text:
Constans II (son of Constantine III)

Constans II (died 411) was the son of Western Roman emperor Constantine III, and served as his co-emperor from 409 to 411. Constans was a monk prior to his father being acclaimed emperor by the army in Britain in early 407, an act of rebellion against the ruling emperor Honorius. He was summoned to Gaul, appointed to the position of caesar (heir) and swiftly married so that a dynasty could be founded. In Hispania, Honorius's relatives rose in 408 and expelled Constantine's administration. An army under the generals Constans and Gerontius was sent to deal with this and Constantine's authority was re-established. Honorius acknowledged Constantine as co-emperor in early 409 and Constantine immediately raised Constans to the position of augustus (emperor), theoretically equal in rank to Honorius as well as to Constantine. Later in 409 Gerontius rebelled, proclaimed his client Maximus emperor and incited barbarian groups in Gaul to rise up. Constans was sent to quash the revolt, but was defeated and withdrew to Arles. In 410, Constans was sent to Hispania again. Gerontius had strengthened his army with barbarians and defeated Constans; the latter withdrew north and was defeated again and killed at Vienne early in 411. Gerontius then besieged Constantine in Arles and killed him.

Background

Following the death of the Roman emperor Theodosius I in 395 the Roman Empire was divided between his two sons: seventeen-year-old Arcadius became emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire and ten-year-old Honorius of the Western. Honorius was underage and the leading general Stilicho became hugely influential and the de facto commander-in-chief of the Roman armies in the west. Both the Eastern and Western Empires were suffering from incursions of large groups from Germanic tribes, whom the Romans referred to generically as "barbarians". During this period Roman Britain was suffering raids by the Scoti, Saxons and Picts. In 401 or 402 Stilicho needed military manpower for wars with the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths and so stripped Hadrian's Wall of troops.

Prelude
In 406 the approximately 6,000 troops of the Roman field army based in Roman Britain were dissatisfied. They had not been paid for several years, a large contingent had left to fight on the continent four years earlier and had not returned, the coastal defences had been dismantled to form the new field army and their commander had been replaced. They revolted and determined to choose their own leader. Their first choice was a man named Marcus whom they appointed emperor. After a short period, unhappy with his performance, they killed him and appointed Gratian. He also failed to meet the troops' expectations and was killed after four months. They next chose as their leader a man named after the famed emperor of the early fourth century, Constantine the Great, who had himself risen to power through a military coup in Britain. Flavius Claudius Constantinus was a common soldier and early in 407, possibly February, his fellows acclaimed him as emperor.

Rebellion in Roman Britain was not unusual, a contemporary described it as a "province rich in usurpers". It was on the periphery of the Empire and there was a common view that it was overlooked in terms of resources and patronage. However, such revolts were usually short-lived; Constantine was uncommon in both establishing a lasting power base and in successfully exporting his rebellion to the mainland. Constantine moved quickly: he appointed generals in Gaul and crossed the Channel at Bononia (modern Boulogne). He took with him all of the 6,000 or so mobile troops left in Britain and their commander, the general Gerontius. The Roman Army of Gaul declared for him, followed by the civilian administration in Hispania (modern Spain and Portugal). The central Roman authorities did not respond to the Germanic invasion, while Constantine's forces got the better of at least one confrontation with the Vandals. Constantine also negotiated agreements with the Germanic groupings of the Franks, Alamanni and the Burgundians, thus securing the line of the Rhine. The main Vandal force and their allies moved into northern Gaul (modern Belgium).

The Western Roman emperor, Honorius, and his commander-in-chief Stilicho, were in conflict with the Eastern Roman Empire and had a tenuous alliance with a large force of Visigoths under Alaric. Caught between different threats they sent a small army led by Sarus the Goth west to put down Constantine's revolt while Stilicho's main army waited on events. Sarus defeated one of Constantine's armies in a pitched battle. Constantine then personally moved against Sarus, but was besieged in Valence. Another army, led by Gerontius and Edobichus and largely made up of freshly recruited Franks and Alamanni, arrived to relieve Valence after a week of siege. Sarus was forced to retreat into Italy. With this success Constantine established control over most of Gaul and the Alpine passes into Italy.

Caesar

Little is known of Constans, the eldest son of Constantine, prior to his father being declared emperor. Constantine's oldest son was a monk at the time his father rebelled, but he was summoned to the new imperial court. Constantine appointed him to the position of caesar – a senior, formal position that also recognised him as heir apparent. He was swiftly married so a dynasty could be founded. By May 408 Constantine had captured Arles and made it his capital, taking over the existing imperial administration and officials, and appointing Apollinaris as chief minister (with the title of praetorian prefect). Heros was installed as a pliant archbishop of Arles in spite of local opposition. Constantine commenced minting large quantities of good quality coins at Arles and made a show of being an equal of both the Western and Eastern Emperors.

Early in 408 Constans was sent with Gerontius and an army into Hispania. Hispania was a stronghold of the House of Theodosius, but on Constantine's initial landing on the continent, Honorius's partisans had been either unwilling or militarily unable to oppose his assumption of control. When Sarus seemed on the verge of ending Constantine's revolt, two members of Honorius's family – Didymus and Verinianus – rebelled and overthrew Constantine's regime in Hispania. When Sarus withdrew to Italy the knowledge of the large new army assembling at Ticinum with the intention of shortly engaging Constantine encouraged them to persist and even to attempt to seal the Pyrenean passes. Constantine feared that Honorius's cousins would organise an attack from that direction while troops under Sarus and Stilicho attacked him from Italy in a pincer manoeuvre. He struck first, at Hispania. Constans and Gerontius's army forced a pass and was reinforced. Constans established himself at Saragossa and rebuilt the civilian administration. Gerontius took the army and decisively defeated Honorius's supporters at a battle in Lusitania where Didymus and Verinianus were captured. With Hispania back under Constantine's control Constans left his new wife at Saragossa and returned to Arles to report to his father. Didymus and Verinianus accompanied him and were executed there as civilian rebels.

On 1 May 408 the emperor of the Eastern Empire, Arcadius, died, leaving a seven-year-old heir, Theodosius II. A disagreement arose between Stilicho and Honorius, who each wished to travel to Constantinople – the capital of the Eastern Empire – to represent the Western Empire's interests. Stilicho got his way: he was to leave for the east while Honorius was to remain in Ravenna, the capital of the Western Empire. But a rift between him and Honorius was obvious. The Roman establishment, led by the senior bureaucrat Olympius, worked to oppose Stilicho by spreading rumours that he wished to travel east to depose Theodosius and set his own son, Eucherius, on the throne. On 13 August Honorius was formally reviewing the army about to set out from Ticinum against Constantine. With him were many of the senior officers and officials of the Western Empire. The troops mutinied, slaughtering Stilicho's supporters but respecting the person of the Emperor. Stilicho sought sanctuary, then surrendered and was executed on 22 August.

Co-emperor
The native parts of the Army of Italy, encouraged by Olympius, started slaughtering Goths: the wives and children of their fellow soldiers who were living in Italian cities, sometimes overtly as hostages for their husbands and fathers' good behaviour, were easy targets. Those Goths who could fled north and joined Alaric, greatly increasing his fighting strength. Alaric promptly crossed the Alps and headed south through Italy, devastating the countryside. He camped his army outside Rome and demanded a huge ransom.

Late in 408 Constantine sent an embassy to Ravenna. Needing to placate him, Honorius acknowledged him as co-emperor and sent a purple robe as formal recognition. The pair were joint consuls for 409. At around this time Constantine raised Constans to the position of co-emperor, theoretically equal in rank to Honorius or Theodosius, as well as to Constantine. He took the regnal name of Imperator Caesar Flavius Constans Augustus. Honorius continued to refuse to reach an agreement with Alaric. The Visigoths in retaliation continued to roam across Italy and extort vast sums from the city of Rome. Alaric elevated his own emperor, the senator Priscus Attalus, to no avail. On 24 August 410 the Visigoths entered Rome and pillaged the city for three days.

In spring or summer 409 Constans was sent back to Hispania. Either before Constans left Arles or while he was travelling, Gerontius rebelled and proclaimed his client Maximus emperor. Maximus was an important figure in his own right, but it was clear he was controlled by Gerontius. They set up court at Tarraco (modern Tarragona). Gerontius was concerned that he would not be able to withstand the military force Constans could bring to bear and so attempted to incite the barbarians who had entered Gaul late in 406 against Constantine. These had been quiescent in the north of the territory, but now set off across Gaul for the rich territories of Aquitaine and Narbonensis (modern southern and south-west France). They spread devastation across these areas, much to the horror of the populace. Concentrating on the threat from Constans, Gerontius weakened his garrisons in the Pyrenean passes and in autumn 409 much of the barbarian force entered Hispania. Eventually Gerontius was able to reach a modus operandi with some of these groups whereby they supplied him with military forces, which enabled him to take the offensive against Constans.

Death
Meanwhile, Constans, with an army commanded by a general named Justus, attempted to subdue Gerontius. He failed, although no details are known, and returned to Arles in spring 410. At about the same time Constantine returned from an abortive invasion of Italy. Given the difficulties the Visigoths were creating in Italy, Gerontius was considered a greater threat than Honorius. Edobichus was again sent north to raise troops from the Franks while Constans returned to confront Gerontius with a fresh army. Details are again unclear, but it seems likely that Gerontius was simultaneously advancing on Arles. The two armies clashed and Constans was defeated. He fell back to the north with what was left of his army, hoping to be reinforced by Edobichus. But Gerontius caught him at Vienne, probably early in 411, defeated his army and killed Constans. Gerontius's army then marched on Arles and besieged Constantine.

Aftermath
In 411 Honorius appointed a new general, Flavius Constantius, who took the Army of Italy over the Alps and arrived at Arles while Gerontius was outside the city. Many of Gerontius's troops deserted to Constantius and Gerontius withdrew to Hispania with the remainder. There, in a hopeless position, Gerontius committed suicide. Constantius's army took over the siege. Meanwhile, Edobichus raised troops in northern Gaul amongst the Franks and Alamanni, combined them with those of the Army of Gaul still loyal to Constantine and marched to Constantine's assistance. Constantius defeated this force in an ambush. Constantine, his hopes fading after the troops guarding the Rhine abandoned him to support yet another claimant to the imperial throne, the Gallic Roman Jovinus, surrendered to Constantius along with his surviving son Julian. Despite the promise of his life, and the assumption of clerical office, Constantius had the former soldier and Julian beheaded in either August or September 411. His head was mounted on a pole and presented to Emperor Honorius on 18 September.

Constantius withdrew in the face of Jovinus's forces. In 413 a Visigoth army, now allied with Honorius, suppressed Jovinus's revolt. Constantius took over Stilicho's role as the main power in the Western Empire and generalissimo. He was broadly able to recover the situation for the central authorities and to enable reconstruction. Gaul was pacified, the barbarians in Hispania were in large part subdued, the Visigoths were settled on land in Aquitaine as Roman allies. Roman rule never returned to Britain after Constantine stripped its defences.

Legend
In Geoffrey of Monmouth's popular and imaginative Historia Regum Britanniae Constantine III is also known as Constantine II of Britain and Constans is elected by the Britons as their king after Constantine's death. Hence Constans, through his younger brother Uther Pendragon, becomes an uncle of the legendary King Arthur.

title: Constans II (son of Constantine III)


text:
User talk:1pezguy

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

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Format
Hi; yes, your first edit went through (I got an edit conflict) but I noticed you forgot to remove the "External Web Links" bit from the top of the article, and "External Links" should have been "External links". So since I had the window open already, I went ahead and fixed it. Sorry for the confusion. :) -- Hadal 18:51, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Reverting
Sure - click History, select the date and time link of the version you want to revert to, click edit this page, add your revert message to comments and save. Dealing_with_vandalism is a good page to look at. Good luck! Ocon | Talk 05:29, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Hapa page
That was rather random don't you think, that person who kept blanking that page. Do you know if Hapa can be an offensive word? Maybe they objected to that. Or maybe they were just being annoying. Pikpik 01:18, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

OK thanks, I was wondering. Don't worry about the user page :-) Pikpik 01:39, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Nick Tahou Hots
Hi 1pezGuy.

I understand your desire to vote to delete my entry for Nick Tahou Hots. Please do not. The place is a cultural icon for many people who have lived and worked in Rochester New york, and your immediate dissent amounts to nothing more than censorship. I do not work there, and am not plugging an advertisement. I don't need to. Search Google for "nick tahou" and you will find about a hundred pages. The place is a hole in the wall, and it's bizarre that it could have grown so popular, but it is. Please just leave the entry. Thank you.

Hi 1pezguy,

Sorry about that. Newbie nut-flexing, I guess. Cheers.

Chess sites
You were one of the people reverting the additions of links to chess sites. The user who kept linking to his site has had Wikiquette explained to him. He's promised to be on his "best behavior" and he's now discussing rather than simply re-inserting links. I've started a section on the general question of links to such sites at Talk:Chess. I hope you'll have a moment to add your thoughts. JamesMLane 14:27, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Stargate SG-1
Richard Dean Anderson may not be on the screen on Stargate SG-1, however he will be still involved. He is still a producer, as far as I understand... Jack O'Neil isn't completely walking away. He is going back off from it a bit, in order to spend more time with his family however. -- AllyUnion (talk) 05:09, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Law Firm
Thanks for the improvements. They're already trying to delete this page, so otehr people coming along helps.AFethke 02:26, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

I'm working on it, thanks though!AFethke 02:32, August 26, 2005 (UTC)

AfD: Werribee Plaza
An editor has nominated the article Werribee Plaza for deletion, under the Articles for deletion process. I appreciate your contributions to the article, but the nominator doesn't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and has explained why in the nomination (also see What Wikipedia is not and Deletion policy). Your opinions on why the topic of the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome: participate in the discussion by editing Articles for deletion/Werribee Plaza. Add four tildes like this ˜˜˜˜ to sign your comments. You can also edit the article Werribee Plaza during the discussion, but do not remove the "Articles for Deletion" template (the box at the top of the article), this will not end the deletion debate. TruthbringerToronto 06:08, 24 June 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of James Bovard for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article James Bovard is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/James Bovard until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. MelanieN (talk) 15:31, 26 March 2018 (UTC)

"The Universtiy of Alabama in Huntsville" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect The Universtiy of Alabama in Huntsville. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 May 10 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Regards, SONIC  678  22:59, 10 May 2020 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:1pezguy


text:
Consumer health informatics

Consumer health informatics (CHI) is a sub-branch of health informatics that helps bridge the gap between patients and health resources. It is defined by the American Medical Informatics Association as "the field devoted to informatics from multiple consumer or patient views". The Consumer Health Informatics Working Group (CHIWG) of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) define it as "the use of modern computers and telecommunications to support consumers in obtaining information, analyzing unique health care needs and helping them make decisions about their own health".

Scope
CHI includes patient-focused informatics, health literacy, and consumer education. The focus of this field is to allow consumers to manage their own health, through the use of internet-based strategies and resources with consumer-friendly language. Currently, CHI It stands at the crossroads of other disciplines, such as nursing informatics, public health, health promotion, health education, library science, and communication science.

Consumer health informatics include technologies focused on patients as the primary users to health information. It includes: information resources, communications, remote monitoring, videoconferencing, and telepresence. The Kaiser model is an example of allowing patients to remotely communicate with their physicians or other healthcare professionals.

title: Consumer health informatics


text:
Talk:Go down

Article listed on WP:VFD Jul 17 to Jul 23 2004, was redirected. Discussion:

Much as I like AC/DC's music, I don't believe a single song deserves its own article (at least in most cases). I notice that an article has been created for every track in this album; I'm nominating them all. Merge and Redirect into Let There Be Rock Kevyn 04:01, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Now redirected. Keep harmless redirect. Rossami 04:47, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep redirect (if debate is still relevant at this point.) Let There Be Rock still needs categorization, though.  --Ardonik 05:45, Jul 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep all the other redirects for this album, too. --Ardonik 05:46, Jul 17, 2004 (UTC)

End discussion

title: Talk:Go down


text:
Talk:Bad Boy Boogie

Article listed on WP:VFD Jul 17 to Jul 23 2004, was redirected. Discussion: Much as I like AC/DC's music, I don't believe a single song deserves its own article (at least in most cases). I notice that an article has been created for every track in this album; I'm nominating them all. Merge and Redirect into Let There Be Rock Kevyn 04:01, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC) End archived discussion
 * Now redirected. Keep harmless redirect. Rossami 04:47, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG
Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Fair use rationale for Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG
Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 05:56, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bad Boy Boogie


text:
Talk:Overdose (AC/DC song)

Article listed on WP:VFD Jul 17 to Jul 23 2004, was redirected. Discussion: Much as I like AC/DC's music, I don't believe a single song deserves its own article (at least in most cases). I notice that an article has been created for every track in this album; I'm nominating them all. Merge and Redirect into Let There Be Rock Kevyn 04:01, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC) End archived discussion
 * Now redirected. Keep harmless redirect. Rossami 04:47, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG
Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Fair use rationale for Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG
Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 05:56, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Overdose (AC/DC song)


text:
Talk:Hell Ain't A Bad Place To Be

Article listed on WP:VFD Jul 17 to Jul 23 2004, redirected. Discussion:

Much as I like AC/DC's music, I don't believe a single song deserves its own article (at least in most cases). I notice that an article has been created for every track in this album; I'm nominating them all. Merge and Redirect into Let There Be Rock Kevyn 04:01, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Now redirected. Keep harmless redirect. Rossami 04:47, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

End discussion

title: Talk:Hell Ain't A Bad Place To Be


text:
Talk:Dog Eat Dog (AC/DC song)

Untitled
Article listed on WP:VFD Jul 17 to Jul 23 2004, was redirected. Discussion: Much as I like AC/DC's music, I don't believe a single song deserves its own article (at least in most cases). I notice that an article has been created for every track in this album; I'm nominating them all. Merge and Redirect into Let There Be Rock Kevyn 04:02, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC) End archived discussion
 * Now redirected. Keep harmless redirect. Rossami 04:47, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG
Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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Fair use rationale for Image:Dogcarryhome.gif
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BetacommandBot (talk) 05:25, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG
Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

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BetacommandBot (talk) 05:56, 2 January 2008 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 19:55, 1 May 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Dog Eat Dog (AC/DC song)


text:
Talk:Whole Lotta Rosie

Untitled
Article listed on WP:VFD Jul 17 to Jul 23 2004, was redirected. Discussion: Much as I like AC/DC's music, I don't believe a single song deserves its own article (at least in most cases). I notice that an article has been created for every track in this album; I'm nominating them all. Merge and Redirect into Let There Be Rock Kevyn 04:02, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC) End archived discussion I think it should be mentioned that Whole Lotta Rosie has had a full blowup thing in concert.
 * Now redirected. Keep harmless redirect. Rossami 04:47, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG
Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

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Fair use rationale for Image:Acdc Let There Be Rock.JPG
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Genre
The people that run this page obviously don't know their music genres, because they refuse to put Heavy Metal despite various sources saying they are. But they can't deny this song IS metal. http://books.google.com/books?id=3ag-T6ppMowC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=ac/dc+whole+lotta+rosie+heavy+metal&source=bl&ots=JS-vmMAhF9&sig=P6pbWAXgZjNd6OPmiCVitWeaKPU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DD5PU7HXIc-vyATBooCACA&ved=0CGgQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=ac%2Fdc%20whole%20lotta%20rosie%20heavy%20metal&f=false 108.81.33.59 (talk) 02:40, 17 April 2014 (UTC)
 * One source saying its a heavy metal song is not enough. Genre should reflect what the overwhelming majority of sources have to say on a subject. If you you want to add/change a genre you will need to seek consensus here.  Flat Out  let's discuss it  03:06, 17 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Why does it have to be so demanding all of a sudden, why can't it be like other normal Wiki pages that all it needs is evidence and no need for this consensus nonsense?108.81.33.59 (talk) 02:57, 18 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Consensus is not nonsense, it is a requirement to avoid edit wars. It is specifically required in regards to music genre, especially for pages that have existed for a long time and have had a lot of contributions, such as this one.--Gorpik (talk) 14:57, 21 April 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
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Unverified Info
Under 'Covers' it is stated that: James "The King" Brown covered the song in his 2000 album Return to Splendor.

The album I own has no such cover. It does, however, contain a cover of Led Zeppelin's 'Whole lotta love'. My information does not reveal any versions of the album that does have Whole Lotta Rosie on the track list.

I know James "The King" Brown performs the song live, and maybe there are versions of the album out there that do contain Rosie, which is why I have not altered the entry. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.90.6.30 (talk) 11:44, 26 July 2018 (UTC)
 * If you have the record and it is not there, just remove the entry from the article. I've done it for you, anyway. In fact, I think we should remove the whole section, since none of those covers meet the notability criteria in WP:COVERSONG.--Gorpik (talk) 07:25, 27 July 2018 (UTC)

Request edit
Can add Elvis Presley has also did a cover of “Whole lotta Rosie” by AC/DC96.22.40.168 (talk) 00:21, 9 May 2019 (UTC)

 * The individual singing that song is the Elvis impersonator James "The King" Brown. Spintendo  00:50, 9 May 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:06, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Wolelottarosie-intro power chords.ogg

title: Talk:Whole Lotta Rosie


text:
The Rat Race

The Rat Race is a 1960 American drama film adapted from the play of the same name by Garson Kanin. Directed by Robert Mulligan, it stars Tony Curtis and Debbie Reynolds as struggling young entertainment professionals in New York City. Filming took place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Sam Butera and Gerry Mulligan have minor roles as saxophonists.

Plot
Wishing to pursue a career as a jazz saxophonist, Pete Hammond Jr. takes a bus from his home in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to New York City and optimistically begins looking for work. However, jobs are extremely hard to find. He crosses paths with Peggy Brown, a model and taxi dancer who has become jaded and cynical after years of struggling to survive in the city. She has just been evicted from an apartment rented to Pete, and because she is penniless and has no home to return to, he offers to let her stay with him. She is forced to rely on his generosity, and as the two of them work at various low-paying jobs, they stay together in the apartment as friends.

Peggy warns him that people cannot be trusted, but Pete is encouraged when a band auditions him for a job. When the other musicians send him out for beer, Pete returns to find that they have stolen his instruments and that he is the victim of a scam, thus proving Peggy right. Pete lands a job as an "alto man" on a cruise ship but has no instruments. Peggy goes to the abusive taxi dance hall owner she works for, Nellie Miller (Don Rickles), to whom she is already in debt, for another loan to give to Pete and agrees to prostitute herself with his patrons to pay back her debts. Maintaining a cynical front, Peggy convinces a suspicious Pete that she got the money with "no strings attached".

Pete writes Peggy daily throughout the next month while on the cruise. When she stalls at fulfilling her end of their deal, Nellie strips Peggy of her dress and shoes to make his point that he owns her. She runs out on their deal again the night Pete returns, and Nellie threatens to disfigure her. In love with Peggy and afraid for her, Pete gives up all his wages, his wristwatch and his new instruments to pay off Nellie. Later, Pete professes his love to Peggy and they kiss; then he confesses to Peggy that he "mixed" with three women as part of his cruise ship job. Peggy agrees to stay with Pete, but then she tells him that he needs to stop working on cruise ships.

Cast

 * Tony Curtis as Pete Hammond Jr.
 * Debbie Reynolds as Peggy Brown
 * Jack Oakie as Mac Macreavy
 * Kay Medford as Mrs. 'Soda' Gallo
 * Don Rickles as Nellie Miller
 * Marjorie Bennett as Edie Kerry
 * Hal K. Dawson as Bo Kerry
 * Norman Fell as Telephone Repairman
 * Lisa Drake as Toni
 * Joe Bushkin as Frankie
 * Sam Butera as Carl
 * Gerry Mulligan as Gerry
 * Elmer Bernstein as a member of The Red Peppers

title: The Rat Race


text:
Dorothy Hart

Dorothy Hart (April 4, 1922 – July 11, 2004) was an American actress, mostly in supporting roles. She portrayed Howard Duff's fiancée in the film The Naked City (1948).

Early life
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Hart was the daughter of insurance executive Walter Hart and Mary Hart.

Hart attended Denison University for one year before graduating from Case Western Reserve University with a B.A. degree. She was also a member of Kappa Alpha Theta. After gaining some experience at the Cleveland Play House she decided on a singing career.

In 1944, a newspaper friend submitted her photo in the Columbia Pictures "National Cinderella Cover Girl Contest of 1944." Hart had saved enough money to go to New York when she learned that she was high on the list of Cover Girl finalists. After winning the contest, the studio paid for her trip in August 1944, and she was given a screen test for the Rita Hayworth film Tonight and Every Night, as her contest award.

Winning the "National Cinderella Cover Girl Contest" brought with it a contract for Hart to be a model with the Conover Modeling Agency, which in turn led to pictures of her "appearing in fashionable magazines all over the world."

She should not be confused with Dorothy Hart from the children’s soap opera “The Sunbrite Junior Nurse Corps." Although that Dorothy Hart was presented in Sunbrite's advertising as a real person, she was played by Lucy Gilman Scott.

Film career
On August 25, 1946, Hart signed a contract with Columbia Pictures. Her first big movie break came, starring alongside Randolph Scott and Barbara Britton in the Western, Gunfighters (1947), a Cinecolor film for Columbia.

While filming in October, 1946 Hart was sent home from location with an illness which was diagnosed as influenza. In February, 1947 she was injured during horseback sequences in Arizona. Minor corrective surgery was performed at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles, California. The Painted Desert was one of the main sites utilized for this movie. Barbara Britton played the female lead in the adventure drama with Hart heading up the supporting cast.

Columnist Hedda Hopper reported in a June 1947 column that Mary Pickford was suing Dorothy Hart for a sum of $79,000 because the young actress refused to accept a role in the film There Goes Lona Henry. Pickford stated in an interview that she hoped to take an unknown girl and make her into a great star. Hart refused the role because she did not want to sign away seven years of her career for a single movie opportunity.

Hart made Larceny (1948), with Shelley Winters and The Countess of Monte Cristo (also 1948) with Sonja Henie, both for Universal Pictures. She co-starred in The Naked City, starring Barry Fitzgerald, which premiered on March 10, 1948. She played the bad girl who double crosses her fiancé in William Castle’s Undertow (1949).

Hart became the tenth actress to portray Jane when she appeared opposite Lex Barker as Tarzan in Tarzan's Savage Fury (1952). She also co-starred in Outside the Wall (1950) and I Was a Communist for the FBI (1951), playing a Communist schoolteacher who eventually repudiates the party.

United Nations
In 1952, Hart left acting to work with the American Association for the United Nations in New York. The organization's first female entertainer, she spoke at the United Nations and was an observer at the 1957-1958 meeting of the World Federation of United Nations in Geneva.

Personal life
Hart was twice married and divorced. With Frederick Pittera, she had a son, Douglas (born 1961).

Dorothy Hart died of Alzheimer's disease on July 11, 2004, in Asheville, North Carolina, at age 82. She was survived by her son, a sister, and three grandchildren.

title: Dorothy Hart


text:
Thomas Harris (British Columbia politician)

Thomas Harris (1817? – November 29, 1884 ) was the first mayor of Victoria, British Columbia, serving from 1862 to 1865.

Born in Almeley, Herefordshire, Harris married Eliza Dickinson, a widow, in Liverpool in 1848. Harris came to Victoria by way of California in 1858, at the height of the Cariboo gold rush. He ran a slaughterhouse for a time, then became a butcher shortly afterward and made his fortune.

A jovial man who had an opinion on everything and wasn't afraid to tell whoever would listen, he was a likely candidate for election in 1862 when the town's father decided to incorporate the town. At election time, Harris won by "forest of hands" amid a group of 600 men. During his second official council meeting, the 300 pound (136 kg) Harris had a chair collapse under his own weight.

In 1873, he was named sergeant-at-arms for the provincial legislature. He was named high sheriff for Vancouver Island in 1876.

Harris Green, an area within Victoria, is named after him.

His stepson Robert Dickinson took over the shop in New Westminster and served as mayor of that city.


text:
Harry Carey (actor)

Henry DeWitt Carey II (January 16, 1878 – September 21, 1947) was an American actor and one of silent film's earliest superstars, usually cast as a Western hero. One of his best known performances is as the president of the United States Senate in the drama film Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He was the father of Harry Carey Jr., who was also a prominent actor.

Early life
Carey was born in the Bronx, New York, a son of Henry DeWitt Carey (a newspaper source gives the actor's name as "Harry DeWitt Carey II"), a prominent lawyer and judge of the New York Supreme Court, and his wife Ella J. (Ludlum). He grew up on City Island, Bronx.

Carey was a cowboy, railway superintendent, author, lawyer and playwright. He attended Hamilton Military Academy, then studied law at New York University.

Stage
When a boating accident led to pneumonia, he wrote a play, Montana, while recuperating and toured the country performing in it for three years. His play was very successful, but Carey lost it all when his next play was a failure. In 1911, his friend Henry B. Walthall introduced him to director D.W. Griffith, with whom Carey would make many films.

Carey's Broadway credits include But Not Goodbye, Ah, Wilderness, and Heavenly Express.

Career
Carey first appeared in a film in 1908. He was contracted to make four films—not only acting but also doing his own stunt work. He is best remembered as one of the first stars of the Western film genre.

In 1909, Carey began working for the Biograph Company. In 1911, he was signed by D.W. Griffith. His first film for Griffith was The Sorrowful Shore, a sea story.

One of his most popular roles was as the good-hearted outlaw Cheyenne Harry. The Cheyenne Harry franchise spanned two decades, from A Knight of the Range (1916) to Aces Wild (1936). Carey starred in director John Ford's first feature film, Straight Shooting (1917).

Carey's rugged frame and craggy features were well suited to westerns and outdoor adventures. When sound films arrived, Carey displayed an assured, gritty baritone voice that suited his rough-hewn screen personality. He was the logical choice for the title role in MGM's outdoor jungle epic Trader Horn. By this time Carey, already in his fifties, was too mature for most leading roles, and the only starring roles that he was offered were in low-budget westerns and serials. He soon settled into a comfortable career as a solid, memorable character actor; he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the President of the Senate in the 1939 film Mr. Smith Goes to Washington. Among his other notable later roles were that of Master Sergeant Robert White, crew chief of the bomber "Mary Ann" in the 1943 Howard Hawks film Air Force and Mr. Melville, the cattle buyer, in Hawks's Red River. Carey made his Broadway stage debut in 1940, in Heavenly Express with John Garfield.

Personal life
Carey married at least twice and possibly a third time. Census records for 1910 indicate he had a wife named Clare E. Carey. Some references state that he was also married to an actress named Fern Foster.

His last marriage was in 1920 to actress Olive Fuller Golden, "daughter of George Fuller Golden, one of the greatest of the vaudevillians." Harry and Olive were together until his death in 1947. They purchased a 1,000-acre ranch in Saugus, California, north of Los Angeles, which was later turned into Tesoro Adobe Historic Park in 2005.

The Careys had a son, Harry Carey, Jr., and a daughter, Ella "Cappy" Carey. Harry Jr., nicknamed Dobe, would become a character actor, most famous for his roles in westerns. Father and son both appear (albeit in different scenes) in the 1948 film Red River, and mother and son are both featured in 1956's The Searchers.

Death
A long-time cigar smoker, Harry Carey died in 1947 at the age of 69 from coronary thrombosis, which is believed to have been aggravated by a bite from a black widow spider a month earlier. However, more reliable sources refute the arachnid anecdote listed in contemporary Associated Press reports. Carey's son blamed a combination of emphysema and cancer in his 1994 memoir Company of Heroes: My Life As an Actor in the John Ford Stock Company. In Print the Legend: The Life and Times of John Ford, author Scott Eyman states that lung cancer was the cause of death. He was interred in Woodlawn Cemetery in the family mausoleum in the Bronx, New York.

Honors and homages
For his contributions to the film industry, Harry Carey has a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1521 Vine Street. The star was dedicated February 8, 1960.

In the 1948 John Ford film, 3 Godfathers, Carey is remembered at the beginning of the film and dubbed "Bright Star of the early western sky..."

As an homage to him, John Wayne held his right elbow with his left hand in the closing shot of The Searchers, imitating a stance Carey himself often used in his films. According to Wayne, both he and Carey's widow Olive (who costarred in the film) wept when the scene was finished.

In 1976, he was inducted into the Western Performers Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

In 1987, his name was emblazoned along the Walk of the Western Stars on Main Street in Old Town Newhall in Santa Clarita, California. (His son, Harry Carey Jr., was also honored in 2005.)

title: Harry Carey (actor)


text:
C. Paul Jennewein

Carl Paul Jennewein (December 2, 1890 – February 22, 1978) was a German-born American sculptor.

Early career
Jennewein was born in Stuttgart in Germany. At the age of seventeen, he immigrated to the United States in 1907.

He was apprenticed with the firm of Buhler and Lauter in New York where he received his early training. He took evening classes at the Art Students League of New York. Much of his early work was as a muralist, including in 1912 four murals for the Woolworth Building; the first building to be called "the Cathedral of Commerce."

In 1915 Jennewein became a naturalized U.S. citizen when he was twenty-five years old. Soon afterward he entered the United States Army. In 1916 his tour was cut short when he was awarded an honorable discharge after receiving the Rome Prize, a highly sought-after art award. This allowed him to study at the American Academy in Rome for the next three years; in Rome Jennewein turned his attention to sculpture. By 1928, Jennewein had set up his studio in the Van Nest section of the Bronx where he remained until 1978, the year of his death.

Architectural sculpture

 * 1923: Lincoln Life Insurance Building, Fort Wayne, Indiana
 * 1931: Education Building, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
 * 1932: British Empire Building at Rockefeller Center, Manhattan
 * 1933: Pediment, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 * 1934: Justice Department Building, Washington, D.C., (57 separate sculptural elements)
 * 1936: Kansas City City Hall Kansas City, Missouri
 * 1938: Finance Building, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
 * 1939: Two stone pylons, Brooklyn Public Library, Brooklyn, New York
 * 1940: West Virginia State Office Building, Charleston, West Virginia
 * 1941: Dauphin County Courthouse, (exterior and interior), Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
 * 1950: Fulton County Building Annex, Atlanta, Georgia
 * 1954: Two panels inside the White House, Washington, D.C.
 * 1959: New York state seal on the front of the Court of Appeals building, Albany, New York
 * 1964: Two monumental figures for the Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, D.C.

Later career
The work that he is probably best known for today, and which garnered him much praise when it was unveiled in 1933, was the polychrome figures in the pediment of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Jennewein was one of 252 sculptors who exhibited in the 3rd Sculpture International Exhibition of the Fairmount Park Art Association (now the Association for Public Art) held at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the summer of 1949.

In the course of their careers, Carl Paul Jennewein and his partner Warren Straton produced at least five monumental eagles: one at the entrance to Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia, another on the Arlington Memorial Bridge, connecting Arlington with Washington, D.C., the third on the Federal Office Building in New York, the fourth, a Spanish–American War Memorial in Rochester, New York.

The fifth was at Ardennes Memorial located in Neuville-en-Condroz in Belgium. They also produced somewhat smaller eagles for the gates of the Embassy of the United States in Paris.

Jennewein's sculpture, which never strayed too far from the classical ideals that he had come to so admire while in Rome, became increasingly modernized and his style comfortably fits into the Greco Deco category.

Jennewein's work received some attention when his Noyes Armillary Sphere disappeared during a riot in Washington, D.C., in the turbulent 1960s. It has not yet been recovered.

He also executed a number of medals during his career. In 1933, Jennewein sculpted Glory and Fame, the seventh issue in the long running Society of Medalists series. He also designed the inaugural medal for President Harry S. Truman in 1949.

Jennewein died on February 22, 1978, at his home in Larchmont, New York.

Controversy
In 2002, two of Jennewein's semi-nude figures in the Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building in Washington, D.C., were hidden behind a curtain. This has been linked to the exposed breast on the female figure, Spirit of Justice (the male counterpart is Majesty of Law). The curtain was removed in 2005.

Several posthumous profiles of Jennewein have brought attention to his participation in the Great German Art Exhibitions (Große Deutsche Kunstausstellung) in Munich in 1937, 1938, and 1939. The shows were held annually in the House of German Art (Haus der Deustchen Kunst) from 1937-1944 with direct oversight from Adolf Hitler. According to Head of Archive at Haus Der Kunst Sabine Brantl, which succeeded the Haus der Deutschen Kunst after the fall of the Nazi Germany, the exhibitions "established an aesthetic and political space that served to implement and display" the ideological goals of Nazism, including the construction of an Aryan supremacist racial hierarchy. Additionally, the exhibitions attempted to contrast with art that the Nazis had labeled as “degenerate” and purged from Germany. Artists exhibiting at the House of German Art were required to be members of the Reich Chamber of Fine Arts (Reichskulturkammer), which in turn could only be attained by submitting proof of "Aryan descent". However, it is not known whether Jennewein was a member; he may have been granted an exception to the requirement.

Jennewein visited the Great German Art Exhibition in 1937 and came back very enthusiastic. In a letter d.d. 8 December 1937 to the American Architect Charles Borie, Jennewein writes: “I have just returned from a great trip, and I am still talking about the things I saw in Germany….I also feel that at last I have found out the answer to: 'What is wrong with American Art’. In 1938 he was selected in Munich to a group of 25 preferred artist who were allowed to display yearly more than 5 artworks at the Great German Art Exhibitions. His displayed works, photographed by Heinrich Hoffmann (photographer), were printed on postcards issued by the House of German Art. Several works by Jennewein, identical to his bronzes displayed in the Third Reich, are currently displayed by American institutions, including Yale University and the Metropolitan. In 1938 Jennewein sold three bronzes to Adolf Hitler: 'Tänzerin' ('Greek Dance'), 'Rast' (Resting') and 'Komödie' ('Comedy') for 600, 370, respectively 380 Reichsmark. After the war the US government apparently paid him almost 30,000 dollars compensation for the destruction of his art works bombed in Munich by Allied bombers.

Recognition
Because Jennewein's studio was located in the Van Nest section of the Bronx, an honorary street sign was designated on June 2, 2011, to reflect his 50 years of contributions to the world of art and sculpture. Among those in attendance at the renaming ceremony were Jennewein's son James and his wife. Additionally, representatives from the National Sculpture Society and Brookgreen Gardens also were present for the unveiling ceremony.

In 1929 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member and became a full Academician in 1933.

title: C. Paul Jennewein


text: Template:Moons of Neptune

title: Template:Moons of Neptune


text:
Midway Point, Tasmania

Midway Point (paredarerme/palawa kani: tipina) is a residential locality in the local government area (LGA) of Sorell in the South-east LGA region of Tasmania. The locality is about 5 km south-west of the town of Sorell. The 2016 census recorded a population of 2859 for the state suburb of Midway Point. It is located on a small peninsula with Orielton Lagoon on its eastern side and Pittwater on its southern and western sides. The suburb meets the mid-way point of the Sorell Causeway from Hobart to Sorell, hence the name. Mcgees Bridge is connected to Midway Point on the Pittwater side. The suburb lies close to Hobart International Airport and is approximately 21 km to Hobart via the Tasman Highway. In recent years Midway Point has become a popular commuter town for people working in Hobart.

History
Midway Point was gazetted as a locality in 1957.

Geography
The waters of Pittwater form the eastern, southern and western boundaries.

Road infrastructure
Route A3 (Tasman Highway) runs through the southern tip of the locality.

title: Midway Point, Tasmania


text:
Thomas Nelson Page

Thomas Nelson Page (April 23, 1853 – November 1, 1922) was an American lawyer, politician, and writer. He served as the U.S. ambassador to Italy from 1913 to 1919 under the administration of President Woodrow Wilson during World War I.

In his writing, Page popularized Plantation tradition literature which was used to promote the Lost Cause myth across the New South. Page first got the public's attention with his story "Marse Chan" which was published in the Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine. Page's most notable works include The Burial of the Guns and In Ole Virginia.

Life and career
Page was born on one of the Nelson family's plantations, Oakland, near the village of Beaverdam in Hanover County, Virginia. He was the son to John Page, a lawyer and a plantation owner, and Elizabeth Burwell (Nelson). He was a scion of the prominent Nelson and Page families, each First Families of Virginia.

Although he was from once-wealthy lineage, after the American Civil War, which began when he was only 8 years old, his parents and their relatives were largely impoverished during Reconstruction and his teenage years.

In 1869, he entered Washington College, known now as Washington and Lee University, in Lexington, Virginia when Robert E. Lee was president of the college. In Page's later literary works, Robert E. Lee would come to serve as the model figure of Southern Heroism. Page left Washington College before graduation for financial reasons after three years, but continued to desire an education specifically in law. To earn money to pay for his degree, Page tutored the children of his cousins in Kentucky. From 1873 to 1874, he was enrolled in the law school of the University of Virginia. At Washington College and thereafter at UVA, Nelson was a member of the fraternity of Delta Psi, (St. Anthony Hall).

Career
Admitted to the Virginia Bar Association, he practiced as a lawyer in Richmond between 1876 and 1893, and also began his writing career. In 1893, Page, who had become disillusioned with the Southern legal system, gave up his practice entirely and moved with his wife to Washington, D.C.

There, he wrote eighteen books that were compiled and published in 1912. Page popularized the plantation tradition genre of Southern writing, which told of an idealized version of life before the Civil War, with contented slaves working for beloved masters and their families. Page viewed the Antebellum South as a representation of moral purity, and often vilified the reforms of the Gilded Age as a sign of moral decline.

His 1887 collection of short stories, In Ole Virginia, is Page's quintessential work, providing a depiction of the Antebellum South. His most well-known short-story from that collection was "Marse Chan". "Marse Chan" was popularized because of Page's ability to capture southern dialect. Another short-story collection of his is entitled The Burial of the Guns (1894). As a result of his literary success, Page was popular amongst the Capital elite, and was regularly invited to socialize with politicians from around the country. During the first quarter of the 20th century, he founded a library in the Sycamore Tavern structure near Montpelier, Virginia, in memory of his wife, Florence Lathrop Page.

Under President Woodrow Wilson, Page was appointed as U.S. ambassador to Italy for six years between 1913 and 1919. There he supported the Czechoslovak Legion in Italy. Despite being untrained in Italian and having little experience in governmental affairs, Page was determined to do a good job. He eventually learned Italian, formed beneficial relationships with Italian government officials, and accurately reported on the Italian state during World War I. Page managed to maintain and improve American-Italian relations during World War I, and provided a sympathetic ear to the Italian and Triple Entente cause in the U.S. government. After a disagreement with President Wilson over the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, in which he argued for increased Italian benefits, Page resigned his post in 1919. His book entitled Italy and the World War (1920) is a memoir of his service there.

After returning to his home in Oakland, Virginia, Page continued to write for the remainder of his years.

Writing themes
Page's postbellum fiction featured a nostalgic view of the South in step with what is termed Lost Cause ideology. Twisting the historical reality of slavery, enslaved people are depicted as faithful, happy and simple, slotted into a paternalistic society. For example, the formerly enslaved person in "Marse Chan" is uneducated, speaks phonetically, and has unrelenting admiration for his former master. The gentry are noble and principled, with fealty to country and to chivalry—they seem like knights of a different age. The strain epitomized by Page would carry through the postwar era, cropping up again in art with films like The Birth of a Nation. The ideology and thoughts that appear in Page's writing and in Southern ideology are no mere simplistic, archaic world-view; they are part of a complex history that has informed, for worse and for better, the evolution of the Southern mind to 1940.

Thomas Nelson Page lamented that the slavery-era "good old darkies" had been replaced by the "new issue" (Blacks born after slavery) whom he described as "lazy, thriftless, intemperate, insolent, dishonest, and without the most rudimentary elements of morality" (pp. 80, 163). Page, who helped popularize the images of cheerful and devoted Mammies and Sambos in his early books, became one of the first writers to introduce a literary black brute.

In 1898 he published Red Rock, a Reconstruction novel, with the heinous figure of Moses, a loathsome and sinister Black politician. Moses tried to rape a white woman: "He gave a snarl of rage and sprang at her like a wild beast" (pp. 356–358). The depiction of rape using animal metaphors was a common feature of American sentimental literature. He was later lynched for "a terrible crime".

Page dealt with the morality of lynching by acquitting the mob from any guilt, holding, instead, the supposedly debased Blacks responsible for their own violent executions. In his 1904 essay, The Negro: The Southerner's Problem, he advocated for the white man's right to lynch:

"Lynching does not end ravishing, and that is the prime necessity... The charge that is often made, that the innocent are sometimes lynched, has little foundation. The rage of a mob is not directed against the innocent, but against the guilty; and its fury would not be satisfied with any other sacrifices than the death of the real criminal. Nor does the criminal merit any consideration, however terrible the punishment. The real injury is to the perpetrators of the crime of destroying the law, and to the community in which the law is slain... The crime of lynching is not likely to cease until the crime of ravishing and murdering women and children is less frequent than it has been of late. And this crime, which is well-nigh wholly confined to the Negro race, will not greatly diminish until the Negroes themselves take it in hand and stamp it out... As the crime of rape of late years had its baleful renascence in the teaching of equality and the placing of power in the ignorant Negroes' hands, so its perpetuation and increase have undoubtedly been due in large part to the same teaching. The intelligent Negro may understand what social equality truly means, but to the ignorant and brutal young Negro, it signifies but one thing: the opportunity to enjoy, equally with white men, the privilege of cohabiting with white women."

Likewise, Thomas Nelson Page complained that African American leaders should cease "talk of social equality that inflames the ignorant Negro," and instead, work to stop "the crime of ravishing and murdering women and children."

Reception and criticism
Thomas Nelson Page was one of the best-known writers of his day. He served as Woodrow Wilson's ambassador to Italy, and the president referred to him as a "national ornament".

In her effort to control the image of slavery and Civil War in the American mind, Mildred Lewis Rutherford, historian general of the United Daughters of the Confederacy from 1911 to 1916, urged that "no library should be without…all of Thomas Nelson Page's books".

Modern historian David W. Blight calls it "America's national tragedy" that American memory was informed by the "romantic fantasies" of writers like Page and Joel Chandler Harris, while the authentic memories of former slaves were largely forgotten. He approvingly cites Sterling A. Brown's ironical criticism: "Thomas Nelson Page was not lying in his eulogy of the mammy…Page's feeling is honest if child-like. I am sure that he loved his mammy to death."

Personal life
He was married to Anne Seddon Bruce on July 28, 1886. She died on December 21, 1888, of a throat hemorrhage. He remarried on June 6, 1893, to Florence Lathrop Field, a daughter of Jedediah Hyde Lathrop and the widowed sister-in-law of retailer Marshall Field (her husband Henry Field had died less than three years earlier). Page's second wife Florence was a member of the prestigious Barbour family, making Page a member by marriage.

Page was an activist in stimulating the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities to mobilize to save historical sites at Yorktown and elsewhere, especially in the Historic Triangle of Virginia, from loss to development. He was involved in gaining Federal funding to build a seawall at Jamestown in 1900, protecting a site where the remains of James Fort were later discovered by archaeologists working on the Jamestown Rediscovery project.

He died in 1922 at the age of 69 at Oakland, Virginia in Hanover County, Virginia.

Publications

 * In Ole Virginia, or Marse Chan and Other Stories (1887) short stories.
 * Befo' de War: Echoes in Negro Dialect (1888) poems.
 * Two Little Confederates (1888) short novel for young readers.
 * Among the Camps (1891) short stories for young readers.
 * Elsket, and Other Stories (1891) short stories.
 * On Newfound River (1891) novel.
 * The Old South: Essays Social and Political (1892) essays.
 * The Burial of the Guns (1894) short stories and one novella.
 * Pastime Stories (1894) short stories.
 * Unc' Edinburg: A Plantation Echo (1895).
 * Social Life in Old Virginia Before the War (1896).
 * The Old Gentleman of the Black Stock (1897) novella.
 * Red Rock: A Chronicle of Reconstruction (1898) novel.
 * Santa Claus's Partner (1899).
 * A Captured Santa Claus (1900).
 * Gordon Keith (1903) novel.
 * Two Prisoners (1903).
 * Bred in the Bone (1904) short stories.
 * The Negro (1905).
 * The Coast of Bohemia (1907) poems.
 * John Marvel, Assistant (1907) novel.
 * Under the Crust (1907) short stories and one play.
 * The Old Dominion: Her Making and Her Manners (1908) essays.
 * Tommy Trot's Visit to Santa Claus (1908).
 * Robert E. Lee: The Southerner (1908).
 * Mount Vernon and Its Preservation, 1858-1910 (1910).
 * Robert E. Lee: Man and Soldier (1911).
 * The Land of the Spirit (1913).
 * The Page Story Book (1914).
 * The Stranger's Pew (1914) short story.
 * The Shepherd Who Watched by Night (1916).
 * Address at the Three Hundredth Anniversary of the Settlement of Jamestown (1919).
 * Italy and the World War (1920).
 * Dante and His Influence: Studies (1922).
 * The Red Riders (1924).

Selected articles
 * "Lee in Defeat," The South Atlantic Quarterly, Vol. VI (1907).
 * "The Spirit of a People Manifested in their Art," Art and Progress, Vol. II (1910).
 * "Our Relation to Art," The American Magazine of Art, Vol. XIII (1922).

Collected works
 * The Novels, Stories, Sketches and Poems of Thomas Nelson Page (18 vols., 1910–12).

title: Thomas Nelson Page


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Charles Hayward (politician)

Sir Charles Hayward (May 12, 1839 – July 8, 1919) was the 25th mayor of Victoria, British Columbia, from 1900–1902. He had one of the more unusual professions: Starting off as a carpenter, he went into the business of making coffins and turned that into a very successful funeral business, one which remains today. Hayward's son Reginald also served as mayor (1922–1924) and continued to expand the business. They remain the only father and son mayors in Victoria history.

He was born in Stratford, Essex, England, the son of Charles Hayward and Harriet Tomlinson. He apprenticed as a carpenter and joiner and came to Victoria, British Columbia in 1862. He first entered the contracting business and then, in 1867, became an undertaker. Hayward was also involved in mining, building and manufacturing. He served as an alderman in 1873, 1874 and 1899 and was also chairman of the school board and a justice of the peace. Hayward married Sarah Chesney in 1862. He died in 1919 in Victoria, British Columbia at the age of 80.

title: Charles Hayward (politician)


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Saint Joseph the Worker Catholic Church (Dubuque, Iowa)

Saint Joseph the Worker Catholic Church is a Catholic parish located in Dubuque, Iowa. It is part of the Archdiocese of Dubuque. The parish became the tenth Catholic parish in Dubuque when it was created in 1949 by Archbishop Rohlman. The current pastor of the parish is Brian M. Dellaert.

History
Prior to the construction of the first church, the parish offices were located at Mercy Hospital. Weekend masses were held at Washington Junior High School. Eventually a parish church was built at the current location at 90 S. Algona, Dubuque.

In 1967, a new parish church was built, in a mid-century modern style. The church was a circular structure where the congregation sat in a semicircle around the altar. The church is noted for its stained glass windows, designed by Robert Leader.

Originally, the parish was named Saint Joseph's Church. There was another Saint Joseph's parish about three miles away, in Key West, Iowa. At times, one of the two parishes would receive mail intended for the other parish. In order to distinguish between the two parishes, the name was changed to St. Joseph the Worker parish in the 1990s. The parish is one of the larger parishes in Dubuque, mainly because of its location near the west end of the city.

The church was vandalized and damaged by arson in 2003. Anti-religious graffiti was found on the walls, as was a number of beer cans. A fire was found to have been burning on the main altar. The church sustained about $100,000 worth of damage. The next day, the pastor removed the Eucharist from the building. The building was then cleaned and repaired by a company that specialized in repairing and cleaning fire damaged buildings. A nearby Methodist church that had moved to a new facility donated their old church building while cleaning and repairs were being done. A young man whose family belonged to the parish had eventually confessed to the crime, he had committed it after a night of drinking and drug use.


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Somerset, Tasmania

Somerset is a small township to the west of Burnie, Tasmania, Australia, which shares its name with the County of Somerset, England, UK. Today the city of Burnie encompasses the entire Burnie-Somerset urban area; however, the town is part of the Waratah/Wynyard municipal area.

History
Somerset River Cam Post Office opened on 5 November 1864. It was renamed Somerset Cam around 1934 and Somerset in 1963.

Geography
Somerset is located on estuary on the western bank of the Cam River midway between the township of Wynyard and the city of Burnie. The Cam River is the borderline of where the Waratah-Wynyard Council meets the City of Burnie. A beach stretches along the full length of the Somerset coastline from the Cam River to the far western outskirts. Somerset has three parks, each with a playground. These are ANZAC Park (Bells Parade), The Cam River Reserve (Bass Highway), and Plover Park (Ronald Crescent).

Climate
The temperature in summer ranges from 12.5 °C to 21 °C, with drier days as warm as 30 °C, and around 16 hours of sunlight per day. In winter, temperatures range from 6 °C to 13 °C, and only 8 hours of sunlight.

Demographics
At the, Somerset had a population of approximately 3,900. However, in 2011 Somerset had a total population of 3975.

Economy
There are a number of small businesses in Somerset with almost all along the main street.

Notable industries in Somerset include: Gunns Veneers, which is one of only three production facilities in Australasia. Gunns Veneers is Australasia's largest producer of sliced veneers and the world's largest producer of Eucalypt veneers. The Burnie branch of William Adams. William Adams is a CAT Rental Dealer as well as a servicing department. They specialize in the repairing, maintenance and modifications of heavy machinery used for mining, forestry and agriculture.

Coastal Pathway
The development of a coastal pathway will connect Somerset and Burnie to Wynyard and Latrobe as part of a State Government and Local Government Council initiative to upgrade infrastructure on the north-west coast of Tasmania.

Media
The Advocate is the local newspaper for the region, with its press and mailroom located in Burnie.

Somerset has access to all major television stations, including: ABC, SBS, WIN and Southern Cross.

Sport
Somerset is home to five sporting venues: a football field, soccer field, tennis courts, a recreation centre and a surf lifesaving club.

Education
Somerset does not have a public high school or college.

There is one public primary school in Somerset, Somerset Primary School, located at the site of the old West Somerset Primary School, after the two schools merged.

There is one private school in Somerset, the Burnie branch of Australian Christian College, which is located on the outskirts of the town on Seabrook Road.

Transport
Somerset is connected to the surrounding areas by the Bass Highway which runs through the town following the coast. Somerset is also connected to the West Coast by the Murchison Highway which begins beside the Cam River.

The only public transport in the area is Metro Tasmania which offers bus services from Wynyard to Burnie.

The railway station closed to passenger trains with the ending of the Tasman Limited in 1978. The station building has been demolished but the platform and rail line are still in place.

The Burnie Airport is located in the township of Wynyard, a 15-minute drive away.

title: Somerset, Tasmania


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Play Your Cards Right

Play Your Cards Right (or Bruce Forsyth's Play Your Cards Right) is a British television game show based on, and played similarly to, the American show Card Sharks.

History
Play Your Cards Right broadcast on ITV from 1 February 1980 to 22 November 1987, produced by LWT, and hosted by Bruce Forsyth. LWT produced a more modern version from 18 March 1994 to 4 June 1999, initially expected to be presented by Brian Conley, who filmed a pilot show before Forsyth was lured back after he unexpectedly quit The Generation Game. In 2002, Forsyth hosted another revival, with slightly modified rules. This version was produced by Thames Television and ended on 20 June 2003.

Forsyth also presented a parody of the format, Play Your Iraqi Cards Right (working title: Play Your Kurds Right), when he was guest host on the satirical BBC TV series Have I Got News for You in June 2003. On 15 October 2005, it made a one-off return as part of Ant & Dec's Gameshow Marathon, celebrating 50 years of ITV. It made another one-off return in 2007 again part of Gameshow Marathon.

An interactive DVD game of Play Your Cards Right was released in 2007, with an updated sequel released in 2008, both produced by DVDPro.

Main game
Two couples (two single players during the first series) alternated who went first on each question. The questions were based on surveys of 100 people. The first couple would guess how many of the 100 gave a certain answer to the question, and the second would guess whether the actual number was higher or lower than the other couple's guess. (If the first couple guessed exactly the number of people, they would win a case of champagne, as opposed to a cash bonus depending on type of question on the US versions ($100 for 10-person surveys with another $100 split among the panel, $500 for 100-person surveys or general knowledge questions.) Whoever was correct gained control of the cards.

Unlike the US version, the questions usually had some comedy value (for example: The question would be, "We asked 100 tattoo-artists – if somebody came in asking for a tattoo of Bruce Forsyth, would you try to talk them out of it?"). The first couple would joke around with Bruce, and then decide on a sum of, say, 64. The second couple would say "higher" (and Bruce would pretend to be offended). If the answer was, say, 26, the second couple were wrong in guessing "higher", so the first couple started with the cards.

There were five cards for each team laid out, and they had to guess if the next card was higher or lower — ace being the highest card, and two being lowest. The first card could be changed if the couple wished. If the guess was correct, the couple would continue with the next card, and so on. Correctly guessing all cards to the end won the game, but if the couple guessed wrong at any time or if they got a pair of cards, they would retreat back to the card where they started and the other team would have a free attempt at their own cards. (In this case, the couple could not change their first card.)

After any correct guess, a couple could "freeze", which would protect their cards. A marker would be placed by a dealer beside the frozen card, which meant that on the next question, a wrong guess on their cards would put them back no further than where they froze. This was usually done when the card shown was of a middle rank, such as a seven, eight or nine. After a couple froze their cards, play would continue to the next question. Should the couple regain control of the board on a correct question, they will be allowed to change the frozen card (due to it now being the card the couple would start on.).

If the next card was the same rank as the card showing, it counted as a wrong guess; indeed, this is the only way to be wrong when an ace or deuce appeared. "You don't get anything for a pair, not in this game" was Forsyth's catch phrase on such occasions.

If no team had managed to predict the last card correctly within the first three questions sudden death was played. The couple who gained control of the cards (either through their own correct prediction or the other couple's incorrect prediction) had to make a decision, either to "Play" and correctly predict the remainder of their cards to win, or "Pass" and force their opponents to achieve the feat. An incorrect prediction now caused their opposition to win the round.

In series 1, each game awarded £50 to the winner. By 1985, the winner of each of the two games in the first half would get a prize known as a "Brucie Bonus". The overall winner was the first couple to win two games. If a third game was required, three cards were played by each couple instead of five, with sudden death occurring on the third question instead of fourth. Also around the time a gift of a bottle of champagne was given to a couple in the rare instances where they correctly guessed the exact answer of a question.

The winning couple got 200 points to begin with. Bruce would then ask a question, if they got it right, they'd win an extra 50 points, if they got it wrong, they lost 50 points. There were two rows of three cards dealt out (going from left to right, and upward), and one final card at the top. At the start of each row, they could change their card. At the start of the second row, they got an extra 200 points. The rules are the same as in the previous game, but they had to bet on each turn of the card with a minimum bet of 50 points, or up to the number of points they have at that time. When they got to the final card, the couple's score determined the prize they played for. If they had 4,000 or more, they could play for the car (which was a separate game on the US version). They were asked a simple question (usually to name 5 of something – no-one ever got this wrong), and then predicted higher or lower for the final card. If they were right, they would win the car. If not, they won a prize based on their score. A score of less than 4,000 points after finishing the second row required a bet of at least half of the points.
 * Prize cards

In the 90's version, points became pounds, but the rules remained the same. Also, on the final card, if they had £4,000 or more, and they were wrong, they would just have the money. What was emphasized was that their money was safe.

If the couple got to the final card with under £4,000, they could choose to take the money, or gamble all of it on the last card – with Bruce emphasising thus: "The rules are strict here – it is all or nothing" (unlike all US versions which required players to bet one-half or more of their winnings on the final card, allowing players to bet the minimum one-half if they were not confident because of a middle card; the 2019 US version added the option of taking the money before the final card from this version, regardless of the amount won, with the one-half minimum bet still in effect if they went on). The maximum amount of money that could be won was £17,600, which was never achieved. (The highest win was £9,500)

2002 version
The rules of the 2002 revival were partly based on the changes made in the 2001 revival of Card Sharks in the United States. All 13 cards from the suit of hearts from the 'Two' to the 'Ace' were put out face down. Four couples would then come on, and the two couples with the two highest cards would go through to the main game (the couple who picked the highest card was red team.). This was just an opening game. After this, Bruce's gag was to say "Well done you winners, and so sorry losers, we really are sorry to lose you so early in the show...tough." – followed by audience laughter. The rules of the main game were exactly the same as in the original version, except the "Brucie Bonus" was £1,000. If one couple won both the games, the losing couple would be sent home with a case of champagne before the break, otherwise, the losing couple would get to keep the £1,000 for winning their one-game (there was no money awarded for the tie-breaker).

In the Cash Cards, Bruce would first ask the winning couple a ridiculously hard, trivial or stupid question. They often pondered for a few seconds over this, then Bruce said "Aren't you glad you don't have to answer a question like that?", to which the audience would laugh – except that on at least two occasions, the contestants correctly answered the question, shocking Bruce, who accused the contestants – though in a humorous manner – of "ruining the show", prompting much more laughter from the audience.

The Cash Cards game was played similar to the United States versions from 1980-81 season and also the entire 1986-89 version's run. The couple was given £1,000 to start with and their minimum bet had to be £100, but they could bet the whole lot if they wanted to. If the couple survived the first three cards, another £500 would be added to the total on the fourth card. On the final card, the couple had to bet at least half the amount they had at that point. If a couple bet on the whole lot the wrong way during the first three cards, that card would be put on the row above and the additional £500 would be added on. If there was a pair revealed in the Cash Cards, "push" rule that had been implemented in the aforementioned US versions was in play, as they moved on to the next card without losing any money. If the last two cards on a row were a pair, the second card would be used as the base card for the row above.

The theoretical maximum in the Cash Cards is £136,000.

Personnel
Among Forsyth's other quips, he would, at the beginning of some shows, say, "What a lovely audience! You're so much better than last week." The joke was that the same audience was used for more than one show, therefore it was the same one. Bruce started each show with his trademark "It's nice to see you, to see you nice" (whereby the audience join in on the last "nice".). When a pair was revealed, he'd say "You don't get anything for a pair, not in this game.", and the audience would join in with the "not in this game" part. On the 2002 series in particular, he would often start the show with a made-up quote.

When Card Sharks was slated for a revival in 1986, Forsyth himself was considered as possible host by creator/producer Mark Goodson (Forsyth, at the time, was in the United States filming the short-lived Bruce Forsyth's Hot Streak). The job ultimately went to Bob Eubanks and Bill Rafferty.

Card dealers include Jo Thomas, Yvonne Younger, Zena Clifton, Natalie Shaw, Denise "Denni" Kemp, Lesley Anderson, Gillian Elvins, John Melainey, Camilla Blair, Gillian Duxbury, Alison Bell, Carol Dean, Brenda Haldane, Wendy Marler, Robin Martyne, Denni Kemp, Natalie van de Braam, Alison Bell, Carol Dean, Vicki Brattle, Sophie Allisstone, Carly Carter, Debbie Flett, Sharon Amos, Sheryl Deane, Charlie Maloney, Maxine Restall, Annalise Braakensiek and Vicki-Lee Walberg.

Gameshow Marathon
Play Your Cards Right was one of the games on the series Gameshow Marathon in 2005 and 2007.

Potential revivals
In 2011, a new pilot was made for a planned reboot of Play Your Cards Right on ITV with Vernon Kay as the new host. However, in November 2013, it was later scrapped because it "didn't involve enough skill". In June 2019 it was announced that, as one of the country's five all-time favourite game shows, it would be "supersized and rebooted" in a new series Alan Carr's Epic Gameshow filmed at dock10 studios for broadcast on ITV. Hosted by Alan Carr, the new episode was a celebrity special and was broadcast on 30 May 2020 as the first episode in the series. Carr had been linked to a possible revival of the show in August 2018. In 2020 presenter Ryan Swain revived the gameshow digitally via his Instagram attracting celebrity guests daily; it was to set up to entertain the NHS staff, carers and key workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

title: Play Your Cards Right


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Blackmans Bay, Tasmania

Blackmans Bay is a coastal suburb of Kingborough Council, Tasmania, Australia. It forms part of the Kingston-Blackmans Bay urban area and is a satellite town of Greater Hobart. It borders Kingston Beach to the north, Maranoa Heights and the Peter Murrell Conservation Area to the west and Howden and Tinderbox to the south.

Etymology
Blackmans Bay is named after James Blackman, who occupied land there in the 1820s. Another "Blackman Bay", near Dunalley (also in Tasmania) was so named in 1642 because of the presence of Aboriginal Tasmanians.

Geography
Blackmans Bay is located on the hills surrounding a popular sandy beach.

There is a blowhole near the northern end of the beach, which has eroded and forms a large rock arch where waves can be seen coming in and crashing on the rocks. James Baynton is credited with the discovery of the blowhole when he found his lost dog whimpering at its base.

At the southern end of the beach are rocks leading to Flowerpot Point, a popular spot for fishing, although snags are an issue because of the prevalence of seaweed and rock ledges beneath the water. Beyond Flowerpot Point lies a quiet pebble beach that is accessible at low tide. The Suncoast Headlands walking track leads south via clifftops to Soldiers Rocks, dog exercise area and bushland loop walking track.

At the southern boundary of the suburb lies Fossil Cove, accessible via a steep walking track from Fossil Cove Drive.

Infrastructure
Blackmans Bay has three primary schools from kindergarten to grade six: Blackmans Bay, Illawarra, established in the late 1980s, and the Catholic St. Aloysius.

The shopping centre Bayview Market, located centrally within the suburb, includes a supermarket, newsagency, doctor's surgery, pharmacy and a variety of other stores.

Blackmans Bay also has a set of three restaurants near the shore.

History
The 1830 Ross Almanack describes Blackmans Bay as "[...] several small farms. It is a very romantically situated little settlement with a fine sandy beach in front. The potatoes that grow there are as celebrated as those of Brown's River." The only families referenced in the text are the Mansfields and the Lovetts. The signal station "Mount Lewis" is said to be located next to the Lovett household.

Despite knowledge of the Bay's existence it was settled relatively late, and by 1842 only four or five families lived in the area. The road from Hobart reached Brown's River and ended in Kingston Beach, with only a sandy track over the hill connecting Kingston Beach and Blackmans Bay. One of the earliest settlers was William Sherburd who was granted 50 acres there in 1818, which he started farming in 1819. The existing oval at Blackmans Bay bears Sherburd's name.

Blackmans Bay did not develop as quickly as Brown's River or Kingston Beach, as the lack of a road or jetty made it difficult to access. Therefore the area enjoyed little development between 1830 and 1880, with farmland growth but little change in population. There were still few residents by the 1930s, with only the following six families listed as residing in the area: Ranger, Parson, Ayres, Sherburd, Chamberlain and Keeble. The area enjoyed greater growth during the post-war period. At the beginning of 1947 there were 57 families in the area, and by the end of the year there were 343.

title: Blackmans Bay, Tasmania


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Providence Reds

The Providence Reds were a hockey team that played in the Canadian-American Hockey League (CAHL) between 1926 and 1936 and the American Hockey League (AHL) from 1936 to 1977, the last season of which they played as the Rhode Island Reds. The team won the Calder Cup in 1938, 1940, 1949, and 1956. The Reds played at the Rhode Island Auditorium, located on North Main Street in Providence, Rhode Island, from 1926 through 1972, when the team affiliated with the New York Rangers and moved into the newly built Providence Civic Center. The team name came from the breed of chicken known as the Rhode Island Red.

When the North American Hockey League folded in 1977, the Broome Dusters acquired the Reds franchise and moved them to Binghamton, New York, where they were known as the Binghamton Dusters, Binghamton Whalers, and Binghamton Rangers. In 1997 the franchise was sold to Madison Square Garden and then moved to become the Hartford Wolf Pack. On November 27, 2010, they were renamed the Connecticut Whale to honor the NHL's Hartford Whalers; but changed their name back to the Wolf Pack in 2013. It is the oldest continuously operating minor-league hockey franchise in North America, having fielded a team in one form or another since 1926 in the CAHL. It is also the only AHL franchise to have never missed a season.

The AHL returned to Providence in 1992 in the form of the Providence Bruins. Formed in 2001, The Rhode Island Reds Heritage Society commemorates the existence of the franchise and keeps the memory alive. Their pinnacle event is an annual reunion that takes place during the first weekend in August.

Coaches

 * Jimmy Gardner (1926–29)
 * Sprague Cleghorn (1929–31)
 * Billy Coutu (1933–34)
 * Albert "Battleship" Leduc (1936–37)
 * Frederick "Bun" Cook (1938–39, 1940–43)
 * Johnny Mitchell (1943–44)
 * Irwin Boyd (1944–46)
 * Terry Reardon (1947–53)
 * Pat Egan (1953–55)
 * Jack Crawford (1955–60)
 * Phil Watson (1960–61)
 * Fern Flaman (1961–65)
 * Ivan Irwin (1965–66)
 * Dave Creighton (1969–70)
 * Larry Wilson (1971–72)
 * Larry Popein (1972–73)
 * John Muckler (1973–76)

Season-by-season results

 * Providence Reds 1926–1936 (Canadian-American Hockey League)
 * Providence Reds 1936–1976 ((International-)American Hockey League)
 * Rhode Island Reds 1976–1977 (American Hockey League)

Affiliations
Per HockeyDB:
 * Boston Bruins (1936–1938, 1958–1962, 1963–1969)
 * California Seals (1969–1971)
 * Chicago Black Hawks (1939–1941)
 * Colorado Rockies (1976–77)
 * New England Whalers (1976–77)
 * New York Rangers (1955–1958, 1971–1976)
 * St. Louis Blues (1968–69, 1975–76)
 * Toronto Maple Leafs (1942–43)

title: Providence Reds


text:
Alan Lowe

Alan Lowe (born July 26, 1961) is a Canadian politician. He served as mayor of Victoria, British Columbia, 1999–2008.

Education
In 1982 Lowe earned a bachelor's degree in environmental studies from the University of Manitoba, and in 1985 he earned a master's degree in architecture from the University of Oregon.

Politics
Alan Lowe was the city's first mayor of Chinese heritage to be elected. At 38 years old he was also one of the youngest candidates ever to win Victoria's mayoral election.

In 1999 Alan Lowe managed to win a hard-fought three-way race versus Bob Friedland of the Victoria Civic Electors on the left and veteran right wing councilor Geoff Young. His campaign slogan was "Aim High, Vote Lowe".

1999 Election Results

 * Alan LOWE 	7,080 	43.59%
 * Bob FRIEDLAND 5,626 	34.64%
 * Geoff YOUNG 	3,076 	18.94%

The accepted opinion in the next election was that Lowe was unassailable and therefore no serious candidates chose to challenge him. He handily won the 2002 election (61.65% of the popular vote) against a number of opponents, including his closest contender, Ben Isitt, then a 24-year-old master's student at the University of Victoria.

Alan Lowe won re-election in the 2005 elections. He again faced Ben Isitt and defeated him by 1,400 votes. Lowe's completion of the new police headquarters building and the Save On Foods Memorial Centre were very positive for his public relations. The arena project was not finished under the tenure of his predecessor mayor, Robert "Bob" Cross, former owner of Cross Meat Market.

In the December 5, 2007, edition of the Victoria Times Colonist newspaper, Lowe stated that he would like to spend more time with his family, friends, other interests and would not seek re-election. He served on Victoria City Council for 15 years as a councillor and mayor.

title: Alan Lowe