

Governance
The organisation's governing structures were overhauled in December 2012, following a review authored by the former federal senator and Minister for Sport, Mark Arbib.

Members
Rugby Australia's members (shareholders) include state and territory Rugby unions, together with the owners of the Super Rugby bodies within Australia and the Rugby Union Players' Association (RUPA).

Members may exercise their voting rights at the annual general meeting. Under the current Constitution adopted in 2012, the eight existing state and territory Member Unions, RUPA and each of the current Super Rugby team licensees are entitled to vote with the exception of NSW Waratahs as it is now owned by Rugby Australia. Member Unions with more than 50,000 registered players in their region are granted an additional vote. Only the New South Wales Rugby Union and Queensland Rugby Union exceed that mark at present, so the total number of members' votes is currently 14. There are also a number of affiliated groups that do not have voting rights.

Under this revised governance system, a greater share of influence and control shifted from grass roots team and club representation through the state and territory unions to commercial team owners and the professional players association.

Note: The Australian Society of Rugby Referees, and Australian Universities Rugby Union were also previously non-voting affiliates until 2005 and 2014, respectively. New South Wales Country Rugby Union and Sydney Rugby Union were also non-voting affiliates until April 2017.

Prior to 2012, the voting franchise made no allowance for Super Rugby teams or the Players' Association. There were simply fourteen votes split as follows:
 * NSW Rugby Union: 5
 * Queensland Rugby Union: 3
 * Other state and territory member unions: 1 each

Board and executive
The board must have at least six independent directors, appointed to three-year terms by a two-thirds majority vote of members, in addition to the managing director (chief executive). Up to two further directors may be appointed by ordinary resolution of the board. The board may elect one of the directors as the chair, with the position to be formally reconsidered at least every three years. Executive officers, including the chief executive, are appointed by the board of directors.

List of chairpersons from 1996 onwards:
 * Daniel Herbert (2023–present)
 * Hamish McLennan (2020–2023)
 * Paul McLean, interim (2020)
 * Cameron Clyne (2015–2020)
 * Michael Hawker (2012–2015)
 * Peter McGrath (2007–2012)
 * Ron Graham (2005–2007)
 * Dilip Kumar (2005)
 * Bob Tuckey (2001–2005)
 * David Clarke (1998–2001)
 * Dick McGruther (1996–1998)
 * Leo Williams (1994–1996)

List of chief executives from 1996 onwards:*
 * Phil Waugh (2023 - present*)
 * Andy Marinos (2021–2023)
 * Rob Clarke, interim (2020–2021)
 * Raelene Castle (2017–2020)
 * Bill Pulver (2013–2017)
 * John O'Neill (2007–2013)
 * Gary Flowers (2004–2007)
 * Matt Carroll, interim (2003)
 * John O'Neill (1995–2003)

Teams
National teams
 * Wallabies – the national rugby union team.
 * Wallaroos – the national women's rugby union team.

National sevens teams
 * Men's 7s – the national rugby union seven-a-side team.
 * Women's 7s - the national women's seven-a-side rugby union team.

Other teams
 * Junior Wallabies – the under-20 age graded side that competes for the World Rugby Junior Championship.
 * Australian Schoolboys – a representative team of school players that has developed some of today's current Wallabies.

Former teams
 * Australia A – the former second-level national rugby union team behind the Wallabies.
 * Under 21s – a former age graded side that has developed players who went on to become Wallabies.
 * Under 19s – a former age graded side that has developed players who went on to become Wallabies.

Hall of Fame
Rugby Australia promotes and selects a Hall of Fame honouring notable former players. Each year two or three of Australia's greats from all eras of the international game are selected by an eight-man committee to be inducted into the Wallaby Hall of Fame. Inductees are drawn from all Test teams starting with the first side in 1899. Consideration is given to a player's on-field career but induction is not based on statistical achievement alone.

To be eligible for inclusion in the Wallaby Hall of Fame, a player must have:
 * Played at least one Test for Australia
 * Been retired from Rugby for at least 10 years
 * Made a major contribution to the game of Rugby
 * Demonstrated outstanding ability, sportsmanship, commitment, character and personal contribution to their team and the game in their era.

Hall of Fame members: • Trevor Allan

• Jock Blackwood

• Eddie Bonis

• Wylie Breckenridge

• David Brockhoff

• Cyril Burke

• David Campese

• Ken Catchpole

• Bill Cerutti

• Des Connor

• Greg Cornelsen

• Greg Davis

• Sir Edward "Weary" Dunlop

• John Eales

• Charlie Eastes

• Mark Ella

• Nick Farr-Jones

• Jack Ford

• Tim Gavin

• George Gregan

• John Hipwell

• Tim Horan

• Peter Johnson

• Phil Kearns

• Stephen Larkham

• Tom Lawton, Snr

• Mark Loane

• Michael Lynagh

• Paul McLean

• Wally Meagher

• Tony Miller

• Herbert Moran

• Simon Poidevin

• Tom Richards

• Alex Ross

• Geoff Shaw

• Tony Shaw

• Sir Nicholas Shehadie

• Andrew Slack

• John Solomon

• John Thornett

• Johnnie Wallace

• Jon White

• Colin Windon

Support for same-sex marriage
In 2017, Rugby Australia management declared itself in favour of same-sex marriage.

Israel Folau saga
In 2018, Rugby Australia became involved in a controversy with player and Christian preacher Israel Folau over his social media posts expressing his religious views seeking to save homosexuals from hell when he called on them to "repent of their sins and turn to God". On 17 May 2019, Rugby Australia terminated Folau's player contract. On 6 June 2019, Folau launched legal proceedings with the Fair Work Commission against Rugby Australia and the Waratahs under section 772 of the Fair Work Act, which makes it unlawful to terminate employment on the basis of religion. The Australian Christian Lobby (ACL) announced on 25 June 2019 that it was donating $100,000 to Folau and was setting up an donation site for his legal costs. The campaign raised over $2 million in two days before being paused by the ACL with Folau's consent. On 19 July 2019, the Fair Work Commission issued a certificate confirming all reasonable attempts to resolve the dispute between Folau and Rugby Australia had been unsuccessful. On 1 August 2019, Folau launched legal action in the Federal Circuit Court of Australia, against RA and NSW Rugby for unlawful termination on the basis of religion, breach of contract and restraint of trade. Folau sought an apology, compensation, penalties and the right to play rugby union again. In November 2019, Folau increased his compensation claim against Rugby Australia to $14 million, claiming that he could have been a Wallabies captain.

Folau and Rugby Australia issued a joint statement and apology on 4 December 2019 that stated no harm had been intended by either party and announced that a confidential settlement had been reached.

Financial Crisis
Rugby Australia's parlous financial position following the Folau affair became apparent upon the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 when it was forced to lay off three quarters of its employees and seek agreements with players to reduce payments. The CEO, Raelene Castle was sacked and calls continued for a shake-up of the board and management.

Rugby Australia’s financial challenges continued since COVID-19 and, in 2023, the organisation made failed attempts to sell 20% of its competitions, teams and business to private equity investors. On 24 November 2023, Rugby Australia confirmed the successful conclusion of its capital raise process following the execution of an agreement with Pacific Equity Partners for a flexible and upsized $80m credit facility over a 5 year term.

Support for indigenous Voice
Rugby Australia announced its support for the proposed Indigenous Voice to Parliament.

Member webpages
• ACT & Southern NSW Rugby / Brumbies

• New South Wales Rugby

• New South Wales Waratahs

• Northern Territory Rugby

• Queensland Rugby / Reds

• South Australian Rugby

• Tasmanian Rugby

• Victorian Rugby / Melbourne Rebels

• RugbyWA / Western Force

• Rugby Union Players' Association

title: Rugby Australia


text: User:Halibutt/GFDL

title: User:Halibutt/GFDL


text:
Ipswich and Rosewood railway line

The Ipswich and Rosewood line refers to the section of the Main Line to Toowoomba that has a regular suburban rail service, extending southwest from the Brisbane central business district. It is part of the Queensland Rail City network.

Main Line
The Main Line railway from Ipswich to Brisbane was opened in 1876, as part of an extension of the first railway line from Ipswich to Bigge's Camp (now Grandchester) on 31 July 1865.

Originally built as single track, the section was duplicated from 1885 to 1887, indicating how quickly the traffic volume grew on the line. The Albert Bridge was built to accommodate two tracks in 1876, though only one was laid at the time.

The line west of Ipswich was duplicated to Wulkuraka in 1902 and to Grandchester (past Rosewood) in 1913.

The section from Roma Street to Corinda (11 km was quadruplicated in 1963, and extended to Darra (a further 5 km) in 2011, which became the junction for the first section of the new Springfield line at that time.

The Roma Street–Darra section was the first section electrified in 1979, with the section to Ipswich electrified in 1980.

The line was electrified from Ipswich to Rosewood in 1993 while Minister for Transport was the local member.

Branch lines
The Brisbane Valley railway line, branching from the Main Line after Wulkuraka railway station, was opened to Lowood in 1884, Esk in 1886, and Yarraman in 1913. Passenger services operated to Toogoolawah until 1989, and freight services until closure of the line in sections in 1988 and 1993.

A line to Marburg opened in 1912, branching from the Main Line 380 m east of Rosewood railway station. It was closed in sections from 1964 to 1995, and some of it is today the Rosewood Railway Museum; the Museum Junction station is at the truncated southern end of the line before Railway Street.

A line to a coal loading balloon loop at Ebenezer was opened in 1990, junctioning from the Main Line west of Thagoona railway station.

The initial section of the Springfield railway line from Darra to Richlands was opened one week early in January 2011 to assist with transportation when the Main Line between Darra and Ipswich was closed due to severe flooding. The Richlands–Springfield section opened in 2013.

A new branch line has been proposed on an alignment extending south from Ipswich to Yamanto, then east to Ripley, and connecting with the Springfield line.

Route and stations
Most services originate in Ipswich and stop at all stations to Bowen Hills railway station. The typical travel time between Ipswich and Brisbane City is approximately 58 minutes (to Central). Rosewood services typically act as a shuttle between Rosewood and Ipswich stations, with selected peak direction services continuing through Ipswich. The typical travel time between Rosewood and Ipswich is 18 minutes.

During weekday peak times, a number of the Ipswich services skip stations between Darra and Milton, stopping only at Indooroopilly for faster travel times for commuters working in the Brisbane central business district.

Passengers for/from the Rosewood line change at Ipswich, Beenleigh, Gold Coast and Cleveland lines at Roma Street, and all other lines at Bowen Hills.

During times of disruption in the inner south of Brisbane, Beenleigh and Gold Coast line trains can be maintained via the Ipswich line, using the Corinda-Yeerongpilly railway line to bypass track closures between South Brisbane and Yeerongpilly.

Former service to Corinda via South Brisbane
The Corinda–Yeerongpilly railway line, also known as the Tennyson line, connects the Beenleigh and Ipswich lines for coal, grain and intermodal freight services to the Port of Brisbane and Acacia Ridge intermodal terminal. It was the only connection between the northern and southern portions of the Brisbane suburban network until the Merivale Bridge opened in 1978. Commuter services were defunct in 2011 due to low patronage.

title: Ipswich and Rosewood railway line


text:
User:Pedant

find cites for these 'lost facts

Motto of the day
(Sorry - couldn't help myself)

Favorite quote from the wikipedia
""Millard Fillmore ate a rutabaga and badger muffaletta" (who said it?)

How editing can be misused
''"We're" ... "followers of a murderous ideology that despises freedom and crushes all dissent, and has territorial ambitions and pursues totalitarian aims." ... "We will never back down, we will never give in and we will never accept anything less than complete victory." ... "We will defeat the" ... "hope of freedom across the world." President George W. Bush July 4, 2006

(by malicious editing, an entirely different message is created from an apparently innocuous speech)

= Pedant = Hello. My username on Wikipedia is Pedant. I use the same name on all the wikimedia projects. If you would like to ask me a question or tell me something, leave me a message on my talk page rather than this page.

This page is copied from my page at the Simple English Wikipedia, it's my first attempt at "Simple English"

About my name
"Pedant" does not mean any kind of ant. A "pedant" is a person who thinks that even very small details are important. The word "pedant" comes from a much older word that means "someone that teaches", so pedant can mean "teacher" too.

What the dictionary says about "pedant"
Pedantic is a word used to describe the way a pedant is or the way that a pedant behaves. It can also describe things that are done in the same way that a pedant would do that thing.

The English language Wiktionary is at. The "Wiktionary" is an online dictionary. (A dictionary is a "book or list of words" and tells what words mean.)  The Wiktionary says that a pedant is "a person who is overly concerned with formal rules and trivial points of learning."

Synonym
The Wiktionary says that the word "pedantic" is a synonym for "fussy". A synonym is a word that has the same meaning as another word, or, it can mean a word that has a meaning that is almost the same.

Adjective
The Wiktionary says that "fussy" is an adjective that relates to the word 'fuss'. An adjective is a word that describes another word. (So a pedant can also be called a "fussy person" or a "person that is fussy".)

Noun and Verb
The Wiktionary also says that fuss is both a noun and a verb. Some English words have more than one meaning or are used in more than one way.

Noun
A noun describes a thing, or person or place. As a noun, a fuss is "too much activity or chatting about something".

Verb
As a verb, "fuss means to be very worried or excited about something".

What Albert Einstein says
Mies van der Rohe said that "God is in the details". I copied Albert Einstein's words onto my page because I like some of the things he said.

What I say
Maybe I have picked a good word for my user name, because I like to teach and I like to say things that are really true and not just almost true -- I am not sure if I am 'fussy', but I am very excited about Wikipedia.

My huge gallery of Wikiawards
Additional note: Hoping that you feel comfortable with us, we hope and desire that you will want to continue contributing to our/your project. I personally think that if many of us contribute, then about ten minutes per week, by reviewing the existing nominations, and eventually adding new nominations, should be more than enough to get the project going! Once again, thank you from your Motto of the day. –p joe f (talk • contribs) 10:56, 13 March 2012 (UTC)

title: User:Pedant


text:
Kalli Bjarni

Karl Bjarni Guðmundsson aka Kalli Bjarni (born 6 January 1976 in Reykjavík, Iceland) is an Icelandic singer who rose to popularity after winning Idol Stjörnuleit, the Icelandic version of Pop Idol.

Arrest
On 1 June 2007 he was arrested in Keflavik International Airport when coming from Frankfurt, Germany, and found to have 2 kilos of cocaine on his person. He was sentenced to two weeks custody while the authorities investigated whether the drugs were his or he was carrying the drugs for someone else. His career went straight downhill after the first few months of Idol-fame. Prior to being arrested he had been working on a fishing boat.

Discography
Albums
 * Kalli Bjarni (2004)

title: Kalli Bjarni


text:
Jamie Quirk

James Patrick Quirk (born October 22, 1954) is an American former professional baseball player and coach. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball from 1975 to 1992. Quirk was a member of the world champion 1985 Kansas City Royals team.

Playing career
Quirk was born in Whittier, California. He was a Parade All-America quarterback at St. Paul High School in Santa Fe Springs, California where, upon graduation, he was offered a four-year football scholarship to the University of Notre Dame. Quirk attended Whittier College.

Quirk played for the Kansas City Royals, Milwaukee Brewers, St. Louis Cardinals, Chicago White Sox, New York Yankees, Oakland Athletics, Cleveland Indians and Baltimore Orioles in a career that spanned the years 1975–1992.

On September 27, 1984, Quirk hit a game-winning home run in the bottom of the ninth inning for the Cleveland Indians in a game against the Minnesota Twins. It was the only plate appearance Quirk had for the Indians, and was meaningless for Cleveland, which was in sixth place in its division. But the home run was crucial for Quirk's former team of seven years, the Kansas City Royals, which was in a tight race with the Twins for the American League West division crown. With Quirk's home run, the Royals moved two games ahead of the Twins with three to play. The Royals clinched the division the next day. Quirk would return to the Royals in 1985 and play four more years in Kansas City.

Coaching career
Quirk began his coaching career with the Kansas City Royals in 1994 as the bullpen coach from 1994 to 1995, and then as bench coach from 1996 to 2001. He then became the bullpen coach for the Texas Rangers for the 2002 Season. Quirk moved on to become bench coach for the Colorado Rockies from 2003 to 2008 under manager Clint Hurdle. From 2010 to 2011, Quirk served as bullpen coach for the Houston Astros under manager Brad Mills. On November 29, 2011, Quirk became the bench coach for the Chicago Cubs to serve under newly-hired manager Dale Sveum where he served until 2013.

On September 6, 2012, Quirk was involved in a benches-clearing incident during a game between the Cubs and the Washington Nationals. Quirk was yelling from his own dugout, apparently at Nationals third base coach Bo Porter, causing Porter to leave his position on the field and approach Quirk. Ultimately, both teams came out onto the field and Quirk was ejected by umpire Jerry Layne.

He was the manager of the Lake Elsinore Storm and the San Antonio Missions in the San Diego Padres system before he was promoted to the El Paso Chihuahuas on June 17, 2015. Quirk managed the Kansas City Royals-affiliated Wilmington Blue Rocks from 2016 to 2017.

title: Jamie Quirk


text:
Talk:Users

There is already a page called User - Philip Nilsson

title: Talk:Users


text: User talk:24.96.124.234

title: User talk:24.96.124.234


text:
Greatest (Duran Duran album)

Greatest is a greatest hits album by English rock band Duran Duran, released in 1998.

Background and release
Greatest is an update of the 1989 tenth anniversary compilation album, Decade. The new release includes songs from their eponymous debut album through 1997's Medazzaland (excluding 1995's Thank You). The album includes all 14 songs featured in Decade, plus "New Moon on Monday" and four singles from the '90s. However, several songs on the disc are presented in their edited forms in order to fit on a single CD. In addition, the disc uses an edit of "Rio" that was not actually used on any of the song's US single releases, and to this day, has not appeared on any release other than Greatest or The Essential Collection.

The album was released by EMI after parting ways with the band following the disastrous Medazzaland album release in 1997, marking the first of many releases designed to capitalize on the band's extensive EMI-controlled back catalogue. To coincide with the release of the Greatest album in the United Kingdom, the song "Electric Barbarella" was released as a single in that territory. This track was originally released as a single in North America in 1997 to promote the Medazzaland album (which was never released officially in Europe until 2022).

By 2008, the collection had sold 1.3 million copies in the United States, and was certified Platinum by the RIAA. The collection is the band's most commercially successful release overall, but to date, a full collection of Duran Duran's singles on one album still has not been released.

Video album
Greatest was followed in 1999 by the release of a videotape compilation of the band's groundbreaking music videos. The video album was certified platinum by the RIAA on 29 January 2004. In November 2003, the video album was released in DVD format, titled Duran Duran: Greatest – The DVD, with hidden extra materials, including alternative versions of some of the videos and interviews of the band; however, this version is much criticised for its extensive use of easter egg features, which make it difficult to find and play some materials. In 2005, the disc was re-issued in a "Sight & Sound" package, containing both the CD and the DVD minus all of the latter's bonus material.

Duran Duran

 * Simon Le Bon – lead vocals
 * Nick Rhodes – keyboards
 * John Taylor – bass (tracks 1–15, 17, 18)
 * Andy Taylor – guitars (tracks 1–3, 5–12)
 * Roger Taylor – drums (tracks 1–3, 5–12)
 * Warren Cuccurullo – guitars (tracks 4, 13–19), bass (16)
 * Sterling Campbell – drums (tracks 15, 17)

Production

 * Nigel Reeve – mastering, co-ordination, compilation
 * Terry Burch – mastering
 * Malcolm Garrett – package design

title: Greatest (Duran Duran album)


text:
Culpeper

Culpeper or Culpepper may refer to:

People

 * Culpeper (surname), a list of people with the surname Culpeper, Culpepper or Colepeper

Places

 * Culpeper, Virginia, United States, a town
 * Culpeper station, a railroad station
 * Culpeper Historic District
 * Culpeper County, Virginia, United States
 * Culpeper National Cemetery
 * Culpeper Regional Airport
 * Culpeper Basin, New Jersey, United States
 * Culpepper Island, a small uninhabited isle off the coast of Barbados, West Indies
 * Culpepper Island (Galápagos), other name of Darwin Island in the Galapagos, Ecuador

Other uses

 * Culpepper (horse), an American Thoroughbred racehorse, winner of the 1874 Preakness Stakes
 * Culpeper baronets, two extinct titles in the Baronetage of England

title: Culpeper


text:
Walter Bruch

Walter Bruch (2 March 1908 – 5 May 1990) was a German electrical engineer and pioneer of German television. He was the inventor of Closed-circuit television. He invented the PAL colour television system at Telefunken in the early 1960s. In addition to his research activities Walter Bruch was an honorary lecturer at Hannover Technical University. He was awarded the Werner von Siemens Ring in 1975.

Biography
He was born in Neustadt an der Weinstraße in the German Empire. At his father's request he attended a business school, but then trained as a machinist apprenticeship in a shoe factory. From 1928 he attended the university of applied science Hochschule Mittweida in Saxony. After that, he was a guest student at the Technical University of Berlin, where he met Manfred von Ardenne and the Hungarian inventor Dénes von Mihály.

From the early 1930s Bruch was involved in the development of television technology: in 1933 he presented a "people's television receiver" with a self-built telecine. In 1935 he started work as a technician in the Television and Physics research Department of Telefunken which was headed by Professor Fritz Schröter and where Emil Mechau developed a special television camera for the 1936 Summer Olympics. The Summer Olympic Games of 1936 in Berlin became a milestone for audiovisual technology and Bruch was able to field test the first Iconoscope camera, developed by Emil Mechau based on a tube by Walter Heimann. One year later, at the Paris International Exposition, he introduced an iconoscope television unit that he had designed. During World War II he operated a closed-circuit television system installed at the Peenemünde launch site, so that the V-2 rocket launches could be watched at a safe distance from a bunker.

In 1950, Telefunken commissioned him to develop the first post-war television receivers. Some time later, he returned to physics research and later colour television. He studied and thoroughly tested the American NTSC system and what would later become the French SECAM system. His work led him and co-workers like and Dr. Kruse to devise a new colour television system that automatically corrected for the differential phase distortion that can occur along the transmission channel.

On 3 January 1963, he gave the first public presentation of the Phase Alternation Line System to a group of experts from the European Broadcasting Union in Hannover. This is considered to be the date of birth of the PAL-Telefunken system, which was later adopted by more than thirty countries (at present, more than one hundred). When interviewed by German talk show host Hans Rosenthal on why he had named it the "PAL system", Bruch replied that certainly no German would want to have a "Bruch-System" had his family name been used as the eponym; Bruch in German is synonymous with "broken".

He received the David Sarnoff Medal from the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers in 1971 and the Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor from the German Eduard Rhein Foundation in 1981. He died in Hanover, aged 82.

Awards

 * 1967: Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany; Knight Commander's Cross with star
 * 1968: Goldene Kamera 1967 (Golden Camera 1967)
 * 1973: Culture Award, German Society for Photography
 * 1975: Werner von Siemens Ring
 * 1979: Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria; Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold
 * 1982: Niedersächsischer Staatspreis (Lower Saxony State Prize), for Science
 * 1986: Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art

title: Walter Bruch


text:
Talk:Helen Dale

Darville and Eastern Europe ancestry(ies)
Responding to an entry in the Edit History that Darville did not claim any Eastern European backgrounds other than coming from the Ukraine:

According to Sneja Gunew in Performing Australian Ethnicity: 'Helen Demidenko we find:

"As tireless investigative reporters from her home town of Brisbane, sifted the evidence, it was revealed that the author had a long history of 'passing' as an 'ethnic', although her specific allegiances had been all over the map, so to speak, ranging from Czechoslovakian to Hungarian etc. (Bentley 1995; Dibben 1995)."

I attended Queensland University with Helen Darville before her "literary career" began and was in quite a number of lecture groups and tutorials with her for many years. I can say that from the first meeting she claimed to be czech and that she had learned english in 8 weeks and that she had been in australia for only 6 months. I found out a few months later that she had told one of the Classics faculty lecturers and tutor that she was hungarian, and another student that she was polish (unconnected to the comment below i think). She claimed that her father was a poor taxi driver, even though in a lecture she made a comment that her mother collected Wedgewood. Also to anyone who was familiar with brisbane it was obvious that Helen was a product of a private girl's school (Grace Lutheran i beleive). I cannot explain it any better than that, but anyone from brisbane would understand this. She came accross as somewhat spoilt and on one memorable occassion for the tute group she was scathing in her criticism, to the point of offensive, of the Classics and Ancient History faculty when she did not recieve the marks to which she felt she was entitled. During my time at university with her, i can say the people began to realise that not everything that she said was necessarily factually based. By a strange coincidence, through mutual friends in the brisbane reenactment community, i happened to know Paul Gadaloff, the guy that gave helen access to The Black Deeds of the Kremlin; he was from a russian emigre family that claimed aristocratic heritage and he was seemingly obsessed with returning to russia to reclaim the family estates. For another reference to the gadaloff's, Garth, brother of the above:

http://www.courts.qld.gov.au/qjudgment/QCA%201998/QCA98-458.pdf

When her novel was released amid the claims that she was making regarding her background, etc, i thought that it would only be a very short time before the "fiction" was uncovered; instead it went on and no one questioned what was being said in the media. Given that i am only one person of the literally dozens if not hundreds of people that shared lectures and tutorials with helen darville, who knew that she was not who she was now claiming to be, i still find it remarkable that no one said anything. I also knew girls that had attended high school with her, who also knew that what she was claiming was not true. In the 1990's Brisbane was still a relativly "small town" and the number of people that knew the real truth about helen darville must have been remarkable.

When Helen Darville was awarded the Miles Franklin it was just surreal that no one had caught on the deception. Taken in the context of the long history of contradictory lies, fabrications and half truths that she had told about herself I think that it is amazing that no one at all thought to say anything or that the media didn't do even superficial research, so much for the efforts of those "tireless investigators"!!

And in Natalie Jane Prior's The Demidenko Diary Prior says that Darville claimed Polish-Ukrainian background when they were studying in a course together before the writing of The Hand that Signed the Paper.

I cannot remember that exact reference but it is on the first few pages of that book.

This site may or may not help: http://www.newcriterion.com/archive/18/sept99/victim.htm

I do know that these are second-hand sources at best, and the editor who first raised it had a first-hand source. EuropracBHIT 11:15, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Fairfax are Yellow on Geocities
Is this really a reliable site to be using? Further, is it NPOV?

(I did have a look at it. It mainly seemed to castigate certain columnists who write for the Age and the Sydney Morning Herald, and reviewers).

For those of you who don't know it, it seems very pro-Darville. I looked in Google and there were 133 references to it, mostly in directories. So its claim that it is suppressed is not very true.

Rather, its situation seems to be a case of self-promotion:

"Fairfax Are Yellow Monitoring the censorship of Australian writer and journalist Helen Darville by the Fairfax media and their associates." is seen in the vast majority of tags.

This is what is in the directories (which include DMOZ, Tiscali and Excite, to name a few): /Society/ Issues/Business/Allegedly_Unethical_Firms/One_Complainant/ EuropracBHIT 11:30, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

false accusations of plagiarism?
i seem to recall that those accusations may not have been so false as to justify a flat rejection by this article. this article appears to be a one sided defence of darville for most of it. if my memory recalls, some of the accusations against darville were substantiated. Xtra 12:44, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Apparent edits by pro-Darville anons like 213.105.232.92 - Skysmith 20:48, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * There are newspapers claiming it was real; given the provability defenders are obligated to bring forth a source which says otherwise. Mackensen (talk) 23:14, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

Helen Dale
The subject of this article appeared on ABC's "All in the Mind" radio programme as Helen Dale in 2006, which I've added to the article (along with a redirect page). I suppose, as this is her current name, the page should be moved? Ben White 11:09, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Even if it's not moved, this page really needs an explanation of why it's under 'Helen Darville', and she is referred to throughout as Darville, but the summary leads off with 'Helen Dale' and birth dates. Is Darville a married name, legally changed name, adoptee name? The way this is phrased it appears not to be a simple pseudonym like Demidenko. I ask this as someone who knows nothing about this case—if I'm confused, others will be too. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.108.136.101 (talk) 23:57, 5 August 2014 (UTC)

Not Much Attempt to Hide an Advertisement Here!
This is a good example of a dressed-up blurb, and it belongs in a publisher's catalogue. I'd expect better on a Kellog's Corn Flakes packet. Thedarky 14:42, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

I agree, this page is a white wash. Helen Demidenko should have her own page as a hoax and helen Darville-Dale-Demidenko the real person could have a bio page. If I didn't have a real life I'd fixed it. --Meika (talk) 08:34, 2 March 2008 (UTC)
 * The hoax and the prize-winning novel are notable. The rest isn't.--Jack Upland (talk) 09:14, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

Biography assessment rating comment
The article may be improved by following the WikiProject Biography 11 easy steps to producing at least a B article. -- Edofedinburgh 02:08, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Dubious claim in Oxford section
I removed this from the 'Oxford' section as the ref cited didn't mention anything about it. Anchoress · Weigh Anchor · Catacomb 05:15, 2 March 2008 (UTC)

Biographical Section
The opening sentence reads: "Helen Dale, formerly a lover of Jamie Darville (born 24 January 1972) is an Australian columnist and writer." This reads poorly. It appears from this that Jamie Darville was born on 24 January 1972 and not Helen Dale. Secondly, why the reference to Jamie Darville, without explanation, when he doesn't rate a separate page entry of his own? Is this trying to say that Helen Dale changed her name to Darville after being Jamie Darville's lover, or something else? I'm confused. I think this first sentence needs a re-write. Perry Middlemiss (talk) 10:35, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
 * The introduction to this page has now been amended, for which many thanks. Perry Middlemiss (talk) —Preceding undated comment added by Perry Middlemiss (talk • contribs) 23:36, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

Appearance of novel on biography page
As part of my personal project to raise the profile of the Miles Franklin Award I am creating a separate page for each winner of the award. Helen Darville's page contains details of the novel which will make this rather difficult. I'd prefer to see it on its own page. Perry Middlemiss (talk) 03:52, 8 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Have a look at Thomas Keneally and the reference in it to Schindler's Ark. I think you could do the same thing. Abbreviate what's on this article to one para (I think given the controversy a small section needs to be retained here), put in the Main Article tag as per the Keneally article, and then transfer the rest over to a separate article. Hopefully those who added it here will be happy with that.Sterry2607 (talk) 07:09, 15 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Good suggestion. I'll work towards that. Perry Middlemiss (talk) 22:57, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

Sydney Morning Herald Report
There is mention of the fact that the Sydney Morning Herald report that Darville's novel was originally submitted as non-fiction is not true. But no evidence or reference is provided for this refutation. In the absence of such evidence I suggest we take the news paper report as factual. I suggest that registered users edit the page to delete the claim that the report is not true. Blurredcrusader (talk) 11:55, 7 September 2008 (UTC)

Comparison with Ern Malley
The italicised section of the following sentence has been deleted from this article: "This created a furore and much debate on the nature of identity and ethnicity in Australian literature, with many comparing it to the Ern Malley Affair, a noted Australian literary hoax where an acclaimed author was found to have been an entirely fictitious creation of two established poets."

The comment on the amendment states: "Removed reference to Ern Malley affair, which was a hoax, unlike the Darville book."

The original sentence doesn't state that the Darville book was a hoax, only that some commentators indicated that it was. Have a look at, in which the two are discussed together.

I agree that the original statement probably needs a clean-up and references but it shouldn't be deleted outright.--Perry Middlemiss (talk) 23:52, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

Thanks PM, I agree that the sentence did not expressly say that the Helen Dale book was a hoax, but I do think it inferred that. The distinction between the book and the Ern Malley affair is not really made clear there or anywhere else in the article. There is a reference to 'the deception' but to follow that sentence with a direct comparison to Ern Malley makes it less clear that the Helen Dale book was not a hoax, unlike Ern Malley. It seemed a bit indelicate to state the distinction clearly so I decided that to delete the reference entirely would be safer - I would be grateful for your thoughts on a good way to include the Ern Malley reference while making the distinction clear (as I'm struggling with that). LaurenA1 (talk) 10:31, 14 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I'll give it some thought. --Perry Middlemiss (talk) 22:18, 14 January 2009 (UTC)

Needs clearer introduction
The intro as it stands tell readers nothing at all about what this author has actually written about. It also fails to specify in what sense she perpetrated a hoax. I'm drafting an expanded version of the introduction which tries to fill these gaps. Kalidasa 777 (talk) 03:03, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

Rename?
Should this article be renamed to Helen Dale, seeing as it's what she seems to be best known as now? Also, any idea when she changed her name (to Dale)? 58.7.90.83 (talk) 06:03, 10 September 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified one external link on Helen Darville. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110609224823/http://ah.brookes.ac.uk/researcharchive/conferences/calp/papers/china.pdf to http://ah.brookes.ac.uk/researcharchive/conferences/calp/papers/china.pdf

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 05:44, 31 March 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified one external link on Helen Darville. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061012013532/http://www.aijac.org.au/review/1997/222/tzad222.html to http://www.aijac.org.au/review/1997/222/tzad222.html

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:36, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians, I have just modified one external link on Helen Darville. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes: When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070917075110/http://blogs.theaustralian.news.com.au/yoursay/index.php/theaustralian/comments/literary_rebirth_in_progress_for_hand_that_signs_the_blog/ to http://blogs.theaustralian.news.com.au/yoursay/index.php/theaustralian/comments/literary_rebirth_in_progress_for_hand_that_signs_the_blog

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 12:21, 1 November 2017 (UTC)

Requested move 22 August 2018

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved L293D (☎ • ✎) 14:31, 6 September 2018 (UTC)

Helen Darville → Helen Dale – Darville is Helen's maiden name, her current legal name is Helen Dale. Also, all her books are published under the name Helen Dale (including the republished The Hand That Signed the Paper) werewolf (talk) 13:16, 22 August 2018 (UTC) --Relisting. Dreamy Jazz 🎷 talk to me | my contributions 20:14, 29 August 2018 (UTC)

 * This is a contested technical request (permalink). — Frayæ (Talk/Spjall) 15:27, 22 August 2018 (UTC)

 * Support. Images of book covers and other references indicate that while the surnames "Demidenko" and "Darville" are always mentioned in relation to subject, her public name is, in fact, Helen Dale.   Roman Spinner (talk • contribs) 14:49, 31 August 2018 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Make up your mind
The article alternates between calling her "Dale" and calling her "Darville." Make up your mind.

Really, this article should be nominated for deletion on the grounds that this second-rate con-artist doesn't deserve an article.

Sardaka (talk) 09:54, 12 April 2019 (UTC)

Minor markup change
Hello, you recently did a cleanup of this article. I noticed that in one instance, you changed the character entity for the em-dash to its unicode symbol and I'm curious to know, why is that style preferable? Thank you. Revirvlkodlaku (talk) 14:15, 14 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Yes. As you know, I completed the edit using AWB. I set up the find and replace to do the link change (the Holocaust → The Holocaust) and added a module to AWB to perform the date format audit, but some of the minor changes are built-in to the program. I am not part of the development team and the change you mentioned may not be discussed anywhere in the documentation. My guess is that it's more compact and cheaper to send over the wire. Dawnseeker2000  22:57, 14 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Hmm, I don't really know what that means, but ok... Revirvlkodlaku (talk) 01:39, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
 * OK, sorry about that. I had assumed that you saw the tag for my change in the article. Here's some links to help explain what I meant. AWB is a stand alone program (independent from a web browser) that some editors use to make changes to the encyclopedia. Editors add and maintain a list of common typos and also a group of "built-in" changes called genfixes. That's where I think the emdash; → — originated.😃 Dawnseeker2000  02:50, 15 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I understood that part, I just wasn't sure why the em-dash was changed. Another editor reverted me in a different article and switched the unicode character back to the character entity, so I was trying to understand which style was preferable and why. Revirvlkodlaku (talk) 05:21, 15 October 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Helen Dale


text:
Betty Williams (Coronation Street)

Betty Williams (also Preston and Turpin) is a fictional character from the ITV soap opera Coronation Street, portrayed by former music hall star Betty Driver. Driver was cast as Betty in 1969, after first auditioning for the role of Hilda Ogden, which was given to Jean Alexander. The character arrived in Coronation Street to help her sister Maggie Cooke (Irene Sutcliffe) run the corner shop, and since then had a number of storylines which saw her become twice widowed, and mother to an illegitimate son.

For most of her tenure in the show, Betty worked as a barmaid in the soap's Rovers Return Inn, where she created a signature dish, known as Betty's hotpot.

Driver died in October 2011, and Betty was subsequently written out, with the character dying off-screen from an illness in April 2012.

Creation
Betty Driver, who had been performing since she was eight years old, retired from acting in her late forties to run hotels in Cheshire and Derbyshire. It was here that she was spotted by one of her customers, Harry Kershaw, producer of Coronation Street, who persuaded her to audition for the role of Hilda Ogden in 1964; she eventually had to turn the role down as she was tied into an advertising contract with Procter & Gamble and they refused to release her. The part of Hilda eventually went to Jean Alexander. Driver has commented, "Harry Kershaw, producer of Coronation Street, persuaded me to audition for Hilda Ogden – just think I could have been wearing curlers for 30 years." In 1969, she was cast as the new character, Betty Turpin.

Following her first appearance in 1969, Driver remained in the role of Betty continuously. In a 2006 interview she laughed off the notion of retirement, saying: "From day one on The Street everyone has been very kind to me. In fact, I'm godmother to Bill Roache's son. So as long as they want me, I'm happy to stay. The Street is like home and they really are my family." She confirmed her intention to remain on the show in 2010, when the character celebrated her 90th birthday. In May 2010, the News of the World reported that Driver had decided to retire, just prior to the actress's 90th birthday. Driver was distressed by the rumour, and assured producer Phil Collinson of her intention to remain with the soap, and was told that Betty was very much a part of plans for the series' upcoming 50th anniversary celebrations. Driver died on 15 October 2011, having appeared in over 2,800 episodes of Coronation Street.

Backstory
Betty was born at 6 Tile Street, Weatherfield on 4 February 1920 to Harold and Margaret Preston. During World War II, she had an affair with serviceman Ted Farrell (Gerald Sim), resulting in a son, Gordon (Bill Kenwright; Geoffrey Leesley). Ted left her to return to his family and Gordon was adopted by Betty's sister Maggie (Irene Sutcliffe) and her husband Les Clegg (John Sharp). Betty celebrated the end of the war with her sweetheart Billy Williams (Frank Mills), to whom she had lost her virginity. The two lost touch, and in 1949, Betty married policeman Cyril Turpin (William Moore).

Storylines
Betty and her husband Cyril move to Weatherfield in June 1969, helping her sister Maggie to run the local corner shop following the break-up of Maggie's marriage to Les Clegg. Maggie, however, resents Betty's interference, and persuades landlord Jack Walker (Arthur Leslie) to give Betty a job as a barmaid at the Rovers Return Inn public house. Betty clashes with the landlady Annie Walker (Doris Speed), who fears that Jack may find her attractive, and fires Betty as a result. Betty takes a job in a rival pub, and returns only when Annie apologises. Betty becomes close friends with fellow barmaid Bet Lynch (Julie Goodyear), who uses Betty as a chaperone on dates, on occasion lodges with her, and frequently seeks her advice in running her life.

Cyril's employment as a policeman causes Betty problems when Keith Lucas (David Webb), a man he has previously arrested, begins stalking her. She initially refrains from telling Cyril, fearing that he will get into trouble. When Cyril finds out, he attacks Lucas with a piece of lead piping and has to leave the police force. Betty has a breakdown when Cyril dies of a heart attack in 1974, leaving her only £859. In the same year the truth about her illegitimate son is revealed; she also acquires a ginger cat named Marmaduke for extra companionship. Betty builds a relationship with Gordon, though he upsets her occasionally, particularly when he neglects to invite her to his wedding.

Betty is mugged in 1982 by Raymond Attwood (Joe Searby) from Ken Barlow's (William Roache) youth club; she ends up in hospital with a broken arm. This leads to a reunion with Ted, the man who fathered Gordon, though he is unaware of his son's existence. Ted visits Betty in hospital after reading about her mugging in a newspaper. Betty agonises over whether to tell Ted about Gordon, but decides against it, preferring not to stir up the past.

On the fiftieth anniversary of VE Day in 1995, Betty is reunited with her wartime sweetheart Billy. The two marry several months later, and Gordon gives his mother away. They live happily together until Billy also dies of a heart attack in 1997. Betty becomes famous in Weatherfield for her hotpots, which come under scrutiny in the early 1990s when it is believed that they are contaminated. She is cleared of all wrongdoing when it is discovered that beer, not food, is responsible for a spate of stomach upsets. Betty acts as lady mayoress alongside mayor Alf Roberts (Bryan Mosley) when his wife Audrey (Sue Nicholls) has no interest in fulfilling her civic duties. This includes accompanying him to receive his OBE from the Queen, much to Audrey's chagrin. In 1999, Betty celebrates 30 years of working at The Rovers Return with a party attended by all the regulars. She considers retiring in 2002 and briefly moves to Wimbledon to be with Gordon and his wife Caroline (Elaine Donnelly; Sarah Thurstan). Feeling that Caroline does not want her there, Betty considers moving into a retirement home; however, she is convinced to stay in Weatherfield by her close friend Emily Bishop (Eileen Derbyshire). Around the time of Betty's 40th anniversary at The Rovers Return, she is sacked by new manager Poppy Morales (Sophiya Haque) after clashing with her on several occasions. Landlord Steve McDonald (Simon Gregson) eventually tires of Poppy's poor treatment of the staff and fires her. Betty is reinstated, and plays the fairy godmother in the 2009 Rovers Return Christmas pantomime performance of Cinderella. In early February 2010, Betty has a party in The Rovers Return celebrating both her 90th birthday and the fact that she is the oldest barmaid in Weatherfield; however, it backfires when 91-year-old Enid Crump (June Broughton) crashes the party and claims she is the oldest barmaid, not Betty. Later, Enid becomes sick after Steve serves her a three-month-old hotpot. Betty and Steve are left terrified when they realise that the hotpot could kill Enid, but she later recovers. During the tram crash of December 2010, Betty comforts Claire Peacock (Julia Haworth) after her husband Ashley (Steven Arnold) is tragically crushed to death by the rubble.

Betty is last seen in May 2011, trying in vain to stop David (Jack P. Shepherd) and Kylie Platt (Paula Lane) from coming behind the bar to speak with Becky McDonald (Katherine Kelly). Although Betty is mentioned and referred to by various characters, her subsequent absence was not explained until February 2012, when Audrey asks Stella Price (Michelle Collins) how Betty is, to which Stella replies that Betty is "still a bit under the weather".

On 16 April 2012, Emily and Rita Sullivan (Barbara Knox) arrange to visit a convalescing Betty and go to meet Gordon, who has agreed to drive them there. However, when Gordon does arrive, he brings with him the unexpected news that Betty has died peacefully in her sleep the night before. The residents of the street all gather in The Rovers Return and hold an impromptu memorial for Betty, with all of her old friends reminiscing about her. Gordon, with some persuasion from Emily, decides to have his mother buried in Weatherfield after initially contemplating London. It is later revealed that Annie left The Rovers Return to Betty in her will; however, Betty never acted on this. Gordon assures Stella that he is not interested in the pub and it will remain in her possession. Despite being one of the street's longest serving characters, Betty's funeral was held off-screen. After the wake and lock-up, Stella hangs a photo of Betty on the wall over The Rovers Return, for all to see and remember her. This photo was destroyed during a fire at The Rovers Return in March 2013 started by Karl Munro (John Michie) but, following the refurbishment, Rita managed to obtain an identical copy which remains hanging on the wall in the same place to this day.

Personality
In his 1998 book The Women of Coronation Street, Daran Little describes Betty as an archetypal mother figure. He compares her to one of Coronation Street's original characters Minnie Caldwell (Margot Bryant), as she is "warm and comforting [...] loves cats and has had her share of lodgers"; however, Little notes that "while Minnie wandered through life in a haze, Betty is sharp-witted, blessed with insight and wisdom". Discussing her evolving characterisation, Little writes: "She hasn't always been the incarnation of lovable joviality: when she arrived in the Street in 1969, she was loud, brash and a vicious-tongued gossip."

Betty's two passions in life are darts and food. Playing darts brings out her competitive side, and she enjoys beating her male customers. Cyril frequently protests when Betty attempts to diet, as he prefers her "homely and comfortable" figure. Ultimately, Betty stops trying to lose weight, stating: "I had to chose [sic] between losing a few pounds or losing my marital partner. If my Cyril had wanted to marry a skinny rabbit he'd have married one." Betty breaks down when Cyril dies from a heart attack, with Little noting that: "Cyril had been the stabilizing force in Betty's life, and without him she relied heavily on her job and friends at the Rovers – she couldn't face life alone at home". Little has observed that Betty "has a finely tuned sense of right and wrong and has never been afraid to stand up for her beliefs", citing Betty's shock at being mugged in 1982, and calling the NSPCC to report a female neighbour whose children were left outside until nightfall while their mother entertained her boyfriend.

In 2010, Driver discussed her character, saying, "Coronation Street characters tend to fit into one of two camps. Those who have drama after drama and those who muddle through life, often in the background, as sturdy and dependable as the famous cobbles. Betty falls into the latter group. There have been moments of drama, intrigue and even romance – but it has been her presence behind the bar, cutting up pieces of lamb and chunks of potato, that has endeared her to the viewers." When asked about Betty's "sharp tongue", Driver suggested, "Not really sharp. [Betty's] just straightforward. [She's] not nasty to anybody but [she doesn't] suffer fools gladly."

Barmaid of The Rovers Return
Betty was the longest-serving barmaid of the soap's public house, The Rovers Return. She first served behind the bar in 1969 and had been shown to work there for 42 years, as of 2011. There have been brief breaks however, as storylines have led to the character being fired or quitting her post. She was fired by Annie Walker (Doris Speed), who accused her of theft, and she quit her post in 1995 when Jack (Bill Tarmey) and Vera Duckworth (Liz Dawn) took over as landlords. In the summer of 2009, Betty was sacked again temporarily by manager Poppy Morales. In a storyline that aired in February 2010, Betty – at 90 years old – was named Manchester's Oldest Barmaid. In a plot twist, a 91-year-old rival comes forward, resulting in Betty fearing she killed her, when the rival consumes a two-month-old hotpot.

Reception
ITV described Betty as a "lynchpin" of the soap opera, stating that: "She's as much a part of Coronation Street as the cobble stones." Former executive producer Brian Park suggested in 1997 that characters such as Betty "are essential ingredients. They're like the big clock on the mantelpiece."

The character was one of the longest-serving in British soap, coming third behind Ken Barlow and Emily Bishop in a 1998 survey assessing character episode appearances in Coronation Street's history.

Driver was awarded a lifetime achievement award at The British Soap Awards in May 2010, to honour her role as Betty who had, at that time, featured in Coronation Street for 41 years. Due to illness, Driver was unable to collect the award in person, but she recorded a video message thanking everyone at ITV.

Betty's hotpot
During her time on Coronation Street, the character became famous for her signature dish at the Rovers Return Inn, Betty's hotpot. ITV have described the dish as "the stuff of legends", and in 1995, pie manufacturer Holland's Pies launched a real-life range of hotpots and pies based on the dish, called "Betty's Kitchen". The idea for the range originated with the firm's marketing director, Dilys Day, who explained: "I was brought up on hotpot and Coronation Street. So when I joined Holland's a year ago, it seemed right to put the two together with Betty's hotpot." Day added that: "We are all very excited about Betty's Kitchen products. Holland's is a strong northern brand, with mass market appeal and wholesome, honest values – the same can be said for The Street." Betty would often drop the letter 'h' when pronouncing the word hotpot to make the dish sound more Northern.

In his book Marketing Communication, Richard J. Varey used the product range as an example of a company capitalising on a form of product placement or "stealth advertising", writing that "Viewers don't realize that they are, in effect, watching an advertisement". Betty Driver said of the range's launch: "Betty Turpin's hotpots have become something of an institution at the Rover's and she's very proud of her reputation for good, wholesome food. I think it is a lovely idea that people will be able to buy them in supermarkets now." Driver discussed her astonishment at the general level of interest in her character's hotpots, disclosing: "I was on a cruise on the QE2 a few weeks ago, and everyone was asking me about it. Then one day, they served hot pot on the menu and everyone thought it was mine!"

In 2007, Liverpool Daily Post editor Larry Neild was selected to join Liverpool's 'Health is Wealth' commission, researching the effects of food deprivation on poor health, after writing a scathing column in which he suggested that the commission's chairman, Sue Woodward, chief executive of ITV Granada, should set a good example in Coronation Street by banning Betty's hotpot. In October of the same year, allegedly the world's biggest Lancashire hotpot was created, based on Betty's traditional hotpot recipe from Coronation Street. The hotpot was cooked in a specially crafted 12 ft by 7 ft tin, weighing 200 kilos. 2008 saw Betty's hotpot come under scrutiny in the soap, after Street resident Jerry Morton suffered a heart attack. Jerry's ex-wife Teresa Bryant blamed the fatty meat in Betty's hotpots for hardening his arteries, and local butcher Ashley Peacock suggested that ostrich meat may be an up-and-coming new alternative, much to Betty's outrage.

In other media
In 1998, a straight to video, Coronation Street spin-off film was released, featuring Betty. It was entitled The Women of Coronation Street and featured clips of the show's most famous females. The video hailed the brief return of Coronation Street favourite Hilda Ogden, who had not been seen in the soap since 1987; Betty travelled to meet her at her new home. A spokesperson for Granada Television commented, "It shows what happens when Betty [Williams] goes up to visit Hilda Ogden at her home in Derbyshire. She used to do cleaning work for a doctor and when he died, he left her the house in gratitude. It'll be a souvenir fans want to keep."

title: Betty Williams (Coronation Street)


text:
Talk:Job Training Partnership Act of 1982

Untitled
I think this article may be a bit of information overkill. It is loaded with all the information neccessary to understand the Act short of reading the actual text, but it is very lengthy. Could I get some feedback on this? Skyler 11:23, Aug 5, 2004 (UTC)

Just as a quick note:

''This Act was repealed by title I, Sec. 199(b)(2) of the Workforce Investment Act of 1982. Some of the provisions were adjusted for the new Act and some were dropped.''

I assume that 1982 there is a typo, it seems unlikely that an act 'of 1982' would be repealed in 1982. --Booklegger 18:31, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Peer review
I saw your request for peer review, and am obliging. I think I see where your problem lies.

The reason that the article is so long is that it is not, in my opinion, an encyclopedia article. Take this sentence for example:

Directs the Secretary to take appropriate action to establish administrative procedures and machinery (including personnel having particular competence in this field) for the selection, administration, monitoring, and evaluation of Native American employment and training programs, and of migrant and seasonal employment and training programs, under this Act.

That sounds like a straight copy and paste from a government document. Even apart from the prose style, this is not an encyclopedia article because it makes very little attempt to provide context or meaning. Right now it's basically a summary of the law.

A near-complete rewrite is needed. The focus needs to shift from what the law said to what the law actually did. What were the notable effects of the law? Which were the important provisions, and which were just afterthoughts or special interests? Were these the first programs of their kind, or were they minor variants on what had gone before? Which of its programs were considered successful? Which were failures? Were all of the programs actually implemented?

Basically, you need to fit the law into the context of the overall fight against poverty. A discussion of the politics (if any) surrounding the law's passing might also be good. Isomorphic 05:44, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 2 external links on Job Training Partnership Act of 1982. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120425074251/http://www.campini.com.pl/jtpa_job_training_partnership_act to http://www.campini.com.pl/jtpa_job_training_partnership_act
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111126200440/http://www.upjohninst.org/erdc/njtpa.html to http://www.upjohninst.org/erdc/njtpa.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 01:57, 16 December 2017 (UTC)


text:
The Greasy Chip Butty Song

"The Greasy Chip Butty Song" is a football chant sung by the supporters of Sheffield United football club to the tune of "Annie's Song", glorifying life in Sheffield, in chief the chip butty but also nightlife, beer and tobacco products. The song, with its good-natured humour, has been adopted and adapted by fans of a number of other association football teams.

Origin
The song was initially written in the late 1970’s by a Rotherham United fan named Terry Moran. While the song became known as the "Greasy Chip Butty Song", Moran's inspiration came from Magnet, with the mention of chip butties being an afterthought. Gavin Hancock, a Rotherham Blade, overheard Moran singing the song in a pub and wrote his own version about the Blades; Hancock's version quickly grew in popularity among Sheffield United supporters from the early 1980’s and is now considered the club's anthem.

Words and music
The song is to the tune of "Annie's Song" by John Denver to lyrics that have varied over time with changes to the opening and final two lines.

You light up my senses, Like a gallon of Magnet, Like a packet of Woodbines, Like a good pinch of snuff, Like a night out in Sheffield, Like a greasy chip butty, Oh Sheffield United, Come thrill me again

— A version from 1997

You fill up my senses Like a gallon of Magnet Like a packet of Woodbines Like a good pinch of snuff Like a night out in Sheffield Like a greasy chip butty Like Sheffield United Come fill me again

— A version from 2020

In 2010, the Sheffield Star printed a version of the lyrics with "You fill up my senses... come thrill me again". In 2020, local musician Max Restaino recorded a version of the song in aid of the Sheffield Hospitals Charity. This recording also used "You fill up my senses... come thrill me again" lyrics.

Meaning
To a native of Yorkshire the words are probably self-explanatory; the words celebrate the many pleasures that can be had in Sheffield, culminating in the target of the fan's adoration, in this instance, Sheffield United.
 * Magnet refers to Magnet Bitter from John Smith's Brewery, widely available in Yorkshire.
 * Woodbines refers nostalgically to a once-popular brand of strong cigarette.
 * Snuff is ground tobacco for sniffing up the nose. Wilson's Snuff Mill, established in 1737, is located a mile away from Bramall Lane.
 * A greasy chip butty can be purchased in any of the many local fish and chip shops. Butty is a dialect word for a sandwich, and a chip butty is simply a sandwich where the filling is chips, ideally greasy and sometimes sprinkled with salt and vinegar. Generally, a white sandwich bap will be used for the bread. In Sheffield, these are simply known as breadcakes.

The song itself is a plaintive rally-cry by the fans of Sheffield United. It is usually heard at the start of home games played at 'Beautiful Downtown Bramall Lane' (as it is often called by the announcer on match days), the home of the club, and sporadically throughout away matches.

Other versions
Moran's original version is similar save for the mentions of Sheffield (replaced respectively with "Masborough" and "Rotherham United") and the last line, which Moran changed to "Can’t fill me enough". Tha fills up mi senses Like a gallon o' Magnet Like a packet o' Woodbines Like a good pinch o' snuff Like a night out in Masborough Like a greasy chip butty Like Rotherham United Can't fill me enough

— Moran's version Modified versions of the song are also sung by supporters of Burton Albion (where the references to Magnet and Woodbines are replaced with Marston's Pedigree ("Peddi") and Walkers), Grimsby Town (where Magnet is replaced by Tetley's) and St Helens R.F.C. (where the beer is Greenalls and a kebab replaces cigarettes).

You light up my senses, Like a gallon of Greenall's, Like a kebab from Geno's, Like a good sniff of glue, Like a night out at Martine's, Like a split fish and curry, Oh St Helens rugby, Come thrill me again!

— St Helens RFC version Greenall's is the local beer, Geno's a popular kebab shop in town and Martine's was a nightclub which has since closed. A "Split" is a local slang name for chips and peas ordered from a chippy in St Helens, as in the songs case it is also served with fish and curry. The reference to glue-sniffing is black humour based on the reputation the town gained as industry was closed down under the Thatcher government leaving less opportunities for young people and leading to St Helens being viewed as a dying town. This experience was not unique in the industrial north at the time and the reference in the song should be taken as an example of the sharp wit of Sintelliners rather than a reflection of the town itself.

International version
In January 2007, in tribute to Sheffield United's visiting Chinese sister team, the Chengdu Blades, the Sheffield Star penned the following version – the Greasy Egg Noodle song. You fill up my senses, Like a gallon of soy sauce, Like a packet of chopsticks, Like a good crispy duck, Like a night out in Chengdu, Like a greasy egg noodle, Like Chengdu 'n' United, Come thrill me again...

— Chengdu version

title: The Greasy Chip Butty Song


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/The Greasy Chip Butty Song

borderline patent nonsense, though it does seem to be true, it is a joke or sthg. Dunc_Harris|☺ 11:32, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Non-notable. The best this could aspire to is Wikisource, and this doesn't rise to that level with an elevator ride. Geogre 12:45, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: Rewritten, it explains what it is and gives context.  Nicely done, anonymous author. Geogre 00:17, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * As it is, it is not good. It does seem to be really well-known.  Perhaps it could be merged with Sheffield United F.C., since that's where it's gained its...uh...fame.  Did you know you could download it as a ringtone???  Joyous 14:12, Aug 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Possibly merge with a page on football chants, if one exists. Darksun 15:04, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep in present form. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 01:11, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC) Put on cleanup? If it's well-known—and "Greasy Chip Butty" in quotes gets 6930 Google hits—it could be a decent short article if someone would explain what the heck it is and what the cultural context is. Also what a "greasy chip butty" is, please. I have frequently sought explanations of old catchphrases and wished that encyclopedias included them. In its present form, though, could it be a copyvio? [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 00:53, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - not an article, possible copyvio as well. -- Cyrius|✎ 20:17, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I can see no real reason to delete this page other than bloated opinionism and condecending arrogance. This may well be of value to someone other than yourself.

--Crestville 18:34, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC) PluckyBlade 20:16, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)'
 * I have added some more info to the page and would be happy to expand on what is there. As someone who grew up in Sheffield the words are probably quite a commentary on Sheffield culture.
 * I say keep. Interesting, and seems signficiant. I can too spell! [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 00:24, 2004 Aug 11 (UTC)
 * This is genuine, whereas the Pokemon nonsense, etc, is manufactured. Clean up slightly and keep. Wetman 19:30, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)