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Écriture féminine

Écriture féminine, or "women's writing", is a term coined by French feminist and literary theorist Hélène Cixous in her 1975 essay "The Laugh of the Medusa". Cixous aimed to establish a genre of literary writing that deviates from traditional masculine styles of writing, one which examines the relationship between the cultural and psychological inscription of the female body and female difference in language and text. This strand of feminist literary theory originated in France in the early 1970s through the works of Cixous and other theorists including Luce Irigaray, Chantal Chawaf, Catherine Clément and Julia Kristeva,  and has subsequently been expanded upon by writers such as psychoanalytic theorist Bracha Ettinger. who emerged in this field in the early 1990s,

Écriture féminine as a theory foregrounds the importance of language for the psychic understanding of self. Cixous is searching for what Isidore Isou refers to as the "hidden signifer" in language which expresses the ineffable and what cannot be expressed in structuralist language. It has been suggested by Cixous herself that more free and flowing styles of writing such as stream of consciousness, have a more "feminine" structure and tone than that of more traditional modes of writing. This theory draws on ground theory work in psychoanalysis about the way that humans come to understand their social roles. In doing so, it goes on to expound how women, who may be positioned as 'other' in a masculine symbolic order, can reaffirm their understanding of the world through engaging with their own otherness, both within and outside their own minds, or consciousness.

Cixous
Hélène Cixous first coined écriture féminine in her essay "The Laugh of the Medusa" (1975), where she asserts "woman must write her self: must write about women and bring women to writing, from which they have been driven away as violently as from their bodies" because their sexual pleasure has been repressed and denied expression. Inspired by Cixous' essay, a recent book titled Laughing with Medusa (2006) analyzes the collective work of Julia Kristeva, Luce Irigaray, Bracha Ettinger and Hélène Cixous. These writers are as a whole referred to by Anglophones as "the French feminists," though Mary Klages, Associate Professor in the English Department at the University of Colorado at Boulder, has pointed out that "poststructuralist theoretical feminists" would be a more accurate term. Madeleine Gagnon is a more recent proponent. And since the aforementioned 1975 when Cixous also founded women's studies at Vincennes, she has been as a spokeswoman for the group Psychanalyse et politique and a prolific writer of texts for their publishing house, des femmes. And when asked of her own writing she says, "Je suis là où ça parle" ("I am there where it/id/the female unconscious speaks.")

American feminist critic and writer Elaine Showalter defines this movement as "the inscription of the feminine body and female difference in language and text." Écriture féminine places experience before language, and privileges non-linear, cyclical writing that evades "the discourse that regulates the phallocentric system." Because language is not a neutral medium, it can be said to function as an instrument of patriarchal expression. As Peter Barry writes, "the female writer is seen as suffering the handicap of having to use a medium (prose writing) which is essentially a male instrument fashioned for male purposes". Ecriture féminine thus exists as an antithesis of masculine writing or as a means of escape for women.

In the words of Rosemarie Tong, "Cixous challenged women to write themselves out of the world men constructed for women. She urged women to put themselves-the unthinkable/unthought-into words."

Almost everything is yet to be written by women about femininity: about their sexuality, that is, its infinite and mobile complexity; about their eroticization, sudden turn-ons of a certain minuscule-immense area of their bodies; not about destiny, but about the adventure of such and such a drive, about trips, crossings, trudges, abrupt and gradual awakenings, discoveries of a zone at once timorous and soon to be forthright.

With regard to phallogocentric writing, Tong argues that "male sexuality, which centers on what Cixous called the "big dick", is ultimately boring in its pointedness and singularity. Like male sexuality, masculine writing, which Cixous usually termed phallogocentric writing, is also ultimately boring" and furthermore, that "stamped with the official seal of social approval, masculine writing is too weighted down to move or change".

Write, let no one hold you back, let nothing stop you: not man; not the imbecilic capitalist machinery, in which the publishing houses are the crafty, obsequious relayers of imperatives handed down by an economy that works against us and off our backs; not yourself. Smug-faced readers, managing editors, and big bosses don't like the true texts of women- female-sexed texts. That kind scares them.

For Cixous, écriture féminine is not only a possibility for female writers; rather, she believes it can be (and has been) employed by male authors such as James Joyce or Jean Genet. Some have found this idea difficult to reconcile with Cixous' definition of écriture féminine (often termed 'white ink') because of the many references she makes to the female body ("There is always in her at least a little of that good mother's milk. She writes in white ink". ) when characterizing the essence of écriture féminine and explaining its origin. This notion raises problems for some theorists:

"Ecriture féminine, then, is by its nature transgressive, rule-transcending, intoxicated, but it is clear that the notion as put forward by Cixous raises many problems. The realm of the body, for instance, is seen as somehow immune to social and gender condition and able to issue forth a pure essence of the feminine. Such essentialism is difficult to square with feminism which emphasizes femininity as a social construction..."

Irigaray and Kristeva
For Luce Irigaray, women's sexual pleasure jouissance cannot be expressed by the dominant, ordered, "logical," masculine language because, according to Kristeva, feminine language is derived from the pre-oedipal period of fusion between mother and child which she termed the semiotic. Associated with the maternal, feminine language (which Irigaray called parler femme, womanspeak) is not only a threat to culture, which is patriarchal, but also a medium through which women may be creative in new ways. Irigaray expressed this connection between women's sexuality and women's language through the following analogy: women's jouissance is more multiple than men's unitary, phallic pleasure because

"woman has sex organs just about everywhere...feminine language is more diffusive than its 'masculine counterpart'. That is undoubtedly the reason...her language...goes off in all directions and...he is unable to discern the coherence."

Irigaray and Cixous also go on to emphasize that women, historically limited to being sexual objects for men (virgins or prostitutes, wives or mothers), have been prevented from expressing their sexuality in itself or for themselves. If they can do this, and if they can speak about it in the new languages it calls for, they will establish a point of view (a site of difference) from which phallogocentric concepts and controls can be seen through and taken apart, not only in theory, but also in practice.

Ettinger
Bracha L. Ettinger invented a field of notions and concepts to address and become aware of affects, feeling and trans-subjective connectivity that originates in the subject and humanizes her and him, according to Ettinger, via the feminine sexuality, pre-maternal experiences and maternal potentiality. Ettinger's language, developed slowly from 1985 and until now in poetic writing in artist's books and in academic writing, includes her original concepts like: matrixial time-space, matrixial space, metramorphosis, com-passion, coemergence, cofading, copoiesis, wit(h)nessing, fascinance, carriance, psychic pregnance, distance-in-proximity, borderlnking, borderspacing, proximity-in-distance, matrixial feminine/prenatal Encounter-event and ethical seduction-into-life. Many writers in the fields of film theory, psychoanalysis, ethics, aesthetics, Literature studies, Contemporary art and Art History    are using the Ettingerian matrixial sphere (matricial sphere) in their analysis of contemporary and historical material.

Critiques
The approach through language to feminist action has been criticised by some as over-theoretical: they would see the fact that the very first meeting of a handful of would-be feminist activists in 1970 only managed to launch an acrimonious theoretical debate as marking the situation as typically 'French' in its apparent insistence on the primacy of theory over politics. Nonetheless, in practice the French women's movement developed in much the same way as the feminist movements elsewhere in Europe or in the United States: French women participated in consciousness-raising groups; demonstrated in the streets on the 8 March; fought hard for women's right to choose whether to have children; raised the issue of violence against women; and struggled to change public opinion on issues concerning women and women's rights.

Further criticisms of écriture féminine include what some claim is an essentialist view of the body and the consequential reliance on a feminism of 'difference' which, according to Diana Holmes, for instance, tends to "demonize masculinity as the repository of all that (at least from a post-'68, broadly Left perspective) is negative." It also, says Holmes in French Women's Writings, 1848-1994 (1996), would exclude much of women's writing from the feminist canon.

Literary examples
As a result of the difficulties inherent in the notion of "écriture féminine", very few books of literary criticism have run the risk of using it as a critical tool. A. S. Byatt offers: "There is a marine and salty female wave-water to be...read as a symbol of female language, which is partly suppressed, partly self-communing, dumb before the intruding male and not able to speak out...thus mirroring those female secretions which are not inscribed in our daily use of language (langue, tongue)".

title: Écriture féminine


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User talk:KingXerxes

Welcome to Wikipedia. You've really hit the ground running, some good contributions already, and if you're reading this then you decided to come back for more. Great! When you get a chance, drop us a note at New user log to introduce yourself.

You can sign your name on talk pages by using " " for your username and " ~ " for your username and a timestamp. We normally do this on discussion pages as a courtesy, but not in articles.

 * Welcome is a good place to start.
 * How does one edit a page gives editing help.
 * Manual of Style gives formatting info.
 * Policies and guidelines tell about the principles we operate on. It's important, but don't try to read it all now.
 * Help covers a broad range of useful topics.
 * Village pump is a place to ask questions.
 * Show preview explains how to double-check your edits before saving.

Please feel free to drop me a question on my talk page if there's anything you think I can help with. Andrewa 18:41, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Gravitas

The article Gravitas has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Dictdef, already transwikied to wiktionary. I don't see any potential for expansion to an encyclopedia article.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. -- RoySmith (talk) 01:03, 21 February 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Brianna Diggers

The article Brianna Diggers has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Non notable character, no out of universe info or sources.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 18:34, 29 September 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:KingXerxes


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United States Senate Committee on Civil Service

United States Senate Committee on Civil Service is a defunct committee of the United States Senate. The first standing Senate committee with jurisdiction over the civil service was the United States Senate Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment, which was established on December 4, 1873, following unanimous approval of a resolution introduced by Henry B. Anthony of Rhode Island. On April 18, 1921, the committee was renamed the United States Senate Committee on Civil Service.

The Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 retained the Committee on Civil Service and established the committee's jurisdiction over all the aspects of civil service, the Census Bureau and the government's gathering of statistics, and the National Archives. The act also transferred to the committee jurisdiction over the postal service. On April 17, 1947, as specified by of the 80th United States Congress, the committee's name was changed from the Committee on Civil Service to the United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

The committee ceased to exist in February 1977, under S. Res. 4 of the 95th Congress when its functions were transferred to the Committee on Governmental Affairs.

In there were select or special committees pertaining to the Civil Service:
 * United States Senate Select Committee to Investigate the Operation of the Civil Service, 1888-1889 (50th Congress)
 * United States Senate Select Committee to Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service, 1875-1921 (43rd-67th Congresses)
 * United States Special Committee to Investigate the Administration of the Civil Service System, 1938-1941 (75th-76th Congresses)

Chairmen of the Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment, 1873-1921

 * George Wright (R-IA) 1873-1875
 * Powell Clayton (R-AR) 1875-1877
 * James G. Blaine (R-ME) 1877
 * Henry Teller (R-CO) 1877-1879
 * M. C. Butler (D-SC) 1879-1881
 * Joseph Hawley (R-CT) 1881-1887
 * Jonathan Chace (R-RI) 1887-1889
 * Edward O. Wolcott (R-CO) 1889-1893
 * Wilkinson Call (D-FL) 1893-1894
 * Thomas Jarvis (D-NC) 1894-1895
 * Jeter C. Pritchard (R-NC) 1895-1899
 * Lucien Baker (R-KS) 1899-1901
 * George C. Perkins (R-CA) 1901-1909
 * Albert Cummins (R-IA) 1909-1913
 * Atlee Pomerene (D-OH) 1913-1917
 * Kenneth McKellar (D-TN) 1917-1919
 * Thomas Sterling (R-SD) 1919-1921

Chairmen of the Committee on Civil Service, 1921-1947

 * Thomas Sterling (R-SD) 1921-1923
 * Robert Nelson Stanfield (R-OR) 1923-1925
 * James Couzens (R-MI) 1925-1926
 * Porter H. Dale (R-VT) 1926-1933
 * William J. Bulow (D-SD) 1933-1943
 * Kenneth McKellar (D-TN) 1943-1944
 * Sheridan Downey (D-CA) 1944-1947


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Callenish Circle

Callenish Circle was an extreme metal band from the Netherlands. They recorded three of their albums for Metal Blade Records, and broke up in February 2007. In the early 2000s things were going well for the band. In 2002 they toured with God Dethroned, played at the Dutch version of Ozzfest and the German Party San Open Air, and opened for Dimmu Borgir. Their fourth album was released by Metal Blade in 2003; to support it they played that year's Wacken Open Air and Summer Breeze festivals in Germany, and in October they were part of the Bonded By Metal Over Europe-tour, headlined by Exodus, Nuclear Assault, and Agent Steel. In 2006 they toured Mexico (cited by the band as the high point of their career), before they decided to break up in 2007.

A part of their song “Suffer My Disbelief” is used as an outro in the online review show Angry Joe Show.

Discography

 * Lovelorn (Demo, 1995)
 * Drift of Empathy (Album, Hammerheart, 1996)
 * Escape (EP, Polar Bear, 1998)
 * Graceful... Yet Forbidding (Album, DSFA (Benelux)/Edgerunner, 1999/2001)
 * Flesh Power Dominion (Album, Metal Blade, 2002)
 * My Passion // Your Pain (Album, Metal Blade, 2003)
 * Forbidden Empathy (2CD, Karmageddon Media, 2005)
 * [Pitch.Black.Effects] (Album, Metal Blade, 2005/2006)

Final line-up

 * Wim Vossen − bass
 * Remy Dieteren − guitar
 * Gavin Harte − drums
 * Ronny Tijssen − guitar
 * Patrick Savelkoul − vocals

Past members

 * Jos Evers − guitar (1992–1998)
 * Maurice Wagemans − bass (1992–1995)
 * John Gorissen − bass (1995–1997)
 * Roland Schuschke − bass (1997–2002)
 * René Rokx − bass (2002–2005)

title: Callenish Circle


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Talk:Survivor Series

TLC
It says on wwe.com that the ppv will be called TLC —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.203.7.66 (talk) 16:51, 9 September 2009 (UTC)
 * See Talk:Survivor Series. ♥ Nici ♥ Vampire ♥ Heart ♥ 17:04, 9 September 2009 (UTC)

 * There is a PPV scheduled for December called WWE Tables Ladders and Chairs and this covers the 2009 Survivor Series. NoseNuggets (talk) 9:08 PM US EDT Sept 21 2009.

Discussion
Will WWE release an anthology package for survivor series like they have the other three big four PPVs -sixshooter —Preceding unsigned comment added by 139.139.83.70 (talk) 14:27, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Currently, the links for "Rikishi" and "Kane" do not point to articles on their corresponding wrestlers, but to other things. I do not know their real names, so I can't really do better. Can somebody fix them? --Furrykef 18:44, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I got them now. --Furrykef 19:19, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Elimination Tables
Is the person who made elimination tables for the 1999 to 2005 events going to be making the same elimination tables for the 1987 to 1997 events? If not, I guess I could do it, but I am unable to go through the other events and see what moves eliminated each wrestler. It would be nice to have all the events to make the table being there consistent. - tv316 10:39, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

Separate Articles
Would it be worth moving each event to a new article. It has aleready been done to the WrestleMania, SummerSlam, and Royal Rumble articles. It would greatly reduce the size of this page.
 * As it is on the same level as SummerSlam in terms of importance that I would agree with seperate articles, as long as they are more detailed that the information on this page. Maybe talk to the people in the WikiProject for Pro Wrestling Aceboy 06:49, 3 July 2006 (UTC)

Survivor series date
It says this year its November 25th but on WWE.com it says it's on the 26th which is sunday so yeah.
 * No, according to the WWE, November 22nd is the date that is being advertised. NoseNuggets (talk) 9:12 PM US EDT Sept 21 2009.

Survivor Series 09 not being replaced
I don't know why I'm posting here, since people probably won't pay attention to it or won't see it before changing the page, but Survivor Series 09 is not being replaced by WWE TLC. The WWE information for Surviovor Series can be found here, and the information from WWE for WWE TLC can be found here, and they are clearly on two separate dates. Survivor Series is still being advertised, it's Armageddon that is not. Look at the event schedule for further clarification. ♥ Nici ♥ Vampire ♥ Heart ♥ 16:51, 9 September 2009 (UTC)

Survivor Series Logo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivor_Series is what is currently listed on the page and matches the poster of the 2009 edition. What is confusing is on not only RAW but the 11/06/09 edition of Smackdown, they are still clearly using the 2008 Logo to promote all matches and the event.

I think it should go back to the 2008 ver. until WWE programs start promoting under a different one. Thoughts? —Preceding unsigned comment added by BlackScreaminMachine (talk • contribs) 12:46, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

The Rock
On Facebook WWE created an event for Survivor Series 2011 that says "Don't miss THE ROCK's return to action after 8 years at WWE Survivor Series Nov. 20 at Madison Square Garden in New York City! Tickets go on sale Sept. 10 on Ticketmaster.com!" Is there any confirmation on this? Here is the link http://www.facebook.com/#!/event.php?eid=120719394696214

 * The WWE website has something about it, (http://www.wwe.com/shows/survivorseries/2011/the-rock-to-appear-at-survivor-series), but it isn't clear if it's Cena with The Rock or Cena vs The Rock, so I'm not sure the best way to put them appearing in the table on this page. BulbaThor (talk) 22:44, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Survivor Series


text:
User:Loadquo

My interests are in updating and expanding the machine learning sections of the wikipedia.

title: User:Loadquo


text:
Talk:World Championship Wrestling

Naming
This really belongs at "World Championship Wrestling". See for instance World Wrestling Federation, World Wrestling Entertainment, Extreme Championship Wrestling, etc.; all of these use the full title instead of the acronym. Besides, I believe using the full form is in the Naming conventions. --Furrykef 18:49, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Will no one do this? I can't do it myself because the target page already exists, and I'm not a sysop. --Furrykef 22:21, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Yeah, I want it changed too!

I will request this of the admins. --Chrysaor 19:48, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC) Update: Page has been moved... --Chrysaor 20:04, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Protection
I've requested protection for this page, as a series of anonymous editors are reverting to a disputed version with no explanation. McPhail 19:13, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Yeah, this is pissing me off Zpb52 19:52, Jun 9, 2005 (UTC)
 * The page had a protection tag on it, but was not actually protected. I wonder why that is. I noticed you guys have been working overtime to thwart certain anonymous editors' reverts of my attempts to make the article more neutral. I guess you agree with them, then? As for the anonymous editors, if any of you wish to discuss my changes and why you keep reverting them, feel free. I'm not above debate, and I'm not a McMahon flunkie, either. --Chrysaor 03:24, Jun 13, 2005 (UTC)

POV
I've marked this article with a POV notice. Calling McMahon's early actions "bullying" is just one example, as is blaming specific angles for the promotion's ultimate collapse. It's a POV held by many wrestling fans, but it's still POV. — Gwalla | Talk 22:30, 9 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, I did my best to edit the pre-nWo portion of the article and I think it's better. If I have time later, I'll tackle the rest of it. --Chrysaor 07:26, Jun 12, 2005 (UTC)
 * I think we can remove the NPOV tag now. I realize that the article still blames angles for the decline of WCW at the end, but it's prefaced with "some people believe that" and, as you said, it's a widely held belief. I'll remove the tag in a couple days if no one objects. --Chrysaor 19:29, Jun 15, 2005 (UTC)
 * It's much better than it was. I wouldn't object to removal of the POV notice.   — Gwalla | Talk 21:19, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)

I removed a lot of the extremly obvious POV tags from the Death of WCW. --Unopeneddoor 01:20, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

There should be a lot less POV statements now. Tell me if that's better.--Unopeneddoor 01:32, 12 July 2006 (UTC)

Some people have been vandelizing the Superbrawl & World War 3 with back yard "shows" show can you guy watch them BionicWilliam

The POV problems seem to be proliferating. Take this, for example, from the second section, "The NWA Years:" ... "World Championship Wrestling's core audience was not interested in the WWF's cartoonish approach, preferring a more athletic style." That's opinion, not facts. I don't know if anyone's even paying attention to this page, but that's just scratching the surface of the POV issues this article has. I'm considering cleaning it up, but it would be a massive undertaking. Thoughts? --Pagemonkey

Awakening a 5 year old topic here, this article is still not neutral and easily displays a negative tone without any attempt to hide it. ⒺⓋⒾ ⓁⒼⓄ ⒽⒶⓃ ② talk 09:36, 15 August 2010 (UTC)

World Heavyweight Championship (WWE) link
This was reverted back the last time I changed it, so I figured it would be a good time to explain why I changed it. When the WCW/ECW Alliance went out of business after Survivor Series 2001, Vince McMahon came on RAW the following night and stated that the WCW Championship would now be referred to as the World Championship. In every match that the title was defended in up to Vengeance 2001, the title was always referred to as the World Championship, not the World Heavyweight Championship. On many websites and the now-defunct WCW Championship title history on WWE.com, Chris Jericho was stated as the last person to hold the WCW Championship before becoming the WWF Undisputed Champion. In September of 2002, Eric Bischoff awarded the "Big Gold Belt" to Triple H and stated that he was the last man to hold the belt, referring to his run as the Undisputed Champion between March and April of 2002 before it was represented by one belt. That should prove that the World Championship defended between November and December of 2001 is NOT the same title as the present-day World Heavyweight Championship defended in WWE. Therefore, it should not have a link to that championship on that part of the page and should only state World Championship, as I have done.

Shane McMahon
Was he really an owner? I figured that was kayfabe? OsFan 14:43, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Kayfabe. Fixed it.  X-Mack 17:54, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

Last part of "The Death of WCW" section

 * With the return of ECW on it's way and all the hype over ECW the WWE feels that instead of having two brands RAW/Smackdown they would be better off with two or even three federations... They will all be run seperately no draft no interaction, With the exception of some ppvs and special matches but for the most part there will be three federations, WWE run by vince and the WWE booking team. ECW run by Paul Heyman Al Snow and Tommy Dreamer. and WCW run by Eric Bischoff Dusty Rhodes and a very close friend of Bischoff Diamond Dallas Page. These are all to be taken as rumors as of right now but from what I have heard there is a 99.9% chance of ecw returning and a 85.0% chance wcw will return... They are still ironing out details with the tv timeslot ecw may air on the internet for a few months untill they find a place for it and WCW will most likely takover Smackdown. If you take a look at smackdown the signs are all there for a WCW rebirth. WCW titles (World, US, Cruiser) WCW Refs (Nick Patrick, Charles Robinson) WCW PPV (Great American Bash) WCW Superstars (Rey, Helms, Booker T, Benoit, Finlay, Noble, Psicosis, Road Warrior Animal, Super Crazy) and now with Bischoff gone it leaves him free to start a wcw invasion on smackdown but sources say the invasion will start in the new ecw.

OK, all spelling errors and typos aside, this needs sources and I'm seriously thinking this is POV. 64.241.230.3 17:23, 15 May 2006 (UTC)

 * And now with the "future of WCW" section talking about the possible renaming of SmackDown! to World Championship Wrestling, I think it's only fair that whoever added that in should give us some credible sources as to whether or not that might actually happen-- 'cuz I've heard *nothing* about that, and in fact I find it extremely unlikely that Vince would bring back WCW. ekedolphin 05:25, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I take full responsibility for that section. I am sorry for using the Wikipedia entry to trade in speculation.  I began editing only several months ago and am still learning about how it works.  In this case, I drew the conclusion based on two facts:

 * ECW was recently brought back as a brand by WWE. Along with WWF and WCW, the old ECW was one of the "big three" organizations around 2000.
 * The CW will pick up Friday Night SmackDown! as part of the UPN/WB merger. Half of the CW is owned by the same company (Time Warner) that owned WCW before it was sold to Vince McMahon.
 * Therefore, why wouldn't McMahon revisit the old "three-party system" of the 1997-2000 era? Rename SmackDown! WCW and leave RAW with the WWE name.  Maybe even rename the show WCW Friday Night SmackDown!  Then I thought that I had heard nothing about that, so I decided to put the disclaimer on the page to be safe.  Again, no inside info, just a gut feeling.  It could have been worse though: I could have named my fan-fiction character the new champion, a la David Arquette!--Desmond Hobson 16:10, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

WCW logo
When were the lasted WCW logos (the "Invasion" angle and the cool-looking one) created and when were each one of them official? Johnluisocasio (talk) 21:49, 13 December 2007 (UTC)

I need one person's help to recreate the 1999-2001 WCW logo for the company. J4lambert (talk) 01:46, 30 May 2011 (UTC)

External links- WCW.com?????
Why did someone edit the External links section to go to WCW.com which doesn't exist?? There is no reason to have this link. The link should go to WWE.com as WWE is the owner of all WCW properties and holdings.Sivazh 22:06, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

WCW.com redirects to WWE.com

My two cents
I think they should keep this current content the way it is. Some sources are just like this article, having sourced to another page. My point is not to delete the article, but, to improve the quality of the entry. I beg of you to keep this article. Sundogs 13:59, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

The Acquisition by WWF
Is it just me, or does the fourth paragraph of this section seem POV? But I'll leave it up to you more experienced people to edit it if/how you see fit, mainly because I can't think of any way to reword it.JoeTBF13 03:51, 24 November 2006 (UTC)

Introductory Paragraph
This article was mysteriously missing an introductory paragraph, so I took it upon myself to compose one. Feel free to make any edits to it you deem are necessary. Thanks. Gujuguy 04:07, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

Added list of TV programs
-Rawisrob

Sign didn't pan out
Remember the WCW on Versus speculation sign in Pittsburgh the day after Survivor Series? Well, that didn't work out didn't it:( Not even on the page anymore. - Desmond Hobson 00:26, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Changing all WWE references to WWF
I'm in the process of changing all instances of "WWE" in the article to "WWF." To refer to WWE as "WWE" in this article is anachronistic, as the company didn't rename itself as WWE until a year or two after it had acquired WCW. Anybody object? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Gujuguy (talk • contribs) 19:10, 23 February 2007 (UTC).

Well, I agree with you, but all references to the “WWF” were changed to “WWE”, even when talking about the past. For example, they don’t call Hulk Hogan a 5 time “WWF” Champion and a 1 time “WWE” Champion. The simply call him a 6 time “WWE” Champion. You could say something like, “…WWE (WWF at the time)…”, or something like that. You’re right, but legally, you’re wrong, thus the name change in the first place. Get it??--Prince Patrick 17:25, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Then take that up at WP:PW because according to WP:PW policy all references to WWE before 2002 (or whenever the name change took place) are to be changed to WWF. B mg 9 1 6 Speak to Me 17:28, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

I don't have to take anything to anybody. I agree with the change from WWE back to WWF for anyhting prior to 2002. I just thought it had to be changed for legal purposes. Why do you think they edit out all references to the “F”, even in past footage of DVDs and among other things?? They didn’t change the name going forward. They changed the name going forward AND all past references. DUH!!--Prince Patrick 17:39, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

They legally have to change it yes, I know that. For some reason unbeknownst to me personally, we don't have to here, that's why I suggested taking it to WP:PW because somebody there might know. Also, please be more civil. B mg 9 1 6 Speak to Me 19:39, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Oh, well if we don't have to here, then yes, I say change it.--Prince Patrick 19:45, 2 March 2007 (UTC)
 * WWE legally can't say "WWF" (though they can say "World Wrestling Federation". We are not under that obligation, so it was agreed at WP:PW that all references to WWE before May 6, 2002 be changed to "WWF" (and that all references to it before 1979 be changed to "WWWF"). TJ Spyke 06:59, 3 March 2007 (UTC)

Oh okay. That makes sense.--Prince Patrick 14:47, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

They eliminated all references to WWF because the World Wildlife Fund has the exclusive right to use the initials WWF. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 4.182.204.232 (talk) 03:23, 13 November 2010 (UTC)

GA-Candidate
Hi, I've just nominated it for GA-status, if you feel it could be improved in any way (less pics, more references etc.), can you please leave a comment underneath - I will try and update the article as soon as possible. Davnel03 12:56, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

push for GA-Status and hopefully FA
I am currently trying to extensively reference this page with the hope of eventually making it a Featured Article. Any assistance is appreciated but I do request references be of proper standard and not just fansites. I also hope editors will respect the ongoing work and not arbitrarily remove unsourced material. We'll get there in the end! ŞůṜīΣĻ ¹98¹ SpeakSign 22:27, 7 April 2007 (UTC)

Information regarding the acquisition of the WCW by WWF
Please do NOT remove the information placed there tonight. Said information is valid, and if necessary, I can find and post the entire text from Linda McMahon referenced as I had copy and pasted it to a message board I once frequented. Furthermore, the information regarding WCW footage on WWE DVDs is also accurate, in terms of the footage listed.

Warwolf 05:45, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Per Wikipedia policy, no information can be added if it is original research or contains claims that are not verified by reliable sources and violates the neutral point of view.-- bullet proof  3:16 06:04, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

To that I offer this link in response, which consists of several cut and pasted articles from the day the announcement of the purchase was posted on the web, March 23, 2001: http://www.silabub.com/ubb/Forum1/HTML/001971.html

The above link is an archived section with discussion on the purchase, starting with the actual information, on a message board I once frequented.

72.228.38.42 07:07, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

Unfortunately message board/fan forum links are unacceptable under policy. There is no proof that the person who posted those articles did not just make them up. It would be extremely easy to do so just by copying WWE's standard press-release format. ŞůṜīΣĻ ¹98¹ Speak 11:53, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

GA Fail
Unfortunately it's a fail for now.

Improvements necessary for GA:

 * Article needs a re-org. Article is way too strongly weighted towards the "History" section - in fact, the whole thing is History. I would suggest creating new top-level headings on major topics of relevance to the WCW and reworking much of the existing material into those. A good deal of the history sub-section could also go into a sub-article. (See National Hockey League, a GA, for an example of a well-organized article in a similar genre). This will be a major task.
 * Writing is generally very good, but there is a nasty run-on sentence with comma misuse in the lead (first paragraph).
 * Per WP:LAYOUT please put "details", "main", "see also" templates after section headings but before the text.
 * A good number of paragraphs do not have any citations. Some have NPOV problems; for example "Another thing Bischoff may have failed to consider..." - an opinion like this is fine only if it comes from a reliable source. The "Decline" section is also full of opinions and analyses that do not appear to be sourced.
 * "Image:Original-nWo.jpg" and "Image:Fingerpoke of Doom.jpg" need detailed fair-use rationales added to their description pages.

Improvements not necessary for GA:

- Merzbow 08:06, 8 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Some of the pictures are pretty low-quality. If you can find better pictures that would improve the article.
 * Please move all ref tag cites after punctuation.

section on fan demand of a WCW brand return
I beleive that there should be a short section on the fact that fans are asking for a WCW return, much like ECW. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.106.165.28 (talk) 01:41, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't see any demand. ECW was different in that it was a niche organization that made its fame for hardcore wrestling. I loved WCW, but it and WWF were basically the same. Anyways, I haven't seen the demand for a WCW return and don't think it should be mentioned in the article (and it's only mentioned in the ECW article because WWE did bring it back).  TJ   Spyke   01:59, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

Articles_for_deletion/Pamela_Paulshock
An interviewer for WCW is now up for deletion. You are welcome to comment there. Ikip 23:50, 26 January 2010 (UTC)

has anyone checked this article for validity?
Though I expect my edit will be changed hopefully it won't. here the source for the change I made: http://www.wrestling-titles.com/wcw/wcw-in-h.html

I corrected the years of the wcw international title. It had it listed from 1994 to 1999 where as it existed from 1993 -1994. This isn't something that is rapidly changing. WCW is over so there's no reason the information listed can't be right. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.15.191.119 (talk) 00:49, 15 June 2010 (UTC)

No NASCAR?
The article mentions monster trucks based on WCW but how come there are no mentions of WCW's NASCAR race cars? They had a ton of cars over the years and I think it merits mentioning in the WCW in other media section probably more so than their monster truck endeavors. TheGary (talk) 21:52, 9 May 2011 (UTC)

Jim Crockett Promotions
Shouldn't the article for Jim Crockett Promotions be merged with this one, under the WCW name? I know it was a different era, but WCW was, technically, a continuation of JCP. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.104.61.228 (talk) 03:27, 23 February 2017 (UTC)
 * It's not the same promotion. Turner Broadcasting bought most of the assets of JCP to form WCW, but not JCP itself, which continued as a company, if only to settle debts. This included the name, which had been originally used by Georgia Championship Wrestling for the Saturday TV series beginning when TBS became a cable superstation, as well as memebership in the NWA, which still existed on paper, though there were no other active member promotions in the US. Jim Crockett Jr. stayed on to run the new company for a while, before he left while still under a no-compete clause. When that expired, JCP almost re-entered the business as a separate entity, but the 80s boom was done by then and he decided against it.
 * Of note, at the time of the sale, Jim Crockett Jr was also the sitting president of the NWA, and he signed over full ownership of the NWA World Heavyweight Championship to WCW. WCW actually remained a member of the NWA until 1993, and in the interim allowed other regional promotions to join, figuring they could be used as developmental territories. However, when they started to demand appearances by the world champion, as was their right as NWA territories, WCW finally left for good. In the settlement, WCW actually got full ownership of the entire World Heavyweight Championship lineage up to that point, meaning that any claims that the modern NWA title has any history before 1993 are false. That history belongs to the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, and is now actually owned by WWE. The modern NWA title history begins in 1993, with a title tournament that was won by Shane Douglas. That part, as they say, is foundational history for the ECW title. oknazevad (talk) 03:06, 22 January 2018 (UTC)

 * Interesting, because all of the JCP-created championships along with the feuds and wrestlers' contracts carried over to WCW, and the championship reigns continued into WCW. That's why I see them as the same company.  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.210.210.247 (talk) 07:49, 28 May 2018 (UTC)

"Dubya See Dubya" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Dubya See Dubya. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 September 20 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. feminist (+) 01:52, 20 September 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:24, 20 October 2022 (UTC)
 * NWO logo (wrestling) column.png

title: Talk:World Championship Wrestling


text: User talk:81.86.131.30

title: User talk:81.86.131.30


text:
United States Senate Committee on Claims

The United States Senate Committee on Claims was among the first standing committees established in the Senate. It dealt generally with issues related to private bills and petitions. After reforms in the 1880s that created judicial and administrative remedies for petitioners, it declined in importance, and were abolished in 1947.

The United States House of Representatives also had a Committee on Claims until 1946, when its duties were absorbed by the United States House Committee on the Judiciary.

Chairmen of the Committee on Claims, 1816–1947

 * Jonathan Roberts (R-PA) 1816–1818
 * Robert Henry Goldsborough (F-MD) 1818–1819
 * Jonathan Roberts (R-PA) 1819–1820
 * James J. Wilson (R-NJ) 1820–1821
 * Benjamin Ruggles (R/NR-OH) 1821–1833
 * Samuel Bell (W-NH) 1833–1835
 * Arnold Naudain (W-DE) 1835–1836
 * Henry Hubbard (D-NH) 1836–1841
 * William A. Graham (W-NC) 1841–1843
 * Ephraim Foster (W-TN) 1843–1845
 * Isaac S. Pennybacker (D-VA) 1845–1847
 * James Mason (D-VA) 1847–1849
 * Moses Norris, Jr. (D-NH) 1849–1851
 * Richard Brodhead (D-PA) 1851–1857
 * Alfred Iverson, Sr. (D-GA) 1857–1861
 * Daniel Clark (R-NH) 1861–1866
 * Timothy Howe (R-WI) 1866–1873
 * George Wright (R-IA) 1873–1877
 * Samuel J. R. McMillan (R-MN) 1877–1879
 * Francis Cockrell (D-MO) 1879–1881
 * Angus Cameron (R-WI) 1881–1885
 * Austin F. Pike (R-NH) 1885–1886
 * John C. Spooner (R-WI) 1886–1891
 * John H. Mitchell (R-OR) 1891–1893
 * Samuel Pasco (D-FL) 1893–1895
 * Henry M. Teller (R-CO) 1895–1899
 * Francis E. Warren (R-WY) 1899–1905
 * Charles W. Fulton (R-OR) 1905–1909
 * Henry E. Burnham (R-NH) 1909–1911
 * Coe I. Crawford (R-SD) 1911–1913
 * Nathan P. Bryan (D-FL) 1913–1917
 * Joseph T. Robinson (D-AR) 1917–1919
 * Selden P. Spencer (R-MO) 1919–1922
 * Arthur Capper (R-KS) 1922–1925
 * Rice W. Means (R-CO) 1925–1927
 * Robert B. Howell (R-NE) 1927–1933
 * Josiah W. Bailey (D-NC) 1933–1940
 * none 1940–1942
 * Prentiss M. Brown (D-MI) 1942–1943
 * Josiah W. Bailey (D-NC) 1943–1944
 * Allen J. Ellender (D-LA) 1944–1947


text:
Conger

Conger is a genus of marine congrid eels. It includes some of the largest types of eels, ranging up to 2 m (6 ft) or more in length, in the case of the European conger. Large congers have often been observed by divers during the day in parts of the Mediterranean Sea, and both European and American congers are sometimes caught by fishermen along the European and North American Atlantic coasts.

The life histories of most conger eels are poorly known. Based on collections of their small leptocephalus larvae, the American conger eel has been found to spawn in the southwestern Sargasso Sea, close to the spawning areas of the Atlantic freshwater eels.

"Conger" or "conger eel" is sometimes included in the common names of species of the family Congridae, including members of this genus.

Description
Congers have wide mouths with sturdy teeth, usually a variant of gray or black in coloration. They have no scales. Their body weight can reach over 57 kilograms (125 lbs).

Species

 * Conger cinereus Rüppell, 1830 (longfin African conger)
 * Conger conger (Linnaeus, 1758) (European conger)
 * Conger erebennus (D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1901) (Anaconger)
 * Conger esculentus Poey, 1861 (grey conger)
 * Conger macrocephalus Kanazawa, 1958
 * Conger marginatus Valenciennes, 1850 (Hawaiian Mustache Conger)
 * Conger melanopterus Kodeeswaran et al., 2023
 * Conger myriaster (Brevoort, 1856) (whitespotted conger)
 * Conger oceanicus (Mitchill, 1818) (American conger)
 * Conger oligoporus Kanazawa, 1958
 * Conger orbignianus Valenciennes, 1842 (Argentine conger)
 * Conger philippinus Kanazawa, 1958
 * Conger triporiceps Kanazawa, 1958 (manytooth conger)
 * Conger verreauxi Kaup, 1856 (southern conger)
 * Conger wilsoni (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Cape conger)

Formerly Included Species

 * Conger anagoides Bleeker, 1853 (sea conger) - now Ariosoma anagoides
 * Conger auratus Costa, 1844 (bandtooth conger) - now Ariosoma balearicum

Fishing
Fishing for congers was first recorded in the 12th century. The Norman taxation Pipe Roll recorded two éperquerie on Guernsey and one on Sark. These were designated places where congers were dried.

One species of the conger eel, Conger myriaster, is an important food fish in East Asia. It is often served as sushi.

Behaviour
Congers are predators and can attack humans. In July 2013, a diver was attacked by a European conger eel in Killary Harbour, Ireland, at a depth of 25 m. The eel bit a large chunk from his face. The diver reported the creature was more than 1.8 m in length and "about the width of a human thigh".

title: Conger


text: Category:Protected

title: Category:Protected


text:
Kočani

Kočani (Кочани ) is a town in the eastern part of North Macedonia, situated around 100 km east from Skopje. It has a population of 24,632 and is the seat of the Kočani Municipality.

Geography and population
The town spreads across the Northern side of the Kočani valley, along the banks of the Kočani river, where it leaves the mountain slopes and flows through the valley. North of the town there is the Osogovo mountain (2252 m) and 8 km to the south the valley is closed by the mountain Plačkovica (1754 m). The town is 350 - 450 m above sea level.

Kočani spreads over an area of 18.6 km2 and has population of 28,330 inhabitants which makes it the third regional center in the Eastern part of the country:
 * 1948 - 6,657 inhabitants
 * 1994 - 26,364 inhabitants
 * 2002 - 28,330 inhabitants

Ethnic structure
According to the 1903 Austrian consular reports on ethnic composition of the kazas of the Sanjak of Skopje in 1903, the kaza of Kočani was populated by a total of 39,406 inhabitants, of whom 16,524 (41.93%) were Bulgarian Exarchists, 11,600 (29.44%) Ottoman Muslim, 7,800 (19.79%) Albanians, 1,680 (4.26%) Aromanians, 1,090 (2.77%) Patriarchists and 712 (1.8%) Romanis.

According to the 2002 census, the ethnic composition of the city is as follows:
 * Macedonian: 90.3%
 * Roma: 5.0%
 * Turks: 3.0%
 * Vlachs: 0.5%
 * Serbs: 0.2%
 * Other: 1.0%

Religious denomination

 * Orthodox: 96%
 * Muslims: 3%
 * Catholic: 0.3%
 * Other: 0.7%

As of 2021, the city of Kočani has 24.632 inhabitants and the ethnic composition was the following:

 * Macedonians – 20.229
 * Romani - 1.892
 * Aromanians - 169
 * Turks - 138
 * Serbs - 36
 * Albanians – 12
 * Bosniaks – 11
 * others – 118
 * Person without Data - 2.027

Climate
The climate is humid subtropical (Köppen: Cfa), influenced by altered Mediterranean climate which penetrates along the river Bregalnica. The average temperature is 12.9 C with 538 mm rainfall.

City Council
Following the 2021 local elections, the City Council is constituted as follows:

History
Due to its favourable geographic location, together with excellent natural climate characteristics, Kočani was inhabited as early as the ancient times first by the Paionians, Meds and Thracians. Later on, in the 6th century the Slavs inhabited parts of the region. More precisely, in the 7th century members of the Slavic tribe Smolyani colonized the Kočani valley and built a fortification. The founders of the Slavic education, brothers Kiril and Metodij (Cyril and Methodius), stayed in the valley from the year 845 to 855 and in the Bregalnica area (Morodvis) started to preach Christianity in Slavic language.

Although the settlement existed long before that, Kočani was first mentioned in a charter from 1337 in which Despot Jovan Oliver donated the church of St. Dimitrija to Kočani.

Archaeological finds in the town itself have revealed remains of a settlement here in the Roman and Byzantine periods. Early in the 15th century it fell under Turkish rule. The travel chronicler Evliya Çelebi, who visited it in 1662, recorded that it had 600 households, a mosque, a mezjid, an inn and 15 handicraft stores. During the 18th and in the early 19th century, the town growth rate stagnated. It was only around 1878 that the population began to rise, at which time it had about 450–500 households. The town has two feudal residences in the shape of towers believed to date from the 16th - 17th century.

Monuments
Numerous cultural and historical monuments, from ancient times to the Middle Ages, can be found in the vicinity of Kočani. One of them is an archeological site of Dolno Gradishte from the late antic period, and two medieval towers at the city center.

Monastery complexes in the nearby villages Morodvis and Panteley are world-famous both for their architecture and unique frescoes.

Features

The town green, especially along the river bed and banks of the Kočani river, is the pride of the local people. The town is very clean and neat, for which it has proudly held the prestigious title of the cleanest town in North Macedonia.

Today Kočani is a modern town with planned infrastructure, avenues, many modern buildings and blocks of flats, a hospital, a shopping centre, a park and a newly built industrial zone. All this is carefully planned and structured, according to modern standards of living and esthetics. New suburbs are mainly built to the east where the town almost reaches the first houses of Orizari and to the West spreading over the industrial zone.

Education
The City of Kočani is served by four primary schools:

 * Nikola Karev Primary School
 * Saints Cyril and Methodius Primary School
 * Rade Kratovče Primary School
 * Malina Popivanova Primary School

There are also two secondary schools:

 * Ljupčo Santov Gymnasium (specializing in economics)
 * Gjošo Vikentev (specializing in electronics and machining)

There is also a primary school specializing in music:

 * Risto Jurukov Primary School for Music

The city also maintains a municipal library "Iskra" ("spark").

Sports
Local football club FK Osogovo has played several seasons in the Macedonian First Football League.

Town partnerships
Kočani maintains partnership links with the following places:
 * 🇧🇬 Kazanlak, Bulgaria
 * 🇭🇺 Szigetszentmiklós, Hungary
 * 🇹🇷 Yenifoça, Turkey
 * Križevci, Croatia
 * 🇺🇦 Pereyaslav, Ukraine
 * Kranj, Slovenia
 * 🇷🇸 Novi Kneževac, Serbia
 * 🏴 Gosport, England

Notable people

 * Kočani Orkestar, musicians
 * Kiril F. Dzmbov, nuclear physicist, member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and of MANU
 * Rade Kratovče, revolutionary
 * Pavle Krošarev, pilot, (the first Macedonian civil-aviation pilot to achieve the rank of an airline captain)
 * Branko Pendovski, writer, president of the Writers' Association of Macedonia
 * Malina Popivanova, revolutionary
 * Blagoja Popov, politician, Chairman of the Executive Council (Prime Minister) of Macedonia 1974–1982
 * Blagoj S. Popov, mathematician and first dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics of the University of Skopje, member of MANU
 * Ljupčo Santov, revolutionary
 * Stevo Teodosievski, musician
 * Boyka Vaptsarova bg, public figure, wife of Bulgarian poet Nikola Vaptsarov
 * Jordan Pop-Jordanov, engineer and physicist, member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
 * Dr. Blagica Jovanova, engineer and Ph.D. in computer science, scientist, visiting professor in Universities in Paris and Macedonia, member and contributor of MPEG standards
 * Simeon Kango Ivanov, musician
 * Gošo Vikentiev, commander in the XIV Macedonian Youth National Liberation Brigade in the attack to liberate Kočani from the Axis powers during World War II

title: Kočani


text:
Talk:Mon Chéri

should be added "boero" reference https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boero_(dolce) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.55.20.114 (talk) 10:14, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

From VfD:

Mon Chéri is no more notable than any other type of candy. - Kenwarren 18:53, Jul 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Also delete Ferrero Rocher, and Kinder Egg.  The Ferrero company should know better than to peddle their cavity causing products in an encylopedia. PP Jewel 19:20, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * comment: we'd better remove all articles about unhealthy things and their producers then. Ianb 21:17, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Fascinating stub (and delicious product), and this one at least was not created as an advert. Deal with the others by normal processes. I suspect the eventual result may be to merge them all to Ferrero (chocolate) as redirects, we will see. Such merges with redirect do not require a VfD listing, of course. If treckies can have their pages, I don't see why we chocoholics can't have ours! Andrewa 19:31, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. There are plenty of aticles on other products/brands.  Such articles at the very least present a reference for those outside the culture familiar with the prodcuct who may have seen reference in a movie or literature.  Additional infomation then provides wider information to students of business/maketing and anyone who may just be interested in the origins or vaireties of a product they use.
 * Comment: Please sign your votes, User:Dainamo. Andrewa 07:16, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. References for some claims would be good, but it's not an ad - David Gerard 19:51, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Well-known, established product, plenty of precedents Pringles, Mars_bar etc. Ianb 21:17, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - the OP's reason for requesting deletion is correct but not valid. - TB 22:11, Jul 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep rewrite. The Italian version was a copyvio, BTW.  And my wife loves these things! - Lucky 6.9 03:37, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Okay, I missed something, I think. Are you saying that every brand name of every product is encyclopedic? I'm looking at What Wikipedia is not, and I would think that goes against item 2 (for starters) in the section What Wikipedia entries are not, because right now Mon Chéri is nothing more than the product description equivalent of a dictionary entry, and I don't really see any way for it to ever be more. I'm willing to change this opinion with a bit of persuasion, but nothing above is at all persuasive. - Kenwarren 03:44, Jul 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * Or, to put it another way (and steal a phrase from a different discussion) I don't see any way that an article about a single brand of a single product can ever be a verifiable, neutral non-stub, unless that brand has reached the status of a generic term for the entire product family, i.e. kleenex. - Kenwarren 04:02, Jul 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd have to question why not? It seems to me that the facts in that article are neutral (it certainly doesn't have the ring of advertising, nor does it make claims as the the quality of the product); it seems verifiable (by people going to the movies in europe); and it's not even that stubby. What's wrong with the current entry? [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 20:18, 2004 Jul 25 (UTC)
 * I don't expect to open an encyclopedia and find every brand of candy known to man in it. If this one is in, then so should be every other candy, which will amount to thousands of articles about candies. Including too much marginal material runs the risk of diluting the content of Wikipedia to the point where it's no longer useful. - Kenwarren 12:55, Jul 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * I disagree. It's very hard to see what kind of damage this is doing; disk space is cheap, and there's nothing else with this name. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 13:11, 2004 Jul 27 (UTC)
 * Keep. bbx 13:40, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. delete Mon Chérie FiP 09:46, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Can hardly believe I'm reading this. nach0king 14:01, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Comment: I've been looking into Mon Chéri. I found out a couple of things. First, it's a brand name for an entire line of chocolate confections, not just chocolate covered cherries. So the article as it stands is somewhat inaccurate, since it represents Mon Chéri as a specific chocolate confection. Second, as far as I can tell, at this time the chocolate covered cherries aren't available worldwide. I certainly can't find a source for them in the US, and a local independent high-end chocolate shop says that the only way they can get them is ordering them from a European distributor in October. - Kenwarren 12:55, Jul 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Food is encyclopedic. Academic Challenger 00:20, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

end moved dicussion

Pop culture reference
The link from a type of chcolate praline to Home Alone 2 is so tenuous as to be non-existent. There would be one incredibly long list if we include all mentions of "mon chéri/ma cherie" in popular English language culture. Funny anecdote? Yes. Relevance = 0!

Ferrero Mon Chéri is a registered product and comes in two versions one for the US and another for the ROW. It is not a line of chocolates. Thus it is a particular product in the US and a different particular product in the rest of the world. A line of products would be Ferrero's Kinder line (Kinder Chocolate, Kinder Surprise, Kinder Bueno et al).

85.22.2.25 16:14, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

stores
where can i find mon cheri hazulnut.love them and cant find them around where is live is there a chain store that cares them in amarica,usa

rockker65@yahoo.com —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rockker65 (talk • contribs) 03:27, 31 October 2009 (UTC)

Mon "Cherry"?
Is there no connection, however tenuous, to the use of "Mon Chéri" as the brand name for the confection and the fact that the filling is cherry? Or is this simply a cross-language coincidence? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Partnerfrance (talk • contribs) 14:54, 19 December 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Mon Chéri. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101220042533/http://www.ferrero.fr/nos_marques/mon_cheri/ to http://www.ferrero.fr/nos_marques/mon_cheri

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:26, 4 February 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mon Chéri


text:
United States Senate Committee on Coast Defenses

The United States Senate Committee on Coast Defenses was created in 1885 to deal with the country's coastal defenses. It was abolished in 1921 during a reorganization of the U.S. Senate.

Chairmen of the Committee on Coast Defenses, 1885-1921

 * Joseph Dolph (R-OR) 1885-1891
 * Watson Squire (R-WA) 1891-1893
 * John Gordon (D-GA) 1893-1895
 * Watson Squire (R-WA) 1895-1897
 * Joseph R. Hawley (R-CT) 1897
 * George W. McBride (R-OR) 1898-1901
 * John H. Mitchell (R-OR) 1901-1905
 * Philander C. Knox (R-PA) 1905-1908
 * George S. Nixon (R-NV) 1908-1911
 * Charles Curtis (R-KS) 1911-1913
 * James E. Martine (D-NJ) 1913-1914
 * Blair Lee I (D-MD) 1914-1917
 * Charles S. Thomas (D-CO) 1917-1919
 * Joseph S. Frelinghuysen (R-NJ) 1919-1921


text:
United States Senate Committee on Coast and Insular Survey

The United States Senate Committee on Coast and Insular Survey was created in 1899 and terminated in 1921.

Chairmen

 * Addison G. Foster (R-WA) 1899-1903
 * Levi Ankeny (R-WA) 1903-1905
 * Samuel Piles (R-WA) 1905-1911
 * Charles E. Townsend (R-MI) 1911-1913
 * Willard Saulsbury, Jr. (D-DE) 1913-1918
 * Edward J. Gay (D-LA) 1918-1919
 * Walter Edge (R-NJ) 1919-1921


text:
God Dethroned

God Dethroned is a Dutch extreme metal band from Beilen, originally formed in 1990.

Biography
God Dethroned was formed in 1990 by singer and guitar player Henri Sattler, with Hans Leegstra (guitar) and Ard de Weerd. Sattler and Leegstra had previously been in Dysentery; Leegstra, quickly after the band formed, left the music scene altogether. They recorded a demo, Christ Hunt, in 1991, after which Marco Arends joined on bass. Their first album, The Christhunt, was released on the German label Shark. Meanwhile, Arends left (to rejoin Altar) and was replaced by Marcel Beukeveld. The Christhunt did poorly; the label had refused to feature a dissected rat on the cover and did not promote the record at all. Dethroned went on hiatus the following year, in part because Sattler's anti-Christian sympathy was not shared by all, and Sattler formed a new group called Ministry of Terror. In 1996, after that band's 1994 album Fall of Life and a supporting European tour (with Impaled Nazarene), Sattler re-formed God Dethroned with guitarist Jens van der Valk (who did not share Sattler's anti-Christian sympathies either), bassist Beef, and drummer Roel Sanders. With this lineup a deal was signed with Metal Blade, and they issued The Grand Grimoire in Europe in 1997; the album was released in the U.S. the following year, along with a re-issue of The Christhunt, which featured the original cover art, with the dissected rat.

The Grand Grimorie did much better than The Christhunt did, and the band soon entered into a sort of high point. The lineup of Sattler, Van Der Valk, Beef and Sanders would record the album Bloody Blasphemy, which many fans of the band consider to be their best work to date. Successful tours and shows with bands like Marduk, Immortal, and Deicide would later follow. After Bloody Blasphemy, Sanders soon left the band and was replaced by Puerto Rican drummer Tony Laureano. Laureano played with the band up till 2003, when he received an offer to join the American death metal band Nile. He would record only one album with the band: 2001's Ravenous.

A new drummer was found, Ariën Van Weesenbeek, and the band entered the studio at the end of 2002 to record Into the Lungs of Hell. More problems began to follow, as Beef and Jens were tired with the direction of the band and wanted to push for a more heavy and extreme sound with more anti-Christian lyrics (themes that had begun to start to fade to an extent on Ravenous), whereas Sattler wanted to keep the band at a more melodic and darker sound with lyrics focused more on darkness, horror, nihilism, and other themes. After the recording and a short amount of touring for Into the Lungs of Hell, both the bassist and guitarist left the band, and Henri Sattler had to go look out for members once again. Bassist Henk Zinger was quickly brought into the fold, and Ariën van Weesenbeek recommended Belgian guitarist Isaac Delahaye to the band. This lineup would finish up the remaining tour dates and would go back into the studio to record another album, 2005's The Lair of the White Worm.

After touring for a little while, the band then went back into the studio with legendary producer Rick Rubin, and released The Toxic Touch in 2006 through American.

In January 2008, two personnel changes were made. Since Ariën van Weesenbeek had joined Dutch symphonic metal band Epica full-time in December 2007, he was replaced with former drummer Roel Sanders. After a writing period, Passiondale was recorded and released in early 2009. The album's concept is based on The Battle of Passchendaele during World War I. Once the album was completed, auditions were held and Susan Gerl was selected as the new guitar player. Shortly after the release Roel Sanders was asked to leave the band and Michiel Van Der Plicht was brought in.

In 2010, Henri Sattler stated in a Metal Blade Press release: "We are halfway through the writing process for a new album, which we will record starting end of May. First, we'll play on the Killfest tour in the U.S. supporting Overkill together with label mates Woe of Tyrants and many other great bands.

Abigail Williams' axeman Ian Jekelis will take over touring duties for Susan, with whom we parted ways last January. We will announce the name of our new shredder right before we play our first European festival in May"

Shortly after, guitarist Danny Tunker (Prostitute Disfigurement, Detonation) was announced as the new lead guitarist.

The New God Dethroned album Under The Sign Of The Iron Cross was released through Metal Blade on 22 November 2010 and met rave reviews. It marked the first time God Dethroned became 'Album Of The Month' in the Netherlands' Aardschok magazine.

Sattler announced that 2011 will be the last year of the band and their final show will be in December, but they performed at 70000 Tons of Metal festival in January 2012, after which they officially disbanded.

Sattler announced that the band will reunite in 2015, performing at the 70,000 Tons of Metal Festival in January. While they will only be a "small selection of shows," according to Sattler, the band does have more shows planned for 2015. But later on, God Dethroned played a lot of shows and in 2017 they even recorded a new album The World Ablaze.

The World Ablaze is the third album of the band's World War I trilogy. The album got high ranks in metal charts. With lead guitarist Mike Ferguson and bass guitarist Jeroen Pomper, God Dethroned's newest album, Illuminati was released on 7 February 2020.

Musical style
God Dethroned originally formed as a death metal band. When they reformed in 1996, they switched to blackened death metal and stayed that way until the release of Into the Lungs of Hell, when they shifted to melodic death metal. They are, however, "an important part of the Dutch black metal scene", according to The Encyclopedia of Dutch Black Metal. Their latest albums saw a return to their original blackened death metal sound.

Members

 * Current Lineup
 * Henri "T.S.K." Sattler - vocals, rhythm guitar (1991-1993, 1996-2012, 2015-present)
 * Jeroen Pomper - bass (2015-present)
 * Dave Meester - lead guitar (2019-present)
 * Frank 'Skillpero' Schilperoort - drums (2020 - present)

 * Former members
 * Ard de Weerd - drums (1991-1993)
 * Hans Leegstra - lead guitar (1991-1993)
 * Marco Barends - bass (1991-1992)
 * Marcel Beukeveld - bass (1992-1993; died 2016)
 * Jens van der Valk - lead guitar (1996-2003)
 * Beef - bass (1996-2003)
 * Roel Sanders - drums (1996-1999, 2008-2009)
 * Tony Laureano - drums (1999-2001)
 * Ariën van Weesenbeek - drums (2001-2008)
 * Isaac Delahaye - lead guitar (2003-2009)
 * Susan Gerl - lead guitar (2009-2010)
 * Danny Tunker - lead guitar (2010-2012)
 * Henk Zinger - bass (2003-2012)
 * Mike Ferguson - lead guitar (2015-2019)
 * Michiel Van Der Plicht - drums (2009-2012, 2015-2020)

 * Touring musicians
 * Ian Jekelis - lead guitar (2010 + 2015)

Discography

 * The Christhunt (1992) (Reissued in 1998)
 * The Grand Grimoire (1997)
 * Bloody Blasphemy (1999)
 * Ravenous (2001)
 * Into the Lungs of Hell (2003)
 * The Lair of the White Worm (2004)
 * The Toxic Touch (2006)
 * Passiondale (2009)
 * Under the Sign of the Iron Cross (2010)
 * The World Ablaze (2017)
 * Illuminati (2020)

Music videos

 * Necromagnon (1992)
 * Under the Golden Wings of Death (1999)
 * Villa Vampiria (2001)
 * The Lair of the White Worm (2004)
 * Poison Fog (2009)
 * On the Wrong Side of the Wire (2017)
 * The World Ablaze (2017)
 * Annihilation Crusade (2017)
 * Illuminati (2019)
 * Spirit of Beezelebub (2020)
 * Book of Lies (2020)
 * Asmodevs (2022)
 * Rat Kingdom (2024)

title: God Dethroned


text:
United States Senate Committee on Commerce and Manufactures

The United States Senate Committee on Commerce and Manufactures was one of the original standing committees created in the Senate in 1816, but it only lasted nine years, when it was split into the Committee on Commerce and the Committee on Manufactures. It functions are now under the jurisdiction of the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation.

History and activities
The Committee on Commerce and Manufactures was established as one of the original standing committees, following adoption of a resolution proposed by James Barbour of Virginia on December 10, 1816. The committee's records consist of petitions and memorials referred to the committee for the whole period and committee reports and papers from 1818.

With its brief existence, the records show substantial committee activity, especially regarding petitions received. In all Congresses the principle record subjects are tariffs and the regulation of shipping and revenue collection. Other subjects included the welfare of sick and disabled seamen between the 15th and 17th Congress, and harbor improvements such as lighthouses between the 16th and 18th Congress. The single most prominent subject was tariffs, particularly the protectionist Tariff of 1824 in the 18th Congress. From its beginning, the committee received petitions and memorials from various individuals or groups seeking protection for their particular industry, as well as a few from agricultural interests, such as those from various agricultural societies of Virginia, seeking less tariff protection (17th). Many memorials requesting higher duties on imported iron and products manufactured from iron were received, mainly from citizens of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, during the debate of the 1824 tariff. Prominent textile manufacturer Samuel Slater and other Rhode Island citizens also memorialized the Senate about the 1824 tariff. Other activities relating to shipping and revenue collection include registration of vessels, establishment of new collection districts and ports of entry, and collection of duties on sales at auction.

The Tariff of 1824 was a pivotal issue for the committee's established existence. In December 1825, the chairman, Mahlon Dickerson of New Jersey, proposed that the committee be split into separate committees—one for commerce and one for manufactures. Dickerson, a protectionist, believed that it was "improper to blend two subjects so distinct from each other as Commerce and Manufactures" and he was supported in his proposal by fellow Senator James Lloyd of Massachusetts, a free trader, who thought that low tariff advocates on the existing committee were a distinct minority. On the other hand, Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina argued that such a division reflected narrow, sectional interests, and alternatively proposed that agriculture be added to give a single committee oversight of the Nation's economic interests. Dickerson's motion was adopted and the committee was split.

Chairmen

 * William Hunter (F-RI) 1816-1817
 * Nathan Sanford (DR-NY) 1817-1820
 * Mahlon Dickerson (DR-NJ) 1820-1825


text:
Talk:Kristiansand

Dispute
I am a resident of Kristiansand, and was raised in Vennesla, but I have never heard the term "Greater Kristiansand" ("Stor-Kristiansand") used to refer to the municipalities of Kristiansand, Songdalen, Søgne and Vennesla. Therefore, I removed that part. --SAB 19:00, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC) SAB has now raised this to the level of a dispute. This seems to me to be an extremely trivial matter for a dispute. I have no idea of the facts of the matter and I don't want to waste time on it, so I'm going to suggest that: SAB, is that acceptable to you? Jmabel 17:19, Oct 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * I, too, am a resident of Kristiansand and has heard the term ued many times. Google has 35 hits for the term Therefore, I'm adding that part again. Dubidub 00:33, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * This is maybe a term used by Kristiansand residents, but residents of the four other municipalities do not recognize this, and will probably feel insulted by being referred to as "part of Kristiansand". Nevertheless, "Greater Kristiansand" is not an official term, and I still think it should be removed. I won't do any edit on this, but other people should state their view here. --SAB 21:07, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Not from there at all, but can we compromise on referring to a "metropolitan area"? -- Jmabel 01:46, Jul 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) if someone has a citation for this use within a week we add that citation to the article, and remove the dispute tag.
 * 2) if no one has a citation for this use within a week, we delete the statement.

I do also think this is a trivial matter, but nevertheless I think the information is wrong. I do however find your suggestion acceptable. --SAB 20:59, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

I see this dispute is old, but just wanted to add, in case that it means something, that I have lived all my 45 yrs in the municipality, and have heard the term "Stor-Kristiansand"/"Greater Kristiansand" for Kristiansand, Songdalen, Søgne and Vennesla all my life (have lived in several parts of Kristiansand, including in Torridal which is near the border to neighbor municipality Vennesla). There's really nothing new about this term. At this time (2011), a google search for the term gives 3,580,000 hits, the first ones being: Article in the newspaper for the area "Fædrelandsvennen"(fvn.no) titled (translated) "50,000 Needs Housing in Greater Kristiansand": http://www.fvn.no/lokalt/kristiansand/article440592.ece Article on website for a large business real estate company: http://www.naringsmegleren.no/nyhet3.html Got some hits in phone books etc. too (e.g. businesses using the term, I think)

Bottom line - even if some people may not have heard it (yet), this term is quite well known and often used. Peapeam (talk) 15:36, 28 May 2011 (UTC)

City rank
Kristiansand is the 5th largest city in Norway. I have checked the refrence at Statistics Norway (...). By going thgroug tables 3 - 23 titled Population, by sex, age and municipality. 1 January 2007, you will se that these are the 6 largest municipalities:

 * 1) Oslo (548 617)
 * 2) Bergen (244 620)
 * 3) Trondheim( 161 730)
 * 4) Stavanger (117 315)
 * 5) Bærum (106 932)
 * 6) Kristiansand (77 840)

Since Bærum is not a city, this makes Kristiansand number 5.

--Dubidub 20:46, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

 * But city? Only in Norway would we choose to call a small town of 77000 people a "city"...

 * There are many cities in the UK, Australia, Canada and especially in the USA with less than 10 000 inhabitants. The traditional British definition is that a city has a cathedral, which Kristiansand has.--195.0.221.197 (talk) 22:38, 10 March 2011 (UTC)

62.113.159.156 (talk) 09:56, 31 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I would suggest you make it clear that Kristiansand is the 5th largest "city" municipality, then. I have edited the rank to 6th.

I had trouble finding a city list with ranking of population in Norway at the Statistics Norway (no: Statistisk Sentralbyrå) website, but on no.wikipedia.org, there is an article, and Kristiansand is there still cited as the largest city/municipality in Norway. Numbers are a bit newer than cited above, from October 1, 2007:

 * 1) Oslo (599 230)
 * 2) Bergen (260 392)
 * 3) Trondheim
 * 4) Stavanger (126 021)
 * 5) Kristiansand (82 394)

For those interested, Statistics Norway's website, English version, can be found at: http://www.ssb.no/english/ (Norwegian version http://www.ssb.no/ ).

When I just edited the population numbers, I also cited Kristiansand as the 5th largest city/municipality in the country. I also did not touch the term "city", as it in Norway is considered as such (no:storby).

Maybe somebody could help me in adding a reference for Kristiansand being the 5th largest city in Norway ( would have done it myself if I could)? It would be possible to use no.wikipedia.org as the reference? The article is at http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_over_norske_byer_etter_innbyggertall. The numbers of course can be found at the Statistics Norway website, but it seems to me that one then would have to find numbers for all the large cities, then compare to rank them, so if they're to be used as a reference for this, one would have to use just http://www.ssb.no/english/. Maybe one could add both? The more the better?

Peapeam (talk) 16:36, 28 May 2011 (UTC)

Bridges in Kristiansand
I have just added captions and in one case, the image of the New Varodd Bridge in the articles on the two bridges. I see in this article an image of a bridge over a river, while the Varodd bridges are said to be over a fjord. Which is correct? Should this article mention the bridges for E18? Norwegians are in a better position than I am to make the appropriate updates. --DThomsen8 (talk) 14:23, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

The answer to your question "Which is correct?" actually is NONE, since the answer is that BOTH answers are correct!

The two Varodd Bridges (no: "Varoddbroene") passes over a fjord called "Topdalsfjorden" (en: "The Topdal Fjord"). This fjord actually meets a river, "Tovdalselva" (also called "Topdalselva"), a short distance above the bridge, making this area what I think is called a river delta or an Estuary in English (which has brackish water, e.g. at the popular "Hamresanden" beach also mentioned in the article, which is situated at a popular Camping Site not far from the bridge).

The other bridge you ask about, passes over another river, called "Otra". This is a different bridge, or more correct, bridges, since there's actually a pair of bridges passing over "Otra", a short distance from each other (you can see the other one while driving over one of them). The oldest one, lies on Riksvei 471 (Highway 471) and is called "Lundsbroa", (sometimes also called "Gamle Lundsbroa" (The Old Lund Bridge)), which officially is named "Thygesons Minne" (originally "Thygesons Minde" or en: " Thygeson's Memory", since it was built in memory of a previous "Stiftsamtmann" in Vest-Agder County, Nicolai Emanuel de Thygeson or Niels Emanuel de Thygeson, b. 1772 in Denmark - d. 1860 in Switzerland. The "Stiftsamtmann" title has since 1919 been called "Fylkesmann" and the person having this position, is the State's/Country's representative in the county, sort of like an appointed rather than politically elected, Governor of the county). Today's bridge on the site was built in 1938 (the first one was built in 1810, so last year it was 200 years since the first one opened). Lundsbroa connects what I guess you can call downtown Kristiansand (or the city center, "Kvadraturen", specifically "Nedre Ferjested" part of it) with the area called "Lund", through the street called "Dronningensgate", ( "The Queen's Street"). The other bridge in this pair, was originally opened in 1971  and is called "Oddernesbrua" (The Oddernes Bridge", it is also often referred to as "Nye Lundsbroa"  ("The New Lund Bridge"). A new version of Oddernesbrua was built in two stages in 1998-2001/2004, when a new E18 through Kristiansand was built). This bridge lies on Europavei 18 (European Route 18/E18). E18 goes all the way from the city Stavanger on Norway's South/West coast to Norway's capitol Oslo in the East before it continues to the border to Sweden. Before the Oddernesbroa was built, all traffic from west to east had to go through Kristiansand's city center which is called "Kvadraturen". The new road instead crosses Kristiansand just North of Kvadraturen, allowing traffic to travel through on the outside of the busy city center.

Sorry for all the brackets/parantheses in the text, hope it does not disturb too much. I hope the above text somehow answers your questions. Which of the two bridges across the river you referred to in your question, I do not know, as I could not find the picture you mentioned in the article at this time. If you have more questions, don't hesitate to ask, I'll try to answer to my best ability.

Peapeam (talk) 03:01, 29 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Thank you for all that information about bridges in Kristiansand. I will look for the reason I asked about those bridges tomorrow. Good work on posting a talk page message to let me know about this information. --DThomsen8 (talk) 03:32, 29 May 2011 (UTC)

Adding reference for update on population - Please Help
I have just updated the population numbers for the area (they were years old) to the numbers for last month, and wanted to add a reference to verify the numbers, but unfortunately I was not able to figure out how to do it, and don't have the time now to continue trying. So I'm hoping that PLEASE, could somebody else help me out and add the reference for me? It is supposed to be inserted into the text quoted below which is found at the very top of the article (after the population number 82,562, where I have inserted "(REFERENCE HERE)"),: "Kristiansand (help·info)[2] (formerly "Christianssand") is a city, municipality and the county capital of Vest-Agder county in Southern Norway. Kristiansand municipality is the 5th largest in Norway with a population of 82,562 (REFERENCE HERE) as of 1 April 2011. The reference I wanted to be added, is from Statistics Norway (Statistisk Sentralbyrå), their quarterly population statistics overview in ENGLISH, TITLED "Rapidly Heading for 5 Million", at: http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/02/folkendrkv_en/ Same article in Norwegian (NN/Nynorsk), titled: "Med raske skritt mot 5 millionar" is at: http://www.ssb.no/vis/emner/02/02/folkendrkv/art-2011-05-19-01.html

Thanks a lot for your help! :)

Peapeam (talk) 16:06, 28 May 2011 (UTC)

I just added some numbers re. the city ranking in another paragraph here on the discussion page, and since I had also edited the ranking of Kristiansand in my above mentioned ranking, I thought that maybe we should have added a reference for that number as well, so I asked for help re. that there too. Then thought I maybe should add a note about it here too, since it could be done at the same time. So you don't have to scroll up to find it, I'll paste it here too: (Maybe somebody could help me in adding a reference for Kristiansand being the 5th largest city in Norway ( would have done it myself if I could)? It would be possible to use no.wikipedia.org as the reference? The article is at http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_over_norske_byer_etter_innbyggertall . The numbers of course can be found at the Statistics Norway website, but it seems to me that one then would have to find numbers for all the large cities, then compare to rank them, so if they're to be used as a reference for this, one would have to use just http://www.ssb.no/english/ . Maybe one could add both? The more the better?). Note: The article on no.wikipedia.org of course is in Norwegian, but it shouldn't be difficult to figure out the list even for an English language reader... Thanks again!

Peapeam (talk) 16:41, 28 May 2011 (UTC)

climate data
climate data is wrong!

http://www.climatedata.eu/climate.php?loc=noxx0017&lang=en — Preceding unsigned comment added by Torrentuser (talk • contribs) 13:27, 26 November 2013 (UTC)

Obvious error
Just wanted to point out an obvious mistake in the introduction: "Kristiansand (..) population of 85,681 as of 1 January 2014. The Kristiansand urban area, entirely located in the municipality, had a population of 154,346 on 1 January 2013"

I'm asked to believe that the urban area had a far greater population in 2013 than the municipality that contains it one year later. Since I know Kristiansand population is increasing, and certainly not collapsing at would have to be the case were the numbers accurate, I can safely conclude this is dead wrong.

It may be as simple as a mistype; it seems just about plausible to me that the correct UA population number should be 54,346. But the fact that a mistake of this magnitude apparently went undetected for as long as it has causes me to seriously doubt the fact-checking standards of WP editors (though I realize it is probably quite variable depending on subject matter). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.203.21.218 (talk) 09:36, 26 September 2014 (UTC)

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Sørlandet - the tall ship
Isn't Kristiansand the homeport of the tall ship Sørlandet (ship)? If so, that should be worth a mention, I should think. --Hordaland (talk) 22:09, 11 September 2016 (UTC)

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Missing citations for boroughs in Kristiansand
The article do not have any verified citations for the table of boroughs in Kristiansand. Please correct.

--Koppadasao (talk) 23:56, 1 March 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kristiansand


text:
User:Bluemask/monobook.css

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title: User:Bluemask/monobook.css


text:
Category:Sathya Sai Baba

Sathya Sai Baba was an Indian guru who has millions of followers both organized and unorganized all over the world. He is the figurehead of an eponymous new religious movement and of the Sathya Sai Organization.

title: Category:Sathya Sai Baba


text:
Tsui

Tsui is a surname. It is an alternative transcription of two Chinese surnames, namely Cuī (崔) and Xú (徐).

Origins
Tsui may be an alternative transliteration of two separate Chinese surnames, listed below by their Hanyu Pinyin transliteration (which reflects the Mandarin pronunciation):

 * Cuī, which originated as a toponymic surname from a fief by that name in the state of Qi; a grandson of Jiang Ziya renounced his claim to the throne and went to live in that fief, and his descendants took its name as their surname. It is spelled Ts'ui$4$ in the Wade–Giles system of transliterating Mandarin (which remains common in Taiwan and was used elsewhere until the mid-to-late 20th century). The spelling Tsui may also be based on the Cantonese pronunciation.
 * Xú, which originated as a toponymic surname from the ancient state of Xu, adopted by the descendants of Boyi after the state was annexed by the state of Chu. The spelling Tsui is based on its Cantonese pronunciation ; it is nearly homophonous with the above surname in Cantonese aside from the differing tone.

Statistics
The 2010 United States Census found 3,168 people with the surname Tsui, making it the 10,180th-most-common name in the country. This represented an increase from 2,725 (10,748th-most-common) in the 2000 Census. In both censuses, more than nine-tenths of the bearers of the surname identified as Asian, and roughly two percent as White.

Academics

 * Daniel C. Tsui (崔琦; born 1939), Henan-born American physicist
 * Amy Tsui (born 1949), American demographer
 * Lap-Chee Tsui (徐立之; born 1950), Shanghai-born Canadian geneticist
 * Tsui Tin-Chau (徐天就; born 1958), Hong Kong-born Dutch teacher
 * Ban Tsui (徐志豪; born 1963), Hong Kong-born Canadian Anesthesiologist
 * Anne S. Tsui (fl. 1970s–present), Shanghai-born American business professor
 * Tsui Ming-sum (fl. 1980s–2010s), Hong Kong social scientist
 * Kennie Tsui (fl. 2016–present), New Zealand chemical engineer

Athletes

 * Tsui Hsiu-li (崔秀里; born 1973), Taiwanese table tennis player
 * Tsui Fang-hsuan (born 1984), Taiwanese taekwondo practitioner
 * Tsui Wan Yi (born 1984), Hong Kong fencer
 * Tsui Chi Ho (徐志豪; born 1990), Hong Kong sprinter
 * Tsui Wang Kit (徐宏傑; born 1997), Hong Kong footballer

Entertainment industry

 * Tsui Hsiao-ping (崔小萍; 1923–2017), Jinan-born radio personality in Taiwan
 * Tsui Fu-sheng (崔福生; 1931–2013), Taiwanese actor
 * Tsui Ping (崔萍; 1938–20??), Harbin-born Mandarin-language pop singer in Hong Kong
 * Paula Tsui (徐小鳳; born 1949), Hong Kong singer
 * Tsui Hark (徐克; born 1950), Hong Kong film director
 * Tsui Siu-ming (徐小明; born 1953), Hong Kong actor
 * Elvis Tsui (徐錦江; born 1961), Hong Kong actor
 * Yvette Tsui (麗心; born 1963), Taiwanese television host
 * Tsui Wing (徐榮; born 1974), Hong Kong actor
 * Kate Tsui (徐子珊; born 1979), Hong Kong actress
 * Roy Tsui (徐家豪; born 1980), Hong Kong lyricist
 * Jeremy Tsui (徐正溪; born 1985), Chinese actor
 * Sam Tsui (born 1989), American singer-songwriter
 * Harrison Tsui (born 1995), Hong Kong fashion photographer

Politics and government

 * Tsui Kwo Yin (崔國因; 1831–1909), Qing diplomat
 * Tsui Po-ko (徐步高; 1970–2006), Hong Kong policetable
 * Caspar Tsui (徐英偉; born 1977), Hong Kong politician
 * Tsui Shung-yiu (fl. 1970s–2000s), Hong Kong civil servant
 * Tori Tsui (fl. 2015–present), Hong Kong climate activist

Other

 * Tsui Sze-man (徐四民; 1914–2007), Burmese-born Hong Kong magazine publisher
 * Tsui Tsin-tong (徐展堂; 1941–2010), Hong Kong businessman
 * Kitty Tsui (born 1952), Hong Kong-born American writer and stage actor
 * Eugene Tssui (崔悅君; born Eugene Tsui, 1954), American architect
 * Tsui Teh-li (崔德禮; fl. 1990s), member of the executive board of the Boy Scouts of China
 * Christopher Tsui (born 1981), Hong Kong-born British businessman and racehorse owner

title: Tsui


text:
United States Senate Committee on Conservation of National Resources

The United States Senate Committee on Conservation of National Resources was established in 1909 and terminated in 1921.

Chairmen of the Committee on Conservation of National Resources

 * Joseph M. Dixon (R-MT) 1910–1913
 * Marcus A. Smith (D-AZ) 1913
 * James K. Vardaman (D-MS) 1913–1918
 * Ellison D. Smith (D-SC) 1918–1919
 * LeBaron B. Colt (R-RI) 1919–1921


text:
Wightwick

Wightwick is a part of Tettenhall Wightwick ward in Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England. It is named after an ancient local family the "de Wightwicks". It is on the western fringe of Wolverhampton and borders the rural South Staffordshire area that includes neighbourhoods such as Perton.

Of note is Wightwick Manor, a Victorian era manor house in the arts and crafts style. The interior features extensive use of William Morris designs and is noted as one of his pioneering works. The house is the former home of the Mander family who achieved wealth through the ownership of Mander Brothers, paint and varnish manufacturers since 1773, and fame through public service and political office. Sir Geoffrey Le Mesurier Mander was the first of the Mander family to sit in the House of Commons. The house is now in the hands of the National Trust. The Mander family also owned the nearby 'Mount', seat of the Mander Baronets, which is now a hotel and conference centre with views as far as the Malvern hills, over 40 mi away.

Wightwick Hall is also in the area, being less than a mile via the lanes that connect the two properties. Sir Alfred Hickman owned Wightwick Hall. Nearby Elmsdale Hall was owned by the former Wolverhampton Mayor and industrialist Sir John Morris. Morris was spontaneously knighted by Queen Victoria in 1866 at her first public appearance since the death of her husband Albert, for the unveiling of a statue of her dead husband. The hall has been converted to residential apartments.

The Staffordshire and Worcestershire canal and the Smestow Brook run through the valley beneath Wightwick Manor, roughly parallel to the 'Bridgnorth Road'.

Wightwick is an extremely pleasant part of the more traditionally affluent western side of Wolverhampton.

title: Wightwick


text:
Trivet

A trivet is an object placed between a serving dish or bowl, and a dining table, usually to protect the table from heat damage. Whilst tri- means three, and -vet comes from -ped, meaning 'foot' / 'feet', trivets often have four 'feet', and some trivets, including many wooden trivets, have no 'feet' at all.

Trivet also refers to a tripod used to elevate pots from the coals of an open fire (the word trivet itself ultimately comes from Latin tripes meaning "tripod"). Metal trivets are often tripod-like structures with three legs to support the trivet horizontally to hold the dish or pot above the table surface. These are often included with modern non-electric pressure cookers. A trivet may often contain a receptacle for a candle that can be lit to keep food warm.

A three-legged design can reduce wobbling on uneven surfaces.

Modern trivets are made from metal, wood, ceramic, fabric, silicone or cork.

When roasting any meat in an oven, trivet racks - which typically fit into roasting pans - are often used to enable the meat joint to be held above the direct heat of the roasting pan and allow the juices of the joint to drip into the roasting pan for the subsequent making of gravy. A trivet can also be made of freshly cut carrot, celery and onion. This not only raises the meat, it has the further advantage of providing a gravy-friendly liquid when the vegetables and juices are sieved at the end of cooking.

History
Trivets have been in use since antiquity, and are sometimes referred to as "fire stands". In the tomb of the Chinese ruler Zhao Mo (2nd century BCE) were found several metal trivets that had been used by him during his lifetime, now stored at the Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King. Fire-stands were also uncovered at archaeological sites in Israel, dating back to the Philistine time-period (circa 1st millennium BCE).

title: Trivet


text:
United States Senate Committee on Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia

The United States Senate Committee on Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia was formed as a select committee in 1892, and became a standing committee in 1896. In 1921, it was abolished.

Robert M. La Follette had the distinction of chairing the committee during the 63rd through the 65th Congress, even though he was a member of the minority Republican Party. This was because the Senate had 73 standing committees in the 63rd Congress, several more than there were Democrats to chair them. Therefore, some members of the minority party were allowed to chair certain minor committees.

Chairmen of the Select Committee on Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia, 1892–1896

 * Arthur P. Gorman (D-MD) 1892–1893
 * Nelson W. Aldrich (R-RI) 1893–1895
 * James K. Jones (D-AR) 1895–1896

Chairmen of the Committee on Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia, 1896–1921

 * James K. Jones (D-AR) 1896–1897
 * John W. Daniel (D-VA) 1897–1899
 * Donelson Caffery (D-LA) 1899–1901
 * Thomas S. Martin (D-VA) 1901–1905
 * Samuel McEnery (D-LA) 1905–1908
 * Hernando D. Money (D-MS) 1908–1909
 * James P. Taliaferro (D-FL) 1909–1911
 * Francis G. Newlands (D-NV) 1911–1912
 * William J. Stone (D-MO) 1912–1913
 * Robert M. La Follette (R-WI) 1913–1919
 * Atlee Pomerene (D-OH) 1919–1921