text:
Ismael Rodríguez

Ismael Rodríguez (October 19, 1917 – August 7, 2004) was a Mexican film director.

Rodríguez rose to fame due to the movies he directed starring Pedro Infante, and directed many major stars, including Dolores del Río, María Félix, Toshiro Mifune, Jorge Negrete, Sara García, Luis Aguilar, Tito Guízar, Gloria Marín, Carmelita González, Antonio Aguilar, Columba Domínguez and Flor Silvestre. He directed the film Ánimas Trujano (1961) for which he was nominated for an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film.

Rodríguez's most renowned international film is Tizoc, in which Pedro Infante starred alongside María Félix. For this role, Infante won the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 7th Berlin International Film Festival.

He died on 7 August 2004 at the age of 87.

title: Ismael Rodríguez


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Expenditure

 * dicdef - delete - Mattingly23 18:39, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: dictdef, no transwiki. (I'm almost relieved to see nice, non-controversial dictdefs again.) Geogre 23:30, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Psilocin

Psilocin (also known as 4-HO-DMT, 4-hydroxy DMT, psilocine, psilocyn, or psilotsin) is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic substance. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin. Psilocin is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. Acting on the 5-HT2A serotonin receptors, psilocin’s psychedelic effects are directly correlated with the drug’s occupancy at these receptor sites. The subjective mind-altering effects of psilocin are highly variable and are said to resemble those of LSD and DMT.

Chemistry
Psilocin and its phosphorylated cousin, psilocybin, were first isolated and named in 1958 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann. Hofmann obtained the chemicals from laboratory-grown specimens of the entheogenic mushroom Psilocybe mexicana. Hofmann also succeeded in finding synthetic routes to these chemicals.

Psilocin can be obtained by dephosphorylation of natural psilocybin under strongly acidic or under alkaline conditions (hydrolysis). A synthetic route uses the Speeter–Anthony tryptamine synthesis procedure. First, 4-hydroxyindole is Friedel-Crafts-acylated with oxalyl chloride in position 3. The compound is further reacted with dimethylamine, yielding the indole-3-yl-glyoxamide. Finally, this 4-hydroxyindole-3-N,N-dimethylglyoxamide is reduced by lithium aluminum hydride yielding psilocin.

Psilocin is relatively unstable in solution due to its phenolic hydroxy (-OH) group. In the presence of oxygen, it readily forms bluish and dark black degradation products. Similar products are also formed in the presence of oxygen and Fe3+ ions.

Structural analogs
Sulfur analogs are known with a benzothienyl replacement as well as 4-SH-DMT. 1-Methylpsilocin is a functionally 5-HT2C receptor preferring agonist. 4-Fluoro-N,N-dimethyltryptamine is known. O-Acetylpsilocin (4-AcO-DMT) is the ester of acetic acid with psilocin. Additionally, replacement of a methyl group at the dimethylated nitrogen with an isopropyl or ethyl group yields 4-HO-MIPT (4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine) and 4-HO-MET (4-hydroxy-N-methyl-N-ethyltryptamine), respectively. 4-Acetoxy-MET (4-Acetoxy-N-methyl-N-ethyltryptamine), also known as 4-AcO-MET, is the acetate ester of 4-HO-MET, and a homologue of 4-AcO-DMT.

Pharmacology
Psilocin is the pharmacologically active agent in the body after ingestion of psilocybin or some species of psychedelic mushrooms.

Psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated in the body to psilocin which acts as a 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A agonist or partial agonist. Psilocin exhibits functional selectivity in that it activates  phospholipase A2 instead of activating phospholipase C as the endogenous ligand serotonin does. Psilocin is structurally similar to serotonin (5-HT), differing only by the hydroxyl group being on the 4-position rather than the 5 and the dimethyl groups on the nitrogen. Its effects are thought to come from its agonist activity at 5-HT2A serotonin receptors in the prefrontal cortex.

Psilocin has no significant effect on dopamine receptors (unlike LSD) and only affects the noradrenergic system at very high dosages.

Psilocin's half-life ranges from 1 to 3 hours.

Behavioral and non-behavioral effects

Its physiological effects are similar to a sympathetic arousal state. Specific effects observed after ingestion can include but are not limited to tachycardia, dilated pupils, restlessness or arousal, euphoria, open and closed eye visuals (common at medium to high doses), synesthesia (e.g. hearing colours and seeing sounds), increased body temperature, headache, sweating and chills, and nausea. Psilocin acts as a 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist or partial agonist. Such receptors are claimed to significantly regulate visuals, decision making, mood, decreased blood pressure, and heart rate.

There has been no direct lethality associated with psilocin. There has been no reported withdrawal syndrome when chronic use of this drug is ceased. There is cross tolerance among psilocin, mescaline, LSD, and other 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT1A agonists due to down-regulation of these receptors.

Legal status
The United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances (adopted in 1971) requires its members to prohibit psilocybin, and parties to the treaty are required to restrict the use of the drug to medical and scientific research under strictly controlled conditions.

Australia
Psilocin is considered a Schedule 9 prohibited substance in Australia under the Poisons Standard (October 2015). A Schedule 9 substance is a substance which may be abused or misused, the manufacture, possession, sale or use of which should be prohibited by law except when required for medical or scientific research, or for analytical, teaching or training purposes with approval of Commonwealth and/or State or Territory Health Authorities.

Russia
Psilocin and psilocybin are banned in Russia, due to their status as narcotic drugs, with a criminal penalty for possession of more than 50 mg.

title: Psilocin


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jan wellendorf

From VfD:

 * doesn't seem like this should be in wikipedia - delete - Mattingly23 18:44, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Non notable. Delete.  RickK 19:13, Aug 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Another person whose surname lacks a majiscule. It looks like a first entry from a new user, but he or she did not sign in.  The figure in question is possibly a prosperous person, but not notable. Geogre 23:34, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Jan Wellendorf developed a style of karate called Sanshinkai, which does not by a Google search appear to be a hugely major or famous style. He published two books on karate in 1980 and 1981, which are now out of print. One karate sensei refers on his website to Wellendorf as "retired president" of the Karate International organization, but this promising lead fizzles out: "Karate International" turns out to be a balkanized catagory, there are lots of little Karate Internationals and no the Karate International, at least not on the web. Conclusion: not encyclopedic, delete. Bishonen 19:02, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion


text:
Samuel Graves

Admiral Samuel Graves (17 April 1713 – 8 March 1787) was a British Royal Navy admiral who is probably best known for his role early in the American Revolutionary War.

Ancestry
He is thought to have been born in Castledawson, Ireland. His grandfather Captain James Graves (1654–1689) was murdered in his bed and robbed of his regiment's wages. Samuel Graves was born the youngest son and presumably second youngest child of Captain Graves' son Samuel Graves (1674–1727) and his wife Jane Moore. He had three older brothers and a sister.

By joining the Royal Navy, he followed in the footsteps of his uncle Thomas Graves, whose son Thomas Graves is most well known for having commanded the British fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake during the American War of Independence. Another Thomas Graves, a nephew to Samuel Graves, was knighted following the Battle of Copenhagen in 1801, where he had served as Horatio Nelson's second-in-command. A number of Graves' served in the Royal Navy during the 18th and early 19th centuries.

Military career
Graves joined the Royal Navy in 1732. Made lieutenant in 1739, he participated in the 1741 expedition against Cartagena, serving on the frigate Norfolk, under his uncle and future admiral, Captain Thomas Graves. Samuel Graves's cousin Thomas, Captain Graves's son and also future admiral, served alongside him on the third-rate ship-of-the-line Norfolk. Promoted to command of the sloop Bonetta in 1743, Graves served in the West Indies until 1747, commanding Ripon's Prize, and, later, Enterprise.

Seven Years' War
In 1756 Graves rose to command Duke. Two years later, Graves returned to the command of Duke, serving again under Hawke in the Battle of Quiberon Bay on 20 November 1759. He continued in command of Duke until his promotion to rear admiral in October 1762.

That same year, Graves faced several lawsuits when the conduct of a press-gang sent out by him to was deemed excessively brutal by the townspeople of Bristol. Seeing as a by-election was held at the same time, the local Tories suspected him to have purposefully and unlawfully impressed eligible voters in order to influence the election on behalf of the Whigs.

American Revolutionary War
In October 1770 Graves rose to vice admiral, and in July 1774 assumed command of the North American Station. Graves's orders were vague, his resources overstretched, and his task, in the words of the Dictionary of National Biography, "perhaps the most ungracious duty that has ever fallen to the lot of a naval officer." According to his instructions, Graves was charged with supporting customs officials enforcing the various revenue and trade acts governing North American colonial trade within the empire, especially the Boston Port Act. With only 26 ships and over one-thousand miles of coastline from Nova Scotia to Florida to patrol, Graves's task was Sisyphean.

Manning problems made the Royal Navy's problems even more acute, thus forcing it to resort to press gangs in order to supplement the ships' slender crews. Compounding the problem was the attitude and behavior of navy officers who did not recognize local authority and were more often contemptuous of local officials and sensitivities.

Headquartered in Boston, Graves was at the center of the Revolutionary turmoil in New England. His sailors manned the boats that ferried British soldiers across the Charles River en route to Concord on the night of 18 April 1775. Two months later, on 17 June 1775, his sailors again helped ferry troops, this time to the Charlestown Peninsula, while several of his ships provided fire support for the pyrrhic victory at Bunker Hill. During the Siege of Boston, Admiral Graves, on 6 October 1775, ordered Lieutenant Henry Mowatt, commanding the armed vessel HMS Canceaux (1764), to destroy seaports that were supporting the rebellion. Mowatt burned Falmouth (today's Portland, Maine) on 18 October.

Graves' position in Boston was tenuous; his relationship with General Gage was characterised by a strong mutual dislike which at the time was rumoured to at least partially result from a dispute between their wives Margaret Graves and Margaret Kemble Gage, who reportedly had fallen out over the question whether dancing should be allowed at a card-party or not. The trifling nature of their dispute aside, both women were staunch partisans of their husbands to the point that contemporaries mused both were "led", and thus presumably influenced in their capacities as military commanders, by their wives.

Shortly before the Burning of Falmouth, in August 1775, Graves was involved in a public fistfight with Commissioner of Customs Benjamin Hallowell, the climax of an ongoing dispute between the two concerning the hay to be harvested on a small island off Boston. There are at least two accounts of the affair, one written by Hallowell himself addressed to General Gage and one by an anonymous eyewitness, published in a British newspaper. According to the eyewitness' account, Hallowell confronted Graves on the street, demanding to know why the latter had not replied to his letters. From there, the situation escalated fairly quickly. Despite being a good deal older than Hallowell, Graves apparently beat Hallowell so badly, bystanders interceded to separate the two men in order to prevent any more serious harm from being done. This episode supported Graves' image as "somewhat severe, of few words, and rough in his manner", inspired satirical poetry and brought him into further disrepute as some of his nephews took it upon themselves to punish Hallowell for having assailed their uncle by subjecting him to a beating and challenging him to a duel.

On 27 January 1776, Molyneux Shuldham succeeded Graves as commander-in-chief of the North American station. Graves returned to England without a command. In September 1777 he declined command of Plymouth, but indicated a desire to return to active duty. Graves advanced to admiral of the blue on 29 January 1778, admiral of the white on 8 April 1782, and died at his estate near Hembury Fort, Honiton, Devon on 8 March 1787. He is buried in Dunkeswell in Devon with a monument designed by "Miss Burgess" and sculpted by John Bacon.

Family
Graves settled at Hembury Fort House in Devon. His first marriage was to Elizabeth Sedgwick (1729–1767), daughter of John Sedgwick of Staindrop in County Durham on 19 June 1750 in the parish of St. George, Hanover Square.

Two years after Elizabeth's death in 1767, he married Margaret Spinckes (1728-1808) in All Saints' Church in Aldwincle, Northamptonshire on 14 June 1769.

Both marriages remained childless. Through his second wife however, he became involved in raising the latter's orphaned niece Elizabeth Posthuma Gwillim, who became like his own daughter to him. Graves showed particular interest in two of his nephews, Richard (his godson) and Thomas Graves. He also played an influential part in the life of another godson, John Graves Simcoe. When Simcoe, who had fought in the American War of Independence, was invalided back to England on account of his precarious health, Graves offered his godson to convalesce at Hembury Fort House for a while where he met Graves' ward Elizabeth Posthuma Gwillim. The young couple married on 30 December 1782 in St. Mary and St. Giles Church, Buckerell with Samuel and Margaret Graves (godfather to the groom and godmother to the bride respectively) as witnesses.

A monument sculpted by John Bacon but designed by a "Miss Burgess" was erected in Buckerell in his memory. "Miss Burgess" was most likely Mary Anne Burges, best friend to Samuel Graves' ward Elizabeth Posthuma Gwillim, who was close with her friends' aunt and uncle through being a frequent visitor to Hembury Fort House. The epitaph inscribed on the aforementioned monument also refers to Graves' charitable efforts, which awarded him the local epithet "The Poor Man's Friend".

title: Samuel Graves


text: Category:Departments of Bolivia

title: Category:Departments of Bolivia


text:
Wikipedia:Help desk/Archive 5

Improving search results
I've been working on the page for "Spotted Skunks" and thought the page should also show up when searching for "Spotted Skunk." Similar problem if searching for "skunks" rather than "skunk."

Is there a correct way to fix this?

Thanks.

--Sperch 04:30, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi Sperch. First of all, according to Naming conventions the article belongs at the singular, that is, Spotted skunk.  The plural should redirect to the singular.  Redirects are a very good way of addressing exactly the issue you mention. moink 17:13, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Edit link on Template:The Beatles
Hey guys- I think that the "edit" link on this template is non-standard, is unnecessary, and frankly looks kinda weird, but a previous author wants to keep it. How can this be resolved? Is this edit link at all standard? If so, it should be placed on all of the other links at Template_messages. - DropDeadGorgias (talk) 14:23, Jul 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * I am in favor of an edit link on many or perhaps even all templates. The whole principle of a wiki is that you can edit the page; this should include the template part. It is more convenient this way, and otherwise newbies would not even know how to do it.

 * On a very small one like, giving ā, it is perhaps not practicle: if unlabeled, like A with edit link, it would be confused with a link to a page that explains the character. Besides, it puts too much emphasis on it, and may underline it.--Patrick 12:01, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * It is beginning to be standard, see, and there are others not using Template:Ed.

 * However, I would put it at the bottom right, that seems more standard.--Patrick 23:03, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Undoing someone's change by accident
A few days ago, I made an edit to the Religious Music category, moving it from World Music to Music proper. Today, I checked the history and it turns out that it'd only been moved into World Music a few days earlier.

Is there some etiquette about undoing someone's change, assuming it wasn't a deliberately destructive edit? Do we have to battle it out in a duel?

Strib 14:26, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Dueling is discouraged. :-) Messy, you know, and not productive. If you follow the link to the article's discussion page (it'll be named Category talk:Religious Music in this case; in other cases, you'll find article discussion pages at Talk:The Article's Name), you can discuss the issue there -- most of these disagreements are fairly easily solved.  Some people do get grouchy, of course, when you undo an edit of theirs -- try to stay calm and friendly, and if necessary, follow the advice at Staying cool when the editing gets hot.  Invite editors you know and trust to look at the edits you're making and solicit their opinions -- hopefully they can give good advice, and offer a useful third perspective, which often helps people reach a satisfactory conclusion.  Good luck. Jwrosenzweig 19:51, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Claiming an update
I made an update to a page before I created an account. Now that I can an account, can I 'claim' that update? What I mean is, can I change it from being contributed by my IP to being contributed by my username?

 * See Changing attribution for an edit. Ambarish | Talk 21:37, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Can't access "What the Bleep Do we Know?!"
I'm having difficulties accessing the article on What the Bleep Do We Know?!, presumably due to the unique punctuation at the end. It comes up in a search for ramtha and has a size of 4203 bytes, so there's got to be -something- there.

 * That's a little bizarre. I guess for some reason the last two characters are being stripped off before the page is accessed, so instead of going to What the Bleep Do We Know?!, you instead go to What the Bleep Do We Know. With a little URL trickery you can bypass the bug though, hence What the Bleep Do We Know?!.  Most odd. - 11:22, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC) Lee  (talk)

Requesting old versions by date/time
Is there a way to request old versions of a page by date/time, without going through the history page, and without knowing the numeric value of "oldid"? Is there a query that allows a parameter like "oldtime=yyyymmdd.hhmmss"?

For example, suppose I want a copy of the [[Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion_archive_May_2004] page as it existed at 00:00 UTC on 2003-07-02. I could get http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion_archive_May_2004&oldid=1379136, but how would I learn the correct value of "oldid=1379136"?

I could go through the history page at http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion_archive_May_2004&action=history, but it's very difficult to use the history page to go so far back in the past on a page that has thousands of history entries. I could use a query like http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia:Votes+for+deletion+archive+May+2004&limit=50&offset=30000&action=history, but how would I guess that "offset=30000" is an appropriate value?

Also, history queries that use large "offset" values take a very long time, or simply fail. If I change "offset=30000" to "offset=31000" in the above query then it takes longer than 15 minutes and eventually returns a page that reports some kind of internal server error (I didn't write down the details).

--AlanBarrett 12:04, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Chemical structure diagrams
Which programs have been used to make the chemical structure diagrams on Wikipedia? --Eequor 15:38, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

The basic version of chemlab is free. Alteripse 00:26, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I have used PPCHTeX with Latex, to create ones like nicotine. There might be better methods, though. [[User:Sverdrup|❝Sverdrup❞ ]] 11:54, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

old phonograph records
How do I find out the value of some old phonograph records I have some records the have the DECCA on the label? (please answer me at kaybritt@hiwaay.net)

How do you make a category?
How do you make a category? Please give me better help i'm only a second grader. --Patricknoddy 21:26, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)User:Patricknoddy User talk:Patricknoddy 17:35 July 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * Hey Patrick- You can create a category simply by editing any article and adding the tag (replace NAME OF CATEGORY with your category name) and saving that article.  Now, the category will show up at the bottom of the page you just edited as a red link.  You can then click on that link to edit the category and put in a description.  Hope this helps, you can ask me further questions on my talk page if you need anything clarified. - DropDeadGorgias (talk) 18:18, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)
 * You should also give the new category page you have made a category of its own. gracefool 07:02, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Can I link to a printable version of a page without being logged in?
I think this was possible a short while ago by linking to e.g. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Financial_instruments&printable=yes Now it seems that ths only works if I am logged in.

User talk:Mervynl

I've forgot both my username and password! Can somebody help? Thank you.

 * Your best bet is probably just to create a new account. No worries. Best, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 15:32, 2004 Jul 21 (UTC)

 * Is it TomS by any chance? The IP address who posted this also added a comment signed that on Talk:Karantania.  Obviously, I can't tell you what your password is, but if you filled in an e-mail address when you first logged in, you can have a new password sent to you. - 16:01, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC) Lee  (talk)

Thank you guys, I've fixed the problem!! :-) : TomS 14:49, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

How do you make your own skin?
I notice that that in the prefrences there's something called 'MySkin', I'm guessing this is for constructing your own skin. If this is possible could someone explain how, or direct me to the Wikipedia page that shows you how.

I'm sorry if this has been asked before or if the answer is evident.

--Aaron Einstein 17:55, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * I read the source code and found that '/standard.css' from the user page is being '@import'-ed. Try editing User:Aaron Einstein/standard.css. Knowledge of CSS required. Rajasekaran Deepak 10:31, 2004 Jul 25 (UTC)

 * Comprehensive information is at User styles. Rajasekaran Deepak 10:44, 2004 Jul 25 (UTC)

How do I report a user that's been making bad edits?
67.52.70.242 has been making inappropriate comments on various pages and even changed the caption on a picture of Stephen Hawking to say "Playing with himself in Star Trek: TNG"...how would I go about reporting such a user?

 * The best place in the future is Vandalism in progress. And of course you can revert him yourself as well; see How to revert a page. HTH, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 23:17, 2004 Jul 22 (UTC)

Reporting problems with Special Pages
Hi,

How do I leave comments about semipermanently protected pages, or report problems with them? I have some questions about http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Special:Userlogin , but there isn't a "Discussion" link or an "Edit this page" link or anything.
 * This isn't really a "semipermanently protected page". If you have an issue, you would propbably need to bring it up at Meta or even SourceForge depending on what the issue is. Rmhermen 04:53, Jul 30, 2004 (UTC)

Sarajevo Satellite Image
I'm wondering whether Image:SarajevoSatelite.JPG is alright by wikipedia standards. I did a google search on "Russian Satellite Sarajevo", and found the link: http://www.llnl.gov/csts/publications/gupta/pd.html

On that page under Russia it said: "Although images have reached the public domain, requests for lists of available images and image orders have been denied, delayed, and canceled in the name of national secrecy."

So it says Russian satelite images had reached the public domain but lists of available images weren't available. On a footnote for that part it said:

"The author's attempts to obtain KVR-1000 images of the nuclear facilities near Yongbyon in North Korea, the city of Sarajevo, and the Chinese nuclear test site near Lop Nor all failed on the grounds of national secrecy. Bureaucracy also hampered the process. For an anecdotal account of the search for KVR-1000 data, see Vipin Gupta and Philip McNab, "Sleuthing From Home," The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 49, No. 10 (December 1993), pp. 44-47."

So the city of sarajevo failed. But this was in 1993. I found the picture on a message board, posted by a Russian user. Since he had the picture in his posession and was posting it freely I'm assuming that it's reached public domain now. I've sent him a message asking where he got the image or what satelite/program it's from today... he hasn't responded but it's about 5 in the morning in West Russia right now. Would it be o.k. by wikipedia standards to post the image on the Sarajevo page? Maybe a Russian user could help, expecially once I learn from what sateltie/program the picture was obtained. Asim Led 01:06, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Assuming that something posted on a message board is public domain is not a safe thing to do. -- Cyrius|✎ 06:25, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I get the image of MiGs attacking a Wikipedian over a copyright dispute. Isn't Russian copyright law somewhat infamous in its weakness, anyway?  --Eequor 19:39, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * We should be able to get a copyright-free U.S. government picture to replace it if it is a concern. Rmhermen 04:42, Jul 30, 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia editor keystrokes
Hi,

I was trying to use my browser's search function while I was editing an article, by hitting "Control+F" (I'm using Mozilla Firefox). However, that just moved the cursor forward in the edit box. I clicked on "Editing Help", to try to find a list of key commands in the Edit Mode, but I couldn't find any. Is there a list somewhere? Is there a way to search the text currently in the edit box, or another easy way to "find my place" when I'm trying to correct a typo in the middle of an article?

Thanks.

Creidieki 02:52, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * This is an issue with Firefox, not Wikipedia. Ask in http://forums.mozillazine.org/index.php?c=4 . Rajasekaran Deepak 10:51, 2004 Jul 25 (UTC)

Forgotten summary fields
I recently edited a page, and forgot to fill in the summary field. I think that the change I made could be considered controversial (I added a note about Jerusalem and Tel Aviv to the List of multiple capitals), so I really wanted to include a summary field. What should you do after you've accidentally saved a page with no summary, and the change was substantive? Creidieki 03:46, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * You could make a note of it on the article's talk page, if you like. -- Cyrius|✎ 06:25, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * You could re-save and fill in the summary field this time. Salasks 02:39, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)

Adding material about equipment used in an activity
I've contributed to Everything2 in the past, and am considering changing my focus to Wikipedia since the bent is more factual here. There is an article here about hang gliding, and I have a somewhat extensive e2 write up about hang glider types and construction, etc. that I'd like to put here. What's the best way to go about it? Add a subsection or create a separate topic?

 * Answered on your talk page. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 14:41, 2004 Jul 23 (UTC)

Interlanguage Image Links
I'm trying to link from Kurdish Wikipedia into this article in English Wikipedia. Is there any way I can do so without actually cutting the image across? I've tried and  and neither of them work!

 * You mean ku:Image:Abdullah öcalan.jpg. You can link, as you see, but not embed, but conversely (image here, embed there) is possible. See .--Patrick 12:15, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I understand disabling the embedding function for non-wikipedia links from a high-bandwidth use site like English wikipedia - but I don't see the logic for links between the various wikipediae!

 * I agree. The software could check for a given URL whether it is in domain wikipedia.org (perhaps some more, like wikimedia.org, wikibooks.org, etc.), and if it is, allow embedding. That does not look very difficult to program (but we may overlook some difficulties?).--Patrick 22:38, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Oh and, sorry, forgot to sign my post above! Gerry Lynch 14:03, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Hiding sections
Is there a way to prevent sections appearing in the table of contents? Invisible section headers can be useful, as they provide an [edit] link without cluttering the article, but at the expense of cluttering the table of contents.

For example, this section can be edited separately from the preceding text. --Eequor 19:24, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * A side note: this section's name is invalid as the name of an internal link, so the table of contents links to it incorrectly. --Eequor 19:29, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Discussion page feature
When I click on "Discussion" and there has been none, I get a message: "Wikipedia does not yet have a page called ......" There is in fact a page by that name, it is the Discussion page that does exist. To eliminate confusion for new users I would like to suggest reprogramming this feature to read" "Wikipedia does not yet have a discussion page named ..... You can start one here"

A History of Wikipedia
I would like to see a webpage on your site dedicated more to your history. Is this in the making? I posted an entry on Prince Buu Chanh of Vietnam and discovered tons of other information which have proven very helpful. Great job! I am sure people would like to see more about the history of the site and biographical sketchs concerning the authors of Wikipedia.

Dr. C. E. Magnus Lindgren American Military University

 * There's a short history at History of Wikipedia. -- Cyrius|✎ 05:14, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * You can find lots that's been written about us in Press coverage. As for biographical sketches, many Wikipedians (as we call ourselves) maintain a user page.  Some user pages have biographical info, some don't, but all will give you insight into the types of people we have here.  You can also find out a lot about us by poking around in project pages, which are the "backstage" of Wikipedia. Isomorphic 05:53, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I accidentally deleted some stuff...help...
This was my first time using the encyclopedia, and we have been discussing the Mitochondrial Eve theory in class, so I decided I wanted to add in a line or two of my own. However, when I went to edit it and hit preview it looked fine, but when I hit save page, the picture and almost all of the credits are gone! So i go to history, and i see my IP address as the last change, and now I don't know what to do!! Is there a way to revert it back to the way it was, or will a server administrator do that??? Woops....oh, yeah, the article is about Mitochondrial Eve if you didn't pick it up before! Sorry!!!

 * Don't worry. Someone has fixed your error.  If it happens again, all you need to do is click the "Page history" link at the top of the broken page.  You will see a list of edits, the last of which (at the top) will be yours.  Click on the line below this to open the last good version of the page.  Then click "Edit this page", and save it again without making any changes.  You have now restored the page.

 * Don't let this experience put you off. Your contributions are welcome, even if you mess up occasionally (as we all do). -- Heron 21:17, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

using content in a discussion forum
I run a UK Discussion forum/online community. Within my forum I have subforums for each and every city/town in the UK. The forum is designed to be an interactive resource for the UK. However, I am in need of basic content to kick start these regional boards.

My question is: Can I use the content available here in my forum by posting it? If I can, what steps do I need to take?

Thanks

 * The content of Wikipedia is available under the GNU free documentation license (GFDL), meaning anybody can use it in any way (s)he wishes, as long as the result is also available under the GFDL. So, basic answer is: Yes, go ahead and use the content, as long as you don't claim copyright on the text, even if you change/modify the text. Additionally, we would be pleased if you could link to Wikipedia and credit us as a source. So add someting like "This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from Wikipedia. " with links to GFDL and Wikipedia. Finally: Images are not always released under the GFDL, but may be other licenses that do or do not allow copying. Please check on the image page for the license. A complete discussion can be found on Copyrights, section "Users' rights and obligations". Hope this answers your question -- Chris 73 | Talk 02:36, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Disambiguation question
Hey all,

I noticed that a few pages relating to design patterns link to the disambiguation page Gang of Four. I was planning to create a new page for "Gang of Four (computer science)", but it occurred to me that the content of this page would be very limited (two or three sentences: "the GoF consists of a, b, c, and d. See x for more information on design patterns." -- that kind of thing).

Given that, is it still worth creating a page for this usage of "Gang of Four" and updating the relevant links to no longer point to the disamb page?

My feeling is that it's still worth doing, but I'm fairly new to WP, so I wanted to check with you folks first.

Thanks!

-- Neilc 09:26, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Personally, I think that the gang of four are significant enough to have their own page. Their influence extends beyond the one book, and the stub could be fleshed out further. - DropDeadGorgias (talk) 18:31, Jul 28, 2004 (UTC)

Print stylesheet
Could you provide a print stylesheet (CSS) for Wikipedia? Rajasekaran Deepak 09:49, 2004 Jul 25 (UTC)

 * Found the print stylesheet being included for print media. Rajasekaran Deepak 10:35, 2004 Jul 25 (UTC)

Advertising material
Could you provide advertising material for Wikipedia as a webpage or as printable material? Rajasekaran Deepak 09:59, 2004 Jul 25 (UTC)

 * I could not find anything suitable from the Building Wikipedia membership page. Rajasekaran Deepak 10:10, 2004 Jul 25 (UTC)

Can someone fix copy and paste on Battle of Klendathu?
Can someone either delete the page Battle of Klendathu (that I created) so I can revert and move Battle of Klendatheu, or fix the copy/paste I did without thinking? Thanks! - Kenwarren 16:28, Jul 25, 2004 (UTC)

 * Fixed. -- Cyrius|✎ 17:51, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

How close is too close (re:copyvio)?
How much does a text have to be reworked to not be considered copyvio? The text of a new article Guido Borelli by an anon is extremely close to the text found at two different web sites: and. It isn't an exact copy of the other text, but it is too close for my comfort. Anyone? SWAdair | Talk 10:18, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * True indeed! But as it happens to be his life and his biography written by Guido himself, I'm afraid it would be rather difficult to be too different, don't you agree? ;-) In any case, I've tried to change the text a bit and for sure Guido wouldn't raise any problems on the copyright of his biography! You can ask Guido directly.--E-worker 13:17, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Disambiguation page instead of existing page.
Hi. I've read through some help pages and just want to know if I'm getting things right.

There is a page Play_(Album) which refers to Moby's album. However, there is also an album by Bobby McFerrin and Chick Corea of the same name. Now, I want to rename the original page to Play_(Moby_album). Then I guess I should copy the old, Play_(Album), page's history to the new pages talk and manually change all links the original page, before I create a disambiguation page instead of the redirect. Of course, there will be a new page Play_(Bobby_McFerrin_Chick_Corea_album).

Is there anything else that needs to be done - an easier way to do this?

--doerfler 10:49, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes. All you have to do is click "move page", as long as you're logged in; it should be either to the side of the screen, or on top. This will automatically move the history from Play (album) to Play (Moby album), leaving a redirect. You can then click on that redirect and make it into a disambig. The links to it do need to be changed by hand however. Hope that helps. Best wishes, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 14:04, 2004 Jul 26 (UTC)

Honorifics
This is probably buried in the Manual of Style somewhere, but I thought I'd see if anyone had a clue first - what's the policy on honorifics? Is it inappropriate to call someone "Sheikh" or to refer, e.g., to Gandhi as "Gandhiji", or call a king His Royal Highness, etc.? Graft 22:09, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

CalRis 10:26, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC): Hello, Graft: The subject matter is a tad too complex to give a simple answer. But there is a HowTo dealing with monarchical titles which should be appropriate. Have a look at Naming_conventions_%28names_and_titles%29. Bye, CalRis.

Category issue
So, although not a new user, I am playing with Categories for the first time (damn work taking up all my time!). As such, I decided to start with the Ballet sections, as they are terrible articles with little to no categorization. I have been moving articles around, and wound up creating a sub category Category:Ballet Companies to put all the various listed companies in. Several articles were already in Category:Ballet so I changed the links in moved them over to ballet companies. Unfortunetly, although they show up on Category:Ballet Companies, they also still show up on Category:Ballet, and I cannot figure out why. One example of this is the article Royal_Winnipeg_Ballet. Any ideas? Lyellin 08:41, Jul 27, 2004 (UTC)

 * Your change has already taken effect. So you only see a caching problem. Try to reload the Category:Ballet again. Pjacobi 10:32, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * That was my assumption yesterday... although I did try clearing cookies/TIFs/Etc, and restarting, I still saw it. After coming back from lunch today, the change is there, so I will assume something about my network was what was causing the caching issue. Thanks for the confirmation :-) Lyellin 11:17, Jul 27, 2004 (UTC)

article
how to send article

How to use Unicode-characters
CalRis 10:20, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC): I want to use the unicode-character 0186 (an inverted C). Is it possible to do so in Wikipedia? Thanks in advance for any help. CalRis.

 * Yes, you can use the HTML syntax "&#x0186;", like this: Ɔ. However, not every user has this character in their standard font.  I had to switch from Times New Roman to Arial Unicode to see it. -- Heron 10:28, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Messages on special pages
What means "# Feed:  rss atom" at the special pages?

Pèrez 20:20, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * See RSS (protocol) and also Atom (standard). As I understand it, this allows you to watch the recent changes on a special software as soon as they happen. (sort of the running text with info about the stock market at the bottom of some news shows). Never done it myself, though (yet). -- Chris 73 | Talk 05:46, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Uploading trouble
I'm having trouble uploading an image. Every time I try, I simply get "page not found". I think it might be something to do with my firewall at work. Any chance someone could do it for me? It's the public domain image at, which should replace the existing image on Palm Sunday Tornado Outbreak (the same picture, but very low res). Cheers! --   ALargeElk | Talk 09:00, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Done. Salasks 02:58, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)

CD or DVD release?
Hello

I'm just wondering if you guys plan on releasing Wikipedia on CD or DVD, I'm sure thousands of people would buy or download copies. I'm surprised this is not in the FAQ.

Also, what about wikipedia for use in schools, though I'm sure censorship (or even flagging articles as having adult content) is a debate sparking topic. Here in the UK I doubt there would be any problem with adult content reaching kids that are over 15 years old. I'll happily copy hundreds of wikipedia CDs and send them to each school, college and university in the UK, not only in the name of educating the children of my country, but also to bring the knowledge of teachers to the wiki. The majority of teachers love teaching, which is not much different from writing public texts on their favourite subjects. Science, photography and art students could provide much needed GPL'd pictures. But it has downsides, like vandalism.

Any thoughts on this?

Bitplane

 * We're actually looking at both a CD release (I believe, though it might be DVD) as well as a paper edition. Needless to say, this will entail a significant change from current procedure; see User:Jimbo Wales/Pushing To 1.0 for a quick summary, or sign up for Mailing lists. Best wishes, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 13:57, 2004 Jul 28 (UTC)

 * P.S. You can sign your name on talk pages with 4 tildes, like this: ~

 * Thanks for the quick reply :-)
 * I didn't even think about the legal problems with selling the wiki, thanks for the info. I don't agree with the idea of a paper version though, Wikipedia's strength is that it can be massive with many many cross linking pages. The youth of today know the power of search engines and hyperlinks, paper indecies are laughable already, and won't even be funny in five years time.
 * Thanks again Bitplane 15:19, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * No problem. The reason to do a paper version is to achieve greater penetration. Jimbo's goal, AFAICT, is to distribute this paper version to schools in the third world, free of charge; it's a charitable thing. Best wishes, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 15:29, 2004 Jul 28 (UTC)

international characters (in particular, phonetic ones)
Does Wikipedia have a means of downloading character sets used on its pages? I work on an English-language system, always at one of dozens of computers at a commercial internet cafe chain in the UK (easyInternetcafe), so there's no way for me to retain character sets from session to session. Certain sets generally come up (most Cyrillic, most Thai, etc), but most aggravating (as I am studying linguistics) is that no phonetic characters (like from IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet)) display properly in any of the language information sections. Most are displayed as a series of little boxes. Have I missed a section on Wikipedia to download these characters, or does one not exist? Please help!

 * Only bad news from me: AFAIK all methods of embedding fonts into the documents are very broken, very browser specific and very out of fashion (except for some sad cases, where they are considered the only option). For these reasons (AFAIK again) this was never an option for Wikipedia. So installing the necessary fonts in the system used is the only option left, which will give you some trouble at an internet cafe. (If installing fonts is O.K., you should take a look at SIL's font page). Strangely enough, sometimes IE won't use IPA fonts, even when they are installed and even when other browsers use them all fine.
 * If you aren't disturbed by some german, have a look at these recent browserbrowser check results using test pages in ISO-8859-1 and UTF-8.
 * Pjacobi 18:34, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

User subpage?
What is a user subpage, and how do you create it?

 * You go to your user page (that's User:YOUR USER NAME ) and edit the page to create a subpage. For example, to create one called "Foo", it might look like this:

 * My views on Wikipedia policy are best laid out in this subpage, /foo

 * Then, to link to it from external pages, type User:YOUR USER NAME/foo.

 * HTH. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 17:50, 2004 Jul 28 (UTC)

 * P.S. In the future, would you mind signing your edits on discussion pages like this one? To do so, you can type four tildes, like this: ~ . Thanks.

Big Problem With Categories
Sorry to bother you, but right now, whenever I access any categories they do not display their links. There is usually a blank screen between the title and the catergory's category links. Its possible this is just me, but it happens on all categories and is quite worrying. There doesn;t seem to be any mass vandalism, either. Could you check it out?

(Someone's just confirmed that it is not just me).

-Erolos 18:23, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * All categories I found that were broken have been fixed, and I can't find any new ones. However, there are so many that there may well be more out there and I'm not going to be able to find them all. So assistance is welcomed/needed. Also, if they really are all fixed, could Tech support give me a confirmation?

 * Ones that have been fixed since I mentioned them = (Category:Films by year), (Category:Celebrities), (Category:Feminists), (Category:Ballet), (Category:Antenna teminology), (Category:Clear Channel radio stations), (Category:Clear Channel Communications), (Category:Mosques), (Category:Sportspeople), (Category: Fictional Jews), (Category:Fictional gays and lesbians), (Category:Islamic mythology), (Category:Christian music), (Category:Aliens), (Category:English athletes), (Category:Environmental law), (Category:English actors), and (Category:Campaign settings). -Erolos 12:57, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Also Category:Ballet Lyellin 12:23, Jul 29, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks Lyellin. Added to the ever-increasing list. -Erolos 12:32, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Yeah- I noticed that categories are all messed up, too. what's the deal?? Kzzl

Wikipedia search
I did a search (right) for Oldest Person and was told no such entry exists above entries giving details of the oldest persons!

 * Oldest Person now redirects to Supercentenarian. --LumenSimus 19:01, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Miura Aika
You have an article on Kawashima Azumi. Why don't you have an article on Miura Aika. For me, Miura Aika is as well-known as Kawashima Azumi, if we do not want to say thay Miura Aika is more popular than Kawashima Azumi.

Thank you for your attention and your prompt reply.

Hoang Pha

 * Good idea. If you known about Miura Aika, please write a paragraph or two about her. Thanks -- Chris 73 | Talk 22:33, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

How do I delete an article from a category?
I mistakenly added a category entry to an article I'm in the process of writing on a sub page of my user page, which I have subsequently deleted. But when I look at the category page my user sub page is still listed in the category. How do I delete it from the category Paul August 05:16, Jul 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * I checked and didn't see the problem. Is it a cache issue? Rmhermen 04:29, Jul 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes when I cleared my cache, the categories looked correct. Thanks. Paul August 14:29, Jul 30, 2004 (UTC)

Specify css in referring URL
I would like to provide links to the printable versions of pages (this used to be possible with the old style sheet with printable='yes' in the URL). Is there a way to do this? E.g. by specifying the stylesheet in the URL. I want to create such links for non-logged in users as part of an eLearning package that point to pages without navigation sidebars etc. --Mervynl 15:51, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

RSS of "In the news" and "Did you know"
I would love to get a daily rss feed of the opening page "in the news" and "did you know" segments. would this be easy enough to implement?

Uploading a video
I have a video of historic interest (The first gastrointestinal endoscopy) How do I upload it and reference it? Steve Kd4ttc 01:40, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Would it be better suited at Wikisource rather than Wikipedia? If it is less than 5MB, you can upload it using Wikisource:Special:Upload. Angela. 02:39, Jul 30, 2004 (UTC)

 * I think it would be useful here, on our article on the procedure. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 04:46, 2004 Jul 30 (UTC)

 * I wouldn't mind having it moved around after upload. Wikisource said it was for source texts. Video don't fit that unless the mandate for Wikisource was stretched.  Is there an upload protocol for Video on Wikipedia?  Kd4ttc 21:50, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Tables
I got this table to not extend several pages sideways but there is still something wrong with it. Template:Wickes class destroyer Do we have any in-depth help page for tables? What is wrong with this one. Rmhermen 04:06, Jul 30, 2004 (UTC)

 * For starters, you're using incorrect table syntax. || is used to separate cells. -- Cyrius|✎ 04:31, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I didn't create the table. But I have seen others using | that worked such as Template:USpresidents. Rmhermen 05:12, Jul 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * Jinian, the tables creator, fixed it. It appears a single missing | after a center was the whole problem. User:Rmhermen 04:11, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Voting
Hi, could you please tell me who gets to vote on requests for adminship and bureaucrat...uh...hood(?)? From looking at the voting pages, I kind of get a general impression that all users get to vote for new admins, but only admins vote for new bureaucrats, is that correct?

Maybe this information is available all over the place, in which case I apologize for bothering you, but I just can't find it. (Perhaps having it at the top of the voting pages themselves might be a good idea?)--Bishonen 10:28, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * raise your eyes, please. :-) Oops. Forgot to write anything in the subject field there, sorry. Could you look just above my headline for my voting question, please? Stupid Bishonen 10:39, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * As far as I know anyone can vote either for admins or bureaucrats. There aren't very many votes to promote new bureaucrats, though, and they tend to be non-controversial.  Isomorphic 04:04, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

minnan not showing up properly in "other languages"
Tropical cyclone has an entry for minnan amongst other langs:

Teiffŵn Orkan Hurrikan Uragano 台風 태풍 Hong-thai Orkaan Huragan Orkan 熱帶氣旋 but it doesn't show up in the right place. Because its not 2-letter??? How is this fixed?

(William M. Connolley 12:34, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC))

Questions for Help
1. Please, What is a troll in the discussions? 2. How about starting a glossary of Wikipedia-specific terms?

 * 1. A troll is a person who makes an offensive or controversial comment that is deliberately intended to provoke an angry reaction from others. The troll might do this for amusement, or to expose what he/she sees as intolerance or oversensitivity in those who reply.
 * 2. Excellent idea, but we already have one. See Glossary. -- Heron 11:16, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Why is the  tag not supported? --Eequor 22:56, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * There was a poll in which majority voters voted against it. See also discussion on that page. - Brona 18:55, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Resizing Pictures
The picture tutorial indicates that I cannot make a picture larger than the origial source and editing confirms this. A few months ago I did this successfully to immages that were a little on the samll size, but I note now the pictures have reverted to their original size. Is this something that has changed in Wikipedia recently? additionally what is the reason for this? Dainamo

 * If it was allowed, people could go around resizing pictures up to tens of thousands of pixels. This kind of resize exits the realm of the merely annoying and enters the one of consuming server resources. -- Cyrius|✎ 17:03, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Abbriviation problems
I made LSL a redirect to Linden Scripting Language without checking what other pages link to it. I cleared the text for now, but I have a feeling there's a better way to correct this type of problem Sgeo 14:56, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

About Tilde
On the welcome message I got in my talk page, it mentioned using '~' but I can't get it to work. What I want is basically the talk thing I see next to some people's names --Sgeo 15:12, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * tildes aren't used the way they are for users' homepages/home directories (like in bash, csh, or apache). Instead, to refer to a user's own page (called their "user page") you link to User:Sgeo or User:Finlay McWalter like that.  The mention of tildes in your welcome message is just a shorthandy way of adding your own signature - three or four tildes expands to your signature. -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 16:32, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Plus sign in internal link
Can anyone please tell me how to make a internal link with a plus (+) on the name of the page referred by the internal link? I have tried to make a link like+this but it won't work. Can anyone please tell me how to link like that? Thanks. 61.94.149.67 17:32, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, due to technical restrictions, plus signs aren't allowed in page names. When it's unavoidable, the generally accepted solution is to spell out the "plus", for example, the page on C++ resides at C Plus Plus.  Adding  (remembering to replace "CorrectTitle") to the top of the page in question will add a standardised notice informing the reader. When linking to the page you should use a piped link to hide the incorrect page title, like this: C++ - 18:05, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC) Lee  (talk)

reclaiming an old, unused user account
When I initially joined Wikipedia, I wanted to use the username "Joy", however, the software told me that it was taken already. Now that I look at it, I see that whoever registered it never made a single edit. Would it be possible for me to ask for this account? One of the administrators could move away the old account and let me have the name. I use the other nickname (almost) everywhere else and it seems a shame for it to go to waste when I could do it justice :) I suppose I wouldn't want to harass anyone to change my existing 8K edits (quite an SQL query that would be!), just letting me have the other account would be nice enough. --Shallot 21:33, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I found Changing username in the meantime, nm. --Shallot 12:16, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Renaming without creating a redirect
The answer to my problem is doubtless presented succinctly somewhere in these pages, but after an hour of looking I still haven't found it, so perhaps someone will take pity on me and help me out.

I want to write an article entitled "Bill of lading". An article of that name already exists; however, it does not in fact deal with the term "bill of lading" (a shipping document) at all, but is instead a definition of the word "bill" meaning a statement of money owed.

Apart from some spelling mistakes the currently misnamed article is perfectly good in its own right, so I do not wish to delete its content, just rename the page.

However, as I understand it, if I do that a redirect page called "Bill of lading" will automatically be created -- so how can I then create my own "Bill of lading" page, the title already having been taken? -- Picapica 22:25, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * If you go to a redirect page, you'll get a little note saying "Redirected from whatever". If you click that link, it'll take you to the page title you were at, where you can edit as normal. Try visiting Help Desk to see what I mean, it's a redirect on the capitalization. -- Cyrius|✎ 22:45, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Many thanks, Cyrius. I've now been able to do what I wanted -- and everything seemed to work very well :-) -- Picapica 23:35, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Help desk/Archive 5


text:
File:Altbeastplay.png

Summary
This is a screenshot from the game Altered Beast. Taken by User:Frecklefoot.

Fair use rationale
This image, Altbeastplay.png, is believed to be covered by fair use laws, because:
 * 1) No free or public domain images have been located for this video game.
 * 2) The image does not limit the copyright owners' rights to distribute the video game in any way.
 * 3) The image is being used for informational purposes only, and its use is not believed to detract from the original video game in any way.
 * 4) The information could not provided without this image.
 * 5) The image is being used purely to illustrate an aspect of the article.

Copyright owned by Sega.

title: File:Altbeastplay.png


text:
General Order No. 11 (1862)

General Order No. 11 was a controversial Union Army order issued by Major-General Ulysses S. Grant on December 17, 1862 during the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War. The order expelled all Jews from Grant's military district, comprising areas of Tennessee, Mississippi, and Kentucky. Grant issued the order in an effort to reduce corruption among Union Army personnel and stop the illicit trade in Southern-produced cotton, which he perceived as being run "mostly by Jews and other unprincipled traders". During the war, the Lincoln administration had authorized licensed traders to do business with the Union Army, which created a market for unlicensed ones. Union Army commanders in the South were responsible for administering the trade licenses and trying to control the black market in Southern cotton, in addition to their regular military duties.

At Holly Springs, Mississippi, the supply depot of Grant's troops, Jews were rounded up and forced to leave the city by foot. On December 20, 1862, three days after Grant's order, Confederate States Army troops led by Major-General Earl Van Dorn raided Holly Springs, preventing the potential expulsion of further Jews. Although delayed by Van Dorn's raid, Grant's order was fully implemented in Paducah, Kentucky, where thirty Jewish families were forcibly expelled from the city. Jewish community leaders protested, and there was an outcry from members of the United States Congress and media outlets to the order; President Abraham Lincoln responded by countermanding it on January 4, 1863. Grant claimed during his 1868 presidential campaign that he had not issued the order due to any antisemitism but as a way to address a problem that "certain Jews had caused". Historians and Grant biographers have generally been critical of the order.

Military operations
On November 2, 1862, Union Major General Ulysses S. Grant, launched an aggressive Civil War campaign to take the Confederate citadel of Vicksburg, Mississippi. On November 13, Grant's cavalry had advanced on and captured Holly Springs, Mississippi, and set up an advanced supply station. On December 1, Grant's cavalry continued to move South, crossed the Tallahatchie River, and captured Oxford, Mississippi. On December 8, Grant informed Henry Halleck, his commanding general, of his military convergence plan to advance on Vicksburg overland, while Union Major General William T. Sherman would advance on Vicksburg from the Mississippi River. The Confederate commander of Vicksburg was General John C. Pemberton, who was stationed at Jackson, Mississippi, that was a distance of 45 miles from Vicksburg. Grant's own Union military advance was made vulnerable to Confederate attack by a 190 mile railroad supply line.

Grant's plan to capture Vicksburg by a joint-venture with Sherman's Army was thwarted by two Confederate raids. On December 10, 1862, breaking from Confederate General Braxton Bragg's Army, Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest began a series of raids that disrupted Union positions. Forrest destroyed Grant's rail and telegraphic communications, and inflicted 1,500 casualties on the Union Army. Grant's northern communications were cut off from Jackson, Tennessee to Columbus, Kentucky. On December 20, Confederate General Earl Van Dorn raided Union supply station at Holly Springs destroying "shops, depots, and warehouses." Grant was defeated, extended into enemy territory, and forced to withdraw to Tennessee, his army foraging the land. On December 29, Sherman's assault on Vicksburg at Chickasaw Bayou was repulsed by Pemberton.

Refugee cotton labor
While Grant prepared to attack Pemberton's Confederate army, his army was flooded by fugitive slaves, considered contrabands by the federal government. In early November, Grant initiated a labor camp system where former refugee slaves would pick cotton, shipped north, to aid the Union War effort. Grant ordered Chaplain John Eaton to take charge of the contrabands. In return the black refugees would be protected by the army and the profits from the sale of cotton would be given to the black workers to "compensate for food, clothing, and shelter." Grant believed the labor camp system would "make the Negro a consciously self-supporting unit...and start him on the way to self-respecting citizenship." In November 1862, the first labor camp was established at Grand Junction. The Lincoln administration authorized Grant's program five days later. In December, Eaton was appointed by Grant to be superintendent of contrabands. African American common-law marriages were legalized. On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, that expanded the war, to end slavery in the rebelling states.

Cotton, illegal trade, smuggling
While Grant's Army marched deeper into the Confederate South, enemy territory, as far as Oxford, Mississippi, northern traders followed, to profiteer in the cotton trade, driven by the North's "consuming need" for the highly sought after product, used to make Union tents. The Union naval blockade forced Southern cotton planters to find alternatives to exporting their product. Extensive cotton trade continued between the North and South. Northern textile mills in New York and New England were dependent on Southern cotton, while Southern plantation owners depended on the trade with the North for their economic survival. The U.S. Government permitted limited trade, licensed by the Treasury and the U.S. Army. Corruption flourished as unlicensed traders bribed Army officers to allow them to buy Southern cotton without a permit. Jewish traders were among those involved in the cotton trade; some merchants had been active in the cotton business for generations in the South; others were more recent immigrants to the North.

Grant received contradictory information from Washington. The Treasury Department wanted to restore trade with the South, while the War Department believed profiteering from the sale of cotton aided the Confederacy and prolonged the war. Traders were allowed permits as long as the traders did not cross into Confederate held territory. Grant found this difficult to enforce, while he tried to stop cotton traders, including Jewish traders, from moving south with his army.

The practice of cotton smuggling infuriated Grant. Criticism of Jewish traders spread throughout the Union Army, although non-Jewish traders' involvement with illicit trade was rampant. Jewish traders were singled out and called "sharks" who fed upon soldiers. As part of his command, Grant was responsible for issuing trade licenses in the Department of Tennessee, an administrative district of the Union Army that comprised the portions of Kentucky and Tennessee west of the Tennessee River, and Union-controlled areas of northern Mississippi. Grant resented having to deal with the distraction of the cotton trade. He perceived it as having endemic corruption: the highly lucrative trade resulted in a system where "every colonel, captain or quartermaster ... [was] in a secret partnership with some operator in cotton." He issued a number of directives aimed at black marketeers.

Escalating hostility
On November 9, 1862, Grant sent an order to Major-General Stephen A. Hurlbut: "Refuse all permits to come south of Jackson for the present. The Israelites especially should be kept out." The following day he instructed Colonel Joseph Dana Webster: "Give orders to all the conductors on the [rail]road that no Jews are to be permitted to travel on the railroad southward from any point. They may go north and be encouraged in it; but they are such an intolerable nuisance that the department must be purged of them." In a letter to General William Tecumseh Sherman, Grant wrote that his policy was occasioned "in consequence of the total disregard and evasion of orders by Jews."

Grant explained his anti-Jewish policy to the War Department. Grant said that Treasury Department regulations were violated: "mostly by Jews and other unprincipled traders". In reference to Jewish traders Grant said: "they come in with their carpet sacks in spite of all that can be done to prevent it. The Jews seem to be a privileged class that can travel anywhere. They will land at any wood yard or landing on the river and make their way through the country. If not permitted to buy cotton themselves they will act as agents for someone else who will be at a military post with a Treasury permit to receive cotton and pay for it in Treasury notes, which the Jew will buy up at an agreed rate, paying gold." Grant proposed that the federal government "to buy all the cotton at a fixed rate and send it to Cairo, St. Louis or some other point to be sold. Then all traders---they are a curse to the Army---might be expelled."

Grant and the cotton trade took on a more personal tone when his father Jesse Grant, and the Mack brothers, Jewish clothing contractors, visited Grant at his Southern base of Oxford. Jesse and Grant got along well with each other for a couple of days. Grant also treated his Jewish guests respectfully. The Mack brothers needed cotton to make Union army uniforms. Jesse Grant had been promised by the Mack brothers to receive a quarter of the profits, after Jesse had gotten his son Grant to bestow permits to buy cotton, and then be shipped to New York. When Grant found out about the business agreement between Jesse and the Mack brothers, Grant was livid. Grant abruptly sent Jesse and the Mack brothers packing north on the next train. Grant may have felt betrayed to find out his own father was involved in the cotton trade that he despised.

At the start of December 1862, Grant focused on Jewish traders as the primary cause of smuggling. On December 5, Grant told Sherman that "in consequence of the total disregard and evasion of orders by the Jews my policy is to exclude them so far as practicable from the Dept." Grant tightened restrictions to try to reduce the illegal trade. On December 8, 1862, he issued General Order No. 2, mandating that "cotton-speculators, Jews and other Vagrants having not honest means of support, except trading upon the miseries of their Country … will leave in twenty-four hours or they will be sent to duty in the trenches." As the days went by, Grant's anger mounted. Grant was not satisfied only with punishing Jewish traders, he desired to expel all Jewish people from his district.

Issue of the order
On December 17, 1862, Grant was angered when he had received complaints by mail concerning Jewish traders in his department. The same hour, Grant issued General Order No. 11, expelling "Jews, as a class" to strengthen his earlier prohibition. Jewish persons who did not obey the order were to be arrested and forcibly removed as prisoners. John Rawlins, Grant's lawyer and Asst. Adjt. Gen., strongly warned Grant not to issue the order. Grant refused to take Rawlin's advice concerning the order and told him: "Well, they can countermand this from Washington if they like, but we will issue it anyhow."

Text
":General Orders No. 11
 * _______
 * Head Quarters 13th Army Corps,
 * Department of the Tennessee,
 * Oxford, Miss. Dec. 17, 1862.
 * Oxford, Miss. Dec. 17, 1862.

 * I.. The Jews, as a class, violating every regulation of trade
 * established by the Treasury Department, and also Department
 * orders, are hereby expelled from the Department.

 * II.. Within twenty-four hours from the receipt of this order
 * by Post Commanders, they will see that all of this class of people
 * be furnished passes and required to leave, and any one re-
 * turning after such notification will be arrested and held in con-
 * finement until an opportunity occurs of sending them out as pris-
 * oners, unless furnished with permit from Head Quarters.

 * III.. No permits will be given these people to visit Head
 * Quarters for the purpose of making personal application for
 * trade permits.

 * By Order of Maj. Genl. U.S. Grant
 * JNO. A. RAWLINS
 * Ass't Adj't Genl."

Letter to Wolcott
In a letter of the same date sent to Christopher Wolcott, the United States Assistant Secretary of War, Grant explained his reasoning: ":To Chistopher P. Wolcott
 * _______
 * Head Quarters, 13th Army Corps.
 * Department of the Tennessee
 * Oxford, Dec. 17th 1862
 * Oxford, Dec. 17th 1862

 * HON. C.P. WOLCOTT
 * ASST. SECTY OF WAR
 * WASHINGTON, D.C.

 * Sir:
 * I have long since believed that in spite of all the vigilance that
 * can be infused into Post Commanders, that the Specie regulations
 * of the Treasury Dept. have been violated, and that mostly by
 * Jews and other unprincipled traders. So well satisfied of this have
 * I been at this that I instructed the Commdg Officer at Columbus to re-
 * fuse all permits to Jews to come south, and frequently have had
 * them expelled from the Dept. But they come in with their Carpet
 * sacks in spite of all that can be done to prevent it. The Jews seem
 * to be a privileged class that can travel any where. They will land
 * at any wood yard or landing on the river and make their way
 * through the country. If not permitted to buy Cotton themselves
 * they will act as agents for someone else who will be at a Military
 * post, with a Treasury permit to receive Cotton and pay for it in
 * Treasury notes which the Jew will buy up at an agreed rate,
 * paying gold.

 * There is but one way that I know of to reach this case. That
 * is for Government to buy all the Cotton at a fixed rate and send
 * it to Cairo, St Louis, or some other point to be sold. Then all
 * traders, they are a curse to the Army, might be expelled.

 * I am, Sir, Very Respectfully
 * Your Obt Servant
 * U.S. Grant
 * Maj Genl."

Enforcement

Immediately after the order was issued, Jews at Holly Springs, Grant's supply depot, were rounded up and forcibly removed. Some Jewish traders were forced to evacuate the area forty miles on foot. Seventy-two hours after Grant's order was issued, Holly Springs was raided by Confederate Major General Earl Van Dorn and his army of 3,500 Confederate troops. Union communication lines were broken for weeks, that resulted in many other Jews being spared from potential removal, and delayed full enforcement of Grant's order.

On December 28, Grant's order was fully enforced at Paducah. Thirty Jewish families, shell-shocked and roughly treated, were ordered to leave Paducah within twenty-four hours. Jewish families in Paducah were forced to collect their personal belongings, shutter their homes and shops, and board a steamer on the Ohio River. One Jewish resident of Paducah, Cesar Kaskel, a Union loyalist and president of the Paducah Union League Club, was summoned to Paducah's provost marshal, L.J. Waddell, and ordered by Waddell to leave the city.

Jewish resistance
A group of Jewish merchants who were expelled from Paducah, Kentucky, led by Cesar Kaskel, sent a telegram to President Abraham Lincoln in which they condemned Grant's General Order No. 11 as "the grossest violation of the Constitution and our rights as good citizens under it". The telegram noted it would "place us ... as outlaws before the world. We respectfully ask your immediate attention to this enormous outrage on all law and humanity ..." Throughout the Union, Jewish groups protested and sent telegrams to the government in Washington, D.C.

Kaskel led a delegation to Washington, D.C., arriving on January 3, 1863. In Washington, he conferred with Jewish Republican Adolphus Solomons and a Cincinnati congressman, John A. Gurley. After meeting with Gurley, he went directly to the White House. Lincoln received the delegation and studied Kaskel's copies of General Order No. 11 and the specific order expelling Kaskel from Paducah. The President told General-in-Chief Henry Wager Halleck to have Grant revoke General Order No. 11, which Halleck did in the following message:

"A paper purporting to be General Orders, No. 11, issued by you December 17, has been presented here. By its terms, it expells [sic] all Jews from your department. If such an order has been issued, it will be immediately revoked."

One Jewish officer, Captain Philip Trounstine, of the Ohio cavalry, stationed in Moscow, Tennessee, resigned in protest, and Captain John C. Kelton, the assistant adjutant-general of the Department of Missouri, wrote to Grant to note his order included all Jews, rather than focusing on "certain obnoxious individuals," and noted that many Jews served in the Union Army. Grant formally rescinded the order, January 17, 1863, within three weeks after Lincoln revoked the order.

Political response
The issue attracted significant attention in Congress and from the press. The Democrats condemned the order as part of what they saw as the US Government's systematic violation of civil liberties. The Democrats moved to censure Grant in the Republican-dominated Senate; the motion failed by a vote of 30–7. Illinois congressman, and Grant supporter, Elihu Washburne, narrowly defeated a motion to censure Grant in the House by 56 votes to 53 votes. Some newspapers supported Grant's action; the Washington Chronicle criticized Jews as "scavengers ... of commerce". Most, however, were strongly opposed, with the New York Times denouncing the order as "humiliating" and a "revival of the spirit of the medieval ages." Its editorial column called for the "utter reprobation" of Grant's order.

One of Halleck's staff officers privately explained to Grant that the problem lay with the excessive scope of the order: "Had the word 'pedlar' been inserted after Jew I do not suppose any exception would have been taken to the order." According to Halleck, Lincoln had "no objection to [his] expelling traitors and Jew peddlers, which I suppose, was the object of your order; but as in terms proscribing an entire religious class, some of whom are fighting in our ranks, the President deemed it necessary to revoke it." The Republican politician Elihu B. Washburne defended Grant in similar terms. Grant's subordinates expressed concern about the order.

On January 6, Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise of Cincinnati, leader of the Reform movement, led a delegation that met with Lincoln to express gratitude for his support. Lincoln said he was surprised that Grant had issued such a command and said, "to condemn a class is, to say the least, to wrong the good with the bad." Lincoln said he drew no distinction between Jew and Gentile and would allow no American to be wronged because of his religious affiliation.

Repudiation of order
After the Civil War, General Order No. 11 became an issue in the presidential election of 1868 in which Grant stood as the Republican candidate. The Democrats raised the order as an issue, with the prominent Democrat and rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise urging fellow Jews to vote against Grant because of his alleged anti-semitism. Grant sought to distance himself from the order, saying "I have no prejudice against sect or race, but want each individual to be judged by his own merit." He repudiated the controversial order, asserting it had been drafted by a subordinate and that he had signed it without reading, in the press of warfare. In September 1868, Grant wrote in reply to Isaac N. Morris, a correspondent:

"I do not pretend to sustain the order. At the time of its publication, I was incensed by a reprimand received from Washington for permitting acts which Jews within my lines were engaged in ... The order was issued and sent without any reflection and without thinking of the Jews as a set or race to themselves, but simply as persons who had successfully ... violated an order. ... I have no prejudice against sect or race, but want each individual to be judged by his own merit."

The episode did not cause much long-term damage to Grant's relationship with the American Jewish community. He won the presidential election, taking the majority of the Jewish vote.

Reconciliation
In his book When General Grant Expelled the Jews (2012) historian Jonathan Sarna maintains that as president Grant became one of the greatest friends of Jews in American history. When he was president, he appointed more Jews to office than any previous president. He condemned atrocities against Jews in Europe, putting human rights on the American diplomatic agenda.

In 1874, President Grant attended a dedication of the Adas Israel Congregation in Washington with all the members of his Cabinet. This was the first time an American President attended a synagogue service. Many historians have taken his action as part of his continuing effort to reconcile with the Jewish community.

Grant has been estimated to have appointed more than fifty Jewish people to federal office including consuls, district attorneys, and deputy postmasters. Grant appointed Jewish citizen Simon Wolf Washington, D.C., recorder of deeds. Grant appointed Jewish citizen Edward S. Salomon territorial governor of Washington, the first time an American Jew occupied a governor's seat. Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise said "Grant has revoked Grant's notorious order No. 11."

Historical views and assessments
Historians have generally been critical of Grant and his General Orders No. 11. Scholars have offered unique perspectives of Grant's controversial order, at a time when the Civil War had taken on a different nature.

In 1951, historian Bertram Korn said Grant's General Order No. 11 order was part of a pattern by Grant. "This was not the first discriminatory order [Grant] had signed ... he was firmly convinced of the Jews' guilt and was eager to use any means of ridding himself of them."

In 1981, historian William S. McFeely said: "Grant was fed up with the cotton speculators and the greedy suppliers of goods to his armies, but rather than attack the entire voracious horde, which included an astonishing number of entrepreneurs---Among them Charles A. Dana and Roscoe Conkling, for example---Grant singled out the Jews. The ancient stereotype of the grasping trader was invoked; once again a frustrated man chose the age-old scapegoat." McFeely mentioned General James H. Wilson who served under Grant. Wilson said Grant's General Order No. 11 was related to Grant's difficulties with his own father, Jesse Root Grant. Wilson recounted, "He [Jesse Grant] was close and greedy. He came down into Tennessee with a Jew trader that he wanted his son to help, and with whom he was going to share the profits. Grant refused to issue a permit and sent the Jew flying, prohibiting Jews from entering the line." Wilson felt that Grant could not deal with the "lot of relatives who were always trying to use him" and perhaps attacked those he saw as their counterpart: opportunistic traders who were Jewish.

In 2001, historian Jean Edward Smith said: "December 1862 was the low point of Grant's Civil War career. In addition to his own and Sherman's aborted attempts to take Vicksburg, on December 17, Grant issued an order that would stain his reputation forever. In one of the most blatant examples of state-sponsored anti-Semitism in American history, Grant expelled all members of the Jewish faith from the Department of the Tennessee."

In 2012, historian H.W. Brands said: "Grant shared the penchant for stereotyping Jews common to the age in America, and he may well have concluded that whatever loss they suffered by being treated as a group was a burden they would have to bear. If the inconvenience of this comparatively small class was the price of winning the war, he was willing to make them pay it. He demanded far more of his soldiers every day."

In 2016, historian Ronald C. White said: "Although non-Jews participated widely in illegal trading, the military newspaper in Corinth called Jews "sharks" feeding upon soldiers." ¶ "In the midst of this growing anti-Jewish feeling, Grant issued General Orders No. 11 on December 17, 1862."

In 2017, historian Ron Chernow said: "Whatever the exact sequence of events, Grant must have felt wounded by the situation, for he had railed at traders only to discover his father in cahoots with them. Grant's infamous order was a self-inflicted wound, issued at a moment of pique and over the objections of Rawlins. Besides pointing to the order's offensive nature, Rawlins predicted it would be countermanded by Washington."

In 2017, historian Charles W. Calhoun said: "The question dated from late 1862, when Grant had issued an order expelling "Jews, as a class," from the area of his command in Mississippi for violating trade restrictions. The ill-advised order reflected his frustrations in trying to control illicit commerce behind the lines, and Lincoln countermanded it as soon as it came to his attention."

In 2018, historian Paul Kahan said: "Offended by the swarm of speculators and traders who profited from the war, Grant issued his infamous General Order No. 11, which included three points, the first of which commanded: "The Jews, as a class violating every regulation of trade established by the Treasury Department and also department orders, are hereby expelled from the Department [of the Tennessee] within twenty-four hours from the receipt of this order."

title: General Order No. 11 (1862)


text:
Fiscal imbalance in Canada

Fiscal imbalance (French, déséquilibre fiscal) is the term used in Canada to describe a monetary imbalance between the Canadian federal government and the provincial governments.

According to the fiscal imbalance theory, the federal government achieved an important surplus by cutting its contributions towards provinces, leaving provinces with responsibilities much too expensive for their resources. The theory was further developed in the "Seguin Report", commissioned by former Parti Québécois (PQ) Premier of Quebec Bernard Landry, and completed under former Liberal Quebec Minister of Finance Yves Séguin. The federal government, run by the Liberal Party of Canada until January 2006, denied that this imbalance exists, arguing, in part, that both the federal and provincial governments have access to the same major sources of revenue and that both orders of government face significant spending pressures and limited resources. However, the Conservative Party of Canada recognizes the imbalance. Following their victory in the 2006 federal election in January, they intended a solution be found during their mandate.

A similar situation arose during the Great Depression in the 1920s when the new welfare state severely burdened the provinces, but the federal government continued to run surpluses. This resulted in the 1937-1941 Rowell-Sirois Commission, whose most important result was the removal of restrictions on how provinces could raise money, and the transfer of the expensive Unemployment Insurance program from the provinces to the federal government.

In the past few years, the major issue of fiscal imbalance has been identified by all parties of the National Assembly of Quebec. The Parti libéral du Québec (PLQ) proposes to work with the federal government to solve the problem by increasing federal transfers to Quebec. Yves Séguin, of the PLQ, proposes transferring control of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), a value-added tax, from the federal government to the Quebec government. The PQ holds that independence for Quebec will solve the imbalance, with all powers to impose taxes being once again the jurisdiction of the Quebec government. The PQ proposes to uphold efforts to convince the federal government to give money back to Quebec until then.

All major federal parties but the Liberals recognize a monetary imbalance between the federal government and the provinces, and speak of plans to reduce such. The Bloc Québécois, a sovereigntist party at the federal level, is the strongest denouncer of the situation. Prime Minister Paul Martin and his federal Liberals prefer to speak of a fiscal "pressure" on provinces, not admitting directly to the responsibility of the Canadian government. In accepting an amendment to the Throne Speech after the 2004 federal election, the federal Liberals officially acknowledged the reality of the situation.

Federal Liberals assert that it is impossible for a true fiscal imbalance to exist, as the provincial governments have access to all the same sources of revenue as the federal government. The problem is not structural, as it was in earlier years, but political. The provincial governments are unwilling to risk their popularity by raising taxes, insisting instead the extra money come from the federal government. The federal Liberals partially blame the situation on the tax cuts introduced by many of the provincial governments.

The potential solution advocated by most of the provincial premiers is that the transfer payments from the federal government to the provinces be substantially increased. This has been occurring gradually as the federal government has regularly been increasing its transfer for health care spending. The Bloc Québécois supports Yves Séguin's suggestion that the GST be given to the provinces. Gordon Campbell, the former premier of British Columbia, has proposed that the federal government take over from the provinces the responsibility for programs that provide pharmaceutical products to low-income people, the elderly and people with disabilities.

title: Fiscal imbalance in Canada


text:
Talk:39 Laetitia

Name
Anyone know why this asteroid was named 'Laetitia'? Two possibilities seem likely:

(1) Latin for 'perfect happiness'

(2) Various female members of the Bonaparte family, including Napoleon I's mother are named Laetitia so it may be named after one of them? (the discover was French).

Any ideas?... The Singing Badger 18:50, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I think that it was named after a Greek or Roman goddes, I'm not really sure...--BorisFromStockdale 15:26, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Found the info actually, see article. The Singing Badger 16:28, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.psi.edu/pds/archive/lc.html
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--JeffGBot (talk) 07:04, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

Dead link 2
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://www.psi.edu/pds/archive/astdata04/simps04/diamalb.tab
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--JeffGBot (talk) 07:04, 19 June 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:39 Laetitia


text:
Josh Joplin Group

Josh Joplin Group was an Atlanta, Georgia-based rock band led by singer-songwriter Josh Joplin. Initially a trio, Joplin hired Geoff Melkonian (bass/viola/vocals) and Jason Buecker (drums/percussion/vocals) to accompany him to play shows together. They simply called themselves Josh Joplin Band. In late 1995 they began pre-production on their first album together. Recorded at Furies Studios with producer Ed Burdell (Magnapop), Projector Head was released, January 6, 1996. Based on local critical success and some airplay on local radio Joplin, Buecker, and Melkonian, began touring vigorously, starting in the south, continuing through the northeast, and beyond.

Boxing Nostalgic was their self produced sophomore effort. It was released April 6, 1997 to a sold-out show at the Cotton Club The album introduced piano to their sound and Allen Broyles who played on the record would join the band that same year. The band continued touring and opening shows for Jump, Little Children, Five-eight, The Innocence Mission, Ben Harper, Nathan Sheppard, Kitty Snyder, among others.

In 1998, having played the Roxy Theatre (Atlanta) opening for Shawn Mullins, the Grammy-nominated songwriter of Lullaby, the band discussed making their third album with their friend and Mullins signed on as the producer hiring Anthony J. Resta to create the beats and programming for it. He would later release the album entitled, Useful Music, on his own SMG label. Shortly after its release, Jason Buecker was replaced on drums by Ani Cordero, then Eric Taylor who drummed for legendary dream pop founders, Seely (on Too Pure Records). Deeds Davis was added to play lead guitar and sing.

The band was managed briefly by Nettwerk Music Group before making a slight name change to Josh Joplin Group when Artemis Records headed by legendary industry moguls Danny Goldberg and Daniel Glass. signed them to their label. They were picked up by Indigo Girls and Matthew Sweet manager, Russell Carter.

The Artemis re-release would feature an alternative version of Joplin's ballad, I've Changed. It was lavishly produced by Peter Collins at Ocean Way Nashville recording studio, with Kenny Aronoff playing drums. A slightly more successful collaboration came when ex-Modern Lover / Talking Head, Jerry Harrison was brought on produce the opening track, Matter and Joplin's new song, Camera One, which hadn't been previously released.

The album came out on January 30, 2001 to strong reviews  and sold over 100,000 records in its first week. Its single, "Camera One," was the first independent release to go number-one at Triple A radio and went to number 22 on the Billboard Top 40 chart in 2001. It won the "Single Of The Year" award by the American Association of Independent Music. Useful Music songs were featured in many of the top rated shows of the time, including Party of Five, Dawson's Creek, Northern Exposure, and Camera One was a feature of an episode of the comedy series Scrubs.

Josh Joplin Group toured America, Mexico, Canada, Australia, and all of Europe. They played shows with countless bands, and artists including Travis, Old 97's, Matthew Sweet, Uncle Green, Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Lifehouse, Pink, Smoke, and had finished performing a German festival in Cologne, when Green Day burned their drums on stage. The band has also appeared on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, Late Show with David Letterman, The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, The Panel (Australian TV series), The Mike Bullard Show, Viva TV (Germany), MTV, VH1.

In June 2002, Josh Joplin began working on demos for songwriter turned producer, Fountains of Wayne's Adam Schlesinger. Schlesinger was tapped to produce the group's sophomore Artemis release. He recorded 12 songs acoustically at Stratosphere Sound, (owned by Schlesinger and James Iha). And although the timing didn't work out for the two to work together, Josh and the group, sans Davis, did end up recording  The Future That Was. with Atlanta producer, Rob Gal and engineers, John Holbrook and Rudyard Lee Cullers   at Stratosphere. On this record, the musical styles were similarly varied, ranging from slow piano- and acoustic guitar-driven pop to upbeat keyboard- and electric guitar-based rock.

The Future That Was received critical acclaim       but it sold poorly and Artemis released dropped the band from their contract. Artemis released two singles from the album, "I Am Not the Only Cowboy" and "Wonder Wheel," but neither one took off. In the fall of 2003, the band announced that it was breaking up and would play its final two shows in Atlanta in December of that year.

Josh Joplin Band

 * Projector Head
 * Release Date: January 6, 1996
 * Label: Self-released
 * Boxing Nostalgic
 * Release Date: April 6, 1997
 * Label: Self-released
 * Useful Music
 * Release Date: May 25, 1999
 * Label: SMG Records

Josh Joplin Group

 * Useful Music
 * Release Date: January 23, 2001
 * Label: Artemis Records, Sony Music (Europe), Epic Records (Australia, South Africa)
 * The Future That Was
 * Release Date: September 24, 2002
 * Label: Artemis Records

title: Josh Joplin Group


text:
Talk:Essex man

Origin
What is the origin of the phrase "Essex Man"? I seem to recall it being coined in a feature article in the Daily Telegraph, possibly in advance of the 1992 election. Not that I read the Torygraph, but it became a buzzword very quickly. --rbrwrˆ 18:52, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I assume it was intended to be a play on terms like Java man and Peking man. —wwoods 02:22, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I have come across the term "Essex lad". Sounds like the same thing. // Liftarn

Essex boy
the term 'essex man' is virtually un-used in modern english slang. The term 'essex boy' is far more common and has a different meaning to what the article suggests. For example the typical 'essex boy' has no interest in politics unlike this article suggests. It also misses out some crucial aspects of the 'essex boy' stereotype. For example the infamous love of fast cars and the 'boy racer' image, also the stereotypical view of being cheeky, being a 'ladies man', excessive drinking and drunken violence. There also needs to be a section explaining that this is an unfortunate stereotype and in most cases is simply an untrue portrayal of a county that currently has the lowest crime rate in the UK.

To conclude: the name of the article must be changed and most of its content. OR a new article must be written under the hedding 'essex boy'. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by User:Jayjay1 (talk • contribs) 10:48, July 22, 2006.
 * The article should be retained as it was definitely used in the media with the meaning ascribed to it here in this article. "Essex boy", I agree, has a separate meaning and they are two different terms, so perhaps a separate article would be best.--Johnbull 13:40, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The Essex boy description in the first comment is typical of underclass people, and I don't think there is much difference between underclass young men in Essex compared to those in other parts of England. Essex varies a great deal, from large towns to countryside and from poor, underclass-dominated council estates to wealthy suburbs. Its crime rate is significantly lower than average, but not the lowest. Dyfed-Powys has the lowest crime rate in the UK. Jim Michael (talk) 00:13, 28 February 2011 (UTC)

Similar to Reagan Democrats?
Is this really the case? "Essex man" these days seems to be mainly a cultural term referring to stereotypes of people from Essex, rather than a political term. (I can't recall hearing the term used much if at all to refer to, say, Andrew Rosindell's electoral successes.) There was talk about the phenomenon in 1992 (Basildon was seen as the symbolic seat in that year's general election) but it felt more like discussing an existing well defined group in society. "Working class Conservatives" seems to be used far more as an equivalent for RDs. Timrollpickering 09:38, 21 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The difference is "working class conservatives" have always existed and have a meaning far beyond the current, whereas the "Essex man" describes a group who experienced social change (owning property, decline of skilled manual labour market) and changed their political allegiance. Andrew Rosindell's appeal has little to do with this effect. He appeals to the far right and is able to absorb votes that would otherwise go to the BNP.

 * I do think the article needs a copyedit to describe the circumstances that caused the effect and its impact. I'll give it a go. MRSC 07:23, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I think they are similar to Reagan Democrats because the RD were white working-class voters who traditionally voted Democrat but switched to Republican because they favoured tax cuts and Reagan's robust foreign policy and felt alienated by the contemporary Democrat party. "Essex man" is used to describe almost exactly the same phenomenon: white working-class traditional Labour voters who switched to Thatcher's Conservative party over tax and council houses and a feeling that Labour had moved to the "loony left". The difference with "working class Conservative" is that previous w/c support was seen by political scientists as being based on deference—that is, that the upper-classes were best fit to govern, whilst "Essex man" has more to do with economic improvement.--Johnbull 19:11, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

What does it mean?
The opening paragraph of this article says:

 * Essex man is a political term and stereotype popular in the United Kingdom. The term came to prominence during the 1990s to explain, in part, the electoral successes of Margaret Thatcher in the previous decade. The term went on to have wider cultural significance and become the subject of parody.

But what does "Essex man" actually mean? Tim Pierce (talk) 15:27, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

Essex man vs Mondeo man
The section on Blair's Sedgefield anecdote doesn't even hint at the much more obvious reason why the car analogy is preferable for a national party political campaign: Sedgefield and Essex are approximately 240 miles apart. To put the shoe on the other foot, does anyone think an Essex resident would care a hoot about a political campaign by Blair centred around "Sedgefield man" or "County Durham man"? 31.185.45.187 (talk) 20:37, 23 October 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Essex man