text:
User talk:Google placement

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text
 * IRC channel
 * Mailing lists
 * Current polls

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 23:53, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Google placement


text:
Nishikata, Tochigi

Nishikata (西方町) was a town located in Kamitsuga District, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,975 and a density of 217.97 persons per km2. The total area was 32.00 km2.

On October 1, 2011, Nishikata was merged into the expanded city of Tochigi. Kamitsuga District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nishikata, Tochigi


text:
Category talk:Propaganda

Proposal for major modification of this category
Someone added Michael Moore and two of his films to this category. I responded by adding Rush Limbaugh. The latter categorization was deleted. There followed a revert and counter-revert on Fahrenheit 9/11. This whole situation needs attention. Initial discussion occurred on Talk:Michael Moore, with some further comments at Talk:Fahrenheit 9/11 and Talk:Bowling for Columbine. I'm suggesting that all the discussion be consolidated here. I plan to add a Propaganda categorization to a few articles like The O'Reilly Factor to alert people sympathetic to conservatives that they should get involved here.

Identification of specific works as propaganda is inherently POV, because of the pejorative connotation of the term. Furthermore, the reversions and arguments we've seen so far about Moore will be only the beginning, as similar fruitless disputes will break out in many articles.

I propose the following: This category will be reserved for articles that are about propaganda or some aspect of it. Articles like Big Lie and Black propaganda would stay. Articles about specific works characterized as propaganda, or individuals listed here only because they created such works (including all the articles listed in the first paragraph of this comment), would be deleted from this category. JamesMLane 23:55, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * James, your proposal is absolutely the right way to go. We should not turn this category into the typical Moore/Franken vs. O'Reilly/Rush/Coulter battles we are so famous for. Folks, let's make sure to apply NPOV concepts to categorization instead of using it as a scarlet letter. We all know propoganda is a loaded term, so turning to the dictionary for a technical definition is not sufficient. The word evokes Goebbels, Big Brother, 1984 and the Red Scare. It is not a label to be applied loosely to anyone who has a strong opinion. Fuzheado | Talk 00:12, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Basically, ditto. Perhaps an exception could be made for commonly accepted historical propagandists or works of propaganda (e.g. Goebbels,Mein Kampf).  But even then we may have problems.  For example, was Tom Paine a propagandist?  I think he clearly was, but the label still has negative connotations people may resent applying to a national hero.Wolfman 00:27, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * It should really be an all or nothing category which should also include subcategories like Category:Propagandist, Category:Propaganda Films, Category:Propaganda Books, etc. Regardless of Michael Moore's fans, he will go down in history along side of Goebbels as a famous propagandist along with most of his works, the same can be said about Ann Coulter and others no matter where your ideology's fall. I don't feel the word propaganda is necessary negative, thats a matter of opinion and is the crux of this debate. So should this category and it's potential subs be banned from wiki or not? I don't think exceptions should be made. Wiki is not designed that way. Also adding more articles to this category to make a point is juvenile. --Buster 01:09, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * Categories also run the risk of clubbing readers over the head with simplistic, noncontextual interpretations. This is one such case. Wikipedia has always touted the ability to present the facts and let the readers decide. Instituting a category scheme above (with such a strong view of Moore and Coulter) is a bad idea because it goes against providing more knowledge about a subject. Fuzheado | Talk 01:33, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Not to make this personal, but your comparison of Moore to Goebbels is disingenuous and calls into question your credibility. To equate someone who was part of a dominant war machine and directly influenced the death of millions in Europe during WWII to someone who made a few op-ed films and is astounding. We're bordering on Godwin's Law area here. Fuzheado | Talk 01:36, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Buster is quite right that perceived negativity is the heart of the issue. That goes against NPOV and is bound to lead to endless categorization fights.  Is there a different word to use? A kindler, gentler word. A word with basically equivalent but neutral meaning?  That might solve the problem quite cleanly.Wolfman 01:39, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Your evaluation of my credibility is irrelevant, Goebbels was picked as a matter of convenience, don't blow it out of proportion. "one mans truth is another mans propaganda" --Buster 01:56, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * Credibility is relevant. Coulter/Moore are not in the same league as Goebbels. Fuzheado | Talk 02:18, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Your evaluation of my credibility is irrelevant to me. After your last two additions to this discussion, leads me to question your sanity. Are you suggesting that there be subcategory's for different levels or leagues of propagandist? --Buster 02:35, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * No, you'll see that I have suggested quite the opposite - to keep the category very narrow, small and strict rather than making it a blacklist. Also, please familiarize yourself with No_personal_attack. Fuzheado | Talk 05:31, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately restricting a category's width is not practical, it's still an all or nothing proposition. Also, please familiarize yourself with Civility it may help you from getting to the point where you feel the need to post links such as  No_personal_attack. --Buster 13:22, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

In answer to Wolfman's request for a "kinder, gentler" word, we could create a category like Polemics to include Michael Moore, Rush Limbaugh, Al Franken, Bill O'Reilly, Jim Hightower, Pat Buchanan, etc., and all their works. That word is definitely more neutral. Another alternative would be have a new article (not category), one that would amount to "List of people who try to influence public opinion and as a result have been called propagandists by someone or other" (whatever actual title it got). Would any of this benefit the reader? I don't see how. The narrow version of the Propaganda category, which I've suggested above, could be useful to a reader who wants to read about different aspects of propaganda and propaganda techniques. Beyond that, we're just venting, not informing. JamesMLane 06:44, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * James' suggestion might work if we included "Polemics" under "Propaganda". I'm still in favor of deleting the category, though. Works about propaganda is just not what I'd expect in a category called "Propaganda".  anthony (see warning) 14:09, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Regarding the larger POV category issue, please see Wikipedia talk:Categorization --Gary D 02:05, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Another case... VoA
Another problem case is Voice of America and Radio Marti. VoA has already been added to the category, but it's not that simple. VoA has redirected their mission substantially since the Cold War when it was broadcasting into Communist strongholds. While it is still funded by the US government, it does not have its editorial policy set by the government anymore. Radio Marti and Al Hurra (Disinfopedia ) could be plausibly called propaganda, but we then need to consider all other government sponsored broadcasters. Fuzheado | Talk 01:33, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The original purpose of the category was propaganda in the official sense (white or black). I listed VoA because that was their original purpose, even if it isn't now. Michael Moore wouldn't qualify because he's a political pamphleteer, just working in film. Rush Limbaugh wouldn't qualify either. It's the official sanction aspect that makes something propaganda.

 * (Of course, the word is also used for "corporate propaganda" and "cult propaganda".) - David Gerard 12:45, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * A suggestion made on Talk:Michael Moore was that it's propaganda if it "has one viewpoint," so that propaganda "is part of everyday life: advertising, news, religion." My response is that, if the category were to be retained and defined that broadly, then there would be a "Category:Propaganda" notation at the beginning of every article about a politician, every article about a religion or religious leader, every article about a business (if it advertises its products), and quite a few other articles that are getting pretty far removed from Goebbels and the like.  (For example, Dante had a viewpoint.)  When the reader goes to one of those articles, does the "Category:Propaganda" notation add to the information, or help locate usefully related articles?  When the reader goes to the Category:Propaganda page, is there any value to a list of a more than a thousand articles (my wild guess, but certainly lots and lots of articles), a list containing such vastly disparate elements?  Defined that way, the category would be completely useless and should be deleted.

 * I have a lot of sympathy for the view expressed here that "propaganda" applies only to what governments put out. That conforms more closely to my intuitive understanding of the term.  Still, is everything government does to influence opinion propaganda?  I'd have no problem calling the color-coded terror alerts in the U.S. propaganda, but I assume that other people would consider that to be just an anti-Bush POV. JamesMLane 04:22, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Taking into account the mentioned purpose of the propaganda category, I can see that it isn't intended to cover all propaganda. It is specifically targetted at propaganda used against an enemy.  In this use, enemy is a broad word.  Are we only referring to country against country?  How about a country's use of propaganda against possible rebels/freedom fighters?  Is it only limited to countries?  Can a single man (DW Griffith) produce a work of propaganda (Birth of a Nation) to sway the view of what he sees as the enemies (Northerners and Non-Whites) while praising his allies (the KKK)? I freely admit that I'm using a movie reference here because of the comment earlier that Michael Moore's movies cannot be classified as propaganda. Kainaw 13:29, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

The deletion discussion
By my count the vote was 15 to delete, 10 to keep. The misleading feature of that tally, though, is that the "keep" voters included people voting to keep different versions of the category and how to handle it. AndyL said "Keep and remove contested topics." Similarly, Willmcw wanted to delete the examples as being too subjective, while Mikkalai said, "Just the opposite".

It's naive to think that the term "propaganda" has no negative connotations. The result of this inherent POV, and of keeping the category, is that, in practice, the category consists of articles about propaganda, plus some specific examples by propagandists (Nazis, etc.) who have few or no supporters among currently active Wikipedians. I expect that we'll continue to see occasional additions of Michael Moore or one of his films to the category. I'll continue to remove that listing. I agree with Moore's views and disagree with Leni Riefenstahl's, so her detractors will still be able to use this category to express their disapproval of her. JamesMLane 03:36, 5 Dec 2004 (UTC)

As the introductory text clearly states, the term has two distinct meanings, the original one and the more recent, pejorative one. The non-pejorative meaning is still in use (e.g. by communists). Unfortunately the text doesn't make clear which meaning of "propaganda" the category is about. I don't see any objective criterion to distinguish between "propaganda" (2nd meaning) and PR, it's all based on whether you personally like or dislike its contents. IMO any inclusion of items in (or exclusion from) a pejorative category is inherently POV, to the effect that such a category should not be part of Wikipedia because it cannot comply with its basic rules. So either make this category about all kinds of PR/propaganda, good, bad or ugly, or delete it.--84.188.163.134 11:42, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Here's my idea: articles about propaganda should be placed into this category. This includes general classes of propaganda, such as heroic realism. Specific examples belong in Propaganda examples. Accusations of propaganda in articles otherwise unrelated to propaganda should be removed. Pcu123456789 05:24, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Clarification on category definition
The definition of this category as primarily political has lead to some discussion on Category talk:Anti-gay propaganda. Anti-gay propaganda could include religious propaganda and so could be argued to not be a suitable child of this category based on its current definition. A similar argument could be applied to Category:Antisemitic propaganda and Corporate propaganda topics which are currently children of this category. Are there any thoughts of refining the definition to extend the primary definition beyond government sponsored propaganda or explaining how to interpret "easily classified as propaganda" when the item in question may not be government sponsored?--Ash (talk) 21:01, 22 September 2009 (UTC)
 * FYI, I dealt with this issue in April of 2012 at this diff. CarolMooreDC 19:04, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

Separating examples and general discussion
I propose keeping Category:Propaganda for broad points of discussion and moving the examples into sub-categories.

There are currently several sub-categories for examples, but not every example has an obvious home within one or more of these.

My solution would be to re-open the old Category:Propaganda examples and use that for keeping examples that have no obvious home. Probably the current sub-categories could be moved down a level as well.

So my proposed category tree for examples would be:

>Propaganda
 * >>Examples
 * >>>Cold War
 * >>>Country
 * >>>Interest
 * >>>Medium
 * >>>Vietnam War {under-populated}
 * >>>WW1
 * >>>WW2

I would also introduce classification to make it easier to move up and down.

This would leave Propaganda a much cleaner category, and allow users to find what they are looking for. --Andrewaskew (talk) 06:50, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Sounds unnecessarily busy and confusing. CarolMooreDC 19:02, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Perhaps I didn't explain my reasoning. I would argue that Category:Propaganda is currently too busy and confusing and needs more clear distinctions. In particular, the important distinction between overall discussion of propaganda, and specific historical examples is not obvious. If we are to consider the role of categories in providing a hierarchy to allow readers and editors to quickly find the set of pages they are after, then I would argue that Category:Propaganda is not providing this as well as it could. I feel this category tree needs an overhaul. --Andrewaskew (talk) 01:08, 14 September 2012 (UTC)

 * One other thought also occurred to me, perhaps the following tree would be neater:

 * >Propaganda
 * >>Examples
 * >>>Country
 * >>>Interest
 * >>>Medium
 * >>>War
 * >>>>Cold War
 * >>>>Vietnam War {under-populated}
 * >>>>WW1
 * >>>>WW2

 * --Andrewaskew (talk) 01:21, 14 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I'm getting confused by Category:Propaganda examples. It seems unnecessary, just as your using Wikilinks to disguise all those existing categories does. It is not clear what you are trying to do here.
 * If you feel there are a number of articles in some missing category, then just create that and put some relevant articles under it. CarolMooreDC 01:35, 14 September 2012 (UTC)

 * Okay, I'll be bold. I had asked a question here to find out if any editor had an idea for any changes. --Andrewaskew (talk) 03:18, 14 September 2012 (UTC)

 * All you've done is hide important categories under "examples" which probably not too many people will go to, thinking its isolated incidents, not whole big categories. CarolMooreDC 16:46, 14 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I disagree. As I explained before making the changes, the Category:Propaganda was too cluttered, with specific examples not being easily discriminated from broad theory. If all the articles I moved to had fit into pre-existing subcategories, I would have simply moved them as such. However there were some that did not fit into any of these categories, thus I re-opened Category:Propaganda examples.

 * I'm not sure here what point you are trying to make. Are you arguing that Category:Propaganda did not need tidying, or are you proposing some different classification system for the Propaganda category tree? I am happy to listen in either case, can you please explain? Thanks. --Andrewaskew (talk) 23:22, 16 September 2012 (UTC)

It took me reading the deletion criticism of your categories to realize WP:Original Research was the issue here. I am saying it is WP:Original research for you to declare that some categories are examples and others are somehow stand alone categories. I'll change them back, unless I see something that actually is a subcategory of an existing category. "Examples" category itself should be deleted as well; tomorrow will list. CarolMooreDC 00:08, 19 September 2012 (UTC)

 * I would argue that I have not violated WP:OR because this classification between examples and theory comes from the pages themselves. Some are historical instances, others are theoretical discussions. This is not OR any more than the distinction between propagandists and propaganda theorists. Hopefully the cfd discussion will settle the point. --Andrewaskew (talk) 02:06, 27 September 2012 (UTC)

Category Deletion discussions
Given these discussions Categories_for_discussion/Log/2012_September_14 where several people call for deletion and Categories_for_discussion/Log/2012_September_18 which I started and which one other person so far agrees needs deletion, do you understand that:
 * The Classification header is problematic because the categories are? (And I still don't remember seeing "Classification" instead of "See also" for relevant categories before and it looks like an extension of the WP:Original research problem with your four new categories. CarolMooreDC 00:05, 19 September 2012 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Propaganda


text:
Walter VI, Count of Brienne

Walter VI of Brienne (c. 1304 – 19 September 1356) was a French nobleman and crusader. He was the count of Brienne in France, the count of Conversano and Lecce in southern Italy and claimant to the Duchy of Athens in Frankish Greece.

Early life in Italy
Walter was the son of Count Walter V of Brienne, duke of Athens, and Jeanne de Châtillon (died 1354), the daughter of the count of Porcien, constable to King Philip IV of France.

As grandson of Count Hugh of Brienne (d. 1296), he was heir to a vast property all around the Mediterranean. After his father's death at the Battle of Halmyros on 15 March 1311, Walter became count of Brienne, Lecce, and Conversano. However, the Duchy of Athens, except for Argos and Nauplia, had been overrun by the Catalan Company, and Walter spent much of his life in an unsuccessful struggle to recover that inheritance of his family. He spent most of his life in Italy and France and left Argos-Nauplia to be ruled by guardians.

His mother Jeanne carried out a vigorous struggle against the Catalans during his minority, which, however, had little military effect but impoverished him. To strengthen his position, Walter engaged in a strategic marriage to Beatrice, the niece of King Robert of Naples and daughter of Philip I of Taranto by Thamar Angelina Komnene, in December 1325. At this time, Florence requested King Robert's support in protecting Guelph interests in Italy, and elected his son, Charles, Duke of Calabria, as signore of Florence for a ten-year period (1326–36). Walter VI's almost-princely position in the Angevin court soon won him an appointment as Vicar for Charles of Calabria, an office that he only exercised for a few months in 1325.

Anti-Catalan crusade of 1331–1332
After 1321, Walter repeatedly announced his intention to campaign in Greece and recover the Duchy of Athens, but financial constraints and his obligations to the King of Naples kept him occupied in Italy. In 1328, he even briefly concluded a truce with the Catalans. Thus it was not until 1330 that a serious effort got underway. In June 1330, Pope John XXII issued a crusading bull for Walter, and ordered prelates in Italy and Greece to preach for a crusade against the Catalans; shortly after, King Robert of Naples also gave the crusade his support and allowed his feudatories to join it. The Venetians, on the other hand, renewed their treaty with the Catalans in April 1331. Sailing from Brindisi in August, Walter attacked first the Latin County palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos, and the Greek Despotate of Epirus, forcing them to recognize the overlordship of King Robert. He also seized the island of Leucas and the mainland castle of Vonitsa for himself in the process. From there he proceeded to invade the Duchy of Athens through northern Boeotia, but his campaign was a failure as the Catalans avoided battle and withdrew behind the walls of Thebes and Athens. Walter had neither the troops to overwhelm the Catalans nor the money to sustain a prolonged war of sieges and attrition, and found no support among the native Greek population. By summer 1332, it was clear that the expedition had failed, and Walter returned to Brindisi, saddled with even more crippling debts.

In his new Greek domains of Leucas and Vonitsa, Walter initially appointed a series of French castellans. In 1343, he made the Venetian Graziano Zorzi, who had helped finance his 1331 expedition and joined it himself, governor of Leucas. Zorzi proved successful in this role, and in October 1355, Walter granted Leucas as well as Vonitsa to him as a fief.

Ruler of Florence
He also occupied himself with his lands in France, and was the King's Lieutenant in Thiérache in 1339. His wife died in 1340, and he returned to Italy in 1342 when the Florentine ruling class of wealthy merchants called upon him to rule the city. Since 1339, Florence had been in the grip of a severe economic crisis brought about by immense English debts to Florentine banking houses, and by astronomical public debts incurred in trying to obtain the nearby city of Lucca from its Veronese lord, Mastino della Scala. The Florentine nobility looked to foreign powers to solve the city's seemingly impossible financial problems, and found an ally in Walter of Brienne. Although the ruling class invited Walter to rule for a limited time, the lower classes, who were fed up with the ineptitude of Walter's predecessors, unexpectedly proclaimed him signore for life. Walter VI ruled despotically, ignoring or directly opposing the interests of the very same merchant class that had brought him to power. The "Duke of Athens" imposed harsh economic correctives on the Florentines, including the flat tax estimo, and prestanze, postponements of the city's repayment of loans forced from the wealthier citizens. These measures both angered the Florentines and helped alleviate the fiscal crisis that had been stewing for years. After only ten months, Walter of Brienne's signoria was cut short by conspiracy. Walter VI was not only forced to resign from office, but barely escaped Florence with his life.

Later life and death
In 1344 he married Jeanne, the daughter of Raoul I of Brienne, Count of Eu. They had two daughters, Jeanne and Marguerite, both of whom died young. As he had no surviving children, it was evident that his sister's issue would inherit his possessions and claims. He was appointed Constable of France in 1356 and in that capacity died on 19 September 1356 at the Battle of Poitiers. He was succeeded in his titles and pretensions by his sister Isabella and her sons. When the inheritance was divided after Walter VI's death, Sohier d'Enghien received the title of duke of Athens and county of Brienne. Jean gained the county of Lecce, Louis became the Count of Conversano, while Guy received the Lordship of Argos and Nauplia.

Cultural legacy
The "Duke of Athens" who appears in the seventh tale of Day Two of the Decameron as one of the nine lovers of the Sultan of Babylon's daughter, while not historically accurate, is probably a satirical allusion to Walter VI – his brief, but unforgettable dictatorship in Florence occurred less than ten years before the writing of the Decameron.

title: Walter VI, Count of Brienne


text:
Awano, Tochigi

Awano (粟野町) was a town located in Kamitsuga District, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town has an estimated population of 10,278 and a density of 57.96 persons per km2. The total area is 177.32 km2.

On January 1, 2006, Awano was merged into the expanded city of Kanuma.

The town is part of a Sister City program with Grand Forks, North Dakota in the United States. Each fall, a delegation of Japanese Students visits Grand Forks and stays with a host student. In the spring of the following year, the American students stay with their Japanese host brother or sister in Awano. This program began in 1994, and led to the eventual Sister City program with Grand Forks.

title: Awano, Tochigi


text:
Ashio, Tochigi

Ashio (足尾町) was a town located in Kamitsuga District, Tochigi, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 3,465 and a density of 18.65 persons per km2. The total area was 185.79 km2.

On March 20, 2006, Ashio, along with the city of Imaichi, the town of Fujihara, and the village of Kuriyama (both from Shioya District), was merged into the expanded city of Nikkō.

The Ashio Copper Mine was located in Ashio. This copper mine caused a major pollution problem in Japan at the beginning of the 20th century. Subsequent environmental problems related to the mine are still evident along the river, in Tochigi, Gunma and Ibaraki Prefectures. In 1907 the Ashio miners rioted. During World War II a POW camp was based here to supply slave labour to the copper mines.

The following communities agreed to seek the permission of the governor of the prefecture to merge on March 1, 2006:
 * Nikkō
 * Imaichi
 * Ashio
 * Fujihara
 * Kuriyama

title: Ashio, Tochigi


text:
Wolfgang Staudte

Wolfgang Staudte (9 October 1906 – 19 January 1984), born Georg Friedrich Staudte, was a German film director, script writer and actor. He was born in Saarbrücken.

After 1945, Staudte also looked at German guilt in the cinema. Alongside Helmut Käutner, he was considered the only German post-war director of any standing who, after 1945, could look back on continuous artistic filmmaking far removed from Heimatfilm and the suppression of history. Staudte's films stood for politically committed cinema as well as for professional craftsmanship, for film art and (good) entertainment with a social claim.

His most important work came in the ten years following World War II, in which he worked with the DEFA in East Germany. The main focus of his work was to highlight the limits of German national pride. His work in anti-Nazi films, such as Murderers Among Us (1946), was also a personal working-through of his film career under the Nazis (he acted in the anti-Semitic film Jud Süß). Following 1956, he worked in West Germany. By the 1970s, his work was no longer considered particularly modern and he moved to television. He appeared on shows such as Der Kommissar and Tatort.

He is the great-uncle of the German-Iranian director and novelist Andy Siege.

As director
Film Television
 * Bravo Acrobat! (1943)
 * Ich hab' von dir geträumt (1944) — based on a story by Johann von Vásáry
 * Der Mann, dem man den Namen stahl (1944, lost film, rediscovered 1996)
 * The Murderers Are Among Us (1946)
 * The Adventures of Fridolin (1948) — remake of the lost film Der Mann, dem man den Namen stahl
 * Rotation (1949)
 * Second Hand Destiny (1949)
 * A Tale of Five Cities (1951, anthology film)
 * Der Untertan (1951) — based on the novel Der Untertan by Heinrich Mann
 * Poison in the Zoo (directed by Hans Müller, 1952)
 * Das Mädchen Juanita (premiere: 1952, Überläufer from 1945)
 * Die Geschichte vom kleinen Muck (1953) — based on the fairy tale Little Muck by Wilhelm Hauff
 * Leuchtfeuer (1954)
 * Ciske de Rat (Dutch-language, 1955) — based on the novel Ciske de Rat by Piet Bakker
 * Ciske – ein Kind braucht Liebe (German-language, 1955) — based on the novel Ciske de Rat by Piet Bakker
 * Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder (1955, unfinished film) — based on Brecht's Mother Courage and Her Children
 * Rose Bernd (1957) — based on Rose Bernd by Gerhart Hauptmann
 * Escape from Sahara (1958)
 * Pezzo, capopezzo e capitano (1958) — screenplay by Ennio de Concini, Duccio Tessari and W. Staudte
 * The Muzzle (1958) — based on a novel by Heinrich Spoerl
 * Roses for the Prosecutor (1959)
 * The Fair (1960)
 * The Last Witness (1960) — based on a book by Maximilian Vernberg
 * The Happy Years of the Thorwalds (co-director: John Olden, 1962) — based on Time and the Conways by J. B. Priestley
 *  (1963) — based on Brecht's Threepenny Opera
 * Destination Death (1964)
 * Das Lamm (1964) — based on a story by Willy Kramp
 * Ganovenehre (1966) — based on a play by Charles Rudolph
 * Heimlichkeiten (1968)
 * Gentlemen in White Vests (1970)
 * Jailbreak in Hamburg (1971)
 * Yesterday's Tomorrow (1978 film) (1978)
 * Die Rebellion (1962, TV film) — based on the novel Rebellion by Joseph Roth
 * Der Fall Kapitän Behrens – Fremdenlegionäre an Bord (1966, TV film)
 * Die Klasse (1968, TV film) — based on a novel by Hermann Ungar
 * Die Gartenlaube (1970, TV film) — based on a play by Hermann Ungar
 * Der Kommissar: Messer im Rücken (1970, TV series episode)
 * Der Kommissar: ...wie die Wölfe (1970, TV series episode)
 * Die Kriminalnovelle (1970, TV series, 5 episodes)
 * Die Person (1970, TV film) — based on a story by Manfred Bieler
 * Der Kommissar: Besuch bei Alberti (1971, TV series episode)
 * Der Kommissar: Ende eines Tanzvergnügens (1971, TV series episode)
 * Der Kommissar: Die Anhalterin (1971, TV series episode)
 * Der Kommissar: Lisa Bassenges Mörder (1971, TV series episode)
 * Der Kommissar: Tod eines Ladenbesitzers (1971, TV series episode)
 *  (1971, TV miniseries) — based on The Sea-Wolf by Jack London
 * Der Kommissar: Ein rätselhafter Mord (1971, TV series episode)
 * Der Kommissar: Die Tote im Park (1972, TV series episode)
 * Verrat ist kein Gesellschaftsspiel (1972, TV film) — based on a novel by Raoul Anderland
 * Marya Sklodowska-Curie (1972, TV film) — biographical film about Marie Curie
 * Der Kommissar: Das Komplott (1973, TV series episode)
 * Der Kommissar: Die Nacht, in der Basseck starb (1973, TV series episode)
 * Der Kommissar: Ein Funken in der Kälte (1973, TV series episode)
 * Nerze nachts am Straßenrand (1973, TV film) — based on a novel by Hansjörg Martin
 * Tatort: Tote brauchen keine Wohnung (1973, TV series episode)
 * Ein fröhliches Dasein (1974, TV film) — screenplay by Robert Wolfgang Schnell
 * Lehmanns Erzählungen (1975, TV film) — based on a story by Siegfried Lenz
 * Schließfach 763 (1975, TV film) — screenplay by Michael Mansfeld
 * Kommissariat 9 (1975, TV series, 13 episodes)
 * Burning Daylight (miniseries) (1975, TV miniseries) — based on Burning Daylight by Jack London
 * Tatort: Zwei Leben (1976 Tatort) (1976, TV series episode)
 * Um zwei Erfahrungen reicher (1976, TV film) — screenplay by Robert Wolfgang Schnell
 * Prozeß Medusa (1976, TV film) — based on a novel by Erwin K. Münz
 * Tatort: Spätlese (1977, TV series episode)
 * MS Franziska (1978, TV miniseries)
 * Das verschollene Inka-Gold (1978, TV film) — based on a story by Jack London
 * Feuerwasser (1978, TV film) — based on a play by Ulrich Becher
 * Tatort:  (1979, TV series episode)
 * Iron Gustav (1979, TV miniseries) — based on the novel Iron Gustav by Hans Fallada
 * Tatort: Schussfahrt (1980, TV series episode)
 * Tatort:  (1980, TV series episode)
 * Die Pawlaks (1982, TV miniseries)
 * Nordlichter: Geschichten zwischen Watt und Weltstadt (1983, TV series, 4 episodes)
 * Solo Run (1983, TV film) — based on a novel by Hans Herlin
 * Tatort:  (1984, TV series episode)
 * Der Snob (1984, TV film) — based on a play by Carl Sternheim
 * So ein Theater (1984, TV film)
 * Der eiserne Weg (1985, TV miniseries)

As screenwriter

 * The Axe of Wandsbek (dir. Falk Harnack, 1951) — based on a novel by Arnold Zweig

As actor

 * The Street Song (1931)
 * Secret of the Blue Room (1932)
 * Tannenberg (1932)
 * Homecoming to Happiness (1933)
 * Grand Duchess Alexandra (1933)
 * The Hymn of Leuthen (1933)
 * Stronger Than Regulations (1936)
 * Susanne in the Bath (1936)
 * Togger (1937)
 * All Lies (1938)
 * By a Silken Thread (1938)
 * D III 88 (1939)
 * Shoulder Arms (1939)
 * Legion Condor (1939)
 * Jud Süß (1940)
 * Friedemann Bach (1941)
 * Riding for Germany (1941)
 * The Big Game (1942)

title: Wolfgang Staudte


text:
Mashiko, Tochigi

Mashiko (益子町) is a town located in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 21,841 in 7914 households, and a population density of 240 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 89.40 sqkm. Mashiko is known for its pottery, called Mashiko ware (益子焼).

Geography
Mashiko is located in the far southeast corner of Tochigi Prefecture.

Surrounding municipalities
Tochigi Prefecture Ibaraki Prefecture
 * Mooka
 * Ichikai
 * Motegi
 * Sakuragawa

Climate
Mashiko has a Humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cold winters with little snowfall. The average annual temperature in Mashiko is 13.5 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1378 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 30-36 °C, and lowest in January, at around -6 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Mashiko peaked around the year 2000 and has declined since.

History
Mashiko developed as a fortified temple town from the Nara period. During the Edo period, it was an exclave of Kurobane Domain from Nasu. After the Meiji restoration, Mashiko, Nanai and Tano villages were created within Haga District on April 1, 1889, with the creation of the modern municipalities system. Mashiko was elevated to town status on March 1, 1895. Mashiko annexed Nanai and Tano villages on June 1, 1954.

Government
Mashiko has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 16 members. Mashiko, together with the other municipalities in Haga District collectively contributes two members to the Tochigi Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Tochigi 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
The economy of Mashiko is heavily dependent on tourism from its ceramics crafts industry. The town is also a bedroom community for neighboring Mooka and Utsunomiya.

Education
Mashiko has four public primary schools and three public middle schools operated by the city government. The town has two public high schools operated by the Tochigi Prefectural Board of Education.. There are also 6 nurseries (Yawaragi, Nanai, Aoba, Midori, Mashiko and Tano) and 2 kindergartens (Nanai and Takara).

Railway

 * Mooka Railway – Mooka Line)
 * Mashiko - Nanai

Culture
Mashiko is known for its pottery, called mashikoyaki (益子焼). Early pottery in Mashiko dates back to the Jōmon and Yayoi periods. Mashikoyaki is often thought of as simple and rustic in style, with brown and maybe a little red glaze, but modern pottery made in Mashiko today is found in many styles, on account of the creative freedom brought to Mashiko by Shoji Hamada. Modern Mashikoyaki dates only to 1853, when a potter discovered that local clay here was ideal for ceramics. The style was popularized in 1930 when Hamada, later designated as a Living National Treasure, set up a kiln in Mashiko. Hamada's student, Tatsuzō Shimaoka, was also designated as a Living National Treasure and worked in Mashiko from 1953 until his death in 2007.

Mashiko is a folkware kiln site that is unlike some of the other older kiln sites around Japan. The town is open to newcomers whether or not they are potters or of other professional backgrounds in arts, sciences and education. In Japan, craftsmen are usually born into their profession, but in Mashiko, anyone can become a potter. Following Shoji Hamada, people looking to return to a more traditional Japanese lifestyle settled in the area. Twice a year, coinciding with the Golden Week Holidays in the first week of May, and again for the first week of November, there is a pottery and crafts festival where potters and craftsmen from Mashiko and surrounding areas come to the town and set up stalls.

Local attractions

 * Saimyō-ji, Jizo-in, Entsu-ji - Buddhist temples containing several important cultural properties (as designated by the national and prefectural governments).

Sister cities

 * St Ives, Cornwall, UK (since 2012, in recognition of the Leach Pottery in St Ives of Bernard Leach and Shoji Hamada)

title: Mashiko, Tochigi


text:
Wormsley Park

Wormsley is a private estate of Mark Getty and his family, set in 2700 acre of rolling countryside in the Chiltern Hills of Buckinghamshire (formerly Oxfordshire), England. It is also the home of Garsington Opera. Acquired by Sir Paul Getty in 1985, the estate forms part of Hambleden valley, running from Stokenchurch to Turville. Wormsley is known for its library, its cricket ground, its two-acre walled garden, its shoot, and the vistas and landscapes of the estate grounds. It also rents space for events and television and filming work.

History
The estate was founded by the Scrope family in the late 16th century. It belonged to Colonel Adrian Scrope, the regicide, and passed to his grandson John Scrope, a baron of the Exchequer who died without issue. The estate passed to the descendants of his sister Anne (died 1721), who had married Henry Fane of Brympton. Their second son, Thomas Fane, also a Bristol merchant, succeeded his uncle as Member of Parliament for Lyme Regis, beginning the Fane family's long association with the seat. Fane also succeeded a distant cousin and became 8th Earl of Westmoreland in 1762.

The Fane family sold the 18th-century house and estate in 1986 to Sir Paul Getty and his wife Victoria Holdsworth. Getty restored the house and estate, adding a library to accommodate his book collection, and a theatre where performances were held for invited guests.

The area is known for its population of red kites. Once extinct in England and Scotland, the birds were reintroduced into England beginning in 1989. The area was not originally planned to be the first release site. It was originally intended to be Windsor Great Park, but at the last minute the landowner pulled out and the project nearly collapsed. Getty stepped in and offered Wormsley as an alternative.

In 2011, Garsington Opera moved from Garsington Manor near Oxford to a purpose-built pavilion in the grounds of Wormsley.

Cricket ground
After Mick Jagger introduced him to cricket, Getty built a ground in 1992 with a mock-Tudor pavilion. The actual playing area is a replica of the field at The Oval. The Queen Mother and the Prime Minister, John Major, attended the first match, along with Michael Caine, Denis Compton and Brian Johnston. Over the final decade of his life, Getty invited teams to play at what is now known as "Sir Paul Getty's Ground" with the teams ranging from world-class sides to youth sides.

Those who have played there include cricketers Andrew Flintoff, Imran Khan, Mike Gatting, Mike Atherton, Mark Ramprakash, Derek Randall, James Anderson and Mike Brearley and entertainment figures such as Peter O'Toole, Tim Rice, and Rory Bremner. Touring international sides have played at Wormsley with the Australians, West Indians, Sri Lankans and South Africans all having made appearances at the ground. It was the venue for the only Test match of the Australian women's tour of England in 2013.

title: Wormsley Park


text:
Motegi, Tochigi

Motegi (茂木町) is a town located in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 11,777 in 4503 households, and a population density of 68 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 172.69 sqkm.

Geography
Motegi is located on the far eastern border of Tochigi Prefecture.

Surrounding municipalities
Tochigi Prefecture Ibaraki Prefecture
 * Nasukarasuyama
 * Mashiko
 * Ichikai
 * Hitachiōmiya
 * Kasama
 * Sakuragawa
 * Shirosato

Climate
Motegi has a Humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Motegi is 13.1 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1410 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.1 °C, and lowest in January, at around 2.0 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Motegi peaked in the 1950s and has declined steadily over the past 70 years. It is now less than half what it was a century ago.

History
The town of Motegi, and the villages of Sakagawa, Nakagawa and Sudo were created within Haga District on April 1, 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. The three villages were annexed by Motegi on August 1, 1954.

Government
Motegi has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 14 members. Motegi, together with the other municipalities in Haga District collectively contributes two members to the Tochigi Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Tochigi 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Education
Motegi has four public primary schools and one public middle school operated by the town government. The town has one public high school operated by the Tochigi Prefectural Board of Education.

Railway

 * Mooka Railway – Mooka Line
 * Ten'yaba - Motegi

Local attractions
Motegi is the site of the Mobility Resort Motegi, a complex built by Honda which hosts all types of car and go-cart racing, the Honda Collection Hall transport museum, a resort-style hotel, and the "Hello Woods" camping and nature area.

The Nissan Proving Grounds for testing off-road vehicles are also located in Motegi.

title: Motegi, Tochigi


text:
Secaucus Junction

Secaucus Junction (signed as Secaucus) is an intermodal transit hub served by New Jersey Transit (NJ Transit) and Metro-North Railroad in Secaucus, New Jersey. It is one of the busiest railway stations in North America.

The $450 million, 321000 sqft station opened on December 15, 2003. It was known as Secaucus Transfer during planning stages and was dedicated as the Frank R. Lautenberg Rail Station at Secaucus Junction. U.S. Senator Frank Lautenberg, who died in 2013, was a transit advocate who had worked to allocate federal funds for the project.

The station is on the Northeast Corridor (NEC) five miles west of New York Penn Station and five miles east of Newark Penn Station. At Secaucus, the NEC crosses above the Main Line, which originates/terminates at Hoboken Terminal; the station allows passengers to transfer between the two lines. The station is served by all NJ Transit rail lines except for the Atlantic City Line and the Princeton Branch. Amtrak trains run through Secaucus but do not stop.

A bus terminal was built at the station in 2016.

Purpose and history
NJ Transit's rail operations are split between two divisions, a legacy of their roots in separate railroads. The Hoboken Division consists of lines formerly part of the Erie Lackawanna Railway and its predecessors, while the Newark Division lines had once been part of the Pennsylvania Railroad and Central Railroad of New Jersey. Conrail ran both networks under contract to the New Jersey Department of Transportation from 1976 until handing them to NJ Transit in 1983. While the opening of the Kearny Connection and Waterfront Connection in 1996 allowed for the implementation of some interdivisional trains, including the "Midtown Direct" service to New York Penn Station on the Hoboken Division's Morris & Essex Lines, direct passenger transfers between the divisions were still not possible. Secaucus Junction was built to integrate the two systems and allow for transfers between trains on each division.

The two-track Northeast Corridor embankment was expanded to three tracks for a mile on each side of the station and to four tracks through the station itself, allowing Amtrak and nonstop NJT trains to pass stopped trains. The two-track Bergen County Line was re-aligned southwestward to join the two-track Main Line to pass through the station on the four-track lower level. The construction required the bodies from the Hudson County Burial Grounds to be disinterred and moved to another cemetery.

The station was built with little public parking, as NJT believed few passenger trips would originate there. In 2005, exit 15X on the adjacent New Jersey Turnpike opened to provide easier access to the station; two years later, it was the least-used interchange on the turnpike, possibly due in part to the lack of parking at the station. Despite NJT's prediction that the station would be used primarily for transfers, in 2008 an upscale "transit-oriented" housing development called Xchange at Secaucus Junction opened nearby with 799 units marketed toward Manhattan commuters, and is expected to expand to 1,538 total units by 2024. On June 1, 2009, Edison Parkfast, a private company, opened the first parking lot near the station, with space for 1,094 cars. Bicycle parking is also available.

On July 26, 2009, NJ Transit began rail service to the Meadowlands station at the Meadowlands Sports Complex, with Secaucus Junction being a transfer point for passengers. From 2009 to 2014, Secaucus Junction served trains coming from Metro-North's New Haven Line for New York Giants and New York Jets football games at the Meadowlands with 1:00 p.m. kickoffs on Sundays. In anticipation of increased ridership for Super Bowl XLVIII in February 2014, NJT extended the lower level platforms at Secaucus Junction by 120 ft to accommodate multi-level 10-car train sets which could handle about 1,400 to 1,800 passengers per trip. The capacity to handle crowds, a plan dubbed the Mass Transit Super Bowl, was seen as unsuccessful.

On June 5, 2013, two days after his death, a special Amtrak train stopped at the station to carry the coffin of U.S. Senator Frank Lautenberg to Washington, D.C. for his burial. On February 2, 2014, a limited number of Amtrak trains made stops at Secaucus for passengers going to Super Bowl XLVIII. Local officials have indicated a desire to have regular Amtrak service stop at Secaucus Junction after American Dream Meadowlands opened in October 2019, however, as of 2022, this has not been implemented.

In March 2016, a new bus station with 14 bus berths opened; it is used for intermodal connections and was intended to add redundancy to the transportation network. In 2021 NJ Transit authorized studies for alternative options between the Meadowlands Sports Complex and Secaucus Junction including a bus "transitway". Further funding for design was approved in 2023 for an exclusive bus transitway planned to go into service for the 2026 FIFA World Cup.

Station layout
Despite its name, Secaucus Junction is not a true junction, in which trains can switch between lines; there is no rail connection between the upper and lower levels. The station has two platform levels connected by a third level on top. Such a loop, however, is proposed as part of the Gateway Project to improve commuter access to Manhattan.

 * The lower platform level lacks electrification and has four tracks and two island platforms serving the Bergen County Line, Main Line, Pascack Valley Line, Port Jervis Line, and Meadowlands Line trains, which originate and terminate at Hoboken Terminal.
 * The upper platform level tracks are electrified and carry trains to and from New York Penn Station (usually the Northeast Corridor, North Jersey Coast, Montclair-Boonton, and Morristown Lines) with four tracks and three platforms: two side platforms serving Tracks 2 and 3 (where nonstop trains usually bypass) and one island platform between Tracks A and B. Amtrak trains pass through the upper-level tracks without stopping.
 * The upper concourse level has a New Jersey Transit customer service office, a convenience store and food court. To transfer between trains on different levels, passengers climb up to the upper concourse, pass through faregates, and descend to their destination platforms. At the center of this level is a 30 ft steel, glass, and titanium sculpture of a cattail (abundant in the surrounding New Jersey Meadowlands) by San Francisco artist Cork Marcheschi. The tops of the cattails are lit from within in the purple, blue, and orange colors of NJ Transit.

Proposed New York City Subway extension
On November 16, 2010, The New York Times reported that New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's administration was working on a plan to bring the of the New York City Subway under the Hudson River to Secaucus Junction. An extension of that service from Times Square – 42nd Street to a new terminus at Eleventh Avenue and 34th Street, has already been built.

The extension would take the subway outside the city's and New York's borders and under the Hudson River for the first time. The plan would alleviate pressure on the NJ Transit/Amtrak route under the Hudson, after the cancellation of the Access to the Region's Core tunnel project by New Jersey Governor Chris Christie in October 2010. It would offer a direct route to Grand Central Terminal on the east side of Manhattan, while connecting with most other subway routes. New York City spent $250,000 for a consultant to conduct feasibility studies for the project. However, no design work commenced nor were financing arrangements made. On October 26, 2011, Bloomberg reiterated his support for the project, while Christie also expressed general concurrence. In April 2013, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority rejected the proposed extension, citing lack of funding. However, it was reconsidered again in 2018.

Gateway Project
The Gateway Project, a series of infrastructure improvements along the NEC between Newark Penn Station and New York Penn Station, includes a proposal to build the so-called Secaucus Loop or Bergen Loop, tracks connecting the Main Line and the NEC at Secaucus, thus creating a true junction station. As part of the second phase of the Gateway Project, the loop is projected to be constructed between 2024 and 2030.

title: Secaucus Junction


text: Template:Florida Keys

title: Template:Florida Keys


text: Category:Florida Keys

title: Category:Florida Keys


text:
User:Arkuat/tmp

See also: Eric F. (think sock puppet, but not in the bad way)

Wikiprojects I've signed onto

 * WikiProject Geology subsumed WikiProject Geologic timescale, which is inactive.
 * WikiProject History of Biology
 * WikiProject Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
 * WikiProject History of Science
 * WikiProject Tree of Life

Browse our wikipedia

 * /Prehistory and history
 * /Preprehistory
 * /Taxonomy

Missing articles

 * History of meteorology
 * History of oceanography
 * Geology of California

I haven't been maintaining this page much lately; I'm heartened that so many of the links below that once were red, now are blue.

Lunar stations are the 28 or 27 "constellations" along the ecliptic used (instead of a twelve-constellation "zodiac") in many ancient cultures to indicate the location of the Moon in the sky on any given night. They are also known as lunar mansions or Chinese constellations. There is some extensive discussion of these in the Dover paperback Star Names: Their lore and meaning by Richard Hinckley Allen, my copy's ISBN 0-486-21079-0

volumetric analysis: This used to discuss John Dalton's role in its development, among other things, in an extraordinarily incoherent way, and got deleted before I got around to trying to improve it. Volumetric analysis is something that every student of chemistry is usually expected to master in adolescence or very early adulthood. Looking at Talk:Titration, I'm starting to think that what's really needed here is a new article on volumetric titration.

 * Beta Canum Venaticorum
 * Mu Herculis

Many more missing articles in the list of stars by constellation, which has long since been broken up by constellation, so look for these redlinks inside each individual constellation article, e.g. Sagittarius, Coma Berenices, Vela, Cygnus, Cetus, etc. Another good place to look is the list of nearest bright stars.

Q: Where is the independent historical article about the Muslim state of Granada ca. 1230 to 1492? How should it be named if we were to create a new article and lift this text out into it? (The article on the Nasrid dynasty is not quite what I have in mind.) A: Al-Andalus

Thanks to RJHall for starting Beta Comae Berenices and Zeta Herculis.

Thanks to Ragesoss for starting History of geology.

Articles that need help

 * Planetary core needs sources to restore factually-true section removed 20:27, 2011 January 8
 * Post-Cold War era If we're actually going to use this term, it needs a better article than this.
 * Better differentiate Egg from Ovum, and interlink the two articles.
 * Thulium and a host of other lanthanoid and otherwise obscure chemical elements have introductory paragraphs that are too short. Also, thulium in particular is missing a Characteristics section.
 * Merge Fast breeder reactor into Breeder reactor
 * Cave fish and Amblyopsidae
 * Binary fission
 * Monroe Doctrine needs Allende and Pinochet
 * Prokaryote
 * Boiling water reactor
 * 2nd millennium
 * Uranium-lead dating
 * 1650s and 280s BCE and the like
 * Nucleocosmochronology

Articles that got help

 * Insectivore (the ecological niche) and Insectivora (the defunct proposed mammalian order) needed to get the contrast turned up. (Thanks to those who fixed this while I was away from editing Wikipedia.)

 * Greek literature
 * Alphecca and Pi3 Orionis are now up to snuff with current starinfoboxes.

Thanks to Ezhiki, Irpen, and Ghirlandajo for work on Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov's article!

Bigger articles that need help

 * Restorationism
 * 1990s
 * Mysticism
 * Solar system
 * Mangrove (needs taxobox)
 * Seagrass (could use text explanation of evolutionary relationship to mangroves implied in the illustration)
 * Paleolithic
 * history of technology
 * History of the Balkans
 * History of Kenya
 * Islamic Golden Age
 * Islamic science
 * Japanese atomic program (problems with NPOV)
 * Bible NPOV? There are an awful lot of articles about the various intricacies of this subject which bring out the mergist in me.
 * deuterocanonical books has redundancies and possibly some confusions
 * There's something about pulsars and Terrestrial Time, I'm not sure what.

Some articles I've worked on

 * History of chemistry: See the talk page.
 * Elias Hicks: Mostly copied out of a copyleft source.
 * astronomical algorithm: I wish I had the expertise to expand this article, both in breadth (CCD data processing algorithms, for instance) and in detail, but I can't without doing a lot more independent reading (and writing hobby code) on the subject.
 * List of solar system objects by mass: I didn't start this, but I keep coming back to it, adding and correcting information, and trying to make it easier for others to do so.

Thanks to MeltBanana for merging Margaret Fell.

Articles (etc.) I'm interested in poring over lately

 * Haversine formula
 * List of nearest bright stars
 * solar sail and fast solar sailing
 * WP:RD
 * WP:SCOTW
 * WP:AID
 * Second Congo War and related
 * History of Iraqi insurgency and related
 * Petroleum
 * Structure of the Earth
 * Geologic timescale
 * History of Earth
 * History of the world
 * Timeline of evolution
 * Timeline of the Universe
 * Buddhism in America
 * Christian anarchism
 * Decolonization
 * Francis Frith
 * History of Africa
 * History of India
 * History of Europe
 * History of West Eurasia
 * 7th century BCE
 * 6th century BCE
 * Phoenicia and Canaan
 * chemical kinetics
 * kinetic theory
 * Wikispecies

title: User:Arkuat/tmp


text:
Cwm Silicon

Cwm Silicon (Welsh for Silicon Valley) is an epithet applied to a region of South Wales in the far west of Newport that attracted interest and inward investment from the technology sector in the early 2000s.

, the future of the area as an important technological centre was uncertain following the closure of its key LG factory in August 2003. The area is next to the M4 and is a centre for high-technology companies, like much of the M4 corridor.

title: Cwm Silicon


text:
Union State

The Union State of Russia and Belarus, officially also referred to as Union State, is a supranational union consisting of Belarus and Russia, with the stated aim of deepening the relationship between the two states through integration in economic and defence policy. Originally, the Union State aimed to create a confederation; however, both countries currently retain their independence.

The Union State is based on a previous international treaty between Russia and Belarus made on 2 April 1997. Although it consists of only Russia and Belarus, other countries are allowed to join. The supranational union is ruled through the Supreme State Council and other governing bodies. As of 2024, the current president of the Supreme State Council of the Union is Alexander Lukashenko, who has held the position since 2000. The present goal of the Union State mainly focuses on economic integration, taxation, and integration of defence and intelligence apparatus.

History of formation

The Community of Belarus and Russia was founded on 2 April 1996, following 1995 agreements that established a Russian military presence in Belarus. The basis of the union was strengthened on 2 April 1997 with the signing of the "Treaty on the Union between Belarus and Russia", at which time its name was changed to the Union of Belarus and Russia.

Several further agreements were signed on 25 December 1998, with the intention of providing greater political, economic and social integration.

Nevertheless, the nature of the political entity remained vague. Under pressure from his political opponents, who argued for a reunion of the two states, and from Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, who sought to tie his excessively weak economy to Russia's stronger one, Russian President Boris Yeltsin initiated the creation of the Union to harmonize the political and economic differences between the two countries. According to some observers, Lukashenko's intention was also to gain great power, becoming president of a future Russia-Belarus federation after Yeltsin's demise due to his all-time low popularity. However, after Yeltsin resigned, Vladimir Putin was elected in 2000 to succeed him as Russian president. There was also the Freedom March, a 1999 protest against unification in the Belarusian capital of Minsk. Putin's election and the Freedom March forced Lukashenko to cancel his plans and maintain a balance between the independence of Belarus and Putin's increasing pressure for further integration of the two countries into the Union State.

The Treaty on the Creation of a Union State of Russia and Belarus was signed on 8 December 1999. The intention was to achieve a federation like the Soviet Union, with a common head of state, legislature, flag, coat of arms, anthem, constitution, army, citizenship and currency. The Union was ratified by the Russian State Duma on 22 December 1999 and the National Assembly of Belarus on 26 January 2000. On the latter date the Treaty and the Union came into effect.

Then Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev had put forward a similar proposal in 1994, envisioning the founding of a Eurasian union, but this proposal was not adopted until 29 May 2014 with the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union.

Governing bodies and legal framework
The Treaty on the Creation of a Union State creates legal framework as constitutional act and establishes the following institutions

 * Supreme State Council
 * Council of Ministers
 * Union Parliament
 * Court of the Union
 * Accounting Chamber

The Union State based on its founding treaties has exclusive jurisdiction over the creation of a single economic space and legal foundations for a common market, monetary union, single tax and pricing policy, unified development and procurement of defence equipment, unified system of technical support for the armed forces. Common command of regional military is further realized through many other documents based on this Union State jurisdiction, common border policy and other jurisdictions.

Besides exclusive jurisdictions of the Union State there are joint jurisdiction of the Union State and the subjects of the Union State that includes joint defence policy, harmonization and unification of the legislation of the subjects of the Union State, development of science, education, culture, formation of a common scientific, technological and information space, migration, working conditions and labor protection, social security, combating terrorism, corruption and others.

Outside the limits of the exclusive jurisdiction of the Union State and subjects of joint jurisdiction of the Union State and the subjects of the Union State, the subjects of the Union State retain the full completeness of state power.

Pavel Borodin was the first State Secretary of the Union. He was first appointed by the Supreme State Council on 26 January 2000 for a four-year term. In 2004 and 2008 his term was renewed for an additional four years, leaving office in 2011. Since then the office has been held by Grigory Rapota.

Union state is ruled through Supreme State Council of the Union. The Supreme State Council of the Union includes the member heads of states, respective governments, and both chambers of parliaments. Decisions on Supreme Council are made by principle of one state – one vote and presidents of states give that vote. Supreme Council includes the chairman of the Executive Committee of the Union that have an advisory vote. The President of the Supreme State Council is the head of one of the participating States on a rotation basis, unless the participating States agree otherwise.

Supreme State Council makes decisions on issues regarding the security of the member states of the Union including their collective protection from outside threats, the protection of the Union's borders, military development, and many other issues.

The Council of Ministers is composed of the member states' Prime Ministers, Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Economy, and Finance and the State Secretary of the Union. Permanent Committee of the Union State is formed as permanent working body of Council of Ministers. Current president of Council of Ministers is Mikhail Mishustin.

Parliamentary Assembly of the Union comprises two chambers – the House of the Union and the House of Representatives. The House of Representatives should contain of 75 deputies from Russia and 28 from Belarus, elected by the general populace of each. According to treaty, currently only House of the Union is formed and it consists of 72 deputies – 36 from Russia and 36 from Belarus. Before the elections for the House of Representatives of the Union State Parliament, the functions of the Union State Parliament are performed by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union of Belarus and Russia in accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 70 of the Treaty on the Establishment of the Union State of 8 December 1999. Regular sessions of the Parliamentary Assembly House of the Union are held twice a year and for Quorum at least two third is needed to be present. House of the Union Parliament has president and four vice presidents and 8 permanent committees for different areas of legislature. Current president of Parliamentary Assembly of Union is Vyacheslav Volodin On 12 December 2020, the 59th joint session of the House of the Union parliament was held to consider the Union State budget for 2021. in 4715,15 millions of roubles or approximately 61.631.112 US dollars

Court of Union should consist of nine judges appointed for six-year terms. But while provisions for court are given in adopted treaty court was not formed.

Accounting Chamber, is tasked with controlling the implementation of the Union State budget. It consists of 11 members appointed for a period of 6 years from among the citizens of the member states who have experience in control and audit who are appointed by the Parliament of the Union State on the proposal of the Council of Ministers. The Accounting Chamber establishes its own regulations, which are approved by the Council of Ministers.

Language
The official languages of the Union State are the state languages of the participating states. Russian is used as a working language in the common organs of the Union State.

Developments
Shortly after its inauguration, both member states seemed to have lost their enthusiasm for the Union, with first Russia, and then Belarus, restoring customs controls along their common border in 2001, effectively suspending the customs union until it was restored in 2010. Plans had also been set in motion to implement a common currency across the Union, but these have been postponed several times.

On 16 November 2010, it was announced by the Union State website that the Constitutional Act was 99% ready.

Common currency
Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko promised to introduce a common currency on 1 January 2004. The currency was not introduced, and the plan was pushed back by one year. On 1 January 2005, the Union State again failed to introduce a common currency, and it was again postponed by one year, which, in 2006, happened once again. During a press-conference in Minsk on 2 February 2006, Pyotr Prokopovich, chief of the National Bank of Belarus, announced that a "common currency might be introduced in 2007". This, however, failed to occur in 2007. The National Bank of the Republic of Belarus announced that, starting in 2008, the Belarusian ruble would be pegged to the United States dollar instead of the Russian ruble.

Citizenship and freedom of migration
Union State grants citizenship to citizens in both states meaning that every citizen of the Russian Federation and every citizen of the Republic of Belarus is at the same time a citizen of the Union with the guaranteed right to move and reside freely within the territory of the other party, allowing Belarusian citizens to travel freely in Russia and have the right to settle there to work or study, and vice versa including possession, use and disposal of property on the territory of another state. The Union State does provide citizens of Russia and Belarus the right to work and permanently settle in either country without formal immigration procedures otherwise mandatory for foreign nationals. They retain their national passports and other identification papers.

Military
On 10 February 2009, Russia and Belarus implemented the first stage of joint military officer training programs designed to integrate the military structures of the countries. This military collective is called the Regional Forces Group of Belarus and Russia (RGF). The goal of these operations is to ensure cohesive training, practice and implementation of military interests for the nations, and were aimed at strategic and battle training taking place in February and March 2009. Furthermore, the military doctrine of the Russian Federation provides that "an armed attack on the state-participant in the Union State, as well as all other actions involving the use of military force against it," should be deemed "an act of aggression against the Union State", authorizing Moscow to "take measures in response".

Proposed symbols
Since the formation of the Union State in 1997, Belarus and Russia have thus far failed to institute any symbols or even a flag for the Union State. There have, however been several proposals for flags and coats of arms.

Two proposals have been made for the flag of the Union. In all cases, they are modifications to the flag of the Soviet Union, but representing the state (not communism). In both cases, two gold stars are placed in the canton of the red flag (to represent the two states of the Union).

A proposed coat of arms is a modification of the double-headed eagle holding the coats of arms of Russia and Belarus.

A song called "Sovereign Union of Nations" (Державный союз народов Derzhavny soyuz narodov, Дзяржаўны саюз народаў Dzyarzhauny sayuz narodau) has been proposed as the Union's unofficial anthem. The song, which was modified from the National Anthem of the Soviet Union, refers to a wider union of the two nations.

Value-added tax controversy
Belarus and Russia had been collecting a value-added tax (VAT), meant to finance the Union State, in the country of origin, but from 1 January 2005, VAT is collected in the country of destination, as in most other independent countries of the world. This change gave rise to a considerable degree of confusion and has disrupted many trade operations between Belarus and Russia. On 10 February 2005, private entrepreneurs in Belarus staged a one-day warning strike, protesting the new VAT scheme between the two countries and Lukashenko's economic policies.

Contemplated expansion

 * Abkhazia and South Ossetia both currently have observer status in parliamentary sessions.
 * South Ossetia: Opposition party Iron, founded and led by Georgiy Kabisov, called for a unified North and South Ossetia to be an equal partner to Russia in the Union State, as opposed to Ossetia being a subject of Russia.
 * 🇦🇲 Armenia: several political parties including the Constitutional Rights Union, National Unity, and the Towards Russia Party have expressed their desire for the country to join the Union.
 * 🇰🇿 Kazakhstan had expressed interest in forming a separate customs union with Russia and Belarus by 2010. This Customs Union was formed as planned at the beginning of 2010. Kazakhstan has mentioned that it may join the Union State after some time. In late May 2023, however, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev declined an offer by President Alexander Lukashenko to join the union, referring to it as a "joke."
 * 🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan: As of June 2007, opposition in Kyrgyzstan, which has been locked in political turmoil, had initiated a nationwide referendum to join the union of Russia and Belarus.
 * 🇲🇩 Moldova: In 2001, president of Moldova Vladimir Voronin announced right after his election that he had plans for Moldova to join the Union of Russia and Belarus. The coming to power of the Alliance for European Integration at the 2009 Moldovan elections has since shifted Moldovan interest towards the European Union.
 * Transnistria: in the Transnistrian referendum of 2006, the government said 97.2% of the population voted for the integration of the unrecognized state of Transnistria into Russia, which analysts say indicates a possibility that Transnistria might unilaterally ask to join the Union, once it is established. Already in spring 1998, 66.5% of Transnistrian voters supported joining the Union of Russia and Belarus in a non-binding referendum by the Transnistrian state. However, not being recognised by either member, this is unlikely to happen in the near future.
 * 🇺🇦 Ukraine: In response to speculation about Ukraine joining the Union, then-president of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych, declared that Ukraine is an independent sovereign state and this is not something that can be questioned by anyone in the government. The issue is to be reconsidered in the new light of the Revolution of Dignity and the developments of the Euromaidan movement seeking for the integration into the European Union. During the term of office of the fifth President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko, the Constitution of Ukraine in 2019 was amended to consolidate the irreversibility of Ukraine's course to join the European Union and NATO after the events of the Revolution of Dignity in 2014. In 2021, the sixth president of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, stated that the creation of a "true union state" between Belarus and Russia is a real danger for Ukraine. Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022 in an escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War that continues today.
 * Novorossiya: During the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, Deputy Prime Minister Rustam Temirgaliev of the Russian-annexed Republic of Crimea expressed the hope that southeastern Ukraine would form a "Ukrainian Federation" and join the Union State. However, only the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic broke away from Ukraine, and the confederate Novorossiya political project was frozen at the start of 2015.
 * FR Yugoslavia/🇷🇸 Serbia: On April 12, 1999, the Federal Assembly of the FR Yugoslavia passed the Decision on the accession of the FRY to the Union state of Russia and Belarus. The legal successor of that decision is the Republic of Serbia. In 2007, Speaker of Parliament Tomislav Nikolić said during a speech that he wished that Serbia would strengthen its ties with and eventually join the Union State rather than joining the European Union, but he resigned from his position less than a week later. Although Nikolić did eventually serve as President of Serbia from 2012–2017, Serbia had submitted a membership application to the EU in 2009 and had received full candidate status in March 2012, prior to his term.

Renewed interest
On 15 December 2006, talks over the Union State were heating up. By January 2007, however, talks appeared to be stalled, as President Alexander Lukashenko of Belarus stated: "The Russian leadership is demanding that we join the Russian Federation—that's what is in the heads of the Russian leadership. I don't want to bury the sovereignty and independence of [Belarus]." He added: "From all the consultations and discussions, I have understood that we have different approaches and understandings of the building of a union state", and opposed "the possibility of the incorporation into Russia [of Belarus]".

However, on 19 October 2007, Russian Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov announced that the budget of the Union State "will grow by no less than ten percent next year, and that growth will provide for worthy funding of our common projects." This has led to speculation that the Russian government have renewed their interest in the idea.

A meeting between President Lukashenko of Belarus, President Vladimir Putin of Russia and Union State Secretary Pavel Borodin was held in Minsk 13–14 December 2007. This meeting received a considerable amount of media attention and raised speculation that a Union State might indeed be the focus of a new initiative by both governments. Of primary interest was renewed discussion of the Union Parliament (which, although planned, was never actually realized) and a Union State Constitutional Act, an instrument which could strengthen the authority of the Union. According to State Secretary Borodin, five variants of this Act were discussed at the meeting, each of which would involve a 7 to 10 year transitional period in the Union's development. Trade and energy issues were also discussed.

On 27 May 2008, President Lukashenko, acting in his capacity as Chairman of the Supreme State Council named then Russian Prime Minister and current President Putin Chairman of the Council of Ministers. This move raised speculation that the Union was about to undergo a significant political transformation. However, the most visible and arguably important official in the Union has been the State Secretary, who runs the Union State's day-to-day operations. In the same meeting, State Secretary Borodin announced that the 2009 Union State budget would total 6–7 billion roubles, an increase of over 2 billion roubles from 2008.

On 1 August 2011, Putin stated he supported a union of Russia, Belarus, and possibly South Ossetia. Belarusian Foreign Minister spokesman Andrei Savinykh rejected the idea, as did Dmitri Medojev, South Ossetia's ambassador to Moscow, who stated "Our people voted for independence in a referendum in 2006 and they do not relish the idea of becoming part of the Russian Federation."

Since 2015, focus on developing relations between former members of the Soviet Union is on continued development of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), itself a further development of the Eurasian Customs Union established in 2010. It is modelled on the integration of the European Union and comprises 5 member states: Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. Tajikistan has also expressed an interest in joining. However, the EAEU is only an economic union, and at present, political integration remains within the remit of the Union State.

Deeper economic integration is proposed in 2021 within current talks of member states. In November 2021, Russia and Belarus signed an agreement to provide for common policies on taxation, banking, industry, agriculture, and energy.

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, part of which was staged from Belarus' territory, Russia and Belarus came under sanctions and boycotts. On 3 March, Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko said he stood fully behind Russian president Vladimir Putin's campaign in Ukraine as part of Belarus's longstanding commitment to the union state with Russia. On 14 March, Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin met with Belarusian Prime Minister Roman Golovchenko in Moscow, telling reporters that they "coordinated measures to protect our economic security and the technological sovereignty of Russia and Belarus" and "consider it necessary to strengthen integration in the union state". On 18 March, the Russian government announced that all restrictions on the movement of citizens between Russia and Belarus would be lifted. On 1 July 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that the "unification" process has been accelerated to alleviate the economic damage of the sanctions.

In October 2022, following the September 2022 mobilisation of reservists in Russia, a contingent of approximately 9,000 Russian soldiers arrived in Belarus. According to the Belarusian ministry of defence the purpose of this deployment was to create a "regional military grouping" of the Union State. In the same month it was announced that Russian air forces were patrolling the borders of the Union state in Belarus.

2023 nuclear escalation
In an interview aired by Russia's state television in late May 2023, Lukashenko stated that other countries who were willing to join the Union State would be given nuclear weapons: “If someone is worried ... (then) it is very simple: join in the Union State of Belarus and Russia. That's all: there will be nuclear weapons for everyone." This was just a few days after he had confirmed that the movement of some of Russia's tactical nuclear weapons to Belarus had begun and the Russian Defence Minister had said he was signing documents concerning the procedure for storing tactical nuclear weapons in Belarus, the plan for which had first been announced by Putin in March.

title: Union State


text:
Luis Trenker

Luis Trenker (born Alois Franz Trenker, 4 October 1892 – 12 April 1990) was a South Tyrolean film producer, director, writer, actor, architect, alpinist, and bobsledder.

Early life
Alois Franz Trenker was born on 4 October 1892 in Urtijëi, Tyrol (St. Ulrich in Gröden, Ortisei) in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (in present-day northern Italy). His father Jacob Trenker was a painter from North Tyrol, and his mother Karolina (née Demetz) was from Urtijëi in Val Gardena. He grew up speaking two languages: German, the language of his father, and Ladin, the language of his mother. He attended the local primary school from 1898 to 1901, and then attended the Josefinum in Bolzano in 1902 and 1903. From 1903 to 1905, he attended the arts and crafts school in Bolzano, where he developed his skills as a woodcarver.

In 1912, he entered the Realschule in Innsbruck, where he studied Italian as a foreign language. There he began his middle school studies. During his high school years, he spent his holidays working for mountain guides and ski instructors. After his matriculation examinations in 1912, Trenker studied architecture at the Technical University in Vienna.

World War I
At the start of World War I, Trenker fought as a cadet in an Austro-Hungarian heavy artillery unit on the Eastern Front in Galicia and Russisch-Polen. From 1915 to 1918, he fought in the mountain war against Italy in the border fortress of Nauders. Later he fought in Trento. From 1916 he served as a mountain guide in the Dolomites. At the end of the war he had achieved the rank of Lieutenant. He would write 23 books based on his war experiences, the most important of which were Fort Rocca Alta and Berge in Flammen, the latter of which was made into the 1931 film Mountains on Fire.

At the end of the war, Trenker made several unsuccessful attempts to start an architecture business in Bolzano. In 1924 he graduated from the Technical University of Graz, and then worked as an architect in Bolzano, forming a business partnership with the Austrian architect Clemens Holzmeister. In 1924, Trenker participated in the Winter Olympic Games in Chamonix as a member of the Italian five-man bobsled team. Under the leadership of Pilot Lodovico Obexer, they ended up in sixth place.

Film career
Trenker's first contact with film came in 1921, when he helped director Arnold Fanck on one of his mountain films. The main actor could not perform the stunts required, and so Trenker assumed the leading role. He gradually assumed more roles on the set, and by 1928 was directing, writing, and starring in his own films. By then, he had abandoned his job as an architect to concentrate on his films.

In 1928 he married Hilda von Bleichert, the daughter of a fabrics manufacturer from Leipzig, with whom he had four children. In 1932 Trenker created (with Curtis Bernhardt and Edwin H. Knopf) a historical film The Rebel. Trenker stated that the film's plotline of a Tyrolean mountaineer Severin Anderlan leading a revolt against occupying French forces in 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars. The greatest Tirolean patriot Andreas Hofer was a proto-type of "Severin Anderlan" ... Trenker was designed to mirror what was happening in contemporary Germany as it rejected the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

The main theme of Trenker's work was the idealization of peoples connection with their homeland and pointing out the decadence of city life (most clearly visible in his 1934 film Der verlorene Sohn (The Prodigal Son). This loosely played into the hands of Nazi propagandists, who seized upon the nationalistic elements of his work. However, Trenker refused to allow his work to be subverted as such and eventually moved to Rome in 1940 to avoid further governmental pressure. After a pair of documentary films, however, Trenker returned to Bolzano and stopped making films. The style he had developed in the thirties was not limited to nationalistic, folkloristic, and heroic clichés. His impersonation of a hungry, downtrodden immigrant in depression era New York was regarded as one of the seminal scenes for future Italian neorealism by the likes of Roberto Rossellini.

After World War II
Trenker was accused of fascist opportunism after the war, but the charges were eventually dropped. In the 1950s, he returned to the movie industry, though by 1965 he was making primarily documentary films that focused on the Austrian province of Tyrol and South Tyrol (his homeland), which had become part of Italy. He also returned to writing about the mountains.

Later life
In 1988 Hilda Trenker von Bleichert died. Luis Trenker died on 13 April 1990 in Bolzano at the age 97. He was buried in his family's plot at Urtijëi. In 1992, for the centennial of his birth, his native town of Ortisei dedicated a monument that shows him in mountaineer garb while looking at the Langkofel, a mountain he liked to climb. In March 2004, the Museum Gherdëina displayed a collection of Trenker's belongings from a bequest of his family.

Filmography

 * Mountain of Destiny (1924), Der Berg des Schicksals, actor
 * The Holy Mountain (1926), Der heilige Berg, actor
 * The Great Leap (1927), Der große Sprung, actor
 * Struggle for the Matterhorn (1928), Der Kampf ums Matterhorn, actor
 * The Call of the North (1929), Der Ruf des Nordens, producer, actor
 * The Son of the White Mountain (1930), Der Sohn der weißen Berge, director, story, actor
 * The Great Longing (1930), Die große Sehnsucht, actor
 * Les Chevaliers de la montagne (1930), Knights of the Mountains, writer, actor
 * Die heiligen drei Brunnen (1930), actor
 * Mountains on Fire (1931), Berge in Flammen, director, novel, screenplay, actor
 * Doomed Battalion (1932), director, story, screenplay, actor
 * The Rebel (1932), Der Rebell, director, story, actor
 * The Prodigal Son (1934), director, novel, screenplay, actor
 * Der Kaiser von Kalifornien (1936), producer, director, writer, actor
 * Giovanni de Medici: The Leader (1937), director, story, screenplay, actor
 * Condottieri (1937), director, story, screenplay, actor
 * The Mountain Calls (1938), Der Berg ruft, director, writer, actor
 * The Challenge (1938), director, actor
 * Love Letters from Engadin (1938), Liebesbriefe aus dem Engadin, producer, director, writer, actor
 * Boundary Fire (1939), producer
 * Urlaub im Schnee (1939 short), producer
 * The Fire Devil (1940), producer, director, writer, actor
 * Der König der Berge (1940 short), producer, writer
 * Pastor Angelicus (1942), director
 *  (1943), actor
 * Monte Miracolo (1945), producer, director, screenplay, actor
 * Barrier to the North (1950), Barriera a settentrione, Duell in den Bergen, director, writer, actor
 * Aus König Laurins Rosengarten (1951), producer, actor
 * Bergsommer (1952 short), producer
 * An der Dolomitenstraße (1952 short), producer, director, writer
 *  (1952 short), producer, director, writer
 * Niemals mutlos (1952 short), Don't Surrender Never!, producer, director, writer
 * Gondelfahrt durch Venedig (1952 short), Venetian Walk, producer, director, writer
 * Lofotenfischer (1952 short), The Lofoten Fisher, producer, director, writer
 * Die Sphinx von Zermatt (1953 short), producer, director, writer
 * Kavaliere im Eis (1954 short), producer, director, writer
 * Escape to the Dolomites (1955), director, writer, actor
 * S.O.S. Zinnennordwand (1955 short), director
 *  (1956), producer, director
 *  (1956), director, novel, actor
 *  (1957), director
 * Unser Freund, der Haflinger (1957 short), Our Friend Haflinger, producer, director
 * Zwei Wege, ein Gipfel (1961 short), producer, director, writer
 * His Best Friend (1962), His Best Friend, director, screenplay, actor
 * Vacanze scambio (1962), director
 * Luftsprünge (1969–70 television series), actor
 * Skifreuden in den Dolomiten (1970 short), producer, director, writer
 * Ich filmte am Matterhorn (1970), producer, director, writer
 * Olympia (1971), actor
 * Die Glückspirale (1971), actor
 * Heimat aus Gottes Hand (1979), producer, director, writer
 * Hochkant (1982), actor

Honors and awards

 * 1936 Venice Film Festival Award for Best Foreign Film for Der Kaiser von Kalifornien
 * 1966 Cross of Honor of the City of Vienna
 * 1966 Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
 * 1977 Order of Merit of the State of Tyrol
 * 1978 Karl Valentin Order of Merit
 * 1979 Bavarian Order of Merit
 * 1982 Deutscher Filmpreis for Outstanding Individual Contributions to German Cinema

title: Luis Trenker