text:
Party class

The sociologist Max Weber formulated a three-component theory of stratification in which he defined party class as a group of people (part of a society) that can be differentiated on the basis of their affiliations with other engaged members in the political domain.

Summary
Unlike communities, where problems arise and are solved by those within the group, parties are formed when individuals seek out support beyond their immediate spatial environment. Status groups such as communities, or groups of individuals in similar class situations, become parties only when their means of mobilizing and assembling in pursuit of power becomes structured. A teachers' union is one example of a party drawn from a collective communal body. While the party may not represent the will of each individual member, it forms on the basis of rational collective interests and the assignment of outside individuals to protect those interests. For instance, when taxpayers in a geographic region mobilize to vote against support for allocation of resources to local schools, the teachers' union may enter the political realm to protect the interests of its members. These pursuits are thought to be rational in that they only represent the demands of the members insofar as they relate to the reason for that party's congregation. While all members of the same union may support protection of local wildlife, those interests would be pursued via a separate party.

Unlike power formed on the basis of wealth or status, parties tend to most successfully aggregate and mobilize when their members represent a range of environments and social statuses. While a party's objective may ultimately be the protection of financial capital or the status of its members, parties initially form to represent a range of group interests. A party's political program represents both the key issues that party members decide on once congregated, and pull issues aimed at attracting members who share detached but similar interests. For instance, the nonprofit Habitat for Humanity may use political leverage to obtain funding from the local government, but the homebuilding it provides in low-income neighborhoods draws grassroots support for the organization's efforts. While parties always seek to maintain political leverage, the local environment provides the human capital with which to mobilize those demands.

According to Weber, parties can form in unintended directions and pursue ends that are not initially part of their intended purpose. In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber argued that the Protestant religion, initially formed as a spiritual institution, became the ethic that underlay the transition into capitalism. The initial pro-capitalist political parties that formed in Europe reflected the desire to prove success in spiritual life via the accumulation of capital, which became the pinnacle of "worldly calling". As he argued of rationality in general, parties become the formally sanctioned, bureaucratic extension of emotional authority as society transitions into modernity. Parties form primarily in democratic societies because of the ideological differences that can arise between individuals in the same geographic region.

Issues with party power
As more contemporary theorists have noted, parties tend to become overburdened with demands as they grow larger and lose focus on initial key issues. One example, pursued by Doug McAdam in his writing Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, was the Civil Rights Movement. Although the movement initially succeeded and made enormous social and political impact due to its rational and centered goals, the movement began to weaken throughout the 1970s due in part to irreconcilable views touted by its various leaders and sects.

title: Party class


text:
List of Mars-crossing minor planets

A Mars-crossing asteroid (MCA, also Mars-crosser, MC) is an asteroid whose orbit crosses that of Mars. Some Mars-crossers numbered below 100000 are listed here. They include the two numbered Mars trojans 5261 Eureka and.

Many databases, for instance the JPL Small-Body Database (JPL SBDB), only list asteroids with a perihelion greater than 1.3 AU as Mars-crossers. An asteroid with a perihelion less than this is classed as a near-Earth object even though it is crossing the orbit of Mars as well as crossing (or coming near to) that of Earth. Nevertheless, these objects are listed on this page. A grazer is an object with a perihelion below the aphelion of Mars (1.67 AU) but above the Martian perihelion (1.38 AU). The JPL SBDB lists 13,500 Mars-crossing asteroids. Only 18 MCAs are brighter than absolute magnitude (H) 12.5, which typically makes these asteroids with H<12.5 more than 13 km in diameter depending on the albedo. The smallest known MCAs have an absolute magnitude (H) of around 24 and are typically less than 100 meters in diameter. There are over 21,600 known Mars-crossers of which only 5751 have received a MPC number.

Earth having more gravity and surface area than Mars attracts more impactors than Mars. Earth is impacted about 20 times more than the Moon, and Mars only gets impacted about 3 to 5 times more than the Moon.

Co-orbital
 (leading cloud):

 (trailing cloud):
 * 5261 Eureka – the only named Mars trojan

Candidates

Inner grazers

 * 1951 Lick
 * 4947 Ninkasi
 * (10302) 1989 ML
 * 15817 Lucianotesi
 * (52381) 1993 HA
 * 52387 Huitzilopochtli
 * (85236) 1993 KH
 * 52387 Huitzilopochtli
 * (85236) 1993 KH
 * (85236) 1993 KH
 * (85236) 1993 KH
 * (85236) 1993 KH
 * (85236) 1993 KH
 * (85236) 1993 KH

Inner grazers that are also Earth-crossers or grazers

 * 1620 Geographos
 * 1865 Cerberus
 * 2063 Bacchus
 * 3361 Orpheus
 * 3362 Khufu
 * 3753 Cruithne
 * 4034 Vishnu
 * 4581 Asclepius
 * 4769 Castalia
 * 6239 Minos
 * (10115) 1992 SK
 * 11500 Tomaiyowit
 * 12711 Tukmit
 * (17511) 1992 QN

Mars-crossers that are also Earth-crossers or grazers
These objects are not catalogued as Mars-crossers in databases such as the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's online Small-body Database Browser. Instead, they are categorized as Near Earth Objects (NEOs).

 * 1566 Icarus
 * 1685 Toro
 * 1862 Apollo
 * 1863 Antinous
 * 1864 Daedalus
 * 1866 Sisyphus
 * 1981 Midas
 * 2101 Adonis
 * 2102 Tantalus
 * 2135 Aristaeus
 * 2201 Oljato
 * 2212 Hephaistos
 * 2329 Orthos
 * 3103 Eger
 * 3200 Phaethon
 * 3360 Syrinx
 * 3671 Dionysus
 * 3752 Camillo
 * 3838 Epona
 * 4015 Wilson-Harrington
 * 4179 Toutatis
 * 4183 Cuno
 * 4197 Morpheus
 * 4257 Ubasti
 * 4341 Poseidon
 * 4450 Pan
 * 4486 Mithra
 * 4660 Nereus
 * (4953) 1990 MU
 * 5011 Ptah
 * (5131) 1990 BG
 * 5143 Heracles
 * (5189) 1990 UQ
 * (5496) 1973 NA
 * (5645) 1990 SP
 * (5660) 1974 MA
 * (5693) 1993 EA
 * 5731 Zeus
 * 5786 Talos
 * (5828) 1991 AM
 * (6037) 1988 EG
 * 6063 Jason
 * (6455) 1992 HE
 * 6489 Golevka
 * (6611) 1993 VW
 * (7025) 1993 QA
 * 7092 Cadmus
 * (7335) 1989 JA
 * (7341) 1991 VK
 * (7350) 1993 VA
 * (7753) 1988 XB
 * (7888) 1993 UC
 * (7889) 1994 LX
 * (8014) 1990 MF
 * (8035) 1992 TB
 * (8176) 1991 WA
 * (8566) 1996 EN
 * (9058) 1992 JB
 * 9162 Kwiila
 * (9202) 1993 PB
 * (9856) 1991 EE
 * 11066 Sigurd
 * 11311 Peleus
 * 11885 Summanus
 * (12538) 1998 OH
 * 12923 Zephyr
 * (13651) 1997 BR
 * 14827 Hypnos
 * (17182) 1999 VU
 * (22753) 1998 WT
 * (24443) 2000 OG
 * 24761 Ahau
 * 25143 Itokawa
 * (29075) 1950 DA
 * (36236) 1999 VV
 * (37638) 1993 VB
 * 37655 Illapa
 * 38086 Beowulf
 * (52340) 1992 SY
 * (65690) 1991 DG
 * (65733) 1993 PC
 * 65803 Didymos
 * 69230 Hermes
 * (22753) 1998 WT
 * (24443) 2000 OG
 * 24761 Ahau
 * 25143 Itokawa
 * (29075) 1950 DA
 * (36236) 1999 VV
 * (37638) 1993 VB
 * 37655 Illapa
 * 38086 Beowulf
 * (52340) 1992 SY
 * (65690) 1991 DG
 * (65733) 1993 PC
 * 65803 Didymos
 * 69230 Hermes
 * (29075) 1950 DA
 * (36236) 1999 VV
 * (37638) 1993 VB
 * 37655 Illapa
 * 38086 Beowulf
 * (52340) 1992 SY
 * (65690) 1991 DG
 * (65733) 1993 PC
 * 65803 Didymos
 * 69230 Hermes
 * (37638) 1993 VB
 * 37655 Illapa
 * 38086 Beowulf
 * (52340) 1992 SY
 * (65690) 1991 DG
 * (65733) 1993 PC
 * 65803 Didymos
 * 69230 Hermes
 * (65690) 1991 DG
 * (65733) 1993 PC
 * 65803 Didymos
 * 69230 Hermes
 * (65690) 1991 DG
 * (65733) 1993 PC
 * 65803 Didymos
 * 69230 Hermes
 * (65690) 1991 DG
 * (65733) 1993 PC
 * 65803 Didymos
 * 69230 Hermes
 * (65733) 1993 PC
 * 65803 Didymos
 * 69230 Hermes
 * 69230 Hermes
 * 69230 Hermes
 * 69230 Hermes
 * 69230 Hermes
 * 69230 Hermes
 * 69230 Hermes
 * 69230 Hermes
 * 69230 Hermes
 * 69230 Hermes
 * 69230 Hermes
 * 69230 Hermes
 * 69230 Hermes

Outer grazers

 * 132 Aethra
 * 323 Brucia
 * 391 Ingeborg
 * 475 Ocllo
 * 512 Taurinensis
 * 699 Hela
 * 1009 Sirene
 * 1011 Laodamia
 * 1065 Amundsenia
 * 1131 Porzia
 * 1134 Kepler
 * 1139 Atami
 * 1170 Siva
 * 1198 Atlantis
 * 1204 Renzia
 * 1235 Schorria
 * 1293 Sonja
 * 1310 Villigera
 * 1316 Kasan
 * 1374 Isora
 * 1468 Zomba
 * 1474 Beira
 * 1508 Kemi
 * 1565 Lemaître
 * 1593 Fagnes
 * 1640 Nemo
 * 1656 Suomi
 * 1727 Mette
 * 1747 Wright
 * 1750 Eckert
 * 2035 Stearns
 * 2044 Wirt
 * 2055 Dvořák
 * 2064 Thomsen
 * 2074 Shoemaker
 * 2077 Kiangsu
 * 2078 Nanking
 * 2099 Öpik
 * 2204 Lyyli
 * 2253 Espinette
 * 2423 Ibarruri
 * 2449 Kenos
 * 2577 Litva
 * 2744 Birgitta
 * 2937 Gibbs
 * 2968 Iliya
 * 3040 Kozai
 * 3163 Randi
 * 3198 Wallonia
 * 3216 Harrington
 * 3255 Tholen
 * 3267 Glo
 * 3270 Dudley
 * 3287 Olmstead
 * 3343 Nedzel
 * 3392 Setouchi
 * 3397 Leyla
 * 3401 Vanphilos
 * 3402 Wisdom
 * 3416 Dorrit
 * 3443 Leetsungdao
 * 3496 Arieso
 * 3581 Alvarez
 * 3635 Kreutz
 * 3674 Erbisbühl
 * 3737 Beckman
 * 3800 Karayusuf
 * 3854 George
 * 3858 Dorchester
 * 3873 Roddy
 * 3920 Aubignan
 * 4142 Dersu-Uzala
 * 4205 David Hughes
 * 4276 Clifford
 * 4435 Holt
 * 4451 Grieve
 * 4558 Janesick
 * 4910 Kawasato
 * 4995 Griffin
 * 5038 Overbeek
 * 5066 Garradd
 * 5201 Ferraz-Mello
 * 5230 Asahina
 * 5246 Migliorini
 * 5251 Bradwood
 * 5253 Fredclifford
 * 5275 Zdislava
 * 5335 Damocles
 * 5349 Paulharris
 * 5392 Parker
 * 5585 Parks
 * 5621 Erb
 * 5641 McCleese
 * 5642 Bobbywilliams
 * 5649 Donnashirley
 * 5682 Beresford
 * 5720 Halweaver
 * 5738 Billpickering
 * 5817 Robertfrazer
 * 5870 Baltimore
 * 5892 Milesdavis
 * 5929 Manzano
 * 5999 Plescia
 * 6041 Juterkilian
 * 6042 Cheshirecat
 * 6141 Durda
 * 6170 Levasseur
 * 6172 Prokofeana
 * 6183 Viscome
 * 6249 Jennifer
 * 6261 Chione
 * 6263 Druckmüller
 * 6386 Keithnoll
 * 6411 Tamaga
 * 6446 Lomberg
 * 6444 Ryuzin
 * 6485 Wendeesther
 * 6487 Tonyspear
 * 6500 Kodaira
 * 6523 Clube
 * 6585 O'Keefe
 * 6847 Kunz-Hallstein
 * 6909 Levison
 * 7002 Bronshten
 * 7079 Baghdad
 * 7267 Victormeen
 * 7304 Namiki
 * 7330 Annelemaître
 * 7345 Happer
 * 7369 Gavrilin
 * 7445 Trajanus
 * 7505 Furusho
 * 7660 Alexanderwilson
 * 7723 Lugger
 * 7778 Markrobinson
 * 7816 Hanoi
 * 7818 Muirhead
 * 8251 Isogai
 * 8256 Shenzhou
 * 8355 Masuo
 * 8373 Stephengould
 * 8444 Popovich
 * 8651 Alineraynal
 * 8722 Schirra
 * (9068) 1993 OD
 * 9082 Leonardmartin
 * 9551 Kazi
 * 9564 Jeffwynn
 * 9671 Hemera
 * 9767 Midsomer Norton
 * 9881 Sampson
 * 10051 Albee
 * 10502 Armaghobs
 * (10578) 1995 LH
 * 10737 Brück
 * 10984 Gispen
 * 11152 Oomine
 * 11466 Katharinaotto
 * 11836 Eileen
 * (12009) 1996 UE
 * 13551 Gadsden
 * 13920 Montecorvino
 * (14017) 1994 NS
 * 14223 Dolby
 * 14309 Defoy
 * 15609 Kosmaczewski
 * 15673 Chetaev
 * (15700) 1987 QD
 * (15778) 1993 NH
 * 15790 Keizan
 * 16142 Leung
 * 16465 Basilrowe
 * 16529 Dangoldin
 * 16588 Johngee
 * (16635) 1993 QO
 * 16724 Ullilotzmann
 * 16958 Klaasen
 * 17435 di Giovanni
 * 17493 Wildcat
 * 17555 Kenkennedy
 * 17640 Mount Stromlo
 * 17744 Jodiefoster
 * 18284 Tsereteli
 * 18398 Bregenz
 * 18499 Showalter
 * 18751 Yualexandrov
 * 19080 Martínfierro
 * 19127 Olegefremov
 * (19877) 9086 P-L
 * 20037 Duke
 * 20187 Janapittichova
 * (20958) A900 MA
 * 21001 Trogrlic
 * (21028) 1989 TO
 * 21104 Sveshnikov
 * (21228) 1995 SC
 * 21966 Hamadori
 * 22168 Weissflog
 * 22283 Pytheas
 * 22385 Fujimoriboshi
 * 22449 Ottijeff
 * 23738 van Zyl
 * 24495 Degroff
 * 24643 MacCready
 * 24654 Fossett
 * (24682) 1990 BH
 * (26050) 3167 T-2
 * 26074 Carlwirtz
 * (26129) 1993 DK
 * 26471 Tracybecker
 * 26858 Misterrogers
 * 26879 Haines
 * 27657 Berkhey
 * (29407) 1996 UW
 * (30717) 1937 UD
 * 30767 Chriskraft
 * 30775 Lattu
 * 30785 Greeley
 * 30786 Karkoschka
 * (30800) 1989 ST
 * (30856) 1991 XE
 * 30963 Mount Banzan
 * 31098 Frankhill
 * 31415 Fenucci
 * 32890 Schwob
 * 32897 Curtharris
 * (33060) 1997 VY
 * 33330 Barèges
 * 34817 Shiominemoto
 * 35056 Cullers
 * (37314) 2001 QP
 * (37367) 2001 VC
 * (37479) 1130 T-1
 * (37568) 1989 TP
 * 37596 Cotahuasi
 * (38063) 1999 FH
 * (39561) 1992 QA
 * 39741 Komm
 * (40271) 1999 JT
 * (40315) 1999 LS
 * (42501) 1992 YC
 * 42531 McKenna
 * 42609 Daubechies
 * (45251) 1999 YN
 * (45764) 2000 LV
 * (47035) 1998 WS
 * (48450) 1991 NA
 * (48621) 1995 OC
 * (49664) 1999 MV
 * (51773) 2001 MV
 * (52310) 1991 VJ
 * 52384 Elenapanko
 * (52439) 1994 QL
 * (52453) 1994 WC
 * (52722) 1998 GK
 * (55757) 1991 XN
 * (58050) 2002 YA
 * (58070) 1034 T-2
 * (65757) 1994 FV
 * 65784 Naderayama
 * (65999) 1998 ND
 * 66458 Romaplanetario
 * (69239) 1978 XT
 * 69260 Tonyjudt
 * (69307) 1992 ON
 * 69311 Russ
 * (69350) 1993 YP
 * 73534 Liviasavioli
 * (73575) 4789 P-L
 * (73865) 1997 AW
 * 77971 Donnolo
 * (79219) 1994 LN
 * (85118) 1971 UU
 * 85119 Hannieschaft
 * 85158 Phyllistrapp
 * 85185 Lederman
 * (85235) 1993 JA
 * (85274) 1994 GH
 * (85383) 1996 MS
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * 26879 Haines
 * 27657 Berkhey
 * (29407) 1996 UW
 * (30717) 1937 UD
 * 30767 Chriskraft
 * 30775 Lattu
 * 30785 Greeley
 * 30786 Karkoschka
 * (30800) 1989 ST
 * (30856) 1991 XE
 * 30963 Mount Banzan
 * 31098 Frankhill
 * 31415 Fenucci
 * 32890 Schwob
 * 32897 Curtharris
 * (33060) 1997 VY
 * 33330 Barèges
 * 34817 Shiominemoto
 * 35056 Cullers
 * (37314) 2001 QP
 * (37367) 2001 VC
 * (37479) 1130 T-1
 * (37568) 1989 TP
 * 37596 Cotahuasi
 * (38063) 1999 FH
 * (39561) 1992 QA
 * 39741 Komm
 * (40271) 1999 JT
 * (40315) 1999 LS
 * (42501) 1992 YC
 * 42531 McKenna
 * 42609 Daubechies
 * (45251) 1999 YN
 * (45764) 2000 LV
 * (47035) 1998 WS
 * (48450) 1991 NA
 * (48621) 1995 OC
 * (49664) 1999 MV
 * (51773) 2001 MV
 * (52310) 1991 VJ
 * 52384 Elenapanko
 * (52439) 1994 QL
 * (52453) 1994 WC
 * (52722) 1998 GK
 * (55757) 1991 XN
 * (58050) 2002 YA
 * (58070) 1034 T-2
 * (65757) 1994 FV
 * 65784 Naderayama
 * (65999) 1998 ND
 * 66458 Romaplanetario
 * (69239) 1978 XT
 * 69260 Tonyjudt
 * (69307) 1992 ON
 * 69311 Russ
 * (69350) 1993 YP
 * 73534 Liviasavioli
 * (73575) 4789 P-L
 * (73865) 1997 AW
 * 77971 Donnolo
 * (79219) 1994 LN
 * (85118) 1971 UU
 * 85119 Hannieschaft
 * 85158 Phyllistrapp
 * 85185 Lederman
 * (85235) 1993 JA
 * (85274) 1994 GH
 * (85383) 1996 MS
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * 37596 Cotahuasi
 * (38063) 1999 FH
 * (39561) 1992 QA
 * 39741 Komm
 * (40271) 1999 JT
 * (40315) 1999 LS
 * (42501) 1992 YC
 * 42531 McKenna
 * 42609 Daubechies
 * (45251) 1999 YN
 * (45764) 2000 LV
 * (47035) 1998 WS
 * (48450) 1991 NA
 * (48621) 1995 OC
 * (49664) 1999 MV
 * (51773) 2001 MV
 * (52310) 1991 VJ
 * 52384 Elenapanko
 * (52439) 1994 QL
 * (52453) 1994 WC
 * (52722) 1998 GK
 * (55757) 1991 XN
 * (58050) 2002 YA
 * (58070) 1034 T-2
 * (65757) 1994 FV
 * 65784 Naderayama
 * (65999) 1998 ND
 * 66458 Romaplanetario
 * (69239) 1978 XT
 * 69260 Tonyjudt
 * (69307) 1992 ON
 * 69311 Russ
 * (69350) 1993 YP
 * 73534 Liviasavioli
 * (73575) 4789 P-L
 * (73865) 1997 AW
 * 77971 Donnolo
 * (79219) 1994 LN
 * (85118) 1971 UU
 * 85119 Hannieschaft
 * 85158 Phyllistrapp
 * 85185 Lederman
 * (85235) 1993 JA
 * (85274) 1994 GH
 * (85383) 1996 MS
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (47035) 1998 WS
 * (48450) 1991 NA
 * (48621) 1995 OC
 * (49664) 1999 MV
 * (51773) 2001 MV
 * (52310) 1991 VJ
 * 52384 Elenapanko
 * (52439) 1994 QL
 * (52453) 1994 WC
 * (52722) 1998 GK
 * (55757) 1991 XN
 * (58050) 2002 YA
 * (58070) 1034 T-2
 * (65757) 1994 FV
 * 65784 Naderayama
 * (65999) 1998 ND
 * 66458 Romaplanetario
 * (69239) 1978 XT
 * 69260 Tonyjudt
 * (69307) 1992 ON
 * 69311 Russ
 * (69350) 1993 YP
 * 73534 Liviasavioli
 * (73575) 4789 P-L
 * (73865) 1997 AW
 * 77971 Donnolo
 * (79219) 1994 LN
 * (85118) 1971 UU
 * 85119 Hannieschaft
 * 85158 Phyllistrapp
 * 85185 Lederman
 * (85235) 1993 JA
 * (85274) 1994 GH
 * (85383) 1996 MS
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (55757) 1991 XN
 * (58050) 2002 YA
 * (58070) 1034 T-2
 * (65757) 1994 FV
 * 65784 Naderayama
 * (65999) 1998 ND
 * 66458 Romaplanetario
 * (69239) 1978 XT
 * 69260 Tonyjudt
 * (69307) 1992 ON
 * 69311 Russ
 * (69350) 1993 YP
 * 73534 Liviasavioli
 * (73575) 4789 P-L
 * (73865) 1997 AW
 * 77971 Donnolo
 * (79219) 1994 LN
 * (85118) 1971 UU
 * 85119 Hannieschaft
 * 85158 Phyllistrapp
 * 85185 Lederman
 * (85235) 1993 JA
 * (85274) 1994 GH
 * (85383) 1996 MS
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (65757) 1994 FV
 * 65784 Naderayama
 * (65999) 1998 ND
 * 66458 Romaplanetario
 * (69239) 1978 XT
 * 69260 Tonyjudt
 * (69307) 1992 ON
 * 69311 Russ
 * (69350) 1993 YP
 * 73534 Liviasavioli
 * (73575) 4789 P-L
 * (73865) 1997 AW
 * 77971 Donnolo
 * (79219) 1994 LN
 * (85118) 1971 UU
 * 85119 Hannieschaft
 * 85158 Phyllistrapp
 * 85185 Lederman
 * (85235) 1993 JA
 * (85274) 1994 GH
 * (85383) 1996 MS
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (65999) 1998 ND
 * 66458 Romaplanetario
 * (69239) 1978 XT
 * 69260 Tonyjudt
 * (69307) 1992 ON
 * 69311 Russ
 * (69350) 1993 YP
 * 73534 Liviasavioli
 * (73575) 4789 P-L
 * (73865) 1997 AW
 * 77971 Donnolo
 * (79219) 1994 LN
 * (85118) 1971 UU
 * 85119 Hannieschaft
 * 85158 Phyllistrapp
 * 85185 Lederman
 * (85235) 1993 JA
 * (85274) 1994 GH
 * (85383) 1996 MS
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (69307) 1992 ON
 * 69311 Russ
 * (69350) 1993 YP
 * 73534 Liviasavioli
 * (73575) 4789 P-L
 * (73865) 1997 AW
 * 77971 Donnolo
 * (79219) 1994 LN
 * (85118) 1971 UU
 * 85119 Hannieschaft
 * 85158 Phyllistrapp
 * 85185 Lederman
 * (85235) 1993 JA
 * (85274) 1994 GH
 * (85383) 1996 MS
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * 77971 Donnolo
 * (79219) 1994 LN
 * (85118) 1971 UU
 * 85119 Hannieschaft
 * 85158 Phyllistrapp
 * 85185 Lederman
 * (85235) 1993 JA
 * (85274) 1994 GH
 * (85383) 1996 MS
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * 77971 Donnolo
 * (79219) 1994 LN
 * (85118) 1971 UU
 * 85119 Hannieschaft
 * 85158 Phyllistrapp
 * 85185 Lederman
 * (85235) 1993 JA
 * (85274) 1994 GH
 * (85383) 1996 MS
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (85118) 1971 UU
 * 85119 Hannieschaft
 * 85158 Phyllistrapp
 * 85185 Lederman
 * (85235) 1993 JA
 * (85274) 1994 GH
 * (85383) 1996 MS
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (85118) 1971 UU
 * 85119 Hannieschaft
 * 85158 Phyllistrapp
 * 85185 Lederman
 * (85235) 1993 JA
 * (85274) 1994 GH
 * (85383) 1996 MS
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * 85158 Phyllistrapp
 * 85185 Lederman
 * (85235) 1993 JA
 * (85274) 1994 GH
 * (85383) 1996 MS
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (86373) 1999 YK
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (89454) 2001 XG
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (90916) 1997 LR
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (93040) 2000 SG
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (95711) 2003 AK
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (96080) 7649 P-L
 * (96080) 7649 P-L

Mars-crossers

 * 433 Eros
 * 719 Albert
 * 887 Alinda
 * 1036 Ganymed
 * 1221 Amor
 * 1580 Betulia
 * 1627 Ivar
 * 1915 Quetzálcoatl
 * 1916 Boreas
 * 1917 Cuyo
 * 1943 Anteros
 * 1980 Tezcatlipoca
 * 2059 Baboquivari
 * 2061 Anza
 * 2202 Pele
 * 2335 James
 * 2368 Beltrovata
 * 2608 Seneca
 * 2629 Rudra
 * 3102 Krok
 * 3122 Florence
 * 3199 Nefertiti
 * 3271 Ul
 * 3288 Seleucus
 * 3352 McAuliffe
 * 3551 Verenia
 * 3552 Don Quixote
 * 3553 Mera
 * 3691 Bede
 * (3757) Anagolay
 * 3833 Calingasta
 * 3908 Nyx
 * (3988) Huma
 * 4055 Magellan
 * 4401 Aditi
 * 4487 Pocahontas
 * 4503 Cleobulus
 * 4587 Rees
 * (4596) 1981 QB
 * (4688) 1980 WF
 * 4775 Hansen
 * 4954 Eric
 * 4957 Brucemurray
 * 5324 Lyapunov
 * 5332 Davidaguilar
 * 5370 Taranis
 * (5407) 1992 AX
 * (5587) 1990 SB
 * 5620 Jasonwheeler
 * (5626) 1991 FE
 * (5646) 1990 TR
 * 5653 Camarillo
 * (5732) 1988 WC
 * 5751 Zao
 * 5797 Bivoj
 * (5836) 1993 MF
 * 5863 Tara
 * (5867) 1988 RE
 * 5869 Tanith
 * 5879 Almeria
 * 6050 Miwablock
 * 6130 Hutton
 * (6178) 1986 DA
 * 6318 Cronkite
 * (6322) 1991 CQ
 * 6456 Golombek
 * (6491) 1991 OA
 * 6564 Asher
 * 6569 Ondaatje
 * 7088 Ishtar
 * 7096 Napier
 * (7236) 1987 PA
 * 7336 Saunders
 * 7358 Oze
 * (7474) 1992 TC
 * 7480 Norwan
 * 7604 Kridsadaporn
 * (7839) 1994 ND
 * 8013 Gordonmoore
 * 8034 Akka
 * 8709 Kadlu
 * 9172 Abhramu
 * 9950 ESA
 * 9969 Braille
 * (10150) 1994 PN
 * 10295 Hippolyta
 * 10416 Kottler
 * (10860) 1995 LE
 * (11054) 1991 FA
 * 11284 Belenus
 * 12008 Kandrup
 * 13553 Masaakikoyama
 * (14402) 1991 DB
 * 15745 Yuliya
 * 16064 Davidharvey
 * (16636) 1993 QP
 * (16657) 1993 UB
 * 16695 Terryhandley
 * 16912 Rhiannon
 * 18106 Blume
 * (18736) 1998 NU
 * (20086) 1994 LW
 * 20460 Robwhiteley
 * 21088 Chelyabinsk
 * (23621) 1996 PA
 * (26817) 1987 QB
 * (30854) 1991 VB
 * (31345) 1998 PG
 * (32906) 1994 RH
 * (37336) 2001 RM
 * 39557 Gielgud
 * (39565) 1992 SL
 * (39796) 1997 TD
 * (40329) 1999 ML
 * (54401) 2000 LM
 * (54690) 2001 EB
 * (65674) 1988 SM
 * (65706) 1992 NA
 * (85182) 1991 AQ
 * (85275) 1994 LY
 * 85585 Mjolnir
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (23621) 1996 PA
 * (26817) 1987 QB
 * (30854) 1991 VB
 * (31345) 1998 PG
 * (32906) 1994 RH
 * (37336) 2001 RM
 * 39557 Gielgud
 * (39565) 1992 SL
 * (39796) 1997 TD
 * (40329) 1999 ML
 * (54401) 2000 LM
 * (54690) 2001 EB
 * (65674) 1988 SM
 * (65706) 1992 NA
 * (85182) 1991 AQ
 * (85275) 1994 LY
 * 85585 Mjolnir
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (32906) 1994 RH
 * (37336) 2001 RM
 * 39557 Gielgud
 * (39565) 1992 SL
 * (39796) 1997 TD
 * (40329) 1999 ML
 * (54401) 2000 LM
 * (54690) 2001 EB
 * (65674) 1988 SM
 * (65706) 1992 NA
 * (85182) 1991 AQ
 * (85275) 1994 LY
 * 85585 Mjolnir
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (39796) 1997 TD
 * (40329) 1999 ML
 * (54401) 2000 LM
 * (54690) 2001 EB
 * (65674) 1988 SM
 * (65706) 1992 NA
 * (85182) 1991 AQ
 * (85275) 1994 LY
 * 85585 Mjolnir
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (54401) 2000 LM
 * (54690) 2001 EB
 * (65674) 1988 SM
 * (65706) 1992 NA
 * (85182) 1991 AQ
 * (85275) 1994 LY
 * 85585 Mjolnir
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (65706) 1992 NA
 * (85182) 1991 AQ
 * (85275) 1994 LY
 * 85585 Mjolnir
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (85182) 1991 AQ
 * (85275) 1994 LY
 * 85585 Mjolnir
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (85275) 1994 LY
 * 85585 Mjolnir
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE
 * (89830) 2002 CE

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of Mars-crossing minor planets


text:
Talk:Sam Johnson

Untitled
Kind of childish to call a politician best known for calling someone else Hanoi John, isn't it? On the other hand, it seems like he has not done much else worth mentioning.? Get-back-world-respect 17:19, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Somebody's been sanitizing this page too?
It appears that somebody from Congress has been sterilizing this page too. The IP address is identical to the one recently used to sanitize Meehan's entry.

Sukiari 18:35, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

Samuel Johnson Page Move Request
Samuel Johnson → Dr. Samuel Johnson' —(Discuss'') Since the Feb 2006 page move, 6 new entries have been added to the Samuel Johnson (disambiguation) page including Sam Houston Johnson, a Presidential sibling, Samuel Ealy Johnson, Jr., a Presidential father, Samuel Ealy Johnson, Sr., a Presidential grandfather, Samuel Johnson (footballer born 1973), an active footballer, and Samuel Curtis Johnson, Sr. the patriarch of the richest family in Wisconsin. The primacy of Dr. Samuel Johnson versus the remaining field of Samuel Johnsons should be reconsidered. This move would enable replacement of the dab page at Samuel Johnson TonyTheTiger 06:37, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

LBJ relationship?
Does anyone know if Sam Johnson is related to the Texas political family of Lyndon Johnson, whose brother, father and paternal grandfather were all named Sam or Samuel Johnson. TonyTheTiger 21:07, 5 December 2006 (UTC) If he was I think He would bring it up in his campain
 * Call his office and ask. 202-225-4201.--Daysleeper47 21:12, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Headline text
So basically, at one point it says he was born 1947, above where it states his wife, and that meant he was flying fighter planes in Korea when he was six.

 * He was born in 1930, not 1947. Wooyi 05:33, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

 * There was an error caught by this person's edit. I corrected it. Good catch! Keep up the work and in time you will learn how to make edit corrections yourself! Ronbo76 05:35, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Controversies
I currently see several problems with the Controversies section. The first section appears to have only one source, counterpunch, and that does not qualify as a WP:RS. It can stay in if a notable source can be found, but if it is going to go into the article and be labeled as a “controversy” it should be illustrated with this is, in fact, a controversy. What notable people have criticized him for this and is/was this widely enough discussed that the inclusion of this material is not a violation of undue weight? I have seen this discussed on a few weblogs, and one article in the WAPO, but it does not appear that this really made any waves.

The second section I removed entirely because it has no sources, and as such is a violation of WP:BLP. It can be re-added at a later date if appropriate citations are included. Torturous Devastating Cudgel 19:32, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

the link for the "map" for the 3rd district is broken
Next to it saying he represents the 3rd district in Texas, there is a direct link to a map. The link doesn't work. This should be fixed (either replaced with a working link or just removed entirely). Not sure if this map is used in more congressional pages, but that's not as important, I guess. Nandor1 (talk) 06:35, 21 March 2011 (UTC)

Ways & Means?
The article says that Johnson heads the Ways & Means Committee, but it also says that Kevin Brady succeeded him to that post. If the latter is accurate, perhaps the former should be edited? HMishkoff (talk) 19:19, 17 November 2015 (UTC)

They "were" the parents?
I just added a mention of Shirley's death to the article (RIP), and I edited a sentence to read, "They were the parents of three children and ten grandchildren." I'm not entirely comfortable with "they were," as Sam is still very much alive, but that was the best grammar I could come up with. Someone else may wish to take a crack at it. HMishkoff (talk) 22:20, 5 December 2015 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 05:19, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Sam Johnson


text:
Talk:Treaty of Devol

Short
Changed 1054 (??) to 1097, the correct year. 13 Nov 2005
 * Thanks...that was some leftover vandalism from June 22-23, when it was on the main page. Adam Bishop 19:07, 13 November 2005 (UTC)

Fixed it, but no idea what was going on 24 June 2005

Have just checked the source text and the date in the first line (when the crusade started) is listed as 1054 1054 but comes out on my browser as 1654 - is there a fault? 24 June 2005

Is there a mismatch in the dates i.e. 1100's for the treaty then taliking about 1600's in the next paragraph, possibly a typo? 24 June 2005

Isn't this a bit too short to be a comprehensive FAC? --Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus Talk 20:49, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * How do you suggest it be made more comprehensive? Adam Bishop 22:17, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * An FAC doesn't have to be lengthy. This article seems to be very comprhenisve for something done in the 1100's. Falphin 18:40, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

219.130.58.19 has blanked this page numerous times today (Thu 23 June (EST))

Whoever has access to the encyclopedia/map from where the image was scanned, please scan it in in a much larger resolution and don't compress it so much (on this image the JPEG effects can be seen...)

Picture
Is there some picture for beginning of article?--Vojvodae please be free to write :) 10:49, 19 September 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Treaty of Devol


text:
Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus

Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus is the thirteenth studio album by the Australian alternative rock band Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, released on 20 September 2004 on Mute Records. It is a double album of seventeen songs.

History
The album was produced by Nick Launay at Studio Ferber in Paris in March–April 2004 and Nick Cave used The Bad Seeds line up of Mick Harvey, Thomas Wydler, Martyn Casey, Conway Savage, Jim Sclavunos, Warren Ellis, and James Johnston. It was the first album by the group for which Blixa Bargeld did not perform – English guitarist and organist Johnston, of the group Gallon Drunk, replaced Bargeld. Cave decided to split drumming duties for the two parts, with Sclavunos on Abattoir Blues and Wydler on The Lyre of Orpheus. According to Launay, the whole album was completed in twelve days.

The album's release was supported by the Abattoir Blues Tour, which travelled through Europe from 2 November to 5 December. In January 2007 a double live album and DVD was issued as The Abattoir Blues Tour. Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus's last track, "O Children", was featured in the 2010 film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, and the song is referenced as an achievement in Lego Harry Potter: Years 5–7. In March 2005, to complement the success of the double album, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds released B-Sides & Rarities, a three-disc, 56-track collection of B-sides, rarities, and tracks that had appeared on film soundtracks.

Critical reception
Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus holds a score of 88 out of 100 from Metacritic, indicating "universal acclaim". Susan Carpenter of the Los Angeles Times described the album as "a bounty of gothic rock" and noted that "the more driving, menacing numbers have been separated from the slow and scurrilous in a double album that is not two-halves of a whole so much as two distinct records released simultaneously and in one package." Thom Jurek of AllMusic described Abattoir Blues as "a rock & roll record... a pathos-drenched, volume-cranked rocker, full of crunch, punishment – and taste" and The Lyre of Orpheus as "a much quieter, more elegant affair... more consciously restrained, its attention to craft and theatrical flair more prevalent.". Greg Simpson of Punknews.org said that Abattoir Blues "is very bluesy indeed, a rock and roll album with many angry songs and booming bass lines," while The Lyre of Orpheus "insists on being a separate album, due to its completely different more gentle feel." Dan Lawrence of Stereogum ranked the album at fifth in their list of best albums in Cave's discography, and described it musically as "riotous gospel rock".

In a rave review, Tiny Mix Tapes critic Grigsby wrote that while Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus "may not be the best beginner's guide" to the band, for "anyone who is a fan of the duration of his career, this album rewards the listener with a bit of the best of everything he has to offer." Paste said: "Aside from the power of the music and lyrics, the set draws on Cave’s compelling persona: part priest, part sideshow barker--crooning one moment and eviscerating the next. While this has always been the core of his talent, on Abattoir/Lyre it is particularly rich and rewarding." In a more mixed assessment, Douglas Wolk, writing in Spin, was complimentary of Abattoir Blues but felt that The Lyre of Orpheus was "effectively Abattoir spillover: more mellow, less grand in conception, but—somehow—more pretentious in execution." In his Consumer Guide for The Village Voice, Robert Christgau designated three songs from the album ("The Lyre of Orpheus", "There She Goes, My Beautiful World", and "Hiding All Away") as "choice cuts", indicating good songs "on an album that isn't worth your time or money".

Pitchfork named Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus the 180th best album of the 2000s. It was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Charts
Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus reached No. 5 on the ARIA Albums Chart, its chart success in Europe includes No. 1 in Norway, No. 2 in Austria and Denmark, and top 10 in Belgium, Finland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, and Sweden. The album reached No. 1 on the Foreign Albums Chart in Greece where it also received a gold certification.

Personnel
All personnel credits adapted from Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus's liner notes.

 * Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds
 * Nick Cave – vocals, piano, production, mixing
 * Mick Harvey – guitar, production, mixing
 * Warren Ellis – violin, mandolin, bouzouki, flute, production, mixing
 * Martyn P. Casey – bass, production
 * Conway Savage – piano, production
 * James Johnston – organ, production
 * Jim Sclavunos – drums on Abattoir Blues, percussion, production
 * Thomas Wydler – drums on The Lyre of Orpheus, percussion, production

 * Guest musicians
 * Åse Bergstrøm – backing vocals
 * Donovan Lawrence – backing vocals
 * Geo Onayomake – backing vocals

 * Guest musicians (continued)
 * Lena Palmer – backing vocals
 * Stephanie Meade – backing vocals
 * Wendy Rose – backing vocals

 * Technical personnel
 * Nick Launay – producer, engineer, mixing
 * Lars Fox – digital audio editor
 * Ian Cooper – mastering

 * Design personnel
 * Tom Hingston – design, artwork
 * David Hughes – photography
 * Delphine Ciampi – photography

title: Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus


text:
Jules-Élie Delaunay

Jules-Élie Delaunay (June 13, 1828 – September 5, 1891) was a French academic painter.

Biography
He was born at Nantes in the Loire-Atlantique département of France. Delaunay studied under Flandrin, and at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris under Lamothe. He worked in the classicist manner of Ingres until, after winning the Prix de Rome, he went to Italy; in 1856, and abandoned the ideal of Raphaelesque perfection for the sincerity and severity of the quattrocentists.

After his return from Rome he was entrusted with many important commissions for decorative paintings, such as the frescoes in the church of St Nicholas at Nantes; the three panels of Apollo, Orpheus and Amphion at the Paris Opera house; and twelve paintings for the great hall of the council of state in the Palais Royal.

His Scenes from the Life of St Genevieve, which he designed for the Panthéon, remained unfinished at his death. The Musée d'Orsay has his famous Plague in Rome (shown at the Salon of 1869) and a nude figure of Diana; and the Nantes Museum, the Lesson on the Flute.

In the last decade of his life he achieved great popularity as a portrait painter. Among his subjects were his “Mother” and “Mademoiselle Toulmouche.”

He was awarded a first-class medal at the Paris Exposition of 1878, and the medal of honor in 1889. In 1878 he became an officer of the Legion of Honor, and the following year was made a member of the Institute. Jules-Élie Delaunay died in Paris in 1891.

title: Jules-Élie Delaunay


text:
John Kinsella (poet)

John Kinsella (born 1963) is an Australian poet, novelist, critic, essayist and editor. His writing is strongly influenced by landscape, and he espouses an "international regionalism" in his approach to place. He has also frequently worked in collaboration with other writers, artists and musicians.

Early life and work
Kinsella was born in Perth, Western Australia. His mother was a poet and he began writing poetry as a child. He cites Judith Wright among his early influences. Before becoming a full-time writer, teacher and editor he worked in a variety of places, including laboratories, a fertiliser factory and on farms.

Later poetry and writing
Kinsella has published at least fifty books and his many awards include three Western Australian Premier's Book Awards, the Grace Leven Prize for Poetry, the John Bray Award for Poetry, the 2008 Christopher Brennan Award, the Victorian Premier's Literary Award for Poetry, the Judith Wright Calanthe Award for poetry (twice) and the Australian Prime Minister's Literary Award for Poetry.

His poems have appeared in journals such as Stand, The Times Literary Supplement, The Kenyon Review, Poetry Salzburg Review, The New Yorker, the London Review of Books and Antipodes. His poetry collections include: Poems 1980-1994, The Silo, The Undertow: New & Selected Poems, Visitants (1999), Wheatlands (with Dorothy Hewett, 2000) and The Hierarchy of Sheep (2001). His book, Peripheral Light: New and Selected Poems, includes an introduction by Harold Bloom and his poetry collection, The New Arcadia, was published in June 2005. Drowning in Wheat: Selected Poems appeared in 2016, and Insomnia in 2019. After these came the first two volumes of his collected poems: The Ascension of Sheep (2021) and Harsh Hakea (2022).

Kinsella is a vegan and has written about the ethics of vegetarianism. He has published various books of autobiographical writing including Auto (2001) and Displaced: A Rural Life (2020). He has also written plays, short stories and the novels Genre and Post-colonial.

Kinsella taught at Cambridge University, where he is a Fellow of Churchill College. Previously, he was Professor of English at Kenyon College, United States, where he was the Richard L Thomas Professor of Creative Writing in 2001. He is Emeritus Professor of Literature and Environment at Curtin University and Visiting DAAD Professor in English at University of Tübingen, Germany.

Kinsella's manuscripts are housed in the University of Western Australia, the National Library of Australia, the University of New South Wales, Kenyon College and the University of Leeds. The main collection is in Special Collections in the University of Western Australia Library.

Kinsella's 2010 book, Activist Poetics: Anarchy in the Avon Valley, was published by Liverpool University Press and was edited by Niall Lucy.

Work as an editor and critic
Kinsella is a founding editor of the literary journal Salt, and was international editor of The Kenyon Review. He co-edited a special issue on Australian poetry for the American journal Poetry and various other issues of international journals. He was a poetry critic for The Observer and is an editorial consultant for Westerly.

He is editor of the Penguin Anthology of Australian Poetry (2008), and co-editor with Tracy Ryan of the Fremantle Press Anthology of Western Australian Poetry (2017).

His critical works include the poetics of place trilogy, Disclosed Poetics: beyond landscape and lyricism (2007), Polysituatedness (2017) and Beyond Ambiguity (2021). In these he posits his theory of "international regionalism" and "polysituatedness". The recent critical work Legibility: an anti-fascist poetics extends Kinsella's thinking around the intersections of pacifism, protest, human rights, animal rights, environmentalism, anarchism, veganism and the role of poetry in resisting fascism.

Poetry
Collections •

•

• Ultramarine: Poems (1991)

• Eschatologies (1991)

• Poems (1991)

• Full Fathom Five (1993)

• Syzygy (1993)

• The Silo: A Pastoral Symphony: Poems (1995)

• Erratum / Frame(d) (1995)

• Intensities of Blue: Poems (1995)

• The Radnoti Poems (1996)

• Lightning Tree (1996)

• The Undertow: New and Selected Poems (1996)

• Poems, 1980–1994 (1997)

• Lines of Sight (1997)

• The Hunt and Other Poems (1998)

• Pine: Poems (1998)

• Counter-Pastoral (1999)

• Visitants (1999)

• Fenland Pastorals (1999)

• Zone (2000)

• Wheatlands (2000)

• Rivers (2002)

• Peripheral Light: New and Selected Poems (2003)

• Doppler Effect (2004)

• The New Arcadia (2005)

• Love Sonnets (2006)

• America, or Glow: (A Poem) (2006)

• Divine Comedy: Journeys Through Regional Geography (2008)

• Shades of the Sublime and Beautiful (2008)

• Jam Tree Gully (2011)

• Sack (2014)

• Drowning in Wheat: Selected Poems (2016)
 * Insomnia (2019)
 * The Ascension of Sheep (Collected Poems, vol. 1) (2021)
 * Harsh Hakea (Collected Poems, vol. 2) (2022)

List of poems

Novels

 * Post-colonial (2009)
 * Lucida Intervalla (2018)
 * Hollow Earth (2019)
 * Hotel Impossible (2020)
 * Cellnight: a verse novel (2023)
 * Cellnight: a verse novel (2023)

Short fiction

 * Collections
 * Conspiracies (2003)
 * In the Shade of the Shady Tree (Ohio University Press, 2012)
 * Tide (Transit Lounge, 2013)
 * Crow's Breath and Other Stories (Transit Lounge, 2015)
 * Old Growth (Transit Lounge, 2017)
 * Pushing Back (2021)
 * Pushing Back (2021)

Non-fiction

 * Autobiography / memoir

 * Essays and reporting

 * Miscellaneous

Interviews

 * "The Poetry Kit Interviews John Kinsella", 1998
 * Overland literary journal, interviewed by Tracy Ryan, 24 November 2008

title: John Kinsella (poet)


text:
List of ecoregions in India

Ecoregions of the world, spanning all land area (terrestrial) of the planet, were first defined and mapped in 2001 and subsequently revised in 2017. Later, freshwater ecoregions and marine ecoregions of the world were identified. Within India, there are 46 terrestrial ecoregions, 14 freshwater ecoregions, and 6 marine ecoregions.

Terrestrial ecoregions
The terrestrial ecoregions of the world include 45 ecoregions that fall entirely or partly within the boundaries of India. These ecoregions fall within two biogeographic realms: Indomalayan and Palearctic. They also fall under ten biomes: Deserts and Xeric Shrublands,  Flooded Grasslands and Savannas, Mangroves, Montane Grasslands and Shrublands, Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests, Temperate Conifer Forests, Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous Forests, Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests, Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands, and Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests. The ecoregion Rock and Ice is not included under any specific biome or biogeographic realm.

Freshwater ecoregions
Freshwater ecoregions of the world have been defined as "a large area encompassing one or more freshwater systems with a distinct assemblage of natural freshwater communities and species. The freshwater species, dynamics, and environmental conditions within a given ecoregion are more similar to each other than to those of surrounding ecoregions, and together form a conservation unit." The following 14 freshwater ecoregions occur within India.
 * Upper Indus
 * Indus Himalayan Foothills
 * Lower and Middle Indus
 * Ganges Himalayan Foothills
 * Middle Brahmaputra
 * Chin Hills–Arakan Coast
 * Ganges Delta and Plain
 * Narmada–Tapti
 * Northern Deccan Plateau
 * Southern Deccan Plateau
 * Southeastern Ghats
 * Western Ghats
 * Andaman Islands
 * Nicobar Islands

Marine ecoregions
Marine ecoregions of the world have been described across the worlds oceans and seas. India's seas are in the Western Indo-Pacific marine realm. This includes the following four provinces and six marine ecoregions.
 * West and South Indian Shelf province
 * Western India
 * South India and Sri Lanka
 * Central Indian Ocean Islands province
 * Maldives
 * Bay of Bengal province
 * Eastern India
 * Northern Bay of Bengal
 * Andaman province
 * Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Global 200 ecoregions in India
The following are the ecoregions in India that are included in the Global 200 ecoregions:

Terrestrial

 * Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests (India)
 * Eastern Deccan Plateau moist forests (old name) or East Deccan moist deciduous forests (current name) (India)
 * Eastern Himalayan alpine meadows (Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal)
 * Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests (Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal)
 * Himalayan subtropical pine forests (Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan)
 * Naga-Manipuri-Chin hills moist forests (India)
 * Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests (India, Myanmar)
 * Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh (India, Pakistan)
 * South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests (India)
 * Sundarbans mangroves (Bangladesh, India)
 * Terai-Duar savannas and grasslands (Bhutan, India, Nepal)
 * Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows (Afghanistan, China, India, Pakistan, Tajikistan)
 * Western Himalayan broadleaf forests (Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan)

title: List of ecoregions in India


text:
User talk:Oferw~enwiki

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title: User talk:Oferw~enwiki


text:
Grantville

Grantville may refer to:

Places

 * Grantville, Victoria, Australia
 * Grantville, Nova Scotia, Canada
 * Grantville, Alberta, Canada
 * Grantville, San Diego, California, U.S.
 * Grantville station
 * Grantville, California, former name of Lower Lake, California, U.S.
 * Grantville, Georgia, U.S.
 * Grantville, Greene County, Georgia, U.S.
 * Grantville, Kansas, U.S.
 * Grantville, Pennsylvania, U.S.

Fictional entities

 * Grantville (1632 series), a fictional city in Eric Flint's 1632 series
 * Baron Grantville, a character in the Honorverse of David Weber

title: Grantville


text:
Hippolyte Flandrin

Jean-Hippolyte Flandrin (23 March 1809 – 21 March 1864) was a French Neoclassical painter. His most celebrated work, Jeune Homme Nu Assis au Bord de la Mer, from 1836, is held in the Louvre.

Early life
From an early age, Flandrin showed interest in the arts and a career as a painter. However, his parents pressured him to become a businessman, and having very little training, he was forced to instead become a miniature painter.

Hippolyte was the second of three sons, all of whom were painters in some aspect. Auguste, his older brother, spent most of his life as a professor at Lyon and later died there. Paul, his younger brother, was a painter of portraits and religious imagery. He married Aimée-Caroline Ancelot (1822-1882) in 1843, to whom was born Paul Hippolyte Flandrin (1856-1921), who become painter of sacred art, portraitist and decorator.

Hippolyte and Paul spent some time at Lyon, saving to leave for Paris in 1829 and study under Louis Hersent. Eventually, they settled in the studio of Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, who became not only their instructor but their friend for life. At first, Hippolyte struggled as a poor artist. However, in 1832, he won the Prix de Rome for his painting Recognition of Theseus by his Father. This prestigious art scholarship meant that he was no longer limited by his poverty.

Career
The Prix de Rome allowed him to study for five years in Rome. While there, he created several paintings, increasing his celebrity both in France and Italy. His painting St. Clair Healing the Blind was created for the Nantes Cathedral, and years later, it also brought him a medal of the first class at the exhibition of 1855 ; this painting was destroyed in the fire which took place at Nantes Cathedral on 18 July 2020. Jesus and the Little Children was given by the government to the town of Lisieux. Dante and Virgil visiting the Envious Men struck with Blindness and Euripides writing his Tragedies are now in the Museum of Fine Arts in Lyon.

In 1853, Flandrin was elected to the Académie des Beaux-Arts. On April 4, 1856, he assisted in the founding of the Œuvre des Écoles d'Orient, better known as L'Œuvre d'Orient; he was a member of its first general council at April 25, 1856. Upon his return to Paris in 1856, Flandrin received a commission from the chapel of St John in the church of St Séverin. As a result, his reputation became even more impressive, virtually guaranteeing him continuous employment for the rest of his life.

In addition to these works, Flandrin also painted a great number of portraits, including Portrait of Napoleon III, who was not very well received by the sitter. However, he is much more known today for his monumental decorative paintings. The most notable of these are found in the following locations:

 * in the sanctuary, choir, and nave of St Germain des Prés at Paris (1842–1861)
 * in the church of St Paul at Nîmes (1848–1849)
 * of St Vincent de Paul at Paris (1850–1854)
 * in the church of St-Martin-d'Ainay at Lyon (1855)

Death
In 1863, his failing health, made worse by his hard work and extended exposure to the damp and draughts of churches, induced him to visit Italy again, where he died of smallpox in Rome on 21 March 1864.

Main works

 * Portrait of Madame Oudiné, 1840 (Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon)
 * Study (Young Male Nude Seated Beside the Sea), 1836 (Louvre Museum)
 * Dante in Hell, 1835 (Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon)

title: Hippolyte Flandrin


text:
Afrikan Krishtofovich

Afrikan Nikolayevich Krishtofovich (Африкан Николаевич Криштофович; November 8, 1885 – November 8, 1953) was a Soviet geologist, paleobotanist and botanist. His name is abbreviated as "Krysht." when attributing him as the author of botanical names.

He was a fossil hunter specializing in Mesozoic flora. In 1932 he published his book Geological review of the countries of the Far East.

A crater on Mars was named in his honor. Located at -48.5°N, -262.8°W, with a diameter of 112.0 Kilometers. The craters name was approved in 1982 by what is now known as VSEGEI.

title: Afrikan Krishtofovich


text:
Tropico 2: Pirate Cove

Tropico 2: Pirate Cove is a city-building game developed by Frog City Software and published by Gathering of Developers in April 2003. It is the sequel to Tropico.

Tropico 2 was a commercial success, with sales above 300,000 copies. The review aggregator Metacritic designated the game's critical reception as "generally favorable". Following the acquisition of the Tropico license by Kalypso Media in 2008, that company published four sequels to Tropico 2: Tropico 3, Tropico 4, Tropico 5 and Tropico 6. The first three sequels were developed by Haemimont Games, while Limbic Entertainment developed Tropico 6.

Gameplay
Tropico 2 is a city-building game. Though much of it is based on the original Tropico, the gameplay is very different. The player runs a pirate island and, as the Pirate King, must keep the pirates happy while stealing as much booty as possible. Workers, called captives, are taken on raids, from shipwrecks off the player's island, or from nations with which an alliance has been established. The captives are responsible for production and construction on the island. They can take on most of the jobs available, including farmer, lumberjack, and blacksmith, and can even be promoted to a pirate. Skilled captives may perform more specialized jobs which unskilled captives cannot. Still, the main goal of the game, other than the objectives stated in a scenario, is to stay in power, much like the original Tropico.

To keep captives happy, certain needs will need to be fulfilled, such as food, rest, religion, fear, and order. Pirates, however, prefer anarchy and defense, along with grub, grog, wenches, and betting from various entertainment buildings as well as resting and stashing at personal homes. Anarchy measures the level of disorder in an area and mostly comes from entertainment buildings. Captives are prevented from escaping through the fear mechanic, which is maintained by special structures. Escaped workers may report to other monarchs and cause uprisings. Pirate ships may be built at boatyards or shipyards, and are used to plunder other islands or board enemy ships to steal gold with which the player can build a greater pirate base and occasionally wealthy captives, who do not work but have a ransom that increases as they use entertainment buildings. There are also several challenging scenarios in which the goal is to survive in harsh environments, from angry pirates to escaping captives.

The game offers fewer choices for development compared to its predecessor. In Tropico, the economy could be focused on industry, tourism, military despotism, commodities, or a combination of all four. In Pirate Cove, the player is more limited in scope and path, and will end up building many of the same buildings every time with few additions, which means Pirate Cove does not have the emphasis on spreadsheets and statistics that its predecessor did.

Tropico 2 is the first game to have a campaign in the series, in which each scenario has a goal to be accomplished within the time limit. Goals can range from constructing certain structures, having enough money in the treasury or personal stash, ensuring overall pirate happiness is above a certain point, achieving harmonious relations with a faction, and having a certain number of ships on the island. The campaign follows a pirate king whose traits change as the campaign goes on.

Origins
After PopTop Software completed the original Tropico, its president Phil Steinmeyer was uninterested in developing further games in the series. However, the game's publisher, Take-Two Interactive, requested an expansion pack to capitalize on Tropico's success. Steinmeyer explained that he "really wanted to work with" Frog City Software on the project and approached the studio in 2001, but it was unavailable due to scheduling conflicts. During their talks, the possibility of Frog City's developing Tropico 2 arose instead, and PopTop requested a design pitch from the company in September.

According to Steinmeyer, the teams agreed that "there just wasn't enough material" to develop a second "Castro-style game", and so Frog City began to consider alternative settings. Eventually, the company's Mark Falange suggested a piracy theme, of which Frog City, Steinmeyer and Take-Two Interactive all approved. Frog City's president, Rachel Bernstein, considered the game's approach "a fresh angle" on piracy in games, compared to earlier projects like Sid Meier's Pirates! Tropico 2 entered development shortly thereafter.

Production
Although Frog City developed Tropico 2, PopTop remained involved as the game's producer. At the time, the former company's Bill Spieth explained that PopTop "looks at Pirate Cove milestones, approves Frog City's work, and gives feedback on game play, interface, or whatever." PopTop also created the game's cutscenes. Frog City chose to reuse PopTop's game engine from Tropico, which had also appeared in the earlier Railroad Tycoon II. However, the engine went through a "major rework, and was essentially broken" for the project's initial six months, Steinmeyer explained at the time. This made it impossible for the team to display Tropico 2 and receive public feedback, an aspect of game development that Steinmeyer considered important.

Frog City's initial goal was to produce a "playable build" by March 2002, in preparation for a May announcement and fall release. This schedule was interrupted in February 2002, when Computer Games Magazine, a publication for which Steinmeyer worked as a columnist, opted to do a cover story on Tropico 2. The game was ultimately announced on March 1, 2002. While the preview received positive feedback and energized the team, Frog City was inspired by fan comments to expand the game, especially with regard to pirate captains. This necessitated a delay past the holidays and a budget increase of "several hundred thousand", according to Steinmeyer. However, he was able to negotiate the new schedule and budget with the game's publisher.

Frog City attempted to capture the visual and humor style of the first Tropico, while changing the gameplay mechanics. It occurred to the team that pirates' pleasure-seeking behavior was similar to the behavior of tourists in Tropico, and so they chose to amplify the game's focus on entertainment compared to its predecessor. Spieth described Tropico 2 as a "reverse economy", since money and workers are stolen and expended on the player's pirates, instead of earned as in Tropico. In an effort to solve the first game's pathfinding issues, Frog City decided to restrict unit movement to roads. Despite these changes, much of the original game's interface was retained. In addition, Tropico's composer, Daniel Indart, was hired again to score Tropico 2.

To create Tropico 2's pirate setting, the team "went almost completely with myth and fiction", according to Spieth. Rafael Sabatini's adventure novels were a main reference point for the game, and Spieth compared the game's setting to the island of Tortuga portrayed in Captain Blood. The story of Tropico 2's protagonist was based on the plot of Captain Blood as well. To design the historical pirate leaders, such as Blackbeard and Laurens de Graaf, the team studied tales of their exploits and crafted the characters' strengths and weaknesses accordingly. For example, they were inspired by de Graaf's hatred of Spain to make him unable to work with that country in Tropico 2. The team strove to keep Tropico 2 lighthearted and comedic despite its piracy theme; for example, the pirate overseer unit was made to use a towel whip at Rachel Bernstein's suggestion.

In designing the sequel, Frog City sought to balance its differences from and similarities to its predecessor, which Spieth called "a tightrope [walk] between 'too different,' and 'not different enough.' " Steinmeyer remarked that this concern persisted until near the game's release: certain spectators called Tropico 2 too much unlike Tropico, while its "sales, marketing, [and] overseas offices" considered it to be too similar to sell. He believed that the latter problem was caused by the game's reuse of terrain visuals from Tropico, which led the team to create new tree models, and to edit the "colors and textures" of Tropico 2's reused water and earth graphics. To appease those who found Tropico 2 too different from its predecessor, Frog City increased the game's emphasis on city-building, which had previously been marginalized in favor of pirate raids.

Tropico 2 reached gold status on April 2, 2003. It was released in North America on April 8. A version for Mac OS X was developed by Westlake Interactive and published by MacSoft, releasing in North America in North America on May 19, 2005, and in Europe on September 19.

Reception and legacy
In the United Kingdom, Tropico 2 sold poorly during the first half of 2003. Kristan Reed of GamesIndustry.biz wrote that it was "struggling to sell upwards of 5k", and speculated that software piracy could be the cause. According to former members of Frog City employed at Sidecar Studios, Tropico 2 sold over 300,000 copies worldwide and was commercially successful. The review aggregation website Metacritic designated Tropico 2's critical reception as "generally favorable".

Kristian Brogger of Game Informer summarized Tropico 2 as addictive and "a blast", and noted its "irrepressible charm". However, he called the game a small step down from Tropico, and found its pirate setting unoriginal and its gameplay repetitive. In Computer Gaming World, Di Luo considered Tropico 2 to be a missed opportunity, and found its new mechanics limited and "tedious" compared to the gameplay of its predecessor. Although he enjoyed its theme and audiovisual style, he found that Tropico 2 contains "nothing to set it apart from the crowd." However, Luo argued that the game never loses its "inexplicable charm", and that it "never really gets bad".

Writing for IGN, Barry Brenesal called Tropico 2 an improvement upon Tropico, thanks to its "more open-ended quality" and new setting. He praised its interface, particularly the logbook, and called the game a refreshing standout in the management simulation genre. While Brenesal considered certain aspects of Tropico 2 to be unintuitive, he highlighted its "strong economic engine, [and] well-balanced gameplay." IGN went on to name Tropico 2 "IGNPC's Game of the Month" for April 2003. Conversely, Jason Cross of Computer Games Magazine called Tropico 2's interface superior to that of Tropico, but he felt that the game featured "too much interface and busy work." He found it dated compared to current strategy games, and concluded, "Tropico 2 doesn't come through with enough swashbuckling, ship-boarding flair."

PC Format's Matt Avery summarized Tropico 2 as "short-lived fun with information overload in place of interaction." Although he remarked that "statisticians will have a field day" with the game's detailed economics, he disliked Tropico 2's lack of direct control over units, and found the overall product "rather limited." Writing for PC Gamer US, Stephen Poole criticized the game's combination of piracy and management gameplay, which he found awkward, unrealistic and unsatisfying. He also argued that the game's musical style is incongruous with its setting. Poole concluded that Tropico 2's theme is "barely a skin-deep covering on a sim that could just as easily have been made about the ACME Widget Factory."

Tropico 2 was the final entry in the series to be published by Take-Two Interactive. No further Tropico games were greenlighted until November 2008, when Kalypso Media bought the Tropico intellectual property from Take-Two and announced Tropico 3, developed by Bulgaria's Haemimont Games. The game was released in 2009. Afterward, Haemimont Games developed Tropico 4 (2011) and Tropico 5 (2014), both published by Kalypso. Tropico 6, developed by Limbic Entertainment and published again by Kalypso Media, was announced in June 2017. It was released for PC on March 29, 2019.

title: Tropico 2: Pirate Cove


text:
Buford Ellington

Earl Buford Ellington (June 27, 1907 – April 3, 1972) was an American politician who served as the 42nd governor of Tennessee from 1959 to 1963, and again from 1967 to 1971. Along with his political ally, Frank G. Clement, he helped lead a political machine that controlled the governor's office for 18 years, from 1953 to 1971.

Ellington was a supporter of President Lyndon B. Johnson; he was appointed in 1965 as the Director of the Office of Emergency Planning during the Johnson Administration.

Early life and career
Ellington was born in Holmes County, Mississippi, the son of Abner and Cora (Grantham) Ellington. He studied religion at Millsaps College in Jackson, Mississippi, but had to drop out due to financial difficulties. He edited a newspaper in Durant, Mississippi, for a brief period.

In 1929, he married Catherine Ann Cheek, and moved to her native Marshall County, Tennessee, in the south central part of the state. There he bought a store in the Verona community. He worked as a salesman for American Harvester in the 1930s, and was a supervising salesman with Tennessee Farm Bureau Insurance in the early 1940s.

Having joined the Democratic Party, in 1944, Ellington worked in the campaign of successful gubernatorial candidate, Jim Nance McCord. Two years later, he was the Marshall County manager for the campaign of US Congressman Joe L. Evins. In 1948, Ellington ran and was elected to Marshall County's seat in the Tennessee House of Representatives.

In 1952, Ellington managed the successful campaign of Frank Clement, who defeated incumbent Gordon Browning in the Democratic primary for governor, and went on to win the general election. Clement's campaign had the support of Memphis political boss E. H. Crump, who was seeking to regain the influence he had lost after Browning defeated his candidate, McCord, four years earlier. Clement appointed Ellington as Commissioner of Agriculture, where he served until the late 1950s under more than one administration.

Governor
In 1953, the Tennessee State Constitution was amended, extending the gubernatorial term from two years to four years. The new amendments prevented governors from serving consecutive terms, but a temporary exception was made for Clement. He was elected to a full four-year term in 1954 after his initial two-year term.

In 1958, with Clement term-limited, Ellington sought the Democratic Party's nomination for governor. His opponents were Memphis mayor Edmund Orgill, Nashville attorney Clifford Allen, and Judge Andrew "Tip" Taylor. Since Crump's death in 1954, the Clement-Ellington alliance had become the state's leading political organization. Ellington won the nomination with 213,415 votes to 204,629 for Taylor, 204,382 for Orgill, and 56,854 for Allen. He won the general election by a sizeable margin over several opponents, among them former Governor McCord, who ran as an independent.

During his first term, Ellington continued many of Clement's policies. Aided by an economic boom, he could approve raises for public school teachers and school administrators without increasing taxes. While he supported continued legal segregation, he ordered the state to comply with the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional; it ordered desegregation of the public school system.

In 1961, several Tennessee State University students who had participated in the Freedom Rides, to highlight illegal segregation on interstates buses, which were covered by federal law, were expelled after Ellington ordered an investigation into their activities. In response, dozens of protesters picketed the state capitol and demanded a meeting with Ellington, but he refused.

At the 1960 Democratic National Convention, a rift had begun to form in the relationship between Clement and Ellington. The former endorsed John F. Kennedy for president, and the latter endorsed Lyndon B. Johnson.

Following his first term as governor, which ended in 1963, Ellington returned to the private sector, working as a vice president of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. Vice President Lyndon Johnson succeeded Kennedy to the presidency after he was assassinated in Dallas in November 1963.

In early 1965, President Johnson appointed Ellington as Director of the Office of Emergency Planning (later integrated into FEMA). During the Selma to Montgomery marches, which took place at the height of the civil rights movement in March of that year, Ellington played a key role in establishing contact and talks between President Johnson and Governor George Wallace of Alabama. The state provided protection for marchers in the last march. In September, Ellington helped organize federal relief efforts in the wake of Hurricane Betsy.

Ellington again sought the Democratic Party nomination for governor in 1966. His opponent, John Jay Hooker, was a friend of former Governor Browning, and had been endorsed by the Nashville Tennessean. Ellington was endorsed by President Johnson, Clement, and the Nashville Banner. He defeated Hooker for the nomination, 413,950 votes to 360,105. The divide between Clement and Ellington continued to grow, as Ellington refused to endorse Clement in his US Senate primary campaign against Ross Bass. Governor Clement attempted to spend the state's budget surplus to ensure the Ellington administration did not inherit it.

Ellington won the general gubernatorial election in 1966. By this time, he had shifted his position on segregation, and openly supported an end to the long-standing practice. In 1967, he appointed African American Hosea T. Lockard to his cabinet as administrative assistant; he was the first black cabinet member in state history. On April 4, 1968, the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis led Ellington to immediately mobilize the National Guard, to prevent rioting in the city.

In September 1967, Ellington signed a bill repealing the Butler Act, the 1925 law that had outlawed the teaching of the Theory of Evolution in state schools.

Later life
Ellington did not seek another office after his second term as governor ended. In the 1970 gubernatorial campaign, he refused to endorse the Democratic nominee, John Jay Hooker, and quietly supported the Republican nominee (and eventual winner), Winfield Dunn. Ellington's press secretary, Hudley Crockett, was narrowly defeated by incumbent Albert Gore Sr., in the 1970 U.S. Senate primary.

Ellington died while playing golf in Boca Raton, Florida, on April 3, 1972. Former President Johnson and Vice President Spiro Agnew were among those who attended his funeral, and President Richard Nixon issued a statement of condolence.

Family and legacy
Ellington married Catherine Ann Cheek in 1929. They had two children: John, who became a pilot and aviation expert, and Ann, who became an artist.

 * The Ellington Agricultural Center, the headquarters of the Tennessee Department of Agriculture, is named in honor of Governor Ellington.
 * A golf course at Henry Horton State Park and buildings on the campuses of Tennessee Technological University, the University of Memphis, and the University of Tennessee at Martin were also named in his honor.
 * The Financial Aid and Registrar building on the campus of Austin Peay State University is named in Ellington's honor.

title: Buford Ellington


text:
User:GaiusKnight

Hello and welcome to my personal page. I am known on many parts of the internet as GaiusKnight. I am 12 years old and enjoy writing, Civilization 3, and prayer to God. I have just finished my first novel, in which the main character is named Gaius. I hope all who view the pages I edit get good, reliable information.

title: User:GaiusKnight


text:
Louis Hersent

Louis Hersent (10 March 1777 – 2 October 1860) was a French painter.

Life and career
He was born in Paris. He became a pupil of Jacques-Louis David, and obtained the Prix de Rome in 1797. In the Salon of 1802, he showed Metamorphosis of Narcissus, and he continued to exhibit with rare interruptions up to 1831. He married Louise-Marie-Jeanne Mauduit in 1821.

His pupils were Louis-Eugène Bertier, Auguste Bigand, Hélène Charlotte Juliette de Bourge, Augustin Luc Demoussy, Henri Joseph Constant Dutilleux, Hippolyte Dominique Holfeld, Jean-Francois-Hyacinthe-Jules Laure, Eugène Modeste Edmond Lepoittevin, Emile Aubert Lessore, Auguste Dominique Mennessier, François Alexandre Pernot, Julie Philipault, August Thomas Pierre Philippe, Pierre Poterlet, Joachim Sotta, Henry de Triqueti, and Théophile Auguste Vauchelet. His most considerable works under the First French Empire were Achilles parting from Briseis, and Atala dying in the arms of Chactas (both engraved in Landon's Annales du Musée); an Incident of the life of Fénelon, painted in 1810, found a place at Malmaison, and Passage of the Bridge at Landshut, which belongs to the same date, is now at Versailles.

Hersent's typical works, however, belong to the period of the Restoration; Louis XVI relieving the Afflicted (Versailles) and Daphnis and Chloë (engraved by Laugier and by Gelée) were both in the Salon of 1817; at that of 1819 the Abdication of Gustavus Vasa brought to Hersent a medal of honour, but the picture, purchased by the Duke of Orléans, was destroyed at the Palais-Royal in 1848, and the engraving by Henriquel-Dupont is now its sole record. Ruth, produced in 1822, became the property of Louis XVIII, who from the moment that Hersent rallied to the Restoration patronized him, made him officer of the Legion of Honour, and pressed his claims at the Institut de France (Académie des Beaux-Arts), where he replaced van Spaendonck.

He continued in favour under Charles X, for whom was executed Monks of Mount St Gotthard, exhibited in 1824. In 1831, Hersent made his last appearance at the Salon with portraits of Louis Philippe, Marie Amélie and the duke of Montpensier; that of the kingwas not considered by the anonymous author in the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition as equal to the portrait of Spontini (Berlin), which the author considered probably Hersent's chef-d'œuvre.

After this date, Hersent ceased to exhibit at the yearly salons. Although in 1846 he sent a likeness of Delphine Gay and one or two other works to the rooms of the Société d'Artistes, he could not be tempted from his usual reserve even by the international contest of 1855.

title: Louis Hersent


text:
Glan, Sarangani

Glan, officially the Municipality of Glan (Lungsod sa Glan; Inged nu Glan, Jawi: ايڠد نوڠلن; Bayan ng Glan), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Sarangani, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 109,547 people.

Glan is located east of Sarangani Bay, west of Davao Occidental, and north of the Celebes Sea. Barangay Sufatubo as the largest barangay in Glan, It is largely based on agriculture with a high level production of copra. Aquaculture is the second biggest income earner, notably milkfish and shrimps culture. Other agricultural products are coconuts, maize, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, mangoes, pork, eggs, beef, and fish.

The economy accelerated in 2010s due to advances in global communication technology and the finishing of a modern highway, which improved trade and transport. The municipality is classified as he "heritage town" by cultural conservationists, including members of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts due to the many well-preserved ancestral houses and heritage structures within the municipality. The Heritage Conservation Society suggested an ordinance, similar to the ordinance in Vigan, that would protect Glan's heritage houses and aesthetics in 2014 for centuries to come. Some conservationists have also suggested for the town's inclusion in the Philippines tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage Site enlistment.

History
In the early efforts of Independence from American administration, Sergio Osmeña, Sr. the president of the first convention of provincial governors had joined those nationalists who petitioned Governor William Howard Taft to allow the formation of a political party advocating immediate independence for the Philippines in 1902. Sergio Osmeña, while a governor of Cebu, he was elected as the first Speaker of national assembly in 1907 and uses the venue to request further more Filipino control in the colony or “Filipinization” of the colony. From 1907 to 1916, the executive power of the Philippines was vested in an American Governor General, assisted by the departmental secretaries. Under the Osmeña Act, which passed by the Philippine Legislature a portion of this act “which provides the colonization to all parts of Mindanao that includes Jolo, Sulo and Basilan.” Hence, the distribution of land in Mindanao, program by the Bureau of Land “Free” otherwise known as “Homestead”, comprises twenty four (24) hectares track of agricultural land in addition to townsite lot of nine hundred twenty (920) square meters to give free and distributed to Filipino families from all walks of life from Luzon and Visayas willing to owned and occupy land in Mindanao. Hence, this was known as sakada people migrated to Mindanao by way of shipment from Luzon and other parts of the Visayas.

In 1912, arriving at the port of Surigao where the office of the bureau of land under American supervision. A noticed outside the office which read “Immediate Hiring of Workers” and willing to travel to all parts of Mindanao. Thus, Elpidio Empasis Barcelona, a very poor young Spanish Filipino mestizo hails from Tanke, Talisay in island of Cebu at the age of sixteen (16) became an employee of the Bureau of Land, under an American supervision in Land Survey Party. He works as a “transit man” and was designated as an assistant to the Engineering Land Surveyor due to his knowledge in mathematics. Experienced in surveying, his first assignment was from Butuan, Davao, and others parts of Cotabato, Pikit, Pagalungan, Midsayap as far as Zamboanga, Jolo, Sulo and Basilan. Also in 1912, back to area of Cotabato member of survey party led by an American geodetic engineer, continued their task of surveying, until they reached the most southern part of Cotabato, now called “GLAN”, which was then unexplored before. The existence of the biggest form of trees with approximate diameter of five to six feet, the least was four feet in diameter. There were very few existing houses of Blaans and Maguindanaons, who were native inhabitants in the area, numbered not more than seven houses or shanties near the banks of the river, and there were also others who lived in shanties at the hinterland. They found no Christians alike, the place was still unknown its name. A member of the survey party, approached a certain native Maguindanaon man who happened sharpening his long bladed bolo, and asked the native in Cebuano, “amigo, unsay nga’an ning dapita, ning lugaraha?” (Friend, what's the name of this area, this place?). The man did not actually understand Cebuano, as he thought the stranger was asking what he was doing he answered “GALANG” means sharpening in Maguindanaon. Then and there, the member of the survey party reported to Barcelona the name of the place is “Galang”. By mistake, it was named in the surveyed place and was established in the department of agriculture in a lot plan as “Colony No. 9- Glan”. The man was later known as Po Mangalaw.

Elpidio Empasis Barcelona made a written request to his American supervisor and recommended to the Bureau of Land Secretary to be reassigned in Cotabato colony no. 9 to assist SACADA people from Visayas in filing their free-patent application, relative to distribution and location of their homestead and also with corresponding lot number. Barcelona request's was granted. On ground that this new unexplored land (Colony No. 9) must be distributed to people Christians alike and also includes the native Blaans and Maguindanaons.

Barcelona wrote a letter to his families back in Carcar, Cebu, inviting them and their neighbors to come and the people from San Fernando, Naga, and other parts of Cebu joined in going to a place now called Glan. These people from Carcar and neighboring towns in Cebu decided themselves by majority to charter another ship, that directly to land at its seashores at the valley of Glan. The arrival of first ship landed was on October 8, 1914. They were Fermin Adarna, Braulio Jimenez, Gavino Avila, Severino Maribosa, Esperidion Cania, Agapito Morales, Perpetuo Cellona, Luis Onin, Macario Ebona, Mamerto Del Pilar, Bernabe Flores, Jose Sarcon, Felipe Onay, Tomas Ugdamin, Damaso Intig and Eulogio Villaluz.

The second wave of southward arrival was on March 10, 1915. They were Gil Alcober, Gonzalo Cabilao, Primo Alcoriza, Braulio Calinawan, Baldomero Alducente, Gil Caliza, Gaspar Alido, Mateo Du, Urbano Alinsunurin, Felipe De Goma, Macario Alinsugay, Anatalio Flores, Graciano Algarme, Eusebio Lapis, Maximo Baclaan, Clemente Pangalao, Andres Barcelona, Eugenio Pangalao, Enrique Barcelona, Higino Paras, Arcadio Baring, Miguel Reyes, Francisco Bendigoza, Hospicio Sarmiento, Marcelo Bukog, Timoteo Sarmiento, Mariano Alinsugay and Gavino Tabanao.

These were the first Sacadas who built the town Glan. Later, Tranquilino Ruiz was assigned as Colony Supervisor around 1917 in Glan.

Heritage Town
The municipality is classified by members of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts as a heritage town. However, no ordinance or law has yet to be legislated for protection of Glan's heritage structures and colonial roads. A Vigan-type ordinance has been suggested by the Heritage Conservation Society, so that the town may be added to the Philippines UNESCO Tentative List in the future.

Barangays
Glan is politically subdivided into 31 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.

 * Baliton
 * Batotuling
 * Batulaki
 * Big Margus
 * Burias
 * Cablalan
 * Calabanit
 * Calpidong
 * Congan
 * Cross
 * Datalbukay
 * E. Alegado
 * Glan Padidu
 * Gumasa
 * Ilaya
 * Kaltuad
 * Kapatan
 * Lago
 * Laguimit
 * Mudan
 * New Aklan
 * Pangyan
 * Poblacion
 * Rio Del Pilar
 * San Jose
 * San Vicente
 * Small Margus
 * Sufatubo
 * Taluya
 * Tango
 * Tapon

title: Glan, Sarangani