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U.S. Route 167

U.S. Route 167 is a north-south United States Highway within the U.S. states of Louisiana and Arkansas. It runs for 500 mi from Ash Flat, Arkansas at U.S. Route 62/U.S. Route 412 to Abbeville, Louisiana at Louisiana Highway 14. It goes through the cities of Little Rock, Arkansas, Alexandria, Louisiana, and Lafayette, Louisiana.

Some of the highway's route has been combined with or parallels Interstate 49 in Louisiana. Between Junction City, Arkansas, and Ruston, Louisiana, U.S. 167 runs concurrent with U.S. 63.

Louisiana
U.S. Highway 167 in Louisiana runs 241.05 mi in a north–south direction from the national southern terminus at Louisiana Highway 14 Business (LA 14 Bus.) in Abbeville to the Arkansas state line at Junction City.

The route cuts through the center of Louisiana for roughly its entire length and passes through two of the state's metropolitan areas, Lafayette and Alexandria. Between those cities, US 167 ranges in character from an urban freeway to a lightly traveled two-lane collector. During this stretch, it overlaps the southern 23 mi of Interstate 49 (I-49) from Lafayette through Opelousas before making a diversion through rural Evangeline Parish to serve the small city of Ville Platte.

US 167 follows a combination of I-49 and the Pineville Expressway through Alexandria and Pineville, crossing the Red River via the twin-span Purple Heart Memorial Bridge. US 167 remains a surface four-lane highway through northern Louisiana and is the primary north–south route through Winnfield, Jonesboro, and Ruston. The northern portion of the route, beginning at the I-20 interchange in Ruston, also carries the first 35 mi of US 63.

On its southern end, US 167 began near Colfax, Louisiana when designated as one of the original numbered U.S. Highways in 1926. However, the route was extended to Abbeville in 1949 over a number of existing state highways, more than doubling its length within Louisiana. Since that time, US 167 has experienced several alignment shifts as freeways were constructed in its two urban areas. More recently, all but approximately 40 mi of the route was widened to four lanes as part of the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (La DOTD) TIMED program.

Abbeville to Lafayette
From the south, US 167 begins at an intersection with LA 14 Bus. (Port Street) in the Vermilion Parish city of Abbeville, located in southern Louisiana. The route heads north on Park Avenue, an undivided four-lane thoroughfare, and crosses mainline LA 14 (West Summers Drive). US 167 travels due north from Abbeville and becomes a divided four-lane highway on a wide right-of-way upon entering rural surroundings. The highway will repeat this pattern throughout the majority of its distance in Louisiana. Passing through Maurice, US 167 has a brief concurrency with LA 92. The highway then curves to the northeast and crosses into Lafayette Parish.

US 167 enters the suburban outgrowth of Lafayette and crosses the city limits just beyond a junction with LA 733 (East Broussard Road). The highway, locally known as Johnston Street, becomes a busy commercial corridor near the Acadiana Mall and intersects several major thoroughfares on the southwest side of town, including LA 3073 (Ambassador Caffery Parkway) and LA 3025 (College Road). Nearing the downtown area, US 167 passes the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, located at a junction with US 90 Bus./LA 182 (University Avenue). The route turns northwest onto the Evangeline Thruway, a one-way pair, and overlaps US 90 for about ten blocks. This short stretch represents the only non-freeway six-lane portion of US 167 in Louisiana. On the north side of town, the highway passes through a cloverleaf interchange with I-10 at exit 103, connecting with Baton Rouge to the east and Lake Charles to the west. This interchange also marks the southern terminus of I-49.

I-49 concurrency and rural two-lane
US 167 utilizes the alignment of I-49 for the next 23 mi. The freeway initially carries six lanes of traffic but quickly narrows to four through lanes. The highway crosses from Lafayette into Carencro at exit 2, which connects to LA 98 (Gloria Switch Road). Carencro proper is served by exit 4, connecting with LA 726. North of Carencro, I-49/US 167 intersects the parallel LA 182 before crossing into St. Landry Parish.

In St. Landry Parish, the freeway cuts through the adjacent communities of Sunset and Grand Coteau, served by exit 11 to LA 93. Further north, the route skirts the eastern edge of the city of Opelousas, which is accessed by exit 18 to LA 31 (Creswell Lane) and exit 19 to US 190. US 167 departs from the alignment of I-49 at the next exit and heads west through a point known as Nuba and a junction with LA 10 and LA 182.

Narrowing to an undivided two-lane highway, US 167 travels northwest, overlapping LA 10 into Evangeline Parish. Here, the highway enters the city of Ville Platte and diverges onto the one-way pair of LaSalle and Main Streets through the center of town. During this stretch, US 167 intersects and briefly overlaps LA 29. After narrowing to two lanes again, US 167 turns due north at the western edge of Ville Platte and separates from LA 10. The highway passes to the east of Millers Lake and through an area known as Bayou Chicot, where it intersects LA 106. A few miles later, US 167 reaches a T-intersection with LA 13 in Turkey Creek. US 167 turns north to continue the path of LA 13 and travels several miles through a very sparsely populated area.

Alexandria metropolitan area
US 167 crosses into Rapides Parish just north of Clearwater and crosses under I-49 at exit 61. Soon afterward, it reaches a T-intersection with US 71 near Meeker and departs from the last stretch of two-lane pavement along its route. US 167 turns northwest and follows the alignment of US 71 alongside the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) line for the next 13 mi through Lecompte, Lamourie, and Chambers. In Chambers, the highway passes the Louisiana State University at Alexandria, located about 4 mi south of the Alexandria city limits.

Upon entering Alexandria, the principal city of central Louisiana, US 71 and US 167 engage into an interchange with I-49 at exit 80. (This interchange is also exit 63 on US 71.) US 167 takes the entrance ramp to begin another concurrency with I-49, while US 71 proceeds straight ahead onto MacArthur Drive co-signed as US 167 Bus.  This time, the freeway begins with four through lanes and widens to six lanes further into town. On the edge of the business district, US 167 departs from I-49 a final time via exit 84 and transitions onto the Pineville Expressway joined with LA 28. As the highway elevates to begin the approach onto the Red River bridge, ramps connect to LA 1 and LA 28 Bus. via the grade-level one-way pair of Casson and Fulton Streets. This interchange also reconnects US 167 Bus. to the parent route, though it is not signed here. US 167 proceeds over the six-lane twin-span Purple Heart Memorial Bridge and crosses from Alexandria into the smaller adjacent city of Pineville.

US 167 is predominantly a grade-level four-lane freeway through the Pineville area with exits that do not utilize a numbering scheme. Tight diamond interchanges connect with LA 1250 (Shamrock Street) to Downtown Pineville and LA 107 toward Marksville. LA 28 departs to the east toward Jonesville at the next exit. US 167 curves northwest on the Pineville Expressway through Kingsville and intersects US 165, the main route connecting Alexandria with Monroe. Shortly afterward, in the community of Tioga, US 167 joins US 71 again briefly until the latter splits off toward Shreveport. Just before crossing into Grant Parish, the freeway ends as US 167 intersects LA 3225 at Creola.

North Louisiana
US 167 enters the Kisatchie National Forest at Prospect and remains within its boundaries throughout Grant Parish and into Winn Parish. Notable junctions along this stretch include LA 8 at Bentley, LA 123 in Dry Prong, and LA 500 at Packton. About 9 mi north of Packton, US 167 curves due west onto East Lafayette Street in the town of Winnfield. The route overlaps US 84 and LA 34 through the center of town, where it crosses over the Canadian Pacific Kansas City (CPKC) railway line and transitions onto West Court Street. With the other highways departing to the south and west, US 167 resumes its northerly course out of Winnfield, passing through Dodson and into Jackson Parish.

US 167 follows the CPKC into the town of Jonesboro, where it travels along Old Winnsboro Road. After beginning a concurrency with LA 147, US 167 intersects LA 4 (East Main Street) in the center of town. Just north of Jonesboro, US 167 passes through the adjacent communities of Hodge and North Hodge, where LA 147 turns off to the northwest. US 167 winds its way through Quitman, Ansley, and Clay before crossing into Lincoln Parish.

In Lincoln Parish, US 167 proceeds north into the city of Ruston and diverges onto the one-way pair of Vienna and Trenton Streets. The route overlaps US 80 for nine blocks and also begins a longer concurrency with LA 146 at California Avenue. Heading out of the business district, US 167 passes through an interchange with I-20, connecting with Shreveport to the west and Monroe to the east. This interchange also marks the southern terminus of US 63, and the two highways will remain paired throughout the remainder of their distance in Louisiana. North of Ruston, the rural surroundings return once again. While passing through Vienna, LA 146 departs to the west. US 167 proceeds through Unionville and Dubach before crossing into Union Parish.

In Union Parish, the highway enters Bernice, where it follows another one-way pair (Cherry and Plum Streets). In this small town, LA 2 Alt. utilizes the alignment of US 167 to reconnect to its parent route, LA 2. In Lillie, US 167 intersects the northern terminus of LA 15 just west of Spearsville. The route then curves northwest toward Junction City, located on the Arkansas state line. US 167 follows Main Street through town and intersects LA 9 (West Fifth Street). At 3rd Street, the highway crosses the state line into Junction City, Arkansas and proceeds northward co-signed with US 63 toward El Dorado.

Route classification and data
US 167 has several different functional classifications over the course of its route, as determined by the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (La DOTD). The route is classified as an urban principal arterial through most of the cities it serves. Outside of town, the majority of the route serves as a rural minor arterial south of Alexandria and as a rural principal arterial northward. Two notable exceptions are the portions running concurrent with I-49, which are classified as urban and rural interstates, and the portion between Ville Platte and Turkey Creek, which is a rural major collector. Daily traffic volume in 2013 peaked at 53,500 vehicles in Lafayette and 56,100 in Alexandria, both along concurrencies with I-49. The lowest count reported was 1,110 vehicles north of Turkey Creek.

Several pieces of the southern half of US 167 are included in the state-designated system of tourist routes known as the Louisiana Scenic Byways. The portion between Abbeville and Lafayette is part of the Jean Lafitte Scenic Byway, and much of the route through Evangeline Parish is part of the Zydeco Cajun Prairie Scenic Byway.

Arkansas
Highway 167 enters Arkansas at Junction City, a twin city with Junction City, Louisiana. Entering the state, Highway 167 is paired with U.S. Highway 63. The highways runs northeast through rural Union County to a junction with Highway 7 near the historic Joel Smith House. The three highways begin a concurrency intersect U.S. Highway 82 shortly after entering El Dorado. North of this junction is a grade-separated intersection with U.S. Highway 82B and U.S. Highway 167B, leading into downtown El Dorado and the El Dorado Commercial Historic District. The next intersection is with Main Street and is also grade-separated. Highway 63 breaks from the aforementioned concurrency to the east toward Warren. Following an interchange with Champagnolle Road, Highway 167 ends its overlap with Highway 7 by exiting the freeway and heading north toward Calion. This intersection also serves as the northern terminus for Highway 167B, with Highway 7 continuing north toward Smackover. Highway 167 runs north through sparsely populated parts of southern Calhoun County prior to entering Hampton, the county seat. The highway intersects U.S. Highway 278 (Main Street) and passes by the historic Calhoun County Courthouse and the Hampton Waterworks, both listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In the northern part of the county, Highway 167 meets another of its three business routes in the state, which runs into downtown Thornton. Highway 167 continues northeast to a junction with U.S. Highway 79, and the two routes begin a concurrency toward Fordyce.

Original southern terminus and extensions
US 167 was designated in November 1926 as one of the original routes of the numbered U.S. Highway system. At that time, it was a much shorter route with a southern terminus at US 71 between Aloha and Colfax, northwest of Alexandria. The entire route within Louisiana followed an auto trail organized in 1919 known as the Pershing Way. Like the more well-known and established Jefferson Highway, the Pershing Way was promoted as an international highway stretching from New Orleans to Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. However, the two followed entirely different routes through Louisiana that intersected in Alexandria. While the Jefferson Highway traveled diagonally across the state, the Pershing Way made an "L" by heading west from New Orleans to Lafayette via the Old Spanish Trail (another auto trail and the predecessor of US 90) before turning north and cutting through the center of the state. When Louisiana implemented a numbering system for its state highways in 1921, the Pershing Way was designated as State Route 5. Once the state began signposting its U.S. Highways in 1928, they remained co-signed with their respective state designations until a renumbering of the system in 1955 eliminated such concurrencies.

Since its creation in 1926, the southern terminus of US 167 has been moved twice. In 1932, the highway was shifted south of Winnfield to follow State Route 99, an early addition to the state highway system that had recently been paved. This change took the highway through Dry Prong to a different junction with US 71 near Creola, slightly extending the route and allowing a more direct connection with Alexandria. The original alignment was a gravel route that followed what is now LA 471 through Verda to Atlanta and LA 34 from Atlanta to Winnfield.

US 167 assumed its full length in Louisiana in 1949, when the designation was extended over existing highways southward to Abbeville. State Route 43 carried the highway from Abbeville to Lafayette with the old Pershing Way (Route 5) taking it from there as far as Nuba, a point between Opelousas and Washington. The remainder of the distance to Alexandria was primarily composed of State Route 22 to Ville Platte, State Route 23 to Bayou Chicot, State Route 218 to Turkey Creek, State Route 26 to Meeker, and the concurrent US 71/State Route 1 into the city.

Early routings and special routes in Alexandria and Lafayette
In Alexandria, US 167 initially followed a path similar to its current business route and that of US 165. I-49 and the Pineville Expressway did not yet exist, and the primary through-town route followed MacArthur Drive, Lee Street, Bolton Avenue, and Murray Street into the downtown area. The highway crossed the Red River via the Murray Street Bridge, now demolished and replaced with the parallel Jackson Street Bridge. It continued through Pineville on Main Street, Military Highway, and Jefferson Highway to the modern junction of US 71 and US 165. The route then followed US 71 to Tioga and LA 3225 to Creola.

Shortly after its extension through Alexandria, a bypass route for US 167 was designated that followed MacArthur Drive (then known as the Alexandria Bypass) around the city and across the O.K. Allen Bridge upriver. Portions of this route were part of the existing US 71 Byp. and a new US 165 Byp. By 1953, mainline US 167 was routed over the O.K. Allen Bridge via Bolton Avenue, and the bypass was truncated to the intersection of Bolton Avenue and MacArthur Drive, which was a traffic circle at that time. This routing remained in effect until the early 1960s when US 167 was moved out of Downtown Alexandria altogether and absorbed the bypass route, which was then deleted.

In Lafayette, the route's other urbanized area, US 167 followed Johnston Street into town as it does today. However, it originally turned north onto University Avenue (then known as College Avenue) across US 90 and followed the present route of LA 182 through Carencro, Sunset, and Opelousas. The portion along University Avenue between Johnston and Cameron Streets in Lafayette was concurrent with US 90, as the Evangeline Thruway did not yet exist. Over the years, US 90 was shifted back-and-forth from its original routing through the courthouse square (with University Avenue signed as a bypass route) to the University Avenue alignment (with the courthouse alignment signed as a business route). During one short period in the mid-1950s when the former configuration was in effect, mainline US 167 was also routed through the courthouse square with a bypass route designated along University Avenue. The courthouse square route was as follows: Johnston Street, Jefferson Street, Main Street, St. John Street, and Cameron Street to University Avenue.

Alexandria business route
U.S. Highway 167 Business (US 167 Bus.) runs 5.39 mi in a north–south direction through the Rapides Parish city of Alexandria. It follows the former path of US 167 through town before it was shifted onto the newly completed I-49 in 1994.

From the south, US 167 Bus. begins at an interchange with I-49 (exit 80) and US 71 (exit 63) at the southern end of Alexandria. Mainline US 167 travels concurrently with I-49 to the north of the interchange and US 71 to the south. The business route heads northwest on MacArthur Drive, a divided four-lane highway with frontage roads, co-signed with US 71. It then turns northward onto Lee Street and becomes an undivided four-lane highway. After serving as a corridor for small commercial establishments for nearly 2 mi, US 167 Bus. cuts through a residential neighborhood via the one-way pair of Mason and Overton Streets. A dozen blocks later, the route reaches an intersection with Bringhurst Street. Here, US 167 Bus. proceeds straight ahead co-signed with LA 1 and LA 28 Bus.

The travel lanes converge as the highway immediately heads through an underpass of the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) line and crosses under both the elevated I-49 and Pineville Expressway (US 167/LA 28). For the next four blocks, US 167 Bus. diverges again onto the one-way pair of Casson and Fulton Streets near the southeast corner of the downtown area, effectively serving as frontage roads of the Pineville Expressway. Ramps connect to southbound I-49/US 167 and to the Pineville Expressway (northbound US 167 and eastbound LA 28) as the latter increases in elevation to cross the Red River via the twin-span Purple Heart Memorial Bridge into Pineville.

US 167 Bus. is classified as an urban principal arterial by the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (La DOTD). The average daily traffic volume in 2013 ranged from 7,300 to 24,400 vehicles with the highest counts recorded near the I-49 and US 167 interchanges at either end of the route. The posted speed limit is 50 mph along MacArthur Drive, reduced to 35 mph otherwise.

Major intersections

El Dorado business route
US Highway 167 Business (US 167B and Hwy. 167B) is a 2.97 mi business route of US Highway 167 in Union County, Arkansas.

Thornton business route
US Highway 167 Business (US 167B and Hwy. 167B) is a 1.67 mi business route of US Highway 167 in Calhoun County, Arkansas. The route was created following the completion of a bypass around Thornton when Highway 167 was rerouted onto the new alignment.

Sheridan business route
US Highway 167 Business (US 167B and Hwy. 167B) is a 6.81 mi business route of US Highway 167 in Grant County, Arkansas. It was created by the Arkansas State Highway Commission on September 11, 2013 following the designation of the new Highway 167 Sheridan bypass as mainline Highway 167, leaving the former alignment in the state highway system as a business route.

title: U.S. Route 167


text:
Talk:Falco (musician)

Bio
There's not much biographical information here. This could be fleshed out, e.g., his struggles with substance abuse, his sexuality, etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 163.231.6.65 (talk) 17:40, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

German?
I'd like to point out that Falco was not a German musician. He was, however, if "German" refers to the German language, but this usage would be absolutely misleading. Can we do something about that categorization?  01:18, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * He's been added to the German-language singers, clarifying that he's not necessarily German--DerRichter (talk) 18:23, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

My Changes
I didn't want to expand this into a ten-page dissertation, but it needed a little more.

The third paragraph ("Other well-known international hits") was somewhat confusing. It seemed to make more sense to put "Vienna Calling" together with "Jeanny" rather than mention it in the middle of a long section on "Der Kommissar."

Also, if we need not only ATF's hit cover, but also Laura Branigan's forgotten cover, there should be some mention of Falco's own "Der Kommissar 2000" and the Jason Nevins and Club 69 remixes of the original (Falco's only successful releases in English-speaking countries in over a decade).

The line about "considering a comeback" is a bit strange, since he had already hired a new manager and image consultant, signed a label contract, and recorded more than an album's worth of material (most of which came out posthumously as Out of the Dark and Verdammt...). Also, the article made it seem as if he had disappeared in 1986, but the discography made it seem as if he had been making music continuously (and therefore had no need of a comeback). So, I added a paragraph that should put it in context. However, the wording of "comeback" (although it might annoy some fans) is no problem; he called 1990, 1992, and 1996 comebacks himself, and he was bitterly depressed about never recapturing his early success in America. For more detail, see the link I added, or the liner notes/booklets to the various posthumous albums.

The tributes section needed a mention of the Bolland Bros' tribute. And, since the "Thank you, Taco" line is included (wrong) on Taco's page, it should be here.

Bloodhound Gang's "less than 100% sincere" tribute
I think they were actually more sincere than most people thing.

After Falco died, some people tried to organize a festival to raise money for a star on the Walk of Fame, with shows in Hollywood and Vienna. Bloodhound Gang heard about this and contacted the organizers to volunteer for both shows.

 * "the song 'Mope' is a tribute to Falco, and he is referred to as a 'money making player that ain't with us no more' and a 'gang banging thug that never seen it coming' ". This sentence was added on 30 April 2010 by an unregistered editor from an IP address only ever used once in Wikipedia.  It seems a strange way for the Bloodhound Gang to talk about someone whose tribute festival they volunteered for.  Has someone misunderstood the lyrics?  I suggest this should be "the song 'Mope' mentions Falco and samples 'Rock me Amadeus' ".  But I don't have the song.  (Chorleypie (talk) 13:14, 10 February 2012 (UTC))

I have a copy, in FLAC audio. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y-291DL4kplv7YN8TLz7CpQqrJ-SvHBp/view?usp=sharing HighTechHippie (talk) 22:43, 21 June 2018 (UTC)

Tributes
I removed some of the covers of "Rock Me Amadeus" from the Tributes section. They're not really tributes to Falco, at least no more so than any other cover songs, and they're already listed on the page for the song. Plus, there are literally dozens of covers and parodies of this song, and this page shouldn't become a list of them.

Instead, I just added "There have also been numerous covers and parodies of 'Rock Me Amadeus'" with a link to that page.

I'm still not sure everything in the Tributes section belongs here (does the Wedding Singer reference to the ATF cover really count?), but at least this trims it down a bit.

I also reorganized the tributes in chronological order (except that I'm not sure where to put Stahlhammer). They needed to be in some order....

If the Tributes section is going to be this long, it might be worth beefing up the other sections. I can do this if anyone's interested. The Disco Museum (linked) is a good starting place, if anyone else wants to take it up.

Also, the Discography section is a bit odd. Why include The Remix Hit Collection and not include all of the dozens of other best of, remix, and greatest hits collections (or at least the US ones).

 * Sorry for not signing this section and the preceding "My Changes" section. No, I'm not just taking credit now because of the flattery by Snowbound below (especially since there appear to be dozens of people who've worked on it, not just me), but that is how I noticed that I hadn't signed. So thanks. (I tried to find all the anonymous edits I made in February, but I somehow missed this one: Falco wasn't on my watchlist, but Talk:Falco was for some reason. P.S., Opera for PocketPC is pretty spiffy, but it's still too hard to edit Wikipedia on a PDA.)

 * Oh, and I lied; I did want to expand this into a ten-page dissertation, but I restrained myself (read: my Graffiti finger got tired). --Falcotron 06:44, 28 July 2006 (UTC)

Well, I went through and trimmed the rest of the non-tributes. Covering, spoofing, or just playing "Rock me Amadeus" is no more a tribute to Falco then it would be to Amadeus. Now the Simpsons actually calls it a tribute, that's obviously different. The Wedding Singer's version of Der Kommisar was in reference to the '83 charting of the Aftrer the Fire cover, not Falco. Padillah (talk) 13:46, 7 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, it looks like someone put everything back up, mostly the duplicated Rock Me Amadeus trivia. But I think this whole section is trivia anyway. -79.182.199.230 (talk) 08:42, 23 February 2010 (UTC)
 * While the content may strike some as trivial, the section is not trivia per se, it is a combination of tributes to the man (the plane) and media usage of his compositions and interpolations thereof. Having said that, there is probably too much detail of certain media usage here that is better included at that level of descriptiveness in articles about the songs themselves, not really being biographically relevant to Falco.  I speak particularly about the interpolations.  I'm going to weed that section down.  For the record, I do think the details I am about to edit out of this bio are relevant (if appropriately weighted) for the song articles.  Abrazame (talk) 11:17, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

Excellent
A very informative, respectful and well written article. Thank you to the person who worked on it. Snowbound 20:10, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

== discovered this page had been extensively vandalized in a crude, juvenile way. Tried to repair as much as possible.

Thank you for repairing this item, the article is an excellend basis on which we can expand. Indeed the 50th birthday celebrations bring up a new compilation 'Hoch Wie Nie' in two formats as well as a new DVD. Wonder who will offer up the first reviews here?

Falco a "child prodigy"?
Was Falco a child prodigy? The word "prodigy" in the article is linked to "Child prodigy", but there is nothing in the article which suggests that he showed any precocious musical talent. Cheers, Jacklee 00:48, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

Re: "Der Kommissar" charting in the US
No record of it on Billboard. Closenplay 19:19, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

 * That's the problem with leaning so heavily upon web links as reference material; it limits Wiki's content to whatever has made it onto the net. Quite a few things are notable enough for mention in an article as esoteric as an '80s pop artist (no offense intended, I adore '80s pop), yet not so notable as to have been resurrected from print or video sources into a properly sourced web article or free online database.  The internet is not comprehensive, and the more comprehensive elements are not free elements.

 * Closenplay, you yourself linked to the Billboard page, yet apparently missed the part thereof which reads: "This search queries a limited selection of Billboard charts and is limited to 20 years worth of data. For more comprehensive chart data subscribe to Billboard.biz. For complete chart histories, contact Billboard Research." Vast amounts of information are not given freely there, yet it is assumed to be a comprehensive source, and so when a fact such as the U.S. charting of "Der Kommissar" is noted here, it is considered to be dubious and questioned.  While it was a minor hit here, "Der Kommissar" was Falco's most successful international single and notable for being one of if not the earliest white hip hop singles, yet Billboard online doesn't list it.  A check to Laura Branigan's chart history page finds it omitting her breakthrough "Gloria" and two other significant 1983 hits.  Journey's Billboard page incorrectly attributes the year of two '70s singles to the '90s, while omitting other, more significant '70s and '80s hits.  And so, what would be presumed to be a comprehensive database is shown (in this tiny forum) to be anything but, ignoring some of an act's biggest hits and most defining moments.  Such a thing is not merely incomplete, it is misleading as it leaves a false impression that one has gotten an accurate and complete assessment from a respected and infallible source.  I've seen Wiki editors claiming other online sites have comprehensive and complete listings when in fact a quick search of their databases shows them to be anything but.  I have seen many incorrect (often inflated) chart position claims in other Wiki articles, usually the result of vandalism (one "editor's" sole activity was fabricating grandiose claims about the chart and award achievements of certain '80s pop artists), and so one cannot always rely on the information here to be accurate.  However, given the way people have taken it upon themselves to yank all the fair-use photos, lists, and other reasonable and relevant content (regardless of whether or not the photos were fair use or the lists educational), I hope we don't start to see data such as this - which is more complete chart data than the Billboard site - dumbed down to mirror the young and the middle-aged swiss cheese available elsewhere. Abrazame 13:27, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

"Auf Der Flucht" charting in the U.S.?!
Having previously left the response to the "Der Kommissar" charting (where I hope my tone is understood to be critical of supposedly complete sites and Wiki's dependence on citing web material, not the person who queried the data), I totally missed what I think is a completely erroneous claim that "Auf der flucht" charted in the U.S. at all, much less as high as #30 on the Billboard Hot 100. Then an asterisk notes the song went to #9 on a chart called U.S. Hot Play? I've never heard of this chart. I personally recall hearing "DK" many times on the radio then; I don't believe I've never heard of "Auf der flucht," and I think I would have, had it gone as high as 30, while "DK" was only 78. And "Hot Play"? Anybody know where this chart is from? I know that a U.S. 12" single featuring "DK" on the A-side included "Helden Von Heute" AND "Auf Der Flucht" on the B-side. Is it possible that this three-track single peaked at #30 on the Billboard Dance/Disco chart at the time, and this is what is being confused here?  If so, we should have some citable evidence that "Auf Der Flucht" was actually receiving as much as or more club play than "DK" in order to credit such a charting to "Auf".  Can anybody help track down this info?  Abrazame 17:58, 13 July 2007 (UTC)

"Auf Der Flucht" was released in the US as a 12" single entitled "On the Run (Auf Def Flucht)". I think it is unlikely that it reached #30 in the US charts but I have no evidence on its actual chart position. -MF, 8 Sep 2007  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.191.111.83 (talk) 20:30, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

"European Top Albums" chart is not a U.S. chart
Under U.S. Charts, a greatest hits album is listed as having peaked at #6, with an asterisk: *Number 6 in European Top Albums European Top 100 Albums: Feb 24 2007. After what I've already written about chartings here, I don't mean for it to come out like I'm harshing on Falco, but this is silly. U.S. albums charts would be Billboard or Cash Box albums charts, which indicate how a record is selling in the U.S. in comparison to other albums of all genres. (Unless it is a genre-specific chart, such as Rap or Latin or Country albums, in which case that needs to be noted, in a separate column, as it should not be compared to the overall albums chart performance Falco legitimately had in the U.S. with earlier releases.) The chart listed here, while printed in a U.S. magazine, is an amalgam of various European countries' charts. That Falco did so well on this chart certainly deserves mention; however, it should not be listed under "U.S. Charts". I love Falco, and hundreds of '80s artists. Sadly, no '80s artist's hits collection ever makes #6 in the U.S./Billboard. The U.S. doesn't respect and appreciate pop for what it is - they devour it like manna from heaven at the time, and distance themselves from it like excrement a couple years later. Abrazame 08:00, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

Genre
I think the last genre of Pop-rock, Hip hop/Rap, Funk, and New Wave is better than the new change, New Wave and Pop by RattleandHum. If anyone wants to discuss, that would be great otherwise Ill change it back, because there was no reasoning given for the new change.--DerRichter (talk) 08:24, 8 December 2007 (UTC) What about Techno, and Rave (Push!Push!; Mutter, der Mann mit dem Koks ist da etc)? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.218.229.245 (talk) 18:01, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

NTK
Would it be of value to add the fact that in 1998 the British satirical email newsletter NTK adopted the term "FALCO" as shorthand for something disappearing or going bust? The term gained some currency from that period until the present day in some circles: http://www.ntk.net/1998/02/13/#OPERATION_FALCO_ --Gilgongo (talk) 20:25, 9 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't think it has anything to do with this musical artist, as he had quite a long and successful career--DerRichter (talk) 20:40, 9 January 2008 (UTC)
 * The name was chosen as he had recently died, although by the end of NTK even the editors admitted they couldn't remember why they picked on him. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.160.142.75 (talk) 16:38, 1 April 2012 (UTC)

hmmm!
der kommissar(1982).......u cant touch this(mc hammer)or is it just me? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.32.41.145 (talk) 23:40, 20 January 2008 (UTC)

 * You are right. der kommissar was produced by Robert Ponger, and I wondered why he had not sued them for it. --andreasegde (talk) 17:23, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

Well I'd say in Austria it's not the rule to sue somebody when it's just because of profit. At least in this branche. --N00bh4ck3r (talk) 15:45, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

Influences by Gang Sugarhill?
I found out that Falco's "The Sound of Musik" is very similar to the Song "Rapper's Delight" from Gang Sugarhill. See the comparision, in fact Falco used some other word or changed the word order. E.g. instead "say upchuck the boogy" he sings "say up jump the boogie".

Gang Sugarhill - Rapper's Delight lyrics:

i said a hip hop a hippie to the hippie to the hip hip hop, you dont stop a rockin to the bang bang boogy say upchuck the boogy, to the rhythm of the boogity beat

Falco- The Sound of Musik:

The Sound of Musik Do the bang-bang-boogie, say up jump the boogie Do the rhythm on the boogie the beat Do the bang-bang-boogie, say up jump the boogie Do the rhythm on the boogie the beat Do the hip do the hop do the oh-oh-bebop do the freestyle Rock'n and we never gonna stop

N00bh4ck3r (talk) 18:19, 25 February 2008 (UTC)--

Picture?
Does anyone have a falco picture they could release into the public domain. I feel the article needs one. Fribbler (talk) 23:14, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

"Fansite" tagging
How is this article written like a fansite? And what can be done to make it not that way? I don't see it as being written any differently than many other artist articles on WP so would like to determine what you feel should be done differently? Padillah (talk) 13:41, 29 December 2008 (UTC)

His death
Wouldn't he have been driving a Montero, rather than a Pajero given this happened in the Dominican Republic (a spanish speaking country). I also notice that this section is completely unreferenced. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.214.91.12 (talk) 09:31, 18 January 2009 (UTC)

Potatö/Potatoe? Roemer, not Römer.
Both German pressings of the album and those sold in the English-speaking world are clearly titled Junge Roemer, NOT Junge Römer. As this is the English-language Wiki, as the album and single are clearly titled "Junge Roemer" in the English-speaking world, and as the German edition spells them this way as well, I am at a loss to understand why multiple edits appear regularly trying to change to the "Römer" version. Regardless of how the phrase is correctly written in the general language, these English Wiki articles refer to products available in the English-speaking world. If an original 1984 Austrian version was released under the title "Römer", that is worth noting, but please upload a photo to the album's article, place it below the international release, and make a note in which territories that version was available. Otherwise these edits are a pedantic and incorrect exercise tantamount to vandalism. Abrazame (talk) 04:17, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

Voice
what was his voice type? Sounds like Baritone to me, but I don`t find any sources. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.218.229.245 (talk) 17:58, 24 March 2009 (UTC)

Citation NOT needed!
The original text was "While it was initially reported that the autopsy showed high blood levels of alcohol and cocaine (citation needed), this was disputed (citation needed)". Well, the very structure of the text confirms this is just an speculation, so, isn´t necessary to reinforce such condition by means of two standardized statement in sequence (!). I´ve removed the "citation needed" marks. Roberto R. MOLA 14 April 2009 01h19minUTC

Removed from former "Tributes", current "Popular culture" section
In refactoring that section, I removed the following sentence, which headed that section:

 * One of his first music video production M.O. Music Show - he performed "Maschine brennt" - was directed by Alexander Schukoff; produced 1982 at a basement studio in Vienna, which later became the famous disco "P1".

My guess is that this was written by someone whose first language is not English; I'm not quite sure what data point is relevant to Falco's biography. Is the assertion that Falco having recorded a video there is what popularized the space as a disco? I think if such a thing were a fact, it would be appropriate for this biography but the IMDB link provides no clue that this is what is being asserted. If this is merely trivia (he shot it at a place that later became a famous disco), it may be appropriate background on the song's video for an article about the song or the album on which it was released, but it is not relevant to Falco's biography. Abrazame (talk) 12:01, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

Megaherz tribute
The song Rock Me, Amadeus has been covered by the German rock group Megaherz. It should be contained in the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.61.51.62 (talk) 21:00, 3 September 2010 (UTC)

Not the first and only one
I dont want to nit-pick but Falco was not the only artist whose principal language was German to score a number-one hit in the United States. The first one was the Austrian Anton Karas with his "Harry Lime Theme" from the movie The Third Man in 1950. He was #1 in USA and UK. The Third Man Theme spent eleven weeks at number one on Billboard's U.S from 23. April to 8. July. See also list of number-one singles of 1950 (U.S.) on wikipedia. I already mentioned this three years ago on talk page of the Rock Me Amadeus article. This reference does not diminish Falcos achievements in anyway but merely draws attention to the fact that two Austrians achieved that rare feat.--Plerimest (talk) 20:07, 25 December 2012 (UTC)

German in denial
I have modified a small piece of text that says "Falco was Austrian (i.e. German in denial)", as the implication smacks of vandalism. If the statement was well-intentioned then it needs clarification, with a source cited if possible. leevclarke (talk) 21:45, 19 February 2013 (UTC)

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070927232039/http://lescharts.com/search.asp?cat=s&artist=Falco&artist_search=exact&title=&title_search=starts to http://lescharts.com/search.asp?cat=s&artist=Falco&artist_search=exact&title=&title_search=starts
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ein Jahr später einen --Plattenspieler--, auf dem er bevorzugt Elvis Presley
so in the german wiki. here it is something else. 144.41.3.22 (talk) 13:15, 4 November 2018 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Falco (musician)


text: User talk:129.170.93.182

title: User talk:129.170.93.182


text:
User:Asiananimal

I am a 22 year old Software Engineer working at University of California, Los Angeles. I recieved my Bachelor of Science in Computer Science at the University of California, Riverside. I am originaly from Temple City, California.

Watchlist

 * 2007 MLB Team Articles

title: User:Asiananimal


text:
Insert (SQL)

An SQL INSERT statement adds one or more records to any single table in a relational database.

Basic form
Insert statements have the following form:

INSERT INTO table (column1 [, column2, column3 ... ]) VALUES (value1 [, value2, value3 ... ])

The number of columns and values must be the same. If a column is not specified, the default value for the column is used. The values specified (or implied) by the INSERT statement must satisfy all the applicable constraints (such as primary keys, CHECK constraints, and NOT NULL constraints). If a syntax error occurs or if any constraints are violated, the new row is not added to the table and an error returned instead.

Example:

Shorthand may also be used, taking advantage of the order of the columns when the table was created. It is not required to specify all columns in the table since any other columns will take their default value or remain null:

INSERT INTO table VALUES (value1, [value2, ... ]) Example for inserting data into 2 columns in the phone_book table and ignoring any other columns which may be after the first 2 in the table.

Multirow inserts
A SQL feature (since SQL-92) is the use of row value constructors to insert multiple rows at a time in a single SQL statement:

This feature is supported by IBM Db2, SQL Server (since version 10.0 - i.e. 2008), PostgreSQL (since version 8.2), MySQL, SQLite (since version 3.7.11) and H2.

Example (assuming that 'name' and 'number' are the only columns in the 'phone_book' table): which may be seen as a shorthand for the two statements Note that the two separate statements may have different semantics (especially with respect to statement triggers) and may not provide the same performance as a single multi-row insert.

To insert multiple rows in MS SQL you can use such a construction: Note that this is not a valid SQL statement according to the SQL standard (SQL:2003) due to the incomplete subselect clause.

To do the same in Oracle use the DUAL table, which always consists of a single row only: A standard-conforming implementation of this logic shows the following example, or as shown above: Oracle PL/SQL supports the INSERT ALL statement, where multiple insert statements are terminated by a SELECT:

In Firebird inserting multiple rows can be achieved like this: Firebird, however, restricts the number of rows than can be inserted in this way, since there is a limit to the number of contexts that can be used in a single query.

Copying rows from other tables
An INSERT statement can also be used to retrieve data from other tables, modify it if necessary and insert it directly into the table. All this is done in a single SQL statement that does not involve any intermediary processing in the client application. A subselect is used instead of the VALUES clause. The subselect can contain joins, function calls, and it can even query the same table into which the data is inserted. Logically, the select is evaluated before the actual insert operation is started. An example is given below. A variation is needed when some of the data from the source table is being inserted into the new table, but not the whole record. (Or when the tables' schemas are not the same.) The SELECT statement produces a (temporary) table, and the schema of that temporary table must match with the schema of the table where the data is inserted into.

Default Values
It is possible to insert a new row without specifying any data, using default values for all columns. However, some databases reject the statement if no data is given, such as Microsoft SQL Server, and in this case the DEFAULT keyword can be used.

Sometimes databases also support alternative syntax for this; for example, MySQL allows omitting the DEFAULT keyword, and T-SQL can use DEFAULT VALUES instead of VALUES(DEFAULT). The DEFAULT keyword can also be used in normal insertion to explicitly fill a column using that column's default value:

What happens when a column does not specify a default value is database dependent. For example, MySQL and SQLite will fill in with a blank value (except when in strict mode), while many other databases will reject the statement.

Retrieving the key
Database designers that use a surrogate key as the primary key for every table will run into the occasional scenario where they need to automatically retrieve the database-generated primary key from an SQL INSERT statement for use in other SQL statements. Most systems do not allow SQL INSERT statements to return row data. Therefore, it becomes necessary to implement a workaround in such scenarios. Common implementations include:

 * Using a database-specific stored procedure that generates the surrogate key, performs the INSERT operation, and finally returns the generated key. For example, in Microsoft SQL Server, the key is retrieved via the SCOPE_IDENTITY special function, while in SQLite the function is named last_insert_rowid.
 * Using a database-specific SELECT statement on a temporary table containing last inserted row(s). Db2 implements this feature in the following way:
 * Db2 for z/OS implements this feature in the following way.
 * Using a SELECT statement after the INSERT statement with a database-specific function that returns the generated primary key for the most recently inserted row. For example, LAST_INSERT_ID for MySQL.
 * Using a unique combination of elements from the original SQL INSERT in a subsequent SELECT statement.
 * Using a GUID in the SQL INSERT statement and retrieving it in a SELECT statement.
 * Using the OUTPUT clause in the SQL INSERT statement for MS-SQL Server 2005 and MS-SQL Server 2008.
 * Using an INSERT statement with RETURNING clause for Oracle.
 * Using an INSERT statement with RETURNING clause for PostgreSQL (since 8.2). The returned list is identical to the result of a INSERT.
 * Firebird has the same syntax in Data Modification Language statements (DSQL); the statement may add at most one row. In stored procedures, triggers and execution blocks (PSQL) the aforementioned Oracle syntax is used.
 * Using the IDENTITY function in H2 returns the last identity inserted.
 * Using an INSERT statement with RETURNING clause for PostgreSQL (since 8.2). The returned list is identical to the result of a INSERT.
 * Firebird has the same syntax in Data Modification Language statements (DSQL); the statement may add at most one row. In stored procedures, triggers and execution blocks (PSQL) the aforementioned Oracle syntax is used.
 * Using the IDENTITY function in H2 returns the last identity inserted.
 * Using the IDENTITY function in H2 returns the last identity inserted.

Triggers
If triggers are defined on the table on which the INSERT statement operates, those triggers are evaluated in the context of the operation. BEFORE INSERT triggers allow the modification of the values that shall be inserted into the table. AFTER INSERT triggers cannot modify the data anymore, but can be used to initiate actions on other tables, for example, to implement auditing mechanism.

title: Insert (SQL)


text:
U.S. Route 169

U.S. Route 169 (US 169) is a north-south U.S highway that currently runs for 966 miles (1,555 km) from the city of Virginia, Minnesota, to Tulsa, Oklahoma, at Memorial Drive.

Oklahoma
US 169 is a major north–south highway spanning 75.1 mi in Oklahoma. The southern terminus for US 169 is Memorial Drive. The highway connects Tulsa, Oklahoma to the south with the Kansas state border to the north at South Coffeyville, Oklahoma. US 169 travels through Tulsa, Rogers, and Nowata counties.

US 169 has undergone several widening projects that have brought US 169 to freeway and expressway standards. The highway is two lanes between Talala, Oklahoma and South Coffeyville except for a short four-lane portion north of Nowata, Oklahoma and ending at State Highway 28.

An Alternate US 169 passes through Nowata following the original path of US 169. The alternate route begins at the intersection of Choctaw Avenue and reconnects with US 169 south of Nowata at its intersection with Maple Street.

In January 2005, Oklahoma Department of Transportation began a $16.8 million widening project on a mile-long stretch of US 169 (officially named 'Pearl Harbor Memorial Expressway', although this name is rarely used by Tulsans) from Interstate 244 (I-244) to I-44. The project widened the highway from four to six lanes, adding one lane in each direction. The project was completed in April 2006. This stretch of US 169 is traveled by approximately 106,000 vehicles per day.

Kansas
US 169 enters the state at Coffeyville as a four-lane road, and is a four-lane highway for about 8.8 mi till the edge of the Coffeyville Industrial Park. A segment runs around Chanute is a freeway with fully controlled access with center concrete barrier, with two lanes in each direction. US 169 runs concurrently with US 59 and K-31 starting about 5 mi south of Garnett and diverges northeast again immediately south of Garnett. The intersection immediately south of Garnett used to be a "braided" intersection with Stop and Yield signs. It was identified as a high crash location in 2001, and was rebuilt as a roundabout that opened in April 2006. The Kansas Department of Transportation is rebuilding or planning to rebuild several other rural intersections as roundabouts for increased safety. In Garnett, 6th Avenue (from US 169 to US 59 is also known as Business US 169. Going south, it veers off from US 169 about a mile and a half north of the US 169/US 59/K-31 roundabout intersection and travels west and south on 6th Avenue from US 169 to US 59/K-31 (Maple St.) before turning south onto US 59/K-31 and running concurrently with them, ending at the US 169/US 59/K-31 roundabout intersection. At Osawatomie the road becomes a full freeway; as well as, running concurrent with K-7. In southern Johnson County 169 becomes an expressway until its junction with I-35 in Olathe.

From this point to the Missouri state line, US 169 alternates between freeways and surface streets. It follows I-35 to Shawnee Mission Parkway in Overland Park, then travels east to Rainbow Boulevard. US 169 then follows surface streets to its junction with I-70 near downtown Kansas City. US 169 and I-70 enter Missouri together just after crossing the Kansas River.

Missouri
US 169 exits I-70 shortly after both roads enter Missouri via the Lewis and Clark Viaduct. It crosses the Missouri River by the Buck O'Neil Bridge and serves Kansas City Downtown Airport. Northbound, US 169 becomes a freeway at 5th Street south of the Missouri River, however southbound it ceases being a freeway north of the airport. An at-grade private driveway exists just south of the intersection with Route 9 as well as for airport access. At the northern end of the city, an intersection was reconstructed at NE 108th Street in November 2013. US 169 is a freeway through I-435. This segment is also known as Arrowhead Trafficway, although this road neither passes nor approaches Arrowhead Stadium.

US 169 is a four-lane rural expressway until it reaches Smithville, where it reverts to a two-lane rural highway. In St. Joseph, it forms most of the Belt Highway, a major commercial strip on the eastern edge of town, paralleling just inside I-29. US 169 angles northeastward out of St. Joseph, passing through many rural communities before exiting Missouri north of Grant City.

US 169 intersects I-29 three times in Missouri: once in Gladstone, and twice in St. Joseph.

Iowa
US 169 enters Iowa just south of Redding. It intersects I-80 near De Soto. US 169 becomes an expressway at US 20, south of Fort Dodge. At Iowa Highway 7 on the northwest side of Fort Dodge it reverts to a two-lane highway again. This is changing, however, as a two-phase, $11 million project began in the spring of 2010 to widen the route to four lanes from Fort Dodge to Humboldt. US 169 passes through Humboldt and Algona before it leaves Iowa north of Lakota.

Minnesota
US 169 is a major north–south highway in Minnesota. It enters the state at Elmore. Shortly after, it junctions with I-90 at Blue Earth. It passes Mankato, crossing the Minnesota River. Between Mankato and the Twin Cities, US 169 is largely a rural highway. Before entering Le Sueur, US 169 crosses the Minnesota River again. At Shakopee, US 169 becomes a freeway, crossing the Minnesota River for a third time. The freeway ends in Champlin. US 169 crosses the Mississippi River at Anoka and follows concurrently with US 10 to Elk River, where US 169 splits off northbound through central Minnesota. The rest of the route in Minnesota is largely rural. The route passes the western side of Mille Lacs Lake. It terminates at US 53 in Virginia, in the Iron Range.

History
In Kansas, US 169 used to run concurrent with US 69 from I-35 through Downtown Kansas City, Kansas and the Fairfax District across the Platte Purchase Bridge to I-635 until splitting at I-29 in Missouri.

In Missouri, US 169 replaced Route 1 from Kansas City to St. Joseph, Route 4 from St. Joseph to Stanberry, and all of Route 29 from Stanberry to Iowa. The part of Route 1 north of Kansas City had been Route 33 south of, and Route 50 north of, Grayson from 1922 to 1926.

Prior to 2008, US 169 traveled east on I-435 in Lenexa and Overland Park, Kansas, and then it traveled north on Metcalf Avenue.

Prior to 1981, US 169 entered Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Major intersections

 * Oklahoma
 * in Tulsa. The highways travel concurrently through Tulsa.
 * in Tulsa
 * in Tulsa
 * in Nowata

 * Kansas
 * in Coffeyville. The highways travel concurrently to east-northeast of Coffeyville.
 * south-southwest of Cherryvale. The highways travel concurrently for approximately 0.9 mi.
 * north-northeast of Cherryvale
 * east of Iola
 * northeast of Welda. The highways travel concurrently to south of Garnett.
 * in Olathe. I-35/US 169 travels concurrently to Merriam. US 50/US 169 travels concurrently to Lenexa. US 56/US 169 travels concurrently to the Westwood–Mission Woods city line.
 * in Lenexa
 * in Lenexa. The highways travel concurrently to Overland Park.
 * in Kansas City
 * in Kansas City. I-70/US 24/US 40/US 169 travels concurrently to Kansas City, Missouri.

 * Missouri
 * in Kansas City. The highways travel concurrently through Kansas City.
 * southeast of Northmoor
 * in Gladstone
 * in Kansas City
 * in St. Joseph
 * in St. Joseph
 * in St. Joseph
 * in Stanberry. The highways travel concurrently to north-northwest of Darlington.

 * Iowa
 * in Afton. The highways travel concurrently to west of Thayer.
 * in De Soto. US 6/US 169 travels concurrently to Adel.
 * in Ogden. The highways travel concurrently to east-southeast of Beaver.
 * south of Fort Dodge
 * in Algona

 * Minnesota
 * in Blue Earth
 * on the North Mankato–Mankato city line
 * in Bloomington
 * on the Eden Prairie–Edina city line
 * on the St. Louis Park–Golden Valley city line
 * on the Maple Grove–Brooklyn Park city line
 * in Anoka. The highways travel concurrently to Elk River.
 * in Grand Rapids. The highways travel concurrently through Grand Rapids.
 * in Virginia

title: U.S. Route 169


text:
Juicy Juice

Juicy Juice is a brand of juices that targets children and sold in the United States using the slogan "100% Juice."

History
Juicy Juice was introduced by Libby's (then a subsidiary of Nestlé) in 1977. Prior to March 2006, it was known as Libby's Juicy Juice. It was then labeled under the Nestlé parent brand. In 2014, the Juicy Juice brand and business was sold by Nestlé to Harvest Hill Beverage Company, a portfolio company of Brynwood Partners.

Manufacture
Until the sale by Nestlé, Juicy Juice was manufactured in Ocean Spray production facilities, as a result of a 2002 joint agreement between Nestlé and Ocean Spray.

title: Juicy Juice


text:
Miladinov brothers

The Miladinov brothers (Братя Миладинови, Браќа Миладиновци), Dimitar Miladinov (18101862) and Konstantin Miladinov (18301862), were Bulgarian poets, folklorists, and activists of the Bulgarian national movement in Ottoman Macedonia. They are best known for their collection of folk songs called Bulgarian Folk Songs, considered a milestone in Bulgarian literature, the greatest literary work in the history of Bulgarian folklore studies and the genesis of folklore studies during the Bulgarian National Revival. They also contributed to Bulgarian ethnography through their collection of folk material. Their third brother Naum (18171897) helped compile this collection too. Konstantin Miladinov is also famous for his poem Taga za Yug (Grief for the South) which he wrote during his stay in Russia.

In North Macedonia, the Miladinov brothers are celebrated as Macedonians who laid the foundation of the Macedonian national awakening and literary tradition. Many of the Miladinov brothers' original works have been unavailable to the general public and only censored versions, and redacted copies of them have been published there.

Family and background
The mother of the Miladinov brothers was Sultana Miladinova. Her father was an Aromanian from Magarevo who moved to Ohrid and studied in Moscopole with Daniel Moscopolites. Sultana's mother was a native of Ohrid and the granddaughter of sakellarios Pop Stefan, who was so fond of his pupil Dimitrius of Ioannou that he let him marry her. The brothers' father, Hristo Miladinov, was also from Magarevo. He was a pottery merchant, who moved to Struga in around 1810. The family had eight children, six sons and two daughters.

After the conquest of the Balkans by the Ottoman Empire, the name Macedonia disappeared as a designation for several centuries. Names such as "Lower Moesia" and "Bulgaria" were used for the northern and central parts of the modern Macedonian region. The name was revived in the early 19th century with the new Greek state and was affirmed in the modern area as a result of Hellenic religious and school propaganda. However, the Bulgarian national revival is considered to have opposed Greek domination of Bulgaria's Slavic language and culture. The Miladinov brothers deliberately avoided using the term Macedonia in reference to the region, arguing that it presents a threat to the Bulgarian people there, and proposed the name Western Bulgaria instead. Miladinov and other educated Macedonian Slavs worried that the use of the designation Macedonian would imply an identification with the Greek nation.

Dimitar Miladinov
Dimitar Miladinov was born around 1810 in the town of Struga in the Ottoman Empire (today North Macedonia), in the family of a potter named Hristo Miladinov and his wife, Sultana. Dimitar was the eldest of eight children, six boys and two girls.

In his youth, Dimitar was sent by his father to the Monastery of Saint Naum on Lake Ohrid, to receive basic education. Having spent four years at the monastery, at the age of twelve he continued his education in a Greek school in the town of Ohrid. Shortly after graduating as an outstanding student around 1830, he was invited by the citizens and spent two years teaching in the same school. Following the death of his father and the birth of his youngest brother Konstantin, Dimitar worked briefly as a bookkeeper in the trade chamber of the town of Durrës, today in Albania. From 1833 to 1836 he studied in Ioannina, in what was considered to be one of the best Greek high schools, where he mastered the Greek language. After graduating, Dimitar returned to Ohrid and continued teaching.

As a teacher, in 1836, Dimitar introduced the Bell-Lancaster method and expanded the school curriculum, adding philosophy, arithmetics, geography, Old Greek, Greek literature, Latin and French. He quickly became popular and respected among his students and peers. After two years, he left Ohrid and returned to Struga. From 1840 to 1842 he was a teacher in Kukush, today in Greece. He became active in the town's social life, strongly opposing the phanariotes. In May 1945, the Russian Slavist Viktor Grigorovich visited him in Ohrid and realised that Miladinov had improper knowledge of Bulgarian, and under his influence, Miladinov gained interest in Bulgarian. As his interest grew, he developed a Bulgarian national consciousness. Dimitar travelled around the Macedonian region, collecting folk material, which he informed Grigorovich about. In a letter written in Greek on 20 August 1852, he complained that most of the Bulgarians of Macedonia used Greek as the language of education and were considered Greeks. He called for opposition to the hellenisation of the Bulgarians. At the initiative of Dimitar, and with the approval of the city's fathers, in 1858, the Greek language was banished from the churches and substituted with Church Slavonic. During this period, he translated the Acts of the Apostles into Bulgarian to make it available for church usage. In 1859, upon hearing that the town of Ohrid had officially demanded from the Ottoman government the restoration of the Bulgarian Patriarchate, Dimitar left Kukush and went to Ohrid to help. There, he translated Bible texts into Bulgarian. Dimitar tried to introduce the Bulgarian language into the Greek school in Prilep in 1856, causing an angry reaction from the local Grecomans. In a letter to "Tsarigradski Vestnik" on 26 March 1860, he wrote: "In the holy Ohrid district, there is not a single Greek family, except for three or four Vlachs now, and all the others are purely a Bulgarian tribe." Due to his endeavours, the Greek bishop Miletos denounced Miladinov as a Russian agent. He was accused of spreading pan-Slavic ideas and was imprisoned in Istanbul, later to be joined by his supporting brother Konstantin. On 11 January 1862, he died in prison from typhus.

Konstantin Miladinov
Konstantin Miladinov was the youngest son in the family of the potter Hristo Miladinov. He was born in 1830 in Struga. He studied in an elementary school in Ohrid. After his graduation from the Hellenic Institute at Ioannina and the University of Athens, where he studied literature, at the initiative of his brother, Dimitar, In 1856, he went to Russia. He arrived in Odessa and because he was short of money, the Bulgarian Society in that city financed his trip to Moscow. Konstantin enrolled at the Moscow University to study Slavic philology. While at the University of Athens, he was exclusively exposed to the teachings and thinking of ancient and modern Greek scholars. In Moscow, he came in contact with prominent Slavic writers and intellectuals.

While in Moscow he desired to see the river Volga. At the time of his youth, the universal belief was that the Bulgars had camped on the banks of the river, had crossed it on their way to the Balkans and the origin of the name Bulgarians had come from the river's name. After seeing the river, he wrote his impressions down in a letter to a friend: "O, Volga, Volga! What memories you awake in me, how you drive me to bury myself in the past! High are your waters, Volga. I and my friend, also a Bulgarian, we dived and proudly told ourselves that, at this very moment, we received our true baptismal…" While staying in Russia, he wrote his poem called Taga za Yug (Grief for the South), expressing his homesickness. Other poems he wrote include "Bisera" (Pearl), "Zhelanie" (Desire), "Kletva" (An Oath), "Dumane" (A Saying), "Na chuzhdina" (Abroad).

He also helped his older brother Dimitar in editing the materials for the collection of Bulgarian songs, that Dimitar had collected in his field work. Konstantin had to transcribe the collected songs from the Greek alphabet in which they were recorded, into the Cyrillic alphabet. Initially, Konstantin tried to find assistance among Russian scholars to have the collection of folk songs published. After failing to find assistance, he went to Vienna to look for sponsors. The collection was subsequently published in Croatia with the support of the bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer, who was one of the patrons of Slavonic literature at that time. In a private letter to Bulgarian National Revival activist Georgi Rakovski on 8 January 1861, Konstantin Miladinov expressed concern over the use of the name Macedonia as it could have been used to justify Greek claims to the region and the local Bulgarian population, so he suggested that the region should be called Western Bulgaria instead. Shortly after the publication of the collection, he found out that his brother was jailed. He went to Istanbul to help him. Denounced by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as a dangerous Russian agent, he was arrested on 5 August 1861. It is unknown if he was placed in the same cell as his brother or whether he saw him. He died on 7 January 1862 in prison from typhus.

Naum Miladinov
Naum Miladinov was the brother of Dimitar and Konstantin. He was born in 1817 and finished primary school in Struga. Later he went with his brother Dimitar to Duras, where Naum learned to play the violin. After that, together with Dimitar, Naum graduated from the Ioannina Greek High School and worked as his assistant teacher. From 1841 to 1844 he studied at the Halki seminary, where he graduated in music and grammar. In 1843 he wrote a music textbook and prepared a Greek grammar. After returning to Struga, Naum became involved in the activities of his brothers and became a proponent of the Bulgarian National Revival. He assisted in collecting materials for the collection "Bulgarian Folk Songs". The folk songs collected by him are also notated. After 1878 he settled in the newly established Principality of Bulgaria. Naum received a national pension as a Bulgarian educator. He wrote a biography of his brothers, but failed to publish it. He died in 1897 in Sofia.

Legacy
The two brothers are honoured in the history of the Bulgarian National Revival in the 19th century. The collecting of the folk material was well-received by its contemporaries - Lyuben Karavelov, Nesho Bonchev, Ivan Bogorov, Kuzman Shapkarev, Rayko Zhinzifov and others. The Russian scholar Izmail Sreznevsky, in his opinion about the collection, pointed out in 1863: "It can be seen by the published collection that the Bulgarians are far from lagging behind other peoples in poetic abilities and even surpass them with the vitality of their poetry…" Parts of the collection were also translated into Czech, Russian and German. Elias Riggs, an American linguist in Constantinople, translated nine songs into English and sent them to the American Oriental Society in Princeton, New Jersey. In a letter from June 1862, Riggs wrote: "…The whole present an interesting picture of the traditions and fancies prevailing among the mass of the Bulgarian people." The collection also had an impact on the development of modern Bulgarian literature, because its songs inspired the Bulgarian poets – Ivan Vazov, Pencho Slaveikov, Kiril Hristov, Peyo Yavorov, etc. Dimitar's daughter Tsarevna Miladinova continued his Bulgarian nationalist efforts, co-founding the Bulgarian Girls' High School of Thessaloniki in 1882. Her son, Vladislav Aleksiev (1884-1962) was a prominent Bulgarian jurist and historian, a professor of Bulgarian medieval law, and a specialist in Byzantine law at the Sofia University.

In post-war Yugoslav Macedonia, the Miladinov brothers were appropriated by the historians as part of the Macedonian National Revival and their original works were hidden from the general public. The Macedonian national museum did not display their original works. Their works were claimed to be Macedonian, despite them stating in their works that they were Bulgarians. Per political scientist Alexis Heraclides, the Miladinov brothers were among "the earliest pioneers of a sense of Macedonian identity, as least as conceived by contemporary Macedonian historians and other scholars". The official view in North Macedonia is that the Miladinov brothers were Macedonians who spoke Macedonian and contributed to Macedonian literature. Their ethnicity is disputed between North Macedonia and Bulgaria.

Monuments honouring the brothers are in Blagoevgrad and Pliska, Bulgaria, and Struga, North Macedonia. There are streets, schools and chitalishta named after them in Bulgaria. Today in North Macedonia there are also schools named after the Miladinov brothers, but the pupils there do not have the access to the works of their schools' patrons in original.

The Miladinov brothers' hometown of Struga hosts the international Struga Poetry Evenings festival in their honour, including a poetry award named after them. The Miladinovi Islets near Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, are named after the brothers.

title: Miladinov brothers


text:
Talk:Turk's head knot

A note
And who could possibly remember this famous quotation? From chapter CCLXVII, "The Turks-Head:"

 * Now look you for'ard on the Pequod, where Queequeg and Stubb sit with yon ill-favored Lascars, worrying at a piece of rope. With what skill do they fashion it into that knot of all knots, the Turks-Head, that tangled complexity of cunning artifice.  Yet, mark you, landsman, this knot with its sundry mystifications has no use in the fastenings and attachments. Every sheet-bend, inside-clinch, diamond-knot, double-crown, half-hitch, clove-hitch, blackwall-hitch, and carrick-bend has its place in the regulation of the Pequod. The humblest of the bowlines, stings, dead-eyes, splices, reefs, bends, hitches, knots, grommets, tarpaulins, epidydimides, and seizings, keeps our little world sailing on its appointed course. And yet the Turks-Head, which binds no sail, chocks no reeve, fillets no quoin, braces no cutting-spade, like some rough Kabbalah of the folio Parsees, is the Prince of Knots!  Bethink yourself well on it, landsman! Aye, what are your bankers, your stock-brokers, your clergy, your Senators, your professors, your players with railroads, your stackers of wheat, your hog-butchers to the nation, but the Turks-Head Knots of human discourse, while it is the lowest square-knots and sheep-shanks that connect and bind our souls like some fragrant, oleaginous, glutinous, nacreous, viscous antinomian asphodel from the rarest and most prized of the far Barbadoes.

(Note: It's a joke. Laugh.)

How is the knot used to avoid chafing? Anyone care to explain that? FireWorks 07:20, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

 * As well as around a pole, the turk's head can also be formed as a flat disk or mat - my knot book continues to call this a turk's head. I have seen such mats used to prevent, not chafing as such, but analogous damage to the deck around where blocks are secured, to a ringbolt or similar. When the line through the block is tight the block is held away from the deck and all is well, but if the line becomes slack the block will drop to the deck, and if the line is flogging the block will beat against the deck. If it's a heavy wooden block with metal strapping this is not good; a turk's head mat of rope around where the block is secured will potect the deck and deaden the noise. PeteVerdon 00:36, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

 * You can also tie it around the rope you're trying to protect to prevent chafing. 24.23.117.99 (talk) 02:17, 9 July 2011 (UTC)

Drawing?
Does anybody have an actually drawing of a Turk's head? I'm considering getting a tatoo of this, and my drawing skills are not too good. Pabelanger (Talk) 16:03, 1 September 2006 (UTC)

Number of bights
Re sentence: "The number of bights is the number of crossings it makes as it goes around the circumference of the cylinder". This sentence is a little unclear. What does "it" refer to? The number of crossings the strand makes as it goes around the cylinder? Other online explanations indicate that the number of bights is the number of turning points (or 'bumps' or 'scallops') on each side of the turk's head knot (i.e 5 'bumps' along one side of the knot = 5 bights. A diagram could help to clarify this.Gobiidae (talk) 04:40, 2 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Turk's head knot


text:
U.S. Route 270

U.S. Route 270 (US 270) is a spur of US 70. It travels for 643 mi from Liberal, Kansas at US 54 and US 83 to White Hall, Arkansas at Interstate 530 (I-530) and US 65. It travels through the states of Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. It travels through the cities of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Hot Springs, Arkansas, and McAlester, Oklahoma.

Kansas
US 270 begins in the southeast part of Liberal, Kansas, at an intersection with US 83 (running north–south through the intersection) and US 54. US 270 follows the south leg of this intersection, following US 83 south. US 270 only spends 3 mi in Kansas before crossing into Oklahoma. Seward County is the only Kansas county that US-270 serves.

Oklahoma
US 270 enters Oklahoma in Beaver County, the eastern third of the Oklahoma Panhandle. From here it continues east along US 64, then south towards Beaver, the county seat, along SH-23. South of Beaver, the road joins with US 412 (OK) and SH-3, the latter of which US 270 will overlap with through most of northwest Oklahoma. After leaving the Panhandle and picking up US 183 near Fort Supply, the highways turn southwest towards Woodward. US 412 splits away in Woodward. US 270, concurrent with US 183 and SH-3, proceed southeast toward Seiling. West of Seiling, US 183 splits off to the south, but in Seiling, it is replaced by US 281. The routes continue southwest to Watonga, where US 270/281 turn south along SH-8, while SH-3 continues due east to concur with SH-33. In Geary, US 270 splits off on an independent alignment, looping through Calumet before joining with Interstate 40.

US 270 remains concurrent with I-40 from Exit 115 through Exit 181, a distance of 66 mi. US 270, attached to I-40, runs through the core of the Oklahoma City Metro area, passing through the western suburbs of El Reno and Yukon into Oklahoma City proper. The partnership runs just south of Downtown and the Bricktown entertainment district on the Crosstown Expressway. Major interchanges with I-44 and I-35 (the latter involving a concurrency with the interstate and its accompanying US Highway, US 62) are found in the city. I-40/US 270 also serve two eastern suburbs of Oklahoma City, Del City and Midwest City and form the northern boundary between Midwest City's civilian areas and Tinker Air Force Base. US-270 finally exits from I-40 on the west side of Shawnee.

US 270 serves most of the towns anchoring the area east of Oklahoma City, including Shawnee, Tecumseh, Seminole, Wewoka, and Holdenville. It continues southeast to the city of McAlester, a major southeastern Oklahoma city. It also serves many of the small towns east of McAlester, such as Krebs, Alderson, Bache, Haileyville, and Hartshorne.

After passing through Hartshorne, the roads curves to the northeast before turning onto a due east course taking it through Wilburton, Red Oak, and Wister. In Wister, it turns south, running across Wister Lake's dam, and proceeding southeast to Heavener. There, it meets US 59, which it will follow for the rest of its time in Oklahoma. The town highways head south from Heavener, passing through the Wister Wildlife Management Area before entering the Ouachita National Forest. The route serves as the northern terminus of US 259 near Page. The road then squeezes into a valley between Black Fork Mountain and Rich Mountain. In this valley, it crosses the state line into Arkansas.

Arkansas
US 270 enters Arkansas with US 59, and runs east to Acorn, where it meets US 71. The route then travels 15 miles north on US 71 to Y City where it splits off and continues east. The route then meets AR 88 in Pencil Bluff and AR 27 in Mt. Ida before heading to Hot Springs. Entering the city, US 270 meets US 70 southwest of town and runs concurrent with it around Hot Springs using the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Expressway before leaving the freeway and running along Malvern Avenue southeast of the city. US 270 intersects with I-30 just outside Malvern, running a short distance northeast on the freeway before interchanging with the George Hopkins Loop bypass and running south around the city. After meeting with US 67 east of town, the alignment then turns east-southeast meeting AR 229 in Poyen and AR 190/AR 291 in Prattsville before crossing paths with US 167 in Sheridan. The route trails east towards Pine Bluff terminating at and interchanging with I-530/US 65 in White Hall.

Directly east of this interchange, the highway used to continue along Sheridan Road before terminating at AR 365/Dollarway Road in northwest Pine Bluff. This former section of the route is now signed AR 365 Spur.

History
The route was extended into Arkansas in 1931, supplanting State Road 8 from Oklahoma to Acorn and State Road 6 between Y City and Hot Springs. The roadway was mostly gravel or graded earth, with some segments in the Ouachita Mountains still under construction upon designation. In 1935, the US 270 designation supplanted the remainder of State Road 6 between Hot Springs and US 65 west of Pine Bluff. By this time, the entire route was gravel surfaced.

Between February 1937 and January 1938, US-270 was extended into Kansas, and overlapped K-27 from Johnson north to US-50 in Syracuse, where it terminated. KDOT requested that US-270 be extended north along K-27 to I-70 south of Goodland. This request was denied by the American Association of State Highway Officials in an October 14, 1967 meeting. In a November 14, 1980 resolution, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials approved a request by KDOT to truncate US-270 to its current terminus in Liberal. Then in a May 18, 1981 resolution, US-270 was truncated to Liberal and the designation was removed from K-27.

Future
In Arkansas, it has been proposed that part of AR-51 will become part of US-270. On I-30's current concurrency with US-270, going east, drivers can take exit 99 and make a right on US-270 East. If drivers make a left when they take exit 99, they must make a left to get on I-30 West/US-270 West because there is currently no outlet past that. That road has been proposed to be extended to AR-51. This will form the future northern terminus of AR-51. This means that drivers can make a left to get on AR-51 South and will have to make a right to get on US-270 West. Then, US-270 will meet the current US-270. Drivers can make a left to get on the future US-270 Business East and must make a right to get on US-270 West, just like AR-51 did. From east to west, the future US-270 will go through the cities of Rockport, Butterfield, and Magnet Cove.

Hot Springs business route
U.S. Highway 270B is a 8.90 mi business route in Garland County, Arkansas. It runs through downtown Hot Springs, Arkansas.

Malvern business route
U.S. Highway 270B is a business route of US 270 in Malvern, Arkansas, the small-town county seat of Hot Spring County. Created in 2006 from a former alignment of the parent route, US 270B passes through downtown Malvern, before forming an overlap with US 67.

Other loops and spurs

 * Seminole, Oklahoma; Short highway connecting U.S. 270 to OK-9. This highway is disputed as a state or U.S. highway, as both signs are posted.
 * Magnet Cove, Arkansas (decommissioned)

title: U.S. Route 270


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Grand Rapids Community College

Grand Rapids Community College (GRCC) is a public community college in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

History
Grand Rapids Junior College was established on September 21, 1914, after University of Michigan faculty passed a resolution encouraging the establishment of junior colleges in Michigan. Grand Rapids Junior College was the first junior college in Michigan. The college operated out of Central High School, 421 Fountain St. NE, until 1924. The course offerings, based on University of Michigan offerings, were mathematics, history, rhetoric and composition, German, Latin, biology, and physics. All of them were focused on college transfer. The college's first graduating class numbered 49 students, who paid $60 per year for tuition. The following year, to encourage enrollment, tuition was reduced to $40 per year for Grand Rapids residents and $50 for nonresidents. In 1918 Grand Rapids Junior College received its initial accreditation from the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools.

In 1944 the college acquired the Main Building from Grand Rapids Public Schools. Grand Rapids Public Schools Superintendent Arthur W. Krause closed Davis Technical High School to save costs and gave the building to Grand Rapids Junior College. The Main Building was renamed the Raleigh J. Finkelstein Hall in March 2019.

In 1990, Grand Rapids residents voted to separate the Junior College from the public school system and in 1991 GRJC became Grand Rapids Community College.

Campuses
Grand Rapids Community College has several campuses located throughout West Michigan.

GRCC's main Campus in located in Grand Rapids, Michigan. GRCC's downtown learning spaces include a Main Campus and DeVos Campus. These campuses are located adjacent to Grand Rapids Medical Mile and Heritage Hill Historic District.

Due to its location in downtown Grand Rapids, GRCC is close to local festivals and art shows such as ArtPrize and Festival of the Arts.

In addition to the main campus, Grand Rapids Community College has the GRCC Lakeshore Campus in Holland, Michigan at 12335 James St, Holland, located in the Shops at West Shore, and the Leslie Tassell MTEC, which houses career training programs. The Phyllis Fratzke Early Childhood Learning Laboratory houses daycare and early childhood programs.

Facilities
GRCC's 11-block downtown campus includes several classroom buildings, including the historic Raleigh J. Finkelstein Hall, the Library and Learning Resource Center, Spectrum Theater, the Wisner-Bottrall Applied Technology Center, the Alfred P. Smith Music Building, the Gerald R. Ford Fieldhouse with a natatorium, the Student Center, and the Calkins Science Center, and the Cook Academic Building, which includes many of the college's health careers programs. The Wisner-Bottrall Applied Technology Center includes The Heritage Restaurant, Fountain Hill Brewery, and the Secchia Piazza, all part of the college's Secchia Institute for Culinary Education. College Park Plaza includes faculty offices and the Communications Department. The Juan R. Olivarez Student Plaza was named after the former president—the first Hispanic college president in Michigan—and includes a lion head fountain and veterans memorial. The DeVos Campus, located at 415 Fulton Street E. includes the Administration Building, Stewart White Hall, Sneden Hall, Steven C. Ender Hall and the Custer Alumni House.

Athletics
Grand Rapids Community College's athletic teams compete as the Raiders in men's baseball, basketball, golf, and cross country, and in women's basketball, softball, cross country, and volleyball. A men's and women's soccer program is scheduled to start in fall 2023. The college's teams participate in Michigan Community College Athletic Association (MCCAA) competition. The school has won 70 MCCAA titles and been awarded the MCCAA All-sports Trophy 16 times.

GRCC is a member of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) and has won numerous NJCAA district and regional championships and has appeared in national tournaments several times. The baseball team has won five NJCAA tournaments and the school has been national runner-up five times in five different sports. In addition, the Raiders' football team was honored by the NJCAA as the non-scholarship team national champion in 2005 and 2009, has played in national championship games in 1956, 1988, and 2005, and has played in 10 other bowl games.

Former GRCC sports include men's cross country, swimming and diving, track and field, tennis, and wrestling, and women's swimming and diving and tennis. GRCC discontinued its football team in January 2012.

Notable alumni

 * Garrett Børns – Musician
 * Russell Christopher – Metropolitan Opera baritone singer
 * Ed Cole – automotive executive for General Motors
 * Edward Fenlon – Michigan Representative
 * Lawrence J. Fuller – U.S. Army major general and deputy director of the Defense Intelligence Agency
 * Arnold Gingrich – co-founder of Esquire magazine
 * John A. Hannah – president of Michigan State University and head of the United States Agency for International Development
 * Scott S. Haraburda – U.S. Army colonel and president of the Indiana Society of Professional Engineers
 * Bill Hardiman – Michigan Senator
 * David Robert Mullen - Award-winning artist and photographer
 * Steve Pestka - Michigan Representative
 * Dave Rozema - Major League Baseball pitcher
 * Michael Sak - Michigan Representative
 * Sekou Smith — Award-winning sports journalist, NBA analyst
 * K. William Stinson - U.S. Representative
 * Rodney Vaccaro – Emmy award-winning screenwriter
 * Daniel Vosovic – Fashion designer and contestant on Project Runway
 * Elizabeth Wilson – Tony award-winning actress
 * Lumen Martin Winter – American muralist, sculptor, painter and mosaic artist

title: Grand Rapids Community College


text: User talk:68.81.243.93

title: User talk:68.81.243.93


text:
USS Fairfax

USS Fairfax (DD-93) was a Wickes-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War I, later transferred for World War II service first to the Royal Navy as HMS Richmond (G88), a Town-class destroyer, and then to the Soviet Navy as Zhivuchy.

USS Fairfax
Named in honor of Rear Admiral Donald Fairfax, she was launched 15 December 1917 by Mare Island Navy Yard; sponsored by Mrs. H. George; and commissioned 6 April 1918, Lieutenant Commander Stanford Caldwell Hooper in command.

Fairfax arrived at Hampton Roads 6 June 1918 for convoy escort duty out of Newport News. She guarded convoys of troop transports to midocean meeting points with escorts who had come out of English and French ports to meet them. Fairfax also guarded convoys moving between coastal ports, and patrolled off the coast until 16 October, when she stood down Hampton Roads bound for Brest, France, escorting a troop convoy. On 18 October, she left her convoy to rescue 86 survivors of torpedoed USS Lucia (ID-3090), a Naval Overseas Transport Service ship, and on 27 October, arrived at Brest for patrol and escort duty in European waters.

On 3 December 1918, Fairfax arrived in the Azores to meet and escort to Brest, the transport George Washington carrying President Woodrow Wilson to the Peace Conference. She sailed for home 21 December, reaching Norfolk, Virginia 8 January 1919. Her post war operations along the east coast and in the Caribbean were broken in May 1919, when she sailed to the Azores to take up station as an observer of the historic first aerial crossing of the Atlantic made by Navy seaplanes. On 19 June 1922, she was decommissioned at Philadelphia, and placed in reserve.

Recommissioned 1 May 1930, Fairfax operated primarily on training cruises for members of the Naval Reserve during the following 2 years, based at Newport, Rhode Island, and Camden, New Jersey. On 12 March 1932 she sailed from Hampton Roads for San Diego, California, arriving 26 March. On the west coast, too, her primary duty was training reservists, but she also took part in gunnery exercises and fleet problems off Mexico, Central America, and the Panama Canal Zone.

Fairfax took part in the Presidential Review taken by Franklin D. Roosevelt in San Diego in March 1933, and then sailed for the East coast, where she continued her reserve training duty. She also patrolled in Cuban waters, and in the summers of 1935, 1937, 1938, 1939, and 1940 sailed out of Annapolis training midshipmen of the Naval Academy. Between October 1935 and March 1937, she served with the Special Service Squadron out of Coco Solo and Balboa, Canal Zone, operating primarily on the Atlantic side of the Canal Zone.

The destroyer joined in representing the United States Navy at the opening of the New York City World's Fair in April 1939, and after World War II broke out in Europe that fall, operated on neutrality patrol along with her training duties. On 21 November 1940, she arrived at Halifax, Nova Scotia, where she was decommissioned 26 November, and transferred to Great Britain under the destroyers for-land-bases exchange agreement.

HMS Richmond
The former Fairfax was commissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS Richmond, with the pennant number G88, on 5 December 1940. She arrived at Plymouth, England, on 1 February 1941, undergoing a refit to better suit her for escort work. This refit was completed in March, but Richmond ran aground at Holyhead on 23 March while on passage to Liverpool, and was under repair at Southampton until June.

Following repair, Richmond joined the Newfoundland Escort Force, responsible for escorting transatlantic convoys between Newfoundland and mid-Atlantic, when British based ships took over the escort. In October 1941, the ship returned across the Atlantic for refit at Cardiff, this continuing until December that year. Richmond then joined the 27th Escort Group based at Greenock on the Clyde. On 26 March Richmond formed part of the escort for the Arctic convoy PQ 14 on the initial leg from Scotland to Iceland, but was badly damaged in collision with the merchant ship Francis Scott Key and was under repair at Liverpool until July. In September 1942, Richmond joined the Halifax, Nova Scotia based Western Local Escort Force, escorting convoys from North American ports to off Newfoundland. In February 1943 Richmond was involved in another collision, this time with the merchant ship SS Reinholt, being sent to Liverpool for repair. In June 1943, she returned to Halifax, and convoy operations along the Canadian coast, serving as part of the Royal Canadian Navy from June until December 1943, when to free her crew for more modern escorts, she returned to the United Kingdom and was laid up on the Tyne. On 16 July 1944 she was transferred to the Soviet Navy.

Zhivuchy
The former Richmond was commissioned in the Soviet Navy as Zhivuchy (rus. Живучий, "Survivable") on 24 August 1944. On 17 August 1944, Zhivuchy, as a member of the Russian Transfer Force, sailed to meet convoy JW 59. The convoy was attacked by U-boats until the convoy reached the Soviet Union on 25 August. On 22–23 November Zhivuchy was a member of the escort of convoy BK 38 comprising six transports and three tankers sailing from Archangel to Murmansk. At the beginning of December 1944, Zhivuchy was targeted by GS U-295 using a T5 acoustic torpedo. The torpedo missed and in response, the submarine was hunted by Zhivuchy and Deyatelny. On 6 December, Zhivuchy was among the Soviet vessels sent to augment the escort of convoy JW 62. The convoy arrived in the Soviet Union on 7 December. Before the return convoy RA 62 could sail, the Soviet Navy sent out a destroyer force, of which Zhivichy was a part of, to attack U-boats lying in wait at the entrance to Kola Inlet. During the engagement, Zhivuchy was targeted by GS U-997 on 9 December, which missed. The sinking of GS U-387 is disputed, with Soviet sources claiming Zhivuchy rammed and sunk the submarine while Rohwer claims that HMS Bamborough Castle sank the submarine using depth charges.

From 3–5 January 1945, the Soviet convoy BK 41 sailed from Archangel to Murmansk composed of 14 ships. Zhivuchy was part of the initial escort, however on 4 January the escort was strengthened. The convoy reached port safely. On 7 January, Zhivuchy sailed with convoy JW 63 as part of its escort. Eight merchant vessels were brought from Kola Inlet to Molotovsk. On 16 January, Zhivuchy was part of the covering group for Soviet convoy KB 1 sailing from Kola Inlet to the White Sea. On 21 and 24 January Zhivuchy was among the destroyers sent to hunt U-boats between Jokanga and Kola. On 5 February Zhivuchy was among the escort for Soviet convoy BK 2 sailing from Archangel to Murmansk. On 11 February, the destroyer joined the escort of convoy JW 64 in order to escort 15 merchant vessels traveling to the White Sea. On 16 February, Zhivuchy was among the vessels sent to drive the gathered U-boats from the entrance to Kola Inlet. Zhivuchy was among the Soviet escorts for convoy RA 65 from Archangel to the Barents Sea from 21 to 25 March 1945. The Soviet Union returned the ship on 24 June 1949 to Britain, which sold her for scrap in July of that year.

title: USS Fairfax