text:
Dodging and burning

Dodging and burning are terms used in photography for a technique used during the printing process to manipulate the exposure of select areas on a photographic print, deviating from the rest of the image's exposure. In a darkroom print from a film negative, dodging decreases the exposure for areas of the print that the photographer wishes to be lighter, while burning increases the exposure to areas of the print that should be darker.

Any material with varying degrees of opacity may be used, as preferred, to cover and/or obscure the desired area for burning or dodging. One may use a transparency with text, designs, patterns, a stencil, or a completely opaque material shaped according to the desired area of burning/dodging.

Many modern digital image editing programs have "dodge" and "burn" tools that mimic the effect on digital images.

Applications
A key application of dodging and burning is to improve contrast (tonal reproduction) in film print-making; today this is better known as tone mapping in digital photography – see high-dynamic-range imaging. The technical issue is that natural scenes have higher dynamic range (ratio of light to dark) than can be captured by film, which in turn is greater than can be reproduced in prints. Compressing this high dynamic range into a print either requires uniformly decreasing contrast (making tones closer together) or carefully printing different parts of an image differently so that each retains the maximum contrast – in this latter dodging and burning is a key tool.

An excellent example is the photograph Schweitzer with lamp at his desk by W. Eugene Smith, from his 1954 photo essay A Man of Mercy on Dr. Albert Schweitzer and his humanitarian work in French Equatorial Africa. The image took 5 days to produce, in order to reproduce the tonal range of the scene, which ranges from a bright lamp (relative to the scene) to dark shadow.

Ansel Adams elevated dodging and burning to an art form. Many of his famous prints were manipulated in the darkroom with these two techniques. Adams wrote a comprehensive book on producing prints called The Print, which features dodging and burning prominently, in the context of his Zone System.

They can also be used in less subtle ways, as in the stenciled lettering shown at the top of this article.

Technique
By using completely opaque material as a cover over the preferred area for dodging or burning, absolutely no light will pass through and as a result, an outline of the material may be visible on the print. One way to prevent obvious cover-up lines is to slightly shake the burning material over the covered area while it is being exposed. Another way to prevent obvious cover-up lines is to use slightly less opaque material closer to the outline to produce a more subtle, faded effect.

Burning
To burn-in a print, the print is first given normal exposure. Next, extra exposure is given to the area or areas that need to be darkened. A card or other opaque object is held between the enlarger lens and the photographic paper in such a way as to allow light to fall only on the portion of the scene to be darkened.

Dodging
A card or other opaque object is held between the enlarger lens and the photographic paper in such a way as to block light from the portion of the scene to be lightened. Since the technique is used with a negative-to-positive process, reducing the amount of light results in a lighter image.

References and sources

 * References

 * Sources

title: Dodging and burning


text:
Talk:Billy Whizz

Untitled
Would a mention of the other use of "Billy Whizz" be inappropriate/irrelevent? pomegranate

 * Not at all, assuming that usage is encyclopedic (e.g., don't do it if it's your old college roommate's nickname or something). For a model, see Richard Cohen, and look at Disambiguation. best, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 16:57, 2004 Aug 4 (UTC)

 * Well, the other meaning I'm referring to, which I'm guessing you aren't aware of, is that "Billy Whizz" is a British slang term for the drug amphetamine/speed. As this is derived from the cartoon character, it's not appropriate to have another article. It's because of the child-oriented nature of cartoon that I asked if the inclusion would be apt. pomegranate 22:23, Aug 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * It's quite acceptable. Thanks for the edit. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 22:29, 2004 Aug 4 (UTC)

 * Thanks for refining what I said, it's helpful. pomegranate 19:52, Aug 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Does the slang term for amphetamines come from the comic strip, or is it the other way round? Amphetamine's street names include: speed, billy, whizz and others. Note that 'billy' and 'whizz' are two seperate names . The article states that the comic strip was created in 1964. Interestingly, this is the year that the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act was introduced, which made unlicensed possession and importation an offence. This Act was introduced due to the growing popularity of illicit amphetamine use in the early 60s [Tim Newburn, Criminology, 2005, 479]. So is there any way for us to tell if the slang terms 'billy' and 'whizz' where in use before the creation of the comic? I came here specifically to find this out, but I'm not satisfied that this is completely reliable. I know that nobody has posted here in a while, but hopefully someone will come along. I'll post sources if I find any. Zestos (talk) 20:03, 16 January 2010 (UTC)

Cartref: Billy is actually from Whizztown, as it says so in a Beano book about menacing. Can't remember the title, but it has fabric supposedly to feel like Dennis's hair. Yes, The Beano:Mission Mayhem. Beanscene (talk) 20:15, 13 November 2011 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Billy Whizz


text: Template:University of Puerto Rico

title: Template:University of Puerto Rico


text:
Category:Computer memory

This category is for articles having to deal with the faster forms of memory (like DRAM).

For articles about slower forms of storage like disk storage, use the Category:Computer data storage.

title: Category:Computer memory


text: Category:New Zealand athletes

title: Category:New Zealand athletes


text:
Talk:Bond Hill, Cincinnati

Untitled
There was a guy, a white supremist arrested a few years back, who confessed to the killing of two black kids using a hunting rifle back in the mid 80's.

He confessed to his cellmate while in jail for something else.

I really wish I remembered who he was, especially since it was so big.

Also, I think it would be helpful to add that information to give my old neighborhood a bit more personality. - 16:58, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20040614035442/http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov:80/cdap/pages/-3716-/ to http://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/cdap/pages/-3716-/

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title: Talk:Bond Hill, Cincinnati


text:
User talk:Brunoton

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

title: User talk:Brunoton


text:
User talk:Pomegranate

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Hi, I just bolded the title. By the way, welcome to Wikipedia. Danny 02:34, 12 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Sci-Fi Conflict Casualties
I made up a page that has casualty figures for various conflicts in various science fiction worlds - such as S. Trek, S. Wars, and Babylon 5.

JesseG 19:13, Sep 23, 2004 (UTC)

Jeffrey Lewis
I speedy-deleted your note. By all means, write a stub on Jeffrey Lewis when you're ready, but in the meantime, don't leave the equivalent of Post-It notes in main article space. Use your user page for rough work in progress if you like. Dpbsmith (talk) 01:05, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC) P. S. Contributors do not sign articles, only notes in discussion pages. In articles, you can always sort out who contributed what from the History page. Dpbsmith (talk) 01:07, 3 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * How boring. I thought it might entertain someone... pomegranate 01:12, Jun 3, 2005 (UTC)

Twin Towns
Minneapolis/St. Paul is probably one of the best know Twin Towns in the United States, i think thats what they are referring too. It also holds true on a worldwide scale because of the relative proximity of both to each other. What other notable twin towns were you thinking of when you said there were a lot more? And please keep in mind the definition of twin towns. Thankszoreos! --Gephart 19:30, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Meetup/Birmingham
This is just a reminder that the Birmingham meetup of UK Wikipedians that you have expressed an interst in is happening tomorrow. Sorry for the short notice. Thryduulf 15:23, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

Consumer electronics
I have noticed you started the category. I don't think there should be an emphasis put on "consumer electronics". I understand there is some validity to the term but isn't the real difference between consumer electronics and (non-consumer) electronics just marketing (and a few gimmiks)? I am interested in categorizing lots of technology/products/designs and collating the info in a "product Design" portal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Product_Design)...if that was of interest to you. Chendy 00:04, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Environmental history
Hi. I noticed your interest in ecology and history on your user page - you might be interested in the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Proposals#Environmental_history|proposal for a WikiProject Environmental history]]. I'd appreciate it if you gave it a look and left any comments you might have.

Random Nonsense 22:34, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Here's why I undid your edit about Prometheus on the Zeta Reticuli page:
http://silverscreensaucers.blogspot.com.au/2012/05/prometheus-headed-for-zeta-reticuli.html

I will add this as a reference in the next edit. I just always struggle with "cite web" tags.... they're a real bi*ch for me.

Just watch the video and see it come from the horses mouth... "The planet where they go is called Zeta(2) Reticuli, and what they find there is an establishment that is not what they expected it to be,"

So you also now have license to believe they really landed on the moon LV-426 and weyland hid their destination from them!

Colliric (talk) 06:59, 15 June 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:15, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pomegranate


text:
Talk:1940s

Untitled
This needs some additions - is "stunk" computer a misprint?

 * It must be. Googling the phrase "stunk computer" gives only wikipedia and its mirrors/forks. I'll delete it. --Lancevortex 18:28, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Independence for some former colonies - which? The links are not entirely appropriate.

American sports figures and entertainers - additions?

Will add a few details when I have the time. Jackiespeel 16:59, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)

More on women's role/position is needed. Not just for this but others Protarion 18/06/2005 3:03 PM (EST Sydney)

Needs more events happening around the world instead of more American —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.7.122.182 (talk) 04:00, 30 November 2005 (UTC)

The linked '1947' page seems to have something wrong with it. It gives none of the normal wiki options! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 159.178.83.133 (talk) 18:00, 26 December 2006 (UTC)

[Jeff Miller] is said to be an icon of the 1940s, however the linked person was born in 1959 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Miller)! Is this a typo or mistake? Ethoen 15:11, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

I thought the idea of the people section was that it contains the most significant people of the era? Regardless of whether they were considered good or evil. Shouldn't for instance Hitler be in the section on the basis of the (deplorable) impact he had on the world in that decade? BeL1EveR 09:01, 9 June 2007 (UTC)

John Smith
I'm working on the pages that link to John Smith's disambiguation page, and this is one of them. There's a John Smith here under sports figures. The problem is that I don't know which John Smith is, I don't even know what sport did he play. So, for now, I took off the link, because it was wrong. But I didn't delete the name John Smith, so maybe somebody who knows who he is can put the correct link. --Dpapic 15:30, 4 March 2007 (UTC)

I'm pretty sure the 50's were radical and the 30's were conservative, not the other way around —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.72.99.12 (talk) 23:36, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

Yes. Certainly in the UK the 1920s were radical until the breaking of the general strike, the 1930s saw consolidation from the right, the 1940s saw war and the late 40s/early 50s saw the post-war settlement - a direct result of the government's fears over rising militancy. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.121.243.194 (talk) 15:31, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

1940s
Would like to request that my Forties site be referenced on Wikipedia. http://www.forties.net

This site produces material during the l940s, and WWII. Unfortunately, is not a professional site, though has material presented from memory, and/or links concerning WWII, entertainment, fashions, one room school house, and other features relating to the Forties.

The WWII page includes Japanese torture and POWs, Nazi pages of POWs, Female Spies, Women serving, Japanese surrender, VEDay, VJ Day, and others as well as cartoons which were popular during this era.

Thank you for your consideration, it is rated the highest site for the Forties on Google.

Beverly Sturdy sundog28@comcast.net

P.S. Am 80 years old and am not familiar with GFDL or what it is. I own this site www.forties.net, and some material is my copyrighted words. If you can provide information, would appreciate it, thank you. sundogsss Sundogsss 02:45, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

 * 80 years old in 2007! Are you still alive? 67.78.117.59 (talk) 16:43, 6 February 2023 (UTC)

vasile bagrin the prisedent —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.228.155.5 (talk) 09:36, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Untitled
This article is very poor and can do with all kinds of help - for example, the long lists of names under "Entertainers", "People" etc might be better replaced by a paragraph and a link to a more detailed article. This is a very interesting period in time and can be better served. If I can, I'll come back and so some work on it, but in the meantime, encourage others to do so. Good to see the Fashion section: nicely done, good if all the sections can be of that standard. Nicole A. Jenkins (talk) 04:34, 22 July 2008 (UTC)

Photo montage
Zen Copain provides us with another visually enhancing photo montage. This is a good start. To improve it I might suggest the following:
 * while WW2 dominated the first half of the decade, I would perhaps add a photo or two of other events that followed - partition in India, the creation of Israel, swing music, the first computer or Bretton Woods
 * the WW2 images are predominantly about the US's contribution. I would keep the mushroom cloud pic (itself an important milestone in itself), and maybe a one other, but then use a pic for each of the major combatants (Japan, Germany, UK, Italy, USSR).  Kransky (talk) 12:58, 17 July 2009 (UTC)

Format changes
Please discuss before deleting content...Modernist (talk) 14:23, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
 * The content needs to be ordered. Please refrain from reverting everything next time or else I'll need to report this to the operators. TheCuriousGnome (talk) 14:59, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Ordering content is one thing, deleting content another, please discuss first before making major changes thank you...Modernist (talk) 15:01, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
 * What section are you talking about exactly? TheCuriousGnome (talk) 15:03, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
 * The columned section - It was in 3 columns, you turned it into a long, long list, your image size reductions were good, and your additions of Gandhi and Hitler are fine too...Modernist (talk) 15:07, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Great, so we agree that I did not delete anything. In my future additions to the article I will make sure that the section you were tallking about would remain with 3 columns. TheCuriousGnome (talk) 20:48, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

Article is actively undergoing a major edit
I decided to try to improve the article as much as I can. I'll write a summary of all my changes here when I'll finish. This might take a while, so be patient. TheCuriousGnome (talk) 22:10, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I see that you deleted among other things the image of Franklyn Delano Roosevelt from world leaders, - which makes no sense, Although World War II dominated the decade you have deleted images of military leaders Isoroku Yamamoto, Erwin Rommel, and activists Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Raoul Wallenburg. The emphasis now leads immediately into culture, which took a second place during the war years and beyond...Modernist (talk) 00:30, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
 * The main purpose of this article is first and foremost to present an encyclopedic overview of the different significant events, technology, trends, etc. of the decade. This article is defiantly not intended to contain a giant list full of names and a big gallery of images next to them. The lists on this page are already too big and there are already too many images included of the historical figures - we need to stick to the most notable figures (this is the reason I added the "Cleanup-list" template at the top of the article). I suggest that you'll take a look at these articles for a better idea - 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s. One of the main reasons the big segments of missing information have not been added yet is mainly because the article has needed a cleanup for a long while. TheCuriousGnome (talk) 05:48, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Oh and another thing - the first section in the article is currently "International issues" - I plan to make it bigger and more comprehensive (this is a tedious job which would not be solved be simply adding a big list of names and pictures to that section). TheCuriousGnome (talk) 05:53, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Oh, just keep in mind - the great thing about Wikipedia is that anything can change on a dime...Modernist (talk) 12:53, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Oh, one more thing, just keep in mind that I wrote most of the first section in the article which is currently "International issues", as well as most of the rest of it, there were no large galleries, - only one with 3 thumbnails, and all the sections need expansion not just a few. As I told you, WWII is the dominant subject of the decade as well as the UN and the various Post-War international issues like the Marshall plan, the rebuilding of Europe, the creation of Israel...Modernist (talk) 13:14, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Concerning galleries - actually they might work much better then the stacked images in the separate sections. Smaller galleries of around 4 or five images each might work. I'll add them a little down the road...Modernist (talk) 13:26, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
 * As I have mentioned before - The main purpose of this article is first and foremost to present an encyclopedic overview of the different significant events, technology, trends, etc. of the decade. This article is defiantly not intended to contain a giant list full of names and a big gallery of images next to them. The whole people section is going to be minimized whether you like it or not. If you keep on expanding it with galleries I will have no other choice but to report your actions to the operators. Please help me develop the other sections instead of insisting on developing the people section. TheCuriousGnome (talk) 14:41, 29 December 2009 (UTC)
 * Before you attempt to impose your interpretation here and elsewhere I advise you to look at WP:OWN and understand consensus...Modernist (talk) 18:10, 29 December 2009 (UTC)

Work completed
Finally I got around to adding most of the stuff which were missing. Hope you all like my changes and would be able to help me continue improving this important article.

The changes I made during the major edit:
 * I changed the name of the "Significant events" section (very vague term) into "Wars and Conflicts" and added as much information to the different sub-sections as I could.
 * I added the Economics section (an important section which needs yet to be written).
 * I added the best pictures Oscar winners of the 1940s to the film section.

I hope to add more information in the future but that's it for now. TheCuriousGnome (talk) 07:26, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

Redirect note
'40s' no longer redirects to this page - should the note be removed/changed? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.191.249.40 (talk) 13:46, 15 January 2010 (UTC)

Improvements to the montage
Hopefully CatJar and everybody else like my recent changes to this montage. If not, please, before you go ahead and revert everything - discuss what bothers you here and we'll work it out. TheCuriousGnome (talk) 18:56, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

The selection of notable events in the montage
We need to reach a consensus on the final selection of images included in the 1940s montage on the top of the page through a discussion (and not through edit wars) which would include (hopefully) many Wikipedians.

The current montage is composed of the following images:

Please share your opinion on this matter BELOW supplying reasons for or against the current images included and/or supply alternative suggestions. TheCuriousGnome (talk) 19:58, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

The founding of the United Nations
The founding of the United Nations should be included in the montage...Modernist (talk) 20:12, 25 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Absolutely. Can you find a good image tough. Please wait with adding it until we decide the discussion is done. TheCuriousGnome (talk) 20:21, 25 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I like this one best so far. What do you think? TheCuriousGnome (talk) 03:01, 26 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Try to find images of the actual event, or images from that time period.CatJar (talk) 04:51, 26 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I couldn't find any free ones avialable. It seems like we would need to settle for less. TheCuriousGnome (talk) 05:31, 26 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Use either of the above - the UN should be included...Modernist (talk) 20:30, 26 March 2010 (UTC)

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Collage
It appears an RFC on collages on Wikiproject years will be interpreted to also ban collages in decade articles. Users here may wish to participate. Koopinator (talk) 07:26, 24 December 2023 (UTC)

Collage Update
Should I replace the Battle of Britain with Operation Barbarossa? It seems like Operation Barbarossa is a much more important event than the battle of Britain in WW2, as it saw the Soviet Union entering the war, and it opened the Eastern Front, leading to tens of millions of death. Setarip (talk) 11:49, 28 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:1940s


text:
Chingford railway station

Chingford is a railway station located in Chingford in the London Borough of Waltham Forest, north east London, operated by London Overground since 31 May 2015. It is one of three northern termini of the Lea Valley lines, 10 mi down the line from London Liverpool Street. The station is close to Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge.

The station is in Travelcard Zone 5.

History
The Eastern Counties Railway had begun its venture into a main line railway that would head north to compete with the Great Northern. Limited funds and incessant squabbling had slowed its progress. After the merger with several other lines, the ECR became part of the Great Eastern Railway. The GER planned a network of lines to serve countryside around London by its Metropolitan Station and Railways Act of 1864. It also planned a line to High Beach, to serve Epping Forest, which reached a terminus in Bull Lane (now Kings Road) at the very end of Hale End Road (now Larkshall Road) in Chingford, in 1873. In 1878 the small station (named 'Chingford Green') near to the village green was replaced by a much more grandiose station on the very edge of town, overlooking the forest. The extension of the railway by only 600 yd to a place far less useful to the local population was an attempt to trap tourist traffic to the forest, and to stimulate suburban growth in the fields surrounding it. The line was doubled and the new station built as a through station, with its platforms and tracks leading out onto an embankment ready to leap across the newly named Station Road and enter the forest.

The railway fostered new interest in the forest as a destination and the popularity of this Crown land and its impending loss to development was not unnoticed. In 1882 Queen Victoria came by train to Chingford and declared the forest open to the public forever. The railway that had encouraged so much interest and carried the Royal party to the very edge of town was now stumped as any new development on the forest lands would be strictly controlled. However, the Chingford Rise Estate company developed land to the south with large villas, some of which now sell for over £1 million.

Chingford became a commuter terminal and was eventually truncated to make way for a bus station. The line no longer towers over the forest, but hides quietly behind the bustle of Station Road, its electric trains now transporting workers into the city rather than helping the masses to escape it.

The station building is relatively unchanged since its 1878 construction, and still carries the grandeur that accompanied the railway schemes of the late 19th century.

The line was electrified in the late 1950s by the Eastern Region of British Railways with electric services commencing on 21 November 1960. Early services were formed of Class 305 EMUs but initial technical problems with these saw replacements by Class 302 and Class 304 EMUs.

There is a plastic owl in the underside of the canopy over platform two, just outside the newsagent's, an attempt to stop pigeons landing there. Ticket barriers were installed in 2011.

Operation transferred from Abellio Greater Anglia to London Overground on 31 May 2015.

Connections
Chingford bus station is located adjacent to Chingford railway station. London Buses routes 97, 179, 212, 313, 379, 385, 397, 444 and night route N26 serve the station.

Services
The maximum length of trains to/from Chingford station is 8 carriages, though with Class 305 stock, it was 9. Trains are operated by London Overground.

The typical off-peak weekday service pattern is:
 * 4 trains per hour to London Liverpool Street.

title: Chingford railway station


text:
Raymond Watson

Raymond "Ray" L. Watson (October 4, 1926 – October 20, 2012) was the former president of the Irvine Company, and served as chief planner during the 1960s and 1970s. He was also chairman of Walt Disney Productions from 1983 to 1984, and served on the Disney board from 1972 until March 2004.

Early life and education
Raymond L. Watson was born in Seattle, Washington on October 4, 1926, to Olive Lorentzon, a Norwegian schoolteacher, and Leslie Watson, a Scots-Irish carpenter. They lived in Greenwood, a low-lying Seattle suburb. While celebrating his sister Doris's third birthday, his mother suffered a stroke and fell into a coma, dying three months later aged 33. Her death and the Great Depression created a "period of instability" within the Watson family as they became dependent on relatives while his father looked for work, eventually getting a job constructing state park buildings in Oakland, California. After moving to Oakland in 1934, Watson was raised by his grandmother, spending his summers at the state beaches and parks where his father worked as a carpenter. After a short stint in the U.S. Army Air Corps Cadet Training Program toward the end of World War II, he enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley, receiving his B.A. in 1951 and a master's degree in 1953, both in architecture.

Business career
Watson was hired in 1960 as chief planner of the Irvine Company. During his time at the Irvine Company, Watson oversaw development of the City of Irvine; the University of California, Irvine; Newport Center; and Fashion Island as well as numerous residential villages throughout Orange County.

In a 1996 essay in the Orange County Register, Watson wrote of his development and planning work in Irvine: “Irvine the community, the town, the city, is what you, the citizens of Irvine, have built. You've built an outstanding education system within the walls of the school buildings. You've created and run an outstanding recreation program that used the open space, parks and lakes (William) Pereira visualized and we built. You bring life and therefore community to the shopping and entertainment centers we've built. The Irvine villages we conceived are now your communities, home to your homes."

Awards and honors
A pedestrian bridge was named in Watson’s honor in 2005 (Watson Bridge). An inscription at the site credits Watson as a “Modern Renaissance Man.” This bridge is owned by the City of Irvine, and connects the University of California, Irvine to the Irvine Company's University Center.

In 2006, Raymond Watson was awarded The Medal by the University of California, Irvine.

Watson is a former trustee of the University of California, Irvine Foundation and a former member of The Paul Merage School of Business Dean's Advisory Board. Watson was chair of the Daniel G. Aldrich Society and in 1997, was honored with the Center for Real Estate Lifetime Achievement Award.

He was also elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1971; served as University of California Regent’s Professor in the Graduate School of Management at UCI; received the California Council’s 1986 Award for Excellence in Architects in Industry, and was elected to the California Building Industry’s Hall of Fame in 1988.

Personal life
Watson and his wife, Elsa, lived in the same Newport Beach home for 48 years, in the East Bluff development that he helped plan. They were lifetime members of the University of California, Irvine Chancellor's Club.

Archival collections

 * Guide to Raymond L. Watson Papers. Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California.

Other

 * Raymond L. Watson Archive Papers
 * University of California, Berkeley Oral Biography
 * UCIspace @ the Libraries digital collection: Raymond L. Watson born digital files and digitized slides, 1992-2010

title: Raymond Watson


text:
United and uniting churches

A united church, also called a uniting church, is a denomination formed from the merger or other form of church union of two or more different Protestant Christian denominations, a number of which come from separate and distinct denominational orientations or traditions. Multi-denominationalism, or a multi-denominational church or organization, is a congregation or organization that is affiliated with two or more Christian denominations, whether they be part of the same tradition or from separate and distinct traditions.

Historically, unions of Protestant churches were enforced by the state, usually in order to have a stricter control over the religious sphere of its people, but also for other organizational reasons. As modern Christian ecumenism progresses, unions between various Protestant traditions are becoming more and more common, resulting in a growing number of united and uniting churches.

Examples include the United Church of Canada (1925), the Church of South India (1947), the Uniting Church in Australia (1977), the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (2004), and the United Protestant Church of France (2013).

Since the mid-20th century, and the rise of secularism worldwide, mainline Protestantism has shrunk. Among others, Reformed (Calvinist), Anglican, and Lutheran churches have merged, often creating large nationwide denominations. In some countries, Methodist and Congregational denominations have also merged. The phenomenon is much less common among evangelical, nondenominational and charismatic church as new ones arise and many of them remain independent of each other, although in some cases instances of evangelical church congregations joining multiple denominations in a phenomenon known as "multi-denominationalism" does occur; but in most cases Evangelicals cooperate with each other through interdenominationalism while still maintaining denominational distinctions.

Perhaps the oldest official united church is found in Germany, where the Protestant Church in Germany is a federation of Lutheran, United (Prussian Union) and Reformed churches, a union dating back to 1817. The first of the series of unions was at a synod in Idstein to form the Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau in August 1817, commemorated in naming the church of Idstein Unionskirche one hundred years later.

Around the world, each united or uniting church comprises a different mix of predecessor Protestant denominations. Trends are visible, however, as most united and uniting churches have one or more predecessors with heritage in the Reformed tradition and many are members of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches.

Conciliar movement
In the 1950s and 1960s an ecumenical spirit emerged in many churches in the United States, leading to a conciliar movement known in some circles as Conciliarity. A product of this movement was the Consultation on Church Union (COCU). The COCU disbanded formally in 2002 but moved into the Churches Uniting in Christ movement.

United and uniting churches around the world

 * Australia: Uniting Church in Australia, the 1977 union of the Congregational Union of Australia, Methodist Church of Australasia, and Presbyterian Church of Australia churches.
 * Bangladesh: Church of Bangladesh, established in 1974 as a union of Anglican and Presbyterian churches.
 * Belgium: United Protestant Church in Belgium, formed in 1979 as a union of the Reformed and Lutheran churches.
 * Canada: United Church of Canada, the 1925 union of Congregationalist, Methodist Church (Canada), and a majority of the Presbyterian Church in Canada (including Bermuda).
 * Czech Republic: Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren, formed in 1918 in Czechoslovakia through the unification of the Protestant churches of the Lutheran and Reformed (Calvinist) confessions. However, the ECCB has deeper roots in the Czech Reformation: in the Utraquist Hussite Church (1431–1620) and in the Unity of Brethren aka Moravian Church (1457–1620).
 * France: United Protestant Church of France, formed in 2013 through the unification of the Reformed Church of France and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of France.
 * Germany: Ten united church bodies within the Protestant Church in Germany from unions of Lutheran and Reformed churches: Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia, the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland, the Evangelical Church of Westphalia (all of them are successors of the Prussian Union of Churches), the Evangelical Church of Anhalt, the Protestant Church in Baden, the Evangelical Church of Bremen, the Evangelical Church in Central Germany, the Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau, the Evangelical Church of Hesse Electorate-Waldeck and the Evangelical Church of the Palatinate (Protestant State Church).
 * India: Church of North India, the 1970 union of Anglican, Methodist, Baptist, Disciples of Christ, Presbyterian, Congregational, and the Church of the Brethren churches.
 * India: Church of South India, the 1947 union of Anglican, Methodist, Congregational, Presbyterian, and Reformed churches.
 * Indonesia: Indonesia Christian Church or Gereja Kristen Indonesia, union of GKI East Java, GKI West Java and GKI Central Java in 1988.
 * Italy: Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches, the 1975 union of Waldensian Evangelical Church and the Methodist Evangelical Church in Italy.
 * Jamaica: United Church in Jamaica and the Cayman Islands, the 1965 union of Presbyterian, Congregationalist, and Disciples of Christ churches.
 * Japan: United Church of Christ in Japan, the 1941 union of thirty-three Protestant denominations.
 * Kiribati: Kiribati Uniting Church, a union of several Protestant denominations in Kiribati, including Congregationalists, Evangelicals, Anglicans, and Presbyterians.
 * Melanesia: United Church in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands, a United church in the Methodist and the Reformed tradition
 * Netherlands: Protestant Church in the Netherlands, the 2004 union of the Dutch Reformed Church, the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
 * Pakistan: Church of Pakistan, the 1970 union of Anglicans, Scottish Presbyterians (Church of Scotland), Methodists, and Lutherans.
 * Philippines: Iglesia Evangelica Unida de Cristo, a merger of indigenous Presbyterian and Methodist denominations in 1932.
 * Philippines: United Church of Christ in the Philippines, a merger of the Evangelical Church of the Philippines, the Philippine Methodist Church, the Disciples of Christ, the United Evangelical Church and several independent congregations.
 * Philippines: Union Church of Manila, an interdenominational congregation resulting from the union of Presbyterian and Methodist churches in 1914.
 * South Africa: Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa.
 * Sweden: Evangelical Free Church in Sweden, the 2002 union of the Örebro Mission, the Free Baptist Union and the Holiness Union.
 * Sweden: Uniting Church in Sweden, the 2011 union of the Baptist Union of Sweden, the Swedish branch of the United Methodist Church, and the Mission Covenant Church of Sweden.
 * Thailand: Church of Christ in Thailand
 * United Kingdom: United Reformed Church, the 1972 union of the Congregational Union of England and Wales and the Presbyterian Church of England, later joined by the Churches of Christ (Europe) and the Congregational Union of Scotland.
 * United Kingdom: United Free Church of Scotland, formed in 1900 by the union of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland (or UP) and the majority of the 19th-century Free Church of Scotland.
 * United States: United Church of Christ, the 1957 union of the two previously united churches: Congregational Christian Churches and the Evangelical and Reformed Church.
 * United States: United Methodist Church, the 1968 union of the Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church.
 * United States: Wesleyan Church, the 1968 union of the Wesleyan Methodist Church and the Pilgrim Holiness Church.
 * United States: Unitarian Universalist Association, the 1961 consolidation of the American Unitarian Association and the Universalist Church of America.

title: United and uniting churches


text:
Talk:Great Jedi Purge

Removed text
I removed the following text regarding the implimentation: "in retaliation for two failed Jedi assassination attempts on his life "

Two points:

1) Palpatine created the Clone Army with the INTENT of destroying the Jedi all along.

2) Even had that not been true, Mace and the Council Masters went to the Chancellor's office to ARREST Palpatine, not kill him.70.129.191.138 (talk) 06:03, 1 March 2015 (UTC)

Mythic Parallels - Jedi and Templars
I found this whole line of research fascinating and very enlightening. If anyone wants to go into my article and activate all the proper hyperlinks, I'd be very appreciative. If you have any questions or complaints with the material, either respond here or visit my blog and contact me through that http://anaibendai.blogster.com

I am very curious to know if Lucas ever established a timeline that gives the actual DATE of the Jedi Purge - or the date "Order 66" was issued? If not, I'd like to suggest Natunda the 13th in the month of Welona, 19 BBY as that has a nice ring to it and futher cements the uncanny parallels between the Jedi and Templar Knights.

 * the way the jedis were all killed in revenge of the sith was the same tactict used when the templars were abolished; a single order to attack and kill any jedi/templar on the spot because they were traders/evil against the church —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.60.248.48 (talk) 05:26, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

66.231.11.124 04:34, 24 January 2006 (UTC)Anai Bendai

Original research is not allowed on wikipedia. Also some of the evidence, is never film canon and is instead based on the extended star wars universe, meaning that the similarities between the knights templar and the jedi order are created post factum by writers who are more aware of literary history. Your description of the Knights Templar seems to be based mostly on the 1956 fictional history of the priory of sion made popular by the da vinci code (the closest thing it gets to historical is Holy Blood Holy Grail which provides very little evidence that this theory even existed as heresy in the early christian church, despite the fact that various churches had beliefs of this nature) What you're really doing is diagraming two parallel works of fiction. HiS oWn 21:36, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

Placed a dispute tag above "Jedi and Templar" subheading in the "Jedi Purge" entry for the above reasons. The parallel is a forced one at best. obiwanjacoby May 8 2006

Agen, Saesee, Kit, and Mace
As you may have noticed, I have removed these esteemed gentlemen from the list of Jedi killed during the Jedi Purge. The reason for this is a simple one: they were not killed during the Jedi Purge; rather, their deaths were the Purge's immediate precursor. They died before Palpatine crowned himself Emperor, before Order 66 was issued, and before Anakin became Darth Vader. If you feel them worthy of inclusion merely because they were killed by Darth Sidious, should not the Jedi killed during the Yinchorri uprising, the Battle of Naboo, Outbound Flight, the Clone Wars—indeed, all of Palpatine's reign—be included as well? Discuss. Jon Hart 19:46, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

"Battle"?
The last time I checked, a battle was a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war and a purge was the systematic killing of a group of people over time. The Jedi Purge was part of the Galactic Civil War, but it was not a battle.

 * The purge could be made up of battles, we don't really know, but it wasn't a battle in itself.

Look, I'm not questioning whether this article should exist, I'm just stating it shouldn't be listed as a battle.

I think whoever said the Purge isn't a battle is right. Saying the Purge is a battle would be like saying the Holocaust or Cambodian genocide were battles. But there may have been battles between the Empire and the last Jedi. Also, who keeps reversing "battle before" and "battle after"? It just makes stuff more complicated.- B-101 12:23, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Stop the Edit-War
Will someone please sort out this pointless "dead" "presumed dead" crap? I've completely given up on this article because no one working on it can seem to get past this issue. Isn't wikipedia supposed to be about consensus through discussion? Stop just editing it and talk about it! I'm really tired of reading the comparisons on this page that read "dead" -> "presumed dead".

This edit war is getting ridiculous beyond any imagination! At this point we could argue that any characters who dies in a movie/anime/comic/etc should be only "presumed dead", "apparently killed" or whatever. After all, General Grievous was left in a similar state than Anakin Skywalker. Why should he be dead while Anakin survived? Because of the Force? How can we know that General Grievous was not a "hidden Jedi"? After all he fought Kenobi with four lightsabers. Please, let's discuss here about a term that will satisfy everyone and stop the slaughter in the main article. How about the simple term "shot repeatedly"? It says exactly what we see. Whether she survives or not is not implied. Fafner 1 July 2005 06:47 (UTC)

Star Wars Wiki
What is it referred too in the Star Wars Universe? Purge? Massacre?

Granted, I'm only basing this on the trailer, but in it Palpatine says something to the effect, "every single Jedi is now an enemy of the Republic." Doesn't that mean that the Jedi Purge took place before the formation of the Empire? Kuralyov 04:08, 22 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * It was almost simultaneous really. -- Riffsyphon1024 05:21, Apr 22, 2005 (UTC)

Wrong I tells ya!
This is wrong, wrong, wrong! Palpatine begun the purge - order 66 - long before he had announced the creation of the Empire.

Perhaps it should be thusly:

The Emperor, taking advantage of his near dictatorial powers granted by the senate, and possible using his dark side powers to manipulate the clones, ordered the Army of the Republic to execute Order 66-the total extermination of all living Jedi throughout the galaxy. This move would allow him to announce the creation of the galactic empire unhindered, as well as being a victory for the Sith.

Anakin (Darth Vader) brought a thousand Clone Storm troopers to invade the Jedi Temple and execute every Jedi. Every Jedi, including the ‘younglings’, within the temple was slaughtered by the newest sith lord and the elite clone troopers.

The purge was successful as it played of the way the Jedi had been spread through the galaxy fighting the separatists under the command of Palpatine. Although the Jedi where formidable opponents, especially in groups, alone they where in no position to defend themselves from the betrayal of the Clone troopers, and within a short period of time numerous where killed.

If no one objects I will change it on the morrow. --bquanta 12:52, 19 May 2005 (UTC)
 * I fixed it, although you may wish to modify it. M412k 02:19, 22 May 2005 (UTC)

Aayla Secura: Dead?
Didn't Aayla Secura get blasted? Like, while she was on that planet with the plants/flowers. I'm pretty sure she did, although she was covered by flowers while getting gunned down. -anon

I think you are right, ya know. --bquanta 07:55, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

I damn near cried at that scene, but yeah. She was blasted in the back several times before even falling and they continued to gun her down after that. Who the hell could survive that?

---

There may be a debatable point to that. She didn't acquire any blaster wounds from the fire and the fact that she was shot so many times would seem to open the possibility that she was hit with stun fire (as seen in the Republic cruiser in Episode IV when Leia is captured.) This, along with the maybe/maybe not rumor that she is a character in the upcoming TV series set after E3, leaves enough doubt in my mind that it's OK to keep it the way it is. --ObscureAuthor 23:22, 24 May 2005 (UTC)

 * But that would place the clones in violation of order 66 - and considering how they where bread to obey, that doesn't seem likey. Maybe they just wanted to make sure she was dead? And I'm curious as to why you said she didn't accquire any wounds? I didn't see a shot where you could have told one way or the other. But, at any rate, time shall tell. :) --bquanta 06:48, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Why would she be stunned? That makes no frickin sense.  Also, Clonetrooper blaster rifles have fired blue bolts since Genososis.  Also, the stun blast in ANH had a more ring like shape to it.  My guess is that Lucas either lied, her surviving was changed at the last minute or her surviving was just a rumor.--Kross 16:18, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)

She could have been spared because The 501st Legion was unique and kept some ability of self thought.

what is the point of her surviving anyway? she's just A Jedi With Boobs. that's all she is. she is Dead folks. DEAD!--darthvader88

Even Piell
I'm curious: what source states that Piell survives the Purge?

What about Morgan Katarn?
Let's not forget Morgan Katarn, Jedi and father to the Dark Forces/Jedi Knight series hero, Kyle Katarn. He surely survived the Purge. But did he marry someone? Or was Kyle an accident?

-Morgan wasn't a Jedi. Hence, I have removed him from the list of survivors.

However Qu Rahn, was most certainly a Jedi, and survived. http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Qu_Rahn — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.98.71.245 (talk) 03:19, 15 June 2011 (UTC)

Whatever happened to Quinlan Vos?
In the ROTS movie, it is stated by Obi-Wan that "Master Vos" (and at least I think this means Quinlan) has moved his troops to Boz Pity. In the ROTS comic we see him (although the name is not given, it is either him or his identical brother) get blasted off of a tank. Surprisingly, this seems to happen on Kashyyyk rather than on Boz Pity. But that's a minor detail - we don't actually see him die. And indeed, in Dark Horse's SW Tales #11 "Ghost", we see young Han Solo get saved from a swoop gang by an mysterious old man. And he is none other than our very own Quinlan Vos. So he survivided the Purge, and I actually fixed that detail earlier, but now someone has put him back to the dead list. Right now I don't have the energy to fix that (and Quinlan's biography), but maybe someone else could do that? If you need extra assurance about him not being dead, go to jediquinlan.com and read the biography...

 * He is dead. Star Wars Tales comics are not a part of Star Wars continuity. Sorry. -- Jon Hart
 * Actually, Star Wars Tales is now considering canon. I think #11 is still the pre-canon decision, but I know all new ones are. Just gotta be careful with that now. Hengeworks 01:12, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

Look in Star Wars republic 83...-gpigr

 * Right. Now he's alive again. ;) Jon Hart 19:36, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

More errors
There's no mention of Anakin turning to the dark side, although I suppose it's explained by sub-text. Still, maybe a little bit of smoothing out would read better. More importantly, Yoda and Obi Wan didn't return to de-activate the beacon until *after* order 66. In fact it's mentionned twice. Someone want to sort this or shall I? --Kyle Dantarin 08:44, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

EDIT- latest change is a bad link, and fixing it only links back to this page (order 66 redirects here).

About "order 66"
Isn't the number a barely hidden reference to 666? I was thinking that "order 666" is too long (and beside that maybe too obvious), and "order 6" too short. If it is the case, shouldn't it be mentionned somewhere? Fafner 14:44, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I've noticed that too. If you can find a source that thinks so feel free to mention it in the article. --NormalAsylum (talk) 15:13, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

If I had had a source I would already have edited the article ;-) It's just an idea that popped up in my mind while I was watching the movie... Fafner 06:18, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

There is definitely a parallel...although when I first saw the movie I chalked it up to George's lack of an imagination. ddcrandall

More than likely, knowing the political tone of the series, I would suspect it is a reference to Executive Order 9066 which was a presidential executive order issued during World War II to send Japanese Americans to internment camps. Rreuss (talk) 20:39, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

Surviving Padawans
What do you think, should padawans who survived the Purge be added to the survivors list, even though they never officially reached the rank of Jedi Knight? Nitpicking, I know, but it'd be nice to hear what you lot think... I know at least one Jedi-in-training who survived, namely Kam Solusar.

 * I'm sure that other Jedis are not "presumed dead" because no Jedi was a suvivor of Order 66, only Obi-Wan and Yoda are the only ones mentioned to survive the Purge. DarthPlaegis, 8:40, August 7, 2005

 * In my opinion, all younglings, Padawans, Knights, and Masters who survived the purge should be included. Unfortunately, DarthPlaegis, that number is quite substantial. Jon Hart 18:01, 12 November 2005 (UTC)

I am curous about where we can find the narrative of the Purge in the Jedi temple. I read about Anakin killing people but can find no source for it, i.e. Cin Drallig, Jocasta Nu in the book or the movie. Thank you.

 * Read the book again, then play the video game. Jon Hart 00:37, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Fall of the Jedi Edits and Page Problems
I rewrote significant portions of the Fall of the Jedi section because it contained, among other things: bad writing, grammatical mistakes, factual errors, speculation, and overlaps with other articles. There seem to be other problems with this article, including the misplacment of the table of victims, which I can't seem to fix. As such, I am disputing this article until the changes can be made and the article fixed. There are problems throughout. ddcrandall

 * Why did you wipe out the section on the clone trooper tactics, removed the details on the interaction between Vader and Palpatine, and also deleted the paragraph on Yoda and Kenobi? --maru (talk) contribs 05:39, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * My first intention was to edit it. The section was tantamount to prose as it contained basically storytelling of what happened leading up to the purge. Secondarily, I thought much of this information was unnecessary, as it all came before the purge. Also, the section was badly written, and carried numerous grammatical mistakes. Of a minor concern, many of the words had been changed to their British counterparts: lightsaber to lightsabre, etc. I felt that the most efficient option would be to delete most of the section and start from scratch, if other people felt the story was necessary. The information on Kenobi and Yoda was speculation about their feelings regarding the best way to defeat the Empire, and was unsubstantiated. The clone trooper tactics were similar in that regard, and carried a few factual errors. ddcrandall

 * Well, the events antecedent to the Purge need to be described, as they are vital to an understanding of the Purge proper; we can't foist off on the reader a link to ROTS and a directive to read the plot summary carefully, after all. And I think the clone paragraph should be restored, but maybe as part of a larger section. There doesn't seem to be much discussion of how the Purge was implemented, which is a decent topics in its own right. --maru (talk) contribs 06:58, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * My main problem wasn't with the content, just the way it was written. The stuff with Yoda and Kenobi has got to go. Nowhere in the canon or EU does it say that stuff (I could be wrong, but there weren't sources, either). I'll try and rewrite the other sections, removing the bad writing, grammar mistakes, etc. After that is done, I think the disputed tag can come down. Doug 09:27, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I rewrote the sections that I deleted with the exception of the last paragraph involving Yoda and Obi-Wan. Does anyone know why the table of known victims appears at the end of the article? Doug 09:53, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I suspect because it is too much detail. --maru (talk) contribs 19:43, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Ferus Olin
Would Ferlus Olin be considered a survivor, considering he was no longer a member of the Jedi Order at the time? I was going to add a small note in the survivors section on this, but I wasn't sure if I should. I also noticed he was added into the missing in action section. He location has now been revealed in the Last of the Jedi series.

Star Wars and the Knights Templar
A good idea, but desperatly needs editing and sourcing. One glaring mistake is in saying the Templars were all arrested AND executed on the same day. Not true. Fergananim 15:50, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * It looks to me to be original research, which is a no-no. It reads like a high school essay, and seems to me to be a mishmash of urban legends (the Friday the 13th thing), Dan Brown's conspiracy theories and grasping at straws (comparing the Clone Wars to the Crusades).  So I have added that flag to the section as well.  If it doesn't get cited/referenced, then it should be deleted. --DarthBinky 17:22, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Removed the section, per this discussion and the earlier one above ("Mythic Parallels"- which I hadn't previously seen). --DarthBinky 18:48, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Ki-adi rots.jpg
Image:Ki-adi rots.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 16:47, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Vader march.jpg
Image:Vader march.jpg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images lacking such an explanation can be deleted one week after being tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 10:50, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

Windu's Stance Toward Palpatine
Having recently watched the film (and coincidentally fuzzy-memory-ing it), was Windu really ready to kill Palpatine when Anakin arrived? I know he (Windu) resolved to kill him (Palpatine) before getting hand-lopped, but he had also previously declared him under arrest. If he still had the arrest-only stance when Anakin came onto the scene, then the article needs to be fix'd. T.J. Fuller, Jr. (talk) 22:19, 3 September 2008 (UTC) Alright, reading Anakin's Wikipedia page, Windu was in arrest-mode when the Darth came in. Gonna change the article without fluffing it up too much. T.J. Fuller, Jr. (talk) 22:22, 3 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Now reads:
 * "... Sidious quickly and effortlessly kills all but Windu, who defeats him. As Windu reasserts Palpatine's arrestment, however, Anakin suddenly enters the room while Palpatine is apparently pleading for his own life. ... Before Windu can strike down the Chancellor after fending off a sneak attack by the Darth, Anakin severs Windu's hand with his lightsaber; Sidious springs to life, blasting Windu with a torrent of Force lightning, which throws him out the window to his apparent death."
 * It seems kinda wordy, and I originally used the term "Force lightning", but it was used so closely later that it'd seem redundant. I included "by the Darth" because "sneak attack" by itself sounds like ninjas assaulted him or something, and "by the Sith" would implicate the order rather than Palpatine/Sidious alone. T.J. Fuller, Jr. (talk) 22:33, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

Plo Koon and survivors
The survivors section was edited several times to state that Ploo Koon was among the survivors. I've reverted this, since all the info I found on the fanpages linked from Wikipedia indicate he died. Plus this was coming from a single-purpose account. Since there are sources to the contrary for this fact, so only re-add it when you can cite it well. Averell (talk) 17:30, 9 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Removed that again. Writing an unsourced story around it doesn't make it any better. Averell (talk) 14:05, 10 December 2008 (UTC)

Final kill of the purge
Is Obi Wan considered the 'final kill' of the purge as he dies during the duel with Vader on DS1? If not, whom is considered the final kill? When does the purge end, at the conclusion of Ep 3? I assumed the purge continued until all but Yoda and Kenobi were killed, sometime prior to Ep 4.

Low Importance?
Who keep saying this article is of "low importance"? Umm, hey guys, whoever is paying attention, the Great Jedi Purge is a CENTRAL, DEFINING EVENT of the Star Wars Universe, having a Star Wars section on Wikipedia without reference to it is like having a World War II article with no mention of Pearl Harbor. If somebody wants to argue that Wikipedia shouldn't have a Star Wars section okay, but as long as it does this event must be chronicled. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.170.95.176 (talk) 17:26, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

Other Names
Excuse me, but those "other names" (Order 66 and Operation: Knightfall) are not alternate names but events in the purge. They should be removed. I will do so if no on objects. — Excelsior,   The Flash  - ( Talk to me, talk to me, talk to me bay-bay! ) 03:07, 11 April 2009 (UTC)

Clumsy Writing
In the infobox table, under Jedi casualties, we have 'All Jedi except for Obi-Wan Kenobi, Yoda, Rahm Kota and others.'

Changed into alternate wording, that reads 'All the Jedi died except for this one, this one, that one, and a load more.' It doesn't really read very well, and could be written a lot different. The vast majority of Jedi, or something like that.

Banner
Under the section title "Expanded Universe", there is a banner that says, "This section may only interest a specific audience." Um, the entire article, and for that matter all of Wikipedia, only interests a specific audience, so what the fuck? ~Rayvn 19:36, 3 October 2010 (UTC)

Creation Of The Clones......
From watching the films and reading some of the expanded universe stuff, (which is on the whole badly written, trite and contrived pap), there is a underlying plot concerning Palpatine/the creation of the clones/order 66 and the whole balance of the force thing.

The whole plot revolves around an extended timecale of Palpatine/Darth Sidious putting in motion plans using the Jedi mentioned in Attack of the Clones (the one who got the cloners to create the clone army and who presumably removed the cloners planet from the Jedi archive...... and then was killed before The Phantom Menace....... however many years that was), incorporating Order 66 and Palpatine's Dark Side premonitions of the future.........

This would also infer Palpatine knew, or at least foresaw the whole Anakin 'Balance of the force' crap..... But didn't see the 'Darth Vader develops a conscience' bit of Return Of The Jedi......

Forgive me if I'm pointing out something overtly obvious..... But I've trawled the whole Star Wars thing on Wiki, and no one seems to have pointed this out...... Not in the Talk Pages, or in the articles.......

If I am wrong, please point it out and I'll read and digest the well written treatise, if not..... can someone put in some kind of 'dark side/palpatine/darth sidious' timeframe on what happenened before The Phantom Menace?

213.122.95.144 (talk) 03:28, 11 December 2010 (UTC).

What happened to Captain Rex?
There is no story to suggest what happened to Captain Rex? Might he obeyed the 66 order or not? some suggested he disobeyed the 66 order and went into hiding but no one know what happened to him?Davblc7 (talk) 17:12, 11 August 2011 (UTC)

 * He wasn't a Jedi and the new canon shows him joining with the Rebels in Season 2 of Star Wars: Rebels. He also establishes that he pried the chip out of his skull and did not take part in 66. And sorry, I know it's stale.

Anakin joined to save his life
This article says, "It was mentioned by George Lucas in the Revenge of the Sith DVD commentary that Anakin thought he was doing the right thing saving Palpatine's life when he cut off Windu's hand with his lightsaber. However, Anakin did not think that Palpatine would kill Windu, and as a result of Windu's death Anakin believed that he had gone too far to be forgiven. To save his life, he had no other choice but to join with Palpatine."

Where in the commentary is this said. It is not what is said as Anakin turns. Lucas restates that Anakin did so to save Padme. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.130.17.187 (talk) 03:47, 2 October 2012 (UTC)

The commentary does, indeed, say this. (It was either the commentary, or the bonus footage). ToaJuaraevo (talk) 19:52, 2 October 2012 (UTC)

Rename
This event is only called the Jedi Purge in non-canon books, and is called Order 66 in movies and TV shows. I call that this page be renamed Order 66 (Star Wars). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.46.199.251 (talk) 11:44, 26 September 2015 (UTC)

current cannon vs legends
Can the dynamic list of surviving Jedi be updated so its clear which Jedi survived in the now official cannon and which survived in the legends universe.222.153.246.253 (talk) 06:25, 31 December 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Great Jedi Purge


text:
Category:Lieutenancy areas of Scotland

 * The Lord Lieutenancy areas of Scotland — ceremonial local government.

title: Category:Lieutenancy areas of Scotland


text:
User talk:Nadavspi

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Sorry about that. My general procedure is to greet any logged-in user with a redlink to their talk page, so I occasionally get a few false positives. Best wishes, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 17:22, 2004 Aug 4 (UTC)

Template:Albumbox
Hi, just to let you know, the new albumbox template is still in the "testing phase", and there are still some issues to be settled. There may still be some tweaks to be made to it, so it shouldn't really be used in actual articles just yet. Soon, but not yet. - 22:33, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC) Lee (talk)

Hello
Hello, were you talking to me when you sent this message?: "Please stop adding nonsense to the Wikipedia. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. Nadavspi 00:14, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)" If so, what was it about?

Replied on User talk:AndrewClark: When I spot vandalism in recent changes, after fixing it, I usually leave a message/warning on the user's talk page. Since I only monitor anonymous users (meaning they're not    logged in), it is possible that someone else was previously using your IP address. If you know you didn't vandalise any pages, you have nothing to worry about. Thanks and welcome to Wikipedia. :)

RfA nomination
Hi Nadavspi,

Just wanted to say thanks for the vote of support at RfA. It looks like I've made the cut, and I look forward to serving Wikipedia. –spencer195 17:37, 29 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Esperanto
Hi,

I got a welcome message from you. How is it going? even such messages are generated by volunteers? I am glad to see you learn esperanto. This is what I am also busy with. Though not much time for such activities and even wikipedia. Best, Peterbodo 16:37, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Saluton Nadavspi! Mi trovis vin cxe Translation of the week. Mi travojagxas multajn Vikipediiojn, vidu he:& ktp. Se vi komprenas la germanan lingvon bv. alrigardi he:&. Mi sercxas artikolojn simalajn al tiuj menciatajn cxe fr:Discuter:Antoine de Saint-Exupery. Cxu ekzistas artikolo(j) en he: rilate en:Juan Luís Vives? Cxu ekzistas simila kategorio por Category:Iceland? Salutojn el Munkeno sendas al vi Gangleri 00:23, 2004 Nov 6 (UTC)
 * Dankon pro la respondo. Mi ne komprenas la hebrean lingvon kvankam mi dum jaroj legis librojn en la jida kiam mi logxis en Rumanio. Cxar mi ne certas krei kategorion en he: por Islando, mi petus vin fari tion. Mi nur decxifris la artikolojn rilate hundaj rasoj. Eble vi povus enmeti kiel cxefartikolojn la artikolojn Iceland kaj Icelandic language. Antauxdankon! Ne hezitu kontakti min (ie ajn) se mi povas helpi al vi. Salutas vin Gangleri 02:33, 2004 Nov 6 (UTC)

Why cannot one talk about the Nova Help-Alfabeto? Isn't it a writing system? Maybe the text was too long, I'll rewrite it in a shorter version.

User_talk:Nadavspi/wel
Hmm... I don't know whether you see a new message at User_talk:Nadavspi/wel as a "new message!", so I figured I'd alert you here to the presence of that one there. And thanks. :-)     —msh210 22:59, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Kazan
Hi! Could you (or someone else) translate (briefly) this article to Hebrew and Esperanto, if it is able for you, of corse. Note, than native spell of Kazan is Qazan, so for Hebrew article in Kazan's name Hebrew Q's equivalent should be used. Thanks. --Untifler 20:02, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Wikinews demo up and running
Hi!

I'm writing to let you know that the Wikimedia Board of Trustees has approved the first stage of the Wikinews project. There's now a fully operational English demo site at demo.wikinews.org. This will be used for experimenting with various review models and basic policies before the site is launched officially in about a week. demo.wikinews.org will become the English version later. You voted for the Wikinews project, so I'm asking for your participation now. Everything is open, nothing is final. What Wikinews will and can be depends in large part on you. There already is a global Wikinews mailing list for discussing the project. If you are interested at all, please subscribe -- coordination is of key importance. There's also an IRC channel #wikinews on irc.freenode.net. Realtime discussion can help to polish up articles. If you're looking for something to do, check out the articles in development and articles in review. Or start a new story in the Wikinews workspace, or ignore the proposed review system - it's up to you. I hope you'll join us soon in this exciting experiment.--Eloquence* 02:00, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Opeth
Hi! Why did you remove the categories I added? I would like to hear a valid reason if you decide to remove them again... --Sjv27 21:25, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

OK, I see, thanks for the explanation :)--Sjv27 22:00, 29 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Winter-een-mas
I'm sorry, but I don't understand how adding Winter-een-mas to the calendar is nonsence. Winter-een-mas as a holiday is a very real thing to many people, just because you don't celebrate doesn't mean it doesn't exist. The whole purpose of Wiki (as it seems to me) is to allow all people to spread information and I don't see why Winter-een-mas should be discluded from the calendar. - 216.58.19.59 (talk)

Carmelit
Hello Nadav, I'm from the german wikipedia and I search photos from the Carmelit (Metro Haifa) for the Wikimedia Commons. Are you can ask a user in the hebrew wikipedia whether can load up some pictures (I can't read the hebrewa wp ;-) ). Thanks --Jcornelius15:23, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

VFD
Hey Nadav, I was wondering whether you might have an interest in voting in Votes for deletion/Anti-globalization and Anti-Semitism. Best, SlimVirgin (talk) 02:08, Apr 5, 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
Thank you. Bla bla bla. Mindspillage (spill yours?) 02:25, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Question
Nadavspi,

How did you know I made a change to the Paris Hilton page? I just found Wikipedia and wanted to do a test to see what would happen if I put something silly into a page. It was corrected in about 45 seconds.

Thanks
Nadavspi,

I found the response you put on my IP's talk page. Pretty cool. This is a great concept and I plan to look around and learn more.

Rex

California Mission Clash of Cultures
Hi Nadav,

I reverted your changes to this page as the encoding you added to replace the "quotes" comes through as gibberish-maybe a technical problem? Also took out the unneeded apostrophe in the book title (Today's-->Todays).

--Lordkinbote 01:56, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

University of Limerick
Why did you remove the + from in front of the 353? This is a well recognised "place your international dialling code here" sign, as used in mobile phones and other applications. Good catch on the spelling error though. Dowlingm 03:32, 2 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Humanbot
I caught you not checking edits with Humanbot. "childrens'" turns into "children's'" and you didn't notice. Please check all your edits in the future. r3m0t talk 10:06, Jun 2, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks Nadavspi
Thanks for your support on my Adminship request.Seabhcán 09:30, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Thank you
Hi Nadavspi!

This is kinda overdue, but thank you for your support vote on my RFA. Thanks to everyone who supported me, I am now an admin, and I have been using my powers to help further Wikipedia. Thank you! Linuxbeak | Talk | Desk 23:41, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)

RfA 2 for Alkivar
Please see Requests for adminship/Alkivar 2. —RaD Man (talk) 3 July 2005 19:16 (UTC)

Image:Bloodbath-Resurrection.jpg
Hello, Nadavspi. An automated process has found and removed an image or media file tagged as nonfree media, and thus is being used under fair use that was in your userspace. The image (Image:Bloodbath-Resurrection.jpg) was found at the following location: User:Nadavspi/Resurrection Through Carnage. This image or media was attempted to be removed per criterion number 9 of our non-free content policy. The image or media was replaced with Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg, so your formatting of your userpage should be fine. Please find a free image or    media to replace it with, and or remove the image from your userspace. User:Gnome (Bot)-talk 06:39, 15 May 2007 (UTC)

Image:Opeth MAYH.jpg
Hello Nadavspi, an automated process has found an image or media file tagged as nonfree media, such as fair use. The image (Image:Opeth MAYH.jpg) was found at the following location: User:Nadavspi/sandbox. This image or media will be removed per statement number 9 of our non-free content policy. The image or media will be replaced with Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg, so your formatting of your userpage should be fine. The image that was replaced will not be automatically deleted, but it could be deleted at a later date. Articles using the same image should not be affected by my edits. I ask you to please not readd the image to your userpage and could consider finding a replacement image licensed under either the Creative Commons or GFDL license or released to the public domain. Thanks for your attention and cooperation. User:Gnome (Bot)-talk 03:31, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Image:Opeth morningrise.jpg
Hello Nadavspi, an automated process has found an image or media file tagged as nonfree media, such as fair use. The image (Image:Opeth morningrise.jpg) was found at the following location: User:Nadavspi/Sandbox. This image or media will be removed per statement number 9 of our non-free content policy. The image or media will be replaced with Image:NonFreeImageRemoved.svg, so your formatting of your userpage should be fine. The image that was replaced will not be automatically deleted, but it could be deleted at a later date. Articles using the same image should not be affected by my edits. I ask you to please not readd the image to your userpage and could consider finding a replacement image licensed under either the Creative Commons or GFDL license or released to the public domain. Thanks for your attention and cooperation. User:Gnome (Bot)-talk 03:32, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Image:Nadavspi1.jpg listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, Image:Nadavspi1.jpg, has been listed at. Please look there to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. Yonatan talk 01:50, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:SystemOfADown_AlbumCover.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:SystemOfADown_AlbumCover.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. — Rlest  (formerly Qst) 16:41, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Opeth BWP.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:Opeth BWP.jpg. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:SystemOfADown AlbumCover.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:SystemOfADown AlbumCover.jpg. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Opeth orchid.jpg
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 Thanks for uploading File:Bloodbath-Resurrection.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

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ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:13, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nadavspi


text: Category:Puppetry

title: Category:Puppetry


text:
Category:Greek letters

Greek letters are frequently used for scientific and symbolic purposes. This category is intended as a list of the Greek letters; details on their usage can be found in their individual articles.

title: Category:Greek letters


text:
List of colonial governors of Gabon

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

See below for continuation 1886 to 17 August 1960

For continuation after independence, see: Heads of State of Gabon

title: List of colonial governors of Gabon


text:
File:James H Bell.jpg

James H. Bell of Buck v. Bell.

Picture scanned directly from Paul B. Popenoe, "The Progress of Eugenic Sterilization," Journal of Heredity, 25:1 (1934), 23.

Fair use for the article Buck v. Bell -- simple headshot of the defendant in a historical U.S. Supreme Court case. No known free images which could stand in its place, likely does not defraud any copyright holders.

title: File:James H Bell.jpg


text:
Yoji Shinkawa

Yoji Shinkawa (新川洋司) is a Japanese artist. He is best known as the lead character and mecha designer for the Metal Gear franchise. He has collaborated with Hideo Kojima on many of his games.

Biography
Shinkawa was born in Hiroshima on December 25, 1971. He began working at Konami after graduating from Kyoto Seika University. He first worked as a debugger for the PC-98 version of Policenauts. He moved on to serve as art director for the later console ports of the game, and as the lead character and mecha designer for the Metal Gear series. He served as the art director for all Metal Gear Solid games, while providing character designs for Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops and Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance. He is the lead artist and character designer for Kojima Productions.

Shinkawa was inspired by anime and manga artists like Yoshikazu Yasuhiko and Yoshitaka Amano, and western artists such as Frank Miller, Aubrey Beardsley and Willy Pogany. He drew inspiration from French artists such as Mœbius. Shinkawa used felt-tip pens, especially the Pentel Brush Pen, as well as Adobe Photoshop and Corel Painter. He is a fan of heavy metal, and artists such as Megadeth, Rage, Killswitch Engage and Yngwie Malmsteen.

Novels

 * Urban Hercules (illustrations)
 * Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker (cover and interior illustrations)
 * Metal Gear Solid Substance I: Shadow Moses (cover illustration)
 * Metal Gear Solid Substance II: Manhattan (cover illustration)
 * Metal Gear Solid: The Phantom Pain (cover illustration)
 * Point of Impact (cover illustration, 2013 Fusosha Mystery edition)

Films

 * Godzilla: Final Wars (monster and mecha designs)
 * Pacific Rim (Poster design, Japanese release)

Toys

 * Frame Arms/Frame Arms Girl (mecha/character design for Byakko)
 * Project M (mecha/character designer for Takara Tomy)

Trading cards

 * Magic: The Gathering – Kamigawa: Neon Dynasty (Satoru Umezawa)
 * Magic: The Gathering – Special Guest: Yoji Shinkawa Secret Lair (Phyrexian Metamorph, Tezzeret the Seeker, Skullclamp, Solemn Simulacrum)

title: Yoji Shinkawa


text: User talk:81.218.40.100

title: User talk:81.218.40.100


text:
User talk:Tech0r

Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks.

title: User talk:Tech0r


text:
User talk:Peter sjoberg

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

title: User talk:Peter sjoberg


text: Category:Estonian athletes

title: Category:Estonian athletes


text:
Talk:Private IP address

Didn't I read on one of the multicast pages that 224.0.0.0 - 224.0.0.255 is also a non-routable address range? (It's just multi-cast, rather than unicast.)

So, shouldn't it be listed as some of the Private IP addresses?

-- LionKimbro

I agree. Private IP addresses could be considered a non-routable IP, though somewhat differently classed. Additionally, merging this topic would make it a bit easier for those seeking this information to find it.

-- Zigbigidorlu

title: Talk:Private IP address