text:
User talk:MajorB

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G'day.

Welcome to Wikipedia. I'm afraid your articles on Weirdo Jace, Moose Head and Weirdo Jace Moose Head are likely to be deleted. We don't normally list unreleased work or work in progress. Drop me a line on my talk page if you want to discuss this, or join the discussion on VfD. Andrewa 07:23, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Oh my God! What a moron! Can't this doofus do anything right? He spls lik dis! Ugh! This person is a talentless hack and a disgrace to Wikipedia!!! KILL HIM!!!!!!! MajorB 14:39, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Making death threats, even on your own talk page, is grounds for being banned from wikipedia. Please respect others at all times. Gentgeen 22:41, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Woah, hold on there. It's just a humorous line making fun oif those long "This user sucks and contributes nothing to Wikipedia!" usertalk discussions. It's just a joke. and besides...it's...umm...talking...about...me. MajorB 22:45, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for writing up that Matrix box. I turned it into a template (Template:Matrix) and I'm applying it to all the pages it links to. Just a cool feature of Wikipedia to help with that sort of thing :) — Phil Welch 20:54, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

 * You're welcome. I had no idea if the box was going to be shot down or used, so I really sould be thanking you...MajorB 20:58, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

Poll at Syd Barrett
I have a poll going at the Talk:Syd Barrett page. Would you like to participate and help us solve an issue? TheQuandry 01:36, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

Flaming Lips WikiProject
is up for deletion, see Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:WikiProject The Flaming Lips. I'll join and post a Keep. Let's keep it alive. --Rajah 15:34, 4 March 2007 (UTC) I think we should push for Flaming Lips, Zaireeka, and Wayne Coyne. Zaireeka is a good choice because of the online chapter from the book which can serve as a useful reference. That being said, I will do minor stuff on all the other articles as well. --Rajah 05:45, 14 March 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Okay I'll Admit (Disc 1).ogg)
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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Okay I'll Admit (Disc 2).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Okay I'll Admit (Disc 2).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Okay I'll Admit (Disc 3).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Okay I'll Admit (Disc 3).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Okay I'll Admit (Disc 4).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Okay I'll Admit (Disc 4).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Okay I'll Admit (stereo mixdown).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Okay I'll Admit (stereo mixdown).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Riding to Work (Disc 1).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Riding to Work (Disc 1).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Riding to Work (Disc 2).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Riding to Work (Disc 2).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Riding to Work (Disc 3).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Riding to Work (Disc 3).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Riding to Work (Disc 4).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Riding to Work (Disc 4).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Riding to Work (stereo mixdown).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Riding to Work (stereo mixdown).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Machine in India (Disc 1).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Machine in India (Disc 1).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Machine in India (Disc 2).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Machine in India (Disc 2).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Machine in India (Disc 3).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Machine in India (Disc 3).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Machine in India (Disc 4).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Machine in India (Disc 4).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Machine in India (stereo mixdown).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Machine in India (stereo mixdown).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Train Runs Over (Disc 1).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Train Runs Over (Disc 1).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Train Runs Over (Disc 2).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Train Runs Over (Disc 2).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Train Runs Over (Disc 3).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Train Runs Over (Disc 3).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Train Runs Over (Disc 4).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Train Runs Over (Disc 4).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - Train Runs Over (stereo mixdown).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - Train Runs Over (stereo mixdown).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - How Will We Know (Disc 1).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - How Will We Know (Disc 1).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - How Will We Know (Disc 2).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - How Will We Know (Disc 2).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - How Will We Know (Disc 3).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - How Will We Know (Disc 3).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - How Will We Know (Disc 4).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - How Will We Know (Disc 4).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Orphaned fair use image (Image:The Flaming Lips - How Will We Know (stereo mixdown).ogg)
Thanks for uploading Image:The Flaming Lips - How Will We Know (stereo mixdown).ogg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

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Sig test
- MajorB <talk> <contribs> 02:54, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

test - MajorB <talk> <contribs> - 02:55, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Flaming Lips Wikiproject
I'm a big Flaming Lips Fan, what can I do to help on the Project? Kdwman 22:09, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Pink Floyd The Wall
You have edited the information about the songs which didn't appear, but the song "Is There Anybody Out There?" is in the movie, in the scene where Pink tries to "rebuild" his hotel room, just watch it again. Black Condor 10:03, 25 May 2007 (UTC)
 * You are correct, sir. That's what happens when I don't get enough sleep! - MajorB <talk> <contribs> - 10:46, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

Hey Brandon
Hey this is Bob from digital electronics, I lost your email address! Feel free to post it on my talk page, or some other way I can get in contact with you. Webtwopointoh<talk>

Untitled X-Files Sequel
Hi, the article Untitled X-Files Sequel has been nominated for a merge-redirect with The X-Files (film). As you created the article, it was only polite to notify you of this, should you wish to comment. See the discussion, here. Best regards, Liquidfinale (Ţ) (Ç) (Ŵ) 15:31, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Geldof_wall.jpg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Geldof_wall.jpg. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in Wikipedia articles constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use. Suggestions on how to do so can be found here. http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:MajorB&action=edit Editing User talk:MajorB - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

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Photomatiqet
Hi! im writing because Flaming lips article doesnt have a main photo, why? i've read some discussion pages and others stuff, but maybe there`s an explanaon in some place i didnt see. such a colorful band Must have a good and representative photo!. i finished Kevin Ayers translation from english to spanish (im writing from Argentina) a few days ago and i think im going to do the same with flamings article (in the future i will add some improvements to both, but this requires a little more work that a translation). if you made a wikiproyect for this band i guess the article must be good. Do i have your confirmation about the quality of the article? i hope (im kind of joking but i would like to make a translation of valuable information too). Tell me if you are going to search a photo (in wiki-commons are some great pics but would be better to find the perfect one, with all member of the band). Im waiting for your answer. Good bye and good luck!!

Neotex555 (talk) 05:39, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

Image:Zdiscs.JPG
Hallo MajorB, I wanted to ask if you could put this image under a free licence. I'm not to sure about American law, but I'm pretty sure that in European countries, this image could be used because the disc-art isn't arty enough ;) (compare Threshold of originality). Writing an article about Zaireeka in German is a long-term goal of mine, and it would be neat if I could use this image then. If you don't want to tag the image with a licence, it would also be fine if you said rigt here that it would be okay to use the image in countries that allow it under whatever free licence you like, because then I could link to your statement, which would be sufficient. Kind regards, --NoCultureIcons (talk) 19:28, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

NoCultureIcons- I think putting it under a free license here may be a bit haughty but if you think that you can get away with it on the German Wikipedia and any other country that would support such a license then go right ahead. Keep in mind that what we're worried about isn't the logo but the overall graphic design of the disc art which has a specific layout as well as the trademark four-dot design above the "I" in "Zaireeka," and also incorporates the Warner Bros. Records logo. I think it would be interesting to have this looked at by someone with far greater knowledge of copyright law- I'd make it free in an instant if I could. - MajorB <talk> <contribs> - 20:18, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
 * OK, so I asked at the forum for copyright-questions on de:Wikipedia, and the answer basically was that it was definitely not a problem on German Wikipedia and probably not on Commons, either (I would have hoped for a couple more answers, but if that guy had written rubbish, someone would have said so, there are a few pretty mean attorneys visiting that forum every day, who love to put people in their place... just what you would expect from German jurists ;). The point you are making about trademark design is seen as far less problematic on de, mostly because there have been court decisions, even by the Bundesverfassungsgericht (German supreme court) that said that stuff like this was not protectable. That's also why we do have loads of logos on de:WP, even though "fair use" is not accepted there. --NoCultureIcons (talk) 22:31, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

No content in Category:Non-article The Flaming Lips pages
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Category:Non-article The Flaming Lips pages, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Category:Non-article The Flaming Lips pages has been empty for at least four days, and its only content has been links to parent categories. (CSD C1). To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Category:Non-article The Flaming Lips pages, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that '''this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. To see the user who deleted the page, click here''' CSDWarnBot (talk) 18:58, 29 January 2009 (UTC)

License tagging for File:Once beyond hoplessness vinyl.png
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File:Once beyond hoplessness vinyl.png listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:Once beyond hoplessness vinyl.png, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Peripitus (Talk) 08:08, 31 December 2009 (UTC)

MfD nomination of WikiProject The Flaming Lips
WikiProject The Flaming Lips, a page you substantially contributed to, has been nominated for deletion. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Wikipedia:WikiProject The Flaming Lips & and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of WikiProject The Flaming Lips during the discussion but should not remove the miscellany for deletion template from the top of the page; such a removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Ten Pound Hammer, his otters and a clue-bat • (Many otters • One bat • One hammer) 19:27, 9 April 2010 (UTC)

Userbox
Are you okay with User:MajorB/Userboxes/WP Flips being deleted since the wikiproject in question no longer exists? Ten Pound Hammer, his otters and a clue-bat • (Many otters • One bat • One hammer) 20:36, 28 April 2010 (UTC)

Non-free rationale for File:The Flaming Lips - She Don't Use Jelly.ogg
Thanks for uploading or contributing to File:The Flaming Lips - She Don't Use Jelly.ogg. I notice the file page specifies that the file is being used under non-free content criteria, but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia is acceptable. Please go to the file description page, and edit it to include a non-free rationale.

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Problems with upload of File:The Terror cover.jpg
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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Copying within Wikipedia requires proper attribution
Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. It appears that you copied or moved text from Mario + Rabbids Kingdom Battle into Mario (franchise). While you are welcome to re-use Wikipedia's content, here or elsewhere, Wikipedia's licensing does require that you provide attribution to the original contributor(s). When copying within Wikipedia, this is supplied at minimum in an edit summary at the page into which you've copied content, disclosing the copying and linking to the copied page, e.g.,. It is good practice, especially if copying is extensive, to also place a properly formatted copied template on the talk pages of the source and destination. The attribution has been provided for this situation, but if you have copied material between pages before, even if it was a long time ago, please provide attribution for that duplication. You can read more about the procedure and the reasons at Copying within Wikipedia. Thank you. If you are the sole author of the prose that was moved, attribution is not required. — Diannaa 🍁 (talk) 22:56, 28 February 2018 (UTC)

Wikipedia:WAFFLES listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect WAFFLES. Since you had some involvement with the Wikipedia:WAFFLES redirect, you might want to participate in the redirect discussion if you have not already done so. Steel1943 (talk) 20:24, 15 June 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:MajorB


text:
Thomas G. Jones

Thomas Goode Jones (November 26, 1844 – April 28, 1914) was an Alabama lawyer, politician, and military officer. He served in the Alabama legislature and as Governor of Alabama. He later became United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama.

Family and early life
He was born on November 26, 1844, in Vineville (now Macon, Georgia) to Martha Goode (1821–1861) and her husband, railroad builder Samuel Jones (1815–1886), who had moved to Georgia in 1839 to become an assistant engineer on the Monroe Railroad, which soon declared bankruptcy. Despite financial problems around Thomas's birth, Samuel Goode would become an engineer on various other railroads in Alabama and Florida, one of Alabama's early industrialists, and briefly, an Alabama legislator representing Lee County, Alabama.

He also remarried during the Civil War to Aurora Serena Elmore, who was descended from Representative Joseph Brevard of South Carolina and would bear seven boys (Thomas's half-brothers) during their marriage.

Shortly before the war began, Samuel Jones completed the Alabama and Florida Railroad, which supplied the Confederate Navy Yard in Pensacola, Florida. He also helped establish the Chewacla Lime Works, the Montgomery and Talladega Sulphur Mines, and the Muscogee Lumber Company and completed a railroad line connecting Montgomery and Selma, Alabama, shortly before the Civil War ended, and then the Savannah and Memphis Railroad.

Even more than the Jones family, the Goodes were among the First Families of Virginia. John Goode had arrived in Virginia via Barbados before 1661 and established a tobacco plantation in Henrico County. His descendant Samuel Goode, of Chesterfield County, served as a lieutenant during the American Revolutionary War and as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates and the US House of Representatives. His son Thomas Goode (1787–1858), Martha's father, helped establish the Homestead European-style spa in Wythe County, Virginia.

The Jones traced their descent from Captain Roger Jones, who commanded a British naval vessel in Chesapeake Bay in 1680 and whose youngest son, Thomas, settled near Fortress Monroe in what became Brunswick County, Virginia. Thomas's descendant John Jones represented Brunswick County in the Virginia House of Burgesses and became a captain in a Virginia regiment during the American Revolutionary War. His son Dr. Thomas Williamson Jones (1788–1824), graduated from the University of North Carolina before he married Mary Armistead Goode. Their eldest son, Samuel Goode Jones, studied at Williams College in Massachusetts and at Newark College (now the University of Delaware) before he married Martha Goode. In 1849, Samuel Jones moved his young family to Montgomery, Alabama, while he was the Montgomery and West Point Railroad engineer.

Thomas had a sister, Mary, who had been born in Atlanta in 1847 and would have five more siblings who survived infancy before the Civil War began and seven half-brothers from his father's second marriage. In any event, he was not educated at home but was sent to Charlottesville, Virginia, to study at a preparatory academy by Charles Minor and Gessner Harrison. In the summer of 1860, he began to attend the Virginia Military Institute, and fellow cadets elected him as a sergeant.

During the Civil War, in winter quarters in Petersburg, Virginia, Jones had begun studying William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England. After the war, he failed as a planter. He clerked for the Alabama and Florida Railroad, and thanks to his father, Jones read law with John A. Elmore and then in a night class with Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice Abram J. Walker.

Military career

South Carolina declared secession from the United States before Jones's first semester ended. On May 1, 1861, after Virginia's secession vote, about 200 cadets (including Jones) joined Professor and Major General Stonewall Jackson in fighting for the Confederate States Army. Jones later recalled that his first duty was burying the dead after the Battle of McDowell. The cadets marched with Jackson's men until May 16, 1861, when the school summoned them back and later awarded them honorary degrees. Meanwhile, Jones returned to Montgomery and enlisted as a private in the Partisan Rangers, Company K of the 53rd Alabama Regiment, but he was soon promoted to sergeant. The unit fought at the Battle of Thompson's Station, in Tennessee, and Jones received a lieutenant's commission after he had led the unit despite his battle wound; both the company's captain and lieutenant had been wounded and abandoned the field.

Jones was appointed aide de camp to General John Brown Gordon and accompanied the Army of Northern Virginia during the Gettysburg Campaign, including as a messenger when Gordon requested permission to attack Cemetery Ridge but was denied during the Battle of Gettysburg. Jones also fought in the Siege of Petersburg, the Battle of the Wilderness, and the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. Jones also fought with Gordon during Jubal Early's campaign that reached the outskirts of Washington, D.C., and at the defeats during the Third Battle of Winchester and the Battle of Cedar Creek in late 1864. During the Battle of Cedar Creek, both sides respected Jones's courage in rescuing a girl caught in the crossfire between armies. He also received praise for rescuing a wounded Ohio soldier. Thus, Jones fought in the Confederate States Army from 1862 to 1865, rising to major. On April 9, 1865, he physically carried the truce flag on his sword while under fire, delivering Lee's surrender, and he witnessed the final ceremony at Appomattox Court House.

Postwar career and politics
Returning from the Civil War, Goode claimed an inheritance from his mother and purchased 750 acres in southern Montgomery County, Alabama in 1865. Still, he failed as a farmer and moved in with his mother-in-law in Montgomery by 1869. Crushing debts, low cotton prices, and Black Friday would cause him to lose the farm in 1870.

Meanwhile, Jones became editor of the Montgomery Daily Picayune and read law in 1868, which helped his transition to his later career. Admitted to the Alabama bar in 1868, Jones began a private legal practice in Montgomery. Until November 1868, Jones worked as a lawyer and editor with Judge Walker's brother, Hal Walker. The Daily Picayune allied with the Democratic Party, decried "Negro rule," and proposed racial segregation although, unlike more radical newspapers, it also advocated educating black children. Jones also became a member of the local Democratic Party, initially opposing groups allegedly trying to prevent the counting of votes for Democrat Robert B. Lindsay for governor. However, others characterize such efforts as intimidating black voters. Democrats ended Republican rule in Alabama in 1874, after an election in which Jones led about 100 armed Democrats who patrolled Montgomery on Election Day to intimidate Republican voters. Jones' appointment as the reporter of decisions for the Supreme Court of Alabama by Chief Justice Elisha Peck also helped sustain his legal practice from 1870 to 1880.

By 1874, Jones joined a law firm with former Alabama Chief Justice Samuel F. Rice, despite Rice's alliance with the Republican Party during Reconstruction. However, he resigned during a depot dispute between Montgomery and Rice's client, the South and North Alabama Railroad. The Louisville and Nashville Railroad later became one of Jones' major clients, including the Capitol City Water Works Company, Western Union Telegraph Company, Southern Express Company, and the Standard Oil Company. By 1898, Jones partnered with his half-brother Charles Pollard Jones.

Jones also wrote one of the earliest codes of legal ethics in 1887, adopted by the Alabama Bar Association and incorporated into the American Bar Association Code of Professional Ethics in 1907.

After the war, Jones helped organize the Alabama National Guard. However, his initial efforts to reorganize the Montgomery True Blues as the Governor's Guards ended up being disbanded by federal authorities in 1868.

Jones often spoke for reconciliation between the United States and the formerly Confederate states, first at a Memorial Day address in 1874 that became widely republished nationwide, and newly elected Governor George S. Houston named Jones his aide-de-camp for military affairs by year's end. In 1877, the Grand Army of the Republic presented Jones with a gold medal for his peace efforts. He also spoke at Jefferson Davis's last visit to Montgomery in 1886 and gave Memorial Day addresses in Atlanta in 1887 and at the tomb of Ulysses Grant in New York City in 1902. In 1874, the Governor's Guards offered their services to Governor Houston, and in 1881, they were officially organized as Alabama state troops. In 1876, Jones resigned as aide de camp and became a captain of the Montgomery Greys. Four years later, the Second Regiment elected Jones as their commander. He oversaw their use, including saving a black man from lynching during the Posey Riot of December 1883 and a white man in Birmingham in December 1888.

Jones ultimately sought political office as a Democrat. First, he served on the Montgomery City Council, representing Ward 4 from 1874 to 1884, when he won an election as a member of the Alabama House of Representatives, where he served from 1884 to 1888 when he declined to seek re-election. During his second term, he became its speaker (1886 to 1888) and advocated funding the state militia and creating the state capital complex to house state government records. To the surprise of some, given his railroad clientele, Jones also cast a tie-breaking vote making railroads liable for work-related injuries and opposed Governor Edward A. O'Neal's efforts to control the Alabama Railroad Commission. Instead of running for re-election to the legislature, Jones returned to private practice to raise funds to campaign for governor, which was successful. He defeated the farmer Reuben Kolb and several others in the Democratic convention after several ballots and Republican candidate Benjamin M. Long handily in the general election. Jones was the Governor of Alabama from 1890 to 1894.

In his first two-year term as governor, Jones proposed a constitutional amendment to allow long legislative sessions and local communities to levy taxes to finance education and internal improvements. He also opposed contrivances to disenfranchise blacks, such as educational and property requirements, and he denounced proposals to limit tax revenues from white taxpayers for white schools as unconstitutional. Although by no means a racial-egalitarian, Jones also opposed Alabama's convict leasing system despite the propaganda that it helped establish white supremacy as well as a frugal state government Ironically, Jones both assumed office during a strike by coal miners who opposed unfair competition from leased convicts, which he initially resolved with the United Mine Workers by appointing a health and safety commissioner, and ended his second term dealing with a strike by Birmingham miners against the Tennessee Coal Iron and Railroad Company in which he called out state troops after hiring of black scabs provoked violence; the strike was widened by Eugene V. Debs to join the Pullman Strike.

Despite Seay's boasts after cutting state taxes, the state was also nearly bankrupt, and the legislature, during his second term, refused to increase corporate taxes, as Jones had suggested.

Politics proved tumultuous, and Jones's attempts at replacing his former political rival Reuben Kolb as agricultural commissioner in his first term nearly proved pyrrhic. The Alabama Supreme Court approved the governor's new agricultural commissioner appointee when Kolb refused to vacate at the end of his term, and Kolb ran as an independent for governor in the next general election and narrowly lost to Jones, just like in the Democratic primary, which Kolb attributed to Jones's over-representation in the state's Black Belt.

Jones would continue to dispute Kolb's contention that the 1892 election had been stolen until his death. Alabama House Speaker Frank L. Pettus and Senate President John C Compton were also from the Black Belt and ignored Kolb's investigation request. Ironically, given his overt white supremacist language, Kolb's attempts to link his Farmers' Alliance with the Populist candidate for president, former U.S. Army General James B. Weaver, may also have doomed his candidacy, many Alabamians supporting neither the Republican presidential candidate, Benjamin Harrison nor Weaver.

Two weeks after Jones announced that state troops would remain in Birmingham until the miners' strike ended, on August 8, 1894, Kolb again lost his bid to become Alabama's governor, this time to Democrat William Calvin Oates, who, unlike Jones, supported the convict leasing system. Expenses incurred during his gubernatorial term would haunt Jones for the rest of his life.

Jones's life insurance went to pay off the mortgage incurred during his governorship. Thus, he did not challenge John Tyler Morgan for the US Senate seat but remained politically active in supporting US President Grover Cleveland. Jones became a Gold Democrat rather than supporting William Jennings Bryan, despite continued criticism from Kolb. However, the Gold Democrats got only 6,453 votes in Alabama, compared to Bryan's 107,137, and so Jones's political capital in the state also seemed to be finished.

Jones rehabilitated his political fortunes in 1897 by remaining in Montgomery, despite a yellow fever epidemic in the coastal South, his policies being fumigation, prompt burials, and a quarantine supported by armed guards. The 11 people who died in Montgomery were part of at least 71 in the whole state.

Federal judicial service
Jones received a recess appointment from President Theodore Roosevelt on October 7, 1901, to a joint seat on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama vacated by Judge John Bruce. President Roosevelt nominated him to the same position on December 5, 1901. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 17, 1901, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on April 28, 1914, because he died in Montgomery.

Jones was considered a moderate during his time on the bench. He opposed labor unions but supported the 14th Amendment and was a friend of black leader Booker T. Washington, to whom Jones owed his appointment as a federal judge. Roosevelt, also a friend of Washington, asked him to name a Southern Democrat he thought would qualify as a federal judge. Washington endorsed Jones for that position.

During his tenure, Judge Jones heard civil rights cases, took stands against lynching and refused to allow the state's convict lease system to become de facto slavery. Those stands became unpopular in the white community for holding that federal law permitted the protection of black people.

Death and legacy
His health deteriorated during the seven years while he oversaw a case in which railroads contested new rates set by the Alabama legislature. It was twice addressed by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals and had certiorari denied by the United States Supreme Court. In the winter of 1912–13, Jones contracted pneumonia and recovered in Florida.

Although he returned to his duties in Alabama by November 1913, he again soon took a leave of absence for health reasons. He had been bedridden for weeks before he lost consciousness on April 26, 1914, and died two days later. Hundreds attended his funeral in Oakwood Cemetery, including many African Americans.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Thomas G. Jones


text:
The Rez

The Rez is a Canadian drama television series, which aired on CBC Television from 1996 to 1998. Bruce McDonald and Norman Jewison were executive producers of the series, which chronicled life in an Ojibwe community. The series is based on the short story collection Dance Me Outside by W. P. Kinsella and its 1994 film adaptation by McDonald. It was cancelled after two seasons.

Cast

 * Ryan Rajendra Black - Silas Crow
 * Jennifer Podemski - Sadie Maracle
 * Darrell Dennis - Frank Fencepost
 * Tamara Podemski - Lucy Pegahmagabow
 * Elaine Miles - Mad Etta (season 2)
 * Gary Farmer - Chief Tom
 * Adam Beach - (played Frank Fencepost in Dance Me Outside, but was recast in the series as "Charlie")
 * Kari Matchett- Tanya Nanibush
 * Patricia Collins - Eleanor Nanibush
 * Herbie Barnes - Joseph Crow
 * Monique Mojica - Mad Etta (Season 1)
 * Shirley Cheechoo - Simone Crow

Production
Bruce McDonald was executive producer with Norman Jewison. Most of the characters were based on W. P. Kinsella's short story collection Dance Me Outside, which had been made into a film by McDonald.

The series was filmed in the Parry Sound region at Harrison Landing in Carling Township. All episodes run around 23 minutes.

The name of the reservation, "Kidabaneesee", is a word made up by the producers.

Episodes and synopsis

 * Initial Movie (1994) : Dance Me Outside (84 minutes)

 * Season 1 (1996–1997)

 * 1) Dressed Like a Fish - The marina's owner dies. For fun Frank stages his own mock funeral with the others. Who will take over the marina?
 * 2) Golf and Politics - Sadie organizes a boycott against the bar/marina and insists that Silas and Frank quit working for Eleanor, the new owner.
 * 3) A Little Revealing - Sadie showcases her revealing wear to Silas after Silas is asked to become a male stripper.
 * 4) The Longhouse - Frank locks Lucy in a shack in hopes she will think and reconsider her plans to leave for Toronto.
 * 5) The Lark - Silas' mentally impaired brother goes to a group home.
 * 6) Dirty Girls, Kill Kill! - Frank hires strippers to fight in a vat of pudding to raise money. Sadie is upset by what she sees as sexism.

 * Season 2 (1997–1998)

 * 1) Strange Bedfellows - A stranger comes to run for chief versus Chief Tom. Sadie backs him at first, until Charlie digs up his past (and present) behavior.
 * 2) They Call Her Tanya - Eleanor's daughter is introduced to the Rez. All the boys are looking her way.
 * 3) Poster Girl - Local girls are asked to try out to become a cover-girl for a clothing line. Sadie is against it at first, but—when she is chosen as the model—she changes her tune.
 * 4) Like Father, Like Son - Silas' birth father comes back to the Rez, but Silas is not happy about it. His father is given the sentence of living alone on an island to win back the respect of the locals.
 * 5) Granted - The reservation band announces a $5000 youth grant.
 * 6) Lust - Silas' challenged brother, Joseph, traumatizes a young girl with unwanted touch.
 * 7) Windigo - Silas and Frank think they are cursed and must fight and defeat the Windigo spirit.
 * 8) No Way to Treat a Lady - Frank likes Tanya, but Tanya likes Charlie, which causes friction at a party. More friction is happening elsewhere when Eleanor and Simone are being hit on by three troublemakers at a bar.
 * 9) A Rock and a Hard Place - Charlie and Tanya's relationship grows. Meanwhile, he, Silas and Frank are working for a racist construction foreman. Frank gets revenge on the foreman in an explosive finale.
 * 10) Der deutsche Indianer - A German historian comes to the Rez to learn some native stories from Silas and Frank. The only problem is that he knows more native stories and history than the boys do.
 * 11) Too Many Chiefs - Sadie takes over from Chief Tom.
 * 12) No Reservations Part 1 - Silas finds Sadie in bed with another man. Frank sees Lucy working the streets of Toronto.
 * 13) No Reservations Part 2 - Frank tries to rescue Lucy from working the streets. Silas wants Sadie back.

Awards and nominations
At the 1997 Gemini Awards, Jennifer Podemski was nominated for "Best Performance by an Actress in a Continuing Leading Dramatic Role" for the episode "Golf and Politics".

At the 1998 Gemini Awards, Patricia Collins was nominated for "Actress in a Featured Supporting Role in a Dramatic Series" for the episode "They Call Her Tanya". Producer Brian Dennis was also awarded the Canada Choice Award for this episode. Also at the 1998 Gemini Awards, Ryan Rajendra Black was nominated for "Best Performance by an Actor in a Continuing Leading Dramatic Role" for the episode "Lust".

Etymology for Title of Film
The word rez is American English for reservation and signifies an area of land held and governed by Native American tribal nation that is legally recognized by the United States federal government.

title: The Rez


text: User talk:68.250.113.84

title: User talk:68.250.113.84


text:
Footprint (satellite)

The footprint of a communications satellite is the ground area that its transponders offer coverage, and determines the satellite dish diameter required to receive each transponder's signal. There is usually a different map for each transponder (or group of transponders), as each may be aimed to cover different areas.

Footprint maps usually show either the estimated minimum satellite dish diameter required or the signal strength in each area measured in dBW.

title: Footprint (satellite)


text:
Interstate 575

Interstate 575 (I-575) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway in the United States, which branches off I-75 in Kennesaw and connects the Atlanta metropolitan area with the North Georgia mountains, extending 30.97 mi. I-575 is also the unsigned State Route 417 (SR 417) and is cosigned as SR 5. I-575 begins in northern Cobb County near Kennesaw and goes mostly through Cherokee County, ending at its northern border with Pickens County, where it continues as SR 515. It is also the Phillip M. Landrum Memorial Highway in honor of Phillip M. Landrum (1907–1990), who was a Representative from Georgia. It is entirely concurrent with Georgia State Route 5.

Route description
For almost all of its length, I-575 has two lanes in each direction, with a road median of grass, along with crape myrtle (a locally-common landscaping tree) or wildflowers, both of which are summer-flowering. Each direction has one truck lane for climbing uphill (miles 12 to 13 northbound, miles 10 to 9 southbound), two extended acceleration lanes (north from Towne Lake Parkway and south from Marietta Highway), and two auxiliary lanes (connecting Bells Ferry and Chastain Roads).

The city of Holly Springs recently annexed land to Sixes Road. Other cities that have annexed I-575 include Canton and Ball Ground.

I-575 crosses the Little River between Woodstock and Holly Springs and has four bridges over the Etowah River in northeastern Canton as it flows under the southern half of the Riverstone Parkway (former SR 5) exit. It also crosses Noonday Creek between Barrett Parkway and Chastain Road at the northeast corner of Town Center at Cobb regional mall. That stream roughly follows the freeway northward on the east side of the road, passing alongside the northbound ramp to SR 92 and then crossing back under to the northwest just before Towne Lake Parkway.

At the Canton and Holly Springs exit, the two city limits meet. Here, the road (old SR 5) was realigned to cross I-575 at a more perpendicular angle when I-575 was constructed. This left two dead-end streets: Hiram Way in Holly Springs and Travis Tritt Lane in Canton. Just north of here, I-575 crosses Univeter Road.

The entire length of I-575 is part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility, and defense.

History
I-575 was mostly constructed as a suburban spur highway, intended to serve an undeveloped area for future settlement, rather than as one to relieve traffic or to link I-75 to an existing city or large town (On the other hand, I-985 was built as a link between I-85 and the preexisting city of Gainesville.) It has since accelerated land development and population growth in the area far beyond what the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) predicted, essentially causing its own traffic. (After just 20 years, it carried as many cars per day as it was expected to in 40 years.)

The first stage of I-575 was constructed in 1979 from I-75 to SR 92 near Woodstock and was opened to traffic on October 16, 1980. The next section to SR 20 began construction in 1981 and was opened on March 29, 1985, as far north as exit 11 (now mile 20). The section between the original exit 8 (now exit 16A) and exit 10 (now exit 19) was originally part of the Canton Bypass (SR 20), which was constructed in 1978. The final portion of I-575 to past Howell Bridge Road and SR 372 opened later, and that extended the highway to its present length of 31 mi, although the northernmost mile (1 mi) given in this length was not constructed up to Interstate Highway standards since it extends past a surface (at-grade) intersection. This final portion north of Canton was constructed of concrete rather than asphalt, and narrow black lines run on either side of the white lane markings.

In 2000, Georgia switched over from a sequential exit numbering system to a mileage-based exit numbering system.

The road was last repaved in mid-2009, with funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

Auxiliary lanes
In February 2006, GDOT let two bids to add auxiliary lanes in both directions on the road shoulder, in between two pairs of short-spaced exits. The larger project was in Woodstock between SR 92 and Towne Lake Parkway, where nearly $2 million (equivalent to $ in ) were spent. This was in a mainly grassy area next to a recreational vehicle dealership on the east (northbound) side. On the opposite side, it required a noise barrier wall north of Dupree Road because of its proximity to existing homes. The other bid was for a much shorter distance of just a few yards or meters on the northeast side of Canton, between SR 20 (Cumming Highway) and SR 5 Business (SR 5 Bus, Riverstone Parkway).

Relocation of SR 5
I-575 is now cosigned throughout its length with SR 5, which was completely removed from its former alignment in 1985–1986 over a nearly 70 mi stretch from Marietta all the way to north of Ellijay—far beyond the I-575 terminal point. SR 205 was also deleted when I-575 opened in Cherokee County in 1985, returning what is now the northernmost part of Bells Ferry Road to local responsibility. Part of its old route was briefly designated by a state project route number that appeared on maps as SR 754. This mostly consisted of a widening project planned on the route. The counties along the way did not want to fund it since the route had been state-maintained and then returned to county maintenance in 1986. When Woodstock rejected that widening project (as it would have destroyed its downtown area), SR 754 was truncated south of SR 92, and it was fully turned back in 2001 when the entire project was completed. SR 754 was not signed; however, it continued to appear on Google Maps and other Web mapping services until the mid-2010s. SR 205 has yet to be removed from Google Maps and is still shown on the northern end of Bells Ferry Road.

Most of the former SR 5 did not get such treatment, and all of it was originally deleted except a portion in Canton designated as SR 5 Bus and another part that joined SR 372 to the new route using part of the old route. Another such SR 5 Bus was added from old SR 5 in Ball Ground in 1989, completing a business loop through Ball Ground that is still largely covered by SR 372. Georgia SR 5 continues northward cosigned with SR 515, Corridor A of the Appalachian Development Highway System. Along this route, SR 5 and SR 5 Alternate (SR 5 Alt) have been abandoned by the state and left to the counties and cities to maintain. The Georgia Northeastern Railroad still follows much of the old route.

SR 20 exit
The I-575 and SR 20 interchange was originally a half trumpet/diamond interchange. Since SR 20 has always been a heavily traveled east–west highway, traffic buildup was a common occurrence. When Sembler Properties initiated plans to construct Canton Marketplace in conjunction with a much larger mixed-use plan (Canton Place), developers sought to redesign the interchange for a more effective design. In 2009, work on the new interchange was completed and has a full diamond interchange with one trumpet to I-575 south from SR 20 west and to Main Street from I-575 north. This is effective because it eliminates the use of traffic signals for two left-turning lanes thereby reducing traffic buildup on the two-lane road in front of Canton Place.

Widening
The southern part of I-575 was slated to be widened to a total of six through lanes in the next few years, as part of the Northwest Corridor Express Lanes plan from the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA). The extra lane in each direction would extend up to Sixes Road and was planned to be an HOV/HOT lane, with special exits at smaller roads that currently do not have any direct access. The GRTA proposes bus rapid transit along the route.

There would also be separate new HOV ramps built to southbound and from northbound I-75. That highway was proposed to have eight lanes added to it, with one pair going straight to I-575. All widening on I-575 would be done in the median.

In 2009, the plan was scaled-back to include two reversible lanes on I-75, with one extending up I-575.

Ridgewalk Parkway/Rope Mill Road
A new exit (designated exit 9) was approved in October 2005 by GDOT at Ridgewalk Parkway (formerly Rope Mill Road), between Towne Lake Parkway and Sixes Road. Projected to cost $22 million, the new exit will consist of a full diamond interchange and a widened overpass, to benefit the Ridgewalk commercial development on private land adjacent to the new exit. In addition, the project is part of a greater plan to create a northern bypass of Woodstock, connecting north of downtown to Arnold Mill Road, in theory helping to relieve some of the congestion in the traffic-prone downtown area. The current east–west connection through downtown is restricted to two lanes since recent development was allowed that blocked one-way Mill Street from being extended eastward (which would have allowed Arnold Mill Road/Towne Lake Parkway to carry only westbound traffic through downtown).

During construction of this section of I-575 in the early 1980s, the current overpass was constructed to provide access to private property and the now-defunct Little River Wildlife Management Area, which was later abandoned by the state. The bridge was also a connection to a severed alignment of new Rope Mill Road west of I-575, which originally ran on a north–south alignment from Woodstock to Lebanon before the bridge over the Little River was removed in the early 1990s. The southernmost part of that alignment of Rope Mill Road was realigned eastward through forest land so as to meet Ridgewalk Parkway across from the northern end of Woodstock Parkway. This was done to accommodate the new northbound entrance ramp and opened in early October 2011.

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) officials had earlier rejected the plan due to its proximity to two other exits. The FHWA later approved the new exit after forcing GDOT to add auxiliary lanes all the way to and from the next exit in both directions, including the cost of widening the Little River bridges and the removal of hillsides, as well as metal walls designed to block noise rather than for their looks. There had also been a plan to put only a half diamond exit on the north side of the road, using Woodstock Parkway on the east side and a new access road on the west side to connect it to Towne Lake, which would then have its ramps on the north side removed. Woodstock Parkway would have become northbound-only, with the new road being southbound only. This was objected to by residents who would have been adjacent to the new road.

Sixes Road widening
Sixes Road was widened from a two-lane road to a four-lane divided highway west of I-575 to Bells Ferry Road, where it continues into the BridgeMill development. The short section east of I-575, to where it ends at old SR 5, has also been widened to four lanes. In 2013, the bridge crossing over I-575 was widened to bring it to four lanes. I-575's ramps were also expanded as well. In addition, a larger shoulder was constructed going north from the new Rope Mill exit.

title: Interstate 575


text:
Hero of Socialist Labour

The Hero of Socialist Labour (Герой Социалистического Труда) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievements in Soviet industry and culture. It provided a similar status to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded for heroic deeds, but differed in that it was not awarded to foreign citizens.

History
The Title "Hero of Socialist Labour" was introduced by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union on December 27, 1938.

Originally, Heroes of Socialist Labour were awarded the highest decoration of the Soviet Union, the Order of Lenin, and a diploma from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. In order to distinguish the Heroes of Socialist Labour from other Order of Lenin recipients, the "Hammer and Sickle" gold medal was introduced by decree of the Presidium on 22 May 1940, to accompany the Order of Lenin and diploma.

The first recipient of the award was Joseph Stalin, awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on December 20, 1939. The second recipient was machine gun designer Vasily Degtyaryov (2 January 1940). The third (and the last before the onset of Operation Barbarossa) was issued to nine weapons designers, including Fedor Tokarev, Boris Shpitalniy, Nikolai Polikarpov, Alexander Yakovlev and Vladimir Klimov. Post-1945 recipients include Mikhail Koshkin, Mikhail Kalashnikov, Nikolai Afanasyev, Emilian Bucov, Alexander Tselikov, Dmitri Shostakovich, Peter Andreevich Tkachev, and Andrei Tupolev.

By September 1, 1971, 16,245 people (11,748 men, 4,497 women) had been awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labour. One hundred and five people (80 men, 25 women) have been awarded multiple "Hammer and Sickle" medals. By 1991, at the dissolution of the Soviet Union, over 20,000 people had been awarded the title.

In the history of the USSR, 16 people became Heroes of Socialist Labour three times:
 * 1) Anatoly Alexandrov
 * 2) Boris Vannikov
 * 3) Nikolai Dukhov
 * 4) Yakov Zeldovich
 * 5) Sergey Ilyushin
 * 6) Mstislav Keldysh
 * 7) Dinmukhamed Kunaev
 * 8) Igor Kurchatov
 * 9) Andrei Sakharov
 * 10) Efim Slavsky
 * 11) Andrei Tupolev
 * 12) Hamroqul Tursunqulov
 * 13) Yulii Khariton
 * 14) Nikita Khrushchev
 * 15) Konstantin Chernenko
 * 16) Kirill Shchelkin

In March 2013, Vladimir Putin issued a decree establishing a title considered to be its successor, "Hero of Labour of the Russian Federation".

Statute
The Honorific title "Hero of Socialist Labour" was awarded by the Presidium to citizens who made significant contributions to the advancement of Soviet industry, agriculture, transportation, trade, science and technology, or otherwise served as exemplary models of the Soviet worker.

Heroes of Socialist Labour who attained further exceptional achievements were awarded a second "Hammer and Sickle" medal and bronze busts of the Heroes were to be constructed in their hometowns to mark the occasion. Thrice Heroes of Socialist Labour were to have their busts placed near the planned Palace of the Soviets, but this was never implemented as the Palace of Soviets was never built.

Only the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union could deprive a person of this title. The insignia "Hero of Socialist Labour", like the "Hero of the Soviet Union" Gold Star Medal, is always worn in full on the left side of the chest and in the presence of other orders and medals, placed above them. If worn with honorific titles of the Russian Federation, the latter have precedence.

Award description
The title "Hero of Socialist Labour" was designed by the artist A. Pomansky. Its gold hammer and sickle insignia was a five-pointed star with smooth dihedral rays on the obverse, the diameter of the circumscribed star was 33.5 mm. In the centre of the obverse, a relief hammer and sickle respectively of 14 and 13 mm. It weighed 15.25 grams. The reverse was plain and was surrounded by a slightly raised rim. In the centre, the relief inscription "Hero of Socialist Labour" ("Герой Социалистического Труда") in 2mm high letters, the award serial number was inscribed just above in 1mm high numbers. The insignia was secured to a standard 25 × 15 mm Soviet square mount by a ring through the suspension loop. The mount was covered by a red silk moiré ribbon. On the reverse of the mount was a threaded stub and nut to secure the award to clothing.

title: Hero of Socialist Labour


text:
Footprint (disambiguation)

A footprint is an impression left by a foot or shoe.

Foot print, footprint or footprints may also refer to:

Literature

 * "Footprints" (poem), a popular allegorical poem and poster
 * Footprints on Sand, 1981 collection by authors L. Sprague de Camp and Catherine Crook de Camp

Albums

 * Footprint (album), by Gary Wright
 * Footprints (Holly Valance album), 2002
 * Footprints (Duncan Mighty album), 2013
 * Footprints (Pat Martino album)
 * Footprints (Tuks Senganga album)
 * Footprints, an album by Karrin Allyson

Songs and compositions

 * "Footprints" (composition), a jazz standard by Wayne Shorter
 * Footprints (Paul McCartney song)
 * Footprints (Róisín Murphy song)
 * "Foot Prints", a song by Yes from the album Keys to Ascension 2
 * "Footprints", a song by G-Unit from the album Beg for Mercy
 * "Footprints", a song by Half Man Half Biscuit on the 1993 album This Leaden Pall
 * "Footprints", a song from Sia Furler's 2016 album This Is Acting
 * "Footprints", a song from Squeeze's 1987 album Babylon and On
 * "Footprints", a song from Tom Gregory's 2021 album Things I Can't Say Out Loud
 * "Footprints", a song by A Tribe Called Quest from the album People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

 * Footprint Center, sports and entertainment arena in Phoenix, Arizona, US
 * Footprint Films (Australia), Australian film distributor
 * Footprint Films (UK), British film production company, producer of Escape from Pretoria
 * Footprints (2011 film), an American drama film
 * Footprints (2015 film), a Canadian documentary film
 * "Footprints" (Slow Horses), a TV episode

Organizations

 * Citizens' Footprint Movement, political party in Colombia
 * Footprint Books, a travel publisher based in Bath, UK, that covers Latin America
 * Footprint (company), a company based in Gilbert, Arizona, US, that makes biodegradable packaging materials

Science and technology

 * Carbon footprint, the carbon dioxide released by a human activity into the atmosphere
 * Digital footprint, or digital shadow, one's unique set of traceable digital activities on the Internet or digital devices
 * Ecological footprint, the environmental impact of a human activity, machine, etc.
 * Footprint (electronics), the layout of electronic connections on a printed circuit board
 * Footprint (satellite), the area of the Earth's surface from which a satellite's signals can be received
 * Footprinting, the technique of gathering information about computer systems
 * Memory footprint, the amount of memory a computer program uses

Other uses

 * Footprint (tent), groundsheet protector
 * Footprint Nebula, a protoplanetary nebula also known as M1-92

title: Footprint (disambiguation)


text:
Edward A. O'Neal

Edward Asbury O'Neal (September 20, 1818 – November 7, 1890) was a Confederate officer during the American Civil War and the 26th Governor of Alabama.

Early life and career
O'Neal was born in Madison County, Alabama, to Edward and Rebecca Wheat O'Neal. His father was a native of Ireland, and his mother was a South Carolinian of French Huguenot ancestry. O'Neal's father died when his son was three months old. After receiving an academic education, including English literature and the classics, O'Neal graduated from LaGrange College (the predecessor of the University of North Alabama) in 1836 at the top of his class with a bachelor of arts. In 1838, he married Olivia Moore, the daughter of Dr. Alfred Moore, and they had nine children. O'Neal studied law with James W. McClung and was admitted to the bar in 1840.

In 1841 O'Neal was elected to Alabama's fourth judicial circuit to fill out an unexpired term and served four years. He strongly believed in secession and advocated that Alabama should secede from the United States during the secession crisis of 1860.

Civil War
In June 1861, O'Neal was commissioned as a captain and commanded three companies of soldiers. Upon reaching Richmond, he was appointed major of the 9th Regiment Alabama Infantry and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in the fall. In March 1862, he was appointed colonel of the 26th Alabama infantry; he commanded this regiment during the Peninsula Campaign. At the Battle of Seven Pines, his horse was killed under him, and a shell fragment severely wounded him. He received high praise for his performance at the Battle of Chancellorsville. In 1863, he commanded a brigade in Maj. Gen. Robert E. Rodes's division, and led it at the Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of Manassas Gap, and at the Battle of Mine Run. Early in 1864, his regiment was sent back to Alabama to recruit its depleted ranks but was quickly ordered to Dalton, Georgia, where O'Neal took command of Brig. Gen. James Cantey's brigade in the Army of Tennessee. O'Neal commanded this brigade during the remainder of the Atlanta Campaign. After Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood was given command of the Army of Tennessee, O'Neal was relieved and served on detached duty for the remainder of the war. He was appointed brigadier general on June 6, 1863. However, this appointment was held up by Gen. Robert E. Lee. The promotion was canceled by Confederate President Jefferson Davis.

Postbellum career
After the war, O'Neal resumed his law career. In August 1875, he was elected to the Alabama Constitutional Convention and served in that convention as chairman of the Committee on Education. In 1880, O'Neal was an elector on the Winfield Scott Hancock campaign for president and made speeches throughout the state advocating Hancock's election. O'Neal served as the Democratic governor of Alabama from 1882 to 1886.

Death and legacy
O'Neal died in Florence, Alabama. His son, Emmet O'Neal, followed in his footsteps and served two terms as Governor of Alabama from 1911 to 1915. The O'Neal Bridge, spanning the Tennessee River between Florence and Sheffield, Alabama, is named in his honor.

title: Edward A. O'Neal


text:
Rufus W. Cobb

Rufus Willis Cobb (February 25, 1829 – November 26, 1913) was an American Democratic politician who was the 25th Governor of Alabama from 1878 to 1882. He is the only person to serve as both Governor of Alabama and Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Alabama at the same time.

Biography
Rufus Wills Cobb was born on February 25, 1829, in Ashville, St. Clair County, Alabama. Cobb's ancestors came to America from England and Wales, settling in Virginia in the colonial era and moving to Alabama in the early 1800s. He was the son of John W. and Catherine (Stevens) Leak Cobb, who lived on a plantation, Cobb Springs, at Ashville. Cobb was educated at an academy in Ashville and graduated from the University of Tennessee, at Knoxville, in 1850. Returning to Ashville, he read law in the office of John C. Thomasson and was admitted to the bar in 1855. He practiced law in St. Clair until he moved to Shelby County, Alabama, in 1867 and became a law partner of B. B. Lewis.

When Alabama declared secession from the United States in 1861, Cobb joined the Confederate States Army as captain of Co. C., Tenth Alabama Infantry Regiment, Forney's brigade, and went to Virginia with that regiment. He remained there until, in 1863, he was assigned to General Joseph Wheeler's cavalry in Tennessee and placed in charge of a scouting party. At the end of the war, Cobb resumed his law practice.

Cobb was elected to the Alabama Senate in 1872 and 1876. During his term in the state senate, he collaborated with Peter Hamilton of Mobile on a plan for readjusting the state debt, which the legislature adopted. Cobb was a friend and advisor of Governor George Smith Houston during Houston's administration.

Cobb was elected governor in 1878 and reelected in 1880. "He had a quiet administration, without striking events." (Owen, p. 357) The population of Alabama was growing; by 1880, the federal census recorded 1,262,505, and the problems of administrative finance and control of the railroads fell to Cobb. "His administration made improvements in tax assessment and reduced the cost of surplus in the state treasury." (Stewart, p. 127)

Also, during Cobb's two terms, the State Railroad Commission, the State Bar Association, and the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute were created. The records of Governor Cobb's administration reflect that prohibition was a significant controversy during his last term. The prohibition forces attempted to pass a statewide local option law but were unsuccessful.

After his term as governor had expired, he retired to private life for a time, but in 1888 accepted the appointment to the office of probate judge of Shelby County. Cobb also served as president of the Central Iron Works at Helena from 1873 to 1891, continuing to hold his title while serving as governor. He was also an attorney for the Louisville and Nashville Railroad; he was involved in cotton planting and developing an iron mine, the Delmar, in northern Alabama.

Cobb belonged to all the branches of the York Rite Masons and was grand master of the grand lodge of Alabama in 1879 and 1880. He was the only man who was grand master and governor at the same time. He was a member of all the lodges of the Scottish Rite Masonry up to and including the thirty-second degree. Cobb's last residence was Birmingham. His grave is located in Birmingham's Forest Hill Cemetery.

title: Rufus W. Cobb


text:
George S. Houston

George Smith Houston (January 17, 1811 – December 31, 1879) was an American Democratic politician who was the 24th Governor of Alabama from 1874 to 1878. He was also a congressman and senator for Alabama.

Early life
Houston was born near Franklin, Tennessee, on January 17, 1811, to David Ross Houston and Hannah Pugh Reagan. The paternal grandson of Scots-Irish immigrants, Houston and his family moved near Florence, Alabama, at age 16. There, Houston worked on the family farm and read law at Judge George Coalter's office. He eventually studied law at a school in Harrodsburg, Kentucky.

Early career
After graduating law school, Houston returned to Florence and was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives in 1831 as a Jacksonian Democrat, representing Lauderdale County. In 1834, Governor John Gayle appointed Houston to be district solicitor, but he was defeated in the subsequent election to that office. He then moved to Limestone County and continued to practice law. In 1837, Houston was elected in his own right to be a solicitor and held that office until 1841.

U.S. House of Representatives
In 1840, Houston was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives. During his tenure, he chaired the House Military Affairs Committee, the House Ways and Means Committee, and the House Judiciary Committee.

As a Southern Unionist, Houston was one of only four southern Democrats not to sign Senator John C. Calhoun's "Address of the Southern Delegates in Congress to their Constituents" in 1849, which questioned the federal government's right to limit slavery in territories won in the Mexican–American War. Opposition to the congressman grew, and he didn't seek re-election in 1848.

Houston ran for Congress again in 1850 and won. In December 1860, Houston was chosen to represent Alabama in the so-called "Committee of Thirty-Three". The Committee adopted the Corwin Amendment, which would have amended the United States Constitution so that Congress could never abolish slavery.

Civil War and Reconstruction
Following the American Civil War outbreak, Houston resigned from his office and returned home. Two of his sons fought for the Confederate States of America, but Houston himself stayed out of the war. In 1862, Houston's property was ransacked by U.S. Army General Ivan Turchin.

Houston presented his credentials as a senator-elect from Alabama during Reconstruction, but the Republican Party refused to seat him. Houston attended President Andrew Johnson's 1866 National Union Convention to oppose the Radical Republicans. Houston attempted to become a U.S. Senator again in 1867 but was defeated by former Governor John A. Winston. Like in the Civil War, Houston would play no part in Reconstruction in Alabama.

Governor of Alabama
In 1874, Houston ran a successful campaign for governor, garnering 53% of the vote and ousting incumbent David P. Lewis. Houston's election was the start of a long line of Democratic governors of the state, not being broken until 1986. Houston ran on a platform of "redeeming" the state and promising honesty and economy instead of Republican profligacy. The Democrats also intimidated many Republican voters, especially blacks. Houston served as a Bourbon Democrat, advocating conservatism, limited government, and white supremacy. As governor, the state legislature approved the creation of one of the nation's first public health boards. Though it was created in 1875, no monies were appropriated until 1879. With a shrinking population, Governor Houston advocated for immigration into Alabama, with limited success. In a widely condemned move, Houston expanded the state's contract lease system, in which mostly black prisoners would be leased to private contractors.

Governor Houston also attempted to reform the state's educational system. However, his efforts were unsuccessful due to his administration's inherited debt from railroad bonds. Houston created a three-person commission, headed by himself, to study the debt issue and to recommend a program to retire it. Tirstam B. Bethea of Mobile and Levi W. Lawler of Talladega served as the other two commissioners. Lawler and Houston had a history of working as railroad directors, creating a conflict of interest. The commission eventually set the legitimate debt at $12.5 million. The Republican-controlled Alabama and Chattanooga Railroad bondholders were the most adversely affected.

Houston advocated a constitutional convention to replace the constitution adopted in 1868. Voters approved the new constitution in 1875. The constitution declared that the state could never again secede from the United States and banned educational and property qualifications for voting or holding office. Also, the constitution eliminated the position of lieutenant governor.

Personal life
In May 1835, Houston married Mary I. Beatty and had eight children, four of whom died in childhood. His wife died before 1860, and Houston remarried in 1861 to Ellen Irvine, who bore him two additional children. By 1860, Houston was a successful cotton planter, enslaving 78 people.

Death
Houston was finally elected to the United States Senate in 1878 but died at his home in Athens on December 31, 1879. He was buried in Athens City Cemetery.

title: George S. Houston


text:
David P. Lewis

David P. Lewis (born David Peter Lewis; May 18, 1820 – July 3, 1884) was a lawyer and politician who served as the 23rd governor of Alabama from 1872 to 1874 during the Reconstruction era. He was also a Deputy from Alabama to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States, serving from February until April 1861, when he resigned from office. He was a Unionist. He was the last Republican to serve as Governor of Alabama until H. Guy Hunt was elected in 1986.

Biography
In 1861, David P. Lewis was a Deputy to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States, representing Alabama. He was a delegate to the 1868 Democratic National Convention. In 1869, he joined the Republican Party. As a well-known North Alabama Unionist who nevertheless supported the Confederate States of America, he was an attractive candidate for governor. He won decisively over Democrat Thomas Herndon. The 1872 election was highly controversial, and conflicting election returns resulted in the seating of two different legislatures controlled by each party. During his term, unsuccessful attempts were made to pass civil rights legislation that would have barred discrimination by common carriers, hotels, schools, and theaters. The impact of the Panic of 1873, as well as the civil rights controversies, led to Lewis' defeat in 1874. Lewis later unsuccessfully sought an appointment to the federal bench. Disillusioned by politics, he returned to the practice of law in Huntsville, where he is interred at Maple Hill Cemetery. He never married and died at age 64 in Huntsville, Alabama.

title: David P. Lewis


text:
Interstate 475

Interstate 475 may refer to:
 * Interstate 475 (Georgia), a bypass of Macon, Georgia
 * Interstate 475 (Michigan), a bypass of Flint, Michigan
 * Interstate 475 (Ohio), a bypass of Toledo, Ohio
 * Interstate 475 (Tennessee), a proposed Interstate Highway that was cancelled in the Knoxville area

title: Interstate 475