text:
User talk:Aranel

Note: I apologize to everyone who has tried to contact me lately and has gotten nowhere. I hope to get better about this. Anyway, I'm back. -Aranel (" Sarah ") 9 July 2005 12:54 (UTC)

 * For comments from August through the end of October, see /archive1. For comments from November and December 2004, see /archive2. For comments from January to April 2005, see /archive3.
 * Note that many of these entries have not received comments by me on this page because I usually take the discussion to the user page of the person who posted here.
 * Please add new comments to the bottom of this page (or just add a new section).

Pearle code released
I added a download section to User:Pearle to make her source code available. Feel free to make a clone if you'd like. -- Beland 04:27, 1 May 2005 (UTC)

Template:ISBN
Salve, Aranel! This template has been listed at for deletion here. As you commented on the template's talk page I thought you might comment on the vote page, though it appears hopelessly in favor of deletion at this point. PedanticallySpeaking 17:39, May 11, 2005 (UTC)

just hello
I am user of catalan wikipedia and I decided to have a look to all related articles in english wikipedia (sorry if my english is not very good). I saw some of your changes and I read your user page. I just want to say you hello and also that I found your user's name explanation really funny

missing since March 2005
Hi - I see you haven't made any edits since March 2005 and have (with great sadness) added you to Missing_Wikipedians. If you come back, please remove yourself from this list. -- Rick Block (talk) 13:57, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)

W. Mark Felt
Salve! I nominated W. Mark Felt as a WP:FAC. As you commented on the Deep Throat talk page, I'd appreciate your comments at Featured article candidates/W. Mark Felt/archive1. PedanticallySpeaking 15:47, Jun 17, 2005 (UTC)

Category Substance-related disorders
Hello,

I thought you might be interested, as you created the category, in activity on WP:CFD around Category:Substance-related disorders. There's a proposal to rename to Category:Drug-related disorders and I'm wondering if you're still sufficiently interested in the category to have an opinion and make a vote at Categories_for_deletion/Log/2005_June_18. Regards, Courtland 23:51, 2005 Jun 25 (UTC)

you're back
I don't really know you that well, so I'm not sure why, but I'm so happy! I've drifted away from Beland's orphaned categories list and CFD and thought you must have done the same, and then noticed you had stopped editing completely. In any event: two things. 1) I also moved you on WP:LA to the inactive section, so you might want to move yourself back to active. 2) Although it's certainly nobody's business but your own why you were gone, can I ask if you leave again to leave a hint on your talk or user page so folks aren't left wondering if you were abducted by aliens or something? Thanks, and welcome back! -- Rick Block (talk) July 9, 2005 16:10 (UTC)
 * Thank you! I added a secion to my user page, mostly for my own entertainment, but it should also be somewhat informative. Er...somewhat. ;) -Aranel (" Sarah ") 17:32, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

The bible
Firstly let me say that I am sorry to have to bother you.

Secondly, I wish to let you know that a recent VFD that you took part in has closed. The result was that 32 people voted to keep all individual bible verses as seperate articles, and 34 voted that they shouldn't (2 abstensions, and 3 votes for both). This is considered by standard policy not to be a consensus decision (although the closing admin stated that it was a consensus to keep them).

Thirdly, the subject has now been put to a survey, so that it may remain open until there is a clear consensus for what appears to be a difficult issue to resolve. You may wish to take part in this survey, and record a similar vote to the one you made at the VFD there. The survey is available at Bible verses.

18:21, 23 July 2005 (UTC)

consensus
The Authentic Matthew VFD has closed. The results were
 * Delete - 21 (58%)
 * Keep - 11 (31%)
 * Merge - 4 (11%)

This was declared to have been no consensus, and therefore a new VFD has been opened at Votes for deletion/Authentic Matthew (consensus).

Would you be prepared to re-add your vote there? ( ! | ? | * ) 09:42, 30 July 2005 (UTC)

Authentic Matthew the sequel
The POV that was in Authentic Matthew, an article you voted to delete, before it was NPOVed has been re-created at a new article - see Votes for deletion/The Original Gospel of Matthew. ( ! | ? | * ) 20:19, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

American Old West at the US Collaboration
Some time ago, you supported the nomination of American Old West at the COTW. I have now renominated it at the new US Collaboration. If you are still interested, you can support the article with your vote there!--Fenice 08:56, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

fem-stub
Salut! Just thought I'd say I made a reply to a question you made some time ago at Template talk:Fem-stub. I noticed you'd made the changes you suggested, but as it happens they were reverted a couple months later. Sarge Baldy 07:38, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

--Fenice 18:42, 16 August 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for butting in!
On the discussion on deletion! I do see a lot of people mentioning the issue of notability, but, since I couldn't find any reference to it in the policy, assumed that I was not under any obligation to use that criteria. In voting, I tried to evaluate the entries by the criteria in the deletion policy - it seemed like that was the best thing to do lest it simply degenerate into 'I like this, but I don't like that'. What do you think? Trollderella 15:42, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Kelly Lamrock
Thanks for the note Sarah, I'll get back to it and do a little more than that 2 line stub at some point :) - Jord 16:42, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Rosie Cotton's page
Hi, I really like what you usually do to The Lord of the Rings pages, but why does Rosie Cotton have to be under the List of female hobbits? I don't see why it "does it better"? Elanor Gamgee is on the list of Female Hobbits but she also has a page too? From what I remember Rosie has just as big or bigger part in the books than Elanor.(?) I don't know,,I was just wondering????? HopefullGomer 16:19, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Thank's for the quick response. That makes sence the way you put it:) HopefullGomer 00:16, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Knitting external link fun!
Well, now I am taking heat from the knitting guilds people for deleting external links. And here I thought I was actually being reasonable about it. I don't want a reputation as a mean old link-removing grinch either! ;) But someone had to do it!

I actually have some evidence that someone who had posted there is link-spamming on a bunch of other pages, not just knitting-related... but I don't want to be the big meanie there either. Sigh. ManekiNeko 21:03, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Did you anonymously e-mail me? I edited the Aule page recently
Hello Aranel. I got a message from you recently, saying something about being glad that there are people who are interested in Tolkien beyond the movies and that you hoped I would join Wikipedia and become a member.

Assuming it was a message you wrote to me personally, I decided to join Wikipedia and see if I can help make it better in one way or another.

I have a minor in Philosophy, and work at a univerisity in engineering, so it was really satisfying to know that someone who manages content on Wikipedia cared enough to invite me to join.

I have also edited the "Gift of Men" page, and I believe it now is a very expansive, perhaps even authoritative interpretation of Tolkien's intent with this literary device.

Please let me know what you think if you have a little time.

Regards,

--SanjaySingh 21:32, 30 August 2005 (UTC)

Copyright violation backlog
Hi, thanks for the response on the copyright problems talk page. I did a couple entries in the August 3rd section, Mark Tremonti and Visual Paradox. I thought I'd stop there and see if you'd take a look and let me know if the changes I made were appropriate. I also assume that the page histories that contain the offending violations should be deleted. Thanks and I don't mean to put more work on you! Rx StrangeLove 06:10, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

thanks :)
I have to say thanks for your thanks, and disclaim that I'm quite sure I didn't come up with it, even if I don't know who did! — Felix the Cassowary 22:57, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Intresting Ayyavazhi Family
Hai Aranel, there are intresting articles about Ayyavazhi, a new religion on both mythology and religiosity. Wikipedia is rich with this topic in English, but poor in other languages. Since french is a leading language in Wikipedia it is better to translate the contents on this AYYAVAZHI family to french. - Paul Raj

Bombay Stock Exchange
Thank you for your contribution at Bombay Stock Exchange. Please keep it up!!! - P R A D E E P Somani  ( talk ) Feel free to send me e-mail. have a look at Indian subcontinent earthquakes list

Wikicities covering aspects of Tolkien's work
Hello, Sarah. I think we have chatted occasionally.

You should be one of the guardians of http://lotr.wikicities.com and/or http://tolkienlanguages.wikicities.com but I don't know if you've visited either of them; there's no User:Aranel registered. Please have a look some time!

Robin Patterson 05:41, 26 October 2005 (UTC)

Witch-King of Angmar
Not to throw more work onto your to-do pile, but I put a question up at the talk page for the Witch-king of Angmar page, and I haven't gotten a response as of yet. Perhaps you might be able to answer my question? I was skimming articles for general copy-edit and found that the infobox for the article held conflicting information. I am unsure of how to continue and I don't want to mess up any general consensus that may have already been reached that I have missed. Thanks! - Maaya 02:32, 26 November 2005 (UTC)

Gray Television
The cut-n-paste move at Gray Television has been fixed. If you find or are aware of more cases like this, please post them to the WP:CPMRHP or to my talk page. — F REAK OF N URxTURE  ( TALK )  12:43, Dec. 21, 2005

Greek literature a candidate at the European Union collaboration
You have supported Greek literature at the WP:IDRIVE some time ago. I have now renominated it at the new European Union collaboration. Please consider supporting it there if you are still interested! --Fenice 13:18, 7 January 2006 (UTC)

Tolkien date conventions.
The creation of the Middle-earth portal has started me thinking about this topic. There's a bit of new discussion on a talk page you posted quite informatively on a while ago, and I'd be interested to know your thoughts, if you have the time to contribute them. I'm not trying to start a revolution or anything, just raising an idea. It's all at the Talk page for the "Timeline of Arda" article.--UrbaneLegend 19:19, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Narya 100.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Narya 100.gif. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikipedia because of copyright law (see Wikipedia's Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikipedia are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me. Thank you. Shyam ( T / C ) 01:29, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

If you're interested...
Hello, ! Thank you for your contributions to a Tolkien-related article. If you are interested, feel free to join WikiProject Middle-earth, a WikiProject focused on improving Tolkien-related articles in Wikipedia. We would be glad to have you join in the effort! Here're some good links and subpages related to the WikiProject.

If you have any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to ask on our talk page. Thank you for your contributions and have fun editing! — Mir l  e  n  02:46, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

Category deletion
Hi, I note that you have previously taken interest in Category:Persian deities. It may soon be deleted. You may wish to salvage it, hence this message. ImpuMozhi 21:00, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

Shayla LaVeaux article
I see you deleted the Shayla LaVeaux article, citing copyright problems. I'd like to see if I can't clean it up... is there any way I can see the deleted article? Tabercil 21:29, 24 September 2006 (UTC)

Derby Canal
Dear Aranal

Is the Derby Canal article still a stub? If so give me some hints concerning what extra is needed and I will see what I can do. I already intend taking some photos and uploading them in the next few days.

Yours Faithfully Martin Cordon Martin Cordon 18:55, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

Renaming user language categories?
I found a comment you made in Wikipedia talk:Babel/Archive1 some time ago, expressing support for the idea of renaming the user language categories like Category:User fr. I have made a formal proposal to do so, at User categories for discussion and am inviting you to chime in if you feel moved to do so. :-) Tim Pierce 03:57, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

I think I messed up your image for the Tengwar character of "Arda". Sorry, I'm new here, and didn't mean anything by it, I just hit "save" while editing your image, as opposed to the .svg substitute I uploaded this morning. pls advise.chris sullivan 10:39, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Possibly unfree Image:GumballMachine.Stock.xchng.jpg
An image that you uploaded from stock.xchng or altered, Image:GumballMachine.Stock.xchng.jpg, has been listed at Possibly unfree images because its copyright status is disputed. If the image's copyright status cannot be verified, it may be deleted. Please go to its page for more information if you are interested in it not being deleted. Thank you. OrphanBot 03:11, 9 March 2007 (UTC) 03:11, 9 March 2007 (UTC)

Category:Projects by type
Thank you for your contribution to the Category:Project management category in the past. This now links to Category:Projects by type for examples of projects in different domains. However, there is currently a Call for Deletion for this category. If you would like to contribute to the discussion, you would be very welcome. Please do this soon if possible since the discussion period is very short. Thank you for your interest if you can contribute. Regards, Jonathan Bowen 03:30, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

Borough categories
I'm contacting you because I see you have created some Alaskan 'borough' catgeories and given them their proper names. There is currently a heated debate with regards to English geography relating to the borough category names. Someone has been naming the categories after the main town in them, which covers a different area to the borough itself. I believe it should be unambiguous so the full borough name should be used. It would be welcome if you could lend us your vote for a rename at: Categories_for_discussion/Log/2007_June_9. Thanks. 88.104.64.157 16:27, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

Help
Do you know where i can find the Category:Fictional universes page. i can't seem to find one. Do you know if one exists? --Savre 08:30, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free media (Image:Favicon iedisplay.png)
Thanks for uploading Image:Favicon iedisplay.png. The media description page currently specifies that it is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, it is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the media was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that media for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that all non-free media not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 15:19, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Peas in a Pod
Hello Miss Sarah,

My Name is also Sarah. And I am a fanatic of The Lord of the Rings trilogy, and of course the Hobbit. And I have gone by Aranel every since a dramatic occurence in life. I am only 16, and currently obsessed with R.A. Salvatore's "The Legend of Drizzt". But I find you fascinating.

Perhaps we could talk?

My myspace is myspace.com/skully0405

I also have a chapter to a self-written story (involving the name Aranel, of course) that may be interesting. If you're bored and have a vivid imagination, that is.

And I found Aranel searching through Tolkien's elven translation. Princess, in Elvish, is also Aranel. Another name I adopted was Sereg Heryn. (Literally- Blood Queen. In my mind- The Bloody Queen.)

Sincerely,

Sarah Vaughan —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.200.66.168 (talk) 09:26, 24 November 2007 (UTC)

Yet Another...
hello Sarahs of wikipedia, yes, I am yet another Sarah, a LotR fantic and go by Aranel. I started using the name Aranel a year ago when I was 12. it has caught on ever since then. in fact, my user name is Aranel Skywalker. this is a very strange world, very strange indeed.... yours truly, yet another sarah who loves LotR and goes by Aranel

Classification of admins
Hi Aranel. Please consider adding your admin username to the growing list at Classification of admins. Best! -- Jreferee    t / c  23:03, 28 November 2007 (UTC)

Category:German heroic legend has been superseded
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Category:German heroic legend, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Category:German heroic legend has been superseded by a similar category (typos in name, expanding abbreviations, fixing capitalisation, renaming to comply with the "by country" format and conversions from singular to plural or vice versa). (CSD C2). To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Category:German heroic legend, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that '''this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. To see the user who deleted the page, click here''' CSDWarnBot (talk) 00:00, 12 January 2008 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Non-exclusive ethnic group
An article that you have been involved in editing, Non-exclusive ethnic group, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Non-exclusive ethnic group. Thank you. Slrubenstein  |  Talk 16:07, 21 November 2008 (UTC).

CfD nomination of Category:Canadian hardcore punk bands
I have nominated canadian hardcore punk bands for renaming to canadian hardcore punk groups. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. Radiant chains (talk) 11:36, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:B-side collections
I have nominated b-side collections for renaming to b-side compilation albums. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 00:41, 4 April 2010 (UTC)

Deleted article: Scott Litman
Hi Sarah, you removed an article for Scott Litman based on WP:CP. I would like to add in new content for his page, but prefer to run it past you for feedback. The copy I would like to add is as follows:

Scott Litman is a Minnesota entrepreneur, co-founder of The Minnesota Cup and previous CEO and co-founder of Imaginet.

In 1998, Scott was named a 40 under 40 by CityBusiness for the success of Imaginet. On the 135th Anniversary of the founding of the University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts, Scott was published in the book "135 Voices" representing the class of 1990. More recently, he was named one of 200 Minnesotans to know by Twin Cities Business.

I'd appreciate your thoughts/feedback as to whether or not this is appropriate for inclusion. Thank you!

Lmg0603 (talk) 20:32, 15 June 2010 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of List of anti-rock authors

The article List of anti-rock authors has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Unreferenced article with dubious inclusion criteria. Some of those listed here make no mention of being "anti-rock" in their article, and in most of the others, it is a minor point in their anti-everything positions.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing  will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Fram (talk) 07:58, 17 September 2010 (UTC)

TwillSample.jpg
Hi, Aranel!

I'd like to use TwillSample.jpg in a talk I'm giving about fiber arts and mathematics (specifically, cellular automata). Is that okay, and how would you like to be attributed? You can email me if you'd rather reply privately.

Thanks! Doctorhook (talk) 03:06, 18 November 2010 (UTC)

Propagator
Hi, as Heated propagator was virtually unfindable when I searched for it (I searched for Propagator), I have moved the article to prominence at Propagator and moved the other article to Propagator (Quantum Theory). Should make it much more visible - I've also linked to our Propagator article from Plant propagation (I've created a new section in there). Cheers! --PopUpPirate (talk) 12:13, 8 January 2011 (UTC)

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have (or very recently had) enabled.

On 13 March 2011, this preference was hidden from the user preferences screen as part of efforts to prevent its accidental misuse (consensus discussion, guidelines for use at WP:MINOR). This had the effect of locking users in to their existing preference, which, in your case, was. To complete the process, your preference will automatically be changed to  in the next few days. This does not require any intervention on your part and all users will still be able to manually mark their edits as being minor in the usual way.

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Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 20:29, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

Suspension of admin privileges due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative privileges of users who have been inactive for one year, meaning administrators who have made neither any edits nor any logged actions in over one year. As a result of this discussion, your administrative privileges have been removed pending your return. If you wish to have these privileges reinstated, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e., as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised and that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions). This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. RL0919 (talk) 20:07, 8 July 2011 (UTC)

Notice of change
Hello. You are receiving this message because of a recent change to the administrator policy that alters what you were told at the time of your desysopping. The effect of the change is that you will not longer be able to request restoration of the tools because of your prior inactivity. You have until December 30, 2012 to request restoration or else the policy will prevent you from doing so in the future; you would need to seek a new WP:RFA. Until December 30, you can file a request at WP:BN for review by the crats. Thank you.  MBisanz  talk 04:22, 3 December 2012 (UTC)

(delivered by mabdul 22:59, 3 December 2012 (UTC))

Category:Breakfast foods
Category:Breakfast foods, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. DexDor (talk) 05:19, 10 April 2013 (UTC)

Category:Towns in Brazil
Category:Towns in Brazil, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the Categories for discussion page. Thank you. Victão Lopes Fala! 19:43, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Elanor Gardner

The article Elanor Gardner has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * A very minor and non-notable character, there is no real world significance for this character.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. GimliDotNet ( Speak to me, Stuff I've done )  18:57, 18 December 2014 (UTC)

Nomination of Elanor Gardner for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Elanor Gardner is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Elanor Gardner until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. GimliDotNet ( Speak to me, Stuff I've done )  06:09, 22 December 2014 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Category:251 births

A tag has been placed on Category:251 births requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section C1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the category has been empty for seven days or more and is not a disambiguation category, a category redirect, a featured topics category, under discussion at Categories for discussion, or a project category that by its nature may become empty on occasion.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Liz Read! Talk! 03:40, 25 June 2019 (UTC)

Category:Middle-earth weapons has been nominated for discussion
Category:Middle-earth weapons, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. A discussion is taking place to decide whether this proposal complies with the categorization guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the categories for discussion page. Thank you. ― Susmuffin Talk 05:56, 26 January 2020 (UTC)

Category:Rulers of Gondor has been nominated for discussion
Category:Rulers of Gondor, which you created, has been nominated for possible deletion, merging, or renaming. A discussion is taking place to decide whether this proposal complies with the categorization guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the categories for discussion page. Thank you. ― Susmuffin Talk 19:00, 14 February 2020 (UTC)

Category:Negro World contributors has been nominated for merging
Category:Negro World contributors has been nominated for merging. A discussion is taking place to decide whether this proposal complies with the categorization guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the categories for discussion page. Thank you. User:Namiba 13:38, 31 May 2020 (UTC)

Category:Middle-earth films has been nominated for renaming
Category:Middle-earth films has been nominated for renaming. A discussion is taking place to decide whether this proposal complies with the categorization guidelines. If you would like to participate in the discussion, you are invited to add your comments at the category's entry on the categories for discussion page. Thank you. ★Trekker (talk) 09:25, 29 May 2022 (UTC)

You're famous
It seems over of you're oldest edits is a key point of convention in the Ackman adn friends plagiarism proxy wars going down now. -Dovid (talk) 19:36, 8 January 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aranel


text:
Sleeper (car)

A sleeper (American English) or Q-car (British English) is a car that boasts high performance while having an unassuming exterior. Sleepers are usually developed on the platform of a non-athletic class of vehicle, most often that of an economy car. In addition to looking modest, a sleeper car may sometimes appear to be a "beater" — a car that is in a visibly poor condition due to seeming neglect and lack of maintenance on the owner's part — though this is intentional and commonly described as "all go and no show"; these cars are internally modified to achieve very competitive levels of performance while being presented as a standard or neglected car. The American name for this type of vehicle comes from the term sleeper agent, whereas the British name is derived from the Q-ships used by the Royal Navy.

The British term has been in use since the aftermath of World War II. In the February 1963 issue of Motor Sport magazine, British journalist Bill Boddy states: "the modifications carried out by Lotus have turned the Lotus Cortina into a 'Q' car par excellence" in a highlight of the high-performance Cortina's unassuming exterior. Likewise, in the 1956 British film The Long Arm (known as The Third Key in the United States), the term is used in reference to unmarked police cars patrolling the city of London by night, indicating that it was in use among British law enforcement at least a decade earlier.

In July 1964, British magazine Motorcycle Mechanics carried an announcement from editor Bill Lawless of the use of two unmarked police "Q-cars" — a black Daimler SP250 and a green Austin A40 Farina — patrolling the A20, a road between London and Maidstone.

Beginnings in the Western world

The Chrysler 300 letter series began in 1955 with the Chrysler C-300. With a 331 in3 (5.4 L) FirePower V8, the engine was the first in a production passenger car to be rated at 300 hp, and was by a comfortable margin the most powerful in American cars of the time. By 1957, with the 300C, power was up to 375 hp. These cars were among the first sleepers, marketed as high-end luxury cars from the traditional luxury marque Chrysler, but with a high-end homologation racing engine. However, these cars lose their "sleeper value" due to both their rarity (this series was highly luxurious; it was made in limited numbers and examples are very expensive), and the well publicized successes of Carl Kiekhaefer in NASCAR racing (1955–1956); though the model is an important precursor of the muscle car.

The 1968 Mercedes-Benz 300SEL 6.3 was a powerful sedan with a subdued exterior. A trend of overtly powerful saloon cars with subtle body modifications is exemplified by the work of Mercedes-AMG and Brabus on unassuming Mercedes saloons.

The 1986 Lancia Thema 8.32, fitted with a Ferrari V8 engine, has been described by Road & Track as "one of the weirder sleepers to come out of the 1980s".

The car which is most often credited as the start of the production Q-car trend in Europe is the 1990 Lotus Omega, which started out as an Opel Omega/Vauxhall Carlton.

In the Soviet Union
The first Q-car was invented by the Soviet NKVD in 1938, when imported Ford flathead V8 engines were installed on GAZ M-1 cars. After WWII they were replaced by GAZ M-20G cars equipped with adapted powertrain from GAZ-12 ZIM and special-purpose equipment. Those, as well as their successors, were available either in black color (or possibly GAI road police livery) for the security details of the KGB's 9th Directorate or in common colors for the surveillance teams of the 7th Directorate. After the M-20 was discontinued, 603 GAZ-23 cars were produced in 1962-1970, combining modified GAZ-21 body with slanted GAZ-13 engine and transmission, better brakes and KGB equipment. They were followed by similar GAZ-24 modifications: GAZ-24-24, -25, -34 and -35, over 2000 mostly produced during 1970s and 1980s. GAZ-31012 and 31013 based on the GAZ-3102 were only produced in black in very small numbers (~300) starting from 1985. In Post-Soviet Russia the practice was discontinued, with special services acquiring imported cars.

Owner-modified cars
Some vehicle owners create sleepers by swapping more powerful engines, or making other performance modifications, like adding a supercharger or turbocharger, leaving the external appearance as it came from the factory. Sometimes hints of the car's true nature are visible: wider tires, a lower stance, or a different engine tone or exhaust note. Gauges and instrumentation are often kept to a minimum. Some owners go as far as to use weight reduction techniques employed by other performance enthusiasts, removing items not fundamental to street racing, such as rear seats, trim, spare tire, air conditioner, power steering, or heater; bumpers and headlights may also be replaced with lighter items.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sleeper (car)


text:
User talk:Jonathan Grynspan

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title: User talk:Jonathan Grynspan


text:
Talk:Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Redirects, real and imagined
The following pages might redirect to this one: You can see which ones exist already (the italicized ones, as I type this). The titles in bold used to be stub articles. Brewer's Yeast was a copyvio that was tagged but apparently never listed on Copyright problems. I guess that page should be deleted and the redirect recreated? Baker's yeast was a one-liner; see its history if you're really interested. - dcljr 20:17, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Brewer's yeast, Brewer's Yeast
 * Brewers yeast, Brewers Yeast
 * Brewers' yeast, Brewers' Yeast
 * Baker's yeast, Baker's Yeast
 * Bakers yeast, Bakers Yeast
 * Bakers' yeast, Bakers' Yeast
 * Budding yeast, Budding Yeast

Classical and ancient
I changed "classical times" to "ancient times" again. According to Beer, beer is definitely known from about 3500 or 4000 B.C., long before any time called "classical" (maybe 1000 or 500 B.C.) If anyone wants to change it back, please give your reasons, as I have. —JerryFriedman 16:46, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Merge with yeast
This is a much more extensive article than the current one on yeast, and there don't appear to be articles on other types of yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly referred to simply as "yeast," and I suspect that most people who type "yeast" in the Go box are trying to find this article. Therefore, I suggest integrating this page's information on the yeast page, and making this page a redirect. --LostLeviathan 19:31, 18 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Correction: There are articles on other yeast species (I came across Brettanomyces), but yeast-related articles are very scattered. Why are there separate articles on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and brewer's yeast, for instance? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by LostLeviathan (talk • contribs).

 * "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" should not be merged with Yeast, because there are many different types of yeast. Brewer's yeast and Baker's yeast, however, are simply common names for S. cerevisiae and should probably be merged. —Keenan Pepper 22:45, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, maybe not Brewer's yeast, but definitely Yeast (baking). —Keenan Pepper 22:46, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

 * "Yeast" is a growth form of fungi, and fungi that commonly grow as yeasts (including Candida albicans and Saccharomyces) can under certain conditions grow as filaments instead.--Curtis Clark 04:00, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

 * There are over 600 yeast species. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast species, just like gorilla is a mammalian species. You would not merge gorilla with mammal! I suggest the yeast article be expanded instead. Definately no merge. Please also see Brettanomyces, Candida, Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces uvarum, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Zygosaccharomyces for a few of Wikipedia's yeast articles. ◄  §ĉҺɑʀκs  ►  14:42, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * No merge. --Abdull 10:34, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Better suggestion: Merge with Yeast (baking)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae should not be merged with Yeast, because there are many different kinds of yeast. Yeast (baking), however, is unquestionably the same thing. It even says "known as Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Any objections to merging? —Keenan Pepper 16:58, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I think it would make more sense to remove the non-baking information from Yeast (baking), and link each article from the other. Someone wanting to know about bakers' yeast will get lost in the detail of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae article, and someone interested in Saccharomyces cerevisiae may be more interested in beer or genomics than bread.--Curtis Clark 22:38, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

 * That's certainly a possibility, but let me point out that in a well-organized article, it should be easy to find a specific aspect of the subject. There would certainly be subsections about yeast's roles in baking and brewing. —Keenan Pepper 23:12, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

 * There are plenty of counterexamples, usually when (1) a single article would be too long, or (2) there are aspects that are of interest to different audiences. Considering the importance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to biologists, a single article would need that name. Yeast (baking) could redirect to the subsection about the use of the species in baking. I'd have no objection to this.--Curtis Clark 01:21, 28 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. S cerevesiae is a very important topic and needs its own article.  The various applications of yeast probably necessitate a separate article. Garrettcobb 00:04, 4 June 2006 (UTC)

Throughout this article the nomenclature used to represent genes and proteins is used incorrectly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.59.211.194 (talk) 19:34, 12 July 2013 (UTC)

The 'Human disease' section is unclear
Human disease

Saccharomyces cerevisiae can cause disease in humans. In particular, it is marketed as a probiotic supplement (Ultralevura®) for the treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis. Unfortunately, its use can cause fungaemia in critically ill patients.[1]

The first two sentences don't make sense together. I presume it's supposed to read 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae can _cure_ disease in humans.', or it just needs to be re-written. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Danregan (talk • contribs) 17:10, 16 December 2006 (UTC).

Although I agree it does need better wording, they do mean "cause" disease. The probiotic supplement Ultralevura is used for the treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis. Using Ultralevura can cause fungaemia in critically ill patients. I'll try to clean it up.

Temperature
What is the optimum temperature for the growth of this species? M rug 2  21:16, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Sorry, I should have rephrased that. I'm doing a chemistry project to do with the production of CO2 in fermentation of sucrose by yeast. What is the optimum temperature forr this reaction to take place? M rug 2  17:59, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and carefull attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 18:27, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Strains?
Perhaps info could be added that there are 28 strains of S. cerevisiae...

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8987451)

24.108.216.23 (talk) 22:03, 5 October 2008 (UTC)

Cysteine as a yeast accelerant
I read a science encyclopedia that said that commercial breadmakers have a bread rise time between ten to twenty minutes rather than three or four hours as a result of adding cysteine to the bread Cysteine is a limiting nutrient to bread yeast thus a surplus of cysteine is commercially use to create much faster rise times that transformed breadmaking from batch to continuous process a huge efficieny gain

I've actually added a supplement tablet of N acetyl cysteine to a yeast nutrient solution It produces bubbles much much more rapidly than the yeast plus nutrient solution  Thus I think the effect is real

I mention this as researchers using S. cerevisiae may find this of use Perhaps cysteine affects the growth rate of other fungi as well also  the that factory bread is immediate rather than batch as a result of yeast nutrition is of value at the article  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 169.237.215.179 (talk) 16:20, 15 July 2009 (UTC)

'''
====ARICLE NEEDS UPDATING: Saccharomyces cerevisiae BEING USED AS VITAMIN D SOURCE==========''' ==

'''==========ARICLE NEEDS UPDATING: Saccharomyces cerevisiae BEING USED AS VITAMIN D SOURCE==========

'''SEE THE FOLLOWING LINKS. IS THIS AN APPROPIATE SOURCE FOR VITAMIN D? I AM SURPRISED THERE IS NO INFORMATION ABOUT THIS IN THE ARTICLE. PLEASE UPDATE.

'''PLEASE SUMMARIZE AN ANSWER TO THE QUESTION "IS THIS AN APPROPIATE SOURCE FOR VITAMIN D?" BASED ON THE RESEARCH LINKS BELOW. I AM UNABLE TO INTERPRET THE SCIENTIFIC MATERIAL.

'''PLEASE ALSO COMPARE AND CONTRAST Saccharomyces cerevisiae TO Cholecalciferol AND ergocalciferol AS SOURCES FOR VITAMIN D. BOTH OF THESE HAVE WIKIPEDIA PAGES.

'''(PLEASE NOTE, FYI: Saccharomyces cerevisiae IS USED BY VEGETARIANS AS A SOURCE OF VITAMIN D.)

'''THANK YOU SO VERY MUCH! I AM GLAD WE CAN UPDATE THIS ARTICLE!

'''http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC362399/pdf/molcellb00056-0373.pdf

'''http://www.megafood.com/products/vitamin-formulas/vitamin-d3-1000iu/

http://www.efsa.europa.eu/cs/BlobServer/Statement/ans_ej1148_VitaminDenrichedyeast_st_en.pdf?ssbinary=true

Using yeast as a source of vitamin D is a minor detail in the context of the organism as a whole. Also, links without explanation should not be included in the article. This has been removed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.97.5.34 (talk) 01:18, 17 March 2010 (UTC)

Religious signifigance
Why is there no i nfo on the religious signifigance of yeast? Bread/Wine were crucial to various ceremonies, especially in The Bible.156.34.166.44 (talk) 18:25, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * This article is about the species, not about "yeast". And the significance of bread and wine in religious ceremonies should be in the articles about bread and wine. Sasata (talk) 18:46, 8 December 2010 (UTC)

External links modified (January 2018)
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Sup35 Section
This section has multiple significant and pervasive issues. First, its citations are not really citations. Three are merely links to searches on arabic Google Scholar, not to actual papers or articles, and the fourth is to a faculty recommendation blurb that points to an actual paper and not the paper itself (which I lack the expertise to determine if it supports the sentence attached to that cite). Second, while others have tried to clean this up, the grammar and spelling is still in need of attention. Finally, the whole section is of questionable relevance. Wikipedia already has an (better written) article on Sup35p (which is actually included in the Category:Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes link under the See Also section), and this appears to at least duplicate some of that, so it could be replaced with a direct link. It's also given unduly prominent placement as the very first main section even though it deals with a very narrow and domain-specific topic, and should, if kept, be moved to a subsection of the proper already existing section, or at least moved down so it isn't the first section.

I have added relevant templates to this section on the page. Esoteric bearcat (talk) 06:09, 4 June 2020 (UTC)

 * This section should be removed from the page. The information is already covered on a specific page Sup35p for the gene. Any additional details from the literature on this gene should be added to that page. Having this at the beginning of the S. cerevisiae page is not only irrelevant but adds a significant amount of confusion to the explanation of this organism. At most a note indicating its relevance would be much more appropriately placed lower down the page under the biology section along side an explanation of this relevance. – TheIguana  ( talk ) 02:23, 2 July 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Saccharomyces cerevisiae


text:
User talk:BrahnTelpefin~enwiki

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Help with newbie's Neo-Nazi edits?
Hi! I read your eloquent description of the tangential links between Ásatrú and Neo-Nazism on that article's talk page. It certainly helped me understand it better! I wondered if you might help sort out the deletions of several bits of info by new user 66.188.79.39 -- he's removing links and information from Ásatrú, Odalism and other articles which mention (probably with insufficent clarity) links to Neo-Nazism. As an informed user, would you please consider re-editing the articles to clarify the issue? I don't know enough myself. If he's right to remove the links, that's fine, but it might be better to describe the issues the way you did in the Ásatrú page, so that others who come to Wikipedia to find out whether these religions "really are Nazis" will at least understand where the accusation comes from. Thanks! Catherine | talk 05:05, 25 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Name Change
I am requesting a name change to Harðor

Your account will be renamed
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File:Suncross.png listed for discussion
A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Suncross.png, has been listed at Files for discussion. Please see the to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Iazyges  Consermonor   Opus meum  07:19, 25 December 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:BrahnTelpefin~enwiki


text:
User:Ransom

Ransom is Scott McClare.

About me
The eldest son of Maritimers, born in Cornwall, Ontario, Canada, and raised in Espanola, Ontario, I am a technical writer residing in Ottawa, where I make my living writing user documentation in the hi-tech industry.

My interests include Christianity, particularly Church history and theology, music, science fiction, and classical rhetoric.

My first contribution to Wikipedia is an entry on pioneer missionary William Carey, and I hope to be able to make other meaningful contributions in the future.

Links

 * Scott McClare's Home Page
 * The Crusty Curmudgeon, my personal blog
 * Sacra Eloquia, my other blog dealing with Christian theology, primarily expository and systematic

title: User:Ransom


text:
Coachman

A coachman is an employee who drives a coach or carriage, a horse-drawn vehicle designed for the conveyance of passengers. A coachman has also been called a coachee, coachy, whip, or hackman.

The coachman's first concern is to remain in full control of the horses (or other similar animals such as mules) and another employee, traditionally a footman, would accompany the coach to handle any circumstances beyond the coachman's control.

Duties
"Coachman" is correctly applied to the driver of any type of coach or carriage having an independent seat for the driver. If it is a public transport vehicle the owners might arrange things differently and a coachman may do no more than drive the vehicle. A private coachman reports directly to his employer or the employer's agent or factor and, being in command of the stables, the most important building after the house, is responsible for caring for and providing all the master's horses and carriages and related employees. Where necessary the coachman may delegate the driving of household vehicles but it is a primary duty to personally drive the employer. In a great house, this would have been a specialty, but in more modest households, the "coachman" would have doubled as the stablehand or groom. Even a head chauffeur with under-chauffeurs and mechanics held a much lesser position needing such a small staff and little capital. In early coaches he sat on a built-in compartment called a boot, bracing his feet on a footrest called a footboard. He was often pictured wearing a box coat or box jacket, a heavy overcoat with or without shoulder capes, double-breasted, with fitted waist and wide lapels; its name derives from its use by coachmen riding on the box seat, exposed to all kinds of weather. An ornamented, often fringed cloth called a hammercloth might have hung over the coachman's seat, especially of a ceremonial coach. He could be seen taking refreshments at a type of public house called a watering house, which also provided water for horses.

The role of the coachman, who sat on the vehicle, was contrasted with that of the postillion mounted directly on one of the drawing horses. On the grandest ceremonial occasions the coachman might escort a number of his postillions with his own horse.

Bynames
A coachman was sometimes called a jarvey or jarvie, especially in Ireland; Jarvey was a nickname for Jarvis. In the first of his Sherlock Holmes stories, A Study in Scarlet, Arthur Conan Doyle refers to the driver of a small cab in London as a jarvey. A coachman who drove dangerously fast or recklessly might invoke biblical or mythological allusions: Some referred to him as a jehu, recalling King Jehu of Israel, who was noted for his furious attacks in a chariot (2 Kings 9:20) before he died about 816 BC. Others dubbed him a Phaeton, harking back to the Greek Phaëton, son of Helios who, attempting to drive the chariot of the sun, managed to set the earth on fire.

The driver of a wagon or cart drawn by a draught animal was known as teamster or carter.

Hungarian folklore
The English word coach, the Spanish and Portuguese coche, the German Kutsche, the Slovak koč and the Czech kočár all probably derive from the Hungarian word "kocsi", literally meaning "of Kocs". Kocs (pronounced "kotch") was a Hungarian post town, and the coach itself may have been developed in Hungary. Hungarian villages still hold Coachman of the Year competitions (similar to those held in Zakopane in Poland).

The coachman soon became a prominent figure in Hungarian folklore. As the Clever Coachman (tudós kocsis), he turns up unexpectedly in the hero's life, either knowing his name or naming him by his true name. Many of Steven Brust's novels play with this image of the coachman.

Other uses
Coachman is also a synonym for the pennant coralfish (Heniochus Monoceros). The Royal Coachman is also a type of fly used for fly fishing, which exists as both a dry-fly and a wet-fly. The pattern was composed in England pre-1860.

title: Coachman


text:
Richard Kirman Sr.

Richard Kirman Sr. (January 14, 1877 – January 19, 1959) was an American politician. He was the 17th Governor of Nevada from 1935 to 1939. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Early life
Kirman was born in Virginia City, Nevada, and educated in the Nevada public schools. He graduated from Lincoln High School in San Francisco, California. In San Francisco, on January 19, 1898, he married Mabelle Jean King and the couple had two children, Richard and Claire.

Career
Returning to Nevada, Kirman began working in banking. He was elected to the Nevada State Assembly in 1899. In 1902, he was appointed a member of the Board of Regents of the University of Nevada and was in that position until 1904.

Elected mayor of Reno, Nevada, Kirman served in that position from 1907 to 1909. He successfully served as President of Reno's First National Bank during the Great Depression. He continued all his life to be active in livestock, business and banking.

Winning the Democratic gubernatorial nomination in 1934, Kirman won the election and was sworn in as Governor of Nevada on January 7, 1935. Nevada's state park system was created during Kirman's administration. Also, during his tenure, the state planning board was implemented, and construction on the Hoover Dam was completed. He did not seek re-election in 1938.

Death
Kirman died on January 19, 1959, in Carson City, Nevada, at the age of 82. He is interred at Mountain View Cemetery in Reno, Nevada.

title: Richard Kirman Sr.


text:
Asahi, Ibaraki

Asahi (旭村) was a village located in Kashima District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 11,825 and a density of 219.80 persons per km2. The total area was 53.80 km2.

On October 11, 2005, Asahi, along with the former town of Hokota, and the village of Taiyō (all from Kashima District), was merged to create the city of Hokota.

title: Asahi, Ibaraki


text:
Patrick Miller of Dalswinton

Patrick Miller of Dalswinton, just north of Dumfries (1731–1815) was a Scottish banker, shareholder in the Carron Company engineering works and inventor. Miller is buried in a tomb against the southern wall of Greyfriars Kirkyard in Edinburgh.

Early life
Miller was born in Glasgow, the third son of William Miller of Glenlee, and his wife, Janet Hamilton. After attending the University of Glasgow, he decided to take up banking as his trade, since the Scottish economy was growing.

Career
By November 1760, Miller became partners with William Ramsay of Barnton, merchants and bankers, in Edinburgh. In 1767, he was elected to the court of the Bank of Scotland where he implemented a number of reforms, particularly the introduction of note exchange, whereby the bank agreed to accept notes of its competitors. Thanks to his improvements, the bank successfully endured a banking crisis in 1772.

In his final years, he served as Deputy Governor of the Bank of Scotland; he was succeeded by Adam Rolland of Gask FRSE upon his death.

Invention and naval pursuits

While looking after shipping interests overseas, Miller experienced firsthand the dangers of piracy on his ocean voyages. These brushes with privateers combined with his time on the ocean sparked a lifelong interest in ordnance and naval architecture.

Warship
He attempted to interest various European navies in his design for a super warship, but only Sweden showed any notable interest; their great naval architect Chapman called it the "English (sic) sea-spook". The Swedish king Gustav III, as thanks for the actual vessel, Experiment of Leith, that Miller sent him, despatched Miller seeds of the swede in a magnificent snuff-box, featuring marine illustrations, now in the collection of the Victoria & Albert Museum, London.

Pleasure boats
Miller was particularly interested in multiple-hulled pleasure boats propelled by cranked paddle wheels placed between the hulls. On seeing a steam-carriage model made by the engineer William Symington (or on the suggestion of Symington's friend James Taylor), he got Symington to build his patented steam engine with its drive into a twin-hulled pleasure boat. This was successfully tried out on Dalswinton Loch near Miller's house on 14 October 1788. The next year a larger engine was fitted to a 60 ft long twin-hull paddle boat and tried on the Forth and Clyde Canal. After initial problems of paddle wheels breaking up on 2 December, the vessel travelled some distance along the canal on 26 December and 27 December 1789. Miller abandoned the project due to the rising expenses of the venture.

Charlotte Dundas
Ten years later, Lord Dundas restarted Symington's work on a steamboat, leading to the famous paddle steamer, Charlotte Dundas.

title: Patrick Miller of Dalswinton


text:
Gary Bauer

Gary Lee Bauer (born May 4, 1946) is an American civil servant, activist, and former political candidate. He served in President Ronald Reagan's administration as Under Secretary of Education and Chief Domestic Policy Advisor, and later became president of the Family Research Council and a senior vice president of Focus on the Family, both conservative Christian organizations. Bauer was a candidate in the 2000 Republican Party presidential primaries and participated in five national debates. He is known for his advocacy of religious liberty, support for Israel, and his dedication to electing conservative candidates to Congress.

Currently, Bauer is president of the advocacy organization American Values. In May 2018, President Donald Trump appointed him to the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom.

Background
Gary Bauer was born in Covington, Kentucky, and was reared in Newport, Kentucky, in a working-class family, the son of Elizabeth "Betty" (Gossett) and Stanley Rynolds Bauer, a laborer. He was reared in the Southern Baptist faith. Of his hometown, Bauer has said, "in the years I grew up there, the town was literally under the control of an organized crime syndicate out of Toledo, Ohio. And when I say under the control of it, literally the mayor, the city council, even the police department were all being paid handsomely." Bauer cited the community's efforts to oppose this corruption as a significant influence on his political conservatism.

Bauer received a bachelor's degree from Georgetown College in Georgetown, Kentucky, in 1968 and a J.D. degree from Georgetown University in 1973. While attending law school, he worked as the assistant director of Opposition Research at the Republican National Committee from 1969 to 1973. He then took a position as the director of government relations for the Direct Mail Marketing Association, from 1973 to 1980. He served as a Deputy Under Secretary for Planning and Budget in the United States Department of Education, from 1982 to 1987, and as an advisor on domestic policy from 1987 to 1988. While serving under Reagan, he was named Chairman of President Reagan's Special Working Group on the Family. His report, "The Family: Preserving America's Future," was presented to the President in December 1986.

Bauer served as the president of the Family Research Council from 1988 to 1999. He resigned from this position to run for the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States. He left the race after the primaries in February 2000. In 1996, he founded the Campaign for Working Families (CWF), a political action committee dedicated to electing "pro-family, pro-life and pro-free enterprise" candidates to federal and state offices. In addition to serving as the chairman of CWF, Bauer is also the president of American Values, a non-profit organization "committed to defending life, traditional marriage, and equipping our children with" conservative values. He also serves on the executive board of Christians United for Israel, a lobby group headed by John Hagee. Gary Bauer was one of the signers of the Statement of Principles of Project for the New American Century (PNAC) on June 3, 1997. He also serves on the board of the Emergency Committee for Israel.

Bauer currently serves as the president of American Values (conservative values advocacy organization). At the end of May 2018, Bauer was appointed by President Trump to the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom.

Bauer is married to the former Carol Hoke, and lives in Virginia. Gary and Carol have three adult children.

Political positions
Bauer has been described as a "politically conservative Baptist with strong commitments to preserving the traditional family and the Judeo-Christian values he believes are the foundation of American society." Bauer is anti-abortion. He is in support of repealing laws that allow abortion. He advocates for the Supreme Court's overturn of Roe v. Wade as the first step in the anti-abortion cause. He wants to cut funding for Planned Parenthood and do away with any U.S. aid for organizations that provide or advise abortions. Bauer also says that he would counsel raped family members against abortion. He points to the Constitution and the Christian view of human life as reasons for not supporting euthanasia, stating that, "all people have immeasurable value because they have been created in the image and likeness of God." He is a supporter of the death penalty for death row inmates. Bauer opposes cloning and embryonic stem cell research, but supports adult stem cell research. He supports a Constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage, and prefers abstinence programs to comprehensive sex education programs. Bauer wants to remove from the tax code all economic disincentives to marry.

On foreign policy issues, Bauer supports strong ties with Israel, would not trade with China until the country improves its human rights record, and supported full funding for the Iraq War. Bauer believes that America should advance and protect freedom worldwide and "bring the message of freedom to the Arab world". He is a critic of Islam.

Bauer supports enforcing all laws against illegal immigration and that all immigrants should learn English and U.S. traditions.

On economic issues, Bauer supports income tax cuts and decreased regulation of small businesses. He thinks that government should not set a minimum wage. He has stated that corporations should serve the U.S. as well as their shareholders, and has occasionally been critical of the World Trade Organization.

Presidential campaign
Bauer announced his presidential campaign in April 1999, running on a platform built mostly upon social issues such as abortion. Bauer received over 8% of the vote in the Iowa Republican caucuses, and less than 1% of the vote in the New Hampshire Republican primary before withdrawing from the race for the Republican presidential nomination. Bauer endorsed John McCain when he pulled out of the race in February 2000. In the fall of 1999, two senior members of Bauer's campaign staff raised questions about closed-door meetings between Bauer and a female campaign aide. Bauer's denial of any impropriety prompted two campaign workers to resign. There was never any actual evidence of infidelity brought against Bauer.

His presidential campaign is mostly remembered for an incident at the Bisquick Pancake Presidential Primary Flip-Off on 31 January 2000. The candidates each took a turn to mount a four-foot stage, make, flip and catch a pancake in a pan. When Bauer took his turn, he tossed his pancake too high and, trying to follow it, fell off the back of the stage, disappearing through a blue curtain. He emerged, unhurt, with no pancake and no pan. He then flipped and caught a pancake without falling on his second attempt. Bauer joked that it might be the best thing to happen to his campaign and said that he was "the Ken Griffey of the presidential candidates. I dove into the dugout to catch my pancake." Years later, Bauer recalled that as he toppled off the stage and through the curtain, fellow candidate George W. Bush, who was standing backstage having already successfully completed his pancake toss, shouted "here comes Bauer!"

Media activities
Bauer co-hosted a talk radio show with former Jerusalem Post CEO and President Tom Rose from March 2006 to March 2007 on WMET, a Washington, D.C. metropolitan area radio station. Bauer is also a frequent guest on many conservative talk-radio programs across the country. Gary and Tom were co-hosts on SiriusXM Patriot Channel 125 Bauer and Rose Show for 9 years and their popular show ended April 9, 2017 with Tom Rose taking a position in the White House as assistant and adviser to Vice President Pence.

"Manhattan Declaration"
In November 2009, Bauer signed an ecumenical statement known as the "Manhattan Declaration" calling on evangelical, Catholic and Orthodox Christians not to comply with rules and laws which they claim would compel participation in or blessing of abortion, same-sex marriage and other matters that go against their religious consciences.

Publications
Bauer is the author of several books, including:
 * (with James C. Dobson)
 * (with James C. Dobson)
 * (with James C. Dobson)

title: Gary Bauer


text:
Stratum corneum

The stratum corneum (Latin for 'horny layer') is the outermost layer of the epidermis. Consisting of dead tissue, it protects underlying tissue from infection, dehydration, chemicals and mechanical stress. It is composed of 15–20 layers of flattened cells with no nuclei and cell organelles.

Among its properties are mechanical shear, impact resistance, water flux and hydration regulation, microbial proliferation and invasion regulation, initiation of inflammation through cytokine activation and dendritic cell activity, and selective permeability to exclude toxins, irritants, and allergens. The cytoplasm of its cells shows filamentous keratin. These corneocytes are embedded in a lipid matrix composed of ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids.

Desquamation is the process of cell shedding from the surface of the stratum corneum, balancing proliferating keratinocytes that form in the stratum basale. These cells migrate through the epidermis towards the surface in a journey that takes approximately fourteen days.

Structure
The human stratum corneum comprises several levels of flattened corneocytes that are divided into two layers: the stratum disjunctum and stratum compactum. The skin's protective acid mantle and lipid barrier sit on top of the stratum disjunctum. The stratum disjunctum is the uppermost and loosest layer of skin. The stratum compactum is the comparatively deeper, more compacted and more cohesive part of the stratum corneum. The corneocytes of the stratum disjunctum are larger, more rigid and more hydrophobic than those of the stratum compactum.

Research on osmotic permeability suggests the stratum compactum consists of two layers. The stratum disjunctum above these layers can swell, as can the lowest layer of the stratum disjunctum (two-fold). However, the first layer in the stratum compactum between them has limited swelling capacity and provides the stratum corneum's barrier.

Function
During cornification, the process whereby living keratinocytes are transformed into non-living corneocytes, the cell membrane is replaced by a layer of ceramides which become covalently linked to an envelope of structural proteins (the cornified envelope). permeabilitys complex surrounds cells in the stratum corneum and contributes to the skin's barrier function. Corneodesmosomes (modified desmosomes) facilitate cellular adhesion by linking adjacent cells within this epidermal layer. These complexes are degraded by proteases, eventually permitting cells to be shed at the surface. Desquamation and formation of the cornified envelope are both required for the maintenance of skin homeostasis. A failure to correctly regulate these processes leads to skin disorders developing.

Cells of the stratum corneum contain a dense network of keratin, a protein that helps keep the skin hydrated by preventing water evaporation. These cells can also absorb water, further aiding in hydration. In addition, this layer is responsible for the "spring back" or stretchy properties of skin. A weak glutenous protein bond pulls the skin back to its natural shape.

The thickness of the stratum corneum varies throughout the body. In the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet (sometimes knees, elbows, knuckles,) this layer is stabilized and built by the stratum lucidum (clear phase) which allows the cells to concentrate keratin and toughen them before they rise into a typically thicker, more cohesive stratum corneum. The mechanical stress of heavy structural strain causes this stratum lucidum phase in these regions which require additional protection in order to grasp objects, resist abrasion or impact, and avoid injury. In general, the stratum corneum contains 15 to 20 layers of corneocytes. The stratum corneum has a thickness between 10 and 40 μm.

In reptiles, the stratum corneum is permanent, and is replaced only during times of rapid growth, in a process called ecdysis or moulting. This is conferred by the presence of beta-keratin, which provides a much more rigid skin layer.

In the human forearm, about 1300 cells per cm2 per hour are shed. Stratum corneum protects the internal structures of the body from external injury and bacterial invasion.

Skin disease
An inability to correctly maintain the skin barrier function due to the dysregulation of epidermal components can lead to skin disorders. For example, a failure to modulate the activity of kallikreins via the disruption of the protease inhibitor LEKTI causes the debilitating disorder Netherton syndrome.

Hyperkeratosis is an increased thickness of the stratum corneum, and is an unspecific finding, seen in many skin conditions.

title: Stratum corneum


text:
Anaxilaus

Anaxilaus or Anaxilas of Larissa (Ἀναξίλαος, Ἀναξίλας; fl. 1st century BC) was a physician and Pythagorean philosopher. According to Eusebius, he was banished from Rome in 28 BC by Augustus on the charge of practicing magic. Anaxilaus wrote about the "magical" properties of minerals, herbs, and other substances and derived drugs, and is cited by Pliny in this regard. His exceptional knowledge of natural science allowed him to produce tricks that were mistaken for magic.

title: Anaxilaus


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chris Theobald

Young art student "generally unknown to the art community". Vanity (poss. third party) / promotion, no evidence of notability, does include date of birth. Have left what I hope is a nice message on the user page associated with this article viz inclusion of biographical articles. --Ianb 23:55, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Figure is not yet notable. Geogre 00:54, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Nice portait of Biggie Smalls, though. Assuming the image isn't a copyvio, please don't delete it, as it's also included in The Notorious B.I.G. article. --Benc 02:20, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Non-notable. Andris 10:31, Aug 6, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Villeneuve-au-Chemin

Old talk
The second sentence doesn't seem to make sense at all. What is this sentence about? MyNameIsNotBob

 * I've had a shot at fixing it. I think what happened is that somebody wrote this article by translating an article from the French, and didn't do a very good job. --Paul A 01:31, 7 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Villeneuve-au-Chemin


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Masanobu Tsuji

Masanobu Tsuji (辻 政信) was a Japanese army officer and politician. During World War II, he was an important tactical planner in the Imperial Japanese Army and developed the detailed plans for the successful Japanese invasion of Malaya at the start of the war. He also helped plan and lead the final Japanese offensive during the Guadalcanal Campaign.

A Pan-Asianist, Tsuji pressured Asian countries to support Japan in World War II, despite being involved in atrocities such as the Bataan Death March and Sook Ching. He meticulously planned the mass murders in Singapore and surrounding regions. He personally oversaw the Pantingan River massacre. He evaded prosecution for Japanese war crimes at the end of the war and hid in Thailand. He returned to Japan in 1949 and was elected to the Diet as an advocate of renewed militarism. Through the 50's he worked for American intelligence alongside Takushiro Hattori. In 1961, he disappeared on a trip to Laos.

Tsuji was among the most aggressive and influential Japanese militarists. He was a leading proponent of the concept of gekokujō, (literally "the bottom overthrowing the top") by acting without or contrary to authorization. He incited the 1939 border clash with the Soviet Union and was a vehement advocate of war against the United States.

Early life and career
Masanobu Tsuji was born in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. He received his secondary education at a military academy and later graduated from the War College.

By 1934, he was active in the Army's political intrigues as a member of the Tōseiha ("Control Faction") and helped block the attempted coup d'état of the rival Kōdōha ("Imperial Way Faction"). That brought him the patronage of General and future Prime Minister Hideki Tojo and General and future War Minister Seishirō Itagaki.

Atrocities and war crimes
From 1938 to 1939, Tsuji was a staff officer in the Kwantung Army in Japanese-occupied Mongolia. In March 1939, after the Japanese defeat at the hands of the Soviets at Changkufeng, Tsuji instigated an aggressive border policy, which triggered the Nomonhan Incident.

When the war against America and Britain started, Tsuji was on the staff of General Tomoyuki Yamashita, whose army invaded Malaya. He was largely responsible for planning Yamashita's successful landing in Malaya and subsequent campaign against Singapore. After the capture of Singapore, Tsuji helped plan the Sook Ching, a systematic massacre of thousands of Malayan Chinese who might be hostile to Japan.

He was then transferred to the staff of General Homma in the Philippines. After the US surrendered there, Tsuji sought to have all American prisoners killed and encouraged the brutal mistreatment and casual murder of prisoners in the Bataan Death March. He also had many captured officials of the Philippines government executed, including by ordering the execution of Filipino Chief Justice José Abad Santos and the attempted execution of former Speaker of the House of Representatives Manuel Roxas.

After the war, Japanese war criminals were prosecuted for the Bataan Death March, Sook Ching and other atrocities, but Tsuji fled and avoided trial. Some other army officials, who had followed Tsuji's command, were charged, and two of them were executed.

Homma countermanded many of execution orders that had been pushed through by the Tsuji clique, including the execution orders for future Philippine president Manuel Roxas who was the former speaker of the house of representatives at that time. Homma saw these execution orders as a dishonorable violation of bushido ethics. However, Douglas MacArthur held him responsible for the actions of his subordinates and he was executed while Tsuji was on the run.

World War II
In 1932, Tsuji saw action in China, and subsequently travelled as far as Sinkiang. He served as a staff officer in the Kwantung Army in 1937–1939. His aggressive and insubordinate attitude exacerbated the Soviet–Japanese border conflicts, and helped incite the Battle of Khalkhin Gol in 1939.

After the defeat at Khalkhin Gol, Tsuji opposed any further conflicts with the Soviet Union. After their attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, the Germans urged the Japanese to join the invasion, and many in the Japanese military wanted to avenge the defeat at Khalkhin Gol. However, Tsuji was an influential advocate of the attack on the United States. General Ryukichi Tanaka testified after the war that "the most determined single protagonist in favor of war with the United States was Tsuji Masanobu." Tsuji later wrote that his experience of Soviet firepower at Khalkhin Gol convinced him not to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.

His protectors in the Army got him safely transferred to Taiwan, where he helped organize the Army's jungle warfare school. He was then assigned to the Operations Section of the General Staff, where he became a strong advocate of war with the United States and Britain. It has been alleged that in late 1941, he planned the assassination of Prime Minister Konoe if Konoe achieved peace with the United States.

Tsuji planned the Japanese overland attack in New Guinea, via the Kokoda Trail. In that as in other operations, he ordered bold offensive moves, regardless of difficulties or the costs to the troops involved.

In late 1942, Tsuji went to Guadalcanal, where he planned and led the last major Japanese attack on October 23–24. After the attacks were defeated, Tsuji went to Tokyo in person to urge additional reinforcements. However, he then accepted the Navy's conclusion that nothing could get through and recommended the evacuation of the remaining troops. He impressed the Emperor with his frankness.

However, the Guadalcanal fiasco had discredited him. He was sent to the Japanese HQ in Nanking, which was largely inactive, for the next year. While there, he made contacts with various Chinese, including both collaborators and agents of Chiang Kai-shek's government.

In mid-1944, Tsuji was sent to Burma, where Japanese forces had been repulsed at Imphal. Tsuji was assigned to the 33rd Army, which faced the Chinese in northeastern Burma. He was an energetic and efficient planner, if notoriously arrogant, and once helped quell panic in the ranks by ostentatiously having a bath under fire in the front lines.

Postwar life and disappearance
When the Japanese position in Burma collapsed in 1945, Tsuji escaped, first to Thailand and then to China, where he renewed the contacts made in Nanking. He also visited Vietnam, which was in disorder with the Viet Minh resisting the re-establishment of French rule. In China, Tsuji was both a prisoner and an employee of Chinese intelligence.

In 1948, he was allowed to resign from Chinese service and returned to Japan. He began publishing books and articles about his war experiences, including an account of the Japanese victory in Malaya. He also wrote of his years in hiding in Senkō Sanzenri (潜行三千里;) "3,000 li (Chinese miles) in hiding", which became a best seller. He was elected to the Diet in 1952, and re-elected twice.

In April 1961, he traveled to Laos and was never heard from again. It was thought that he might have been killed in the Laotian Civil War, but there were also rumors that he became an advisor to the North Vietnamese government. He was declared dead on 20 July 1968.

Information later disclosed in CIA files
CIA files declassified in 2005–2006 show that Tsuji also worked for the CIA as a spy during the Cold War. The files also acknowledged Tsuji's writings in his book Senkō Sanzenri to be mostly factual. The documents described Tsuji to be an "inseparable pair" with Takushiro Hattori and stated them to be "extremely irresponsible" and that they "will not take the consequences for their actions." Additionally, Tsuji was stated to be "the type of man who given the chance, would start World War III without any misgivings." As an asset to the CIA, he was described as having no value because of lack of expertise in politics and information manipulation.

Additionally, the files contain information that Hattori had allegedly planned a coup to overthrow the Japanese government in 1952 that involved the assassination of Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida and replacing him with Ichiro Hatoyama of the DPJ, but Tsuji prevented the coup by persuading the group that the real enemies were not conservatives like Yoshida but the Socialist Party. However, the files also state that the CIA learned about the attempt only after the fact and that the information was gained from an unreliable source from China. Some academics such as the media theorist and Americanist Tetsuo Arima of Waseda University have suggested that the entire story might have been a bluff leaked to the Chinese by Tsuji himself as a way to make him seem more influential than he actually was.

According to the CIA files, when Tsuji returned to Vientiane from Hanoi, he was kidnapped by the Chinese Communist Party and was being imprisoned in Yunnan, ostensibly to be used in some way to worsen Japanese-American relations or Japan's standing in Southeast Asia. Tsuji was considered to be still alive as of 8 August 1962 on the basis of handwriting analysis conducted on the writing on an envelope that was brought on 24 August 1962. However, he was never heard from again.

Honors

 * Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd Class
 * Order of the Golden Kite, 4th Class and 5th Class
 * Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette
 * Decoration of Manchuria, 4th Class and 5th Class
 * Commemoration Medal of the Coronation of Emperor Showa
 * Commemoration Medal of the Census
 * Commemoration Medal of the Founding of Manchuria
 * Commemoration Medal of the 2,600th Year after the Accession of Emperor Jimmu
 * Campaign Medal of the Chinese Incident
 * Campaign Medal of the Manchurian Incident

title: Masanobu Tsuji


text:
Talk:Holy card

I grew up as a Catholic. I never knew they were called 'Holy cards'. They were sort of devotional or novena material. They were just part of the 'Catholic culture'.--Jondel 23:59, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I was never a Roman Catholic, but I find them intriguing; they seem to be the last place where the traditional attributes of the saints in art --- something everybody used to know, a part of medieval pop culture --- can still be found. Smerdis of Tlön 01:53, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Hmm, in Protestant/Evangelical circles, prayer cards are generally photographs of missionary families with their contact information and maybe a short paragraph about what their doing and/or a Bible verse. - Froese 01:30, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I have redirected the term Mass card here as it seems appropriate. It is a previously red-linked term commonly used in parts of Catholic Ireland as far as I'm aware - although I'm not entirely sure as to its worldwide use. --➨♀♂ Candlewicke STundefined 20:15, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

I think this page should be under wikiproject:catholisism - BennyK95  -  Talk  00:02, October 8 2009 (UTC)

Buddhism
It should here be known that something of such is present in Buddhism. Zazaban 04:03, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Holy card


text:
Talk:Chrysler A engine

 * Note: in progress--Sfoskett 18:46, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

"The A engine was first released in 1956, and was used exclusively in Plymouths until 1958" is not correct. I owned a 100% origional Dodge Sierra with a Red Ram A engine. GJ, --88.159.172.133 (talk) 19:00, 11 February 2012 (UTC) http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebruiker:GJ_D

a vs la egine similarity
there is "citation needed" after statement that a and la engines are very similar in design. yes, i would add the shortblcks are basically identical with many parts sharing. mopar to ya Go69mopar (talk) 22:43, 20 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chrysler A engine