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Gabe Kapler

Gabriel Stefan Kapler (born July 31, 1975), nicknamed "Kap", is an American assistant general manager of the Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB). He is also a former professional baseball outfielder and manager in MLB.

Kapler was a 57th-round draft pick (1,487th overall) by the Detroit Tigers in the 1995 MLB draft. In the minor leagues, he was an All-Star in 1996, 1997, and 1998, and was recognized by national publications as Minor League Player of the Year in 1998.

He played in the major leagues from 1998 to 2010, for the Tigers, Texas Rangers, Colorado Rockies, Boston Red Sox, Milwaukee Brewers, and Tampa Bay Rays (except for the 2007 season, which — having briefly retired as a player — he spent managing the Greenville Drive of the South Atlantic League, the Single-A affiliate of the Red Sox). Kapler also spent part of the 2005 season playing for the Yomiuri Giants in Nippon Professional Baseball's Central League.

After permanently retiring as a player, Kapler served as a coach for the Israeli national baseball team in the 2013 World Baseball Classic, and as Director of Player Development for the Dodgers from 2014 through 2017. He was the manager of the Philadelphia Phillies in 2018 and 2019. He became the manager of the San Francisco Giants in 2020, and led them to a franchise-record 107 wins and the NL West title in 2021. Kapler was named the 2021 National League Manager of the Year. ESPN described him as "an analytically savvy, outside-the-box thinker who [can] also relate well to players." The Giants fired Kapler towards the end of the 2023 season. In December 2023, Kapler became an assistant general manager of the Miami Marlins of MLB.

Early life
Kapler was born in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, and is Jewish. His father, Michael, was a classical pianist originally from Brooklyn, New York who also wrote music and taught piano. His mother, Judy, is an early childhood educator at a Jewish preschool who is originally from Bensonhurst, Brooklyn. They met while working in the antiwar movement of the 1960s and moved to California in the 1970s. Kapler and his brother Jeremy attended The Country School, due to their father's position on the faculty as a music teacher.

At the age of eight, he was hit by a car and needed therapy to overcome his fear of crossing streets. He grew up in middle-class Reseda, Los Angeles, in the San Fernando Valley, where he was the smallest player on his Reseda Little League team.

Kapler attended William Howard Taft Charter High School in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles. He played shortstop, second base, and third base for its baseball team, hitting .313 in his senior season, and graduated in 1993 at age 17. In his four seasons of high school baseball, he never hit a home run. During the summer, he batted .350 with 4 home runs and 30 runs batted in (RBIs) for the Woodland Hills East American Legion team.

College career
Kapler attended Cal State-Fullerton in fall 1993 on scholarship for one semester, before transferring to Moorpark College in the fall of 1994. He was named First Team All-Western State Conference after batting .337 with seven home runs and 52 RBIs. He was inducted into the Moorpark College Athletic Hall of Fame in 2008.

Draft and minor leagues
Kapler was the 57th-round draft pick (1,487th overall) of the Detroit Tigers in the 1995 Major League Baseball draft. He was signed by scout Dennis Lieberthal, father of former Phillies catcher Mike Lieberthal, after being offered a $10,000 signing bonus. Playing 63 games for the Jamestown Jammers after he signed, he tied for second in the Class A- New York–Penn League in doubles (with 19), fifth in extra-base hits (27), and batted .288/.351/.453.

In 1996, with the Fayetteville Generals, Kapler led the Class A South Atlantic League in hits (157), doubles (45; 2nd in the minor leagues), extra-base hits (71) and total bases (280), was second in homers (26), RBIs (99) and slugging (.534), 5th in batting (.300), 7th in runs (81) and 10th in on-base percentage (.380). He made the South Atlantic League All-Star team. He then played for the West Oahu CaneFires in the Hawaiian Winter League, leading the league in home runs with 7.

In 1997, with the Lakeland Flying Tigers, Kapler led the Class A+ Florida State League in doubles (40) and total bases (262), tied for first in extra-base hits (65), was 2nd in games, 3rd in hits (153), tied for 3rd in home runs (19) and RBIs (87), 4th in slugging percentage (.505), and tied for 4th in runs (87) and sacrifice flies (10), while batting .295. He was named a Florida State League mid-season and post-season All-Star. He then played for the Honolulu Sharks in the Hawaiian Winter League.

In 1998, with the Jacksonville Suns, Kapler won the Class AA Southern League Most Valuable Player Award. He hit a league-high 28 home runs, and also led the league in hits (176; 8th-most in the minors), runs (113; 6th-most in the minors), doubles (47; 3rd-most in the minor leagues; breaking the old doubles record of 44), RBIs (146; most in the minors in 1998, and most ever in the Southern League), extra-base hits (81; a league record), total bases (319; a league record), and sacrifice flies (11). He was 3rd in the league in slugging percentage (.583), 4th in OPS (.976), 5th in batting average (.322), and tied for 8th in triples (6). His league record for RBIs broke the 1986 record of 132 set by Terry Steinbach. He played in both the Double-A and Southern League All-Star Games, and was recognized as the MVP of the Southern League All-Star Game. He was also named to the Southern League's post-season All-Star team, and named a Baseball America First Team Minor League All Star. He was honored as Minor League Player of the Year by Baseball Weekly, The Sporting News, and USA Today, and was named Tigers Minor League Player of the Year and Detroit's No. 1 prospect by Baseball America.

Detroit Tigers (1998–1999)
Kapler made his Major League debut in 1998 at the age of 22. He became the first Tiger since the inception of the draft in 1969 to be selected as late as the 57th round, and reach the majors.

In 1999, he hit his first career home run on April 30 against Albie Lopez of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. Kapler's 10 home runs in his first 64 games was the fastest by a Tiger rookie since 1954, and was not surpassed until 2008. For the season, Kapler wound up hitting a career-high 18 home runs in just over 400 at bats, third among AL rookies, and his 49 RBIs were ninth among AL rookies.

Texas Rangers (2000–2002)
In November 1999, he was traded by the Tigers with Al Webb, Frank Catalanotto, Francisco Cordero, Bill Haselman, and Justin Thompson to the Texas Rangers for Juan González, Danny Patterson, and Gregg Zaun.

Kapler hit two home runs on Opening Day in the 2000 season for the Rangers, becoming the first player to homer in his first two at bats as a Ranger. In July he homered in four straight games, tying a club record. He then had a team-record 28-game hitting streak later that season, which was also a major league high for the season. On July 30, he was named the American League's Player of the Week. In 2000, he batted .302/.360/.473 with 32 doubles (second on the team), 14 home runs, and 66 RBIs in 444 at bats, hitting .344 in the second half of the season. On defense, playing primarily center field, he tied for second among AL outfielders with 4 double plays.

In 2001, he hit 17 home runs, scored 77 runs, had 72 RBIs, and stole 23 bases (leading the team) in 29 attempts. Kapler batted .267/.348/.437. He made just one error in 344 total chances for a .997 fielding percentage, second-best in the AL, and his eight assists tied for fourth-most of any AL center fielder.

Colorado Rockies (2002–2003)
In July 2002, the Rangers traded Kapler, with Jason Romano and cash, to the Colorado Rockies for Dennys Reyes and Todd Hollandsworth. Playing for the Rockies in 2002, he batted .311/.359/.445 in 119 at bats. In 2002 between Texas and Colorado, he batted .279, and .357 with runners in scoring position, as on defense he had 10 outfield assists.

Boston Red Sox (2003–2004)
On June 28, 2003, the Boston Red Sox acquired Kapler from the Rockies. He batted .292/.349/.449 for the Red Sox, in 158 at bats.

In 2004, when Shawn Green of the Dodgers announced that he would not play on Yom Kippur, the Boston media asked Kapler if he would do the same thing. Kapler called a Boston-area rabbi for advice. With the Curse of the Bambino still hanging over Red Sox fans' heads, the rabbi reportedly said: "Do it! We need all the help we can get!" Kapler decided to play.

Kapler played a career-high 136 games in 2004, hitting 6 home runs and driving in 33 runs in 290 at bats, as he primarily played right field. He batted .272. He also led the team with 6 outfield assists. On Patriots' Day 2004, Kapler drove in two runs, including the game-winner in the bottom of the eighth inning off former Red Sox closer and Yankees setup man Tom Gordon. The Red Sox went on to win the game 5–4.

In Game 4 of the 2004 World Series against the Cardinals, Kapler had been inserted as a pinch runner, but manager Terry Francona left him in the game to play right field in the ninth. Kapler joined an exclusive club, as one of the nine players who were on the field when the Red Sox won their first title in 86 years.

Yomiuri Giants (2005)
Less than one month after the Red Sox dramatic 2004 World Series victory, Kapler departed to play for Japan's Yomiuri Giants. He received a $2 million deal plus a $700,000 signing bonus, compared to the $750,000 salary he had received from the Red Sox. Driven by the memory of an elementary-school report that he had written about Japan, he felt it was time for a change. "I tend to make emotional decisions," he said. "I did it more for the life experience than anything else. And ever since I wrote that report, I've been fascinated by everything that an 8-year-old associates with a country far, far away." He struggled in 38 games in Japan, and was placed on the inactive list by Yomiuri in the 2005 mid-season.

Boston Red Sox (2005–2006)
Kapler was re-signed by the Red Sox in July 2005, just a few hours after clearing Japanese Central League waivers. In September 2005, Kapler ruptured his left Achilles tendon while rounding the bases after a home run by teammate Tony Graffanino. He had surgery, which ended his season.

In June 2006, Kapler came back from his injury. That season, he had his best on-base percentage in five years (.340), hit .316 with two out and runners in scoring position, and played error-less outfield for the second year in a row.

Kapler announced his retirement from professional baseball on December 12, 2006.

Minor league managerial career (2007)
He served the Boston Red Sox as manager of their Single-A affiliate, the Greenville Drive, for one season in 2007. The team went 58–81, and finished in 7th place in the South Atlantic League Southern Division.

Milwaukee Brewers (2008)
On September 20, 2007, after one season as a manager, Kapler announced that he would like to return to play Major League Baseball in 2008. On the decision, Kapler said "I miss the battle. I still need to be on the field as a player." On December 20, Kapler signed a one-year, non-guaranteed contract with the Milwaukee Brewers that paid $800,000 when Kapler made the roster.

The initial plan, before Mike Cameron was acquired, was to have Kapler replace the non-tendered Kevin Mench as a right-handed option to share time with Tony Gwynn Jr., Gabe Gross, and Joe Dillon, in left field. With a focus on defense, Yost indicated in March that Gwynn and Kapler might have a leg up on Gross.

"He's been very impressive so far," said Brewers manager Ned Yost in March. "I would have never known he took a year off. He does not show any signs of it to me.

While Cameron served a 25-game suspension to start the season for twice testing positive for a banned stimulant in the fall of 2007, Kapler made the club, and began to see action in center field. On April 5, 2008, he hit the first pinch-hit home run of his career for Milwaukee in the 7th inning of a game against the San Francisco Giants. Kapler started the season as the Brewers' hottest hitter, going 11-for-26 with four home runs and 11 RBIs.

Kapler gave fans a taste of his hard-nosed style against the Dodgers on August 16. He ran full-speed after Russell Martin's long fly in the seventh inning, snagging the ball to deprive Martin of a home run as he toppled head-first into the left-field seats. The outstanding catch helped the Brewers hold onto a one-run lead, and earned Kapler the Play of the Year Award, voted by over 12 million fans in MLB's This Year in Baseball Awards. Similarly, three days later Kapler made a diving catch in left field to rob Ty Wigginton of a hit, and on September 6 Kapler ran down a blooper to center and made an outstanding diving catch. Kapler missed the last two weeks of the season as well as the NLDS after tearing his latissimus dorsi muscle in his right shoulder on a throw to the plate in mid-September.

For the year, in 96 games Kapler batted .301/.340/.498, and hit eight home runs, playing mostly in center field, and batting .386 with a .632 slugging percentage in tie games. Kapler started 43 games. He was the club's best pinch-hitter, batting .323 with two homers (the first pinch-hit shots of his career) and 8 RBIs.

On October 30, 2008, Kapler filed for free agency.

Tampa Bay Rays (2009–2010)

On January 12, 2009, Kapler signed a one-year contract with the Tampa Bay Rays for $1,000,018. The extra $18 was chosen because it represented the symbol for "life" in Judaism.

Kapler started the season platooning in center field with Matt Joyce, in place of Rays' center fielder B. J. Upton, who had offseason surgery on his left shoulder and was not ready for Opening Day. On April 13, Kapler struck out against New York Yankee outfielder Nick Swisher. Kapler then began to platoon in right field with Gabe Gross. In June, he tied a club record shared by Jose Canseco and Julio Lugo, with home runs in four straight games. Kapler ended the season at .354 with 4 homers in 82 at-bats against left-handers. In this role, he almost broke up Mark Buehrle's perfect game on July 23, 2009. Leading off the ninth inning against the White Sox, he was robbed of a home run by a leaping DeWayne Wise, a ninth inning defensive replacement.

Through July 10, despite a slow start, Kapler had the best slugging percentage of his career (.505) and was batting .320 with 4 home runs in 75 at-bats and a .680 slugging percentage against left-handers. As of July 10, 64% of his hits in 2009 had been for extra bases, which would be first in the major leagues for a player with at least 100 plate appearances (Kapler had 129).

Kapler was re-signed by the Rays on October 27, 2009, to another one-year contract, this time for $1.05 million. Over 2008–09, Kapler hit .304 against left-handers with a .577 slugging percentage, 9th-best in the Major Leagues. "Over the past two years, Kap has been one of the best in baseball against left-handed pitching", said Rays executive vice president of baseball operations Andrew Friedman. "Because he's also a plus defensive outfielder, he's become a tremendous asset here. His value even extends beyond the field; his knowledge and presence make him a positive influence on our younger players."

In a December interview manager Joe Maddon said: "I'm still a big Gabe Kapler fan. You look at his OPS over the last couple of years versus left-handed pitching, it's among the best in all of baseball".

Heading into spring training in 2010, Kapler was likely to platoon in right field with Joyce. However, he appeared in only 59 games that season, hitting a career-worst .210 with only two home runs as he battled right hip flexor and right ankle injuries, and became a free agent after the season.

Los Angeles Dodgers
On January 18, 2011, Kapler signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers. He also received an invitation to spring training. Kapler was released on March 31, in the team's last cut of spring training.

Team Israel
Kapler coached for the Israeli national baseball team in the 2013 World Baseball Classic qualifier in September 2012. Israel lost to Spain in extra innings in the Pool Finals, and did not qualify to play in the World Baseball Classic.

Egraphs
From 2012 to 2013, Kapler worked closely with technology startup Egraphs, which focused on electronic personalized autographs, and which was licensed with MLB and the NBA. In spring 2013, Egraphs closed operations.

Television work
In the summer of 2013, Kapler became an analyst for Fox Sports 1 cable network. He appeared frequently on the network's Fox Sports Live program from the network's debut on August 17, 2013, as well as MLB Whiparound from the program's inception in March 2014. Two of his segments were "Saberclips", in which he explained advanced statistics and sabermetrics used in baseball, and also "In the Cage", in which he shared advice with young baseball players as to how to train when they hit the batting cage. He also worked as a writer and analyst at Baseball Prospectus, which is devoted to the sabermetric baseball analysis.

Los Angeles Dodgers
On November 7, 2014, Kapler became the Dodgers' director of player development. In that position, Kapler had all the affiliates in the Dodgers farm system, as well as the major league team, switch to serving entirely organic food, and take junk food out of the clubhouse. Kapler, known as a proponent of advanced statistics and healthy food, explained his flexible general approach, saying: "One thing we want to do is avoid locking ourselves into any organizational philosophy that can't be easily altered or improved. While mining for best practices, we have overarching themes and philosophies, but we don't want to say, 'This is what we believe' and get so dug in that we're not capable of being nimble as new studies present better ways to approach problems and development. That flexibility is a thought process that we have to constantly talk about it with players and staff."

In 2015, a 17-year-old accused a Dodger minor league player initially of videotaping a fight in which two women whom she had met through Facebook hit her while with her in a hotel room of a player. The accuser emailed her complaint to Kapler. He sought direction from Dodgers' lawyers and human resources personnel and then replied quickly with a phone call, apologized, and offered to help in any way she needed. A week later—when the accuser was arrested for shoplifting—she added the second accusation to police, though she did not communicate it to Dodgers personnel, that at the time a Dodger minor league player engaged in alleged sexual assault by briefly putting his hand under her bra and down her pants; the accuser then declined to cooperate with the police, and no charges were filed. Kapler reported the accusation of the videotaping of the assault to Dodgers personnel, who did not report it to Major League Baseball. Kapler has apologized for his handling of the allegations.

Kapler was one of the favorites and a finalist to become the new Dodgers manager following the departure of Don Mattingly, but lost out to Dave Roberts prior to the 2016 season.

Philadelphia Phillies (2018–2019)
On October 30, 2017, the Philadelphia Phillies announced that they had hired the 42-year-old Kapler as their new manager, the 54th in team history. Phillies General Manager Matt Klentak and principal owner John Middleton said that what most impressed them during Kapler's interview, which included people across several team departments, were his level of preparation and his people skills, evidenced by his ability to connect with each one of the groups.

Kapler inherited a team that had lost 96 games their prior season, the team's sixth season in a row with a losing record. He had his theme for the season inscribed on t-shirts that were given out to each of his players: "Be Bold." After 100 games, he had the second-most wins among Phillies managers historically (56), and he went 24-38 in the last 62 games, to finish the 2018 season 80-82. The 27 overturns caused by his challenges were tied for the second-most in the majors, and the 4.7 pitchers per game he used were second-most in the major leagues.

In 2019 he managed the team to an .500 record, Philadelphia's best record since 2012 when they also had a .500 record. The 23 overturns caused by his challenges were tied for the second-most in the majors. Following the season, Kapler was fired. Joe Girardi succeeded him and managed the team to a .460 record the following season.

2020
In November 2019, the San Francisco Giants hired Kapler as their 37th manager, succeeding the retiring Bruce Bochy. He inherited a team that had a win–loss record of .470 in 2019.

In 2020, after Kapler hired three hitting coaches who were young enough to still be players, the Giants veteran hitters raved about how well prepared they were going into games with the new approach. Kapler platooned whenever he thought he could get an advantage, and the resulting turnaround with the Giants hitters was significant. While the team had ranked 28th, 29th, and 29th in runs the prior three seasons, under Kapler they finished 8th in runs, averaging 4.98 runs per game, up from 4.19 the prior year and 3.72 in 2018. Kapler used 1.25 pinch hitters per game, more than any other manager in major league baseball, and the third-most pitchers per game (4.9). Both new and veteran players responded positively to Kapler, and a number of them highlighted his steadiness as a factor in turning around slumping years. In the pandemic-shortened 2020 season, he managed the team to a .480 record that far exceeded expectations in what was expected to be a rebuilding year, and surpassed the record of Kapler's former team, the Phillies. The Giants fell just short of making the playoffs, which they would have made had they won their last game of the season, a game they lost by one run. They ended up with the same win–loss record as the Milwaukee Brewers, but it was the Brewers that advanced to the playoffs as they had a better in-division record. Kapler received three third-place votes for NL Manager of the Year.

2021: NL Manager of the Year
Kapler began the 2021 season with a coaching staff of 13 that included nine who had never been on a major league staff before he hired them, and most of them were young enough to be playing themselves. Kapler won his 200th game as a manager in April 2021, becoming the first manager in MLB history with a 200–200 win–loss record over the first 400 games of his career.

In the 2021 regular season, his Giants won more games than any other major league team (107; with his team's winning percentage rising from .483 to .660), the 12 overturns caused by his challenges were tied with those of LA's Dave Roberts for the most in the majors, and he was one of only two managers who were not ejected during the season (along with Tampa Bay's Kevin Cash). He used more pinch hitters per game than any other major league manager for the second season in a row (2.60), and the second-most pitchers per game (4.7). Kapler ended the 2021 season with a Giants managerial win-loss percentage of .613, third all-time of the Giants' 39 managers, behind only Hall of Famers Hughie Jennings and Rogers Hornsby, each of whom managed for less than a year nearly a century earlier.

Kapler's players praised him for keeping open lines of communication with them throughout the season, which was especially important given that he used the team's entire roster, shattering the MLB record for pinch-hit appearances as he exploited matchups aggressively.

Kapler was named the 2021 National League Manager of the Year by the Baseball Writers' Association of America, with 28 of a possible 30 first place votes. He became the second Giants manager to win the award, joining Dusty Baker, after managing the team to a franchise-record 107 wins and into the postseason for the first time in five years, despite pre-season projections that questioned the Giants' ability even to finish above .500 (Baseball Prospectus projected the team to win 75 games, entering the season). Kapler was also named the Sporting News 2021 NL Manager of the Year, as 86% of his fellow National League managers voted for him.

On November 12, the Giants rewarded Kapler with a two-year contract extension through the 2024 season.

2022
In the aftermath of the Robb Elementary School Shooting and other mass shootings in the US, on May 27, 2022, Kapler announced he was not happy with the direction of the country. In protest, he said that he will not come out of the dugout for the national anthem until he deems the country to be back on a better track.

In 2022, Kapler used more pinch hitters per game, 1.63, than any other major league manager for the third season in a row.

2023
The Giants were eliminated with six games to play in the 2023 season, making it the third time in Kapler's tenure that they did not reach the postseason. This happened on the heels of a slide that saw them go 2–8 on a home stand and win just three times in their last 17 road games. Responding to pitcher Logan Webb's demand for making "big changes," Kapler stated, "We all have responsibility to raise the bar to the highest possible expectations, to not accept losing and expect to win every night and to go quickly back to make adjustments and we haven't met that standard." The Giants fired Kapler three days later, with Kai Correa taking over as the interim manager for the remainder of the season.

Miami Marlins (2023–present)
In December 2023, Kapler became an assistant general manager of the Miami Marlins of MLB. He will work under the Marlins' new president of baseball operations Peter Bendix, formerly a member of the Tampa Bay Rays front office during Kapler's time with the team as a player in 2009–10. Kapler's primary focus will be on player development within the Marlins’ system, and will be involved in all areas of baseball operations.

Accolades
In 2006 he was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.

Personal life
Kapler lived in Tarzana, California, with his wife, Lisa (Jansen), whom he married in January 1999. They had two sons, and eventually the Kapler family moved to Northern Liberties, Philadelphia, after he became the manager of the Phillies and then to North Beach, San Francisco, after he became the manager of the Giants. He and his wife, whom he met in his senior year of high school, are now divorced.

Longtime Boston Globe columnist Bob Ryan—who said of Kapler "He's as smart as any player I've ever met"—nicknamed him "The Body". He is an avid weightlifter; his body fat count was reported in 2000 to be at 3.98%, and in 2012 to be at 3.5%. He was on the cover of several fitness magazines and became renowned for being the focus of an entire K-Swiss shoe campaign before he had even reached the pros. His blog discusses fitness, nutrition, health, and leadership.

Kapler and his wife co-founded the Gabe Kapler Foundation, which is dedicated to educating the public about domestic violence, and helping women escape abusive relationships.

In a clubhouse poll, it was once revealed that of the 25 players on the Red Sox, 24 were Republicans and Kapler was the one Democrat.

Kapler's father died in December 2020 from Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. Prior to the start of the 2022 season, Kapler received a prominent tattoo on his left hand to memorialize his father.

Jewish heritage
Kapler is Jewish, and to honor his heritage, has a Star of David tattooed on his left calf, with the inscription "Strong Willed, Strong Minded" in Hebrew, and the post-Holocaust motto "Never Again" with a flame and the dates of the Holocaust on his right calf. He describes his background as "culturally Jewish.... I was—and am—proud of my heritage, but don't practice religion," and as to being a Jewish Major Leaguer said: "That's something I take great pride in.... I'm very interested in my heritage and I'm very proud of who I am." He has 14 total tattoos.

Kapler has been given the nickname Hebrew Hammer due to his frequent longball hits, along with his muscularity and the fact that he is Jewish. It later became the nickname of Ryan Braun, who is also Jewish, and was Kapler's teammate on the Brewers. On August 8, 2005, while playing for the Red Sox, Kapler took the field in the 9th inning along with Kevin Youkilis and Adam Stern, setting a "record" for the most Jewish players on the field at one time in American League history and the most in Major League Baseball history since four Jews took the field for the New York Giants in a game in 1941.

In 2008, with his career 69th home run he passed Art Shamsky and Lou Boudreau for 9th on the all-time list for home runs by Jewish major leaguers. Kapler was the unanimous winner of the 2008 Jewish Comeback Player of the Year award. Through 2018, he was 5th all-time in career stolen bases (behind Brad Ausmus) and 9th all-time in career doubles (behind Sid Gordon) among Jewish major league baseball players.

In 2018, Kapler became the eighth Jewish manager in MLB history. He joined Bob Melvin, Brad Ausmus, Jeff Newman, Norm Sherry, Lou Boudreau, Andy Cohen, and Lipman Pike.

title: Gabe Kapler


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Steingrímur J. Sigfússon

Steingrímur Jóhann Sigfússon (born 4 August 1955) is an Icelandic politician. He has been a member of the Althing (Icelandic parliament) since 1983 and was the founding chairman of the Left-Green Movement (Vinstri hreyfingin – grænt framboð) from 1999 until 2013. He was the Minister for Agriculture and Communications from 1988 to 1991. He was Minister of Finance from 2009 to 2011. In 2011, he took on the roles of Minister of Fisheries and Agriculture and Minister of Economic Affairs.

Steingrímur was born in Gunnarsstaðir, a large sheep farm between Garður and Þórshöfn in the Þistilfjörður region of northeast Iceland (Svalbarðshreppur municipality). In his younger days he was an avid sportsman, both track and field and also a volleyball player. On 16 January 2006, Steingrímur was injured in a car accident not far from Blönduós but later recovered.

He supported the end of the US military presence in Iceland, but believed Iceland itself should have taken the initiative in ending this presence. Since September 2006, when US forces left Naval Air Station Keflavik, he has strongly opposed any possible development of an Icelandic army seeing the country's need for armed forces as practically non-existent. He believes that civilian institutions such as the police and the coast guard should be organized in order to provide the needed protection in the unlikely event of a major disturbance.

In November 2006, he published the book Við öll – Íslenskt velferðarsamfélag á tímamótum ("All of Us – Icelandic Welfare Society at Crossroads"), laying out his political ideology.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Steingrímur J. Sigfússon


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Edward Cave

Edward Cave (27 February 1691 – 10 January 1754) was an English printer, editor and publisher. He coined the term "magazine" for a periodical, founding The Gentleman's Magazine in 1731, and was the first publisher to successfully fashion a wide-ranging publication.

The son of a cobbler, Cave was born in Newton near Rugby, Warwickshire, and attended Rugby School, but was expelled after being accused of stealing from the headmaster Henry Holyoake. He worked at a variety of jobs, including timber merchant, reporter and printer. He conceived the idea of a periodical that would cover every topic the educated public was interested in, from commerce to poetry, and tried to convince several London printers and booksellers to take up the idea. When no one showed any interest, Cave took on the task himself. The Gentleman's Magazine was launched in 1731 and soon became the most influential and most imitated periodical of its time. It also made Cave wealthy.

Cave was an astute businessman. He devoted all his energy to the magazine, and rarely left its offices at St John's Gate, Clerkenwell. He made use of many contributors, most famously Samuel Johnson, who was always grateful to Cave for having provided his principal employment for many years. Cave himself often contributed pieces to the Magazine under the pen name of Sylvanus Urban.

He also obtained a licence from Lewis Paul for 250 spindles for his patent roller-spinning machine, a precursor of the water frame. In 1742 he bought Marvel's Mill at Northampton and converted this to a cotton mill, probably the first water-powered spinning mill in the world. This was apparently profitable, but only modestly so. It closed in 1761, or soon after.

Cave suffered from gout. He is buried at St. James Church, Clerkenwell.

title: Edward Cave


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Labour Youth Union of Albania

The Labour Youth Union of Albania (Albanian: Bashkimi i Rinisë së Punës së Shqipërisë) was the youth organization of the Party of Labour of Albania. Founded on November 23, 1941 as the Communist Youth it was officially described as the "greatest revolutionary force of inexhaustible strength" and a "strong fighting reserve of the party" it was a key organization for political socialization in socialist Albania. It was affiliated with the Democratic Front.

Organization
The union operated directly under the Party of Labour of Albania, with its local organs supervised by the relevant district or city party committees. Founded in 1941, the union was considered one of the most important auxiliaries of the party. Organized in the same way as the party, the union had city and district committees, and higher organs, including the politburo and Central Committee. It was patterned after All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League, known as Komsomol, in the Soviet Union.

Membership
The more than 200,000 members of the union ranged in age from fifteen to twenty-five. The union was responsible for controlling all Pioneer organizations, which embraced children from seven to fourteen years of age; for implementing party directives among youth; and for mobilizing so-called volunteer labor brigades to work on special economic projects. Membership in the union was a prerequisite for those aspiring to a career in the party or state apparatus.

Pioneer of Albania
The union had under its wing the Pioneers of Enver, formerly known simply as the pioneer movement, which had started in World War II, with the Debatik, a youth scout movement, created in 1942.

title: Labour Youth Union of Albania


text:
Union of Albanian Women

Union of Albanian Women was an important mass organization in socialist Albania, founded in 1943 and dissolved in 1992. As with other mass organizations and associations during the time period, it was affiliated with the Democratic Front.

History
The Union of Albanian Women was founded as a branch of the Communist Party in 1943, and named the name Anti-Fascist Women of Albania (or Antifascist Women's Union). It changed name to Union of Albanian Women during its 1946 congress.

Its task was mobilizing the political and social activities of the country's women, handling their ideological training, and leading the campaign for the emancipation of women. This campaign, initiated in 1966 by Hoxha, had considerable success in securing equal social and political rights for women. As part of the campaign, women from the cities were dispatched to rural regions to explain to the party's line on the role of women. By the late-1980s, women accounted for 47 percent of the labor force and about 30 percent of deputies to the People's Assembly. Women held responsible jobs at all levels of government and received equal pay in most jobs.

The union was headed until 1946 by Ollga Plumbi, in 1946-1952 by Nexhmije Hoxha, in 1952-1982 by Vito Kapo, and in 1990 by Lumturie Rexha, a member of the Central Committee of the Party of Labour of Albania.

The Union of Albanian Women was dissolved in 1992.

title: Union of Albanian Women


text:
Talk:The Score (album)

Removed
"The slow-groove style of the album was also copied by many other performers." This sentence is vague and amateurish; it's also repetitive since it directly follows sentences detailing the album's influence on other performers. "Slow-goove style" doesn't mean anything in music criticism unless its a personal POV description and even then it's not very good writing.

Akon on the album
The fu-gee-la remix on the end of the album features a young Akon singing at the end of the song. This was before he was jailed for armed robbery. --66.153.176.27 21:20, 14 August 2006 (UTC)Steven Gause

Samples
Many of the interlude/between track background samples on this album are from The Moody Blues' album Days of Future Passed - I've got both albums and when I get a spot of time I'll work out what goes where and put exact titles etc in this article. trolleymusic 06:17, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

Lyrics
I have added links to the lyrics of the songs at Lyriki, where I have created all the neccessary pages. Soon I hope to add the lyrics of the last song "Mista, Mista". For all fans of Fugees :-))) Danko Georgiev MD 06:25, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Dubious References
Article cites Ann Powers of Rolling Stone, supposedly references the corresponding article in RS, but in fact links to a site called "My Music" that is a compendium of quotes about the album that doesn't mention Ann Powers. Lots of other reviews seem to be "cited" the same way. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.28.82.18 (talk) 18:48, 26 August 2010 (UTC)

The Ann Powers quote came from the original Rolling Stone review from 1996 (which was on their official website). However, they re-did their page lay-out after the quote was put on this page, thus, the mymusic link (which although doesn't have the full review, has the original rating). Hopefully that clears that up for you. In regards to your "Lots of other reviews seem to be "cited" the same way" - I personally don't see the other reviews as an issue, as the cite accurately backs up the ratings and quotes which are listed in the Reception section. --Blastmaster11 (talk) 21:54, 26 August 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
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Claimed sales
Currently, this title has been discussed at the List of best-selling albums with having "inflated sales" according to many users, including myself. To avoid unnecessary edit war, I do prefer to notify this future action of sales changes, as a previous user in the past (few month/weeks ago) disregarded this action in this same article. While there exists reliable references for the 22 million figure, there exists also others claiming 20 million for this title; which is closer to the commercial performance, and available both certifications and sales. There exists even, a possibility to change to 16-17 million if there is another available sources for that figure. --Apoxyomenus (talk) 04:01, 18 June 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 4 April 2023

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved (non-admin closure)  –  City Urbanism   🗩   🖉  11:17, 11 April 2023 (UTC)

The Score (Fugees album) → The Score (album) – WP:ALBUMDAB 162 etc. (talk) 07:29, 3 April 2023 (UTC) This is a contested technical request (permalink). Steel1943 (talk) 05:29, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * (This discussion thread initiated on WP:RMTR.) Steel1943  (talk) 05:29, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * There's The Score – An Epic Journey, 2005 album by Epica (band). When in doubt, disambiguate fully. No such user (talk) 09:12, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Ah, I had missed that one. I'll note however that the article is poorly sourced, may not meet WP:NALBUM, and could likely be merged to Joyride (2005 film). 162 etc. (talk) 17:12, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
 * I've just merged it. 162 etc. (talk) 17:16, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Conflict of interest - cannot just delete articles like that. Restore and full RM. In ictu oculi (talk) 18:21, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Unless 162 has some kind of personal stake in this move, which seems highly unlikely, there is no "conflict of interest". They performed a bold merge which you are free to revert as per BRD. Lennart97 (talk) 18:38, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Ping participants. Steel1943  (talk) 05:29, 4 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Support required a RM, but in this case deserves support. In ictu oculi (talk) 12:55, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Support. I guess this mainly depends on whether anyone wants to contest the merge of the other article. To me it looks like a reasonable merge. Adumbrativus (talk) 12:25, 5 April 2023 (UTC)
 * Support as this is the only Wikipedia article about an album with this title so it seems rather straight-forward to me. Aoba47 (talk) 00:41, 8 April 2023 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

title: Talk:The Score (album)


text:
Canovaccio

A canovaccio is a scenario used by commedia dell'arte players. It consisted only of a list of acts and scenes; the details were left to the improvisation of the actors. Actors in the commedia dell'arte thus had to be endowed with an inventive mind since the success of the play depended largely on their creativity and above all on their lazzi (jokes and gags). The spotlight fell on the actors rather than on the play itself.

The use of improvisation on top of canovaccio enabled the avoidance of censorship because censors cannot censor that which is not written. Since the dialogue was almost entirely improvised on stage, actors and theatre companies could get away with almost anything.

In the late 19th century scholars began searching for documentary sources on the history of the theatre in Italy. Over a thousand documents in manuscript or print were discovered that consisted of canovacci in numerous collections or individually, and usually anonymous.

title: Canovaccio


text:
UC Davis College of Letters and Science

The College of Letters and Science is the largest college within the University of California, Davis.

In 1959, UC Davis was designated a comprehensive general campus. The College of Letters and Science achieved independent status, becoming a full-fledged college in 1951. Initially composed of 14 majors and 70 faculty members, the College of Letters and Science now has over 14,000 undergraduate students, 1,500 graduate students, 100,000 alumni, and 900 faculty, and offers more than 53 majors and 60 minors. The College of Letters and Science has over 55 departments and programs, 14 centers, labs, and museums, and received over 33 million dollars in research awards (2017–18).

title: UC Davis College of Letters and Science


text:
Subrata Roy

Subrata Roy (10 June 1948 – 14 November 2023) was an Indian businessman who founded the business conglomerate Sahara India Pariwar in 1978.

Sahara India Pariwar operated a vast number of businesses, such as Aamby Valley City, Sahara Movie Studios, Air Sahara, Uttar Pradesh Wizards, and Filmy, among others.

Roy was named the tenth-most influential Indian businessman in 2012 by India Today. In 2004, the Sahara group was termed by Time magazine as "the second largest employer in India after Indian Railways". Sahara operates through more than 5,000 establishments across India and has a workforce of around 1.2 million (field and office) under the Sahara India umbrella.

Early life
Subrata Roy was born into a Bengali Hindu family in Araria on 10 June 1948 to Sudhir Chandra Roy and Chhabi Roy. His father and mother came from Dhaka, Bikrampur, East Bengal (now Bangladesh) from a rich landlord family named Bhagyakul Zamindar.

Roy studied at Holy Child Institute in Kolkata and later studied mechanical engineering at Government Technical Institute, Gorakhpur. Roy started his first business in Gorakhpur.

Business career
Roy joined Sahara Finance, a struggling company, in 1976, that ran a chit fund and took it over. He changed its financial model in 1978. Sahara is said to have used the financial model of much older Peerless Group. They are termed residuary non-banking companies (RNBCs) that accept deposits of very low amounts.

In the 1990s, Roy moved to Lucknow which became the base of his group. From there, it went on to become the largest conglomerate of India with a diversified range of business interests. The company now has interests in financial services, education, real estate, media, entertainment, tourism, healthcare, and hospitality.

The Hindi language newspaper Rashtriya Sahara was started in 1992. In the late 1990s, the ambitious Aamby Valley City project near Pune was initiated. In 2000, Sahara TV was launched which was later renamed Sahara One. In 2003, Sahara started three weeklies: Sahara Time (English), Sahara Samay (Hindi), and Sahara Aalmi (Urdu).

In 2010, Sahara purchased the iconic Grosvenor House Hotel in London, and then in 2012 the historic Plaza Hotel and Dream Downtown Hotel in New York City.

Sahara has a workforce of around 1.2 million including salaried employees, consultants, field workers, agents, and business associates, etc. In 2004, Sahara group was termed by Time magazine as "the second-largest employer in India" after the Government-run Indian Railways.

Sahara is said to have nine crore plus investors and depositors, representing about 13% of all households in India.

Roy was planning to foray into online education (Edunguru) in India, which was targeted at small towns and villages. He put a team in place which consists of members from top universities and colleges across India, and even abroad. The route map of the program was prepared, and 14,000 hours of lectures were developed for this.

In June 2019, Roy announced his foray into the automobile sector under the brand name 'Sahara Evols'. The Sahara Evols venture is offering a wide range of electric vehicles (EVs) along with advanced allied services.

Legal issues
On 26 February 2014, the Supreme Court of India ordered the detention of Roy for failing to appear before it in connection with legal dispute with Market Regulator – SEBI. In a statement after the arrest, his lawyer said Roy's 92-year-old mother was in poor health and needed "her eldest son" by her side, and hence he failed to appear at the court. As he failed to appear in the court during the ongoing legal battle, Roy was held in custody in the Tihar Jail, Delhi and was out on parole since May 2016. Sahara was allowed to sell a part of its assets in India to raise part of the money in question.

Roy rejected allegations of misconduct and accused the Indian National Congress of a witch hunt due to his opposition to Sonia Gandhi becoming the country's prime minister.

Initially he was granted interim bail by the Supreme Court on 26 March 2014 on condition of depositing ₹10000 crore to the market regulator SEBI. His deposit of ₹10,000 crore was not made. As of August 2014, Roy was trying to sell some of his hotel properties to raise enough money. Roy was granted his first bail in May 2017 for four weeks to perform the last rites for his deceased mother, later extended to 24 October. From that time on he was successful in getting his bail extended on various grounds. As of 31 January 2019, Sahara still had to pay ₹10,621 crore to meet its total liability.

Roy claimed that the company's fundamentals were intact and assets were greater (3 to 5 times) than the liabilities. Sahara also deposited ₹22,500 crores, of which it has been surmised will in due course of justice come back to Sahara India as it has already repaid 95% of its investors.

The Securities And Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has repaid only ₹64 crore to the investors since 2012. It has also been reported that Sahara has paid ₹725.97 crore as TDS (tax deducted at source) to the Income Tax Departments on the interest which along with investment was repaid to 95 percent of the investors, between 2009–2010 and 2012–2013. The income tax authorities had found that the beneficiary investors were existent and accordingly confirmed the repayments made in those particular years. One of Sahara's arguments in the apex court revolves around the fact that if one government body has found investors, why the other cannot do so.

On 28 August 2020, two petitions were filed against the release of the Netflix documentary Bad Boy Billionaires: India in the Bihar District Court. The Bihar Court passed an interim stay order on the petition filed by Roy against the release of the documentary on the Netflix platform. Following the stay order by the Bihar court, Netflix threatened to move the Supreme Court against the court order for restraining the documentary release.

On 5 October 2020, Netflix released three out of four films in the anthology, including those featuring Vijay Mallya ("The King of Good Times"), Nirav Modi ("Diamonds Aren't Forever"), and Subrata Roy ("The World's Biggest Family"), while the final episode about Ramalinga Raju remained encumbered by legal injunctions and as of December 2020 has yet to be released.

Humanitarian efforts
In 2013, Sahara contributed to the relief efforts in flood hit Uttarakhand region wherein one lakh bottles of drinking water, packaged juice and food packets along with candles and match boxes were said to be provided by them. There were 25 medical health unit vans equipped with doctors and free medicines made available and it was said by the group that, they will contribute to the rehabilitation programme by constructing 10,000 pre-fabricated houses.

After the Kargil War, Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee praised Sahara India for providing financial support to the 127 families of martyrs.

Hotel Sahara Star in Mumbai partnered with Feeding India in 2021. As a part of its CSR initiatives, the hotel provides food to hungry people.

Death
Roy died due to cardiorespiratory arrest following an extended battle with complications arising from metastatic malignancy, hypertension and diabetes on 14 November 2023, at age 75. He had been admitted to Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute in Mumbai on 12 November following a decline in health.

Awards and honours
Roy received an honorary doctorate in business leadership from the University of East London in 2013, a Business Icon of the Year award at the Powerbrands Hall of Fame Awards in London in 2011 and was the ITA – TV Icon of the Year in 2007. He received the Global Leadership Award in 2004.

Roy was awarded a general jury award by the Indian Television Academy Awards and an honorary degree of D.Litt. by Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga.

Roy featured regularly in the India Today list of 50 Most Powerful People of India since 2003 and was named its tenth-most influential businessmen in 2012.

title: Subrata Roy


text:
Bob Layton

Bob Layton (born September 25, 1953) is an American comic book artist, writer, and editor. He is best known for his work on Marvel Comics titles such as Iron Man and Hercules, and for co-founding Valiant Comics with Jim Shooter.

Early life
Bob Layton was born on September 25, 1953. He learned to read comics from the age of four, explaining that his "older sister Sue became bored with reading the same comic to me about fifty times. (It was a Showcase featuring the Challengers of the Unknown.)"

After leaving high school, Layton began "playing comics dealer ... selling them out of his apartment in Indianapolis," through which he met Roger Stern in 1973, while the latter was working for a radio station in Indianapolis.

CPL
Layton and Stern began publishing a fanzine called CPL (Contemporary Pictorial Literature) out of Layton's apartment.

Stern recalls that, "CPL started out as Bob's sale catalog. Bob was drawing the covers and including little reviews written by some of his customers. By issue #5, it turned into a small 'zine with a catalog insert, and I started writing short articles for it. I eventually became an editor of sorts."

CPL rapidly became a popular fan publication, and led to the two forming an alliance with Charlton Comics to produce and publish "the now-famous Charlton Bullseye magazine." During the mid-1970s, both Marvel and DC were publishing in-house "fan" publications (F.O.O.M. and The Amazing World of DC Comics respectively), and Charlton wished to make inroads into the superhero market, as well as "establish a fan presence", leading to the alliance with CPL to produce the Charlton Bullseye. This led to Charlton giving Layton and Stern "access to unpublished material from their vaults by the likes of Steve Ditko, Jeff Jones and a host of others." This association with Charlton (and Bill Pearson, production manager) in turn led to Layton becoming acquainted with the legendary Wally Wood, with whom he apprenticed. This apprenticeship led to work for Charlton on anthology titles, but not working from the Charlton offices, Marvel Comics and DC Comics, while still publishing fanzines.

Marvel Comics and DC Comics
Layton's first, albeit uncredited, work for Marvel Comics was inking a single page in the Marvel UK title The Avengers and the Savage Sword of Conan #135 (April 17, 1976).

Part of Layton's role as Wally Wood's apprentice included him occasionally delivering artwork to "NYC from Connecticut." Layton recalls that:

"One day, I was in the Marvel offices ... handing in Woody's pages to the production dept. So, I used the opportunity to show my samples around while I had 'my foot in the door'. When I passed the art director's office, I heard John Romita on the phone, frantically trying to find someone to ink a desperately late issue of Iron Man [ by George Tuska ] . Like an idiot, I stuck my head in his doorway and said I could get the job done in the four or five days that was left on the schedule. It was an utter fabrication ... but I really wanted to work for Marvel Comics! Johnny gave me the pages and said, 'Show me what you can do, kiddo.'"

Layton's reaction was one of panic, and his search for help to meet the deadline led him to Dick Giordano and Neal Adams' Continuity Associates where his "fledgling contemporaries," the Crusty Bunkers ("Terry Austin, Bob Wiacek, Joe Rubinstein, Bob McLeod, Joe Brozowski, Carl Potts and a host of others") were able to lend a hand and help him finish the book.

A month later, Layton received a package containing "an entire issue of pencils on the Champions", and discovered that he was "the new regular inker on the book." He worked for Marvel "for about a year, then signed an exclusive one-year contract with DC — after they made me 'an offer I couldn't refuse'."

Layton began work for DC Comics in early 1977, taking up regular inking duties on All Star Comics, as well as inking multiple issues of Secret Society of Super Villains, DC Super Stars, and DC Special, among others. In Nov./Dec. 1977, he inked the first issue of David Michelinie's Star Hunters, and after a number of other shorter inking jobs, moved back to Marvel in 1978, to ultimately take up one of his best remembered roles.

In 1978, Layton reunited with Michelinie, to co-write Iron Man. The two would become regular creative partners, and began their collaboration on Iron Man with #116 (November 1978). Micheline and Layton established Tony Stark's alcoholism with the story "Demon in a Bottle", and introduced several supporting characters, including Stark's bodyguard girlfriend Bethany Cabe; Stark's personal pilot and confidant James Rhodes, who later became the superhero War Machine; and rival industrialist Justin Hammer, who was revealed to be the employer of numerous high-tech armed enemies Iron Man fought over the years. The duo introduced the concept of Stark's specialized armors The two collaborated on the title until #154 and then returned for a second run from #215 (Feb. 1987) to #250 (Dec 1989).

Layton continued to ink and work on covers for titles such as The Incredible Hulk, Captain America, Power Man and Iron Fist, and Micronauts. In September 1982, he launched one of Marvel's first limited series, writing and drawing the four-issue Hercules: Prince of Power. Its success spawned a four-issue sequel in 1984 and a 1988 graphic novel (#37 in the "Marvel Graphic Novel" series) - Full Circle. Around this time, he designed the highly successful Marvel Secret Wars toy line for Mattel, which formed the impetus behind the 1984 Secret Wars event. Layton was one of the inkers on The Amazing Spider-Man Annual #18 (1984) which featured the wedding of Spider-Man supporting characters J. Jonah Jameson and Marla Madison in a story written by Stan Lee.

In February 1986, Layton revived the original X-Men characters in the series X-Factor, which he wrote and Jackson Guice drew. Layton wrote the first five issues before handing over the series to Louise Simonson. Michelinie and Layton became the creative team on Iron Man once again in issue #215 (Feb. 1987) They crafted the "Armor Wars" storyline which ran from #225 (Dec. 1987) through #231 (June 1988). After Michelinie and Layton finished their second Iron Man run with issue #250, Layton returned to the title briefly to write and draw #254 and write #256 before leaving Marvel. A year later, he returned to the comics industry to ink Jim Shooter's Magnus, Robot Fighter #1, from Valiant Comics.

Valiant Comics
Bob Layton was one of the chief architects of the Valiant Universe, along with Jim Shooter, Barry Windsor-Smith, Steven J. Massarsky, and Jon Hartz. He co-created a number of the core characters including X-O Manowar, and later became Editor-in-Chief and Senior Vice President, during which time he controlled the company during its most profitable period.

His first Valiant work appeared in Magnus, Robot Fighter #1 (May 1991), in which he inked Art Nichols' artwork from Jim Shooter's script. He would continue with Magnus for five issues and produce covers to issue #9, while inking the inaugural issues of Solar, Man of the Atom, which he edited. In February 1992, he co-created with Shooter and Steve Englehart and penciled the first issue of X-O Manowar, after which he handed over the core art duties to Sal Velluto, but provided inks for #2. The following month he drew the cover to David Michelinie's Rai.

In August 1992, he co-wrote, edited and inked Archer & Armstrong #1, edited and provided pencilwork on Eternal Warrior #1, and inked Barry Windsor-Smith on Unity #0. Starting in November 1992, he co-edited with Dark Horse publisher Mike Richardson the Predator/Magnus, Robot Fighter two-issue crossover, and in December was again inking and editing a Michelinie-written comic book series: H.A.R.D. Corps. Layton edited Turok, Dinosaur Hunter, Deathmate and Secret Weapons before writing the first of thirteen issues of The Second Life of Doctor Mirage. He was editing a vast array of titles during this time, for which he won the Editor of the Year award in 1993, as voted by the readers of the comics magazine, Wizard.

His workload decreased greatly towards the end of 1994, in large part due to the sale of Valiant (Voyager Communications, Inc.) to video game giant Acclaim Entertainment for $65,000,000.00 USD, a deal in which Layton played an instrumental part. His story concepts and design work on Turok, Dinosaur Hunter was utilized to great effect by Acclaim when the video game became the largest selling title in Acclaim's history, with over 1.5 million units sold. He continued to work editorially, largely for the new Acclaim imprint Armada Comics, for which he edited a number of Magic: The Gathering comics during 1995-96. He edited Bob Hall's four-issue Armed & Dangerous (April–July 1996), and returned to X-O Manowar for which he wrote the final three issues.

After a several-year association with Valiant/Acclaim, Layton moved to Florida for a short retirement. Although he found time to write the first eleven (of twelve) issues of Acclaim's Doctor Tomorrow between 1997 and 1998, inking a couple of issues, notably #6 which was drawn by Dick Giordano, who resided in Florida as well and was something of a mentor to Layton.

Return to DC and Marvel
In 1998, he returned to DC, re-teaming briefly with penciler Sal Velluto on a story in September 1998's The New Gods Secret Files and Origins, before collabotaring with his fellow Floridian and artistic friend/mentor Dick Giordano on several projects. The two-issue prestige format Elseworlds tale Batman: Dark Knight of the Round Table was co-drawn and co-inked by the both of them, from a script by Layton and debuted a month after their six-issue mini-series The L.A.W. (Living Assault Weapons), which ran from September 1999 to February 2000, with script and inks by Layton, and full pencils by Giordano. The two wrote a second Batman Elseworlds tale, Batman: Hollywood Knight a three-issue mini-series which told the story of a Serials-actor who became convinced he was The Batman. It was written by Layton with pencils and inks by Giordano.

Between Elseworlds, Layton worked with Marvel Comics on an Iron Man reunion, which saw him produce the four-part limited series Iron Man: Bad Blood with his long-term collaborator David Michelinie. The series ran from September to December 2000, with art by Layton and, as previously, the plot was a joint effort, and the final script by Michelinie. Layton then stayed at Marvel for a short time, teaming with Dan Jurgens as inker on Captain America (#38-50), as well as inking a short run on The Avengers (#44-47). He inked the Dan Jurgens-drawn The Power Company: Manhunter and part of Just Imagine Stan Lee ... Secret Files and Origins for DC in March 2002.

2000s
In December 2000, Layton launched Future Comics, with Dick Giordano, Allen Berrebbi, and David Michelinie. Layton acted as editor-in-chief, Berrebbi was CFO and director of marketing, Michelinie was head writer, Giordano was art director, and Skip Farrell was the publisher. Between 2000 and 2002, they prepared to revolutionize the direct market system by bypassing distributors and selling direct to customers and shops through the Internet.

In August 2002, Freemind #0 was released. Edited and inked by Layton, written by Layton and Michelinie, and with pencils by Giordano, it was followed by another title, Metallix, before the company bowed to pressure and signed with distributor Diamond Comics Distribution in an attempt to maximize sales while maintaining their independent approach. Ultimately, after three titles the third was Deathmask, and seventeen total issues, the company was not making enough money to survive, and it folded, with one announced title — Peacekeeper — unpublished.

Layton's work continues to be collected in multiple trade paperback collections. In 2006, he produced a number of variant covers to issues of Superverse Comics' Zoom Suit, written by John Taddeo, and in 2007 his work was featured in issues of Marvel's encyclopedic All-New Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z: Update. Layton worked for Marvel as a freelance artist and writer on several projects including the miniseries Iron Man: Legacy of Doom and Iron Man: The End.

He continues to enjoy doing commission work, writing:

"How often do you, as an artist, get an opportunity to revisit a drawing and correct your mistakes? It's also a lot less work that doing a monthly, 22-page comic. And occasionally, the fans come up with some great concepts fore [sic] me to execute."

Layton has been quoted as saying that he "miss[es] telling stories," and to that end has showcased unpublished issues of Future Comics properties on his website, where he presented his serialized comic" Colony, with art by Giordano, and which "is a project that [Layton has] been developing for [over] 10 years and is currently making the rounds in Hollywood." Other potential film deals for the Future Comics characters are reportedly semi-ongoing.

Selected bibliography
Comics work includes:

DC Comics

 * Adventure Comics #458 (1978)
 * All Star Comics #66-72 (1977–1978)
 * Batman Family #18-20 (Huntress) (1978)
 * Batman: Dark Knight of the Round Table #1-2 (1998–1999)
 * Batman: Hollywood Knight #1-3 (2001)
 * Claw the Unconquered #9, 12 (1976–1978)
 * DC Special #28-29 (1977)
 * DC Super Stars #14, 16-18 (1977–1978)
 * Hercules Unbound #9-10 (1977)
 * House of Mystery #259, 287 (1978–1980)
 * Just Imagine Stan Lee ... Secret Files and Origins #1 (2002)
 * L.A.W. (Living Assault Weapons) #1-6 (1999–2000)
 * Legends of the DC Universe 80-Page Giant #2 (2000)
 * New Gods Secret Files #1 (1998)
 * Power Company Manhunter #1 (2002)
 * Secret Society of Super Villains #6-8 (1977)
 * Star Hunters #1-5 (1977–1978)
 * Superboy #222, 233 (1976–1977)
 * The Superman Family #182 (1977)
 * The Unexpected #191 (1979)
 * World's Finest Comics #251 (Green Arrow) (1978)

Marvel Comics

 * The Amazing Spider-Man #240, 262, 277, 282-283, Annual #18 (1983–1986)
 * The Avengers vol. 3 #44-47 (2001)
 * Avengers Annual #16 (1987)
 * Captain America vol. 3 #38-48, 50 (2001–2002)
 * Champions #9, 11-13 (1976–1977)
 * Ghost Rider #31 (1978)
 * Hercules #1-4 (1982)
 * Hercules vol. 2 #1-4 (1984)
 * Hercules, Prince of Power: Full Circle graphic novel (1988)
 * Heroes for Hope Starring the X-Men #1 (1985)
 * Hulk vs. Hercules: When Titans Collide #1 (2008)
 * The Incredible Hulk #230, Annual #7 (1978)
 * Iron Man #91 (1976); #116-128, 130-135, 137-153 (1978–1981); #215-244, 246-250, 254, 256, Annual #9 (1987–1990)
 * Iron Man vol. 3 #25 (2000)
 * Iron Man: Bad Blood #1-4 (2000)
 * Iron Man: Legacy of Doom #1-4 (2008)
 * John Carter, Warlord of Mars #17 (1978)
 * Marvel Comics Presents #11, 39-41 (1989–1990)
 * Marvel Premiere #47-48 (Ant Man) (1979)
 * Marvel Super-Heroes Secret Wars #4-5 (1984)
 * Marvel Tales #197 (Hercules backup story) (1987)
 * Marvel Treasury Edition #28 (Superman and Spider-Man) (1981)
 * The Order #4 (2002)
 * Rom #59, 72 (1984–1985)
 * Shadows & Light #3 (1998)
 * Solo Avengers #4, 7, 11 (1988)
 * The Spectacular Spider-Man #130 (1987)
 * Star Wars #78 (1983)
 * The Thing #23 (1985)
 * Thor #292, 356, Annual #14 (1980–1989)
 * Web of Spider-Man #6, 28 (1985–1987)
 * What If ... ? #33 (Iron Man) (1982)
 * X-Factor #1-5, Annual #1 (1986)
 * X-Men #105 (1977)

title: Bob Layton


text:
Canto

The canto is a principal form of division in medieval and modern long poetry.

Etymology and equivalent terms
The word canto is derived from the Italian word for "song" or "singing", which comes from the Latin cantus, "song", from the infinitive verb canere, "to sing".

In Old Saxon poetry, Old English poetry, and Middle English poetry, the term fitt was sometimes used to denote a section of a long narrative poem, and that term is sometimes used in modern scholarship of this material instead of canto.

Form and use
The use of the canto was described in the 1911 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica as "a convenient division when poetry was more usually sung by the minstrel to his own accompaniment than read". There is no specific format, construction or style for a canto and it is not limited to any one type of poetry.

The typical length of a canto varies greatly from one poem to another. The average canto in the Divine Comedy is 142 lines long, while the average canto in Os Lusíadas is 882 lines long.

Examples
Some famous poems that employ the canto division are Ezra Pound's The Cantos (116 cantos), Dante's Divine Comedy (with 100 cantos ), Sri Aurobindo's Savitri (49 cantos), Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso (46 cantos), Torquato Tasso's Gerusalemme liberata (20 cantos), Byron's Don Juan (17 cantos, the last of which is unfinished) and Camões' Os Lusíadas (10 cantos).

title: Canto


text:
United States congressional delegations from New Mexico

These are tables of congressional delegations from New Mexico to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate.

The deans of the New Mexico delegation are Senators Martin Heinrich and Ben Ray Luján, both having served in Congress since January 3, 2009. Heinrich has served in the Senate since 2013, and Luján since 2021. Both previously served in the House representing the 1st and 3rd districts respectively.

Current members of the House
List of members of the United States House of Representatives, their terms in office, district boundaries, and the district political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has a total of 3 members, all 3 Democrats.


text:
User talk:Tejaaa

Hi My name is Tejas Patel and I am a technology enthusiastic. New to Wikipeida at this stage. I am a blogger and you can check my blog at .More about me Later.

title: User talk:Tejaaa


text:
1994–95 United States network television schedule

The following is the 1994–95 network television schedule for the six major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 1994 through August 1995. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 1993–94 season. All times are Eastern and Pacific, with certain exceptions, such as Monday Night Football. This was the first season to feature the United Paramount Network and The WB Television Network, as both launched in January 1995. Both networks would ultimately shutdown and merge to form The CW in September 2006.

New series highlighted in bold.

Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating in parentheses (#rank / rating), as determined by Nielsen Media Research.

 * Yellow indicates the programs in the top 10 for the season.
 * Cyan indicates the programs in the top 20 for the season.
 * Magenta indicates the programs in the top 30 for the season.

Other Legend
 * Light blue indicates local programming.
 * Gray indicates encore programming.
 * Blue-gray indicates news programming.
 * Light green indicates sporting events.
 * Light Purple indicates movies.
 * Red indicates series being burned off and other scheduled programs, including specials.

PBS is not included; member stations have local flexibility over most of their schedules and broadcast times for network shows may vary.

Sunday
NOTE: The Great Defender aired its pilot episode on FOX at 7pm ET on March 5, 1995. FOX cancelled the show before the 2nd episode aired. Episodes already made before being cancelled aired on Mondays in the summer.

Monday
(*) UPN premiered the first episode of Star Trek: Voyager, following with the network's Monday night comedies (Platypus Man and Pig Sty) a week later.

Wednesday
(*) The WB premiered a New Comedy Wednesday Line-Up

NOTE: On NBC, Now with Tom Brokaw and Katie Couric was supposed to air Wednesdays 9:00-10:00 p.m., but the program was converted into Dateline NBC before the second season could air.

ABC

 * Returning series
 * 20/20
 * ABC's Monday Night Football
 * The ABC Monday Night Movie
 * ABC Saturday Night Movie
 * The ABC Sunday Night Movie
 * ABC Thursday Night Movie
 * America's Funniest Home Videos
 * Baseball Night in America
 * Boy Meets World
 * Coach
 * The Commish
 * Day One
 * Ellen
 * Family Matters
 * Full House
 * Grace Under Fire
 * Hangin' with Mr. Cooper
 * Home Improvement
 * Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman
 * Matlock
 * NYPD Blue
 * Primetime Live
 * Roseanne
 * Sister, Sister
 * Step by Step
 * Thunder Alley
 * Turning Point

 * New series
 * ABC Family Movie
 * All-American Girl
 * Blue Skies
 * Bringing up Jack *
 * Extreme *
 * The Marshal *
 * McKenna
 * Me and the Boys
 * My So-Called Life
 * On Our Own
 * A Whole New Ballgame *

Not returning from 1993–94:
 * America's Funniest People
 * Birdland
 * The Byrds of Paradise
 * The Critic (moved to Fox)
 * Dinosaurs
 * FBI: The Untold Stories
 * George
 * Joe's Life
 * Missing Persons
 * Moon Over Miami
 * The Paula Poundstone Show
 * Phenom
 * She TV
 * Thea
 * Where I Live

CBS

 * Returning series
 * 48 Hours
 * 60 Minutes
 * Burke's Law
 * CBS Sunday Movie
 * Christy
 * Dave's World
 * Diagnosis: Murder
 * Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman
 * Eye to Eye with Connie Chung
 * Hearts Afire
 * Love & War
 * Muddling Through
 * Murder, She Wrote
 * Murphy Brown
 * The Nanny
 * Northern Exposure
 * Picket Fences
 * Rescue 911
 * Walker, Texas Ranger

 * New series
 * The Boys Are Back
 * Chicago Hope
 * Cybill *
 * Daddy's Girls
 * Double Rush *
 * Due South
 * The 5 Mrs. Buchanans
 * The George Wendt Show *
 * The Office *
 * Touched by an Angel
 * Under One Roof *
 * Under Suspicion
 * Women of the House *
 * The Wright Verdicts *

Not returning from 1993–94:
 * 704 Hauser
 * America Tonight
 * Angel Falls
 * Family Album
 * Good Advice
 * Harts of the West
 * Hotel Malibu
 * It Had to Be You
 * One West Waikiki
 * The Road Home
 * Second Chances
 * South of Sunset
 * Tom
 * Traps

Fox

 * Returning series
 * America's Most Wanted
 * Beverly Hills, 90210
 * Cops
 * The Critic (moved from ABC)
 * Encounters: The Hidden Truth
 * Fox Tuesday Night Movie
 * The George Carlin Show
 * Living Single
 * Married... with Children
 * Martin
 * Melrose Place
 * Models Inc.
 * The Simpsons
 * The X-Files

 * New series
 * Dream On * (Originally aired on HBO)
 * Fortune Hunter
 * Get Smart *
 * The Great Defender *
 * Hardball
 * House of Buggin' *
 * M.A.N.T.I.S.
 * Medicine Ball *
 * My Wildest Dreams *
 * New York Undercover
 * Party of Five
 * Sliders *
 * VR.5 *
 * Wild Oats

Not returning from 1993–94:
 * The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.
 * Bakersfield P.D.
 * Code 3
 * Comic Strip Live
 * Daddy Dearest
 * The Front Page
 * Herman's Head
 * In Living Color
 * Monty
 * Roc
 * The Sinbad Show
 * South Central
 * Townsend Television

NBC

 * Returning series
 * Blossom
 * Dateline NBC
 * Empty Nest
 * Frasier
 * The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
 * Homicide: Life on the Street
 * The John Larroquette Show
 * Law & Order
 * Mad About You
 * The Mommies
 * NBC Sunday Night Movie
 * The NBC Monday Movie
 * seaQuest DSV
 * Seinfeld
 * Sisters
 * Unsolved Mysteries
 * Wings

 * New series
 * Amazing Grace *
 * The Cosby Mysteries
 * Earth 2
 * ER
 * Friends
 * High Sierra Search and Rescue *
 * Hope & Gloria *
 * In the House *
 * Madman of the People
 * The Martin Short Show
 * NewsRadio
 * Pride & Joy *
 * Something Wilder
 * Sweet Justice
 * Time Life's Lost Civilizations *

Not returning from 1993–94:
 * Against the Grain
 * Café Americain
 * Getting By
 * The Good Life
 * I Witness Video
 * L.A. Law
 * Nurses
 * Now with Tom Brokaw and Katie Couric
 * Saved by the Bell: The College Years
 * The Second Half
 * Someone Like Me
 * Viper
 * Winnetka Road

UPN

 * Legend
 * Marker
 * Pig Sty
 * Platypus Man
 * Star Trek: Voyager
 * The Watcher

The WB

 * Muscle
 * The Parent 'Hood
 * Unhappily Ever After
 * The Wayans Bros.

Note: The * indicates that the program was introduced in midseason.


text:
Talk:Ajatar

Comment
This is part of Finnish legend according to Google. --Diberri | Talk 00:34, Aug 12, 2004 (UTC)

Factual accuracy
Oh, come on! There is no tundra in Finland. There are no dragons in Finnish mythology I am aware of. The whole article (and the whole Finnish mythology section, BTW) requires major overhaul. And finally, where are the sources?--JyriL talk 20:55, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

 * I've added a reference and removed the disputed tag. --Nintirtu 09:50, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

I corrected the false etymology.

Could it not be possible that "Ajatar" refers to Finnish word "aika", which is Finnish for "time". "Ajatar" would then mean "mistress of time" or closer to a meaning "mistress of destiny". This is what I have always believed. Besides Finnish would not have the form "Ajattar" with a double consonant if it derives from the words "ajaa" or "aika". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.94.177.253 (talk) 09:02, 3 March 2008 (UTC)
 * What I thought, though I don't know enough about old Finnish to say that. --88.193.191.198 (talk) 17:26, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

On the contrary, the geminate form fits even better to the theory of the name coming from ajattaa. The form Ajattara seems to point to that direction too. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.156.206.49 (talk) 23:16, 19 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ajatar


text:
Talk:Machete

Untitled
The claim about the Nigerian Armed Forces strikes me as rather improbable. At Talk:Nigeria I have asked if anyone can confirm or deny it. Securiger 00:38, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

OK, I have moved this from the article:
 * The Nigerian Armed Forces have been reviewing the possibility of using the Machete as their standard weapon in their new conscript army of 5,000,000 troops.

I can find no support for it anywhere, it sounds like someone denigrating Nigeria (which actually has a pretty well equipped army for Equatorial Africa), and this, if true, would represent a nearly ten-fold increase in the size of the Army. In short, I think it's bogus. Securiger 17:14, 6 Oct 2004 (UTC)

It's almost certain that the Nigerian armed forces mention is garbage. And neither I nor my friends in Nigeria can find any reference to any news articles about machetes as armaments for the Nigerian military, nor any references to a 'new conscript army' being raised by the government. Rjhatl 16:35, 10 December 2004 (EST)

Yes, I totally agree with removing taht statement. As a matter of fact I believe thay us FN FALs. King Toast —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.128.253.170 (talk) 16:39, 25 November 2007 (UTC)

Nothing on Rwanda
In use as a weapon? Machetes where the prime weapon of the militias during the 1994 genocide. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.253.98.250 (talk) 15:53, 1 March 2010 (UTC)

use on wood
the lack of a primary grind makes the machete much less effective on woody vegetation

I've seen a man convert a large dry tree branch to an almost perfectly squared block of wook with a well sharpened blade...

The standard I know is, if you can shave with it, it's sharp enough Guettarda 22:08, 19 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * It's not a question of sharpness. Because it lacks a primary grind (i.e. the faces of the blade are parallel, except for the actual edge), it tends to bind up if it bites deep into wood. If the wood isn't too thick, you will get away without it jamming, but it will still be harder work. If the wood is thick, pretty often it will jam fast and you will have to rock it back and forth a few times to lever it out. If you're working all day doing this, I don't doubt you'd soon prefer a blade profile more appropriate for woody vegetation. Securiger 09:17, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the clarification - I suppose I didn't read the article properly. But I still maintain that if you know what you are doing you can cut a 6-8" tree with a cutlass/machete.  As for the issue of bite, it's a matter of keeping the strokes slightly angled to the stem - thus, taking out wedges with each pair of blows.  Sharpness is important for this - and yes, of course, you are going to throw a few blows too perpendicular and have to work the blade back out.  I wouldn't want to have to cut down a large tree with a blade (or with a hand-axe, for that matter). Guettarda 13:39, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I removed that sentence as it is misleading. Not all machetes lack a primary grind, just the low price ones. My first good quality machete (the sawback at the bottom of this page has a primary grind and is quite good at chopping wood. In fact in my experience, it out-cuts a bush axe (without a primary grind) more than twice it's weight and size, both tools sharpened with the same carbide V sharpener.--Knife Knut 03:11, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Weapon
I got hit on the head recently by one of these things. Sharp blade. Ouch! See Talk:Security situation in Honduras. --SqueakBox 18:05, Feb 19, 2005 (UTC)

Pronounciation
I don't think the offered IPA pronounciation: is correct, I believe it is an anglicized pronounciation. In languages from where the word originates it is supposed to be pronounciated. Now, for the sake of correctness, I advise putting the original pronounciation, for what's the purpose of it otherwise? People can figure out an anglicized one for themselves when reading the text in English...

Origin of the word
I recently heard a theory stating that the word is derived from the phrase "Made in Manchester". The story goes that a group of Spanish-speaking workers who used the blades as an everyday tool eventually started referring to them as "machete"s (a hasty prounciation of the name "Manchester") because of this common country of origin inscription. Does anyone know any details regarding the word's origin or have an alternate explanation for it? White Agent 16:54, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

Update: Another explanation is that the word is derived from "macho", a word for "club" in Spanish, and "mattea", as in "war club" or "mace" in Latin. White Agent 20:31, 27 February 2006 (UTC)

In the English language, an equivalent term is matchet (though the name 'machete' enjoys greater currency). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.8.204.39 (talk) 22:22, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

There are a number of Scottish and English surnames now numerous in Ulster most of which, though not sufficiently well established to be classed as 'principal names' in the so-called census of 1659, were already to be found in the province at that time. A few of them indeed occur transiently in medieval Irish records, and the name MATCHETT was one of these names, originally from England. The name is also found in the Orkney and Shetland islands, and was formerly used as a given name there; it has been supposed to derive from a Scandinavian form of Mathew, and means 'gracious gift of Jehovah'. It was an exceedingly popular font name during the 11th and 12th Centuries. This given name was of biblical origin, ultimately from the Hebrew male font name Matityahu, recorded in the Greek New Testament in the form Matthias. The name is also spelt MADGETT, MATCHET and MATCHITT. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.8.204.39 (talk) 22:20, 29 November 2007 (UTC)

Movie references
There are four movies titled "Machete". The first is an American movie that came out in 1958 (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0051886/), the second is a Filipino movie that came out in 1990 (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0402352/) with a sequel four years later (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0140345/) and the fourth is a Mexican film due out this year (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0808359/). There's also the 1969 movie "La primera carga al machete" (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0064841/) and 1981's "Machete Maidens of Mora Tao" (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0198677/) and last year's "El Malefico Dr. Machete" (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0497799/). Doberdog 10:05, 24 August 2006 (UTC)Doberdog

Trivia Audit
∴ Wa lk er aj 03:50, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

wrong length or wrong label
"The Brazilian Army's Instruction Center on Jungle Warfare developed a 10-inch blade machete with a very pronounced clip point. In the same scabbard there's a 5-inch blade Bowie knife and a sharpening stone. This called "jungle kit" (in Portuguese, Conjunto de Selva) is made by Indústria de Material Bélico do Brasil (IMBEL)[2]." A ten inch blade is a knife, not a machete, and a knife with a 5 inch blade is not a bowie knife. Not every clip-pointed knife is a bowie knife. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.35.205.164 (talk) 23:57, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

Two points
What kind of source is there for the 20-24 inch range as being 'average'? Most which are not only for sale, but in use seem to be a good bit smaller, averaging 16-18. Although some are as long as two feet, they are the exception. Maybe a wider range is more appropriate for the description, since it would seem silly to classify any other style of bladed tool within four inches.

 * I changed the range to (about) 13-24 inches, The majority of machete I've seen are about 16 inch, and unless this is completely wrong, and every machete I've seen isn't a machete, unless it's almost two feet, you can change it back.'''Aryeonos''' (talk) 02:22, 16 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Most of the main companies that manufacture machetes, such as Truper, Tramontina, Bellota, Collins (Legimitus and Nicholson) among others, manufacture their machetes within the range of 13 to 26 inches, in specific models reaching 28 inches in models such as the Acapulqueño or Caguayano. Furthermore, the average length of the blades of machetes where their use is common (Latin America) is 18 to 22 inches, with 18-inch blades being considered relatively short and 22-inch blades being considered average. The length of the blade also depends on the task, for agricultural work such as cutting cane they usually use 14" or 28" machetes, for charreria they use blades of no less than 26 inches, although there were 28 and 30 inch models that were manufactured. CH for that specific purpose. FernndEspinoza (talk) 11:53, 17 January 2024 (UTC)

Also, I'm kind of surprised this article makes no mention of the plethora of modern mass-produced stainless steel machetes which are marketed for various uses (or just curios) to people in non-tropical climates. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.45.27.76 (talk) 19:55, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

Popular Culture
First off, why is a flag considered popular culture? Shouldn't it be more like a symbol or something important. Secondly, in The Book of Eli, his "machete" is more of a parang, or an over sized Kukri. It could possibly even be a sword. Halofanatic333 (talk) 13:28, 10 March 2010 (UTC)

The Machete
The Machete is not a full gender of utensils as reported here. The Machete is a tool created by Puerto Ricans with the intention of harvesting the cane, a replacement of the ax before used for that purpose for being too heavy and having to bend to use it. The Machete is flat, wide and curved. All these utensils have their own name and are not Machetes! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.48.212.129 (talk) 12:10, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

Latin American and Caribbean centric
Machetes are common in the United States. Used for self defense, outdoor activities like camping, hunting and so forth. They are issued to our Military and so forth. This article just goes on about the cultural and historical contexts of Machete like tools used in Latin and Caribbean Nations with brief mentions of Asian and African variants.

This article is borderline culturally biased. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.217.43.133 (talk) 20:49, 29 December 2012 (UTC)

Martial Arts Using Machetes
So I heard that there is at least one martial art specifically using the machete. Anyone know what it is? Also if there are other martial arts using the machete, I think it would be a good idea to list them all in the article.207.81.0.235 (talk) 11:53, 6 May 2015 (UTC)BeeCier

 * There is Haitian fencing and Colombian fencing, and the machete is also used in Kali. FernndEspinoza (talk) 11:55, 17 January 2024 (UTC)

origin of the word machete
the word 'machete' comes from 'makhaira' a weapon used in ancient times very similar to the modern machete. the source indicating otherwise, saying that the machete comes from the word 'macho' is ridiculous, and only speculates without any evidence. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 189.175.249.180 (talk) 06:54, 7 November 2015 (UTC)

 * I have found a citation explaining the etymology of the word machete, and have added it to the article. Hopefully that helps.
 * Sincerely, 49.192.44.178 (talk) 08:08, 22 August 2022 (UTC)

Why is in the "American inventions" category?
The machete existed before the US was a thing. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Last edited by: (talk • contribs) 03:36, 9 June 2017 (UTC)

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Please redirect
There is a section in this article about machetes made by the Collins company. This is not needed and should be redirected. Please do so. 49.192.44.178 (talk) 11:50, 29 May 2022 (UTC)

variety's
there isnt just a single machete theres hundreds of styles and types for diffrent things so can a section be dedicated to all the main styles with a sub page with the rest Notreallyyoungforthis (talk) 13:22, 17 March 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Machete


text:
Mingju

Mingju (Manchu:, Mölendroff: mingju;, November 19, 1635 – June 3, 1708), of the Manchu Nara clan, was an official of the Qing Dynasty during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor. He was thrown in prison for corruption.

Second cousin to the Shunzhi Emperor, Mingzhu came from an aristocratic line that belonged to the Plain Yellow Banner of the Eight Banners. His grandfather, Gintaisi, was the last prince of the Yehe Nara clan.

In 1677, Mingju was named the Grand Secretary, one of the top-ranking positions, and became involved in a long power struggle with Songgotu throughout the middle years of Kangxi's reign. He was related to Consort Hui, one of the Kangxi Emperor's concubines who bore the emperor his first surviving son, Yinzhi. Consequently, he supported Yinzhi during the struggles for succession.

He was sent to prison for corruption and various other charges in his final years.

He married Ajige's fifth daughter and had at least three sons. His oldest son, Nara Singde, grew up to be a famous poet.

title: Mingju