text:
Talk:Support (mathematics)

In case I bugger it up, the union of the support and the kernel of a numerical function make up the domain of that function, correct? Dysprosia 10:12, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Hello I am confused by the statement in "Support": " Singular supports may also be used to understand phenomena special to distribution theory, such as attempts to 'multiply' distributions (squaring the Dirac delta function fails - essentially because the singular supports of two distributions to multiply should be disjoint)." Seems to me if you multiply two distributions whose support is disjoint, you will get zero. Is that not true? Seems to me that the problem in squaring a Dirac Delta has more to do with orders of infinity and limiting processes. Thanks Peter Pdn Feb 20, 2005 4:22 PM EST or 9:22 PM UTC I suppose

But the singular support is not the support. Charles Matthews 22:11, 20 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The "sing supp" is the support w.r.t. the subsheaf C∞ while "supp" is the support w.r.t. the subsheaf {0}. At least some links to sheaf seem necessary to me. MFH 02:14, 12 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Can the concept of support be applied to geometry? I think that would make a good graphical example for newcomers to the idea, if so. The intro is a little hard to parse — Omegatron 20:17, 19 October 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm doing some groundwork for expanding the GJK page. One of the core features of the algorithm is that it only relies on the support function for a specific geometric shape, which is a definition I'm not seeing on this page. Mathematically, this function should take in a vector V and return the point on the surface of the geometry that results in the largest value when you dot V with every point on the geometry's surface.

 * As examples: the support function of a sphere would always return normal(V) * radius; the support function of a box would always return one of the eight box vertices; the support function of a capsule/sphyl would always be a point on one of the two endcaps.

 * In this context, I believe the support function for non-convex shapes is undefined. Does anyone with a stronger math background than me want to confirm or correct any of this stuff, or point out which article it belongs in? I'd like to make sure that I correctly link the GJK article there for the relevant information. --Kyle Davis 18:40, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

Essential Support?
Can someone sanity check me on this? The quotes "smallest closed subset F of X such that f = 0 μ-almost everywhere outside F" and "largest open set on which f = 0 μ-almost everywhere" seem unsourced. Are they true? Certainly an arbitrary union of open sets is open (or equivalently the arbitrary intersection of closed sets is closed), but it is not clear to me that an arbitrary union of sets such that f = 0 a.e. will also be a set for which f = 0 a.e.

I checked the citation "Lieb, Elliott; Loss, Michael (2001). Analysis. Graduate Studies in Mathematics. 14 (2nd ed.). American Mathematical Society. p. 13. ISBN 978-0821827833." and they do not characterize it this way, I found it for free here. They define $\Omega^\sim$ to be the set of all open sets such that f = 0 a.e., and then defines the complement of the essential support to be the union over $\Omega^\sim$. But they do not imply that the complement of the essential support is itself in $\Omega^\sim$, while the article here on wiki does make this claim.

I'm suspicious the claim is untrue but even if true it certainly seems unjustified and unsourced. Thoughts?

help
I clicked this page thinking it was were I could get some SUPPORT for a math question!

qua! qua!
While this is clearly a special point, it is more precise to say that the transform qua distribution has singular support {0} [...]

Qua? --Abdull 04:41, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Support of a probability distribution
I don't like this sentence: "In particular, in probability theory, the support of a probability distribution is the closure of the set of possible values of a random variable having that distribution." In probability distribution it is defined better: "The support of a distribution is the smallest closed set whose complement has probability zero." --130.94.162.64 00:57, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

 * To add one more thing:
 * A point x is said to belong to the support of a distribution function F if for every $$ \epsilon\ > 0$$, we have:
 * $$ F(x + \epsilon\ ) + F(x - \epsilon\ ) > 0 $$. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Musically ut (talk • contribs) 13:10, 4 February 2007 (UTC).

Explanation?
I've taken some analysis, but can't follow this article. It opens
 * In mathematics, the support of a real-valued function f on a set X is sometimes defined as the subset of X on which f is nonzero. The most common situation occurs when X is a topological space (such as the real line) and f is a continuous function.

Staying with real-valued functions (e.g., f:R→R) it isn't clear to me if X is a set of real numbers, of real-valued functions, or what. That is, is this saying that the support, S, is defined as
 * $$S = \{ x \in X | f(x) \neq 0 \}$$

or is it something else? —Ben FrantzDale 13:40, 5 July 2006 (UTC)

Definitions?
"In mathematics, the support of a function is, in general, the set of points where the function is not zero. More specifically, a support of a function f from a set X to the real numbers R is a subset Y of X such that f(x) is zero for all x in X that are not in Y." The "in general" definition is narrower than the "[m]ore specifically" definition! (According to the latter, a function has several supports; according to the former, it has exactly one, which is the smallest possible one according to the latter definition.) Isn't that backwards? -- Army1987!! 09:11, 10 July 2008 (UTC)

 * I've deleted the second sentence. Clearly someone was confused. Michael Hardy (talk) 21:01, 18 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The article is still inconsistent in the definition: In "Formulation", it is said that a superset of a support is again a support, contradicting the Introduction's definition.--Roentgenium111 (talk) 22:48, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

Examples?
How about some examples, instead of talking in generalities all the time?

--212.139.126.204 (talk) 14:54, 18 July 2009 (UTC)

Compact support
I am not sure whether I understood something wrong or if I found a (widespread) mistake. Let us assume: Can any experienced mathematician correct either me or the article, please? --FDominec (talk) 19:43, 26 October 2009 (UTC)
 * We have a smooth function that is nonzero in the interval (-x, x) and zero in (-inf, -x) and (x, inf). As it is smooth, its value at -x or x has to be equal to its limit in this point, which is 0 by definition. Therefore, this function is obviously nonzero only at the open interval (-x, x).
 * A compact subset of real numbers has to be bounded.
 * Therefore, any such function can never have compact support, as there would have to be a discontinuity at -x, x.
 * (This can be probably extended to any smooth function.)

 * This doesn't seem right. First of all, support has nothing to do with continuity. It is simply the "closure" of a set where a function is nonzero. In other words, a function that is only nonzero on (-x, x) has a compact support, since it is nonzero on the open interval and therefore its support, the closure of the interval, is compact. -- Taku (talk) 22:46, 26 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I see, there is In mathematics, the support of a function is the set of points where the function is not zero, or the closure of that set. in the support article. As far as I can remember, we considered the support not to be a closure of anything at the school, just the set of nonzero points. Nevertheless, it should be rewritten more clearly. --FDominec (talk) 14:34, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes it could be better worder. Is this one definition (it's one or the other depending on context), or two competing definitions (some authors define it one way, other the other)? I'm guessing the latter, given what you say and that Wolfram Mathworld only gives the closure version. In that case, which definition has been chosen for this Wikipedia article? Dependent Variable (talk) 13:38, 2 March 2011 (UTC)

Definition/source
"In mathematics, the support of a function is the set of points where the function is not zero-valued, or the closure of that set.[1]:678".

In "[1]:678" it states:
 * "The support of a continuous function u is the closure of the set {x | u(x) =/= 0} and is denoted by the symbol supp(u)."

Thus the given source doesn't source wp's definition, as "function" and "continuous function" is something different. So either wp's definition has to be changed or another source has to be given. Futhermore "set [...] not zero-valued, or the closure of that set" partly implies that one can choice (maybe based on different definitions) which set it is or that the author/wp doesn't know which set it is. Accourding to the mentioned source it's always the closure of that set (though the closure of that set might be the same as that set).-Yodonothav (talk) 10:37, 26 November 2012 (UTC)

Vanishing at infinity
I think this sentence, from the Compact Support section, is problematic: "Functions with compact support in X are those with support that is a compact subset of X. For example, if X is the real line, they are functions of bounded support and therefore vanish at infinity (and negative infinity)." While technically it is true that such functions vanish at infinity, it is a weak statement—they vanish considerably sooner than infinity.

I initially thought that "and therefore [the functions] vanish at infinity" was intended as justification for why functions of bounded support also have compact support. I realized my mistake as soon as I clicked "vanish at infinity" and read the definition. There is no further mention of vanishing at infinity, so I think that it is distracting to bring it up at all. Does anyone else feel the same way? I don't usually edit Wikipedia (except to correct grammar or spelling), so I'm not sure what to do about this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 137.22.232.216 (talk) 21:58, 17 January 2013 (UTC)

Definition
I have changed "and" to "or" in the definition. The definition doesn't seem to make sense with an "and" in it. There can be several meanings of "support", but (within one chosen meaning) "the support" has to be either ... or ... Bj norge (talk) 09:39, 2 July 2013 (UTC)

Confusion
There seems to be a contradiction between the definition at the top (support "is the set of points where the function is not zero-valued, or the closure of that set" - taking into account the definition of closure) and the later statement that "any superset of a support is also a support". If the term is used with many different meanings then this should be made clear from the beginning in such a way that the article is self-consistent. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.76.7.215 (talk) 14:39, 26 September 2013 (UTC)

 * I made some edits to address some of the points above, but I agree that there's still some confusion between a support for a function and the support. Maybe this is due, in part, to the term "support" being used in different ways in different areas? Reader634 (talk) 21:09, 12 January 2014 (UTC)
 * I reworked the section on "Formulation" since (lacking references) I don't believe it's usual to define supports so that "any superset of a support is also a support". Reader634 (talk) 07:47, 14 January 2014 (UTC)

question/suggestion
My immediate reaction to the current intro paragraph is to ask the next classic big ‘W’: why? Why is it all but those that map to zero? What is the purpose?? A good overview intro should answer the questions what, why, where and possibly who and do all those things in simple terms. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:387:6:805:0:0:0:B1 (talk) 15:03, 13 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Support (mathematics)


text: User talk:211.27.78.204

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:211.27.78.204


text:
If P&C Insurance

If P&C Insurance Company Ltd. is a property and casualty insurance company with approximately 3.8 million customers in Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. In 2013, the group had gross premiums written of SEK 39 billion and 6,830 employees.

History
If P&C Insurance was formed in 1999 through the merger of the property and casualty insurance operations of Storebrand of Norway and Skandia of Sweden. In 2001, If and Sampo’s property and casualty insurance operations merged.

In 2002, Torbjörn Magnusson was appointed President and CEO.

In the Spring of 2004, Sampo acquired Storebrand's, Skandia's and Skandia Liv's holdings of If shares.

title: If P&C Insurance


text:
Manuel Torres

Manuel Torres may refer to:

Government and politics

 * Manuel Torres (diplomat) (1762–1822), first Colombian ambassador to the United States
 * Manuel Montt (1809–1880), Torres, president of Chile between 1851 and 1861
 * Manuel A. Torres (born 1965), Puerto Rican politician

Sports

 * Manuel Torres (equestrian) (born 1957), Colombian Olympic equestrian
 * Manuel Torres (footballer, born 1930) (1930–2014), Spanish footballer
 * Manuel Torres (footballer, born 1978) (born 1978), Panamanian footballer
 * Manuel Torres (footballer, born 1991), Spanish footballer
 * Juan Manuel Torres (born 1985), Argentine footballer

Others

 * Manuel Torre or Manuel Torres (1878–1933), flamenco singer
 * Manuel Torres Félix (1958–2012), Mexican criminal
 * Constantino Manuel Torres, archaeologist
 * Manuel R. Torres, Spanish researcher

title: Manuel Torres


text:
Manuel Montt

Manuel Francisco Antonio Julián Montt Torres (September 4, 1809 – September 21, 1880) was a Chilean statesman and scholar. He was twice elected President of Chile between 1851 and 1861.

Biography
Montt was born in Petorca, Valparaíso Region, the son of Catalan immigrants. His family was very poor, and in 1822 the death of his father increased their hardship. The same year, Manuel's mother secured his entrance into the Instituto Nacional (National Institute, where he would later serve as rector from 1835 to 1840), though he could only afford the fees by tutoring other students. After studying law at the Instituto Nacional, he graduated as a lawyer in 1833 and soon achieved prominent academic and government posts.

Montt had a distinguished career as a scholar, and was introduced into public life during the presidency (1831–1841) of José Joaquín Prieto by Diego Portales. Montt distinguished himself by his courage in the crisis that followed upon Portales' assassination in 1837, though only holding a subordinate post in the government. In 1840, Montt was elected to the National Congress of Chile. He served as minister of the interior and  minister of justice under President Manuel Bulnes (in office from 1841 to 1851). He emphasized the need for educational and scientific progress in the Chile, and was Minister of public instruction for a time. He was also twice Minister of Interior and Foreign Affairs during the Bulnes administration.

In 1849, botanist Claude Gay named Monttea, a genus of flowering plants from Argentina and Chile, belonging to the family Plantaginaceae in Manuel Montt's honour.

Presidency
In 1851 Montt won the Chilean presidency, but the liberals regarded his election as fraudulent and instigated an armed revolt, the Revolution of 1851, which was quickly subdued. Montt represented the conservative oligarchy and was authoritarian and inflexible in his beliefs, but he also worked for the economic and social progress of his nation. He angered the conservatives when he asserted the state's right of patronage in Chile's Roman Catholic Church and when he supported the abolition of restrictions on the sale or bequeathing of landed estates. His administration made advances in commerce and banking, codified Chilean laws, strongly promoted public education and immigration, and colonized the area south of the Bío-Bío River.

Manuel Montt, as Chile's first civilian president, furthered the reforms begun by Diego Portales. With Vicente Perez Rosales, the Minister of Immigration, he encouraged the settlement of German immigrants in the south of the country. The city of Puerto Montt, at the centre of the newly settled lands, honours his name. He governed Chile with an energy and wisdom that laid the foundation of her material prosperity. He was ably assisted by his minister of the interior Antonio Varas, and from the co-operation of the two statesmen the well-known ultra-conservative faction, the Montt-Varistas, took their name. His presidency featured the establishment of railways, telegraphs, banks, schools and training-colleges. Near the end of his second term, when Montt indicated a preference for Varas, his minister of the interior, to become his successor, liberals again staged an armed uprising (1859). Montt again subdued the revolt, but pacified the liberals by shifting his support to José Joaquín Pérez, who was a moderate.

Later life
On giving up the presidency in 1861, Montt became President of the Supreme Court of Chile, a position which he held up to his death in September 1880. Manuel Montt's nephew Jorge (born 1846) served as president of Chile in 1891–1896, as did Manuel Montt's son,  Pedro (died 1910), between 1906 and 1910.

Manuel Montt died in Santiago de Chile on September 21, 1880, he was 71 years old. He gives his name to the town of Puerto Montt.

title: Manuel Montt


text:
Talk:Colt Commando

Untitled
The Colt Commando is definietly not a submachine gun. Even though today most categories are blend (such as distinction between LMG and SAW) there is some-what an arbitary criteria to differ between extra-small bullpup\carbine assult rifle to SMGs: "SMG uses 9mm round." MathKnight 10:17, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I'd like to help. I'm new. I jumped in a little to quick, so I undid my changes and offer my apologies. I would like to contribute within the community spirit.

The Colt Commando is definately an assault rifle, regardless of the fact the Air Force marked their GAU-5's submachineguns. It meets the three classic criteria (select-fire, intermediate round, and high-capacity box-magazine) set by the German STG-44. To be a submachinegun, it would have to fire a pistol round. Colt offers such a weapon, the Colt Model RO635/RO639, which they label "9mm Submachine Gun" here: http://www.colt.com/mil/SMG.asp

Also, the article calling the Commando (Models 733, 933, 935) the same as the CAR-15 and XM-177 isn't quite accurate. As far as I can tell, Colt only marked the Model 609 XM-177E1 "Property of US Gov't / Commando Cal 5.56mm". The current Commando carbines differ markedly to the old 609, most distinctly in the lack of the large muzzle suppressor, less so in the sighting system and telescoping stock.

The CAR-15 moniker has been applied to almost every short-barreled version of the M16, starting with the Colt Model 607, which looks much different than the modern Commando and almost exactly like a shortened M16A1. It had a 10" barrel, triangular foregrip, and simpler telescoping stock.

The XM-177 introduced the blade-style telescoping stock; round, ribbed, forgrips; and the distinctive long muzzle device which was an attempt at reducing the deafening blast of the short barrel and increasing reliability.

There are other short M16's which could be included in a page covering the history of carbines which led to the M4 Carbine, but this is the end of the XM-177 series.

I will try to find some external images which will illustrate the difference; I doubt they will be able to be included directly in the final page.

This is only some of the information I have. I would be glad to know how I should contribute this to the current stub.

CAR-15 issue
"It started off with Colt names, Model 607 and CAR-15 Submachine Gun. Calling it a submachine gun was new trend in sub-machine gun naming, as a previous SMGs were all chambered for pistol, rather than rifle ammunition. Classifying very short assault rifles as SMG's has been common practice in a number of firearm books, though it is not universally accepted. In anycase, it soon got another name- Commando. By the time the contract for rifles was signed by the Army in 1966, CAR-15 SMG, or just CAR-15 was as close to official nomenclature as it had. CAR-15 would be printed on some early production models, and as well as in some field manuals. It would soon be getting more names, though new firearms were not identical to the initial models. In early 1967 the type got a type classification- XM177 and XM177E1 submachine guns;soon more variants would get even more names using Air Force nomenclature ('GAU prefix'). The term CAR-15 Assault Rifle was also used for a version that the Air Force did not accept."

First off, to my knowledge CAR-15 was not stamped onto any of these guns with the possible exception of the Model 607. For the most part these guns were either property marked or marked with their model number as was common for Colt weapons for commerical/export purposes of this period. There are important distinctions between the XM177, XM177E1, XM177E2, and the GAU series, and CAR-15 was never used officially as far as I've found in official literature by the USAF. That CAR-15 appeared on the contract only indicates that it had to be used in place of an official designation. AR-15 was for limited purchase 601s, but never for CAR-15 carbine models. The later guns in this series were stamped with SMG, Commando, or with their designation and a property mark. The USAF never adopted the 608 at all, only 10 are believed to be in existance total.

 * Well I will make an attempt at a more correct version, then we can talk about what issues remain. This is a good idea, since I made some mistakes in that draft (e.g. it was CAR-15 Survival Rifle not Assault). Ve3 23:59, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Where are we getting this info on "early field manuals"? I've never heard of about this all.  I also disagree that things are ever too  specific.  Its called accuracy.  People should learn the basics of at least the designated variants so this whole CAR-15 can become common knowledge unlike what it is now.  For instance, you made a mistake by saying the original "CAR-15s" were type classified in 1967.  This isn't true.  The XM177 and XM177E1 were developments on the 607, but were not the same gun.  thatguy96 20:12, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

 * There is a difference between using a name when talking about a family and using it to mean a specific version. Things are too specific when someone doesn't want to talk about a specific model, but a selection. If someone is trying to talk about a family, and they are too specific, then it is also innaccurate. Also, goverment type classifications are important, as are company designations, but both are only one level of accuracy and level of detail.

 * I didn't say ""CAR-15s" were type classified in 1967", and I specifically noted they were not identical:
 * However, it would soon be getting more names, though new firearms were not identical to the initial models. In early 1967 the type got a type classification

 * Its not totally clear even in your statement, as some might take 'CAR-15s '(plural) to mean 'commando derivatives being worked on at the time'.
 * I do like your idea of using Colt numbers for specific variants, but it is important to recognize the status of CAR-15 as a reference for the whole family (which is not covered by any single later type classification), and, for a time, a dominant name of the initial developmental military type. Its possible to be clear about specific models without going against common usage of general terms. Ve3 05:06, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I do not know of a case where it was ever the developmental military type. CAR-15 was the name applied to the whole family, there were CAR-15 rifles, CAR-15 HBARs, and so on.  The common usage of CAR-15 is a gross misnomer and is incorrect.  Colt has generally stuck to calling to calling their carbine models Commando (even export M4s which are all stamped M4 Commando), which is a far better term for all of this.  I still don't have an information on these "early field manuals" you mention and I would think these would have simply been Colt factory manuals supplied with the weapons and not official Army documents.  If they were I would have assumed that there would have been enough of them printed for there to be evidence of them at this level.  CAR-15 is a term in common usage, not an official term for anyone except Colt Firearms as far as I've seen.  The only weapon in this pattern to be adopted by any service by its commerical nomenclature was the AR-15 by the USAF.

 * The CAR-15 SMG was developmental military type (as in a "type" of "firearm" in "development" for the "military") in 1966:as in it was a work in progress for the goverment, and is what lead to the XM177 models in 67.
 * Describing the SMG model of the CAR-15 as simply CAR-15 is common practice whether we like it or not. Its not a misnomer any more then describing them all with 'XM177'- in both cases what was a more specific name is meant to refer to the whole family. Its important to note that the CAR-15 name comes from the CAR-15 program, and that there were other variants (such as the HBAR), but those are usually noted as such.
 * The use of the CAR-15 smg with goverment is also clear. It (CAR-15 smg) may have orginated with Colt- but the Commando designation is not official either. As for the manuals, they were printed by rock island IIRC. Ve3 17:48, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Rock Island and other government arsenals postwar began to work quite closely with private industry. The fact they were printing manuals for a non-standard weapon with the manufacturer's moniker means nothing to me.  It doesn't change the fact that this is not a government type standardization and is only part of the weapon's complete name as it came down from Colt.  RIA didn't create the name, Colt did.  I don't really understand what you're getting at, and I see us fighting about nothing really, except for the most important fact that the CAR-15, in part or in whole, was never an official US military designation.  It was simply using the manufacturer's moniker for a non-standard weapon system, which is not uncommon at all.  The US Army prints operator manuals for the AK-47, does this make AK-47 an official US designation?  thatguy96 12:55, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I did not think we were 'fighting', it is just a discussion about this firearm family. The naming of these just brings up a lot issues, especially with CAR-15 The choice of CAR-15 smg for a manual, is just a instance of use, not a type classification. It has significance to the early naming of the family, if only as a example of naming. Its may not be a 'official' name, it was just used to some degree by people involved with it (e.g. goverment officials, troops, colt ppl). 'Colt Commando' is not a government standardization either, and the later type classications can bring up naming issues too. Ve3 19:35, 22 November 2005 (UTC)

XM177E2 "grenade ring"
If you think the grenade ring was for launching rifle grandes. Then you need to explain the following statements:

How are you going to launch a rifle grenade over the moderator which has a larger diameter than 22mm?

Rifle grenades were phased out 10 years before the adoption of the XM177E2. We had the M79 to launch grenades.

The XM177E2 and XM148 both appeared in the spring of 1967.

Well I could easily have it mistaken, and I had the time-frame mistaken, but there is the simple fact of the matter that the stop is cupped, like most common rifle grenade rings on weapon barrels, so there is an equal need to explain this design if there was never any intention of a dual purpose. Just becaues the United States had phased out rifle grenades in regular army use by this point does not mean that rifles grenades were not an option by the intended users of the XM177 series. A rifle grenade offers a different set of advantages that low-velocity 40mm grenades from an M79, XM148 or M203 do not, just as those grenades offer advantages not possible with a rifle grenade. -- Thatguy96 17:05, 21 January 2006

Regarding wikify tag
This article contains much good information but the style of writing seems somewhat informal. I removed two instances of the phrase, ...a slew of..., but I also notice the word, moniker, for name, and other examples of informal usage. If there are editors actively working on this page maybe one would like to try to wikify the language. I would work on it myself but I have little knowledge on the topic and may mess things up. Thnx==killing sparrows 04:22, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Colt Commando


text:
Edmond Holmes

Edmond Gore Alexander Holmes (17 July 1850 – 14 October 1936) was an educationalist, writer and poet.

Biography
Holmes was born in Moycashel, County Westmeath, Ireland. His father was Robert Holmes and his mother was Jane Henn (1824-1905).

His The Creed of the Buddha (1908) is well known; he also wrote a pantheist text All is One: A Plea for a Higher Pantheism.

In 1901 he was a school inspector. Katherine Bathurst who had a troubled career was transferred from Wales to work under his supervision. Disputes between them includes expenses, timetables and Bathurst's objections to Holmes amending her reports. The Oxford Education Committee complained about her and she was given six months probation in February 1904 and in the following month female inspectors were moved to a new organisation as proposed by Robert Morant. Bathurst was sent to Manchester.

Holmes rose to become chief inspector for elementary schools in 1905. He resigned in 1911, over a confidential memorandum criticising school inspectors who had formerly been elementary school teachers. This angered the teachers' union and it led to the downfall of Robert Morant the permanent secretary to the Board of Education when it became public.

Holmes subsequent writings on education are taken as an early statement of "progressive" and "child-centred" positions, and are still cited. Later works come close to theosophy. For example, even a 1914 book review of his In Defence of What Might Be describes it as "pregnant with possibilities for the untrammeled soul of the growing child. A draft of fresh air into static pedagogy."

Words from his The Triumph of Love were set to music by the composer Charles Villiers Stanford, a friend.

Personal life
Holmes married Florence Mary Syme (d. 1927) in 1880 and they had three children, two daughters and a son. Daughter Verena Holmes went on to become a leading early woman engineer and only son Maurice Gerald Holmes(1885–1964) became a British civil servant.

Publications

 * Poems (1876)
 * Poems (1879)
 * A Confession of Faith. By an Unorthodox Believer (1895)
 * The Silence of Love (1901)
 * Walt Whitman's Poetry: A Study & A Selection (1902)
 * The Triumph of Love (1903)
 * The Creed of Christ (1905)
 * The Creed of the Buddha (1908)
 * What Is and What Might Be (1911)
 * The Creed of My Heart (1912)
 * The Montessori System of Education (1912)
 * In Defence of What Might Be (1914)
 * Sonnets to the Universe (1918)
 * Sonnets and Poems
 * Experience of Reality. A Study of Mysticism (1928)
 * Philosophy Without Metaphysics (1930)
 * The Headquarters of Reality. A Challenge to Western Thought (1933).

title: Edmond Holmes


text:
Jean Baptiste Antoine Auget de Montyon

Antoine Jean Baptiste Robert Auget, Baron de Montyon (23 December 1733 – 29 December 1820) was a French philanthropist, born in Paris.

Biography
His father was a maître des comptes; he was educated in law, and became a lawyer at the Châtelet in 1755, maître des requêtes to the Conseil d'État in 1760, and intendant successively of Auvergne, Provence and La Rochelle. He had repeatedly shown great independence of character, protesting against the accusation of Louis-René de Caradeuc de La Chalotais in 1766, and refusing in 1771 to suppress the local courts of justice in obedience to Maupeou. He was made a councillor of state in 1775 by the influence of Louis de Bourbon, duke of Penthièvre, and in 1780 he was attached to the court in the honorary office of chancellor to the comte d'Artois (afterwards Charles X). He followed the princes into exile, and lived for some years in London. During the emigration period he spent large sums on the alleviation of the poverty of his fellow immigrants, returning to France only at the second restoration.

Between 1780 and 1787 he had founded a series of prizes, the awards to be made by the French academy and the academies of science and medicine. These prizes fell into abeyance during the revolutionary period, but were re-established in 1815. In 1812 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London.

When Montyon died, he bequeathed 12,000 francs for the perpetual endowment of each of the Montyon prizes: for the discovery of the means of rendering some mechanical process less dangerous to the workman; for the perfecting of any technical improvement in a mechanical process; for the book which during the year rendered the greatest service to humanity; the "prix de vertu" for the most courageous act on the part of a poor Frenchman; the awards being left as before to the learned academies. He also left 12,000 francs to each of the Parisian hospitals.

Montyon wrote a series of works, chiefly on political economy:
 * Éloge de Michel de l'hôpital (Paris, 1777)
 * Recherches et considérations sur la population de la France (1778), a share of which is attributed to his secretary, Moheau
 * Rapport fait à Louis XVIII (Constance, 1796), in which he maintained in opposition to Calonne's Tableau de l'Europe that France had always possessed a constitution, which had, however, been violated by the kings of France
 * L'état statistique du Tunkin (1811) ; and Particularités... sur les ministres des finances en France (1812).

title: Jean Baptiste Antoine Auget de Montyon


text:
Boutet de Monvel

Boutet de Monvel or Monvel may refer to:
 * Anne Boutet de Monvel, French mathematician, married to Louis
 * Bernard Boutet de Monvel (1881–1949), French painter; son of Louis-Maurice
 * Jacques Marie Boutet de Monvel (1745–1812), French actor and dramatist better known as Jacques Marie Boutet
 * Louis Boutet de Monvel (1941–2014), French mathematician, married to Anne
 * Louis-Maurice Boutet de Monvel (1851–1913), French painter and illustrator
 * Roger Boutet de Monvel (1879–1951), French writer; son of Louis-Maurice

title: Boutet de Monvel


text:
Abana

Abana or ABANA may refer to:

Places

 * Abana District, Kastamonu Province, Turkey
 * Abana, Kastamonu, a town and district seat
 * Barada River, a river near Damascus identified as Abana in the Bible

People

 * Hisseine Abana (born 1983), Chadian footballer
 * Steve Abana (born 1969), Solomon Islands politician

Other uses

 * Abana (barque), a ship wrecked at Blackpool in 1894
 * Abana (leafhopper), a genus of sharpshooter (insect)
 * Artist-Blacksmith's Association of North America, a trade association
 * Abana (film), a 1958 Indian Sindhi-language film

title: Abana


text:
Jacques Marie Boutet

Jacques Marie Boutet (25 March 1745 – 13 February 1812) was a French actor and comic playwright from Lunéville. His pseudonym was Monvel. He was a small, thin man without good looks or voice, and yet he became one of the greatest comedians of his time.

Biography
After some years of apprenticeship in the provinces, he made his debut in 1770 at the Comédie-Française in Merope and Zenaide; he was received sociétaire in 1772. Monvel secretly left Paris for Sweden in 1781, as the head of a troupe of French actors. He became reader to the king, a post which he held for several years. Until 1786, he was the director for the French theatre in Bollhuset and had a great importance for the development for the organisation of the native Swedish theatre as the educator of the first Swedish actors for the Royal Dramatic Theatre, such as Fredrique Löwen, Lars Hjortsberg and Maria Franck, in the modern style of acting; among his troupe of French actors was Anne Marie Milan Desguillons, who was also to have a great importance to the life of the theatre in Sweden.

At the French Revolution he returned to Paris, embraced its principles with ardour, and joined the theatre in the rue Richelieu (the rival of the Comédie-Française), which, under Talma, with Dugazon, his sister Mme Vestris, Grandmesnil (1737–1816) and Mme Desgarcins, was soon to become the Théatre de la République.

After the Revolution, Monvel returned to the reconstituted Comédie-Française with all his old companions, but retired in 1807. Monvel was made a member of the Institute in 1795. He wrote six plays (four of them performed at the Comédie-Française), two comedies, and fifteen libretti for comic operas, seven with music by N. Dezde (1740–1792), eight by Nicolas Dalayrac (1753–1809). He also published an historical novel, Fredgonde et Brunehaut (1776). He was professor of elocution at the Conservatoire.

In the 1780s Monvel fled France and went into a brief exile in Sweden after he was caught making sexual assignations with men in the gardens of the Tuileries.

The actor's liaison with actress Jeanne-Marie-Marguerite Salvetat (aka Madame Mars cadette) produced one daughter, Anne-Françoise-Hippolyte Boutet Salvetat (known professionally as Mademoiselle Mars), who became a well-known actress.

Main works

 * 1772: Julie
 * 1773: L'Erreur d'un moment
 * 1775: L'Amant bourru
 * 1783: Blaise et Babet, ou la suite des Trois fermiers, (Read online)
 * 1785: Alexis et Justine
 * 1786: Les Amours de Bayard
 * 1788: Sargines ou l'Élève de l'amour, drame héroïque en quatre actes et en prose mêlé d’ariettes, music by Nicolas Dalayrac, created 14 May à l'Opéra-Comique (salle Favart)
 * 1789: Raoul, sire de Créqui, drame héroïque en trois actes et en prose mêlé d’ariettes, music by Nicolas Dalayrac, created 31 October at the Opéra-Comique (salle Favart)
 * 1790: Le Chêne patriotique ou la Matinée du 14 juillet 1790, impromptu in one act, music by Nicolas Dalayrac, created 10 July at the Opéra-Comique (salle Favart)
 * 1791: Agnès et Olivier, comédie lyrique in three acts and in prose, music by Nicolas Dalayrac, created 10 October at the Opéra-Comique (salle Favart)
 * 1791: Philippe et Georgette, comedy in one act and in prose mingled with ariettes, music by Nicolas Dalayrac, created 28 December at the Opéra-Comique (salle Favart)
 * 1792: Roméo et Juliette ou Tout pour l'Amour, drama in four acts and in prose, music by Nicolas Dalayrac, created 6 July at the Opéra-Comique (salle Favart).
 * 1793: Ambroise ou Voilà ma journée, comedy in one act and in prose mingled with ariettes, music by Nicolas Dalayrac, created 23 nivôse an I (12 January) at the Opéra-Comique (salle Favart)
 * 1793: Urgande et Merlin, opéra-féerie in three acts and in prose, music by Nicolas Dalayrac, created 23 vendémiaire an II (14 October) at the Opéra-Comique (salle Favart).
 * 1798: La Jeunesse du duc de Richelieu, le Lovelace français, with Alexandre Duval

title: Jacques Marie Boutet


text:
Greek Heroic Age

The Greek Heroic Age, in mythology, is the period between the coming of the Greeks to Thessaly and the Greek warriors' return from Troy. The poet Hesiod ( c. 700 BCE) identified this mythological era as one of his five Ages of Man. The period spans roughly six generations; the heroes denoted by the term are superhuman, though not divine, and are celebrated in the literature of Homer and of others, such as Sophocles, Aeschylus and Euripides.

The Greek heroes can be grouped into an approximate mythic chronology, based on the stories of events such as the Argonautic expedition and the Trojan War. Over the course of time, many heroes, such as Heracles, Achilles, Hector and Perseus, came to figure prominently in Greek mythology.

Early heroes
Many of the early Greek heroes were descended from the gods and were part of the founding narratives of various city-states. They also became the ancestors of later heroes. The Phoenician prince Cadmus, a grandson of Poseidon, was the first Greek hero and the founder of Thebes.

Perseus, famous for his exploits well before the days of his great-grandson, Heracles, was the son of Zeus. Perseus beheaded the gorgon Medusa, saved Andromeda from the sea monster Cetus, and was the legendary founder of Mycenae.

Aeacus was also a son of Zeus. Bellerophon was descended from the nymph Orseis. Oenomaus, king of Pisa, in the Peloponnese, was the son of Ares. Among these early heroes the three - Cadmus, Perseus and Bellerophon - were considered the greatest Greek heroes and slayers of monsters before the days of Heracles.

 * Aeacus
 * Bellerophon
 * Cadmus
 * Perseus
 * Electryon

Heroes in Art
Heroes in the Greek Heroic Age are often depicted on vases, expressing a portion of their story. Greek Hero Heracles is a popular icon among vases and paintings in early art. Moments in history from this period are also captured in statues, such as Perseus with the head of Medusa, the Statue of Achilles, and the Pasquino Group. Polykleitos of Argos is one famous Greek Sculptor that has transformed Greek myth through bronze and marble sculptures, and primarily created a system for reproductions of art to occur.

Argonauts
The myth of Jason and the Golden Fleece is one of the oldest stories of a hero's quest. Jason sailed on the Argo, and those who accompanied him were called the "Argonauts". Their mission was to travel to the kingdom of Colchis, on the Black Sea, to obtain the "Golden Fleece", a symbol of authority and kingship. With it, Jason would become king of Iolcos in Thessaly. The Argonauts: • Atalanta

• Autolycus

• Calais

• Castor and Pollux

• Echion

• Euphemus

• Euryalus

• Heracles

• Hylas

• Idas

• Idmon

• Jason (the leader)

• Laertes

• Lynceus

• Meleager

• Nestor

• Oileus

• Orpheus

• Peleus

• Periclymenus

• Poeas

• Polyphemus

• Telamon

• Theseus

• Tiphys

• Zetes

Calydonian boar hunt
A monstrous boar was sent by Artemis to ravage the region of Calydon in Aetolia because its king neglected to honour her in his rites to the gods. King Oeneus sent messengers seeking the best hunters in Greece, offering them the boar's pelt and tusks as a prize. A number of heroes responded, including Atalanta, Castor and Pollux, Jason, Laertes, Lynceus, Meleager (the host and boar killer), Nestor, Peleus, Phoenix, and Theseus. Many of them were also the "Argonauts". One notable exception was Heracles, who vanquished his own Goddess-sent Erymanthian boar separately.

Others
• Hippodamia

• Laius

• Minos

• Pelops

• Rhadymanthus

• Sarpedon

Generation of Oedipus
(about two generations before Troy)

The story of Oedipus is the basis of a trilogy of plays by Sophocles, however, similar stories have been traced to cultures all over the world. • Plisthenes

• Atreus

• Thyestes

• Chrysippus

• Copreus

• Oedipus

• Creon

• Laodamia

Generation of the Seven against Thebes
(about a generation before Troy)

Oedipus places a curse upon his sons Eteocles and Polynices. The underlying theme in the story of the "Seven Against Thebes" is the fulfilment of that curse. Although the brothers had agreed to share the rule of Thebes, when it is time for Eteocles to step aside he refuses, and Polynices brings an army against his beloved city to enforce his claim. In Aeschylus' play the concept of the individual vs. community becomes a central theme. In the Phoenissae (The Phoenician Women), patriotism is a significant theme. • Adrastus

• Amphiaraus

• Capaneus

• Hippomedon

• Parthenopaeus

• Polynices

• Tydeus

• Adrastus

• Creon

• Megareus

• Periclymenus

• Melanippus

• Polyphontes

• Hyperbius

• Actor

• Lasthenes

• Antigone

• Ismene

Generation of the Trojan War
See Trojan War and Epigoni.

Gregory Nagy sees mortality as the "dominant theme in the stories of ancient Greek heroes." In heading for Troy, Achilles opts for a short life, leaving a memory of being immortal and renown over a long peaceful life in relative obscurity. • Achilles

• Agamemnon (the leader)

• Ajax the Great

• Ajax the Lesser

• Diomedes

• Idomeneus

• Menelaus

• Odysseus

• Patroclus

• Philoctetes

Greek Heroes in The Iliad
Face of the Trojan War, Achilles, helped escalate the war after killing the Trojan Prince Hector. A description of the Trojan War is given to audiences through a telling of the myth in the form of a poem by Greek poet Homer, titled The Iliad,

Generation after the Trojan War
• Electra

• Iphigenia

• Nausicaa

• Neoptolemus

• Orestes

• Telemachus

• Hyllus

title: Greek Heroic Age


text:
William Monypenny

William Monypenny may refer to:
 * William Flavelle Monypenny (1866–1912), British journalist
 * William Monypenny (American football), American football coach

title: William Monypenny


text:
William Flavelle Monypenny

William Flavelle Monypenny (7 August 1866 – 23 November 1912) was an Irish-born journalist and editor whose career was split between London and South Africa. He was also the first biographer of Benjamin Disraeli.

Monypenny was the second son of an Ulster family of Scottish descent, born in Ballyworkan, south of Portadown, County Armagh, to William Monypeny, linen manufacturer and small landowner, and Mary Ann Flavell. William spelled his surname Monypeny until 1898. He attended the Royal School Dungannon and Trinity College Dublin, where he distinguished himself in mathematics, earning his BA in 1888. From there he attended Balliol College, Oxford, but left after a year due to ill health.

Monypenny received his start in journalism in London as a contributor to The Spectator. He joined the staff of The Times in 1893, where he was an assistant to the editor, George Earle Buckle. In early 1899, he accepted an offer to edit the Johannesburg Star, then an Uitlander publication in the Transvaal Republic. Monypenny was at the forefront in the subsequent political disputes leading up to the Second Boer War, and was forced to flee to Cape Colony prior to the outbreak of hostilities when a warrant of high treason was taken out against him. During the war, he served in the Imperial Light Horse and saw combat in Natal. He was also a member of the force trapped in Ladysmith during its besiegement by the Boers, which adversely affected his health. Monypenny subsequently served in Lord Milner's administration, where he was the director of civil supplies and participated in the rehabilitation of refugees after the annexation of the Transvaal. He was a member of Milner's Kindergarten.

After the war, Monypenny resumed the editorship of the Star, using it to support Milner's policies. He was unable to accept the emerging practice of importing Chinese labor, however, and resigned from the editorship in 1903. Upon his return to London, he resumed working for The Times, and was appointed a director of the Times Publishing Company in 1908. It was his work with The Times which led the directors to offer to him the opportunity to write the definitive biography of the former prime minister Benjamin Disraeli, using the papers Disraeli had bequeathed to his former secretary Lord Rowton. Though Monypenny's relative obscurity led some to question his selection, the first volume was critically praised upon his publication in October 1910. Monypenny only completed one more volume before dying of heart failure in 1912; the project was completed by George Earle Buckle, who wrote an additional four volumes. His work The Two Irish Nations; an Essay on Home Rule was published posthumously in 1913.

title: William Flavelle Monypenny


text:
Anatole de Monzie

Anatole de Monzie (22 November 1876, Bazas, Gironde – 11 January 1947, Paris) was a French administrator, encyclopaedist (Encyclopédie française), political figure and scholar. His father was a tax collector in Bazas, Gironde where Anatole – a name he disliked from an early age – was born in 1876. A nurse mishap resulted in an accident where the infant Anatole lost the proper use of his leg and he remained crippled for the rest of his life. He never married but had several relationships. A brilliant mind, he studied in Agen before attending the Collège Stanislas, a famous Roman Catholic school in Paris, where he became friend with writer to be Henry de Jouvenel and Roman Catholic activist Marc Sangnier.

Career
He studied law and started to practice but finally chose politics. He was chef de cabinet of education minister Joseph Chautemps in 1902. At about the same time, he started a career as a local politician in the Lot, a forlorn and backwater, yet charming, department in the south west of France. Successively, and very often simultaneously, he became counsellor, general, mayor of Cahors (the local prefecture), deputy and senator. Soon commanding a huge following among the local voters, pleased by his culture, his easy access to government and proficiency in handing out public sector jobs, he made of the Lot a lifelong stronghold.

Member of a small centrist faction, called Républicains Socialistes, he soon cut a fine figure in the Chambre des Députés because of its abilities and its central positioning. His thriving ministerial career started in 1913 when he was appointed sous-secrétaire d'État à la marine marchande. From 1918 to 1940, he occupied numerous positions in all sorts of governments and was appointed minister eighteen times. As a finance minister, he is remembered for recommending to cut the budget in 1925. He was deeply involved in diplomatic affairs, starting a campaign for a renewal of the relations with the Holy See followed, in 1922, by a plea for the acknowledgment of the Soviet Union. From 1924 to 1927, he headed the Russian Affairs Commission and as such dealt with some of the prominent Russian figures of that time. He started discussing the reimbursement of the Russian loans but, after the return to power of Poincaré in 1926, the negotiation failed.

In 1925, he also served briefly as Minister of Education and Fine Arts. He is credited for introducing philosophy in the high school curriculum, perhaps a reflect of his masonic affiliation. He also banned the teaching of local dialects or languages in school – for instance, declaring in 1927 that "for the linguistic unity of France, the Breton language must disappear". During a new stint as Minister of Education in the government of Édouard Herriot in 1932, the name of the department was changed to Éducation nationale, a name it has kept hitherto. His policy generally promoted a free and neutral education system.

Minister of Travaux publics in 1938, he was confronted to a great dockers strike, which enhanced the Left distrust for his person. Between 1938 and 1940, he led several diplomatic missions. During that time of international tensions, Anatole's position was a matter of controversy. A stalwart pacifist, he was indeed actively promoting a Latin alliance between France and Italy who would mediate between Hitler and the Allies.

On 10 July 1940, he voted in favour of granting the cabinet presided by Marshal Philippe Pétain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France. Being a friend of Otto Abetz, Darquier de Pellepoix and Fernand de Brinon, he was nonetheless an object of hatred for many among the Vichy regime. He was forced to resign from his mayorship in 1942. Indicted by the Comité national des écrivains (National Writers' Committee) in 1945, he died in Paris two years later.

Anatole de Monzie was a scholar and something of a writer. His intellectual legacy numbers the publication of the Encyclopédie française from 1935 on. He was also connected to various French writers and intellectuals of the time, including Colette, Roland Dorgelès, Lucien Febvre and Pierre Benoit, whom he introduced to the Lot, especially the little town of Saint-Céré, where the writer wrote several of his works. Despite his achievements, however, his legacy will be forever tainted by his opposition to Breton culture.

Works of Anatole de Monzie

 * Les Réformes scolaires, Paris, Stock, 1905
 * Aux confins de la politique, Paris, Grasset, 1913
 * Si resucitara !, Paris, Alcan, 1915 (sur les relations Franco-espagnoles)
 * Rome sans Canossa, ou la diplomatie de la présence, Paris, Albin Michel, 1918
 * L'entrée au forum : vingt ans avant, Paris, Albin Michel, 1920
 * La Mort de Julie, Paris, Auguste Blaizot, 1922
 * Du Kremlin au Luxembourg, Paris, Delpuech, 1924
 * Les Contes de Saint-Céré, Paris, Gallimard, 1929
 * Grandeur et servitude judiciaires, Paris, Kra, 1931
 * Petit manuel de la Russie nouvelle, Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1931
 * Livre d'oraisons, Paris, Excelsior, 1934
 * Les Veuves abusives, Paris, Grasset, 1937
 * Ci-devant, Paris, Flammarion, 1941
 * Pétition pour l'histoire, Paris, Flammarion, 1942
 * Mémoires de la tribune, Paris, Correa, 1943
 * La Saison des juges, Paris, Flammarion, 1943
 * Le Conservatoire du peuple, Paris, Société d'Édition d'enseignement supérieur, 1948

title: Anatole de Monzie


text:
Dan Moody

Daniel James Moody Jr. (June 1, 1893 –May 22, 1966), was an American lawyer and Democratic politician. Originally from Taylor, Texas, he served as the 30th governor of Texas between 1927 and 1931. At the age of 33, he was elected. He took office as the youngest governor in Texas history. After his two terms as governor, he returned to private law practice. He continued to prosecute and represent various functions of the US government later in life.

Early life
Moody was born on June 1, 1893, in Taylor, Texas. He was the son of Taylor's mayor, justice of the peace, and school board chairman, Daniel James Moody, who was one of the town's first settlers in 1876. His mother, Nannie Elizabeth Robertson, was a local school teacher when Moody married her in 1890.

Moody Jr. was an alumnus of the University of Texas Law School and became a member of the State Bar of Texas at 21, in 1914. He began practicing with Harris Melasky in Taylor.

During World War I, Moody served in both the Texas National Guard as first a 2nd Lieutenant and then Captain and also in the United States Army as a 2nd Lieutenant.

Public service
In 1920, Moody served as Williamson County Attorney, a position he held for two years before becoming District Attorney in 1922. In 1923, Moody obtained an assault conviction against four members of the Ku Klux Klan for beating and tarring a white traveling salesman. The Texas Historical Commission wrote, "These trials were considered the first prosecutorial success in the United States against the 1920s Klan and quickly weakened the Klan's political influence in Texas." The Klan was very powerful in Texas, with an estimated 150,000 members in the state, including the national imperial wizard. Texas Klansmen included a US senator and Dallas, Fort Worth, and Wichita Falls mayors. The case was widely reported and gave him political momentum despite Klan opposition.

After his election as Texas Attorney General in 1925, Moody conducted investigations of the highly-corrupt James E. Ferguson, whose wife, Miriam A. Ferguson, was serving as the governor of Texas. His investigation recovered $1 million for the taxpayers of Texas. In 1927, Moody defeated her in a runoff election and became the youngest governor of Texas. Suffragists' activism provided a major contribution to her defeat, as they rallied behind Moody and campaigned for him. The activist Jane Y. McCallum, whom Moody would later appoint as his Secretary of State, hosted the campaign headquarters in her own home. She and her colleagues hired a secretary, and they sent "letters, editorials, and pamphlets" to Texas women to ask them to vote for Moody.

A conservative Democrat, he served two terms as governor before he left public office. He opposed the nomination of "wet," Catholic Al Smith in the 1928 presidential primaries, but unlike the Fergusons, he supported Smith against Herbert Hoover in the general election, which saw Texas vote Republican for the first time in its history. Moody supported a reform program of state prisons, roads, and auditing system. In the 1930s, he became a staunch critic of US President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal.

Later life
In 1931, Moody resumed private law practice in Austin, Texas, after his last term as governor. A request from President Roosevelt made Moody help to prosecute income tax evasion schemes in Louisiana as a special assistant to the US Attorney General. Moody continued to represent Texas and its executives throughout the 1930s.

He entered politics for the last time in 1942 for a Texas seat in the US Senate. Moody came in third in the 1942 Democratic primary for the seat, his only political defeat, behind former Governors W. Lee O'Daniel and James V. Allred. The election was won by O'Daniel.

Moody represented Coke R. Stevenson in his case against Lyndon B. Johnson over the hotly-contested 1948 Democratic senatorial primary electoral dispute, and Allred represented Johnson.

In the 1950s, despite remaining a Democrat, Moody endorsed the Republican Dwight Eisenhower for president in 1952 and 1956. Moody endorsed the Republican Richard Nixon for president in 1960.

He and his wife spent their remaining years in Austin. He died in 1966 and was buried at the Texas State Cemetery.

Personal life
On April 20, 1926, he married Mildred Paxton of Abilene, Texas. The couple had two children, Daniel III and Nancy.

He and his wife spent their remaining years in Austin. He died in 1966 and was buried at the Texas State Cemetery.

Legacy
The Williamson County Courthouse had the courtroom in which Moody tried his famous case against the Klan completely restored to its 1920s appearance and reopened in 2007. It is free and open to the public in Georgetown, Texas. There is also a statue of Moody installed outside the courthouse.

title: Dan Moody


text:
Visual Objects

Visual Objects is an object-oriented computer programming language that is used to create computer programs that operate primarily under Windows. Although it can be used as a general-purpose programming tool, it is almost exclusively used to create database programs.

The original Visual Objects project (code-named Aspen) was started as part of Nantucket's attempts to bring the Clipper language to Windows, and move from the procedural to the object-oriented style. It also converted Clipper from a p-code system to being a true native compiler and introduced more elements of the C language (such as typed variables), while including Windows extensions (such as COM, ODBC, and later ADO). With its symbol datatype, it offers the ability to form name-based linkages, which may be used to connect menu events to object methods or form direct linkages between server columns and controls.

The Windows version was finally brought to market by Computer Associates. Unfortunately it was released before it was market-ready and in almost head-to-head competition with the first release of the Borland Delphi product. The language is still in use however the last release by GrafX Software was in 2012 of version 2.8 sp4 (version number 2838). GrafX announced that after this no new versions would be released. The next incarnation of the Visual Objects language is Vulcan.NET, written by GrafX from scratch to be both Visual Objects compatible and be a true CLS compliant .NET language, taking full advantage of the .NET framework.

title: Visual Objects


text:
John Moody (financial analyst)

John Moody (May 2, 1868 – February 16, 1958) was an American financial analyst, businessman and investor. He pioneered the rating of bonds and founded Moody's Investors Service. Moody's Manuals are still issued, carrying on the tradition begun by Moody's Manual of Railroads and Corporation Securities and continued by the annual Moody's Analyses of Investments.

He resided in Cranford, New Jersey from 1893 to 1913.

Moody and bond rating
Moody's was later merged into Dun & Bradstreet, only to again become an independent corporation in October 2000. Moody's status is reflected in Thomas Friedman's 1996 comment: that"There are two superpowers in the world today in my opinion. There's the United States and there's Moody's Bond Rating Service. The United States can destroy you by dropping bombs, and Moody's can destroy you by downgrading your bonds. And believe me, it's not clear sometimes who's more powerful. (February 13, 1996 interview with Jim Lehrer)"

In 2007, Moody's Corporation was split into two operating divisions, Moody's Investors Service, the rating agency, and Moody's Analytics, with all of its other services.

Honors
Moody was a convert to Roman Catholicism after being raised a self-described Low Church Protestant Episcopalian, then a Broad Church Episcopalian. He received an honorary Doctor of Laws from Boston College, and was made Knight Commander of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem by Pope Pius XI.

Family
Moody was the son of William Francis Moody (1834–1919) and his wife Sarah Jane, née Nichols (1839–1897). He was one of five children. He was married to Anna Mulford Addison (1877, Nice, France – 1965); their sons were UCLA philosopher and medievalist, Ernest Addison Moody (1903–1975) and John Edmund Moody (1900–1926), who died of typhoid fever in Messina, Sicily.

Works

 * The Truth About the Trusts: A Description and Analysis of The American Trust Movement (1904)
 * The Art of Wise Investing (1904)
 * The Art of Wall Street Investing (1906)
 * The Investor's Primer (1907)
 * How To Invest Wisely (1912)
 * Masters of Capital: A Chronicle of Wall Street (1919)
 * The Railroad Builders: A Chronicle of The Welding of The States (1919)
 * Profitable Investing: Fundamental of the Science of Investing by Moody (1925)
 * The Long Road Home (1933)
 * Fast by the Road (1942)
 * John Henry Newman (1945)

title: John Moody (financial analyst)


text:
Paul Moody (inventor)

Paul Moody (May 23, 1779 – July 5, 1831) was a U.S. textile machinery inventor born in Byfield, Massachusetts (Town of Newbury). He is often credited with developing and perfecting the first power loom in America, which launched the first successful integrated cotton mill at Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1814, under the leadership of Francis Cabot Lowell and his associates.

Early life
Paul Moody was born May 24, 1779, at Byfield, Massachusetts, the son of Paul Moody and one of nine children.

Although Moody's academic education was limited, at age sixteen he learned the weaver's craft, and soon became an expert. He later went to work at a nail factory of Jacob Perkins, first in Byfield and later in Amesbury, Massachusetts, when the company moved. In 1812 he worked for Kendrick and Worthen, makers of carding machinery.

On July 13, 1800 (one source says September 1798 ), he married Susan Morrill of Amesbury. The couple went on to have three sons.

Soon after his marriage, he partnered with Ezra Worthen, Thomas Boardman and Samuel Wigglesworth to form the Amesbury Wool and Cotton Manufacturing Company. It was incorporated on February 16, 1813.

Waltham
In 1814 he arrived at Waltham, Massachusetts, to supervise the setting up of machinery for a new cotton mill under Francis Cabot Lowell and The Boston Associates. Moody created the first power loom that harnessed the city's streams, canals, and rivers. The patent for the loom went to Lowell and his partner.

During his time in Waltham, Moody was awarded other patents. This included one in 1816 for what would eventually become the filling frame (the invited item completed in 1819). He improved upon the double speeder, a device for roping cotton and got the patent on April 3, 1819. On January 17, 1818, he improved upon the soapstone rollers for Horrocks' dressing machine thereby doubling its efficacy.

Moody Street in downtown Waltham is named after Paul Moody.

Lowell
With the success of Waltham, The Boston Associates established an entirely new city in 1821-1825 along the banks of the Merrimack River in East Chelmsford. The city became Lowell, named after Francis Cabott Lowell. There, in 1824, Moody built Lowell Machine Works, to supply the mills with their machines.

In 1824 Moody developed a system of leather belting and pulleys to power machinery, which was almost exclusively used in American mills from then on. The new mode of power transmission was more economical and required less maintenance than the shaft-and-gear system used in the British mills. See: Line shaft

From 1823-5 Moody was the chief engineer for the Locks and Canals Company. During that time he lived in the house now known as the Moody-Whister-Francis House (currently housing the Whistler House Museum of Art).

Moody suddenly died in Lowell in 1831 after a 3-day illness. He was later honored by having streets in Waltham and Lowell, Massachusetts, named after him, although sections of the one in Lowell were later renamed University Avenue and Textile Avenue, as it continues into neighboring Dracut, Massachusetts.

title: Paul Moody (inventor)


text:
Wetwork

Wetwork (мокрое дело) is a euphemism for murder or assassination that alludes to spilling blood. The expression and the similar wet job, wet affair, or wet operation are all calques of Russian terms for such activities and can be traced to criminal slang from at least the 19th century and originally meant robbery that involved murder or the spilling of blood.

The operations are reputed to have been handled by the CIA and by the KGB's SpecBureau 13 (Spets Byuro 13), known as the "Department of Wet Affairs" (Otdel mokrykh del).

title: Wetwork


text:
Sage thrasher

The sage thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus) is a medium-sized passerine bird from the family Mimidae, which also includes mockingbirds, tremblers, and New World catbirds. It is the only member of the genus Oreoscoptes. This seems less close to the Caribbean thrashers, but rather to the mockingbirds instead (Hunt et al. 2001, Barber et al. 2004).

Description
Oreoscoptes montanus are pale grey-brown on the upperparts and white with dark streaks on the underparts. They have a slim straight relatively short bill, yellow eyes and a long tail, although not as long as that of other thrashers.

Measurements:

 * Length: 7.9-9.1 in (20-23 cm)
 * Weight: 1.4-1.8 oz (40-50 g)
 * Wingspan: 12.6 in (32 cm)

Breeding
As its name suggests, this bird breeds in western North America, from southern Canada to northern Arizona and New Mexico. Its breeding habitat is in areas with dense stands of sagebrush and rarely in other shrubby areas. Their nests are made of twigs, rootlets and bark strips, lined with fine rootlets. The female lays 4 or 5 eggs in a twiggy cup nest built in a low bush. Both parents incubate and feed the young birds.

Migrating
In winter, these birds migrate to the southernmost United States and Mexico, including the Baja Peninsula, north and south.

Diet
They mainly eat insects in summer; they also eat berries, especially in winter. They usually search for insects on the ground in brushy locations.

Vocalization
The male bird sings a series of warbled notes to defend his nesting territory.

Conservation
These birds have declined in some areas where sagebrush has been removed but are still common where suitable habitat remains. The continued decline of sagebrush habitats in western North America is cause for alarm for this and other sagebrush dependent species.

Book

 * Reynolds, T. D., T. D. Rich, and D. A. Stephens. 1999. Sage Thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus). In The Birds of North America, No. 463 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

Thesis

 * Castrale JS. Ph.D. (1981). USE OF MANAGED SAGEBRUSH GRASSLANDS BY BIRD POPULATIONS. Brigham Young University, United States -- Utah.
 * Howe FP. Ph.D. (1993). Effects of an experimental food reduction on nesting shrubsteppe passerines. Colorado State University, United States -- Colorado.
 * Johnson E. M.S. (2005). Bird and small mammal communities of sagebrush-dominated mountain meadows: An examination of meadow characteristics as part of a hierarchical, multi-level study of the Wasatch-Cache National Forest. Utah State University, United States -- Utah.
 * McIntyre KK. M.S. (2003). Species composition and beta diversity of avian communities along a burned/unburned gradient in sagebrush steppe habitat at Sheldon National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada. Sul Ross State University, United States -- Texas.
 * Petersen KL. Ph.D. (1986). AVIAN ECOLOGICAL STUDIES IN A SAGEBRUSH COMMUNITY: BIRD RESPONSES TO FIRE AND TERRITORY DYNAMICS IN A SPARROW POPULATION (IDAHO). Iowa State University, United States -- Iowa.

Articles
-->
 * Amin OM & Dailey MD. (1998). Description of Mediorhynchus papillosus (Acanthocephala: Gigantorhynchidae) from a Colorado, U.S.A., population, with a discussion of morphology and geographical variability. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington. vol 65, no 2. p. 189-200.
 * Belthoff JR, Powers LR & Reynolds TD. (1998). Breeding birds at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, 1985-1991. Great Basin Naturalist. vol 58, no 2. p. 167-183.
 * Bielefeldt J. (1973). Sage Thrasher in Waukesha County. Passenger Pigeon. vol 35, no 1. p. 35-36.
 * Castrale JS. (1982). Effects of 2 Sagebrush Artemisia-Spp Control Methods on Nongame Birds. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol 46, no 4. p. 945-952.
 * Fischer DH. (1983). Growth Development and Food Habits of Nestling Mimids in South Texas USA. Wilson Bulletin. vol 95, no 1. p. 97-105.
 * Howe FP. (1992). Effects of Protocalliphora-Braueri Diptera Calliphoridae Parasitism and Inclement Weather on Nestling Sage Thrashers. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. vol 28, no 1. p. 141-143.
 * Howe FP, Knight RL, McEwen LC & George TL. (1996). Direct and indirect effects of insecticide applications on growth and survival of nestling passerines. Ecological Applications. vol 6, no 4. p. 1314-1324.
 * Howe FP, Knight RL, McEwen LC & George TL. (2000). Diet switching and food delivery by shrubsteppe passerines in response to an experimental reduction in food. Western North American Naturalist. vol 60, no 2. p. 139-154.
 * Ingelfinger F & Anderson S. (2004). Passerine response to roads associated with natural gas extraction in a sagebrush steppe habitat. Western North American Naturalist. vol 64, no 3. p. 385-395.
 * Johnston DW. (1969). Sage Thrasher and Other Unusual Birds in North-Central Florida. Auk. vol 86, no 4. p. 754-755.
 * Killpack ML. (1970). Notes on Sage Thrasher Nestlings in Colorado. Condor. vol 72, no 4. p. 486-488.
 * Knick ST & Rotenberry JT. (1995). Landscape characteristics of fragmented shrubsteppe habitats and breeding passerine birds. Conservation Biology. vol 9, no 5. p. 1059-1071.
 * Knick ST & Rotenberry JT. (2000). Ghosts of habitats past: Contribution of landscape change to current habitats used by shrubland birds. Ecology. vol 81, no 1. p. 220-227.
 * Knick ST & Rotenberry JT. (2002). Effects of habitat fragmentation on passerine birds breeding in Intermountain shrubsteppe. Studies in Avian Biology. vol 25, p. 130-140.
 * Lavers N. (1980). Sage Thrasher Oreoscoptes-Montanus New-Record Arkansas USA. Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings. vol 34, no 122.
 * McNicholl MK. (1973). Sight Record of Sage Thrasher near Cache Creek British-Columbia. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol 87, no 4.
 * Medin DE. (1992). BIRDS OF A GREAT-BASIN SAGEBRUSH HABITAT IN EAST-CENTRAL NEVADA. Usda Forest Service Intermountain Research Station Research Paper. no 452. p. U1-U4.
 * Noson AC, Schmitz RA & Miller RF. (2006). Influence of fire and Juniper encroachment on birds in high-elevation sagebrush steppe. Western North American Naturalist. vol 66, no 3. p. 343-353.
 * Petersen KL & Best LB. (1991). Nest-Site Selection by Sage Thrashers in Southeastern Idaho. Great Basin Naturalist. vol 51, no 3. p. 261-266.
 * Reynolds TD. (1981). Nesting of the Sage Thrasher Oreoscoptes-Montanus Sage Sparrow Amphispiza-Belli and Brewers Sparrow Spizella-Breweri in Southeastern Idaho USA. Condor. vol 83, no 1. p. 61-64.
 * Reynolds TD & Rich TD. (1978). Reproductive Ecology of the Sage Thrasher Oreoscoptes-Montanus on the Snake River Plain in South Central Idaho USA. Auk. vol 95, no 3. p. 580-582.
 * Rich T. (1980). Nest Placement in Sage Thrashers Oreoscoptes-Montanus Sage Sparrows Amphispiza-Belli and Brewers Sparrows Spizella-Breweri. Wilson Bulletin. vol 92, no 3. p. 362-368.
 * Rich T. (1985). A Sage Thrasher Oreoscoptes-Montanus Nest with Constructed Shading Platform. Murrelet. vol 66, no 1. p. 18-19.
 * Rich T & Rothstein SI. (1985). Sage Thrashers Oreoscoptes-Montanus Reject Cowbird Molothrus-Ater Eggs. Condor. vol 87, no 4. p. 561-562.
 * Rich TDG. (1980). Bilateral Wing Display in the Sage Thrasher Oreoscoptes-Montanus. Wilson Bulletin. vol 94, no 4. p. 512-513.
 * Rose BJ. (1969). Sage Thrasher in Pennington County. South Dakota Bird Notes. vol 21, no 4.
 * Rotenberry JT & Wiens JA. (1989). Reproductive Biology of Shrubsteppe Passerine Birds Geographical and Temporal Variation in Clutch Size Brood Size and Fledging Success. Condor. vol 91, no 1. p. 1-14.
 * Rowlett RA. (1972). 1st Sage Thrasher for Maryland. Atlantic Naturalist. vol 27, no 2. p. 85-86.
 * Vander Haegen WM, Schroeder MA & Degraaf RM. (2002). Predation on real and artificial nests in shrubsteppe landscapes fragmented by agriculture. Condor. vol 104, no 3. p. 496-506.
 * Weber JW & Larrison EJ. (1976). Status of the Sage Thrasher in Asotin County Washington and Adjacent Idaho. Murrelet. vol 57, no 3.
 * Wiens JA & Rotenberry JT. (1980). Patterns of Morphology and Ecology in Grassland and Shrub Steppe Bird Populations. Ecological Monographs. vol 50, no 3. p. 287-308.
 * Wiens JA, Rotenberry JT & Van Horne B. (1987). Habitat Occupancy Patterns of North American Shrubsteppe Birds the Effects of Spatial Scale. Oikos. vol 48, no 2. p. 132-147.
 * Williams NS. (1983). 3 New Species of Brueelia Mallophaga Philopteridae from the Mimidae Aves Passeriformes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. vol 96, no 4. p. 599-604.
 * Wilson Ornithol Soc Conserv C. (1976). Conservation Committee Report on Effects of Alteration of Sagebrush Communities on the Associated Avi Fauna. Wilson Bulletin. vol 88, no 1. p. 165-171.

title: Sage thrasher


text:
Talk:Edmond Holmes

Untitled
Education: possible Merchant Taylor's, St. John's Oxford. Charles Matthews 10:28, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Seems this is the same Edmond Holmes who was Chief Inspector of Schools, who wrote the 1911 book or books The Tragedy of Education/What is and what Might Be. Also The Holy Heretics, on the Cathars. "More research needed". Collecting up some references here:

Holmes, E. G. A. (1911). What is and what might be: A study in education in general and elementary in particular. London: Constable.

Give me the young (1921)

Freedom & growth : and other essays (1923) Edmond Holmes and 'The Tragedy of Education (1998) Chris Shute.

Charles Matthews 10:48, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

A scholarly web page (about the Oakeshott papers) does identify the poet with the schools inspector. Interesting! Charles Matthews 11:31, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

"What Is and What Might Be" (3rd impression, 1911) lists Edmund Holmes as author of "The Creed of Christ," "The Creed of Buddha," "The Silence of Love," "The Triumph of Love," etc.

"In Defence of What Might Be" (first ed, 1914) states also "by the same author ... The Tragedy of Education..."

W.Windham, London 26 Oct 07 wwindham@iee.org

title: Talk:Edmond Holmes


text:
Talk:Song writing

To JHMM13

i learned nothing from what you wrote. After reading it, one still wouldn't know what song-writing is and how to write songs. Obviously you are not musically-trained nor are a professional song-writer and try to monopolize this stub. Please do not pretend to write something that you do not know much about.

title: Talk:Song writing


text:
Columbia College (South Carolina)

Columbia College is a private college in Columbia, South Carolina, United States. Founded in 1854 by the United Methodist Church as a women's liberal arts college, Columbia College became fully coeducational in 2020 welcoming its first coed residential class in Fall 2021. It also offers evening, graduate, and online programs for women and men.

History
Founded in 1854, Columbia Female College officially opened in 1859 with an initial student body of 121 and a faculty of 16. When General Sherman and his troops marched through Columbia in 1865, the school had to close. It was saved from being torched only because Professor of Music W. H. Orchard, having heard that all unoccupied buildings would be burned by a certain hour, left his home to stand in the doorway of the college where he could be seen by the troops. The school was reopened in 1873. The college was damaged by its first fire in 1895, though the damage was not extensive. The name changed to Columbia College in 1905 after it was moved to its present site in North Columbia in 1904. Swept by a second fire in 1909, the college operated out of its former Plain Street facilities until the North Columbia campus could be reoccupied in 1910.

From 1940 to 1951, presidents Guilds and Greene oversaw Columbia College as well as Wofford College in Spartanburg, South Carolina.

In 1964, a third fire ravaged the campus, destroying Old Main, a college landmark. Frightened and disheartened students, huddled in the middle of the night in College Place Methodist Church, were told by President Spears, "Nothing has been destroyed that cannot be rebuilt." Soon thereafter new interest in the college was engendered, and building continued. The columns of Old Main, which had been the only thing left standing in the ashes when the fire was over, became a symbol of Columbia College, its strength and its endurance.

Georgia O'Keeffe taught art at Columbia College in 1914 and 1915.

During the 1980s, an evening college was established in which both female and male students could be educated. Recently U.S. News & World Report has ranked Columbia College as one of the top regional liberal arts colleges in the South.

In 2011, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE) named Columbia College professor, Dr. John Zubizarreta “U. S. Professor of the Year” for undergraduate baccalaureate colleges. Zubizarreta is a professor of English and director of honors and faculty development for Columbia College. The Columbia College honors program has also produced two consecutive National Collegiate Honors Council Honor Students of the Year, Homa Hassan in 2009 and Diana Lynde in 2010.

On Jan. 31, 2020 the board of trustees voted for the plan to admit men to the college's residential day program. This is a significant change for Columbia College, which was founded in 1854 as Columbia Female College. This will not be the first time a man has studied at the college as male students have previously participated in co-ed evening, graduate and online programs, but this will be the first time men can study in a “co-ed residential day program. Columbia College stated it made the change to enroll men as a result of “shifts in student demographics, cultural shifts and population trends.”

Athletics
The Columbia College athletic teams are called the Koalas. The college is a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the Appalachian Athletic Conference (AAC) since the 2011–12 academic year. The Koalas previously competed in the Southern States Athletic Conference (SSAC; formerly known as Georgia–Alabama–Carolina Conference (GACC) until after the 2003–04 school year) from 2005–06 to 2010–11; and in the defunct Eastern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (EIAC) during the 2004–05 school year.

Columbia College competes in 15 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports include cross country, golf, soccer, swimming, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, track & field and volleyball. Men's sports debuted when the college became co-educational in 2020, beginning athletic competition in the 2021 fall season.

Alongside the addition of men's sports, Columbia College added Esports as a program within the institution. This includes Overwatch 2, Valorant, Rocket League, and Super Smash Bros Ultimate.

Alumnae

 * Bettye Ackerman, actress
 * Jenn Colella, comedian, actress, and singer
 * Lucile Godbold, track and field athlete who won gold and bronze at the First International Games for Women, first woman inducted into SC Sports Hall of Fame, and annual touch football game named Ludy Bowl after her
 * Wil Lou Gray, innovator in alternative education
 * Betty W. Holz, mathematician for the United States Army
 * Alicia Leeke, artist
 * Janice McNair, owner of Houston Texans
 * Carol Devine Miller, member of the West Virginia House of Delegates and the US House of Representatives

Faculty

 * Trudie Kibbe Reed, president of Philander Smith College and Bethune–Cookman University

title: Columbia College (South Carolina)


text:
Attingal

Attingal is a municipality in Thiruvananthapuram metropolitan area in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala state, India. It was the location of the Attingal kingdom, under Travancore. It is the headquarters of Chirayinkeezhu Taluk, and the important government institutions of the taluk such as the Taluk office, court complex, office of the deputy superintendent of Police, civil station, and treasuries are situated in Attingal. It is one of the oldest municipalities of Kerala which was constituted prior to its independence in 1924. In 1914 itself Attingal Town Improvement Authority (TIA) was formed which was the term used before the municipality regulation act of 1922. Attingal Town is located 25 km north of Thiruvananthapuram. Attingal is the 3rd densely populated municipality in the district.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, Attingal has a population of 37,346. Males constitute 17,009 of the population and females 20,337. Attingal has an average literacy rate of 88.9% of the population is under the age of 6. The town is famed for its cleanliness in recent years. The municipality has undertaken many plans which have been successful. The municipality has also achieved a couple of awards for its success.

Politics
The Attingal assembly constituency is part of Attingal (Lok Sabha constituency).

Attingal Palace
Koyikkal Palace is the maternal home of the Travancore royal family. The great rulers of the kingdom, including Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma, were brought up in this palace situated at Kollampuzha, Attingal. The palace, built in stone and wood, according to Kerala architecture stands in a nearly 10-acre wide plot, a portion of which is privately owned now. The palace has four temples inside it, including the 700-year-old sanctorum that houses the Palliyara Bhagavathy. The temple of the family deity, Thiruvarattukavu Devi, is also seated in a temple inside the palace complex. The historically important palace, built in an 'ettukettu' structure. The temples and the palace is currently under the control of the Devaswom Board. One of the entrance gates here, ' Chavadipura', was reconstructed recently by the royal family.

Anchuthengu Fort
The historical fort of Anchuthengu is about 10 km from Attingal town and the famous Siva temple Avanavanchery Sri Indilayappan Temple is within the Attingal Municipal area.

Transport
Attingal is one of the important hubs of the Thiruvananthapuram district. Kanyakumari-Panvel Highway(National Highway 66 (India)) along with SH 46 and SH 47 connecting the town to Kilimanoor and Nedumangadu, passes through the town.SH46 joins the Town at Alamcode and SH47 at Munumukku. Both KSRTC and private buses have frequent services to nearby towns like Varkala, Kilimanoor, Kallambalam, Chirayinkeezhu, Kadakkavoor, Venjarammoodu, Nedumangad, Karette, Vamanapuram, Madathara and to the cities like Trivandrum, Kollam, Ernakulam etc. The nearest railway stations are Chirayinkeezhu Railway station(7 km) and Kadakkavoor Railway station (8 km)and Varkala railway station which is 15 km away. Trivandrum International Airport (33 km) is the nearest airport. Two dedicated bus depots are available in the forms of a Kerala State Road Transport Corporation(KSRTC) bus depot which is one among the 28 Main depots of KSRTC and one Private Bus Terminal, both in the heart of the town. Currently as part of NH66 4laning Attingal Bypass is planning to construction from mamom to ayamkonam.

Notable people

 * K. Chinnamma, social worker and founder of Hindu Mahila Mandiram
 * Prem Nazir, film actor
 * G. K. Pillai (actor), film actor
 * Kumaran Asan, poet
 * Marthanda Varma, Travancore King
 * Bharat Gopy, Film Actor (also producer and director)
 * Murali Gopy, Film Actor (also screenwriter, author, singer, and former journalist)
 * Sukumar (writer)

Educational institutions
Educational institutions include:
 * College of Engineering, Attingal
 * Trivandrum International School, Edackode PO, Korani, Attingal
 * Rajadhani Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nagaroor, Attingal
 * Government Polytechnic college, Attingal
 * Government ITI, Attingal
 * Sr. Elizabeth Joel CSIEMHS School, Attingal
 * Government Model Boys HS School, Attingal
 * Government Girls HS School, Attingal
 * DIET, Attingal
 * NAVABHARATH HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL

title: Attingal


text:
Talk:Candidate

stub type?
I don't quite think that the article should have a politics stub, since the term 'candidate' is used quite far outside the political world as well. However, if someone wants to create a political candidate article, I'd endorse the idea. ~GMH 04:50, 29 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Perhaps an election-related stub would be more appropriate?Gamesmaster G-9 12:00, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

merger proposal
Please also give your opinion on the merger proposal.Gamesmaster G-9 12:00, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree 100% with the merger proposal. Good idea. Wikipedian27 12:50, 6 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The political stuff can move, but we should maintain a candidate page that covers other uses of 'candidate.' Skyeknighton 22:53, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

 * There's a disambiguation page for Candidate - that can continue to be linked.Gamesmaster G-9 03:58, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Sounds good to me, then! Merge. Skyeknighton 18:27, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

Gamesmaster is correct. The term Candidate refers to too many categories of honorees, recipients and employment seeking people to be restricted to politics. A professional executive seeking a career change or new appointment places that individual into the "candidate" status by every firm: recruiter, search service or other provider imaginable. No other word better describes that situation.

I came here looking for information on the term "Ph.D. Candidate." There is only one option on the disambiguation page that offers any hope. That option brings me to this page. Then I discover that this page only deals with one specific use of the word (political candidate). Disappointing. 174.92.82.71 (talk) 20:47, 21 December 2014 (UTC)

This article needs some work...
The flow of the article doesn't seem very good right now, it seems a bit like two articles just got lumped together. The initial portion seems more like a dictionary definition than an encyclopedia entry and the entire thing is unreferenced (the two "presumed advantages" sections really need them). Not sure if there's a good way to divide it up but maybe Nominees and Nomination should be separate, or maybe the whole thing should be moved to wiktionary. Any ideas of how this could be improved? Stardust8212 03:40, 4 April 2007 (UTC) --- I don't think nominee should redirect here. Nomination, nominee company, etc. It should have a disambiguation page where one item would direct here.62.65.236.175 (talk) 08:50, 6 November 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Candidate


text:
Talk:Hoop cheese

Old discussion
I've attempted to make this page amenable to the site's policy. I thought that the brief passages used did follow policy. My apologies

 * No problem. We just cant take direct copies of copyrighted text. But if you like the topic, it is not too difficult to make your own article, like you're doing on Hoop cheese/Temp. Should be done on the main article, though. Anyway, happy editing -- Chris 73 | Talk 10:36, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I have removed Hoop cheese/temp, as it seems that the entire content was copied to Hoop cheese. If you still need the temp, let me know. Thanks for editing the article -- Chris 73 | Talk 14:34, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and careful attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 00:10, 4 July 2008 (UTC)

2 kinds of hoop cheese
The term hoop cheese was used for two very different types of cheese, one which is the kind this article describes, and the other which was a hard cheese, something like a cheddar. This article is mainly about the soft sort, but it confuses them when it mentions the country store--the hoop cheese cutter was for the hard variety. I also expect that the hoop cheese served on biscuits in NC is the hard variety.

http://www.practicallyedible.com/edible.nsf/pages/ed.2221 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ericjs (talk • contribs) 22:47, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hoop cheese


text:
William Henry Moody

William Henry Moody (December 23, 1853 – July 2, 1917) was an American politician and jurist who held positions in all three branches of the Government of the United States. He represented parts of Essex County, Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives from 1895 until 1902. He then served in the cabinet of President Theodore Roosevelt as Secretary of the Navy and Attorney General before Roosevelt appointed him to the United States Supreme Court in 1906. He retired from the Court for health reasons after a brief tenure of just less than four years. A progressive like Roosevelt, he opposed racial segregation and spoke out in favor of African-American civil rights.

Early life and education
Moody was born in Newbury, Massachusetts, the son of Henry Lord Moody and Melissa Augusta (Emerson) Moody. His father owned and managed several farms, and Moody attended the local schools of Newbury, Salem, and Danvers. All of his immigrant ancestors came to Massachusetts from England, and they all came as part of the Puritan migration from England. All of them arrived between 1620 and 1640. He graduated from Phillips Academy in 1872 and Harvard University, Phi Beta Kappa in 1876. After four months attending Harvard Law School, he began to study law in the office of Richard Henry Dana Jr., and attained admission to the Massachusetts bar in 1878.

Start of career
Early in his legal career, Moody first was elected city solicitor of Haverhill, Massachusetts in 1888. After appointment as the District Attorney for Eastern Massachusetts in 1890, he gained widespread notoriety in 1893 as the junior prosecutor in the Lizzie Borden murder case. While his efforts were unsuccessful he was generally acknowledged as the most competent and effective of the attorneys on either side.

U.S. Congress
He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts, and served from 1895 to 1902. He served on the powerful Appropriations Committee, and also held seats on Insular Affairs, Expenditures in the Department of Justice, and the Joint Commission on the Transportation of the Mails. He was a candidate to succeed Thomas B. Reed as Speaker in 1899, but the post was won by David B. Henderson.

Secretary of the Navy
During President Theodore Roosevelt's administration, Moody served as the Secretary of Navy from 1902 to 1904. He oversaw the start of the Roosevelt-era expansion of the Navy, including an increase in the number of ships, as well as an effort to increase manpower by improving efforts to recruit sailors from non-coastal states. Moody also negotiated with the government of Cuba for the original lease that permitted construction and occupation of the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base.

U.S. Attorney General
Moody served as Attorney General from 1904 to 1906. In this post, Moody actively followed Roosevelt's trust-busting policies, negotiating with 'good' trusts such as U.S. Steel but successfully prosecuting 'bad' ones such as Standard Oil and the Beef Trust. After the Lynching of Paul Reed and Will Cato, Moody refused to grant permission for an indictment, believing no federal right had been violated.

U.S. Supreme Court
Roosevelt nominated Moody as an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court on December 3, 1906, to a seat vacated by Henry B. Brown. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on December 12, 1906, and was sworn into office on December 17, 1906.

Moody's service on the Court was brief but eventful, and he authored 67 opinions and five dissents. His most noted opinion was in the minority in the Employers Liability Cases (1908), where he held that Congress' power to regulate interstate commerce included the ability to legislate management's relationship with employees. While he generally supported enhanced federal powers, opinions such as Twining v. New Jersey (1908), where he held that the Fifth Amendment's protection against compulsory self-incrimination did not apply to cases presented in state courts, made him hard to pigeonhole. He also wrote for a unanimous Court in the famous case of Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Mottley, which limited federal question jurisdiction to cases in which the plaintiff's cause of action was based on federal law.

By 1908, Moody suffered severe rheumatism. This affected Moody to such an extent that his last sitting on the bench was May 7, 1909, when he left for a brief rest and never returned. With the age- and health-enfeebled Supreme Court of 1909 crippled (President William Howard Taft was to make a record-setting five appointments due to death and resignations over the course of a single year in 1910–1911), Taft urged Moody, then the youngest justice at 55, to step down. After Taft successfully lobbied Congress for a Special Act granting Moody full retirement benefits (to which he would not otherwise have qualified for), Moody retired from the Court on November 20, 1910.

Death and burial
Moody was not married, and had no children. He died in Haverhill, Massachusetts on July 2, 1917, at age 63, and was buried at Byfield Cemetery in Georgetown, Massachusetts.

Awards and honors
In 1904, Moody received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Tufts University and Amherst College.

Legacy
After Moody's death, some of his official papers were placed in the custody of Professor Felix Frankfurter, then of Harvard Law School. They are now in the collection of Frankfurter's papers in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress. Moody's office furnishings and papers were donated to the Haverhill Historical Society and there is a Moody Room open to the public at the Buttonwoods Museum in Haverhill that features his personal collection.

USS Moody (DD-277) was named for him.

In 2018, television and film actor Jay Huguley portrayed Moody in Lizzie, a biographical thriller film about Lizzie Borden.

References and further reading

 * Gould, Lewis L. "Moody, William Henry"; American National Biography Online February 2000.
 * Heffron, Paul T. "Theodore Roosevelt and the Appointment of Mr. Justice Moody." Vanderbilt Law Review 18 (1964): 545+ online.
 * Watts Jr., James F. "William Moody," in The Justices of the United States Supreme Court 1789–1969, ed. Leon Friedman and Fred L. Israel (1969),

Sources and external links

 * The Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum owns 12 Moody letters dated 1896–1908.

title: William Henry Moody