text:
User talk:BACbKA

I treat this talk page similarly to an email folder. While I don't modify the messages you post here, I do remove them once I feel the relevant matters have moved into the past. If you want your discussions with me archived at current pages, please copy things over to your talk pages, or to the relevant articles' ones. Please use the revision history archive if you are looking for a message or a discussion that I had removed from the present talk page.

article translation request ru: Альянс врачей
I found you on the list: Translators_available.

I'm looking for someone to translate an article from Russian Wikipedia that does not seem to have an article in English Wikipedia, ru: Альянс врачей. They an organisation being mentioned in recent news about Alexey Navalny. There's no information about them in English Wikipedia but there is extensive article in Russian Wikipedia. I can't find any mention of them in English Wikipedia using that specific Russian name "Альянс врачей", or a literal translation "Alliance of Doctors".

Irtapil (talk) 01:17, 4 April 2021 (UTC)

Hi, I need a native translation of a sentence, into Russian (but Ukranian is recommended)
I need a native translation of a sentence, into Russian (but Ukranian is recommended)
 * 1) The sentence is: "Welcome to the first stage, of the fourth international program of Михаил's method, the internatinal training course of Михаил, 2021"
 * 2) By "program" I mean, like in: "governmental program", or "educational program", and the like.
 * 3) By "stage" I mean: phase/part/step (Actually the "program" consists of a few stages).
 * 4) I would like to know how to pronounce the whole translated sentence (including "2021"), so please add also the transcription in IPA (or in Latin letters, as close to the original pronunciation as possible - if you are not familiar with IPA. Please mark also the stress, e.g. by adding an apostrophe before the stressed syllable (or by typing the stressed vowel in a capital letter). You can add a small  y  or a small  w , where needed.

185.24.76.187 (talk) 13:51, 9 December 2021 (UTC)

Aleksandr Danilovic Aleksandrov
Hey there!

I just made some edits on the Aleksandrov page, and when I was looking in the talk page, you seemed to be the only person very involved with it, so I thought i should reach out. Would it still mean a great deal to you to see his mathematics explained/written about? I could see what I can do. I was struggling, however, because I don't actually speak Russian (and my translating friends are both on vacation!) and thus I was wondering if there were sources on Russian Wikipedia that my Russian-to-English dictionary and I were not picking up. (there was a whole section in his biography that is unsourced but seems incredibly legit and I would love to know if you know where it comes from.)

If this is too much of a pain, I will wait a month and force my friends to help me. Just wanted to say hi! Hat Jul (talk) 05:51, 1 July 2022 (UTC)

File:3D-monster-maze-roll-up-roll-up.png listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:3D-monster-maze-roll-up-roll-up.png, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Dronebogus (talk) 06:12, 17 January 2023 (UTC)

File:3D-monster-maze-eaten.png listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:3D-monster-maze-eaten.png, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Dronebogus (talk) 06:14, 17 January 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:BACbKA


text:
Eco-warrior

The term eco-warrior is a self-description for an environmental activist that adopts a "hands-on" effort to save a plot of land. In the UK it coined the term in the 1990s, a label that many people actively taking ecological direct action resisted, for philosophical reasons.

A common symbol of an eco-warrior is the Eco Warriors Flag.

Another use of the term refers to an environmental activist who engages in illegal activities, also known as eco-terrorism. However, an eco-warrior is also someone who utilizes the courts to halt, suspend, or otherwise derail a human activity that the activist believes adversely impacts the environment.

Types
An eco-warrior can be someone who engages in an environmental organisation (e.g. Greenpeace) or an environmental company that delivers safekeeping or improvements for the environment (e.g. directly by selling environmental products).

Notable eco-warriors and warrior actions

 * In 2006, an eco-warrior group which sabotaged heavily polluting terrain vehicles became known in Paris (France), calling itself "Les Dégonflés".
 * Another well-known British "eco-warrior" is Daniel Hooper, who is also known as Swampy.
 * Chico Mendes and Ken Saro-Wiwa are the most famous green activists in Brazil and Nigeria, respectively.
 * Made famous in the US for a hurling a brick through the window of a McDonald's during the so-called "Battle in Seattle", French activist and small-scale cheese farmer José Bové has been fighting neo-liberalism on his home turf for decades.
 * Paul Watson and the direct-action conservation group known as the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, which he founded, can be called eco-warriors for their direct engagements of ships engaging in overfishing and commercial whaling.
 * Penti Baihua is an internationally known Huaorani. The Huaorani, like many other indigenous peoples, are very much interested in putting a stop to illegal logging on their homeland, and also embrace the concept of ecotourism to supply in funds to help in the protection of their local biodiversity.
 * Timothy Treadwell was an activist for the protection of grizzly bears in Alaska.
 * The direct action of William Bunting saved the wildlife habitat of Thorne Moors from the planned dumping of 32 million tons of fuel-ash, peat-cutting and drainage, and caused the reinstatement of public footpaths on maps of the same Moors.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Eco-warrior


text:
Midwestern University

Midwestern University (MWU) is a private medical and professional school with campuses in Downers Grove, Illinois and Glendale, Arizona. As of the 2022–23 academic year, a total of 2,758 students were enrolled at the Downers Grove campus and 3,782 were enrolled at the Glendale campus.

Founded in 1900 as the American College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery, the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine is the fourth-oldest medical school currently active in Illinois. Over the years, the university expanded, adding additional degrees and programs; in 1993, the school united these programs under the name Midwestern University. In 1995, the school opened a campus in Glendale, Arizona, becoming the second and largest medical school to teach students in the state. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and the medical schools are also accredited by the American Osteopathic Association's Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation.

History
The university was founded in 1900 as the American College of Osteopathic Medicine and Surgery. The school was the fourth medical school in the world to grant the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree. Originally located on Washington Boulevard in Chicago, the school moved to Hyde Park in 1918. In 1913, the school changed its name to the Chicago College of Osteopathy, eventually becoming the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine.

In 1986, the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine moved from its prior location in Hyde Park to a new campus in the western suburb of Downers Grove, Illinois. In 1991, the Chicago College of Pharmacy opened. The College of Health Sciences began in 1992. In 1993, the board of trustees unanimously approved a single educational mission for the institution, uniting the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, the Chicago College of Pharmacy, and the Chicago College of Health Sciences into Midwestern University. In 2009, the College of Dental Medicine-Illinois opened, followed by the Chicago College of Optometry in 2014 and the College of Graduate Studies in 2018.

In 1996, the university opened a new campus in Glendale, Arizona. The first college at the Glendale campus was the Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, which began its first courses in 1996. The college joined the University of Arizona College of Medicine as one of only two medical schools in Arizona at the time, and it remained the only osteopathic medical school in the state until AT Still University opened in Mesa in 2007. In 1997, a physician assistant program was established at the Glendale campus, followed by the College of Pharmacy the next year. In 2006, the College of Dental Medicine-Arizona opened, then the Arizona College of Optometry opened in 2008, and the College of Veterinary Medicine opened in 2012. The College of Health Sciences' podiatric medicine program became the Arizona College of Podiatric Medicine in 2020. In 2010, the university received a Conservation and Native Landscaping Awards from the Environmental Protection Agency for restoring 9 acres of wetland and oak-hickory woods on the Downers Grove campus. In 2012, the Downers Grove Multispecialty Clinic opened in a five-story, 193,000 square foot building. Also that year, the College of Veterinary Medicine opened at the Glendale campus, with a 109,000-square-foot veterinary teaching hospital, a 36,000-square-foot large animal teaching facility, and a 76,000-square-foot classroom building. The school was the first veterinary medical school in the state of Arizona, and was the 29th veterinary medical school in the United States.

Academics and accreditation
Midwestern University offers multiple academic programs at two campus locations. All programs are graduate-level and focus on the health professions. The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Doctoral degree programs include:
 * Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
 * Doctor of Dental Medicine
 * Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice
 * Doctor of Occupational Therapy
 * Doctor of Pharmacy
 * Doctor of Physical Therapy
 * Doctor of Podiatric Medicine
 * Doctor of Psychology
 * Doctor of Optometry
 * Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
 * Doctor of Nursing Practice.

The university also offers the following degrees:
 * Master of Arts (M.A.)
 * Master of Biomedical Sciences (M.B.S.)
 * Master of Medical Sciences (M.M.S.)
 * Master of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (M.S.)
 * Master of Occupational Therapy (M.O.T.)
 * Master of Public Health (M.P.H.)
 * Master of Science in Nursing (M.S.N.)
 * Master of Speech-Language Pathology (M.S.)
 * Master of Cardiovascular Science - Perfusion (M.S.)

Research
Midwestern University researches a variety of areas related to health and biomedical science. Areas of research include environmental toxicology (as a part of the One Health Initiative), COVID-19, pharmacology, physiology, and anatomy. As of the 2020-2021 academic year, the university held $1,603,231 in active externally funded research awards. Sources of funding for research include: National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Health Resources & Services Administration, American Heart Association, American Optometric Foundation, HonorHealth, Leakey Foundation, Marfan Foundation, PhRMA Foundation, PetSmart Charities, Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, National Assoc. of Chain Drug Stores, Pharmaceutical Research & Manufacturers of America Foundation, etc.

Downers Grove, Illinois
The Downers Grove campus is located on a 105 acre site in Downers Grove, Illinois, a suburban area 25 miles west of downtown Chicago.

Glendale, Arizona

The Glendale campus is located on a 156 acre site in Glendale, Arizona, a suburban area 15 miles northwest of downtown Phoenix. Facilities on the campus include many buildings with teaching, research, and administrative functions. There is also an Interfaith Chapel.

Patient care
Midwestern University operates several clinics on both its Downers Grove and Glendale campuses. The Downers Grove Multispecialty Clinic opened in 2012 and includes medical, dental, speech-language, physical therapy, and optometry services. Through five community clinics located on the Glendale campus, the university provides medical, dental, podiatry, optometry, mental health, physical and occupational therapy, and veterinary services. The Companion Animal Clinic is part of the larger Animal Health Institute, which also includes a Large Animal Clinic and a Diagnostic Pathology Center.

Students
Nearly 7,000 students were in attendance at Midwestern University for the 2020-21 academic year (both campuses). There were 2,980 students in attendance at the Downers Grove campus, with 63% female, 37% male, 58% white, 27% Asian, 6% Hispanic or Latino, and 2% Black or African American. At the Glendale campus, there were 3,927 students in attendance, with 57% female, 43% male, 59% white, 17% Asian, 10% Hispanic or Latino, and 3% Black or African American.

Students at Midwestern University participate in numerous clubs on campus and an active student government association. There are several professional fraternities on campus. The behavioral medicine club hosts an improvisation show, which benefits charities. Additional clubs and organizations on campus include:

Alumni
More than 25,000 alumni have graduated from Midwestern University. Notable alumni include:

 * Clinton E. Adams – President and CEO of Rocky Vista University
 * Ivan Edwards – pastor and Flight surgeon
 * Victor Lindlahr – radio presenter and health food writer
 * Joseph Mercola – Internet businessman
 * Rudy Moise – lawyer and politician
 * Douglas J. Robb – US Air Force lieutenant general
 * Richard Scheuring – NASA flight surgeon
 * Emily Temple-Wood – 2016 Wikimedian of the Year
 * James N. Weinstein – Microsoft executive

title: Midwestern University


text:
User:Jerven

Working on www.uniprot.org

title: User:Jerven


text:
Valeri Polyakov

Valeri Vladimirovich Polyakov (Валерий Владимирович Поляков, born Valeri Ivanovich Korshunov, Валерий Иванович Коршунов, 27 April 1942 – 7 September 2022) was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut. He is the record holder for the longest single stay in space, staying aboard the Mir space station for more than 14 months (437 days 18 hours) during one trip. His combined space experience was more than 22 months.

Selected as a cosmonaut in 1972, Polyakov made his first flight into space aboard Soyuz TM-6 in 1988. He returned to Earth 240 days later aboard TM-7. Polyakov completed his second flight into space in 1994–1995, spending 437 days in space between launching on Soyuz TM-18 and landing with TM-20, setting the record for the longest time continuously spent in space by an individual.

Early life
Polyakov was born in Tula in the USSR on 27 April 1942. Born Valeri Ivanovich Korshunov, Polyakov legally changed his name after being adopted by his stepfather in 1957. He was educated at the Tula Secondary School No. 4, from which he graduated in 1959.

He enrolled in the I. M. Sechenov 1st Moscow Medical Institute, where he graduated with a doctoral degree. Afterwards, he enrolled in the Institute of Medical and Biological Problems, Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, where he specialized in astronautics medicine. Polyakov dedicated himself to the field of space medicine in 1964 after the flight of the first physician in space, Boris Yegorov, aboard Voskhod 1.

Cosmonaut career

Polyakov was selected as a cosmonaut in Medical Group 3 on 22 March 1972. His first flight into space occurred on Soyuz TM-6 in 1988. After staying aboard the Mir space station and conducting research for 240 days, Polyakov returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-7. His first words upon return were "We can fly to Mars.”

Polyakov's second spaceflight, the longest human spaceflight in history, began on 8 January 1994 with the launch of the Soyuz TM-18 mission. He spent approximately 437 days aboard Mir, conducting experiments and performing scientific research. During this flight, he completed just over 7,000 orbits of the Earth. On 9 January 1995, after 366 days in space, Polyakov formally broke the spaceflight duration record previously set by Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov six years earlier. He returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-20 on 22 March 1995. Upon landing, Polyakov opted not to be carried the few feet between the Soyuz capsule and a nearby lawn chair, instead walking the short distance. In doing so, he wished to prove that humans could be physically capable of working on the surface of Mars after a long-duration transit phase.

Polyakov volunteered for his 437-day flight to learn how the human body would respond to the micro-gravity environment on long-duration missions to Mars. Upon returning from his second spaceflight, Polyakov held the record for the most total time in space. Data from Polyakov's flight has been used by researchers to determine that humans are able to maintain a healthy mental state during long-duration spaceflight just as they would on Earth.

Polyakov underwent medical assessments before, during, and after the flight. He also underwent two follow-up examinations six months after returning to Earth. When researchers compared the results of these medical exams, it was revealed that although there were no impairments of cognitive functions, Polyakov experienced a clear decline in mood as well as a feeling of increased workload during the first few weeks of spaceflight and return to Earth. Polyakov's mood stabilized to pre-flight levels between the second and fourteenth month of his mission. It was also revealed that Polyakov did not suffer from any prolonged performance impairments after returning to Earth. In light of these findings, researchers concluded that a stable mood and overall function could be maintained during extended duration spaceflights, such as crewed missions to Mars.

Spaceflights

 * Soyuz TM-6 / Soyuz TM-7 – 28 August 1988, 04:23:11 UTC to 27 April 1989, 02:57:58 UTC – 241 days, 22 hours, 34 minutes and 47 seconds
 * Soyuz TM-18 / Soyuz TM-20 – 8 January 1994, 10:05:34 UTC to 22 March 1995, 04:04:05 UTC – 437 days, 17 hours, 58 minutes and 31 seconds

Later life
Polyakov retired from his position as a cosmonaut in June 1995, with a total of just over 678 days in space. He participated in experiment SFINCSS-99 (Simulation of Flight of International Crew on Space Station) in 1999. Polyakov was the Deputy Director of the Ministry of Public Health in Moscow, where he oversaw the medical aspects of long-duration space missions. He was a member of the Russian Chief Medical Commission, participating in the qualification and selection of cosmonauts. He also held membership in the International Space Researchers' Association and the International Academy of Astronautics. Polyakov was married and had one child.

After returning from space, Polyakov remained active in the discipline of international spaceflight, becoming a "cosmonaut-investigator" for the United States, Austria, Germany, and France during their respective space science missions to the Mir space station. He died on 7 September 2022 at the age of 80.

Legacy
Polyakov won several awards for his spaceflight and academic achievements, including the Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Russian Federation, Order of Lenin, Order of the Legion of Honour, and the Order of Parasat. He was a member of organizations related to astronautics, including the Russian Chief Medical Commission on cosmonauts' certification.

Polyakov held the title of "Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR" and published several works pertaining to life sciences, medical aspects of space missions, and the results of research conducted on long-duration spaceflights.

Polyakov's record for longest cumulative time in space of 678 days over two missions stood until surpassed in 1999 by cosmonaut Sergei Avdeyev with a total of 747 days in space during three different missions.

Honours and awards

 * Hero of the Russian Federation
 * Hero of the Soviet Union
 * Hero of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
 * Officer of the Legion of Honour (France)
 * Order of Lenin
 * Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR
 * Prince of Asturias Award (now renamed Princess of Asturias Awards, Spain)
 * Order of Parasat (Kazakhstan)
 * Order of The Saur Revolution (Afghanistan)
 * Order of the Sun of Freedom (Afghanistan)

title: Valeri Polyakov


text:
Bread and Puppet Theater

The Bread and Puppet Theater (often known simply as Bread & Puppet) is a politically radical puppet theater, active since the 1960s, based in Glover, Vermont. The theater was co-founded by Elka and Peter Schumann. Schumann is the artistic director.

The name Bread & Puppet is derived from the theater's practice of sharing its own fresh bread, served for free with aïoli, with the audience of each performance to create community, and from its central principle art should be as basic as bread to life. Some have heard echoes of the Roman phrase "bread and circuses" or the labor slogan "Bread and Roses" in the theater's name as well, though these are not often mentioned in Bread & Puppet's own explanations of its name.

The Bread and Puppet Theater participates in parades including Independence Day celebrations, notably in Cabot, Vermont, with many effigies including a satirical Uncle Sam on stilts.

History
Peter and Elka Schumann founded The Bread & Puppet Theater in 1963 in New York City. It was active during the Vietnam War in anti-war protests, primarily in New York City, prompting Time reviewer T.E. Kalem to remark in 1971, "This virtual dumb show is as contemporary as tomorrow's bombing raid." Many people remember it as central to the political spectacle of the time, as its enormous puppets (often ten to fifteen feet tall) were a fixture of many demonstrations. A Sicilian puppet show had inspired Schumann, and TB&PT inspired other groups across the continent, including Gary Botting's Edmonton-based People & Puppets Incorporated, which in the early 1970s also used effigies yards-high to depict political themes and social commentary in radical street theatre. In 1970 the Theater moved to Vermont, first to Goddard College in Plainfield, and then to a farm in Glover where it remains. The farm is home to a cow, several pigs, chickens, and puppeteers, as well as indoor and outdoor performance spaces, a printshop, a store, and a large museum showcasing over four decades of the company's work. TB&PT has received National Endowment for the Arts grants, awards from the Puppeteers of America, and other organizations.

In 1984 and 1985 they toured colleges with an indoor play, The Door, which told the story of "the massacre of Guatemalan and El Salvadorian Indians and the plight of refugees trying to escape through a diabolically opening and closing door to the North." With "only minimal use of the spoken word", the play made its points "with great simplicity and beauty."

Until 1998, Bread & Puppet hosted its annual Pageant and Circus (in full, Our Domestic Resurrection Circus), in and around a natural amphitheater on its Glover grounds. In the 1990s, the festival began drawing crowds of tens of thousands, who camped on nearby farmers' land during the annual, summer weekend of the pageant. The event became unmanageable, and concerned itself less with the theater's performance. In 1998, a man was killed by accident in a fight while camping overnight for the festival, forcing director Peter Schumann to cancel the festival. Since then, the theater offers smaller weekend performances all summer, and traveled around New York and New England, with occasional tours around the U.S. and abroad. The theater runs a program where apprentices help produce and act in performances. In New York City, Bread & Puppet performs at Theater for the New City during the holiday season each year.

"Cheap Art" and Theater Funding
The Bread & Puppet Theater operates under what they call the “Why Cheap Art” Manifesto. This a principle that states art should be accessible to the public, not “a privilege of museums & the rich.” The theater is quoted as claiming: "art is not a business." Bread & Puppet productions are free or paid for by donation, and related art is for sale "for very little money."

The theater operates on a “shoestring" budget. This means that staff are historically paid as low as $35 a week (in 1977) and that many items used in the production of the theater, including clothing and raw puppet materials, are obtained second hand or by donation. The theater typically has been known to generate the funds necessary for production by going on tour. Although government grants are available to the theater, Schumann rejects the "absurdity" of grants for protest, insisting the lack of aid "leaves him freer to experiment." This attitude towards business led Schumann to disband the communal company of the theater in 1973 out of concern that the theater was coming too close to a "pattern of the professional theater." Disbanding the company gave Schumann "uncompromising control" over production.

"Cheap art" is said to be a core principle of the theater, and is reflected both in its ethics and in its aesthetics. Ethically, the theater is described as anticapitalist and generally is regarded as having a "hippie" viewpoint, Aesthetically, the theater is often described as "slapdash" or "unsightly," as well as modest and "distinctively homemade."

Causes
Specific causes supported by the theater include:
 * Opposition to warfare
 * Opposition to registering for the draft
 * Opposition to the World Trade Organization
 * Support of the shut down of Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant
 * Support for the Sandinista National Liberation Front revolution in Nicaragua (1979–1990)
 * The Zapatista Uprising of 1994
 * The MOVE Organization

Fire (1965)
An hour long play that critiqued the ongoing war in Vietnam. It was dedicated to American protesters who died after setting fire to themselves and depicted life for Vietnamese villagers during the war.

Birdcatcher in Hell (1971)
A Kyōgen that critiqued President Nixon's pardoning of soldiers involved in the My Lai Massacre.

Stations of the Cross (1972)
Described by Larry Gordon, at the time the general manager of the company, as a "partially metaphoric [and] partially literal" rendering, Stations of the Cross was a contemporary interpretation of the New Testament story of Jesus' suffering on the way to his eventual crucifixion. Gordon provided the music direction for the production, the first time Sacred Harp music was performed at Bread and Puppet. Elka Schumann stated that the production was also a metaphor for the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Joan of Arc (1979)
A show that incorporated musical instruments and puppetry into a retelling of the story of St. Joan. This work also had a revival in 1999. Taiwan is the first Asian country to show the new version of Joan of Arc in 2009.

Mending the Sky/Bu Tian (1994)
A collaboration between Bread and Puppet Theatre and the 425 Environmental Theatre in Taipei, Taiwan. The play focused on current pollution issues in Taiwan through references to traditional Chinese mythology. In particular, the show depicted the goddess Nüwa and called attention to the pollution of the Tamsui River in its first performances. Later performances focused on different geographical features affected by pollution depending on where the show took place. For example, the work focused on the Love River when it was shown in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Overall, the effectiveness of this collaboration was called into question because many of the members of the 425 Environmental Theatre engaged in environmentally harmful practices (such as smoking) and a part of the show involved burning a puppet which created a considerable amount of black smoke. Still, the work received praise from critics for its relevant social messages.

Bread Baker's Cantata (1999)
Performed alongside the revival of Joan of Arc. It was a slow paced play that depicted an old woman's last day on Earth using singers and actors.

Books and Publications
In addition to the theater, some of the Bread & Puppet puppeteers operate the Bread & Puppet Press, directed by Elka Schumann, who is Peter Schumann's wife (and granddaughter of Scott Nearing). The press produces posters, cards and books on the Theater's themes as well as other forms of "cheap art."

Publications from the Bread & Puppet Press include:

 * Cheap Art Manifestos
 * 10 Purposes of Cheap Art
 * Importance of Cheap Art
 * Why Cheap Art?
 * Comics
 * 40 How Tos
 * Courage
 * Life and Death of Charolette Solomon
 * Off to Lubberland
 * Planet Kasper Volume I
 * We Grass

Notable Contributors
Notable writers and performers who have participated in the theater, include:

 * Children's theater performer Paul Zaloom.
 * Writer Grace Paley.

2000 Republican National Convention
Bread & Puppet volunteers were among the seventy-nine people arrested at a warehouse in Philadelphia during the 2000 Republican National Convention. The Associated Press reported the scene of the "SWAT-style" raid was broadcast live by news helicopters. Years later, the AP explained there "was tense talk (later proved unfounded) of terrorist plots being hatched in the 'puppetista' headquarters, of bomb building and anarchist-fueled mayhem." Its report did not include the police's side of the story.

"A couple of our folks were down there, helping to build puppets", said Linda Elbow, company manager for Bread & Puppet. "The cops went into the studio...arrested people, and took the puppets. So, now, puppets are criminals."

2001 Halloween Parade
The Bread & Puppet Theater is a regular participant in New York's Village Halloween Parade, noted for its use of giant puppets. In 2001, Bread & Puppet did not march in the parade. The Theater's plans that year included a presentation protesting the War in Afghanistan. The Halloween parade was to occur fifty days after and 1.5 miles away from the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center. It was this attack which was the pretext for starting the war which Bread & Puppet Theater was protesting, and the company's "anti-war stance" reportedly "...already placed it at odds with some New Yorkers", according to Dan Bacalzo of TheaterMania.com. Many of the parade's macabre elements were suspended that year by its director Jeanne Fleming. It was not known until October 25 whether it would even take place.

Linda Elbow commented, "We certainly weren't saying 'Hooray for the terrorists.' We were saying, 'Look what you're doing to the people of Afghanistan.'"  An unattributed quote in Bacalzo's report — "What you're bringing, we don't want" — suggests it was the group's selection of material that was unwelcome, not the group itself. The report did not make it clear how the decision was made, or who made it; the incident was included as secondary background material in a piece publicizing an upcoming Bread and Puppet show. Fleming, who was not interviewed by Bacalzo (but is quoted as if she was), says that Bread and Puppet was not "disinvited", adding that it was she who first invited the company to march in the parade when she took over as organizer.

In December 2001 the Theater returned to New York with The Insurrection Mass with Funeral March for a Rotten Idea: A Special Mass for the Aftermath of the Events of September 11th. It was presented at Theater for the New City, and billed as "a nonreligious service in the presence of several papier-mâché gods." The "Insurrection Masses" are a common format for the Bread & Puppet Theater, as are such "Funerals", though the "rotten" ideas change.

Critics' comments
Writers to have praised Bread & Puppet include historian Howard Zinn, who cited its "magic, beauty, and power", and poet and NPR commentator Andrei Codrescu, who wrote: "The Bread & Puppet Theater has been so long a part of America's conscious struggle for our better selves, that it has become, paradoxically, a fixture of our subconscious."

The theater’s protestations of the Vietnam war and message of peace generally received positive television coverage, as noted in peace focused magazine WIN. Keith Lampe, in WIN, also positively comments on the theater's 1966 anti-war demonstration by commending Peter Schumann’s “concern for movement,” “sound,” and “appearance.”

In a 2015 criticism of the theater’s production “The Seditious Conspiracy Theater Presents: A Monument to the Puerto Rican Political Prisoner Oscar Lopez Rivera,” Gia Kourlas describes the show as “patchy,” at times “more cute than pointed,” and seemingly “preaching to the converted.”

Reference in popular media
The Bread & Puppet Theater has a visual reference in the 2007 Julie Taymor film Across the Universe. The movie replicated characters such as Uncle Fatso, Washer Women, White Ladies, and the many armed Mother head. The Bread & Puppet Circus Band also has a reference in the costumes of the circus band during "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!". The difference between the real life costumes and the ones made for the movie is the real life ones are red and black, whereas in the movie they are white and black. The Bread & Puppet Theater is in the film's credits.

In her 2008 memoir "A Freewheelin' Time: A Memoir of Greenwich Village In The Sixties", New York painter and illustrator, Suze Rotolo, notes she worked a fabrication job with TB&PT early in 1963 near Delancy Street on the lower east side of Manhattan. Rotolo, at the time, was the girlfriend and muse of Bob Dylan and was the inspiration for the songs "Suze (The Cough Song)", "Don't Think Twice, It's Alright", "Tomorrow Is a Long Time", "One Too Many Mornings", and "Boots of Spanish Leather".

title: Bread and Puppet Theater


text:
28th Canadian Parliament

The 28th Canadian Parliament was in session from September 12, 1968, until September 1, 1972. The membership was set by the 1968 federal election on June 25, 1968, and it changed only slightly due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1972 election.

It was controlled by a Liberal Party majority under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and the 20th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party led by Robert Stanfield.

The Speaker was Lucien Lamoureux. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1966-1976 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

There were four sessions of the 28th Parliament:

Members of the House of Commons
Members of the House of Commons in the 28th parliament arranged by province.

Nova Scotia

 * * Russell MacEwan resigned and was replaced by Elmer MacKay in a May 31, 1971 by-election.

Quebec

 * * On April 1, 1971 all members of the Ralliement Créditiste rejoined to the Social Credit.
 * ** Bernard Pilon died in office on November 17, 1970. He was replaced by  Yvon Heureux in a 1971 by-election
 * *** Bernard Dumont resigned from parliament and was replaced by Léopold Corriveau in a 1970 by-election
 * **** Roch La Salle quit the Tory party on May 5, 1971, when leader Robert Stanfield rejected a proposal to recognize Canada as being made up of two nations
 * † Léo Cadieux left parliament to become ambassador to France and was replaced by Maurice Dupras in a 1970 by-election
 * †† Raymond Rock crossed the floor on March 12, 1972, over protests that the government gave backbenchers too little influence
 * ††† Joseph-Alfred Mongrain died in office on December 23, 1970, and was replaced by Claude G. Lajoie in a 1971 by-election

Ontario

 * * James E. Brown was appointed ambassador and was replaced by Derek Blackburn in a 1971 by-election
 * ** On December 3, 1969, Sylvester Perry Ryan left the Liberal Party to sit as an independent, uncomfortable with Trudeau's policies. On September 11, 1970, he joined the Progressive Conservatives.
 * *** On May 21, 1971, Paul Hellyer left the Liberal Party to sit as an independent, protesting the government's economic policies. On July 25, 1972, he joined the Progressive Conservatives.

Manitoba

 * * George Muir died in office on August 26, 1970, and was replaced by Jack Murta in a by-election later that year.
 * ** Edward Schreyer left parliament to become leader of the Manitoba NDP and then Premier of Manitoba he was replaced by Doug Rowland in a 1969 by-election.

Saskatchewan

 * * A.B. Douglas died in office and was replaced by Bill Knight in a 1971 by-election

British Columbia

 * * Richard Durante won in 1968 by only nine votes over Tom Barnett. After several irregularities were found the result was declared void and Tom Barnett won the subsequent redo held on March 8, 1969.
 * ** Colin Cameron died in office and was replaced by Tommy Douglas in a February 10, 1969 by-election

title: 28th Canadian Parliament


text:
Kitikmeot Region

Kitikmeot Region (Inuktitut: Qitirmiut ᕿᑎᕐᒥᐅᑦ ) is an administrative region of Nunavut, Canada. It consists of the southern and eastern parts of Victoria Island with the adjacent part of the mainland as far as the Boothia Peninsula, together with King William Island and the southern portion of Prince of Wales Island. The regional centre is Cambridge Bay (population 1,766; ).

Before 1999, Kitikmeot Region existed under slightly different boundaries as Kitikmeot Region, Northwest Territories.

Transportation

Access to the territorial capital of Iqaluit is difficult and expensive as there were no direct flights from Kitikmeot Region communities to Iqaluit. For example, Iqaluit is approximately 1069 km from Kugaaruk, the closest Kitikmeot community. A one-way flight to the capital costs between $2,691 and $2,911 (as of November 2016) and involves flying to, along with an overnight stay in, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, approximately 1310 km southwest of Kugaaruk—in total, a trip of about 3627 km.

As is the case for the rest of Nunavut, there is no road access to the region and all places are fly-in. All five hamlets have certified airports: Cambridge Bay Airport, Gjoa Haven Airport, Kugaaruk Airport, Kugluktuk Airport and Taloyoak Airport, with scheduled flights by Canadian North.

There are also four registered aerodromes in the region. Cambridge Bay Water Aerodrome is a floatplane base open in the summer only. George Lake Aerodrome, an ice runway is only open from January to April, and serves the Back River Gold Project. Goose Lake Aerodrome also serves the Back River Gold Project and has both ice and gravel runways. Hope Bay Aerodrome serves the Hope Bay mine site and is a gravel runway. The former Doris Lake Aerodrome, was a 7894 ft ice runway, and was the longest in the region, it served the Doris Lake mine.

Climate
The Kitikmeot Region has a harsh subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) and a tundra climate (Dfc) with long, very cold winters and short, cool summers.

Politics
The region is home to the only two communities in Nunavut that voted "no" in the 1982 division plebiscite: Cambridge Bay and Kugluktuk. The region has four electoral districts;
 * Cambridge Bay, which covers Bathurst Inlet, Cambridge Bay and Umingmaktok. The seat is held by Jeannie Ehaloak.
 * Gjoa Haven, which covers the community of Gjoa Haven and is held by Tony Akoak.
 * Kugluktuk, which covers Kugluktuk. The seat is currently held by Calvin Pedersen, who was elected by acclamation in a July 2020 by-election
 * Netsilik, which covers Taloyoak and Kugaaruk. The seat is held by Emiliano Qirngnuq.

Former districts include Akulliq, which covered Kugaaruk and Naujaat in the Kivalliq Region. It was the only electoral district in Nunavut to cross two regions. Nattilik, which covered Gjoa Haven and Taloyoak. The previous incumbent was the former federal Minister of Health, Leona Aglukkaq.

In 2007 at their AGM, Bob Lyall, a board member of the Kitikmeot Inuit Association, suggested the formation of a political party called the Bloc Kitikmeot to run in the next general election and to advocate for a separate Kitikmeot Territory. Bobby Lyall, along with his brother Kitikmeot Corporation president, Charlie Lyall and delegates Martina and Connie Kapolak, argued that the Government of Nunavut had spent most of the infrastructure money available from the federal government in the Baffin Region (Qikiqtaaluk Region). However, the party was not formed and consequently no members ran for a seat in the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut which continues to run as a consensus government.

Hamlets

 * Cambridge Bay population: 1,766;
 * Gjoa Haven population: 1,324
 * Kugaaruk population: 933
 * Kugluktuk population: 1,491
 * Taloyoak population: 1029

Other

 * Bathurst Inlet population: 0
 * Umingmaktok population: 5
 * Kitikmeot, Unorganized population: 0

Protected areas

 * Ovayok Territorial Park
 * Northwest Passage Territorial Park
 * Kugluk/Bloody Falls Territorial Park
 * Queen Maud Gulf Migratory Bird Sanctuary
 * Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Kitikmeot Region had a population of $6,458$ living in $1,677$ of its $1,954$ total private dwellings, a change of NaN% from its 2016 population of $6,543$. With a land area of 432108 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

The Kitikmeot Region also doubles as one of three census divisions in Nunavut, the others being the Kivalliq (also known as the Keewatin) and the Qikiqtaaluk (also known as the Baffin) regions. Of the three the Kitikmeot is the smallest in size being 1343.8 km2 smaller than the Kivalliq. It has the smallest population and is the least densely populated of the three. The population is predominantly Inuit (90.0%) with 0.7% other aboriginal peoples, 0.3% North American Indian and 0.4% Métis, and 9.3% non-Aboriginals.

title: Kitikmeot Region


text:
Talk:List of governors of Tennessee

Untitled
In the Tennessee Blue Book, John P. Buchanan's party is given as "Farm-Labor", not Democratic. He was apparently head of the "Farmer's Alliance" and elected as a 3rd party candidate. 207.69.140.21 19:01, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Fixed. Danthemankhan 04:21, Jun 10, 2005 (UTC)

Blount's occupation
Was the military really William Blount's profession? He served during the Revolution, but for most of his active life he was a land speculator. Bms4880 (talk) 23:32, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Numbering of Governors
Would anybody be able to include the numbers? GoodDay (talk) 16:01, 21 January 2010 (UTC)

 * Why? The state doesn't number them in the Tennessee Blue Book at http://state.tn.us/sos/bluebook/05-06/42-past_govs.pdf . --Orlady (talk) 19:20, 21 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I've tried all kinds of combinations to bring the total up to 49 & have failed. The problem has to be inconsistancy with the Governors who've served non-consecutive terms. Some must've been counted multiple times, while others weren't. GoodDay (talk) 20:46, 12 December 2011 (UTC)
 * That is my torment with the Virginia list - their official numbering doesn't jibe in any way with the list of governors. It's why I've pretty much abandoned that one for now. --Golbez (talk) 20:51, 12 December 2011 (UTC)

 * If you don't count Edward H. East, and if you don't count non-consecutive 2nd terms (Sevier, Carroll, Johnson, RTaylor, Browning, Clement, Ellington), you get 49th for Haslam. I'll need to go back and re-do some infoboxes if non-consecutive 2nd terms aren't counted.  Curiously, the Blue Book counts Robert Caruthers, the Confederate successor to Isham Harris, even though he never took office. Bms4880 (talk) 18:48, 4 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I emailed the Tennessee State Library, and they agreed that Blount and Caruthers are not being counted, and second nonconsecutive terms are not being counted, thus making Haslam the 49th governor. I'll modify the infoboxes to reflect this.  Bms4880 (talk) 14:04, 5 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Have there been any published reliable sources listing actual numbers and accounting for non-consecutive terms? At present the number for everything over 2 appears dubious.  The bluebook link given earlier doesn't appear to provide numbers for them.  Might be best to dispense with numbers altogether for TN unless there is an actual published and accepted definition...rather than what look like doubtful numbering schemes.  If numbers are given that are clearly out of line with commonly accepted practice, then a note and reference should be given for each one explaining the scheme.  The discrepancy is painfully obvious when comparing to Texas (Sam Houston, gov. of both TN and TX) and the U.S. where non-consecutives are numbered.  Red Harvest (talk) 07:40, 28 November 2014 (UTC)

 * The Tennessee Blue Book, which is published by Tennessee's Secetary of State, and dozens of other publications refer to Haslam as the 49th e.g., Bredesen as the 48th, and Sundquist as the 47th. It took some digging, but I found references in older Blue Book versions to Clement as the 41st and Andrew Johnson as the 15th.  It's confusing how they do it, but it does appear to be consistent over the years.

 * The official list isn't numbered, but if you remove Blount (territorial governor) and Caruthers (never took office), it comes to 49. Bms4881 (talk) 15:31, 28 November 2014 (UTC)

 * The problem is that it doesn't appear to be a reliable, official method. Instead it has the look of relatively recent sloppy accounting in the TN SOS office or effort to patch prior errors (perhaps by predecessors) that has not been properly examined/challenged.  The first Blount would not qualify anyway since he was a territorial governor.  Those that never took office similarly would not make the list. The Blue book link does not explain methodology and does not provide numbers for the table listing.  It really doesn't appear that TN has any consistent method for this. The current sentence in the article appears to be synthesis: "All governors are counted only once, regardless of number of terms served (e.g., John Sevier is considered the 1st governor, rather than the 1st and 3rd governor)."  I'm not seeing that in the Blue book reference given.  It says he was the 1st, but makes no comment on whether or not he was also the 3rd.  Numbers being assigned in later years look more like a listing of how many governors there have been rather than an actual numbering of governors, and as those of us commenting know, it makes a difference.
 * This is frustrating because there doesn't appear to be a "right answer" at present. It doesn't really matter which answer is "correct", but we do need a good analysis of this from a reliable source or sources before choosing.   We can't do original research or synthesis to determine it, which seems to be the corner that we are presently in.  There are a couple of questions that are needed to resolve this:  Has TN historically numbered the terms? If they did, what was the original numbering scheme?  Has it changed?  Did they really intend for it to be different than what appears to be the standard in the U.S.?
 * At present any numbering of terms for TN governor is dubious, because they don't appear to have an official publicized method for doing it. Instead, it has the appearance of trying to explain discrepancies in recent numbers for a few governors. Red Harvest (talk) 20:33, 28 November 2014 (UTC)

John P. Buchanan
Does the Blue Book list Buchanan as a Democrat or "Farm-Labor"? Bms4880 (talk) 16:11, 14 November 2012 (UTC)

Formatting of Other High Offices Held
I'm fairly confident that it is only by some error I have been unable to locate or remedy that the table for governors who went on to other offices is formatted to lie to the right of the list of governors -- there is some overlap whereby, e.g., Lamar Alexander's service is at the same height of each table, but not enough for me to think it intentional -- but I don't know how to fix it and can imagine, anyway, that I'm mistaken. Anyone care to have a crack at either fixing or explaining the setup?Czrisher (talk) 19:38, 8 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Bizarre. I tried adding a section header for Other high offices held.  The TOC recognizes this heading, but it doesn't appear in the article body.  I'm guessing that would fix the problem.  As far as I can tell, the formatting is the same as List of Governors of Mississippi, so I don't see how the heading shows up on that list but not this one. Bms4880 (talk) 21:36, 8 July 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on List of Governors of Tennessee. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20041022182750/http://www.state.tn.us/sos/bluebook/online/conofficers.pdf to http://www.state.tn.us/sos/bluebook/online/conofficers.pdf

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:14, 9 December 2017 (UTC)

Possibly Swapping Occupation for Prior Offices?
I figure the occupation aspect was more applicable to 19th century governors, but I wonder if a better use of the occupation space would be an area for prior offices. For example, with his twelve years in Congress, Governor Sundquist has a substantially different background from Governor Lee. However, Sundquist and Lee are both simply listed as "businessman".

I'd also like to further note that Lamar Alexander has "US Senator" listed under "occupation" although he was not a Senator for more than a decade after his term as governor. In either case, I find the "occupation" column strange and inconsistent.Lrd31e (talk) 16:25, 11 February 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:28, 9 February 2019 (UTC)
 * TN Governor BillLee.jpg

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:List of Governors of New York which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 14:31, 11 April 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:23, 30 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Bill Lee portrait 2022 second term.jpg

title: Talk:List of governors of Tennessee


text:
Eric Newby

George Eric Newby (6 December 1919 – 20 October 2006 ) was an English travel writer. His works include A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush, The Last Grain Race and A Small Place in Italy.

Early life
Newby was born in Barnes, London, and grew up near Hammersmith Bridge, London. His father, George, was a partner in a firm of wholesale dressmakers, and his mother, (Minnie) Hilda (née Pomeroy) had been a dress model at Harrods. Newby was educated at St Paul's School; after leaving school he worked for two years at the Dorland advertising agency until 1938 when, at the age of 18, he apprenticed aboard the Finnish windjammer Moshulu and took part in the "grain race" from Australia to Europe by way of Cape Horn. This voyage was subsequently described in The Last Grain Race and pictorially documented in Learning the Ropes.

Military career
During the Second World War, Newby was commissioned in the Black Watch in 1940. As a junior officer in the Rajput Regiment of the British Indian Army, he studied for six months of 1941 in Fatehgarh, India, for the Lower Standard Urdu Examination that was required to command Indian troops abroad. After passing the examination he was posted to North Africa.

He served in the Black Watch and the Special Boat Section, and was captured during an operation against the coast of Sicily in August 1942. He was awarded the Military Cross in 1946 for his part in the raid.

Newby was sent to a prisoner-of-war camp, PG21, at Chieti, a few miles inland from Pescara on the Adriatic coast, and later to PG49 at Fontanellato, near Parma. Escaping with Michael Gilbert and other British prisoners after the Italian Armistice, he was helped to hide in the Apennine countryside by a Slovene anti-fascist woman, Vanda Škof (later Wanda Skof), who married him after the war and became a companion on his travels. These experiences were described in his memoir Love and War in the Apennines, which focuses on how he was helped by ordinary Italians. A film, In Love and War, was made in 2001 based on the book, starring Callum Blue as Newby and Barbora Bobuľová as Wanda. He was free until January 1944, when he was recaptured.

Postwar career
After the war, he spent 17 years working on and off in the women's fashion business. In 1956, he set out to climb Mir Samir in the Hindu Kush of Afghanistan with his friend Hugh Carless, an expedition later chronicled in A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush. The voyage included a chance meeting with the English explorer Wilfred Thesiger. From 1964 to 1973, Newby was Travel Editor for The Observer newspaper.

Later life and recognition
In 1967, Newby and his wife began restoring a dilapidated farmhouse in the foothills of the Apuan Alps in Italy. A Small Place in Italy, a memoir of the couple's experiences in renovating the house, was published in 1995.

Newby was awarded a CBE in 1994 and the Lifetime Achievement Award of the British Guild of Travel Writers in 2001. His life and work were profiled in ITV's The South Bank Show, directed by Tony Knox, in 1994. In the same decade, he made travelogues for the BBC, returning to Parma with his wife Wanda in The Travel Show (TV programme) (1994) and visiting one of his favourite cities, Istanbul (1996), both films directed by Paul Coueslant.

Newby's last published book was A Book of Lands and Peoples, which appeared in 2003. He died aged 86 in Guildford, Surrey.

Selected bibliography

 * The Last Grain Race (1956) = Tempêtes en mers du sud
 * A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush (1958) = Un petit tour dans l'Hindu
 * Something Wholesale: My Life and Times in the Rag Trade (1962)
 * Slowly Down the Ganges (1966) = Au fil des fleuves
 * Time off in Southern Italy: The Observer Guide to Resorts and Hotels (ed.) (1966)
 * My Favorite Stories of Travel (ed.) (1967)
 * Grain Race: Pictures of Life before the Mast in a Windjammer (1968)
 * Wonders of Britain: A Personal Choice of 480 with Diana Petry (1968)
 * Wonders of Ireland: A Personal Choice of 484 with Diana Petry (1969)
 * Love and War in the Apennines (1971)
 * When the Snow Comes, They Will Take You Away  ("Love and War in the Apennines" 1971 USA edition by Charles Scribner's Sons)
 * The Mitchell Beazley World Atlas of Exploration (1975)
 * Great Ascents: A Narrative History of Mountaineering (1977)
 * The Big Red Train Ride (1978)
 * A Traveller's Life (1982)
 * On the Shores of the Mediterranean (1984)
 * A Book of Travellers' Tales (ed.) (1985)
 * Round Ireland in Low Gear (1987)
 * What the Traveller Saw (1989)
 * A Small Place in Italy (1994)
 * A Merry Dance Around the World: The Best of Eric Newby (1995)
 * Learning the Ropes: An Apprentice in the Last of the Windjammers (1999)
 * Departures and Arrivals (1999)
 * A Book of Lands and Peoples (2003)

title: Eric Newby


text:
Fairchild T-46

The Fairchild T-46 was an American light jet trainer aircraft of the 1980s. It was cancelled in 1986 with only three aircraft being produced.

Design and development
The United States Air Force (USAF) launched its Next Generation Trainer (NGT) program to replace the Cessna T-37 Tweet primary trainer in 1981. Fairchild-Republic submitted a shoulder-winged monoplane with a twin tail, powered by two Garrett F109 turbofans and with pilot and instructor sitting side by side. Part of the rationale was an expectation of increasing levels of general aviation traffic. A pressurized trainer would permit training at higher altitude, leading to fewer restrictions on the new pilots.

In order to validate the proposed aircraft's design, and to explore its flight handling characteristics, Fairchild Republic contracted with Ames Industries of Bohemia, New York to build a flyable 62% scale version. Burt Rutan's Rutan Aircraft Factory in Mojave, California was contracted to perform the flight test evaluations, with test pilot Dick Rutan doing the flying. The scale version was known at Rutan as the Model 73 NGT, this flying on 10 September 1981. One requirement was for the aircraft to be able to go into a spin, but to also have easy recovery from the spin. This was demonstrated using the Model 73 NGT.

Fairchild's design, to be designated T-46, was announced winner of the competition on 2 July 1982, with the USAF placing an order for two prototypes and options for 54 production aircraft. It was planned to build 650 T-46s for the USAF by 1991.

The aircraft first flew on 15 October 1985, six months later than originally programmed date of 15 April. Costs had increased significantly during the development process, with the predicted unit cost rising from $1.5 million in 1982 to $3 million in February 1985. The 1985 Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act mandated spending cuts for the US government in an attempt to limit the national debt, and while testing did not reveal any major problems, Secretary of the Air Force Russell A. Rourke cancelled procurement of the T-46, while allowing limited development to continue. While attempts were made in Congress to reinstate the program, which resulted in the FY 1987 budget being delayed, an amendment was passed to the 1987 Appropriations Bill to forbid any spending on the T-46 until further evaluation of the T-46 against the T-37 and other trainers took place.

The project was cancelled a little more than a year later,. The T-46 was the last project of the Fairchild Republic Corporation, and after the program termination Fairchild had no more income. Without any new contracts and the NGT program cancelled, the company closed the Republic factory in Farmingdale, New York, bringing 60 years of Fairchild aircraft manufacturing to an end.

The aircraft itself featured a side-by-side configuration, a twin (or "H") tail (similar to the company's A-10), ejection seats, pressurization, and two turbofan engines. Had it gone into full production the NGT program called for 650 aircraft being built up to 1992. There was potential for some overseas sales as well, such as in the light ground attack role in addition to its role as a trainer.

Operators

 * United States Air Force
 * United States Air Force

Aircraft on display
All three prototypes have been preserved:
 * 84-0492 can be seen at the Air Force Flight Test Center Museum at Edwards Air Force Base, California.
 * 84-0493 is under restoration at the National Museum of the United States Air Force.
 * 85-1596 can be seen at the AMARG "Celebrity Row" during the AMARG bus tour from the Pima Air Museum, Arizona
 * The Model 73 NGT Flight Demonstrator can be seen at the Cradle of Aviation Museum, New York

title: Fairchild T-46


text:
Talk:Phrygian mode

F# minor being Phrygian (True or false??)
This article says F# minor is Phrygian, but what does this mean?? Of course, it it makes sense that the F# Phrygian mode is a mode of the D Major scale, namely, F#-G-A-B-C#-D-E. True or false; this is what the sentence means. 66.245.117.183 19:03, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * "Additionally F# minor is sometimes referred to as Phrygian."
 * I removed the sentence. Hyacinth 00:20, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Removed
I removed the above sentence because far from being interesting the observation is self-evident. If you define the Phrygian mode as the major scale, then of course only pitches in the major scale will be in the Phrygian mode. Hyacinth 00:18, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * "Interestingly, a note is in the Phrygian mode of a given tone if and only if the given tone is in the major scale of the note being mentioned first."

I dont understand this sentence. "Confusingly, the Phrygian mode is the same as the mediaeval and modern Dorian mode." If this is true then why does dorian mode of c major start on "D" and the phrygian in c start on "E"--Esmason 02:04, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The sentence says that what the ancient Greeks called Phrygian mode is exactly the same as the mediaeval and modern mode called the Dorian mode. All that happened was that the meaning of the names was misinterpreted in mediaeval times. This mode consists of the intervals tstttst, whereas the major mode is ttsttts (where a t is a tone, s is a semitone). Therfore,
 * C major is C D E F G a b c
 * Greek Phrygian in C is C D Eb F G a bb c
 * Mediaeval/modern Dorian in C is C D Eb F G a bb c (same as above)
 * Greek Dorian in C is C Db Eb F G ab bb c
 * Mediaeval/modern Phrygian in C is C Db Eb F G ab bb c (same as above)
 * D major is D E F# G a b c# d
 * Greek Phrygian in D is D E F G a b c d
 * Mediaeval/modern Dorian in D is D E F G a b c d (same as above)
 * Greek Dorian in D is D Eb F G a bb c d
 * Mediaeval/modern Phrygian in D is D Eb F G a bb c d (same as above)
 * E major is E F# G# a b c# d# e
 * Greek Phrygian in E is E F# G a b c# d e
 * Mediaeval/modern Dorian in E is E F# G a b c# d e (same as above)
 * Greek Dorian in E is E F G a b c d e
 * Mediaeval/modern Phrygian in E is E F G a b c d e (same as above)
 * I hope that makes it a little more clear. --Gareth Hughes 16:07, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

Too clear cut?
I've been fascinated by Ancient Greek music theory and have been studying it for a little while, and I'm worried that this description of the Ancient Greek concept of "Phrygian" (and indeed all of the modes) is far too clear-cut given the current understanding. From what source have you derived this description, is it Aristides Quintillianus? The Quintillianus explanation (sorry if I'm spelling that wrong) is highly suspect. Alypius, though certainly not without his problems as well, has a completely different and, at least for some, more definitive description of the Ancient Greek tonoi (which may not even translate comfortably as mode at all) which seems to place the concept somewhere closer to the modern-day idea of key.

I certainly wouldn't suggest ommitting the description currently in the article, but I would suggest giving the source of this description more obviously and adding some alternate understandings of the Greek concept of tonoi. For instance, the description of a "phrygian tetrachord" in the article is very strange. It implies that there were different tetrachords for each mode, but that seems highly unlikely to be the case. Although just plain "tetrachord" was undoubtedly of massive importance to Ancient Greek music theory, it does not appear to have any bearing on modal or tonoi considerations. The only types of tetrachord I'm aware of in Ancient Greek thinking are diatonic, chromatic, and enharmonic; which are often considered to ROUGHLY represent W-H-W (e.g. D-E-F-G), H-H-m3 (e.g. D-Eb-E-G), and 1/4-1/4-M3 (e.g. D-Dquarter# -Eb-G) respectively. Only the relative choice of tetrachords within the Greater Perfect System seem to have had any bearing on mode or tonoi.

I guess this is just a long-winded request for more information/source-citing. I haven't changed the article because I'm new here and am still trying to get my mind around the basic protocols. --P4limpsest

Project for Mode Articles: Standardization and Consolidation
The mode articles are a mess when taken together. The articles need to be standardized and some of the general information consolidated into the Musical mode article and removed from all the articles about specific modes.

a few specific propositions:

corresponding information
 * I think all the mode articles should have corresponding information in corresponding sections. For example, the intervals that define the mode should be given at say, somewhere near the top of the article in a section called "intervals" or something (whatever, as long as its standard for all articles and maximally descriptive). Also things like if the scale is "symmetric" or "asymmetiric" or whether its a "minor" or "major" scale should be all in one place (perhaps a table would be best for these things).

Information about modes in general
 * All information that is about modes in general (i.e. applies to all modes) should be moved to the Musical mode article, and not mentioned in the articles about specific modes (all articles should of course be linked to the general Musical mode article). Information about idiosyncratic properties of the modes then will be easier to find that way, and there will be no confused and redundant info (sorta like this paragraph).

''Greek vs. modern terminology confusion'
 * Information about the confusion between the greek and modern terminology should stay in the Musical mode article, with a note at the top of each article--out of the main body--highlighting the terminology confusion (to eschew obfuscation). Perhaps there should be serperate disambiguable articles for the greek modes e.g. a article for Ionian (Greek Mode) and Ionian (Gregorian Mode).

avoiding articl style divergence with later editors not privy to the standardization project
 * As time passes, people who don't know about the effort to standardize the article no doubt will add information to the article in their own style, perhaps causing the articles to diverge in style over time. To avoid this, we can make a template to go at the top of each talk page that tells editors to keep in mind the style standardization (perhaps a project page--"metawiki pages" I think they are called--with a template and style explanation). Although this may not be that much of a problem, if the style is obvious and is suffieciently elegant to begin with.

Am I getting across the idea here? What do you guys think about such a project? I know there is a way to set up a wikiproject for this sort of thing, but I've never done it before. I'll look into how to do it. Any other ideas on how to make the articles fit better together? Any objections or improvements to the above suggestions? Brentt 09:28, 23 May 2006 (UTC)
 * PS please respond and discuss at the Musical mode talk page

Confusion about tetrachords
There is a discrepancy between this article and the Tetrachords article about the varieties of diatonic tetrachord. This article claims that the Phrygian tetrachord is "a series of rising intervals of a whole tone, followed by a semitone, followed by a whole tone," that is to say, TsT. The Tetrachord article, however, describes it as "a rising scale of a semitone followed by two tones," or sTT. I don't know myself which is correct, but the two articles should agree on one of them.

User:Ixionid, Dec 29 22:39:00 EST 2006.

Well-known music in this key
I plan on deleting any unsourced entries from this in a few weeks. (Listening to a piece and trying to figure out the key is not a source, and is also WP:OR.) Torc2 (talk) 08:28, 11 January 2008 (UTC)

Rewrite/partial cleanup
Hi. I've reorganized the article and done some cleanup. Here some of what I did:
 * Tried to make musical examples clearer, at least barring any actual images of chords and scales.
 * Simplify the sus4/jazz section. IANAJazzMusician so if you notice any mistakes, you know what to do.
 * Removed any glaringly extraneous copy from the Modern examples section. The relevance and usefulness of these sections can be dubious, so at least I've made it as inconspicuous as possible.

Here's some of what I didn't do:
 * Remove any copy. I did rewrite and rearrange, but it's basically intact. I think there's still some debris in there, but I'll let someone else take a crack at it.

Thanks for reading. --Blehfu (talk) 06:48, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Removed claim that "If You Seek Amy" is in Phrygian
The song is clearly in a minor (aeolian) tonality throughout the song, and the natural two is used throughout the song. Whoever put this up noticed there was a b2 in the chorus, but a single accidental doesn't mean this song is in Phrygian mode. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.192.216.178 (talk) 06:17, 11 May 2009 (UTC)
 * this is actually a major problem with all of these articles on musical modes. people are doing original research and adding information to articles without citing sources. sometimes they're right and sometimes they're wrong, but mostly no one can tell whether they're right or wrong. the list in mixolydian mode is maybe in the best condition, but the guitar nut citation is self-published and the rest of the article is mostly without sources. if you know of any reliable sources for any of these articles about modes, please either add them to the articles or mention them in talk and someone else will add them. —Chris Capoccia  T⁄C 07:26, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

Revert of improvement of references
diff — Summary: "revert arbitrary change of reference format without the required editorial consensus" It seems like a bit of a distortion to call my improvements "arbitrary". What should be properly understood as arbitrary is the home-brewed reference formatting that was in the article before. At least my format is follwing WP:CITE/ES. My changes also improved verifiability by adding DOIs and URLs and improved readability by following a standard order of elements in each reference and hyphenating the ISBNs. Finally, what kind of useful "editorial consensus" is present for this article when it's filled with original research? The "editorial consensus" is the reason why the article has a huge example section with only one self-published reference. —Chris Capoccia T⁄C 07:30, 23 October 2009 (UTC)
 * The reference formatting that you changed was hardly "home-brewed", unless you are labeling as such the Chicago Manual of Style preferred format, which is sanctioned at Citing_sources/example_style. If you believe that Wikipedia ought not to sanction this style, the correct place to raise the issue is on Wikipedia talk:Citing sources, not on individual article pages with established styles. While it may be true that there remains a lot of doubtful or OR material, almost entirely in the "modern" section and its list of examples, the many citations of the respected sources by Powers, Gombosi, and Solomon, particularly in the section labelled "Ancient Greek Phrygian mode" (though these sources ought also to be added to the section on Medieval and Renaissance usage) hardly merits being called "original research". ISBNs and URLs can be added to the list of References without disturbing the present citation format, which renders the text far more readable than a bunch of unsightly footnote numbers that require jumping back and forth (but this argument, too, belongs on Wikipedia talk:Citing sources, not here). The unreferenced "examples" ought simply to be removed, not used as an excuse for sidestepping the citation-format guidelines at Citing_sources and Citing_sources, where it says "editors should not change an article with a distinctive citation format to another without gaining consensus".—Jerome Kohl (talk) 18:44, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

Something's wrong...
I am quite sure this version of the major phrygian is false... the 1 b2, b3 ... is not major. It is the normal Phrygian mode which is minor!!! The major phrygian mode is 1 b2 3 4 5 6 7/#7 8. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.168.59.59 (talk) 09:20, 23 August 2010 (UTC)
 * There is no such thing as "major Phrygian". The passage to which you are apparently referring says it illustrates "how the modern major mode … can be altered to produce the Phrygian mode". In order to alter the major scale to Phrygian, it is necessary to lower scale-degrees 2, 3, 6, and 7, hence "1 ♭2 ♭3 4 5 ♭6 ♭7 1". If this is not clear as it stands, perhaps it should be rewritten to help avoid misunderstanding.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 15:44, 23 August 2010 (UTC)

The given Respighi example is not in Phrygian mode, it is in F major
I find this article very interesting overall, I would just like to point out a little factual mistake I noticed. The quoted Respighi theme, from Trittico Botticelliano as an example of Phrygian mode is not in that mode, but rather it is in F major. But there is a nice example that could replace it by Respighi that is in Phrygian mode and that is the opening the 1st prelude in Tre Preludi sopra melodie gregoriane (3 preludes on gregorian melodies) for piano, composed in 1919.

For your information, in 1925, Respighi orchestrated and transposed these 3 preludes, and added a 4th orchestral piece. He called the whole 4-part work Vetrate di chiesa (Church Windows). The 1st prelude became The Flight in Egypt and the phygian melody is heard by the clarinet. But i believe, to illustrate clearly the Phrygian mode, it would be better to use the original piano version. You could find a recording of this Prelude in the iTunes site. The track number of that particular prelude is 18.

The score of the Preludi can downloaded here. I think it is in public domain since Respighi died in 1936. I think the 1st three bars of the melody, at the top voice, would be sufficient to illustrate the Phrygian mode.

I would have edit the article myself, but i don't have the skills and the software to send the musical staff with the melody, nor the midi file. If someone could do it it would be nice. I am a professional violinist in a symphony orchestra. I am not an English native speaker, sorry for any mistake in this post.

Thank you

Claudio Ricignuolo — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.48.116.99 (talk) 07:31, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * You may well be right, but if the cited source (Benward & Saker) say it is in the Phrygian mode on A, then it is in the Phrygian mode on A. That is the sad situation on Wikipedia. According to Verifiability, "The threshold for inclusion in Wikipedia is verifiability, not truth". However idiotic, Benward & Saker will prevail until a contrary source can be found.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 07:49, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I defer to Prof. Kohl's expertise in the great majority of such matters, but if a published work says "idiotic" things, then how can it be considered a reliable source? Propagating previously published error should have no place in a responsibly written encyclopedia. The history of scholarship may be full of such clerical inanity, but we have no obligation to continue in a similar manner. __ Just plain Bill (talk) 15:24, 19 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Indeed we do not have any obligation to blindly accept such inanities (if inanity this be), but two things need to be weighed very carefully here. The first is: who will demonstrate that Benward & Saker are wrong on this point? No Wikipedia editor's assessment of the key of this musical example will suffice—it requires a reliable source. The second is that Benward & Saker, as a widely used college textbook, has been cited as an authority on dozens of music-theory-related Wikipedia articles (Chord (music), Diminished triad chord, Dominant seventh chord, Texture (music), Imitation (music), Diminished octave, Augmented seventh, etc.). If Benward & Saker can be shown to be so flagrantly wrong in such an elementary matter as this (and, since the book is now in its eighth edition, this can hardly be regarded as a teething problem), how can their reliability be accepted for any of those other articles?—Jerome Kohl (talk) 18:11, 19 January 2012 (UTC)

Source for Britten's St. Cecilia
Apologies for adding without one, but I think i've now found a good source for Phrygian mode in Britten's Hymn to St Cecilia: aberdeenbachchoir.com, Notes by Peter Parfitt, ©2011 Aberdeen Bach Choir.

If so, perhaps the entry can be re-added? Marcas.oduinn (talk) 22:59, 9 July 2019 (UTC)
 * The source only verifies Phrygian for the first section, though it could be trying to say the refrain is also in Phrygian. As long as you don't exceed what the source says, yes, I would say it looks reliable.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 23:16, 9 July 2019 (UTC)

Unholy Confession does not use Phrygian mode
The entire song uses both D natural and harmonic minor. A better example of a song with phrygian is Painkiller by Judas Priest (though they also have some instances of aeolian mode). I can't find a written source regarding Painkiller's use of phrygian, but I think we should talk more about the prevalence of phrygian in hard rock and heavy metal, if someone could find more sources for this. Yungstirjoey666 (talk) 21:18, 25 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Phrygian mode


text:
Talk:Vritra

Untitled
tamil

Untitled
Sugestion needed for Japanese version!
 * Now in Japanese Wikipedia, there is a article named "Wridra" (which is of course written in Japanese) and happened disscusion that insists "Vritra" should be the name of article. Well, maybe V in Vritra is actually sounded W so maybe it is can be said correct. However, I do not think D in Wridra is correct. Can anyone of you identify which is correct? --Ramendra 19:03, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

No, the name is correctly transcribed as Vrtra. Asdfgl 15:57, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Anything else
Is there any more information about Vritra that could be added to this article? Can the stub notice be safely removed now?--Grammatical error 14:17, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

Etymology and comparative mythology could/should be added (well cited, of course).Johundhar (talk) 19:52, 2 January 2022 (UTC)

Redirect?
I feel this article should be moved to Vrtra, because that is the original Vedic / Sanskrit pronunciation of the word. Gokulmadhavan 05:54, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

Glacier-melting theory
Why has been any mention to glacier-melting theory removed without a word (and without copying the text to the discussion page as well) by Dbachmann on October 18? What is the explanation for such a step? If the text or its thesis is controversial, or even plain wrong, it should at least be moved to the discussion page, which I am doing now. I am not an expert on Indology and Indian religion and culture, I just dislike such removals:

 * Some modern Indian geologists interpret the Vedic story as a description of the breakup of glaciers. B.P. Radhakrishna writes:
 * "Geological record indicates that during Late Pleistocene glaciation, the waters of the Himalaya were frozen and that in place of rivers there were only glaciers, masses of solid ice. As and when the climate became warmer, the glaciers began to break up and the frozen water held by them surged forth in great floods, inundating the alluvial plains in front of the mountains.... no wonder the early inhabitants of the plains burst into song praising Lord Indra for breaking up the glaciers and releasing water which flowed out in seven mighty channels (Sapta Sindhu). The analogy of a slowly moving serpent (Ahi) for describing the Himalayan glacier is most appropriate".

 * In one verse of a Rig-Vedic hymn eulogising Sarasvati, the latter is credited with the slaying of Vritra. Mention of this occurs nowhere else.

 * If, however, the above interpretation by B.P. Radhakrishna and other geologists is correct, then the Rig-Veda's description of Sarasvati as taking the life-force of Vritra could be an analogy referring to the goddess being the personification of a river. In Vedic times, the Sarasvati was main river channeling the Himalayan melt-waters to the ocean. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Critto (talk • contribs) 22:40, 3 November 2009 (UTC)

Other aspects of the theory

 * In this context we may refer to Indus Valley Civilization. It gives additional scientific explanation. Bhagat.bb (talk)--B3 05:19, 5 June 2010 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 17:18, 2 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Sanaka and other sages preaching to Shukracharya and Vrutrasura.jpg

title: Talk:Vritra


text:
Thermcon

THERMCON was the code name of an FBI operation which was launched in response to the sabotage of the Arizona Snowbowl ski lift near Flagstaff, Arizona, in October 1987 by three people from Prescott, Arizona, Mark Davis, Margaret Millet and Marc Baker. In a November 1987 letter claiming responsibility, the group called themselves the "Evan Mecham Eco-Terrorist International Conspiracy" (EMETIC). The group named themselves after Evan Mecham, the then-Governor of Arizona. The Arizona Snowbowl spent $50,000 repairing the damage.

EMETIC
EMETIC's first act was to damage a chairlift at the Fairfield Snow Bowl near Flagstaff, Arizona. During the incident an acetylene torch was used to cut bolts from several of the lift's support towers. A warning letter claiming responsibility for the damage also contained a threat to "chain the Fairfield CEO to a tree at the 10,000 foot level and feed him shrubs and roots until he understands the suicidal folly of treating the planet primarily as a tool for making money." Upon receipt of the letter the resort shut down the lift in order to repair the over US$50,000 in damages caused by the EMETIC.

The EMETIC made two other attacks against targets the group considered to be causing ecological damage before the FBI began arresting group members. In May 1989, three people from Prescott, Arizona, Marc Leslie Davis, Margaret Katherine Millet and Marc Andre Baker, were arrested on charges related to the sabotage against the Fairfield Sun Bowl and on conspiracy charges to damage powerlines leading from nuclear power plants in Arizona, California and Colorado. A fourth EMETIC member, Ilse Washington Asplund, was later arrested on related charges. All four individuals pleaded guilty and were sentenced in September 1991.

Short for "Thermite Conspiracy" – thermite being an incendiary mixture of powdered aluminium and iron oxide – Operation THERMCON employed more than 50 FBI agents and involved the infiltration of the group between 1987 and 1989 by undercover FBI agent Michael Fain, and the recruitment of Ron Fraizer, a friend of the three, as an informant. Despite the name "Thermite Conspiracy," cutting torches were the tool of choice for the group.

The operation culminated in the arrest of the three following an attempt to down a transmission tower in the Arizona desert which led from the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station. Two additional persons were also indicted as a result. The fourth was Ilse Apslund, a friend of the three from Prescott. The fifth, Dave Foreman, at the time the leader of Earth First! based in Tucson, Arizona, was not involved in the group but was nonetheless charged with conspiracy, on the grounds that he had given a copy of the book Ecodefense inscribed "happy monkeywrenching" and a $100 donation to undercover agent Michael Fain.

Trial
The FBI claimed the group was planning similar attacks on other powerlines in Arizona, Colorado and California. FBI testimony during and after the trial characterized the group's future plans as targeting powerlines to or from the Central Arizona Project Aqueduct, the Rocky Flats Plant, and the Diablo Canyon Power Plant.

Earth First! claimed the operation was intended to discredit Earth First! by linking its leaders to the conspiracy, particularly Dave Foreman. During the course of the operation, undercover agent Michael Fain (who used the name Mike Tait) was recorded saying "I don't really look for them to be doing a lot of hurting people... (Foreman) isn't really the guy we need to pop – I mean in terms of an actual perpetrator. This is the guy we need to pop to send a message. And that's all we're really doing... Uh-oh! We don't need that on tape! Hoo boy!" According to an FBI field office file released to Earth First! activists Judi Bari and Darryl Cherney in 1996, FBI agents provocateurs associated with THERMCON spent two years winning the trust of the Prescott group, actively encouraging them to sabotage powerlines and attempting – unsuccessfully – to convince the group that they should use, and even offering to buy, explosives for this purpose. FBI agents also selected the site and purchased and transported cutting equipment prior to the sabotage attempt on May 30, 1989, leading to accusations of entrapment.

Sentences
Attorney Gerry Spence represented the defendants. The four from Prescott entered into a plea bargain. Davis was sentenced to 6 years in prison and restitution of $19,821 to the Arizona Snowbowl. Millet was sentenced to 3 years and restitution of $19,821. Baker was sentenced to 6 months and a $5000 fine, and Asplund to 30 days and a $2000 fine. The four were sentenced in September 1991.

Dave Foreman's case was separated from the other four and sentencing was deferred until 1996, when the charges were reduced to a single misdemeanor and he was fined $250.

title: Thermcon


text:
User talk:ArisBranwin

Hmm, I was looking into things, but can't find any pages called Easter Bradford or James Warnock. Where are these folks mentioned please, could you provide a link for me? I'll take a look.

Welcome to wikipedia by the way. Nice to see you've gotten yourself a user name. Were you using any particular IP address to edit with first? Kim Bruning 19:04, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Yeah I was, I didn't actually know how to join wikipedia at first. So I figured I'd just sign on and comment. Apparently it was wrong or something. They say its hard to find info on this website about him, but I used google and yahoo search engines and kept finding everything about him linked to here.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Easter_Bradford/delete#November_2003

Thats how I found it. I did edit alot and post but apparently now they decided that the informationt hat was added was in bad form and I recieved no notices [like I asked for] about why any of my information was changed.. nor did I receive any information as to why my stuff was removed and the website was turned into a protected one. I read the backlog information and saw minor discrepencies of someone at an IP address saying that it was all due to some sort of disagreement and that the information I added was due to some argument or something, but I'm not sure how anyone could consider it to be that.

I'm confused about the whole situation.. and my questions that I posted to the alleged guy who works for wikipedia and deleted my information also deleted my questions to him earlier. So I have no idea whats going on.

 * That was RickK; he routinely deletes anything that is not signed (as he notes on his talk page). To sign your posts, ends them with ~ (that's four tildes, the key to the left of the "1" on your keyboard, when the "Shift" key is pressed.

 * Please also see my response to you on my talk page. -- orthogonal 02:42, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

okiedokie.. will try that. ArisBranwin 04:21, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

OK, now that you've signed your question, I'll answer it. The reason why I keep deleting your edits to the Easter Bradford page is because that page is an archive of the discussion as to why the Easter Bradford information was deleted, and is not meant to be an ongoing discussion. If you'd like to discuss it further, you could probably do it at the Village Pump. RickK 20:18, Aug 3, 2004 (UTC)

Well, what if I just up and create a new topic about him? Would that be bad? I've searched the village pump area and most of it sorta lacks well.. reasons for anything that I'd post there to be there. So if I just up and created a new area and with information that was to the point and such would that be considered a problem?

ArisBranwin 16:51, Aug 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * Hmm I read Talk:Easter_Bradford/delete, and goodness, what a mess really. Are you sure you really want to get into that? It might be handier to do something a little less nerve-wracking first and get the hang of things :-)

A month or so from now, once you feel confident, naturally you can have a look at reinstating the page. You could for instance go to Votes for undeletion and ask if maybe there's an old version hanging around some old backup for you to review and tidy. If that turns up nothing, you could try to start up a new page. Do note once again that there's some controversy to be found here, so you'd best roll up your sleeves. Also do make sure for yourself that it's really worth putting in the effort before you start on it. Remember, it's most important to Have Fun! Kim Bruning 17:13, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Well the reason why I was posting on wikipedia was because my friend [who actually IS EasterBradford/JamesWarnock] went missing over 5 weeks ago. Now I had come across this website before and it had alot more information on it then what was there before I started writing things. I pretty much was using Wikipedia to not only attempt to find him but to update what little information was there and what information wasn't from December 2003 to June 2004. Of course maybe I did it in a wrong about way or something like that. In any case I'm still looking for him and thought that even if I didn't find him on Wikipedia he'd read about it since he does google his name(s) to see whats been updated or said about him. I'm just hoping I eventually hear from him. [Of course I also DO wonder how wikipedia got part of my name and used it in one of their posts towards me which they shouldn't have done because isn't that against a persons privacy.. at least I think it is] ... ah well. ArisBranwin 04:09, Aug 5, 2004 (UTC)

Ah well, no biggie.. I'm not going to worry about I might find other stuff to write about. Tho I am glad people are actually available to help if and when I need it. Kinda comforting.

ArisBranwin 03:47, Aug 6, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:ArisBranwin


text:
Aleksandr Serebrov

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Serebrov (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Серебро́в, 15 February 1944 – 12 November 2013) was a Soviet cosmonaut. He graduated from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1967), and was selected as a cosmonaut on 1 December 1978. He retired on 10 May 1995. He was married and had one child.

Serebrov flew on Soyuz T-7, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-8, and Soyuz TM-17. He was one of very few cosmonauts to fly for both the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation that followed it. He held the record for most spacewalks, 10, until Anatoly Solovyev surpassed it. In all, he spent 371.95 days in space. Serebrov contributed to the design of Salyut 6, Salyut 7, and the Mir space stations. He helped design, and, according to a New York Times obituary, "was the first to test a one-person vehicle - popularly called a space motorcycle - to rescue space crews in distress and repair satellites." This vehicle, known as Icarus, was tested in February 1990, and remained onboard Mir for several years but was never used after that.

Serebrov died suddenly in Moscow on 12 November 2013, aged 69, and was buried on November 15 at Ostankinsky cemetery.

He is also known for playing Tetris on a Game Boy in the spacecraft, making it the first time a video game has ever been played in space.

Awards and honors

 * Title of Hero of the Soviet Union
 * Title of Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR
 * Order of Friendship of Peoples
 * Two Orders of Lenin
 * Order of the October Revolution
 * Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (Russian Federation)
 * Officer of the Legion of Honour (France)

Asteroid 365375 Serebrov, discovered by Timur Kryachko in 2009, was named in his memory. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 8 November 2019 (M.P.C. 118221).

title: Aleksandr Serebrov