text:
1963 in comics

Notable events of 1963 in comics.

Year overall

 * In Italy, Diabolik, started softly the previous year, becomes a growing success and finds its definitive shape. In a series of classic stories (The elusive criminal, Diabolik arrested, Atrocious revenge, Buried alive) Diabolik begins to use the Jaguar E-Type, the rubber masks and the shelters, leaves his cover identity as Walter Dorian, ends dramatically his affair with the nurse Elisabeth Gray and begins a long love-story with Eva Kant.

January

 * January 26: The first issue of the British comics magazine Boys' World is published. It will run until 1964.
 * The first issue of the Catholic magazine Messaggero dei ragazzi (The Boys’ herald) is published in Padua by the Friars Minor of the Basilica of Saint Anthony. In the next decades, the magazine, in spite of its limited distribution, will host the works of important cartoonists such as Dino Battaglia and Hugo Pratt.
 * Sergio Aragones makes his debut in MAD Magazine #76.
 * Jack Miller and Joe Certa's Zook makes his debut.
 * Fantastic Four (1961 series) #10 – Marvel Comics
 * The Incredible Hulk (1962 series) #5 – Marvel Comics
 * Journey into Mystery (1952 series) #88 – Marvel Comics
 * Kid Colt Outlaw (1948 series) #108 – Marvel Comics
 * Strange Tales (1951 series) #104 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales of Suspense (1959 series) #37 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales to Astonish (1959 series) #39 – Marvel Comics
 * Two-Gun Kid (1948 series) #61 – Marvel Comics
 * The Purple Smurfs (original title Les Schtroumpfs noirs), by Peyo, first album of the Smurfs.
 * Oddbal Odissey by Carl Barks, on Uncle Scrooge.

February

 * February 16: The final issue of the British comics magazine Knockout is published, after which it merges with Valiant.
 * February 4: The first chapter of Jacovitti’s Baby Rocket, about the interstellar adventures of a half-notch gangster, is published in Il giorno dei ragazzi.
 * February 7: The first episode of Asterix and the Banquet by Goscinny and Uderzo, is prepublished in Pilote. The story marks the debut of Dogmatix, Obelix' dog.
 * Fantastic Four (1961 series) #11 – Marvel Comics
 * Journey into Mystery (1952 series) #89 – Marvel Comics
 * Magnus, Robot Fighter 4000 A.D. marks the debut of Russ Manning's Magnus Robot Fighter.
 * Rawhide Kid (1955 series) #32 – Marvel Comics
 * Strange Tales (1951 series) #105 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales of Suspense (1959 series) #38 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales to Astonish (1959 series) #40 – Marvel Comics

March

 * March 2: The final issue of the British comics magazine Swift is published. It merges with Eagle afterwards.
 * March 3: In L'arresto di Diabolik, the third issue of Angela Giussani and Luciana Giussani's Diabolik, Eva Kant makes her debut. Because this story, the two sisters endure a proceedings for "incitement to corruption".
 * March 10–17: The story Topolino e l’uomo di Altacraz (Mickey and the man of Altacraz), by Romano Scarpa is first prepublished in Topolino, a story vaguely inspired by Birdman of Alcatraz.
 * March 18: Jerry Marcus' Trudy makes its debut. It will run until 2000.
 * The Amazing Spider-Man (1963 series) #1 – Marvel Comics
 * Fantastic Four (1961 series) #12 – Marvel Comics (First battle of The Thing and The Hulk)
 * The Incredible Hulk (1962 series) #6 – Marvel Comics
 * Journey into Mystery (1952 series) #90 – Marvel Comics
 * Kid Colt Outlaw (1948 series) #109 – Marvel Comics
 * Strange Tales (1951 series) #106 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales of Suspense (1959 series) #39 – Marvel Comics – First appearance of Iron Man
 * Tales to Astonish (1959 series) #41 – Marvel Comics
 * Two-Gun Kid (1948 series) #62 – Marvel Comics
 * Uncle Scrooge (1953 series) — Dell; "Uncle Scrooge, The Status Seeker" by Carl Barks

April

 * April 13: The first issue of the Flemish children's magazine Ohee is published, supplement of the newspaper Het Volk. It will run until 31 December 1977.
 * Black Cat (1946 series), with issue #65, canceled by Harvey Comics
 * Fantastic Four (1961 series) #13 – Marvel Comics
 * Journey into Mystery (1952 series) #91 – Marvel Comics
 * Metal Men #1 (April/May cover-date) — DC Comics
 * Rawhide Kid (1955 series) #33 – Marvel Comics
 * Strange Tales (1951 series) #107 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales of Suspense (1959 series) #40 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales to Astonish (1959 series) #42 – Marvel Comics

May

 * May 13: The first episode of Peter O'Donnell and Jim Holdaway's Modesty Blaise is published.
 * May 23: Mars Ravelo and Jim Fernandez's Captain Barbell makes his debut.
 * May 25: The final episode of Oskar Lebeck and Alden McWilliams' newspaper comic Twin Earths is published.
 * May 27: The first episode of El botones Sacarino by Francisco Ibáñez Talavera is published in the magazine El DDT. The series will run until 1982.
 * The Amazing Spider-Man (1963 series) #2 – Marvel Comics
 * Fantastic Four (1961 series) #14 – Marvel Comics
 * Journey into Mystery (1952 series) #92 – Marvel Comics
 * Kid Colt Outlaw (1948 series) #110 – Marvel Comics
 * Sgt. Fury (1963 series) #1 – Marvel Comics. First appearance of Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos.
 * Strange Tales (1951 series) #108 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales of Suspense (1959 series) #41 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales to Astonish (1959 series) #43 – Marvel Comics
 * Two-Gun Kid (1948 series) #63 – Marvel Comics

June
First appearance of the Wasp
 * June 1: The final episode of Mort Walker and Jerry Dumas' Sam's Strip is published.
 * June 8: The final episode of Ken Reid's Jonah is published in The Beano.
 * June 11: The final episode of Andries Brandt's Holle Pinkel is published.
 * June 13: The first issue of Il pioniere dell’Unità, (comic supplement to the PCI official newspaper L’unità) is published; it takes the place of the magazine Il pioniere.
 * June 16: The first issue of ABC dei ragazzi (The boys’ ABC, supplement to the weekly magazine ABC), is published in Milan.
 * June 25: The first episode of Rik Clément's detective comic Jan Knap appears in 't Kapoentje.
 * Fantastic Four (1961 series) #15 – Marvel Comics
 * Journey into Mystery (1952 series) #93 – Marvel Comics
 * My Greatest Adventure #80 – DC Comics – first appearance of the Doom Patrol, created by Arnold Drake, Bob Haney and Bruno Premiani.
 * Rawhide Kid (1955 series) #34 – Marvel Comics
 * Strange Tales (1951 series) #109 – Marvel Comics
 * Strange Tales Annual (1962 series) #2 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales of Suspense (1959 series) #42 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales to Astonish (1959 series) #44 – Marvel Comics
 * Young Love #38 (June/July issue) — final issue published by Prize Comics; title sold to and continued by DC Comics
 * Young Romance #124 (June/July issue) — final issue published by Prize Comics; title sold to and continued by DC Comics
 * A Duck's-eye View of Europe, by Carl Barks, on Walt Disney's Comics and Stories..

July

 * July 8: Alex Graham's Fred Basset makes its debut.
 * July 21: in L’isola della Paura (Fear island) by Guido Nolitta and Gallieno Ferri two important recurring characters of Zagor universe, the mad doctor Hellinger and the nice cheater Trampy, make their debut.
 * The Amazing Spider-Man (1963 series) #3 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of Doctor Octopus
 * Fantastic Four (1961 series) #16 – Marvel Comics
 * Gunsmoke Western (1955 series), with issue #77, canceled by Marvel Comics
 * Journey into Mystery (1952 series) #94 – Marvel Comics
 * Kid Colt Outlaw (1948 series) #111 – Marvel Comics
 * Sgt. Fury (1963 series) #2 – Marvel Comics
 * Strange Tales (1951 series) #110 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of Doctor Strange, Ancient One & Nightmare (Marvel Comics)
 * Tales of Suspense (1959 series) #43 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales to Astonish (1959 series) #45 – Marvel Comics
 * Two-Gun Kid (1948 series) #64 – Marvel Comics

August

 * August 8: The first episode of Jacques Devos' Génial Olivier is published in Spirou.
 * Fantastic Four (1961 series) #17 – Marvel Comics
 * House of Secrets #61 – DC Comics. First appearance of Eclipso by writer Bob Haney and artist Lee Elias
 * Journey into Mystery (1952 series) #95 – Marvel Comics
 * Justice League of America #21 – the first team-up of the Justice League and the Justice Society of America as well as the first use of the term "Crisis" in reference to a crossover between Golden Age and Silver Age characters.
 * Rawhide Kid (1955 series) #35 – Marvel Comics
 * Strange Tales (1951 series) #111 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of Baron Mordo and Asbestos Man.
 * Tales of Suspense (1959 series) #44 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales to Astonish (1959 series) #46 – Marvel Comics
 * Young Romance #125 (August/September issue) — DC Comics, continuing numbering from Prize Comics series

September

 * The Amazing Spider-Man (1963 series) #4 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of Sandman
 * Avengers (1963 series) #1 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of Avengers
 * Fantastic Four (1961 series) #18 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of Super-Skrull
 * Fantastic Four Annual (1963 series) #1 – Marvel Comics
 * Reintroduction of Atlantis into Marvel Comics continuity.
 * Green Lantern #23 – DC Comics
 * Journey into Mystery (1952 series) #96 – Marvel Comics
 * Kid Colt Outlaw (1948 series) #112 – Marvel Comics
 * Sgt. Fury (1963 series) #3 – Marvel Comics
 * Strange Tales (1951 series) #112 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales of Suspense (1959 series) #45 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of Jack Frost, Happy Hogan & Pepper Potts
 * Tales to Astonish (1959 series) #47 – Marvel Comics
 * Two-Gun Kid (1948 series) #65 – Marvel Comics
 * Uncanny X-Men (1963 series) #1 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of The X Men (Consisting of Professor X, Angel, Beast, Cyclops, Marvel Girl, and Iceman), Magneto, & Xavier's School for Gifted Youngsters
 * Young Love #39 (September/October issue) — DC Comics, continuing numbering from Prize Comics series

October

 * October 17: The first episode of the Lucky Luke story Les Dalton se rachètent, by Goscinny and Morris, is prepublished in Spirou.
 * October 20: An episode of Charles M. Schulz' Peanuts which pokes fun at school prayer causes controversy and angry readers' letters.
 * October 31: Jean Giraud's Blueberry is first published in Pilote.
 * The Amazing Spider-Man (1963 series) #5 – Marvel Comics
 * Fantastic Four (1961 series) #19 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of Rama Tut
 * Journey into Mystery (1952 series) #97 – Marvel Comics
 * Rawhide Kid (1955 series) #36 – Marvel Comics
 * Strange Tales (1951 series) #113 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales of Suspense (1959 series) #46 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales to Astonish (1959 series) #48 – Marvel Comics

November

 * November 4: The comic strip Miss Caroline: The Little Girl in the Big White House by Gerald Gardner and Frank B. Johnson is launched. It depicts the life of Caroline Kennedy, the daughter of US President John F. Kennedy.
 * November 7: Greg's Achille Talon makes its debut.
 * November 16: The British comics magazine The Wizard merges with The Rover and becomes Rover and Wizard, under which title it will continue until August 1969.
 * November 22: Miss Caroline: The Little Girl in the Big White House is cancelled after John F. Kennedy is assassinated.
 * The Amazing Spider-Man (1963 series) #6 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of Lizard (comics) and Billy Connors.
 * Avengers (1963 series) #2 – Marvel Comics
 * Fantastic Four (1961 series) #20 – Marvel Comics
 * Journey into Mystery (1952 series) #98 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of Cobra (comics)
 * Kid Colt Outlaw (1948 series) #113 – Marvel Comics
 * Sgt. Fury (1963 series) #4 – Marvel Comics
 * Strange Tales (1951 series) #114 – Marvel Comics
 * Begins monthly Doctor Strange back-up story
 * Tales of Suspense (1959 series) #47 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales to Astonish (1959 series) #49 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of Henry "Hank" Pym as Giant-Man
 * Two-Gun Kid (1948 series) #66 – Marvel Comics
 * Uncanny X-Men (1963 series) #2 – Marvel Comics

December

 * December 5: The first episode of Asterix and Cleopatra, by Goscinny and Uderzo, is prepublished in Pilote..
 * December 12: A tiny dog, introduced in René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo's Astérix album Asterix and the Banquet earlier this year, receives a name through a readers' contest: Dogmatix, which is first revealed to the public in an issue of Pilote.
 * December 12: The final episode of Clarence D. Russell's Pete the Tramp is published.
 * December 18: The final issue of the Flemish comics magazine, De Kleine Zondagsvriend is published.
 * The Amazing Spider-Man (1963 series) #7 – Marvel Comics
 * Fantastic Four (1961 series) #21 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of Hate-Monger, First Nick Fury in present-day
 * Journey into Mystery (1952 series) #99 – Marvel Comics
 * Rawhide Kid (1955 series) #37 – Marvel Comics
 * Strange Tales (1951 series) #115 – Marvel Comics
 * Tales of Suspense (1959 series) #48 – Marvel Comics
 * First appearance of Iron Man's red & gold armor
 * Tales to Astonish (1959 series) #50 – Marvel Comics
 * In Italy, the first issue of Braccio di Ferro (Bianconi), containing Popeye’s adventures written by Italian authors, produced by Classici Audacia (Mondadori) is published.
 * The first issue of the Italian monthly Il Piccolo Ranger is published (Bonelli).

Specific date unknown

 * DC Comics purchases two Prize Comics romance titles, Young Love and Young Romance, continuing their numbering.
 * Shueisha publishes Margaret.
 * Alfredo Alcala's Voltar makes its debut.
 * Jim Berry's Berry's World debuts.
 * Mauricio de Sousa's The Funnies (Monica's Gang) and The Tribe (Monica's Gang) and Horacio's World debut.
 * The final issue of the Argentine comics magazine Hora Cero is published.
 * The final episode of Malcolm Judge's Colonel Crackpot's Circus is published.
 * The final episode of Horace Boyten, Stewart Pride and Evelyn Flinders' The Silent Three is published.
 * The final episode of Birgitta Lilliehöök's Spara och Slösa is published.
 * The final episode of Brian Lewis' The Suicide Six is published.
 * The final episode of Al Jaffee's Tall Tales is published.

January

 * January 2: Joaquín Buigas, Spanish comics writer (La familia Ulises), dies at age 76.
 * January 18: Francisco Valença, Portuguese comics artist and illustrator, dies at age 80.

February

 * February 18: Vadim Lazarkevich, Russian-Bulgarian illustrator and comics artist (Vesel Putniks Balloon, The Little Barber), dies at age 67.
 * February 26: Charles Folkard, British illustrator and comics artist (Teddy Tail), dies at age 84.

March

 * March 23: Maurice Boyer, aka Moriss, French actor, comedian, illustrator, caricaturist and cartoonist, dies at age 88.
 * Specific date in March unknown: Koos Schadée, Dutch comics artist and illustrator, dies at an unknown age.

May

 * May 3: Alejandro Del Prado, aka Calé, Argentine cartoonist and comics artist (Buenos Aires Intimo), dies at age 37.

July

 * July 2: Alicia Patterson, American publisher and comics writer (Deathless Deer), dies at age 56 of complications following stomach surgery for an ulcer.
 * July 7: François-Joseph Herman, Belgian comics artist (worked for Studio Vandersteen and made several one-shot stories of his own for Tintin), dies at age 31.

August

 * August 16: Ralph Fuller, American comics artist (Oaky Doaks), dies at age 73.
 * August 30: Jan Lunde, Norwegian comics artist (Pappa og Pjokken, Skomakker Bekk of Tvililligene Hans, Professor Skjeel, Dimpen og Dumpen), dies at age 74.
 * August 31: Willem Gerrit van de Hulst Sr., Dutch novelist and comics writer (In de Soete Suikerbol ), dies at age 83.

September

 * September 19: David Low, New Zealand-British cartoonist and comics artist (Colonel Blimp), dies at age 62.
 * September 20: Jan Wiegman, Dutch comics artist and illustrator, dies at age 79.

October

 * October 9: Leonard Sansone, American comics artist (Wolf Man, Willie), dies in a traffic accident at age 46.
 * October 23: Clarence D. Russell, American comics artist (Pete the Tramp, The Tucker Twins), dies at age 68.
 * October 25: Lewis Baumer, British caricaturist, cartoonist, illustrator and comics artist, dies at age 93.

December

 * December 1: Jimmy Hatlo, American comics artist (They'll Do It Every Time, Little Iodine), dies at age 65.
 * December 12: Wynne W. Davies, Australian illustrator and comics artist (The Strange Adventures of Percy the Pommy), dies at age 71.
 * December 18: Bruce Russell, aka Bruce Barr, American sports cartoonist and comics artist (Rollo Rollingstone), dies at age 60.

Specific date unknown

 * Gilbert Lawford Dalton, British comics writer (Wilson the Wonder Athlete), dies at age 48 or 49.
 * Andrés Guevara, Paraguayan illustrator and comics artist (Blanca Nieve y Pío-Pío), dies at age 58 or 59.
 * Katsuishi Kabashima, Japanese illustrator and comic artist (The Adventures of Sho-Chan), dies at age 74 or 75.
 * Harry Mace, American comics artist (Amy), dies at age 40.
 * Arthur Mansbridge, British illustrator and comics artist (worked for the magazine Golden), dies at age 85.
 * Pierre Saint-Loup, French comic artist (L'Oncle Pacifique), dies at age 68 or 69.
 * Les Such, Australian comics artist (Buster Braddock, Rip Weston), dies at age 62 or 63.
 * Arnold Warden, British comics artist (Snowdrop's Zoo, Tuffy and His Magic Tail), dies at age 70 or 71.

National Cartoonists Society Division Awards

 * Newspaper Comic Strips (Humor): Barney Google and Snuffy Smith, by Fred Lasswell
 * Newspaper Comic Strips (Story): On Stage, by Leonard Starr
 * Newspaper Panel Cartoons: Still Life, by Jerry Robinson
 * Animation: Walt Disney
 * Gag Cartoons: Jack Tippit
 * Comic Books: Frank Thorne
 * Advertising and Illustration: Harry Devlin
 * Editorial Cartoons: John Fischetti
 * Sports Cartoons: Lou Darvas
 * Reuben Award: Barney Google, by Fred Lasswell

DC Comics
Metal Men
 * Release: April/May. Writer: Robert Kanigher. Artist: Ross Andru & Mike Esposito

Marvel Comics
The Amazing Spider-Man
 * Release: March. Writer: Stan Lee. Artist: Steve Ditko

The Avengers
 * Release: September. Writer: Stan Lee. Artist: Jack Kirby

Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos
 * Release: May. Writer: Stan Lee. Artist: Jack Kirby

The X-Men
 * Release: September. Writer: Stan Lee. Artist: Jack Kirby

Other publishers
Das Kampf
 * Release: by Vaughn Bodē (self-published). Writer/Artist: Vaughn Bodē

DC Comics

 * Reverse-Flash, in The Flash #139 (September)
 * Eclipso, in House of Secrets #61 (August)
 * Tattooed Man, in Green Lantern #23 (September)
 * Negative Man, in My Greatest Adventure #80 (June)
 * Elasti-Girl , in My Greatest Adventure #80 (June)
 * Chief, in My Greatest Adventure #80 (June)
 * Robotman (Cliff Steele), in My Greatest Adventure #80 (June)
 * Mera, in Aquaman #11 (October)
 * Element Lad, in Adventure Comics #307 (April)
 * Doctor Polaris, in Green Lantern #21 (June)
 * General Immortus, in My Greatest Adventure #80 (June)
 * Heat Wave, in The Flash #140 (November)
 * Queen Bee, in Justice League of America #23 (November)
 * Catman, in Detective Comics #311 (January)
 * Doctor Hurt, in Batman #156 (June)
 * Shark, in Green Lantern #24 (October)
 * Rainbow Girl, in Adventure Comics #309 (June)
 * Lightning Lass, in Adventure Comics #308 (May)
 * Paul Gambi, in The Flash #141 (December)
 * Night Girl, in Adventure Comics #306 (March)
 * Polar Boy, in Adventure Comics #306 (March)
 * Chlorophyll Kid, in Adventure Comics #306 (March)
 * Ron-Karr, in Adventure Comics #314 (November)
 * Stone Boy, in Adventure Comics #306 (March)
 * Fire Lad, in Adventure Comics #306 (March)

Marvel Comics

 * Ancient One – Strange Tales #110
 * Angel – Uncanny X-Men #1 (Sept.)
 * The Avengers – Avengers #1 (Sept.)
 * Baron Mordo – Strange Tales #111 (Aug.)
 * Beast – Uncanny X-Men #1 (Sept.)
 * Chameleon – The Amazing Spider-Man #1 (Mar.)
 * Cobra (comics) – Journey into Mystery #98 (Nov.)
 * Crimson Dynamo – Tales of Suspense #46 (Oct.)
 * Cyclops – Uncanny X-Men #1 (Sept.)
 * Doctor Octopus – The Amazing Spider-Man #3 (July)
 * Doctor Strange – Strange Tales #110 (July)
 * The Eel in Strange Tales #112 (Sept.)
 * Nick Fury – Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos #1 (May)
 * Giant-Man – Tales to Astonish #49 – Marvel Comics (Nov.)
 * Happy Hogan – Tales of Suspense #45 (Sept.)
 * Hate-Monger – Fantastic Four #21 (Dec.)
 * Iceman – Uncanny X-Men #1 (Sept.)
 * Impossible Man – Fantastic Four #11 (Feb.)
 * Iron Man — Tales of Suspense #39 (Mar.)
 * Jack Frost (later Blizzard)- Tales of Suspense #45 (Sept.)
 * John Jameson – Amazing Spider-Man #1 (July)
 * J. Jonah Jameson – Amazing Spider-Man #1 (July)
 * Kala – Tales of Suspense #43 (July)
 * Lava Men – Journey into Mystery #97 (Oct.)
 * Lizard – The Amazing Spider-Man #6 (Nov.)
 * Willie Lumpkin – Fantastic Four #11 (Feb.)
 * Mad Thinker & his Awesome Android — Fantastic Four #15 (June)
 * Magneto – Uncanny X-Men #1 (Sept.)
 * Marvel Girl – Uncanny X-Men #1 (Sept.)
 * Melter – Tales of Suspense #47 (Nov.)
 * Metal Master — The Incredible Hulk #6 (Mar.)
 * Mister Doll – Tales of Suspense #48 (Dec.)
 * Mister Hyde (Marvel Comics) – Journey into Mystery #99 (Dec.)
 * Molecule Man – Fantastic Four #20 (Nov.)
 * Nightmare – Strange Tales #110
 * Paste Pot Pete (later The Trapster) – Strange Tales #104
 * Pepper Potts – Tales of Suspense #45 (Sept.)
 * Plantman – Strange Tales #113 (Oct.)
 * Porcupine – Tales to Astonish #48 (Oct.)
 * Radioactive Man – Journey into Mystery #93 (June)
 * Rama Tut (later Kang the Conqueror) – Fantastic Four #19 (Oct.)
 * Red Ghost – Fantastic Four #13 (Apr.)
 * Sandman – The Amazing Spider-Man #4 (Sept.)
 * Space Phantom – Avengers #2 (Nov.)
 * Super-Skrull in Fantastic Four #18 (Sept.)
 * Surtur – Journey into Mystery #97 (Oct.)
 * Tyrannus – The Incredible Hulk #5 (Jan.)
 * Uatu (The Watcher) – Fantastic Four #13 (Apr.)
 * Vanisher – Uncanny X-Men #2 (Nov.)
 * The Voice – Tales to Astonish #42 (Apr.)
 * The Vulture – Amazing Spider-Man #2 (May)
 * Wasp – Tales to Astonish #44 (June)
 * Human Top (later Whirlwind) – Tales to Astonish #50 (Dec.)
 * Professor X – Uncanny X-Men #1 (Sept.)
 * The X Men – Uncanny X-Men #1 (Sept.)

Independent publishers

 * Dogmatix, by Goscinny and Uderzo, in Asterix and the banquet.
 * Eva Kant, Diabolik’s lover and partner, by the Giussani sisters, in Diabolik arrested (March).
 * Madame Min – Disney (June)
 * Hellingen, mad scientist and Zagor's antagonist, by Guido Nolitta and Gallieno Ferri, in On the Titan's footprints (August)
 * Blueberry, by Charlier and Giraud, in Fort Navajo (October)

title: 1963 in comics


text:
Talk:Coloman, King of Hungary

Untitled
I removed the note "posthumously, (1172-1155)" which stood after Boris' name since he couldn't have been born in 1172 when his father died in 1116. Also, I don't remember he was born after his father's death. As far as I know Kálmán thought Boris is not his son b/c Euphemia cheated on him, but I'm not sure, if someone knows better, please correct the article. Alensha 20:48, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Book-lover vs. librophile
Isn't Librophile latin for Book-lover?George Adam Horváth (talk) 21:57, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

vandalism
Bizso deleted refrence! Coloman of Hungary was King of Slavonia, Croatia and Dalmatia from 1108 see Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages (Cambridge University Press)

Also see:

--Dvatel (talk) 22:29, 3 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Where did I delete it?--Bizso (talk) 22:45, 3 March 2009 (UTC)

Here --Dvatel (talk) 22:52, 3 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually, it's you who is vandalizing, because I added britannica and encarta references to support my edit. You revert the text, but you also leave my sources in the article, which, however, now do not support your revert vandalized version.--Bizso (talk) 00:40, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

Hello Bizso, hello Dvatel.. did you know that Colomans was elder son of Géza I of Hungary and Sophia (sister of croatian king Dmitar Zvonimir)? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.139.53.181 (talk) 14:50, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

What is happening here?
Sorry, but I try to understand what is happening here? For years, there was a consensual approach with regard to the medieval kings of Hungary who ruled after Ladislaus I: among their several titles only two titles were added King of Hungary and King of Croatia in the article. I think this was a realistic approach, because after 1097 (or 1102, or 1108 it is debated) the kings of Hungary were also kings of Croatia, that is they ruled over another kingdom which had earlier been existing as an independent state for centuries. Although the kings of Hungary also used the title "king of Slavonia, Dalmatia, Rama, Serbia, Bulgaria, Cumania, Halych and Lodomeria", but these realms' case totally different from the case of Croatia: Slavonia, Dalmatia were only provinces of other kingdoms; Rama and Cumania never existed as independent political entities (Rama is an alternative name for some parts of Bosnia, Cumania referred to territories inhabited by Cuman tribes who accepted the overlordship of the king of Hungary); Serbia, Bulgaria, Halych and Lodomeria were independent countries whose rulers sometimes accepted the overlordship of the king of Hungary. At the end of the day, I suggest that we should not refer to all the titles of the kings of Hungary (because before the 14th century they had been changing year by year), and we should only refer to their two most important titles: king of Hungary and king of Croatia. E.g., the kings of England used the title "king of France" from about 1337 until cca. 1553, but articles describing their life do not mention this. Borsoka (talk) 18:09, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Encyclopedia entries are usually longer and more detailed..

--78.1.155.138 (talk) 17:50, 12 March 2011 (UTC)

First voivode
Is it an important information that "it is possible that the first possible voivode of Transylvania was mentioned in Coloman's reign"? :)Borsoka (talk) 15:00, 5 January 2014 (UTC)
 * I think that information illustrates the expansion of the Hungarian bureaucracy (first voivode) and literacy (royal charters, which gave rise to the development of Hungarian historiography) during the reign of Coloman. On the other hand the article is full of "possible" statements. For example, (1) Font writes that Coloman seems to have set up a new diocese at Nyitra (Nitra, Slovakia) in the period between 1111 and 1113 (2) Kristó writes that it is probable that the Lesser Legend of Saint Gerard of Csanád (Cenad, Romania) was also written in Coloman's reign (3) Kristó and Font write that he was most probably named after Saint Coloman of Stockerau, or (4) It is also possible, as it is proposed by Márta Font, that Coloman could only be crowned after Pope Urban II had exempted him of his clerical status. Of course, the relevant chapter is questionable ('Family affairs' or 'Legacy'). --Norden1990 (talk) 15:08, 5 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Anyway, I would like to congratulate for your work. This has become a great article and I'm glad because my favourite Hungarian king is Coloman, beside Andrew II and Charles I. :) --Norden1990 (talk) 15:17, 5 January 2014 (UTC)
 * My favorite is Charles I. All the same, we should avoid weasel words or attribute them to a scholar. I think the best place is the part where the two charters for the Zobor Abbey are mentioned (Mercurius is mentioned in those charters).

Titles
Dear Surtsicna, would you please specify why do you think that the deletion of his titles adds value to this article? Borsoka (talk) 17:14, 7 January 2014 (UTC)

Dear Surtsicna, I suggest you should read the articles before editing the infoboxes. Coloman occupied Dalmatia and only thereafter adopted the title of king of Dalmatia. Borsoka (talk) 17:24, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Because redundancy substracts value. The same thing needn't be said twice in one infobox, and it never is in high-quality articles. I have referred to you to the documentation page twice, and I can cite as many examples as you want. If his title to Dalmatia is prominent enough to warrant inclusion in the infobox, it can be done in a much clearer and much less redundant way - by adding another succession parameter after the one pertaining to Croatia. If not, Dalmatia can be mentioned in a succession box at the bottom of the article. Cheers! Surtsicna (talk) 17:34, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Dear Surtsicna, I am afraid that real life and history are not so clear and logical than infoboxes. He occupied Dalmatia and adopted the title of King of Dalmatia, but no "Kingdom of Dalmatia" existed (in contrast to the Kingdoms of Croatia and Hungary). Furthermore, Dalmatia was not connected to the "Kingdom of Croatia": before the Hungarian conquest, most Dalmatian towns were under Byzantine or Venetian suzerainty. Therefore, I still suggest that his full titles should be mentioned. Would you please refer to an infobox where the "titles" section is filled? Borsoka (talk) 17:48, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Your fears are well-founded, which is why I don't we think we should attempt to simplify the matter by simply tossing it into an infobox. Compare this to the English claim to the French throne; France is not mentioned in infobox in the article about Mary I of England, who used the title of Queen of France and who actually ruled a piece of France. You can also compare it with various claims to Jerusalem, and to many minor titles adopted by Hungarian monarchs over time. The infobox in the article about Maria Theresa does not mention her as Queen of Galicia and Lodomeria, for example. Imagine if the infoboxes listed all of Maria Theresa's titles or all of Mary's titles. I understand that there was no autonomous "Kingdom of Dalmatia", which is why I think it would be best to have the infobox link to a section dedicated to Coloman's title and style. Something like King of Hungary (more...)" . We could also include "By the Grace of God", if he used that phrase, and be more specific about the changes to his titles - stating that his title did not include Dalmatia until 1108, for example. What do you think? Surtsicna (talk) 18:09, 7 January 2014 (UTC)

 * (1) Coloman not only used the title, but he was the sovereign in Dalmatia (2) I well aware the fact that there are many articles where the "title" section of the infobox is not used. However, I would like to know, in what articles is it used in practese? I do not insist on mentioning all his titles in the article. I would like to understand how the infobox is to be applied. Borsoka (talk) 18:22, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Well, it is used in articles such as Felipe, Prince of Asturias, to mention the most prominent, non-hereditary titles. Other examples include Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, Christian, Prince-Elect of Denmark, etc. I am not aware of any article that uses it to list all of the subject's titles, especially not if they were regnal or hereditary. Surtsicna (talk) 18:38, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks. It is clear now. Borsoka (talk) 03:57, 8 January 2014 (UTC)

Oh, and about Sophia - I wanted to include a reference, but could not bring myself to mess up the perfect citation system you introduced into this article. I hope you will nominate it for GA soon! Anyway, shouldn't the Looz theory be mentioned somewhere (along with alternative explanations, if any)? I see that the article about Géza says nothing about it either. I wouldn't be surprised if an article explained the origin of the subject's parent. Surtsicna (talk) 18:15, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Yes, a separate article should sooner or later be created. However, reliable sources contain not much information on her: she was the wife of Géza I and mother of 4-6 children. Borsoka (talk) 18:22, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Perhaps an article about her would make a good DYK hook. If you believe that there could be an article about her, we should link to it. "Red links for subjects that should have articles but do not, are not only acceptable, but needed in the articles." A user once pointed out to me that my FA nominee suffered from a lack of red links! Surtsicna (talk) 18:41, 7 January 2014 (UTC)
 * I do not like red links. :) Borsoka (talk) 03:57, 8 January 2014 (UTC)
 * Nobody does, which is why they are good - they encourage people to make them blue! :D "They serve as a clear indication of which articles are in need of creation, and encourage it." Surtsicna (talk) 06:16, 8 January 2014 (UTC)

Treaty of Devol or First Crusade?
, would you please refer to the academic work (author, title, publisher, page number) which states that the episode you deleted here is connected to the First Crusade (as you claimed in the edit summary)?

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Coloman, King of Hungary


text: User talk:69.33.30.147

title: User talk:69.33.30.147


text:
Talk:Macbett

Untitled comment
No additional information to Eugene Ionesco. Wetman 20:55, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Macbett


text:
Christopher Augustus Cox

Private Christopher Augustus Cox VC (25 December 1889 – 28 April 1959), was a British Army soldier and an English recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC) the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Early army career
Cox was born and later worked as a farm labourer in the Hertfordshire village of Kings Langley. He married Maud Swan in 1912 and had one son when war was declared, but still volunteered in September 1914. He was a private in the 7th Battalion, The Bedfordshire Regiment. He went to France in July 1915 and spent nearly two years in the trenches, first on the Somme near Albert. He was wounded on the first day of the Somme offensive. He was at Thiepval in September 1916 and participated in the Bihucourt assault in March 1917, an engagement in which his actions would earn him the Victoria Cross.

Victoria Cross
On 13 March 1917 at Achiet-le-Grand, France, during an attack by the battalion, the front wave was checked by very heavy artillery and machine gun fire and the whole line had to take cover in shell holes. Cox, a stretcher-bearer, went out over fire-swept ground and single-handedly rescued four men. Having collected the wounded of his own battalion he then helped to bring in the wounded of the adjoining battalion. On two subsequent days he carried out similar work with complete disregard for his own safety.

Injury and later life
He sustained serious wounds to his foot in an attack on the village of Cherisy on 3 May 1917 which resulted in him being sent back to England, after which he helped to train recruits. Cox was presented with the Victoria Cross by King George V on 21 July 1917 at Buckingham Palace. After the war, he refused the offer of a commission and a house and began work as a builder in Kings Langley, later being employed at the nearby Ovaltine factory. During the Second World War, he joined the local Home Guard.

His family expanded to eight children and 14 grandchildren. He died on 28 April 1959 at the age of 69. His Victoria Cross is currently on display at the Imperial War Museum, London, England.

Memorial celebration in 2007
On 9 September 2007 Kings Langley village celebrated Christopher Augustus Cox's life and daring deeds in a village ceremony. The High Street was closed to traffic to allow a pipe band, standard bearers, ex-service men and women, local dignitaries and members of the Cox family to parade from the Kings Langley Methodist Church along the High Street to the Parish Church for a memorial service. The Last Post played by bugle was sounded within the Church and by the grave. The congregation then moved to the community centre, where artifacts relating to Christopher Cox's life were on display.

Kings Langley village was twinned with Achiet-le-Grand in France in November 2009, in honour of Christopher Cox.

title: Christopher Augustus Cox


text:
Blackout (Scorpions album)

Blackout is the eighth studio album by the German rock band Scorpions. It was released in 1982 by Harvest and EMI Records.

In the US, the album was certified gold on 24 June 1982 and platinum on 8 March 1984 by RIAA. Rolling Stone ranked Blackout as 73rd on their list of "The 100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time" in 2017.

Background
After losing his voice during the writing of the album, lead singer Klaus Meine had to undergo surgery on his vocal cords and was uncertain as to whether or not he would be able to record. Demos of the material were recorded with singer Don Dokken from Dokken, a then-unknown band from Los Angeles. However, none of those recordings are featured on the album and Dokken is only credited with backing vocals.

In Kerrang! issue 12, guitarist Rudolf Schenker said that he could not choose between his guitar solos on "China White" so the US and European releases differed in this detail.

A self-portrait of artist Gottfried Helnwein is featured on the cover of the album. Schenker portrays this character in the "No One Like You" music video.

Track listing
All music composed by Rudolf Schenker except where noted

Personnel
Scorpions
 * Klaus Meine – lead vocals
 * Rudolf Schenker – rhythm guitars, 6 & 12-string acoustic guitars, lead guitars on tracks 4, 8, 9, backing vocals
 * Matthias Jabs – lead guitars, rhythm guitars on tracks 4, 8, 9, 6 & 12-string acoustic guitars, backing vocals
 * Francis Buchholz – bass, backing vocals
 * Herman Rarebell – drums, backing vocals

Others
 * Don Dokken – backing vocals

Production
 * Dieter Dierks – producer, engineer
 * Gerd Rautenbach – mixing
 * Bob Ludwig and Howie Weinberg – mastering at Masterdisk, New York

title: Blackout (Scorpions album)


text:
User:Public Enemy~enwiki

publicenemy

title: User:Public Enemy~enwiki


text:
User talk:Public Enemy~enwiki

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 17:47, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Public Enemy~enwiki


text:
Name This Game

Name This Game and Win $10,000, usually shortened to Name This Game, is a video game developed by U.S. Games for the Atari 2600.

Gameplay
The player controls a scuba diver who must protect a treasure from an octopus at the top of the screen: The octopus tries to capture the treasure with its tentacles. Meanwhile, a great white shark tries to distract the diver by swimming back and forth toward the bottom of the screen.

The diver loses a life if he is captured by the shark or the octopus's tentacles, or if the air meter runs out. The diver can refill his air meter by touching a long pole which extends from a boat that appears from time to time.

History
The game was conceived by Rob Dubren in February 1982. He offered it to Parker Bros., who owned the video game license for Jaws at the time. After Parker Bros. lost the license, the game was shown to Jim Wickstead of James Wickstead Design Associates, who programmed it from August to October 1982. Originally developed as Treasures of the Deep, the game was picked up by U.S. Games as Guardians of Treasure.

U.S. Games decided to create a contest around the game, releasing it as Name This Game and Win $10,000 with a cash prize to be awarded to the winning name after April 30, 1983. However, before the contest was completed, U.S. Games ceased operation.

Carrere Video Distribution released the game in Europe as Octopus. Amiga also planned to include the game in its Power Play Arcade #2 cartridge under the name Galleon's Gold, but development did not proceed past the prototype stage.

Legacy
In 1994, Digital Press held its own naming contest for the game. The winning title, coined by Russ Perry Jr., was Going Under, which alluded not only to the game content, but to the final days of its publisher.

title: Name This Game


text:
Love at First Sting

Love at First Sting is the ninth studio album by German rock band Scorpions. It was released in February 1984 by Harvest and EMI Records in Europe and Mercury Records in the US. The album contains "Rock You Like a Hurricane", "Still Loving You", and "Big City Nights", three of the band's most famous songs.

Music
The album's music has been described as heavy metal, hard rock, and glam metal.

Background and recording
The album was recorded at Dierks Studios in Stommeln, West Germany. Initial sessions took place in Stockholm's Polar Studios in the Summer of 1983 with ex-Rainbow members Jimmy Bain on bass and Bobby Rondinelli on drums, but nothing made it to the final album. Love at First Sting is notable in that it was one of the first digitally recorded heavy metal records ever released.

It became the group's most successful album in the US, where it peaked at number 6 on the Billboard 200 chart in 1984, and went double-platinum by the end of the year, reaching triple-platinum status in 1995. The song "Rock You Like a Hurricane" reached number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the same year; "Still Loving You" reached number 64 on the same chart, number 14 in Germany, and number 3 in the French and Swiss single charts.

Artwork
The original cover art was created by Kochlowski, which is a German graphic design company, and features a photo shot by renowned German photographer Helmut Newton. Despite the record company having shown the original cover art to retailers without any concerns, a complaint by Walmart in the US after the album was released resulted in PolyGram Records issuing a "clean" cover for use in several department store chains. The alternative cover was designed to be less controversial by simply showing a photo of the band members, which was the same photo as the one on the inner sleeve.

Personnel

 * Scorpions
 * Klaus Meine – lead and backing vocals
 * Rudolf Schenker – rhythm guitar, lead guitar on 6, 7 & 9, backing vocals
 * Matthias Jabs – lead guitar, rhythm guitar on 6, 7 & 9, backing vocals
 * Francis Buchholz – bass, Moog Taurus, backing vocals
 * Herman Rarebell – drums, backing vocals

 * Production
 * Dieter Dierks – producer, mixing
 * Gerd Rautenbach – engineer, mastering
 * Kochlowski/Missmahl/Pieczulski – cover design

title: Love at First Sting


text:
Johnny Kling

John Gransfield Kling (November 13, 1875 – January 31, 1947) was an American professional baseball player and manager. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher from 1900 to 1913, most prominently as a member of the Chicago Cubs teams that won four National League pennants and two World Series championships between 1907 and 1910. He also played for the Boston Braves / Rustlers and the Cincinnati Reds.

Early years
Kling was born and raised in Kansas City, Missouri, the son of John (a German-American baker) and Caroline Kling. It was expected that he would work in the bakery business, as his brother Charles seems to have done, but Johnny fell in love with baseball. By the age of fifteen, he was playing amateur ball. He also had an interest in pool, and began playing competitively even as he pursued a baseball career ("Match Game of Pool", 1897, 3). In late January 1904, Kling married Lillian May Gradwohl. Whether Kling was born Jewish is a matter of dispute, but his wife was, and they were married by a Kansas City Rabbi Harry H. Mayer, of Temple B'nai Jehudah, a Reform congregation.

In the major leagues
After playing amateur and semi-pro baseball, Kling finally made his major league debut on September 11, 1900, playing for the Chicago Orphans of the National League. He got three hits, and made a positive impression both as a catcher and as a hitter. For what was left of the season, he caught fifteen games and had a batting average of .294 He also acquired the nickname "Noisy John", because he kept up a constant chatter on the field; some baseball historians have noted this was part of his skill in waging "psychological warfare" on his opponents. By all accounts he was an exceptional defensive catcher, praised for his skill in throwing out runners who were caught stealing. He was also a reliable hitter, and a pivotal member of the team that became known as the Chicago Cubs, an integral part of the dynasty, which included Hall of Fame infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers and Frank Chance. Between 1906 and 1910, the Cubs won four National League pennants and two World Series titles, and Kling was said to be one of the reasons why. And, unlike many ballplayers of his day, he didn't smoke, drink or chew tobacco. Staying in good shape as a result was said to contribute to his baseball success.

Overall, he played in 1,261 major league games, batting .272 with 20 home runs and 514 RBIs in his major-league career. He had 1,154 hits in 4,246 at bats and scored 475 runs. In August 1902, he amassed a Major League Baseball record streak of 12 consecutive hits. Walt Dropo later tied the mark in 1952. He caught 115 shutouts during his career, ranking him 16th all-time among major-league catchers.

Pool vs. Baseball
While he loved baseball, Kling never lost his devotion to the game of pool. In 1902, for example, one reporter called him the best pool player of any active baseball player. He often played for purses as high as $300, a sizable amount in that era. During this time, he also ran his own billiard room in his native Kansas City. During the early 1900s, his pool-playing career was regarded positively by sports reporters—in one article, he was praised as a baseball player who was not idle during the off-season; he was said to have "double[d] his diamond income" by being an accomplished pool player. His skill at pool also served him well when it came time to negotiate his baseball salary. Before the 1906 season he announced that he would not sign a new contract unless Chicago offered him a raise in pay, and if the raise was not forthcoming he would stay home and play pool. This angered his manager, Frank Chance, who snapped that everyone else but Kling had come to terms with the club. He subsequently did decide to play, raise or not. He had another impressive season, catching 96 games and hitting over .300 for the record 116-36 pennant winners.

Although he once again told Cubs' management he was considering giving up baseball for pool before the 1907 season, he once again returned to play for the Cubs, who won the World Series in both 1907 and 1908. Then, in early 1909, after several solid years with Chicago, he engaged in another dispute with the management over salary and this time decided to spend some time away from the club. During that time he continued to compete in pool, winning the world billiards championship, and played semi-pro baseball with a Kansas City team. He sat out the entire 1909 season, and in early October competed against Charles "Cowboy" Weston and won the world's championship of pool. When he decided to come back to baseball in early 1910 and asked to be reinstated, a debate ensued as to whether he should be permitted to return since he had not honored his contract during the 1909 season. National League President Thomas J. Lynch wanted him fined or possibly traded; in the end, he was fined $700 and allowed to return. His love for both pool and billiards led him to not only play competitively, but to organize a league which was called the National Amateur Three-Cushion League. It had teams from eight cities, Kansas City, Chicago and St. Louis among them. He told reporters that when his baseball career was over, he would devote himself to pool and billiards full-time. And despite his often-divided loyalties, baseball writers agreed that Kling was among the best players of his era; in fact, his obituary described him as "one of the greatest catchers the Chicago Cubs ever had".

Final years
After a decade of success with the Cubs, Kling was traded to the lowly Boston Braves, where he spent the 1911 and 1912 seasons. At one point he even managed the Braves, but his managerial efforts were not successful and the team had a losing record He was said to be unhappy with the way the Braves' owners made him run the team, and this led to his being traded in 1913. His final year in the majors was spent with the Cincinnati Reds. He devoted the rest of his life to several important pursuits. He owned the Dixon Hotel in Kansas City, where his billiard parlor gained national recognition. During his baseball career, he had begun mentoring his nephew, Bennie Allen, and as the years passed, Bennie went on to become a champion too. In 1933, he purchased the Kansas City Blues of the American Association and was able to generate more interest in the team and increase their attendance within a year of taking over. One of his innovations was to desegregate the ballpark, allowing both black and white fans to attend the games together. Kling sold the Blues in 1937.

Though never a major name among Hall of Fame rooters, Kling garnered his share of support for Cooperstown. He received votes from the BBWAA in eight elections, earning as much as 10% of the vote (in 1937).

In late January 1947, while returning from Miami to Kansas City, he suffered either a heart attack or a cerebral hemorrhage and died in the hospital at age 71. He was survived by his wife and two daughters.

Debate of Jewish heritage
Speculation about whether Kling was Jewish has persisted over the years. One source says he used the name "Kline" early in his career, a surname that is sometimes (but not always) Jewish. And although he was married to a Jewish woman in a ceremony conducted by a Reform Jewish rabbi, there are questions that have never been fully resolved. The major Jewish newspapers never questioned Kling's Jewishness: writers and reporters frequently referred to him as Jewish, in articles from the 1920s through the 1970s. The Boston Jewish Advocate was among those that asserted his real name was John Kline, and said he had even played baseball under that name; one writer said he was "the first of the Jewish [baseball] pioneers" (Harold U. Ribalow, "Johnny Kling Showed the Way", Jewish Advocate, 12 April 1951, p. 22). But even earlier, the story of Kling's Jewishness was given a vote of confidence by New York Giants owner-manager John McGraw, who knew Kling and referred to him as a Jewish ballplayer in a 1923 article, "Jewish Baseball Players Wanted" (American Israelite, 9 August 1923, p. 6). Among contemporary authors who believe he was Jewish is Dr. Gil Bogen, who wrote a book about Kling's life. But some researchers dispute this, and years after his death, his widow Lillian, who was definitely Jewish, seemed to deny that her husband was ever Jewish.

title: Johnny Kling


text:
User:Topbanana/Reports/An acronym link is suggested

Overview
The list below shows articles to which acronym pages could perhaps link. It was generated on 9th August 2004 from the 2nd August 2004 database dump.

Preamble
Acronym pages provide disambiguating links to relevant articles. The list below shows articles which have names that might be abbreviated as a given acronym, but which are not (yet) linked to from the acronym page. Check and add any appropriate articles to the acronym page.

Regenerating this report
This report is generated from a Link Analysis Database using the SQL:

select concat( '*', abbr.art_title, ' → ', group_concat( concat( , poss.art_title,  ) ), ' ?' ) into outfile 'c:\out.txt' from art abbr, art poss LEFT OUTER JOIN good_links ON from_id = abbr.art_id AND to_id = poss.art_id where Length( abbr.art_title ) = 3 and mid( abbr.art_title, 1, 1 ) between 'A' and 'Z' and mid( abbr.art_title, 2, 1 ) between 'A' and 'Z' and mid( abbr.art_title, 3, 1 ) between 'A' and 'Z' and abbr.art_is_disambig = 1 and poss.art_is_redirect = 0 and poss.art_is_disambig = 0 and poss.art_title LIKE concat( mid( abbr.art_title, 1, 1 ), '%\_', mid( abbr.art_title, 2, 1 ), '%\_', mid( abbr.art_title, 3, 1 ), '_%' ) and length( poss.art_title) - length( replace( poss.art_title, '_', '' )) = 2 GROUP BY abbr.art_title;

This statement only checks three-letter acronyms. If two or four-letter acronyms are required, adjust accordingly.

Suggested improvements

 * Eliminate towns/cities as they are rarely referred to using a TLA. Perhaps, ignoring articles with commas in the title might do the trick? RedWolf 22:11, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Perhaps just ignore parts of name after commas; towns and cities with a three word name might well be referred to by a TLA. Warofdreams 12:11, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Suppress suggestions for articles with colons in their title - the link analysis database is very bad at matching these. - TB 09:47, Aug 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Suppress items where the first word is "The" -- Picapica 13:39, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Are you also checking absent (red) acronym page for possible content enabling us to start them?

List
List removed, hideously out of date. - TB 18:00, 31 December 2005 (UTC)


text: File:Johnny Cling Baseball.jpg

title: File:Johnny Cling Baseball.jpg


text:
Buras, Louisiana

Buras is a census-designated place (CDP) in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States. Its population was 945 at the 2010 census, and 1,109 in 2020. Prior to the 2010 census, Buras was considered to be part of the Buras-Triumph CDP.

History
Hurricane Katrina made its official landfall in Louisiana in Buras in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana on August 29, 2005. Buras experienced the full force of the storm, with catastrophic winds and storm surge leading to extensive damage. This area marked the first point of impact for one of the most devastating hurricanes in U.S. history. In November 2006, Jeré Longman of The New York Times wrote that "almost no evidence of recovery exist[ed]" in the post-Hurricane Katrina period. In December 2007, Longman reported that there was still "little sign of recovery" in Buras. The town was founded in the 1840s; 20 years later, it was the site of Civil War battles at Forts Jackson and St. Philip. Today, the Buras area is known for hauling in much of the state's oysters.

Demographics
Buras was split off from the Buras-Triumph CDP prior to the 2010 U.S. Census.

Government
The United States Postal Service operates a post office.

Education
Plaquemines Parish School Board operates the public schools of the parish.

It is served by South Plaquemines High School in Empire, next to the Buras CDP, and with a Buras postal address.

Prior to 2005, Buras Middle School (grades 6–8) and Buras High School (grades PK-5 and 9–12) served the community, but Hurricane Katrina damaged the buildings. In the immediate post-Katrina period no new campuses opened in Buras, leading some residents to feel that the community may further erode. The permanent school building of South Plaquemines High was established on the site of the former Buras Middle School, while faculty residences were placed on the property of the former Buras High School.

Plaquemines Parish is in the service area of Nunez Community College.

The Plaquemines Parish Library maintains the Buras Branch.

title: Buras, Louisiana


text:
Talk:Spectroscopy/to do

 * Restructure according to guidelines in WikiProject Science, ie. :
 * start with 2 or 3 paragraphs for the general public, using daily life examples
 * explain the applications of spectroscopy. In particular, explain its importance in the development of physics and many other sciences
 * present the different techniques and their classifications
 * detail the history

title: Talk:Spectroscopy/to do


text:
Un gars, une fille

Un gars, une fille (, A Guy, A Girl) is a Canadian comedy television series created by and starring Guy A. Lepage and broadcast on Radio-Canada, as well as the title of its French adaptation on France 2. It was one of the most successful television shows in the province of Quebec, with a concept exported to more than thirty markets around the world. It was the first French-language Canadian television programme to be adapted in the United States.

The show spawned several international versions, most notably a French TV series of the same name, which characters appeared in a 1999 episode of the original series, "À Paris".

Overview
A typical episode features several vignettes of the everyday life of a couple, with the camera mostly centred on them. Often other characters are cropped, giving the programme its unique visual style. The couple receives friends for supper, go to the convenience store, or leave on a trip, and sometimes get on each other's nerves. Their quirks, and loving bickering, provide much of the program's humour. The graphic design style associated with the original Un gars, une fille, which consists of a palette of pastel blue and pink, and rough lines and scribbles, as well as a logo with simulated printing mistakes and smears, has been imitated by most of the other versions, with the notable exception of the American version. The character names are often those of the actors, as in the first version.

The concept of Un gars, une fille began in the 1990s as a series of short segments featured on Besoin d'amour, a TQS network daily talk-show, hosted by Guy A. Lepage that ran from 1995 to 1996. Lepage, a veteran of the renowned comedy troupe Rock et Belles Oreilles (RBO), played one half of the couple along with Sylvie Léonard. The duo reprised their roles in what became Un gars une fille in 1997, a successful weekly 26-minute programme which spawned many adaptations. It was celebrated numerous times at awards presentations, notably winning the Gémeaux, Félix, and MetroStar Awards. It was also nominated twice at the American Emmy Awards. Produced by Avanti Ciné Vidéo, the show aired from 1997 to 2003 in its initial run, and continued in reruns afterward. 130 episodes were produced, which included about 4,000 scenes. The scriptwriting team included RBO members André Ducharme and Bruno Landry, as well as Sylvie Léonard herself. Yves P. Pelletier, also from RBO, has been featured onscreen. After the series concluded in 2003, Lepage went on to produce and host the hugely successful Tout le monde en parle, adapted from the eponymous French hit talk-show.

A standard episode is presented in three acts, each of which is split into five to seven scenes. Flashy pastel blue and pink graphics with squiggly lines follow punchlines and mark transitions, coupled with an upbeat percussive tune, and often a spoken Voice-over phrase summing up the previous segment. Appropriately, the show's publicity, and early video release covers, are often recognisable by the presence of those pastel blue and pink colours and askew lines, mimicking the graphics that separate the programme's scenes; traditionally, the colour blue is associated with boys and pink with girls.

The two main characters, "Guy et Sylvie", are named after the actors who play them. Guy likes to tease Sylvie on a variety of subjects and hates her mother. His father is remarried to a young, good-looking stripper, Mélanie, played by Mahée Paiement, and had a child with her. The attention the child receives makes Guy jealous, his father having spent little time with him when he was a child. Unlike Guy, Sylvie dreams of having a baby. She is jealous of Geneviève, Guy's sexy, and promiscuous, office colleague with whom he had a one-time affair years ago. She is also obsessed with cleanliness and resents Guy for being untidy. A curious running gag from the show involves Guy surprising Sylvie by grabbing her breasts from behind while shouting "Road Runner!", followed by the cartoon character's emblematic honking "beeb beeb" sound. While she ostensibly loves it, she pretended the exact opposite when it was obliquely brought up by Guy in front of her mother. This joke was developed on the set by the two actors. The last season saw notable developments: a marriage, and a trip to Vietnam to adopt a little girl.

Bulgaria
The Bulgarian version, known as Тя и той (She and He) aired from 2002 to 2005 on bTV. In 2007, the show moved to Foxlife and the fourth season began airing. The show was cancelled after the final (25th) episode of the season, ending with a cliffhanger. 96 episodes were produced during the show's Bulgarian run. Since then reruns are airing on Foxlife and bTV Comedy. Stefaniya Koleva stars as Sylvia, and Yulian Vergov plays Martin.

Canada (English version)
An English Canadian adaptation was created by the producer of the original show, Luc Wiseman of Avanti Ciné-Vidéo television production company. The main English Canadian networks CBC, CTV, and Global Television were not interested in the concept. Wiseman stated: "They were saying that it was not for the Canadian market, that it was too audacious". With the title A Guy & A Girl, it ended up airing on Women's Television Network (WTN), (now known as the W Network), a cable television specialty channel, and lasted for two seasons. Jeff Clarke played Mike, and Katherine Ashby was Susy; together they received a Gemini Award nomination for Ensemble Performance in a Comedy Program or Series at the 18th Gemini Awards in 2003.

Cyprus
Εγώ κι εσύ (Me and You) began airing in October 2010 on CyBC1, the Cyprus' public broadcaster's main television channel, and on the CyBC Video on Demand platform, in the format of one 35-minute episode each week. Following the original concept, it kept the actors' actual names: Marios is the guy (played by Marios Mettis) and Niovi is the girl (played by Niovi Haralambus). In the other half of the season Fotis is the guy (played by Fotis Georgidis) and Danae is the girl (played by Danae Christou).

Greece
Σ' αγαπώ μ' αγαπάς (S'agapo m'agapas, English: I Love You, You Love Me) began broadcasting in Greece in 2000. Its format is weekly, 26-minute episodes, much like the original. Thodoris Atheridis plays Thodoris, the guy, and Dimitra Papadopoulou plays Dimitra, the girl, replicating the original version's concept of using the actors' first names for the characters.

Hungary
The Hungarian version of Un gars, une fille was called Szeret, nem szeret. It began airing in 2002 on TV2. According to IMDB, the format is 7-minute segments, much like in France. The guy is Brúnó, played by Szabó Győző and the girl is Brigi, played by Oroszlán Szonja.

Italy
The first Italian version of the programme was called Love Bugs, which is the international marketing name of Un gars, une fille. It ran on Italia 1 from 2004 to 2005 with the couple played by comedian Fabio De Luigi (already well known for his collaboration with Gialappa's Band) and Michelle Hunziker, a veteran of Zelig Circus. A second season, Love Bugs 2 aired from 2005 to 2006 with Elisabetta Canalis replacing Hunziker. The characters' names in both series are those of the actors, in the fashion of the original show. In the third season in 2007, Love Bugs 3, the couple was played by Emilio Solfrizzi and Giorgia Surina (MTV's Veejay). Because of low ratings, Love Bugs 3 was cancelled. Nevertheless, approximately 50 episodes of the third season were filmed and broadcast, much the same as the previous two seasons.

North Macedonia
The Macedonian version of "Un gars, une fille" is known under the name of Сашо и Сашка (Sasho & Sashka). It stars Biljana Dragicevik-Projkovska as Sashka, the girl, and Zoran Ljutkov as Sasho, the guy. It was broadcast in 2005–2006 on Macedonian Radio Television.

Poland
In Poland, Kasia i Tomek began broadcast on September 3, 2002, on the TVN network. The title refers to the first names of the characters, the Polish equivalents of the English "Kate" and "Tom". It starred Joanna Brodzik as Kasia, the girl, and Paweł Wilczak as Tomek, the guy. It won two Telekamery awards in 2002: one for best comedy series and one for Brodzik for best actress. There were 100 episodes divided into 3 seasons.

Portugal
The version broadcast in Portugal began in 1999 and was called Entre Marido e Mulher ("Between Husband and Wife"). The format was weekly 26-minute episodes, like the Canadian original.

Romania
The Romanian version is broadcast by Fox Life.

Russia
In Russia a version of the showed aired on TNT channel starting 2003 under the title Sasha + Masha ("Саша + Маша"). 125 episodes were filmed between 2003 and 2005. The show became a hit and remains popular, as of 2009. The lead actors are Elena Biryukova (Елена Бирюкова) and Georgiy Dronov (Георгий Дронов).

Spain/Mexico/Argentina
Spain's version of the programme is called El y Ella ("He and She"), with a format similar to France with 7-minute shows each day. It began in broadcasting in 2000. As with the original, the actors' first names were used for the main characters: Josep Julien is Pep while Cristina Solá is Cristina. ("Pep" is a pet name for Josep.)

Serbia
In Serbia and Montenegro, Andrija i Anđelka began broadcasting on October 5, 2015, on the Prva network and in Croatia on the RTL on January 15, 2016. The title refers to the first names of the characters. It stars Anđelka Prpić as the girl and Andrija Milošević as the guy. The series aired for more than two seasons. The first, from 5 October 2015 to 31 December 2015, had 64 episodes. The second season aired from 29 February 2016 to 13 June 2016 and included episodes 65 to 148. The third season, episodes 148 to 156, was shown from 7 October 2016 to 28 October 2016. Those were the final episodes of the series. On February 1, 2017, the series premiered in Macedonia on Televizija 24 with the title Андрија и Анѓелка,

Slovenia
In Slovenia, channel Planet TV started broadcasting the first season of the series on 6 March 2016. It airs from Monday to Friday and on Sundays. The Slovenian version of the series is called 'Da, dragi! Da, draga!'. The main two characters are portrayed by Lotos Vincenc Šparovec and Gorka Berden. The director of the sitcom is Ven Jemeršić.

Sweden
In Sweden, Två som Oss ("Two like Us") began broadcast on 11 November 1999 on the channel SVT 1. The actors are Per Svensson as Peter and Anna-Lena Hemström as the Lena. The format is similar to the Canadian with a 26-minutes show weekly

Turkey
In Turkey the series is called 1 Kadın 1 Erkek ("One Woman One Man") featuring Demet Evgar and Emre Karayel. The first season finished in June 2009 with 36 episodes that were aired on the TurkMax channel during Thursday prime-time, with each episode running approximately 27 to 28 minutes in length. Despite the series airing on a specialty channel, on a satellite network - Digiturk - that requires a subscription, its popularity among young viewers is increasing steadily thanks to viral marketing and the sharing of clips on YouTube and Facebook. In January 2012 the show was renamed 1 Erkek 1 Kadın ("One Man One Woman") and new episodes aired on Star TV.

Ukraine
The Ukrainian version of Un gars, une fille called Lesya + Roma (Леся + Рома) began broadcasting in 2005 on ICTV. It stars Irma Vitovska as Les′a, the girl, and Dmytro Lalenkov as Roma, the guy. It is the first comedy show to be produced in the Ukrainian language. It airs on weekdays with an average rating of 2 million viewers.

United States
Entitled Lovebites, the American version began broadcasting on September 13, 2006, with comedian Paul Reiser as executive producer and writer. It was co-produced by Stuart McLean (founder of Content & Company) at JWT, the world's fourth largest advertising agency. While the original format was 26 minutes, the American version consisted of a season of 82 episodes of two and a half minutes each (which was not part of the original contract, see below). 65 should be seen on television while 17 will be available for computers and cell phones. It aired on the TBS cable television network on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays sometime in the slot between 11:00 pm and midnight, and on Friday morning in the slot between 9:00 am and 10:00 am. Lovebites stars David Julian Hirsh (a native of Montreal, Quebec, seen in CSI: NY and Naked Josh) and Lauren Bittner (seen in Law & Order: Criminal Intent and Third Watch). The characters, called Max and Katie, are about 25 years old, younger than the original Guy and Sylvie. Another notable difference with the original version is that the couple in Lovebites breaks the fourth wall and speaks directly to the camera.

Lovebites was the first time a Québécer TV concept was adapted for an American audience (Louis 19, King of the Airwaves (Louis 19, le roi des ondes), a movie, had already been remade as EdTV). Reiser is said to have been captivated by the series when it was presented to him by Michel Rodrigue, president of Distraction Formats, the Montreal-based international distribution company for Un gars, une fille. Rodrigue said: "The selling process has been long and complicated. It has been a very long time that we have been working on it". Creator Guy A. Lepage said that he thought the chemistry worked well between the two main actors. Nevertheless, he has stated his disappointment with the finished product, giving it a "2 out of 10". In his opinion, the problem did not lie with the acting, but with the length of the show (two and a half minutes long, as mentioned above), the sponsor, the broadcasting and the assembling. He summed it up by saying: "It's media concentration to the power of 1,000, like a super big TVA". (TVA is part of Pierre Karl Péladeau's Quebecor media conglomerate.) Sunsilk, a shampoo brand of Unilever's, was the main sponsor of Lovebites. As of 2006, Canadian and American producers are still caught up in a legal dispute, notably about the aforementioned short length. The initial contract planned a guaranteed minimum of seven minutes per episode.

Others
The concept of Un gars, une fille was also sold to producers in: Algeria, Argentina, Belgium, Bosnia, Cuba, Denmark, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Latvia, Lebanon (Patricia Nammour - Issam Breidy), Mexico, the Netherlands, Romania, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and many others, totaling more than thirty countries. Not all of these rights sales have resulted in a programme being produced.

Official

 * Official website of the Quebec version
 * Official website of the American adaptation
 * Official website of the French adaptation
 * Official website of the Italian adaptation
 * Official website of the Polish adaptation
 * Official website of the Turkish adaptation

Videos

 * Promotional video for international distribution featuring the Quebec version and various adaptations
 * Video of the French adaptation
 * Video of the Greek adaptation
 * Video of the Polish adaptation
 * Video of the Turkish adaptation

title: Un gars, une fille


text:
Udenheim

Udenheim is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Location
As a winegrowing centre, Udenheim lies in Germany’s biggest winegrowing district, in the middle of the wine region of Rhenish Hesse. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Wörrstadt, whose seat is in the like-named municipality.

Municipal council
The council is made up of 16 council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairwoman.

The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:

Coat of arms
The German blazon reads: ''In blau ein goldener, von zwei roten Sparren belegter Schräg-rechts-Balken, beseitet von je einem silbernen rechtsgewendeten Adler. Darüber in einem goldenen Schildhaupt ein blaues Rebengewinde''.

The municipality’s arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Azure a bend Or charged with two chevrons gules between two eagles displayed argent, in a chief of the second a vine wavy with three bunches of grapes and leafed of two, all of the first.

The German blazon does not specify how many bunches of grapes or leaves (if indeed any) there are to be, however.

The chief with its grapevine, of course, expresses the importance of winegrowing in Udenheim, which indeed is an important business throughout Rhenish Hesse. The field is charged with elements taken from two noble families’ coats of arms. These former nobles were the Lords of Udenheim (the bend, that is, diagonal stripe, in this case charged with chevrons), whose kinsman Peter von Udenheim was enfeoffed with the village by Count Heinrich II von Sponheim in 1380, and the family Köth von Wannscheid, who lived in the area, and whose kinsman Johann Friedrich von Köth was buried in the Udenheim church in 1590.

In 1956, a different, but nonetheless rather similar-looking coat of arms was proposed for Udenheim. It had no chief (the band at the top of the escutcheon), but otherwise the charges and tinctures were the same as in the arms eventually adopted, with one small exception: There was only one eagle; there was none in base, and the bend simply had an empty blue field underneath.

Buildings
Since 1874, a belltower has stood in the middle of the village that was built for a foreseen church that was itself never built. The tower also long served as an alarm for the fire brigade.

title: Udenheim


text:
Talk:Standard score

Standard Normal Deviate
I deleted this sentence, the subject of which is 'standard scores': "They are most frequently used to compare an observation to a theoretical deviate, such as a standard normal deviate."

1. Wasn't appropriate for intro. Roll into body?

2. Deviate (statistics) redirects to Random Variate, so, consider using that term?

3. 'Standard normal deviate' page was written ten years ago by someone who admits they don't know much about statistics and asked for help (which, sadly, never came). Shortly thereafter, it was nominated for deletion. But yet, it stays. It is not a very good page. OmneBonum (talk) 23:47, 3 March 2020 (UTC)

Other scores

 * Just one quick addition/question. Standard score in statistics is not related only to (z) scores.  "It should include (z), (t), deviation (IQS), stanine, sten scores, (others...)"(Drummond, 2004). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.182.95.67 (talk • contribs)

$$ y = \frac{x - minimum}{maximum-minimum} $$ - herr_blaschke 14:22, 3 Jan 2008 (UTC)
 * Where can we add the value range standardization following

Modified content
I added stuff about standardization and standardized because a while back I created an article called "Standardized" that I'm now trying to get rid of (merging, then REDIRECTing -- note that the only page history Standardized had was the initial page creation by me on March 9, 2004 — I figured that wasn't important to keep).

I removed the following sentence because it was rendered mostly redundant by my discussion of comparing 2 students' exam scores.
 * A standard score is a way of placing a raw score in context. It is often used to compare test results within and between groups, and especially with reference to a norm group. - dcljr 21:11, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I also removed the "external link" section and moved it to main text, and changed "\overline" back to "\bar". Not only do I prefer the look of "/bar", but it makes a little more sense, since the symbol is usually read, "x-bar". - dcljr 21:22, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Question about normalising
How is normalising data different from standardising data? The Normalization (statistical) pages doesn't give much (enough) information about this. 129.97.80.128 21:51, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

Symbols question
Hi. Could somebody explain to me why sometimes symbols (like the Greek letters named mu and sigma) appear in pages while other times there are what seem like LaTeX codes (like \mu and \sigma)? I wonder why the codes appear, instead of their compiled output or the appropriate symbols. Thank you. Xinelo 11:11, 29 September 2006 (UTC)

Suggestion: Separate entry for [Normal Score]?
There should be a separate entry for [Normal Score]...maybe even a disambiguation page for [Normal Score], to separate [Standard Score]s or [Z-Score]s (same thing) from the [Normal Score]s of van der Waerden or Blom (altogether different from standard- or Z-scores...see http://www.statsdirect.com/help/data_preparation/normal_scores.htm or http://www.dnr.state.ak.us/ssd/whtest/sashtml/stat/chap47/sect17.htm for definitions.) -- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.33.196.22 (talk • contribs)

External Link Added
I added a link to a z-score table. z-score tables, though archaic, are definitely a part of the curriculum and should be mentioned somewhere. 68.19.125.93
 * That link is a commercial link and does not belong in Wikipedia. Please find a non-commercial link with the same or similar content. -- Chris53516 20:53, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Granted, but, as the site itself admits, this is not proprietary material. (edit: I fail to see how this is not a fair use, considering, but I will admit that wiki has far more stringent policies on fair use than is normal, and that I may be entirely incorrect due to a faulty interpretation of wiki policy) Anyway, its not worth my time to comb google for a better one, so I'll leave it in the talk page and someone else can find something better. http://www.statsoft.com/textbook/sttable.html#index 68.19.125.93
 * Oh, it's fair to use, it's just that the website is a commercial entity, and linking to it may be seen as advertisement. See External links for more info. -- Chris53516 21:37, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Population versus Sample
"A key point is that calculating z requires the population mean and the population standard deviation, not the sample mean or sample deviation. It requires knowing the population parameters, not the statistics of a sample drawn from the population of interest."

My professor (Ph.D Electrical Eng.) says this is wrong, ether type can be use... Anyone care to offer up a third opinion or clarification?

-

The official definition of z involves the difference between a particular score and the population mean. So in order to calculate z you must know the population mean. Knowing the population mean is very easy with standardized testing because the population is all of the tests administered. For most natural phenomena, knowing the population parameters such as the population mean is practically impossible which is why sampling is done to try to estimate the population parameters by calculating sample statistics. If the sampling is done properly and the population has one of statistically correct types of distributions then the sample statistics can be used to approximate the population parameters. z score calculation requires that the population distribution be a normal curve.

So basically your professor is sort of right and sort of wrong. He is right if the population of interest is normally distributed and the sample statistics are good approximations of the population parameters. In many cases people will make that the distribution is normal and that the sample statistics do approximate the population parameters well enough. The nice thing about have the entire population such as the results of a standardized test is that the researcher can calculate the population parameters and can also check that the distribution is actually normal.

see http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/68384.html

Richardelainechambers 02:47, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

Totally incomprehensible jargon to this layperson
... and I say that as a Ph.D. who received good grades in her two graduate statistics courses. Is there anyone here who can decipher and "normalize" (sorry! :) the dense math-speak in this article to be a little more accessible? There's only so far it can be simplified, of course, being a mathematical concept, but surely it doesn't have to be this hard. As a guide, I clicked on this wikilink from an article that mentioned that the movie criticism site Metacritic is different from Rotten Tomatoes in that it uses normalized scores, so that may give you a clue as to how non-mathematical a person's motives might be in exploring this article. Lawikitejana (talk) 05:17, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

z-scores are not just for normal distributions
I think this article should mention that z-scores are applicable to ANY distribution where the population mean and standard deviations are known. All a z-score is, by definition, is the number of standard deviations away from the mean. It does not only apply to the normal distribution! This article intertwines z-scores and normal distributions which only leads to more confusion about z-scores. Z-scores make sense in uniform distributions, triangular distributions, and anything else you can think of. —Preceding unsigned comment added by ChevyC (talk • contribs) 16:35, 11 July 2009 (UTC)

Capitalisation
I came to this article to check to see whether "Z-score" should have a capital "Z", or a lower case "z". Both are used in the article, away from full-stops/periods. Is there a correct notation? Does the capitalisation refer to population, rather than sample properties?

Cheers! Buzwad (talk) 10:33, 6 May 2010 (UTC)

Table change
Hi, can someone please change the first row of the little table with Z scores to be 0.68ish and 1? I stopped in because I'm reverse engineering Excel's NORMINV function (this version of Excel doesn't have function help) and I'm too busy to figure out how to update a wiki page (I never have before). The other three Z scores look right (the 95%, 99%, etc), but it looks like someone typed 0.68 and 0.67 or something accidentally, rather than 1 (68%ish is 1 std dev from the mean).

✅ Qwfp (talk) 19:22, 21 March 2011 (UTC)

Usefulness of the standard score?
Hi there, I read this article with interest. However, what seems to be missing to my (non-mathematical) mind is a section on the actual use and usefulness of the standard score. My very limited understanding is that this score is useful because it tells you how meaningful your results are: the more they deviate from (expected) normal distribution, the more likely it is that your data has something special to tell you. Now I am sure this is somewhat reductive or just part of the story, but more on this would be important, I think. -- Cheers, --PhilipWinter (talk) 11:16, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

There is an obvious lack of reference to the use of standard score with a standard normal table. There is no better use than I can think of. Stephen Charles Thompson (talk) 15:01, 7 May 2012 (UTC)

Here is a suggestion, an example from research within the medical field - is this suitable here? Please note: self-citation: In a study on dogs, plasma vasopressin concentration increased at removal of both ovaries, with a 15 minute pause between ovary removal. Blood pressure and vasopressin concentrations changed in parallel at use of z‐scores (standard scores) for comparison.

The suggested image has been remade from the publication: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blood_pressure_and_Vasopressin_at_removal_of_ovaries,_Z-scores.jpg Odd Höglund (SLU) (talk) 20:24, 2 February 2019 (UTC)

Help in correcting the diagram
As a perceptive user noticed, I had mixed up variance and standard deviation in the diagram at Standard_score. The text may be fixed now, but it seems that a correction in the diagram itself is necessary as well. I know how to easily change the letters in the image in Inkscape, but before I do so, can we conclude exactly how it needs to be changed? Is it enough to remove that little 2 above the σ at the top? Mikael Häggström (talk) 11:51, 14 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I've made an entry at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Statistics for this issue now. Mikael Häggström (talk) 05:38, 30 November 2011 (UTC)

and when it's multivariate?
how dow you standardize when it's multivariate? 134.106.106.34 (talk) 16:36, 19 March 2013 (UTC)

Broken Link
External link to z-score calculator is broken. 173.246.13.195 (talk) 12:30, 9 August 2014 (UTC)

Incorrect formula for 'Z'
The formula given for 'Z' here is:

Z = [ (x-μ)/σ ]

Where:

 * x is the raw score (the sample mean being tested)
 * μ is the mean of the population
 * σ is the standard deviation of the population
 * s is the standard deviation of the sample

But, isn't that incorrect?

The actual formula is the following:

Z = [ (x-μ) / [σ/SqareRoot(N, the sample-size) ]

Since s = [σ/SqareRoot(N, the sample-size)]

then the correct formula might be rewritten:

Z = [ (x-μ)/s ] if they don't like the definition of 's'

Sources to prove my point:

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/statistics/univariate-inferential-tests/one-sample-z-test

https://onlinecourses.science.psu.edu/stat414/node/269

As well as Duke University! http://sites.nicholas.duke.edu/statsreview/means/

and even: https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/265615/z-test-for-a-population-proportion

and also this Canadian site: http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/courses/c1/chap7/chap7b.html

In all fairness, this website http://www.free-six-sigma.com/z-value.html has BOTH formulas, but does NOT explain why both are used.

Please either correct the error, or clarify why the formula in the Wikipedia article is correct.96.59.135.184 (talk) 06:49, 2 June 2017 (UTC)

Thehampshirehog (talk) 22:40, 25 September 2017 (UTC) I'm new to contributing to discussion pages so hope this helps and I am following correct etiquette ... You are referring to calculating a standard score from the *sample* mean and standard deviation, for example a couple dozen ball bearings taken randomly from a production line. The article here relates to calculating a standard score from the *population* mean and standard deviation. This formula is simpler but you need to measure all of the ball bearings which could be a bit tedious! This isn't always as impractical it may seem. For example if you were standardising the results of this year's UK's Chemistry GCSE exams you will already have ‘measured’ the population. Sal from Khan Academy produced a short video explaining exactly why the *sample* standard deviation is different which is well worth checking out as he does an infinitely better job than I can. If you want to work through some examples, Excel provides functions for both, STDDEV.S and STDDEV.P. Thehampshirehog (talk) 22:40, 25 September 2017 (UTC)

 * You're combining both a z-score and a z-statistic.
 * $$ \frac{x - \mu}{\sigma} $$ is the formula for a z-score
 * $$ \frac{x - \mu}{\frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}} $$ is the formula for a z-statistic, utilized for the Z-test
 * Jmbarbone (talk) 14:14, 8 July 2021 (UTC)

Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: https://assess.com/z-score. Copied or closely paraphrased material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.)

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History?
Okay I'm gonna be upfront and say flat-out that I'm asking this because I can't find any information on this anywhere else: wouldn't a section on the history of z-scores and standardisation for this be prudent? I'm sure this technique is pretty old but I think it'd be an interesting addition to the page, at least. APenInSpace (talk) 10:17, 28 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Standard score


text:
HMS Tiara (P351)

HMS Tiara (P351) was a Royal Navy Group Three T-class submarine laid down at Portsmouth Dockyard on 8 April 1943 and launched on 18 April 1944. However the war ended before she was completed and she arrived at Dover Industries for scrapping in June 1947. Her sister vessel HMS Thor (P349) was launched on the same day at Portsmouth dockyard and not completed either. She would have been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name Tiara.

title: HMS Tiara (P351)


text:
Tiamat (band)

Tiamat is a Swedish metal band that formed in Stockholm in 1987 and led by Johan Edlund. The band went through a number of stylistic changes in their earlier releases before settling on gothic metal.

History
Initially, the band had the name Treblinka and a style of black/death metal. After having recorded the album Sumerian Cry in 1989, guitarist/vocalist Johan Edlund and bassist Jörgen Thullberg parted ways with the other two founding members, and subsequently changed the name to Tiamat. The Sumerian Cry album included re-recorded Treblinka songs and was released in June 1990. AllMusic refers to early Tiamat as "one of the leading lights in symphonic black metal."

After the debut, Edlund's leadership would modify the band's style with influences ranging from Black Sabbath, Mercyful Fate, Candlemass, Pink Floyd and King Crimson, with Sumerian lyrical themes. H. P. Lovecraft's writings also appear to have influenced Tiamat's thematology, a development consistent with a broader trend in death metal culture. Polish guitarist Waldemar Sorychta would produce and contribute instrumentation to many of the band's albums, as well as those by Tiamat's own tour and labelmates, including Moonspell, Rotting Christ, Lacuna Coil and Samael.

1994's critically acclaimed Wildhoney mixed raw vocals, slow guitar riffs and synthesizer sounds which sounded different from other extreme metal bands active at that time. An almost continuous forty-minute piece of music, Wildhoney led to the band's appearances at the Dynamo and Wacken Open Air heavy metal festivals in 1995. The group would play a second gig at Dynamo two years later.

Upon the release of A Deeper Kind of Slumber in 1997, Edlund relocated from Sweden to Germany and declared himself the only permanent member of the band; all albums that would follow would cement the band into a more gothic rock sound, quite different from the extreme music they did in the years before, with recent albums showing a Sisters of Mercy and Pink Floyd influence.

The band signed to Nuclear Blast in June 2007, and released their ninth album Amanethes on 18 April 2008.

On 10 August 2008, Thomas Wyreson announced that he was quitting the band, stating that "it's just kinda hard to make everything work with the family etc."

Their song "Cain" was also featured in the 2004 video game Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines.

The band's tenth full-length studio album, The Scarred People, was released on 2 November 2012 through Napalm Records.

Members

 * Current members
 * Johan Edlund – vocals, guitars, keyboards, theremin (1987–present)
 * Lars Sköld – drums (1994–present)
 * Anders Iwers – bass (1996–present)
 * Roger Öjersson – guitars, keyboards, mandolin, backing vocals (2010–present)

 * Past members
 * Jörgen "Juck" Thullberg – bass (1987–1992)
 * Anders Holmberg – drums (1987–1990)
 * Stefan Lagergren – guitars (1987–1990)
 * Niklas Ekstrand – drums (1990–1994)
 * Thomas Petersson – guitars (1990–1994, 1996–1999, 2001–2008)
 * Johnny Hagel – bass (1992–1996)
 * Kenneth Roos – keyboards (1992–1994)
 * P.A. Danielsson – keyboards (1994–1995; died 2004)

 * Current touring members
 * Rikard Zander – keyboards (2014–2016, 2017-present)
 * Gustaf Hielm – bass (2016-present)
 * Magnus Henriksson – guitars (2017–2018, 2022-present)
 * Simon Johansson – guitars (2022-present)

 * Former touring members
 * Nicke Andersson – drums (1989)
 * Martin Brändström – keyboards (2002–2009)
 * Henrik Bergqvist – guitars (2002)
 * Fredrik Åkesson – guitars (2004)
 * Henriette Bordvik – female vocals (2005, 2015, 2016, 2017)
 * Martin Powell – keyboards (2006–2007)
 * Johan Niemann – guitars (2008)
 * Joakim Svalberg – keyboards (2011–2012)
 * Thomas Wyreson – guitars (2016, 2017–?)
 * Carl Westholm – keyboards (2016, 2017–?)
 * Daniel Karlsson – keyboards (2017)
 * Jonas Öijvall – keyboards (2018–?)
 * Per Wiberg – keyboards (2018–?)

 * Timeline

title: Tiamat (band)


text:
User talk:TimBovee

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Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 21:17, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

hey, thanks
I see you've been around at least once recently. If you get this message I just want to thank you for starting the article on the Metropolitan Community Church. =) — coe l acan — 08:59, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:TimBovee


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