text:
Peter Karrie

Peter Karrie (originally Peter Karagianis), born 10 August 1946, is a Welsh singer and an honorary fellow of the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama. He played the lead role in the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical The Phantom of the Opera in various productions such as London (1991,1992), Toronto (1992,1994,1997-1998), various locations with the Canadian International Touring Company (1995,1997) and the end of the UK Millennium Tour (2000). In 1994 and 1995 members of the Phantom of the Opera Appreciation Society voted him their favourite Phantom.

Karrie was brought up in Wales, where he had radio and television shows on BBC Wales. He began his career as the lead singer of pop group Peter and the Wolves, and went on to star in several West End musical productions, including Les Misérables (as Jean Valjean) and Chess (as Freddie Trumper). He also played Che in the UK tour of Evita, and played Daddy Warbucks in Annie, Fagin in Oliver! and Tevye in Fiddler on the Roof for Aberystwyth Arts Centre, he also has played Judas Iscariot in Jesus Christ Superstar at the Palace Theatre. In 2005 he starred with Shan Côthi in the Mal Pope musical Amazing Grace at the Wales Millennium Centre for the Wales Theatre Company. He performed alongside John Owen Jones and Nic Greenshields in the one-off Three Phantoms concert in aid of George Thomas Hospice Care. He also created roles in three Bernard J. Taylor musicals, and the title role of Nosferatu was written for him. In 2012 he appeared in the 33rd edition of The Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, where he and Brenna Conrad performed a Cole Porter tribute and a rendition of Phantom of the Opera.

Married with six children, Karrie is an ambassador for Bobath Children's Therapy Centre Wales, a registered charity based in Cardiff which provides specialist Bobath therapy to children from Wales who have cerebral palsy.

In 2013 he resigned his honorary fellowship at Aberystwyth University in protest, he said, at its apparent determination to "ruin one of the finest arts centres in the country", and because he was "unable to support any regime that can treat their staff in such a cruel and appalling manner."

In conjunction with The Blaenavon Workmen's Hall, one of the finest remaining mining institute's in South East Wales, Peter has written and will produce and perform in a new Pantomime within the hall's 350-seat Theatre in December 2017. Peter's version of "Puss in Boots" will feature both professional and local amateur performers selected from his musical theatre drama school – The Blaenavon Academy of Arts.

Solo albums

 * Theatrically Yours
 * Peter Karrie Unmasked
 * The Impossible Dream
 * On The Other Side Of Love
 * Standing Alone

Cast recordings

 * Pride and Prejudice
 * Nosferatu: the Vampire
 * Amazing Grace
 * Contender
 * Much Ado

title: Peter Karrie


text:
Talk:Toasting (Jamaican music)

Mention of this article in current move discussion
This article has been mentioned in the move discussion currently happening at Talk:Sasha (Welsh DJ).  Lazz _R  21:40, 2 August 2018 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Toasting (Jamaican music)


text:
Acceleron

An acceleron is a hypothetical subatomic particle postulated to relate the mass of the neutrino to the dark energy conjectured to be responsible for the accelerating expansion of the universe. The acceleron was postulated by researchers at the University of Washington in 2004.

title: Acceleron


text: User talk:68.95.70.193

title: User talk:68.95.70.193


text:
Blazing Star

Blazing Star is a shoot 'em up video game developed by Yumekobo and published by SNK in 1998 for the Neo Geo arcade and home systems. It is a follow-up to Pulstar (1995) and features side-scrolling action similar to its predecessor and different ships with varying characteristics. It was made less challenging than its predecessor, and the graphic quality was improved upon.

The game was released to mixed reviews. It was commended for its graphics and boss design, and for keeping the Neo Geo shooter scene alive. It has received greater recognition in retrospective reviews when re-released on smartphones and home consoles through the ACA Neo Geo series. Critics continued to praise the boss battles and graphics, but criticized the uneven stage design.

Gameplay
Blazing Star is a side-scrolling shoot 'em up similar to its predecessor Pulstar (1995) and the classic shooter R-Type (1987). The story revolves around cyborgs that, remembering their humanity, team up to destroy artificial intelligence systems developing the cybernetic armies they were once a part of.

The player can choose from playing as one of these cyborgs, each piloting a ship equipped with different shot types, power, and speed. Tapping the fire button will unleash a standard shot, or it can be tapped rapidly for a different shot type, or held down for a charge attack. Upon releasing the fire button during a charge, it will unleash a powerful focused shot which can also be dispersed to cover a large area with smaller bullets. The effect and range of these attacks varies depending on the player's ship.

Power-ups are littered across each stage that boost the power of the ship's weaponry. There are also other items that will increase the player's score and count towards their ranking at the end of each stage. Some of these are only revealed if the player eliminates specific waves of enemies. Some of the later stages introduce more stage hazards like narrow passages. Each stage ends with a boss fight which the player must be completed in the allotted time to get bonus points added to their score. If not completed under the time limit, the player is forced to continue to the next stage without collecting additional points.

Development
Blazing Star was the first game developed by Yumekobo, a company formerly known as Aicom but rebranded to mark their new direction of working closely with SNK. Initial discussions began with the concept for a follow-up to their shooter Pulstar, however they wanted their new game to maintain a degree of independence from the original. With significant changes made to the gameplay style and setting, the team treated their new game as a gaiden and did not want to use Pulstar in the title. Yumekobo's president at the time opposed this, wanting Pulstar in the title for business reasons. At some point the game was titled Pulstar Blast. The publisher SNK entered the dispute, saying they did not want Yumekobo's new shooter to be associated to Pulstar in the west because it received poor reception there due to its high difficulty. The team settled on the title Blazing Star for its western release, chosen among others including Zero Hour and The Zenith. Not wanting to keep the names different between regions, Yumekobo's president decided to make Blazing Star the title in all regions.

The team had trouble designing the attack patterns and enemy placements to establish the right level of difficulty. Interesting combat patterns made the game more difficult, but the game was boring otherwise. The director of Pulstar thought the original game was too difficult and wanted the new shooter to have a charge shot for an easier challenge. Although much of the game changed through development, the charge shot was one of the early concepts that was kept along with the goal to create impressive scenery. Yumekobo staff believed the game's best selling point was its detailed graphics. The artists had to overcome challenges creating the textures, animation, and reducing the sprites to 16 colors each due to Neo Geo hardware limitations. The system's sprite limit restricted the number of bullets they could place on-screen. There was still some sprite flickering in the final game due to crossing this threshold.

The character Leefa has a kogal personality and was modeled after Yuko Asahina from Tokimeki Memorial at the request of the game designers. JB was modeled after the actor Jean Reno, and Asayuki was based on a character for a previous game the character designer worked on that was never released. Unique endings were planned for each character but were later cut, the details of which were divulged in an issue of Neo Geo Freak.

Release
Blazing Star was released on the Neo Geo arcade system (MVS) in 1998, and the home system (AES) on February 26, 1998. A Neo Geo CD release was planned but abandoned.

The game was re-released on iOS and Android in July 2012, and on the Wii via the Virtual Console in Japan on August 21 later that year. The smartphone versions include multiplayer support via Bluetooth and a practice mode that lets the player start from any stage they have cleared. Hamster Corporation rereleased the game for the Nintendo Switch via the eShop on May 2, 2017 as part of their ACA Neo Geo series. As with all games released under the ACA Neo Geo brand, the game includes Hamster's additional scoring modes, screen filter options, and difficulty settings. This version later came to the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One digital storefronts on February 8, 2018. Blazing Star is also included in SNK's Neo Geo Mini dedicated console.

A port developed by DotEmu for Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux and asm.js was released by SNK Playmore as part of the Humble NEOGEO 25th Anniversary Bundle on December 15, 2015. It was also released on GOG.com on May 30, 2017.

Reception
Critics commended Blazing Star as a testament to SNK's devotion to the Neo Geo hardware and keeping classic genres such as shoot 'em ups alive. Edge wrote that side-scrolling shooters were rare to find, but the game should satisfy fans of the genre. They praised the colorful backgrounds and 3D special effects. Video Games agreed that the graphics were nice, but felt some of the backgrounds were pale and it ultimately did not offer "The Ultimate in Neo Geo graphics" as was advertised on the game's packaging. Next Level argued that the game took better advantage of the Neo Geo hardware than Pulstar with its improved background and lighting effects. Journalists found the game similar to its predecessor, but Video Games in particular thought Pulstar was the better game. They gave Blazing Star a score of 72% and felt it was too short, not challenging enough, and lacking in sophisticated level design. They did however like the bosses, as did Next Level and Edge who both appreciated the game for carrying on the large boss trend from Pulstar. Edge ultimately felt that the "frenetic, old-school gameplay...will keep the Neo Geo's devotees happy." In 2014, HobbyConsolas identified it as one of the twenty best games for the Neo Geo AES.

The iOS and Android ports of Blazing Star were well-received. TouchArcade commended the strategic gameplay, impressive 2D backgrounds, and felt it featured "some of the most intricate shooter gameplay you can find in the vast pool of shmups available on the App Store." Their biggest criticisms were the touch screen controls which they felt were sluggish. Pocket Gamer agreed about the controls, writing that their finger would get in the way of action occasionally. They still thought the game was addictive and "the equivalent of the machine in the corner that the hardened veterans congregate around, dropping in coin after coin as they inch their way up the leaderboards."

Reviewing the Arcade Archives release, Nintendo Life called it a "perfect port", noting that it even retained the frame rate slowdown when the screen is filled with sprites. Their biggest complaints were the game's aged pre-rendered graphics and the sharp difficulty increase in the latter stages, but they felt these were minor issues. They felt Hamster Corporation's Hi-Score and Caravan modes were perfect complements to Blazing Star. Nintendo World Report felt that it had an uneven level design, wishing the earlier levels had more stage hazards. They did however appreciate the game for maintaining a degree of simplicity without sacrificing gameplay depth, and called it "one of the more accessible and fun shoot-em-ups out there".

Legacy
Retro Gamer and Harcore Gaming 101 wrote that the game is sometimes remembered for its poorly-translated English text. Some articles, including one by linguist Ben Zimmer, have cited the game's game over message, “You fail it", as inspiring the popular interjection "Fail".

title: Blazing Star


text: Template:French dialects by continent

title: Template:French dialects by continent


text:
Talk:Year numbering

All this material is available in other Wikipedia articles (I think... although I've used other sources, for the definition of aCn for example). The intention of this article is to be a concise summary of all the year numbering systems a student might meet. It was inspired when I met the figure 50,000 BP in a Wikipedia article and needed to go to Google to find out what it meant. Andrewa 21:24, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Removed text

*Newer notifications: Due to the use of religion within the original numbering system, it is recently increasingly preferred to use CE and BCE instead of AD and BC. Mostly preferred by some as not explicitly endorsing the Christian religion, it's use has been seen among Christians as well.

While accurate and important, this is not a renumbering, only a renaming. It doesn't logically belong at the first level of indenting, which distinguishes different numbering systems. It could be put one level lower and create a special level, but I think it's quite clear enough as it is. Andrewa 13:33, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

More removed text (exactly as removed):

The numbering of the years in the AD period go increasing i.e. 1960 AD, 1961 AD, 1962 AD, and so on.

''A sample numbering (in the order starting from the earlier) would be as 10 BC... 5 BC... 2 BC... 1 BC... AD 1... AD 2... AD 5... AD 10 and so on''

I really think that this just clutters a page that is already more complex than I would like. Anyone literate enough to read the page knows that the current year numbering scheme is increasing. For BC I have added a more succinct example. Andrewa 00:42, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

One major calander is missing namely the Hindu Calander system which may be of interest to more than 1 billion people of this planet, thanx. 203.200.112.27 07:23, 2 September 2006 (UTC) Prof. Anjani Koomar

 * You can add it, noting that more than one year numbering system is used in India. — Joe Kress 11:04, 2 September 2006 (UTC)

CE is an abbreviation for Christian Era?
User:OUP1999 OUP1999 just made a edit which states "CE stands for the Common (or Christian) Era" and "BCE stands for Before the Common (or Christian) Era". I don't dispute that the term Christian era is in use, and it is a synonym for the anno Domini era. I do question whether it is abbreviated CE. It is my impression that the abbreviation for "Christian era" is "AD". I request a source to support the edit. --Gerry Ashton 22:55, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Year numbering


text: User talk:66.136.184.83

title: User talk:66.136.184.83


text:
Category talk:Mathematical proofs

Proofs seems like a highly misleading name for this category. I would expect a category with that name to list articles that embody proofs. That is not what this category does. Instead, it deals with the concept of proof. It should be called proof. Michael Hardy 21:26, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * What is this category about? Most of the articles here seem to be just math articles which also happen to have a proof (e.g. König's lemma, Pythagorean theorem). Others are articles that contain nothing but a proof of a theorem (Pythagorean theorem proof (rational trigonometry)). Others are topics about proofs (Q.E.D., Reductio ad absurdum). This should really be sorted out, shouldn't it? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Zvika (talk • contribs) 08:29, 4 May 2007 (UTC).

DERIVATIVE

 * 1) Numbered list item  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 39.47.175.213 (talk) 06:50, 6 October 2013 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Mathematical proofs


text:
Reynolds Price

Edward Reynolds Price (February 1, 1933 – January 20, 2011) was an American poet, novelist, dramatist, essayist and James B. Duke Professor of English at Duke University. Apart from English literature, Price had a lifelong interest in Biblical scholarship. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

Biography
Price was born Edward Reynolds Price in Macon, North Carolina, on February 1, 1933, the first of two sons of William Solomon and Elizabeth Price. Both he and his mother narrowly survived an extremely taxing childbirth; family legend states that during these circumstances, Will Price prayed and made a promise to God that if his wife and son survived, he would quit drinking alcohol. Price's family, struggling under the economic climate of the Great Depression, resided in the rural North Carolina towns of Macon, Henderson, Warrenton, Roxboro, and Asheboro throughout his childhood. Rather than joining other boys his age in sports and outdoor activities, Price developed a childhood fondness for the arts – reading, writing, painting, and opera included. He attended Broughton High School in Raleigh, North Carolina and eventually received a full scholarship to Duke University, where he continued writing, served as the editor of Duke's literary magazine, The Archive, was elected to Phi Beta Kappa his junior year and graduated summa cum laude. After graduating in 1955, Price received a Rhodes Scholarship and attended Merton College, Oxford. While at Oxford, Price formed important friendships with the poet W. H. Auden, Stephen Spender, Sir Neville Coghill and the biographer Lord David Cecil. He devoted a significant portion of his literary studies, as well as his thesis, to English poet John Milton. Upon graduation with a B.Litt. in 1958, Price secured a position in the Duke University English department, where he stayed for the rest of his career, often teaching courses on Milton, creative writing, and the Gospels. Price made no secret from his close friends and colleagues that he was gay, but he was not open about the fact until they gay rights movement was in full swing and friends began to die of AIDS. He preferred to say he was "queer" in lieu of gay.

In the spring of 1984, a life-altering medical event occurred when Price reported difficulty walking and underwent testing at Duke University Hospital. James Schiff describes, "He soon learned of a 'pencil-thick and gray-colored' tumor, ten inches long and cancerous, which was 'intricately braided in the core of [his] spinal cord'." Although surgery and radiation managed to remove the tumor from his spine, Price became a paraplegic and required a wheelchair for the rest of his life. After enduring these initial years, Price emerged from this trying period "a more patient and watchful person and a dramatically more prolific writer." He still bore, however, "colossal, incessant pain", as he described. He wrote about his experience as a cancer survivor in his memoir A Whole New Life. Regarding his life after this tragedy, Price explains, "I'd have to say that, despite an enjoyable fifty-year start, these recent years since full catastrophe have gone still better. They've brought more in and sent more out – more love and care, more knowledge and patience, more work in less time."

In 1987, Duke University gave Price its highest honor when it awarded him the University Medal for Distinguished Meritorious Service.

Price died at the age of 77 on January 20, 2011, as a result of complications from a heart attack. The third volume of his three volumes of autobiography, Midstream, (Simon & Schuster, 2012) was completed by his long time friend Wallace Kaufman using his journals and a large archive of Price's letters.

Career
Over his career, Price produced 38 total novels, short stories, and memoirs. Price is classified as a Southern writer, as his works are often especially associated with his lifelong home of North Carolina. Price's first ever published story, called "A Chain of Love", came in 1958. He wrote his first novel, A Long and Happy Life, and witnessed its publication in 1962. The work received the William Faulkner Foundation Award (1963) and has sold over a million copies. His 1986 novel Kate Vaiden also gained immense popularity and received the National Books Critics Circle Award. Price composed a memoir entitled Clear Pictures in 1989 which directly led to the production of a Charles Guggenheim documentary about the author's lifetime. He completed another memoir called A Whole New Life in 1994 which chronicled his journey after the discovery of cancer in his spine. The Collected Poems, containing four volumes of poetry – Vital Provisions (1982), The Laws of Ice (1986), The Use of Fire (1990), and The Unaccountable Worth of the World (1997) – was published in 1997.

Price entered the realm of pop culture with the release and Top-40 status of James Taylor's song "Copperline," which he and Taylor wrote together. Bill Clinton characterized Price as one of his favorite authors. On the cover of the December 6, 1999 issue of Time magazine, Price's name appeared. Victor Strandberg explains, "Price's name was next to a Renaissance portrait of Jesus alongside a headline that reads, 'Novelist Reynolds Price offers a new Gospel based on archeology and the Bible.' Inside the magazine, this cover story begins with Time ' s statement that 'A great novelist and biblical scholar examines what faith and historical research tell us after 2,000 years and emerges with his own apocryphal Gospel'."

Personal life
Price lived alone, by choice, for all of his adult life and was openly homosexual. In 1957 he had an affair with the famous British poet Stephen Spender, visiting the Spender family home for Christmas.

Shortly after dawn on July 3, 1984, in the midst of treatment for his tumor, Price awoke in his bed and claimed to have had a life-changing mystic experience and vision in which he came in contact with Jesus Christ at the Sea of Galilee. Price gives an account of this occurrence in A Whole New Life:

"It was the big lake of Kinnereth, the Sea of Galilee, in the north of Israel ... the scene of Jesus' first teaching and healing. I'd paid the lake a second visit the previous October. ... Still sleeping around me on the misty ground were a number of men in the tunics and cloaks of first-century Palestine. I soon understood with no sense of surprise that the men were Jesus' twelve disciples and that he was nearby asleep among them. ... Then one of the sleeping men woke and stood.  I saw it was Jesus, bound toward me. ... Again I felt no shock or fear.  All this was normal human event; it was utterly clear to my normal eyes and was happening as surely as any event of my previous life. ... Jesus bent and silently beckoned me to follow. ... Jesus silently took up handfuls of water and poured them over my head and back til water ran down my puckered scar.  Then he spoke once—'Your sins are forgiven'—and turned to shore again, done with me. I came on behind him, thinking in standard greedy fashion, It's not my sins I'm worried about. So to Jesus' receding back, I had the gall to say 'Am I also cured?' He turned to face me, no sign of a smile, and finally said two words—'That too.'"

Reception
Despite the success of his best-selling novels and nationwide recognition on the cover of Time, Price has received a lesser degree of recognition than many of his contemporaries in American literature. James Schiff explains, "Despite the praise from reviewers, Price has not received a great deal of scholarly attention – certainly less than other members of his literary generation, such as John Updike, Philip Roth, Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates, Toni Morrison, John Barth, Sylvia Plath, Susan Sontag, Don DeLillo, and Cynthia Ozick." But although he is less well-known than such writers, Price is widely celebrated by the literary community and the majority of his readers.

List of publications

 * A Long and Happy Life (1962)
 * The Names and Faces of Heroes (1963)
 * A Generous Man (1966)
 * Love and Work (1968)
 * Permanent Errors (1970)
 * Things Themselves (1972)
 * The Surface of Earth (1975)
 * Early Dark (1977)
 * A Palpable God (1978)
 * A Final Letter, published by Sylvester & Orphanos (1980)
 * The Source of Light (1981)
 * Vital Provisions (1982)
 * Mustian (1983)
 * Private Contentment (1984)
 * Kate Vaiden (1986)
 * The Laws of Ice (poems, 1986)
 * A Common Room (1987)
 * Good Hearts (1988)
 * Back Before Day (1989)
 * Clear Pictures (1989)
 * The Tongues of Angels (1990)
 * The Use of Fire (1990)
 * New Music (1990)
 * The Foreseeable Future (1991)
 * Blue Calhoun (1992)
 * Full Moon (1993)
 * The Collected Stories (1993)
 * A Whole New Life (1994)
 * The Promise of Rest (1995)
 * Three Gospels (1996)
 * The Collected Poems (1997)
 * Roxanna Slade (1998)
 * Letter to a Man in the Fire: Does God Exist and Does He Care? (1999)
 * A Singular Family: Rosacoke and Her Kin (1999)
 * Feasting the Heart (2000)
 * Learning a Trade: A Craftsman's Notebooks, 1955-1997 (2000)
 * A Perfect Friend (2000)
 * Noble Norfleet (2002)
 * A Serious Way of Wondering: The Ethics of Jesus Imagined (2003)
 * The Good Priest's Son (2005)
 * Letter to a Godchild : Concerning Faith (2006)
 * Literary Genius: 25 Classic Writers Who Define English & American Literature (2007) (Illustrated by Barry Moser)
 * Ardent Spirits: Leaving Home, Coming Back (2009)
 * Midstream: An Unfinished Memoir (2012)

title: Reynolds Price


text:
Talk:Dado Banatao

From VfD:

For your viewing pleasure, may I present yet another vanity page made special by the fact that it's not only wikified but has a link to a non-existent category! Someone like this who knows their way around this site should know better. - Lucky 6.9 21:29, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * delete vanity; boring job as a manager. Dunc_Harris|☺ 21:31, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmm, now in the "correct" category listed alongside Thomas Edison, Michael Dell, Bill Gates, Gene Amdahl et. al. Delete . Hang on a mo, a quick trawl through google tells me this is more than a "boring manager", the name rings a vague bell somewhere. No vote at current time. Ianb 00:06, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete : Dado, as a managing partner in an investment company, probably has enough money to pay for his advertising.  If Ianb is right and he's more than that, the article will have to be substantially different.  In its present form, it's hitching a ride on Wikipedia's Google position. Geogre 00:32, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Nice cleanup and rewrite, folks. I vote to keep, but I'm still no fan of listing the college degrees of folks who are notable for actually doing stuff, rather than matriculating.  For non-academics, it's kind of beside the point, and it was "birthdate - college - lives" that had made we incautious folks think it vanity. Geogre 16:51, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I was the person who added this page. Dado is well known in Silicon valley for being a serial entrepreneur (one of the few successful ones). Chips & Technology (PC chipsets) and S3 (graphics) were both sizeable companies in their time. The page needs to be massaged to bring out that point. A lot of the content was cut-n-pasted from a corporate webpage which lists his current venture-capital duties, which isn't so important for this page. I'm somewhat of a beginner in wikipedia, so excuse the mistakes. Dyl 15:58, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Based on the information available in the current version, I don't think he meets any of the Criteria for inclusion of biographies yet. I'm willing to be convinced otherwise but delete for now. Rossami 18:10, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Don't delete. I also suggest that the page be moved to Diosdado Banatao and include information about his contributions to the graphics card industry. He's the most famous Filipino in the Information Technology sector. He has been awarded numerous times (see ) --seav 21:55, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep and hope for improvement. Chips and Technologies is definitely notable in my book, and so is SonicBLUE, and if he launched both of them I think a decent profile would be encyclopedic. Re Diosdado vs. Dado: if Dado is short for Diosdado, there should be entries for both Dado Banatao and Diosdado Banatao, one should be a redirect to the other, and the main article should be under by whatever name he is best known in the industry. "Dado Banatao" gets 390 Google hits, "Diosdado Banatao" only 215.   Dpbsmith 01:54, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * See the bottom of ; he appears to have made some substantial technological contributions outside of his entrepreneurial work. That being said, every single page I've encountered about this man reads like some vain promotion.  His only net presence is 538 Google hits' worth of glowing, tiresome biographies.  He is a notable Filipino-American, but if our article about him reads like an ad, then it has accomplished exactly nothing.  Keep if rewritten from a NPOV.  --Ardonik 04:22, Jul 31, 2004 (UTC)

== "Pirated" by Boeing? "He joined Philippine Airlines as a trainee pilot, and was later pirated by Boeing" What does "pirated by Boeing" mean??? Can someone please fix this and clarify what the original author meant??

end moved discussion

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title: Talk:Dado Banatao


text:
Bohodukhiv

Bohodukhiv (Богодухів) is a city in Kharkiv Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It is the administrative centre of Bohodukhiv Raion. Bohodukhiv hosts the administration of Bohodukhiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Current population:

History
This settlement was founded in 1662 as a small sloboda and Bogodukhov ostrog. It has been a town since 1681. In 1709, at the time of the Russo-Swedish War, it was taken by Menshikov and the emperor Alexius. After April 1780 it was the administrative centre of Bogodukhov uyezd in Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire.

A cathedral was built in 1793.

The population was 10,522 in 1860 and 11,928 in 1897. In Soviet times, much was done to develop industry and education here.

A local newspaper has been published here since February 1930.

During World War II, Bogodukhov was occupied by the German Army from 16 October 1941 to 17 February 1943 and again from 11 March to 7 August 1943. It was liberated by 1st Tank Army.

In 1944, a dairy factory was built there In 1950 the city had three secondary schools, five seven-year schools, two primary schools and a vocational school. In 1965, a medical college was opened there.

In January 1989, the population was 18,962 people and the main branch of the economy was the food industry. In January 2013, the population was 15,797 people.

Transport
Bohodukhiv railway station  on the Southern railway is located here since 1878 at around 50.16667°N, 35.51667°W.

Twin towns – sister cities
Bohodukhiv is twinned with:
 * 🇺🇸 Boyertown, United States

title: Bohodukhiv


text: User talk:219.88.71.25

title: User talk:219.88.71.25


text:
Talk:1993 Canadian federal election

older entries
Do you know what's missing from this article? The date of the election...

 * You're right. maybe someone could check on that. I think it was in 1993, but I'm not sure.Kevintoronto

25 October 1993 Here it is

I've done my peer review, and made a number of edits, mostly minor. Nice article! --Barefootmatt 22:01, 23 October 2005 (UTC)

From the Background section:

"In a deviation from their traditional position as staunch federalists, the NDP chose to align itself with the Liberals and Conservatives on the "yes" side of the 1992 referendum."

eh? I'm not sure what is trying to be said here.

Apologies
Sorry about the text deletion in my last edit. Stupid eMac ... CJCurrie 04:53, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Semantics
"The opposition was divided between four parties, and for the first time ever, the party that was the Official Opposition did not have a majority of the opposition seats."

Is this strictly true, given the results of the 1921 election? The Progressives did refuse status as the Official Opposition, but they were still part of the opposition as they did not form a coalition with the Liberals, and so the Conservatives did not hold a majority of opposition seats as the Official Opposition. —Cuiviénen (Cuivië) 06:02, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Congratulations!
I wasn't even a teenager when it happened, but I do remember it being a really big deal. Great to see this major piece of Canadian history get star-worthy treatment. Thumbs up to all who contributed. Kelvinc 01:58, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Link to defination of francophone please
It's in the BQ section. I've never heard that word before. Joncnunn 13:32, 12 April 2006 (UTC)
 * There .. its linked to our article on francophone, now. It basically means French-speaking. --Q Canuck 14:01, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Date of creation of Bloc Québécois
This article claimed that the Bloc Québécois was created "two years" and later "three years" before the election. I have corrected the first reference to three years, as I believe that this is correct. — Grstain 15:11, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

It is: the BQ was formed in 1990 (though I don't believe it was formally incorporated as a party until 1992). CJCurrie 23:30, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Current Event?
Is there any particular reason that this article has the current event template on it? None of the articles on prior or subsequent elections appear to have this template (including the most recent one), and it seems somewhat strange for an article on an election that happened 13 years ago to be labeled as such. 131.202.114.171 23:27, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Please ignore above. I see the template has been removed in the time it took my connection to finally allow me to add that previous comment. 131.202.114.171 23:29, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

"Let to" dissolution
This eventually led to the party's dissolution on December 7, 2003.

Hmmm...can we really make that statement? While of course it set the party back a long while, I would say a combination of Paul Martin, the DRC coalitition collapse, and outside forces led to that. Habsfan|t 15:43, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

I believe this statement should be left out of the article. CJCurrie 23:54, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

Incumbent's re-election rate
Maybe I didn't look hard enough, but I didn't see a % of the Incumbents who were relected or defeated. I think that is a vital stat that should be on all election articles. Does anyone know it. Kevlar67 20:35, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

popular vote numbers do not add up
In the summary table, there is some kind of mistake in the numbers for the popular vote. Referring to the eighth column of the table (headed "Popular vote / #"), the actual total of the numbers in the sixteen rows is 13,667,479. But the number given in the table is 192 more, 13,667,671. This latter number accords with the Canadian Parliament site. So I guess one of the figures for one of the smaller parties is wrong? --Mathew5000 08:15, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Also I am confused that there are two separate rows for "Independent" and "No affiliation". I thought that if you run as an independent, it means precisely that you have no affiliation with any party. What is the explanation? --Mathew5000 08:15, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

 * On doing a bit more internet research, I found a source that suggests that the article is wrong about the vote totals for the Green Party and the Christian Heritage Party. --Mathew5000 09:09, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Indepedend and No Affiliation on recorded seperately. There is not much difference between the two, but I think NA refers to the fact that you wrote something other than Independent when you registered to run, but it wasn't a recognized party by Elections Canada. That is my guess, but I am not sure. -- Earl Andrew - talk 17:43, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Minor Parties
Is there any actual evidence that the Libertarian Party of Canada that time 'oppose abortion'? Any link or quote? Such stance on abortion seems to contradict the left wing social policy that is embedded in Libertarianism. I'm a little suspicious of that little info. REDSoC (talk) 03:42, 21 October 2009 (UTC)

clarification regarding GST and Harmonized Sales Taxes
reworded the section on the harmonization of the GST and provincial sales taxes under ISSUES so that it was clearer that the saying In some provinces it was Harmonized with the Provincial sales tax while in other provinces the GST and the Provincial Sales Tax remained separate.. Marcie (talk) 20:09, 15 November 2009 (UTC)

Legacy section
I seem to remember this being quite an interesting, articulately written piece about the legacy of the momentous 1993 election on Canadian politics. But I see now it's become a hodge-podge of seemingly random facts about subsequent elections which don't bother to link back to '93. It's not at all clear how anything that's written there is part of the election's legacy. It needs to state clearly how different this election was from previous Canadian elections, emphasizing the collapse of the national vote (except where the Liberals were concerned) and the rise of regional parties. It could talk about how the election set the stage for Liberal dominance for the next decade, as there was no viable alternative after the Progressive Conservative implosion. I think the author was trying to get at these things but it's written as a list of information without making the *themes* clear. Talking about what Stephen Harper got up to the 2000s is already off-topic and irrelevant to this article... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.20.216.30 (talk) 15:25, 6 April 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Canadian federal election, 1993. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090121120133/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090110.wpelltier0110/BNStory/National/home to http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20090110.wpelltier0110/BNStory/National/home

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Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 00:24, 18 October 2015 (UTC)

Political analysis
This article contains a lot of opinion and political analysis which has been written in Wikipedia's "voice". While it seems pretty accurate (to me, but I'm no expert), it's not up to the encyclopedia to say these things directly; the opinions should be attributed right in the text to journalists and political analysts ("Joe Blow, professor of political science at XYZ University, explained..."; "Editorials in the AAA and BBB newspapers agreed...") or trimmed out of the article leaving only facts.—Anne Delong (talk) 10:16, 18 May 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:21, 3 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Preston Manning 90s.png

title: Talk:1993 Canadian federal election


text:
List of provosts of Eton College

The provost is the chairman of the governing body of Eton College. He is chosen by the Crown and is assisted by a vice-provost and ten fellows.

15th century
Thomas Barker (1447)
 * Henry Sever (1440–1442)
 * William Waynflete (1442–1447)
 * John Clerk (1447)
 * William Westbury (1447–1477)

16th century
Richard Bruerne (1561)
 * Henry Bost (1477–1504)
 * Roger Lupton (1504–1535)
 * Roger Aldrich (1535–1547)
 * Sir Thomas Smith (1547–1554)
 * Henry Cole (1554–1559)
 * William Bill (1559–1561)
 * William Day (1561–1596)

17th century

 * Sir Henry Savile (1596–1622)
 * Sir Thomas Murray (1622–1623)
 * Sir Henry Wotton (1624–1639)
 * Richard Steward (1639–1644)
 * Francis Rous (1644–1659)
 * Nicholas Lockyer (1659–1660)
 * Nicholas Monck (1660–1661)
 * John Meredith (1662–1665)
 * Richard Allestree (1665–1680)
 * Zachary Cradock (1681–1695)

18th century

 * Henry Godolphin (1695–1732)
 * Henry Bland (1733–1746) previously Head Master 1720–1728
 * Stephen Sleech (1746–1765)
 * Edward Barnard (1765–1781) previously Head Master 1754–1765
 * William Hayward Roberts (1781–1791)

19th century
John Lonsdale (1840)
 * Jonathan Davies (1791–1809) previously Head Master 1773–1792
 * Joseph Goodall (1809–1840) previously Head Master 1802–1809
 * Francis Hodgson (1840–1853)
 * Edward Craven Hawtrey (1853–1862) previously Head Master 1834–1853
 * Charles Old Goodford (1862–1884) previously Head Master 1853–1862

20th century

 * James John Hornby (1884–1909) previously Head Master 1868–1884
 * Edmond Warre (1909–1918) previously Head Master 1884–1905
 * Montague Rhodes James (1918–1936)
 * Hugh Cecil, 1st Baron Quickswood (1936–1944)
 * Sir Henry Marten (1945–1949)
 * Sir Claude Aurelius Elliott (1949–1965) previously Head Master 1933–1949
 * Harold Caccia, Baron Caccia (1965–1978)
 * Martin Charteris, Baron Charteris of Amisfield (1978–1991)
 * Sir Antony Acland (1991–2000)

21st century

 * Sir Eric Anderson (2000–2009)
 * William Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill (2009–2024)
 * Sir Nicholas Coleridge (2024–present)

title: List of provosts of Eton College


text:
Civic United Front

The Civic United Front (CUF; Chama Cha Wananchi, lit. 'Party of Citizens') is a liberal party in Tanzania. Although nationally based, most of the CUF's support comes from the Zanzibar islands of Unguja and Pemba. The party is a member of Liberal International.

History
The Civic United Front was formed on 28 May 1992 through a merger of two formerly existing movements: KAMAHURU, a pressure group for democratization in Zanzibar, and the Civic Movement, a human rights organization based on the mainland.

Many CUF leaders were former stalwarts of the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), some of whom had been expelled over disputes about party and government policy. The party received full recognition on 21 January 1993.

Leadership

 * Ibrahim Lipumba, National Chairman
 * Abass Juma Muhunzi, Vice Chairman
 * Magdalena Sakaya, Deputy Secretary General (Tanzania mainland)

Electoral performance
The Civic United Front participated in the 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 elections.

In the 1995 presidential election, CUF candidate Ibrahim Lipumba placed third (behind Benjamin Mkapa of the CCM and NCCR-Mageuzi candidate Augustine Mrema) winning 6.43% of the vote. In the National Assembly, the party won 24 of 232 elective seats, making it the largest opposition party in the legislature. Seif Shariff Hamad won 49.76% of the vote against 50.24% for the ruling party's Salmin Amour in elections for the presidency of Zanzibar. The CUF also obtained 24 of 50 elective seats in the Zanzibar House of Representatives. International and domestic observers heavily criticized the conduct of the Zanzibar polls.

Following the election, the CUF boycotted the House of Representatives and refused to recognize the Zanzibari government as legitimate. In November 1997, eighteen leaders of the CUF were arrested and subsequently charged with treason. These charges were later dropped.

In the 29 October 2000 presidential election, Lipumba placed second to Mkapa, winning 16.26% of the vote. The party maintained its status as the largest opposition party in the National Assembly by winning 17 of 231 elective seats. Seif Shariff Hamad won 32.96% of the vote against 67.04% for the ruling party's Amani Abeid Karume in elections for the presidency of Zanzibar. The CUF won 16 of 50 elective seats in the Zanzibar House of Representatives. The elections were considered largely free and fair on the mainland, but observers noted serious irregularities in the Zanzibar polls, with some calling for a complete re-run of the polls. When the electoral commission nullified the results in only 16 constituencies, the CUF announced that it would boycott the new elections conducted on 5 November 2000.

Elections for the Zanzibar Presidency and House of Representatives took place on 30 October 2005. Seif Shariff Hamad placed second to incumbent Amani Abeid Karume, winning 46.07% of the vote. The party won 19 seats in the House of Representatives.

National elections were held on 14 December 2005. Ibrahim Lipumba placed a distant second to CCM candidate Jakaya Kikwete, winning 11.68% of the vote. Out of the 232 National Assembly seats filled through direct election, the CUF won 19.

title: Civic United Front


text:
United Democratic Party (Tanzania)

The United Democratic Party (UDP) is an opposition liberal party in Tanzania. The party is an observer at Liberal International.

Electoral performance
At the 2000 legislative elections, the party won 2 out of 269 seats in the National Assembly. In the presidential elections of the same day, its candidate John Cheyo won 4.2% of the vote.

The party didn't field a presidential candidate in the 14 December 2005 election, but did win one seat in National Assembly elections held on the same day.

title: United Democratic Party (Tanzania)


text:
Talk:Fayetteville, North Carolina

Untitled
Added "Colleges and Universities" section. Anyone want to write a page for Methodist College or Fayetteville Technical Community College? - Mattroyal 21:38, Jul 29, 2004 (UTC)

Fayettenam
Why was content which had existed prior to by addition of reliable sources removed? Please explain to me how Routledge, St. Martin's Press, and WIT Press are not reliable sources?-- RightCow LeftCoast ( Moo ) 04:05, 21 May 2020 (UTC)
 * I know this is old news, but I also support this being here as culturally relevant (and sourced as such) to the city. Similar to the old kerfuffle at Talk:Cary, North Carolina way back in the day. -Indy beetle (talk) 22:04, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

Fayetteville Metropolitan Statistical Area
The population of the Fayetteville metropolitan statistical area is 529,318 and includes Cumberland, Hoke and Harnett County in accordance with the US Census Bureau. The article on Fayetteville City and Fayetteville Metropolitan Statistical Area are incorrect Attack64 (talk) 01:08, 23 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Fayetteville, North Carolina


text:
Democrat Party (Thailand)

The Democrat Party (พรรคประชาธิปัตย์; ) is a Thai political party. The oldest party in Thailand, it was founded as a royalist party; it now upholds a conservative and pro-market position.

The Democrat Party made its best showings in parliament in 1948, 1976, and 1996. It has never won an outright parliamentary majority. The party's electoral support bases are southern Thailand and Bangkok, although the party’s strength in Bangkok has declined rapidly since the 2019 general election. Since 2004, Democrat candidates won three elections for the governorship of Bangkok. From 2005 to 2019, the Democrat Party was led by Abhisit Vejjajiva, former prime minister.

Names
The Thai name of the party, Prachathipat (ประชาธิปัตย์), is derived from the word prachathipatai (ประชาธิปไตย) which means 'democracy', 'democratic' or 'democrat'. The party said it wanted the term to mean the people in whom democracy is vested.

Party founding
The Democrat Party was founded by Khuang Aphaiwong on 5 April 1946, but the party considers 6 April as the party's founding day, to coincide with Chakri Memorial Day, as a conservative and royalist party, following the January 1946 elections. Early members included royalists opposed to Pridi Phanomyong and former Seri Thai underground resistance members. The party competed against the parties affiliated with Pridi Phanomyong and the Progressive Party of brothers Seni and Kukrit Pramoj. In the January 1946 elections, the Pridi-led coalition had won a majority in parliament. However, Pridi declined the nomination as prime minister and the parliament appointed Khuang as premier. Khuang resigned in March 1946, after being defeated on a bill, and was replaced by Pridi. The smaller Progress Party later merged with the Democrat Party.

Accusation against Pridi Phanomyong
After the death of King Ananda Mahidol in 1946, the Democrat Party accused Pridi of having been the mastermind behind the king's death and spread this propaganda throughout the capital. Seni Pramoj's wife told the US chargé d'affaires that Pridi had the king assassinated, and Democrat Party members spread the same rumor to the British Embassy. A few days after the king's death, a Democrat MP yelled out, "Pridi killed the King!" in the middle of a crowded theater.

November 1947 coup and the 1949 Constitution
By the time of the elections of August 1946, the Democrat Party was backed by royalists like Prince Upalisarn Jubala, Srivisarn Vacha, Sridhamadibes, Borirak Vejjakarn, and Srisena Sombatsiri. Except for Prince Upalisarn Jubala, all of these figures would become Privy Councilors to King Bhumibol Adulyadej. Parties affiliated with Pridi continued to win a majority of seats in parliament. Pridi was appointed premier, but later conceded to Luang Thamrong Navasavat. A military coup led by Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram later overthrew the Thamrong government.

The palace persuaded Marshal Plaek to appoint Khuang Aphaiwong as figurehead civilian prime minister. In subsequent elections on 29 January 1948, the Democrats won a majority for the first time, and reappointed Khuang as premier. Khuang packed his cabinet with palace allies, much to the consternation of the military. The military later, claiming that they were supporters of constitutional monarchy, demanded that Khuang resign. Marshal Plaek replaced Khuang as prime minister.

Although having no representatives in the cabinet, the Democrats had key representatives in the constitution drafting committee. Headed by Seni Pramoj and dominated by royalists under the direction of Prince Rangsit and Prince Dhani, the 1949 Constitution elevated the throne to its most powerful position since the 1932 overthrow of the absolute monarchy. Among its features was a senate whose members were to be appointed directly by the king. The constitution triggered protests among much of the public. It was attacked as contrary to the purpose of the 1932 revolution. Critics were branded republicans and communists.

Subsequent elections saw military-backed parties winning the majority in the House; however the Senate was still dominated by Democrats and other royalists. As Marshal Plaek was still premier, tensions between the military and the Democrat/palace-alliance steadily increased. On 29 November 1951, the military and the police seized power, just as King Bhumibol's ship was returning to Thai waters. Although the military's 1952 constitution, which was similar to the 1932 Constitution, called for elections, the Democrats had been practically barred from government for the following 23 years for their anti-military stance, denying them chances to serve the people.

Sarit Dhanarajata's government
Sarit Dhanarajata seized power from Marshal Plaek in 1957. Unlike Marshal Plaek, Sarit deified the throne, thus removing any advantage that the Democrats, who had previously been dominated by royalists, may have had. The junta did not immediately abrogate the 1952 constitution, but instead appointed Pote Sarasin as figurehead civilian premier. Elections were held on 15 December 1957, resulting in the Democrats losing to military-backed parties. Sarit's ally, General Thanom Kittikachorn, was appointed premier. Sarit later went to the US to seek treatment for liver cirrhosis. Eight months later, he recovered, returned and led another coup while dissolving parliament, abrogating the constitution, and ruling by revolutionary council. For the next nine years, there were no elections in Thailand, and the Democrat Party was dormant.

Thanom Kittikachorn's rule through military power
Thanom Kittikachorn, who had succeeded Sarit after his death, was pressured to promulgate a democratic constitution on 20 June 1968, and hold elections in February 1969. Parties affiliated with Thanom won the election, and the Democrats joined the opposition due to their anti-dictatorship stance. Thanom, his son Narong, and his brother-in-law Praphas Charusathien became known as the "three tyrants". They later executed a coup against their own government on 17 November 1971, abrogating the constitution and running the kingdom through a National Executive Council. Beginning in 1972, popular demands for democratic freedoms began to grow. In response to the demands, the National Executive Council drafted a new charter in December 1972, which established a wholly appointed 299-member National Legislative Assembly.

Shift to an unstable civilian government
Opposition to the three tyrants culminated on 14 October 1973, when 400,000 persons protested at the Democracy Monument. A violent crackdown and subsequent intervention by the king led to the appointment of Privy Councilor Sanya Dhammasakdi as premier. The three tyrants left the kingdom. Sanya established a constitution drafting committee, consisting of Kukrit Pramoj (who by this time had established and defected to the Social Action Party) and many academics. The new constitution was promulgated on 7 October 1974.

Legislative elections were held in January 1975, resulting in none of the 22 parties coming close to winning a majority. The Democrats, led by Seni Pramoj, formed a coalition government in February 1974. Seni was appointed premier, but the coalition was unstable, and was replaced in less than a month by a Social Action Party-led coalition which appointed Social Action Party leader Kukrit Pramoj as premier.

Seni Pramoj and the 6 October 1976 massacre
The kingdom descended into political chaos, with anti-leftist groups growing increasingly violent. In January 1976, the military pressured Kukrit to dissolve parliament. Elections were scheduled on 14 April. The months leading up to the election were particularly eventful: The head of the Socialist Party was assassinated, the Red Gaur attempted to bomb the headquarters of the New Force Party (a leftist party), and the Chart Thai Party was established with the slogan "Right Kills Left". Seni Pramoj's Democrats won the most seats in the election, and formed an unstable coalition government.

Seni's government came under great pressure. A bill to extend elections to local levels was passed by parliament 149-19, but the king refused to sign the bill or return it to parliament, effectively vetoing it. As anti-leftist sentiments mounted, Praphas Charusathien returned shortly from exile and met the king. Students protesting Praphas' return were attacked by Red Gaur paramilitary units. On 19 September 1976, Thanom also returned from exile and was immediately ordained as a monk at Wat Bovornives. Massive protests erupted. The king and queen returned from a trip to the south and visited monk Thanom, leading Seni to resign from the premiership in protest. His resignation was refused by parliament, but initial attempts to reshuffle his cabinet were vetoed by the king. The political tension finally culminated in the 6 October 1976 massacre, when Village Scouts and Red Gaur joined with some military and police to massacre at least 46 students protesting at Thammasat University. That evening, the military seized power and installed hard-line royalist Tanin Kraivixien as premier.

The military coup to restore order was endorsed by the king, who declared it was "a manifestation of what the people clearly wanted." The new constitution did not express any obligation for the government to have a cabinet or elections, and gave the premier near-absolute powers.

The Democrat Party in the 1990s
The Democrat Party, being led by Bhichai Rattakul, became an outspoken opponent of military rule in Thai politics during the 1990s. The Democrat Party was the key member of the "People Power" movement in 1992.

Chuan Leekpai
The party's voter base is traditionally concentrated in southern Thailand and in Bangkok, where the party relies on the support from the capital's aristocratic, meritocratic, and educated middle and upper classes. In the 1990s, under the leadership of Chuan Leekpai, a native of Trang Province, the Democrats quickly became the dominant party in southern Thailand. The influences of provincial politicians from the south into the party created considerable tension with the party's Bangkok establishment. Chuan's "Mr. Clean" image, however, made him personally popular with Democrat Party supporters throughout Thailand, and so the party managed to stay cohesive under his leadership. The first Chuan government (1992–1995) fell when members of the cabinet were implicated in profiting from the Sor Phor Kor 4-01 land project documents distributed in Phuket Province. Chuan was again premier from 1997 to 2001, in the midst of the 1997 Asian financial crisis and its aftermath. The party lost a landslide election victory to Thaksin Shinawatra's populist Thai Rak Thai (TRT) party, winning 128 seats compared to the TRT's 248 in the 2001 general election.

After the election in 2001,Thaksin Shinawatra the leader of Thai Rak Thai Party, became prime minister. New Aspiration Party has joined the government. Shortly thereafter. The New Aspiration Party was merged with the Thai Rak Thai Party. Mostly to join Thai Rak Thai party (the governing party) with Gen. Chavalit Yongchaiyudh except Lieutenant Colonel Thita Rangsitpol Manitkul, WRTA Member of the Parliament and Deputy Secretary of the party. Offset to the Democrat Party (Thailand) (Opposition Party) remains the only MPs moving from the opposition party government. During her tenure as a member of the House of Representatives.

Banyat Bantadtan
In 2003, Chuan retired from his position as party leader. Banyat Bantadtan, a southerner and a close aide to Chuan, succeeded him after a closely fought leadership contest with Abhisit Vejjajiva.

Democrat Party's candidate Apirak Kosayothin won the 2004 Bangkok gubernatorial election; the TRT Party did not submit a candidate. The Democrat Party lost further ground to Thai Rak Thai in the 2005 general election. In the election campaign, the Democrats had a populist platform, promoting job creation, universal education and health care, and law and order against crime and corruption. The party aimed to gain 201 seats, enough to launch a vote of a no confidence debate against the premier. They won 96 of 500 seats and 18.3 percent of the popular vote. The party's leader, Banyat Bantadtan, resigned after the election.

On 6 March 2005, Abhisit Vejjajiva was elected new party leader. Upon succeeding the party's leadership from Banyat, Abhisit noted, "It will take a long time to revive the party because we need to look four years ahead and consider how to stay in the hearts of the people."

Abhisit Vejjajiva and the Thai Rak Thai government
The popularity of the populist Thai Rak Thai Party in Thai politics from 2001 to 2006 presented new challenges to the Democrat Party. The TRT championed populist policies with its focus on providing affordable and quality health care for all citizens, village-managed microcredit development funds, the government-sponsored One Tambon One Product program, and others. The populist policies earned the TRT enormous support from rural constituencies, unprecedented in Thailand's history.

Opposition to the TRT government rose in Bangkok after Thaksin's family announced their tax-free sale of their 49.6 percent stake in Shin Corp to Temasek for almost 73.3 billion baht on 23 January 2006. The People's Alliance for Democracy began a series of anti-government protests. Several Democrat Party leaders also joined the PAD, which accused Thaksin of disloyalty to the throne and asked King Bhumibol to appoint a replacement prime minister. Thaksin Shinawatra dissolved the House of Representatives on 24 February 2006 and called for an election. On 24 March 2006, Abhisit Vejjajiva publicly backed the People's Alliance for Democracy's call for a royally-appointed government. Bhumibol, in a speech on 26 April 2006, responded, "Asking for a royally-appointed prime minister is undemocratic. It is, pardon me, a mess. It is irrational".

Abhisit and his opposition parties allies boycotted the April 2006 elections, claiming it "diverted public attention" from Thaksin's corruption charges and his sale of Shin Corp. The boycott caused a constitutional crisis, prompting Thaksin to call another round of elections in October 2006, which the Democrats did not boycott. The army seized power on 19 September and cancelled the upcoming election.

2006 coup and military government
Abhisit voiced displeasure at the 2006 coup that overthrew Thaksin, but otherwise did not protest it or the military junta that ruled Thailand for over a year. A fact-finding panel at the attorney-general's office found that the Democrat Party bribed other parties to boycott the April 2006 parliamentary election, which forced a constitutional crisis, and voted to dissolve the party. It also found that Thaksin's Thai Rak Thai party bribed other parties to contest the election. A junta tribunal acquitted Abhisit and the Democrats of the vote fraud charges, but convicted and banned the Thai Rak Thai party and its entire executive team.

Abhisit supported the junta's 2007 Constitution, calling it an improvement on the 1997 constitution. The military junta organized general elections for 23 December 2007.

Despite being banned from politics for five years, Thaksin Shinawatra was popular in his former support bases in the central, north, and northeastern regions and attempted to maintain an active role in Thai politics by supporting the People's Power Party, which had become the successor party of the banned TRT. Abhisit promoted populist policies in his party's campaign as the Democrat Party's platform in the 2007 parliamentary election. He claimed that while his platform was categorically considered to be populist, it sought to curb inflation while maintaining fiscal soundness, to apply the village-based microcredit development funds used in the Thaksin-led government, but do it as part of promoting royalist sufficiency economy policies in rural areas, and to strengthen the country's long-term competitiveness through universal education through high school.

In the junta-administered 2007 parliamentary election, the People's Power Party won the largest share of the vote and formed a six-party coalition government. The Democrats' populist platform was poorly received in the central, north, and northeastern regions. The Democrat Party became the opposition party as it was the second-largest party in the House of Representatives.

People's Alliance for Democracy and the 2008 political crisis
The People's Alliance for Democracy resurfaced to destabilize the People's Power government, after having gone dormant following the 2006 coup. Several Democrat Party leaders allied themselves with PAD in the subsequent 2008–2010 Thai political crisis. PAD organized extended street protests and later led a months-long seizure of Government House, the seat of Thai government. In November 2008, PAD supporters seized and occupied Don Muang Airport and Suvarnabhumi Airport.

PAD declared that the only person they would accept as premier was Abhisit of the Democrat Party. Abhisit disapproved of the sieges, but did not stop his deputies from their PAD involvement.

2008–2011 coalition government
The sieges ended when the constitutional court banned the People's Power Party and two of its coalition allies. During the critical period that followed the rulings, it is alleged that army commander and co-leader of the 2006 coup, General Anupong Paochinda, coerced former PPP MPs, mainly those of the Friends of Newin Group, to endorse a Democrat Party-led coalition, which secured enough parliamentary votes to allow Abhisit to be elected prime minister. These MPs, along with MPs of four other former PPP-coalition parties, crossed the aisle to endorse a Democrat-led coalition government. In a December 2008 parliamentary session, the Democrat-led coalition government was voted upon, with 235 to 198 votes in favor of Democrat Party leader and candidate for PM Abhisit Vejjajiva.

During Songkran (Thai New Year), anti-government UDD protesters disrupted the Fourth East Asia Summit. Violent protests then erupted in Bangkok, leading Abhisit to declare a state of emergency for three days, censoring the media, and using military force to end the protests.

Soon afterward, PAD leader Sondhi Limthongkul was the target of an unsuccessful assassination attempt. Both Sondhi's son and Thaksin claimed that factions within the Democrat government were behind the assassination. Abhisit's foreign minister counter-claimed that Thaksin was behind it.

2011 general election
Abhisit dissolved parliament in early-2011 and scheduled general elections for 3 July 2011. Abhisit unveiled a slate of candidates highlighted by 30 celebrities and heirs of political families, including Chitpas Bhirombhakdi, heiress of the Singha Beer fortune and former staff member of Abhisit's secretariat office. Abhisit promised to increase the minimum wage by 25 percent if the Democrat Party won the election.

At the general election on 3 July 2011, the Democrats were only able to defend 159 seats in the House of Representatives, while rivaling Pheu Thai Party led by Yingluck Shinawatra won an outright majority. The next day, Abhisit stepped down as the party leader. However, on 6 August, he was re-elected as the leader of the Democrat Party with the support of 96 percent of those eligible to vote at the party's assembly—some 330 people including local branch leaders and MPs.

2019 general election
In 2018, the Democrats held a contest for party leader in preparation for the upcoming election. Abhisit was re-elected party leader, beating former PDRC leader, Warong Dechgitvigrom, by approximately 10,000 votes.

Abhisit said that the Democrats would not form a government with Phalang Pracharat, the most prominent pro-junta party. Additionally, he said the Democrats would not support Prayut Chan-o-cha for Prime Minister. These statements was met with skepticism from both the junta and the media.

In April, Prayut responded by saying that he expected the Democrats to change their stance and work with the junta after the election. Additionally, many commentators predicted Democrats would form a government coalition with Phalang Pracharat.

The 2019 election proved to be a major upset to the party, which came in fourth place and won no seats in its traditional stronghold of Bangkok, leading to Abhisit resigning as party leader, having stated previously that he would do so if the party won fewer than 100 seats. Jurin Laksanawisit was elected to succeed him on 15 May. The Democrats then formed a pact with the Bhumjaithai Party, intending to use their combined 103 MPs as leverage for negotiations with other parties. At the first meeting of the new parliament, Democrat ex-prime minister Chuan was nominated speaker of the House of Representatives by PPRP deputy leader Nataphol Teepsuwan and was elected to that office. This move was seen by commentators as a signal that a deal had been reached and a coalition with the Phalang Pracharat party was imminent. The coalition was finally made official on 4 June, one day before the National Assembly was scheduled to vote for the prime minister, following a vote by party MPs and executives. Following this, Abhisit resigned as MP, stating that he could not break his previous stance on not supporting Phalang Pracharat.

2022 sexual scandal
Prinn Panitchpakdi, deputy leader of the Democrat Party was accused of many sexual misconduct cases, including rape. Senior executives such as Kanok Wongtra-ngan and Mallika Boonmeetrakul Mahasuk left the party for a moral responsibility.

2023 general election
The 2023 election proved another setback to the party, which slipped further down to sixth place with only 25 MPs, prompting the resignation of party leader Jurin. The Democrats once again won no seats in its traditional stronghold of Bangkok and received only 2.68% of the party-list vote in the capital. This is likely due to conservatives voting for the military-backed United Thai Nation while the educated middle class (once the Democrats’ core voter base) moved to the progressive Move Forward Party. Furthermore, the party lost ground in the historically Democrat southern provinces to other conservative parties.

During the 2nd prime ministership election, 16 out of 25 Democrat MPs voted for the Pheu Thai candidate Srettha Thavisin despite agreeing to abstain. This caused a divide between the “New Democrat” MPs (who are more open to working with Pheu Thai) and the “Old Guard” MPs (who still view Pheu Thai as their historical rival.)

On 9 December 2023, a meeting was held to choose the party’s new leader with four candidates running for leadership — former prime minister Abhisit Vejjajiva, the party’s acting leader Chalermchai Sri-on,former Democrat MP Lt-Colonel Thita Rangsitpol Manitkul former MP and businesswoman Watanya “Madame Dear” Bunnag. Before the actual leadership vote was held, Watanya was forced out of the race due to not meeting the requirements which led to her immediately leaving the meeting in tears. After a brief chat between Abhisit and Chalermchai, Abhisit announced his decision to withdraw his candidacy and leave the party altogether. The meeting resulted in Chalermchai Sri-on being elected as the Democrat Party’s new leader.

title: Democrat Party (Thailand)


text:
Liberal Democratic Party (Turkey)

Liberal Democratic Party (Liberal Demokrat Parti, LDP) is a classical liberal party in Turkey. LDP was founded in 1994 as “Liberal Parti” by Turkish entrepreneur Besim Tibuk. According to data published in January 2024, the party has 3,601 members.

Tibuk was the advisor of Turkish President Turgut Özal until Özal died on 17 April 1993. After the death of Turgut Özal, Besim Tibuk decided to found a new party to emphasize the liberal movement in Turkey. Tibuk first founded the party as "Liberal Party", but following the "1994 Liberal Democratic Party Ordinary Congress" the party's name then changed from the Liberal Party to "Liberal Democratic Party". After the failure of his party in the 2002 general elections, Tibuk resigned on 25 November 2002, leaving his office to Nizam Kağıtçıbaşı, who only remained 48 days in office and got voted out by Ercan Çalı. Çalı remained in office for 336 days, before eventually getting replaced by member of the Grand National Assembly Emin Şirin, who had resigned from AKP and joined the Liberal Democratic Party on 14 October 2003 in the party's 1st Extraordinary Congress. Later on, Emin Şirin announced his resignation from the chairmanship and party membership on 13 February 2004 due to differences of opinion with the party, and thus, between 14 December 2003 and 13 February 2004, the party was represented in the Turkish Grand National Assembly for the first and last time in its history. Hakan Çizem took over the vacant seat to remain chairman of the party until 20 June 2005. Çizem was later voted out by Cem Toker who remained the leader of LDP from 20 June 2005 to 29 January 2017. Since then, Gültekin Tırpancı has been the leader of the party. Some of LDP's current political views include reducing government spending and taxes, lowering tax rates, reducing government bureaucracy, abolishing the compulsory General Health Insurance and switching to a voluntary private health insurance system, ending compulsory military service and switching to professional military service.

LDP announced in the following years that there were no youth branches and women's branches in the party due to the principles of not making age and gender discrimination in the administration. However, the youth group called "Genç Yunuslar" (Young Dolphins) continues to exist even though it is not considered an official organization by LDP. Unlike other parties in Turkish politics, the party uses a humorous language on its official Twitter accounts.

LDP is the first party in Turkey to advocate for the legalization of marijuana.

Presidential system
LDP advocates changing Turkey's parliamentary system, arguing that it brings political instability and believes that the U.S. style presidential system with two round system should be implemented. LDP also supported the "No!” vote in the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, arguing that proposed amendments have nothing related with presidential system.

SMB's
LDP supports low taxation. The party believes that only 3 types of taxes should be implented; income tax, which it believes that it should be levied on businesses employing more than 5 people, consumption tax, which it believes that it should be levied only on the end consumer, and property tax, to finance municipal costs.

LDP supports the abolition of government agencies such as the SBB and supports the simplification of company establishment and closure procedures. LDP opposes all government agency enforced taxes. LDP supports the abolition of compulsory membership in chambers of industry and commerce.

LGBT rights
LDP believes that LGBT rights fall within the scope of individual freedoms, and advocates tax exemption for donations made to non-governmental organisations providing education on LGBT rights and supports increased penalties for violence against LGBT people. LDP has also stated that it supports pride parades in Turkiye.

Women's rights
LDP supports increased penalties for violence against women and advocates tax exemption for donations to non-governmental organisations providing education on women's rights.

TRT
In his 1999 pre-election propaganda speech, which was going to be broadcast on TRT, LDP leader Tibuk stated he would sell everything as an election promise, including TRT. The quote later became an internet meme, mainly being used by liberals across Turkey.

2014 local elections
LDP won its first mayoralty in local elections in 2014 in the town of Konakkuran in the Malazgirt district of Muş. Bülent Ateş, who came first in the elections, stated that he did not believe in liberal ideology and that he ran as a candidate from the LDP only because its emblem was a memorable party, and later switched to the Democratic Regions Party along with his 5 council members. After 5 out of 12 council members switched to the Democratic Regions Party with Bülent Ateş, one council member in Ağrı, Patnos switched to the conservative Justice and Development Party.

2023 general elections
For the 2023 elections, the LDP made the following statement: "Although our economic views do not match, within the framework of the current conditions and discourses, we declare to the public that our support is in favor of the Nation Alliance for respect for the law, modern secular democracy and a transparent parliament."

title: Liberal Democratic Party (Turkey)


text:
Liberal Party of Ukraine

The Liberal Party of Ukraine (Ліберальна партія України, or LPU) is a modern Ukrainian political party. It was founded on September 12, 1991 in Donetsk. The official date of registration is 10.10.1991, the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine certificate number is 132.

Main liberal principles are based on world's liberal traditions: precedence of law, political and economic freedoms, government and national idea. Today The Liberal Party of Ukraine has 32 thousands of members, 432 local and district centers in all regions of Ukraine, Crimea, cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol.

The aim of the party promote and disseminate ideas and principles of liberalism in Ukraine, implement liberal and democratic reforms. Traditional values of Ukrainian liberalism are labor, truth and freedom.

The Liberal Party of Ukraine is the first liberal party of former Soviet countries recognized by Liberal International as one that meets international criteria of political liberalism. LPU is officially accepted into the ranks of LI in the status of observer member on November 23, 1997 at 48th Congress of Liberal International held in Oxford (Great Britain).

Party Congress
Founding Congress – September 12, 1991 – Donetsk

І Congress – June 3, 1993 року - Kyiv

ІІ Congress – January 28, 1995 року – Kyiv

ІІІ Congress – 1 phase – January 26, 1996 року - Kyiv

ІІІ Congress – 2 phase - April 28, 1996 року - Kyiv

IV Congress – October 25, 1997 - Kyiv

V Congress – December 19, 1998 року - Kyiv

VI Congress – May 15, 1999 року – Kyiv

VII Congress – December 7, 2001 року – Kyiv

VIII Congress – March 19, 2004 року - Kyiv

IX Congress – July 4, 2004 року – Kyiv

X Congress – June 25, 2005 року – Kyiv

XI Congress – November 5, 2005 року – Kyiv

XII Congress – І етап - December 17, 2005 року – Kyiv

XII Congress – ІІ етап – December 22, 2005 року – Kyiv

XIII Congress – August 4, 2007 року – Kyiv

XIV Congress – November 1, 2009 року – Kyiv

History of the Party
Party was formed on Founding Congress of September 12, 1991. I.R. Markulov was selected as the first Head of the LPU.

In summer 1993 Liberal Party became all-Ukrainian. The first Congress in Kyiv adopted the program based on values of social liberalism.

In January 1995 the second Congress of LPU was held, that choose O.I. Soskin as the Head. At that time The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine was forming the liberal parliamentary fraction "Socio-market choice". LPU took strong centrist stand.

The third Congress of LPU (January–April, 1996) approved new edition of party program and its new Charter. The Congress elected Volodymyr Shcherban as the Head of Liberal Party of Ukraine.

In 1997, the LPU actively enters the international scene for the first time, becomes a full member of international liberal movement and joins the Liberal International on the Congress in Oxford. In 1998 it takes stand in elections to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in the bloc "Party of Labor and Liberal Party – Together!" Bloc does not overcome 4% electoral threshold and do not get to the Verkhovna Rada.

In 1999 the Liberal Party of Ukraine supported the candidate for President of Ukraine – Leonid Kuchma.

In 2002 it took stand in parliamentary and local elections as a member of electoral bloc of Viktor Yushchenko "Our Ukraine". In result of elections two members of LPU entered the Verkhovna Rada. Two liberals chaired regional councils and one member became a mayor, 600 members of LPU became members of regional, district in cities, village and town councils.

On the eve of president elections in 2004, under the pressure of the Head V.P. Shcherban, The Liberal Party of Ukraine decided to withdraw from the Our Ukraine bloc and join the coalition that supported presidential candidate V.F. Yanukovich.

On June 4, 2005, LPU political council accepted the resignation of V.P. Scherban from post of the Chairman of the Liberty Party of Ukraine. On June 25, 2005 the new Head - P.S. Tsyganka was elected. The new composition of the Political Council and Head of the Party was selected.

In 2006 The Liberal Party of Ukraine took stand in the parliamentary elections independently and failed to overcome the electoral threshold.

LPU refused to participate in early parliamentary elections in 2007 because of reasonably disbelief in the honesty and transparency of their implementation.

In 2010 the Liberal Party nominated its candidate for President of Ukraine, the first head of LPU I.Markulov, which, however, was not registered by the CEC for technical reasons.

In the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election the party won 0.07% of the national votes and no constituencies (it had competed in 3 constituencies) and thus failed to win parliamentary representation.

In the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election the party again failed to win parliamentary representation since it now won 0.05% of the national votes and again no constituencies (it had competed in 38 constituencies).

In the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election the party is again competing in constituencies. One of the candidates the party put forward is, former head of the Presidential Administration of Ukraine during the presidency of Viktor Yanukovych, Andriy Klyuyev.

title: Liberal Party of Ukraine


text:
Talk:Gutka

"Use by pregnant women increases the risk of low birth rates in newborns."
I really think this should read "Use by pregnant women increases the risk of low birth weights in newborns." but I cannot see the reference.

ban, really?
i'm in Delhi right now (december 2016) and guthka is literally everywhere, sold on every corner, spat on every sidewalk. if it's banned nobody knows or enforces that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 223.30.38.222 (talk) 17:56, 17 December 2016 (UTC)

snuff vs. American chewing tobacco
Just edited the page to change references to snuff to American chewing tobacco. Unlike snuff, this is chewed, not snorted. I also wanted to minimize confusing this product with Swedish snus, which studies are showing may have significantly lower health risks than other tobaccos, and appears to have rates of cancer very close to rates seen among the non-tobacco using populations. --NightMonkey 21:41, Jul 29, 2004 (UTC)

Just got a bag of RMD
Being a long time Skoal, Cope, Red Man, and nasel (nose) snuff user I am just after buying a few bags of RMD for about $1.50 CDN (Canadian) each. I would say that the quote "It imparts upon its user a "buzz" somewhat more intense than that of tobacco." is an understatement. Just my two cents.142.161.162.197 (talk) 09:51, 19 November 2008 (UTC)Some.Canadian.IP.Address

 * It's been several years, and I got a box of 50 from eBay for a fraction of the price. Nice! 206.45.160.228 (talk) 19:14, 16 November 2009 (UTC)Some.Canadian.IP.Address

Copyright problem removed
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External links modified
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External links modified
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External links modified
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Adding Citations
I'm going to take a stab at adding some citations here. Fingers crossed. 2019RiSK (talk) 17:22, 6 December 2019 (UTC)

Nicotine is not carcinogenic
Text prior to footnote 11 states "28 carcinogenic chemicals including nicotine." This implies that nicotine is carcinogenic when it is not. 2A02:C7C:2D00:4400:B033:2588:742:A2BC (talk) 22:02, 3 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gutka


text: User talk:61.0.49.124

title: User talk:61.0.49.124