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Going After Cacciato

Going After Cacciato is an anti-war novel written by Tim O'Brien and first published by Delacorte Press in 1978. It won the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction. O'Brien himself says that "Going After Cacciato is a war novel. However, this is a controversial idea due to the fact that the book is about a soldier going AWOL."

The novel is set during the Vietnam War and is told from the third person limited point of view of the protagonist, Paul Berlin. The story traces the events that ensue after Cacciato, a member of Berlin's squad, decides to go AWOL by walking from Vietnam to France, through Asia. Cacciato means "hunted"/"caught" in Italian.

Plot introduction
Typical of many stories that deal with themes of psychological trauma, Going After Cacciato contains distinct ambiguities concerning the nature and order of events that occur. The chronology is nonlinear for most of the book.

The main idea of the story is, by O'Brien's estimation, that being a soldier in Vietnam for the standard tour of duty entails constant walking; if one were to put all the walking in a straight line, one would end up in Paris, where Cacciato is going.

Paul Berlin, the main character, is a frustrated soldier. During one night while on watch duty, Paul Berlin thinks about the past and events that lead him to daydream about going to Paris. The courage it takes to chase one's dreams is a recurring theme, which is often expressed through Paul Berlin's reveries.

Cacciato, who is always portrayed as self-sufficient and happy, is pursued by Berlin and his comrades in arms. Cacciato's actions are sometimes portrayed as those of a man who is not particularly bright or gifted, but who is untroubled by the larger questions of the war itself.

In the chapter "Tunneling Toward Paris", the characters escape the endless tunnels by "falling out" just as they fell in; this allusion to Alice In Wonderland helps to reveal the story as surrealistic fiction. This surrealism also appears earlier in the novel, when Cacciato flies off a mountain.

Characters

 * Paul Berlin - Narrator/protagonist, who thinks up the chase after Cacciato.
 * Sarkin Aung Wan - Burmese refugee who saves the squad many times, such as the time they became lost in a Vietcong tunnel complex.
 * Cacciato - Soldier who goes AWOL (to Paris).
 * Frenchie Tucker - Dies in a tunnel, shot in the nose.
 * Bernie Lynn - Is killed after following Frenchie Tucker into the tunnel and is shot underneath in part of his throat.
 * Eddie Lazzutti - Soldier in the Third Squad.
 * Stink Harris - Leads party; is "trigger happy." He once had ringworm.
 * Harold Murphy - Another soldier in Berlin's squad. Murphy leaves early on since he feels the mission is worthless and the penalty for it is too great.
 * Buff - Short for Water Buffalo, is known for his big size. He dies while the platoon is trying to cross a field. Berlin commonly refers to his death as "life after death" because his face remains in his helmet after he is killed.
 * Cpt. Fahyi Rhallon - One of the Savak. Tries to arrest the squad in Iran.
 * Billy Boy Watkins - One of the casualties in Berlin's squad. Watkins is referred back to many times, often accompanied by a short song that the squad sung frequently about his death. Watkins died after he stepped on a defective mine which severed his foot from his leg. Although not mortally wounded, he enters a state of shell-shock and dies. Doc Peret claims Watkins died of fright. Watkins, especially via his song, demonstrates how soldiers cope with the death around them, sometimes subliminally morphing tragedy into comedy to lessen the fear.
 * Ready Mix - Died during an assault of a hill in the Highlands. No one knew his real name; the mention of this character serves to illustrate a common superstition among soldiers in Vietnam that it was best not to get to know someone if you thought he was going to die soon.
 * Doc Peret - The squad's medical aide. He sometimes uses M&M's as a type of medicine for those under his care, usually as a way to calm down the over-reactive and the dying.
 * Lt. Sidney Martin - The former lieutenant of Berlin's squad; insisted on following SOP (Standard Operating Procedures). One of the SOPs in Vietnam was to search all tunnels before detonating them; Martin enforced this rule sternly. None of the men in the squad wanted to search tunnels after seeing Tucker and Lynn die. The men in the squad attempt to plead with Martin, but he sternly restates that they must search tunnels before blowing them. In the end, all the men in the squad agree to kill Lt. Martin. The exact manner of death is never stated, except that Lt. Martin died in the tunnels. He was also an officer from West Point.
 * Lt. Corson - Frequently referred to simply as the Lieutenant. He takes command of the platoon after Lieutenant Martin, the de facto leader of Berlin's squad. It is stated that he was busted down twice from a higher rank, once fairly and once not. As the story moves on the "Lt." is too old for the war and wants to go back to his country. He is always "sick", says Doc, and the sickness is called homesickness. When the squad reaches India, he is temporarily cured when he meets a woman — a married hotelier who had once studied in Baltimore, Maryland — but he becomes sick again when the squad moves on.
 * Rudy Chassler - Dies from injuries sustained after stepping on a land mine.
 * Jim Pederson - A religious man, who dies in rice a paddy after being shot multiple times by the door gunners in the Chinook helicopter that dropped the platoon there. As he dies, he attempts to shoot down the Chinook. He carries postcard pictures of Christ with him.
 * Oscar Johnson - Black soldier in the Third Squad. He said that the Vietnam cold made him think of Detroit in the month of May, "lootin' weather." It is suggested that Johnson may not be from Detroit at all, despite his ghetto posturing — his mail comes from and goes to Maine, and one of his nicknames is "the nigga from Ba Haba."
 * Ben Nystrom - Shot himself in the foot to escape active duty in Vietnam.
 * Vaught - Another soldier in their Squad who loses an arm due to infection and leaves the war.

Style
The Famous Authors website writes, "His incorporation of metaphysical approach attributed a rich quality to his writing style. ... According to him, sometimes the fictional truth is more realistic than [the] factual one. It is because of the fact that fictional truth appeals to the emotion and feelings which makes the literature more meaningful."

As a Study Guide notes, the story is told in the third person from Paul Berlin's point of view. Paul Berlin's narrative jumps from his current situation to a (possibly) imaginary observation post where he is on guard duty, to another imaginary trip from Vietnam to Paris, chasing a deserter named Cacciato. Berlin's last name suggests the divisions in his thinking, moods, and desires; Berlin, Germany was divided by the victorious powers following World War II, and remained so at the time of the novel's writing.

Readers have found many passages puzzling; the LitCharts editors explain, "There are scenes in the novel that seem extremely realistic, scenes that require the suspension of disbelief, and some scenes that are nothing short of impossible — indeed, the plot of the book itself (a group of US soldiers travels all the way from Vietnam to Paris in search of a soldier from their platoon who has wandered off) sounds like a fairy tale. ... The issue, then, is understanding O'Brien's blend of the believable and the unbelievable, and incorporating it into our comprehension of the book... One of the most common phrases critics used to describe Going After Cacciato, at least at the time, was 'magical realism.'"

An example occurs in Chapter 36 (entitled, fittingly, "Flights of Imagination")

"A miracle, Paul Berlin kept thinking. It was all he wanted -- a genuine miracle to confound natural law, a baffling reversal of the inevitable consequences. ... A miracle, he thought, and closed his eyes and made it happen. And then a getaway car -- why not? It was a night of miracles, and he was a miracle man. So why not? Yes, a car. Cacciato pointed at it, shouted something, then disappeared."

The reality of Cacciato himself has been put in doubt by some critics. Interior evidence suggests that Paul Berlin might be conflating Cacciato with himself. Paul thinks that

"There was something curiously unfinished about Cacciato. Open-faced and naive and plump, Cacciato lacked the fine detail, the refinements and final touches, that maturity ordinarily marks on a boy of seventeen years. The result was blurred and uncolored and bland. You could look at him then look away and not remember what you'd seen."

He also sees Cacciato's face in the moon floating above the squad and as "fuzzy, bobbing in and out of mist" (p. 10) -- pretty much in any environment in which Paul Berlin finds himself.

Paul Berlin occasionally finds himself explaining or translating for Cacciato. When the men first leave their post and first spot Cacciato in the mountains, they see through binoculars that he opens his mouth to speak; then thunder roars. The other soldiers speculate that Cacciato is trying to emulate a chicken, trying to squawk and fly. It is Paul who tells the lieutenant that what Cacciato said was "Good-bye." (p. 11)

Florman and Kestler argue that "At many points, it's suggested that the story of Berlin's journey from Vietnam to Paris — in other words, the plot of the novel we're reading — is a story Berlin is telling himself as a way of coping with his fear and anxiety. It's as if the more fantastic parts of the book are playing out in one man's head — not because he believes they could really happen, but because he needs to believe in something."

Critical reception
Richard Freedman, writing in The New York Times and suggesting that Cacciato is a Christ figure, said, "By turns lurid and lyrical, Going After Cacciato combines a surface of realistic war reportage as fine as any in Michael Herr's recent Dispatches with a deeper feel -- perhaps possible only in fiction -- of the surrealistic effect war has on the daydreams and nightmares of the combatants. To call Going After Cacciato a novel about war is like calling Moby Dick a novel about whales." Freedman sees influences by Ernest Hemingway and says, "...far from being a high-minded, low-voltage debate on the rights and wrongs of Vietnam, Going After Cacciato is fully dramatized account of men both in action and escaping from it."

title: Going After Cacciato


text:
Wolf Dog

Wolf Dog, also known as A Boy and His Dog, is a 1958 Western film directed and produced by Sam Newfield and produced by Regal Films. The film stars Jim Davis and Allison Hayes.

Cast

 * Jim Davis

Production
In August 1957, Newfield and a camera crew filmed the movie in and around Markdale, Ontario, near Owen Sound, Ontario, Canada.

The movie co-starred Hollywood actors Jim Davis, Allison Hayes and John Hart along with Canadian actors Austin Willis and Tony Brown. Several locals were offered a chance to be unpaid "extras". Among those were Paul Hutton, Jerry Bartley, Constable Clarence Bowins, David Jackson, Officer Jack Johnston, Ron Wyvill, Don Wyvill.

Reception
While not an artistic or commercial success, the film is noteworthy in that it was created almost 40 years before Telefilm Canada and federal government subsidies enabled big-name movies to be filmed in Canadian locales. Markdale residents were delighted to have Hollywood make a film in their town.

It was hoped a film set in "The Great North Country" would be a crossover hit in the U.S. and the Commonwealth, both lucrative movie markets. For reasons unknown, the film disappeared from the public eye for almost 50 years. An unsubstantiated rumor suggested one of the main actors wanted all traces of the film destroyed. The only known copies of the film are an incomplete version stored at the National Archives of Canada and a complete version at the U.S. Library of Congress.

Copies of the movie can be found at the Markdale Public Library, Ontario, Canada, donated by the creator of the fan site, Jeff Wilson. He, along with actors from the film, Ron Wyvill and Paul Hutton, appeared in a short documentary made by Rogers Television, Owen Sound. Wilson and Wyvill also organized several screenings in the town of Markdale, Ontario, where the film was originally shot. There is also a link to a radio interview with Ron Wyvill on YouTube which can be found under the channel Toonguy85, belonging to Wilson.

All distribution copyrights belong to 20th Century Fox.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wolf Dog


text:
Marshmallow creme

Marshmallow creme (also called marshmallow fluff, marshmallow stuff, marshmallow spread, marshmallow paste, or simply fluff) is a marshmallow confectionery spread similar in flavor, but not texture, to regular solid marshmallow. One brand of marshmallow creme is Marshmallow Fluff, which is used to make the fluffernutter sandwich, a New England classic comfort food which debuted in 1918 in Massachusetts, just a year after marshmallow creme was invented.

History
Many late-19th-century "marshmallow paste" recipes produced solid foods. The earliest mention of marshmallow creme in an American cookbook is from Fannie Farmer's Boston School Cook Book, printed in 1896. However, the author does not give a recipe for marshmallow cream in this book, instead giving a recipe for marshmallow paste in the cake filling section. In 1902, Mrs. Rorer's New Cook Book by Sarah Tyson Rorer describes her recipe for "marshmallow filling".

Around the beginning of the 20th century, Somerville, Massachusetts, resident and inventor of the product Archibald Query started selling his version door-to-door. He soon afterward sold the recipe to two candy makers in Swampscott, Massachusetts, H. Allen Durkee and Fred Mower, for $500. The product first hit market shelves in cans as Toot Sweet Marshmallow Fluff in 1917. The first two words were dropped soon after the packaging changed to a glass jar in the 1940s. Today, the Durkee-Mower company is one of only three companies in North America to produce marshmallow creme, the other products being Kraft Jet-Puffed Marshmallow Creme and Solo Marshmallow Creme. Fluff's ingredients include corn syrup, sugar syrup, vanilla flavor, and egg whites.

Fluff continues to be a regional tradition in the Northeastern United States. Since at least 2006, the city of Somerville has celebrated Query's original creation of Fluff with an annual festival in Union Square titled What the Fluff?. Typical activities at the festival have included Fluff-themed science fairs, a marshmallow launching robot from Somerville High School's FIRST Robotics team, gallery shows, cooking contests, and carnival games. In 2011, actress Susan Olsen, most famous for portraying Cindy Brady on the Brady Bunch, attended the festival, where she sold her Fluff-inspired art.

Uses
One popular use for marshmallow creme is in the "fluffernutter", a Fluff and peanut butter sandwich. According to a 2006 Boston Globe article, Massachusetts State Senator Jarrett Barrios proposed a restriction on the number of weekly servings of fluffernutter sandwiches in the form of an amendment to a bill that would limit junk food in schools. The proposal was later dropped. Also in 2006, State Representative Kathi-Anne Reinstein planned to file a bill that would make the fluffernutter the official sandwich of Massachusetts.

Marshmallow creme is also a traditional confection in Arabic cuisine, where it is commonly referred to as soapwort meringue (natef). The original recipe is based on soapwort (roots of Saponaria officinalis) or roots of the marshmallow plant, but modern commercial varieties are nearly identical to marshmallow creme manufactured in North America. It was mentioned in a tenth-century Arabic cookbook, Kitab al-Ṭabīḫ (The Book of Dishes) by Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq.

title: Marshmallow creme


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User:JamesMLane/ArbCom supplement

This is a draft.

Within the section describing Kerry’s time in the Navy, there was a “Criticism” subsection. Rex renamed it “Military service and awards criticism” but, under either name, it was a subheading under “Military service” – quite properly, because it contained solely criticism about Kerry’s military service. Then, by this edit on August 12, Rex deleted one equal sign so as to elevate the discussion of the criticism of Kerry’s military service to a status equal to the service itself, i.e., a top-level section. His edit summary, at 15:29, 12 Aug 2004, read, in its entirety, “(Military service and awards criticism)”. As far as I can tell, he made no comments on Talk about this elevation of the criticism of Kerry, either before or after making the edit. He just did it.

The result of his edit was that there was a clear error in the organization, with a 2-equal-signs header followed immediately by a 4-equal-signs header, with no intervening 3-equal-signs header. In my next edit, in the course of making a smalll change in the section name to “Criticism of military service and awards”, I noticed this discrepancy in the hierarchy. I returned the section to the status it deserved and had long held, i.e., a 3= subheading under “Military service” instead of a 2= top-level heading. I discussed the name change on Talk but not the extra equal signs, because I thought the previous change must have been inadvertent -- the other headers hadn’t been moved up the ladder and, logically, this change made no sense.

Gamaliel had [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=John_Kerry&diff=5170806&oldid=5170711 corrected an accidental duplication of several sections, as he noted in his edit summary. His correction had been obliterated by Rex’s revert. This was clearly a knee-jerk revert by Rex, in that his edit summary stated, "(rv - Sections are not duplicate - please dialog before you again revert this, which is the baseline version - thank you)", but the version that resulted from Rex's revert did include duplication, with sections 3 and 4 repeating sections 1 and 2. Rex evidently reverted without even looking at the actual changes he was reverting, while inserting his ritualistic call for "dialog". Rex then returned to his campaign to promote the "Criticism" section, reverting my edit with an edit summary that merely identified the affected section (“Criticism of military service and awards”).

Gamaliel again corrected the duplication problem, in an edit that also restored the previous status of “Criticism” as a 3= subheading. Rex responded with an edit that again promoted the “Criticism” to where he wanted it, again with no discussion on Talk or in the edit summary (“Manually re-insert baseline versions to avoid duplicates”). Note here that Rex’s preferred change, though never discussed on Talk and never expressly mentioned in an edit summary, has suddenly somehow become one of the “baseline versions” in his mind, although only Rex favored it and Gamaliel and I had each in turn restored it to the version that existed before Rex went on this latest crusade.

The real insight into Rex’s editing style came after Neutrality restored the older version. Rex again promoted the “Criticism” section, in an edit in which, for the first time, he actually mentioned, in the edit summary, that there was some sort of organizational issue involved. What he wrote was: “(Fix TOC problem which was once again created my Neutrality's non-discussed reversion)”. In other words, it’s perfectly OK for Rex to reorganize the sections as he pleases, against the wishes of everyone else who’s editing the article, and without discussing it anywhere -– but when one of those other users restores the version that had long existed and that everyone else prefers, then that user, in going against Rex’s wishes, is creating a “problem” by making a “non-discussed reversion”. This is all too typical of Rex’s approach to dialog.

Neutrality, unintimidated by Rex’s characterization of his (and everyone else’s) view as a “problem”, reverted to the consensus viewpoint. Rex responded some seven minutes later with this edit, accompanied by the edit summary “(Restore TOC order by reinserting line which other keep removing in haste and error)”. So on August 12 the supposedly reformed Rex had no trouble assuming that edits reflecting the views of everyone else must have been made “in haste and error”.

A revert war ensued, with Neutrality on one side and Rex and VeryVerily on the other. The page was protected with Rex’s version in place. Soon after the page was unprotected, with the accusations of bad faith having cooled a bit, VeryVerily changed the “Criticism” heading back to where it had been before Rex began trying to promote it, 20 or so changes earlier.

The particular change Rex kept making isn't all that important, but it's pretty clearly wrong. The only reason to elevate the “Criticism” to being a separate section was that doing so was another opportunity for Rex to do everything he could to highlight and emphasize material that’s unfavorable to Kerry. Even VeryVerily, while agreeing with Rex on many points, saw that this change was unjustified. As in other such instances, notice how many users wasted how much time in trying to correct an anti-Kerry POV edit favored only by Rex.

The more important point, though, is Rex's approach to editing. I go through this history in such detail because it illustrates Rex’s fundamental problem: He is temperamentally unsuited to engage in collaborative editing, at least on a subject about which he feels so strongly. Over and over we've seen him fixated on his version of some point. His version is the “baseline.” No one should change his version without “dialoguing.”  Of course, merely explaining the change isn’t enough (he’s reverted plenty of changes that were explained on Talk) –- “dialoguing” to Rex means that we must continue to argue about the point unless and until he's persuaded, and in the meantime his version must stay in effect. In this instance, he berated Neutrality for not having discussed a change, when (1) Rex himself never discussed his own change, and (2) the other version, the one favored by everyone other than Rex, had been in place for a while before Rex decided to change it in his own undiscussed edit.

I’m certainly not arguing that a version that sits there for a while acquires some sort of squatter’s rights. Rather, my point is that, under these circumstances, Rex’s attitude shows that he fundamentally doesn’t accord respect to other users’ versions and opinions. He sees everything from the perspective of his preferred language. He doesn't genuinely consider the substance of other users' comments. He doesn't always read versions that he's reverting. Numerous other examples could be cited. I elucidate this one because it came three days after Rex told this Committee, "My inter-editor comments conduct has improved greatly in the last few days."

title: User:JamesMLane/ArbCom supplement


text: Talk:Roger Donaldson

title: Talk:Roger Donaldson


text:
Talk:Roger Donaldson/to do

 * describe more personal information (don't get too personal!!!!)
 * describe more about his career
 * add a section on awards nominated and won
 * insert a picture, but please make sure you verify it's copyright/get permission to use it first.

title: Talk:Roger Donaldson/to do


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Talk:Aega (goddess)

Anagram
Is is just a coincidence that Gaea (usually spelled Gaia, though) is an anagram for Aega, her daughter? • Benc • 08:09, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm pretty sure it is, since the spelling is different in the original Greek. Cool point, though! -Elizabennet 02:41, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aega (goddess)


text:
Talk:New Zealand Film Commission

Not sure why this says it was formed 1982 - it should be 1978 shouldn't it? Jamie Mackay (talk) 02:36, 24 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:New Zealand Film Commission


text: Category:Licking County, Ohio

title: Category:Licking County, Ohio


text:
Talk:New Zealand Film Commission/to do

 * put this under a category!

title: Talk:New Zealand Film Commission/to do


text:
Veryan

Veryan (Cornish: Elerghi) is a coastal civil parish and village on the Roseland Peninsula in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village has been described as one of Cornwall's loveliest inland villages and as ′a mild tropic garden′ by John Betjeman. It is probably best known for the round-houses, built by the vicar Jeremiah Trist in the early 19th century.

Geography
The southern boundary of the parish is along the English Channel from the Pendower stream in the west to Portholland in the east. To the west is the parish of Gerrans and on the east is St Michael Caerhays. Veryan is bounded by the parishes of Philleigh, Ruan Lanihorne and Tregony in the north. The parish comprises 5592 acre of land and 35 acre of water.

The A3078 is the main form of communication and runs along the north of the parish from St Mawes joining the A390 at Probus. The nearest railway stations are at Truro and St Austell. The main settlements are Veryan Churchtown, Veryan Green, Portloe and the smaller hamlets of Trewartha, Treviskey, Carne and Camels. Veryan is served by a post office (Veryan and Portloe Stores) and a public house (the New Inn).

History
Veryan was originally mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as the manor of Elerchi (now Elerkey in street names etc.), which was derived from 'elerch', the Cornish for 'swan'. The origin of the name is by corruption of "Symphorian" to "Severian" and then "Saint Veryan". The church is one of the few in west Cornwall for which there is no evidence of its existence before the Norman Conquest. The church was given by the lord of the manor of Elerky to the monks of Montacute in Somerset, c. 1110, but a later lord, John de Montacute, gave it to the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, ca. 1220, and they held it until 1859. The parish church of St Symphorian has an unusual plan with a tower south of the south transept and a north aisle. Parts of the church are Norman and others Decorated in style.

Melinsey Mill is situated within Veryan. The mill itself was built in 1565 and now the site stands as a tourist attraction which serves food.

In the 19th century Veryan's vicar and local land owner Jeremiah Trist expanded the village's buildings. He convinced parishioners to attend church on a regular basis, and built two schools and a series of round houses. The school for boys was built in 1814, and on its site now stands the present infant and junior school. A "school of industry" for girls was also built, now a thatched house behind the New Inn. The round houses were built between 1815 and 1818 by Trist, inspired by one in St Winnow. There is a pair at the entrance to the village at Veryan Green and another two at village entrance on the Pendower road. All four are thatched, while a fifth behind the school has a slate roof. Trist installed crosses on each of the houses and they were said to deter the devil from entering the village. The large house, Parc Behan, overlooking the church was also built by Trist as his dwelling: the vicarage was too small and in a bad state of repair.

Carne Beacon
Carne Beacon, lying a mile from Veryan, is said to be the burial place of the Cornish saint, King Gerennius (Geraint). Local folklore suggests that the burial mound contains the golden boat with silver oars, on which his body was brought across Gerrans Bay. There is no archaeological evidence for the existence of this boat.

During World War II, Carne Beacon became the site of the very first Cornish above ground aircraft reporting post. It opened in January 1940 as part of No 20 Group Truro and was designated the name of T2 Veryan Post. The site was chosen because of its advantageous views over the sea. Local residents strongly objected to its placing on such a hallowed point but they were overruled by the Air Ministry. The view was excellent for this post which was a wooden structure some 3 metres by 4 metres square. The post consisted of an observation area with aircraft plotting instrument and a small space for making refreshments and gaining shelter. They communicated by a land line telephone to Truro where the main operations room was based. It was continuously patrolled and had to report every aircraft in a ten-mile radius. It was later equipped with high frequency radio which enabled it to communicate with aircraft that sent out distress signals. It was later refurbished with concrete and remained in use after the war mainly manned in villagers spare time. In 1962 the site closed and moved to Nare Head. The site was demolished and some remains are viewable at the Veryan Post Museum. In present-day all that remains of the post are its concrete foundations.

Local government
In 1894 Veryan became part of the Truro Rural District which was abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and Veryan became part of Carrick District Council. The district was abolished in 2009 and Veryan now falls under the unitary Cornwall Council. Veryan also elects eleven councillors to the parish council. The vicarage cross consists of an ancient shaft with a modern base and cross head; it was erected early in the 20th century.

Sport
Veryan Sports and Social Club was opened in 1984 and provide facilities for cricket, bowling and tennis. Veryan Cricket Club was founded in 1860, although the game was played much earlier with a writer from The West Briton newspaper crediting Trist as inspiring the locals to play cricket since 1810. The team joined the Cornwall Cricket League in 1951 and played in Senior 1 East in 1983; the highest level in Cornwall at that time. They currently have two teams playing in Division 2 East and Division 6 Central. Their most famous player was David Halfyard.

Veryan Football Club play in the Duchy League and are the current champions of the second division; level 16 in the English pyramid system.

Tourism
Veryan attracts tourism due to its location on the Roseland Peninsula and has bed and breakfasts, hotels and guest houses. The round houses are also a factor in the parish's tourism interest and are rented out for accommodation. Veryan is also popular because of its location near the South West Coast Path, a route for keen walkers in Cornwall. Locals also let visitors use the Indoor Bowling Green. The village also has a Sports Pavilion with provision for tennis, cricket, bowls and a children’s playground. Carne Beacon also attracts visitors as it is open to the public with prior contact.

Film and television
Various scenes for the 1992 television drama series The Camomile Lawn, based on Mary Wesley's book of the same name, were filmed in Veryan (Broom Parc House) and on the coast at nearby Portloe.

title: Veryan


text:
Maurice de Broglie, 6th Duke of Broglie

Maurice de Broglie, 6th Duke of Broglie (27 April 1875 – 14 July 1960) was a French physicist. His younger brother was the theoretical physicist Louis de Broglie.

Early years
De Broglie was born in Paris, to Victor de Broglie and Pauline de La Forest d'Armaillé (1851–1928). Pauline's parents were Louis de La Forest d'Armaillé, Comte d'Armaillé and Marie Célestine Amélie d'Armaillé, the writer.

In 1901, he was married to Camille Bernou de Rochetaillée (1888–1966) in Paris. They had one daughter, Laure, born on 17 November 1904, who died, aged six, on 12 June 1911. He acceded to the title of duc de Broglie on his father's death in 1906. He died on 14 July 1960 in Neuilly-sur-Seine. His only child having died almost a half-century before, his brother Louis succeeded him as duke.

Having graduated from naval officer's school, Maurice de Broglie spent nine years in the French Navy, serving on a gunboat at Bizerte and in the Mediterranean Squadron. While serving, he became interested in physics, and began doing research on electromagnetism. De Broglie defied his family's wishes and left the navy in 1904 to pursue a scientific career. He studied under Paul Langevin at the Collège de France in Paris, receiving his doctorate in 1908.

Career
De Broglie made advances in the study of X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy. During the First World War, he worked on radio communications for the navy. After the war, he resumed his research at a large laboratory in his home. He occasionally collaborated with his younger brother Louis, who followed his professional lead and was training as a physicist, and they coauthored a paper in 1921. After Louis de Broglie's rise to prominence in the 1920s, building on some of their shared research, the elder de Broglie physicist continued his own research. While Louis was primarily a theoretician, Maurice's focus was mainly experimental.

De Broglie became a member of the Académie des sciences in 1924, and in 1934 was elected to the Académie française, replacing the historian Pierre de La Gorce. He had the unique honor of welcoming his own brother into the academy on the latter's induction. In 1942 he succeeded his mentor, assuming Langevin's chair in physics at the Collège de France. He was also elected to the Royal Society of London on 23 May 1940, having received the Royal Society's Hughes Medal in 1928.

title: Maurice de Broglie, 6th Duke of Broglie


text:
The Avridge Farm

The Avridge Farm is a comic strip created, written and drawn by Canadian cartoonist Jeff Wilson in 1987. The feature has appeared in dozens of community dailies, weeklies and farm specialty publications ever since.

The feature chronicles the trials and tribulations of hapless farmer Irv Avridge and his family as they adapt to farm life. This plot is further improved by the sarcastic and often inspiring asides by the family's precocious livestock. In 1993, Wilson published the treasury book Sincerely Chores, which features a collection of published Avridge Farm comic strips.

title: The Avridge Farm


text:
Greatest Hits 1984–1987

Greatest Hits 1984–1987 is the debut LP release by American rock band Reggie and the Full Effect. The album was well received upon release and is considered a classic by fans.

History
This is the first album released by Reggie and the Full Effect. It was recorded in 1998 and released in 1999, and was the only Reggie and the Full Effect album to be released on Second Nature Recordings, with all subsequent albums (including this album's 2004 reissue) being released on Vagrant Records. The album was re-issued in 2004 to include several bonus tracks and demos.

Reissue bonus tracks
The album was re-released in 2004 by Vagrant Records and included 7 bonus previously unreleased tracks.

Personnel

 * James Dewees - drums, lead vocals, piano
 * Matt Pryor - guitar, backing vocals
 * Rob Pope - bass
 * Ed Rose - Production, Mixing

title: Greatest Hits 1984–1987


text:
Caledonians

The Caledonians (Caledones or Caledonii; Καληδῶνες, Kalēdōnes) or the Caledonian Confederacy were a Brittonic-speaking (Celtic) tribal confederacy in what is now Scotland during the Iron Age and Roman eras. The Greek form of the tribal name gave rise to the name Caledonia for their territory. The Caledonians were considered to be a group of Britons, but later, after the Roman conquest of the southern half of Britain, the northern inhabitants were distinguished as Picts, thought to be a related people who would have also spoken a Brittonic language. The Caledonian Britons were thus enemies of the Roman Empire, which was the state then administering most of Great Britain as the Roman province of Britannia.

The Caledonians, like many Celtic tribes in Britain, were hillfort builders and farmers who defeated and were defeated by the Romans on several occasions. The Romans never fully occupied Caledonia, though several attempts were made. Nearly all of the information available about the Caledonians is based on predominantly Roman sources, which may be biased.

Peter Salway assumes that the Caledonians would have been Pictish tribes speaking a language closely related to Common Brittonic, or a branch of it augmented by fugitive Brythonic resistance fighters fleeing from Roman-occupied Britannia. The Caledonian tribe, after which the historical Caledonian Confederacy is named, may have been joined in conflict with Rome by tribes in northern central Scotland by this time, such as the Vacomagi, Taexali and Venicones recorded by Ptolemy. The Romans reached an accommodation with Brythonic tribes such as the Votadini as effective buffer states.

Etymology
According to German linguist Stefan Zimmer, Caledonia is derived from the tribal name Caledones (a Latinization of a Brittonic nominative plural n-stem Calēdones or Calīdones, from earlier Kalēdon[i]oi), which he etymologises as perhaps 'possessing hard feet' ("alluding to standfastness or endurance"), from the Proto-Celtic roots kal- 'hard' and pēd- 'foot', with pēd- contracting to -ed-. The singular form of the ethnic name is attested as Caledo (a Latinization of the Brittonic nominative singular n-stem *Calidū) on a Romano-British inscription from Colchester.

History

In AD 83 or 84, the Caledonians, led by Calgacus, were defeated at the hands of Gnaeus Julius Agricola at Mons Graupius, as recorded by Tacitus. Tacitus avoids using terms such as king to describe Calgacus and it is uncertain as to whether the Caledonians had single leaders or whether they were more disparate and that Calgacus was an elected war-leader only. Tacitus records the physical characteristics of the Caledonians as red hair and long limbs.

In 122 AD construction began on Hadrian's Wall, creating a physical boundary between Roman controlled territory, and the land the Romans deemed as Caledonia.

An effort by the Romans to invade and conquer Caledonia was likely made sometime during or shortly after 139 AD. In 142 AD, construction began on the Antonine Wall roughly 100 km North of Hadrian's Wall in order to aid in the Roman push into Caledonian territory and to consolidate their conquest of southern Caledonian territory. The Romans later abandoned this wall (around 158) to return to Hadrian's Wall to the south.

According to Malcolm Todd, the tribes of what is now Northern Britain and Scotland (probably including the Caledones) proved themselves to be "... too warlike to be easily contained...", leading to the extensive garrisons left by the Romans to contest the tribes. Fraser and Mason argue that the Caledones likely did not directly attack or harass the Romans during this time, but may have had minor conflicts with other tribes.

In AD 180 the Caledonians took part in an invasion of Britannia, breached Hadrian's Wall and were not brought under control for several years, eventually signing peace treaties with the governor Ulpius Marcellus. This suggests that they were capable of making formal agreements in unison despite supposedly having many different chieftains. However, Roman historians used the word "Caledonius" not only to refer to the Caledones themselves, but also to any of the other tribes (both Pictish or Brythonic) living north of Hadrian's Wall, and it is uncertain whether these later were limited to individual groups or wider unions of tribes. It is possible that this was the peoples of Brigantia rather than the Caledones. By the latter half of the 2nd Century AD, the actual Caledones would have likely had the Maeatae peoples between themselves and the Antonine Wall. During the reign of Commodus, a series of regular payments appear to have been made to the Caledonians by the Romans, continuing into the first few years of Severus' reign, according to John Casey.

In 197 AD Dio Cassius records that the Caledonians aided in a further attack on the Roman frontier being led by the Maeatae and the Brigantes and probably inspired by the removal of garrisons on Hadrian's Wall by Clodius Albinus. He says the Caledonians broke the treaties they had made with Marcellus a few years earlier (Dio lxxvii, 12).

The governor who arrived to oversee the regaining of control over Britannia after Albinus' defeat, Virius Lupus, was obliged to buy peace from the Maeatae rather than fight them.

According to James Fraser and Roger Mason, by the end of the 2nd century, the majority of Northern tribes had been merged in the Roman consciousness into either the Caledones or the Maeatae, leaving just those two tribes as the representatives of the region. The region itself had long been called Caledonia, and Malcolm Todd states that all residents were called Caledonians, regardless of tribal affiliations.

The Caledonians are next mentioned in 209, when they are said to have surrendered to the emperor Septimius Severus after he personally led a military expedition north of Hadrian's Wall, in search of a glorious military victory. Herodian and Dio wrote only in passing of the campaign but describe the Caledonians ceding territory to Rome as being the result. Cassius Dio records that the Caledonians inflicted 50,000 Roman casualties due to attrition and unconventional tactics such as guerrilla warfare. Dr. Colin Martin has suggested that the Severan campaigns did not seek a battle but instead sought to destroy the fertile agricultural land of eastern Scotland and thereby bring about genocide of the Caledonians through starvation.

By 210 however, the Caledonians had re-formed their alliance with the Maeatae and joined their fresh offensive. A punitive expedition led by Severus' son, Caracalla, was sent out with the purpose of slaughtering everyone it encountered from any of the northern tribes. David Shotter mentions Caracalla's dislike for the Caledonians and his wish to see them eradicated. Severus meanwhile prepared for total conquest but was already ill; he died at Eboracum (modern day York) in Britannia in 211. Caracalla attempted to take over command but when his troops refused to recognise him as emperor, he made peace with the Caledonians and retreated south of Hadrian's Wall to press his claim for the imperial title. Sheppard Frere suggests that Caracalla briefly continued the campaign after his father's death rather than immediately leaving, citing an apparent delay in his arrival in Rome and indirect numismatic and epigraphic factors that suggest he may instead have fully concluded the war but that Dio's hostility towards his subject led him to record the campaign as ending in a truce. Malcolm Todd however considers there to be no evidence to support this. Peter Salway considers that the pressures on Caracalla were too high, and security of the Romans' northern frontier were secure enough to allow their departure. Nonetheless the Caledonians did retake their territory and pushed the Romans back to Hadrian's Wall.

In any event, there is no further historical mention of the Caledonians for a century save for a c. AD 230 inscription from Colchester which records a dedication by a man calling himself the nephew (or grandson) of "Uepogenus, [a] Caledonian". This may be because Severus' campaigns were so successful that the Caledonians were wiped out; however this is highly unlikely. In 305, Constantius Chlorus re-invaded the northern lands of Britain although the sources are vague over their claims of penetration into the far north and a great victory over the "Caledones and others" (Panegyrici Latini Vetares, VI (VII) vii 2). The event is notable in that it includes the first recorded use of the term 'Pict' to describe the tribes of the area.

Physical appearance
Tacitus in his Agricola, chapter XI (c. 98 AD) described the Caledonians as red haired and large limbed, which he considered features of Germanic origin: "The reddish (rutilae) hair and large limbs of the Caledonians proclaim a German origin". Jordanes in his Getica wrote something similar:

"...The inhabitants of Caledonia have reddish hair and large loose-jointed bodies."

Eumenius, the panegyrist of Constantine Chlorus, wrote that both the Picts and Caledonians were red haired (rutilantia). Scholars such as William Forbes Skene noted that this description matches Tacitus' description of the Caledonians as red haired in his Agricola.

James E. Fraser argues that Tacitus and other Romans were aware of methods of Caledonians dyeing their hair in order to achieve the stereotypical red colour, and that it was likely misinterpreted as an ethnic identifier. Fraser also mentions that the pressure put on the Northern tribes, forcing them to move, may have led to the creation of identifiers specific to certain tribes, such as clothing or jewellery; some of the earliest examples of such identifiers include armlets, earrings, and button covers, as well as decorated weaponry.

Archaeology
There is little direct evidence of a Caledonian archaeological culture but it is possible to describe the settlements in their territory during their existence.

The majority of Caledonians north of the Firth of Forth would likely have lived in villages without fortifications in houses of timber or stone, while those living nearer to the Western coast would have more likely been using a form of dry stone. According to Malcolm Todd, "...'substantial houses' of the North may be over-represented in the archaeological record, by reason of their ability to more successfully survive as recognisable structures."

The hillforts that stretched from the North York Moors to the Scottish Highlands are evidence of a distinctive character emerging in northern Great Britain from the Middle Iron Age onwards. They were much smaller than the hillforts further south, often less than 10,000 square metres in area (one hectare, about 2.47 acres), and there is no evidence that they were extensively occupied or defended by the Caledonians, who appear to generally have had a dispersed settlement pattern.

By the time of the Roman invasion there had been a move towards less heavily fortified but better sheltered farmsteads surrounded by earthwork enclosures. Individual family groups likely inhabited these new fortified farmsteads, linked together with their neighbours through intermarriage.

The reason for this change from hilltop fortresses to farms amongst the Caledonians and their neighbours is unknown. Barry Cunliffe considers that the importance of demonstrating an impressive residence became less significant by the second century because of falling competition for resources due to advances in food production or a population decline. Alternatively, finds of Roman material may mean that social display became more of a matter of personal adornment with imported exotica rather than building an impressive dwelling.

Anne Robertson suggests that the Roman objects and materials (including relative finery and currency) found within many Caledonian structures indicates a trade network between the two cultures from as early as the first century AD, continuing until at least the fourth century AD.

title: Caledonians


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Thermotaxis

Thermotaxis is a behavior in which an organism directs its locomotion up or down a gradient of temperature.

Lab research has determined that some slime molds and small nematodes (namely Meloidogyne incognita) can migrate along amazingly shallow temperature gradients of less than 0.1°C/cm and sometimes as low as 0.001°C/cm. Theoretical analysis indicates that even this impressive feat is far from pushing the limits set by thermal noise. The natural environment always contains temperature gradients that organisms could respond to, if it were useful. The response of the slime mold and nematode is complicated and thought to allow them to move toward an appropriate level in soil. Recent research suggests that mammalian sperm employ thermotaxis to move to an appropriate location in the female's oviduct (see Sperm guidance).

title: Thermotaxis


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Public Toilet (film)

Public Toilet is a 2002 movie by Hong Kong director Fruit Chan, his first in digital format.

Plot
The story revolves around a Beijing man, "Dong-dong", who was born in a public toilet. To look for his past, he searches lavatories around the world.

Cast

 * Tsuyoshi Abe – Dong Dong
 * Ma Zhe – Tony
 * Pietero Diletti – Stone
 * Jang Hyuk – Kim
 * Jo In-sung – Cho
 * Kim Yang-hie – Ocean Girl
 * Jo Kuk – Jo
 * Sam Lee – Sam
 * Oh Se-jeong

Production
Chan was inspired by the terrible quality of public toilets in mainland China while filming Durian Durian (2000), which served as the concept for Public Toilet.

Chan shot digital video for the film at the request of the investor, Digital Nega.

title: Public Toilet (film)


text:
User talk:Eliah

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have enabled.

On 13 March 2011, this preference was hidden from the user preferences screen as part of efforts to prevent its accidental misuse (consensus discussion). This had the effect of locking users in to their existing preference, which, in your case, was. To complete the process, your preference will automatically be changed to  in the next few days. This does not require any intervention on your part and you will still be able to manually mark your edits as being 'minor'. The only thing that's changed is that you will no longer be able to have them marked as minor by default. For more information on what a minor edit is, see WP:MINOR or feel to get in touch.

Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 20:00, 13 March 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eliah


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Promotional Copy

Promotional Copy is the second studio album by American rock band Reggie and the Full Effect.

History
Promotional Copy was recorded and released in 2000. Produced by Ed Rose, it was the follow-up to the band's debut album Greatest Hits 1984-1987. Due to the misleading nature of the title, several retailers including Best Buy and Sam Goody sent back entire shipments of the album, because they believed that they were actually sent promotional copies of the album rather than the album itself.

Caption on the inner cover
Reggie And the Full Effect "Promotional Copy" was never intended to be released. We have only an unidentified person to thank for the recovery of the master tapes. Some of the song titles and samples were not titled so we named them as we saw fit. The length of the album was also unsure at the time, so please forgive all mistakes and thank you for supporting the collective works of Reggie And the Full Effect.

-James and Matt-

Heroes and Villains Records

Personnel

 * Matt Pryor - guitar, backing vocals
 * Rob Pope - bass
 * James Dewees - drums, lead vocals, keyboards
 * Ed Rose - Production, Mixing

title: Promotional Copy


text:
Talk:Earthworks

Dab?
Note to self (or anyone else who wants to jump in and do it): All but one of the inward links to this page refers to the normal meaning, rather than the company name. It requires dabbing. Securiger 08:27, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Industrial Earthworks vs. Ancient Earthworks
It seems odd to me that both modern industrial earthworks are lumped together with ancient earthworks, many of which had ceremonial or funerary purposes that pre-date the industrial age. This article seems like a strange anachronism. I've never attempted to split an article, nor if there is even interest in this by the watchers of this page. I'd like to hear your thoughts and feedback. Thank you in advance. Netherzone (talk) 19:34, 5 December 2019 (UTC)

 * The articles Earthworks (archaeology) and Earthworks (engineering) (and more?) have just been merged into this single article. To be fair, merge tags had been placed on both articles and there were no objections.  However, no discussion was initiated either and it was not at all clear that the merged article would overwrite the longstanding disambiguation page.  I was tempted to revert the whole lot, not least because the disambiguation page was not moved properly to Earthworks (disambiguation).  I'm still tempted, but why not talk a bit first, eh?  Lithopsian (talk) 20:55, 5 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Hello Lithopsian! I wonder what on earth the rationale was to merge Earthworks (archaeology) with Earthworks (engineering)? There seems no logic to my mind, other than the fact that there is a shared word, Earthwork. Unfortunately, I haven't visited the Earthworks (archaeology) page for some time, and totally missed the merge tags. Do you know where the discussion - or the merge proposal - was archived? What are your thoughts about the merger? Do you think it will help users of the encyclopedia find information they seek, or confuse them? BTW, there are also Earthworks that are modern/contemporary works of Land Art. To my mind each of these should be separate articles. Netherzone (talk) 21:11, 5 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Who knows, since there was no rationale given with the merge tags. There was no merge discussion, not even an initial talk page section created by the proposer.  The merge tags were placed on each article on November 23rd, and that's it.  The merge did strike me as a little odd, more a WP:DICDEF than anything else, but this isn't my area of expertise.  I was just passing through curating new/old redirects and dab pages.  Give it a day or two and see if user:Ssolbergj shows up with an explanation.  Or if others pile in with opinions.  And mentioning such a major change at the relevant project pages probably wouldn't count as canvassing so long as you keep it neutral.  Lithopsian (talk) 21:34, 5 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I agree that it is odd to merge these pages without discussion. For the moment, I assume no content has been lost and anyone looking for information about the use of the term in archaeology will still find it. However, I think a separate page for archaeological earthworks makes more sense. Rjm at sleepers (talk) 07:42, 6 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I have attempted to restructure the article to reflect the merge better, but in doing so, I'm even more convinced that the two subjects deserve separate pages. Rjm at sleepers (talk) 07:55, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

Hi. Restructured the article so that historical earthworks, which is also the subject of archeology, was turned into a History section. I think this arrangement works well. - Ssolbergj (talk) 09:42, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

 * Hello! I added a few terms to the lead (second sentence), however I still feel that these various types of Earthworks would better serve our readership if they were separate pages. Netherzone (talk) 12:54, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

Ssolbergj has previously been in hot water over making drastic changes like this without consensus. See user talk:Ssolbergj. Some people seem to have great difficulty learning from their mistakes. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 01:24, 7 December 2019 (UTC)

The pages Geotechnical shoring structures and Earthworks (engineering) have also been merged into the new global Earthworks article in the last week or so. These do seem more closely allied to the concept of "earthworks (engineering)", so perhaps any consideration of a de-merge should be discussed separately to avoid muddying the waters? Geotechnical shoring structures was newly-created within the last month. Earthworks (engineering) is a long-standing article that was a fairly short summary article until a few weeks ago, then dramatically expanded, then merged. Lithopsian (talk) 15:23, 8 December 2019 (UTC)

Request to demerge
I too believe that this merger was an arbitrary decision by one editor without any attempt (that I can find) to invite consensus for what was an unambiguously controversial change. I am very tempted to revert all three articles just as unilaterally, but I will resist. So comments first please. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 22:45, 6 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Revert for reasons given above. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 22:45, 6 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Revert - the merge was not desirable as per WP:MERGETEST, as it made encyclopedic content less accessible and available to readership. Netherzone (talk) 00:22, 7 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Revert - the two subjects are sufficiently different that readers will not expect a single page to cover both Rjm at sleepers (talk) 06:26, 7 December 2019 (UTC)
 * The unanimous consensus is to demerge, so I will go ahead. If there is a case to remerge the more detailed engineering earthworks as raised above, that will have to be proposed separately and, if there is a consensus, redone. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 15:35, 8 December 2019 (UTC)
 * ✅ --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 15:55, 8 December 2019 (UTC)
 * I also reverted Geotechnical shoring structures to its pre-merge state. It is not a good standalone article and in this case only U|Ssolbergj (who created it) was right that it belonged in the engineering article. So this is to suggest that they do so again. --John Maynard Friedman (talk) 15:55, 8 December 2019 (UTC)
 * If Geotechnical shoring structures were to be merged, would it not make better sense to merge it with Geotechnical engineering rather than with Earthworks (engineering)? Netherzone (talk) 04:51, 9 December 2019 (UTC)

Need an article on Earthworks.org
Earthworks is a 501c3 nonprofit organization tracking methane emissions. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ajaxocdncntx (talk • contribs) 22:00, 6 February 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Earthworks


text:
Super Street Fighter II Turbo

Super Street Fighter II Turbo, released in Japan as Super Street Fighter II X: Grand Master Challenge (スーパーストリートファイターII X), and also known as Super Street Fighter II Turbo: The Ultimate Championship, is a fighting game released for the arcades by Capcom in Japan on February 23, 1994, in North America on February 23 and March 26, 1994 (beta) and in Europe in March 1994 (beta). It is the fifth installment in the Street Fighter II sub-series of Street Fighter games, following Super Street Fighter II: The New Challengers. Like its predecessor, it ran on the CP System II hardware.

Super Turbo introduced several new gameplay mechanics not present in previous versions of Street Fighter II, including the addition of combination moves called super combos and air combos. It also introduced the secret character Akuma, who would go on to become a recurring character in later Street Fighter installments and other Capcom fighting games.

Super Turbo was originally ported to the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer, followed by the PlayStation and Sega Saturn (under the title of Super Street Fighter II Turbo: The Ultimate Championship) as part of the Street Fighter Collection, and for the Dreamcast in Japan under the title of Super Street Fighter II X for Matching Service. A remake of the game was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 titled Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix.

While not as commercially successful as previous iterations of Street Fighter II, Super Turbo was well-received by critics and had a major impact on the competitive fighting game community. Super Street Fighter II Turbo is still played competitively, and is the oldest fighting game with an active international tournament scene.

Characters
Super Street Fighter II Turbo allows players to play as versions of characters from the original Super Street Fighter II in addition to their regular counterparts in the game by inputting a code for each character. The character would play as they would in Super Street Fighter II, with subtle differences. For example, the alternate version of Sagat in Super Turbo can now cancel his light kick into any special move, whereas in Super Street Fighter II he couldn't.

Super Street Fighter II Turbo also saw the introduction of the series' first secret character, Akuma (Gouki in Japan). Akuma is playable only as a secret character. He can be used by inputting a code at the player select screen. Even in this weakened form, he is the most powerful character in the game, and has historically been banned in all competitive tournaments of the game, including updated versions of Super Turbo.

Gameplay
Super Street Fighter II Turbo featured several changes and additions to the play mechanics inherited from Super Street Fighter II. The HUD featured new graphics. Super Street Fighter II's opening sequence and unused sequence featuring lead character Ryu launching a Hadouken projectile towards the screen (which had replaced two generic characters fighting in front of a crowd) was intercut with images of Chun-Li and Cammy, as well as flashes of the new hidden character Akuma. New animation frames were drawn for all the victory poses and the basic and special moves of the characters. For example, Chun-Li received a new animation for her Kikōken (fireball) projectile. A large criticism of Super Street Fighter II was the slower game speed in comparison to the previous release, Street Fighter II: Hyper Fighting. Super Turbo was the first Street Fighter game released in arcades to feature an adjustable speed setting. The game speed can be adjusted through the system configuration by the game's operator or (if the speed setting is set to "Free Select") can be chosen by the player at the start of the game. The player has a choice between four speed settings.

Super Street Fighter II Turbo introduced "Super Combos". After building up the "Super" meter, players can execute a multi-hit automatic combo which deals a large amount of damage.

3DO Interactive Multiplayer
The 3DO port was released on November 13, 1994 in Japan, with subsequent releases in North America and Europe during the same year. While the graphics are more accurately reproduced compared to the previous console ports for 16-bit platforms, the game doesn't support parallax scrolling and is missing animations on characters. Also, the Super versions of characters are not present.

While often claimed to suffer from poor, stuttery performance, due to CDs of the time often having such issues, modern testing disputes these claims, and verifiable reports from the time are rare, if any exist at all.

The soundtrack features the same remixed music from the FM Towns version of Super Street Fighter II (with a few additional remixes specific to Super Turbo). This port also features "CPS1 Chains", a feature that only existed in the arcade versions up until Hyper Fighting.

MS-DOS and Amiga
The MS-DOS version, developed by Eurocom and published by GameTek, was released in May 1995 in North America and Europe. There are secret commands to use each character's original color scheme or attacks that were removed from the 3DO version due to memory constraints. The option menus have custom settings (such as enabling and disabling parallax scrolling) that allows the game to be played with low hardware specifications. The biggest change is the game's resolution; the game is played with a resolution of 320×200 on AT/PC-compatible machines and, since the graphic data is ported straight from the arcade version, all of the characters appear large due to the narrow screen size. Because of this, the distance between both fighters at the beginning of a match is slightly narrower than in the arcade version. There were many glitches in the initial shipments of the DOS port, such as characters landing and recovering normally after being knocked out with a basic attack in mid-air. A patch file was distributed that corrected these glitches, which were later fixed in version 1.5 of the retail release. A patch file for version 1.6 was released as well. The music was remixed, although the arrangements are different from the ones used in the 3DO soundtrack.

The Amiga port was also released by Gametek (and ported by Human Soft) in 1996, which is graphically very close to the original arcade version and features a remixed soundtrack, but suffers from jerky animation and other shortcomings when played on an unexpanded machine.

PlayStation and Sega Saturn
Super Turbo is included in the Street Fighter Collection compilation for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn, which also includes Super Street Fighter II on the same disc, as well as Street Fighter Alpha 2 Gold on a second disc. There is a small delay at the beginning of every match, and there are numerous small differences from the arcade version.

Dreamcast
Capcom released Super Street Fighter II X for Matching Service for the Dreamcast in Japan exclusively as a mail-order release via the online Dreamcast Direct store (later known as Sega Direct) on December 22, 2000. The Dreamcast version features an online versus mode on Sega's "Matching Service" compatible only on analog modems. (The Matching Service closed on September 1, 2003.) The bonus mini-games from previous versions of Street Fighter II, which had been cut from the arcade, were restored in this version and can be enabled via a special options menu making it more arcade-accurate. Other secret options are available as well. The Dreamcast version is considerably more accurate than the PlayStation and Sega Saturn versions, as almost nothing was changed aside from the score display. It features additional speed settings including faster speeds (speeds 4–6) and a very slow speed (speed 0) that doesn't remove any frames.

PlayStation 2 and Xbox
Super Turbo is included in Capcom Classics Collection Vol. 2 for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. Although the first compilation included the first three Street Fighter II games, the second volume skipped the original Super Street Fighter II and only included Super Turbo. This version has many glitches.

PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Switch & Steam
Super Street Fighter II Turbo is included in Street Fighter 30th Anniversary Collection. The existing updates of this title are not included in the collection as Hyper Street Fighter II is exclusive to arcade, PlayStation 2 and Xbox, while Ultra Street Fighter II is exclusive to Switch. In this release, save states are featured in the source code, while other features can be toggled on and off. Regarding online functionality, this title (along with Street Fighter II: Hyper Fighting, Street Fighter Alpha 3 and Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike) has availability for multiplayer matches.

Super Street Fighter II Turbo Revival
Released on July 13, 2001 in Japan, with subsequent releases in North America and Europe by Capcom, Super Street Fighter II Turbo Revival is a port of Super Turbo for the Game Boy Advance (GBA) with new character illustrations and title screen. It was re-released as a Virtual Console game for the Wii U in 2015. The GBA only has four buttons used for attacks, though the four action buttons can be easily customized. Although most of the basic character sprites and animations were transferred from the SNES version of the original Super Street Fighter II, the new techniques that were added from Super Turbo used the same sprites and animations as the arcade version. This results in a few characters suddenly growing in size for a moment when performing certain moves, such as Guile's standing heavy kick, since the arcade version used bigger sprites than the SNES version. Likewise, the animation frames when a character advances towards an opponent are the same when he or she retreats. Only Akuma uses character sprites exclusively from the arcade version and his advancing and retreating animations are different as a result.

Several stages have been changed: Ken's, Guile's and M. Bison's stages are completely new, Zangief's and Balrog's have been heavily modified, Ryu's is taken from Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike and Chun-Li's from Street Fighter Alpha 2. Akuma now has his own stage, which is an altered version of Ryu's. All the voice clips of the characters are taken from the arcade version with the exception of Ryu's, which is based on the original Street Fighter II, while Akuma's voice clips are from the Street Fighter Alpha series. While the music quality is not of the same rate as the arcade version, the danger versions of the stage themes are included just like the arcade version's and there are exclusive remixes as well.

Akuma can use the Shun Goku Satsu as a Super Combo, unlike in the arcade version (where he had none). The player can also unlock Shin Akuma, a variation of Akuma who boasts even greater fighting skills, in addition to the regular version. He can also use the Shun Goku Satsu Super Combo.

Turbo Revival was a runner-up for GameSpot's annual "Best Fighting Game" award among console games, losing to Garou: Mark of the Wolves.

Hyper Street Fighter II: The Anniversary Edition
In 2003, Capcom released this version of the game that allowed you to select every previous iteration of the main cast over the course of the 5 different main SF2 titles (World Warrior, Champion Edition, Hyper Fighting, Super, Super Turbo), provided that character was selectable in that game. This version was released on CPS-2 arcade, PlayStation 2 and Xbox.

Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix
In 2008, Capcom published Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix, an HD port of the game for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 available as a downloadable title. It was developed by Backbone Entertainment. It features a 1080p resolution with graphics by artists from Udon (authors of the Street Fighter comic book series), an arranged soundtrack provided by Overclocked Remix, and adjustments to the game's balance by David Sirlin with input from the competitive community. This version was based on the source code from Super Street Fighter II X for Matching Service for Dreamcast. The game allows you to select between normal and "classic" mode, which uses classic sprites and doesn't use the balance changes. It was played at EVO Championship Series in 2009 and 2010.

Ultra Street Fighter II: The Final Challengers
In 2017, Capcom announced they would be making Ultra Street Fighter II: The Final Challengers for the Nintendo Switch. This version adds Evil Ryu (previously introduced in the Alpha series) and Violent Ken (introduced in SNK vs. Capcom: SVC Chaos), and allows players to select Akuma on the character select screen. Also, Shin Akuma is now a playable character; he can be selected by performing a series of specific button inputs on the character select screen, and is only usable offline.

Reception
In Japan, Game Machine listed Super Street Fighter II Turbo on their April 15, 1994 issue as being the second most-successful table arcade unit of the month, just below Virtua Fighter while outperforming titles like Art of Fighting 2 and Karnov's Revenge. It went on to become Japan's highest-grossing arcade game of 1994, and sixth highest of 1995. In the United States, Super Street Fighter II Turbo was the top-earning arcade printed circuit board (PCB) in May 1994. It was one of America's top twelve best-selling arcade video games of 1994.

In the January 30, 1995 issue of Japanese magazine Gamest, Super Street Fighter II X (known as Super Turbo internationally) placed fourth place in the award for Best Game of 1994 and Best Fighting Game. Upon release on home consoles, Famicom Tsūshin scored the 3DO version of the game a 29 out of 40.

The four reviewers of Electronic Gaming Monthly gave the 3DO version a unanimous score of 8/10, commenting that the graphics and content accurately recreate the arcade version, and that the control is "near perfect" even when using the standard 3DO pad. In contrast, GamePro stated that the control is imperfect even with Panasonic's six-button controller, and is terrible with the standard pad due to the "mushy" D-pad. They also criticized the absence of the older versions of the fighters and concluded that the port, though "a reasonably close translation of the coin-op", falls second to the SNES version of Street Fighter II: Hyper Fighting among Street Fighter II conversions. A reviewer for Next Generation concurred with GamePro that the 3DO controllers are not optimal for the game, but still held it to be "without a doubt, the best version [of Street Fighter II] to hit home systems." He described the conversion as "colorful, fast, and so impressive you hardly notice the disk access time between rounds." Arcade Sushi ranked Super Street Fighter II Turbo as the "best fighting game", adding that it "is easily the most loved, and the most played game in the franchise. If you haven't played this fighter, then you haven't played fighting games at all." Future Publishing's Ultimate Future Games gave the 3DO version a 95% score, hailing it as the "game that'll save the 3DO". They praised it as the "ultimate beat 'em up" while their only criticism was the "Slow CD access" times. In 2019, Game Informer ranked it as the 3rd best fighting game of all time.

Competitive play
Super Street Fighter II Turbo has been a staple in the competitive fighting game scene for its entire existence in one form or another. It was a featured game at the Evolution Championship Series (EVO) from 2002 to 2008. Its remixed version, Super Street Fighter II Turbo: HD Remix, was played in 2009 and 2010. It has returned to EVO as a featured side event as the invite/qualifier limited "Tournament of Legends" in 2012 and 2014 and the "ST Games" in 2013. The game is also a staple at the Japanese X-MANIA series of tournaments and has featured in the Tougeki Super Battle Opera series of tournaments multiple times.

title: Super Street Fighter II Turbo


text:
Talk:Hurricane Bob

NOAA
Apologies to poster from IP address 141.155.145.33, but I've gotten lots of information from a NOAA. - Ta bu shi da yu 08:31, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Todo
Lots of info here. The impact section needs better structuring, and the intro isn't long enough. Jdorje 21:15, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

Protection
This article desperately needs it. Just look at the history. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.245.76.111 (talk) 22:59, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Protection is unnecessary at this point, as the levels of vandalism aren't exceptionally high. – Juliancolton  | Talk 23:01, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
 * I just have too high standards then. Oh well. 71.245.76.111 (talk) 23:04, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

link for later
 Cyclonebiskit (talk) 16:37, 23 April 2010 (UTC)

New England and Canada
"In Vineyard Vines, electronic stores reported their best business sales in years, with supplies of D-batteries being cleaned off the shelves."
 * I'm guess that's meant to say Martha's Vineyard, but I didn't want to change it in case there is a place somewhere else in New England called that. The current link is to a clothing store that opened seven years after the storm.  Sahasrahla (talk) 21:40, 28 August 2010 (UTC)

File:Bob 1991-08-19 1226Z (alternate).jpg to appear as POTD
Hello! This is a note to let the editors of this article know that File:Bob 1991-08-19 1226Z (alternate).jpg will be appearing as picture of the day on February 4, 2013. You can view and edit the POTD blurb at Template:POTD/2013-02-04. If this article needs any attention or maintenance, it would be preferable if that could be done before its appearance on the Main Page. Thanks! — Crisco 1492 (talk) 02:14, 2 February 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
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Semi-protected edit request on 7 July 2019
Correct the paragraph relating to impacts in New England. The article states that roads in Coventry, Rhode Island were washed out due to wave action. This is highly unlikely, as Coventry is not a coastal community. This statement should be removed. 72.87.65.128 (talk) 16:30, 7 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Yellow check.svg Partly done: according to the source, roads were indeed washed out in Coventry, but it appears unrelated to the wave action. Reworded the sentence to clarify this. Highway 89 (talk) 18:42, 8 July 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hurricane Bob


text:
Heinrich Marschner

Heinrich August Marschner (16 August 1795 – 14 December 1861) was a German composer best known for his operas. He is considered to be the most important composer of German opera between Weber and Wagner.

Biography
Marschner was born in Zittau and was originally intended for a legal career. After a meeting with Beethoven around 1815–16, he decided to devote himself to music and became a private music teacher in Bratislava. From 1821 he worked as a stage composer and conductor at the municipal theatres in Dresden (from 1821), Leipzig (from 1827), and the Court Theatre at Hanover (from 1830), where the opera Hans Heiling (1833) established his name among the leading German opera composers of the time. He died in Hanover.

Legacy
Marschner was widely regarded as one of the most important composers in Europe from about 1830 until the end of the 19th century. He was a rival of Weber and friend of Beethoven and Mendelssohn. His operas often contain thematic material based on folksong, and this folk-influenced genre had begun with Weber's Der Freischütz (1821). The last of his operas, Austin, was first staged in 1852. It was not very well received, and later the increasingly renowned Wagner overshadowed him.

Robert Schumann praised Marschner's piano trios lavishly. Marschner did not just toss off these works as an afterthought, but clearly devoted considerable time and effort to writing them. He gave the title "Grand Trio" to each of his works for piano, violin and cello, indicative of the importance he attached to them. In these pieces, one finds all of the emotions prevalent in the Romantic movement during the mid-19th century.

To the extent that Marschner is still remembered, it is largely for his operas Hans Heiling (1833), Der Vampyr (1828) and Der Templer und die Jüdin (1829), extremely popular in his lifetime. Marschner's ability to depict supernatural horror by musical means is especially evident in the first two operas as well as in some of his ballads, such as "Die Monduhr" (c. 1839).

Next to his operas, Marschner's most significant musical contribution is to the Lied. The best of his works in this form are comparable with those by Carl Loewe. He also wrote a considerable amount of chamber music, including seven piano trios, as well as unaccompanied male choruses that were very popular in the nineteenth century. While Marschner's operas strongly influenced Wagner, his chamber music, songs, and his cantata Klänge aus Osten (1842) were admired by Schumann, whose cantata Paradise and the Peri (1843) shows the older composer's influence. Marschner's Bagatelles for guitar (1814) have been taken up lately by some guitarists, and some of his chamber music is still very occasionally played. Among his operas, Hans Heiling and especially Der Vampyr have been adapted and revived in recent years with considerable success.

Incidental music (Music to plays)

 * Prinz Friedrich von Homburg, Op. 56 (1821) to the play by Kleist
 * Schön Ella, Op. 27 (1822–3) to a play by Johann Friedrich Kind
 * Der Goldschmied von Ulm (1856) to a play by Salomon Hermann Mosenthal
 * Die Hermannsschlacht to the play by Kleist

Chamber music

 * Piano trio No. 1 in A minor, Op. 29
 * Piano trio No. 2 in G minor, Op. 111
 * Piano trio No. 3 in F minor, Op. 121
 * Piano trio No. 4 in D major, Op. 135
 * Piano trio No. 5 in D minor, Op. 138
 * Piano trio No. 6 in C minor, Op. 148
 * Piano trio No. 7 in F major, Op. 167
 * Piano quartet No. 1 in B-flat major, Op. 36
 * Piano quartet No. 2 in G major, Op. 158

Solo music

 * Douze Bagatelles pour la Guitarre, Op. 4

title: Heinrich Marschner


text:
Under the Tray

Under the Tray..., also known as Inside the Dust Sleeve... is the third studio album by American rock band Reggie and the Full Effect.

Background
Under the Tray was written and recorded in the years following the band's previous release Promotional Copy, mostly while James Dewees was on tour with The Get Up Kids. The album was released on Vagrant Records in February 2003. The album sold rather well, reaching No. 15 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart and No. 8 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart. The song "Congratulations Smack and Katy" was featured in the video game Burnout 3: Takedown.

Packaging
Under the Tray is named as such because the packaging contained an opaque black tray made to hold a CD. However, the discs were packed underneath the tray, giving the appearance upon opening that there was no disc in the package, prompting numerous complaints with retailers carrying the album. Later pressings included an illustration showing where the CD is.

The vinyl pressing of this album is titled Inside the Dust Sleeve...

Personnel

 * James Dewees – vocals, keyboard, drums
 * Matt Pryor – guitar, backup vocals
 * Rob Pope – bass guitar
 * Ed Rose – production, mixing

Additional Personnel

 * Andy Jackson – vocals on "Happy V-Day"

title: Under the Tray


text:
Elsa Benítez

Elsa Benítez Yáñez (born December 8, 1977) is a Mexican model and television presenter, perhaps best known for her appearances in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, including her appearance on the cover in 2001.

Career
Benítez became a model after winning a modeling contest in Costa Rica in 1995. Her early opportunities were soon marching to local firms in Mexico and later in the United States where she earned more recognition and with it, her move to Europe. In 1996 she obtained one of her best chances when chosen to appear in one of the major fashion magazines: Vogue Italia, once accepted, she was on the cover of the Journal for three consecutive months.

After being hired by Elite agency, she began appearing on the cover of many magazines like Vogue, Elle, Glamour, Mademoiselle, Harper's Bazaar and Marie Claire. After appearing on the cover of Vogue from various countries such as Mexico, Greece, Germany, and Marie Claire in several numbers, Benítez received the offer that would launch success and worldwide recognition to any model: US magazine Sports Illustrated.

After arriving in Europe, specifically in France and Italy, participating in fashion, presenting collections of top designers; starts on runways prêt-à-porter becoming the muse of Dolce & Gabbana Italian house for which she starred in their shows and marketing campaigns.

She also paraded on runways and/or campaigns for Chanel, Valentino, Christian Lacroix, Versace, Fendi, Christian Dior, Pierre Balmain, Karl Lagerfeld, John Galliano, Gianfranco Ferre, MaxMara, Salvatore Ferragamo, Chloé, Escada, Emanuel Ungaro, Massimo Dutti and in the U.S. for Carolina Herrera and Oscar de la Renta, Anna Sui, and CoverGirl.

Benítez is perhaps the only model that has marched in Latin Couture during her stay in Paris. She marched for some of the most important fashion houses presenting Haute Couture, which have always been a few of the significant work involved in this fraction fashion, so Benítez walked for Chanel, Christian Dior, Christian Lacroix, Pierre Balmain, Emanuel Ungaro and Versace.

She has worked for the houses Macy's, Episode, INC, J.Crew, Rena Lange, Nine West and Jones New York. Benítez has also modeled for Victoria's Secret.

Benítez appeared in the 1999 Pirelli calendar showing women through the decades. She was photographed as representative of the "groovy" in the 1970s. In 2002, she appeared in the music video for "Love to See You Cry" by Enrique Iglesias.

From 2009 to 2012, Benítez presented Mexico's Next Top Model.

Personal life
In 1999, Benítez married former basketball player Rony Seikaly. In 2003, they had a daughter named Mila. She divorced him in 2005. She later had a romantic relationship for several months with Mexican businessman Roberto Slim. In February 2007, Benítez started dating producer, Valerio Morabito. Benítez currently resides in Santa Monica, California.

In the 2004 swimsuit issue of Sports Illustrated magazine, Elsa Benítez spoke about nearly boarding doomed TWA Flight 800 on July 17, 1996: "I was scheduled to be on TWA Flight 800. I got to the airport and I just had a bad feeling. I started crying, and I couldn't stop. I called my husband and said, "I feel something is going to happen on the flight." He said, "Don't worry." I said, "No, something is going to happen." He told me to wait 10 minutes and if I still had the same feeling, I should change the ticket. I couldn't stop crying, so I bought a ticket for another flight and took off 10 minutes after that flight did. It made me appreciate so much that just being alive is a gift."

title: Elsa Benítez


text:
Roots Canada

Roots Corporation (doing business as Roots) is a publicly held Canadian brand that sells apparel, leather bags, small leather goods, footwear, athletic wear, and home furnishings. The company was founded in 1973 in Toronto, Ontario, by Michael Budman and Don Green. In 2015, Roots was sold to Searchlight Capital Partners LP, an American investment firm.

The company's design centre and leather factory are in Toronto, Ontario. Roots reportedly has approximately 2,000 employees in Canada. Roots factories exist globally, however, details of these factories are not disclosed by the parent company.

Roots started using the beaver logo in 1985 with the launch of their athletic brand. The logo was designed in the 1970s by graphic artists Heather Cooper and Robert Burns. The logo features a beaver, the national animal of Canada, on top of tree branches. The typography of the company name below is set in the Cooper font created by Oswald Cooper in 1919.

History
In 1973, Michael Budman and Don Green founded Roots, initially a footwear company that sold negative-heel shoes, before expanding their products. The Kowalewski family and their family business, the Boa Shoe Company, were the first makers of Budman and Green's negative-heel shoes, which became Roots' defining product. In August 1973, Roots opened its first store on Yonge St. near the Rosedale subway station in Toronto. A couple of months later, Roots bought the Upin and Ipin Company and opened their own leather factory. By the end of 1973, Roots had stores in Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, and several U.S. locations.

Roots' negative-heel shoes "competed" with similar shoes sold by Kalsø Earth Shoe, which had first entered the North American market in 1970. Experts express varying opinions on whether negative-heel shoes are good or bad for one's feet.

Expansion
As the demand for Roots' negative-heel shoes continued, the Roots factory expanded. By the fall of 1975, the factory that had made only 30 pairs of shoes a day was making more than 2,000. Later that year, Roots decided to experiment with casual apparel.

By 1977, Roots had expanded to 65 retail outlets across North America and Europe and 250 employees. Roots then began the transition from making negative-heel shoes to making footwear with a wedge sole, and introduced classic handbags to their lineup. The company began wholesaling bags, footwear, belts, and leather jackets to Canadian retailers like Eaton’s and Holt Renfrew, and U.S. retailers such as Saks Fifth Avenue, Bloomingdales, and Nordstrom. Roots continued to expand its product line by introducing Roots Design in 1979, their first line of men’s tailored clothing. This line started with leather jackets that were produced in a small building in Port Credit, Mississauga.

By the end of 1980, with the closing of many stores in the U.S. and Europe, Roots began to expand in Canada. The expansion launched the manufacturing of T-shirts and sweatshirts on a small scale, and the creation of the brand’s label Beaver Canoe, a joint venture canoe building operation with Camp Tamakwa's co-founder Omer Stringer. Clothing and outdoor items were then created under the Beaver Canoe brand in 1983. Two years later, Roots launched Roots Beaver Athletics (RBA) with the beaver logo and by the early 1990s, the logo had appeared on more than a million garments.

Roots began to expand in Asia in 1993, starting with two stores in Japan, where negative heel shoes had a resurgent popularity and continued to expand throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. Although Roots stores have closed in Asian region, Roots in Taiwan and China began to expand in the 2000s. Over the last few years, these stores have expanded their product offering to include apparel as well as leather goods, kids apparel, and home furnishings. Roots Taiwan launched a separate website in 2011. As of May 2013, Roots had 75 retail outlets in Taiwan and 16 in China but with plans for full closure.

In 2001, the company was involved with the creation of a new Canadian discount airline, Roots Air, which operated Airbus A320 and Boeing 727-200 jetliners in scheduled passenger service. However, the airline shut down in the same year.

Olympics
Roots contributed to the Olympic games in 1976, providing 200 quilted “Puff” boots to the Canadian Team at the Winter Games in Innsbruck, Austria. In 1988, Roots provided Jamaica’s Olympic bobsled team with custom made jackets. The story was made famous by the 1993 hit movie Cool Runnings starring John Candy, who wore a Roots jacket. Roots created a special retail collection of clothes in honour of the 1994 Canadian Olympic team, under the banner "Roots Salutes the Canadian Olympic Team." Roots designed a jacket for the Norwegian skier and Olympic Gold medalist Stein Eriksen for the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer.

In 1998, Roots began its formal Olympic involvement, outfitting the Canadian team at the Winter Games in Nagano, Japan. The outfit's most popular item was the red “poorboy” cap (or poor boy cap) worn backwards, which were seen on celebrities such as Prince William and P. Diddy. Roots at one point sold 100,000 of these berets a day at US$19.95 apiece, eventually selling over half a million caps.

Roots went on to be the official outfitter for members of the Canadian Olympic and Paralympic Teams from 2000 to 2004, and was the official outfitter for the Canadian Speed Skating Team in 2006. Roots outfitted the United States Olympic and Paralympic Teams in 2002, 2004, and 2006. Other teams Roots outfitted include the British Olympic Team (2002, 2004), and the Barbados Olympic Team (2004).

In 2005, Roots was outbid on the Canadian Olympic contract by the Hudson's Bay Company (sold through The Bay and Zellers ), and in 2008 the USOC replaced Roots with Polo Ralph Lauren. The USOC had a disagreement with Roots over the direction of the athletes' uniforms, but it is also suggested Roots did not want its brand to be involved with the 2008 Summer Olympics, which saw much political controversy over human rights.

Today
Roots has 120 stores in North America, including five flagship stores in Canada in Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal. Other notable locations include Rosedale in Toronto, Chinook and West Edmonton Mall in Alberta. In 2013, Roots opened locations in Montreal, Niagara Falls. In 2014, the large two-story Bloor St. location, which was known for holding many events, downsized to a new location on the same street.

Also in 2014, after years of running the business, Michael Budman and Don Green hired a President and Chief Operating Officer, Wendy Bennison, who was previously Vice President of Mark's Work Warehouse.

In 2015, Roots was sold to Searchlight Capital LP which now holds a majority stake with the founders retaining a minority stake.

Jim Gabel joined in February 2016 as the President of Roots Canada. He left the company in January 2020. In May 2020, the board of directors appointed Meghan Roach as Chief Executive Officer.

In September 2017, the company filed for an initial public offering on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

On April 29, 2020, Roots Corp. announced the shutdown of its stores in Boston, Washington, and Chicago, and a pop-up store in New York. Two stores in Michigan and Utah will remain open. Its subsidiary Roots USA Corp. will be liquidated through a Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing. Sales to U.S. customers will continue through e-commerce.

title: Roots Canada


text:
Talk:Korean reunification

This article doesn't mention Vietnam-style unification or Korean War 2.0
— Preceding unsigned comment added by 108.7.15.166  (talk • contribs)  06:26, 5 December 2011 (UTC)

File nominated for deletion on commons
The file c:File:Emblem of the Government of the Republic of Korea.svg used in this article has been nominated for deletion on Commons Reason: I think time has come to finish the long-forgotten (or ignored) question: Is free? I doubt its freeness, based on the fact that we do not have definite answer for Template talk:KOGL. To save your click...   We, as of 2018, do not have a final answer for this. And this means, we have to delete these images, including some VIs and FPs. Deletion request: link Message automatically deposited by a robot - -Harideepan (talk) 07:51, 23 March 2018 (UTC).

It's finalized to keep the images files from Korea government. 08:34, 2 July 2018 (UTC) Goodtiming8871 (talk) 08:34, 2 July 2018 (UTC) For reference, I contacted the Korea government officer who is managing the KOGL images and he advised me that the officer would be able to send me the confirmation email about the KOGL is acceptable to use in Wikipedia. however the request-case above was closed before uploading the confirmation email. Goodtiming8871 (talk) 06:42, 29 July 2018 (UTC)

Inter-korean summit in 2018 and Trump-Kim summit in 2018
Regarding the necessary contents of this topic: Korea reunification, Please update this topic with Inter-korean summit in 2018 and Trump-Kim summit in 2018 if possible, there are new action items on these two summits. Goodtiming8871 (talk) 06:46, 29 July 2018 (UTC)

Missing information
Should’ve include some of the reunification attempts in the past. Kim il sung did one sending ambassadors to a Korea and they were arrested. Baetylus (talk) 20:48, 2 July 2020 (UTC)

Comparisons section removal
I propose that the Comparisons section be removed. It's mostly WP:COATRACK, digressions, mostly not about the Koreas but about the other nations discussed. It brings the Koreas back into the discussion by scrounging for factors, often trivial ones, in which the Koreas differ from the other pairs of countries, either giving us no indication of what substantive difference they really make on the reunification question or being entirely speculative (even if it's another source's speculation). Perhaps the worst is the observation that the Koreas share a name for their respective currencies as do Romanian and Moldova, which is immaterial when assessing the prospects for Korean unification. The section's "relevant information quotient" is minimal. Largoplazo (talk) 16:27, 5 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Korean reunification


text:
User talk:JamesMLane/ArbCom supplement

Comment from VeryVerily moved from main page

 * It is not accurate that I only later "got around to reading" what I'd been reverting. I was aware Rex was involved in formatting changes, which is why I found Neutrality's edit summary that "rv - Rex, you don’t have the authority to arbitrarily deem POV and remove material"  to be entirely disingenuous.  (This strongly suggested to me that it was Neutrality who was not paying attention.)  There were three changes made - the header section alteration, the changing of the title of the section, and the changing of the image size.  No material was deemed POV and removed.  I had no particular opinion on the changes in question, but the reason given for undoing another user's edits was invalid (and a characteristic pattern with Neutrality is just reverting without bothering to look at the text), so I assumed Rex made them in good faith and restored them.  The section formatting is a pretty minor issue; I don't see it as an extremist "anti-Kerry" edit to shift around the indentation of headings.  Furthermore, formatting errors are trivial to adjust and not justification for going on a revert rampage. V V  08:20, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:JamesMLane/ArbCom supplement


text: Category:Pickaway County, Ohio

title: Category:Pickaway County, Ohio