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Talk:Mozambique

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Portugese invasion
Article about Musa's battle against Portugese is needed. Zekenyan (talk) 05:14, 26 January 2016 (UTC)

Mozambique is a Semi-Presidential system
While the President of Mozambique is both head of state and government, his/her cabinet can be voted out of office by the legislature. This is somewhat similar to what happens on Namibia (also semi-presidential, president-parliamentary subtype) as it can be read on these three papers:,  --B.Lameira (talk) 04:07, 27 February 2016 (UTC)

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Changing / exchanging
The country didn't 'exchange hands': it just changed hands and then changed back again. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 49.219.36.146 (talk) 05:37, 1 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Quite right, and thanks for fixing it too. Batternut (talk) 09:13, 1 February 2017 (UTC)

Typos
Sorry, the "e" was left out without a reason.....Aflis (talk) 15:12, 18 April 2017 (UTC)

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Source on Mozambique deaths in re-education camps is rather poor
The Source for deaths in education camps (24) "Table 14.1C Centi-Kilo Murdering States: Estimates, Sources and Calculations. hawaii.edu" Has no actually source inside said document, written by a Professor Rummel, He writes only that the number of deaths (which the document says around 83.000-240.000 died) was consider accurate by western diplomats at the time. I was not able to find the original page for said document on his site on Hawaii.edu. Nevasky (talk) 23:41, 20 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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Coordinate error
The following coordinate fixes are needed for

—41.115.112.218 (talk) 11:34, 26 August 2018 (UTC)
 * You haven't explained what you think is wrong, and the only coordinates I see in the article (for the country itself and for the capital, Maputo) appear to be correct. If you still think that there is an error, you'll need to provide a clear explanation of what it is. Deor (talk) 13:34, 26 August 2018 (UTC)

Nomination of Portal:Mozambique for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether Portal:Mozambique is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The page will be discussed at Wikipedia:Miscellany for deletion/Portal:Mozambique until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the page during the discussion, including to improve the page to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the deletion notice from the top of the page. North America1000 01:29, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 23:54, 21 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Languages in Mozambique.png

Swahili
Hello, please stop deleting the word Swahili from the article to pretend that the Swahili were not involved in the slave trade on this coast of northern Mozambique, which is incidentally called the Swahili Coast. I just checked in a book called "História de Cabo Delgado e do Niassa, 1836-1929" (History of Cabo Delgado and Niassa, 1836-1929) by Eduardo Medeiros (please check on Google), and on page 58 there is a section devoted to the Swahili (os swahili) which provides a background to their history, ethnicity, social and economic organization. This is just one source, if you have a source stating that the arab-swahili were not involved in slavery (or did not exist!) please use it, otherwise please stop vandalizing the article. Regards, Teixant (talk) 09:30, 2 December 2020 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of "Template:Largest cities of Mozambique"
Template:Largest cities of Mozambique has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the entry on the Templates for discussion page. --Triggerhippie4 (talk) 11:07, 6 December 2021 (UTC)

Geography gr12 tropical cyclone Eloise
Tropical cyclone Eloise 41.116.67.25 (talk) 17:17, 2 March 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 15:14, 23 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Mozambique Product Exports (2019).svg

title: Talk:Mozambique


text:
Talk:Lactucarium

Could someone verify if this is actually used in a medical context anywhere? Otherwise it has to classified as recreational and be taken out of Category:Pharmacologic agents. It sounds like a nihilartikel to me. JFW | T@lk  16:22, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Lactucarium is referenced in A Manual of Organic Materia Medica and Pharmacognosy by Lucius E. Sayre, Fourth Edition, published by P. Blakiston’s Son & Co., Philadelphia, 1917. This is an early book on American Pharmacology. The item is discussed on pages 430-431 and has an item number of 594. This reference provides Botanical Characteristics, Source, Description of Drug, Constituents, Action and Uses, Official Preparations for Lactucarium.Tunga0048 (talk) 15:47, 18 November 2015 (UTC)

See here: http://www.henriettesherbal.com/eclectic/kings/lactuca.html --59.167.141.63 22:17, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

these are not a scholarly sources. this page is oozing with bull. i think it should be deleted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.64.65.111 (talk) 19:39, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

This page says Lactuca virosa is poisonous without citation while the page for Lactuca virosa says that it is often used as a unofficial medicine without ill affect, with citation. Without any proof and with conflicting evidence, the statement should be deleted. I'm not sure where this information could have come from since I can't find anything to back it up. I don't want to delete anything without confirmation, so if someone can confirm this, I'll remove it or someone else can remove it. Cafeinoz (talk) 01:39, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

The historical medicinal usage of Lactucarium is discussed on this page: http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_lettuce_opium.htm

Contemporary use: fact check

 * (Moving comment by User:96.233.252.247 here to talk page) 203.122.245.169 (talk) 04:10, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

how could this have cocaine in it when this book was written in arabia so long before cocaine was (or south america for that matter) was discovered? i know there are other plants in the same species but none of these have the same effects as the south american variety. User:96.233.252.247 11:08, 17 November 2008

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Lactucarium


text:
IRiver

iRiver, stylized IRIVER and formerly as iriver, is a South Korean consumer electronics division owned by Dreamus which markets music and other accessories in its domestic market.

The company, then officially known as ReignCom, was created in 1999 by seven former Samsung executives, initially releasing portable CD players and later widely known in the 2000s for a line of digital audio players and other portable media devices. In 2019, the company was rebranded as Dreamus.

History
In 1999, Duk-Jun Yang and Rae-Hwan Lee left Samsung Electronics, along with five colleagues. They formed ReignCom, with Yang as CEO, originally as a semiconductor distributor, then decided to capitalize on the growing MP3 player market. They decided to outsource manufacturing to AV Chaseway, in Shenzhen, China, and contract product design to INNO Design, an industrial design company in Palo Alto, California, while keeping R&D in-house.

The company's first iRiver product was the iMP-100, a portable CD player capable of decoding MP3 data files on CDs, released in November 2000. It and a later model, the iMP-250, were rebranded and sold by SONICblue in the United States under the Rio Volt name. iRiver sold later models with its own SlimX brand, billing them as the thinnest MP3 CD players in the world. By now, iRiver portable CD players had achieved high domestic popularity and were also popular elsewhere. iRiver was one of a number of South Korean companies who were dominating the worldwide MP3 industry in these early years.

2002–2005
In 2002, iRiver scrambled to develop its first flash memory player to meet demand from the U.S. Best Buy chain. This led to the release of their first DAP product, the iFP-100 "Prism" - named as such because of its distinctive shape designed by its design firm partner, INNO Design. By the end of the year, iRiver had already gained as much as 20% of the domestic market and was steadily increasing popularity in foreign markets. A year later, it was first to market with 512 MB and 1 GB flash players with its iFP-500 "Masterpiece" player. It had also completed its IPO at KOSDAQ, a Korean stock exchange. The company was also selling hard drive players to compete with the iPod: the iHP-300 followed by the H300.

iRiver rose to the No. 1 position in the global market of flash players. Its global market share overall was 14.1% in 2003, while Apple led with 21.6%. The marketing of iRiver America was mostly spent on PR and brand partnerships, featuring celebrities such as Ice Cube and Snoop Dogg.

By 2004 iRiver had gained solid market share in the digital audio player market in both the United States and Japan, and sold a total of 2.8 million players worldwide, of which 1.7 million was in the overseas market. During this time, the company went through a rebranding, including changing the styling of its name from iRiver to iriver, and using a ruby-red themed logo in place of blue. It also used adult film star Jenna Jameson and an Audrey Hepburn lookalike as spokesmodels promoting its products.

In 2005 the company decided to focus entirely on flash players like the H10, and the development of jukeboxes (except from the 20 GB version of the H10) was stopped as a result. The launch of Apple's iPod Shuffle hurt iriver sales and it dropped from the top ranking in flash-based players. iriver adopted a new marketing strategy in 2005, attempting to grab mindshare from Apple. It referred to the U10 flash player as the thumb thing. This referred to users controlling their MP3 devices with their thumbs, just as they do their cell phones and text messaging devices. The company also announced plans for digital audio players featuring Internet telephony.

iRiver's U.S. unit, based in Vancouver, Washington, held 3.4% of the U.S. MP3 player market in 2005, according to IDC - down from a peak of 13%. The company targeted early adopters among American users as it tried to regain dominance of the category. It also opened sales divisions in Brazil, Germany, Hong Kong and Japan. iRiver's parent Reigncom made significant financial losses by the end of 2005.

2006–2010
ReignCom announced in May 2006 that it would adjust its focus toward hand-held mobile gaming and other electronics, publicly reporting its intentions of quitting the PMP market. It has also reported sluggish sales for its music player business, including a loss of 35.58 billion won (US$36.68 million) in 2005, compared with a net profit of 43.46 billion won in 2004. In its South Korean home market, iRiver once accounted for 50% of sales and the company has bought ads claiming its products are a symbol of patriotism. It has also operated a small chain of iRiver Zone stores, with locations in Korea, Japan, and China. The Incheon International Airport shop features a large heart-shaped art piece, which represents the corporate "Heartbeat Philosophy" of "dedication to its customers". Its European market share had dropped to 0.4% in 2006, down from 1.3% the year prior, and it had also fallen in Japan and the US.

In 2006, the company had sales of 149.5 billion won and an operating loss of 54.4 billion won. The next year, until 2014, South Korean private equity firm Vogo Fund held a large stake in iRiver, which reported 5.5 billion won in profits on 206.8 billion won of sales, working to improve the company's prospects as its MP3 player business has dwindled. Deep losses followed in 2009 and 2010.

In May 2007, Reigncom announced a new division, Reigncom USA, to manage the iriver brand in the United States and help develop new products. The company also bought the Siren brand in Japan from A-MAX Japan, despite protests from Siren Inc. itself.

In 2009 its parent company renamed itself to iRiver and the brand expanded to other products including the Dicple series of electronic dictionaries in South Korea and then the iRiver Story e-book reader.

2011–present
The iRiver Story reader was released in 2010 and was followed by the Cover Story. The Story HD successor was launched in 2011 which was also iriver's first e-book reader in the American market. That same year, iriver launched its first Android smartphone and tablet in the domestic market.

iRiver was sold to SK Telecom in 2014.

In 2013, iRiver launched the premium brand of Astell & Kern. As the digital music player market had changed, Astell & Kern consisted of premium products instead of iriver's older conventional players.

In 2019, the iRiver company changed its name to Dreamus.

Digital audio players
iriver's products can all play MP3 and WMA audio files. Some units support text viewing, Ogg Vorbis audio files, Macromedia Flash, and/or BMP files. The company also supported Microsoft PlaysForSure, which allowed some products to support subscription-based music download services, including URGE, Napster, Rhapsody, and Yahoo! Music Unlimited. It also let users disable its DRM functionality.

Many players support multilingual display. They support Winamp playlists and allow repeat, shuffle play and programmable functions. Several preset and one user-defined EQ settings are included, plus a built-in FM tuner. A nearly unique feature of some iriver players was the direct MP3-recording capability with selectable bitrate of internal (FM, microphone) and external (line) sources.

Most iRiver players include a unique feature called study mode. Users can quickly jump back and forth within tracks by a certain time interval, set from three to 180 seconds in current models. The option was designed to help people listening to recorded language lessons. SonicBlue removed this feature from its rebranded Rio Volt models, causing some users to hack their players with iRiver firmware from other regions.

Initially connecting devices to the computer for music transfer required the iRiver Music Manager. In later firmwares UMS is supported so that the computer's native file explorer could be used to transfer files. Iriver eventually dropped UMS support for the U10, T30, T20 and T10 models in favor of Microsoft's MTP. The company later released an official Firmware Updater that allows users to switch between the MTP and UMS interfaces.

Hard disk based

 * iGP series
 * iGP-100 (1.5 GB) USB 2.0 connectivity. Plays MP3, WMA, ASF, and Ogg Vorbis files. UMS. Built in lithium-ion battery. Released in 2003.
 * H/iHP series
 * H10: (5 GB, 6 GB, 20 GB—except Asia), available in four different colors (red, blue, silver and grey), 16-bit color screen, can record from Radio, Internal Microphone (Voice) or Line-In (Line in only with extra cradle). The 5 GB and 6 GB models are around the size of the iPod mini and are composed mainly of aluminum. The navigation is done with a touchpad designed by iriver. These devices cannot play Ogg Vorbis files. PlaysForSure and UMS.
 * iHP-100 series: (10 GB, 15 GB, 20 GB, 40 GB) Voice, line in and FM recording. Optical in and out. Built in lithium-polymer battery. UMS. USB 2.0 connectivity.
 * H300 series: (20 GB, 40 GB) PlaysForSure and UMS. Built in lithium-polymer battery. Transfer with certain Digital Cameras. Voice, line in and FM recording. Plays video with Korean firmware. USB 2.0 connectivity.
 * E series
 * E10: (6 GB) Similar interface to that of the U10 series. The device also features a remote control for TV. PlaysForSure and UMS are supported. The device allows flash files to be played, videos and FM radio. It contains recording capabilities for both voice and FM radio. Released 2006 in Japan and South Korea, elsewhere in 2007.

Flash memory based

 * iFP series
 * iFP-100 (Prism): (32 MB, 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB) Prism shaped. USB 1.1 connectivity (four-pin mini-B plug). Plays MP3, WMA and WAV files. Prism shaped. MTP (UMS upgradable).
 * iFP-300 (Craft I): (64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB) Prism shaped. USB 1.1 connectivity. UMS. FM tuner. Voice, line in, and FM recording.
 * iFP-500 (MasterPiece I): (256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB) Soap bar shaped. USB 1.1 connectivity. UMS. FM tuner. Built in lithium-ion battery. Voice, line in and FM recording.
 * iFP-700 (Craft II): (128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB, 4 GB) Prism Shaped with rounded edges. USB 2.0 connectivity. UMS. FM tuner. Voice, line in and FM recording.
 * iFP-800 (Craft II): (128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB) Prism-shaped with rounded edges. USB 2.0 connectivity. UMS. FM tuner. Voice, line in and FM recording.
 * iFP-900 (MasterPiece II): (256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB) Soap bar-shaped. Color 1.2" LCD display. FM tuner. Voice, line in and FM recording. USB 2.0 connectivity. UMS. Built-in lithium-ion battery.
 * iFP-1000 (Prism Eye): (256 MB, 512 MB) 0.3 megapixel digital camera built in, prism shaped, color screen. USB 2.0 connectivity. UMS. Removable lithium-ion battery.
 * N series - necklace type
 * N10: (128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB) "medallion style" — worn hanging from the neck. USB 2.0 connectivity. UMS. Released in 2004.
 * N11: (128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB) "medallion style" — worn hanging from the neck. Features longer battery life than N10. USB 2.0 connectivity. UMS. Built in lithium-ion battery. OLED screen.
 * N12: (1 GB, 2 GB) "medallion style" — worn hanging from the neck. Released in South Korea in 2006.
 * N15 (Jewel): (2 GB, 4 GB)
 * N20
 * N20S

 * T series - de facto successor of iFP series
 * T5: 4 GB.
 * T6 (Neon): 4 GB. Thin low-end MP3 player. It has a colour 1.8-inch 128×160 screen and light-up touch controls.
 * T7 (Volcano / Stix): (4 GB) 25 mm active matrix 64×128 px OLED display; FM radio with recording facility and voice recording; SRS WOW HD; integrated lithium polymer battery and integrated USB connector.
 * T8 (Candy Bar): 4 GB. Weighs 26 g. Latest model in the T series. 1″ organic light-emitting diode (OLED) 128 x 64 screen.
 * T9: 4 GB
 * T10 (Music Clip): (256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB, 2 GB) Semi-prism shaped, MTP or UMS.
 * T20 (Metro Look): (256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB) USB stick design. Voice, line in and FM recording. Built in lithium-ion battery. PlaysForSure and UMS.
 * T30 (Craft III): (256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB) prism-shaped; line in, PlaysForSure and UMS support.
 * T50: (1 GB) using an AA battery.
 * T60: (1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB) using an AAA battery. Smaller than T50.
 * H series
 * H10 Jr.: (512 MB, 1 GB) A smaller version of the hard drive based H10. USB 2.0 connectivity. FM tuner. Voice and FM recording. Built-in lithium-ion battery. PlaysForSure and UMS.
 * E series
 * E100 : (2 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB) A portable media player with video, music, photo and a built-in FM tuner and stereo speakers. Introduced at CES 2008.
 * E50 (Metal): (2 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB) A Minor version of E100. Built with Aluminum.
 * E150: (2 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB) Upgraded version of the E100.
 * E200: (4 GB, 8 GB, 16 GB) Major upgraded version of the E100. Built with full Aluminum.
 * E300: (4 GB, 8 GB)
 * E30 (Matte): (2 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB)
 * E40: (4 GB, 8 GB)
 * U series (Clix)
 * U10: (1 GB, 2 GB), 2.2-inch screen, uses D-Click control system, Flash Lite support. Rectangular with rounded edges, 2.2-inch LCD, 70grams, microphone and FM radio recording, cradle available for extra functionality.
 * Clix: (1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB) iriver's flagship product when released in 2006. Started off as a rebranded U10 player and underwent a completed redesign in 2007 with the 2nd generation player.
 * Clix 2nd generation (U20): (2 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB) Stretched rectangle with rounded edges. Customizable with themes, FM and voice recording, UMS(MSC) – MTP compatible (interchangeable), cradle available for extra functionality. Hi-res AMOLED screen. Player is about the size of a credit card.
 * Clix+: (4 GB, 8 GB) A somewhat flatter Clix model featuring a DMB tuner. Like the previous generations, the Clix+ has a 2.2" AMOLED screen.
 * LPlayer: (4 GB, 8 GB) A smaller Clix.
 * SPINN (U30): 4 GB, 8 GB, and 16 GB versions with a 3.3-inch AMOLED touchscreen and unique toggle-wheel based tactile controls. Active Matrix OLED Display, FM and voice recording, T-DMB. Successor of Clix 2.
 * U100: Portable media player with Wi-Fi feature. Came out in January, 2011.
 * S series - ultra small type
 * S7: (1 GB) Small, screenless version of S10.
 * S10: (2 GB flash) Very small player, only 17.5 g. Has OLED screen. Uses D-Click control system of the U10/Clix. Built in lithium-polymer battery. UMS. USB 2.0 connectivity. Announced September 2006.
 * S100 (Panorama): (4 GB, 8 GB) Weighs 77 g. Has a 2.83" 240 x 320 screen with a T-DMB tuner, FM radio, voice recorder a microSD card slot.
 * Mplayer: (1 GB) A Mickey Mouse head-shaped digital audio player created in collaboration with Disney released in 2007.
 * Mplayer 2: (1 GB) Upgraded version of Mplayer.
 * Mplayer Swarovski (1 GB)
 * Mplayer+: (2 GB)
 * Mplayer Eyes: (2 GB) Variant of Mplayer, 2008.
 * Pocket Puppy
 * X20: Portable video player with a removable battery. Expandable with microSD cards.
 * Astell&Kern - line of premium high-resolution players.

CD players
These players would play MP3 format CD-R and CD-RW burned discs. The first player was the iMP-100 in 2000. The iMP-250 was released in 2001. OEM orders were received from the American Rio, and led to the iMP-100 and iMP-250 also being released as the RioVolt SP90/100 and SP250. The first SlimX models, iMP-350 and iMP-400, were released in 2002 and became very popular.

 * iMP-50
 * iMP-100
 * iMP-150
 * iMP-250
 * iMP-350 SlimX
 * iMP-400 SlimX
 * iMP-450 SlimX
 * iMP-550 SlimX
 * iMP-900 SlimX
 * iMP-700T
 * iMP-1000
 * iMP-1100

DataPlay players
In 2002 iRiver introduced the iDP-100 using the short-lived optical format DataPlay that holds 500 MB data.

Portable media players

 * PMP-120 and PMP-140: (20 GB, 40 GB) ("Portable Media Player") produced 2004 to 2005.
 * PMC series: (20 GB, 40 GB) ("Portable Media Center") running Microsoft Windows Mobile-based Portable Media Center, introduced in 2005.
 * P7: 4 GB, 8 GB, and 16 GB versions with 4.3-inch, 480 × 272 resolution LCD touchscreen
 * P8
 * P10: (33 GB) Portable media player with dictionary apps introduced at CES 2008. 1.3" hard disk, 4-inch touchscreen.
 * P20
 * P35
 * P100 IPS
 * K1 (Smart HD) : (8 GB, 16 GB) Portable Media Player based on Windows CE Operation Software. Wi-Fi, T-DMB tuner, FM radio, dictionary contents available. 3.5" 320 x 480 TFT-LCD touchscreen.
 * W7: widescreen with a touch 3-inch interface available in 4 GB and 8 GB versions. Winner of the MP3 and Portable Video category of "Best of CES Award" by CNET in 2008.
 * W10: a media player featuring a 3-inch touchscreen and internet phone function with KT.
 * NV series: These have built in satellite navigation
 * NV mini (M3)
 * NV Classic (M7)
 * NV (M10): Similar to NV Life, except it has a turnable wheel to navigate in addition to the touch screen.
 * NV Life (M20): (2 GB and 4 GB): An MP3 player based on Windows CE 5. It has a GPS and DMB feature. It has a touch interface with some keys for volume and power.
 * B series: These have DMB tuners for watching live TV.
 * B10 "Pocket TV", released 2006. Styled like iriver Clix.
 * B20, also featuring DAB digital radio. Styled like iriver Clix.
 * B30

UMPCs, Tablets, Smartphones

 * iriver Wing was introduced at Consumer Electronics Show January 2008. It was a clamshell ultra-mobile computer with a 4-inch touchscreen display and flat QWERTY keyboard.
 * iriver Tab: 7-inch tablet computer running Android, released in 2011.
 * iriver WOWtab
 * iriver Vanilla: Android 2.2 smartphone
 * iriver Ulala: Android 2.3.5 Gingerbread smartphone.

iriver showed off the W10 ultra mobile PC or tablet PC in a Hong Kong Electronics Fair in 2006, but it was not released.

At CES 2006, iriver also showed a new PMP and handheld gaming console called the G10. It was later renamed the Wing but was only expected to have a domestic release. However following delays it was never released.

Ebook readers

 * iriver Story: Electronic ink e-reader, with SD card expansion released in 2010.
 * iriver Cover Story: has an extra cover
 * iriver Story HD 2011 model added Wi-Fi and an improved screen.

Electronic dictionaries (Dicple)
Only released in South Korea.

 * D-10 (Dicple, which is a simplified character of dictionary & (mp3) player) This is an Electronic Dictionary featuring music playback. It is selling after 2004 Dec.
 * D-11
 * D-20 (Dicple α) This is also an Electronic Dictionary. Featuring an improved design and a 4.3, 260000, TFT color screen supporting pictures and other features that a typical electronic dictionary does not. It is designed to mimic the look of a laptop at 176(W) x 81.9(D) x 26.7(H) mm and comes in glossy red or black. The device has a 22-hour battery life for browsing the dictionary and a 30-hour battery life for audio. It is selling after 2006 Jan.
 * D-25 (Dicple 51) This Electronic Dictionary features 4.3, 260,000, TFT color screen, 1.3gb flash memory. This device is also known as Dicple 51 due to its number of contents. It is selling after 2006 Aug.
 * D-26
 * D-27
 * D-30
 * D-28 This is a minor version of the D-30. Removed PDF viewer and touchscreen.
 * D-5
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title: IRiver


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Pennsylvania Hospital

Pennsylvania Hospital is a private, non-profit, 515-bed teaching hospital located at 800 Spruce Street in Center City Philadelphia, The hospital was founded on May 11, 1751 by Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Bond, and was the second established public hospital (first was Bellevue) but had the first surgical ampitheatre in the United States. and its first medical library. It is part of the University of Pennsylvania Health System.

The hospital's main building, dating to 1756, is a National Historic Landmark.

18th century
Pennsylvania Hospital was originally conceived in 1751 by Thomas Bond as an institution "for the reception and cure of the sick poor...free of charge. It was funded by "matching grant" to donations of the people of Philadelphia by a bill, which the House passed unanimously on February 7, 1750. Franklin later wrote that, "I do not remember any of my political Manoeuvres, the Success of which gave me at the time more Pleasure." On September 2, 1751, Mathias Koplin donated the first plot of ground for the new hospital.

The first building at the hospital was opened on February 6, 1752, on High Street (now Market Street). Elizabeth Gardner, a Quaker widow, was appointed Matron of the hospital. As the hospital received support of the leading families in Philadelphia, its permanence was secured, and Samuel Rhoads was appointed architect of the new building.

Thomas Stretch was among the leading citizens of Philadelphia and one of the founders of Pennsylvania Hospital. He was a member of the Union Fire Company, also known as Benjamin Franklin's Bucket Brigade and a founder of the social club known as Schuylkill Fishing Company, and the club's first governor in 1732, re-elected annually until his death in 1765. Stretch was a director of the Philadelphia Contributionship (Hand-in-Hand fire mark) from 1758 to 1761.

In the Pennsylvania Gazette of May 29, 1755, Thomas Stretch appears as one of the largest subscribers with Benjamin Franklin and others to the fund for the Pennsylvania Hospital. The Stretch family and Benjamin Franklin each provided half of the original capital to fund the hospital. The list of subscribers reads:

Thomas Stretch and Joseph Stretch were sons of Peter Stretch (1670–1746) and Margery Hall Stretch (1668–1746). It is likely the reference to Isaac Stretch is to Isaac Stretch (1714–1770), son of Daniel Stretch (1694–1746), another son of Peter and Margery Stretch. The Stretch family were Quakers.

Joseph Stretch, mentioned above, was at this time "His Majesty's Collector of Excise for the City and County of Philadelphia", as may be seen from a notice in the Pennsylvania Gazette of October 28, 1756; and subsequently, in 1768, he was "His Majesty’s Collector of Customs, etc., for the Port of Philadelphia". Robert Harding was pastor of St. Joseph's Church.

In 1755, the cornerstone was laid for the East Wing of what would become the hospital's permanent location at 8th and Pine Streets. All of the patients were transferred from the temporary hospital to the permanent hospital on December 17, 1756. The first admission of a new patient occurred on the following day. The site continued to grow through the years with the addition of more wings; the West Wing of the building was built in 1796, and buildings, extra land, and further expansion have since been added.

19th century
While attending clinics in the Pennsylvania Hospital in November 1869, the first time women students attended the hospital, Anna Lukens and a Miss Brumall led a line of women students out of the hospital grounds amid hisses, jeers, insults, and thrown stones and mud from male students.

Pennsylvania Hospital gained a reputation as a center of innovation and medical advancement, particularly in the area of maternity. It was a teaching hospital from its very beginning, when Bond would lead rounds through what is now the east wing of the main building. In its early years it was also known for its particularly advanced and humane facilities for mentally ill patients at a time when mental illness was very poorly understood and patients were often treated very badly. Care of the mentally ill was removed to West Philadelphia in 1841 with the construction of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, later known as The Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital. Under superintendent Thomas Story Kirkbride, the hospital developed a treatment philosophy that became the standard for care of the mentally ill in the 19th century.

20th century
In 1950, Pennsylvania Hospital was recognized for becoming more highly specialized as it established, in addition to its sophisticated maternity programs, an intensive care unit for neurological patients, a coronary care unit, an orthopaedic institute, a diabetes center, a hospice, specialized units in oncology and urology and broadened surgical programs.

The hospital has served as a center for treating the war wounded. Patients were brought to the hospital for treatment in the Revolutionary War, the American Civil War and the Spanish–American War, and units from the hospital were sent abroad to treat wounded in World War I and in World War II (to the Pacific theater).

The seal of the hospital, chosen by Franklin and Bond, incorporates the story of the Good Samaritan; the phrase "Take Care of Him and I will repay Thee" is used on it.

In 1996, Patricia A. Ford established the bloodless medicine program at Pennsylvania Hospital and performed the first successful bloodless stem-cell transplant.

In 1997, Pennsylvania Hospital's Board of Managers made the decision to merge with the University of Pennsylvania Health System. The large health system helps to support the formerly stand-alone hospital with its network of resources.

21st century
In 2001, Pennsylvania Hospital celebrated its 250th anniversary. The Center for Transfusion-Free Medicine at Pennsylvania Hospital has evolved into a major national bloodless center that treats more than 1300 inpatients per year.

Reputation
According to US News & World Report Pennsylvania Hospital is ranked 7th among hospitals in the state of Pennsylvania and 3rd among 12 hospitals ranked in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. It also achieved a high-performing status across six subspecialties. Obstetrics & Gynecology was ranked 45th in the nation among 4,855 hospitals. The 2018 Becker's Hospital Review listed the internal medicine residency program at Pennsylvania Hospital 19th in the country. According to the Doximity residency internal medicine rankings, in the category "Reputation" Pennsylvania Hospital is 28th in the country of 620 programs. According to the Doximity residency Obstetrics & Gynecology rankings, in the category "Reputation" Pennsylvania Hospital is 48th in the country of 298 programs.

Historic library
In 1762, the first book for the hospital's medical library was donated by John Fothergill, a British friend of Franklin's. In 1847, the American Medical Association designated the library as the first, largest, and most important medical library in the United States. That year, in 1847, the library contained about 9,000 volumes. The collection now contains over 13,000 volumes dating back to the 15th century—including medical and scientific volumes as well as books on natural history. The library includes the nation's most complete collection of medical books published between 1750 and 1850. The collection also contains several incunabula, books written before 1501, when the printed process was invented.

Surgical amphitheater
The top floor of Pennsylvania Hospital is the home of the nation's oldest surgical amphitheater, which served as the operating room from 1804 through 1868. Surgeries were performed on sunny days between 11:00 am and 2:00 pm since there was no electricity at the time. The surgical amphitheater seats 180 and with those standing, up to 300 people might be present during any given surgical operation.

Physic garden
The Board of Managers first proposed the Physic Garden in 1774 to provide physicians with ingredients for medicines. The idea was approved, but financial circumstances intervened and the project was delayed for two centuries. In 1976, the planting of the garden was the bicentennial project of the Philadelphia Committee of the Garden Club of America and the Friends of Pennsylvania Hospital. Located in front of the Pine Building's West Wing, the garden has plants that were once used for medicines to stimulate the heart, ease toothaches, relieve indigestion, and cleanse wounds in the 18th century.

Maternity firsts
Pennsylvania Hospital is noted for its many firsts in the area of women's medicine, especially in maternity. In 1803, the hospital established a "lying-in" (or maternity) department. This lasted until 1854 when obstetrics and gynecology took a 75-year break at the hospital. The specialties were reinstated in 1929 with the opening of the Woman's Building (now the Spruce Building) which sported 150 adult beds, 80 bassinets, 2 operating rooms, a series of labor and delivery rooms, and outpatient clinics. It was considered "one of the most modern hospital buildings in the country" especially at a time when women's medicine was not thought to be very important and most births were still done at home. This was followed in 1978 with the first Antenatal Testing Unit (ATU) in the region and in 1985 when the first GIFT (Gamete IntraFallopian Transfer) pregnancy in Philadelphia was achieved at the hospital. In 1987, Pennsylvania Hospital achieved two obstetrical firsts: the first birthing suite in a tertiary care hospital in the state was opened, and the first gestational carrier and egg donor programs in the Delaware Valley were begun to complement the hospital's existing fertility services. In 1995, the hospital was the first in the region to achieve 1,000 live births from in-vitro fertilization, GIFT, and other assisted reproductive technologies.

Notable physicians

 * Benjamin Rush, on staff from 1783 until 1813, he was a medical teacher, a social reformer, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence.
 * Philip Syng Physick, on staff from 1794 until 1816, he achieved fame through his surgical prowess.
 * C. Everett Koop, intern in 1941, Surgeon General of the United States from 1982 to 1989. Koop completed residency training at Pennsylvania hospital.
 * Andrew von Eschenbach, intern, 1963, a director at biotechnology company BioTime, served as the 20th United States FDA Commissioner.
 * Patricia A. Ford, on staff since 1996, Director for the Center of Bloodless Medicine, performed the first bloodless stem cell transplant in 1995.

title: Pennsylvania Hospital


text:
Thérèse de Couagne

Thérèse de Couagne (19 January 1697 – 26 February 1764) was a capitalist and slave owner who played an active role in the economy of New France.

Thérèse de Couagne was born on 19 January 1697 in Montreal, New France. She was the daughter of Charles de Couagne, a merchant trader, and Marie Gaudé She died on 26 February 1764 at the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal. She was married to François Poulin de Francheville on 27 November 1718 and became a widow on 28 November 1733. She became interested in business after her husband died.

She also inherited ownership of the slave Marie-Joseph Angélique, who was convicted of setting de Couagne's house on alight, starting the fire of Montreal in 1734. Though Angélique was executed, contemporary historians are unsure of who set the fire.

title: Thérèse de Couagne


text:
Battle of the Kentish Knock

The Battle of the Kentish Knock (or the Battle of the Zealand Approaches) was a naval battle between the fleets of the Dutch Republic and England, fought on 28 September 1652 (8 October Gregorian calendar), during the First Anglo-Dutch War near the shoal called the Kentish Knock in the North Sea about thirty kilometres east of the mouth of the river Thames. The Dutch fleet, internally divided on political, regional and personal grounds, proved incapable of making a determined effort and was soon forced to withdraw, losing two ships and many casualties. In Dutch the action is called the Slag bij de Hoofden.

Backgrounds
Dutch Lieutenant-Admiral Maarten Tromp had been suspended by the States-General of the Netherlands after his failure to bring the English to battle off the Shetland Islands in August, and replaced as supreme commander of the confederate Dutch fleet by the Hollandic Vice-Admiral Witte de With of the Admiralty of the Maze. This caused an immediate rift between the provinces of Holland and Zealand as De With was the personal enemy of the commander of the Zealandic fleet, Vice-Admiral Johan Evertsen, who himself had quit service because of a conflict with the States-General. Earlier tensions had been moderated by the fact that both Tromp and Evertsen were staunch Orangists, but De With was a loyal servant of the States regime that had dominated Dutch politics since the death of stadtholder William II of Orange. De With, having for months advocated a more aggressive naval policy aimed at destroying the enemy fleet instead of passively defending the merchant convoys against English attack, now saw an opportunity to concentrate his forces and gain control of the seas. He set out to attack the English fleet at anchor at The Downs near Dover, departing from the Schooneveld on 25 September 1652, and joined the squadron of Vice-Commodore Michiel de Ruyter. The fleet was immediately hit by a storm damaging many vessels. De With also had to protect the trade routes and discovered that nine of De Ruyter's ships, that had been on sea for two months, had to return to port for repairs. De Ruyter suggested that under the circumstances it was better to simply keep luring away the English from merchant fleets while declining to really fight, but De With insisted on delivering a decisive battle, stating: "I shall lustily lead the fleet to the enemy; the devil may bring it back again!".

Battle
When the fleets finally met on 28 September, the United Provinces had 62 ships and about 1,900 cannon and 7,000 men; the Commonwealth of England 68 ships under General at Sea Robert Blake with about 2,400 cannon and 10,000 men. The van of the Dutch fleet was to be commanded by Michiel de Ruyter, the centre by De With himself and the rear by temporary Rear-Admiral Gideon de Wildt of the Admiralty of Amsterdam.

On the morning of 28 September the Dutch fleet, approaching from the east, had the previous evening been again scattered by a gale and was still dispersed when around noon it saw Blake coming out in force from the south. Having the weather gauge because of a south-south-western breeze, Blake intended to exploit this excellent opportunity for a direct attack on the disordered Dutch.

Having hurriedly assembled his force around 14:30, with the exception of five vessels that had drifted too far to the north, De With now wanted to transfer his flag from the smaller Prinses Louise to the Brederode, Tromp's former flagship and the most powerful vessel of the Dutch fleet. However, to his mortification, Tromp's crew refused to let him on board, addressing De With the invective 'green cheese' and even threatening to fire a salvo on his boat if he did not stop waving around his commission papers from the States-General: he had a very bad reputation among common sailors – indeed hundreds had already deserted when it became known he would be supreme commander. Zealandic Commodore Cornelis Evertsen the Elder, the brother of Johan Evertsen, was called in to negotiate but to no avail. When the enemy fleet was within half a mile distance, De With was forced to hoist his flag on the large but slow VOC-ship Prins Willem where he found the majority of its officers drunk and the crew to be consisting of untrained men.

Action was joined at about 17:00 when Blake, himself moving his flag from the too large Sovereign to the more manoeuvrable Resolution (former HMS Prince Royal (1610)), engaged the Dutch. Blake intended to break the Dutch line, but on the approach of the English fleet the mass of Dutch ships began to give way to the east. At the same time the wind slackened considerably. As a result, both fleets slowly passed each other in opposite tack. This was very unfavourable for the Dutch; normally being in a leeward position would have given them a longer range, but with such gentle winds this advantage was absent while the English ships were larger and better armed than their opponents, inflicting severe damage. Nevertheless, some English ships at first got into trouble: the Sovereign and James ran aground on the Kentish Knock sandbank and only with much difficulty worked themselves free; the Resolution and the Dolphin, venturing too far forward, became isolated and surrounded but were saved by the encroachment by the other English vessels. The Prins Willem was disabled, meaning that De With was greatly hampered in his efforts to lead his forces. But soon, by 19:00, the fighting stopped due to the onset of darkness, the fleets just having finished this single manoeuvre. At this moment one Dutch ship, the Maria, had been captured while another captured ship, the Gorcum, was abandoned by the English in a sinking condition but re-occupied and saved by the Dutch. The Burgh van Alkmaar blew up. Several Dutch ships, their morale shaken by the devastating English fire, left their formation.

The next day, early in the morning, about ten Dutch ships, mostly commanded by captains from Zealand who resented the domination of Holland and severely disliked De With, had broken off the engagement and simply sailed home. This is usually attributed to the fact that De With in the battle council in the morning of the second day had called all Zealandic captains cowards and had warned them that in Holland there was still sufficient wood left to erect gallows for any of them. The situation had become hopeless for the Dutch who now had 49 ships left in their fleet while the English fleet had during the night been reinforced to 84, yet De With still wanted to make a last effort.

On his directions the Dutch fleet, now positioned to the southeast of the English force, sailed farther south in the hope of gaining the weather gauge. This design failed however: first some ships, with difficulty beating up the wind, coursed too far to the west and were badly mauled by the fire of the English rear; and hardly had the Dutch fleet moved to its intended position when it all proved to have been in vain because the wind turned to the northeast, giving the English the weather gauge again. Michiel de Ruyter and Cornelis Evertsen now managed to convince De With to accept the inevitable and the Dutch fleet late in the afternoon withdrew to the east followed by Blake; as De With angrily described it: "like a herd of sheep fleeing the wolves". Assisted by a westerly De With and De Ruyter nicely covered the retreat with a dozen ships and the Dutch would not lose any more vessels.

The English fleet halted its pursuit when the Flemish shoals were reached; De With now decided to quickly repair the fleet at sea in the Wielingen basin and then make another attempt at defeating the enemy. This order was met with utter disbelief by his fellow flag officers. De Ruyter tactfully pointed out: "Such courage is too perilous". Understanding he was alone in his opinion De With at last agreed to withdraw the fleet to Hellevoetsluis, where it arrived on 2 October (12 October).

Aftermath
The Dutch recognized after their defeat that they needed larger ships to take on the English, and instituted a major building program of sixty ships that would only be completed some years after the conflict, first seeing action in the opening stages of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. According to De With this, besides a lack of a sufficient number of fireships, had been the main cause of the Dutch failure; he pointed out that many a light English frigate could outshoot the average Dutch warship. However, according to public opinion there was only one to blame for the defeat: De With himself. As one of the more polite pamphlets put it, a week after the battle:

 * From this disorder and unwillingness to fight it can be seen and noticed what difference it makes whether one has or appoints a Head of a fleet who is judicious, polite and popular – or whether one imposes on the men a Head who is unloved, despised by the men and unsavoury to them. Vice-Admiral De Witt is, we all know this, an excellent soldier and bold Sailor, who fears no danger, nor even death itself. Likewise Commodore de Ruyter is an audacious and fearless Hero, who would not hesitate to engage the worst of enemies, heeding no danger. Notwithstanding all of this, we also know that Admiral Tromp possesses all these same qualities; and besides these uncommon virtues: of being an extraordinary careful, Godfearing and virtuous man who does not call his men dogs, devils, or devil's brood; but children, friends, comrades and similar loving and endearing words to address them with. By which he so much endears those serving under him that they, as they say, would go through fire for him and risk their lives, yes, by manner of speech, would not hesitate to fight the devil. If such a loved and respected Head is then kept from the fleet and replaced by those who displease the men, now it is shown what calamity and disaster this brings with it.

The same evening of the 12th the States-General learned of the defeat, they sent a letter to both Tromp and Johan Evertsen, asking them to return.

The English believed that the Dutch had been all but defeated, and sent twenty ships away to the Mediterranean, a mistake that led to a defeat at the Battle of Dungeness but didn't prevent the defeat of the not yet reinforced English Mediterranean fleet at the Battle of Leghorn. In the former battle the Dutch were led again by Tromp; De With had suffered a mental breakdown and would be officially replaced as supreme commander in May 1653.

Ship lists
No complete lists exist and especially the order of battle of the English fleet is poorly known. The Dutch list differs in detail from particular lists of ships from late September 1652 from Witte de With's journal and other archival sources. Known ships include:

England (Robert Blake)
• Sovereign 106

• Resolution 88

• James 66

• Triumph 60

• Vanguard 58

• Andrew 56

• Speaker 54

• Lion 50

• Convertine 44

• Garland 44

• Advice 42

• Diamond 42

• Foresight 42

• Pelican 42

• Ruby 42

• Assistance 40

• Assurance 40

• Dragon 40

• London 40 (hired merchantman)

• Nonsuch 40

• President 40

• Richard and Martha 40 (hired merchantman)

• Portsmouth 38

• Anthony Bonaventure 36 (hired merchantman)

• Hound 36 (ex-?)

• Guinea 34

• Hercules 34 (hired merchantman)

• Lisbon Merchant 34 (hired merchantman)

• Convert 32 (ex-French)

• Mary 32 (flyboat)

• Exchange 30 (hired merchantman)

• Cullen 28 (hired merchantman)

• Prudent Mary 28 (hired merchantman)

• Advantage 26 (ex-Dutch)

• Falmouth 26 (ex-Dutch)

• Sampson 26 (ex-Dutch)

• Martha 25 (hired merchantman)

• Golden Dove 24 (hired merchantman)

• Old Warwick 24

• Pearl 24

• Acorn 22 (hired merchantman)

• Cygnet 22

• Little President 22

• Nightingale 22

• Gift 16+ (hired merchant pink)

• Paradox 12

• Renown 10 (fireship)

title: Battle of the Kentish Knock


text:
Oyggjaframi (M-L)

Oyggjaframi (marx-leninistar) (lit. 'Advancement for the Islands, Marxist-Leninist') or OFML was a communist organization in the Faroe Islands. The party was established in 1972 when it split from Oyggjaframi.

Origins
In 1968 the Copenhagen-based Faroese association Oyggjaframi had founded a branch in Tórshavn. Whilst the Copenhagen branch continued to function as a broad socialist discussion club, a tendency emerged within the Tórshavn branch calling for the building of a communist party on the basis of Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought. At the Oyggjaframi congress in 1972 the organization was split, with the Copenhagen branch continuing to function as Faroese Socialists and the Tórshavn branch constituting OFML.

Rhetoric
As of 1975, Hermann Oskarsson was chairman of OFML. The 1975 congress of OFML adopted 5 slogans outlining the priorities of the organization;
 * Studies as the central activity
 * Consolidate and expand democratic centralism
 * Strike roots in the working class
 * Lead the popular movement against the EEC
 * Publish a communist workers newspaper

OFML published the first issue of Arbeiðið May 1, 1976.

Initially OF(m-l) took part in the Nordic cooperation of Marxist-Leninist parties that included Arbeidernes Kommunistparti of Norway, Kommunistiska Förbundet Marxist-Leninisterna of Sweden, Kommunistisk Arbejderparti of Denmark, Marxist-Leninist Groups of Finland, and Einingarsamtök Kommúnista (marx-lenínistar) of Iceland. When the Sino-Albanian split occurred, OFML and EIK(ml) followed the People's Republic of Albania.

During its last years, OFML kept close contacts with the pro-Albanian Danish Danmarks Kommunistiske Parti/Marxister-Leninister.

title: Oyggjaframi (M-L)


text:
Tonks

Tonks is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
 * Adrian Tonks (1898–1919), British military aviator
 * Benjamin Tonks (1832-1884), New Zealand politician
 * Dick Tonks (born 1951), New Zealand rower
 * Greig Tonks (born 1989), Scottish rugby union player
 * Henry Tonks (1862-1937), English surgeon and artist
 * Horace Norman Vincent Tonks (1891-1959), Anglican bishop
 * Les Tonks (1942–2017), English rugby league footballer of the 1960s and 1970s
 * Lewi Tonks (1897-1971), American quantum physicist
 * Oliver Samuel Tonks (1874-1953), American art historian
 * Rosemary Tonks (1932-2014), English author and poet
 * Tony Tonks (born 1985), English rugby player

Fictional characters:

From the Harry Potter franchise:
 * Andromeda Tonks
 * Nymphadora Tonks
 * Ted Tonks

title: Tonks


text:
Hidden Valley Lake

Hidden Valley Lake may refer to:

 * Hidden Valley Lake, California, a census-designated place in Lake County, California
 * Hidden Valley Lake (California), a reservoir in Hidden Valley Lake, California
 * A lake in Hidden Valley, Indiana
 * A lake in the Hidden Valley Wildlife Management Area, Washington County, Virginia

title: Hidden Valley Lake


text:
Creo (company)

Creo, now part of Eastman Kodak Company, was a Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada-based company, involved in imaging and software technology for computer to plate and digital printing. The name derives from the Latin creo, "I create."

Creo was founded in 1983 and acquired by Kodak 22 years later on January 31, 2005.

In its current incarnation, Kodak Digital Printing Solutions Group manufactures printing plates, professional digital cameras, color and copydot scanning systems; inkjet, drop-on-demand, and digital halftone proofers; workflow management software; variable information workflow systems; and computer-to-film and computer-to-plate devices..

Creo Inc.
Prior to acquisition by Kodak, Creo had over 4,200 employees spread over five sites in the Greater Vancouver area, with three in the Burnaby area and two facilities in Delta, BC. Creo and was initially a manufacturer of optical tape recorder (OTR) devices and a vendor of laser imaging engines to the printing industry. Some of Creo's main products are Prinergy, Prinergy Evo and InSite, a prepress workflow and file processing system. In 2000, it acquired the worldwide graphic arts operations of Scitex, based out of Israel. A more detailed history is published by International Directory of Company Histories.

Founders and Officers
Creo was founded in 1983 by Dan Gelbart (who retired from Kodak in 2007, two years after acquisition) and Ken Spencer (who retired from Creo in the 1990s, prior to acquisition). Amos Michelson was the CEO from 1995 until it was sold to Kodak in 2005.

title: Creo (company)


text:
Hidden Valley

Hidden Valley may refer to:

Antarctica

 * Hidden Valley (Antarctica), in Victoria Land

Australia

 * Hidden Valley, one of Alice Springs town camps, Northern Territory
 * Hidden Valley, Northern Territory, a suburb in Darwin
 * Hidden Valley Raceway, a motorsports complex located near Darwin
 * Hidden Valley, Queensland, a locality in the Shire of Livingstone
 * Mirima National Park, Western Australia, previously known as Hidden Valley National Park
 * An area of Wallan, Victoria

Canada

 * Hidden Valley, Calgary, a neighbourhood in Calgary, Alberta
 * Hidden Valley Highlands, a ski area in Huntsville, Ontario
 * Hidden Valley Resort, a holiday resort in Huntsville, Ontario

Indonesia

 * Baliem Valley in Papua, also known as Ichiban

Papua New Guinea

 * Hidden Valley mine, a gold mine operated by Newcrest Mining

Nepal

 * Hidden Valley, in the Dhaulagiri massif

Scotland

 * Coire Gabhail, also known as Hidden Valley, in the Bidean nam Bian mountain massif

United States

 * Hidden Valley, California (disambiguation), multiple locations
 * Hidden Valley (Ski Estes Park), Colorado
 * Hidden Valley, Indiana
 * Hidden Valley, Nevada, on Interstate 15
 * Hidden Valley (New Jersey), a skiing facility in Vernon Township
 * Hidden Valley (Charlotte, North Carolina)
 * Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania
 * Hidden Valley (Virginia)
 * Hidden Valley (Bacova, Virginia), listed in the National Register of Historic Places
 * Hidden Valley, West Virginia
 * Hidden Valley Farm, Baldwin, Maryland, listed in the National Register of Historic Places
 * Hidden Valley High School (disambiguation)
 * Hidden Valley Lake (disambiguation)
 * Hidden Valley Resort (Pennsylvania), a ski resort in Pennsylvania
 * Hidden Valley Rockshelter, Warm Springs, Virginia, listed in the National Register of Historic Places
 * Hidden Valley Ski Area, a skiing area in Missouri

Mars

 * A dune-filled valley near the slopes of Aeolis Mons

Other uses

 * Hidden Valley Ranch, a brand of salad dressing
 * Hidden Valley (film), a 1932 singing cowboy western
 * The Hidden Valley, a 1916 silent film starring Valda Valkyrien
 * The Hidden Valley of Oz, a 1951 book by Rachel R. Cosgrove

title: Hidden Valley