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Alan Pardew

Alan Scott Pardew (born 18 July 1961) is an English football manager and former professional footballer, who most recently managed Greek Super League club Aris Thessaloniki.

Pardew's highest achievements in the sport include reaching the FA Cup Final three times: as a player with Crystal Palace in 1990 and as a manager with West Ham United in 2006 and in 2016 when his Crystal Palace side lost to Manchester United. He has also achieved promotion three times in his career, as a player with Palace and as a manager with Reading and West Ham. He managed Newcastle United from 2010 to 2014.

As manager of Newcastle, Pardew won both the Premier League Manager of the Season and the LMA Manager of the Year awards for the 2011–12 season after guiding the Magpies to European football for the first time since the club's return to the Premier League. He later managed Crystal Palace, West Bromwich Albion and ADO Den Haag, as well as working as a Sky Sports pundit for the 2017–18 Premier League season.

Early career
Pardew was born in Wimbledon, London. He started his career as a part-time player in non-League football at Whyteleafe and Epsom & Ewell, while working as a glazier. At one stage, he gave up football for six months while working in the Middle East, but he returned to football at Corinthian Casuals, before later having spells at Dulwich Hamlet and Yeovil Town. Pardew was also in the England semi-professional squad during this time.

Crystal Palace
Pardew moved to Second Division club Crystal Palace in 1987 for a fee of £7,500. In 1989, he helped Palace win promotion to the First Division after beating Blackburn Rovers in the play-offs. The following year, in 1990, he scored the winning goal as Palace beat Liverpool 4–3 after extra time in the FA Cup semi-final at Villa Park. He then played in both the final and the final replay as Palace lost to Manchester United.

Palace continued to impress in the First Division, and in 1990–91 secured their highest-ever league finish of third, with Pardew also featuring as Palace beat Everton to win the Full Members' Cup at Wembley Stadium.

Later career
Pardew moved to Charlton Athletic in November 1991, and was Charlton's top scorer in the 1992–93 season with ten goals. In 1995, Pardew appeared four times on loan at Tottenham Hotspur in the 1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup. He played in the team who suffered the heaviest loss in Spurs' history, when they lost 8–0 away to German side 1. FC Köln. Spurs had fielded a team made up of reserves and loanees, including Pardew, for their final group game in Cologne.

After rejecting an opportunity to play in Hong Kong, Pardew then moved to Barnet, and became a player-coach under manager Terry Bullivant. When Bullivant moved to Reading in 1997, he took Pardew with him as reserve-team manager.

International career
At international level, Pardew was a member of the England semi-professional squad during his time playing in English non-League football for Dulwich Hamlet and Yeovil Town.

Reading
Pardew's first experience as manager came in March 1998 when he was appointed as caretaker after the departure of Bullivant. His first match in charge was against Huddersfield Town on 21 March 1998, which Reading lost 0–2. After the appointment of Tommy Burns, he remained as reserve team manager until the end of the 1998–99 season, when Reading disbanded their reserve team. Nevertheless, he was promoted to manager of the club after a successful spell as caretaker in 1999. He turned the club around from relegation fighters to promotion candidates through players, such as Jamie Cureton, and his régime to increase the fitness of the squad.

Pardew's Reading side lost 3–2 to Walsall in a Division Two play-off final at the end of the 2000–01 season, but this was redeemed the next season as the club achieved automatic promotion to Division One. Pardew's first season in the higher division was impressive, as the club finished fourth. They lost in the play-offs again, this time to Wolverhampton Wanderers.

West Ham United

Early into the 2003–04 season, West Ham United asked Reading permission to appoint Pardew as their new manager. Although Reading refused permission, Pardew resigned from his position on 10 September 2003. Eventually, a compromise agreement was reached, allowing Pardew to become manager at West Ham.

Pardew's first season at West Ham resulted in a play-off final defeat to his former club Crystal Palace. In the 2004–05 season, West Ham struggled to find promotion form, with Pardew coming under pressure from the club's supporters. West Ham eventually succeeded in gaining promotion to the Premier League after defeating Preston North End in the play-off final. Pardew guided the Hammers to ninth place in the Premier League in the 2005–06 season, which culminated in an appearance in the final of the FA Cup. After drawing 3–3 with Liverpool at the end of extra time, West Ham lost on penalties, resulting in the second FA Cup final defeat of Pardew's career.

In the 2006–07 season, Pardew was criticised after seeing West Ham through their worst run of defeats in over 70 years, which included an exit from the UEFA Cup to Palermo in the first round, and a League Cup defeat to Chesterfield. West Ham's new owners stated their support for Pardew, but on 11 December 2006, following a 4–0 defeat away at Bolton Wanderers the previous weekend, Pardew was dismissed by the club.

Charlton Athletic
Pardew's absence from management lasted less than two weeks, after which he was appointed manager of Charlton Athletic on 24 December 2006, signing a three-and-a-half-year contract. He took over with Charlton in 19th place in the Premier League, with just 12 points and a minus – 20 goal difference, the lowest in the league. Although Charlton's form improved under Pardew, he was unable to keep Charlton up, resulting in the first relegation of his career, both as a player and manager.

To spearhead their return to the Premier League, Pardew signed Chris Iwelumo and Luke Varney in the 2007–08 season. But Charlton failed to mount a serious promotion challenge, and finished the season in eleventh place. This put Pardew under pressure entering the 2008–09 season, but Charlton started the season off well with victories over Reading and Swansea City. Charlton's form, however, quickly deteriorated and they were near the foot of the table after eight games without a win. After a 5–2 home defeat to Sheffield United, hundreds of supporters remained for more than an hour to condemn their manager, chanting, "We want Pardew out" and "We want our club back" after Charlton had slipped into the Championship's bottom three. On 22 November 2008, Pardew parted company with Charlton by mutual consent.

Southampton
Pardew was named the new manager of Southampton on 17 July 2009, after the new owner Markus Liebherr had taken over the club and dismissed Mark Wotte a day after completing the deal to save the Saints. Pardew's first signing for the club was Dan Harding, who signed on a free transfer after being released by Ipswich Town. His first league match in charge was against Millwall on 8 August 2009, which ended in a 1–1 draw. He brought many new signings to the club, including League One strikers Rickie Lambert and Lee Barnard, the first of whom cost £1 million. Pardew led his side up the League One table, and, despite their ten-point deduction, their challenge for a playoff place was kept alive until there were just two league games remaining.

Pardew led Southampton to the 2010 League Trophy final at Wembley Stadium, where they won 4–1 against Carlisle United. The win gave the club their first trophy since 1976. Five months later, Pardew was dismissed by the club, amidst reports of low staff morale and conflicts between Pardew and club chairman Nicola Cortese.

Newcastle United

On 6 December 2010, Chris Hughton was dismissed as manager of Newcastle United. Three days later, the club confirmed Pardew as the club's new manager on a five-and-a-half-year contract. Sky Sports reported that, of 40,000 fans taking part in a poll on who should become the next manager, Pardew only received the backing of 5.5% of voters.

Pardew stated: "I'm not a Geordie of course, but I'm a football person with a love of the game and I can assure you I bring great drive, desire and commitment to the job. Chris Hughton did a great job last season, guiding the club back to the Premier League, and he continued that good work this season. It is my aim to build on that now and take this club forward." He acknowledged that he would face a battle to win over players and supporters, and that other managers had texted him to say "you must be mad going there", but he declared, "It's one of the top five clubs in England. It's a daunting prospect but something I couldn't turn down."

In his first game in charge, Pardew led Newcastle to a 3–1 win over Liverpool at St James' Park on 11 December 2010, with goals from Kevin Nolan, Joey Barton and Andy Carroll. In the club's first home match of 2011, he achieved a notable 5–0 victory over his former club West Ham. He brought in his own coaching staff in the form of John Carver as assistant manager, who had worked as assistant to Sir Bobby Robson six years earlier. Andy Woodman was also Pardew's appointment as goalkeeping coach. Soon after, however, Pardew suffered one of the biggest upsets in the club's history as Newcastle went down 3–1 to League Two side Stevenage in the third round of the FA Cup.

The following month, however, Pardew led the Magpies to a 4–4 draw with Arsenal in a match at St James' Park on 5 February 2011. Newcastle were 4–0 down at half-time, only to come back to level the match. This has been seen as one of the most remarkable comebacks in Premier League history. He secured Newcastle's safety in the Premier League with a 2–1 win over Birmingham City on 7 May 2011, with the club in mid-table. This result was followed by a 2–2 draw at Chelsea and a 3–3 draw against West Bromwich Albion at St James' Park. In this match, however, they let a 3–0 goal lead slip, meaning they would finish outside the top ten in 12th place.

In the summer of 2011, Pardew brought many French-speaking players to the club, including Yohan Cabaye, Sylvain Marveaux and Demba Ba. At the start of the 2011–12 season, Pardew led Newcastle to their best start to a Premier League campaign in 17 years, with an unbeaten run of eleven matches in all competitions.

In January 2012, Pardew signed striker Papiss Cissé from Bundesliga club Freiburg. This was another pivotal signing in the resurgence of Newcastle, as he scored 13 goals in twelve games.

Two days prior to the final match of the season, Pardew won the Premier League Manager of the Season award, becoming the first Newcastle manager to achieve this. He was given the award after an impressive season with Newcastle, where he guided them to a European place for the following season. He also won the League Managers Association Manager of the Year award, which made him the first and only English manager to win the two individual awards in a single Premier League season. On 27 September 2012, Pardew signed an eight-year contract extension with the club.

During the 2013 January transfer window, Pardew signed a number of players from the French Ligue 1 – including internationals such as Mapou Yanga-Mbiwa, Mathieu Debuchy and Moussa Sissoko – to help boost Newcastle's chances. The new signings helped Pardew to guide Newcastle to their first European quarter-final in eight years, as they defeated Russian side Anzhi Makhachkala 1–0 on aggregate. On 14 April 2013, Pardew's Newcastle side lost 3–0 to Sunderland at St James' Park, Newcastle's biggest home defeat to Sunderland since Bill McGarry's side lost 4–1 in February 1979. On 6 December 2013, Pardew was awarded the November Premier League Manager of the Month award, after guiding Newcastle to four wins out of four. He followed this up with the club's first win at Old Trafford in 41 years, defeating Manchester United 0–1 on 7 December 2013.

Newcastle's form since the turn of the year into the end of season 2013–14 was described by the regional press as "a total collapse", with the club losing 15 of 21 competitive fixtures. Fans' discontent boiled over in the final home match of the season on 3 May, when Pardew (and club owner Ashley) received vocal and sustained abuse from the stands despite a 3–0 victory over Cardiff City. The Chronicle newspaper commented: "This was arguably the worst personal abuse a Newcastle manager has had to endure at any game. It was an excruciating afternoon for all concerned." Despite this, he retained the trust of owner Mike Ashley, with the press, including the Chronicle, reporting that he would be given a chance to rebuild the side for the 2014–15 season. In September 2014, with the club in bottom place in the Premier League, some fans created a website, Sackpardew.com, to instigate his dismissal. Protests were also planned before a game against Hull City, which included the printing of 30,000 A4 sheets calling for his dismissal. In November 2014, Pardew guided Newcastle to six consecutive wins in all competitions, the second time he had done so during his time as manager at the club. On 6 December 2014, Pardew's side ended Chelsea's unbeaten start to the season in all competitions, as Newcastle beat them 2–1 at St James' Park. On 12 December 2014, Pardew was awarded the Premier League Manager of the Month award for November 2014.

On 29 December 2014, after the dismissal of Neil Warnock, Pardew was given permission to talk to Crystal Palace on the club's managerial vacancy, with compensation agreed. A day later, John Carver assumed first-team managerial duties, with Pardew absent from training.

Crystal Palace
On 3 January 2015, Pardew was confirmed as the new Crystal Palace manager, signing a three-and-a-half-year contract with the club after a compensation package of £3.5 million was agreed. Two days later, in his first match in charge, Palace won 4–0 away to Conference club Dover Athletic in the third round of the FA Cup. His first league match in charge was a 2–1 home win against Tottenham Hotspur. Crystal Palace continued in fine form under Pardew with two successive wins, including a 3–2 victory over Southampton to advance into the fifth round of the FA Cup. His first defeat in charge was a 0–1 home loss to Everton on 31 January 2015. Pardew went on to guide Crystal Palace to their best ever Premier League finish of tenth place. The Daily Mirror reported that Pardew was the first manager to take over a Premier League club in the relegation zone and eventually guide them to a top half finish; and that "Pardew has a legitimate claim to keeping two teams up this campaign" with Newcastle "staying up on the final day of the season – surviving really only on their early season form".

The 2015–16 season started well for Pardew – wins over teams such as Chelsea, Aston Villa and Liverpool meant there was talk of a UEFA Europa League spot early in the campaign. After 19 games, the season's midpoint, Palace sat in fifth position in the Premier League, and looked well positioned to challenge for said European spot going into the New Year of 2016.

However, this target would ultimately not be reached, as Palace made a dismal start to 2016. They embarked on a 14-game winless run, which came to a halt with a 1–0 win over Norwich City. They would only win one other league game throughout the entire season – a 2–1 home victory over Stoke City on the penultimate match day of the season, enough to keep the club in the division by finishing 15th. Despite the poor league form, Pardew and his team qualified for the 2015–16 FA Cup final after a 2–1 win over Watford, thanks to goals from Yannick Bolasie and Connor Wickham. They subsequently lost the cup final 2–1 to Manchester United.

After a poor start to the 2016–17 season, and poor results overall in the 2016 calendar year, Pardew was dismissed as manager on 22 December 2016; Palace had won only six matches of 36 played in 2016. They had won one in eleven, and were placed 17th in the Premier League table at the time of his dismissal. Palace chairman Steve Parish said Pardew's "expansive style of football hasn't worked", and, "Now we're going to wind the dial back the other way".

West Bromwich Albion
On 29 November 2017, Pardew was appointed as the new manager of Premier League club West Bromwich Albion, replacing the dismissed Tony Pulis, signing a contract lasting until the end of the 2019–20 season. "I'm thrilled with the opportunity to work with a talented group", he said. "The immediate challenge will be to get the results we need to pull ourselves up the table. But I'm aware that while I'm joining one of the great, traditional clubs of English football, it is one determined to go forward in the Premier League." John Carver joined the coaching staff as assistant manager, having previously worked under Pardew at Newcastle United. In his debut game in charge, the club drew 0–0 at The Hawthorns, against his previous club Crystal Palace.

On 2 April 2018, West Bromwich Albion and Pardew mutually parted company after he had been manager for four months. At the time, Albion had gone ten games without a win, were on a run of eight successive defeats and were bottom of the Premier League.

ADO Den Haag
On 24 December 2019, Pardew was announced as the new head coach of ADO Den Haag of the Dutch Eredivisie, signing a contract until the end of the 2019–20 season. He took charge of eight league games, winning one, before play was halted in the Netherlands on 12 March due to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. Den Haag were seven points from safety in the 2019–20 Eredivisie before the season was cancelled with no relegation. Amidst reports that he was due a £100,000 bonus for avoiding relegation, he said: "In this difficult period, I would always return any bonus to the club, which will certainly find a good destination for it". He left the club on 28 April 2020 after both parties mutually agreed to not extend his contract beyond the end of the season.

CSKA Sofia
On 23 November 2020, he was appointed аdviser on football matters, to the owners of CSKA Sofia. In April 2022, Pardew took charge of the first team following the resignation of the manager Stoycho Mladenov. His debut game as manager was a 0–0 home draw in the First League against Levski Sofia on 17 April. Pardew lost his second league game, against Ludogorets Razgrad by a score of 5–0, marking the biggest defeat for CSKA in the season. CSKA Sofia were also defeated in the Bulgarian Cup Final by archrivals Levski Sofia.

On 1 June 2022, Pardew left CSKA as manager and technical director after bananas were thrown towards CSKA's black players by their own supporters. His assistant, Alex Dyer, who is black, also left.

Aris Thessaloniki
On 14 September 2022, Pardew was appointed as the new manager of Greek Super League club Aris Thessaloniki, replacing Germán Burgos. He signed a one-year contract with the option to extend for a further year. He left the club on 23 February 2023 by mutual consent.

Controversies
Pardew has been involved in several controversial issues and events during his managerial career which are listed below:
 * In September 2003, Pardew resigned from Reading after being refused permission to become manager at West Ham. Reading's chairman John Madejski attempted to create an injunction in the High Court to prevent him from moving to West Ham. Eventually Reading's legal action was dropped, and Pardew joined West Ham after a period of gardening leave.
 * In March 2006, Pardew had a dispute with Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger, after he criticised Arsenal for failing to field an English player in their UEFA Champions League win against Real Madrid. Wenger suggested that Pardew was being xenophobic, a claim Pardew denied, citing his marriage to a Swedish woman.
 * In November 2006, Pardew had another dispute with Wenger after celebrating West Ham's win over Arsenal. Wenger claimed he was provoked into pushing Pardew after Pardew's celebrations at West Ham's late win. Wenger also refused to shake Pardew's hand at the final whistle, as is customary. Wenger was later fined by the FA, while Pardew was cleared of the charges in January 2007.
 * In October 2007, Pardew intervened on the pitch in a match against Hull City to try to break up a confrontation between Charlton and Hull players after Lloyd Sam and Ian Ashbee were sent-off. Pardew denied he made the situation worse by intervening.
 * In March 2009, Pardew stated on Match of the Day 2 that Chelsea midfielder Michael Essien "absolutely rapes" Manchester City player Ched Evans during a midfield tussle for the ball, in the sense that he bested him physically. The BBC explained why there was no on-air apology, saying: "What Alan Pardew said was misheard, it was thought he used the word 'rakes.'".
 * On the opening day of the 2012–13 Premier League season against Tottenham Hotspur, Pardew pushed an official after an incident in which the ball appeared to go over the touchline, but the referee deemed it to still be in play. Pardew later apologised, citing his behaviour as "ridiculous".
 * In January 2014, during the Premier League match against Manchester City, Pardew verbally abused opposition manager Manuel Pellegrini. Pellegrini initially confronted Pardew on the touchline and accused Pardew of frivolously contesting every decision by the referee and was trying to dishonestly deceive the officials even when it was an obvious decision in City's favour. After the initial skirmish, Pardew was caught on Sky Sports television cameras calling Pellegrini "a fucking old cunt". Pardew later apologised only after being confronted by journalists about his abusive language. Pellegrini shrugged off the incident but said he disagreed with Pardew's approach to contesting every decision by the referee.
 * In March 2014, Pardew was sent to the stands after headbutting Hull City player David Meyler. The ball went out of play near Pardew and Meyler pushed past him to quickly resume play, at which point Pardew headbutted Meyler. Although Pardew apologised for his actions, he was fined £100,000 by Newcastle United and given a formal warning. On 11 March, the FA handed Pardew a three-game stadium ban with a touchline ban for a further four games. He was also fined £60,000 by the FA, in addition to the £100,000 fine from Newcastle United.

Personal life
Pardew is married to a Swedish woman, Tina. The couple have two daughters.

Player
Source:

Player
Crystal Palace
 * Football League Second Division play-offs: 1989
 * Full Members' Cup: 1990–91
 * FA Cup runner-up: 1989–90

Manager
Reading
 * Football League Second Division runner-up: 2001–02

West Ham United
 * Football League Championship play-offs: 2005
 * FA Cup runner-up: 2005–06

Southampton
 * Football League Trophy: 2009–10

Crystal Palace
 * FA Cup runner-up: 2015–16

CSKA Sofia
 * Bulgarian Cup runner-up: 2021–22

Individual
 * Premier League Manager of the Season: 2011–12
 * LMA Manager of the Year: 2011–12
 * Premier League Manager of the Month: February 2006, November 2013, November 2014

title: Alan Pardew


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Nu da șpagă

Nu da şpagă ("Don't Bribe" in Romanian) is a national anti-corruption campaign launched in Romania in 2004 to deal with the problem of corruption in that country. The campaign is co-ordinated by Transparency International with the support of the European Union, which Romania joined in 2007. Corruption has been a problem in Romania since Communist times, but the situation has recently improved.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nu da șpagă


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Vasundhara Raje

Vasundhara Raje Scindia (born 8 March 1953) is an Indian politician, who has held two terms as the chief minister of Rajasthan. She was previously a minister in the Union Cabinet of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and was India's first Minister of Small Scale Industries and Agro and Rural Industries, which now known as Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. In 2003, she became the first woman to serve as the Chief Minister for the state of Rajasthan. She is currently one of the national vice presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). A member of the Scindia family, she is also the matriarch of the Bamraulia family of Dholpur.

Early life
Vasundhara Raje singh was born on 8 March 1953 in Bombay (now Mumbai). She is the daughter of Vijayaraje Scindia-Shinde and Jivajirao Scindia-Shinde, Maharaja of Gwalior, members of the prominent Scindia royal Maratha family.

Raje completed her school education at Presentation Convent School in Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, and later graduated with economics and political science degrees from the Sophia College for Women, Mumbai.

Personal life
She married Maharaj Rana Hemant Singh, of the royal Dholpur family, on 17 November 1972, but they separated a year later. Her son, Dushyant Singh, was elected to the Lok Sabha from her former constituency, Jhalawar. Her siblings are Yashodhara Raje Scindia, a former industries minister of Madhya Pradesh, the late Madhavrao Scindia, the late Padmavati Raje "Akkasaheb" Burman (1942–64), who married Kirit Deb Burman, the last ruling Maharaja of Tripura, and Usha Raje Rana (b. 1943) who married into the Rana family of Nepal.

Children
She has one son Dushyant Singh, who is a four-time member of Parliament through Loksabha and the Yuvraj of Dholpur.

Political career
In 1984, Raje entered the Indian political system. Initially, she was made a member of the national executive of the newly formed Bharatiya Janata Party. She was also elected as a member of the 8th Rajasthan Assembly from Dholpur. In the same year, she was appointed vice president of the Yuva Morcha, Rajasthan BJP.

Member of legislative assembly

 * 1985-90 member, 8th Rajasthan legislative assembly from Dholpur.
 * 2003-08 member, 12th Rajasthan legislative assembly from Jhalrapatan
 * 2008–13, 13th Rajasthan legislative assembly from Jhalrapatan
 * 2013–18, member, 14th Rajasthan legislative assembly from Jhalrapatan
 * 2018–23, member, 15th Rajasthan legislative assembly from Jhalrapatan
 * 2023-28, member,16th Rajasthan legislative assembly from Jhalrapatan

Member of parliament

 * 1989-91: member, 9th Lok Sabha, from Jhalawar.
 * 1991-96: member, 10th Lok Sabha
 * 1996-98: member, 11th Lok Sabha
 * 1998-99: member, 12th Lok Sabha
 * 1999-2003: member, 13th Lok Sabha

Positions held

 * 1985-87: vice-president, Yuva Morcha BJP, Rajasthan
 * 1987: vice-president, BJP, Rajasthan
 * 1990-91: member, Library Committee, member, Consultative Committee, Ministries of Commerce and Tourism
 * 1991-96: member, Consultative Committees, Ministries of Power, Science and Technology, Environment and Tourism
 * 1996-97: member, Committee on Science and Technology, Environment and Forests, Member, Consultative Committees, Ministries of Power, Science and Technology and Tourism
 * 1997-1998: joint secretary, BJP Parliamentary Party
 * 1998-99: Union minister of state, External Affairs
 * 13 October 1999 – 31 August 2001: Union minister of state (Independent Charge), Small Scale Industries and Agro & Rural Industries; Department of Personnel and Training; Department of Pensions and Pensioners' Welfare in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Space
 * 1 September 2001 – 1 November 2001: Union minister of state, Small Scale Industries; Personnel, Training, Pensions, Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances; Department of Atomic Energy; and Department of Space (Independent charge)
 * 2 November 2001- 8 December 2003: Union minister of state, Small Scale Industries; Personnel, Training, Pensions, Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances; Planning; Department of Atomic Energy; and Department of Space (Independent Charge)
 * 14 Nov 2002-14 Dec 2003 : president, BJP, Rajasthan
 * 8 December 2003 – 8 December 2008: chief minister, Rajasthan
 * 2 January 2009 – 8 December 2013: leader of opposition, Rajasthan legislative assembly
 * 8 December 2013 – 11 December 2018: chief minister, Rajasthan
 * 11 January 2019: national vice president of Bharatiya Janata Party

Works

 * Vasundhara Raje, Rajasthan Gaurav Yatra
 * Vasundhara Raje, Bhamashah Yojana
 * Satyam Kumar and Vasundhara Raje, iStart Rajasthan
 * Vasundhara Raje, Jal Swavlamban
 * See More Schemes of Vasundhara Raje

Achievements
In 2007, she received the "Women Together Award" from the UNO for services rendered towards the self-empowerment of women.

In 2018, she received the 'Best Chief Minister of the Year' Award at the 52nd Skoch Summit.

Book
A book on the life of Vasundhara Raje named Vasundhara Raje aur Vikasit Rajasthan was written by the historian Vijay Nahar and published by Prabhat Prakashan.

title: Vasundhara Raje


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Vagabond (1985 film)

Vagabond (Sans toit ni loi, "with neither shelter nor law") is a 1985 French drama film directed by Agnès Varda, featuring Sandrine Bonnaire. It tells the story of a young woman, a vagabond, who wanders through the Languedoc-Roussillon wine country one winter. The film premiered at the 42nd Venice International Film Festival, where it won the Golden Lion. Vagabond was nominated for four César Awards, with Bonnaire winning Best Actress. The film was the 36th highest-grossing film of the year with a total of 1,080,143 admissions in France.

Plot
The film begins with the contorted body of a young woman lying in a ditch, covered in frost. From this image, an unseen interviewer (Varda) puts the camera on the last men to see her and the one who found her. The action then flashes back to the woman, Mona, walking along the roadside, hiding from the police and trying to get a ride. Along her journey she takes up with other vagabonds as well as a Tunisian vineyard worker, a family of goat farmers, an agronomy professor, and a maid who envies what she perceives to be Mona's beautiful and passionate lifestyle. Mona explains to one of her temporary companions that at one time she was a secretary in Paris but became unsettled with the way she was living, choosing instead to wander the country, free from any responsibility. Her condition worsens until she finally falls where we first encounter herin a ditch, frozen to death.

Cast

 * Sandrine Bonnaire as Mona Bergeron
 * Macha Méril as Mme Landier
 * Yolande Moreau as Yolande
 * Stéphane Freiss as Jean-Pierre
 * Setti Ramdane as Assoun
 * Francis Balchère as Police
 * Jean-Louis Perletti as Police
 * Urbain Causse as Farmer
 * Christophe Alcazar as Farmer
 * Joël Fosse as Paulo
 * Patrick Schmit as Truck Driver
 * Daniel Bos as Demolition Worker
 * Katy Champaud as Girl at the Pump
 * Raymond Roulle as Old Man with Matches
 * Henri Fridlani as The Gravedigger
 * Patrick Sokol as Young Man with Sandwich
 * Pierre Imbert as Mechanic

Critical reception
The film was acclaimed by critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 100% of 23 critics gave the film a positive review, for an average rating of 8.8/10.

Style
Vagabond combines straightforward narrative scenes, in which we see Mona living her life, with pseudo-documentary sequences in which people who knew Mona turn to the camera and say what they remember about her. Significant events are sometimes left unshown, so that the viewer must piece information together to gain a full picture.

It was filmed in the departments of Gard, Hérault and Bouches-du-Rhône.

The title
The original French title, Sans toit ni loi (With neither Shelter nor Law), is a play on a common French idiom, "sans foi ni loi", meaning "with neither faith nor law". It also puns on sans toi ("without you").

title: Vagabond (1985 film)


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Talk:EastLink (Melbourne)

Some Problems

 * The tollway vs tolled freeway argument must be finalised, it appears there are no more arguments against the use of the term tollway.
 * Where has the information regarding naming history of this tollway gone?
 * On a retrospective note, why are so many of us so passionate and motivated to take so many photos and invest so much time into a piece of non-sustainable private automobile infrastructure that will not outlive mass transit, while our native bushland reserves and parks, our rivers and creeks, our mountains, our bays and oceans and beaches, our world, gets a fraction of the attention we give to something as short term as the subject matter of this article? Nick carson (talk) 14:54, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

 * Tollway Vs. Freeway - Are we still going on about this? It is "finalised", until we get a decent reason to change "tolled freeway" to something else. So far, that hasn't happened. Here's why: Tollway just means tolled road - that's all (it says so in the Tollway article). It means money is charged, and nothing more. The term Tollway does not describe the physical characteristics of the road - and a road is a physical entitty after all! If you feel that is not the case, you will need to argue that over in the Tollway article, not here. Tolled Freeway is a much better description for Eastlink, because it tells you what standard it is built to, and that it is tolled road. --Commking (talk) 22:37, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

 * I have restored the "naming history" section that was mysteriously deleted... --Commking (talk) 23:10, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

All the issues must be addressed
I have taken the time to contribute information regaurding namming history and some environmental issues. I also added bits and pieces and edited out maybe 2 or 3 words. I do realise this article is written in a majorly not Neutral Point of View way, but that is the nature of the issue! If somone could take the real issues, and all of them, not editing things to make them appear as though they dont exist because most of them do, that would be much apreciated.

If anyone has any problems with any issues or anything AT ALL regaurding this article, please refer them to me so we can discuss them openly and sort out fact from fiction and get this article happening properly.

I'm not affraid to say that I can't write about this article in a non-NPOV way, but with some help and some major feedback, major referencing work, and sorting out every issue, we'll get this article written properly... Once it is I'll gaurd it with my life from vandalisation, certain issues surrounding this project need to be adressed correctly.

Thanks Nick carson 07:23, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Tolled freeway vs expressway vs tollway
"tolled freeway"? Isn't that an oxymoron? ozzmosis 06:12, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
 * SEITA are calling it an expressway... ozzmosis 07:53, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * "Tolled freeway" isn't an oxymoron, because a freeway doesn't refer to the cost of driving on it (otherwise the back street I live on is a freeway), but the absence of stops and the higher speed. Still, the normal way of referring to a "tolled freeway" in colloquial Melburnian speech is "tollway". (Note the CityLink article calls City Link a "tolled freeway", too.) —Felix the Cassowary 08:39, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, tollway sounds clearer. ozzmosis 09:45, 13 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Who says freeways have to be free? I thought the are freeways because they allow for the "free" flow of traffic? --Commking 20:50, 23 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes, that's my thinking too. But many people tend to read only the word "free" in something and assume it's free in every aspect! "Tollway" is not as ambiguous. --Evan C (Talk) 07:18, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I've always considered the "free" to mean both "not tolled" and "no stopping". YMMV ;-) --ozzmosis 07:20, 24 April 2006 (UTC)
 * It's like the "free dress days" you would have at school. You were free to wear (almost) anything you please, but most often you have to pay a donation. Ie; freedom, but not free. --Evan C (Talk) 07:56, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * At my school they were called "casual clothes days", never "free days"! :) --ozzmosis 08:00, 24 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I can see why! Semantics can just get so... confusing! --Evan C (Talk) 08:02, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * From the Wikipedia article, Freeway: A freeway (also superhighway, expressway or motorway as further explained below) is a multi-lane highway (road) designed for high-speed travel by large numbers of vehicles. Freeways have no traffic lights, stop signs, or other regulations requiring vehicles to stop for cross-traffic. Nothing there about a toll-free requirement? I still reckon this idea of a freeway having to be toll-free is a recent made up idea, and has no actual basis in anything real, and nobody has presented anything to show otherwise. The Westgate Freeway was always known as that, even when it had tolls. --Commking 10:05, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

--Commking 10:05, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * In my opinion, it is called the EastLink Tollway. Same with CityLink Tollway. In Melbourne, we don't use the words 'expressway' or 'motorway' or any of the words Sydney and America use. Lakeyboy 10:35, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Not true - We've do use some words the Americans use. We have used the term 'Freeway' for many, many years here in Melbourne. In fact, we have ONLY used the term Freeway, not Tollway. Expressway or any other similar term. As I pointed out earlier, we have already had a tolled freeway earlier in Melbourne's history (The Westgate), and it was still called a Freeway. You say it's called the EastLink Tollway - where exactly?  --Commking 10:54, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * To be honest, I have to agree with Commking. The Westgate Freeway has always been called that, and nowhere is EastLink being referred to (officially) as a "tollway". And yes, tollway is a term that's only been used recently - "expressway" is no less Melburnian than tollway. --Evan C (Talk) 11:30, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I seem to recall the only part of the Westgate that was tolled was the bridge itself, not the entire road. I could be wrong though. --ozzmosis 11:37, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I've just realised. It's not called an 'anything'way. It's just simply EastLink. Thats also what CityLink is called. Just The word. I guess the government doesn't want people to think the roads are really tollways hence, that's why Steve Bracks changed the name from Mitcham - Frankston Tollway to EastLink. And also, it was just the West Gate bridge that had tolls. The rest of the freeway was free. Lakeyboy 11:58, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's true, but it needs to be described as something. SEITA call it an expressway... And the West Gate example still stands - in the 'States people often call bridges with tolls "Tollbridges" - the West Gate was never called the "West Gate Tollbridge". --Evan C (Talk) 12:02, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I just had a look at the CityLink article and it describes it as a 'Tolled Freeway'. Maybe it should be the same for EastLink as well. Lakeyboy 12:07, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

EDIT: I didn't realise I was restating the above! But maybe it should be left just as that.

 * Well, as a) that's what I had waaaay back when I updated the article, and b) there's precedent, I think we ought to change it to that. --Evan C (Talk) 12:43, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * OK, I've done that now. In identical format to CityLink's reference. --Evan C (Talk) 12:56, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I think a lot of this talk from SEITA and Citylink and Eastlink is just marketing speak, and it doesn't actually change what the final product is. My local greengrocer can say he sells sustainable & eco-friendly nutrition solutions but at the end of the day he sells just plain vegies. --Commking 22:55, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

Different people call it different things, and companies are worse. My view is: I think I'll change it, and if anyone has any issues they can talk to me on my talk page or here on the discussion page rather than edit it back to tolled freeway. Nick carson 14:51, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Citylink and Eastlink are not tolled freeways because that is an oxymoron. A Freeway and a Tollway are seperate things (tollway being a freeWAY + TOLLS, thus tollway. tolled freeway is comparable to say; Melbourne Tunnel Bridge, its just stupid.
 * The West Gate Freeway was always a freeway, the only part that was tolled was the bridge, so therefore the term tollbridge would have probably been acceptable. The Gateway Bridge isnt called the gateway tollbridge because one day there won't be any tolls anymore, thats why the weat gate bridge was originally named west gate bridge, man I feel like I'm talking to primary school children.
 * There is no argument, tolled freeway is stupidity, its isnt even just wrong or incorrect, its just plain stupidity.

An external source states that: I also have compiled information on the definition of every type of road in Victoria. Nick carson 15:11, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Freeways - Those roads having full access control and grade seperated intersections, with the primary function of servicing high volume traffic movements. VicRoads is the responsible authority (in Victoria).
 * Tollways - Those roads having full access control and grade seperated intersections, with the primary function of servicing high volume traffic movements. A fee is payable on these roads.

 * Care to cite your external source? I can't find that text anywhere on the VicRoads site. This official interactive map deems all of CityLink as "freeway". This VicRoads page calls CityLink a "freeway tollway" (indicating that it is both). Another VicRoads page  calls the Exhibition St extension (Batman Avenue) a tollway. It's certainly not designed for a high volume of traffic, and has a few sets of lights, too.
 * For the basic definition, tolled freeway seems to me to be the most descriptive, unambiguous term we could use - it is not an oxymoron (which you even contradicted yourself on, by more or less stating (and quoting definitions that support) that tollways are a subset of freeways).
 * Is this a political thing? --Evan C (Talk) 06:27, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * My external source is the Melway (Greater Melbourne Street Directory). It combines all of the authorites, every local council/shire authority, they do they're own surveying and research which is backed up and updated by readers, it combines authorities such as VicRoads and works closely with Federal, State and Local Governments to obtain the required information. It is one of the best sources of information I've come across, ever. The declaration that CityLink is a freeway is misinformed. I agree that to someone who knows nothing about roads would find "tolled freeway" easier to understand, but I don't feel it warrants the misuse of information for simplicity. A Tollway is a Tollway, I've put links from tollway to "toll road" so if people are confused they will only be so for as long as it takes them to read about toll roads. Because there is no universal agreement it makes things complicated and sometimes confusing especially initially, but the fact remains that in Australia they are tollways, just as freeways are freeways. I believe my comparison was an apeal to ignorance but an accurate one none the less. Lets get it right from the start. Nick carson 12:10, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I agree that the Melway is an excellent source of information - in most cases, I find it to be the best. However, Melway's purpose is very different to ours. Terminology used by Melway needs to be brutally concise, instantly recognisable, and describe things as they are most practically - superficially, even. "Tollway" suits this. Conversely, we need to describe it in the fullest way possible, whilst remaining to-the-point. "Tolled freeway" suits this - and is not intrinsically incorrect (unless you'd like to prove otherwise).
 * Additionally, the Toll road article does not accurately describe the nature of EastLink (it hardly even discusses the nature of tolling on EastLink); the Freeway article is much more appropriate. Freeway even states that "Despite the name, a freeway can be a toll road.", and has a picture of CityLink in its gallery! Whilst it does say that "The word freeway is also used to describe a highway without tolls.", that is by no means an exclusive statement - far from it.
 * At any rate, the only official sources I have found that shed light on what we should call it are the Vicroads links I posted above - pretty convincing, I would've thought. --Evan C (Talk) 13:43, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

A tolled freeway is what it is. Nick, you have no consensus - as Evan points out, Melway is not an official source, nor an authority on what roads should be called. May I also point out that there is no Wikipedia article for Tollway - it is simply a term coined by the media. Please don't edit the article again with your personal opinions, without a consensus. Thanks. --Commking 03:50, 20 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I understand the point of the argument.

 * Consensus is suseptible to being incorrect, so it is not the be all and end all.
 * The Melways is as good a source as any, I'm not a melways advocate, it dosent take a degree to understand that the melways is the best source of compilled information concerning urban areas as far as transportation is concerned in Australia.
 * Tollway is not a term coined by the media. It is a combination of the words "freeway" and "toll" equalling "tollway". Terms such as Mitcham - Frankston Freeway are typical of those coined by the media.
 * There isn't a wikipedia article on me but that dosent mean I don't exist.
 * I won't edit the article again without consensus. It seems at least ozzmosis understands where I'm comming from.
 * Wikipedia is a chance to do things the right way from the beginning to eliminate confusion. Tolled Freeway is an oxymoron. Tollway is not. If "acceptible sources" or even relevant authorities don't do it the best way that dosent mean we have to follow suit, we should do things the right way. For example: SEITA calls the entire project an expressway. Must I reitterate further? Nick carson 12:51, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

 * An Oxymoron? I think your idea of what a Freeway is is wrong. It's not called that because it's free of tolls or charges - It's free because of the physical design and construction of the road, allowing "free" flow of traffic. No stops, no intersections, no traffic lights. If you put a toll on it, it's still a freeway, just a tolled freeway. See the Freeway article for more info --Commking 02:31, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

Eastlink uses the term motorway rather than freeway - "tolled motorway" is more appropriate. - "With 39km of motorway, by-passing at least 45 traffic lights, EastLink will create new opportunities for saving time. Use EastLink, and your time will be better spent." from http://www.eastlink.com.au/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.105.54.161 (talk) 09:15, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

 * In Victoria, nobody calls a road a "motorway" - it's a freeway. Maybe Eastlink have a kiwi or someone from Sydney writing their marketing material. Motorway, Expressway, Freeway are all accepted terms in common use that describe the same physical type of road - but they are known as "Freeways" in Victoria. I also note that the article is full of references to the other Freeways Eastlink connects to - not motorways. Best to keep the article consistent for easier reading and to avoid potential confusion, using a term that is locally relevant, in addition to be recognised worldwide. --Commking (talk) 18:13, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

The "term" motorway has come into use in other Australian cities in more recent years, where once "freeway" was the standard, particularly for toll roads. It is also the basis for the route numbering of freeway-grade roads in Victoria, e.g. M1, M3 NOT F1, F3. Noting these changes in usage in Australia, if it is being referred to as a "motorway" on its own website then surely that is the term that should be used here, even if other roads (e.g. Monash Freeway, Eastern Freeway) use a different name for essentially the same thing. 220.238.210.208 (talk) 22:20, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Regardless of what happens in other states, the road is in Victoria. Regardless of what Eastlink call it, it is a freeway standard road according to the Wikipedia definition of a freeway. Please take a look at this article and see what I mean. And in Victoria, it's a freeway; not an expressway, not a motorway, not a superhighway, not an autobahn - Freeway is the accepted and common term used in the state of Victoria for this type of road. Let's not allow marketing to become a benchmark? Should we also say that Telstra's NextG network is not a mobile phone network, but a "NextG" network? If you can explain how a motorway is somehow a different or a better term than freeway; or a more proper name somehow, please go ahead. If you believe freeway is not a proper term, perhaps you can take it up in the freeway article? --Commking (talk) 02:27, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Equally it would fit the definition of a motorway and if that is what ConnectEast calls it then so should we - this is quite different to the Telstra example as motorway is a widely used term. As for comprehension by Victorians, there should be no problem as motorway is widely used around the world and is used often enough in Victoria as a generic term to include Freeways, Tollways etc., especially since the introduction of the "M" designation. Freeway was at one point the generic term across Australia and thus at some point in the other states the term motorway must have been introduced for certain roads (notably toll roads) - they have coped with having more than one term for essentially the same thing and undoubtedly Victorians will as well. If it's called a motorway, and as long as it fits a motorway's technical description, we should call it a motorway. Mastronarde (talk) 03:10, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * First off, edit wars are not how things are done here on Wikipedia. If there is a disagreement, we resolve it here first. Tolled freeway is what has been agreed here in the past - so if you want to challenge that, that's fine, you are welcome, but you need to get it resolved here first, THEN it gets changed. Next, the term motorway is not in common use at all in Victoria - it just isn't - they are called freeways there. Eastlink's marketing department isn't the authority here. What happens in other states and countries around the world is also not relevant. Even if it was, why Motorway, and not Autobahn, Interstate or Expressway, Autostrada or Turnpike? Obviously, different locales have their own terms in use - just like Victoria. There is no central authority for the universe to decide that one particular term is the "correct" one. Check the freeway article, and you will find Eastlink meets that criteria. I think the best result here is that the article reflect the fact that Eastlink refer to their road as a Motorway - or more accurately, most of their web site refers to it as just plain Eastlink. Motorway hardly gets a mention there at all.... --Commking (talk) 10:17, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Motorway seems most appropriate, even if it is the less common term in Victoria. The term is certainly not unknown in Victoria and if Connect East says it's a motorway then Wikipedia should refer to it in this manner - it certainly fits the description of a motorway. Vox latina (talk) 13:01, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * In my opinion, I think we should make sure that the article is consistant. If you have a look at CityLink, it has been written out as "Tolled Freeways" and in that case, this article should follow the same manner, I think we should leave it as it is at the moment of "Tolled Freeway". Another reasoning is that in Victoria, we don't have any road specifically called "Motorway", they are all either highways or freeways. If Eastlink was in Sydney, then yes, I would have no problem with it being called a Tolled Motorway, as Sydney have freeways which are free, then freeways that are technically called motorways, which are tolled. If here in Melbourne we had roads eg. Monash Motorway, then yes, it should be "Tolled Motorway". Mal1988 (talk) 13:15, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Connect East calls it a motorway, SEITA calls it an expressway and Thiess John Holland calls it a bypass and a motorway. Encyclopedias don't follow misinformity. The Eastern Ring Road is a Tollway.

124.190.198.64 (talk) 03:17, 12 April 2008 (UTC)
 * It is the use of the term 'tolled freeway' in both the Citylink and Eastlink articles that is being discussed here.
 * The term 'Tolled freeway' is an accurate but inapropriate term as another term already exists in 'Tollway'.
 * The term 'Tollway' is accepted by Vicroads, the Melways street directory and wikipeida (see: Tollway)
 * I would like to hear some valid reasons from wikipedia editors as to why the use of the term 'Tollway' is aparently inappropriate for an article about a tollway.
 * The last comment has not been replied to since it was posted in early April, it's now late September, if we have established that there are no arguments against the use of the term tollway then it should be changed within the Citylink and Eastlink articles and tolled freeway removed. Nick carson (talk) 15:03, 20 September 2008 (UTC)

Controversies
Non-NPOV shifted here for reference restoring article's neutrality:

 * The freeway was previously planned to operate without tolls, and half of the construction costs was to come from the Federal Government. In fact, one of Steve Bracks' election promises during the 2002 state election was that the road will remain toll-free. However, disputes between the State and Federal Governments in 2003 over funding issues saw the Federal Government withdraw from funding the project. Unwilling (or unable) to fund the whole road by itself, the State Government announced that a toll will be imposed on the road when it opens, though it is widely believed that a very substantial proportion of the road will still need to be funded by state taxpayers.
 * Previous 1999 work by the Department of Infrastructure estimated that 55 per cent of motorists would use local roads such as Stud and Springvale Road in preference to a Tollway.
 * The cost of the project has risen from $880 million to $2.6 billion, and it is believed it will climb further. The offer from the Federal Government increased during the 2004 election campaign from $441m to $565m, approximately 1/5th the estimated project cost.
 * Some view the construction of the freeway as unnecessary, arguing that public transport in the area should be improved instead. The 1998 Environmental Effects Statement found that a 2% increase in public transport patronage would deliver equivalent benefits to traffic to those caused by the Scoresby Freeway. But once this became apparent, road bureaucrats overseeing the study dropped the "public transport upgrade" option from the study to prevent it "winning".
 * Some see the construction of the freeway as a not-so-secret agenda by VicRoads to complete the Melbourne Ring Road. Signs on existing major roads still refer to the project as "Eastern Ring Road (Scoresby Section)"
 * The only remaining section of the Ring Road left to be constructed would be the most environmentally damaging section, through the extremely sensitive Yarra Flats, between the Eastern Freeway and the Northern Ring Road, either via Eltham or Heidelberg. The standard tactic in such situations is to build a less controversial freeway that funnels massive amounts of traffic onto local roads, then watch the traffic chaos and wait for the locals to beg them for a freeway around their suburb.  The tactic worked well in East Malvern, and numerous other controversial locations around Melbourne.
 * Justice Gray of the Federal Court accepted an argument along those lines in a recent court case.

Glad you removed it - its a bunch of very left-wing assertions - similar sort of people run the local council in Richmond that refuses to widen roads to ease bottlenecks - and no i don't live in Richmond i just hate left wing kooks. PMA
 * No, its a bunch of things that have happened. It was an election promise, and the promise was broken. The cost of the project has risen by that much. Of course it is being built to complete the entire ring road, that is not an "agenda" however, it is somthing that needs to be done unless we pass a law banning all automobiles. I cannot comment on the public transport issues as I cannot confirm they are true or not, nor can I comment on the connection of the eastern ring road to the northern ring road... This has not been proposed on paper, only in theory, and I know that if one day they were to connect the two, the majority of it would be a tunnel, and it would pass through and/or under Eltham/Greensborough area. Nick carson 06:29, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

 * These controversial points have a place in the article. But not without some references and citiations. --Commking 22:21, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

Isn't the Mitcham-Frankston Freeway now called EastLink, at least by Premier Bracks? -EuropracBHIT 02:25, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC).
 * Yes, EastLink is now its commercial name, although its correct name is the Eastern Ring Road. Although now that its not a freeway anymore and its a tollway, i suppose EastLink might be its correct name afterall. Who voted for Labor anyway??? Victorians kill me somtimes with their stupidity. Nick carson 06:29, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

I disagree with the removal of the controversies - this article needs its controversies replaced in order to be factual. While actual views don't need to be expressed, the controversy itself is real, a reportable historical component of the road's development, yet not mentioned once in the article. The result to a casual reader like myself is that the article does not seem to reciprocate well with other Victorian articles such as Steve Bracks. That said, other facts about its benefit would also be useful, such as estimated travel times - passerby Adam 22:47, 9 Jun 2005

The first paragraph in the Controversies section is not NPOV and needs revision.
 * More detail is needed on the reasons that the State Government gave for tolling the road. The reason the road is tolled is the Government had to choose between not building the road at all (due to a lack of funds), going into debt to build the road without tolls, or building a toll road. All these required the breaking of an election promise, so the Government chose to build the road without tolls.
 * Saying "much anger" is strongly POV, as is the assertion that everyone in Melbourne is angry about it. This is not the case. Such claims need references or should be removed, and opposing points of view must be stated.
 * There's no similar Controversises section in the CityLink article. CityLink also had its share of controversial issues, such as the inclusion of publicly-funded road sections in the tollway (Monash, Tullamarine), and the closure or narrowing of sections of road designed to funnel traffic onto the tollway.
 * No mention is made on allegations of astroturfing being done in relation to this issue. On many occasions prominent Opposition politicians have been seen at anti-toll rallies. Was this all above-board or were some of the rallies organised by the Liberal party as some have alleged? --B.d.mills 05:56, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I've changed the first paragraph to be more neutral and less POV, although I think "much anger" is not inaccurate as such. It is true there is no Controversises section in CityLink, but I reckon it could definitely use one, or do you mean the EastLink one should be removed? Not sure what you mean by Astroturfing, if you are referring to the Libs and some councils milking the issue for all it is worth, you are correct. It is particularly ironic considering the Libs have said they would also toll the road, while objecting to the Bracks govt. toll at the same time. I'd prefer the article didn't get too political, so not sure how to introduce that without thinking about it... --Commking 06:52, 8 August 2006 (UTC)
 * See Astroturfing for a definition. Astroturfing is likely to be going on here, because it is unusual for activism over a broken electoral promise to continue for so long. It's not as if people are going to be forced to use the road, after all.

 * We should explore in more depth the political reasons behind the Liberal federal government withdrawing funding from this project run by a state Labor government. Would this have happened had the Victorian state government been a Liberal government? Unlikely. It's the workings of party politics in action. I think the best way to examine this issue would be to mention that the Victorian state government is Labor, the Federal government is Liberal, and that attaching (possibly ex post facto) conditions to Federal road funding and the subsequent withdrawal of such funding is unusual. Then people can draw their own conclusions.

 * Controversies in both articles should be given similar treatment because to do otherwise is partisan and therefore POV. The CityLink article should have a Controversies section added. The decision to charge a toll was considered controversial at the time, as were the road closures and the imposition of tolls on publicly-funded roads.
 * --B.d.mills 03:12, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I've added the Controversies section to citylink. --Commking 12:07, 16 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Fan-bloody-tastic! :) It should be noted that history is written by the winners. This does not have to be the case here. Its a great chance to write an article that is factual and includes all information regaurding the subject, not just the info that everyone remembers a few years afterwards. This I think happened to Citylink, there was so much crap going on that many people have forgotten about simply because its old news and all we see today are the tolls and the new roads, tunnels and bridges, so thats all we seem to remember. No matter how menial you think something is, share it in the discussion here (thats what this place is for) and if we can satisfy wikipedia policy, we can actually include some of the facts in the article itself! Wow! Nick carson 14:36, 2 November 2006 (UTC)

Image requested
Beceause this article could really do with an image, I have emailled SEITA and ConnectEast requesting that one or two be released for Wikipedia. Will add any responses I receive here. --Evan C (Talk) 11:55, 11 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I could help out seeing as I live only a few hundred metres from Eastlink. I could take some pictures of current construction and post it up here but I think it's the best we are going to get. Also, if someone can make a simple route map that would be useful for the article. I'm good at manipulating maps but not creating them so any map I upload would probably be against the law! :) Lakeyboy 10:35, 25 April 2006 (UTC)

Other comments
Oh, please. This isn't exactly NPOV writing! - Ta bu shi da yu 11:42, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * It's not pretending to... that's why it's still a stub; please contribute to the article, especially on the freeway's advantages. --spacehunt 04:41, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Environmental issues
The whole 'environmental issues' section needs to be sourced. it is written as if it is fact whereas it is a point of view. Many anti-roads academics would argue that the induced traffic phenomenon will lead to more vehicles using the road without any environmental gains. If anybody is interested in presenting both sides to the argument and writing a NPOV article then you may want look up some of the work done by Dr Paul Mees of Melbourne University on the issue. There is quite a bit online if you google Paul Mees and Scoresby, EastLink or related words. In the meantime, would it be appropriate to add one of these tags to the section to indicate that it provides only one point of view and is unreferenced? -- Adz|talk 06:59, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * If I may say so, Paul Mees should not be listened to about anything :) --Evan C (Talk) 11:58, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Rewrote it - hopefully it's OK now. It's more concise, too. I'll reference it when I have some more time (there are a number of news links on the SEITA website for it, and I remember reading a few articles of note, too). --Evan C (Talk) 12:18, 23 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Taht looks better. Thanks. I've removed the tag. If you wanted to put the second paragraph first and the first paragraph lower down that would be fine too. -- Adz|talk 05:53, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

I find this paragraph: "The option chosen - for two long tunnels - was the most expensive, but most environmentally friendly." is misleading. option 3 was the most expensive option (short term costs only), with the longest tunnel length, but I believe option 2 was chosen   instead. The environmental impact on the freeway to the Mullum Valley has still been significant (sorry no references yet). --Brian May 04:44, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * How's it now? It's interesting, though - I only ever read on the VicRoads website of three options - the surface, the short tunnels, and the long tunnels (which they claimed to be the chosen option). Funny how those details get left out, eh? --Evan C (Talk) 05:27, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
 * That looks better, Thanks. --Brian May 01:32, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

Suggestion for removal of this paragraph which can be found in the Environmental Issues section of this article:
 * However, this positive effect could well be negated in the long run by additional traffic being encouraged onto the roads by the reduced travel times.
 * Reason: The more cars that are travelling at higher more efficient speeds reduces the ammount of cars travelling at lower inefficient speeds. The only negative effect is one that exists with or without the tollway; as the number of cars existing increases, so does the release of damaging gasses such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The positive effect will not be negated just because people forego public transport because they can get there quicker on the new eastern ring road. It may have a small affect but not enough to negate the positive efficency of cars opperating at the speeds seen on this new tollway. Please Note: If I had my way there'd be no cars, but you can't ignore the fact that cars travelling at higher speeds opperate more efficiently. Nick carson 13:06, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Cars are going to be driving faster? Like they were supposed to on Citylink you mean? Why do you think that this will be the first freeway in the history of the world not to suffer from congestion, and that traffic will always be going fast? The truth is freeways attract traffic, or even generate traffic, and the speed benefits are going to be shortlived, just like Citylink. --Commking 23:45, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

 * If they move at all, it'll be an improvement on the existing situation. --Evan C (Talk) 10:54, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

 * It will be an improvement of course - a big one - but not a fix. It will bog down eventually, and in the morning peak it will do so from day one. Making driving easier and more attractive just encourages more cars on to the road - everyone wants the other guy to use public transport, not themselves. What we need is a rail line out to Rowville, Doncaster, Wantirna.. dream on! --Commking 21:53, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

 * While I admit that I would rather a rail line built to serve the Knox area, there is no doubt that it will help improve traffic flow in the eastern suburbs. The only downsides is it's just going to get more congested at the end of the Frankston Freeway (which is why they need to construct the Frankston Bypass) and at the end of the Eastern Freeway (which is also why they need to construct a tunnel to the Tulla Freeway. If you have ever travelled down Stud Road or Springvale Road (Like I have countless times during my life), Stud Road is hell during peak hours. With the 3 lane, 2 Lane, 3 lane etc situation not helping either. Springvale Road is chaotic 24/7. Major Intersections, 2 very busy level crossings and over 100 traffic lights from Edithvale to Donvale. Now don't tell me that these roads are still going to be hell when EastLink opens. --Lakeyboy 11:02, 31 March 2007 (UTC)

 * When Citylink went in, Dandenong Road got better but was no means a dream run. Now, it's almost at pre-SE Eastern Fwy levels. I suspect the same will happen to Stud Road - It'll be nice for a while, and it will fill up again slowly... --Commking 02:42, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Train line closed
Connex did try to warn commuters about the train line being closed - via signs posted at all stations, radio annoucements, and an annoucenment on their website. However, the warning was not carried accross to the Metlink website, and no information was provided via the SMS service. In the notification (which no longer appears to be available), from memory, they the trip was expected to take up to 30 minutes longer (which was wrong - I was delayed closer to 1 hour 45 minutes). I don't know what time these warnings were posted; I heard the radio announcement at about 7:35am. As such, as much as I don't like Connex, I think it is unfair to say "the line was closed for the morning with no effort to alert commuters of the closure", so I changed it. --Brian May 23:39, 5 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Concur. Also, it's my understanding that at least some people were notified via SMS of delays (either  anticipated or current), but I don't know about the timing of the events. --ozzmosis 03:03, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

 * That whole section is really rather non-NPOV in its wording. I'll clean it up when I get a chance, with refs. --Evan C (Talk) 05:37, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Tollway vs. Freeway
If the eastlink is a free way then why when you travel on citylink you notice the signs change from "freeway" to "tollway". This is to advise you that you are entering the tollway section of that road. Therefore Eastlink as it is tolled the whole way is NOT a Freeway it is a Tollway. Have the public relation officers at Eastlink been editing wiki??? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by JDAY83 (talk • contribs) 00:24, 2 April 2007 (UTC).

 * You seem to be under the impression that a freeway has to be free of charge. This is not the case, see the Freeway article for the correct definition of what a Freeway is. The road is a freeway because of it meets freeway standards - no intersections, no traffic lights etc.. It allows the FREE flow of traffic. Just because it is tolled, does not change this - it simply makes it a tolled freeway. A tollway just means it has tolls, and so describing Eastlink as a tolled freeway is a more accurate description. Citylink can put a "tollway" sign on their road if they like, but it is still a freeway as it is of freeway standard - just one with tolls. --Commking 01:28, 2 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Freeway was the American term for a Free highway. They used terms like "turnpike" and "tollway" for tolled roads. There was a continous tradition of toll roads in the United States: they had been replaced in England, and had never existed in Australia. In Victoria, when the Bolte government introduced Freeways on the American model, they copied the term Freeway. In Victoria, there were, and had never been, any turnpikes or tollroads to form a contrast with the freeways, and the term was understood (in Victoria) to apply to the new highways build on the American Freeway model. (And to understand that difference, you have to appreciate that some highways were still unpaved). The English did not have any remaining turnpikes, but, like the Americans and the Australians, they had added a Motorway system to their existing Carrigeway system. In Victoria, when the second Cain goverment came in they renamed the Freeways as Motorways, using the English name. (Under Kerner, that government also renamed all the High Schools, mostly as "Secondary Colleges"). It would be false to read any functional difference into the road renaming, but it did, incidentally, allow subsequent goverements to extend the route numbering system over both Freeways and Turnpikes.
 * Now that Victoria has both Freeways and Turnpikes, and the route naming system uses the term Motorway to cover both, it makes sense to allow the term Freeway to revert to it's clear meaning, even though that meaning was it's original American meaning, not it's common Victorian meaning. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 120.148.53.46 (talk) 00:40, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

 * Victoria did have tollways. One, at least, was the Great Ocean Road. The Kirner government did not rename all the schools, just a lot of them. There are still several High Schools. When you're trying to make a point, getting your facts right is important. HiLo48 (talk) 01:37, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
 * The Great Ocean Road was a Tollway from 1932 to 1936. The "Several High Schools" that remained were 2: MacRobertsons and Melbourne High, which were unique in several respects, and in no way representative. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.206.162.148 (talk) 12:04, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

The seita and Eastlink websites make no mention of this road being a "tolled freeway", it is known on these websites as either a tollway or motorway, and the connecteast website describes it as a "freeway standard" tollway, also, the CityLink website and Transurban website refer to CityLink as either a motorway or tollway, no mention of it being a "tolled freeway", whats the difference between a freeway and motorway? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chrispain (talk • contribs) 21:15, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

 * Freeway and Motorway are pretty much the same type of road. In other places they are called Expressways, Autobahns, Turnpikes, Autostrada, Interstates, and I am sure there are more. Wikipedia does not seem to have a policy where one name is used to describe the same type of road for all roads the world over - I don't think Wikipedia should adopt one over all others, to describe these types of roads. Instead, articles on a particular road use the locally used term. In the state of Victoria, they are known as Freeways, ever since the construction of the first such road in the state. Citylink was a freeway before a toll was placed on it. The physical characteristics of the road didn't change - they just expanded it and put on a toll - it's still a freeway. Like Citylink, Eastlink also meets the description of a freeway in the freeway article, it also has a toll on it. Tollway just means it has a toll on it - it doesn't describe the physical characteristics of the road. The term "Tolled freeway" better and more accurately describes the road in this case. --Commking (talk) 06:16, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Several English dictionaries describe an Expressway (US) and a Motorway (UK) as a high speed divided highway for through traffic with partially or fully controlled access and grade seperated intersections. A Freeway is an Expressway that is toll free and a Tollway is an Expressway where a toll is collected. A Turnpike is a tolled Expressway where a tollgate or pike is lowered to stop traffic in order to pay the toll, this comes from the medievel English word that was used at the time when the Kings Pikemen were used to stop traffic on the Kings Highways to pay a toll to the King for using his roads. Turnpike is only used in the USA today and not in the UK because in the UK turnpikes were dismantled in the late 1800's as a way of competing against the rise of public transport, people would rather travel on trains than pay a toll on the roads. Are we in the State of Victoria using the wrong word to describe an Expressway/Motorway? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chrispain (talk • contribs) 11:52, 26 July 2008 (UTC)

Route number
It has been added to the article that the tollway will be signed M3 when it opens. Is there a source on this. When Victoria went through the route system changes, I rode down the Eastern Freeway before it opened and all signs were labelled with M3 on them but all got coverplated with 83 before the freeway opened. Was this the reason for it? What are others views on this. --Lakeyboy 09:37, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I've been wondering where that came from for a while - Google comes up a blank? I don't think it's very notable anyway - I've never heard anyone say "I have to gome on the M1" for example.. --Commking 09:46, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

I've gone through and removed all route numbers not shown in the current edition of Melway (Ed34/2007). Until an official/published source of some kind is found for each, I would ask that people refrain from adding them. --Evan C (Talk) 11:26, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

UPDATE I have now got confirmation that EastLink will indeed be signed M3. If anyone wants proof, go to the city bound onramp entry at Boronia Road and look under the material covering the sign. It says < M3 Ringwood |. Will make changes to the article now. --Lakeyboy 08:08, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Goodo - great to finally have an answer! When I get a new bike seat I'll be going along and thoroughly photographing the project, including this. --Evan C (Talk) 10:01, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

I've also just realised that this route numbering decision must have been part of a larger plan. As I said above, before the Eastern Freeway extension opened in late 1997, and I rode down the freeway on my bike to have a look and all the signs had M3 on them but got covered with 83 when the freeway opened (which you can tell by looking at any Eastern Freeway 83 sign with the 83 part stuck over the top of the M3 part). Now the plan has come full circle. Now the question is what will happen to the rest of route 83 east of Hoddle Street and if it will stay as is or will get a different route number. I personally doubt it. --Lakeyboy 06:08, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * It's certainly not of M route standard. Leaving it as-is seems most likely. --Evan C (Talk) 09:44, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

 * It could possibly become the A3 (from M3) if suburban Melbourne converts over to the alpha-numeric standard, at least until Nicholson St. Although having seen the former Hume Highway/Sydney Road became Metro 55 instead of A31 (or even A55) makes me wonder how long that will be: why bother re-signing a long stretch of road with a blue shield if your streets will be alpha'd anytime soon? --Lordstorm 01:06, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

It might not be long until a metro MABC conversion is upon us. Found this picture of a Canterbury kilometre distance sign near EastLink stating B34! Why it says B34 instead of B32 is beyond me. Must be a complete overhawl of the route numbering system. Pic here: http://members.optusnet.com.au/mainroadsvic/D/RD1%202008.jpg --Lakeyboy (talk) 11:05, 25 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Do your research! That photo is a fake. - Bricks J. Winzer (talk) 11:03, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

I did see the sign for real but it had 32 on it when I saw it. I just assumed they coverplated it. If it is photoshopped, they did a good job of it, but I knew something was fishy about it. --Lakeyboy (talk) 10:24, 27 February 2008 (UTC)

If suburban Melbourne converts to the alpha-numeric signs, I don't think the Eastern Hwy can become the A3, that would be for the Nepean Hwy, which is currently metro-3, Nepean Hwy would have to become the A3, just like the Princes Hwy (Dandenong Rd) would become the A1? How did Eastlink/Eastern fwy get M3, the original sign for eastern Fwy was F19 and Eastlink was F35. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chrispain (talk • contribs) 03:29, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

Estimated Completion
A friend of mine is a councillor for a council along the Eastlink route. He says Eastlink are telling them it'll be done in March 2008. And no, I can't provide references! --Commking 11:36, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm pretty sure I read that somewhere recently that we can reference. I'll see if I can dig it up. --Evan C (Talk) 03:29, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

"coined by media"
It says in the article that the media coined "mitcham to frankston freeway". I remember going to the official website for the freeway (before it was called Eastlink) and the website's URL was "www.mitchamfranksstonproject.com.au"... So yeah it makes no sense really. Jamesbehave 17:58, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The term was in use long before the website (now the SEITA website) was created.
 * That said, it's hard to verify such a claim, so it may need to go. --Evan C (Talk) 04:37, 7 October 2007 (UTC)

 * It was a name created by the govt as The Age (24 September 2002) reported the following:
 * "Announcing the review yesterday, Mr Batchelor said the combined project would have a single name, the Mitcham-Frankston Freeway. "
 * --Melb2000 (talk) 13:32, 24 October 2010 (UTC)

Limited access at the Tom Wills (Monash Freeway M1) interchange
I have added "limited access" to the Monash Freeway interchange because there is no access to the M1 eastbound (towards Dandenong) from the northbound carriageway of Eastlink. Mal1988 (talk) 09:57, 26 March 2008 (UTC)

Thompson/Thompsons Rd Interchange
If you have a look at the Melway, it actually states that between Patterson Lakes/Mornington Peninsula Fwy and Frankston-Dandenong Road, that it is Thompson Rd, without the "s". This is also where Eastlink's junction is between. The section after Dandenong-Frankston Rd is then named Thompsons Rd with the "s". Do not revert. Mal1988 (talk) 03:48, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

Map
Luke, can we have a map made of the route, showing its placement around greater Melbourne?

Thanks,

WikiDon (talk) 23:13, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I assume you are referring to me. I am in the process of making a map for this article, similar to the one on the Dingley Freeway article. Should be up soon. --Lakeyboy (talk) 12:46, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

 * May I recommend that the map be in SVG format? If you need help with saving it in SVG, just let me know. --Evan C (Talk) 11:53, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Well at the moment, I am creating it in Photoshop so it is in a PSD format with layers which is saved in PSD format, which means it is rastered. I then export it to the PNG format with the transparency. If you can convert that to SVG, that would be great but I'm not sure how difficult it would be to do so. --Lakeyboy (talk) 11:14, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Depending on how the lines are made in Photoshop, it might be a reasonably easy conversion using Illustrator. When you're done, send me an email (I'll PM you my email address on RP) with the PSD, and I'll give it a shot.
 * My main reason for suggestng SVG is that it's a Wikipedia preferred format for graphics. That, and I'm a vector nut ;) --Evan C (Talk) 14:31, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that Evan. I will send it over to you when it's complete. I'll try to send it tomorrow (6/4) but I may not get the chance. I'm going to see the pies! --Lakeyboy (talk) 04:56, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Naming History
What is the source for the 'Eastern Ring Road" name. I'm unconvinced this was the 'original' name for the project. 203.202.145.170 (talk) 04:00, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Don't know if there's a citable source for it, but there used to be signs at the sites of a few of the interchanges in the Wantirna-Rowville area stating something along the lines of "Site of Eastern Ring Road - Scoresby Section". A long time ago (pre-2003). --Evan C (Talk) 13:14, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

 * The only credible source that is available is pre 2005 editions of the Melway/UBD. They state that Eastlink was the proposed Eastern Ring Road - Scoresby Section. Mal1988 (talk) 11:18, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

Article layout
Now that EastLink is open for business, I think that it is the perfect time to organise the article and determine what needs to be included in the article and what gets left out. My inspiration for this is the only Featured Articles on roads on Wikipedia (Interstate 15 in Arizona, Interstate 355, Interstate 70 in Utah, New York State Route 28, New York State Route 32 and New York State Route 174).

This is my first draft of what I think the Table of Contents should look like. This is all coming off the top of my head so don't treat this as the final solution.

INTRODUCTION
 * Route Description
 * Donvale to Ringwood Basic description of the driving conditions including the tunnels and the Ringwood Interchange and Ringwood Bypass with link to main article of Ringwood Bypass.
 * Ringwood to Dandenong Basic description of driving conditions including points of interest such as the large golf ball net near Canterbury Road, the pedestrian footbridges and the first piece of art, the "Smarties" (Ellipsoidal Freeway Sculpture). Information about the Monash Freeway (Tom Wills) Interchange will also go here. Info will end with the three levels of road at the Princes Highway.
 * Dandenong to Carrum Downs Basic description of the driving conditions including the remaining three major pieces of art as well as a brief description of the Dandenong Bypass with a link to main article of Dingley Freeway. Could include mention of the media coined "Dandy Drag Strip" section (Princes Highway - Cheltenham Road)
 * History
 * Planning history (<2005) How the freeway first emerged in the Melway in the mid-sixties, the environmental and traffic effects, the merging of the Eastern Freeway extension with the project, the backflip on tolls by Labor and the bidding process.
 * Construction history (2005 - Mid 2008) Info about different construction techniques, the break up of construction into different regions, road diversions, speed limit drops, major milestone events (bridge beams lifted, tunnel breakthrough, construction delays (Lilydale rail line bridge delays), dandy bypass opening, naming of road features etc. etc.) the 2 major public open days
 * Operation history (Mid 2008 - ) Could include tolling information, safety systems of the road, effects on traffic patterns throughout eastern Melbourne, media attention and reactions, traffic levels pre-tolls (school holidays and no school holidays) and post-tolls
 * Associated features This section could include information about the EastLink Trail (this will have it's own main article, as per other Melbourne bike trails), the public artworks, upgrades to existing non-eastlink roads (Boronia Road, Ferntree Gully Road, Wellington Road etc), public transport improvements, wetlands and parklands etc.
 * List of interchanges The map of EastLink and the table of exits and major features along the road will go here.
 * References Resources used to support article information
 * External links references to official websites as well as relevent third party links.

What do you all think? What would add/remove/change. I wish to bring this article up to GA and set this article as the standard for Australian road articles on Wikipedia. --Lakeyboy (talk) 09:15, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

New images
I went out today to take some pics of EastLink and the EastLink Trail between Koomba Park and Springvale Road today. Pictures which I deem worthy of adding to the article will be placed here in a gallery. I have also added lat-long coordinates to the images shown below. --Lakeyboy (talk) 09:17, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

Traffic restrictions on public roads
There is an item under controversies that states that the State Government will be entitled to revenue from additional traffic onto Eastlink if public roads are restricted. This needs a reference to verify its validity or needs to be removed. I have not been able to verify this and suspect that it is an old rumour. GrahamP (talk) 22:36, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

Frankston Freeway congestion

 * Finally, many in the local area at the Southern end of EastLink argue that EastLink will in fact funnel much more traffic onto the Frankston Freeway...

There is a Herald Sun article today detailing increased traffic congestion on the Frankston Freeway due to Eastlink. Might be able to use it as a reference. --ozzmosis (talk) 10:10, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

Now dust has settled, the lead needs a cleanup
I've just looked at this article for the very first time. The first paragraph reads like a Liberal Party press release form 2004. I acknowledge the issue of tolling WAS a big political one during construction, but it has faded away these days. It certainly deserves a mention in the history and/or controversies sections, but it should not three quarters of the first paragraph. And while noting the extensive discussion above, I live in the eastern suburbs and use Eastlink several times a month and have heard heard or seen the term tolled freeway apart from in this article. It reads like one of those terms designed by committee. HiLo48 (talk) 08:35, 19 January 2010 (UTC)

 * It's been six months with no comment. I've removed the "controversy" bit from the lead. It's still well covered within the article. HiLo48 (talk) 00:02, 8 July 2010 (UTC)

EastLink has now been open for 4 years. The ownership structure has changed (ConnectEast is now a private company, not listed on the ASX), traffic has increased to 200,000 trips a day, more than 500,000 Breeze tags have been issued to customers, the first of two BP service stations has opened on EastLink operated by Melbourne company AA Holdings, the new un-tolled Peninsula Link freeway is due to open by early 2013, two new interchanges will open soon (Peninsula Link and Caribbean Gardens), EastLink is one of Victoria's safest freeways in terms of casual accident rates per 100Mkm, two major cycle events are held annually on EastLink (Hanover ConnectEast Ride for Home - the second biggest cycle event in Victoria; and the bike leg of Ironman Melbourne one of the most important Ironman events globally), EastLink sponsors a road safety program with Eastern Football League, Mornington Peninsula Football League and Dandenong Basketball, EastLink also sponsors Frankston Arts Centre and Football Fives at Knox Regional Sports Park.

Please contact Doug Spencer-Roy dsroy@connecteast.com.au for up to date information and photography to assist with updating this wiki entry (including photography of the cycle events), we are very happy to help. Dspencerroy (talk) 12:07, 27 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Your comment reads like an Eastlink press release, but you knew that already of course. It fails to recognise the functional problems caused by the privatisation of this particular road. Regarding the Liberal party, it had a long tradition of supporting private funding models and user-pays social benefits: it's opposition to this particular corporatisation indicates just how inept the proposal was.

 * Although the political issue of tolling has faded away, the functional issue remains, as was demonstrated recently by problems introducing bus lanes on Stud road. The Freeway was designed to reduce traffic on Stud and Springvale roads, allowing them to be used for bus lanes and local transit, and allowing the traffic lights to be re-timed, to allow faster East-West traffic to the growing outer-outer-eastern suburbs, and better north-south public transport in the existing outer-eastern suburbs. The functional issue is illustrated by the political issue: in particular, the Federal government funding was withdrawn, because, as a toll road, it would not fullfill these design goals, and did not have any reasonable funding justification. Continuing support for Rowville rail indicates that East-West road travel is still a problem. Failure to complete bus lanes indicates the North-South travel is still a problem. These problems could have been solved by a North-South Freeway.

 * Yes, Dspencerroy's post reads like a press release. Unfortunately, so does yours (whoever you are). Please stop it. Wikipedia is not a forum. We don't comment on what has happened. We just describe it. (And please remember to sign your posts.) HiLo48 (talk) 01:42, 8 January 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:EastLink (Melbourne)


text:
Schreier's lemma

In mathematics, Schreier's lemma is a theorem in group theory used in the Schreier–Sims algorithm and also for finding a presentation of a subgroup.

Statement
Suppose $$H$$ is a subgroup of $$G$$, which is finitely generated with generating set $$S$$, that is, $$G = \langle S\rangle$$.

Let $$R$$ be a right transversal of $$H$$ in $$G$$. In other words, $$R$$ is (the image of) a section of the quotient map $$G \to H\backslash G$$, where $$H\backslash G$$ denotes the set of right cosets of $$H$$ in $$G$$.

The definition is made given that $$g\in G$$, $$\overline{g}$$ is the chosen representative in the transversal $$R$$ of the coset $$Hg$$, that is,
 * $$g\in H\overline{g}.$$

Then $$H$$ is generated by the set
 * $$\{rs(\overline{rs})^{-1}|r\in R, s\in S\}.$$

Hence, in particular, Schreier's lemma implies that every subgroup of finite index of a finitely generated group is again finitely generated.

Example
The group Z3 = Z/3Z is cyclic. Via Cayley's theorem, Z3 is a subgroup of the symmetric group S3. Now,
 * $$\mathbb{Z}_3=\{ e, (1\ 2\ 3), (1\ 3\ 2) \}$$
 * $$S_3= \{ e, (1\ 2), (1\ 3), (2\ 3), (1\ 2\ 3), (1\ 3\ 2) \}$$

where $$e$$ is the identity permutation. Note S3 = $$\scriptstyle\langle$${ s1=(1 2), s2 = (1 2 3) }$$\scriptstyle\rangle$$.

Z3 has just two cosets, Z3 and S3 \ Z3, so we select the transversal { t1 = e, t2=(1 2) }, and we have
 * $$\begin{matrix}

t_1s_1 = (1\ 2),&\quad\text{so}\quad&\overline{t_1s_1} = (1\ 2)\\ t_1s_2 = (1\ 2\ 3) ,&\quad\text{so}\quad& \overline{t_1s_2} = e\\ t_2s_1 = e        ,&\quad\text{so}\quad& \overline{t_2s_1} = e\\ t_2s_2 = (2\ 3) ,&\quad\text{so}\quad& \overline{t_2s_2} = (1\ 2). \\ \end{matrix}$$

Finally,
 * $$t_1s_1\overline{t_1s_1}^{-1} = e$$
 * $$t_1s_2\overline{t_1s_2}^{-1} = (1\ 2\ 3)$$
 * $$t_2s_1\overline{t_2s_1}^{-1} = e $$
 * $$t_2s_2\overline{t_2s_2}^{-1} = (1\ 2\ 3).$$

Thus, by Schreier's subgroup lemma, { e, (1 2 3) } generates Z3, but having the identity in the generating set is redundant, so it can be removed to obtain another generating set for Z3, { (1 2 3) } (as expected).

title: Schreier's lemma


text:
Liz Findlay

Elisabeth Findlay is a New Zealand fashion designer. She co-founded the fashion house Zambesi with her husband, Neville Findlay, in 1979.

Career
Findlay was born in Athens, Greece. In 1951 the Red Cross relocated her family to Dunedin, New Zealand. Though her mother taught her and her sisters how to sew, she never received any formal training in fashion design. At 21 she moved to Auckland and got a job working at a clothing company. Through this experience she learned how to use industrial machines, and the production behind clothes.

In 1976, encouraged by her sister, Margi Robertson, she opened Tart boutique store in Parnell Auckland. She selected labels to sell based on her own taste and included New Zealand designers such as Marilyn Sainty. She sold only a few garments in the store of her own design. A second store, Cachet, was opened in Takapuna in 1978.

In 1979, her husband left his job as a design engineer and they formed their label Zambesi. That same year, they opened their first store at 31 Lorne Street in Auckland, followed by a second store in Queen's Arcade in 1981. By 1986, these two central Auckland stores were merged to create their flagship store on Vulcan Lane. This store remained open until 2012, at which time they shifted to Britomart.

The label first gained international acclaim in 1991 when they were first invited to show at Australia Fashion week in Sydney. This was the first year the New Zealand designers were invited to show at the Fashion week.

In the 2008 Queen's Birthday Honours, both Liz and Neville Findlay were appointed Officers of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to business and fashion.

Exhibitions
2005, Zambesi: Edge of Darkness Auckland Museum

title: Liz Findlay


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Hey Jude (album)

Nothing that can't go into the bottom of Hey Jude, although hopefully somebody can expand this sufficiently. Withdrawn because of improved version. Johnleemk | Talk 11:54, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep - could be expanded to include release date(s), track listing, sales figures, influences, album covers et al. - TB 14:26, Aug 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep expanded version. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 17:45, 2004 Aug 13 (UTC)
 * Definitely keep this page. We've already got entries for Let It Be and Let It Be (song), and also Imagine (album) and Imagine (song) - ChicXulub 23:59, Aug 13, 2004 (UTC)
 * The difference is that neither albums were American-only, and that both albums weren't near-substubs. The improved version is a keeper, though. Johnleemk | Talk 07:50, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd like to argue this for lack of encyclopedic content, but after a drawn out debate over Jealous Guy, I am not going into that again. I don't find it to encyclopedic, but until/unless there is a more compelling reason to delete, I vote keep. Skyler 01:39, Aug 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Ambi 02:31, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Neutrality 21:06, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep Lots of other articles on compilation albums. RedWolf 03:28, Aug 16, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Poly-Play

Poly-Play is an arcade cabinet developed in East Germany in 1985; it is the only such machine to originate in the GDR. It was created by VEB Polytechnik and contained a number of games, including a Pac-Man clone.

A total of about 2,000 units of the cabinet were manufactured.

Hardware
Poly-Play ran on a U880, a clone of the Zilog Z80 CPU, which was clocked at 2.457600 MHz and a custom sound chip. Its display ran at a resolution of 512*256 at 50 Hz and supported a palette of ten colours, though it could also use coloured overlays. The machine's coin slot was designed for 50 Pfennig, but it was flawed - the pressure sensor could be deceived by pressing a 1-Pfennig coin very sharply into the top of the slot. However, this was largely tolerated because the machine was not a capitalistic commercial venture, but a state-owned product found predominantly in FDGB holiday homes, youth hostels and non-profit clubs. The machine ran with a deactivated coin slot in many youth clubs. However, the free play often caused large crowds to form around it, which incited their reactivation.

A Poly-Play machine was on display in the Museum of Computing in Swindon, England in 2004. From 2005, the same machine was part of the touring video game show Game On and was exhibited in multiple museums, such as the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago and the Science Museum in London. Two machines can also be seen at RetroGames e.V. in Germany. It is also prominently on display at the Computerspielemuseum Berlin.

Games
The machine allowed to play the following games, chosen from a selection screen:

The eight aforementioned games were made available to be playable with the emulator MAME in 2000. Additionally, the names of four other games were found in the source code: Der Gärtner (The Gardener), Im Gewächshaus (In the Greenhouse), Hagelnde Wolken (Hailing Clouds, a Space Invaders clone) and Der Taucher (The Diver, a game where malicious fish attack a diver). All four games have been installed on at least some machines, the same goes for the games Im Irrgarten (In the Maze), Der Lindwurm (The Lindworm), Fly and AFU. Another game titled UFO is actually the original version of Hagelnde Wolken, but was edited due to being deemed too martial by the authorities.

title: Poly-Play