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Visual Audio Sensory Theater

Visual Audio Sensory Theater is the debut album by the band VAST, released on April 28, 1998 by Elektra Records. The album mixed samples of Benedictine monks of the Abbey of Saint-Maur and Le Mystère Des Voix Bulgares, with an 18-piece orchestra, guitars, and electronics.

Jon Crosby originally signed onto Elektra Records when he was only 17, and recorded his demo EP, VAST Is... which featured certain songs to be featured on their debut in an unfinished form. He also traveled across the world and recorded demos of world choirs that he used in various songs on the album, which gave the album its trademark world-music theme.

The first single released from the album was "Pretty When You Cry". Led by a supporting music video, it gained modest success on the music charts. However, the band's and the album's popularity didn't skyrocket until the second single, "Touched", was featured in a film soundtrack and the music video was put in play on MTV. No other singles were released for the disc, and "Touched" is still VAST's most famous song, it being featured in the Angel soundtrack, Angel: Live Fast, Die Never, the companion CD to the Everworld book series, and as a song featured in WrestleMania XXV. The track also appears in the movie The Beach but is not featured in the soundtrack.

Other album tracks featured in various media include "Pretty When You Cry" played during the end credits of the German film We are the night and is included in its soundtrack CD; "Flames", which was used in the German film Summer Storm; and "Here", which has been used in two episodes of Angel. The songs "Here", "Dirty Hole", "I'm Dying", and "Temptation" were also used in the unaired pitch video for Angel. "Touched" contains elements of the song "Pilentze Pee", sung by the Bulgarian State Television Female Vocal Choir. "Touched" was featured in the surfing film Step into Liquid.

Reception
AllMusic said that "the rich textures created here are quite impressive," and gave the album 3 stars out of 5.

Track listing
All songs written by Jon Crosby.

title: Visual Audio Sensory Theater


text:
Talk:Rivalry (economics)

Rivalrous equals Scarce?
The paragraph beginning "Non-rivalrous goods are not scarce from the point of view of the individual, but are typically scarce from a social perspective" seems slightly off to me. In what may seem like a minor quibble, it seems to me that it is the resources for producing, maintaining or improving the good that are scarce, not the good itself.

To use the example of this Wikipedia, it could be be bigger or better given extra resources but is what currently exists scarce in the economics meaning of the term? In the scarcity article the following definition is given: "a good is scarce if people would consume more of it if it were free." By this definition the Wikipedia can never be scarce.

In the Free rider article, non- or under-production of a public good is mentioned as a common problem. Are these under-produced public goods then scarce or is there a different term for lack of goods whose production needs an allocation of scarce resources but once complete can be duplicated/enjoyed by all with ease?

Can the confusion be cleared up simply by emphasising that (non-)rivalrousness is a continuum and that beautiful views and good policing are scarcer in some localities than in others? Or is this just a gap in economics created by too tight a focus on rivalrous goods and scarcity?

DavidScotson 19:55, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I'd agree totally, except that I wrote that "Non-rivalrous goods are not scarce from the point of view of the individual, but are typically scarce from a social perspective." That "typically" is a weasel-word, but it suggests that there may be some goods that aren't scarce (such as the Wikipedia). I'll clarify the text.

On the third problem, I guess the term for an "under-produced public goods" would be those public goods which aren't very important to people, so that no-one has done anything about the failure of private initiative to produce them.

Too much focus on scarcity? maybe. Some earlier author suggested that public goods aren't scarce. I added my clarifying point about them not being scarce _from the point of view of the individual_ -- but that they may be scarce from another perspective. Jdevine 22:01, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

economic goods
should this page be changed into economic goods? it talks mostly about rival and nonrival goods. so why should it be called rivolous? it also makes sense calling it economic goods. what do u8 guys think?

common cold is a good?
From the article: "Nonrival, tangible objects include a beautiful scenic view or the common cold." First, I assume 'objects' in that sentence means 'goods'. Probably it should just say 'goods'. Second, is the common cold actually considered an 'object/good'? I understand the point of the example, but perhaps there's something else that can be used in the example to serve the same purpose that is more obviously a good than 'common cold'.

Bjpremore 14:51, 4 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I have an issue with that sentence as well. Scenic views being considered non-rival. Space to see that certain view is limited and more often than not, you pay a premium for that view. I suppose you could say that the view itself is nonrival, but the space to view it is rivalrous. --Chicbicyclist 11:59, 29 October 2006 (UTC)

Hi

I agree with Bjpremore, the examples used (common cold and scenic view) are not particularly helpful; if anything, they confuse the issue. I do not think that I understand the concept well enough to offer alternative examples. Also, the example of Television is not very good either. Clearly, a television is a rival good - two people cannot watch different programs on the same set at the same time. I think the example means television programbut it is not clear; maybe a different example could be used for clarity's sake?

84.65.163.56 17:50, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

What exactly defines a "mainstream" economist —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cndrblw26 (talk • contribs) 03:54, 27 June 2010 (UTC)

Need an expert
How is national defense different from national health care when it comes to being excludable? Same for national education. USchick (talk) 23:59, 28 July 2010 (UTC)

Intellectual property
A recent change added "intellectual property" as a rivalrous good; however, copyrights and patents are necessarily and inherently mechanisms to apply scarcity to non-rivalrous goods. I will remove this change once; please comment with rationale if you disagree. chrylis (talk) 00:34, 2 August 2010 (UTC)
 * I disagree. It's not the IP that is non-scarce, but the reproduction that is. The IP itself is theoretically unique. The legal protections to IP are just the possible approximations adequate to the nature of this type of good. The rivalry of IP is evident when you consider that the more the market is saturated by sellers of a given IP, such as a book or a movie, the smaller is the potential profit for each seller. It's not unlike someone actually stealing a production of physical goods and selling entirely for their own profit. That's why laws protecting intellectual property were devised, effectively creating the viability of such market, visibly fostering intellectual and technological progress. We can always imagine that there could be some holistic effect in the end without a market, but so is the case with full-blown communism or mutualism of physical goods. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.46.155.91 (talk) 04:22, 30 August 2016 (UTC)

Updated Definition to Reflect Continuous Nature of Rivarly
Following on recent advances in economic theory, the entry was updated and the number of supporting references has been quadrupled. The entry has not been revised beyond the first paragraph due to other commitments. Further work will be necessary to weed out unsupported claims and streamline the remaining. Thanks to everybody involved. Sslevine (talk) 22:04, 20 May 2011 (UTC)

Value is subjective
The article says: "In fact, certain types of intellectual property become more valuable as more people consume them (anti-rival). For example, the more people using a particular language, the more valuable that language becomes." This is incorrect, since value is subjective. As it's written, this is an attempt to say that the objective value of a language is in its ease of use with as many people as possible, and that this is true for that entire type of intellectual property. An easy counterexample would be a code, where the value of it to its creators and users is that it isn't widely known. There are also people who don't hope that their non-code language spreads beyond their tribe or ethnic group.

Since value is subjective, there is no type of intellectual property that implies any objective values. —Olathe (talk) 13:32, 3 April 2013 (UTC)

Rival or rivalrous goods?
I have mostly been seeing "rival goods" and not "rivalrous goods". A quick search on Ngram confirms my impression: in the year 2000 for instance, the expression "rival good" has been used six times more than "rivalrous good". A quick search in dictionaries seems to indicate that "rivalrous" would be more adequate however (for instance in Merriam Webster, "rivalrous" is defined as "given to rivalry"). Any ideas? Rdavout (talk) 13:14, 11 April 2015 (UTC)

Assessment of Article
I agree that this article is not fully complete, however I believe it is of a "C Class". It provides a good amount of detail on rivalrous goods and creates an understanding through thorough use of examples of each. Some reliable sources are referenced. A reader not involved in economics will receive a solid base-level understanding of rival goods from reading this article. Some formatting could be done - i.e. sometimes the article reads formally, and in other parts sounds more informal. Rival goods are an important concept in economics, and so I would rate this as "High Importance".

Hskep1 21:30, 23 October 2020 (AEST)

Are anti-climate change efforts anti-rivalrous?
A good is anti-rivalrous if its utility increases with how much it's used by others. Anti-climate change efforts can be understood as an intangible good which one can invest in in order to reap benefits of reduced climate change. If too many people participate in anti-climate change efforts, then the marginal utility of each additional anti-climate change effort approaches zero. I don't understand the claim in this article that "" Unless someone can explain it, I intend to remove it. Daask (talk) 17:42, 2 April 2021 (UTC)

 * It seems quite clear and obvious to me. The statement could be made stronger:
 * The US will benefit from any effective measures that others take to combat climate change. That makes anti-climate change efforts anti-rivalrous.
 * The perversion comes, because the US makes money acting contrary to the best interests of humanity, while those who act more responsibly actually pay.
 * In sum, the US is rewarded for doing it wrong, while those who act more responsibly are punished for doing what everyone should do. Those are perverse incentives built into a political economy that does not properly internalize all the costs to society in the price to the consumer.  DavidMCEddy (talk) 17:55, 2 April 2021 (UTC)

Questionable examples of nonrivalrous
"Other examples of non-rival goods include a beautiful scenic view, national defense, clean air, street lights, and public safety"

Helpful-Concrete (talk) 19:54, 7 September 2023 (UTC)
 * A beautiful scenic view can be located entirely on private property and not accessible to anyone but the owner. Even if public, the infrastructure to drive/hike to that view can only fit a certain number of people.
 * National defense is a finite resource which can be depleted. The pigeonhole principle implies that after a certain number of simultaneous fronts, there will no longer be troops available to defend another attack. (The last person to get attacked, who gets no army response, will certainly see it as a rival good, as the usage by others prevented the usage by him)
 * Whether or not you have clean air depends on your geographic location, which is again limited by both private property and pigeonhole principle (given any bounded location with "clean air", only a certain number of people can fit in that area)
 * Public safety is depletable like the military - if all city police units are already responding to other calls, you will not get a response. If all county rescue helicopters are already rescuing people, there is no rescue helicopter to save you.

 * I think it's key to consider whether the standard, typical case for each example makes sense; not so much to see that the examples make sense in every detail. For instance, clean air as a non-rivalrous good is usually thought of in the local context of a park or a local neighborhood. However, if you have better (more bulletproof) examples, then maybe we can use those to improve the article. — HTGS (talk) 08:13, 11 September 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Rivalry (economics)


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Pauline Johnson Collegiate & Vocational School

Pauline Johnson Collegiate & Vocational School in Brantford, Ontario, Canada is a composite high school with collegiate and vocational departments. It was named in honour of the Canadian First Nations poet E. Pauline Johnson, who was born nearby.

The school was officially opened on October 18, 1955. In 1960, the fine new vocational wing was opened for use by the Technical and Commercial Departments making possible a full composite school. A second addition was completed in 1963. In 1971, a new addition provided more facilities.


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Nyírtét

Nyírtét is a village in Hungary. The nearest city is Nyíregyháza (25 km).

History
The village was first mentioned in 1271. Its name is from the Turkish word "tigit".

Tradition holds that the Holy Crown was hidden here from the Austrians for a day.

title: Nyírtét


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User talk:Mzajac

Yo Ho Ho

Iryna Harpy (talk) is wishing you Seasons Greetings! Whether you celebrate your hemisphere's Solstice or Christmas, Diwali, Hogmanay, Hanukkah, Lenaia, Festivus or even the Saturnalia, this is a special time of year for almost everyone!

Spread the holiday cheer by adding to your friends' talk pages.

Speedy deletion nomination of Template:Wikiproject Ukraine

Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. This is a notice that the page you created, Template:Wikiproject Ukraine, was tagged as a test page under section G2 of the criteria for speedy deletion and has been or soon may be deleted. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the, or if you have already done so, you can place a request here.

title: User talk:Mzajac


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/George Gabashvili

bio of non-notable politician Salasks 20:01, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Definite keep. blankfaze |  (беседа!)  21:07, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. He is high up in his party, although I'm not sure how powerful that party is. I see no reason to delete this article, just add a stub boilerplate. Darksun 21:25, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Food for thought: If the "Unified Dems" don't merit an article, can someone be significant because he's one of their officials? Salasks
 * They probably do merit an article– after the 1999 election, they held 9% of the seats in parliament (, the most recent info I found with a cursory Googling), and made up 16% of the ruling coalition. Somebody familiar with the area just needs to write it.-FZ 22:18, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * This shouldn't be difficult. Keep. Rhymeless 03:06, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, and obviously "Unified Dems" merit an article, too. -- Jmabel 03:36, Aug 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, and write an article on the party. He's no less significant than Ralph Nader. Ambi 06:54, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)


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I5

I5, I-5 or I 5 may refer to:

Computing

 * Intel Core i5, a brand of microprocessors
 * i5, an IBM AS/400 line of minicomputers
 * i5/OS, previous name of the IBM i operating system

Military

 * JSUB I-5, a 1931 Junsen type submarine
 * Polikarpov I-5, a Soviet fighter biplane of the 1930s
 * I 5, a Swedish regimental designation (5th Infantry Regiment) that has been used by the following units:
 * 2nd Life Grenadier Regiment (1816–1927)
 * Jämtland Ranger Regiment (1928–1974, 1990–1994, 2000–2004)

Transportation

 * Interstate 5 (I-5), a US highway
 * Inline-five engine, or straight-five engine
 * AirAsia India (IATA code)
 * General Electric I-5, the "industrial" model of GE's Elec-Trak electric tractor
 * The electric version of the BMW 5 series, BMW I5

Other uses

 * I5 (girl group), American band in 2000-2001
 * Inferior Five, fictional superhero group from DC Comics

title: I5


text:
User:Drgnu23

my project spaces

Whoami:

I am a podiatrist practicing in a health clinic serving the underinsured and non-insured, an FQHC. I teach surgery including 3 dimensional surgical concepts and external fixation techniques to residents at a teaching hospital.

I have become involved here with the Clinical medicine project and am working on several pages including podiatry, diseases of the foot, flatfoot, Federally Qualified Health Centers, and Electronic Medical Record as well as the sometimes hefty areas they spawn.

In my other life I work with an open source Electronic Medical Record and Billing software project, Freemed, designed to be language agile and portable. It is entirely web based and can run from nearly any web appliance. The language agility was designed to preserve demographic information in countries where finding people might be difficult if assigned that information from another language group.

Philosophia:

My philosophy of life might be summed up in the phrase "give a man a fish and he feeds his family today; give him fishing tools and you've created a fisherman who feeds not only himself but his village." I believe in the dissemination of knowlege, the creation of knowledge bases and the work and good deeds to make that happen.

Other Effluvia:

I have a deep and abiding interest in words and their origins (etymology). I enjoy skiing, hiking and kite flying and kite construction. My background includes such varied works as time spent with wolves, physical linguistics, particle physics and genetic studies. I enjoy movies (favorites would be Dr. Strangelove, Fierce Creatures and You Can't take it With You), music in particular opera (gimme Puccini anyday) and reading.

Links

 * 1) FreeMED http://www.freemedsoftware.com FreeMED Software Foundation
 * 2) FQHC    http://www.cms.hhs.gov/providers/fqhc/
 * 3) SLAA    http://www.slaafws.org
 * 4) COSLAA  http://www.coslaact.org

title: User:Drgnu23


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Yos Sudarso Island

Kolepom Island or Pulau Yos Sudarso is an island separated only by the narrow Muli Strait from the main island of New Guinea. It is part of the Merauke Regency, in the Indonesian province of South Papua. The island is leaf-shaped, about 165 km long with an area of 11740 km2. It was known as Frederik Hendrik Island until 1963. Local and alternative names of the island include Dolok and Kimaam. This is the 11th largest island in Indonesia.

With about 11,000 inhabitants, the island's population density is less than 1 /sqkm. The native population speaks Kolopom languages, including Kimaghima, Ndom, and Riantana/Kimaan. Communities on the island include Kaba, Kimaan, Kladar, Pembre, Wan, and Yomuka. Kimaan (or Kimaam) is the main settlement. It lies in the southeast on the Buaya Strait that separates the smaller island of Komoran from Dolak.

History
The island was first sighted by Europeans in about January 1606 when Willem Jansz and his crew on the ship Duyfken rounded it on their way to and returning from their discovery of Australia. Duyfken spent considerable time in the bight in between the island and the mainland. Jansz's map of the expedition describes the island as lowland and muddy land and with the name "Tiuri". When rounding the prominent southwest cape, jutting into the Arafura Sea, in 1623, Jan Carstensz named it Valse Kaap (Dutch for "False Cape"), a name retained to date (Indonesian Tanjung Vals, English "Cape Vals").

It was considered to be a part of mainland New Guinea until 1835, when between April 26 and May 9 that year the Dutch captains Langenberg, Kool and Banse sailed their schooners Postillon and Sireen through the narrow channels. They named the waterway 'Princess Marianne Strait' (now Muli Strait) and the island after Prince William Frederick Henry, a grandson of the king, who lived in the Dutch East Indies for a while. Until at least 1884 Komoran was thought to be part of Dolak. After the handover of Western New Guinea to Indonesia in May 1963, the Indonesian government renamed the island after the Indonesian naval officer Yos Sudarso, who was in charge of a raid on the New Guinea coastline 700 km to the northwest in January 1962, but was killed in the process.

Languages
The Kolopom languages, part of the Trans-New Guinea language family, and the Mombum (or Komolom) languages, an independent language family, are spoken on Yos Sudarso Island.

title: Yos Sudarso Island


text: Talk:Nymphadora Tonks

title: Talk:Nymphadora Tonks


text:
List of military units in the Warsaw Uprising

This is a list of military units taking part in the Warsaw Uprising, a Polish insurrection during the Second World War that began on August 1, 1944.

Polish units
Many of the Home Army units were formed before the beginning of the Uprising; several were organised in the following days as new volunteers joined.

Units were assigned to given areas, namely: Units were organised into battalions, companies and platoons. Many of those became famous either before the Uprising or during it, including 'Battalion Zośka', 'Czata 49', 'Parasol', and 'Miotła'.
 * Area I (Śródmieście, Stare Miasto)
 * Area II (Żoliborz, Marymont, Bielany)
 * Area III (Wola)
 * Area IV (Ochota)
 * Area V (Mokotów)
 * Area VI (Praga)
 * Area VII (Powiat Warszawski)
 * Zgrupowanie KeDywu Komendy Głównej

Armaments
On August 1, the Home Army's arsenal consisted of:
 * 1,000 rifles
 * 1,700 pistols
 * 300 machine pistols
 * 60 submachine guns
 * 7 machine guns
 * 35 anti-tank guns
 * 25,000 hand grenades

Types of weapons used can be divided into the following categories:
 * Polish Army weapons hidden after the invasion of Poland (FB Vis, Model 98a rifle, Karabinek wz. 1929, Browning wz. 1928, etc.)
 * Homemade weaponry (Błyskawica, K pattern flamethrower, sidolówka, filipinka, Molotov cocktails, etc.)
 * Weapons scavenged from the Wehrmacht (Luger pistol, Karabiner 98k, MP 40, etc.)
 * Weapons bought directly from the Germans or on the black market
 * Weapons from Allied forces, primarily supplied via airdrop (M1911 pistol, Sten, Bren, PIAT, etc.).

Complete List of Home Army groups in the Warsaw Uprising
The following list does not correspond with the above area list. On September 20 this structure was reorganised to fit the structure of Polish forces fighting among the Western Allies. The entire force was renamed to Warsaw Home Army Corps (Warszawski Korpus Armii Krajowej), commanded by general Antoni Chruściel (Monter) and consisted of three infantry divisions: The names of smaller units (battalions, companies and platoons) were left intact (as in the above table).
 * 8th Romuald Traugutt Infantry Division (8 Dywizja Piechoty im. Romualda Traugutta) commanded by col. Żywiciel-Niedzielski
 * 10th Maciej Rataj Infantry Division (10 Dywizja Piechoty im. Macieja Rataja) commanded by col. Radwan-Pleiffer
 * 28th Stefan Okrzeja Infantry Division (28 Dywizja Piechoty im. Stefana Okrzei) commanded by col. Karol-Rokicki

Composition of smaller fighting forces
Although the vast majority of the resistance in Warsaw were members of Home Army, there was a small number of fighters who weren't members of that organisation. In the course of the Uprising some 1,700 members of other resistance organisations joined the Uprising. Those included the Armia Ludowa, Gwardia Ludowa and Narodowe Siły Zbrojne.

Along with the Polish soldiers who took part in the Uprising, there were also members of other nationalities. Among them was a number of Hungarian deserters and Italian escapees from POW camps in Poland. Another ex-POW soldier was RAF Sgt. John Ward, whose numerous coded radio dispatches gave an eyewitness account of the fighting to the British government and Polish government-in-exile, as well as the London press. There was also a Slovak 535th Home Army platoon under Lt. Stanko. It was composed mostly of Slovaks, Georgians, Armenians and Azeri, and suffered heavy casualties in the course of the uprising (up to 70%).

It is believed that some 25,000 Jews were hiding in Warsaw before the Uprising. The vast majority of them died together with other Polish civilians. However, many Jews (possibly as many as 1,000), including those released by Home Army from the Warsaw concentration camp (Gęsiówka), joined the Home Army. During the final stage of the battle a number of Soviet soldiers (possibly as many as 3,000, most of them members of Polish units in Soviet army) also crossed the river and fought the Germans in Powiśle area. Airdrops were carried out by allied airmen from Italy, mostly by Poles, Canadians and the British.

German units
As of 23 August 1944 the German units directly involved with fights in Warsaw were divided into: A large section of the forces on the "German" side were, according to Norman Davies, drawn from "'collaborationist forces'" including Russians who had left in the Tzar's era and Azeris.
 * Kampfgruppe Rohr (commanded by general major Rohr)
 * Kampfgruppe Reinefarth (commanded by SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Reinefarth)
 * Sturmgruppe Dirlewanger (commanded by SS-Oberführer der Reserve Oskar Dirlewanger)
 * Sturmgruppe Reck (commanded by Major Reck)
 * Sturmgruppe Schmidt (commanded by Colonel Schmidt)
 * various support and backup units
 * Warsaw Garrison (Group of Warsaw Commandant) commanded by Lieutenant General Stahel


text:
The Dream Academy

The Dream Academy was a British band consisting of singer/guitarist and primary songwriter Nick Laird-Clowes, multi-instrumentalist Kate St John, and keyboardist Gilbert Gabriel. The band is most noted for their 1985 hit record, "Life in a Northern Town".

History
Laird-Clowes and Gabriel met each other in the late 1970s whilst the former was in a band called The Act. Their idea was to create a songscape different from the power pop groups popular at the time in the UK, by mixing instruments and sounds that had been rarely done prominently before, such as strings, woodwinds, percussion (timpani) and synthesizers. At first, Laird-Clowes and Gabriel called themselves the Politics of Paradise.

The Dream Academy formed in 1983. Laird-Clowes met Kate St John (then of The Ravishing Beauties) at a party and asked her to join his band. The trio settled on the name The Dream Academy and shopped their demos for nearly two years. Their work was rejected by every record label before they finally landed a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records in 1985. Along the way, they made connections with Adam Peters and Pink Floyd's David Gilmour, a friend of Laird-Clowes. Gilmour would go on to produce and/or play on two of their albums and co-write one Dream Academy song, "Twelve-Eight Angel".

The band's first single, "Life in a Northern Town" (1985), was a worldwide success and sizeable hit in the U.S., charting at No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, from an album co-produced by Gilmour. The song also made number 15 in the UK Singles Chart. The single was dedicated to the English singer-songwriter Nick Drake. It was their only major chart success. The band's follow-up single, "The Love Parade" (1985), charted in the U.K. and the United States.

Also in 1985, The Dream Academy covered the Smiths' "Please Please Please Let Me Get What I Want". Their version of the song peaked at number 83 on the UK Singles Chart. The Dream Academy's instrumental version of this cover was used in the movie Ferris Bueller's Day Off in 1986.

The band launched a worldwide promotional tour based on the chart success of "Life in a Northern Town" and appeared on the television programmes Saturday Night Live, The Tonight Show, American Bandstand (with Dick Clark), MTV (interview with J. J. Jackson), and Top of the Pops. The Dream Academy's eponymous debut album also reached a wide audience in the U.S. Their two subsequent albums did not match their initial success.

The Dream Academy disbanded in 1991.

The band released a compilation album entitled Somewhere in the Sun... Best of the Dream Academy in Japan in 2000. In 2014, the band released another compilation album: The Morning Lasted All Day: A Retrospective. The Morning Lasted All Day was compiled, annotated, and remastered by Laird-Clowes.

Singles

 * Notes

title: The Dream Academy


text:
Talk:Hexa-

It says:

In computers, hexadecimal is a 16 bit encoding of numbers (16 = 6 + 10).

Well, can anyone check out the "True or false??" section of Talk:Hexadecimal?? Hexa is Greek, just as mentioned on this article, but decimal is Latin. Any votes on whether this should be removed from this article for the prefix?? 66.245.117.183 20:09, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * There are many hybrid words like this, such as homosexual. Hyacinth 05:19, 9 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hexa-


text:
Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov

Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov (Александър Панайотов Александров) (born December 1, 1951) is a retired Bulgarian cosmonaut. He is the second Bulgarian to have flown to space, behind Georgi Ivanov.

Biography
Aleksandrov was born in Omurtag, Bulgaria on December 1, 1951. He graduated from the Bulgarian Air Force Academy in 1974 and obtained a degree in technical sciences in 1983. In the Bulgarian Air Force, Aleksandrov rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel.

Aleksandrov was selected as a research cosmonaut on March 1, 1978, as part of the Soviet Union's Intercosmos program. The selection featured six semifinalists, including the parachute jump record holder, Chavdar Djurov, who was killed during the selection process. Aleksandrov was selected as backup to Georgi Ivanov on the Soyuz 33 mission to the Salyut 6 space station. Subsequently, Aleksandrov was assigned to the prime crew of the Soyuz TM-5 mission to the Mir space station.

On June 7, 1988, Aleksandrov launched aboard TM-5 as a research cosmonaut along with mission commander Anatoly Solovyev and Viktor Savinykh. Upon arriving at Mir, Aleksandrov became the first Bulgarian to reach a Soviet space station, as the Soyuz 33 mission carrying Georgi Ivanov failed to reach the Salyut 6 space station. On June 17, Aleksandrov returned aboard Soyuz TM-4 along with his fellow crew members. He, along with his crew-mates, spent just under 10 days in space.

Aleksandrov later became Deputy Director of the Institute of Space Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Currently Aleksandrov works as a research scientist. He is married and has one child.

Honours and awards

 * Hero of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (1988)
 * Hero of the Soviet Union (1988)
 * Order of Georgi Dimitrov
 * Order of Lenin (1988)
 * Order of Stara Planina (2003), first class, on the 15th anniversary of the second Soviet-Bulgarian flight
 * Military Pilot First Class
 * Pilot-Cosmonaut of Bulgaria
 * Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (12 April 2011) – for outstanding contribution to the development of international cooperation in crewed space flight

title: Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov


text:
Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov

Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov (Александр Павлович Александров; born February 20, 1943) is a former Soviet cosmonaut and twice Hero of the Soviet Union (November 23, 1983, and December 29, 1987).

Biography
Born in Moscow, Russia, he graduated from Moscow Bauman-Highschool in 1969 with a doctorate degree, specialised on spacecraft steering systems.

He was selected as cosmonaut on December 1, 1978. For his first spaceflight, he flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz T-9, which lasted from June to November 1983. For his second spaceflight, he replaced one of the long-duration crew members of Mir EO-2. For the spaceflight, he was launched with the spacecraft Soyuz TM-3 in July 1987, and landed with the same spacecraft in December 1987. All together he spent 309 days, 18 hours, 2 minutes in space. He served as backup for Soyuz T-8, Soyuz T-13, and Soyuz T-15.

He resigned from the cosmonaut team on October 26, 1993, when he became chief of NPOE Cosmonaut-group; since 1996 he is Chief flight test directorate of RKKE. He is married with two children.

Honours and awards

 * Twice Hero of the Soviet Union
 * Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR
 * Two Orders of Lenin
 * Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (Russian Federation)

title: Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov


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Talk:List of military units in the Warsaw Uprising

Untitled
This article has been created by moving excess parts of Warsaw Uprising article (read: it was too long).

I will expand the list of German units when I have some time (it is in the sourced book as well). Feel free to do it sooner...this is a Wiki after all, I don't have to explain that I hope :) You want it, you do it :)

--Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus 20:15, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

"Italian escapees from POW camps in Poland" why had the German been holding them? where were they before being POWS and what happend to them? It would make an interesting small article in its self! Philip Baird Shearer 19:01, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * There were lots of Italians all around Europe back then, there even was a whole Italian army on the Eastern Front (8th, some 200.000 troops as far as I remember). Many of them were deserters while others were taken POW after Italy switched sides. I don't know too much details, but indeed it would be somehow interesting. In Warsaw there is even an Italian war cemetery, I'd have to investigate the matter a bit. The only thing I found on the web was that after the war most of Allied POWs who died in POW camps were exhumated and transported to their countries while most of Italian soldiers were brought to Warsaw after their exhumation, including those of the infamous stalag Hohenstein. [[User:Halibutt|Halibutt]] 23:45, Oct 26, 2004 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 06:33, 17 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Warsaw Uprising by Deczkowki - Kolegium A -15861.jpg


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Tehiya

Tehiya (תחיה), originally known as Banai (בנא"י, an acronym for Land of Israel Loyalists' Alliance), then Tehiya-Bnai (תחייה-בנא"י), was an ultranationalist political party in Israel. The party existed from 1979 until 1992. In the eyes of many, Tehiya was identified with Geula Cohen, who founded the party and headed it throughout its existence.

Background

The party was formed in 1979 during the term of the ninth Knesset, when Geula Cohen and Moshe Shamir broke away from Herut in response to the Camp David Treaty between Egypt and Israel, particularly to the surrender of the Sinai peninsula to Egypt, and the eviction of its Israeli settlers.

Tehiya was strongly affiliated with the extra-parliamentary movement of Gush Emunim, and included prominent members of Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza such as Hanan Porat (later to be a member of the Knesset for the National Religious Party and the National Union) and Elyakim Haetzni. Another founder and prominent member was the physicist Yuval Neeman.

In its first electoral test, the 1981 legislative election, Tehiya picked up three seats. Despite their previous difference of opinion, they were included in Menachem Begin's coalition government alongside Likud, the National Religious Party, Agudat Israel, Tami and Telem. Although Cohen did not take a ministerial position, Neeman became Minister of Science and Development.

In the 1984 elections, Tehiya became the third largest party in the Knesset after the Alignment and Likud, albeit with only five seats. However, they refused to participate in the national unity government of Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Shamir, which included the Alignment, Likud, the National Religious Party, Agudat Israel, Shas, Morasha, Shinui and Ometz. During the Knesset session Rafael Eitan defected from Tehiya to found a new party, Tzomet.

The party was reduced to three seats in the 1988 legislative election, and was again excluded from Shamir's national unity government. However, when the Alignment left the coalition in 1990, Tehiya were invited into a new narrow right-wing government which included Likud, the National Religious Party, Shas, Agudat Israel, Degel HaTorah, the New Liberal Party. Although Cohen again declined a ministerial position, Neeman was appointed Minister of Energy and Infrastructure and Minister of Science and Technology. Despite its late entry to the government, the party pulled out of the coalition on 21 January 1992 in protest over Yitzhak Shamir's participation in the Madrid conference, which forced the government to hold new elections.

In the 1992 legislative election, the party failed to cross the electoral threshold, and subsequently disappeared, with Cohen joining Likud that year. It is likely that most of its electorate went to Eitan's Tzomet, who jumped from two seats in the 1988 elections to eight in the 1992 votes. The two parties had competed on the same secular right-wing electorate.

Tehiya fronted a number of controversial positions in its time, some of which were adopted by the mainstream; most notably, the Jerusalem Law, which was proposed by the party and enacted on 30 July 1980 establishing Jerusalem as the capital of the State of Israel.

Structure
The structure of Tehiya was based on a military model due to Gideon Altshuler, former head of an IDF brigade being made Secretary General, and Shmuel Gordan a former Lieutenant Colonel being made head of organization. The party only allowed Jewish members.

Election platform
The Tehiya platform at the 1988 elections included:
 * Jewish sovereignty over the Sinai, the West Bank and Gaza
 * Increase of the number of Jews living in all quarters of the Old City of Jerusalem
 * Strengthening of the IDF, including technical development and severe punishment for refusal to serve
 * Support and increase for the settlements of the West Bank and Gaza, including establishment of a special police force
 * Clemency for Jews convicted of crimes committed due to "security distress"
 * Peace agreements only with Arab states who acquiesce to Jewish control over the entirety of the Land of Israel
 * Jordan being the Palestinian State, all attempts to create a Palestinian state west of the Jordan River are to be prevented
 * Cancellation of the access of Palestinians to the High Court of Justice
 * Death penalty for severe cases of violence by Palestinians
 * Licence for Israeli soldiers to shoot stone throwers
 * Punishments of Palestinians to include collective punishments
 * Wide access roads through the casbahs of Palestinian cities

title: Tehiya


text: Category:Housing estates

title: Category:Housing estates


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User:Jeff321

Jeff321 08:02, 10 July 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Jeff321


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Derecho

A derecho (, from derecho, 'straight') is a widespread, long-lived, straight-line wind storm that is associated with a fast-moving group of severe thunderstorms known as a mesoscale convective system.

Derechos cause hurricane-force winds, heavy rains, and flash floods. In many cases, convection-induced winds take on a bow echo (backward "C") form of squall line, often forming beneath an area of diverging upper tropospheric winds, and in a region of both rich low-level moisture and warm-air advection. Derechos move rapidly in the direction of movement of their associated storms, similar to an outflow boundary (gust front), except that the wind remains sustained for a greater period of time (often increasing in strength after onset), and may reach tornadic and hurricanic-force winds. A derecho-producing convective system may remain active for many hours and, occasionally, over multiple days.

A warm-weather phenomenon, derechos mostly occur in summer, especially during June, July, and August in the Northern Hemisphere, or March, April, and May in the Southern Hemisphere, within areas of moderately strong instability and moderately strong vertical wind shear. However, derechos can occur at any time of the year. They are equally likely during day and night times.

Various studies since the 1980s have shed light on the physical processes responsible for the production of widespread damaging winds by thunderstorms. In addition, it has become apparent that the most damaging derechos are associated with particular types of mesoscale convective systems that are self-perpetuating (meaning that the convective systems are not strongly dependent on the larger-scale meteorological processes such as those associated with blizzard-producing winter storms and strong cold fronts). In addition, the term "derecho" sometimes is misapplied to convectively generated wind events that are not particularly well-organized or long-lasting. For these reasons, a more precise, physically based definition of "derecho" has been introduced within the meteorological community.

Etymology

Derecho comes from the Spanish adjective for "straight" (or "direct"), in contrast with a tornado which is a "twisted" wind. The word was first used in the American Meteorological Journal in 1888 by Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs in a paper describing the phenomenon and based on a significant derecho event that crossed Iowa on 31 July 1877.

Development
Organized areas of thunderstorm activity reinforce pre-existing frontal zones, and can outrun cold fronts. The resultant mesoscale convective system (MCS) often forms at the point of the strongest divergence of the upper-level flow, and new storm cells are developed in the area with the greatest low-level inflow. The convection tends to move east or toward the equator, roughly parallel to low-level thickness lines and usually somewhat to the right of the mean tropospheric flow. When the convection is strongly linear or slightly curved, the MCS is called a squall line, with the strongest winds typically occurring just behind the leading edge of the significant wind shift and pressure rise.

Classic derechos occur with squall lines that contain bow- or spearhead-shaped features as seen by weather radar that are known as bow echoes or spearhead echoes. Squall lines typically "bow out" due to the formation of a mesoscale high-pressure system which forms within the stratiform rain area behind the initial convective line. This high-pressure area is formed due to strong descending air currents behind the squall line, and could come in the form of a downburst. The size of the bow may vary, and the storms associated with the bow may die and redevelop.

During the cool season within the Northern Hemisphere, derechos generally develop within a pattern of mid-tropospheric southwesterly winds, in an environment of low to moderate atmospheric instability (caused by relative warmth and moisture near ground level, with cooler air aloft, as measured by convective available potential energy), and high values of vertical wind shear (20 m/s within the lowest 5 km of the atmosphere).

Warm season derechos in the Northern Hemisphere most often form in west to northwesterly flow at mid-levels of the troposphere, with moderate to high levels of thermodynamic instability. As previously mentioned, derechos favor environments of low-level warm advection and significant low-level moisture.

Classification and criteria
A common definition is a thunderstorm complex that produces a damaging wind swath of at least 240-400 mi, featuring a concentrated area of convectively-induced wind gusts exceeding 50 kn. According to the National Weather Service (NWS) criterion, a derecho is classified as a band of storms that have winds of at least 50 kn along the entire span of the storm front, maintained over a time span of at least six hours. Some studies add a requirement that no more than two or three hours separate any two successive wind reports. A more recent, more physically based definition of "derecho" proposes that the term be reserved for use with convective systems that not only contain unique radar-observed features such as bow echoes and mesovortices, but also for events that produce damage swaths at least 100 km (60 miles) wide and 650 km (400 miles) long. A great visual example of a derecho was made available by time-lapse imagery from satellites operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, which clearly recorded the outer boundary layer of a derecho and the intensity of associated lightning strikes quickly moving eastward in Midwestern states on 10 August 2020.

On January 11, 2022, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Environment and Climate Change Canada formally revised the criteria for a storm to be classified as a derecho. A wind storm must meet the following criteria:
 * Wind damage swath extending for more than 400 mi
 * Wind gusts of at least 58 mph along most of its length
 * Several, well-separated 75 mph or greater gusts

Prior to January 11, 2022, the definition for a derecho was:
 * Wind damage swath extending for more than 240 mi
 * Wind gusts of at least 58 mph along most of its length

Types
Four types of derechos are generally recognized:

 * Serial derecho – This type of derecho is usually associated with a very deep low.
 * Single-bow – A very large bow echo around or upwards of 250 mi long. This type of serial derecho is less common than the multi-bow kind. A few examples of a single-bow serial derecho are the derecho that occurred in association with the October 2010 North American storm complex, and the December 2021 Midwest derecho.
 * Multi-bow – Multiple bow derechos are embedded in a large squall line typically around 250 mi long. One example of a multi-bow serial derecho is a derecho that occurred during the 1993 Storm of the Century in Florida. Because of embedded supercells, tornadoes can spin out of these types of derechos. This is a much more common type of serial derecho than the single-bow kind. Multi-bow serial derechos can be associated with line echo wave patterns (LEWPs) on weather radar.
 * Progressive derecho – A line of thunderstorms take the bow-shape and may travel for hundreds of miles along stationary fronts. Examples of this include "Hurricane Elvis" in 2003, the August 2020 Midwest derecho, the Boundary Waters-Canadian Derecho of 4–5 July 1999, and the May 2022 Canadian derecho. Tornado formation is less common in a progressive than serial type.
 * Hybrid derecho – A derecho with characteristics of both a serial and progressive derecho. Similar to serial derechos and progressive derechos, these types of derechos are associated with a deep low, but are relatively small in size. An example is the Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho that moved through the central Northern Plains and the Southern Great Lakes on 30–31 May 1998.
 * Low dewpoint derecho – A derecho that occurs in an environment of comparatively limited low-level moisture, with appreciable moisture confined to the mid-levels of the atmosphere. Such derechos most often occur between late fall and early spring in association with strong low-pressure systems. Low dew point derechos are essentially organized bands of successive, dry downbursts. The Utah-Wyoming derecho of 31 May 1994 was an event of this type. It produced a 105 mph wind gust at Provo, Utah, where sixteen people were injured, and removed part of the roof of the Saltair Pavilion on the Great Salt Lake. Surface dew points along the path of the derecho were about 7-11 C.

Characteristics
Winds in a derecho can be enhanced by downburst clusters embedded inside the storm. These straight-line winds may exceed 100 mph, reaching 130 mph in past events. Tornadoes sometimes form within derecho events, although such events are often difficult to confirm due to the additional damage caused by straight-line winds in the immediate area.

With the average tornado in the United States and Canada rating in the low end of the F/EF1 classification at 85 to 100 mph peak winds and most or all of the rest of the world even lower, derechos tend to deliver the vast majority of extreme wind conditions over much of the territory in which they occur. Datasets compiled by the United States National Weather Service and other organizations show that a large swath of the north-central United States, and presumably at least the adjacent sections of Canada and much of the surface of the Great Lakes, can expect winds from 85 to 120 mph over a significant area at least once in any 50-year period, including both convective events and extra-tropical cyclones and other events deriving power from baroclinic sources. Only in 40 to 65 percent or so of the United States resting on the coast of the Atlantic basin, and a fraction of the Everglades, are derechos surpassed in this respect — by landfalling hurricanes, which at their worst may have winds as severe as EF3 tornadoes.

Certain derecho situations are the most common instances of severe weather outbreaks which may become less favorable to tornado production as they become more violent; the height of 30–31 May 1998 upper Middle West-Canada-New York State derecho and the latter stages of significant tornado and severe weather outbreaks in 2003 and 2004 are only three examples of this. Some upper-air measurements used for severe-weather forecasting may reflect this point of diminishing return for tornado formation, and the mentioned three situations were instances during which the rare Particularly Dangerous Situation severe thunderstorm variety of severe weather watches were issued from the Storm Prediction Center of the U.S. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration.

Some derechos develop a radar signature resembling that of a hurricane in the low levels. They may have a central eye free of precipitation, with a minimum central pressure and surrounding bands of strong convection, but are really associated with an MCS developing multiple squall lines, and are not tropical in nature. These storms have a warm core, like other mesoscale convective systems. One such derecho occurred across the Midwestern U.S. on 21 July 2003. An area of convection developed across eastern Iowa near a weak stationary/warm front and ultimately matured, taking on the shape of a wavy squall line across western Ohio and southern Indiana. The system re-intensified after leaving the Ohio Valley, starting to form a large hook, with occasional hook echoes appearing along its eastern side. A surface low pressure center formed and became more impressive later in the day. Another example is the May 2009 Southern Midwest derecho.

Location

Derechos in North America form predominantly from April to August, peaking in frequency from May into July. During this time of year, derechos are mostly found in the Midwestern United States and the U.S. Interior Highlands most commonly from Oklahoma and across the Ohio Valley. During mid-summer when a hot and muggy air mass covers the north-central U.S., they will often develop farther north into Manitoba or Northwestern Ontario, sometimes well north of the Canada–US border.

North Dakota, Minnesota, and upper Michigan are also vulnerable to derecho storms when such conditions are in place. They often occur along stationary fronts on the northern periphery of where the most intense heat and humidity bubble exists. Late-year derechos are normally confined to Texas and the Deep South, although a late-summer derecho struck upper parts of the New York State area after midnight on 7 September 1998. Warm season derechos have greater instability than their cold season counterpart, while cool season derechos have greater shear than their warm season counterpart.

Although these storms most commonly occur in North America, derechos can occur elsewhere in the world, with a few areas relatively frequently. Outside North America, they sometimes are called by different names. For example, in Bangladesh and parts of Eastern India, a type of storm known as "Kalbaisakhi" or "Nor'westers" may be a progressive derecho. One such event occurred on 10 July 2002 in Germany: a serial derecho killed eight people and injured 39 near Berlin. Derechos occur in southeastern South America (particularly Argentina and southern Brazil) and South Africa as well, and on rarer occasions, close to or north of the 60th parallel in northern Canada. Primarily a mid-latitudes phenomenon, derechos do occur in the Amazon Basin of Brazil. On 8 August 2010, a derecho struck Estonia and tore off the tower of Väike-Maarja Church. Derechos are occasionally observed in China.

Damage risk
Since derechos occur during warm months and often in places with cold winter climates, people who are most at risk are those involved in outdoor activities. Campers, hikers, and motorists are most at risk because of falling trees toppled over by straight-line winds. Wide swaths of forest have been felled by such storms. People who live in mobile homes are also at risk; mobile homes that are not anchored to the ground may be overturned from the high winds. Across the United States, Michigan and New York have incurred many of the fatalities from derechos. Prior to Hurricane Katrina, the death tolls from derechos and hurricanes were comparable for the United States.

Derechos may also severely damage an urban area's electrical distribution system, especially if these services are routed above ground. The derecho that struck Chicago, Illinois on 11 July 2011 left more than 860,000 people without electricity. The June 2012 North American derecho took out electrical power to more than 3.7 million customers starting in the Midwestern United States, across the central Appalachians, into the Mid-Atlantic States during a heat wave.

The August 2020 Midwest Derecho delivered a maximum measured wind speed of 126 mph, with damage-estimated speeds as high as 140 mph in the Cedar Rapids, Iowa area. The storm was referred to as one of the largest "land-based hurricanes" in recorded history spawning 17 confirmed tornadoes across Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana. Ten million acres of crops were damaged or destroyed, accounting for roughly a third of the state of Iowa's agricultural area. Over a million homes across the Midwest were without basic services such as water and electricity. Iowa Governor Reynolds requested $4 billion in federal aid to assist in the recovery efforts. Winds were confirmed as having stirred up in Colorado and Nebraska, and then proceeded in force crossing 5 states including Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio leaving destruction in excess of $7.5 billion in estimated damages.

The 21 May 2022 derecho in southern Ontario and western Quebec travelled lengthwise along the most heavily populated region in Canada, reaching peak wind speeds of 190 km/h. The derecho killed 10 people and caused $875 million property damage, the sixth largest "insured loss event" in Canadian history. Destruction of utility poles deprived some rural communities of telephone and electricity services for several weeks.

Aviation
Derechos can be hazardous to aviation due to embedded microbursts, downbursts, and downburst clusters. In addition, the powerful updrafts and high cloud tops can cause for dangerous conditions. Their sheer size also makes them very difficult to navigate around.

title: Derecho


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Talk:Inkscape

SVG Format
The article says "Inkscape's primary format is SVG 1.1" but this is incorrect. Previous versions of Inkscape were based on the unpublished SVG 1.2, specifically the support for text blocks unsupported in any other svg viewer or editor. Later versions of Inkscape are based on the unpublished SVG 2.0, specifically hatches, mesh gradients and text paths and text blocks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Doctormo (talk • contribs) 23:08, 25 March 2024 (UTC)

Gallery
I think the gallery section should showing (at least) Inkscape screenshot, not vector image created with this software. --Hidayatsrf (talk) 06:46, 12 June 2021 (UTC)
 * I believe that it is useful to see what kind of use cases Inkscape can fulfill. It is somewhat complementary to features section – K4rolB (talk) 09:43, 12 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Thank You for taking my point into consideration! – K4rolB (talk) 07:15, 13 June 2021 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 10:37, 17 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Playstation3vector.svg

size of user base
the intro says, quote " widely used for both artistic and technical illustrations " but offers no data to support what "widely" means I was unable to find any decent hits on google — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:197:d00:3ca0:b43c:e76b:7aa9:713b (talk) 16:05, 26 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Inkscape


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Vladimir Lyakhov

Vladimir Afanasyevich Lyakhov (Володимир Афана́сійович Ляхов; Влади́мир Афана́сьевич Ля́хов) (20 July 1941 – 19 April 2018) was a Ukrainian Soviet cosmonaut.

He was selected as cosmonaut on 5 May 1967, and retired on 7 September 1994. Lyakhov was the Commander on Soyuz 32, Soyuz T-9, and Soyuz TM-6, and spent 333 days, 7 hours, 47 minutes in space. He was married and had two children.

Lyakhov's flight to Salyut-6 with Valeri Ryumin as the Soyuz 32 crew resulted in setting a space endurance record of 175 days when they returned to Earth on 19 August 1979.

Lyakhov conducted three spacewalks for a cumulative total of 7 hours and 8 minutes with one outside of Salyut 6 and two outside of Salyut 7.

Lyakhov was deputy director for cosmonaut training and deputy commander of the cosmonaut corps at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center. He retired in 1994. He was twice awarded the Order of Lenin and was twice named a Hero of the Soviet Union. He was also named a Hero of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and awarded with the Order of the Saur Revolution and Order of The Sun of Freedom.

title: Vladimir Lyakhov


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Reform school

A reform school was a penal institution, generally for teenagers, mainly operating between 1830 and 1900. In the United Kingdom and its colonies, reformatories (commonly called reform schools) were set up from 1854 onward for children who were convicted of a crime, as an alternative to an adult prison. In parallel, industrial schools were set up for vagrants and children needing protection. Both were 'certified' by the government from 1857 onward, and in 1932, the systems merged and both were 'approved' and became approved schools.

Both in the United Kingdom and the United States, they came out of social concerns about cities, poverty, immigration and vagrancy following industrialization, as well as from a shift in society's attitude from retribution (punishing the miscreant) to reforming.

They were distinct from borstals (UK; 1902–1982), which were enclosed juvenile prisons.

History
Social reformers in America during the late 19th and early 20th centuries almost invariably found fault with the then-usual practice of treating juvenile offenders essentially the same as adult criminals. It was recognized that the juveniles were often sexually and/or otherwise exploited by the older inmates, and that they were often receiving instruction in more advanced and serious ways of crime by hardened criminals. As a result, rather than their sentences serving as a deterrent to future crimes, many juvenile offenders emerged from incarceration far worse than when they were first sentenced.

The reforms, which were adopted more readily in some states than others, consisted of a two-pronged approach – a separate juvenile code and juvenile courts for offenders who had not reached the age of majority, and the building of separate institutions for juvenile "delinquents" (the stigmatizing term "criminal" not being used). Since the primary purpose of these institutions was to be rehabilitative rather than punitive, they were styled "reform schools". For the most part, these institutions were custodial.

In the United Kingdom, reformatory schools were provided for criminal children, whilst industrial schools were intended to prevent vulnerable children from becoming criminals. There was a perceived rise in juvenile delinquency during the early 19th century; whereas in a rural economy young children could gain paid employment doing tasks such as bird scaring and stone gathering, these opportunities were not available in the cities. Children were very visible on the streets. In 1816, Parliament set up a ‘Committee for Investigating the Alarming Increase in Juvenile Crime in the Metropolis’; in 1837, the writer Charles Dickens published Oliver Twist, a story about a child involved in a street gang; and in 1846, it was recognised in the Juvenile Offences Act of 1846 that children under 14 should be tried in a special court, not an adult court. Begging and vagrancy were rife, and it was these low-level misdemeanours that caused the magistrates to send children to industrial schools to learn to be industrious, and learn skills that would make then more employable.

More serious crimes required an element of punishment in an environment away from older prisoners, followed by education to reform their ways. The power to set up such an establishment was given in the 1854 Youthful Offenders Act (the Reformatory Schools Act). This provided financial assistance and support for reformatory schools as an alternative to prison. Industrial schools were regularised three years later by the 1857 Industrial schools act.

In Australia, reform schools were established by the Neglected and Criminal Children Act 1864, which provided for children who came under state guardianship. In theory, children who were considered 'neglected' were sent to an industrial school, while those who had broken the law were sent to a reformatory. In practice however, older children tended to be sent to reformatories and younger ones to industrial schools, with little regard as to why they had been committed. The over-crowding and insanitary conditions of these schools, combined with poor diets and overwork, caused terrible health problems. Contagious disease was a big problem, particularly measles and eye diseases. The reform school system came to an end on 1887, due to public pressure, and government shifted its focus towards the use of foster homes.

In the 1950s and 1960s, many of the same problems that had occurred with the former system of incarcerating juveniles along with adults began to be noticed in reform school — older juveniles exploiting the younger ones, sexually and otherwise, and the younger ones taking the more hardened, usually older offenders as role models and mentors. Also, the term "reform school" itself, originally intended as destigmatizing, had developed its own stigma.

Modern view
Today, no state openly or officially refers to its juvenile correctional institutions as "reform schools", although such institutions still exist. The attempt has also been made to reduce the population of such institutions to the maximum extent possible, and to leave all but the most incorrigible youths in a home setting. Also, in an attempt to make the situation more socially normal, and in response to the rising number of young female offenders, many such institutions have been made coeducational.

The current approach involves minimizing the use of custodial institutions and the maximization of the use of less-restrictive settings which allow the youths to remain in their own homes, usually while attending during the daytime an institution called an alternative school or something similar, which is usually a more-structured version of a public school. There may be court-monitored probation or other restrictions, such as a strict curfew applied to the clientele of the "Department of Youth Services" or whatever the state terms it, than for other youths the same age.

In the United States, the most well-known facilities meeting the general criteria for being colloquially labelled "reform schools" include the Lincoln Hills School near Merrill, Wisconsin and the Preston School of Industry in Ione, California. The first publicly funded reform school in the United States was the State Reform School for Boys in Westborough, Massachusetts. It opened in 1848.

In Denmark, continuation high schools continue to be used as reform schools as they are much cheaper than youth detention centers, while the success rates are much the same. Today, there are no national guidelines regarding the severity of the crimes with which the children are charged; nor are there any guidelines in place to assist in the decision to send them to reform school in the first place, since each town or jurisdiction has its own bylaws and budgets. Children charged with making bomb threats end up in such places.

title: Reform school


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Al TV

Al TV is an American comedy TV series created by and starring singer-songwriter "Weird Al" Yankovic, which aired as periodic specials on MTV and VH1, beginning in 1984.

Overview
The premise of the show is that Yankovic uses his private satellite transmitter to commandeer the airwaves of a music video station in order to show the videos that he wants to watch.

The program is primarily a parody of MTV itself, including that of MTV's Moon landing image sequence. As its theme music, the series featured a re-recording of MTV's own theme at the time, featuring Yankovic on accordion and manualist "Musical Mike" Kieffer. The show features commercials for imaginary products, fake interviews with celebrities, comments on the latest music news, letters from fans, and bizarre non sequiturs. For fake interviews, the show edits footage from unrelated outside interviews and manipulates it such that Al appears to be interviewing the celebrity in a silly or mocking way.

Al TV's main focus is music videos, especially his own, as well as others of an unusual or surreal comedy nature. As the series was conceived as a straight parody of the then-fledgling MTV network, early Al TV episodes featured music videos from popular artists of the time, including Peter Gabriel, David Bowie, and The Rolling Stones; these were eventually phased out. Al's own work consists of song parodies and "cover polkas", which essentially edit together the videos from the original artists with Al's music and vocals synchronized to the video segments. Al occasionally uses this tactic for certain song parodies for which no video was made.

Clips from Al TV, mainly fake interviews, are shown during costume changes in Yankovic's live shows. Yankovic's 1985 "documentary" The Compleat Al also included clips from AL TV.

Episode list
Ten episodes have been produced, the first eight specials on MTV, the last two on VH1:
 * Al TV #1 – In 3-D; April 1, 1984; four hours
 * Al TV #2 – In 3-D; September 3, 1984; four hours
 * Al TV #3 – Dare to Be Stupid; July 7, 1985; four hours
 * Al TV #4 – Polka Party!; February 3, 1987; two hours
 * Al TV #5 – Even Worse; April 20, 1988; two hours
 * Al TV #6 – Off the Deep End; April 26, 1992; three hours, plus a one-hour sneak peek
 * Al TV #7 – Bad Hair Day; May 23, 1996; two hours
 * Al TV #8 (Al 2K) – Running with Scissors; December 4, 1999; two hours
 * Al TV #9 – Poodle Hat; June 17, 2003; one hour
 * Al TV #10 – Straight Outta Lynwood; December 15, 2006; one hour

In addition, Yankovic appeared as a guest VJ on MTV on February 22, 1984, using much the same format he would later use on Al TV.

Canadian spinoff: Al Music
A similar installment of shows hosted by Yankovic were broadcast in Canada, under the name Al Music, which aired on Canada's MuchMusic network to concurrently promote the release of 3 of his albums in the 1990s. Similar to Al TV, Al Music also featured Yankovic commandeering the network broadcast, but this was achieved by visiting MuchMusic's studio unannounced, forcibly removing the scheduled VJ on-air & replacing them with himself in order to show the videos that he wanted to watch. He also incorporated the same parodying of the music station format through fake interviews with celebrities, comments on the latest music news, letters from fans, airing music videos strewn with Yankovic voice-overs making wisecracks and humorous observational comments about their content, and bizarre non-sequiturs that were incorporated in Al TV.

Episode list

 * Al Music – Off the Deep End (removed VJ Steve Anthony); 1992
 * Al Music 2 – Alapalooza (removed VJ Steve Anthony); 1993
 * Al Music 3 – Bad Hair Day (removed VJ Bill Welychka); 1996

title: Al TV


text:
Kirby's Pinball Land

Kirby's Pinball Land is a 1993 pinball video game developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy. It was HAL Laboratory's third pinball video game after the MSX and NES title Rollerball and the Game Boy title Revenge of the 'Gator. It was also the first spin-off and second Game Boy title in the Kirby series, as well as the second pinball video game Nintendo published after the NES title Pinball. The game was rereleased on the Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console service in July 2012.

The game stars Kirby as the ball, while it features three pinball tables, each owned by a classic boss of the Kirby series: Whispy Woods, Kracko, and Poppy Bros.

Gameplay
The game is played much like that of pinball, with two flippers used to help keep Kirby in play as he bounces off walls, bumpers and enemies, scoring points by doing so. Defeating certain enemies earns bonus points and multipliers, which combine to provide a bonus at the end of each life. Players can also earn Maxim Tomatoes which help block the drain for a short period. The game is made up of three tables; Whispy Woods, Kracko and Poppy Bros, each made up of three floors. The aim of the game to help Kirby make his way up to the top floor in order to access each table's boss.

Each floor has various gimmicks that either help Kirby to reach the next floor, such as characters which throw Kirby upwards, or bring in a Warp Star that Kirby can hop onto. Warp Stars on the bottom floor take Kirby to the table selection screen, Warp Stars on the middle floor takes Kirby to a minigame, where he can earn extra points and multipliers, and Warp Stars on the top floor take Kirby to that table's boss fight. Each boss fight requires the player to deal a certain number of hits to the boss without hitting the Warp Star at the bottom and returning to the top screen. After defeating all three bosses, players then fight against King Dedede. After defeating Dedede, the player can play the three tables again to aim for a higher score.

If Kirby falls down the drain on the bottom floor of each table, he will land on a springboard. By timing the A button at the moment where the springboard is at its lowest, Kirby can spring back up to the table, with well timed presses returning him to the top floor. However, the springboard becomes smaller with each use, making it more difficult to successfully spring back up. If Kirby fails to jump back into the table, the player will lose a life, with the game ending once the player has run out of lives. Extra lives can be earned by spelling out the word 'Extra' with letters that appear on the table selection screen after bosses have been defeated.

Reception
In the United Kingdom, it was the top-selling Game Boy game for two months in 1994, from March to April.

Kirby's Pinball Land was met mostly positive reception. Electronic Gaming Monthly gave it a 7.25 out of 10. They criticized that the blurring of the Game Boy screen makes it difficult to see what's going on, but nonetheless deemed it "one of the better pinball games for any system" due to the ability to recover lost balls, the multi-table gameplay, and the large number of hidden things to find. Nintendo Power ranked Kirby’s Pinball Land the fifth best Game Boy game of 1993.

Retrospective
Retrospectively, it holds an average score of 70% at GameRankings. In a retrospective review, IGN praised it as a quality Game Boy pinball game, describing it as being both involving and fun. Kirby's Pinball Land was one of the nominees for IGN's "Game Boy Action Game of the Century" Reader's Choice award. 1UP.com commented that "Spin-offs are a groan-inducing inevitability for popular series, but Kirby's Pinball Land is one of those ideas that just make good sense." The engine used in Kirby's Pinball Land would later be used in another Nintendo game, Pokémon Pinball. Super Gamer Magazine gave the Game an overall review score of 85% writing: "Highly playable pinball game with loads of levels and bonuses. Screen blurs slightly, but this doesn’t make it any less fun."

title: Kirby's Pinball Land


text:
Viktor Savinykh

Viktor Petrovich Savinykh (born 7 March 1940) is a Soviet cosmonaut, scientist, and organizer of personnel training in the higher education system. Selected as a cosmonaut on 1 December 1978, he flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13 and Soyuz TM-5, and has spent 252 days 17 hours 38 minutes in space. Savinykh retired on 9 February 1989.

Savinykh was born in Beryozkiny, Kirov Oblast, Russian SFSR on 7 March 1940. He is married with one child. In 1989-2007 he was the rector, and since 2007 the president, of the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography.

Viktor Savinykh is the author of the book Notes from a Dead Station (Савиных В. П. Записки с мертвой станции. — М.: ИД «Системы Алиса», 1999. - 88 c.) (ISBN 5-901135-01-6). (The book is dedicated to the restoration of control in 1985 over the Salyut 7 space orbital station).

In March 2011, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Kirov Oblast of the fifth convocation in a single constituency from the United Russia party.

Honours and awards

 * Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (26 May 1981 and 20 December 1985)
 * Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR
 * Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic
 * Hero of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
 * Full Cavalier of the Order For Merit to the Fatherland
 * 1st class (27 February 2020)
 * 2nd class (6 March 2000) - for outstanding achievements in scientific research and a great contribution to the preparation of highly qualified personnel
 * 3rd class (11 November 1994) - a great service to the people associated with the development of Russian statehood, the achievements in labor, science, culture, arts, strengthening friendship and cooperation between peoples
 * 4th class (12 December 2010) - for services to education, science and a great contribution to the training of qualified specialists

 * Order of Honour (2 November 2004) - for services to the development of education and many years of diligent work
 * Three Orders of Lenin
 * Medal "For Merit in Space Exploration" (12 April 2011) - for the great achievements in the field of research, development and utilization of outer space, many years of diligent work, public activities
 * Jubilee Medal "300 Years of the Russian Navy"
 * Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow"
 * State Prize of the Russian Federation for science and technology (18 June 1996)
 * State Prize of the USSR (1989)
 * Order of Stara Planina (People's Republic of Bulgaria; 9 June 2003)
 * Order of Georgi Dimitrov People's Republic of Bulgaria)
 * Order of Sukhbaatar (Mongolian People's Republic)
 * Order of Military Glory of the Syrian Arab Republic (UAR, 1987)
 * Two of the Order of "Friendship" (ATS, 1999, 2000)
 * Award of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education for 2002 (5 October 2003)
 * Honored Master of Sports of the USSR (1981)
 * Gold medal of the Tsiolkovsky Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1986) - for outstanding contribution to space exploration
 * Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2019)

Honorary citizen of Kaluga, Perm, Kirov, Dzhezkazgan (Kazakhstan), Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan (Mongolia).

In 2005, minor planet 6890 was named after Savinykh.

title: Viktor Savinykh


text:
Mike Grell

Mike Grell (born September 13, 1947) is an American comic book writer and artist, known for his work on books such as Green Lantern/Green Arrow, The Warlord, and Jon Sable Freelance.

Early life
Grell studied at the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay, the Chicago Academy of Fine Art, and took the Famous Artists School correspondence course in cartooning. To avoid getting drafted into Army service during the Vietnam War, he enlisted for four years in the U.S. Air Force, including a stint as illustrator in Saigon. After the Air Force, Grell enrolled in the Chicago Academy of Fine Art, and also worked as a freelance graphics artist.

Career
Grell entered the comics industry as an assistant to Dale Messick on the Brenda Starr comic strip in 1972.

DC Comics
In 1973 Grell moved to New York City, and began his long relationship with DC Comics. At DC, Grell worked on characters such as Aquaman, Batman, Green Arrow, and the Phantom Stranger in arcs or single-issue stories. He and Elliot S. Maggin launched the Batman Family title in 1975 and Grell would work with Dennis O'Neil on the revival of the Green Lantern/Green Arrow series the following year. For a time between 1976 and 1978, Grell was writing and penciling one series, Warlord, and providing pencil art on two others, Green Lantern and Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes.

Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes
His regular first assignment at DC was on Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes, a high-profile assignment for an artist with no prior experience illustrating a monthly comic book. Grell says he got that job because he was walking in the editor's door to ask for work, literally, as the previous artist, Dave Cockrum, was walking out the door, having just quit. Grell inked a Cockrum penciled story ("Lost: A Million Miles from Home!") in issue #202 and became the penciler of the book with issue No. 203 (August 1974) which featured the death of Invisible Kid. These stories were written by Cary Bates with later issues by Jim Shooter. Grell drew All-New Collectors' Edition #C-55 (1978), a treasury-sized special written by Paul Levitz in which longtime Legion members Saturn Girl and Lightning Lad were married.

The Warlord

A writer as well as artist, Grell cemented his status as a fan-favorite with his best-known creation, The Warlord. The character first appeared in 1st Issue Special No. 8 (Nov. 1975) and was soon given his own ongoing title (The Warlord #1, Jan/Feb 1976). In this series, Air Force pilot Travis Morgan crash-lands in the prehistoric "hidden world" of Skartaris (a setting highly influenced by Jules Verne's A Journey to the Center of the Earth and Edgar Rice Burroughs' Pellucidar). For years thereafter, Morgan engages in adventures dressed only in a winged helmet, wristbands, boots, and breechclout, and armed with a sword and a .44 Auto Mag. Grell wrote himself and editor Jack C. Harris into the metafictional conclusion of the story in The Warlord #35 (July 1980). Other artists took over pencil duties, while Sharon Grell, as revealed in the letter column of a later issue, took over writing.

Tarzan
Grell wrote and drew the Tarzan comic strip from July 19, 1981, to February 27, 1983 (except for one strip, February 13, 1983, by Thomas Yeates). These strips were rerun in newspapers in 2004 – 2005.

First Comics: Jon Sable Freelance and Starslayer

Through the 1980s Grell developed creator-owned titles such Jon Sable Freelance and Starslayer. Jon Sable Freelance was published by the now-defunct First Comics. Starslayer, a space-born science fiction series, started at Pacific Comics, but shifted to First after Pacific went out of business.

The titular character of Jon Sable Freelance was a former Olympic athlete, later an African big-game hunter, who became a mercenary. First appearing with a cover date of June 1983, Jon Sable was a precursor to what would eventually be called, by some, "the Dark Age of Comics", when even long-established super-heroes would become increasingly grim and violent.

The character was heavily influenced by Ian Fleming's James Bond novels as well as drawing on pulp fiction crime stories. Many of the stories of Sable's hunting exploits in Africa were influenced by Peter Hathaway Capstick's novels. At a convention in the late 1980s, Grell stated that his idea for Sable was "something like a cross between James Bond and Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer".

Sable was adapted into a short-lived television series and the character's origin tale, "A Storm Over Eden", from the comic book, was expanded and novelized by Grell under the title Sable, which was published in 2000 by Tor Books.

Back at DC: Green Arrow
In 1987, Mike Grell wrote and drew the three-issue prestige format limited series Green Arrow: The Longbow Hunters. He redesigned the character's costume, away from the costume Neal Adams had designed in 1969, and recast Green Arrow as an "urban hunter" going up against non-super-powered, real world villains such as serial killers, terrorists, street gangs, American mobsters and Japanese Yakuza. He did away with Green Arrow's arsenal of "trick arrows" and instead rearmed him with penetrating broadheads with which he actually killed his opponents. The Longbow Hunters showed the first instance in which Green Arrow ever deliberately killed someone.

The popularity of Longbow Hunters led to an assignment writing – and occasionally drawing – an ongoing Green Arrow series for 80 issues from 1988 to 1993. During this run, Grell avoided references to the fantastical elements of the DC Universe (e.g., in a guest appearance by Green Lantern the character is out of costume and does not use his powers). Notably, believing "Green Arrow" was "a stupid name", in no Mike Grell Green Arrow story (with the exception of Longbow Hunters #1) is the character ever referred to as Green Arrow anywhere other than on the cover.

Grell would write a retelling of Green Arrow's origin and first case in Secret Origins vol. 2 #38 (March 1989). He was the co-writer/cover artist for Green Arrow Annual (1991), drew the cover art for Annual #5 (1992), and wrote Annual #6 (1993). Grell wrote and illustrated the official Post-Crisis origin of Green Arrow in Green Arrow: The Wonder Year miniseries in 1993.

In 1988, Grell had a run writing Blackhawk in the short-lived anthology series Action Comics Weekly, writing the Blackhawk serial from issues #601–608.

James Bond
In 1988, Grell wrote and illustrated the graphic novel adaptation of the Timothy Dalton James Bond film Licence to Kill, and in 1989 wrote and drew an original Bond story, the three-issue mini-series Permission to Die, both co-published by Acme Press and Eclipse Comics.

Shaman's Tears and Bar Sinister
Shaman's Tears was a more ecologically themed outing for Grell. Main character Joshua Brand, the son of a half-Sioux father and an Irish mother, as an adult returns to the reservation he ran away from as a child. Discovering he mystically possesses the powers of all animals and the Earth itself, he becomes the protector of the planet. Jon Sable guest starred in issues #5–9 of this 12 issue series (May 1993 – Aug 1995). There was a number 0 issue published in November 1995.

Grell wrote and drew the covers, but did none of the interior artwork, for issues #1–4 of the Shaman's Tears spinoff series Bar Sinister (June – September 1995) from Windjammer, the creator-owned imprint of Valiant Comics. This series followed the adventures of a group of escaped government experimental subjects, animals genetically engineered to human intelligence and, basically, human form, as potential bio-weapons.

During this time period, Grell began work writing and penciling the unfinished and unpublished Shaman's Tears/Turok Dinosaur Hunter cross-over limited series for Valiant Comics. He did co-write the two issue Turok limited series entitled Turok The Hunted, as well as several fill-in issues of the ongoing Turok series.

2000s
From 2002 to 2003, Grell worked on Iron Man. It was during a Grell written story from this period that Tony Stark revealed his secret identity to the world, a development met with mixed fan reaction.

After his work on Iron Man, Grell came back to comics in 2008, providing a variant incentive cover for Action Comics #861, part four of the Superman and the Legion of Super-Heroes story. DC sought variant drawings for this story from artists who had worked on the Legion in the past, such as Steve Lightle, Keith Giffen, and Grell.

Other work includes a new ongoing series of The Warlord launched to coincide with the 35th anniversary. Grell brought the lead character's story to an end and drew some issues. Grell worked for Marvel drawing some stories of X-Men Forever. His last collaboration with DC to date has been the Green Lantern story for the DC Retroactive series, in 2011, where he provided the art.

Grell is rewriting the Jon Sable screenplay, working on an adaptation of Shaman's Tears, and writing two stories for ComicMix.com, a new Jon Sable story and The Pilgrim with Mark Ryan. In December 2010 he was announced as editor-in-chief of Ardden Entertainment.

In 2012, Grell provided the cover art for the 10-page preview comic produced by DC Comics for the 2012 San Diego Comic-Con to promote the TV series Arrow. Grell did interior art for issues #6 and #11 of the digital comic based on the TV series.

Personal life
In the 1980s, Grell was married to Sharon Wright. She ghost-wrote the last two years of The Warlord, while Grell concentrated his efforts on Starslayer; Jon Sable, Freelance; and the weekly Tarzan Sunday comic strip.

Awards
Mike Grell received an Inkpot Award in 1982.

DC Comics

 * Action Comics (Atom) #442; (Green Arrow) #440, 441, 444–446, 450–452, 456–458 (1974–76), #601–608 (writer, Blackhawk serial) (1988)
 * Adventure Comics (Aquaman) #435–437; (Crimson Avenger) #440 (1974–75)
 * Arrow (digital comic based on the TV series) #6, 11, 16 (2012–13)
 * All–New Collector's Edition (Legion of Super-Heroes) #C–55 (1978)
 * The Amazing World of DC Comics #12 (previously unpublished story) (1976)
 * Batman #287–290 (1977)
 * Batman Family (Robin and Batgirl) #1 (1975)
 * DC Super Stars (Green Arrow) #17 (1977)
 * DC Retroactive: Green Lantern – The '70s #1 (one-shot, 2011)
 * Detective Comics (Robin) #445; (Batman) #455; (Atom) #463; (Black Canary) #464 (1975–76)
 * 1st Issue Special (Warlord) #8 (1975)
 * The Flash (Green Lantern backup stories) #237–238, 240–243 (1975–76)
 * Green Arrow: The Longbow Hunters miniseries #1–3 (1987)
 * Green Arrow, vol. 2, #1–80, Annual #4, 6 (1988–94)
 * Green Arrow: The Wonder Year, miniseries, #1–4 (1993)
 * Green Lantern, vol. 2, (Green Lantern/Green Arrow) #90–100, 106, 108–110 (1976–78)
 * Legion of Super-Heroes, vol. 3, #45 (four pages only) (1988)
 * Ms. Tree Quarterly (Batman text story) #1 (1990)
 * Phantom Stranger, vol. 2, #33 (1974)
 * Secret Origins, vol. 2, #38 (writer for Green Arrow story only) (March 1989)
 * Shado: Song of the Dragon, miniseries, #1–4 (1992)
 * Superboy starring the Legion of Super-Heroes #203–224, 235 (1974–78)
 * Warlord #1–52, 59, Annual #1 (1976–82) (note: #51 is a reprint of #1)
 * Warlord, vol. 3, #7–12, 15–16 (2009–10)
 * Weird War Tales #67 (1978)

Image Comics

 * Maggie the Cat #1–2 (1996)
 * Shaman's Tears #1–12, No. 0 (1993–95)
 * Spawn: The Impaler miniseries #1–3 (1996)

Marvel Comics

 * Iron Man vol. 3 #50–69 (2002–03)
 * X-Men Forever Giant-Size No. 1 (2010)
 * X-Men Forever vol. 2, #9–10 (2010)

Other publishers

 * Jon Sable Freelance #1–43 (First) (1983–86)
 * Starslayer #1–6 (Pacific) (1982–83)
 * ShadowStar #2 (cover art only) (Savage Graphics) (1985)

Collected editions

 * Legion of Super-Heroes Archives
 * Volume 10 includes Superboy # 202; 232 pages, October 2000, ISBN 978-1563896286
 * Volume 11 collects Superboy #203–212; 224 pages, August 2001, ISBN 978-1563897306
 * Volume 12 collects Superboy #212–223; 240 pages, May 2003, ISBN 978-1563899614
 * Volume 13 includes Superboy #224; 240 pages, May 2012, ISBN 978-1401234393

title: Mike Grell


text:
List of derecho events

The following is a list of derecho events.

title: List of derecho events


text:
Anatoly Levchenko

Anatoly Semyonovich Levchenko (Анатолий Семёнович Левченко; May 5, 1941 – August 6, 1988) was a Soviet cosmonaut in the Buran programme.

Trained as a test pilot and selected as a cosmonaut on 12 July 1980, Levchenko was planned to be the back-up commander of the first Buran space shuttle flight. As part of his preparations, he also accomplished test-flights with Buran's counterpart OK-GLI aircraft.

In March 1987, Levchenko began extensive training for a Soyuz spaceflight, intended to give him some experience in space. In December 1987, he occupied the third seat aboard the spacecraft Soyuz TM-4 to the space station Mir, and returned to Earth about a week later on Soyuz TM-3. His mission is sometimes called Mir LII-1, after the Gromov Flight Research Institute shorthand.

In the year following his spaceflight, Anatoly Levchenko died of a brain tumor, in the Nikolay Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute in Moscow.

He was married with one child.

Awards
He was awarded the titles of Hero of the Soviet Union and Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR and the Order of Lenin.

Commemoration

 * Anatoly Levchenko is buried at the Bykovskoye Memorial Cemetery in Zhukovsky.
 * There is a memorial plate with his image installed on the wall of house 2 at Chkalova Street where Anatoly once lived in Zhukovsky.

title: Anatoly Levchenko


text:
User:Tcr25

C'est moi. Nothing much to say about me, except that I'm just trying, if I know something appropriate, to add details and sources and links and interlinks when and where I can. Like my own interests, there's no real pattern to what I'm contributing; I tend to be interested in random things and when I get interested, I try to learn a lot — be it pandas, Tiradentes, fiddlehead ferns, the place where I live, or the town where I grew up. I'm perpetually curious, so working on Wikipedia articles has helped scratch that itch. I have a second account, User:Carter (Wiki Ed), that I am using as a Wiki Ed course instructor, beginning in November 2023.

Articles of note
Articles of note that I created, translated, or significantly revamped or improved:

 * Abbeville Athletics
 * Aka-Omahkayii
 * Alto Velo Claim
 * Beard tax
 * Bertin, Charles-Henri
 * Black, Buckskin Bill
 * Bouligny, Dominique
 * Bouligny, Francisco
 * Bouligny, John Edward
 * Bouligny, Juan de
 * Bouligny Levey, Mary Elizabeth Parker
 * Callava, José María
 * Clipperton Island
 * ČSV
 * Cyrillic numerals
 * Dubocage, Michel
 * Hague, James Duncan
 * Eyþórsson, Jón
 * Fish ladder
 * Fjellner, Anders
 * Gammalsvenska
 * Gammalsvenskby
 * Glacier mice
 * Glagolitic numerals
 * Guðmundsson, Daði
 * Huneck, Stephen
 * KNWD
 * Kola Sámi Assembly
 * Kurch, Rimma
 * Lake Artemesia
 * de Laussat, Pierre-Clément
 * Laxá í Kjós
 * The Lovecraft Investigations
 * Marvel's Wastelanders
 * Máze Group
 * Mullahey, Bill
 * Navassa Island
 * Perier, Étienne
 * Portrait of a Creole Woman with Madras Tignon
 * Rinck, Adolph
 * Saǥai Muittalægje
 * Sámi Dieđalaš Áigečála
 * Sligo Creek
 * Snorrason, Einar (Ölduhryggjarskáld)
 * Suohpanterror
 * Swains Island
 * Þorláksson, Þórður
 * USS Macon (ZRS-5)
 * Vidal, Nicolás María
 * WAMU
 * Wolff, Abraham
 * Vidal, Nicolás María
 * WAMU
 * Wolff, Abraham

Lists I've created or substantially improved:
 * Canadian provinces and territories by historical population
 * Colonial and pre-Federal U.S. historical population
 * U.S. cities states and territories by historical population, largest city
 * U.S. states and territories by historical population
 * Stained glass windows by Harry Clarke — an ongoing work in progress

Following on from the Francisco Bouligny article, I've tried to fill out infoboxes and articles for all the French and Spanish colonial governors of Louisiana. For fun, I've also been figuring out how to design userboxes that change based upon the inputs provided, and I've adding pictures and maps to Wikimedia Commons, including reworking JPG/PNG files as SVGs. Including information about territorial and tribal elections in U.S. elections articles is another area where I've been active.

COI statement
Potential WP:COI: I have edited in some areas where I have a personal or professional association. However, at no time have I been explicitly paid to edit on behalf of any group or individual. I aim to hold myself to Wikipedia's standards for WP:NPOV, no WP:ADVOCACY, and for ensuring things are properly WP:RS cited. If anyone has concerns about my edits, please let me know.
 * Asphalt: I worked in communications for the National Asphalt Pavement Association from January 2012 to March 2020.
 * Bouligny family: I am a descendant of Francisco Bouligny and have edited and created articles about a few notable Bouligny family members (all listed above).
 * Elder village: Since March 2020, I have worked with several villages and aging in place organizations in the D.C. region.
 * KNWD: I worked on air and in station management at KNWD from January 1987 to May 1991 while in high school and college, including serving as music director in 1989/90 and general manager in 1990/91.
 * Radio World: I was a reporter and editor for Radio World International (and its sister publications) from September 1993 to December 2011, during which time it was owned by IMAS Publishing and NewBay Media. I have continued to freelance for Radio World on and off since then, including after its sale to Future Publishing. (A few articles I wrote have been used by others as WP:RS on various articles, and I've written about radio-related Wikipedia news too.)

Wikiprojects joined

 * WikiProject Biography/Assessment (G) (H) (I) (Q) (U)
 * WikiProject Europe/The 10,000 Challenge
 * The 2500 Challenge (Nordic)
 * WikiProject Languages
 * WikiProject Radio Stations
 * Uralic language contest 2019

Things I intend to get to ...

 * Edgar Bouligny (WWI aviator)
 * Çayan (magazine)
 * community audio tower (bizindalo)
 * Florida Parishes
 * Gleraugna-Pétur Einarsson
 * Eleanor Hague (ethnomusicologist)
 * Tiradentes
 * Wat Sanuan Wari Phatthanaram

Watchlists

 * Wikipedia (en)
 * Commons
 * Wiktionary (en)
 * Wikidata
 * Wikisource (en)
 * Wikisource (fr)
 * Wikispecies
 * Meta
 * Wikipedia (fr)
 * Wikipedia (de)
 * Wikipedia (es)

de:User:Tcr25 fr:User:Tcr25 es:User:Tcr25

title: User:Tcr25