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Ys VI: The Ark of Napishtim

Ys VI: The Ark of Napishtim is a 2003 action role-playing game developed by Nihon Falcom. It was first released for Windows before being ported by Konami to the PlayStation 2 in 2005 and the PlayStation Portable in 2006.

The Ark of Napishtim was the first English release of the series since Ys III: Wanderers from Ys in the early 1990s and the first to be released in Europe since Ys I: Ancient Ys Vanished. A Windows version was released by Xseed Games in 2015. Ys VI was used as a base for Ys Online: The Ark of Napishtim, a free-to-play MMORPG that released in the early 2020s.

Gameplay
Ys VI expands on the mechanics introduced in Ys III and V in that players are given much more control over Adol including the ability to jump and control his attacks and various magics. Areas are presented in 3D graphics. Character, monster and minor bosses are presented using pre-rendered 3D sprites. Larger bosses are presented using full 3D models.

Plot
The story begins after Adol's ship is attacked by a fleet of Romun ships. Forced to sail into an unknown area, they encounter a large storm. Adol is swept off the vessel while trying to rescue a fellow sailor and washed ashore by the vortex that surrounds the Canaan Islands. He is found, unconscious, by the nieces of the chieftain of the nearby Rehda village, Olha and Isha, who are the daughters of his brother that died when battling with fellow Redha against the Wandering Calamity. The girls take him to their village and lay him to rest in their Uncle Ord's house. Adol hears them talking about him and wakes up briefly, afterwards going back to sleep because of his exhaustion. His adventure then begins.

Windows
The initial release of the game was the "Limited Edition". After this sold out, Falcom released a standard edition of the game with some new features. Two new difficulties and a Time Attack mini-game where the player fights through all the game's bosses were added. However, there was never a patch or upgrade released to initial buyers, so players wanting these new features had to buy the game again. Years later, Falcom would similarly add features to Ys Origin; this time, initial buyers were offered an upgrade disc for the cost of shipping. The game was later released by Xseed Games via Steam on April 28, 2015.

PlayStation 2
Konami made several additions and changes when porting the game to the PlayStation 2. The most notable were the inclusion of both English and Japanese voice acting to all characters (including NPCs) and several new optional areas referred to as "Alma's Trials". While the Japanese voice acting could be selected in the NTSC-U version, the PAL version had all Japanese voice acting removed. Konami also added new FMV sequences, though the original animated sequences could still be selected through a code. Blood and gore effects were removed due to console games requiring a rating. Lastly, they changed the character and monster graphics from pre-rendered 3D sprites to fully polygonal 3D models. While this allowed for much better animation, it also changed Adol's appearance based on his equipment.

PlayStation Portable
The PlayStation Portable port does not include any of the changes of the PS2 port except for the removal of blood and gore effects. The European and North American versions came with a new set of bonuses including some extra fetch-quests that unlock a few mini-games and an image/media gallery. These were later included in a "Special Edition" re-release in Japan, although the game is noted for having particularly long and frequent load times. Voice-acting was never included in this version. It is not available digitally on the PlayStation Store, only through a physical UMD copy, which has no PlayStation trophies attached.

Ys Online: The Ark of Napishtim
Ys Online: The Ark of Napishtim, a free-to-play MMORPG, was first released as Ys VI Online on Android and iOS in Japan by Restar Games on July 20, 2021. An English version was released by VNG Games on June 5, 2022.

Reception
The PlayStation 2 and PSP versions received "mixed or average reviews", while the PC version later received "generally favorable reviews", all according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave the PS2 version a score of one six, one seven, one six, and one five, for a total of 24 out of 40.

title: Ys VI: The Ark of Napishtim


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Category:Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh is a state in India.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Madhya Pradesh


text:
Lakshmipathy Balaji

Lakshmipathy Balaji (born 27 September 1981) is an Indian cricket coach and former international cricketer. He was a right-arm fast medium bowler. He represented the Indian cricket team and was part of the Indian team that finished as runners-up in the 2004 Asia Cup. He played for Tamil Nadu and South Zone in domestic cricket.

In November 2002, he made his ODI debut against West Indies. He made his Test debut against New Zealand in October 2003. He played the last of his eight test matches against Pakistan in March 2005, finishing with 27 wickets. He played 30 ODIs for India till 2009, taking 34 wickets. Later, he played five T20Is in 2012.

He played for the Chennai Super Kings in the Indian Premier League from 2008 to 2010, winning the 2010 Indian Premier League and Champions League Twenty20. He also played for Kolkata Knight Riders from 2011 to 2013, winning the 2012 Indian Premier League and Kings XI Punjab (2014) later. After his retirement from all forms of cricket in 2016, he served as the bowling coach of the Knight Riders in 2017 and the Super Kings from 2018 to 2022.

Early and personal life
Lakshmipathy Balaji was born on 27 September 1981 in Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. He married Priya Thalur in 2013.

International career
After making his debut for Tamil Nadu during the 2001–02 Ranji Trophy, Balaji was selected for the Indian national cricket team in 2002. In November 2002, he made his ODI debut against West Indies in the fifth match of the series at Vadodara. He went wicket less in four overs as India lost the match by five wickets. He did not play another international match before his test debut against New Zealand in October 2003 at Ahmedabad. He took his first and only wicket in the match, which ended in a draw. In the next match of the series, he went wicket-less. In January 2004, he was part of the Indian team that played a tri-series with Australia and Zimbabwe in Australia. He played all the 10 matches and finished as the fourth highest wicket taker in the series with 13 wickets.

Following his performance in Australia, he was selected for the Indian team that toured Pakistan in March-April 2004. He played in all the three test matches and finished as the second highest wicket taker with 12 wickets, leading India to a series victory. In the subsequent ODI series, which was also won by India, Balaji took six wickets in five matches. He was part of the Indian team that finished as runners-up in the 2004 Asia Cup but took just three wickets from four matches. Balaji played two ODIs in the 2004 Videocon Cup tri-series with Australia and Pakistan, taking six wickets to finish as the leading wicket taker. He played two matches during the Indian team, taking two wickets. During the subsequent visit of Pakistan in March 2005, Balaji played all the three test matches, the final match of which was the last of his career. He took nine wickets in the first match of the series including his career best of 5/76 in the first innings. He finished as the third highest wicket taker of the series which ended in a draw. In the subsequent ODI series, he took just three wickets in four matches, which resulted in an Indian defeat.

In 2005, Balaji suffered a stress fracture, which got exaggerated as he continued to play with injury. Subsequent injuries ruled him out of playing cricket for more than a year. Balaji made his return to cricket in 2007 and after a strong 2008-09 domestic season where helped Tamil Nadu reach the Ranji Trophy semifinals, he was called up to the Indian ODI squad in January 2009. Balaji played the final match of the series against Sri Lanka, which turned out to be final ODI match of his international career. In February, BCCI announced that Balaji had been dropped from the ODI squad for the New Zealand tour but had been selected for the test squad. But he did not play any matches in the series.

Balaji made his T20I debut against New Zealand at his home ground in Chennai on 11 September 2012. Subsequently, he was selected in the Indian squad for the 2012 ICC World Twenty20. He played four matches in the tournament including his last international match against South Africa. He took nine wickets to finish as the fourth highest wicket taker despite playing only four matches as India crashed out of the tournament in the group stage.

Indian Premier League
On 29 March 2008, Balaji was signed by Chennai Super Kings (CSK) to play in the inaugural edition of the Indian Premier League. On 10 May 2008, he picked up the first hat-trick of the tournament in the match against Kings XI Punjab at Chennai, and finished with a match-winning five-wicket haul. He played 29 matches across three seasons for CSK, taking 31 wickets. He was part of the squad that won the 2010 Indian Premier League and Champions League Twenty20. Ahead of the 2011 season, he was purchased by Kolkata Knight Riders in the IPL auction. He took 33 wickets in 35 matches across three seasons. He won the 2012 Indian Premier League title with Knight Riders, defeating his former team Super Kings in the finals. In his final season of the IPL, he played for Kings XI Punjab, taking 12 wickets in nine matches.

Coaching career
After his retirement from all forms of cricket in 2016, he was appointed as bowling coach and mentor by Kolkata Knight Riders for the 2017 Indian Premier League season. For the 2018 season, he was appointed as the bowling coach of Chennai Super Kings. He resigned from the post in 2022, citing personal reasons, but continued to work for the Super Kings Academy.

title: Lakshmipathy Balaji


text:
List of parks in Seattle

The city of Seattle, Washington, is home to hundreds of parks of various classifications.

National parks
Seattle contains one area administered by the National Park Service.

City parks
Seattle's city parks are administered by Seattle Parks and Recreation, a city department. Several bike and pedestrian trails are maintained by the Seattle Department of Transportation or administered jointly by both departments. A number of waterfront parks are administered by the Port of Seattle, a municipal corporation.

Seattle's oldest park is Denny Park and its largest is Discovery Park. This list has only the notable parks.

Other non-profit parks
A number of parks are operated by educational institutions or other non-profit organizations.

Private parks
Private individuals and organizations maintain a number of parks which are open for use by the public.

All Seattle parks
Parks administered by Seattle Parks and Recreation.

 * 1) 12th Ave. Square Park
 * 2) 12th West & West Howe Park
 * 3) 14th Avenue NW Boat Ramp
 * 4) 3001 E Madison Park
 * 5) 32nd Ave W Boat Launch
 * 6) 6th Avenue NW Pocket Park
 * 7) A. B. Ernst Park
 * 8) Adams Street Boat Ramp
 * 9) Albert Davis Park
 * 10) Alice Ball Park
 * 11) Alki Beach Park
 * 12) Alki Playground
 * 13) Alvin Larkins Park
 * 14) Amy Yee Tennis Center Park
 * 15) Andover Place
 * 16) Arroyos Natural Area
 * 17) Atlantic City Boat Ramp
 * 18) Atlantic Street Park
 * 19) B.F. Day Playground
 * 20) Bagley Viewpoint
 * 21) Baker Park on Crown Hill
 * 22) Ballard Commons Park
 * 23) Ballard Corners Park
 * 24) Ballard Playground
 * 25) Bar-S Playground
 * 26) Bayview Playground
 * 27) Bayview-Kinnear (Lower Kerry Park)
 * 28) Beacon Hill Playfield
 * 29) Beacon Place
 * 30) Beer Sheva Park
 * 31) Bell Street Park
 * 32) Bellevue Place
 * 33) Belltown Cottage Park
 * 34) Belmont Place
 * 35) Belvedere Park
 * 36) Belvoir Place
 * 37) Benefit Playground
 * 38) Benvenuto Viewpoint
 * 39) Bergen Place
 * 40) Bhy Kracke Park
 * 41) Bitter Lake Playfield
 * 42) Bitter Lake Reservoir Open Space
 * 43) Blaine Place
 * 44) Blue Dog Pond
 * 45) Blue Ridge Circle
 * 46) Blue Ridge Places
 * 47) Boren Park
 * 48) Boren Place
 * 49) Boylston Place
 * 50) Bradner Gardens Park
 * 51) Brighton Playfield
 * 52) Broadway Hill Park
 * 53) Bryant Neighborhood Playground
 * 54) Burke-Gilman Playground Park
 * 55) Burke-Gilman Trail
 * 56) Cal Anderson Park
 * 57) California Place
 * 58) Camp Long
 * 59) Carkeek Park
 * 60) Carleton Center
 * 61) Carleton Highlands
 * 62) Cascade Place
 * 63) Cascade Playground
 * 64) Cayton Corner Park
 * 65) Cedar Park
 * 66) Cesar Chavez Park
 * 67) Charles Richey Sr Viewpoint
 * 68) Cheasty Boulevard
 * 69) Cheasty Natural Area
 * 70) Cheshiahud Lake Union Loop
 * 71) Chinook Beach Park
 * 72) Christie Park
 * 73) City Hall Park
 * 74) Cleveland Playfield
 * 75) Coe Play Park
 * 76) College Street Park
 * 77) College Street Ravine
 * 78) Colman Park
 * 79) Colman Playground
 * 80) Columbia Park
 * 81) Commodore Park
 * 82) Corliss Place
 * 83) Cormorant Cove
 * 84) Cottage Grove Park
 * 85) Counterbalance Park
 * 86) Cowen Park
 * 87) Crescent Place
 * 88) Crown Hill Glen
 * 89) Crown Hill Park
 * 90) Daejeon Park
 * 91) Dahl Playfield
 * 92) Dakota Place Park
 * 93) David Rodgers Park
 * 94) Day Street Boat Ramp
 * 95) Dearborn Park
 * 96) Delridge and Myrtle Park
 * 97) Delridge Playfield
 * 98) Denny Blaine Lake Park
 * 99) Denny Park
 * 100) Denny Blaine Park
 * 101) Discovery Park
 * 102) Dr. Blanche Lavizzo Park
 * 103) Dr. Jose Rizal Park
 * 104) Don Armeni Boat Ramp
 * 105) Donnie Chin International Childrens Park
 * 106) Duwamish Waterway Park
 * 107) E.C. Hughes Playground
 * 108) East Duwamish Greenbelt
 * 109) East Montlake Park
 * 110) East Portal Viewpoint
 * 111) East Queen Anne Playground
 * 112) Eastmont Place
 * 113) Eddie Vine Boat Ramp
 * 114) Ella Bailey Park
 * 115) Emma Schmitz Memorial Overlook
 * 116) Endolyne Park
 * 117) Ercolini Park
 * 118) Fairmount Playground
 * 119) Fairview Park
 * 120) Fairview Walkway
 * 121) Fauntleroy Creek Ravine
 * 122) Fauntleroy Park
 * 123) Fauntleroy Place
 * 124) Ferdinand Street Boat Launch
 * 125) Firehouse Mini Park
 * 126) First Hill Park
 * 127) Fletcher Place
 * 128) Flo Ware Park
 * 129) Freeway Park
 * 130) Fremont Canal Park
 * 131) Fremont Peak Park
 * 132) Frink Park
 * 133) Fritz Hedges Waterway Park
 * 134) Froula Playground
 * 135) Garfield Playfield
 * 136) Gas Works Park
 * 137) Gemenskap Park
 * 138) Genesee Park and Playfield
 * 139) Georgetown Playfield
 * 140) Georgetown Pump Station
 * 141) Gerber Park
 * 142) Gilman Playground
 * 143) Golden Gardens Park
 * 144) Grand Army of the Republic Cemetery
 * 145) Green Lake Park
 * 146) Greenwood Park
 * 147) Greenwood Triangle
 * 148) Greg Davis Park
 * 149) Haller Lake Street End
 * 150) Hamilton Viewpoint Park
 * 151) Harrison Ridge Greenbelt
 * 152) Harvard-Miller/Roanoke Annex
 * 153) Herring's House Park
 * 154) Hiawatha Playfield
 * 155) Highland Drive Parkway
 * 156) Highland Park Playground
 * 157) Highland Place
 * 158) Hing Hay Park
 * 159) Hitt's Hill Park
 * 160) Homer Harris Park
 * 161) Horiuchi Park
 * 162) Horton Hill Corridor
 * 163) Howell Park
 * 164) Hubbard Homestead
 * 165) Hunter Boulevard
 * 166) Hutchinson Playground
 * 167) Hyde Place
 * 168) I-5 Colonnade
 * 169) Interbay Athletic Complex
 * 170) Interlaken Park
 * 171) Inverness Ravine Park
 * 172) Japanese Garden
 * 173) Jefferson Park
 * 174) Jimi Hendrix Park
 * 175) John C. Little, Sr. Park
 * 176) Judge Charles M. Stokes Overlook
 * 177) Judkins Park and Playfield
 * 178) Julia Lee’s Park
 * 179) Junction Plaza
 * 180) Katie Black's Garden
 * 181) Kerry Park
 * 182) Keystone Place
 * 183) Kilbourne Park
 * 184) Kinnear Park
 * 185) Kinnear Place
 * 186) Kirke Park
 * 187) Kiwanis Memorial Preserve Park
 * 188) Kobe Terrace
 * 189) Kubota Garden
 * 190) Lake City Memorial Triangle
 * 191) Lake City Mini Park
 * 192) Lake People Park
 * 193) Lake Union Park
 * 194) Lake Washington Boulevard
 * 195) Lakeridge Park
 * 196) Lakeridge Playfield
 * 197) Lakeview Park
 * 198) Lakeview Place
 * 199) Lakewood Playground
 * 200) Lakewood Triangle
 * 201) Lambert Place
 * 202) Landing Parkway
 * 203) Lawton Park
 * 204) Laurelhurst Playfield
 * 205) Leschi-Lake Dell Natural Area
 * 206) Leschi Park
 * 207) Licton Springs Park
 * 208) Lewis Park
 * 209) Lincoln Park
 * 210) Linden Orchard Park
 * 211) Little Brook Park
 * 212) Llandover Woods Greenspace
 * 213) Lowman Beach Park
 * 214) Longfellow Creek Natural Area
 * 215) Loyal Heights Playfield
 * 216) Lynn Street Mini Park
 * 217) MacLean Park
 * 218) Madison Park
 * 219) Madison Park North Beach
 * 220) Madrona Briar Patch
 * 221) Madrona Park
 * 222) Madrona Playground
 * 223) Madrona Ravine
 * 224) Magnolia Boulevard
 * 225) Magnolia Greenbelt
 * 226) Magnolia Manor Park
 * 227) Magnolia Park
 * 228) Magnolia Playfield
 * 229) Magnolia Tidelands Park
 * 230) Magnuson Park
 * 231) Maple Leaf Reservoir Park
 * 232) Maple School Ravine
 * 233) Maple Wood Playfield
 * 234) Marra-Desimone Park
 * 235) Marshall Park
 * 236) Martha Washington Park
 * 237) Martin Luther King Jr. Civil Rights Memorial Park
 * 238) Marvin's Garden
 * 239) Matthews Beach Park
 * 240) Mayfair Park
 * 241) McGilvra Boulevard
 * 242) McGilvra Place
 * 243) McGraw Square
 * 244) Meadowbrook Playfield
 * 245) Me-Kwa-Mooks Natural Area
 * 246) Me-Kwa-Mooks Park
 * 247) Meridian Playground
 * 248) Miller Playfield
 * 249) Miller Triangle
 * 250) Mineral Springs Park
 * 251) Mock Creek Ravine
 * 252) Montlake Boulevard
 * 253) Montlake Playfield
 * 254) Morgan Junction
 * 255) Mount Baker Boulevard
 * 256) Mount Baker Park
 * 257) Mount Claire Park
 * 258) Mt Baker Ridge Viewpoint
 * 259) Myrtle Edwards Park
 * 260) Myrtle Reservoir
 * 261) Nantes Park
 * 262) Nathan Hale Playfield
 * 263) NE 60th Street Park
 * 264) NE 130th Street End
 * 265) Nora's Woods
 * 266) North Beach Park
 * 267) North Passage Point
 * 268) Northacres Park
 * 269) Northeast Queen Anne Greenbelt
 * 270) Northgate Park
 * 271) Northlake Park
 * 272) Northwest 60th Viewpoint
 * 273) Observatory Courts
 * 274) Occidental Square
 * 275) Olympic Sculpture Park
 * 276) Open Water Park
 * 277) Orchard Street Ravine
 * 278) Othello Playground
 * 279) Oxbow Park
 * 280) Park Home Circle
 * 281) Parkmont Place
 * 282) Parsons Gardens Park
 * 283) Peace Park
 * 284) Pelly Place Natural Area
 * 285) Peppi's Playground
 * 286) Piers 62 and 63
 * 287) Pigeon Point Park
 * 288) Pinehurst Playground
 * 289) Pinehurst Pocket Park
 * 290) Pioneer Square
 * 291) Pipers Creek Natural Area
 * 292) Plum Tree Park
 * 293) Plymouth Pillars Park
 * 294) Powell Barnett Park
 * 295) Pratt Park
 * 296) Prefontaine Place
 * 297) Prentis I. Frazier Park
 * 298) Pritchard Island Beach
 * 299) Puget Boulevard Commons
 * 300) Puget Creek Greenspace
 * 301) Puget Park
 * 302) Puget Ridge Playground
 * 303) Queen Anne Boulevard
 * 304) Queen Anne Bowl Playfield
 * 305) Rainbow Point
 * 306) Rainier Beach Playfield
 * 307) Rainier Beach Urban Farm and Wetlands
 * 308) Rainier Place
 * 309) Rainier Playfield
 * 310) Ravenna Boulevard
 * 311) Ravenna Park
 * 312) Ravenna Ravine
 * 313) Ravenna Woods
 * 314) Ravenna-Eckstein Park
 * 315) Regrade Park
 * 316) Riverview Playfield
 * 317) Roanoke Park
 * 318) Roanoke Street Mini Park
 * 319) Rogers Playground
 * 320) Ross Playground
 * 321) Rotary Viewpoint
 * 322) Roxhill Park
 * 323) Sacajawea Playground
 * 324) Salmon Bay Park
 * 325) Sam Smith Park
 * 326) Sandel Playground
 * 327) Schmitz Boulevard
 * 328) Schmitz Preserve Park
 * 329) Seacrest Park
 * 330) Seola Park
 * 331) Seven Hills Park
 * 332) Seward Park
 * 333) Sierra Place
 * 334) Smith Cove Park
 * 335) Solstice Park
 * 336) Soundview Playfield
 * 337) Soundview Terrace
 * 338) South Park Meadow
 * 339) South Park Playground
 * 340) South Passage Point
 * 341) Spring Street Mini Park
 * 342) Spruce Street Mini Park
 * 343) St. Marks Greenbelt
 * 344) Stan Sayres Memorial Park
 * 345) Stevens Place
 * 346) Stevens Triangle
 * 347) Sturgus Park
 * 348) Sturtevant Ravine
 * 349) Summit Place
 * 350) Summit Slope Park
 * 351) Sunnyside Ave N Boat Ramp
 * 352) Sunset Hill Park
 * 353) Sunset Place
 * 354) SW Queen Anne Greenbelt
 * 355) T.T. Minor Playground
 * 356) Tashkent Park
 * 357) Taylor Creek Headwaters
 * 358) Terry Pettus Park
 * 359) Thayer Place
 * 360) Thomas C. Wales Park
 * 361) Thomas Street Mini Park
 * 362) Thorndyke Park
 * 363) Thornton Creek Natural Area
 * 364) Thyme Patch Park
 * 365) Tilikum Place
 * 366) Troll’s Knoll Park
 * 367) Trolley Hill Park
 * 368) Trudy's Triangle
 * 369) Twelfth Avenue South Viewpoint
 * 370) Union Bay Boglands
 * 371) Union Station Square
 * 372) University Circle
 * 373) University Heights Plaza
 * 374) University Lake Shore Place
 * 375) University Playground
 * 376) Urban Triangle Park
 * 377) Ursula Judkins Viewpoint
 * 378) Van Asselt Playground
 * 379) Victor Steinbrueck Park
 * 380) Victory Creek Park
 * 381) Victory Heights Playground
 * 382) View Ridge Playfield
 * 383) Viretta Park
 * 384) Virgil Flaim Park
 * 385) Volunteer Park
 * 386) Volunteer Parkway
 * 387) Wallingford Playfield
 * 388) Wallingford Steps
 * 389) Walt Hundley Playfield
 * 390) Ward Springs Park
 * 391) Washington Park Arboretum
 * 392) Washington Park Playfield
 * 393) Washington Street Boat Landing
 * 394) Waterfront Park
 * 395) Waterway 19
 * 396) Watton Site
 * 397) Webster Park
 * 398) Wedgwood Square
 * 399) West Duwamish Greenbelt
 * 400) West Ewing Mini Park
 * 401) West Montlake Park
 * 402) West Queen Anne Playfield
 * 403) West Seattle Stadium
 * 404) Westcrest Park
 * 405) Westlake Greenbelt
 * 406) Westlake Park
 * 407) Westlake Square
 * 408) William Grose Park
 * 409) Williams Place
 * 410) Wolf Creek Ravine Natural Area
 * 411) Woodland Park
 * 412) Woodland Park Rose Garden
 * 413) Yesler Terrace Park
 * 414) York Park
 * 415) York Playground

All Port of Seattle parks

 * Bridge Gear Park
 * Centennial Park (formerly Elliott Bay Park)
 * Duwamish River People’s Park and Shoreline Habitat
 * Seattle Fishermen's Memorial.
 * həʔapus Village Park and Shoreline Habitat (formerly Terminal 107 Park)
 * Jack Block Park (formerly Terminal 5 Park)
 * Salmon Cove Park and Shoreline Habitat (formerly Turning Basin #3)
 * sbəq̓ʷaʔ Park and Shoreline Habitat (formerly Terminal 108/Diagonal Park)
 * t̓ałt̓ałucid Park and Shoreline Habitat (formerly 8th Ave. South Park)
 * Terminal 115 Public Access
 * Terminal 18 Park
 * Terminal 91 Bike Trail (part of the Elliott Bay Trail)
 * t̓uʔəlaltxʷ Village Park and Shoreline Habitat (formerly Terminal 105 Park)

title: List of parks in Seattle


text:
United States congressional delegations from Oklahoma

These are tables of congressional delegations from Oklahoma to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate.

The current dean of the Oklahoma delegation is Representative Frank Lucas (R), having served in Congress since 1994.

1907–1915
After the 1910 census, Oklahoma gained three seats. From 1913 to 1915, these extra seats were represented at-large.

1915–1963
After 1915, all the seats were represented by districts. After the 1930 census, Oklahoma had its most seats, nine. The ninth seat represented the state at-large. After the 1940 census, the at-large seat was eliminated.


text:
User talk:Crazybanjo

I am a wild party (wild party).

title: User talk:Crazybanjo


text:
Lake Superior State Park

Lake Superior State Park is a 1410 acre state park located on Lake Superior, in the town of Bethel in Sullivan County, New York. The park is operated by the Sullivan County Department of Public Works under a long-term license from the Palisades Interstate Park Commission.

Park description
Lake Superior State Park offers picnic tables, volleyball courts, and a food concession. A swimming beach is open on weekends and holidays from Memorial Day until late June, with daily swimming available from the last week of June through Labor Day. A boat launch is available for boats, however gas-powered motors are not permitted.

Big game hunting, fishing and ice fishing is permitted within season for individuals possessing valid hunting and fishing licenses.

title: Lake Superior State Park


text:
Antofagasta

Antofagasta is a port city in northern Chile, about 1100 km north of Santiago. It is the capital of Antofagasta Province and Antofagasta Region. According to the 2015 census, the city has a population of 402,669.

After the Spanish American wars of independence, Bolivia claimed Antofagasta as part of its territory. Antofagasta was captured by Chile on February 14, 1879, triggering the War of the Pacific (1879–83). Chilean sovereignty was officially recognised by Bolivia under the terms of the 1904 Treaty of Peace and Friendship.

The city of Antofagasta is closely linked to mining activity, being a port and the chief service hub for one of Chile's major mining areas. While silver and saltpeter mining have been historically important for Antofagasta, since the mid-19th century copper mining is by far the most important mining activity for Antofagasta fueling a steady growth in the areas of construction, retail, hotel accommodations, population growth, and a remarkable skyline development until the end of the 2000s commodities boom in 2013. Since the 2010s Antofagasta is also a service hub for lithium mining.

Antofagasta has the highest GDP per capita of Chile, US$37,000 and the 3rd place for Human Development Index just after Metropolitana de Santiago Region and Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region.

Early settlers
The territory of Antofagasta was included in maps of the Captaincy General of Chile in the 18th century, depending from the city of Copiapó.

Bolivia created the "Departamento del Litoral", during the government of Andrés de Santa Cruz, in 1837, which was divided into two provinces: La Mar (with capital Cobija) and Atacama (with its capital in San Pedro de Atacama) and 1868, Antofagasta would be the capital of the province of Mejillones.

The territory was disputed between Chile and Bolivia until the signing of the Boundary Treaty of 1866.

On 18 September 1866, José Santos Ossa and Francisco Puelma achieved the award of the concession of nitrate lands, following a request taken to the Bolivian government. The exploring of the Chilean miners found rich deposits of saltpeter (nitratine) in the field of Salar del Carmen, to the east of the present Antofagasta. Agreed to form the "Sociedad Exploradora del Desierto de Atacama" (Explorer Society of Atacama Desert). After the formation of the company, began to fill with what was called "La Chimba".

After the tsunami in Iquique and the [ On 8 May 1872, Antofagasta was designated by the Bolivian Government as Puerto Mayor, opening trade worldwide. Next year, on 25 January 1872, following a session led by the prefect of the Provincial Department of Mejillones, Manuel Buitrago founded the Municipality of Antofagasta under Bolivian Law of Municipalities, which formed the body of "Municipal Agents", composed of two Germans, one Englishman and six Chileans.

On 27 November 1873, the "Compañía de Salitres y Ferrocarril de Antofagasta" (CSFA), a Chilean mining company, signed a contract with the government of Bolivia, in which taxes were removed from mineral exploitation for 15 years. This contract was not ratified by the Congress of Bolivia, which was then analyzed negotiations with Chile.

War of the Pacific
In 1873, Bolivia signed a secret treaty of defensive alliance with Peru. This would be used as an argument 5 years later in Chile, when it unleashed the War of the Pacific. The secret alliance forbade Bolivia from signing a border treaty with Chile, without consulting with Peru. However, in 1874 Chile and Bolivia signed a border treaty, which replaced the previous treaty of 1866. One of its points was not to impose new taxes on individuals, industries and Chilean capital for 25 years.

For Bolivia, the contract of 1873 between the government and CSFA was not yet in force, because, according to the Bolivian constitution, all contracts with the Bolivian government had to be approved by the congress.

According to the Bolivian version of events, the contract with the saltpeter company was incomplete so the congress, to approve the contract, decided to enforce a tax of 10 cents, which did not violate the treaty of 1874, since the contract was not yet in force at that date. Bolivia suspended the tax in deference to the government of Chile, but following a note from the Chilean foreign minister, it reactivated the tax law, then cancelled and closed the "Compañía de Salitres". Faced with a looming conflict with Chile, Bolivia decided to claim support under the agreement signed with Peru, and the treaty became effective with the Chilean occupation of Antofagasta, on 14 February 1879.

According to the Chilean version of events, the tax of 10 cents violated the treaty of 1874 since according to this, new taxes should not have been imposed on Chilean companies operating in Bolivia. At the breaking of the boundary treaty by Bolivia, and the cancellation of the contract of the CSFA, Chile seized Antofagasta, then in Bolivian territory, whose sovereignty had been ratified before 1866. After the war, a pact of truce was signed between Bolivia and Chile in 1884, which stated that the territory between the Loa River and parallel 23 would be under the administration of Chile, while Bolivia would be allowed access to the ports of Arica and Antofagasta.

20th century
The Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Chile and Bolivia, signed on 20 October 1904, and promulgated on 21 March 1905, established in perpetuity border between Chile and Bolivia.

In 1912, the British community (La Colonia Britanica) erected a clock tower, replicating Big Ben, in Plaza Colón to celebrate the republic's centenary.

In 1937, the Municipality of Antofagasta made a national call for the composition of Antofagasta's anthem. Antonio Rendic, famous physician and poet of the city, and Juan Bautista Quagliotto, musician, claimed the right to compose the lyrics and music, respectively.

In 1956, the Universidad del Norte (now the Catholic University of the North) was founded, due to support from the Catholic University of Valparaíso. On 9 October, of the same year began the negotiations for the creation of the "Centro Universitario Zona Norte" (University Center North Zone), part of the University of Chile. In 1968, the Antofagasta center of the University of Chile was inaugurated, after a university reform agreement which meant the autonomy of the University Center North Zone.

On 18 June 1991, a mudslide devastated much of the city, undermining land, damaged 2,464 houses and destroyed 493 buildings. Material damage was estimated at $70,000,000. The disaster left 92 dead, 16 missing and about 20,000 homeless. On 30 July 1995, the city was hit by an earthquake measuring 7.3 on the Richter Scale, with an intensity VII to VIII on the Mercalli Scale. Although it took a toll of three deaths and a hundred injuries, structural damage was minor for the magnitude of the event.

2000–present

The construction industry has had remarkable growth as seen in the many recently constructed tall buildings, the extension of the urban area to the north of the city, and different urban projects as the renovation of the entire Costanera Avenue, and walkways of the city center. In economic development, settled many retail chains and supermarkets as well as various high-quality hotel chains, which promoted business tourism to attract capital and trading partners in mining and port activity. Similarly, the city was awarded the installation of the Casino Enjoy Antofagasta.

In the municipal elections of 2008, the first female mayor of the city, Dra. Marcela Hernando, was elected, who retired from her political party to run as an independent. This allowed her to have diverse support from all sectors of the population of Antofagasta.

Geography

The city has an average elevation of 40 m.

The urban area of Antofagasta begins abruptly, breaking the monotony of the desert and is located in the coastal plains, south of Mejillones Peninsula and north of "Cerro Coloso". The Tropic of Capricorn passes in the north of the city, outside the urban area, which is located the Cerro Moreno International Airport. The Tropic of Capricorn Monument was opened on 21 December 2000 in celebration of this. Designed by the architect Eleonora Roman, it was created to point the Tropic of Capricorn and to work as a Solar Calendar.

Antofagasta was declared a partial common in the border area 20 July 1999, by Supreme Decree No. 1166 of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The city has little vegetation because it is situated in the Atacama Desert, which is the world's driest desert. However, among the vegetated areas are a series of urban wetlands. Native reptiles, arthropods, birds like the Calidris and mammals like the culpeo fox, inhabit or visit the wetlands. Some of these wetlands are threatened by garbage, street dogs, extraction of water, establishments of shacks (ruco) and the diversion of water courses. As of January 2024 the municipality of Antofagasta plans to declare the wetlands official urban wetlands in accordance with the Urban Wetlands Law.

Climate
The town of Antofagasta has a cold desert climate (Köppen BWk) with abundant sunshine and strong maritime influence.

The marked aridity and water scarcity are regulated by the Humboldt Current, in addition to the high humidity and morning fog known as "Camanchaca". Furthermore, the Pacific anticyclone generates winds from the south and southwest.

The average annual temperature is 16.8 °C. The average daily low temperature in the warmest month, January, is 17.5 °C while the average daily high temperature is 23.2 °C. The coldest month, July, sees an average low temperature of 11.8 °C and an average high temperature of 16.5 °C. The highest temperature recorded is 30.0 °C in January 1998 and the lowest recorded is 3.0 °C in September 1978.

The Atacama Desert coast is subject to a climate of extreme aridity, and therefore generates a low average annual rainfall of 3.4 mm (1970–2000), and the Town of Antofagasta itself receives an annual average of less than 0.1 mm of rainfall per year, earning it the record as the world's driest town. However, the sporadic occurrence of heavy rainfall, together with the geomorphologic situation of the city, make it susceptible to be affected by mud flows and landslides. Between 1916 and 1999, the city was affected by floods or landslides on seven occasions: 1925, 1930, twice in 1940, 1982, 1987 and 1991, of which the most important episodes in 1940 and 1991.

Hydrology
There are about fifteen streams that have watersheds with accumulation of sand and gravel. Within the broader watershed (hoya) are the "Hoya La Chimba", "Hoya Caracoles", "Hoya La Cadena", "Hoya La Negra" and "Hoya El Way". These watersheds and their streams (Quebrada), such as "Quebrada sin nombre", "Quebrada Baquedano", "Quebrada El Toro", "Quebrada El Carrizo" and "Quebrada Jardines del Sur", which helped cause the flood of 1991.

The coastal edge of Antofagasta is rocky and steep, so there are no natural beaches, the majority being artificial. Just north of the city, natural beaches extend to the areas of "La Portada", "Las Losetas" and "La Rinconada".

Within the water resources of the commune, there are different dry lakes (salar), among which include the Salar de Pajonales, Salar Mar Muerto, Salar Punta Negra and the Salar de Navidad.

Governance
As a commune, Antofagasta is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. As of 2021, the mayor is Jonathan Velásquez.

Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Antofagasta is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Marcela Hernando (PRSD) and Paulina Nuñez (RN) as part of the 4th electoral district, together with Mejillones, Sierra Gorda and Taltal. The commune is represented in the Senate by Pedro Araya (Progressive Convergence, 2014–2022) and Alejandro Guillier (Progressive Convergence, 2014–2022) as part of the 2nd senatorial constituency (Antofagasta Region).

The township has three local police courts. In addition, the Municipality of Antofagasta has a number of municipal headquarters, which are entities created to meet and control certain community needs a more specific way.

Economy

Antofagasta's economic development is mainly based on copper mining and nonmetallic minerals such as nitrate and iodine.

Antofagasta owns two major industrial areas; one is located 20 km outside the urban area known as Ciudad Empresarial La Negra, a complex of approximately 2,400 hectares. There are refinery furnace copper industries in addition to cement, lime and other products. The second industrial area is located in the north of the city, where they have installed multiple operating centers of different companies, mainly along the "Pedro Aguirre Cerda Avenue."

Trade is concentrated mainly in the center of Antofagasta, around the Plaza Colón, where there are installed within the last 2 decades several national retail chains. Moreover, in different parts of the city have set up large supermarket chains like "Líder", "Tottus", "Unimarc", "Santa Isabel" and "Jumbo".

Recently in 2006, were also installed, the national chain " Mall Plaza" in the coastal area and the "Casino Enjoy Antofagasta" in the south of the city.

Business tourism
Because of the important administrative position of Antofagasta in the region, the historical relationship with the mining sector, and the production of the 54% of copper at the national level.

Events are held annually with the assistance of several mining countries of the world, and one of the most important is Exponor organized by the Asociación de Industriales Antofagasta, guild formed by the major copper producers in the region. Exponor is a show that promotes the gestation of chains, new business and exchanging knowledge and experiences among entrepreneurs from different countries of the world. This important trade fair generated a portfolio of U.S. $41,291 million (63.48% world total), for the period 2007–2015.

Cost of living
As of 2009, this city is considered the most expensive to live in Chile, next to Santiago and Punta Arenas.

Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Antofagasta had 296,905 inhabitants spread over an area of 30718 km2, of which 143,685 are women and 153,220 were men. In the commune, 295,792 (99.6%) lived in urban areas and 1,113 (0.4%) in rural areas. The population grew by 30.0% (68,497 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. A 2009 population projection by the National Institute of Statistics of Chile estimated the city has an estimated population of 360,473 inhabitants.

Education
The city has several public and private educational universities. Two major traditional universities, one that is public, University of Antofagasta, and other private, Catholic University of the North. Several private autonomous universities have been open since 2002. Previously, the now-defunct "University José Santos Ossa" was the only private autonomous university in Antofagasta.

Although the public schools are distributed almost uniformly throughout the city, the private schools operate mainly in the central and southern part of the city, where the wealthiest inhabitants reside. Only three private schools in the city are ranked among the top 100 schools in the country with the highest scores in the University Selection Test, which are The Antofagasta British School, "Hrvatska Skola San Esteban" and "Antofagasta International School".

Antofagasta is the first city in Chile which has a municipal school operating within a military compound: "Recovery Center for Integrative Studies in Military Training", located within the Reinforced Regiment No. 20 "La Concepción".

Football
The football club Deportes Antofagasta is part of the Chilean First Division A (although it played two periods in the First División of Professional Football), and plays its home matches at Antofagasta Regional Stadium. Other football clubs of the city are the Club Deportivo Ormazábal and Club Deportivo Unión Bellavista which play in the Third Division A of Chile.

Other sports
Antofagasta was one of the host cities of the official 1959 Basketball World Cup, where Chile won the bronze medal.

In baseball, different teams are formed and maintained in competition since the last century, and the selection of the city dispute the national classic game with the selection of Tocopilla (historically the best team of baseball in Chile).

Roads
The main land route connectivity in the province is Route 5-CH, which connects the city with the rest of the country and is part of the Panamerican Highway. This route connects to the city by Route CH-26 in the north of the city, and Route CH-28 to the south. In addition, the city is connected to the north of the country by Route 1-CH, a way that also allows access to Andrés Sabella Gálvez International Airport and the natural monument La Portada.

Vehicular traffic is concentrated around the main avenues of the city due to the long and narrow shape of the urban area. The only avenue that crosses the city from north to south, corresponds to the coastal route known as Avenida Costanera, which is formed by the avenues Jaime Guzmán, Ejército, República de Croacia, Grecia, José Manuel Balmaceda, Aníbal Pinto, 7º de Línea and Edmundo Pérez Zujovic; these avenues provide access to places including Mall Plaza Antofagasta, the Campus Coloso of the University of Antofagasta, the city hall of the Municipality of Antofagasta.

Airport
Andrés Sabella Gálvez International Airport is the only airport in Antofagasta and is located in Cerro Moreno, north of the city. This site, despite being classified as International Airport, operates mostly as a terminal for national flights, with one international airline, LATAM Peru, flying to Lima. In this terminal three domestic airlines also operate, LATAM Chile, Principal Airlines and Sky Airlines.

Port
The city has a port complex of seven docks, inaugurated by President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo on 14 February 1943 under the name of Puerto de Antofagasta, which consists of two terminals. Terminal 1, consists of the docks 1, 2 and 3, is multi-operator and is managed by the "Empresa Portuaria Antofagasta" (EPA) since 1 July 1998. Terminal No. 2, composed of docks 4, 5, 6 and 7, monooperario type, which is managed and operated by the company "Antofagasta Terminal Internacional" (ATI) since 1 March 2003. Overall, this tourist (member of the Association of Cruise Ports Southern Cone) and commercial port, can operate the production of 5,000,000 tons of cargo.

Escondida, the biggest private mining company in Chile, has a private port located in southern city, near Cerro Coloso.

Public transport
The higher transportation consists of thirteen lines of minibuses, which correspond to buses with a capacity of fewer than thirty people. The public transport is within a tender and is known as TransAntofagasta. The public transport plan took effect officially on 28 November 2005, replacing the old bus service. The route of these buses finish in the Caleta Coloso (south end of the city) during the year, and during the summer come as far as Balneario Juan Lopez, which is out of town.

The lower transport consists of taxis lines, corresponding to a black sedans that make their way through the urban area through fixed routes.

Railways
The most important railroad is the Ferrocarril de Antofagasta a Bolivia (FCAB) founded in 1888, during the economic boom of the saltpeter industry. In 1930, FCAB was acquired by Antofagasta PLC, which is part of the Quiñenco commercial group.

Unlike other contemporary mining railways, FCAB survived the crash of the natural nitrate sector. It provides a variety of transportation services - most notably, the transport of mining products and consumables such as copper cathodes and sulfuric acid - via a 900 km long rail network that is connected to the Ferrocarril Andino de Bolivia, Ferronor (Chile), and Ferrocarril Belgrano in Argentina (Salta–Antofagasta railway). Its gauge is.

Future commuter rail
Due to the accelerated urban and demographic growth of Antofagasta during 2000–2010, a commuter train using the current FCAB line is currently under review. The project aims to decongest vehicle traffic by linking the north and south of the city with a direct train line.

Twin towns – sister cities
Antofagasta is twinned with:
 * 🇪🇨 Ambato, Tungurahua, Ecuador
 * Split, Split-Dalmatia, Croatia
 * 🇨🇳 Tongling, Anhui, China
 * 🇬🇷 Volos, Thessaly, Greece

title: Antofagasta


text:
Doug Sanders

George Douglas Sanders (July 24, 1933 – April 12, 2020) was an American professional golfer who won 20 events on the PGA Tour and had four runner-up finishes at major championships.

Early years
He was born into a poor family in Cedartown, Georgia, northwest of Atlanta, where his father farmed and drove trucks. Sanders was the fourth of five children and picked cotton as a teenager. The family home was near a nine-hole course and he was a self-taught golfer.

Amateur career
Sanders accepted an athletic scholarship to the University of Florida in Gainesville, where he played for the Gators golf team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition in 1955. In his single year as a Gator golfer, Sanders and the team won a Southeastern Conference (SEC) championship and earned a sixth-place finish at the NCAA championship tournament—the Gators' best national championship finish at that time. Sanders won the 1956 Canadian Open as an amateur—the only amateur ever to do so—and turned professional shortly thereafter. Sanders was the last amateur to win on the PGA Tour until Scott Verplank in 1985.

Professional career
Sanders had thirteen top-ten finishes in major championships, including four second-place finishes: 1959 PGA Championship, 1961 U.S. Open, 1966 and 1970 Opens. In 1966, he became one of the few players in history to finish in the top ten of all four major championships in a single season, despite winning none of them. He took four shots from just 74 yards as the leader playing the final hole of the 1970 Open Championship at St Andrews, missing a sidehill 3 ft putt to win, then lost the resulting 18-hole playoff by a single stroke the next day to Jack Nicklaus. His final victory on tour came in June 1972 at the Kemper Open, one stroke ahead of runner-up Lee Trevino.

Sanders is remembered for an exceptionally short, flat golf swing — a consequence, it appears, of a painful neck condition that radically restricted his movements.

He was a member of the U.S. Ryder Cup team in 1967, which won in Houston.

Personal life
Sanders was a stylish, flamboyant dresser on the golf course, which earned him the nickname "Peacock of the Fairways." Esquire magazine named Sanders one of America's Ten Best Dressed Jocks in August 1972.

Sanders identified himself as the lead character, a playboy PGA Tour golfer, in the golf novel Dead Solid Perfect, by Dan Jenkins.

Sanders wrote a golf instruction book, "Compact Golf", published in 1964, the title of which linked to Sanders' short golf swing. His autobiography "Come swing with me" was published in 1974.

In his autobiography, Sanders said he was invited and intended to accompany fellow pro golfer and 1964 Open winner Tony Lema on the flight in a private plane in 1966 that crashed with no survivors. Sanders changed his schedule at the last minute and did not join Lema on the flight.

After retiring from competitive golf, Sanders was active in his own corporate golf entertainment company for nearly 20 years, and sponsored the Doug Sanders International Junior Golf Championship in Houston, Texas. From 1988 to 1994, he also sponsored the Doug Sanders Celebrity Classic.

Sanders died in his adopted hometown of Houston, Texas, on April 12, 2020, from natural causes. He was 86.

Honors
Sanders was a member of the Florida Sports Hall of Fame, Georgia Sports Hall of Fame, and the Georgia Golf Hall of Fame. He was also inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a "Gator Great."

Amateur wins

 * 1955 Mexican Amateur

PGA Tour wins (20)
PGA Tour playoff record (5–5)

Far East Circuit wins (1)
Far East Circuit playoff record (0–1)

Other wins (2)

 * 1957 Colombian Open
 * 1959 Sahara Pro-Am

Results in major championships
Amateur

Professional

{{legend|yellow|Top 10}} {{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}} CUT = missed the half-way cut R256, R128, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play "T" indicates a tie for a place

Sources: Masters Tournament, U.S. Open and U.S. Amateur, Open Championship, PGA Championship, 1956 British Amateur

Summary

 * Most consecutive cuts made – 14 (1965 PGA – 1969 Masters)
 * Longest streak of top-10s – 4 (1966 Masters – 1966 PGA)

title: Doug Sanders


text:
Peter Griffin

Peter Löwenbräu Griffin Sr. (born Justin Peter Griffin) is a fictional character and the protagonist of the American animated sitcom Family Guy. He is voiced by the series' creator, Seth MacFarlane, and first appeared on television, along with the rest of the Griffin family, in the episode "Death Has a Shadow" on January 31, 1999. Peter was created and designed by MacFarlane himself. MacFarlane was asked to pitch a pilot to the Fox Broadcasting Company based on Larry & Steve, a short made by MacFarlane which featured a middle-aged character named Larry and an intellectual dog, Steve. For the series, Larry was renamed Peter.

Peter is married to Lois and is the father of Meg, Chris, and Stewie. He also has a dog named Brian, with whom he is best friends. He has worked at a toy factory and at Quahog's Brewery. Peter's voice was inspired by the security guards that MacFarlane heard at his school. His appearance was a redesign of the protagonist Larry from MacFarlane's previous animated short films The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve. He has appeared in several pieces of Family Guy merchandise—including toys, T-shirts, and video games—and he has made crossover appearances in other shows, including The Simpsons, Drawn Together, American Dad!, and Family Guy's spin-off series The Cleveland Show.

Role in Family Guy
Peter Griffin is a middle-class Irish American in his midforties, who is a bespectacled, obese blue-collar worker with a prominent Rhode Island and Eastern Massachusetts accent. Peter's age has never been officially confirmed and has fluctuated throughout the series, although he is consistently referred to as being in his early-to-mid 40s. Peter and his wife, Lois, have three children: Meg, Chris, and Stewie. He also has two deceased children: Peter Jr., who was shaken to death, and Dave, Stewie's twin who is implied to have been killed by Stewie during childbirth. He is the illegitimate son of Thelma Griffin and Mickey McFinnigan, and was raised by Thelma and his stepfather, Francis Griffin. It is uncertain whether Peter's legal parents were married before he was conceived, however, as Peter has a flashback in which Francis directly tells him, "I'm not your father!" in the episode "Peter's Two Dads", in which Peter realizes that Francis is not his true father, implying he knew that Peter is not his biological son. Peter and his family live in the fictional town of Quahog, Rhode Island, which is modeled after Providence, Rhode Island. Peter primarily worked as a safety inspector at the Happy-Go-Lucky Toy Factory until his boss, Jonathan Weed, choked to death on a dinner roll while dining with Peter and Lois; he then became a fisherman on his own boat, which was known as the "S.S. More Powerful than Superman, Batman, Spider-Man, and The Incredible Hulk Put Together", with the help of two Portuguese immigrants, Santos and Pasqual, until his boat was destroyed. He now works in the shipping department of the Pawtucket Patriot brewery. Peter is also shown in various jobs for single episodes and cutaway gags. In one episode, Peter played for the NFL's New England Patriots until his behavior resulted in his being kicked off the team. In a running gag, storylines are randomly interrupted by extremely long, unexpected fights between Peter and Ernie the Giant Chicken, an anthropomorphic chicken who serves as an archenemy to Peter. These battles parody the action film genre, with explosions, high-speed chases, and immense devastation to the town of Quahog.

Creation
MacFarlane initially conceived Family Guy in 1995 while studying animation at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD). During college, he created his thesis film entitled The Life of Larry, which was submitted by his professor at RISD to Hanna-Barbera. MacFarlane was hired by the company. Then in 1996, MacFarlane created a sequel to The Life of Larry entitled Larry & Steve, which featured a middle-aged character named Larry and an intellectual dog, Steve; the short was broadcast in 1997 as one of Cartoon Network's World Premiere Toons. Executives at Fox saw the Larry shorts and contracted MacFarlane to create a series, entitled Family Guy, based on the characters. Fox proposed MacFarlane complete a 15-minute short, and gave him a budget of $50,000. Several aspects of Family Guy were inspired by the Larry shorts. While working on the series, the characters of Larry and his dog Steve slowly evolved into Peter and Brian. MacFarlane stated that the difference between The Life of Larry and Family Guy was that "Life of Larry was shown primarily in my dorm room and Family Guy was shown after the Super Bowl."

Voice

The voice of Peter is provided by MacFarlane, who also provides the voice for Brian, Stewie, Quagmire, Tom Tucker, Carter Pewterschmidt, Dr. Hartman, and others. MacFarlane has been part of the main voice cast from the beginning of the series including the pilot, and has voiced Peter from the start. MacFarlane chose to voice Peter and several other characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane's speaking voice is not very close to Peter's; he uses his normal voice as the voice of Brian. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from the security guards he overheard talking while he was attending the Rhode Island School of Design; according to him, "I knew a thousand Peter Griffins growing up in New England. Guys who would not think before they spoke, like [switching to Peter's voice] there was no self-editing mechanism. [Pointing to himself] Everything in here, [pointing to his front] it's coming out here, with no gateway". MacFarlane also voices many of Peter's ancestors who share the same type of voice. He noted in an interview that he voices Peter and the rest of the characters partly because they initially had a small budget, but also that he prefers to have the freedom to do it himself. In another interview, he said that Peter's voice is one of the most difficult to do.

There have been rare occasions where MacFarlane does not voice Peter. In the episode "No Meals on Wheels" (season 5, 2007), actor Patrick Stewart voiced Peter in a cutscene, but MacFarlane voices Peter for the rest of the episode. In the episode "Family Gay" (season 7, 2009), Seth Rogen provided a guest-voice as Peter under the effects of the "Seth Rogen gene". In "Road to the Multiverse" (season 8, 2009), he was voiced by actor Jamison Yang, who was required for a scene where everything in the world was Japanese. In Friends of Peter G (season 9, 2011), John Viener voiced Peter in an alternate timeline where he gave up drinking.

Personality
Peter Griffin is a stereotypical blue-collar worker who frequently gets drunk with his neighbors and friends Cleveland Brown, Joe Swanson and Glenn Quagmire at "The Drunken Clam," Quahog's local tavern. In the season 4 episode "Petarded", Peter discovered his low intellect falls slightly below the level for intellectual disability after taking an I.Q. test, which places his I.Q. at around 70. In that same episode, Peter is declared intellectually disabled because of his low I.Q. level. Peter also might have brain damage in Wernicke's area as he cutaways into seemingly random situations and speaks in perfect grammar but cannot seem to choose how to create a sentence. Peter is known for his brash impulsiveness, which has led to several awkward situations, such as attempting to molest Meg in order to adopt a redneck lifestyle. He is easily influenced by anyone he finds interesting and will often try to replicate their lifestyle and behavior merely out of curiosity. He is incredibly jealous of other attractions Lois has in her life, an attitude which has led to extreme situations, such as when he assaulted a whale that kissed Lois at SeaWorld. In the third season episode "Stuck Together, Torn Apart", Peter and Lois split up because of Peter's jealousy, only to discover that Lois has the same character flaw and the two decide to live together with their mutually jealous nature. Peter has a very short attention span which frequently leads him to bizarre situations, as Chris points out in "Long John Peter", after Peter's parrot dies "He will get over it pretty quickly and then move on to another wacky thing", to which Peter finds a pipe organ and forgets about his parrot (Peter then destroys the pipe organ within seconds and then finds a deed to a cattle ranch). Peter is also naïve with one example in "Airport '07" where he thinks his truck will fly by filling it with airplane fuel.

Peter has complex relationships with all three of his children. He normally makes fun of Meg and treats her badly, such as in the episode "FOX-y Lady", where he, Meg and Chris try to create a cartoon and they exclude Meg and her ideas. Though in some episodes Peter has had a good relationship with Meg, in "Hell Comes to Quahog" (season 5, 2006), Peter almost tells Meg he loves her and in "Road to Rupert" (season 5, 2007), he told Meg that he would treat her badly in front of the family, but that he would be her friend in secret. It was presumed though that in "Peter's Sister", (season 14, 2015) that Peter would stop bullying Meg. Peter has a much better relationship with Stewie. Peter and Stewie had their adventures when he took him to Walt Disney World Resort in the episode "The Courtship of Stewie's Father" (season 4, 2005). With Chris, Peter communicates well, but at times when in need of advice or in an adventure Peter tells Chris to do the opposite of what he should do, like in "Long John Peter" (season 6, 2008), where Chris is asking for advice on dating and Peter tells him to treat women horribly.

Peter is best friends with his anthropomorphic dog, Brian. In earlier seasons, Brian often served as a voice of reason for Peter, helping him out with issues. Brian is extremely grateful to Peter for picking him up on the side of the road as a stray, shown during a flashback in the episode, "Brian: Portrait of a Dog". His gratitude was affirmed in "New Kidney in Town", where Brian offers to give up both his kidneys and his life so that Peter could undergo a kidney transplant, although he did not have to do it thanks to another, more suitable donor being found. At Brian's funeral in "Life of Brian", Peter said that Brian was his "best friend in the whole world" and "like a brother to him". In the episode "Forget-Me-Not", Stewie puts Brian and Peter, along with Joe and Quagmire in a simulation to prove that they would have never been friends if Peter wasn't Brian's owner, wherein they all wake up in a hospital after a great disaster of some kind and forget both their names. In the simulation, Joe and Quagmire believe that Peter was the cause of everybody in Quahog disappearing in the great disaster due to a fake newspaper clipping from a laser tag arena that they had visited with Peter earlier in the episode. Brian, who learns of Joe and Quagmire's plans, goes to talk to Peter to warn him, only for them to quickly bond and become great friends with each other. When Joe and Quagmire come to kill him, Brian saves Peter's life by taking a bullet for Peter, wherein the simulation then ends and Stewie reveals what happened to him.

Beyond Brian and his main trio of Joe, Quagmire, and Cleveland, Peter is shown to be good friends with a few other characters in the show. Peter is shown to be friends with local pharmacist Mort Goldman, even once going as far to assist Mort in committing insurance fraud by burning down his pharmacy. Mort even becomes Peter's manager when Peter and Quagmire become a musical duo in the episode "Into Harmony's Way". Peter and his core friend group are also shown to be good friends with Jerome, who initially served as Cleveland's temporary replacement in the episode he was first introduced (due to Cleveland living in Virginia at the time). Jerome would later buy the Drunken Clam in the episode "Save the Clam" and often interacts with Peter and the gang at the Clam. Peter and his friends even watch over the bar for Jerome in the episode "The Woof of Wall Street". Peter also maintains a friendly relationship with his co-workers Opie and Stella.

Ancestry
Before Peter was born, his mother Thelma went to Mexico City to have an abortion but gave birth during the procedure, and smuggled him home to Providence, Rhode Island, where he spent his childhood. Peter was raised by Francis and Thelma Griffin in the Roman Catholic faith. In "Peter's Two Dads", he discovers that his biological father is an Irishman named Mickey McFinnigan. Peter visits Mickey, who initially rejects him. Mickey later accepts him as his son after beating him in the "game of drink" (the game of drink referring to matching shots until one passes out). Mickey is based on the friends of MacFarlane's father. MacFarlane said: "When I was growing up, my father had lots of friends: big, vocal, opinionated New England, Irish Catholics. They were all bursting at the seams with personality, and Family Guy came out of a lot of those archetypes that I spent years observing."

Praise
Editors of Variety put Family Guy in their contenders for the 2011 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series; they stated that, depending on your sense of humor, Peter is either "a comedy genius" or "an obnoxious idiot". MacFarlane has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in the Outstanding Voice-Over Performance category several times for voicing Peter and other characters; he won in 2016. He was also nominated in 2008 for an Annie Award in the Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production or Short Form for voicing Peter.

Peter has ranked in several of IGN's top 10s (generally these lists are related to the show). Among these, Peter ranked the third spot on IGN's "Top 25 Family Guy Characters," in which it was stated that many of the show's best gags come from Peter and his shenanigans and that "Peter practically invented the "manatee joke". Entertainment Weekly placed Peter in its "18 Bad TV Dads" list (the list also included characters like Homer Simpson and Al Bundy).

Criticism and controversy
Peter has been criticized for being too similar to Homer Simpson. Peter has appeared in some episodes of The Simpsons; in these episodes which he has been featured, he has been depicted as Homer Simpson's clone or is accused of plagiarism. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly wrote that Peter is Homer Simpson "as conceived by a singularly sophomoric mind that lacks any reference point beyond other TV shows". Robin Pierson from The TV Critic criticized the Griffin family for being too similar to the Simpson family, and said that Peter "has Homer Simpson written all over him". This is eventually made fun of in the episode "Ratings Guy" when, after Peter ruins television and goes to the networks to reverse the changes, Homer Simpson shows up with the same plight, with Peter going "A-ha! Looks like this is one we beat you to!" In "The Simpsons Guy", a crossover episode between Family Guy and The Simpsons, the Griffins end up in the town of Springfield after their car is stolen, where they meet the Simpsons.

Peter has created some controversy in various episodes of Family Guy. The episode "The Cleveland–Loretta Quagmire" (season 4, 2005) featured a sequence titled "You Have AIDS", in which Peter dances and sings in a barbershop quartet fashion around the bed of a man with end-stage AIDS about his diagnosis, which drew protests from several AIDS service organizations. In the episode "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein" (season 3, 2003), Peter sings a parody song of "When You Wish upon a Star", entitled "I Need a Jew"; on October 3, 2007, Bourne Co. Music Publishers filed a lawsuit accusing the show of infringing its copyright on the original song; Bourne Co., the sole United States copyright owner of the song, alleged the parody pairs a "thinly veiled" copy of their music with antisemitic lyrics. The complaint was not upheld.

Appearances in the media
Peter has made several television appearances outside of Family Guy, often in the form of direct parody. Peter has appeared in two episodes of The Simpsons, poking fun at how the two shows are frequently compared to each other. In the fourteenth season episode "Treehouse of Horror XIII", Peter is depicted as one of Homer Simpson's clones, and in the seventeenth season episode, "The Italian Bob", a photo of Peter is in a book of criminals, which says he is wanted for "plagiarismo". Peter also appeared in various episodes of the show's spin-off The Cleveland Show. In addition, Peter has appeared at the end of the American Dad! episode "Hurricane!" with guns on both Stan Smith and former neighbor Cleveland Brown. During the stand-off, Stan accidentally shoots his wife Francine, which Peter declares as "classic American Dad!".

Merchandise
Peter is also featured on the Family Guy: Live in Vegas CD, and plays a significant part in Family Guy Video Game!, the first Family Guy video game, which was released by 2K Games in 2006. Peter was used in the game Family Guy Online as a character class for the game's character creator. In December 2023, Peter was featured as a battle pass skin in the first season of the fifth chapter of Fortnite. Files containing clips of Peter were data mined from the game as early as February 2021.

MacFarlane recorded exclusive material of Peter's voice and other Family Guy characters for a 2007 pinball machine based the show, created by Stern Pinball. In 2004, the first series of Family Guy toy figurines was released by Mezco Toyz; each member of the Griffin family had their own toy, with the exception of Stewie, of whom two different figures were made. Over the course of two years, four more series of toy figures have been released, with various forms of Peter. Alongside the action figures, Peter has been included in various other Family Guy-related merchandise.

As of 2009, six books have been released about the Family Guy universe, all published by HarperCollins since 2005. This include Family Guy: It Takes a Village Idiot, and I Married One (ISBN 978-0-7528-7593-4), which covers the entire events of the episode "It Takes a Village Idiot, and I Married One", and Family Guy and Philosophy: A Cure for the Petarded (ISBN 978-1-4051-6316-3), a collection of 17 essays exploring the connections between the series and historical philosophers. which include Peter as a character. Peter appears in comic-book based on the Family Guy universe; by Titan Comics. The first comic book was released July 27, 2011.

In 2008, the character appeared in advertisements for Subway, promoting the restaurant's massive feast sandwich. Chief marketing officer Tony Pace commented "Peter's a good representation of the people who are interested in the Feast, and Family Guy is a show "that appeals to that target audience." The Boston Globe critic Brian Steinberg praised the restaurant's use of the character for the commercials.

title: Peter Griffin


text:
Crystal (disambiguation)

A crystal is a form of solid matter whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern.

Crystal or Crystals may also refer to:

Music

 * The Crystals, an American pop music girl group
 * Crystal, the artistic name of Gaudelia Díaz

Albums

 * Crystal (Crystal Gayle album), 1976
 * Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album), 1987
 * Crystal (Double album), 1999
 * Crystals (Sam Rivers album), 1974
 * Crystals (Eskimo Callboy album), 2015

Songs

 * "Crystal" (New Order song), 2001
 * Crystal (Fleetwood Mac song), 1975
 * "Crystals" (song), a song by Of Monsters and Men, 2015
 * "Crystal", a song by Pablo Cruise, 1976
 * "Crystal", a song by Frank Ifield, 1979
 * "Crystal", a song by Michael Martin Murphey from his 1982 eponymous album
 * "Crystal", a song by Nova, 1983
 * "Crystal", a song by Elton John from Too Low for Zero, 1983
 * "Crystal", a song by Hüsker Dü from Candy Apple Grey, 1986
 * "Crystal", a song by Curve from Cuckoo, 1993
 * "Crystals", a song by The Badgeman, 1990

Other art, entertainment, and media

 * Crystal (comics), a Marvel comic book superheroine
 * Crystal (film) an upcoming American film directed by William H. Macy
 * Crystal (novel), a 1987 novel by Walter Dean Myers
 * Crystal (Cirque du Soleil), a theatrical show featuring ice skating
 * "Crystal" (The Secret Circle), a television episode
 * "Crystal", a poem by Patti Smith in the Seventh Heaven collection
 * Pokémon Crystal, an updated version of Pokémon Gold and Silver released in 2000 for the Game Boy Color
 * Crystal Dynamics, an American video game developer

People

 * Crystal (given name), a female given name
 * Crystal (surname), a surname

Places

 * Crystal, Colorado
 * Crystal, Indiana
 * Crystal, Maine
 * Crystal, Michigan
 * Crystal, Minnesota
 * Crystal City, Missouri
 * Crystal, Clark County, Nevada
 * Crystal, Nye County, Nevada
 * Crystal, New Mexico
 * Crystal, North Dakota
 * Crystal, West Virginia
 * Crystal, Wisconsin
 * Crystal Lake (disambiguation)
 * Crystal Palace (disambiguation)
 * Crystal Township, Hancock County, Iowa
 * Crystal Township, Tama County, Iowa
 * Crystal Township, Montcalm County, Michigan
 * Crystal Township, Oceana County, Michigan
 * The Crystal, a building in London

Science and engineering

 * Crystal system, a mathematical physics description of crystals.
 * Crystal (mathematics), a concept introduced by Grothendieck generalizing quasicoherent sheaves
 * Crystal oscillator, an electronic oscillator circuit

Software

 * Crystal (programming language), a Ruby-inspired programming language
 * CRYSTAL, a quantum chemistry calculation software
 * Digital Research's Graphics Environment Manager (GEM), originally code-named Crystal

Other uses

 * Crystal the Monkey, a female capuchin monkey and animal actress
 * Crystal (steamboat), a Puget Sound steamboat that operated in the early 1900s
 * MV ACX Crystal, a container ship of the ACX shipping line sometimes simply called "Crystal"
 * CRYSTAL, code name for the KH-11 Kennen spy satellites
 * Crystal Mover, a people mover system manufactured in Japan by Mitsubishi
 * Crystal Cathedral, in Garden Grove, CA
 * Lead glass, commonly called crystal. Other materials are also employed to create "lead-free crystal glassware".
 * Crystal healing, a pseudoscientific alternative medicine technique that uses semiprecious stones and crystals
 * Crystal Semiconductor - audio electronics company acquired by Cirrus Logic
 * Crystal meth, methamphetamine
 * Montreal Crystals, a former Canadian ice hockey team

title: Crystal (disambiguation)


text:
Talk:Antofagasta

old comments from 2004
The original article I translated from the Spanish wikipedia, but there is quite a bit more material, particularly about the city's history, at de:Antofagasta, if anyone would care to do the necessary. — Trilobite (Talk) 02:13, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

The sentence
 * During the last ten years, Antofagasta has experimented a construction boom of high-rise apartment buildings.

was added in 2004, so my replacement
 * Since about 1994, Antofagasta has experimented a construction boom of high-rise apartment buildings that continues as of 2004.

 * 1) is implied by the other (in light of the page history), and
 * 2) doesn't suck as badly as the vague "last 10 years".
 * This is, in fact, not true. The construction boom lasted from 1994 to 1997~1998, when (due to Asiatic Economic Crisis) it stopped. I think, however, the construction business has regained strength since (about) 2003~2004.
 * In fact, in the las 5 years, the city has suffered several improvements in terms of embellicement and public services; due to mayoralty programs. Maybe this is related in some way to the construction "rebirth"

Someone who (in contrast to me) knows what they're talking about can do better. --Jerzy (t) 17:54, 2005 Apr 7 (UTC)

Thought thew education part had to be improved, so I added the text that can be read now. I have lived in the city many years, so the fact about school distribution in the city I talk about can be trust...--Negrulio

The phrase
 * To the north of the city, La Portada de Antofagasta, a natural monument, is famous for its beauty.

Doesn't have to be in the Transport topic, does it?--Negrulio

Poor english
A group of users have added a lot of material but in a very poor English. I hope we can help enhancing the readability of this article. I am not the most appropiate guy to do this, but I'll give it a try -- _ N _ e _ g _ r _ u _ l _ i _ o  02:08, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

Article Cleanup Co-Ordination Point
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 * bgcolor="#ffdead" | This article has recently been tagged as requiring cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards.
 * the article needs formatting, proofreading, or rephrasing in comprehensible English.
 * the article has multiple overlapping problems.
 * the article is very short and might need expanding, removal or merging with a broader article

As part of the cleanup process, the automated bot PocKleanBot has generated this notice as a focus of cleanup efforts, and also contacted several contributing editors of the article to bring their attention to the problem. You should use this section to discuss possible resolution of the problem and achieve consensus for action. Only when there is a consensus that the article is now cleaned up should you then de-list it by deleting the cleanup tag from the article, this causes the article to drop off the monthly cleanup-needed list page.
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Discussion

 * }

Monument to Juan Lopez
I moved this incomprehensible section here. I don't think it was helping readers at all.   Monument to Juan Lopez "Previously to the poblamiento of the place, Juan Lopez, who is considered the first inhabitant of the city, settled in the sector of White Rock, today known like the Chimba, where the mineral extraction began of precarious way. The 10 of August of 1866 a Treaty of limits between Bolivia and Chile was signed, adding in addition an additional act the 25 to August. In this document one settled down both like limit between countries, parallel 24 of South latitude. Despite the stipulated erritorial division, both governments were committed to distribute by half originating products of the operation of the deposits of guano discovered in Mejillones and of the other deposits of the same installment to discover in the territory between degrees 23 and 25 of southern latitude, as well as the perceived rights of export on minerals extracted in the same territory already mentioned. Of Francisco and 1866 Jose, the 18 September Holy Ossa Puelma obtained the legal awarding of the salitrales land concession, after a request sent to the Bolivian government. After an expedition led by Jose Holy Ossa, Alfredo Ossa and Hermenegildo (that were the guide), the cateador Juan Zuleta discovered rich deposits of saltpeter (nitrate) in the sector of t, to the east of the present Antofagasta. After the finding, Jose Holy Ossa, Francisco Puelma and Manuel Antonio de Lama decided to form an Exploratory Society of the Desert of Atacama. The 19 of March of 1868 the Melbourne Company was constituted Clark, after the integration of Chilean and English interests. Later the company obtained the 5 of September of 1868, an extension of the concession granted by the Bolivian government, this time by 15 years. After the conformation of the company, it quickly began to fill what the Chimba was denominated, in November with 1866 official Plane with the new population and port of Antofagasta, by Jose Holy Prada. After the earthquake of Iquique and Cobija of the 13 of August of 1868, it was necessary to recognize the Chimba like a mining town legally. The 27 of August of 1868, the President of Bolivia Manuel Mariano Melgarejo ordered to the prefect of the Department of the Coast, the official foundation of the Chimba, in the sector delimited by commissioners Hilario Holy Ruíz and Jose Prada [ 1 ]. Thus, the 22 of October of 1868 officially were based the population and the port under the name of the Chimba. Later the city was famous like Antofagasta. The first official plane of the population and port of Antofagasta was designed by Jose Holy Prada, the 14 of September of 1869. In this document, the land of the Melbourne Company was delimited Clark, in addition to 17 apples and one main seat. The 8 of May of 1871, Antofagasta was designated Greater Port, opened to the commerce worldwide. The 25 of January of 1872, after a session directed by Subprefecto of the Department of Mejillones Manuel Buitrago, the Municipality of Antofagasta according to the Bolivian law of Municipalities was based, where the Body of Municipal Agents was satisfied (later famous like Municipal Meeting of Antofagasta), integrated by two Germans, English and six Chileans. Felix Garci'a Videla assumed like President of the Body of Municipal Agents, which was made up of munícipes Francisco Errázuriz, Brown, Rescuing Emeterio Kings, Red Matías, Juan Vargas, Luis Lichenstein, Ernesto Wolchmar Graf Buchheim and Luis Foster. In addition like measurement before the uncontrol to the population, the Police Headquarters was satisfied that was commanded by Domingo Machado, which was in charge to regulate to the Body of Guardians of the Guard of Order and Security. After which Manuel Mariano Melgarejo was overthrown by Agustín Moral the 15 of January of 1871, the Treaty of 1866 limits was put in check by the government of Bolivia, not being recognized by this part, because the division of taxes was disadvantageous to the Bolivians. This conflict was solved later with the Treaty of limits of 1874 between Bolivia and Chile Within its more important points was not burdening during 25 years the Chilean properties. Bolivia reacted delayed to the privileges that the same government granted to the industralists in bordering treaties. Thus, the Constituent Assembly of Bolivia arrived at the resolution to create a tax of 10 cents on exported quintal of Bolivian territory, decision that affected the interests of the Company of Saltpeters and Railroads of Antofagasta. The decision of the assembly was translated directly like a violation to article IV of the Treaty of 1874: The conflict began to tensionar itself, because no of the parts wanted to yield: neither Bolivia wanted to clear the tax, nor Chile to let protest by him. Chile threatened declaring null bordering treaties of 1866 and 1874 if Bolivia applied the tax. Therefore, Chile noticed that it would vindicate for himself the zone between the parallels 23 and 24 that protested before the treaty as his and whose rights had yielded to Bolivia on condition that of the clauses that were being violated. After which Hilarión Daza threatened to Chile the confiscación and finishes off of the facilities of the Company of Saltpeters and Railroads of Antofagasta if the created tax were not paid (besides to threaten the term of the other concessions), the Chilean government reacted making weigh anchor to the White Armored one from the port of Valparaiso, the December of 1878. The Bolivian government interpreted like a provocation that Armored the White amaneciera Encalada in the road of Antofagasta the 26 of December of the same year. The conflict worsened when the Bolivian government decided to finish off the Company of Saltpeters and Railroads of Antofagasta, which refused to pay the tax. The closing of the company was programmed for the 14 of February of 1879. In answer, Chile decided to maintain cast anchor to in the port of Antofagasta. The morning of the 11 of February of 1879, Chilean president Aníbal Pinto in meeting next to its cabinet, made the decision to go to the war. The reception of the telegram sent by the plenipotenciario minister of Bolivia, with the message "Cancellation of the February law, vindication of the salitreras of the company" gatilló the Pinto decision of, who ordered the shipment of the B and the ÓHiggins Corvette course towards Antofagasta, making occupation of this city next to the Wharf of the Company of Saltpeters and Railroads of Antofagasta. This operation was carried out the 14 of February of 1879, when Antofagasta was occupied by Chile, as a result of the disembarkation of Chilean troops in Antofagasta in charge of colonel Emilio Sotomayor. This event is translated like the first Chilean military action of the conflict known like War of the Pacific, because with the occupation they occurred beginning to the combat operations of all the war. The 26 of May of 1879 the First naval action of Antofagasta from the Huáscar Monitor was carried out, while the Chilean troops paid tribute to the lieutenant commander Carlos Condell. The Second naval action of Antofagasta was carried out three days later. Later the Pact of truce between Bolivia and Chile of 1884 was signed, which established that the territory between the Loa river and parallel 23 would be under the administration of Chile, whereas to Bolivia the access would be allowed him the ports of Arica and Antofagasta. Nevertheless, both treaties left subjects pending that were clarified in two later treaties, the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Chile and Bolivia in 1904 yTratado_de_Lima of 1929 with Peru. The Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Chile and Bolivia, subscribed the 20 of October of 1904 and promulgated the 21 of March of 1905, established to perpetuity the borders between Chile and Bolivia. The territory of Antofagasta was definitively within the Chilean borders but in return Chile was committed to construct a railroad that united the cities of Arica and La Paz, and granted to Bolivia the free transit of commerce through Chilean territory. With it, Bolivia definitively recognized the permanent Chilean sovereignty on the territory previously in dispute. Nevertheless, this treaty has been constant origin of diplomatic tensions between both countries during century XX and beginnings of century XXI, because Bolivia lost all sovereignty on the Pacific Ocean. The alluvium of Antofagasta de_1991, registered from the 18 of June of 1991, devastated with great part the city, undermining lands, damaging 2,464 houses and destroying 493 constructions, all this causing material damages that in the occasion calculated approximately in American 70.000.000. The catastrophe left a balance of 92 deads, 16 disappeared and approximately 20,000 4 victims [ ]. Four years later, at dawn of the 30 of 1995 July, an earthquake de_Antofagasta_de_1995 of 7,3 in the Escala_de_Richter Scale and with an intensity between VII to VIII in the Scale of Mercalli was registered in the city. The hurt dead event approximately left a one hundred and three balance fatal, and structural damages that were slight for the magnitude of the event." BuddingJournalist 03:45, 30 January 2007 (UTC)
 * It is translated from Spanish: Jose Holy Ossa = Jose Santos Ossa -- Keysanger (talk) 20:26, 16 January 2015 (UTC)

Revert?
I'm tempted to go back to this version, which at least features more comprehensible English, and which I can actually help improve by copy-editing. Anyone object? I don't think the current version is in any way helpful to readers. Also, I doubt someone spent a lot of time/effort to expand the article to its version. I have a feeling someone plugged in text to one of those free online translation tools and pasted the shoddy results here. If no one objects in a few days, I'll do a revert back to the old version. BuddingJournalist 03:54, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree. Jespinos 15:43, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I did the revert. On to the copy-edit! BuddingJournalist 06:59, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Pictures
There are so many pictures on this page in galleries. Perhaps they need to be culled or editorial comment found or a page for them opened. The satellite pic could be of anything. Any views? SuzanneKn (talk) 20:21, 9 April 2008 (UTC)

Desert climate with abundant cloudiness (BWN)
"Desert climate with abundant cloudiness (BWN)" does not exist in the Köppen climate classification. From this image it looks like BWk, and not 4 climates at all. I have removed the dubious paragraph and kept only the mention to desert climate. Calimo (talk) 09:28, 12 February 2012 (UTC)

I doesn't exist in the climate classification, but then again it does have abundant sunshine. I think these two terms are separate. I changed the cloudiness to sunshine quite a while ago because 3,000 hours of sunshine is NOT overcast!151.224.47.129 (talk) 01:53, 5 September 2015 (UTC)

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Average Rainfall and Floods
How does a city with an average annual rainfall of less than 0.1 mm have 5 notable floods from 1940 to 1991? It should have received just 5 mm (0.2 inches) of rain in that entire half-century. Is "average" here the median rather than the mean?71.195.219.145 (talk) 14:18, 6 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Floods typically occur when a river or other water channel overflows its banks. It is not uncommon in desert areas for rainfall in the mountains to course downhill and inundate these channels.--Quisqualis (talk) 18:53, 6 May 2018 (UTC)

Devorada por las flores
"Antofagasta devorada por las flores nunca conocerá el secreto de la sombra" appears in Ignacio Martínez de Pisón's Antofagasta (novel). I take it as a hint to ἄνθος ("flower") and ἔφαγον ("devour"). Is a Greek etymology considered even as a poetic false etymology? --Error (talk) 12:15, 20 August 2021 (UTC)

Wording of introduction Section
Hello. I had a qeustion about the wording a sentence in the introduction section. The following sentence "Despite having an overwhelmingly ethnic Chilean population, Chile recognised Bolivian sovereignty of Antofagasta in 1866" What does "Ethnic Chilean" mean? Do we even have a Chilean ethnicity? What I presume is that it's meant "Chilean settlers" as opposed to settlers and migrant workers from Bolivian territory. So, why not say that instead, as it would make more sense? BasilLeaf (talk) 18:05, 22 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Good question BasilLeaf. The tradition of ethnic identification in South America is not necessarily the same as that of Europe (which is often assumed to be valid worldwide). For example, in contrast to Europe, ethnicity is not linked to language ("one language, one nation, one state"). The bulk of the population of Bolivian Antofagasta were Chilean nationals, born in Chile and identified as Chileans by Chile and Bolivia. I don't have any source at hand right now, but most likely they also identified as Chileans. Whether you identify "Chileans" as nationals och Chile, an ethnic group or both is not really relevant to this article. Dentren | Talk 14:25, 24 September 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Antofagasta


text:
Blythe Hartley

Blythe Hartley (born May 2, 1982) is a Canadian Olympic diver. She was born in Edmonton, Alberta and began diving at age 12.

Personal life
She went to the National Sport School in Calgary, Alberta with many other top Canadian athletes. Hartley attended Handsworth Secondary School before going on to attend the University of Southern California where she graduated in 2006 with a degree in communications. She was CTV diver analyst during 2012 Summer Olympics.

Diving career
Hartley won her first gold medal at the world aquatic championships in the 1 m springboard in Fukuoka, Japan in 2001, and won a bronze at the 2003 World Aquatics Championships in 3 m springboard in Barcelona, Spain. Her best finish at the 2000 Summer Olympics was in 3 m springboard synchro where she finished 5th. She won her first Olympic medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics where she won a bronze with partner Émilie Heymans in the synchronized 10 m platform event.

Hartley also won a gold medal at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal in the springboard event.

The North Vancouver resident concluded her competitive career at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, where she placed fourth in the three-metre springboard.

title: Blythe Hartley


text:
Pototan

Pototan (Banwa ka Pototan, Banwa sang Pototan, ), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Iloilo, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 78,298 people.

The town lies on the banks of the Suage River, 30 km north from Iloilo City. The town has an area of 94 km2, 85% of which is agricultural land. In December 1997, it was declared as the "Christmas Capital of Western Visayas" because of its famed Christmas Festival of Lights.

Considered the rice granary of Panay, the town is bordered by Dingle to the north, Zarraga to the south, Barotac Nuevo to the east, New Lucena, Iloilo and Mina to the west.

Early history
The first people of Pototan were the family of Datu Ramon, grandson of Datu Puti, a Malay from the town of Dumangas. They first settled at Barangay Naslo, which was formerly the poblacion (town center). In that place was found a luxuriant growth of trees called "putat", after which the place was subsequently called "Kaputatan" or "place of many Putat trees." However, due to its hilly terrain and poor water supply, they decided to move nearer the bank of the Suage River, now called Pototan.

In the middle of the 16th century, the Chinese traders arrived in Pototan.

Spanish era
The arrival of the Spaniards in 1593 sparked new changes in the socio-economic and political life of the natives. It was the start of a new era, the natives were converted to Catholicism through the efforts of Augustinian Friars. The settlement was subsequently made into a Parish. Education, though at the onset only for the privileged few, was introduced. The name "Kaputatan", which the Spanish have difficulty pronouncing, was changed to "Pototan".

The Spanish built roads and bridges. Don Tomas Sajen and Don Escribano supervised the construction of the Tribunal (municipal hall) with the natives contributing the labor. The Tribunal withstood World War II and in the early 50s was modified into what is now the Western Visayas Hospital.

In 1874, Pototanons began to run their own political affairs with the appointment of Don Juan Marcelo as the first Capitan Municipal. This form of government continued until the arrival of the Americans.

During the incumbency of Capitan Municipal Braulio Peñaranda in 1891, there was a cholera outbreak.

During the Philippine Revolution, Pototanons such as Teresa Magbanua (known as the Joan of arc of the Visayas ) and her two brothers, Elias and Pascual Magbanua took up arms and joined the revolution.

The Americans arrived after Spain ceded Philippines to the United States in 1898. The remaining Spanish population fled to the hills together with many Filipinos including the last Gobernadorcillio, Don Maurilio Mendoza. He was later held prisoner by the Americans but subsequently named the first Municipal President.

American era
Under the Americans, the natives were granted the freedom of speech and worship. Education was liberalized; more and better roads and bridges were constructed. Improvements were also noticed in the economic, social and cultural life of the people.

During the incumbency of Mun. President Maurillo Mendoza, the Pototanons again witnessed another unforgettable event: the burning of the entire half of the poblacion in November 1914. The cause of the fire is unknown.

When the Philippine Constitution was ratified in 1935, another change in the town's local governance was introduced: the title of Municipal President was changed to Municipal Mayor. Santiago Puig was the first Municipal Mayor. He was succeeded by Mariano Peñaflorida in 1940. Peñaflorida served until September 16, 1942.

World War II
The coming of the Japanese during World War II spread chaos and fear among Pototanons. Mayor Peñaflorida continued to act as Mayor under the Free Revolutionary Government of Tomas Confesor while the Japanese Imperial Forces designated Tomas Ferrariz as Puppet Mayor.

Barangays
Pototan is politically subdivided into 50 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

 * Abangay
 * Amamaros
 * Bagacay
 * Barasan
 * Batuan
 * Bongco
 * Cahaguikican
 * Callan
 * Cansilayan
 * Casalsagan
 * Cato-ogan
 * Cau-ayan
 * Culob
 * Danao
 * Dapitan
 * Dawis
 * Dongsol
 * Fundacion
 * Guinacas
 * Guibuangan
 * Igang
 * Intaluan
 * Iwa Ilaud
 * Iwa Ilaya
 * Jamabalud
 * Jebioc
 * Lay-ahan
 * Primitivo Ledesma Ward (Pob.
 * Lopez Jaena Ward (Poblacion)
 * Lumbo
 * Macatol
 * Malusgod
 * Naslo
 * Nabitasan
 * Naga
 * Nanga
 * Pajo
 * Palanguia
 * Fernando Parcon Ward (Poblacion)
 * Pitogo
 * Polot-an
 * Purog
 * Rumbang
 * San Jose Ward (Poblacion)
 * Sinuagan
 * Tuburan
 * Tumcon Ilaya
 * Tumcon Ilaud
 * Ubang
 * Zarrague

Demographics
In the 2020 census, the population of Pototan, Iloilo, was 78,298 people, with a density of undefined PD/km2. Karay·a is the primary language in the municipality.

Private Schools

 * Adventist Academy - Iloilo, Inc. (West Visayan Academy)
 * Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepción - Hijas de Jesús
 * EXEL Montessori de Pototan
 * First Bible Baptist Academy
 * Pototan Baptist Church Learning Center
 * Pototan Christian Learning Center
 * The Integrated Academy School System, Inc.

Tertiary

 * West Visayas State University - Pototan Campus

Secondary

 * Alberto Sorongon Sr. Memorial NHS
 * Pototan National Comprehensive HS
 * Jamabalud NHS
 * Jose Facultad Memorial NHS
 * Palanguia NHS

Primary

 * Barasan ES
 * Batuan ES
 * Cahaguikican ES
 * Cansilayan ES
 * Casalsagan ES
 * Danao ES
 * Dapitan ES
 * Doña Trinidad ES
 * Dolores P. Tirador ES
 * Edmundo Dayot Memorial ES
 * Guibuangan ES
 * Guinacas ES
 * Igang ES
 * Iwa-Macatol ES
 * Jamabalud ES
 * Juana Bolivar Peñaflorida ES (Amamaros ES)
 * Lay-ahan ES
 * Lumbo ES
 * Maravilla ES
 * Matias Yusay Memorial ES
 * Nabitasan ES
 * Naslo ES
 * Palanguia ES
 * Pototan Pilot ES
 * Rizal ES
 * San Juan ES
 * Sinuagan ES
 * Tuburan ES
 * Ubang ES

Capitán municipal
In 1893, the Maura Law was passed to reorganize town governments with the aim of making them more effective and autonomous. The law changed the title of chief executive of the town from gobernadorcillo to capitán municipal.

Municipal officials
The elected municipal officials of the local government unit of Pototan, Iloilo for 2022-2025.

title: Pototan