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Washington Nationals

The Washington Nationals are an American professional baseball team based in Washington, D.C. The Nationals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the National League (NL) East Division. They play their home games at Nationals Park, located on South Capitol Street in the Navy Yard neighborhood of the Southeast quadrant of D.C. along the Anacostia River.

The Nationals are the eighth major league franchise to be based in Washington, D.C., and the first since 1971. The current franchise was founded in 1969 as the Montreal Expos as part of a four-team expansion. After a failed contraction plan, MLB bought the Expos, seeking to move the team to a new city. MLB owners chose Washington, D.C. in 2004 and established the Nationals the next year, in the first MLB franchise move since 1971 when the third Washington Senators moved to Arlington, Texas to become the Texas Rangers. No MLB teams have moved since, although the Oakland Athletics are currently in the process of relocating to Las Vegas, Nevada.

While the team initially struggled after moving to Washington, the Nationals enjoyed considerable success throughout the 2010s. The team had back-to-back first overall picks in the MLB draft in 2009 and 2010, selecting Stephen Strasburg and Bryce Harper. The team secured their first playoff berth and first division title in 2012 and won the National League East again in 2014, 2016, and 2017, but failed to advance past the NLDS each time. In 2019, the team advanced to the World Series as a Wild Card team and defeated the Houston Astros in seven games to earn their first championship.

As of the end of the 2023 season, the franchise's overall win–loss record is (.480). Since moving to Washington, D.C., their overall win–loss record is 1,439–1,535 (.480)

Early baseball in Washington, D.C.
Multiple short-lived baseball franchises, including two named the Nationals, played in Washington with the National Association in the 1870s. The first Washington Nationals team in a major league played in the American Association in 1884. Another Washington Nationals team also played in the Union Association during its only season in 1884. The first Washington Nationals of the National League played from 1886 to 1889.

Washington Senators / Statesmen / Nationals

The Washington Statesmen played in the American Association in 1891, before jumping to the National League as the Senators the following season. The Washington Senators, who were often referred to as the Nationals, played in the National League from 1892 to 1899. They were followed in 1901 by another Washington Senators franchise — a charter member of the new American League — who were officially named the Washington Nationals from 1905 to 1955. In 1912, another Washington Senators team formed as one of eight teams of the United States Baseball League. But the league and the team folded after just over a month of play in 1912.

The first American League Senators franchise moved to Minneapolis after the 1960 season and became the Minnesota Twins. MLB awarded Washington an expansion team, the second American League Senators franchise, which began play in 1961 but moved to Arlington, Texas after the 1971 season to become the Texas Rangers.

Montreal Expos
The Montreal Expos were part of the 1969 Major League Baseball expansion, which included the Seattle Pilots (now the Milwaukee Brewers), Kansas City Royals, and San Diego Padres. Based in Montreal, the Expos were the first Major League team in Canada and were named after the Expo 67 World's Fair.

The majority-share owner was Charles Bronfman, a major shareholder in Seagram. The Expos' initial home was Jarry Park. Under manager Gene Mauch, the team lost 110 games in their first season, coincidentally matching the Padres' inaugural win–loss record, and continued to struggle during their first decade with sub-.500 seasons.

In 1977, the Expos moved into Montreal's Olympic Stadium, which was built for the 1976 Summer Olympics. Two years later, the team won a franchise-high 95 games, finishing second in the NL East. The Expos began the 1980s with a core group of young players, including catcher Gary Carter, outfielders Tim Raines and Andre Dawson, third baseman Tim Wallach, and pitchers Steve Rogers and Bill Gullickson. The team won its only division championship in the strike-shortened split season of 1981, ending its season with a three-games-to-two loss to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the National League Championship Series.

The team spent most of the 1980s in the middle of the NL East pack, finishing in third or fourth place in eight out of nine seasons from 1982 to 1990. The Expos hired Buck Rodgers as manager before the 1985 season, and he guided the team to winning records five times in six years, with the highlight coming in 1987 when they won 91 games (.562). They finished third, but were just four games behind the division-winning Cardinals.

Bronfman sold the team to a consortium of owners in 1991, with Claude Brochu as the managing general partner. The new ownership replaced Rodgers, at that time second only to Gene Mauch in number of Expos games managed, partway through the 1991 season. In May 1992, the Expos promoted Felipe Alou, a member of the Expos organization since 1976, to become the first Dominican-born manager in MLB history. Alou would go on to be the franchise leader in games managed while guiding the team to winning records, including 1994 when the Expos, led by a talented group of players including Larry Walker, Moisés Alou, Marquis Grissom and Pedro Martínez, had the best record in the major leagues until the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike forced the cancellation of the remainder of the season. After the disappointment of 1994, Expos management began shedding its key players and the team's fan support dwindled.

Brochu sold control of the team to Jeffrey Loria in 1999, but Loria failed to secure funding to build a new downtown ballpark and did not reach an agreement on television or English radio broadcast contracts for the 2000 season, reducing the team's media coverage.

Proposed 2001 contraction
After the 2001 season, MLB considered revoking the team's franchise, along with that of either the Minnesota Twins or the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. In November 2001, Major League Baseball's owners voted 28–2 to contract the league by two teams — according to various sources, the Expos and the Minnesota Twins, both of which reportedly voted against contraction. Subsequently, the Boston Red Sox were sold to a partnership led by John W. Henry, owner of the Florida Marlins. In order to clear the way for Henry's group to assume Red Sox ownership, Henry sold the Marlins to Loria who in turn sold the Expos to MLB. However, the Metropolitan Sports Facilities Commission, the Metrodome's operator, won an injunction requiring the Twins to play there in 2002. MLB's inability to revoke the Twins franchise compelled it to keep both the Twins and Expos as part of the regular season schedule. The collective bargaining agreement signed with the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) in August 2002 prohibited contraction until the end of the contract in 2006. By that time, the Expos had become the Washington Nationals and the Twins had made sufficient progress towards the eventual building of a new baseball-specific stadium that contraction was no longer on the agenda.

2005 move
With contraction no longer an option for the immediate term, MLB began looking for a new site for the Expos. Some of the choices included Oklahoma City; Washington, D.C.; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Monterrey, Mexico; Portland, Oregon; Northern Virginia (such as Arlington or Dulles); Norfolk, Virginia; Las Vegas; and Charlotte, North Carolina. Washington, D.C., and both Virginia locations emerged as the front-runners.

On September 29, 2004, MLB announced that the Expos would move to Washington, D.C. for the 2005 season, returning professional baseball to the United States's capital. On November 15, arbitrators struck down a lawsuit former team owners brought against MLB and former majority owner Jeffrey Loria, bringing to an end all legal actions that could have impeded a move. The other MLB team owners approved the move to Washington, D.C., in a 28–1 vote on December 3 (Baltimore Orioles owner Peter Angelos cast the sole dissenting vote).

Although there was some sentiment to revive the name Senators when the Expos moved to Washington in 2005, legal and political considerations factored into the choice of Nationals, a revival of the first American League franchise's official name used from 1901 to 1956. Politicians and others in the District of Columbia objected to the name Senators because the District of Columbia does not have voting representation in Congress. In addition, the Rangers still owned the rights to the Senators name.

Washington, D.C. mayor Anthony A. Williams supported the name "Washington Grays" in honor of the Negro-league team Homestead Grays (1929–1950), which had been based in Pittsburgh but played most of their of their home games in Washington's Griffith Stadium during much of the 1940s. On November 21, 2004, the team's management chose the name "Washington Nationals," revealing the club's official colors of red, white, and blue the next day.

The Nationals played their first three seasons at RFK Stadium until Nationals Park could be built. Nationals Park was completed in 2008, and the Nationals played their first home game there on March 30, 2008. ESPN televised the game nationally, for which U.S. President George W. Bush threw out the first pitch. Ryan Zimmerman hit his fifth career walk-off home run to give the Nationals a win in the first game in their new stadium.

Inaugural 2005 season
The Nationals played their first game on April 4, 2005 at Citizens Bank Park in South Philadelphia, losing to the Philadelphia Phillies 8-4. The Nationals finished their inaugural season at .500 with an 81-81 record. Its first draft pick as the Nationals was Virginia native Ryan Zimmerman in the first round of the 2005 draft. Zimmerman made his MLB debut in 2005 and became one of the team's best players and the face of the franchise, playing his entire career with the Nationals.

2000s and 2010s
When Ted Lerner took over the club in mid-2006, he hired Stan Kasten as team president. Kasten was widely known as the Atlanta Braves' architect before and during their run of 14 division titles. Kasten was also the General Manager or president of many other Atlanta-area sports teams, including the Atlanta Hawks and Atlanta Thrashers. "The Plan," as it became known, was a long-range rebuilding and restructuring of the team from the ground up. This plan included investing in the farm system and the draft to build a team suitable for their new stadium.

In the front office, the Nationals hired well-respected former Arizona scouting director Mike Rizzo to be the Vice President of Baseball Operations, second in charge under then-general manager Jim Bowden.

The Nationals finished in last place in four out of five years from 2006-2010, but began building the foundations of a contender with their first-overall draft picks of pitcher Stephen Strasburg (in 2009) and catcher Bryce Harper, whom the team converted to the outfield, (in 2010), as well as their sixth-overall draft pick of infielder Anthony Rendon (in 2011). Strasburg, arguably the most hyped prospect in baseball history, struck out 14 batters in an unprecedented Major League debut at home against the Pittsburgh Pirates. In 2011, they signed Jayson Werth to the team's first big free-agent contract. With a mix of homegrown players and players acquired via trade and free agency, the Nationals clinched their first playoff berth and first division title in 2012. Teenage phenom Harper was named NL Rookie of the Year, the youngest ever to win. The Nationals were knocked out of the 2012 NLDS by the St. Louis Cardinals in five games after the Cardinals took the lead with two outs in the top of the ninth of game 5. After missing the playoffs in 2013, they hired Matt Williams as manager and rebounded to win their second division title in 2014, but were eliminated in the 2014 NLDS by the San Francisco Giants. In 2014, they acquired shortstop prospect Trea Turner in a trade with the San Diego Padres, with Turner eventually becoming a major part of the Nationals' core. In 2015, the Nationals signed top free agent pitcher Max Scherzer to a 7-year, $210 million contract. That year, Harper had one of the greatest offensive seasons in MLB history, becoming the youngest player to win the NL MVP unanimously. However the Nationals missed the playoffs again, leading to Williams' firing. The team hired veteran manager Dusty Baker in 2016, and returned to the playoffs only to be eliminated by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2016 NLDS in five games. They won the NL East title in 2017, but were eliminated in the NLDS yet again after losing game 5 to the Chicago Cubs. Baker's contract was not renewed after the 2017 playoff loss, and the team hired Dave Martinez as their sixth manager in ten years.

In 2018, the All-Star Game was played at Nationals Park. 19-year-old phenom Juan Soto had an exceptional debut campaign, finishing 2nd in NL Rookie of the Year Voting. The Nationals failed to make the playoffs in 2018, finishing a disappointing second in a year they were expected to sail to the playoffs. After the 2018 season, superstar slugger Bryce Harper left the team via free agency, signing with the rival Philadelphia Phillies.

2019 World Series win
The Nationals began the 2019 season with a record of 19–31, with their projected chances of winning the World Series at that time being 1.5 percent. They then posted a 74–38 record over the remaining 112 games, finishing with an overall record of 93-69 and earning a spot in the 2019 National League Wild Card Game, which they won over the Milwaukee Brewers 4–3. In the NLDS, the Nationals defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games, propelling them past the divisional round for the first time in franchise history. The Nationals then swept the St. Louis Cardinals in the NLCS, giving them their first NL pennant. The team then defeated the Houston Astros in game seven of the 2019 World Series, giving them their first World Series championship, with Strasburg being voted series MVP. The World Series was the first in MLB history that saw no team win a game at home, as the road team won all seven. The Nationals went a perfect 5-0 in elimination games during the playoffs, all of which were come-from-behind victories, the first team in MLB history to do so.

Post-World Series
Franchise cornerstone Anthony Rendon left in free agency for the Los Angeles Angels after the 2019 season. The Nationals agreed to re-sign fellow building block Stephen Strasburg to a massive seven-year deal that guaranteed him $245 million. However, injuries limited him to just 31 and 1/3 innings under the contract, and eventually forced him to retire in 2024. The Nationals struggled in 2020, when the coronavirus pandemic led to the season being shortened to 60 games; the team finished 26-34 and missed the playoffs. After another disappointing start to the 2021 season, in which the team was under .500 at the trade deadline, GM Mike Rizzo disassembled much of the team, trading ace pitcher Max Scherzer and superstar shortstop Trea Turner to the Dodgers, among many other trades of starting players in exchange for prospects, signifying the start of a rebuilding process. Ryan Zimmerman, the longtime face of the franchise who had been with the team since its inaugural 2005 season, announced his retirement after the 2021 season, marking the end of the first era of Nationals baseball. On August 2, 2022, the Nationals traded 23-year-old superstar Juan Soto to the San Diego Padres after he turned down a 15-year, $440 million contract extension offer, which would have constituted the richest contract in baseball history. In doing so, the Nationals lost its franchise icon and one of the last integral players from the 2019 championship team. The Nationals received one of the largest prospect hauls in any single trade in baseball history in return, with the front office hoping that the elite prospects would form the core of the next championship team. After trading Soto and others, the Nationals finished the 2022 season with the worst record in baseball at 55-107. That year proved to be the low point for the Nationals rebuild, as young players such as CJ Abrams and Josiah Gray led them to an improvement of 16 wins in 2023, finishing at 71-91. Additionally, the rebuild had strengthened a once-weak group of prospects. ESPN's annual farm system ranking showed improvement from 30th entering 2021 to 22nd in 2022, 13th in 2023, and 16th in 2024.

In 2022, The Washington Post reported that the Lerner family was exploring a restructuring of the team's ownership, including the possibility of selling the team outright. Ted Lerner died on February 13, 2023, from pneumonia complications; his son Mark had become the public-facing principal owner in 2018, though Ted had retained his full interest in the team's decisions.

2005–2008: Original uniforms
The Nationals' original home uniforms contained the team name and numbers in red with gold bevels and navy trim, and were paired with the all-red "curly W" cap. The road uniforms contained the city name and numbers in navy with gold bevels and red trim, and were paired with the all-navy "curly W" cap. The front letters of both uniforms formed a distinct bridge-like shape. This set was joined the following season by a red alternate uniform, which featured the interlocking "DC" in white with gold bevels and navy trim, as well as numbers in navy with gold bevels and white trim. The red alternates were paired with the all-red "DC" cap.

The Nationals sported two different sleeve patches with this set. In their inaugural season, the patch featured gold accents, the full team name and two gold stars on the outer navy circle, and the interlocking "DC" on the inner red circle. The patch was tweaked the following season, eliminating the team name in favor of nine gold stars and relegating red to trim color.

2009–2010: Road uniform changes
For the 2009 season, the Nationals kept the same home uniform but unveiled a new road and red alternate uniform, along with a roundel-less "DC" sleeve patch. The road uniform now featured a script rendition of the city name in front minus the gold bevels, with the letters now rendered in red with navy and gold trim. The red alternate replaced the "DC" logo with the "curly W" logo, and numbers changed to white with gold bevels and navy trim.

2011–2023: "Curly W" uniforms
The Nationals unveiled a new uniform set starting in 2011. Gold was eliminated and the emphasis was on the "curly W" logo, which was prominently featured on the home and red alternate uniforms. The road all-navy cap was retired in a favor of a navy cap with red brim, and a new red cap with navy brim was added in 2013 for home games with the red alternates. The sleeve patch was updated to feature the primary roundel logo. Piping was added to the "curly W" uniforms.

2018–present: Script "Nationals" uniforms
In 2018 the Nationals released a navy alternate uniform, featuring a script rendition of the team name in white with red trim along with red numbers. The following season, the navy uniform proved to be a good-luck charm for the Nationals, as they went 11–3 while wearing the uniforms en route to winning the World Series. In 2020, a white version was added, with the script version of the team name in navy with red trim. Initially, the Nationals unveiled a pair of white-paneled and red-brimmed alternate caps: one in navy with the United States Capitol dome superimposed over a white block "W", and another in red with a navy block "W" superimposed over the silhouette of a pitcher. Both designs paid homage to the original Washington Senators (now Minnesota Twins) and the expansion Washington Senators (now Texas Rangers). However, only the "Capitol W" cap was used, and the "pitcher W" cap was not utilized on the field at all and immediately retired.

For most of the 2020 season, the Nationals wore gold-accented versions of the new white uniforms in celebration of their World Series championship, along with all-red caps with the gold "curly W" logo. The script white alternates made their on-field debut on the final regular season home game September 27 against the New York Mets, and were paired with the "Capitol W" cap (the red "curly W" batting helmets were used with this uniform). The Nationals did not wear their home and red alternate "curly W" uniforms throughout that shortened season. In 2021, the white alternates were also paired with the primary red "curly W" cap, though the alternate Capitol cap was still used occasionally.

Starting in 2022, the white alternate uniform with the "Nationals" script became the primary home uniform, replacing the white "curly W" uniform.

In 2024, the Nationals updated their road uniform, featuring a block "Washington" lettering in navy with white and red trim. The red "curly W" alternates were replaced by an alternate white pullover uniform with navy sleeves, featuring the "Capitol W" crest on the left chest and a new sleeve patch depicting the "interlocking DC" logo inside the silhouette of Washington, D.C. The chest numbers on both the primary home and alternate navy uniforms were removed.

City Connect uniform
As part of MLB's uniform deal with Nike, selected teams were given themed "City Connect" uniforms. The Nationals' version, unveiled in 2022, pay homage to the cherry blossoms that adorn Washington, D.C. in the spring. The design has a dark gray base with pink trim and printed cherry blossoms. The uniforms were worn during Friday and Saturday home games until 2024. After 2024, the City Connect uniforms will be retired.

Stars and Stripes alternates
In 2009, the Nationals unveiled a navy alternate uniform for games that fell during Independence Day week. The uniform featured the "interlocking DC" logo rendered in the Stars and Stripes motif, along with white/red piping and white numbers with gold bevels and red trim. The original primary logo was added to the left sleeve, and a navy cap with red brim containing the aforementioned "DC flag" logo was used.

In 2011, the uniform was tweaked to feature the "curly W" in Stars and Stripes, along with updated logos and the removal of gold accents. The road navy cap was originally used with this uniform, but in 2016 it was replaced by a similar design, with the exception of the "curly W" which was now rendered in the Stars and Stripes. This design was used until 2019, during which the uniform was no longer exclusively worn on Independence Day week.

In 2017 a white version of the "Stars and Stripes" alternate was released; this one is paired with the navy-brimmed red cap featuring the "curly W" in Stars and Stripes.

Postseason appearances

Managers
Note: Updated through October 15, 2021.

Retired numbers
During the franchise's period in Montreal, the Montreal Expos retired three numbers in honor of four players, plus Jackie Robinson's number 42 which was retired throughout all Major League Baseball in 1997. Following the move to Washington, D.C., the numbers (except 42) were returned to circulation and remain in use. When Washington wore Expos throwback jerseys on July 6, 2019, catcher Yan Gomes wore his usual number 10, even though the number was retired by the Expos for Andre Dawson and Rusty Staub.

After the Expos' departure from Montreal, the National Hockey League′s Montreal Canadiens hung a banner in Bell Centre honoring the Expos' retired numbers.

The Nationals retired Ryan Zimmerman's No. 11 on June 18, 2022, the first number retired by the Nationals.

Ring of Honor
On August 10, 2010, the Nationals unveiled a "Ring of Honor" at Nationals Park to honor National Baseball Hall of Fame members who had played "significant years" for the Washington Nationals, original Washington Senators (1901–1960), expansion Washington Senators (1961–1971), Homestead Grays, or Montreal Expos. In late August 2016, the team dropped the criterion that an inductee be a member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, also opening membership to "anyone who has made a significant contribution to the game of baseball in Washington, D.C."; the first inductee under the revised criteria was Frank Howard.

The Nationals′ attempt to honor the Montreal-Washington franchise's entire history in the Ring of Honor, as well as by tracking Montreal-Washington franchise records, is not without controversy; it has been criticized as "an embodiment of the team's desire to find history before it can make much." Although Nationals fans generally take little interest in the franchise's Montreal years, some do appreciate acknowledging that the franchise has a history that predates its arrival in Washington, and former Expo Tim Raines received a warm round of applause from fans at Nationals Park at his induction ceremony on August 28, 2017, even though he had never even visited Washington, D.C. before, and the closest baseball he played in the market was one game for Baltimore with his son at the end of 2001. Some Montreal Expos fans express appreciation that the Nationals are honoring the Expos, and Expos players inducted into the Ring of Honor have expressed gratitude that the Nationals chose to include them, especially with no MLB team in Montreal to honor their careers. However, few Nationals fans have taken an interest in franchise records, preferring to compare Nationals records with those of previous Washington MLB teams instead, and a segment of Nationals fans actively opposes the inclusion of Expos history into that of the Nationals, taking the view that the Montreal years are irrelevant to Washington and that the team made a complete break with its past and started anew when it arrived in Washington, inheriting the history of the two Washington Senators teams rather than that of the Expos. Similarly, Montreal Expos fans have taken very little or no interest in the achievements of Nationals players, and many Expos fans strongly oppose the inclusion of former Expos in the Ring, taking the position that to do so is to co-opt the history of the Expos, which they say belongs solely in Montreal.

Observers also have noted that the admission of the first Nationals player to the Ring of Honor, Iván "Pudge" Rodríguez, although he was well-liked as a National, highlights another awkward aspect of the Ring of Honor's acceptance criteria, because Rodriguez's inclusion arose out of his admission to the National Baseball Hall of Fame based on his exploits for other teams, not out of anything he did during a 155-game, two-season stint with the Nationals at the end of his career in years in which the Nationals posted mediocre records. Nationals general manager Mike Rizzo responded that his inclusion had merit even based on his time with the Nationals, when he "taught us how to be a professional franchise."

In a ceremony held at Nationals Park between games of a doubleheader on the evening of September 8, 2018, the Nationals inducted former outfielder Jayson Werth, who played for the Nationals from 2011 through 2017, into the Ring of Honor. He became the first "true" National – the first person based specifically on his career as a National – inducted into the Ring of Honor.

The Ring of Honor includes:

Attendance
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Spring training
The Nationals hold spring training in Florida, where they play their annual slate of Grapefruit League games. From 2005 through 2016, they held spring training at Space Coast Stadium in Viera, Florida, a facility that they inherited from the Expos. In 2017, the Nationals moved their spring training operations to the Ballpark of the Palm Beaches, a new facility they share with the Houston Astros in West Palm Beach, Florida; they played their first Grapefruit League game there on February 28, 2017. On February 16, 2018, it was renamed FITTEAM Ballpark of the Palm Beaches after the Nationals and Astros signed a 12-year deal for the naming rights to the stadium that day with FITTEAM, an event brand partnership and organic products firm located in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. In February 2024, it was renamed to CACTI Park of the Palm Beaches after the two teams agreed to a multi-year naming rights deal with American rapper and singer-songwriter Travis Scott's CACTI Hard Seltzer company.

Minor league affiliations

 * The Nationals began an affiliation with the Low-A Nationals in 2005; the then-Advanced-A Potomac Nationals moved from Woodbridge, Virginia, to Fredericksburg, Virginia, before the 2020 season, and moved to Low-A play in the 2021 season.

Nationals Philanthropies
The Nationals Philanthropies, formerly the Nationals Dream Foundation, is the team's charitable arm which is committed to community partnerships that improve the lives of children and families across the Washington Capital Region. The foundation opened a youth baseball academy in partnership with the D.C. government, and a pediatric diabetes care center at Children's National Medical Center in partnership with the Center. The foundation also provides grants to local organizations.

On August 1, 2011, the foundation, in partnership with several local organizations, formally opened Miracle Field in Germantown, Maryland, as part of an effort to encourage athletic activity in children with "mental and/or physical challenges." According to Steven Miller of MLB.com, what sets Miracle Field apart in terms of safety is its unique design, as it "is made entirely of a cushioned synthetic turf that is five-eighths of an inch thick—providing a safe surface for children in wheelchairs or with other handicaps."

Radio and television
The Nationals' flagship radio station is WJFK-FM (106.7 FM) "The Fan", which is owned by Entercom. Charlie Slowes and Dave Jageler are the play-by-play announcers. WJFK fronts a radio network of 19 stations serving portions of Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, North Carolina, and Delaware as well as the District.

WFED (1500 AM) had been the flagship station since the 2006 season until a multi-year agreement was reached between the Nationals and WJFK before the 2011 season. WFED remains on the network as an affiliate; its 50 kilowatt clear-channel signal allows the Nationals' home-team call to be heard up and down the East Coast.

WWZZ (104.1 FM), which carried games in the 2005 season, was the team's first flagship radio station.

Mid-Atlantic Sports Network (MASN) televises all games not picked up by one of MLB's national television partners. Bob Carpenter has been the TV play-by-play announcer since 2006 and F.P. Santangelo was hired in January 2011 as color analyst. Mel Proctor was the TV play-by-announcer in 2005, and former color analysts are Ron Darling (2005), Tom Paciorek (2006), Don Sutton (2007–2008), and Rob Dibble, who took over the job in 2009 and was fired in September 2010 after criticizing Stephen Strasburg for not pitching while injured. Ray Knight filled in as color analyst in September 2010 after Dibble was fired.

Previously, WDCA (channel 20) carried 76 games in the 2005 season while the newly founded MASN was still negotiating cable carriage. From 2009 through 2017, MASN syndicated a package of 20 games for simulcast on an over-the-air television station in Washington. Broadcast partners under this arrangement were WDCW (channel 50) from 2009 through 2012 and CBS affiliate WUSA (channel 9) from 2013 through 2017. MASN did not continue the syndication deal for the 2018 season.

In the midst of a season in which they finished with the worst record in Major League Baseball, the Nationals' television ratings were among the worst in the National League in July 2008 but increased during the 2010 and 2011 seasons. Since 2012, when they began to achieve consistent success on the field, their television viewership has grown continually and dramatically. By 2016, the Nationals′ prime-time television ratings were 15th highest among the 29 U.S. MLB teams, and they rose to 12th in 2017. Ratings declined to 18th among the 29 U.S. teams for the 2018 season.

Broadcasters

 * Charlie Slowes – radio (2005–present)
 * Dave Shea – radio (2005)
 * Dave Jageler – radio (2006–present)
 * Mel Proctor – TV (2005)
 * Ron Darling – TV (2005)
 * Bob Carpenter – TV (2006–present)
 * Tom Paciorek – TV (2006)
 * Don Sutton – TV (2007–2008)
 * Rob Dibble – TV (2009–2010)
 * F. P. Santangelo – TV (2011–2021)
 * Kevin Frandsen – TV (2022–present)

Baltimore Orioles
The Nationals have an interleague rivalry, nicknamed the Beltway Series, with the nearby Baltimore Orioles. The teams have played two series a season—one in Baltimore and one in Washington—since 2006. The Nationals and Orioles rivalry is one of the few that can be played in a World Series.

Philadelphia Phillies
The Nationals' rivalry with the Philadelphia Phillies originated during their original tenure as the Montreal Expos. The two teams repeatedly battled for control of the division in the early 1980s and mid 1990s. Following the franchise's relocation to Washington, D.C., in 2005, the rivalry increased in geographic tension due to Washington's proximity to Philadelphia. The rivalry quickly spiked in intensity during the 2010s after Nationals team management introduced a campaign to block Phillies fans from overtaking home games. In 2019, star-outfielder Bryce Harper further fueled tensions after signing a 13-year, $330 million contract with the Phillies as a free agent. The Nationals later won the 2019 World Series during the first year after Harper's departure.

title: Washington Nationals


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Seaslug (missile)

Seaslug was a first-generation surface-to-air missile designed by Armstrong Whitworth (later part of the Hawker Siddeley group) for use by the Royal Navy. Tracing its history as far back as 1943's LOPGAP design, it came into operational service in 1961 and was still in use at the time of the Falklands War in 1982.

Seaslug was intended to engage high-flying targets such as reconnaissance aircraft or bombers before they could launch stand-off weapons. It was only fitted to the Royal Navy's eight County-class destroyers which were designed around the missile system. Seaslug was only fired in anger once as an anti-aircraft missile, from HMS Antrim (D18) during the Falklands War, but missed its target. Later improvements meant that it could also be used against ships and ground targets.

It was planned that Seaslug's medium-range role was to be supplanted by a very long-range missile known as Blue Envoy, but this was passed over in favour of a new medium-range system, Sea Dart. Sea Dart entered service in 1973 on the Type 82 destroyers and replaced Seaslug during the 1980s as the County-class destroyers were removed from service.

Initial concept
In 1943, the German Luftwaffe began the use of anti-shipping missiles and guided bombs in the Mediterranean Sea during Allied operations against Italy. These weapons were released outside of anti-aircraft gun range, which meant that naval operations lacking complete air superiority would be open to attack with no effective response from the ships. A solution for long-range anti-aircraft was required. On 16 March 1944 the first meeting of the "Guided Anti-Aircraft Projectile Committee", or GAP Committee, was held.

The Admiralty Signals Establishment (ASE), in charge of the Navy's radar development, was working on new radars featuring radar lock-on that allowed them to accurately track aircraft at long range. This was part of the LRS.1 fire-control system that allowed large dual-purpose guns to attack bombers at long range. A contemporary British Army project at Cossors, Brakemine, was working on a system to allow a missile to keep itself centred within a radar beam, a concept known today as beam riding. The Navy decided to combine the two concepts, using the LRS.1's Type 909 radar with a new missile that differed from Brakemine primarily in requiring longer range and being more robust for shipborne use.

In December 1944, GAP put out a Naval Staff Target for a new anti-aircraft weapon, capable of attacking targets at altitudes up to 50,000 ft and speeds of up to 700 mph. This project was briefly known as LOPGAP, short for "Liquid Oxygen and Petrol Guided Anti-aircraft Projectile", but soon moved from petrol to methanol which made the "LOP" inaccurate.

LOPGAP
The Fairey Aviation Company was at this time working on a missile project for the Ministry of Supply, Stooge. Stooge was more like an armed drone aircraft than a missile. It was flown to a location in front of the target and then cruised toward it until its warhead was triggered by the operator. It was designed primarily to defeat kamikaze attacks at short range. Its low speed and manual guidance meant it was not useful for interceptions outside the immediate area of the ship, and thus did not meet the need for a longer-ranged missile capable of dealing with stand-off weapons.

Accordingly, Fairey was ordered to stop work on Stooge in favour of LOPGAP. Development was slowed by the Air Ministry who were opposed to the project as it might take resources away from jet fighter production and a lack of urgency on the part of both the Admiralty and Ministry of Supply.

A March 1945 report called for the first test launches of LOPGAP from converted QF 3.7-inch air-aircraft gun mounts within two months. The same mounts had also been used, with different modifications, for Stooge and Brakemine. They predicted the final system would be about 19 ft long and a twin-launcher would take up about the same room as a twin 5.25-inch gun turret. An April Staff Target called for the system to be able to engage an aircraft flying at 500 mph at altitudes up to 40,000 ft with a maximum weight of 500 lb.

Move to RAE
In 1945 a new Guided Projectiles Establishment was set up under the Controller of Supplies (Air) and in 1946 development of all ongoing missile projects moved to the Royal Aircraft Establishment's (RAE) new Controlled Weapons Department, soon to become the Guided Weapons Department. They began considering the beam riding concept in partnership with the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE), the deliberately oddly-named department of the Air Ministry responsible for radar development. Over the next year, first Brakemine and then Stooge were moved to the RAE.

In a January 1947 Navy review, the program was given the name Seaslug. This called for a significantly larger weapon than initially envisioned, capable of single-stage vertical launch, a warhead (and guidance) of 200 lb and an all-up weight of 1800 lb. Development continued as before but was significantly hampered by the post-war exodus of engineering talent. Shortly after the new definition was produced, this project also moved to the RAE. Efforts by the Navy to change the name from Seaslug to the more ominous-sounding "Triumph" failed.

Development slowed, and in July 1947 the Admiralty approached Henry Tizard to argue for a more "virile leadership" of the program. Tizard called a meeting of the Defence Research Policy Committee (DRPC) and started a process of pushing through four key missile programs that were intended to enter service in 1957, Seaslug, a longer ranged Army/Air Force surface-to-air missile known as Red Heathen, the Blue Boar television guided glide bomb, and the Red Hawk air-to-air missile.

In March 1948 a new report from the DRPC noted there was not enough manpower for all four projects, and put Seaslug at the bottom of the priority list, claiming air attack would be less likely than submarine in the event of war. They suggested the much longer ranged Red Heathen was more important in the short term. The Admiralty was of another opinion on the matter and argued against the change in priority.

The Navy found an unlikely ally in the Army, who were concerned that Red Heathen was too difficult to move to in a single step and suggested that Seaslug might be the basis for a more immediate medium-range weapon that could be used both on land and sea. The DPRC also began to have concerns about accurately guiding Red Heathen at its desired 100000 yd maximum range. In September 1948 they agreed to develop Seaslug "as a matter of insurance", before further upgrading it in 1949 to "top priority". As a result of these changes, the program was seen as having two stages, Stage 1 would deliver missiles in the mid-1950s with roughly 20 mi range with capability mostly against subsonic targets, and a Stage 2 of the early 1960s would have a greatly extended range on the order of 150 mi and able to attack supersonic aircraft.

Experimental systems
Two test systems emerged from this centralization. The CTV.1 was a small unpowered Brakemine-like system devoted to the development of the guidance systems, launched using three RP-3 rocket motors and controlled through the coast phase. A series of CTV designs followed, providing ever-increasing amounts of telemetry for the guidance and control systems work. GAP became a purely research-oriented system, RTV.1 (rocket test vehicle), as opposed to a prototype missile design, and was used primarily as a platform for testing the rocket motors. The GAP/RTV.1 efforts would be directed at the Stage 1 design, which would essentially be the Seaslug requirement.

The relatively small CTV could safely be launched at the Larkhill Range, part of the Royal School of Artillery. It was equipped with a parachute that allowed it to be recovered. This was not possible for the much longer-ranged RTV, which was fired from RAF Aberporth out over Cardigan Bay in Wales. The desire to reclaim the RTVs as well led to the opening of a parallel launch facility at the RAAF Woomera Range Complex and a program that led development of supersonic parachutes.

As RTV testing continued, the decision was made to build a larger version, RTV.2, which would be more typical of a production missile. During early testing, the design was further modified and renamed GPV, for General Purpose Test Vehicle. Several liquid rocket motors were tested as part of this program. Early tests demonstrated shifts in the center of gravity that required active damping, which in turn led to the lengthening of the overall fuselage to become the "long round". This version used forward-mounted boosters, which were mounted so their exhaust was just in front of the mid-mounted wings.

Project 502
As experimental work progressed, the Ministry of Supply began forming an industry team to build production systems. In 1949 this gave rise to the 'Project 502' group from industry, with Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft and Sperry in March and GEC in September.

The 29 July 1949 update of the Staff Target called for a maximum range of 30000 yd and a minimum of 5000 yd. Maximum altitude should be 55,000 ft, but 45,000 would be considered acceptable. A later updated pushed the range to 30000 - 60000 yd against a 600 kn, later 650 kn, target. It was assumed the targets would "jink" at 1G, so the missile needed to maneuver at 4G at sea level and 2.5G at 40,000 ft. Additional requirements were the ability to switch between targets in 6 seconds.

The designers ultimately selected a maximum range of 30,000 yards, which included 6,000 yd of coasting after motor burn-out. This was about 50% better than the contemporary US Terrier design. Hit probability was estimated to be 40% at maximum range, so salvos of three missiles would be fired at once, demanding a three-place launcher. This was later reduced back to a twin-launcher when it was realized accessing the missile in the middle launcher would make maintenance difficult.

Changing requirements
When the deployment of the Seaslug was first being considered, three classes of custom missile-firing ships were considered. The Task Force Ship would be capable of 30 kn and would tasked with fleet air defence. The Ocean Convoy Escort was a 17 kn vessel that would provide direct cover over seagoing convoys, while the 12 kn Coastal Convoy Escort would do the same closer to shore. At that time it was believed that aircraft carriers would be able to provide adequate cover over convoys or fleets in the ocean, so attention turned to the Coastal Convoy Escort. Beginning in May 1953 a Beachy Head-class repair ship was converted into a prototype escort ship, HMS Girdle Ness, to test this fitting.

For this role, the densest possible storage was required, so the initial design of a single booster rocket at the base end of the missile. This led to a very long design, as was the case for most contemporary designs, this was abandoned in favour of four smaller boosters wrapped around the fuselage, giving shorter overall length of about 20 ft. The boosters were positioned so they lay within the diameter defined by the missile's wings, so they did not make it any larger in diameter when stored. If one of the boosters did not fire the thrust would be significantly off-axis, a possibility which was later addressed by moving the boosters forward so their exhaust was near the centre of gravity of the missile, allowing the missile's small control surfaces to remain effective. In contrast, the American Terrier missile was somewhat shorter at 13 ft, but this required an additional tandem booster which took the overall length to 28 ft.

In 1954, during another review of the Navy's future operations, consideration turned from a "hot war" against the Soviets to a series of "warm wars" in the third world. Among other changes brought about by this review, including the cancellation of a future all-gun cruiser class and ending further conversion of WWII-era destroyers to Type 15 frigates, the new environment meant that air cover by carriers could not be guaranteed, and the need for air defence for task-force sized groups became the primary concern. A cut to carrier construction, capping the fleet at four, released funds for missile ship construction. In October 1954, a new design emerged that demanded the speed to keep up with a fleet in combat, have guns limited to self-defence, and carrying a single twin-missile launcher.

The designs were continually modified in order to find a suitable arrangement. They started as early as 1953 with a mid-sized cruiser of 15000 LT carrying 60 to 90 missiles and a crew of 900. Admiral Ralph Edwards pointed out it would be more useful to have a larger number of small ships with 10 to 20 missiles than one larger one, but attempts to design such a ship resulted in one with room for the weapons but not the crew needed to operate them. In May 1955 a wide variety of plans for designs between the two extremes were compared, ranging from 9,850 tons down to 4,550. After continual comparison and revision, these plans finally gelled around what became the County-class destroyer.

Testing
Test firings of the GAP-based examples, now known as Rocket Test Vehicle 1, or RTV.1, demonstrated beam riding in October 1956. The Navy had set a date of 1957 for a broad modernization of the fleet, so they desired Seaslug to be cleared for service in 1956. To this end, they accepted the use of liquid fuels in spite of the Navy's concerns with these fuels on ships. However, by 1956 a new solid fuel rocket had been developed at the Summerfield Research Station which provided the desired range.

Continual tests took place over the next four years using both the Clausen Rolling Platform at RAE Aberporth and the Girdle Ness. A final series of tests at sea, which culminated in sixteen successful firings, finally cleared the missile for service in 1961. After more than 250 launches, the Seaslug Mark 1, also known as Guided Weapon System 1, or GWS.1, finally entered service in 1962 on County-class, each fitted with a single twin missile launcher and a complete weapon system with one fire control set and 30 missiles. The Seaslug-armed cruisers were cancelled in 1957.

Seaslug needed height, range and bearing information for targets. By 1955 the Royal Navy considered using the Type 984 radar on Seaslug-armed cruisers and destroyers to provide this. During development, the projected weight of the radar doubled, to the point where it could still potentially be mounted on cruisers, but was rejected for destroyers because it would have meant sacrificing their 4.5 in gun armament. The gun armament was regarded as essential for the navy's wider role outside the hot war mission. The solution adopted with the first batch of the County-class destroyers was to network them with ships carrying Type 984. The destroyers were given a reduced version of the Comprehensive Display System (CDS), which was fed by a CDS-link receiver called DPD (Digital Picture Transmission or Translation).

The final set for the County ships, actually more a cruiser type than a destroyer, was quite complex: a Type 965 radar for early warning (P-band, 450 kW peak power, range over 175 km), in the County Batch 2 the double antenna AKE-2 had two different frequency settings; a Type 992Q target indicator radar (3 GHz, 1.75 MW peak power, 90 km range); a Type 278 height finding set (80–90 km); a Type 901 missile guidance radar (X band, 70 km range), that in the Sea Slug Mk 2 had a continuous wave signal (but it was still a beam riding designation radar); a Type 904 fire control radar (used in the MRS-3 system, X-band, 50 kW, 35 km range) for surface targeting.

Description
The missile had four wrap-around booster motors that separated after launch. After separation, the main motor ignited to power the missile to the target. The booster motors were positioned at the side of the missile, but this unusual arrangement with the motor nozzles both angled outwards at 22.5° and 22.5° to the left, the missile entered a gentle roll at launch, evening out differences in the thrusts of the boosters. This meant that large stabilising fins as used on contemporary missiles in service with the Royal Air Force (Bloodhound) and the British Army (Thunderbird) were not required. Once the boosters were jettisoned the control surfaces became active.

Guidance was by radar beam-riding, the beam to be provided by Type 901 fire-control radar. There were four flight modes:

 * LOSBR (Line Of Sight, Beam Riding), in which the missile flew up a beam that tracked the target
 * CASWTD (Constant Angle of Sight With Terminal Dive), with the missile climbing at a low angle and then diving onto a low-altitude target at 45°, used against low flying targets at over 12,000 yards away
 * MICAWBER (Missile In Constant Altitude While BEam Riding), used against low level target approaching at 500–800 feet, it allows switching from CASWTD to LOSBR when the target is closing at the ship
 * Up and over: the standard surface attack mode, using the Type 901 radar slaved to the Type 903 in bearing; the missile is fired at high elevation and then depressed in order to strike the vessel with a steep dive, without arming the fuse.

Electrical power when the missile was in flight was provided by a flux switching alternator with a six tooth rotor. "The 1.5 kVA Seaslug generator ran at 24,000 rev/min with a frequency of 2,400 Hz."

Service performance
Seaslug was a high-performance weapon in the 1960s, with a single-shot kill probability of 92%, although other sources give lower kill probabilities: 75% for the Mk 1 and 65% for the Mk 2. The first four ships of the County-class (Batch 1) operated the Seaslug Mk 1, while the final four (Batch 2) were fitted with the ADAWS command and control system which enabled them to carry the more capable Mk 2 version. A proposal to refit the Batch 1 ships with ADAWS was dropped in 1968.

During the Falklands War Seaslug was only launched once against an aircraft target, by HMS Antrim (D18), and without success. On 21 May 1982 in Falkland Sound, the Antrim which had already had an unexploded 1,000 lb bomb pass through the Seaslug magazine, fired a single missile (some sources say two ) at one of a second wave of attacking IAI Dagger fighters. It was unguided because the aircraft was too low to be acquired; the launch was intended to deter the pilot and to remove the exposed missile from the ship because it posed a fire hazard. The first combat use in the surface-to-surface role was during a shore bombardment on 26 May, when HMS Glamorgan (D19) fired Seaslugs at Port Stanley Airport claiming the destruction of a number of helicopters and a radar installation. A total of eight Seaslug Mk 2 missiles were launched in theatre by the two ships armed with them, including two missiles jettisoned by Glamorgan after she was hit by a land-launched Exocet missile on 12 June. Also during 1982, the Mk2 was used as a trials target for Seadart, but there were reliability problems with both systems.

The last firing of the Seaslug Mk 1 was in December 1981 by HMS London (D16), the final GWS1 (or Batch 1) ship in active service. HMS Fife (D20) was converted to a training ship, and had her Seaslug systems removed, freeing up large spaces for classrooms and was completed in June 1986. Fife and the remaining GWS2 ships were sold to Chile between 1982 and 1987. Initially, the British government had hoped that the Chileans would accept a package to upgrade the ships to operate Seadart, but this was not taken up and they were transferred complete with Seaslug. The Chilean ships were later refitted with an extended flight deck in place of the Seaslug launcher.

Variants
There were two main variants of the Seaslug:

Mark 1 (GWS.1)
The Seaslug Mark 1 was powered by the solid-fuel Foxhound (390 kg fuel) sustainer motor and Gosling (145 kg) booster motors. It had a radio proximity fuze and 200 lb blast warhead.

The Mark 1 was a beam rider missile, meaning the target had to be continually illuminated by the directing radar, so the system was limited to engaging only the number of targets that there were radars to track and lock on.

 * Attack Velocity: 685 mi/h
 * Range: 30000 yd
 * Ceiling: 55000 ft

Mark 2 (GWS.2)
The Seaslug Mark 2 was based on the aborted Blue Slug programme to develop an anti-ship missile using the Seaslug missile and guidance system. The project was cancelled in favour of the "Green Cheese" missile, a tactical nuclear anti-ship weapon, but other project developments were incorporated into what became the Mark 2. It had improved low altitude performance and a limited anti-ship capability and entered service in 1971. The Mark 2 utilized an improved beam-riding guidance system. and solid-state electronics. It was powered by the Deerhound sustainer motor, with Retriever boosters. Control was by a modified Type 901M radar and it had an improved infra-red proximity fuze and a continuous-rod warhead with a smaller, 56 lb, explosive charge (RDX-TNT) and an unfold diameter of about 70 feet (10 mm steel rods were used)

 * Attack velocity: 1370 mi/h
 * Range: 35000 yd
 * Ceiling: 65000 ft

The capabilities of the new Sea Slug Mk 2, an almost 2.5 ton missile, were much improved compared to the previous Mk 1. The boosters gave a total of about 60 tons-force, with 186 kg fuel for each one (145 kg in the Mk 1), accelerating it to over Mach 2. When they separated because the extreme drag made by the rings all around the missile, the solid fuel sustainer Deerhound started to burn its 440 kg of propellant (390 kg for the Mk 1) and gave about 1,820 kg/s for 38 seconds. The slender missile remained at over Mach 2-2.5 until the flameout. The missile was made fully controllable about ten seconds after firing, followed by a radio-beacon while it was centered in the radar beam; and armed the proxy fuse (infra-red) at about 1 km from the target, if 'hot', while if 'cold' the missile was detonated by command sent from the ship.

The range could be even more than 35,000 yards, especially at high altitude, with head-on supersonic targets. One of the longest shots recorded was made by HMS Antrim against a target over 58,000 yd away, with an impact at 34.500 with about 46 seconds flight time. The missile was capable to reach potentially aven higher altitude and longer range than nominally assested: even after the engine flameout (over 40 seconds after launch), it retained very high speeds, and one of them even surpassed 85,000 ft before being self-destructed, about one minute after the firing

For both Mark 1 and Mark 2 Sea Slug there were drill rounds (painted blue) for the purpose of training and display rounds (painted red) which could be loaded onto the launcher for port visits and public relations.

Nuclear variant (not built)
In addition, a nuclear-armed variant was planned using a low-yield fission warhead code-named Winkle. Winkle was never built as it was quickly supplanted by Pixie, a very small unboosted warhead with an all-plutonium fissile core tested at Maralinga, which was, in turn, replaced by Gwen — a British version of the US W54 Gnat unboosted warhead of approximate yield 0.5–2 kiloton of TNT-equivalent. The final warhead choice was Tony - a UK version of the W44 Tsetse boosted warhead, but all nuclear options for Seaslug were subsequently abandoned, and no nuclear-armed variant of Seaslug was ever deployed.

Royal Navy
The County-class destroyers were specifically built to carry Seaslug and its associated control equipment. The magazine was positioned amidships and missiles were assembled in a central gallery forward of the magazine before being passed to the launcher on the quarterdeck. The handling arrangements were designed with a nuclear-war environment in mind and were therefore entirely under cover.

Chilean Navy
Some of the County-class destroyers were sold to Chile for the Chilean Navy. The system was decommissioned after the rebuild of the four ships purchased by Chile in the early 1990s.

Former operators

 * 🇨🇱 Chile: Chilean Navy
 * : Royal Navy

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Seaslug (missile)


text:
Bill Dvorak

Bill Dvorak is a Salida, Colorado-based whitewater rafting outfitter. He is best known for organizing multi-day rafting trips on the Dolores and Green Rivers where professional classical musicians give nightly concerts. He claims to be a fifth cousin of classical composer Antonín Dvořák.

He grew up on a ranch in Wyoming and founded his river guiding company, Dvorak Expeditions, in 1979. During the 1980s, Dvorak Expeditions was one of the first companies to organize rafting trips for fishers on the Gunnison River. He has worked as a public land organizer for the National Wildlife Federation and advocated against the diversion of water from the Gunnison River to cities in Colorado.

title: Bill Dvorak


text:
Talk:Glenbrook North High School

Athletics
For some reason, and I assume it is because they are GBN students/alums, someone is inserting a very wordy section on the athletics, academics, and activities at GBN. Please keep in mind this is an encyclopedia article about GBN, not a chamber of commerce ad for GBN. These sections have been deleted for a second time and I hope they dont come back again. These items are very trivial and are not unique to GBN. I have a problem also with people writing about sports when they can only include what has happened recently and thus does not warrant inclusion in an encylopedia article because it is not unique. As the original author of the GBN article, I have noticed several edits from people that are students/alumni of GBN who are not grasping the context of this article in that it illustrates the uniquness of a suburban high school. Please dont use this article as a forum to toot your horn about your basketball team, debate team etc. Cordd

 * Instead of a paragraph about Scott Sanderson, I added sections on sports and notable alumni. Winning state championships is pretty significant for a high school, and I'd say that some of the people on the list of alumni are pretty notable, too.  Cheers.  --BaronLarf 21:24, Apr 25, 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I like the notable alumni section.Cordd

 * Does the disciplined character of the GBN article, which I like, mean that we must go forth and wield our cleavers on countless other high school entries (New Trier, Lake Forest Academy, Philips Exeter, etc, etc) which are many times longer with much more minutiae (it's travelogue, really)?
 * Still, even by the dryest standards, GBN has been sold short. I suggest it is noteworthy that GBN is the only large (Class AA in hoops) Illinois high school to win the state title in each of the big 3 sports, football, basketball and baseball.  However, I have refrained from adding this sentence (ready to go with citation), in deference to the author, until there is more discussion.  Jrgilb

Votes for deletion
Glenbrook North High School survived vfd. See: Votes for deletion/Glenbrook North High School -- Wile E. Heresiarch 16:09, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Another non-notable high school. I wish other articles could be this long. RickK 06:10, Aug 8, 2004 (UTC) ''End. Survived VfD. Moved discussion.''
 * Keep, but cut it down and NPOV it. The "power-puff" hazing incident made national headlines in the U.S. --Slowking Man 06:13, Aug 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, I agree with Slowking Man. It's notible enough that it merits a place here.  It has close to 4,000 google hits which is significantly more than a non-notible high school that I tested it against (my own, no claim to fame). -SocratesJedi 07:54, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: Kinda sorta wish the puff paragraphs were shorter, but I have no real gripe with them. Probably a good idea to amend the opening sentence so that it's clear off the bat that this article is here because the school has been in the news, and not because everyone should want to go there. Geogre 12:41, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Needs some cleanup. Speaking as a diehard nonnotable-secondary-school-deletionist... my argument has been that "local interest" pieces are far more acceptable if they say something interesting about the place. One of the arguments for keeping articles about high schools is that alums will get a warm fuzzy when they see the Wikipedia article; but the typical stubby article (address, district, number of students, name of principal) is pleasing to nobody, alum or stranger, and are not valuable nuclei that will induce bigger articles to crystallize around them. I think the combination of a) being setting for Ferris Bueller's Day Off, a notable movie IMHO, b) one silly "in-the-news" item, and c) one significant "in-the-news" item, justifies its inclusion. Plus it gets more Google hits than my own high school. Actually, I'll go further than that. IMHO, this article is a model of how to write a (marginally) keepable article about a marginally notable high school. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 15:03, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC) P. S. While Northrop High School is a model of what not to do. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 00:14, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Have we seen Northrop High School here yet? Also, Baltimore City College is a different model of what not to do (very notable school, so definitely not VfD).  I know two Wikipedians, one who went there and one who worked there, who can't persuade themselves to help it out. Geogre 04:04, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Just put Northrop High School up for discussion. (Incidentally, I vote Keep on this page, but please slim it down.)
 * Well beat me with a frozen turd and call me Ferris Bueller, but this is one high school article I vote to keep. Never thought I'd see the day, but there is enough actual newsworthiness her, plus sufficient salacious comment, that it provides info plus chuckle. Denni ☯ 01:53, 2004 Aug 10 (UTC)
 * Keep. What a nice change.  I remember when the "powder puff" thing made national news.  While I wouldn't probably vote to keep based on just that, when you throw in the Ferris Bueller connection and the other somewhat notable stuff, you get out a school easilly worth an article.  Isomorphic 04:17, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. For the news & film reasons mentioned above.  Sahasrahla 04:03 EDT, August 10, 2004
 * Yeah, keep - although I'll admit I initially thought that they had a Powerpuff-themed hazing. DS 22:47, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keepski - I went to this school and I was at the hazing incident. You guys who write stuff on Wikipedia are a bunch of nerds, but that's cool. Anyway, I made some changes that make the original entry better. Also, it's not Powerpuff, that's a t.v. show on Cartoon Network, it's Powderpuff, as in the sporting event where girls play the sport and guys are the cheerleaders. - Babb

FYI
GBN also stands for Glenbard North High School -- a school in Carol Stream, Illinois — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  02:40, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

Neutrality?
Just an observation, the "Media attention" section seems rather biased, hardly neutral, and not very well supported in claims (i.e. the media will do anything for attention, etc).

I believe I said that, "the media would do anything for better ratings for a couple of days," and that is true. But whatever, I'm just an innocent web surfer who happened to come across some folk who were talking about his former high school, without mentioning the many accomplishments that is associated with the school. Do you guys know that the Glenbrook North Debate Team was National champs for a couple of years in a row? I guess people only care about negative press though, and not press about accomplishments and positive news. In December of 2002, Glenbrook North bought one of their employees a new car and presents for her kids with money that one of the clubs raised. The story was in a couple of magazines, but like I said, you guys wouldn't put something like that in your definition because it is the bad stuff that counts. -- Babb

Page Name
Per a user request I've moved the page back to Glenbrook North High School, which is the name used for the school in the introductory line of the article. If you want it renamed again please discuss it here and reach consensus before unilaterally moving it. --kingboyk 19:53, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

Activities
Is "life saving" a real club? It seems like a joke that someone just posted. 128.12.71.14 05:59, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

Hazing Incident Deletion
I am curious as to why the deletion of all mention the famous "Powderpuff" hazing incident by an admitted school pupil has gone unnoticed. CatCrofts 00:27, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Glenbrook North High School shield.png
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BetacommandBot 00:50, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 14:29, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

Hazing incident section
The hazing incident section details something that happened over 5 years ago, and yet it's over 1/3 of the article. This seems to be undue weight, and should probably be trimmed down. Arthurrh (talk) 02:05, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

 * I disagree. Seems appropriate, well-written, and of sufficient length.  Dmarquard (talk) 04:00, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

I disagree. I went to Glenbrook North the year the hazing occured, and I feel it should be left up. It should be a reminder of the type of behaviour they allow at the school. It was more than just the powder puff football game. They over-emphasize social ability, they treat students who are not social or "outcasts" poorly. I mean the faculty, not just the students. It's a school that finally got the result, from years of promoting social competition over education. I mean, we're talking about girls who were put into such a state of competition, they used animal guts and feces on the girls they were "hazing". That's more like something I'd expect out of a Takashi Miike film.

Also there should be something said for the fact that the parents, did help the girls involved with the hazing. I mean more than just merely providing alcohol, who do you think got the animal guts for them while they were in high school? It's clear that the school cared more about their precious top school image, than actually punishing those sadistic girls. Actually it seems the school cares about their image above almost anything, which is probably another reason they hate "outcasts".

I hope this has helped you understand the importance of why the hazing part of Glenbrook North High School's page should remain there. As an example of some of the worst form of humilation and physical abuse that has occured from girl on girl hazing. Also, apperantly the school didn't want this getting out. If the school wasn't "sanctioning" the powder-puff football game, why did they allow the girls to wear the uniforms they planned on wearing to the hazing in the school? They must have known and just not have cared. They had far better things to contend with like "outcast" kids scaring the poor preppy students after Columbine. When we all now know who the real terrors are. Violet yoshi (talk) 04:43, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

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Great! Notoriety trumps progress, or Why delete GADGET, but not Glenbrook North & Hazing incident?
A nine-user debate on deleting Glenbrook North results in keeping the article for the notoriety of a female mud fight, while a four-user debate on deleting the GADGET (Glenbrook Aerospace Development Get-away Experiment Team) results in deletion per nomination (which reasoning is documented as "a club at one high school is entirely non-notable").

So now we have five external links that promote sites like. Meanwhile, there is no mention of the multiple science experiments flown from this one high school. What other High School has such a flown experiment count, especially considering only 120 Shuttle flights?  And a record of activities on the school web site?

But, while this notable Hazing incident and its cover up  ("...not make any book or movie deals about the incident...") continue the long tradition, educational outreach thru flown space science experiments reaches the end of a three decade life.

Do my comments violate NPOV? Perhaps. For example, until now, I have not called for a scientific examination of the need for graphic coverage of the need for young females to smear excrement on their bodies as a result of high school ritual, administrator discipline, parental encouragement and alcohol. Thus, from , 1. Use your experience: Consider the problem and try to make sense of it. Look for previous explanations. a) Alcohol+Females=>Shocking Graphics b) "High school ritual"==Hazing c) "Administrator discipline"=>"Reactionary behavior" d) "parental encouragement"=="Become adults with alcohol"

If this is a new problem to you, then move to step 2.

2. Form a conjecture: When nothing else is yet known, try to state an explanation, to someone else, or to your notebook. a) Parents or students or both, do not have their needs  met.  b) They engage (inappropriately) in behavior that seeks a satisfying control of their environment and acknowledgment by their peers.

3. Deduce a prediction from that explanation: If you assume 2 is true, what consequences follow? a) Consequence: rebellion against the authority whose rules suppress their environmental control needs, b) Consequence: rebellion against the authority whose rules suppress their acknowledgment needs, and c) Consequence: rebellion against the authority whose rules suppress their satisfaction needs, d) Consequence: rebellion against the authority whose rules suppress their self-esteem.

4. Test : Look for the opposite of each consequence in order to disprove 2. It is a logical error to seek 3 directly as proof of 2. This error is called affirming the consequent. a) Opposite of 3a)= Embrace of the authority whose rules suppress their environmental control needs, b) Opposite of 3b)= Embrace of the authority whose rules suppress their acknowledgment needs, c) Opposite of 3c)= Embrace of the authority whose rules suppress their satisfaction needs, and d) Opposite of 3d)= Embrace of the authority whose rules suppress their self-esteem.

Yet, the ultimate result to the hazing incident was for the parents and students to embrace the rules and authority of the administration, desiring to graduate, complying with the gag request, serving sentences for conviction of charges on assault, battery and provision of alcohol. Therefore, the prediction is disproved, and the theory fails.

I also violate "No original research" here, so I am so glad I did this on the Talk pages and not in the article.

Then am I to conclude that Notoriety trumps progress? And if so, on with the documentation of shocking orgy and excess? Let's all ignore the progress of science education, because (ho, hum) exemplary science education is everywhere practiced well as a matter of course... and let's face it, it IS very Boring... and life is more than bean counting photons... I'm so tired...  come on, let's give it up for a while...  Thank you Wikipedia, for letting me learn how to frame an argument... and   why my thoughts do not always fit into logic...  Outrage turns to ennui, and reflection reframes thought. SalineBrain (talk) 18:01, 14 October 2008 (UTC)

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DECA
What is DECA? Kdammers (talk) 16:03, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

Debate
Upd(eb)ate: 2016 Illinois champions, qualifying for the Tournament of Champions. Since 1982, 18 state champions; since 1980, 13 national champions.(Glenview Announcements April 21, 2016, p. 13: "Glenview debaters heading to nationals" by Irv Leavitt. '') Kdammers (talk) 16:11, 21 April 2016 (UTC)

Notoriety of the alumnus and NCT Member Johnny
There have been many attempts by fans of the South Korean band "NCT" to add one of the members, John Suh, an alumnus of the high school, to the wikipedia page. Although he does not have an individual wikipedia page, his band does. Does this qualify him to be on the list of notable alumni, or should it be left alone? There are some members of Kpop groups who have their own pages, so that would seem to indicate that until he has his own page and gains notoriety for his individual accomplishments, he should remain off this list. What are your thoughts? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lukestepford (talk • contribs) 21:06, 14 July 2020 (UTC)

Revamping Article
Hi, I'm improving this article like I did for Northbrook, Illinois. I am going to largely base it off of other high schools' pages like Naples High School and Lane Tech College Prep High School. Feel free to help and fix any errors (especially with citing sources). — Preceding unsigned comment added by Meme Star27 (talk • contribs) 00:32, 20 April 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Glenbrook North High School


text:
Talk:Bill Dvorak

Expansion planned
Bill Dvorak, related to the Czekoslovakian composer how? 5th Cousin on Fathers side.

of Salida Colorado was instrumental in establishing the sport of Whitewater Raftinghow when why

He assisted in the development of safety guidelines and policies in the sport, as well as the licensing requirements for river recreation professionals in the United States. what did he do exactly

He holds the first issued river recreation outfitters,license number 001 what is the license called State of Colorado River Outfitter's License 001.

His company runs trips throughout the American Southwest and in some other countries which? New Zealand, Nepal as well. how are the guides trained

The Salida Colorado based firm runs daily river trips during the rafting season, using inflatable rafts, what type Avon, Hyside, Incept rafts. and both hardshell and inflatable kayaks, on one the of the most popular river runs in the world, through Brown's Canyon on the Upper Arkansas River. and other rivers located in In Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, New Mexico geography here

This river run includes, among others, a section of class V (Royal Gorge, Pine Creek, Numbers and Gore Canyon of the Colorado) what are they? rapids known as The Numbers, describe the drops which has been used as a training location for the U.S. Olympic Kayaking Team. Other difficult named rapids on the run are Big Drop, Raft Ripper, Pinball and Seidell's Suckhole - a dangerous drop with a powerful 'hydraulic' or 'hole' which has sucked trained numerous trained professional river guides right out of the aft end of their boat. case of beer penalty traditional

this is in progress as of August 8 2004 feel free to edit this mercilessly and add whatever. Pedant 07:44, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Redirection
Is it proper redirection: Bill Dvořák --> Bill Dvorak, shouldn't be reversed: Bill Dvorak --> Bill Dvořák? Visor 16:07, 20 April 2006 (UTC)

Move from Bill Dvořák to Bill Dvorak
All six reliable sources that I've cited in the article refer to this guy as plain "Dvorak", as does his company's website. I haven't seen a single counterexample, so I'm going to boldly move this page to Bill Dvorak. —Neil 18:18, 30 September 2013 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Bill Dvorak


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Talk:List of laser types

Untitled
Added many new types of lasers (doubled the list size :o) which I feel pretty well completes the list (can't think of any other types out there), though there is still editing to be done... --Deglr6328 07:48, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Well there are certainly more lasers out there - we have Ce:LiSAF but not Cr:LiSAF, for instance; Cr:YAG, Co:MgF2, Pr:YLF, and Er:YAG to name just four more less obscure than some already listed, and I have a textbook with (at least) a hundred more solid-state lasers. It'll never been complete, but good job expanding it anyway. -- DrBob 20:21, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Cobalt lasers? Who knew. Anyway, there isn't much information online about many of these weird, seemingly, one time demoed lasers http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1988IJQE...24.1100S so it would be great if you could add some from your book! :) Also I suspect that most of the difficult to realize lasers invented in the 70's and 80's have long since fallen totally out of use due to the advances in nonlinear optics, OPCPA, and tunable semiconductor lasers of today. Though this is no reason not to list them here of course. BTW what book is it that you are looking at? --Deglr6328 03:56, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The book is Crystalline Lasers: Physical Processes and Operating Schemes by A.A. Kaminskii (CRC Press, 1996) and it has, at closer count, about 700 different solid-state laser media listed in it. As you say, practically speaking most of these are of little interest; whole swathes of them are obsoleted by Ti:sapphire, for instance. I'll try to add more on the some of the more useful ones I know about. -- DrBob 22:55, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Ow. my eyes! It would be more useful if this list were in some order. Possible useful orders would be, 'shortest lasing line', 'longest used lasing line', 'lasing line with highest gain', 'most commonly used lasing line', or 'date of discovery'. Since more information would be required for most of those sorts, I'll have to ask someone else to do it rather than doing it myself.

 * Doing it by longest used line or highest gain line would be a real PAIN, many different types have very close lasing lines and you'd need to get angstrom level wavelength accuracy to organize them all.....YUCK. But yes, the list should be organized. I think it should be done by material state of the lasimg medium (eg. gas lasers and metal vapor lasers, chemical jet lasers, doped crystal lasers, dye and liquid lasers, diode lasers, etc.) and then inside thsese categories simply alphabetically. I might get around to this.....someday...--Deglr6328 03:56, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

If we were really to be on the cutting edge, there should probably be some discussion regarding X-Ray lasers pumped by nuclear weapons. There certainly was work (apparently at least somewhat successful work) going on back in the early Star Wars / SDI days with Edward Teller hyping these heavily. Does anyone agree on their inclusion here?

Atlant 15:01, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Sure! I've already added one made at RAL in the UK. Most of the others were demonstrated at LLNL's NOVA facility in the 80's and 90's. Pretty much the only thing in popular press is going to be "x-ray laser created with super powerful lasers" or some such. To get actual details on the mechanism of thier action, lasing wavelength etc. you'll probably have to go to primary sources like publications in phys. review letters or something.....good luck!--Deglr6328 17:31, 23 Dec 2004 (UTC)

radiowave lasers
I was wondering if there really ARE radiowave lasers out there or not since there is apparently a x-ray laser. I have heard talks of radiowave lasers on other sites in regards to a Tesla Wireless Transmission of Power project, can someone tell me about this?

 * Most radiowaves are inherently coherent (in the way that laser beams are coherent light) as a natural result of the way they are generated. And if the radio antenna is large enough compared to the wavelength of the radio wave, a highly-directional beam of coherent radio waves can be emitted. Most radar operates in that fashion as do microwave communication links and the like. But yes, masers exist as well and they operate for microwaves exactly like lasers operate for light.

 * Atlant 23:11, 20 July 2005 (UTC)

fiber lasers
This page completely ignores fiber lasers, which have shown to generate far higher average powers than conventional solid state lasers because of greatly reduced thermal stresses (H. M. Pask, R. J. Carman, D. C. Hanna, A. C. Tropper, C. J. Mackechnie, P. R. Barber, and J. M. Dawes, "Ytterbium-Doped Silica Fiber Lasers: Versatile Sources for the 1-1.2 µm Region," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 1, 2-13 (1995)) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.242.165.194 (talk) 04:47, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

Where does this go?
In clearing red links out of cascade, I created a stub for quantum cascade laser. Could you experts check it for accuracy, and put it in the proper place on this list? Thanks! — Catherine\talk 21:35, 9 September 2005 (UTC)

refs
Such an article should have long list of references. If you have some in hands, help please. dima (talk) 02:54, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I've got my Verdeyen still lying around, but I wouldn't be able to start right away. — Laura Scudder ☎ 15:30, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

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WBS
What is a WBS laser? I can't seem to find the acronym means. Cheers! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.83.79.82 (talk) 18:20, 8 February 2020 (UTC)

Should metal-vapor lasers be a subcategory of gas lasers?
Metal-vapor lasers don't have their own article so far, but are listed as one specific type on the page for gas lasers: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_laser#Metal-vapor_lasers.

If that's how they are classified, this should be reflected in the hierarchy of this page as well.

WaterSquirrel (talk) 09:37, 4 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of laser types


text:
User:William13

I'm just me. I don't have much about myself now but I will add more later.

title: User:William13


text:
Christa B. Allen

Christa Brittany Allen (born November 11, 1991 ) is an American actress. She is known for playing the younger version of Jennifer Garner's character in both 13 Going on 30 (2004) and Ghosts of Girlfriends Past (2009). In 2006, she starred as the titular character in the CBS children's television series Cake. She played socialite Charlotte Grayson on the ABC drama television series Revenge from 2011 to 2015.

Early life
Allen was born in Wildomar, California. She is the youngest of nine siblings, with eight older brothers. She once spent a summer in a circus.

Career
Allen made a brief appearance on The Man Show, and appeared in several students films and commercials. She played the younger version of Jennifer Garner's character in the comedy film, 13 Going on 30 (2004), when she was 11 years old. She again played Garner's younger version in Ghosts of Girlfriends Past (2009). She also had roles in numerous films, including A Merry Little Christmas (2006), Youth in Revolt (2009), One Wish (2010), One Kine Day (2011) and Detention of the Dead (2012). Allen starred as the titular character in the CBS children's television series Cake in 2006.

In 2011, Allen landed one of the main roles as socialite Charlotte Grayson in ABC's drama series Revenge. Allen's last credited appearance as a series regular was the sixth episode of the fourth season, but later returned for the series finale as a guest star. She had guest roles in television shows such as Medium, Cory in the House, The Suite Life on Deck, Grey's Anatomy, ER, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Wizards of Waverly Place and Cold Case. In 2015, she had a recurring role as Robyn on the ABC Family sitcom Baby Daddy. In May 2021, she wrote an essay about turning 30 years old for Yahoo!'s website.

Allen is part of a musical act called Pour Vous, which means “for you” in French, with Johnny What. In April 2018, the duo's first single called "Scorpio" was released.

title: Christa B. Allen


text:
Echelon

Echelon may refer to:

 * A level formation
 * A level or rank in an organization, profession, or society
 * A military sub-subunit smaller than a company but larger than a platoon
 * Echelon formation, a step-like arrangement of units
 * ECHELON, a worldwide electronic intelligence-gathering operation, within the UKUSA Agreement, mainly for industry espionage

Places

 * Echelon, New Jersey

Sciences

 * En echelon veins, geological feature
 * Row echelon form, in mathematics, a kind of matrix

Arts

 * Echelon (band), a four-piece band hailing from Essex, England
 * The Echelon, fanbase of the band Thirty Seconds to Mars, named after a song on their debut album.
 * Echelons (album)

Games

 * Echelon (1987 video game), a space flight simulator by Access Software
 * Echelon (2001 video game), a flight simulator game published by Buka Entertainment
 * Echelon (board game), a 1989 quiz-based board game
 * Echelon (warez), a game console warez organization

Businesses

 * Echelon Place, a former project by Boyd Gaming resort, unfinished site sold to Resorts World
 * Echelon Mall, old name of Voorhees Town Center
 * Echelon Corporation, a defunct American maker of control networks

Other uses

 * Echelon parking, a way of arranging parked cars
 * Echelon pistol Springfield Armory Echelon, a 9mm pistol made by Springfield Armory, Inc.

title: Echelon


text:
PASM

PASM may refer to:

 * Parrot assembly language
 * Pima Air & Space Museum, in Tucson, Arizona, United States
 * Program, aperture priority, shutter priority, and manual modes on the mode dial in many cameras
 * St. Mary's Airport (Alaska), ICAO location indicator: PASM
 * Porsche Active Suspension Management, an electronic damping control system

title: PASM


text:
Ladbroke Grove

Ladbroke Grove is an area and a road in North Kensington in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, passing through Kensal Green and Notting Hill, running north–south between Harrow Road and Holland Park Avenue.

It is also a name given to the immediate surrounding areas of Kensal Town, Latimer Road, Kensal Green and Westbourne Park straddling the W10 and W11 postal districts although parts of the wider area cover parts of NW10. Ladbroke Grove tube station is located on the road, at the point where it is crossed by the Westway.

Ladbroke Grove is the nearest tube station to Portobello Road Market. The adjacent bridge and nearby section of the Westway were regenerated in 2007 in a partnership including Urban Eye, Transport for London and London Underground. It is the main road on the route of the annual Notting Hill Carnival. The northern end between the Harrow Road and Kensal House is located in Kensal Green, the middle section between Barlby Road and the A40 flyover is in North Kensington with the southern end between Lancaster road and Holland Park Avenue situated in Notting Hill.

History
The area and the street are named after James Weller Ladbroke, who developed the Ladbroke Estate in the 1840s. It was originally a predominantly rural area on the western edges of London. Construction at the southern end by Holland Park Avenue began in the 1830s, but the road was not fully developed to Harrow Road until the 1870s.

Hablot Knight Browne, the cartoonist who illustrated Charles Dickens' novels as "Phiz", lived at No. 99 in 1872–80.

Churches
The church of St John the Evangelist was constructed in 1845 on the site of the Hippodrome on the Ladbroke Estate, which had closed four years earlier.

The Anglican church of St Michael and All Angels in the road was designed by James Edmeston and built in the Romanesque style in 1871. The funds were provided by J. E.Gray, the father of the first vicar, the Reverend Edward Ker Gray: the foundation stone was laid on 1 November 1870 by a cousin of the Grays, John Mowbray. The church became fashionable with members of the Royal Family. The Duke of Edinburgh played the violin in the church orchestra. The vicarage was built in 1876, with the foundation stone being laid by the Duchess of Teck. The Lady Chapel was opened by the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh in 1882. However, in 1886, the Reverend Gray moved to the Curzon Street Chapel and St Michael's became less fashionable.

The Serbian Orthodox Church of St Sava is on Lancaster Road, just off Ladbroke Grove. The church building was originally built in 1903 as the Anglican church of St Columba; in 1952 it was re-consecrated as Saint Sava's, to serve a growing community of post-war refugees. It was the venue for the baptism of Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia, son of Peter II, in 1945, and his second marriage in 1985. Princess Maria Tatiana, daughter of Prince Andrew of Yugoslavia, was baptised there in 1957. In 2013, it was the venue for the memorial service of Princess Margarita of Baden.

The former church of Christ Church, Telford Road was opened in 1881, and closed in 1940 when the parish merged with St Michaels. The church building was demolished.

Music and culture
Ladbroke Grove was a centre of the British counterculture in the 1960s. The area was blacklisted for development following 1958 Notting Hill race riots, and consequently found favour with individuals who distrusted authority, moving into unmodernised Victorian properties along the road. The space rock band Hawkwind were formed here in 1969, and eventually bonded and worked with fantasy author Michael Moorcock who was then a resident. Moorcock's work often contain references to Ladbroke Grove, the location being the headquarters of his fictional characters Jerry Cornelius and Colonel Pyat.

The Deviants (formerly the Social Deviants) and Pink Fairies were musical groups out of the Ladbroke Grove UK underground movement, from which a number of bands would emerge, influenced by anarchistic singer/writer Mick Farren. Punk group The Clash also formed locally in 1976; frontman Joe Strummer squatted around Ladbroke Grove before joining the group. The Roughler magazine emerged in the 1980s and 1990s to chronicle the antics of the more Bohemian residents, including the legendary Portobello Pantos.

Ladbroke Grove features as the scene of Van Morrison's 1968 song "Slim Slow Slider" from Astral Weeks, and is mentioned in the 1970s pop hit "One Man Band" by Leo Sayer. The Pulp song "I Spy", from the album Different Class, features the line "your Ladbroke Grove looks turn me on". The Blur songs "Fool's Day" and "Lonesome Street" also feature Ladbroke Grove in their lyrics. As does the song "Joel" by The Boo Radleys, with the line, "I've found myself in Ladbroke Grove" from the album Wake Up!. The Slits song "Ping Pong Affair" from the album Cut, also features Ladbroke Grove in its lyrics.

"Beautiful Stanger" by Laufey mentions Ladbroke Grove in the line "What if I hadn't left the train at Ladbroke Grove." "LDN" by Lily Allen mentions Ladbroke Grove in an overdubbed chorus of London placenames. Killing Joke have released an EP (In Excelsis) that features two mixes of a song called "Ghost Of Ladbroke Grove". The UK rapper AJ Tracey's hit "Ladbroke Grove" is named after the road which he is from; it peaked at number 3 on the UK singles chart. Mahdi made his first music video in Ladbroke Grove. The posthumous music video of the Lil Peep release "4 Gold Chains" is set at 121 Ladbroke Grove.

In 1977, a brief encounter between musicians Phil Collins and Steve Hackett on Ladbroke Grove finalised the latter's departure from the progressive rock band Genesis.

From the 2010s to today Ladbroke Grove has been home to some of the most prominent grime and drill artists, such as AJ Tracey and Digga D.

Rail
Ladbroke Grove tube station is located halfway along the road, and is served by the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines. The Westway, part of a main road from Central London to Oxford crosses in the same location, though there is no junction. The road also has bridges over the Great Western Main Line from London Paddington station, and the Grand Union Canal.

Crossrail
At a site just to the east of the Old Oak Common site, Kensington and Chelsea Council has been pushing for a station at Kensal off Ladbroke Grove and Canal Way, as a turn-back facility will have to be built in the area anyway. Siting it at Kensal Green, rather than next to Paddington itself, would provide a new station to regenerate the area. Boris Johnson stated that a station would be added if it did not increase Crossrail's overall cost; in response, Kensington and Chelsea Council agreed to underwrite the projected £33 million cost of a Crossrail station. TfL is conducting a feasibility study on the station and the project is backed by National Grid, retailers Sainsbury's and Cath Kidston, and Jenny Jones (Green Party member of the London Assembly). The plans were resurrected by Johnson in 2016.

Incidents
On 5 October 1999, two trains on the Great Western Main Line near Ladbroke Grove crashed into each other at a combined speed of over 130 mph, leading to the diesel fuel of one of the trains igniting and setting fire to both. Thirty one people died and over 400 were injured, including severe burns. The cause of the crash was determined to be lack of suitable visibility of signals. The crash, combined with further major incidents at Hatfield and Potters Bar, shook confidence in the British rail network.

Bus
Ladbroke Grove is served by London Buses routes 7, 23, 52, 70, 228, 295, 316, 452 and N7.

Notable residents

 * Rita Ora, British singer/songwriter grew up in Ladbroke Grove.
 * AJ Tracey, rapper, best known for his song "Ladbroke Grove", grew up in Ladbroke Grove.
 * Chrissie Hynde, American musician, lead vocalist with The Pretenders.
 * Anthony Sampson, journalist and writer, 27 Ladbroke Grove.
 * Hugh Thomas, historian, 29 Ladbroke Grove.
 * Hayley Atwell, a British and American actress, most widely known for portraying Agent Peggy Carter.
 * Digga D, rapper, member of CGM.
 * Javine Hylton, singer, hailed from Ladbroke Grove.
 * Lily Allen, British singer/songwriter lives in Ladbroke Grove.
 * Cleo Sol, British singer/songwriter, member of Sault.
 * Noel Clarke, British actor, writer and director known for his role in Doctor Who and for writing, directing and starring in the teen crime films Kidulthood, Adulthood and Brotherhood.
 * Central Cee, rapper.

Notes and references
Citations

Sources

title: Ladbroke Grove