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Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg

Pavlovsk (Па́вловск "[the town] of Pavel" after Emperor Pavel (Paul) of Russia) is a municipal town in Pushkinsky District in the suburban part of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia, located 30 km south from St. Petersburg proper and about 4 km southeast from Pushkin. Population: Known since the late 18th century, when Saint Petersburg was the capital of Russian Empire, as a countryside residence of Russian royal family commissioned creation of the town's landmark -palace with a large park, now parts of its federal museum reserve.

The town developed around the Pavlovsk Palace, a major residence of the Russian imperial family. Between 1918 and 1944, its official name was Slutsk, after the revolutionary Vera Slutskaya, and then was changed back to Pavlovsk. Pavlovsk is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments".

Fortress

A wooden fortress was built by Russians on the place of Pavlovsk and was known from at least 13th century as part of an Administrative division of Novgorod Land. The fortress and the entire region were later captured by the Swedes. On 13 August 1702, the Russian army led by Peter the Great and Fyodor Apraksin met Swedes at the Izhora River and pushed them to the fortress. For several days, the Swedish Army was reinforcing their positions but were expelled upon a surprise frontal attack.

Paul I, an avid fan of the military, had long dreamed of building a stone fortress on the ruins of the Swedish forts. After he became an emperor, in 1796, he hired the Italian architect Vincenzo Brenna and raised money for the project. By 1798 Brenna raised a Gothic folly, Bip fortress, which fascinated Paul so much that he listed it on the Army register of real fortresses. After the death of Catherine, Paul and Brenna expanded the Pavlovsk estate with real military barracks, officers' quarters and a hospital.

Imperial residence
Catherine the Great liked the nature in Pavlovsk area and frequently visited it for hunting trips. In December 1777, she assigned to her son, Paul I, 362 desyatinas (977 acres; 395 ha) of land along the Slavyanka River, together with forests, arable land and two small villages with peasants. This was a present to Paul and his wife Maria Feodorovna on the occasion of the birth of their first son, the future Emperor Alexander I of Russia. This date is considered the founding date of the Pavlovskoye village (the name Pavlovsk derives from Paul's name in Russian, Pavel). Catherine commissioned the Scottish architect Charles Cameron, who had previously done much work for her in the nearby Tsarskoye Selo, to design a palace and a park in Pavlovskoye.

Between 1782 and 1786 Cameron built the original palace core that survives to date, the Temple of Friendship, Private Gardens, Aviary, Apollo Colonnade and the Lime Avenue. He also planned the original landscape including the huge English park with numerous temples, colonnades, bridges, and statues. The Temple of Friendship was the first building in Pavlovsk, followed by the main palace. However, Cameron's Pavlovsk was far from Paul's vision of what an imperial residence should be: it lacked moats, forts and all other military assortments so dear to Paul; "Cameron created a markedly private world for the Grand Duke. The palace could have belonged to anyone. not to the tsar of Russia in waiting." Constrained financially, Paul and Maria closely watched Cameron's progress and regularly curbed his far-reaching, expensive plans. Between 1786 and 1789 Cameron's duties in Pavlovsk passed to Brenna.

Paul personally hired Brenna, then employed by Stanisław Kostka Potocki, in 1782, and used him in 1783–1785 to visualize his architectural fantasies. Brenna left Cameron's palace core intact, extending it with side wings; although he remodeled the interiors, they bear traces of Cameron's style to date. However, Maria's private suite and the militaria displayed in public halls are attributed to Brenna alone.

In 1794, the population of Pavlovskoye counted 300 people, mostly peasants and palace servants. There was a stone church, a free public school for peasants and three hospitals: regular, military and for invalids. Later, an agriculture school and the first in Russia school for the deaf were established in Pavlovskoye. Between 1807 and 1810, the school for the deaf was located in the Bip fortress. Later, a military regiment was stationed and practiced there. Theatrical performances were regularly staged first in the palace and since 1794 in the theater built nearby by Brenna.

Pavel favored as his residence Gatchina to Pavlovskoye, and therefore, since 1788 the latter was managed by his wife who had contributed most to its well-being. Maria Feodorovna enjoyed animal husbandry (she used to milk cows herself) and thus built a large farm at the edge of the park and a wooden pavilion for studies. She was also a skilled artist, a member of Berlin Academy of Arts, and her numerous handicrafts still remain in the palace. A large collection of books was accumulated in the palace by her efforts. In 1796, the village received a status of a town and renamed to Pavlovsk.

After Paul I

After Paul's death in 1801 the palace was proclaimed a residence of his widow, Maria Feodorovna. During that time, it was frequently visited by famous poets and novelists including Sergey Glinka, Nikolay Karamzin and Ivan Krylov. Vasily Zhukovsky was a regular reader for Maria Feodorovna and the teacher of Russian language and literature for Princess Charlotte of Württemberg, the wife of Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia who inherited Pavlovsk after the death of Maria Feodorovna in 1828. Michael Pavlovich spent his childhood in Pavlovsk, and then cared much about the city. Being a military person, he mostly improved well-being of the military corps staged near Pavlovsk and built barracks, riding stables, forge and workshops. But he also improved the roads of Pavlovsk, donated significant amounts to the church and established an orphanage and a school for middle-class children.

In the 19th century, Pavlovsk became a favorite summer retreat for well-to-do inhabitants of the Russian capital. The life of Pavlovsk's dachniki was described by Dostoyevsky, who frequently visited the town, in his novel The Idiot. To facilitate transportation, the first railway in Russia, the Tsarskoe Selo Railways, was built around 1836. The first test runs were performed between Pavlovsk and Tsarskoye Selo using carriages horse-drawn over the rails. Regular trains powered by steam locomotives began operating between Pavlovsk and St. Petersburg from May 1838. Aiming to promote the railways, the train terminal of Pavlovsk was built in 1836–1838 as an entertaining center. It then regularly hosted evening festivities, and Johann Strauss II (1856), Franz Liszt, Robert Schumann and Feodor Chaliapin were among the celebrities who performed there. The station was called 'Vauxhall Pavilion', and its fame eventually caused the modified from Vauxhall word "Vokzal" to enter the Russian language, with the meaning "substantial railway station building".

Michael Pavlovich died in 1849 leaving no heir, and thus Pavlovsk became property of a son of Nicholas I, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia. Konstantin Nikolayevich established in 1872 an art gallery and a museum in the palace and opened them for public access. He also promoted construction in 1876 of a laboratory dedicated to meteorology and study of magnetic fields on the outskirts of the park. Pavlovsk became a popular residence and by 1874 had 323 summer cottages. The celebrities living here included Alexander Brullov, Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg and Vladimir Sollogub.

Birthplace of Russian Scouting
On April 30, 1909 a young officer, Colonel Oleg Pantyukhov, organized the first Russian Scout troop Beaver (Бобр, Bobr) in Pavlovsk. In 1910, General Baden-Powell, the founder of the Scout Movement, visited Nicholas II in Tsarskoye Selo. They had a pleasant conversation, and a Scouting badge was issued to Tsarevich Alexei. In 1914, Pantyukhov established a society called Russian Scout (Русский Скаут, Russkiy Skaut). The first Russian Scout campfire was lit in the woods of Pavlovsk Park. After the October Revolution of 1917, and during the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1920, most of the Scoutmasters and many Scouts fought in the ranks of the White Army and interventionists against the Red Army; the Scout movement was therefore regarded negatively in the Soviet Union and disbanded after the war.

Soviet era to present

After the October Revolution of 1917, the Pavlovsk palace and park were nationalized and converted to a public-access museum. In a general motion to replace the Tsar's name, the town was renamed to Slutsk, after revolutionary Vera Slutskaya who died nearby in 1917. Later it was often mentioned in the documents under a double name Slutsk (Pavlovsk), and eventually regained the old name in 1944.

Pavlovsk suffered much from the German occupation during World War II (16 September 1941 – 24 January 1944) – the entire water system of the park and about 70,000 trees were destroyed, the palace was severely damaged by the fire of January 1944, and about 40% of exhibitions were stolen or destroyed (the rest was evacuated to Siberia before the arrival of the Germans). The old train station was burned down and rebuilt in the 1950s by A. E. Levinson. The town was liberated as a result of the Krasnoye Selo–Ropsha Offensive. Restoration works started in 1944 and were completed by 1973. Nowadays about 1.5 million tourists visit Pavlovsk annually.

In 1954, Pavlovsk was transferred under the jurisdiction of St. Petersburg. In 1989, it was included into the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites as part of the Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments. In 2003, historical names were returned to dozens of streets of Pavlovsk which had been renamed during the Soviet era.

Geology
The town is located on the Neva Lowland, to the left of the river Neva, in the valley of the Slavyanka River. The landscape is quite varied and contains hills, ridges and terraces intermixed with valleys, plains, forests and farmland. Numerous springs give rise to streams and feed ponds. In the Paleozoic era, 300–400 million years ago, the area was covered by a sea. Sediments of that time form a layer thicker than 200 meters on top of the Baltic Shield consisting of granite, gneiss and diabase. The modern topography was shaped by the glacier retreat some 12,000 years ago which created the Littorina Sea. About 4,000 years ago the sea receded and formed the valley of the Neva River which has not changed much over the last 2,500 years.

Climate
The climate of Pavlovsk is temperate and wet, it has a continental climate. The length of the day varies from 5 hours and 51 minutes in the winter solstice to 18 hours and 50 minutes in the summer solstice. Summer is short and moderately warm, whereas winter is long and uneven, with frequent thaws. Air temperatures above 0 C prevail from early April to mid-November. The coldest month is February. Winds mostly blow southward and frequently change air mass above the city. Summer is dominated by westerly and northwesterly winds, and the wind direction changes to westerly and southwesterly in winter. The cloudiest months are November, December and January, and the least cloudy are May, June and July. There are at least 240 sunny days per year. Between May 25 and July 16, white nights are observed when the sun only briefly goes over the horizon and the day lasts nearly nineteen hours. The area is mostly fed by surface and ground waters.

Soil, vegetation and wildlife

Prior to the founding of the town the area was covered by temperate coniferous forests (mostly pine and fir) with an admixture of broad-leaved trees and fens. The soils were mostly podzol, combined with peat and gleysols. Intensive economic activities changed the original forest landscape to agricultural land with small groves of aspen, birch, alder and willow. In the 18–19th centuries, a large park area of almost 600 hectares (Pavlovsk and Arensky parks) has been created in and around the city.

Owing to the parks and environment-friendly policies, the Pavlovsk area has relatively low level of pollution. In 1978–1983 the Pavlovsk Park contained more than 360,000 trees of 54 species: 16 species of spruce, pine, larch and fir, two species of birch, two species of willow, two of basswood, oaks, elm, alder, aspen, European rowan, bird cherry, 88 shrub species, of which the dominant were yellow acacia, meadowsweet and dogwoods. In 1978, there were 71 species of birds belonging to 28 families and 9 orders. Mammals include squirrels, hares, weasels, stoats, moles, shrews, hedgehogs, red voles and muskrats. In winter, the parks are sometimes visited by fox, wild boar and moose. Amphibians and reptiles are mostly frogs, toads and lizards. There are 87 species of insects belonging to 46 families.

As most rivers of Saint Petersburg, the Slavyanka River is polluted. Water analysis performed by Greenpeace in 2008 reveals contamination levels exceeding the permissible norms by tens or hundreds times, with such chemicals as oil, lead, acetone, mercury, chloroform and others. Most pollution originates from household waste deposited by 16 companies.

Population
As of the 2010 Census, 16,087 people lived in Pavlovsk of which 45.3% were males and 54.7% females.

Politics
On 3 June 1797, the City Council was established, headed by the chief administrator. It controlled the entire life of Pavlovsk.

The modern structure of local government bodies consists of:
 * the representative body of the municipal formation - the Municipal Council. Operating since 1997. As a result of the elections on 14 September 2014, a new composition of the 5th convocation was elected. Of the 10 deputies, 8 are from United Russia, 2 are self-nominated. (one self-nominated candidate later resigned).
 * The head of the municipal entity. Exercises the powers of the chairman of the Municipal Council and is the highest official of the municipal entity.
 * The executive and administrative body of the municipality is the Local Administration.

The head of the municipality of the city of Pavlovsk is Valery Viktorovich Zibarev.

The head of the local administration of the city of Pavlovsk is Mikhail Yuryevich Syzrantsev.

Coat of arms
The first coat of arms of Pavlovsk was approved by Alexander I in 1801. It features a black double-headed eagle with a white Maltese cross on its chest and the Order of St. Andrew hanging on a chain under it. On top of the cross there is a red shield with a monogram combining Russian italic letters П and М standing for Emperor Paul and Empress Maria. The eagle has gilded beaks and paws. It holds a ceremonial mace and globus cruciger in the paws; it is crowned with two golden crowns with two more crowns near its heads. The whole composition is placed on a golden shield. There was a proposal of an alternative coat during the Soviet times, but it was not approved. The updated coat of arms was adopted on 19 September 2007. It has the same composition but with slightly simplified shapes and colors. The modern flag of Pavlovsk was adopted on the same day. It contains the coat image on a yellow rectangle with the length to width ratio of 3:2.

Cityscape

The center of the town is Pavlovsk Palace consisting of main body and wings connected with it by galleries. In front of the palace, welcoming the visitors stands bronze monument of Paul. It is an 1872 copy of the original cast by Giovanni Vitali. North to it lies Pavlovsk Park which covers 2/3 of the town area. With the area of about 600 hectares, the park is one of the largest in Russia and Europe. Seven parts are distinguished within the park. There are numerous pavilions, and one part contains a collection of bronze statues. The Bip fortress, a favorite of young Paul I, was burned down during World War II and only its walls remained; it was restored by 2010.

Before 1917 there was no separation between the imperial residence and the town, and both belonged to one owner. Along the southern and western borders of the park run the main street, which is now called Sadovaya Street, and its previous names were Fyodorovskaya (before 1783), Tsarskoselskaya (1783–1919) and Revolyutsii (Soviet time). On the west, this street leads to the train terminal and then to Pushkin. The western border of the town is the railway St. Petersburg – Vitebsk.

There are several churches near the palace, the oldest being Maria Magdalena Church and Church of Peter and Paul (built in 1799 by Brenna). The former was raised in 1781–1784 by Giacomo Quarenghi and is the first classical stone building in Pavlovsk. More prominent however is the Cathedral of St. Nicholas in honor of Paul I, an active Orthodox church built in 1900–1904 by Alexander von Hohen in the Russian Revival style.

Notable residents

 * Paul I of Russia – Emperor of Russia and owner of Pavlovsk between 1796 and 1801.
 * Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia (1858–1915) – grandson of Nicholas I of Russia, a poet and playwright, President of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, owner of Pavlovsk between 1882 and 1915. Died in Pavlovsk.
 * Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia (1827–1882) – son of Nicholas I of Russia, admiral of the Russian fleet and reformer of the Russian Navy, owner of Pavlovsk between 1849 and 1882. Died in Pavlovsk.
 * Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia (1798–1849) – son of Paul I of Russia and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg. Owner of Pavlovsk between 1828 and 1849.
 * Prince John Constantinovich of Russia (1886–1918) – son of Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia and owner of Pavlovsk between 1915 and 1918. Born in Pavlovsk.
 * Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1819–1876) – daughter of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, sister of Alexander II and wife of Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg. She was an art collector and President of the Imperial Academy of Arts of Saint Petersburg. Born in Pavlovsk.
 * Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg) (1759–1828) – the second wife of Tsar Paul I of Russia and mother of Tsar Alexander I and Tsar Nicholas I of Russia. Owner of Pavlovsk between 1788 and 1828. Died in Pavlovsk.
 * Olga Constantinovna of Russia (1851–1926) – queen consort of King George I of Greece and briefly in 1920, queen regent of Greece. The great-grandmother of Queen Sofia of Spain, the paternal grandmother of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and the great-grandmother of Charles III. Born in Pavlovsk.
 * Georg von Cancrin (1774–1845) – writer and statesman, General and Minister of Finances, died in Pavlovsk.
 * Eugene Lanceray (1875–1946) – Russian graphic artist, painter, sculptor, mosaicist, and illustrator, born in Pavlovsk.
 * Aleksandr Nikitenko (1804–1877) – literature critic and historian, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Died in Pavlovsk.
 * Leonid Yanush (1897–1978) – a painter who lived in Pavlovsk between 1912 and 1927.

title: Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg


text: User talk:69.104.129.233

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.104.129.233


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Blue Coat School, Oldham

I can't see anything significant about this school. Dmn / Դմն 19:14, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete Dmn / Դմն 19:14, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * We seem to have admitted that we'll have a page for every High School and this is one. It's moderately historic but the article is a gross abuse of bandwidth. WP:Cleanup then see if what's left survives WP:VFD. Cutler 21:52, Aug 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, obviously there are factual inaccuracies, but it is a notable secondary school. Perhaps put this version on Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense and create a serious page, afterwards. There is clearly a load of intelligent humour here, probably from students of the school. Whilst it is most definitely wrong to have this on the encyclopaedia; bad jokes would surely be a fitting end to some artistic self expression. Also, if we don't save it, I can see these students(?) doing the same thing again. SimonMayer 22:54, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * what a lot of work this page has had put into it. Alas, the really interesting stuff, which would be the basis for a proper article (the history, as it looks like quite an old school) is very sparse. Agree with SimonMayer's suggestion. --Ianb 23:13, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, I agree with SimonMayer. Ele 00:46, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Joke. Preserve on BJAODN and have a rewrite from nearly blank.  A lot of work, fools the casual eye. Geogre 01:57, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Cleanup and Keep. Lacrimosus 02:30, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Schools are inherently notable for anyone researching educational facilities. Article needs cleanup though. Davodd 20:19, Aug 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, not notable. -Sean Curtin 21:51, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Clean up then keep. And then ban the vandals.  The page was fine before the sabotages. -- ~
 * This page has turned into one giant ugly-ass school vanity article. I took an axe to it in the hope of chopping out some dead wood, including the blatant irrelevant copyvio of the area map. Give cleanup a shot at it, but if it's still garbage by the time they're sick of it, delete without regret. -- Cyrius|✎ 04:06, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Cleanup. Neutrality 02:58, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Cleanup. If noone else does this, I'll have a shot at it. Being related to a member of staff of the school gives me a shot at doing some fact-finding. RDevz 22:07, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)


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User talk:Slav~enwiki

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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&#Добродошао, и надам се да ће&#ш и да останеш :) Nikola 04:35, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

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Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Slav. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Slav~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

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title: User talk:Slav~enwiki


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Talk:Museum of the Game

Video Games?
I don't think this is the right term. I think its Arcade games because all the games listed are arcade games and they definitely don't compare with the list provided by most websites and reputable magazines such as Electronic Gaming Monthly. Last I recall, Metroid and Zelda and Metal Gear Solid was on EGM's list. Hmmm Lame list with old timers games.

Sean, August 10, 2004

 * True, true, but we didn't name the website. This article is about their website, not about what they should've named it.  From the article:

 * Though it has "videogame" in its name, the title is a bit of a misnomer. The KLOV only lists arcade machines. The site of Moby Games, however, does catalog video and computer games.

 * HTH :-)  — Frecklefoot | Talk 19:22, Aug 10, 2004 (UTC)

But I could swear it covered ports too, when you search for ninja turtles, you find both the original and sequel arcade games, and their ports to NES and Genesis/SNES respectively --209.23.129.74

 * I'm not sure what you're referring to. Do you mean the KLOV or MobyGames?  I searched on the KLOV for "ninja turtles" and only came up with all the arcade games and its sequels.  The list didn't show any console games. MobyGames, however, would have all the console ports.   — Frecklefoot | Talk 15:36, September 2, 2005 (UTC)

"Videogames" is evil
Am I the only one bugged by them spelling video games as one word? It's just so annoying. I wish I could move this article but the site it's based on spells it incorrectly as well. TJ Spyke 06:11, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Since the website spells it this way, it doesn't really bother me. :-) — Frecklefoot | Talk 19:14, 17 July 2006 (UTC)

 * it is completely irrational to be annoyed by this. see also: prescriptive linguistics -anon —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.137.192.69 (talk) 03:58, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

Videogames vs. video games is a long debate, and has been discussed both on the KLOV message forums and throughout the web itself. There isn't a perfect answer, though 'videogame' as one word seems to be gaining traction. See the web page for the published book, The Videogame Style Guide, at http://www.gamestyleguide.com/ Mclemore (talk) 23:43, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

Some changes
I made a couple of changes here. In the history section, there were some passages that sounded like a PR-text. I kicked them out and left only the parts that actually stated facts. On the other hand, I removed the portion in the introduction where it says the site name is a misnomer. Just stating that it has videogames in the title but lists only arcade games is enough and more NPOV. Finally I removed the external links section. Since the whole article is about the site, it is already linked in the top right box, and a seperate link to the top 100 doesn't make a lot of sense. --84.112.30.185 19:16, 9 August 2007 (UTC)

Negative POV
Most of the history section is incredibly negative; it sounds like the author was dismissed or at leat not given the desired attention by regulars on the site and is trying to make the owners of the site seem incompetent. 162.136.193.1 (talk) 21:35, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm not seeing it. It says nothing about fraud or dusty web pages or bad karma, quite even handed, by my lights. - Denimadept (talk) 21:47, 23 July 2009 (UTC)

There were a *lot* of negative and factually incorrect comments posted primarily by a single anonymous user at a single IP address back in 2008 which were removed today. From the text written, i suspect it is a known specific person (or one of his friends) who wanted to take over the KLOV back in 2000 and was denied. This morning I received a complaint from someone that had noticed the errors and tone, had tried to fix them, and had seen their edits reverse. I then logged on and fixed the worst of it myself. Disclaimer: I'm in a position to both know the facts and to have opinions, as I've administered the KLOV for almost a decade. I'm working to keep my edits factually neutral. To backup the accuracy of the edits, I'm about to post some additional facts, including some early KLOV history back to the 1980s which I've just spent the last two hours collecting. So if there are any errors in my edits I hope they are only in the length of additions.Mclemore (talk) 23:47, 30 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Perhaps I didn't see it because I contributed to the KLOV before it was taken over. I've seen. - Denimadept (talk) 01:30, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

Comments wrt expansion

 * 1) This page isn't for advertising your companies.
 * 2) How much of this is cited?  How much can be?
 * 3) There's waaaay more detail than is appropriate.  Right now, the "history" section is a list.  It should be redone as prose.
 * 4) Some of what you have to say seems to be first-person.  nonono.  - Denimadept (talk) 01:40, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

 * 1) None of it was intended to be 'advertising'.  The content before was full of factual errors so it was an intent to fix all that.
 * 2) I am happy to add citations when possible.  Some of it can be.  Dates via whois records, names from 1991-1993 from old usenet postings, etc.
 * 3) I'll relook at it.  If you mean the bolded years when you say list they can be removed but I thought it adds clarity.
 * 4) First-person?  That wasn't my intent.  I'll reread and fix as necessary.  Actually, I see you just fixed some of it yourself.  Ok. Mclemore (talk) 02:20, 31 July 2009 (UTC)

Current Status
The history section ends in 2009, which seems to have been a major year for the site - from what I remember there was a dispute over the domain name. As the external links make clear there now appear to be two organisations (the International Arcade Museum and the Vintage Arcade Preservation Society), neither of which call themselves KLOV or use the KLOV.com domain. Neither of them push the KLOV name either, which seems to have been left to wither and die. The Couldn't this article be moved to International Arcade Museum, with a short line explaining that the Killer List of Videogames is a small part of a larger effort? -Ashley Pomeroy (talk) 22:53, 2 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Museum of the Game


text:
Pit Bull (TV series)

Pit Bull was a debate show that aired live every Saturday on Speed during the 2004 NASCAR season. The show took place outside of every venue of the NASCAR Cup Series. Host Steve Byrnes moderated debates involving a four-person panel of sportswriters whose columns are mostly about racing. The three primary panelists were Mike Mulhern of the Winston-Salem Journal, David Poole of The Charlotte Observer, and Marty Smith of NASCAR.com. The fourth panelist usually rotated between writers like Ben Blake, Lee Spencer of The Sporting News, and Speed Channel website writer Robin Miller. The panelists eventually became known as the "Pit Hogs."

Format
Each week, the panel debated hot topics from the NASCAR world. At the end of the show, the four panelists got time to state their "beef" with an issue in NASCAR. It could've been a topic not yet touched on, a past issue, or a current issue. A live audience watched the show up-close each week. Each episode was a half-hour long.

Criticism
The show drew ire from NASCAR officials and drivers for its panelists' consistently questioning a NASCAR ruling or such. Then, one night, on another SPEED program, NASCAR Inside Nextel Cup, NASCAR driver Jimmy Spencer, a panelist on that night's episode, slammed Pit Bull as being "anti-NASCAR." Many Pit Bull fans jokingly claimed that since they agreed with most of what was being questioned of NASCAR by the panel (and most of the time, it was Mulhern and Blake doing the questioning) that they were "anti-NASCAR", even though they were NASCAR fans.

Pit Bull debuted in February 2004, but on November 23, 2004, it was announced by SPEED that low ratings would keep the show from returning in 2005. Many Pit Bull viewers were upset by the announcement, accusing NASCAR of having a say in the show's cancellation because of its ability to question them. However, another similar NASCAR-related debate show debuted in 2006, named Tradin' Paint, featuring NASCAR drivers like Kyle Petty as panelists debating NASCAR issues in a similar fashion. Tradin' Paint would run until the 2009 NASCAR season.

title: Pit Bull (TV series)


text:
Talk:Únětice culture

Untitled
What evidence is there for trade with Mycenaea? --Yak 19:17, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Hi Yak. Weren't some of their swords found in Mycenaean shaft graves, possibly by Schliemann? The presence of the amber trade route and the Mycenaeans' thirst for quality metal made me think it was correct. My memory is hazy however and the only source I can find (outside of a dodgy Aryran website) is my increasingly outdated Dictionary of Archaeology. adamsan 20:32, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Shaft Graves: Circle A at Mycenae is normally dated 1600-1500 B.C., Circle B 1650-1550 B.C., some have it as 1600-1500 B.C – that is later than Unetice.
 * The Graves do include Baltic amber, but they are contemporary with the early tumulus period (Wietenberg, Otomani, Vatin, Vatya, Mad'arovce etc.) Cultural Influences – and the gold - point to Roumania, not the West. Swords: Minoan or Levantine. Took me a while to clarify, there's an odd mixture of arguments based on pre-14C and uncalibrated 14C-dates. --Yak 22:10, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Nice work Yak adamsan 08:04, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Pronunciation
How is Únêtice pronounced?-Rychach 18:39, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

Origins
Currently there is nothing said about the hypotheses concerning the origins and linguistic composition of the Únětice people, just as is done in the article on the Beaker people. In this site, I encountered the view that they were a Proto-Celtic people, a view that may be based on evidence, but this specific source is unreferenced. Is anyone here able to provide scholarly sources on this matter and incorporate it in the article? Omnipedian (talk) 13:39, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

Aunjetitz
Dear Yopie, you do not need me to prove, just go to Google and Google Books and enter "Aunjetitz culture", select preferences Only English Results, you will get all the references you need. The need to redirect to Unetice culture already demonstrates a need for explication. The book that brought my attention was published in 2010, by Oxbow Books, Oxford, in English. Barefact (talk) 09:57, 9 August 2011 (UTC)

Move to Únětice culture?
Is there any reason this article shouldn't be at Únětice culture, with a redirect back from Unetice culture? (It's spelled as "Únětice culture" in at least some English-language sources, e.g. Aldona Bieniek and Petr Pokorný (2005) "A new find of macrofossils of feather grass (Stipa) in an Early Bronze Age storage pit at Vliněves, Czech Republic" in Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 14:4.) Q·L·1968 ☿ 19:38, 6 May 2014 (UTC)

Is link to Brezno correct?
Hello, I think the right archeological location ment in the text is Březno (Postoloprty) - has no English wikipage yet. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.225.72.100 (talk) 15:07, 20 March 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 14:51, 23 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Central Europe Reinecke BA1.png

title: Talk:Únětice culture


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Michael Johnson (teacher)

Insignificant teacher in a hoax tv programme. Dmn / Դմն 19:19, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. Dmn / Դմն 19:19, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not worth an article. [[User:Mike Storm|Mike ∞ Storm]] 20:14, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Geogre 01:59, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Lacrimosus 02:27, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete nonsense. -- Cyrius|✎ 04:06, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
William Van Mildert

William Van Mildert (6 November 1765 – 21 February 1836) was the bishop of Durham (1826–1836), and the last to rule the county palatine of Durham. He was also one of the founders of the University of Durham, where he is commemorated in the names of Van Mildert College, founded in 1965, and the Van Mildert Professor of Divinity.

Life
He was the son of Cornelius van Mildert, a gin distiller, and his wife Martha née Hill. Cornelius Van Mildert was the great-grandson of an Amsterdam merchant who migrated to London around 1670, Martha the daughter of William Hill of Vauxhall, Surrey, merchant and financier. William van Mildert was educated at St Saviour's Grammar School and Merchant Taylors' School. He matriculated at the Queen's College, Oxford in 1784, graduating B.A. 1787, M.A. 1790, B.D. & D.D. 1813. He delivered the Boyle Lectures in 1804 and the Bampton Lectures in 1814, and was Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford and a canon of Christ Church, Oxford from 1813 to 1820.

Loosely attached to the high church party, he was appointed Bishop of Llandaff from 1819 to 1826, a post which he held in commendam with the Deanery of St Paul's between 1820 and 1826, when he was translated to Durham. Prior to this, he was in 1790 the curate of Witham, Essex, where he met Jane (1760-1837), daughter of General Douglas, whom he married in 1795. He became rector of the church of St. Mary-le-Bow in London in 1796. Van Mildert is often described as a 'stormy petrel' on account of his outspoken expression of his views. As Bishop of Llandaff he broke with the practice of his predecessors and actually resided in the diocese. As the bishop's palace had fallen to ruin, he rented Coldbrook House near Abergavenny. During his time in Llandaff, he gained a reputation as "a conscientious diocesan".

As part of the University of Durham's foundation, behind which he was the driving force, he gave Durham Castle to the university, where it became the home of University College. Auckland Castle therefore became the sole residence of the Bishop of Durham. In addition, he donated a large number of buildings on Palace Green, between the Castle and the Cathedral. These are currently in use by various departments of the university (principally law, music and a small portion of the University Library).

In 1833, he gave 5 acres of land and a lot previously used as a burial pit during the 1831 Cholera Outbreak to the town of Stockton. Using funds allocated during the Commissioners' church Act of 1818, he ordered the construction of the gothic style Holy Trinity Church. This site is now in ruin, and is a Grade II* listed building in the park of Trinity Green. Van Mildert had a substantial library, sold at auction by Wheatley in London on 15 June 1836 (and nine following days), comprising 2138 lots; a copy of the catalogue is held at Cambridge University Library (shelfmark Munby.c.153(11)).

Van Mildert was the last Bishop of Durham with significant temporal powers. Those de jure vestiges of feudal jurisprudence were removed and returned to the Crown after his death in 1836 by the Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836.

In truth, most of the secular power of the bishop of Durham had already been removed by that time. The Great Reform Act 1832 saw the removal of most of the bishop's powers — although he maintained a seat in the House of Lords — and the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 had given the governing power of the town of Durham to an elected body.

Works

 * An Inquiry Into the General Principles of Scripture Interpretation
 * One plain Argument to prove that Christianity could not be of human invention. Extracted from the “Boyle's Lectures” of the Bishop of Durham, 1831

title: William Van Mildert


text:
The Idiot (TV series)

The Idiot (Идиот) is a costume drama TV series of Vladimir Bortko produced by Telekanal Rossiya in 2003 and in United States on ABC in 2004, based on Fyodor Dostoevsky's 1869 novel of the same title.

Cast

 * Evgeny Mironov — Prince Myshkin
 * Lidiya Velezheva — Nastasya Filippovna
 * Vladimir Mashkov — Parfyon Rogozhin
 * Aleksandr Lazarev Jr. — Gavrilya Ardalionovich Ivolgin
 * Oleg Basilashvili — General Ivan Yepanchin
 * Inna Churikova —Elizaveta Prokofieevna Yepanchina, General Yepanchin's wife
 * Olga Budina — Aglaya Ivanovna Yepanchina, their youngest daughter
 * Aleksandr Domogarov — Evgeny Pavlovich (Aglaya's suitor)
 * Aleksey Petrenko — general Ardalion Ivolgin, Ganya's father
 * Vladimir Ilyin — Lebedev

title: The Idiot (TV series)


text:
L-attributed grammar

L-attributed grammars are a special type of attribute grammars. They allow the attributes to be evaluated in one depth-first left-to-right traversal of the abstract syntax tree. As a result, attribute evaluation in L-attributed grammars can be incorporated conveniently in top-down parsing.

A syntax-directed definition is L-attributed if each inherited attribute of $$X_j$$ on the right side of $$A \rightarrow X_1, X_2, \dots, X_n $$ depends only on

 * 1) the attributes of the symbols $$X_1, X_2, \dots, X_{j-1}$$
 * 2) the inherited attributes of $$A$$ (but not its synthesized attributes)

Every S-attributed syntax-directed definition is also L-attributed.

Implementing L-attributed definitions in Bottom-Up parsers requires rewriting L-attributed definitions into translation schemes.

Many programming languages are L-attributed. Special types of compilers, the narrow compilers, are based on some form of L-attributed grammar. These are a strict superset of S-attributed grammars. Used for code synthesis.

Either "inherited attributes" or "synthesized attributes" associated with the occurrence of symbol $$X_1,X_2, \dots, X_n$$.

title: L-attributed grammar


text:
Muscat (grape)

The Muscat family of grapes includes over 200 grape varieties belonging to the Vitis vinifera species that have been used in wine production and as raisin and table grapes around the globe for many centuries. Their colors range from white (such as Muscat Ottonel), to yellow (Moscato Giallo), to pink (Moscato Rosa del Trentino) to near black (Muscat Hamburg). Muscat grapes and wines almost always have a pronounced floral aroma. The breadth and number of varieties of Muscat suggest that it is perhaps the oldest domesticated grape variety, and there are theories that most families within the Vitis vinifera grape variety are descended from the Muscat variety.

Among the most notable members of the Muscat family are Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains, which is the primary grape variety used in the production of the Italian sparkling wine Asti (also known as Moscato d'Asti) made in the Piedmont region. It is also used in the production of many of the French fortified wines known as vin doux naturels. In Australia, this is also the main grape used in the production of Liqueur Muscat, from the Victorian wine region of Rutherglen. Young, unaged and unfortified examples of Muscat blanc tend to exhibit the characteristic Muscat "grapey" aroma as well as citrus, rose and peach notes. Fortified and aged examples (particularly those that have been barrel aged) tend to be very dark in color due to oxidation with aroma notes of coffee, fruit cake, raisins and toffee.

Muscat of Alexandria is another Muscat variety commonly used in the production of French vin doux naturel, but it is also found in Spain, where it is used to make many of the fortified Spanish Moscatels. Elsewhere it is used to make off-dry to sweet white wines, often labeled as Moscato in Australia, California and South Africa. In Alsace and parts of Central Europe, Muscat Ottonel is used to produce usually dry and highly perfumed wines.

History
Theories about the origins of Muscat grapes date ancestors of the varieties back to the ancient Egyptians and Persians of early antiquity (c. 3000–1000 BC) while some ampelographers, such as Pierre Galet, believe that the family of Muscat varieties were propagated during the period of classical antiquity (c. 800 BC to 600 AD) by the Greeks and Romans. However, while domestic wine production had a long history in ancient Egypt and Persia and classical writers such as Columella and Pliny the Elder did describe very "muscat-like" grape varieties such as Anathelicon Moschaton and Apianae that were very sweet and attractive to bees (Latin apis), there is no solid historical evidence that these early wine grapes were members of the Muscat family.

The first documented mention of grapes called "muscat" was in the works of the English Franciscan scholar Bartholomeus Anglicus who wrote of wine made from Muscat grapes in his work De proprietatibus rerum written between 1230 and 1240 while Anglicus was studying in what is now modern Saxony in Germany. Anglicus' Latin work was translated into French in 1372 with the wine being described by Anglicus as "vin extrait de raisins muscats".

Origins of the name "Muscat"
Because the exact origins of the Muscat family cannot be pinpointed, theories as to the origin of the name "Muscat" are numerous. The most commonly cited is that it is derived from the Persian word muchk. Similar etymology follows the Greek moskos, Latin muscus and French musc. In Italy, the Italian word mosca for fly could also be one possibility with the sweet aroma and high sugar levels of Muscat grapes being a common attractant for insects such as fruit flies.

Other theories suggest that the grape family originated in the Arabian country of Oman and was named after the city of Muscat located on the coast of the Gulf of Oman. Another city that is sometimes suggested as a potential birthplace/namesake is the Greek city of Moschato, located southwest of Athens in Attica with Moschato being a common synonym in Greece for Muscat varieties.

Closely related varieties
Of the more than 200 grape varieties sharing "Muscat" (or one of its synonyms) in their name, the majority are not closely related to each other. The exception are the members of the Muscat blanc à Petits Grains and Muscat of Alexandria families. In the early 21st century, DNA analysis showed that Muscat of Alexandria was, itself, a natural crossing of Muscat blanc à Petits Grains and a black-skinned table grape variety from the Greek islands known as Axina de Tres Bias. Rarely seen outside of Greece, Axina de Tres Bias (also known as "Heftakilo") is also grown in Malta and Sardinia.

Muscat blanc à Petits Grains and Muscat of Alexandria, themselves, have crossed and have produced at least 14 different grape varieties, 5 of which are mostly cultivated in South America and 9 still found in Italy though none are of major use in wine production. More notable and widely planted offspring have come from Muscat blanc à Petits Grains and Muscat of Alexandria crossing with other grape varieties, such as the Argentine wine grapes of Cereza, Torrontés Riojano and Torrontés Sanjuanino, stemming from a cross of Muscat of Alexandria with "Listán negro" (also known as the "Mission grape")

Muscat of Alexandria has also been crossed with the German / Italian wine grape Trollinger (also known as "Schiava Grossa") to produce Muscat of Hamburg and Malvasia del Lazio, and with the Italian wine grapes Catarratto bianco and Bombino bianco to produce the Marsala wine grape Grillo and Moscatello Selvatico, respectively. Muscat Ottonel is the result of a crossing between one Muscat variety, "Muscat d'Eisenstadt" (also known as "Muscat de Saumur"), with the Swiss wine grape Chasselas

Muscat blanc à Petits Grains has been identified as one of the parent grapes of several varieties, though with which crossing partner is currently unknown. These include the Italian wine grapes Aleatico, Moscato Giallo (Yellow Moscato), Moscato rosa del Trentino (Pink Moscato of Trentino) and Moscato di Scanzo. DNA analysis was able to identify the Tuscan wine grape Mammolo as the second parent variety that crossed with Muscat blanc à Petits Grains to produce Muscat rouge de Madère (Red Muscat of Madère).

Characteristic aromas and confusion with other grapes
Despite the vast diversity in the Muscat family, one common trait that can be seen in most all Muscat members is the characteristic floral, "grapey" aroma note that is caused by the high concentration of monoterpenes in the grapes. More than 40 different monoterpenes have been discovered in Muscat grapes (as well as in other aromatic varieties like Riesling and Gewürztraminer); these include citronellol, geraniol, linalool and nerol. This characteristic "musk" aroma can be best observed in light bodied, low alcohol wines such as Moscato Asti which have not had their bouquet heavily influenced by other winemaking techniques like oak aging, autolysis with yeast, malolactic fermentation or fortification.

However, this common "musky" (French: musqué) trait has caused some confusion as varieties that are wholly unrelated to the Muscat family are often erroneously associated with Muscat grapes (often by naming and synonyms) due to their aromatic character. These include the German wine grape Morio Muskat which, despite its name, is not related to the Muscat family and is, instead, a crossing of Silvaner x Pinot blanc. Likewise, the highly aromatic clonal mutation of several wine grape varieties such as Sauvignon blanc, Chasselas and Chardonnay are often suffixed with Musqué which can add confusion to their relationship with the Muscat family. Additionally, the Bordeaux wine grape Muscadelle that is used for both sweet and dry wines is often mistaken for a Muscat variety due to its aromatic qualities. While made from a more aromatically neutral grape, Melon de Bourgogne grape, the Loire wine Muscadet is sometimes mistakenly believed to be made from a member of the Muscat family.

Lastly, the Muscat grape can be confused (in name only; the grapes themselves are quite different) with Vitis rotundifolia, which is commonly known as a "muscadine" grape.

Key varieties
The "Muscat family" is highly populous, with more than 200 distinct members. However, among these many different grapes only a handful of Muscat varieties are widely used in wine production. These include Muscat blanc à Petits Grains, Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat of Hamburg and Muscat Ottonel.

Muscat blanc à Petits Grains
Muscat blanc à Petits Grains is known by many names worldwide, including Muscat Blanc (white Muscat) in France and the United States), Muscat Canelli in the United States, Moscato Bianco (white Moscato) in Italy, Muscat Frontignan in South Africa, Moschato in Greece, Brown Muscat in Australia, Muskateller in Germany and Austria, Muscat de Grano Menudo in Spain, and Muscat de Frontignan and Muscat Lunel in France. While the "petits grains" in the grape's name accurately describes the small, round berries of the vine, some wine experts, such as Oz Clarke, believe that the term "Muscat blanc" is misleading, since the grapevine is notorious for its frequent color mutations siring clusters of berries in nearly every shade possible though most commonly the grape berries are a deep yellow after veraison. In some vineyards, vines of Muscat blanc à Petits Grains are known to produce clusters of berries of different colors that change every vintage.

The precise origins of Muscat blanc à Petits Grains are not known, though Greece and Italy can both make compelling cases due to the proliferation of clones, mutations and offspring. Today, the grape is found throughout the wine-producing world, making a wide range of wine, from light, sweet sparkling and semi-sparkling Asti and Moscato d'Asti wine in the Piedmont wine region of Italy and Clairette de Die region of France, fortified vin doux naturels (VdN) in southern France in AOC regions such as Muscat de Beaume de Venise, Muscat de Saint-Jean de Minervois and Muscat de Frontignan, fortified Liqueur Muscat in the Rutherglen wine region in Australia, to dry wines in the Wachau wine of Austria and Südsteiermark.

Nearly all the most notable sweet Muscats of Greece, particularly those from the island of Samos and the city of Patras on the Peloponnese are made from Muscat blanc à Petits Grains. In the history of South African wine, the famous dessert wine of Constantia was made from this variety of Muscat and while today Muscat of Alexandria is more widely planted in South Africa, producers around Constantia are trying to reclaim some of the region's viticultural acclaim by replanting more Muscat blanc à Petits Grains and making wines in the style of the original Constantia.

Muscat of Alexandria
While the grape's name harkens to the city of Alexandria and suggest an ancient Egyptian origin, DNA analysis has shown that Muscat of Alexandria is the result of a natural crossing between Muscat blanc à Petits Grains and the Greek wine grape Axina de Tres Bias. Though as Axina de Tres Bias has also been historically grown in Sardinia and Malta, the precise location and origins of Muscat of Alexandria cannot be determined. Compared to Muscat blanc à Petits Grains, Muscat of Alexandria tends to produce large, moderately loose clusters of large oval-shaped berries that are distinctive from the much smaller, round berries of Muscat blanc à Petits Grains.

Like most Muscat varieties, Muscat of Alexandria is notable for being a desirable raisin and table grape. This is due in part to the grape's high tolerance of heat and drought conditions. While it is used in wine production (most notably on the island of Pantelleria between Sicily and Tunisia, where it makes a passito style dessert wine under the name of "Zibibbo"), the grape lags far behind the reputation of Muscat blanc à Petits Grains. This is partly because Muscat of Alexandria is very vigorous and prone to produce high yields that can be easily overcropped as well as a more assertive aroma profile due to a higher concentration of the monoterpene geraniol, which produces a geranium scent, and lower concentration of nerol with a more fresh, sweet rose aroma.

In France, Muscat of Alexandria is most prominent as a blending component (with Muscat blanc à Petits Grains) in the VdN wines of Muscat de Rivesaltes AOC in the Roussillon wine region. The grape is the primary Muscat variety in Spain, where it is known as Moscatel, though the majority of the country's plantings are used for table grapes and raisins, rather than for wine production. Likewise, in Chile, and Peru most of the Moscatel in both countries is used to produce the distilled drink "pisco".

In South Africa, Muscat of Alexandria is known as "Hanepoot" and was the fourth-most widely planted white wine grape variety in the country until the early 2000s. While some of the plantings were used for wine production, particularly for fortified wine, many plantings were used for the production of grape concentrate and raisins. In California, there is still more plantings of Muscat of Alexandria than any other Muscat variety, with most of these grapes going into anonymous jug wines from the Central Valley. As in many other places in the world, the grape had a long history of use in the United States as a raisin variety, though in the 1920s, plantings of Muscat of Alexandria began to decline as producers turned to more popular seedless grape varieties.

Muscat of Hamburg
Even though the vast majority of the members of the Muscat family are dark skinned grapes, most of the major varieties used in wine production are white or "pale skinned", with the one significant exception of Muscat of Hamburg, which is also known as Black Muscat. This dark-skinned grape is believed to have originated in the Victorian greenhouses of England, where it was first described in 1858 as being propagated by Seward Snow, gardener to the Earl de Grey. Snow described the grape as a seedling that he created from crossing the Black Hamburg grape (an old synonym of Schiava Grossa) with the White Muscat of Alexandria. In 2003, DNA analysis confirmed that Muscat of Hamburg was, indeed, a crossing of Muscat of Alexandria and Schiava Grossa, which makes the grape a full sibling to the central Italian grape Malvasia del Lazio which has the same parentage.

While Muscat of Hamburg is used mostly as a table grape throughout the world, there are two notable exceptions. The first is in California, where nearly all of the 102 ha of Black Muscat in cultivation in 2009 were destined for wine production, primarily to produce dessert wines. The other exception is in China, where Muscat of Hamburg is often crossed with Vitis amurensis species that are native to the region to produce wine grapes that are better adapted to the climate of various Chinese wine regions.

Muscat Ottonel
Like Muscat of Hamburg, Muscat Ottonel is a relatively recent addition to the Muscat family, being bred in the Loire Valley wine region of France in the 1850s. The grape is a cross of the Swiss wine grape Chasselas and Muscat d'Eisenstadt (also known as Muscat de Saumur). Of all of the major Muscat varieties, Muscat Ottonel has the most pale skin color, and tends to produce the most neutral wines and is also the grape variety that ripens the earliest.

While varieties such as Muscat of Alexandria tend to thrive in very warm Mediterranean climates, Muscat of Ottonel has shown an affinity for ripening in cooler continental climates, and has found a home in many Central European nations, such as Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Romania and many former republic of the Soviet Union, such as Russia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Ukraine. It is also the primary Muscat variety grown in the French region of Alsace, where it is used to produce both dry and off-dry styles. In Austria, it is also the most widely planted Muscat variety, where it is used to produce late-harvest wines around Lake Neusiedl.

Other notable varieties

 * Muscat of Bornova
 * Canada Muscat
 * Early Muscat
 * Golden Muscat
 * Manzoni Moscato
 * Moscatello Selvatico
 * Moscato di Scanzo
 * Moscato di Terracina
 * Moscato Giallo (Yellow Moscato)
 * Moscato rosa del Trentino (Pink Moscato of Trentino)
 * Muscat Bailey A
 * Muscat bleu (Blue Muscat)
 * Muscat d'Eisenstadt
 * Muscat Fleur d'Oranger
 * Muscat Odessky
 * Muscat of Norway
 * Muscat Oliver
 * Muscat Rose à Petits Grains
 * Muscat Rouge à Petits Grains
 * Muscat Swenson
 * Muškát moravský
 * New York Muscat
 * Riesling Muscat

Synonyms
While each individual Muscat variety has its own set of synonyms, the general prefix of "Muscat" has its own unique translation around the globe. In Greece, the grapes are usually known as "Moschato" or "Moschoudia", while in Italy, they are known as "Moscato" or "Moscatello". On the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese and Spanish Muscat grapes are often prefixed as "Moscatel", while in Germany, the grapes are usually known as "Muskat" or "Muskateller". The family of Muscat varieties are known as "Misket" in Bulgaria and Turkey, "Muškat" in Croatia and "Muskotály" in Hungary. In the northern African wine regions of Tunisia, the grapes are often known as "Meski".

title: Muscat (grape)


text: User talk:69.134.89.232

title: User talk:69.134.89.232


text:
Convair X-6

The Convair X-6 was a proposed experimental aircraft project to develop and evaluate a nuclear-powered jet aircraft. The project was to use a Convair B-36 bomber as a testbed aircraft, and though one NB-36H was modified during the early stages of the project, the program was canceled before the actual X-6 and its nuclear reactor engines were completed. The X-6 was part of a larger series of programs, costing US$7 billion in all, that ran from 1946 through 1961. Because such an aircraft's range would not have been limited by liquid jet fuel, it was theorized that nuclear-powered strategic bombers would be able to stay airborne for weeks at a time.

Development and design
In May 1946, the Nuclear Energy for the Propulsion of Aircraft (NEPA) project was started by the Air Force. Studies under this program were done until May 1951 when NEPA was replaced by the Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP) program. The ANP program included plans for Convair to modify two B-36s under the MX-1589 project. One of the B-36s was used to study shielding requirements for an airborne reactor, while the other became the X-6.

Nuclear Test Aircraft
The first modified B-36 was called the Nuclear Test Aircraft (NTA), a B-36H-20-CF (Serial Number 51-5712) that had been damaged in a tornado at Carswell AFB on September 1, 1952. This plane was redesignated the XB-36H, then the NB-36H and was modified to carry a 1 megawatt, air-cooled nuclear reactor in its bomb bay. The reactor, named the Aircraft Shield Test Reactor (ASTR), was operational but did not power the plane. Water, acting as both moderator and coolant, was pumped through the reactor core and then to water-to-air heat exchangers to dissipate the heat to the atmosphere. Its sole purpose was to investigate the effect of radiation on aircraft systems.

To shield the flight crew, the nose section of the aircraft was modified to include a 12-ton lead and rubber shield. The standard windshield was replaced with one made of 6 in acrylic glass. The amount of lead and water shielding was variable. Measurements of the resulting radiation levels were then compared with calculated levels to enhance the ability to design optimal shielding with minimum weight for nuclear-powered bombers.

The NTA completed 47 test flights and 215 hours of flight time (during 89 of which the reactor was operated) between September 17, 1955, and March 1957 over New Mexico and Texas. This was the only known airborne reactor experiment by the U.S. with an operational nuclear reactor on board. The NB-36H was scrapped at Fort Worth in 1958 when the Nuclear Aircraft Program was abandoned. Based on the results of the NTA, the X-6 and the entire nuclear aircraft program was abandoned in 1961.

Development plans
Had the program progressed, follow-on aircraft would have been based on the successor to the B-36, Convair's swept-wing B-60.

The X-6 would have been powered by General Electric X-39 engines (J47 engines modified to use nuclear energy as fuel), utilizing a P-1 reactor. In a nuclear jet engine, the reactor core was used as a heat source for the turbine's air flow, instead of burning jet fuel. One disadvantage of the design was that, since the airflow through the engine was used to cool the reactor, this airflow had to be maintained even after the aircraft had landed and parked. GE built two prototype engines, which can be seen outside the Experimental Breeder Reactor I in Arco, Idaho.

A large, 350 ft wide hangar was built at Test Area North, part of the National Reactor Testing Station (now part of the Idaho National Laboratory; Monteview) to house the X-6 project, but the project was canceled before the planned 15000 ft runway was built, necessitated by the expected weight of the nuclear-powered aircraft.

Soviet program
In the 1960s, the Soviet Union's Tupolev design bureau had its own design for an experimental nuclear-powered aircraft, the Tu-119, which was to be a Tu-95 bomber with two of its conventional turboprops replaced by nuclear-powered turboprops. It was never built. Tupolev did build a nuclear reactor carrying counterpart to the NB-36H, the Tupolev Tu-95LAL.

title: Convair X-6


text:
User talk:Jim127

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

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title: User talk:Jim127


text:
User talk:Barf~enwiki

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Hi, about all these images you're uploading--please include more detailed information on the image summary page (what game, what's going on, etc.) and don't forget to tag them as fair use, using. Best, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 19:40, 2004 Aug 10 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Coreprime.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Coreprime.gif. I notice the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this file yourself, then there needs to be a justification explaining why we have the right to use it on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you did not create the file yourself, then you need to specify where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the file also doesn't have a copyright tag, then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Nv8200p talk 22:49, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:Kroggie BP Core Contingency.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Kroggie BP Core Contingency.jpg. I notice the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this file yourself, then there needs to be a justification explaining why we have the right to use it on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you did not create the file yourself, then you need to specify where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the file also doesn't have a copyright tag, then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Nv8200p talk 22:49, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

Unspecified source for Image:CORSUMO.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:CORSUMO.jpg. I notice the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this file yourself, then there needs to be a justification explaining why we have the right to use it on Wikipedia (see copyright tagging below). If you did not create the file yourself, then you need to specify where it was found, i.e., in most cases link to the website where it was taken from, and the terms of use for content from that page.

If the file also doesn't have a copyright tag, then one should be added. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following [ this link]. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Nv8200p talk 22:50, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Barf. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Barf~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:29, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 10:54, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Barf~enwiki


text:
Direct Internet Message Encapsulation

Direct Internet Message Encapsulation (DIME) was a Microsoft-proposed internet standard in the early 2000s for the streaming of binary and other encapsulated data over the Internet.

According to the IETF website, the standard has been withdrawn and never made RFC status. However, Microsoft did at one time recommend DIME for transmitting files via Web services. It was also used in Java EE, but differences in the implementation of the protocol made it difficult.

The first version was submitted to the IETF in November 2001; the last update was submitted in June 2002. By December 2003, DIME had lost out, in competition with Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism and SOAP with Attachments. Microsoft now describes DIME as "superseded by the SOAP Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism (MTOM) specification"

The standard was intended to be an improved version of MIME. In particular a difficulty with MIME is that each message must be encoded as text and that its sections are separated by a separator given in the message header. This means the entire stream of data must be known to the sender before starting the communication, so as to choose a separator that does not occur in the data. This is not useful if the entire stream is not available when the communication is initiated, or when searching it is expensive. DIME is more oriented to streaming, allowing, for example, a receiver to process chunks of the message as they arrive without having to wait for the entire message.

Criticisms
Issues with HTTP

DIME was defined as the transmission format at the data link layer in the OSI model although it was typically transmitted over HTTP. One difficulty here was that it could form an HTTP message of essentially any size (the limit being the size information for each chunk, which was 32 bits so 1 gigabit). Many HTTP receivers were not used to messages as large as this, and if they buffered messages would simply fail, due to the fact that the software expected a short message, but instead received a long one. Moreover, if the HTTP receiver was secured, it would, send back a challenge message (400 code) to the sender upon receiving the message. Because HTTP is connectionless, it would then entirely lose the possibly huge amount of data that had been sent to it, just to accept or deny the challenge. The response to the challenge could of course succeed, at the expense of sending the data twice, which if it were huge rather defeats its point.

In the alternate solution, the criteria for a successful challenge (e.g. a username and password) is established out-of-band, so it can be sent with the message the first time and not receive a challenge (the by-product of the connectionless HTTP protocol being that since each message is treated individual, any message must be able successfully to include its challenge response).

DIME was extremely fast compared to practical applications of other protocols. Because the data was binary rather than, say, Base64 encoded, it was relatively compact, and the chunking and packet methods built into the protocol meant it could be streamed and read by a suitable receiver before the whole message had been read.

Issues at the Network Layer

Because DIME was defined at the data link layer, it was possible to encapsulate a DIME message in another DIME message. This would not help at all for compression purposes but was occasionally useful to bypass networking infrastructure such as routers at the network layer of the OS model, which would otherwise block the encapsulated traffic (being binary they may treat it with suspicion). That being said, other protocols such as MIME may equally suffer such. Since DIME was generally used between well-trusted clients, a specific port could be opened at the router for the express purpose of sending and receiving DIME traffic. This did not subvert the security aspects, since the challenge would still occur, merely that it accepted that binary traffic was the norm on that port, and did not give numerous false positives.

title: Direct Internet Message Encapsulation


text:
User talk:NewAtair

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

You didn't say WHY
Hi NewAtair.When you readded NZSL to the NZ page, you didn't say WHY, in the summary. Has the bill actually passed through the house? Cheers. Moriori 00:00, Sep 3, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:NewAtair


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Strange Meeting

Just the text of the poem. Probably should be on Wikisource. supadawg 19:32, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Agreed. Move to Wikisource.  RickK 19:34, Aug 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * Now has a new home at Strange Meeting. There wasn't much to clean up, but I'd appreciate it if someone gave it a look-over anyway.  (But do remember that copyediting is frowned upon at Wikisource; we like to keep the original with all of its typos and flaws.)  --Ardonik 22:05, Aug 11, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Kenny Wallace

Kenneth Lee Wallace (born August 23, 1963) is an American race car driver and former reporter for Fox NASCAR. He retired from NASCAR in 2015 after driving in the national series since 1988. In a career spanning 25 years in NASCAR, Wallace had nine wins, all occurring in the NASCAR Xfinity Series. Now retired from NASCAR competition, he continues to race on local dirt tracks across the country as a hobby.

Early life
Wallace is the youngest of three brothers born to Russ and Judy Wallace. Russ was a prolific race winner himself, which made him unpopular with fans. Wallace earned his nickname, "Herman," early in life when Lake Hill Speedway promoter Bob Mueller made note of Wallace's boisterous behavior when taking up for his father, likening him to the mischievous cartoon character Herman the German. He went to Fox High School in Arnold, Missouri.

Wallace began his racing career by working as a mechanic on his father's race cars and brother's team. He entered his first race, the Illinois Street Stock State Championship, in 1982, winning the event. In 1984, Wallace worked as a mechanic for Benfield Racing and Joe Ruttman, eventually being promoted to crew chief after Jake Elder left the team. He entered the American Speed Association in 1986, achieving Rookie of the Year honors in the series.

Early Busch career
In September 1988, Dale Earnhardt gave Wallace the seat for his first-ever NASCAR start, in which he finished eleventh in the Busch Series race at Martinsville Speedway, driving the No. 8 GM Goodwrench Chevrolet. The following year, he raced the full Busch Series schedule in a car owned by brother Rusty Wallace, sponsored by Cox Treated Lumber earning the 1989 Rookie of the Year award and finishing sixth in driver point standings. In 1990, he made his Winston Cup debut at North Wilkesboro Speedway in the No. 36 Pontiac for Randy Cox, finishing 26th after a late-race crash, setting up the controversial finish, which saw Brett Bodine win. He finished seventh in the Busch Series. The following season, he won his first two career races at Volusia County and New Hampshire, and finished a career-best second in the Busch points. He also subbed for Kyle Petty in two races in the Cup series at Charlotte and Dover. At the Pyroil 500, he competed against his brothers Mike and Rusty, marking the first time since Bob, Fonty, and Tim Flock raced that three brothers competed in the same race. In 1992, Dirt Devil became his sponsor and he won his third career Busch race at Martinsville, but several mechanical problems dropped him down to sixth in points.

1993–2000
In 1993, Wallace moved up to the Winston Cup Series full-time, driving the No. 40 Dirt Devil-sponsored Pontiac Grand Prix for SABCO Racing. The team got a considerable amount of television time as the team was featured on the TV show What Would You Do?. He had three Top 10's and finished 23rd in points, but lost his ride at the end of the season. He returned to the Busch Series to drive the No. 8 TIC Financial Systems-sponsored Ford for FILMAR Racing. He earned up three wins and finished fourth in points. Towards the end of the season, he was hired by Robert Yates Racing to replace an injured Ernie Irvan in the Cup series. In 12 races, he finished in the Top 10 three times. In 1995, Wallace and FILMAR split time between the Cup and Busch Series. Wallace had one win with the Red Dog Ford in the Busch Series at Richmond, and made eleven starts in the Cup Series in the No. 81 car.

Wallace and FILMAR began racing in Cup full-time 1996 with funding from Square D. They had two top-ten finishes and finished 28th in points. The following season, he won two poles, at Bristol and Martinsville respectively, but fell five spots in the standings. Despite seven Top 10's in 1998, Wallace and Square D left FILMAR to drive Andy Petree Racing's new No. 55 entry. Wallace finished in the top-ten five times and had a career-best twenty-second-place finish in points. After only one Top 10 in 2000 and a 26th-place finish in the points, he departed the team. The sole Top 10 came in his second-place finish to Dale Earnhardt in the 2000 Winston 500, which was Earnhardt's 76th and final victory. Wallace pushed Earnhardt to the front in four laps to the lead.

2001–2015
In 2001, Wallace signed with the unsponsored Eel River Racing team, and also was hired to drive the No. 48 Goulds Pumps-sponsored Chevy in the Busch Series full-time for Innovative Motorsports. After several DNQ's, Wallace resigned from the team to concentrate on his Busch ride. He won his first race in seven years at North Carolina Speedway and finished tenth in points. He also filled in for Steve Park in the Cup Series, winning one pole and nailing down two top tens, including a second-place finish at Rockingham Speedway, tying a career best. He did not win in 2002, but moved up to seventh in the Busch series standings in the No. 48 Chevrolet now sponsored by Stacker 2. He replaced Kevin Harvick in Richard Childress Racing's No. 29 car at Martinsville after the latter was suspended for deliberately wrecking another driver in the Truck Series race the day before. He was hired late in the season by Bill Davis Racing to replace Hut Stricklin in the No. 23 Hills Brothers Coffee-sponsored Dodge, and was hired to drive the car full-time in 2003, bringing his Stacker 2 sponsorship with him while also driving a single race in the Busch Series for Michael Waltrip at Gateway, his hometown track in St. Louis. After one top ten finish, Wallace and the team moved down to the Busch Series in 2004, garnering ten top tens. He also drove in the Cup Series five times for Michael Waltrip Racing.

In 2005, Davis Racing closed its Busch team, allowing Wallace and sponsor Stacker 2 to join ppc Racing's No. 22 Ford, earning five Top fives and eleven top tens. During that season Wallace's team lost sponsorship when Stacker 2 backed out of NASCAR, and drove for the rest of his time with ppc Racing driving the No. 22 AutoZone-sponsored Ford. He began driving for Furniture Row Racing in the Cup Series that season, and ran seventeen races with them in 2006. After four top tens in 2006, Furniture Row began racing full-time in Cup, so Wallace left ppc.

Despite getting voted into the All-Star Race at Charlotte, Wallace was unable to keep the No. 78 in the top 35 in owner's points, and left the team in August. On August 22, 2007, he filled in for Kyle Petty in the No. 45 Wells Fargo-sponsored Dodge at Bristol. Shortly after that drove as a sub for an injured Ricky Rudd in the No. 88 Snickers-sponsored Ford Fusion until Rudd returned.

Wallace attempted to qualify for the 2008 Daytona 500 in a second car for Furniture Row Racing—the No. 87 Denver Mattress-sponsored Chevrolet. This car was entered as a safety net for the team's primary driver Joe Nemechek in the 78, should his car not make the race. Nemechek locked the 78 in on pole day, giving Wallace the opportunity to race. Wallace finished eighth in the first Duel at Daytona, making the 50th Daytona 500. Wallace was black flagged in the 500 for failure to maintain the NASCAR-required speed, allowing him to finished dead-last. Wallace drove for Armando Fitz early in the 2008 NASCAR Nationwide Series season before switching to the No. 28 for Jay Robinson. Between the 2008, 2009, and 2010 seasons, Wallace finished in the top ten three times. He left Jay Robinson and joined RAB Racing, driving without a paycheck in exchange for getting to drive competitive equipment. Wallace recorded eleven top ten finishes in 2011, with a best finish of fifth at Richmond. In October, he announced that he would return to the team in 2012. However, Wallace only ran the first five races before sponsorship issues forced him to move to a partial schedule. In addition to driving both RAB's Nos. 09 and 99, Wallace also drove at Indianapolis with Benny Gordon's SR2 Motorsports team and finished 19th.

In January 2012, RAB Racing announced that Wallace would be attempting to qualify for the 2012 Daytona 500, driving the American Ethanol-sponsored No. 09 Toyota Camry. The team suffered fuel pump issues in the Gatorade Duel and failed to qualify for the race.

In July 2012, Wallace was guaranteed a ride for one race in the No. 22 Penske Racing Nationwide car, but Sam Hornish Jr. was given the ride.

In 2013, Wallace ran the inaugural Mudsummer Classic at Eldora Speedway and after winning the fourth heat race, he finished seventeenth after starting fourth in the event. He also ran at Chicagoland Speedway in the Truck Series, as well as running a limited schedule in the Nationwide Series for RAB Racing; at the Chicagoland Nationwide race, he made his 900th start in NASCAR's top three divisions. In late September, he qualified Brian Vickers' Sprint Cup Series car at New Hampshire Motor Speedway, due to a scheduling conflict; Vickers drove in the race and finished 7th.

In early 2015, Wallace competed in the Chili Bowl Midget Nationals for Loyet Motorsports. Also in 2015, Kenny's brother, Mike Wallace, had open heart surgery. Kenny was announced as his replacement in the Winn-Dixie 300 at Talladega, driving the No. 26 Xfinity Series Toyota for JGL Racing. Wallace was involved in a late-race accident and finished 38th. He joined RAB Racing for the Iowa race in June with the sponsorship from U.S. Cellular, finishing a respectable 23rd after starting from the rear of the field. He also announced that he would run his final NASCAR race at Iowa with Joe Gibbs Racing in August. He finished fifteenth in his final NASCAR start.

2016–present
Though his NASCAR driving career came to an end, he continues to race on dirt tracks in his UMPDirtCar modified. In August, he ran the Stadium Super Trucks race at the Charlotte Dirt Track, driving the No. 36 Safecraft Safety Equipment truck. He finished eighth in the event.

Personal life
Wallace is a member of a large racing family. Wallace's father, Russ, was a prolific winner on Midwestern short tracks in the 1960s and 1970s. Kenny and his older brothers, Rusty Wallace and Mike Wallace, followed in their father's footsteps. Rusty is the 1989 NASCAR Winston Cup Series champion and winner of 55 Cup Series races. Mike is a winner of four Nationwide Series and five Camping World Truck Series races. Rusty's son, Steve Wallace, is a former Nationwide Series driver, and Mike's daughter, Chrissy Wallace, has participated in multiple Nationwide Series and Camping World Truck Series races.

Living outside of St. Louis, Missouri, Wallace is married to Kim and has three daughters, Brooke, Brandy, and Brittany. He became a grandfather on May 19, 2016

During his early Cup days, Wallace had a go-kart track in his backyard that hosted races for other Cup drivers. The track was eventually razed when Wallace didn't have insurance to cover injuries sustained at the track.

NASCAR
(key) ( Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. )

Superstar Racing Experience
(key) * – Most laps led. 1 – Heat 1 winner. 2 – Heat 2 winner.

$$ Season still in progress $1$ Ineligible for series points

title: Kenny Wallace