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John Popper

John Popper (born March 29, 1967) is an American musician and songwriter, known as the co-founder, lead vocalist, and frontman of the rock band Blues Traveler.

Early life
John Popper was born in Chardon, Ohio. His father was a Hungarian immigrant who left Budapest in 1948. Through him, Popper is related to David Popper, an important 19th-century European cellist. Popper's mother and brother are lawyers.

Popper was raised in Stamford, Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey. He attended Davenport Ridge School, Stamford Catholic High School (now Trinity Catholic High School), and Princeton High School, from which he graduated in 1986. He took lessons on the piano, the cello, and the guitar, but none of those instruments appealed to him, and he hated being forced to practice.

He originally wanted to become a comedian, finding he could use humor to make friends and avoid bullies, but when he and a friend performed a routine as the Blues Brothers, he found that he enjoyed musical performance. From there, he took up the harmonica. Popper played trumpet in the Princeton High School Studio Jazz Band and convinced the teacher to let him play harmonica instead, after an in-class solo on the song "She Blinded Me with Science."

He formed several garage bands with friends in Princeton, New Jersey, one of which evolved into Blues Traveler in 1987. After graduating from high school, the group's members all moved to New York City, where Popper enrolled in the New School for Jazz and Contemporary Music, along with two of his bandmates as well as high school friend Chris Barron. Popper attended for three years but devoted himself to the band full-time once they signed a record contract, in 1990.

Blues Traveler
Popper is a founding member of Blues Traveler, serving as the band's frontman with lead vocals and harmonica. For some songs, he forgoes the harmonica in favor of guitar, most often a 12-string acoustic. In addition, Popper has played the tin whistle on some recordings.

A prolific songwriter, he has composed the majority of the lyrics and music of Blues Traveler's songs.

The band grew a following with its extensive touring, sometimes with over 300 dates a year, and gained a reputation in the jam band scene of the 1990s. Blues Traveler crossed over into mainstream pop/rock radio success with their 1994 album, four, which garnered the group extensive media exposure. The Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal in 1996 was awarded to "Run-Around", a song that Popper composed. In 2021, Blues Traveler's album "Traveler's Blues" was nominated by the Recording Academy for "Best Traditional Blues Album" for the 2022 GRAMMY Awards.

Solo work
In 1990, Popper began to perform occasional solo concerts in addition to touring with Blues Traveler. Several songs that originated as Popper's solo pieces have become part of Blues Traveler's repertoire, and vice versa.

Bolstered by Blues Traveler's mainstream success, Popper released a solo album, Zygote, in 1999, and toured in support of it with his own John Popper Band. The album was produced by Terry Manning, and the backing band consisted of longtime friends Dave Ares, Crugie Riccio, and Rob Clores of Cycomotogoat, with drummer Carter Beauford of Dave Matthews Band. The album's release came less than three months after Popper's heart surgery, and only days after the death of Bobby Sheehan, Popper's bandmate and best friend. The subsequent tour was canceled midway due to poor ticket sales, and Popper instead took the time to focus on his health.

Popper has co-written songs with Trey Anastasio, Warren Haynes, Chris Barron, and Jonny Lang. He also frequently appears as a guest performer with musicians both famous and obscure, from a diverse variety of genres. He has performed with, among others, jam bands Spin Doctors, Dave Matthews Band, Phish, and most recently, the Allman Brothers Band in 2009; bluesmen Eric Clapton and B.B. King; singer-songwriters Jason Mraz and John Mayer; saxophonist Karl Denson; San Francisco's Culann's Hounds; heavy metal band Metallica; rock trio ZO2, and even with the Hungarian Ambassador to the United States, András Simonyi. He sat in with the Smashing Pumpkins on the second day of their acoustic 1997 Bridge School Benefit appearance, contributing harmonica for their song "Porcelina of the Vast Oceans"; Popper's solo garnered major applause from the audience. He also performed with the Grateful Dead at a tribute to Bill Graham in 1991. Popper played the harmonica on Hanson's album This Time Around in 2000, for which he performed on "If Only" and "In the City." He also composed, wrote, and performed the theme song for the ninth season of the sitcom Roseanne.

In 2017 and 2018, Popper began to play solo acoustic performances across the United States. He is often accompanied by Blues Traveler keyboardist Ben Wilson and performs songs that span both Blues Traveler and his solo catalog.

Side projects
In 1992, Popper conceived the HORDE Festival as a venue to gain exposure for up-and-coming independent musicians. It ran until 1998.

Popper was a part of a one-time studio band brought together in 1997 by New York drummer/songwriter Solomon Deniro. Other players included Trey Gunn, Bernie Worrell, Marc Ribot, and Vernon Reid. The group's only recordings were released as the album Gimme Gimme, under the name the Devotees. The same recording was re-released by Deniro in 2001, under the title Solomon.

Popper took over in 1998 as frontman of jam-band supergroup Frogwings, which then released the live album Croakin' at Toad's.

Popper later formed a rock/jazz/hip hop fusion group called the John Popper Project with DJ Logic, which released an album in 2006 and performs occasionally. He also performs on the 2008 album Jason Miles: Global Noize: A Prayer for the Planet.

Popper's latest side project is John Popper & the Duskray Troubadours, which plays Americana roots music. The group's self-titled debut from 429 Records was released in March 2011 and was produced by band member Jono Manson, who co-wrote much of the material. The first single, "Something Sweet", written by Manson and Bruce Donnola, was released February 7, 2011, on iTunes. Mason and Popper conceived the project after Popper says he was "running out of ideas" for Blues Traveler before they took a short break.

Acting and media appearances
Popper is known for singing the song "But Anyway" in the Farrelly Brothers comedy Kingpin, starring Woody Harrelson, Randy Quaid, and Vanessa Angel.

He had a speaking guest role in an episode of the sitcom Roseanne as a musician similar to himself. He appeared on episode 30 of Space Ghost Coast to Coast as a musical guest as well as featuring as a guest on the IFC television comedy series Z Rock. On the show, he plays himself and befriends the band, ZO2, helping them get a record deal. He also performed the Star-Spangled Banner prior to game 4 of the 1996 World Series.

Popper has provided narration for art projects produced by his friends, including Das Clown, an award-winning short film in slideshow style that was screened at the Sundance Film Festival.

He served as host of the third annual Jammy awards in 2002.

He has been a recurring guest on Howard Stern's and Bill Maher's shows and sat in with the CBS Orchestra on the Late Show with David Letterman on occasion. In 2009, he sat in with the Roots on an episode of Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. Popper performed "Something Sweet" with the Duskray Troubadours on the TBS show Lopez Tonight on March 1, 2011. He also sat in with the house band for the closing number of the show.

In 2016, Popper, along with the rest of Blues Traveler, made a cameo appearance in The Meddler.

In 2018, Popper appeared in the "Fully Vested" episode of Pawn Stars.

Personal life
Since the success of Blues Traveler, Popper has lived in various locations, including rural Pennsylvania and New Orleans. On November 23, 2015, Popper and his then-wife Jordan Auleb had their first child, a daughter; the couple divorced in 2018.

In October 1992, Popper was involved in a traffic collision on a motorcycle while traveling to a studio to record for Blues Traveler's third album. The crash put him in a wheelchair for several months, but Popper continued touring with the band performing in a wheelchair.

In 1999, he suffered a near-fatal heart attack brought on by years of compulsive overeating (he had been diagnosed with diabetes a few years earlier). Doctors at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center performed an emergency angioplasty, which saved Popper's life; he had 95% arterial blockage. Popper later underwent gastric bypass surgery and lost a significant amount of weight.

Popper has a tattoo across his chest that says "I WANT TO BE BRAVE", written backwards.

In August 2016, he announced a pending surgical procedure to repair collapsed vertebrae in his neck, necessitating the postponement and cancellation of some Blues Traveler shows.

Weapons collecting
Popper is an avid collector of weaponry, including firearms, swords, and a working $10,000 American Civil War cannon. He cites a fascination with their aesthetic of being "life-savingly efficient" machines. Popper is a supporter of Second Amendment rights and once appeared on an MTV-sponsored roundtable discussion on gun control, which included panelists from the Law Enforcement Alliance of America and Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government. He carries weapons in any state where it is allowed, even when onstage. On his 2003 Daily Show appearance, he stated that he decided to move away from New Jersey because of the state's tight gun laws. He said that his Bucks County, Pennsylvania property had 32 acre on which he built a private gun range.

Politics
Popper endorsed George W. Bush in the 2004 U.S. presidential election. In November 2008, Popper said, regarding Barack Obama, "this is the first time I've voted for a Democrat, ever." Popper was a supporter of Ron Paul during the 2012 U.S. presidential election and participated in phone-banking at Paul's New Hampshire campaign headquarters. He also played a short set during Paul's "We are the Future Rally", an alternative convention for Paul supporters that was held in Tampa the day before the 2012 Republican National Convention.

Popper (with and without Blues Traveler) has played at conventions, fundraisers, and ceremonies for both Republican and Democratic politicians.

Popper has said, "I was a bleeding-heart liberal, until I got a job," and describes himself as "a libertarian who is a Republican when pushed". The singer summed up his political position by saying, "I believe in freedom for markets and freedom for individuals, so I guess that makes me a libertarian."

Popper has toured with the USO, both with Blues Traveler and solo. In the mid-2000s, he toured the Middle East, performing with the Band of the Air Force Reserve and Jamie O'Neal at various military camps.

He has appeared with Rock the Vote and recorded "The Preamble" for the Schoolhouse Rocks the Vote! album.

Popper performed the Blues Traveler hits "Run-Around" and "Hook", as well as a rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner", alongside Greensky Bluegrass, for Bernie Sanders' "A Future to Believe In" rally at Safeco Field in Seattle, on March 25, 2016.

Religion
Popper was raised Catholic, and for a time attended Stamford Catholic High School in Connecticut. However, he does not actively practice in his adult life. He has described himself as a "recovering Catholic". He wrote the song "Trina Magna" as an exploration of his religious views. He also has Jewish ancestry through David Popper.

Legal trouble
In 2003, Popper was arrested for possession of marijuana. He was arrested again on March 6, 2007, near Ritzville, Washington, by the Washington State Patrol. He was the passenger in his own vehicle, which was stopped for speeding, and was found to be in the possession of a small amount of marijuana and weapons. Popper was released the same night. The vehicle had a stash of hidden compartments, which contained four rifles, nine handguns, a switchblade knife, a Taser, a set of brass knuckles, and night vision goggles. The vehicle was temporarily seized.

No charges were filed for the weapons, as they were all registered and securely locked away, and Popper was licensed to carry them, with the exception of the brass knuckles and switchblade knife, which he agreed to surrender. A deal was reached that allowed the marijuana charge to be dropped if Popper remained free of further drug infractions for one year and attended eight hours of drug counseling. Popper and the driver had been driving back to Washington from Austin, Texas, and Popper likes to visit gun ranges during long trips.

Online controversy
Popper is also known as an avid Twitter user and has caused some controversy on the platform. He also has publicly posted the home address and information of a particular Twitter user who often made jokes at his expense. Popper also drew attention for arguing with a bot named "assbott", which had become well-known during the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump; it was the co-creator of this bot that Popper doxed in July 2017.

Autobiography
On March 29, 2016, Da Capo Press released Popper's autobiography, Suck and Blow: And Other Stories I'm Not Supposed to Tell, written by Popper with the help of Relix co-editor-in-chief Dean Budnick. In the book, among band exploits and a variety of topics, Popper discusses the group's rebound from the death of bassist Bobby Sheehan, the creation of the H.O.R.D.E. tour, his relationship with Bill Graham, and his personal battle with being overweight.

Equipment

John Popper has expressed a preference for the Hohner Special 20 diatonic harmonica, calling them "the Porsche of harmonicas." Since 2015, he uses mainly his own signature harmonicas, manufactured by Fender. Popper uses Shure microphones and Mesa Boogie amplifiers. He also uses D'Addario strings.

Trademark equipment
Popper has developed some equipment innovations to accommodate his use of harmonicas during performances. Because each individual diatonic harmonica is tuned to one particular key, he fashioned belts with enough pockets to hold harmonicas in all twelve keys (plus extras) and wore them as a bandolier, or slung over his neck. He switches keys multiple times within one song, and this arrangement has allowed him to quickly trade one harmonica for another without looking. In 2002, he stopped using the belts, as they no longer fit him properly due to his weight loss. One such belt later sold for $2,700 on the History Channel series Pawn Stars. He now carries his harmonicas in a small black attaché case. He uses a special microphone with switches that change the audio effect of the harmonica as it is played through an amplifier, similar to a guitar effects pedal. Popper was inspired by Jimi Hendrix's guitar playing to make his instrument sound however he wanted. He has fashioned a number of floppy-brimmed hats with flattened harmonica cover plates on the band, which he almost always wears during appearances with Blues Traveler.

Solo

 * Zygote (1999)
 * Go Outside and Drive (The Vestal Version) single (1999)

with Blues Traveler
with The Devotees
 * Gimme Gimme (1997)

with Frogwings

 * Croakin' at Toad's (2000)

with The John Popper Project

 * The John Popper Project with DJ Logic (2006)

with The Duskray Troubadours

 * John Popper & the Duskray Troubadours (2011)
 * Something Sweet single (2011)

Featured music appearances

 * Solo instrumental track "Harmonica Musings" from the soundtrack of Blues Brothers 2000 (1998)
 * "The Preamble" from Schoolhouse Rocks the Vote! (1998)
 * "Northbound Train" from the Broadway musical soundtrack of The Civil War: The Complete Work (1999)
 * Duet with Eric Clapton on "Christmas Blues" from A Very Special Christmas Live (1999)
 * "Regarding Steven" from the 2000 compilation VH1 Storytellers Live (2000)
 * Duet with B.B. King on "Back Door Santa" from A Very Special Christmas Vol. 5 (2001)
 * Several tracks from Warren Haynes Presents: The Benefit Concert, Volume 2 (2007)
 * Several tracks from Warren Haynes Presents: The Benefit Concert, Volume 3 (2010)

Television appearances

 * Performed a duet with Dolly Parton on her Treasures television special in 1997
 * Appeared on a 1996 episode of the Late Show with David Letterman to surprise Manny the Hippie with a harmonica duel
 * Appeared as a guest on an episode of the Cartoon Network comedy talk show Space Ghost Coast to Coast
 * Had speaking lines on episode #9509 ("Of Mice and Dan") of the sitcom Roseanne as Stingray Wilson, a musician similar to Popper himself (Popper later wrote lyrics for the show's bluesy theme song, which was performed by Blues Traveler in the final season of the show).
 * An animated clay caricature of Popper fought a match in the MTV series Celebrity Deathmatch, defeating singer Fiona Apple.
 * Appeared on Penn and Teller's Sin City Spectacular, playing harmonica during a card trick performance
 * Was a guest on Comedy Central's The Daily Show in 2003, promoting Blues Traveler's album Truth Be Told
 * Was a celebrity coach in the final round of America's Got Talent
 * Blues Traveler was a featured band on episode 8 ("Traumatic Party Stress Disorder") of season 1 of the Hulu TV romantic comedy TV series Selfie
 * Appeared on season 9 of NBC's The Voice in 2015, with contestant Braiden Sunshine. Popper was "so honored" Sunshine used the song "Mountains Win Again" to audition with that he let him sing it for the crowd gathered at Las Vegas's Brooklyn Bowl on October 22, 2015.
 * In January 2018, Popper appeared on A&E's Storage Wars (season 11, episode 17).
 * In February 2018, he appeared on the History Channel's Pawn Stars (season 15, episode 20), where he authenticated a vest made for him and gave Chumlee a harmonica lesson.

Other appearances

 * Popper performed with the Grateful Dead at the Laughter, Love and Music celebration of the life of Bill Graham in Golden Gate Park on November 3, 1991, playing harmonica on the Willie Dixon blues number "Wang Dang Doodle".
 * Popper has played his Jimi Hendrix-inspired harmonica rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner" at NBA, NFL, and MLB games, including the World Series (game 4 of the 1996 World Series at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium in Atlanta, Georgia).

title: John Popper


text:
Bishopston, Bristol

Bishopston is a suburb of the city of Bristol in south west England. Bishopston is around Gloucester Road (A38), the main northern arterial road in the city and Bishop Road.

Bishopston is named after the bishop of the local diocese who controversially sold off the church's land to private developers in the early 19th century. The sale was even raised as an issue in the House of Commons. The parish of Bishopston was then created in July 1862 with a population of 1300 and expanding to 9140 in the Census 1901. In the Census 2001 Bishopston registered a resident population of 11,996. The district is part of the Bristol built-up area, having been swallowed by the growing city, running directly into the surrounding districts of Redland, Ashley Down, Horfield and Henleaze.

The area has a relatively large student population, with 21% of the over-16 population in education compared to 8.4% in Bristol and 5.1% in England and Wales.

Some of the location filming for the cult BBC sitcom The Young Ones was done in Codrington Road and elsewhere. The external shots for the famous "bank-robbing" scene in the last episode were filmed outside the now closed Bristol North Swimming Baths on Gloucester Road.

Bishopston was the home of two Nobel Prize–winning physicists. In 1933 Paul Dirac, who attended the Bishop Road Primary School, just a few hundred metres from where he lived on Monk Road, won the prize after his contributions to quantum mechanics. In 1950 Cecil Frank Powell won the prestigious award for contributions to Physics (specifically, for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method). Bishopston was home to television presenter Adam Hart-Davis and psychologist Susan Blackmore.

The famous film star Cary Grant (real name Archibald Alexander Leach) attended Bishop Road School in Bishopston. As a child he lived nearby in Hughenden Road next to Horfield Common, where there is a blue plaque to commemorate him.

Bishopston has two primary schools, St. Bonaventure's Catholic Primary School which served the huge Italian Irish and South American Catholic community and Bishop Road Primary School COE which was a secondary school up until the mid 1980s and served children of the Anglican faith and drew in children from the Asian and Jamaican community in St Paul's and Montpellier.

The main artery, Gloucester Road, is a traditional local high street, and well used by local residents. In addition to the independently run shops such as Scoopaway, La Ruca, Gardener's Patch and Harvest, recent years have seen several supermarket chains opening stores in the area, as well as a number of cafés, restaurants, and pubs. This, together with the range of fairly traded and local goods available, has made it popular with ecologically minded shoppers.

Bishopston is home to Gloucestershire County Cricket Club, located off Nevil Road. The ground's capacity has been increased to hold international cricket matches.

The David Thomas Memorial church, in neighbouring St Andrews, was erected between 1879 and 1881 but was demolished in 1987, destroying most of a Gothic fantasy by Stuart Coleman. The building still retains a thin octagonal spire and west front but the massive halls, apse and rib vaults have now gone, and have been replaced by flats by Stride Treglown.

Politics
Bishopston is in the Bristol West parliamentary constituency and is represented by Thangam Debbonaire of the Labour Party. It is split between the wards of Redland and Bishopston and Ashley Down. Redland ward is represented by Martin Fodor and Fi Hance, both of the Green Party and Bishopston and Ashley Down ward is represented by Lily Fitzgibbon and Emma Edwards, also both of the Green Party

Education
Bishopston is the location of Bishop Road Primary School, which opened in 1900, and is the largest primary school in Bristol, notable for having educated Cary Grant and Paul Dirac.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Bishopston, Bristol


text:
Pukerua Bay

Pukerua Bay is a small seaside suburb at the southern end of the Kāpiti Coast, New Zealand. In local government terms it is the northernmost suburb of Porirua City, in the Wellington Region. It is 12 km north of the Porirua City Centre on State Highway 59, and 30 km north of central Wellington. In Māori, the words puke rua literally mean two hills but it is not clear to which hills the name refers.

Geography
The majority of Pukerua Bay is situated in a saddle between hills, about 60-90m above sea level, offering sea views (and views of Kapiti Island and occasionally Mounts Taranaki and Ruapehu to the north) from many houses. The Kaikoura range on the South Island including Mt Tapuae-o-Uenuku can be seen from some places at the southern end of the township. The coast around Pukerua Bay is fairly steep, with only a few houses nestled in a row behind the two sandy beach areas. The surrounding hills are mainly farm land used for sheep and cattle grazing, providing a rural backdrop to the east and west. The area to the south, along, turns into Taupō Swamp towards Plimmerton.

Pukerua Bay's main residential areas are along Rawhiti Road, west of SH 59, the central clifftop, Sea Vista Drive east of SH 59 and the beach frontage extending east (Brendan Beach) and west of Beach Road. There is a pedestrian bridge over SH 59 near Wairaka Road's Kindergarten and pre-school and the school's back entrance (the main entrance is on Rawhiti Road).

There are two walks between Pukerua Bay and Plimmerton (5 km south), one around the rocky coast, and one inland (part of a longer cycleway) parallel to the railway. The inland route is pre-European – it was traditionally known as te taua tapu (the sacred war-party). The cycleway is known as Te Ara Harakeke (the flax road). The coastal route goes past Marble Arch (Te Ana Puta) to Wairaka Rock on an uninhabited part of Pukerua Bay, the only mainland home of Whitaker's skink (Oligosoma whitakeri), an icon of the bay. According to legend, the rock is the petrified wife of culture hero Haunui-a-Nanaia, who pursued her from Māhia Peninsula, naming places on the way including Manawatū, Ōhau and Turakina.

The escarpment track between Pukerua Bay and Paekākāriki is exposed and prone to slips from significant rain events affecting SH 59 north of Pukerua Bay. The coastal road was closed three times within a year in 2022.

The waters around Pukerua Bay, from a point north halfway to Paekākāriki to Wairaka Point south of Pukerua Bay, are currently protected by a rāhui.

History
The earliest people known to have lived in the area around Pukerua Bay were the Ngati Ira Māori tribe and later the Muaupoko, who built Waimapihi Pā near today's seaward end of Rawhiti Road. Pukerua Bay was on the main road for Māori travellers going north or south. About 1822, it was invaded from Kapiti Island by Te Rauparaha and his Ngāti Toa people. According to oral tradition, the Muaupoko people fled up the gorge of the Waimapihi stream (on the Ohariu Fault line), abandoning their treasures on the way.

The land blocks originally surveyed (Wairaka in the west, Waimapihi and Pukerua in the east) were sold to settlers from Europe for farming in the late 19th century. Charles Gray was the first resident to subdivide and sell residential sections in Pukerua Bay, in the early 20th century.

Pukerua Bay's development history is curious because the railway went through it (1886) for years before there was good road access (1940), so it grew at first on the waterfront as a weekend destination. The original railway station was named "Pukerua" until it was changed briefly to Waimapihi in the 1920s and then to "Pukerua Bay" to avoid confusion with "Pukerau" in the South Island.

By the end of the 1920s, Pukerua Bay numbered 100 houses, a small school on land donated by Charles Gray, and a few small stores. Electricity was put through from Plimmerton to Pukerua Bay in 1927 and in 1928 the track between Plimmerton and Pukerua Bay was formed into a narrow road. The beach remained the main attraction for weekend visitors from Wellington (by steam train) as there was still no road bridge at Paremata until 1935 and no highway until the Centennial Highway was completed in 1940.

Most of the clifftop development dates from after World War II and Pukerua Bay has its own branch of the Returned Services Association. Pukerua Bay experienced significant growth in the 1950s and 1960s, being connected to Wellington via the Kapiti Line (which was double-tracked to Pukerua Bay and electrified to Paekakariki in 1940) and accessible from north and south via State Highway 1 (which ran through Pukerua Bay at the time). In 1973, Pukerua Bay joined Porirua City Council to get the issues of water and sewerage connection addressed.

Growth continued in the 1970s with the Sea Vista Drive subdivision and soon the fact that the SH 1 route, with increasing traffic, was going through the middle of Pukerua Bay became an issue. In 1989, an over-bridge over the SH 1 route was opened, after continued lobbying by local residents, which included continually walking across the pedestrian crossing to hold up traffic.

The SH 1 route through Pukerua Bay was renumbered on 7 December 2021, due to SH 1 being shifted to the Transmission Gully Motorway.

Demographics
The Pukerua Bay statistical area covers 8.17 km2. It had an estimated population of as of  with a population density of  people per km2.

Pukerua Bay had a population of 1,962 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 66 people (3.5%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 237 people (13.7%) since the 2006 census. There were 705 households, comprising 963 males and 999 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.96 males per female. The median age was 40.6 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 426 people (21.7%) aged under 15 years, 303 (15.4%) aged 15 to 29, 996 (50.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 234 (11.9%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 91.9% European/Pākehā, 14.1% Māori, 3.7% Pasifika, 2.3% Asian, and 2.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 22.9, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 60.1% had no religion, 29.4% were Christian, 0.3% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.5% were Buddhist and 2.9% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 537 (35.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 138 (9.0%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $44,800, compared with $31,800 nationally. 447 people (29.1%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 891 (58.0%) people were employed full-time, 255 (16.6%) were part-time, and 48 (3.1%) were unemployed.

Features
Pukerua Bay has a branch of Porirua Library, a Returned Servicemen's Association, tennis club, scout hall, sports field, and several nature reserves and trails. Retail facilities include a convenience store, hairdresser and second-hand bookstore. There is one railway station, Pukerua Bay railway station, on the North Island Main Trunk railway, with suburban services provided by Metlink. The train journey to Wellington takes about 35 minutes, to Paraparaumu 20 minutes. A second station, Muri railway station, 1.2 km by road north of Pukerua Bay station, was closed on 30 April 2011.

Pukerua Bay's skatepark was rebuilt in 2009 in a collaborative venture between the Porirua City Council, the Residents Association, and PKBSK8 Inc. Funding was also provided by the Caversham Foundation and the Mana Community Grants Foundation. The park is adjacent to the Pukerua Bay railway station, and replaces an old asphalt bowl which the City Council claims was the only purpose-built skatepark in the Southern Hemisphere when it opened in 1976.

A popular 10-kilometre walkway, the Escarpment Track, constructed as part of the national Te Araroa Trail, links Pukerua Bay with Paekākāriki. The walk features views to Kapiti Island.

Education
Pukerua Bay School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of  as of.

Following primary education, most students go to either Aotea College, Mana College, or Kāpiti College for their secondary school education. Pukerua Bay also has a kindergarten.

Notable residents
Prominent residents are author Gay Hay, former CEO of Meridian Energy Dr Keith Turner, actor Christopher Winchester, and artist Pauline Morse.

Former residents include poets Louis Johnston, Sam Hunt, James K. Baxter, Denis Glover, Meg Campbell, Alistair Campbell, composer Jenny McLeod, film editor John Gilbert, and actress Davina Whitehouse. Pukerua Bay is also the birthplace and childhood home of film director Peter Jackson, whose first feature film, Bad Taste, was filmed there. He later went on to direct the Lord of the Rings film trilogy and its prequel The Hobbit trilogy.

title: Pukerua Bay


text:
Fox 25

Fox 25 can refer to one of the following television stations in the United States that broadcast on channel 25 and carry the Fox affiliation:

 * KOKH-TV, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
 * WFXT, Boston, Massachusetts
 * WLAX, La Crosse, Wisconsin
 * WXXV-TV, Gulfport, Mississippi

 * Former
 * WOHL-CD, Lima, Ohio (during 1995–2009)

title: Fox 25


text: Boyjuice

title: Boyjuice


text:
Talk:Luis Walter Alvarez

Orphaned references in Luis Walter Alvarez
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Luis Walter Alvarez's orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "harv": From List of Bohemian Club members:  From James Watson: "Chairman of the Bored", Steven Shapin, Harvard Magazine, January–February 2008

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 21:13, 15 March 2015 (UTC)

Health
no talk of cancer from smoking or radiation? constant in many wikipedia aticles is absent info that coud lsave lives if publizied Juror1 (talk) 15:33, 6 August 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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Lead image
I feel like one should have full disclosure, so if you say something in an edit summary, and it's then dealt with, you say so.

So, I said the 1961 image and former lead had copyright problems. And it did: Pretty much everything said about the reasons for it being out of copyright were wrong. (see commons:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Luis Walter Alvarez 1961.jpg), but, as it happens, it's still out of copyright for completely different reasons (see previous link, or updated file description page for new reasoning).

Very briefly: It was being treated as an image created by the Nobel Prize Foundation in Sweden, despite predating his Nobel Prize by six years, and the argument for it being out of copyright was based on Swedish law. It was actually created at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California by Donald Cooksey - which, as you'd imagine, Swedish law is irrelevant to - but coincidentally, we had proof it was published without notice, which, at the time it was created, was a statuatory reason for things to go out of copyright in the U.S., so it's out of copyright after all but for a completely different reason. Which is a mess of a situation, but I've updated everything to the accurate information.

Now I think the new lead image is still sharper, more interesting, and a better choice, so I don't propose we change back to the previous image. Here's the images side by side:

I'd say the third one is a clear improvement on the others, so I'd say let's keep it as the lead, and maybe put one or the other of the old lead images further down in the article. But I don't want to mislead anyone, hence the full disclosure. Adam Cuerden (talk)Has about 8.6% of all FPs. 08:20, 12 November 2023 (UTC)

 * I prefer the source old lead image, hard to distinguish this guy from Michael Keaton in the new image. LegalSmeagolian (talk) 14:45, 24 April 2024 (UTC)

Featured picture scheduled for POTD
Hello! This is to let editors know that File:Luis Alvarez_with_a_magnetic_monopole_detector_-_Restoration.jpg, a featured picture used in this article, has been selected as the English Wikipedia's picture of the day (POTD) for April 24, 2024. A preview of the POTD is displayed below and can be edited at Template:POTD/2024-04-24. For the greater benefit of readers, any potential improvements or maintenance that could benefit the quality of this article should be done before its scheduled appearance on the Main Page. If you have any concerns, please place a message at Wikipedia talk:Picture of the day. Thank you! — Amakuru (talk) 10:21, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Luis Walter Alvarez


text:
Clavier à lumières

The clavier à lumières ("keyboard with lights"), or tastiera per luce, as it appears in the score, was a musical instrument invented by Alexander Scriabin for use in his work Prometheus: Poem of Fire. Only one version of this instrument was constructed, for the performance of Prometheus: Poem of Fire in New York City in 1915. The instrument was supposed to be a keyboard, with notes corresponding to colors as given by Scriabin's synesthetic system, specified in the score. However, numerous synesthesia researchers have cast doubt on the claim that Scriabin was a synesthete.

The "Luce" part is notated on a treble staff with two parts, one proceeding on the circle of fifths during the piece, the other following the tonal centre of the music.

Overview
Scriabin assigned the following colors to the following key areas:

When the notes are ordered by the circle of fifths, the colours are in order of a spectrum, which leads numerous synesthesia researchers to argue that he did not experience the physiological condition of synesthesia. Additionally, it has been argued that Scriabin's color associations were influenced by his theosophic readings and based on Sir Isaac Newton's Optics quoted by Louis Bertrand Castel:

Scriabin was a friend of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, who was a synesthete. Scriabin's assignments of colours to keys was not the same as Rimsky-Korsakov's perceptions, which is not an indication that Scriabin was not a synesthete as all synesthetes perceive different associations. Scriabin was also heavily influenced by Theosophy, which had its own different system of associating colors and pitches (in essence going up the visible spectrum from C to B chromatically, rather than by fifths).

title: Clavier à lumières


text: Manjuice

title: Manjuice


text:
Talk:Boyjuice

Wiktionary, if that. Delete. Wetman 02:18, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Boyjuice


text:
Talk:Seminole Wars

longest war in US history
The Philipine-American War (1899-1913) was the longest war in US history, not the Second Seminole War.
 * Yes, but it was the longest of the wars fought against Native Americans. I don't know how old your comment is, but this is reflected in the present version of the article. /2019-05-07
 * That comment has been there for three years. I've responded to this argument somewhere (not on this talk page) before. The WP article on that war says it lasted from February 4, 1899 to July 2, 1902, a little over three years. The article does note that resistance continued for nearly a decade after the declared end of the war. Of course, most recently, the US has been fighting in Afghanistan for 18 years. - Donald Albury 22:55, 7 May 2019 (UTC)

Numbers of combatants changed
Prior to 8/30/2005, this article stated that 4,000 Seminole warriors fought against as many as 200,000 U.S. soldiers during the Second Seminole War (SSW). A review of John Mahon's definitive history The Second Seminole War, or other sound sources, shows that the total population of the Seminole Indians in Florida was estimated at 4,000—this was the population of men, women, and children, not the total of the warriors. From the total population, Mahon and others have estimated a range of 900 to 1,400 Seminole allies who fought during the SSW. Of these allies, about 250 of them were estimated to be Black Seminoles.

These numbers, incidentally, do not include the 385-plus plantation slaves who joined the Black Seminoles during the war in 1836. Of those slave recruits, however, there are no firm ratios of warriors-to-non-combatants, so it is safer to stick to the known facts.

Changes were made 9/30/2005 to reflect these numbers.

The number "200,000" was also deleted from the reference to the U.S. soldiers participating in the SSW because it was wildly inflated. Again referring to Mahon, the definitive source, he states on page 325 of The Second Seminole War that 10,169 U.S. Army regulars served in Florida and another 30,000 or so men served in the state-raised militia units, for a total estimate of 40,000 who served. This was added to the revised text.

Austinbirdman 21:32, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

--

The First Seminole War
The sentence: "White settlers had previously attacked the had retaliated." is grammatically wrong and might mean "White settlers had previously attacked and the Seminoles had retailiated?" Is this what was meant? Johnor 22:26, 9 January 2006 (UTC)

Third Seminole War
After performing a minor cleanup on the current section for the Third Seminole War, a little research at this site revealed that the Third war allegedly began "when a party of soldiers led by Lieutenant George Hartsuff was attacked by Seminoles led by Billy Bowlegs (Holata Micco)", and not by an American attack on the Seminole crops as stated. If there are any obvious reasons for this that I have missed, please let me know!L3p3r 13:46, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

I have discussed this at length with one of my friends and historians who works at the Ah-Tah-Thi-Ki Museum at the Big Cypress Reservation. It does seem that what is known as the destruction of Billy Bowleg's banana plants seems to be more folklore without verified documentation. (Not wanting to say that it didn't happen, just that there is nothing to verify that it happened.) What seems more likely, is that survey of designated Indian land was a violation of the agreement between the U.S. and remaining Seminoles. The attack is now seen as a retaliation against the surveyors who were not suppose to be on Indian land. (Chris Kimball)

The last battle that I have found any information on was a skirmish "near Royal Palm Hammock village" on November 28, 1857. You can find more information on my webpage at: http://www.southernhistory.us/palmhammock.htm. There is a monument commemorating the event and Captain John Parkhill who was killed in the battle, on the lawn of the old capitol building in Tallahassee. --Christopher Kimball (talk) 08:31, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

Splitting the article
I've managed to make this article over 70,000 bytes long now, and there is still more to be added. I think it's time to split off the Second Seminole War into its own article. In order to carry over the edit history to that article, however, the current redirect would need to be deleted, and I'm not an admin. If anyone has any opinions on the proposed split, please let me know. -- Donald Albury 12:19, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

I've split the articles, and started trimming the Second Seminole War section here down to a summary. Much remians to be done. It may be desirable to spin some of the material off into other articles, especially as there are other sources that may require modifying or expanding the current text. We are fortunate that is so much published material available on this subject, but it is a lot of work to properly include it all in WP. -- Donald Albury 14:03, 1 November 2006 (UTC)

Would splitting The Patriots War of 1812 off into its own article be a good idea? I am currently reading a book (The Other War of 1812) and so I think, with the right amount of research, it could have its own article and will help shave down the size of this one. Amscheip (talk) 22:01, 23 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I started a draft (User:Donald Albury/Patriot War) nine years ago, but got bogged down in the preliminaries (note that the draft is over 13,000 bytes, but only covers up to 1811). also started a draft (User:Cuchullain/Patriot War) even earlier. You are welcome to plunder my draft. I would offer to help, but I have very little time available for working on article content this year. - Donald Albury 00:29, 24 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Ok, looks like you've already contributed a lot to this area. Awesome! I am new to article creation so what is the best/preferred method of working on the draft? Should I continue to edit what you started or is it better to copy and paste it over to my own Userpage? Amscheip (talk) 15:26, 24 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I can clean it up and move it to Draft space. I'll let you know where to look. - Donald Albury 20:30, 24 February 2022 (UTC)
 * I have moved it to Draft:Patriot War (Florida). Besides Seminole Wars, Republic of East Florida is also relevant. I have a copy of the Patrick book (Florida Fiasco), which is quite old. I might be able to access some of the other books, but I don't know when I will have time. - Donald Albury 21:29, 24 February 2022 (UTC)
 * that's great, thanks. I am a librarian in South West Florida, so I have some pretty good access to materials but, like you, it's more of accessibility to time that limits me.Amscheip (talk) 21:32, 24 February 2022 (UTC)

Material on David Moniac
This material does not belong here because this article provides only a brief summary of the major events of the Second Seminole War (the main article is at Second Seminole War) and this article is already too long. Details about David Moniac could go into an article about him, as long as they are properly cited from a reliable source. You can create an article three days after you register an account. -- Donald Albury 13:02, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

There is a marker to Moniac at the National Cemetery in Bushnell, Florida, administered under the VA. Although the marker is there, the body is not. Moniac was killed at the Battle of Wahoo Swamp, and according to the Prince diary his body was buried a few miles away, next to the fallen officers at the Dade Battlefield. It is mostly likely that Moniac's final remains were removed in 1842 and taken to St. Augustine to be placed in the vault with the other remains of Dade's men & other fallen 2nd Seminole War soldiers at the cemetery at St. Francis Barracks. --Christopher Kimball (talk) 08:07, 7 December 2007 (UTC)

Phillipine-American War
As the Phillipine-American War officially ended in 1902, it only lasted for 3 years. The Second Seminole War ran from 1835 until 1842, when it was officially declared to be over, but without any treaty and with the survivors of the Seminoles still in southern Florida. Conflicts continued to occur at a low level between the Seminoles and white settlers, Florida militia and US troops until the fighting flared up again in the Third Seminole War of 1856-58. By the criteria that would extend the fighting in the Phillipines until 1913, the conflict in Florida ran from 1835 until 1858 (23 years). That war also ended without a treaty. A treaty with the Seminoles was finally achieved in the 1960s. -- Donald Albury 11:04, 13 July 2009 (UTC)

There are three Seminole Wars, as the article says. You can't call three wars the longest war, any more than WWI and WWII count as one war. Erasmuse1 (talk) 20:12, 29 May 2016 (UTC)

Changes in info-box
Hi, I recently made changes to the info-box but I seen a lot of punctuation errors in the article. I see that I'm new to the article, so I'm goign to "clean-up" the English, therein. InternetHero (talk) 01:28, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

added citation for Adams-Onis Treaty Jessica.dyer (talk) 13:11, 8 December 2016 (UTC)

Military Stalemate?
I think this is a philosophical issue rather than numbers of dead or territory lost/gained. We see with the impending references below that the U.S. war department saw this as a pyrrhic victory as much as any commander can win a strategic gamble that decides the fate of a nation, but fail at politik. We experience this in the Iroquois Confederacy when tobacco and guns sales impede the representation of social trends.
 * | Photobucket: Dictionary of Wars.

 * | Dictionary of Wars.

 * | Pierre Berton.

 *

State-funded library(1). The link doesn't work go to the timeline at the bottom after the 'Seminole' redirection. It's about the House of Representatives granting a seat to the Seminoles. There were many debates about Andrew Jackson's methods during the wars, but I'll leave that be. In the end, it seems they wanted to pay them and bury the hatchet than simply winning, so maybe a military stalemate like that of Pontiac's Rebellion of he British. What ya'll think? Probably going to edit later next month and hope for a discussion first.

208.96.66.213 (talk) 23:14, 17 July 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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Recent Edit taking away credible references
"If there were a normal amount of dark matter those clusters would be speeding around at about 67,000 mph (108,000 kilometres per hour). Instead, the clusters were moving at about 18,000 mph (28,000 kilometres per hour). That's about how fast they would move if there were no dark matter at all, van Dokkum said."

Velocity is a Gross Force. Capacity as well as ATTRITION. I see no reason why the 'addition' of mass in almost every mathematical calc. doesn't apply here?

Normal Forces receive light from stars as well as NOT TOO much for life. 216.223.90.33 (talk) 20:42, 28 March 2018 (UTC)

Infobox summary
The conflict summary in the infobox should be very brief and include only the MOST important and all-encompassing facts. That's hard to do with a complicated series of conflicts such as this, but I just made an attempt, and should probably explain why I removed two factoids. 1) The state's offer of legislative representation for the Seminole took place well after the 3rd Seminole War (after the U.S. Civil War, also) and was not accepted. It belongs in the article text, of course, but not a brief conflict summary. 2) The last bullet point about paying the Seminoles to leave made it sound like they happily accepted bribes and left without much of a fight, pockets bulging with cash, which is obviously untrue. It's a complicated story that is told pretty well in the article, but again, it's far too small of a detail to be mentioned in the infobox.

Also, I have no idea why the wars were listed as ending in the 1930s when fighting ended in the 1850s. I changed that, too.

On a totally different subject, I assume that the discussion above was meant for a different talk page...? Zeng8r (talk) 14:01, 1 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Not compelling arguements, no references, lack of Neutrality (POV). I think the Admins will have to notified. 216.223.90.33 (talk) 18:54, 5 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Your comments above don't make sense. If you disagree with something, explain your reasoning here and we'll come to a consensus. As I mentioned above, the text you keep inserting into the infobox summary is misleading at best, as it mentions a few small details while leaving out the big picture. Also, listing the Seminole Wars as ending in the 1930s is incorrect; Seminoles in the Everglades were already setting up souvenir stands by that time. If you want to make sure that correct details are included in the main article text, please insert them in the appropriate sections with good references. Simply re-re-inserting them in the infobox with no explanation and then making threats on the talk page is not very collaborative. Zeng8r (talk) 20:50, 5 April 2018 (UTC)

You're adding nonsense it will not be accepted. I have a reference for everything. 216.223.90.33 (talk) 22:01, 17 April 2018 (UTC)

 * You haven't discussed why the consensus-built text should be radically changed, and your edit summaries have been both odd and insulting. If you're not here to seriously collaborate to make articles better, then you're in the wrong place. Zeng8r (talk) 22:16, 17 April 2018 (UTC)

 * I've contributed to this article from the early stages... You're just not making any sense. I referenced that the Seminole Wars were -->paid<-- to leave, adding multiple authors to credit this point of view (which you must have a neutral-retrospect in order to properly contribute btw), you've used the link I provided to not only create your own point of view, but deleted the links original purpose... I will be back in a year or two and we can resolve it then. Again: "Not compelling arguements, no references, lack of Neutrality (POV). I think the Admins will have to notified." 216.223.90.33 (talk) 18:54, 5 April 2018 (UTC)

 * I'm going to put aside your inexplicable claims of POV issues. The bullet points in the infobox are based closely on this timeline from the website of the official archives of the state of Florida. If you disagree with the summary, write to the folks in Tallahassee. Your encyclopedia article is not wrong, but you're trying to use it to emphasize minor details, namely negotiated payments to aid Seminole resettling in Oklahoma and a clause in Florida's short-lived post-Civil War constitution that offered representation to the Seminoles, an offer that was apparently ignored. Including those factoids into a very brief infobox summary while deleting bullet points that give a much broader view of events puts undue emphasis on relatively minor details and can be confusing for readers unfamiliar with the topic.
 * I still think the main issue is that you don't seem understand the purpose of an infobox, which is described in detail in the manual of style page linked earlier in this sentence. The lead/intro of a Wikipedia article provides a basic summary of the article's contents to give readers a basic understanding of the topic. Infoboxes should include only the very most important details, basically a bullet point summary of a summary. The list of bullet points in this infobox is FAR longer than average because the Seminole Wars were a complicated conflict that continued on and off for 40 years (not over a century, by the way). As it's already so long, you should not add minor details, especially details that can give a false impression of what happened, and ESPECIALLY at the expense of the big picture, which you keep trying to remove. It's very WP:UNDUE.

 * Again, feel free to add lots of well-referenced details to the main article text, where they can be better understood in their proper context. Zeng8r (talk) 22:40, 9 May 2018 (UTC)
 * addendum: You do realize that the payments are already mentioned in the lead, and both the payments and the offer of legislative representation are described in detail in the article text, right? Nobody's trying to remove valid info, just organize it. Zeng8r (talk) 12:02, 13 May 2018 (UTC)

“If the land were found suitable” is grammatically correct.
As in “if I were you”. “Were” is singular in the subjunctive. “Was” is wrong. See English subjunctive. deisenbe (talk) 17:28, 12 April 2018 (UTC)

Picture of book
Enough of this fake news, bribing, etc. Clearly stating Wiki-Rules isn't 'not making sense.' You need reference otherwise why would people believe anything you write??? They won't/don't. If this is insulting, I have news for you; the world is insulting far beyond this/that and the other thing(s) [books].Here's a picture of the book: http://i1047.photobucket.com/albums/b480/Ketto_Shi/adsda_zpswv7idxua.jpg. 216.223.90.33 (talk) 19:48, 27 April 2018 (UTC)

 * That's a nice photo from a good source, and it clearly states that the 3rd Seminole War ended in 1858. Why do you keep changing it to a date 80 years later, generations after the conflict was over? Besides that, as I keep saying, the items you keep inserting into the infobox are not 100% incorrect, but they're very misleading as to the big picture, especially since you keep deleting items that actually do a good job summarizing the complex events described in much more detail in the article text. And the items you marked as "citation needed" are all cited in the article (and, by the way, are extremely basic for anyone who knows Florida history). While excessive citations are usually not included in infoboxes, I went ahead and added a couple more online references in the hope that you'll improve your background knowledge before attempting to contribute again.
 * And though I hardly ever play the expert card, I can't help mentioning that I have lots of books on Florida history myself; an entire six-foot tall bookshelf full of them, actually. That's because I have a history degree from the University of Florida and have taught history and written related educational materials for 15 years, in Florida. So, there's that. Zeng8r (talk) 23:24, 27 April 2018 (UTC)

 * You're also using the link I provided and NOT using a | Neutral Point of View? While You're allowed to edit in Wikipedia, you can't make up facts. The 'timeline' doesn't say anything remotely to what you posted... I will be back in a few months. Thanks for your time. As for your 'degree' in history; diploma-politics is not my thing as history is written by people who hanged heros (BraveHeart). Also, I don'[t know why you chose to distinguish my edits from the link provided (which I found) about Representative Government.I'm willing to work with you on this and I admit I thought you were vandalizing the page.

"Not compelling arguements, no references, lack of Neutrality (POV). I think the Admins will have to notified. 18:54, 5 April 2018 (UTC)."

 * 216.223.90.33 (talk) 19:30, 3 May 2018 (UTC)

Length of the article and its results
Howdy. Well first off I'd like to point out this article's excessive length, mentioning every detail of what happened in the results section year-by-year is impractical to say the least and unnecessary. That's what the description section is for. Not to mention the amount of references used, some of which contradict one another. Aside from that, a military stalemate doesn't end in one belligerent forcing the other out of their territory and occupying it. Given that the Seminoles lost their territory, I hardly see that as an accurate ending result for the conflict. Could someone weigh in on this? Much obliged. MarkMcCain (talk) 07:49, 3 January 2019 (UTC)
 * The article covers four wars (the Patriot War in East Florida has recently been added) which extended from 1812 to 1858, so there is a lot to cover. I carved out the Second Seminole War to its own article 12 years ago. That is now about 74,000 bytes long. Perhaps it is time to move the First and Third Seminole Wars to their own articles, shorten the Second Seminole War section, and reduce this article to a summary of the wars. As for contradictory sources, we need to note where reliable sources disagree. That does happen. I personally think the infobox is overstuffed, but I don't usually edit infoboxes. - Donald Albury 14:42, 3 January 2019 (UTC)

 * As Mr. Albury pointed out, this is quite a complicated article topic, with lots of convoluted background and three distinct periods of conflict along with smaller flare-ups that were more or less related. Making a separate article about the 2nd Seminole War was a good idea, but I'm not sure if the other two would work independently, especially the third war. You'd have to give so much background about earlier events to make it understandable that it may be best to just leave it here.
 * The lead does a pretty good job summarizing everything, and while the infobox was probably overstuffed, now it's understuffed, imo. There should be at least one bullet point for each of the three Seminole Wars, with dates and a very brief summary of what happened.
 * I don't know what "conflicting" sources you're referring to. A lot of early Florida history (especially before the 1830s) is not well documented, and the main text of the article includes some (cited) conjecture and uncertainty, which can vary slightly from source to source. Don't know of any direct contradictions, but I haven't worked on some sections of the main text so I may have missed something. Different possibilities should definitely be highlighted.
 * Finally, the overall conflict was a stalemate from a very narrow military viewpoint, as neither side was able to decisively defeat the other on the battlefield; the Seminoles (most of them, anyway) gave up the fight because the US Army attacked their food supply. Since the current description is misleading, feel free to come up with something better. --Zeng8r (talk) 15:58, 3 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Alright, I appreciate everyone taking the time to weigh in on the topic here. MarkMcCain (talk) 00:30, 4 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Is this one of the places you saw contradictory references?
 * "There is no consensus about the beginning and ending dates for the First Seminole War. The U.S. Army Infantry indicates that it lasted from 1814 until 1819. The U.S. Navy Naval Historical Center gives dates of 1816–1818. Another Army site dates the war as 1817–1818. Finally, the unit history of the 1st Battalion, 5th Field Artillery describes the war as occurring solely in 1818."

 * The cites are all to US military web sites. They disagree. All we can do is quote reliable sources, and attribute variants to the proper sources. Short of finding a number of reliable sources that agree on one beginning date and one ending date, I don't known how else to handle a situation like that. - Donald Albury 18:19, 4 January 2019 (UTC)

Flagicons for commanders and leaders
Adding flagicons to Alexander Arbuthnot and Robert Ambrister given that they represented arms of the British armed forces (Royal Marines and Colonial Marines, respectively). If anyone has any objections, please feel free to say so here. MarkMcCain (talk) 20:13, 4 January 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Seminole Wars


text: Category:Major County, Oklahoma

title: Category:Major County, Oklahoma


text:
Talk:Oregon Territory

Seal
The Seal of Oregon on the left was recently replaced by with the seal on the right. The new one is clearly much higher quality; but they are different seals. Anybody know why there were two, what distinguished them, etc.? (discussion might make more sense at Talk:Seal of Oregon -- I'm putting this question there as well.) -Pete (talk) 00:21, 4 April 2015 (UTC)

 * The one I put up (at the right) is from Hubert Howe Bancroft (1888), also the source of the seal up at Washington Territory. The one on the left has a phony baloney modern colorization scheme going and I trust that one as far as I can throw it. Carrite (talk) 00:42, 4 April 2015 (UTC)

title: Talk:Oregon Territory


text:
Prometheus: The Poem of Fire

Prometheus: The Poem of Fire, Op. 60 (1910), is a tone poem by the Russian composer Alexander Scriabin for piano, orchestra, optional choir, and clavier à lumières or "Chromola" (a color organ invented by Preston Millar, in fact rarely featured in performances of the piece, including those during Scriabin's lifetime). Prometheus is only loosely based on the myth of Prometheus. It premiered in Moscow on 2 March 1911. A typical performance lasts about 20 minutes.

Structure
The music is complex and triadic only in an idiosyncratic sense, based almost entirely around various inversions and transpositions of Scriabin's matrix sonority: A D♯ G C♯ F♯ B. Sabaneyev referred to this chord, which opens the work in an eerily static fashion, as the "chord of Prometheus". It has subsequently become known as the "mystic chord". But after unrelieved dissonance throughout, the symphonic poem ends with a resplendent F-sharp major triad, the only conventionally consonant sonority in the entire composition.

Color organ
The part for color organ is notated on a staff of its own, in treble clef at the top of the score, and consists of two parts: one changes with the harmony, and always goes to the root note of the prevailing harmony, and thus produces the color Scriabin associated with each key; the other consists of much longer notes sustained through many bars, and does not appear to be related to the harmony (or therefore to the first part), but for the most part slowly rises up the scale a whole-tone at a time, the changes being several pages of score apart, or a minute or two apart. It is not clear what relationship this part has to the first part, or to the music as a whole. The score does not explain how two different colors are to be presented at the same time during a performance. This color organ part also contains three parts briefly at one point in the score (bars 305-308, right before rehearsal 30).

Sources differ on what Scriabin's intentions were for the realization of the color organ part: many state that the colors were meant to be shown on a screen in front of the audience; but others say that the colors were intended to flood the entire concert hall and that showing them on a screen was merely the compromise adopted after flooding the concert hall was found impossible or impracticable. The score itself contains no indications about how this is meant to be handled.

Scoring
The work is scored for the following instruments.

 * Woodwinds
 * 3 flutes
 * piccolo
 * 3 oboes
 * English horn
 * 3 clarinets
 * bass clarinet
 * 3 bassoons
 * contrabassoon

 * Brass
 * 8 horns
 * 5 trumpets
 * 3 trombones
 * tuba

 * Percussion
 * timpani

 * glockenspiel
 * tubular bells
 * cymbals
 * tam-tam
 * triangle
 * bass drum

 * Keyboard
 * clavier à lumières (ad lib)
 * celesta
 * piano solo
 * organ

 * Strings
 * 2 harps

 * violin I
 * violin II
 * violas
 * cellos
 * double basses

 * Voice
 * chorus (ad lib)

Notable performances
The premiere was conducted by Serge Koussevitzky in Moscow on 2 March 1911. On 21 March 1915 it was first performed with colored lighting, by the Russian Symphony Orchestra with Marguerite Volavy on piano, conducted by Modest Altschuler, at Carnegie Hall. Altschuler and Scriabin were contemporaries at the Moscow Conservatory in the early 1890s.

Sir Henry Wood had plans to conduct Prometheus with the part for clavier à lumières, but World War I prevented the performance. The work was performed with colored lighting for the first time in England on 4 May 1972, by the London Symphony Orchestra under Elyakum Shapirra at the Royal Albert Hall.

For a description of several other performances employing novel approaches to color realization in this work, see Hugh MacDonald, The Musical Times 124 (1983) pp. 600–602.

In 2006, the Russian pianist Andrej Hoteev realized a project at Greater Hall of the Laeiszhalle Hamburg: as soloist accompanied by the Hamburg Symphony Orchestra conducted by Andrey Boreyko he presented the authentic colour light score with Scriabin's intended clavier à lumières rediscovered by himself.

In 2010, the Yale Symphony Orchestra, under the conductor Toshiyuki Shimada and in collaboration with the Yale Department of Music and doctoral candidate Anna Gawboy, performed the work with clavier à lumières and full hall lighting using directions from Scriabin's notes.

In 2023, the Antwerp Symphony Orchestra commissioned a radical new light scenography to accompany the piece, made by Brussels artist Antoine Goldschmidt.

Transcription
Leonid Sabaneyev transcribed the symphonic poem for two pianos (four hands) in 1911. When he initially proposed this, Scriabin was of the opinion that at least eight hands would be necessary, and the composer was reportedly somewhat disconcerted when he realized that his piece could be reduced in this way.

title: Prometheus: The Poem of Fire


text:
Cornelius the First

Cornelius the First (died April 3, 2013) was a black rhinoceros at the Granby Zoo in Granby, Quebec, Canada.

Political candidature
Cornelius was the nominal leader of the federal political party, the Rhinoceros Party of Canada from 1965 to 1993. The party attracted a considerable number of votes in Canadian elections 1979, 1980 and 1984, sometimes even coming in second place in some ridings, but never elected a candidate to the House of Commons of Canada.

The Party was inspired by Cacareco, a rhinoceros at the São Paulo zoo in Brazil, which was a candidate for the 1958 city council elections with the intention of protesting against political corruption. Electoral officials did not accept Cacareco's candidacy, but he eventually won 100,000 votes, more than any other party in that election (which was also marked by rampant absenteeism). Today, the term "Voto Cacareco" (Cacareco vote) is commonly used to describe protest votes in Brazil.

During the Canadian federal election of 1984, the party made a major part of their platform declaring war on Belgium because a Belgian cartoon character, Tintin, killed a rhinoceros in one of the early works of the comics series. The party offered to call off the threatened Belgium-Canada war if Belgium delivered a case of mussels and a case of Belgian beer to Rhinoceros "Hindquarters" in Montreal (the Belgian Embassy in Ottawa went through with it).

United States
The Granby Zoo eventually traded Cornelius to the San Diego Zoo in exchange for a giraffe. The San Diego Zoo loaned him to the Caldwell Zoo, where he fathered an offspring on January 6, 2003.

Death
Cornelius died on April 3, 2013, at the Caldwell Zoo. A news report indicated he "was suffering from pneumonia and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was present in his lungs".

title: Cornelius the First


text:
Consolidated Edison

Consolidated Edison, Inc., commonly known as Con Edison (stylized as conEdison) or ConEd, is one of the largest investor-owned energy companies in the United States, with approximately $12 billion in annual revenues as of 2017, and over $62 billion in assets. The company provides a wide range of energy-related products and services to its customers through its subsidiaries:
 * Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. (CECONY), a regulated utility providing electric and gas service in New York City and Westchester County, New York, and steam service in the borough of Manhattan;
 * Orange and Rockland Utilities, Inc., a regulated utility serving customers in a 1300 sqmi area in southeastern New York and northern New Jersey; and,
 * Con Edison Transmission, Inc., which invests in electric and natural gas transmission projects.

In 2015, electric revenues accounted for 70.35% of consolidated sales (70.55% in 2014); gas revenues 13.61% (14.96% in 2014); steam revenues 5.01% (4.86% in 2014); and non-utility revenues of 11.02% (9.63% in 2014).

History

In March 1823, Con Edison's earliest corporate predecessor, the New York Gas Light Company, was founded by a consortium of New York City investors. A year later, it was listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Due to the Board of Aldermen's authority to grant franchises in the City of New York in the early to mid-19th century, interaction with Tammany Hall was required to expand the business. By William M. Tweed's reign in the late 1860s as the boss of Tammany Hall, the power to authorize franchises lay with the County Board of Supervisors, of which Tweed had been a member. By 1871, Tweed was a member of the board of the Harlem Gas Light Company, a precursor to the Consolidated Edison Company. In 1884, six gas companies combined into the Consolidated Gas Company.

The New York Steam Company began providing service in Lower Manhattan in 1882. Today, Con Edison operates the largest commercial steam system in the world, providing steam service to nearly 1,600 commercial and residential establishments in Manhattan from Battery Park to 96th Street.

Con Edison's electric business also dates back to 1882, when Thomas Edison's Edison Illuminating Company of New York began supplying electricity to 59 customers in a square-mile area in lower Manhattan. After the "war of currents", more than 30 companies were generating and distributing electricity in New York City and Westchester County. But by 1920 there were far fewer, and the New York Edison Company (then part of Consolidated Gas) was the leader.

In 1936, with electric sales far outstripping gas sales, the company incorporated and the name was changed to Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc. The years that followed brought further amalgamations as Consolidated Edison acquired or merged with more than a dozen companies between 1936 and 1960. Con Edison today is the result of acquisitions, dissolutions, and mergers of more than 170 individual electric, gas, and steam companies.

Consolidated Edison acquired land on the Hudson River in Buchanan, NY, in 1954 for the Indian Point nuclear power plant. The first reactor (Indian Point 1) began generating power on September 16, 1962. The reactor was shut down on October 31, 1974, because the emergency core cooling system did not meet regulatory requirements. The company built two more reactors at Indian Point during the 1970s: Indian Point 2 and 3. Indian Point 3 was sold to the New York Power Authority in 1975. Entergy acquired Indian Point 2 in November 2000, nine months after a steam generator leak. With the sale of Indian Point 2, the last power plant it owned, Consolidated Edison, Inc. became primarily an energy distributor.

On January 1, 1998, following the deregulation of the utility industry in New York State, a holding company, Consolidated Edison, Inc., was formed. It is one of the nation's largest investor-owned energy companies, with approximately $13 billion in annual revenues and $47 billion in assets. The company provides a wide range of energy-related products and services to its customers through two regulated utility subsidiaries and three competitive energy businesses. Under several corporate names, the company has been traded on the NYSE without interruption since 1824—longer than any other NYSE stock. Its largest subsidiary, Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc., provides electric, gas, and steam service to more than 3 million customers in New York City and Westchester County, New York, an area of 660 sqmi with a population of nearly 9 million. Also in 1998, Consolidated Edison, Inc. acquired Orange & Rockland Utilities, which is operated separately.

Con Edison had invested $3 billion in solar and wind projects. In September 2017 it was announced that the company would invest $1.25 billion in "renewable energy production facilities over the next three years."

The company's "renewable portfolio" contained more than 1.5 gigawatts of operating capacity. Seventy-five percent of that capacity came from solar energy. Clean energy accounted for around eight percent of the company's earnings, as of fall 2017. Con Edison sold its clean energy business to RWE in 2023.

Clean energy
To support electric vehicles, Con Edison partnered with the company FleetCarma to provide $500 in rewards to owners of electric vehicles in New York City and Westchester County, New York. Through this program, Con Edison pays customers to charge their vehicles when energy demand is low.

Electrical
The Con Edison electrical transmission system utilizes voltages of 138 kilovolts (kV), 345 kV, and 500 kV. The company has two 345 kV interconnections with upstate New York that enable it to import power from Hydro-Québec in Canada and one 345 kV interconnection each with Public Service Electric and Gas (PSE&G) in New Jersey and Long Island. Con Edison's connection with Hydro-Québec is via a series of transmission lines owned by the New York Power Authority and neighboring utilities; a more direct connection via the Champlain Hudson Power Express HVDC line is expected to come online in 2025.

Con Edison is also interconnected with PSE&G via the Branchburg-Ramapo 500 kV line. Con Ed's distribution voltages are 33 kV, 27 kV, 13 kV, and 4 kV.

The 93000 mi of underground cable in the Con Edison system could wrap around the Earth 3.6 times. Nearly 36000 mi of overhead electric wires complement the underground system—enough cable to stretch between New York and Los Angeles 13 times.

Gas
The Con Edison gas system has nearly 7200 mi of pipes—if laid end to end, long enough to reach Paris and back to New York City, and serves Westchester County, the Bronx, Manhattan, and parts of Queens. Gas service in Brooklyn, Staten Island, and the rest of Queens is provided by National Grid USA's New York City operations, except the Rockaway peninsula, which is serviced by National Grid's Long Island operations. The average volume of gas that travels through Con Edison's gas system annually could fill the Empire State Building nearly 6,100 times.

Steam
Con Edison produces 30 billion pounds of steam each year through its seven power plants which boil water to 1000 F before distributing it to hundreds of buildings in the New York City steam system, which is the biggest district steam system in the world. Steam traveling through the system is used to heat and cool some of New York's most famous addresses, including the United Nations complex, the Empire State Building, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Metering
The Smart Meter Project was awarded to Aclara Smart Grid Solutions (electric) and the majority of the rollout was completed in 2022 with several thousand meters still needing to be changed in 2023 due to customer access issues. ConEd utilized Aclara's metering products for field installation. Over five million electric and gas meters were replaced in this project. Lime green-colored seals were used on electric meters to indicate that the meter was changed by a contractor.

Programs and resources
ConEd offers a variety of programs and resources for its customers and stakeholders, organized in such categories as, "For Renters", "For Residential Owners", "For Small & Medium Businesses", "For Commercial & Industrial", "Business Partners", "Investors", "Community Affairs", and "Municipalities". Examples of such resources include:
 * CONCERN Program, which offers eligible customers a specially trained representative and advice about government aid programs, safety tips, and ways to save money on one's energy bill
 * Quarterly Billing Plan, which allows senior citizens, whose Con Edison bills are less than $420 a year, to receive bills once every three months (in March, June, September, and December), rather than once a month
 * SPOTLIGHT, Con Edison's newsletter

Community partnerships
Con Edison contributes substantial funding and volunteer hours to many non-profit organizations and learning centers including New York Botanical Garden, Hudson Valley Groundworks Science Barge, Teatown Reservation, Jay Heritage Center, and the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum.

Leadership and associations

 * Timothy P. Cawley, Chairman, president and Chief Executive Officer, Consolidated Edison, Inc.
 * Matt Ketschke, president, Con Edison of New York
 * Robert Sanchez, president and CEO, Orange and Rockland Utilities, Inc.
 * Mark Noyes, president and CEO, Con Edison Energy, Con Edison Development, and Con Edison Solutions
 * Joseph P. Oates, president and CEO, Con Edison Transmission
 * Robert N. Hoglund, senior vice president and chief financial officer
 * Sylvia Dooley, vice president and corporate secretary
 * Nancy Shannon, vice president, Human Resources
 * Joseph Miller, vice president, controller and chief accounting officer
 * Yukari Saegusa, vice president and treasurer
 * Deneen L. Donnley, senior vice president and general counsel
 * Scott Sanders, vice president, Business Finance

ConEd Solutions is a member of Real Estate Board of New York.

Major accidents and incidents

 * 1977: All of New York City, with the exception of the Rockaways - which get their power from the Long Island Lighting Company (LILCo) - was blacked out overnight on July 13 and 14, due to lightning strikes on a number of sub-stations and the resulting failures of interconnects in the power grid.
 * 1989: A steam pipe explosion in Gramercy Park killed three, injured 24, and required the evacuation of a damaged apartment building due to high levels of asbestos in the air. Workers had failed to drain water from the pipe before turning the steam on. The utility also eventually pleaded guilty to lying about the absence of asbestos contamination, and paid a $2 million fine.
 * 2001: The Con Edison electricity substation at 7 World Trade Center was destroyed on September 11th as a result of the collapse of Numbers 1 and 2 World Trade Center following a terrorist attack by Muslim extremists against the United States.
 * 2004: In Manhattan, stray voltage killed East Village resident Jodie Lane and her dog when she stepped on a service box that wasn't properly insulated. The corner of East 11th Street and 1st Avenue, where the incident occurred, was given the alternate name of Jodie Lane Place in 2005.
 * 2006: After the blackout in Queens, the company was criticized by public officials for a poor record in the restoration of service to its customers.
 * 2007: On July 18, an explosion occurred in midtown Manhattan near Grand Central Terminal when an 83-year-old Con Edison steam pipe failed, resulting in one death, over 40 injuries, as well as subway and surface disruptions.
 * 2007: The day before Thanksgiving, an explosion critically burned Queens resident Kunta Oza when an 80-year-old cast iron gas main ruptured. Oza died on Thanksgiving Day, and her family later settled with Con Edison for $3.75 million.
 * 2009: Another gas explosion claimed a life in Queens while Con Edison personnel were on the scene. There was a leak in a manhole and a fault in an electrical feeder at the same time. The fault in the feeder caused the explosion due to the sparks being generated. When the mechanic opened the manhole more oxygen entered and the explosion took place. Due to that event, Con Edison has changed its procedure on outside gas leak calls.
 * 2012:
 * On October 29, flooding from Hurricane Sandy caused a transformer explosion at a Con-Ed plant on New York City's East Side.
 * During the storm, Con Edison used social media to get outage and restoration information out to customers. The company's Twitter account gained an extra 16,000 followers during the storm.
 * Con Edison's subsidiary, Orange & Rockland Utilities, was criticized for its response to Hurricane Sandy. Some customers experienced a loss of electrical power for 11 days.
 * 2014: On March 12, two apartment buildings exploded in East Harlem after a reported Con Edison gas leak. Eight people were killed in the massive explosion that reduced the conjoining buildings to rubble.
 * 2018: After 9 p.m. on December 27, a transformer short-circuit at a ConEd power plant in Astoria, Queens shut down La Guardia Airport for several hours - until it switched to back-up generators - caused extensive delays on the #7 subway line, and an outage on Rikers Island, until it, too, reverted to back-up equipment. The incident caused a large portion of the sky in the surrounding area to be lit up by blue light that was caused by arc flashes, in which light-emitting atoms of excited gas, called plasma, are projected into the air. The arc flashes probably lasted only a few minutes, but because of meteorological conditions which caused them to be refracted, they were seen across a large portion of the New York City metropolitan area. There was no explosion or fire connected to the electrical surge, and no reported injuries. The New York Police Department reported that 911 calls increased from 500 in the half-hour before the event to over 3,200 in the 30 minutes afterwards. ConEd is investigating the cause of the surge in equipment that was intended to monitor voltage in the electrical sub-station, but suspects that the problem was a malfunctioning of its relay system. The lights were nicknamed the "Astoria Borealis" on Twitter.
 * 2019: On the night of July 13 a significant portion of Manhattan saw a blackout due to a Consolidated Edison cable that burnt out in a transformer on West End Avenue. The blackout, which lasted for about three hours, shut down a number of subway stations, much of the West Side from the 40s to 72nd Street, parts of Times Square and Rockefeller Center, and other areas, resulting in an estimated 73,000 customers losing power. The outage fell on the anniversary of the 1977 blackout, where most of the city lost power.
 * 2020: During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, 170 Con Edison employees tested positive for COVID-19 and three died. Consolidated Edison said they would not shut off service due to non-payment related to the health crisis and would waive any new late-payment charges for customers.

Bribery prosecution
On January 14, 2009, eleven Con Edison supervisors were arrested for demanding more than $1 million in kickbacks related to work done by a construction company that was repairing the Midtown steam pipe eruption of 2007. According to federal prosecutors, the employees had approved payment for work that was unnecessary or not performed and promised faster payment for some work performed by the construction company in exchange for the bribes. The FBI had two retired Con Edison employees and the president of the construction company wear recording devices that recorded the suspects demanding bribes of between $1000 and $5000. Later that year Con Edison sued Brendan Maher, one of the construction supervisors who was arrested and later admitted to taking bribes that the utility company claimed amounted to $10,000.

In April 2016, Con Edison agreed to pay over $171 million, about 1.5% of its annual revenue, back to its customers in compensation for harm resulting from the bribery. The Public Service Commission had found that Con Edison failed to supervise the employees. Con Edison admitted no wrongdoing.

Honors and criticism
● In March 2002, Fortune magazine named the company as one of "America's Most Admired Companies" in the publication's newest corporate ranking survey. In 2003, Con Edison ranked second on the top ten list for electric and gas utilities.

● In December 2011, the non-partisan organization Public Campaign released a report criticizing ConEd for spending $1.8 million on lobbying and not paying any taxes during 2008–2010, instead getting $127 million in tax rebates, despite making a profit of $4.2 billion, and increasing executive pay by 82% to $17.4 million in 2010 for its top five executives.

● In 2014, Con Edison was named the #1 utility and #16 overall among corporations, in Newsweek's Green Rankings, and one of the 50 best companies for Latinas by Latina Style Magazine. In its "Best of the Best" issue in 2015, Hispanic Network Magazine named the company a top employer among energy, gas, and oil companies. Con Edison was also selected as one of the top regional utilities by DiversityInc magazine in 2014. In 2016, the company was listed among America's best large employers by Forbes.

● In February 2021, The Energy and Policy Institute criticized Con Edison for touting clean energy while investing in Gas Infrastructure. This is unclean fracked gas. (Fracked gas is methane gas produced by hydraulic fracturing.) The article explained, "A recent analysis of utility executive compensation by the Energy and Policy Institute found that Con Edison’s executive compensation policies include renewable energy growth as components of broader goals, but do not reward executives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Unclean energy
Con Edison purchases methane gas collected through the process of hydraulic fracturing. This is not green energy, nor is it sustainable energy. Hydraulically fractured gas is a potent greenhouse gas. In a recent letter to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Con Edison supported Kinder Morgan’s East 300 Upgrade Project, in environmentally protected lands in NJ. This expansion includes two additional compressor stations, in West Milford and Wantage, NJ. Con Edison buys gas that is transported from the Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania, to Westchester NY, via Kinder Morgan's Tennessee Gas Pipeline, 300 Line. The compressor stations on this pipeline routinely blow down toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contained in the gas. The new compressor stations, supported by Con Edison, will blow VOCs over the protected Highland Forest and water sources of northern New Jersey. Recent studies show that the death rate increases in counties with compressor stations. This will affect Passaic County and Sussex County NJ.

In addition to the carbon impact from burning natural gas, generators receive gas under an "interruptible" service. This means that the generator will pay a preferential rate for their gas and in return will switch to using much more polluting oil during times when the gas supply is strained. This both lowers the cost of the generated electricity, making renewables less competitive, and increases the carbon footprint. NYS also decommissioned the two nuclear generating stations at Indian Point, which was responsible for satisfying a portion of the City's energy requirement. This capacity was replaced with gas and oil plants, increasing the carbon footprint.

Stop tags
When a New York City contractor is unable to repair a reported nonfunctioning or malfunctioning street light, traffic light or pedestrian Walk/Don't Walk light because of a failure in the power to the affected unit, a stop tag is assigned by Con Ed. When a caller to NYC's 311 asks for followup information about a reported outage, they're told the stop tag number, and told to call Con Ed at 800-752-6633 (800-75-CON-ED).

The New York Times wrote that it can take over two years for some repairs. Sometimes an entire fixture must be removed, repaired, then returned. Other times the streets must be torn up to replace underground wiring. Temporary fixes, using what was described as "nothing more than overhead extension cords" (called "Shunts") at times are left in place for an extended period. In 2017 Con Ed committed to repair "at least 90% ... within 90 days."

Adaptive re-use of former Con Ed buildings
A former Con Edison building on West 53rd Street in Manhattan was converted first into the studio for the television game show Let's Make a Deal, and later into a recording studio called "Power Station" because of its Edison history. In 1996, the studio was renamed Avatar Studios and then in 2017 back to "Power Station".

In 1978, Con Edison sold the Excelsior Power Company Building, a former substation on Gold Street in Manhattan's Financial District. It was renovated into an apartment building, and became a New York City designated landmark in 2016.

title: Consolidated Edison


text: File:Google Answers using Wikipedia.png

title: File:Google Answers using Wikipedia.png


text:
Antoine-Denis Chaudet

Antoine-Denis Chaudet (3 March 1763 – 19 April 1810) was a French sculptor who worked in the neoclassical style. He was born and died in Paris.

Life and work
He began his artistic training as a student of Jean-Baptiste Stouf at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. In 1784 his bas-relief, Joseph Sold into Slavery by His Brothers, was awarded the Prix-de-Rome. This enabled him to study at the French Academy in Rome, where he spent four years studying ancient sculpture.

On his return to France in 1789, he was admitted to the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. In 1801 he took part in illustrating an edition of the collected works of Jean Racine, published by Firmin Didot. Most of these were Biblical scenes. Around that same time, he married one of his students, Jeanne-Elisabeth Gabiou. He also collaborated with Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine and Charles Percier on architectural projects.

In 1805, he became a member of the Institute of France. In February 1810, he took the post of Professor-Rector at the École des Beaux-Arts, replacing Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée, who had died several years before. He died himself, only two months later. He was interred at the Montparnasse Cemetery. The Louvre holds collections of his sketches and manuscript notes.

In 1812, Napoleon transported Chaudet's marble statue of him to Moscow, to install it in a prominent place there. It is currently on display at the Borodino Panorama Museum.

Notable works

 * Peace (Pax, c. 1800 - 1810)
 * Busts of Emperor Napoleon and Empress Joséphine (exhibited 1811)
 * L'Amour (Cupid and the Butterfly), completed posthumously by Pierre Cartellier (1817), (Louvre Museum)
 * Joseph Sold Into Slavery by his Brothers (bas-relief, (1784)
 * The infant Oedipus and Phorbas (1799). Shown at the Salon of 1801, it was completed by Pierre Cartellier (1757–1831) and Louis Dupaty (1771–1825) after Chaudet's death.

title: Antoine-Denis Chaudet


text:
Piano Sonata No. 9 (Scriabin)

The Piano Sonata No. 9, Op. 68, commonly known as the Black Mass Sonata, is one of the late piano sonatas composed by Alexander Scriabin. The work was written around 1912–1913. Although its nickname was not invented by Scriabin (unlike the nickname White Mass given to his Seventh Sonata), he approved of it.

Structure and content
The ninth sonata is a single movement. It typically lasts 8–10 minutes, and is marked as follows:

 * 1) Moderato quasi andante – Molto meno vivo – Allegro molto – Alla marcia – Allegro – Presto – Tempo primo

Like Scriabin's other late works, the piece is highly chromatic. The Black Mass Sonata is particularly dissonant because many of its themes are based around an interval of a minor ninth, one of the most unstable sounds. Its marking 'legendaire' exactly captures the sense of distant mysterious wailing which grows in force and menace. The opening theme is constantly transformed, from the early trill arpeggio's sounding unsettling and then completely shifting, eventually tumbling in rapid cascades into a grotesque march. Scriabin builds a continuous structure of mounting complexity and tension, and pursues the combination of themes with unusual tenacity, eventually reaching a climax as harsh as anything in his music. The piece ends with the original theme reinstated.

Like Scriabin's other sonatas, it is both technically and musically highly demanding for the pianist, sometimes extending to three staves as opposed to the standard two used in piano music.

Recordings
One of Scriabin's better-known works, the ninth sonata has been recorded and performed extensively, notably by Vladimir Horowitz, Vladimir Sofronitsky, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Sviatoslav Richter, Andrej Hoteev, Garrick Ohlsson, Burkard Schliessmann and Pietro Scarpini.

title: Piano Sonata No. 9 (Scriabin)