text:
Jussieu Campus

The Jussieu Campus (Campus Universitaire de Jussieu) is a higher education campus located in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. It is the main campus of the Faculty of Science of Sorbonne University. Paris-VII University (now merged into University of Paris), was also originally located on the Jussieu campus, but moved to a new, independent campus,, in the new Paris Rive Gauche neighbourhood in 2006-2012.

History
The campus was opened in 1951 and eventually, it would host a great part of the old faculty of sciences of the Sorbonne. The campus is built on the site of the former "Halle aux Vins," a wine market created by Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1957, the first university buildings were built along the Eastern bank of the River Seine (le quai Saint-Bernard), and Rue Cuvier. In order to allow the wine market to remain on the site, the architects planned to construct the buildings on stilts above the roads of the market.

However, in 1964, with over 20,000 science students graduating high school (the baby boom generation), the old Sorbonne could not accommodate the influx of students. The Minister of Culture André Malraux entrusted architect Édouard Albert with the task of rapidly constructing a new science campus on the site. Albert's grand vision of modular metallic buildings, designed to facilitate interdisciplinary work and improve teaching, was never achieved and was eventually abandoned in 1972.

Facilities
Most of the campus consists in a regular grid of 6-floor wings; at the intersections are staircases and elevators. The grid is built above a large elevated slab; the buildings do not reach to the bottom of the slab, making it possible to walk across campus while remaining outdoors. Underneath the slab are ground-level and underground facilities, including a car park. The main front of Jussieu is bounded by a dry moat 10 meters deep; the main pedestrian entrance is a bridge over this moat that can be readily secured. The high-security features of the campus are likely a response to the student riots that occurred in 1968 in this neighbourhood.

The center of the campus is a skyscraper called Tour Zamansky, or Tour Jussieu, housing the university's administrative offices. Its height is 24 floors or 90 meters.

Some of the campus' research libraries (in mathematics, for instance) are among the largest and with the widest selection of books in France. Campus restaurants are located in the northeast corner of the campus, many of which afford a pleasant view of the Seine River.

Controversies and asbestos
The campus was often decried as an architectural failure. The hollow space under the building wings enables wind to build up its force, and thus the environment on the slab is unfriendly. Sound-proofing is very poor, with classes regularly having to briefly stop when someone flushes the toilet next door. The regular grid plan is confusing, and only long-time residents can move through without going back to the wind-blown ground level, since many corridors do not allow through-crossing (laboratories etc. have often chosen to lock their corridor for safety reasons). The campus had increasingly deteriorated since its construction, and its older tower stairwells and exteriors were covered in perpetual graffiti.

The most worrisome aspect of the Jussieu architecture was its extensive use of asbestos as a fire retardant. Asbestos fibers are carcinogenic when inhaled. As a consequence, the use of asbestos in buildings is prohibited in France, but was not at the time when the campus was built. The risks are particularly acute for workers who maintain the building (drilling walls, for example). In addition, the fire retardation is not considered sufficient, so that its metal frames would collapse in a large fire. An ambitious clean-up program was begun in 1997 after some high-profile protests. The wings are stripped of all equipment, walls, etc., down to the naked concrete frame, and are then rebuilt using more modern materials. Many advocated the destruction of Jussieu when the asbestos problem was addressed. However, the campus is protected as an architectural type, and must be restored to its original condition.

In 1996 Claude Allègre, a well known French politician and former scientist, opposed the removal of asbestos from the campus, describing it as harmless and dismissing concerns about it as a form of "psychosis created by leftists". The campus' asbestos is deemed to have killed 22 people and caused serious health problems in 130 others.

The 1997–2016 refurbishment completely removed the asbestos. This was also an opportunity to rebuild the campus to be more friendly to its inhabitants. The graffiti were removed; sound proofing and thermal isolation was added; many of the round stairwells were replaced by straight ones; openings were made to create vistas and let in light; the prefabs were destroyed and replaced by gardens; courtyards were covered by transparent roofing; a dry garden was created around the Zamansky building; and a restaurant was opened in the South-East courtyard.

Transportation
The campus is served by the Paris Métro station Jussieu, as well as numerous bus lines.

title: Jussieu Campus


text:
Compuware

Compuware Corporation was an American software company based in Detroit. The company offered products aimed at the information technology (IT) departments of large businesses, and its services also included testing, development, automation and performance management software for programs running on mainframe computer systems.

History
In 1973, Peter Karmanos Jr., Thomas Thewes, and Allen B. Cutting established Compuware Corporation to provide clients with professional technical services. By 1978, Compuware opened its first remote office to service the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore area. In 1992, the company completed its initial public offering (IPO) and traded on the NASDAQ under the symbol CPWR. At the end of 1998, Compuware surpassed the $1 billion revenue mark.

In 2003, Compuware moved their headquarters from Farmington Hills, Michigan to a new headquarters building in downtown Detroit. In November 2014, the company's headquarters building was sold to a joint venture of Dan Gilbert's real estate group Bedrock Real Estate and Meridian Health for $142 million and renamed One Campus Martius. Later in the year in December, Compuware was acquired by private equity firm Thoma Bravo for approximately $2.5 billion, becoming a privately held company. In the years after that the company experienced a period of growth and reinvention of mainframe software.

In March 2020, Compuware was acquired by BMC Software for $2 billion. Compuware ceased to exist as a company, but all of its products remain available under the name BMC Automated Mainframe Intelligence (BMC AMI). In October 2022, it was announced that BMC's Detroit office will return to the northwest suburbs of Detroit, moving from One Campus Martius downtown to the Southfield Town Center in nearby Southfield.

Integrations and Partnerships
Since 2014, Compuware (later BMC Compuware) has established multiple integrations and partnerships.

 * AppDynamics
 * Amazon Web Services
 * Atlassian JIRA
 * ASG
 * CloudBees
 * Dynatrace
 * Elastic
 * Jenkins
 * Parasoft
 * SonarSource
 * Splunk
 * Syncsort
 * XebiaLabs

Compuware Acquisitions
Compuware made the following acquisitions after going private in 2014, through its acquisition by BMC in 2020:

 * ISPW in January 2016
 * Itgrations in October 2016
 * Standard ware in December 2016
 * MVS Solutions in January 2017
 * XATester in July 2018
 * INNOVATION Data Processing in January 2020

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Compuware


text:
User talk:SWAdair/Archive1

'''This page is an archive. Please do not edit this page. If you would like to comment on something you see on this page, please comment on my current Talk page. Thank you.'''

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. This welcome message is probably a bit late as you seem to have a good grasp of everything already. Here's some useful links in case you haven't found them yet:
 * Goings-on; a central point for community members to collect current information
 * Village pump; a place to ask questions about Wikipedia
 * Bug reports; how to report bugs
 * Community Portal; useful links and tips
 * Nooks and corners of Wikipedia that should be frequented

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Angela. 16:21, Apr 2, 2004 (UTC)

Schnorrer-Shnorrer
I am not sure what you don't understand about the Schnorrer-Shnorrer redirect. Why shouldn't there be one? --Wik 02:55, Apr 13, 2004 (UTC)

I had never encountered the word before so I went checking dictionaries. Three different dictionaries (see Talk:Shnorrer) list the correct spelling as schnorrer. I agree there is no need to disambiguate Karl Schnörrer, but I would think the article should reside at Schnorrer, with Shnorrer being the redirect. SWAdair | Talk 03:09, 13 Apr 2004 (UTC)

 * Oh, that's OK with me. I was just disputing the Karl Schnörrer thing. --Wik 03:15, Apr 13, 2004 (UTC)

Misc. Note
Lol. Thanks for letting me know. --Voodoo 09:49, 16 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Jor
I wish I could enlighten you on the Jor situation but it has been classified "eyes-only" and I'd lose my sysop license if I discuss it.... nah, I just came in late to those events and can't tell you more than you already know. :) You probably have it right since Angela also has troll admirers who use her name.  I can only hope to achive the level of having such enemies... - Tεx τ urε 14:54, 20 Apr 2004 (UTC)

Edit conflict
No, you don't get an edit conflict when you revert a page. I'm not sure if that's a bug or a feature, but it 's mentioned in Revert. Angela. 09:07, May 1, 2004 (UTC)

Editing redirects
Hi! I think I've fixed all the double redirects involved with foreign relations of the United States. Such redirects are indeed not supported; there should be only one "hop" between a redirect and its target article.

It isn't hard to edit a redirect; when you're redirected somewhere, at the top of the article body (below the title) is a message in parentheses: {Redirected from ). Simply clicking that link will bring you to the referring redirect itself without re-redirecting you, allowing you to edit it. For future reference there's an explanation here: Editing_FAQ. Hope I've helped. :) -- Hadal 09:04, 5 May 2004 (UTC)

Speedy delete notice
ping 10:06, 15 May 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the advice, I had thought that putting up the mesage,  msg:delete, led to the page being automatically listed on speedy delettions.    That probably explains why i haven't been getting any feedback fro the sysops involved.

Just thought I'd let you know that you don't have to go to Speedy deletions and manually list pages under New Notices if you want a page deleted. If you just add, sysops will use what links here from the MediaWiki:Delete to find them. The only advantage to listing it as well is that you are then more likely to get feedback on items which don't end up being speedily deleted. It'll also happen slightly quicker, but it's by no means compulsory. Angela. 07:55, May 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks to the above link, this page now links there, too. Suggest replacing with MediaWiki:Delete. -- Chris 73 | Talk 08:48, 18 May 2004 (UTC)

 * Good point. I've changed my original text slightly. Angela. 20:58, May 18, 2004 (UTC)

Ah, thank you. I had no idea. I learn more about the Wikipedia all the time. Thank you for taking the time to fill me in. SWAdair | Talk 21:21, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

Hiding edit summary
Sorry, there isn't anything that can be done as only developers can remove edit summaries. There are a lot of users who write offensive edit summaries, but unless it causes legal problems, such as they are including libel in the summary, then it is just left as removing it would involve a developer manually editing the database. It has been done in some very rare cases, but not simply as a result of someone being rude about a user name. Angela. 15:41, 3 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Thanks For The Advice
I appreciate it, this website is kind of overwhelming at first. I'm not even sure if this is the proper way to communicate with other users. Oh well, THANKS AGAIN BUDDY!!!

-User Thomas Coppola

Thanks For The Advice, Vol. II
Dear Madam,

This is the anonymous user who created the Stain Internet Cafe site. Thank you for your positive encouragement concerning my experiences with Wikipedia. Just wanted to let you know my user name and what have you. See you around the site. --Marlowe 05:33, Jun 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Actually, I'm a he. (I understand the reason for the confusion, though - I don't indicate anything one way or the other on my user page.)  Again, welcome to Wikipedia.  'Glad to have you here.  SWAdair | Talk  05:55, 12 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Kasparov vs. World
I think this is one of the typical cases that the "removal allowed before five days" clause is written for. It was a mis-listing and rightly there was an overwhelming keep. Yes I should've archived the delete debate. Will do that later, got to head out right now. Pcb21| Pete 07:15, 12 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Butchart Gardens
Hey man, check out my new page Butchart Gardens, and let me know what you think.--Marlowe 00:32, Jun 13, 2004 (UTC)

Butchart Gardens
Actually, dear sir, I didn't use that website as my refence, strangely enough. I work on this site exclusively from my place of employment that has a block on all dot com sites. I can't actually view any dot com sites. I searched for some dot org sites and filled in the rest from memory. But perhaps the place I was using as a reference did the same thing as me. However, as "requisitioned" is a regular word in my vocabulary, perhaps I might just dull down my speech to avoid infringing on copyrighted material. --Marlowe 22:09, Jun 14, 2004 (UTC)

Heh
That crude, inarticulate (unarticulate?) post left on my Talk page was best removed for sure, and I'm glad you did it. However, I wrote it. It was a test of sorts, and well, I forgot to remove it.

WUML
I don't have a problem with articles about TV and radio stations (there are tons of them), though this isn't much more than a stub. Rick'''K 18:13, Jul 8, 2004 (UTC)

Deleted without explanation
In response to: (Replacing explanation and how-to-use-this-page information that was deleted without explanation by Buster2058) I can't explain because, A) I didn't do it. B) I didn't notice it was gone or I would have tried to fix it. See: User_talk:Buster2058 --Buster 06:50, Jul 10, 2004 (UTC)

Slashdotted
Saw your speedy delete edit message, yup, we did get /.ed, it was for the 300,000th article on the English Wikipedia. —siroχo 07:57, Jul 10, 2004 (UTC)
 * That explains it, alright. One after the other.  Thanks for the info.  A good thing I'm addicted to Recent Changes and New Pages.  SWAdair | Talk  08:05, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Same addiction here. I impulsively check the New Pages from IP addresses ( —siroχo 08:15, Jul 10, 2004 (UTC)

Deletion
SWAdair, I understand that you put the article The Seatbelts up for deletion a few days ago. You assumed it was a fictional band by taking the first result from Google and decided to put a delete marker on it without even giving me the chance to expand it. Well, it was expanded now, and people over at the deletion page seem to think that it should be deleted anyway. Why is beyond my comprehension, they have their own stupid resaons. However, it shouldn't have been there in the first place, so if you would re-evaluate the article and advocate for it to be kept I would be thankful. Sn0wflake 10:20, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Copy of reply posted on Sn0wflake's talk page:
 * Thank you for your polite note on my talk page. I'm still confused about this article, but you and others have made me doubt myself enough that I've changed my vote to abstain.  With the amount of "Keep" votes the article has, it should easily survive VfD.

 * I didn't actually just take the first Google hit and base my decision on that. Most Google hits are for the devices installed in cars.  Of the few relevant hits, there are two sites that list the band as having formed in 2048.  I'm still confused about that.  Could you please explain whatever it is that I'm not getting.  My head hurts thinking about this one.  :-)  Some helpful information would be what year the band formed and also a list of its discography, by year.

 * I'm sorry that one of your first experiences here was a VfD listing. All I can say is that the information I had to go on (the www) made this band appear to be fictional.  Welcome to the Wikipedia, and I hope to see you around.  SWAdair | Talk  04:03, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Boletaceae
In response to: You almost got the redirect right.... Thanks, I was just about to fix it myself, didn't really expect someone else to do it a minute after I created it :) --Aramgutang 09:02, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Custom CSS
For some rough instructions on how to use custom CSS and Javascript, see m:User styles. -- Cyrius|✎ 17:39, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Thanks!
I just wanted to thank you for such a kind note on my talk page. Turns out I've decided to stay, but I'm going to try and curb my VfD activities a bit. So yeah, you all get to put up with my nonsense again! Seriously, thank you for your thoughtfulness. - Lucky 6.9 19:50, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Coeur d'Alene (Tribe)
I will be re-working the ethnology section and adding to the bibliography. I provided edits for the temp page.

Can we change the title to Coeur d'Alene (Tribe)? Currently the title does not have a space before the parentheses. --Robbie Giles 17:12, Jul 25, 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm glad you're reworking that article. It pained me to have to list it as copyvio because it was such a good article.  You can effectively change the name of the article yourself to include the space.  Just place the reworked version at Coeur d'Alene (Tribe) and then list the non-space page on VfD.  BTW, I've checked some of your other edits.  Great work!  Keep typing.  :-)  SWAdair | Talk  00:52, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

General Maritime Corporation
How's this General Maritime Corporation? I couldn't open the company's PDFs on my work computer, so I may be able to find a bit more if I can open them at home. I didn't really try to verify notability, but probably any company that is listed on the NYSE, with shares held by multiple mutual funds, is notable enuf. A bit of a dry subject, but it was interesting to learn that oceanliners' (or at least tankers') size ratings are apparently partly based on which canals they can fit thru. Since the last two incoming messages were critical, I felt a bit of trepidation when I saw I had a new message, so it was sure nice to get such a complimentary one. Niteowlneils 04:59, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

re: Taxoboxes
I'd love to, but can't. I don't have the needed taxonomic information (order, family, genus, species). BTW, the format stuff is in the ToL WikiProject. --EmperorBMA|話す 00:26, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I wish there were a list... I had to find most of those out by trial and error. (IMO ToL should make a list or something) :P -- EmperorBMA|話す 01:15, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Edit summaries when reverting
I didn't actually revert his edit - actually, the thing about Ecademy had been in there a long time, that IP just added Shortcut. I merely removed the claims of best, oldest, etc. social network, mostly for NPOV's sake. Take a look at the diffs more closely. I probably should have written a summary, though. Andre 10:00, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

account for 209.68.182.172
Hi, I've been lazy, doing wikipedia edits in between other tasks and forgetting to log in. I'll try to use my login account more often. Thanks for the reminder. Dyl 19:57, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC)

Barnstar of Diligence Awarded

For your recent service of extraordinary worth to the wikipedia community, you are hereby awarded the barnstar of diligence. You may proudly display it on your user page if you choose. Pedant 07:31, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

asteroid pronunciations
Hi - I'm mostly adding pronunciations to the names of the moons. Most dictionaries don't include moon names, most encyclopedias don't bother with the pronunciations, and websites are often unreliable (even at JPL/NASA, by their own admission), so it takes a lot of time to work them out. I'm not planning on doing a whole lot with the asteroids, but thought I would cover the largest. So far I haven't created anything that didn't already have a link from an existing page. Eventually someone will probably get around to writing a stub, and when they do, the pronunciation will be there, to use if they want. If this is considered wasteful of server space, I can restrict myself to asteroids that already have a stub written. --kwami

PS. I accidently logged myself out for a while, so some of the edits might be anonymous.

Print head
Howdy. You marked print head as a candidate for speedy deletion. I agree with you that the articles contents weren't worth keeping, but could imagine people searching on the term. For now I've made it a redirect to computer printer and removed your speedy delete tag. - TB 08:51, Aug 13, 2004 (UTC)

Dubai International Airport
To tell you the truth, I didn't really take much time to read the article, I only reworded the sentence because it was POV. To answer your question, I believe "second leg" means the second half of the journey. Since the flight was on a Tehran-Bandar Abbas-Dubai route, I assume it meant that it was shot down somewhere between Bandar Abbas and Dubai. I think I'll reword that sentence so its meaning is clearer. Thanks. [[User:supadawg|supadawg - talk - contribs]] 16:34, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Duplicate VfD listing
I created the http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ listing as a part of NCEP. Being a bit new to the Wikipedia work, I still have limited understanding of the policies and strategies. After User:IFDWolff selected the entry for deletion, I re-edited the NCEP page to eliminate the need for the link, since it is a subdivision of the may NIH pages. User:MAlvis

Nomination for article un-deletion
Hello. I noted your recent support for the Empire of Atlantium article on VfD: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion/Atlantium The most recent VfD resulted in 19 people (40%) voting to retain vs 29 (60%) voting to delete. Despite the fact that the count was fully 9 votes short of achieving a 2/3 consensus, the article was deleted by a sysop. Because this appears to contravene VfD policy I have listed the article for un-deletion, which you might care to review and support, if you feel it is a valid listing: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Votes_for_undeletion --Gene_poole 23:38, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Adminship
Hi, SWAdair: Thank you for supporting my nomination for adminship. I am impressed and humbled that going on the words of David Cannon and Menchi alone was enough for you to decide to support me. I take your support and that of everyone else seriously, and would strive to exercise my adminship privileges judiciously and conservatively. --Sewing 01:31, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Hi again:
 * Thank you for your reply. And yes, I will strive to take as laissez faire and evenhanded approach as possible to the position.  I wouldn't want to be an admin if a some contributors couldn't trust my judgement.  At any rate, as far as possible, I plan to restrict myself to routine housekeeping, since so much of my wikitime is already consumed by just trying to maintain the Korean-topic articles: the reason for my being nominated in the first place! -山道子 (Sewing) - talk 04:07, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * By the way, you may want to update your Objectivist link on your user page, since it is linking to a disambiguation page.... -山道子 (Sewing) - talk 04:14, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Hi, SWAdair: Well, I am now officially an admin. Thanks again for your support, and especially for your many comments. I am frankly glad to know that other people view adminship with the same critical eye that I do, since people with such a point of view serve as a healthy check on the system. I am always suspicious of groupthink, even when my opinion is the same as the group's; and we can all think of examples of groupthink run amock.... Therefore, please be the first to nominate me for de-adminship if I succumb to groupthink, spout convenient excuses for my actions, or simply become a rogue admin. Yours, 山道子 (Sewing) - talk 13:49, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

VfD policy for dicdefs
Good afternoon, SWAdair. In light of the discussion at Votes for deletion/Sty, I have opened a discussion thread at Wikipedia talk:Deletion policy. I'd be interested in your thoughts. Thanks. Rossami 20:28, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Thistlewood Source
Don't apologize for being an American--I am too. Thistlewood was a minor figure, but an interesting one. See Cato Street Conspiracy. I've sourced my quote on Talk:Famous last words and copied it to my talk page as well. Quotations are a interest of mine--I'm up to 2100 in my notebooks of them. Let me know if I can help with articles you're working on--see the list of my interests on my user page. Ave atque vale! PedanticallySpeaking 14:15, Sep 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, no apologies -- former paratrooper, sworn to defend the constitution and fully aware of why that is important. I've learned the value, though, in acknowledging the limits of my knowledge base.  I describe myself as an infomaniac (one of the reasons I love the Wikipedia) and a quote fanatic.  I now have another quote to add to my collection.  Thank you.  SWAdair | Talk  04:03, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Permission
Sorry, I may have missed a comment on my talk page. Feel free to link to my pages. I have also been working on "what is notability," recently. I'm trying to formulate a set of criteria that might be helpful, and I'm at the pre-name space point with it. Like I said, feel free to link to my page. Geogre 00:17, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Nowiking links
Please stop vandalizing external links. anthony (see warning) 14:41, 3 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Anthony, I'm confused about something. You left a message on my talk page saying "Please stop vandalizing external links."  I was under the impression that it was standard procedure to nowiki links for pages that were undergoing VfD debate.  That is the only time I ever nowiki external links.  If I was mistaken, then I'm sorry.  It certainly was never intended as vandalism.  If you would be willing to take the time to fill me in, I would appreciate it.  Thank you.  SWAdair | Talk  03:35, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I can't be sure where I read it, but I'm rather sure that you're the one in the right, SWAdair. At least, that's what I recall reading. Ambi 04:27, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * I found it. For a while this was part of the instructions in the Template:VfDFooter.  On 16 Jul 2004 the instructions were changed to incorporate the warning about "You are about to edit the main page," and the nowiki section was not kept.  Anthony, you're right -- the current instructions do not call for nowiki-ing external links for articles on VfD.  Thank you for catching this.  SWAdair | Talk  04:58, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Sorry about the accusation that you were acting in bad faith. anthony (see warning) 10:51, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * No problem. You had no reason to believe otherwise.  SWAdair | Talk  02:49, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Chilef
Hi. Thanks for the notice. Thanks for remembering me ;-) I moved the entry from Chilef to the Village pump. I think this is a better place for the request, if i understood it correctly. Also dropped a note on the contributor talk page. Happy editing. -- Chris 73 Talk 08:41, Sep 4, 2004 (UTC)

Linkword
Thank you very much for the rewrite, I saw it as I was on my way to make the same rewrite. I had the Japanese program so I thought it was just one program. --Marco 11:24, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

VfD
Thank you for that rational summing up of just what goes through the heads of us nasty ol' deletionists. Have a cookie. -- Cyrius|✎ 17:04, 5 Sep 2004 (UTC)

George Squier
I created a Temp article for George O. Squier Equant 16:32, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

... and I'm wondering why the main page isn't being updated with the Temp article I wrote? I would do it, but it clearly has instructions not to do so. Equant 17:35, 10 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Thank you for all of your help and your kind words. I will read the articles that you suggested. Thanks again! Equant 06:48, 16 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Support
Thank you very much for your support during my recent run for adminship. I appreciated it very much. If you would like to talk sometime, please drop me a note on my talk page or email me. Mike H 00:30, Sep 10, 2004 (UTC)

To-do list
That was an accident! :) I was trying to make a to-do list in the template and messed up. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 15:12, 14 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * No problem! I think to-do lists are a fantastic idea, and I've been slapping them on a lot of talk page recently. [[User:Neutrality|Neutrality (talk)]] 03:19, 15 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Deletion policy
You make a good point. I took what I think are the two biggest speedy deletion reasons and listed them there, but I can see where a new person may misinterpret that. I would hope an admin would check the history first, particularly if the name of the article indicates a reasonable subject, but you never now. Vandalism is also mentioned in the "Problems that don't require deletion" preceding that second table though. I'll see if I can tweak the wording a bit to make that clearer. Thanks for pointing it out and picking my brain about it! -- Netoholic @ 15:51, 2004 Sep 14 (UTC)

WikiWatch Foundation
How ... interesting. Thanks for letting me know. RickK 04:18, Sep 18, 2004 (UTC)

Harsh Realm
Harsh Realm was a TV series. It was broadcast on Fox and starred Terry O'Quinn. I have no idea why the guy who created that page did it as if it's real, but I think it should go for clean-up rather than speedy deletion. But it might also be worth checking for copywrite violation. 172.189.81.8 04:17, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Thank you for that information. I've reverted my own edit so it is now listed for cleanup.  SWAdair | Talk  10:49, 19 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Admin Nomination
We exchanged messages earlier about Arthur Thistlewood for your famous last words page. I'm running for administrator--User:Deb was kind enough to nominate me at my request--and wonder if I could have your vote at Requests for adminship. Ave! PedanticallySpeaking 20:16, Sep 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * I would love to vote Support for your nomination... in a couple of months. As Deb points out, no news is good news.  That means you're making solid edits, positive contributions.  You're doing a lot of work but admin status is mainly useful for "caretaker" type of duties.  What I look for when considering an admin nomination is how active a person already is in administrative tasks.  There are a lot of ways you can help admins without already being one -- patrolling Special:Recent Changes, Special:New Pages, RC patrol, Vandalism in progress, Votes for Deletion, etc.  When you start doing those sorts of tasks, you're going to encounter "difficult" situations (i.e. conflict).  How you handle those situations is one of the most important things that I, and many others who watch RfA, will consider in a candidate.  So far I love what I've seen of your work, but admin status isn't needed to simply be a contributor.  If you intend to "grab the mop and bucket," I need to see how you use them before I can vote support.  You've proven yourself an excellent contributor.  Now I'll be watching to see you prove yourself an excellent caretaker.  :-)  SWAdair | Talk  02:17, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your kind words. Since there is such opposition to my nomination for administratorship, I've asked for it to be withdrawn and posted an explanation of my frequent edits on Requests for adminship.  PedanticallySpeaking 19:16, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

Thank you for all your help...
... including the archival of a certain talk page. You've pointed out, I do have a problem with acerbity, and I'm watching out for that more. (It's funny, in my offline life, I'm usually the one showing others how they can phrase their criticism to be maximally constructive and minimally offensive!) I appreciate your help, and if there's ever a time you could use my help, please ask. -- Antaeus Feldspar 04:23, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

VfD
Hi - saw your note on Geogre's talk page about VFD. The listing looks fine to me though - did you figure out the problem? — Kate Turner | Talk 05:00, 2004 Sep 24 (UTC)

Princeton Project 55
Incidentally, I added Princeton Project 55 to the VfD page. I saw that you had already started the subpage--to which I added my vote. ---Rednblu 05:55, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

---

I think the problem was caused by there being a blank line just before the last line. When I removed the blank line, the display work correctly. :) ---Rednblu 08:07, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:SWAdair/Archive1


text:
Salvia yangii

Salvia yangii, previously known as Perovskia atriplicifolia, and commonly called Russian sage, is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant and subshrub. Although not previously a member of Salvia, the genus widely known as sage, since 2017 it has been included within them. It has an upright habit, typically reaching 0.5-1.2 m tall, with square stems and gray-green leaves that yield a distinctive odor when crushed. It is best known for its flowers. Its flowering season extends from mid-summer to late October, with blue to violet blossoms arranged into showy, branched panicles.

It is native to the steppes and hills of southwestern and central Asia. Successful over a wide range of climate and soil conditions, it has since become popular and widely planted. Several cultivars have been developed, differing primarily in leaf shape and overall height; 'Blue Spire' is the most common. This variation has been widely used in gardens and landscaping. S. yangii was the Perennial Plant Association's 1995 Plant of the Year, and the 'Blue Spire' cultivar received the Award of Garden Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society.

The species has a long history of use in traditional medicine in its native range, where it is employed as a treatment for a variety of ailments. This has led to the investigation of its phytochemistry. Its flowers can be eaten in salads or crushed for dyemaking, and the plant has been considered for potential use in the phytoremediation of contaminated soil.

Description
Salvia yangii is a deciduous perennial subshrub with an erect to spreading habit. Superficially, it resembles a much larger version of lavender. Multiple branches arise from a shared rootstalk, growing to a height of 0.5-1.2 m, with occasional specimens reaching 1.5 m. The mature plant may be 0.6-1.2 m across. The rigid stems are square in cross-section, and are covered by an indumentum formed by stellate, or star-shaped, trichomes and oil droplets. Especially during autumn, these hairs give the stems a silvery appearance.

The grayish-green leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, and attached to the stems by a short petiole. They are generally 3 - 5 cm long and 0.8 - 2 cm wide, although narrower in some populations. The overall leaf shape is oblate, a rounded shape longer than it is wide, to lanceolate, shaped like the head of a lance. They are pinnatipartite, with a deeply incised leaf margin that may be either wavy or sharp-toothed; even within a single community of S. yangii, there can be considerable variation in the details of leaf shape. Leaves near the top of branches may merge into bracts. The foliage is aromatic, especially when crushed, with a fragrance described as sage-like, a blend of sage and lavender, or like turpentine.

The flowering season of S. yangii can be as long as June through October, although populations in some parts of its range, such as China, may bloom in a much more restricted period. The inflorescence is a showy panicle, 30 - 38 cm, with many branches. Each of these branches is a raceme, with the individual flowers arranged in pairs called verticillasters. Each flower's calyx is purple, densely covered in white or purple hairs, and about 4 mm long. The corolla is tube-shaped, formed from a four-lobed upper lip and a slightly shorter lower lip; the blue or violet blue petals are about 1 cm long. The style has been reported in both an exserted—extending beyond the flower's tube—form and one contained within the flower; all known examples of S. yangii in cultivation have exserted styles. Gardening author Neil Soderstrom describes the appearance of the flowers from a distance as "like a fine haze or fog".

The fruits develop about a month after flowering, and consist of dark brown oval nutlets, about 2 x.

Phytochemistry
The phytochemistry of Russian sage is under basic research. Analysis of its essential oil has identified over two dozen compounds, although the compounds detected and their relative prevalence have not been consistent. Most analyses have identified various monoterpenes and monoterpenoids as the dominant components, such as carene, eucalyptol, limonene, γ-terpinene, and (+)-β-thujone, although the essential oil of a sample from the Orto Botanico dell'Università di Torino had camphor as its most prevalent component. Other monoterpenes, camphene, α-pinene, and β-pinene are also present, as are sesquiterpenes such as γ-cadinene, δ-cadinene, trans-caryophyllene, and α-humulene. Several terpenoid alcohols—borneol, cedrol, and menthol—have been extracted, as have caffeic acid and ferulic acid. More complex compounds have been isolated, some of which were first identified in this manner, including perovskatone; the glycosides atriplisides A and B; and atricins A and B, a pair of triterpenes that are similar to oleanane. Four diterpene glucosides have been isolated by extraction.

Similar species
Nine species are recognised within Salvia subg. Perovskia. S. abrotanoides shares much of the range of S. yangii, but is distinguished by its bipinnate leaves. Hybrids between these two species may occur naturally. Restricted to Turkestan in its native range, P. scrophularifolia is less upright; some forms have white flowers. The flowers of P. scabiosifolia are yellow.

Taxonomy
Salvia yangii was described, under the name Perovskia atriplicifolia, by George Bentham in 1848, based on a specimen collected by William Griffith in Afghanistan, now preserved at the Kew Gardens herbarium as the species's holotype. The specific epithet atriplicifolia means "with leaves like Atriplex", referring to its similarity to saltbush. While commonly known as Russian sage, S. yangii is not native to Russia.

A population collected in Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, China was described as a separate species in 1987 and given the name Perovskia pamirica, but was later considered synonymous with P. atriplicifolia.

In 2017, P. atriplicifolia was transferred to the genus Salvia. The combinations Salvia atriplicifolia and Salvia pamirica, however, have already been preoccupied by distinct taxa, thus new specific epithet yangii, honouring Yang Changyou, one of the authors of P. pamirica, was given to the species.

Phylogenetics
Within the family Lamiaceae, the large genus Salvia had long been believed monophyletic, based on the structure of its stamens. Several smaller genera, including Dorystaechas, Perovskia, and Meriandra were also included in tribe Mentheae, but were thought to be more distantly related. In 2004, a molecular phylogenetics study based on two cpDNA genes (rbcL and trnL-F) demonstrated that Salvia is not monophyletic, but comprises three identifiable clades. Clade I is more closely related to Perovskia than to other members of Salvia.

S. yangii has been the subject of subsequent studies seeking to clarify the relationships within Mentheae. Further research combined palynological analysis of pollen grains with rbcL sequencing to provide additional support for the relationship between Perovskia and Salvia clade I. It also distinguished between S. yangii and S. abrotanoides, while confirming their close relationship. A subsequent multigene study (four cpDNA markers and two nrDNA markers) redrew parts of the Mentheae cladogram, making Rosmarinus a sister group to Perovskia.

Cultivars
Several cultivars of S. yangii have been developed. They are primarily distinguished by the height of mature plants and the depth of the leaf-margin incisions. Many of these cultivars, especially those with deeply incised leaves, may actually be hybrids of S. yangii and S. abrotanoides. In that context, some may be referred to by the hybrid name Perovskia ×hybrida.

The most common cultivar, 'Blue Spire', is among those suspected of being a hybrid. It was selected from German plantings by the British Notcutts Nurseries, and first exhibited in 1961. 'Blue Spire' grows to approximately 1.2 m, and has large, darker blue flowers. In 1993, it received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

'Filigran' reaches a height of 1.2 to 1.3 m; this tall, sturdy cultivar's name is German for filigree, in reference to its lacy, fern-like foliage. 'Little Spire' is shorter, with a mature height of only 0.6 meter. 'Longin' is similar in height to 'Blue Spire' but more upright. Allan Armitage established the late-flowering cultivar 'Mystery of Knightshayes' from a plant at Knightshayes Court. Other cultivars include 'Blue Haze', 'Blue Mist', 'Hybrida' (also called 'Superba'), 'Lace', 'Lisslit', 'Rocketman', and 'WALPPB'.

Distribution and habitat
Widely distributed across Asia in its native range, S. yangii grows in western China, northwestern India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, and parts of eastern Europe. It is found in steppes and on hillsides, and grows at higher elevations in mountainous regions, including the Himalayas. It has been recorded at 10,000 feet of altitude in the Karakoram. In Pakistan's Quetta district, it is often found in association with the grass Chrysopogon aucheri, and may serve as an indicator species for soils with low calcium carbonate and chloride availability. The harsh habitats preferred by S. yangii are comparable to the sagebrush steppe of North America.

Ecology
In parts of its range, such as the Harboi, these steppe ecosystems are employed as rangeland for grazing animals such as sheep and goats, although this forage is generally of poor nutritional quality. S. yangii can serve as an important source of phosphorus and zinc, despite being high in poorly-digested material such as neutral detergent fiber and lignin.

Cultivation
Following its introduction to the United Kingdom in 1904, the Irish gardener and author William Robinson was immediately taken with the plant, which he described as being "worth a place in the choicest garden for its graceful habit and long season of beauty." The Royal Horticultural Society records the establishment of cultivars beginning with P.  'Hybrida', selected at a Hampshire nursery in the 1930s. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, S. yangii had gained widespread popularity, and in 1995, it was selected as the Perennial Plant Association's Plant of the Year.

The cultivar 'Blue Spire ' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Planting and care
Russian sage is a perennial plant suitable for a wide range of conditions, at least where its tendency to spread will not be a problem. The species prefers full sun. Specimens planted in partially shaded locations tend to spread or flop, although this behavior can be controlled somewhat by pinching young shoots or by providing a strong-standing accompaniment that the plant can drape itself around for support. Flowers bloom only on new growth. Plants trimmed to 15 – in early spring provide the best subsequent growth and flowering.

Tolerant of both heat and cold, it is grown in North America in United States Department of Agriculture hardiness zones three through nine, although some cultivars may be better suited than others to extremes of temperature. It is successfully grown from the southwestern United States, north and east across much of the country, and across the Canada–US border into Ontario and Quebec. In the coldest of these areas, it may require considerable protection to survive the winter. In the United Kingdom, the Royal Horticultural Society has assigned it hardiness rating H4, indicating that it tolerates temperatures as low as -10 to -5 C, hardy in most of the country through typical winters.

It also tolerates a variety of soil conditions. Although young specimens perform best when planted in a mixture of peat and either sand or perlite, S. yangii can thrive in sandy, chalky, or loamy soil, or heavy clay soil with sufficient drainage. It can endure a wide range of soil pH, as well as exposure to salty conditions near oceans. Its deep-feeding taproot makes it especially drought tolerant; for this reason it has seen wide use for xeriscaping in the Intermountain West. Overwatering and over-fertilization can damage its roots and lead to a rapid decline in health. S. yangii is otherwise generally free from plant pathogens. In cultivation, it is also rarely selected as forage by grazing animals, and so is considered both a deer-resistant and rabbit-resistant plant.

Landscaping
Russian sage has been praised for its usefulness in gardens and landscaping features. It is most commonly planted as an accent feature, such as an "island" in an expanse of lawn, but it can also be used as filler within a larger landscaping feature, or to enhance areas where the existing natural appearance is retained. Gardening author Troy Marden describes S. yangii as having a "see-through" quality that is ideal for borders. Some experts suggest groups of three plants provide the best landscape appearance. It is also suitable for container gardening. It does have an undesirable tendency to spread via rhizomes beyond it original planting.

It attracts bees, hummingbirds, and butterflies, and contributes color to gardens—both the blue of its late-season flowers, and the silvery colors of its winter stalks.

Propagation
Russian sage is frequently propagated by cuttings. Because its woody crown is resistant to division, softwood cuttings are taken from shoots near the base, generally in late spring. Hardwood cuttings selected in mid-to-late summer also provide a viable propagation technique. The plant is also grown from seed in cultivation. Such seeds require exposure to cold for 30–160 days to germinate, and seed-raised specimens may not preserve the characteristics of named cultivars. In the commercial greenhouse or nursery setting, its relatively large size and rapid growth can adversely affect quality or make plants more difficult and expensive to transport; the use of plant growth regulators such as chlormequat chloride and daminozide may be more cost-effective than large-scale pruning.

Some members of the Lamiaceae can spread unchecked and become invasive plants. Planting of Russian sage near wild lands has been discouraged by some gardening guides out of concern for its potential to spread, but it is not yet considered invasive, and has been suggested as a substitute for purple loosestrife for this reason.

Uses
Russian sage has a long history of use in traditional medicine, and is smoked as a euphoriant.

In addition to its use in folk medicine, it is sometimes used in Russia to flavor a vodka-based cocktail. Its flowers are eaten in parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan, including Kashmir, adding a sweet flavor to salads.

This species is considered a candidate for use in phytoremediation because of its rapid growth, tolerance for harsh conditions, and ability to accumulate toxic heavy metals from polluted soil.

The essential oil can function as a biopesticide, especially regarding Tropidion castaneum beetles and Camponotus maculatus carpenter ants.

title: Salvia yangii


text:
Kipper (medieval tournament)

In medieval tournaments a kipper was a person employed by a knight, usually a vassal of the knight such as a slave, serf, or peasant. Kippers might also be fighters of non-knightly status, who therefore did not fight on horseback.

The function of the kipper was to follow his knight in combat and retrieve armour or arms from fallen adversaries. If the adversary was not completely subdued and ready to surrender these, the kipper would bang on the armour-clad opponent with various blunt non-lethal instruments, like heavy sticks or clubs, to knock him unconscious for the purpose of gathering the spoils without further protest.

It was the right of a knight to seize the armour and weapons of a fallen adversary during a tournament. In the early days, tournament fighting was not much different from open warfare, with few rules and none of the pomp and ceremony of the later tournaments. In this chaotic mêlée, kippers were therefore mere foot soldiers of the tournament, and it was not their function or intention to participate in the fighting.

In the later Middle Ages, when tournaments no longer resembled actual warfare and the chivalric code became more popular, kippers were frowned upon. Less warlike and more honorable tournament conduct was encouraged.

The word kipper is cognate with Icelandic kippa ("to pull, snatch"), Danish kippen ("to seize"), and a Middle High German word that means "to beat or kick".

title: Kipper (medieval tournament)


text:
User talk:Trids

Sandbox of the Famous Trids
This page appears under my personal "Talk" link. Let's see how it works and where it goes ;o)

What's in the plus?
This lies behind the "+" tab

title: User talk:Trids


text:
Vehicle Excise Duty

Vehicle Excise Duty (VED; also known as "vehicle tax", "car tax", and "road tax", and formerly as a "tax disc") is an annual tax levied as an excise duty, and which must be paid for most types of powered vehicles which are to be used or parked on public roads in the United Kingdom. Registered vehicles that are not being used or parked on public roads and which have been taxed since 31 January 1998 must be covered by a Statutory Off Road Notification (SORN) to avoid VED. In 2016, VED generated approximately £6 billion for the Exchequer.

A vehicle tax was first introduced in Britain in 1888. In 1920, an excise duty was introduced that specifically applied to motor vehicles; initially it was hypothecated (ring-fenced or earmarked) for road construction and paid directly into a special Road Fund. After 1937, this reservation of vehicle revenue for roads was ended, and instead the revenue was paid into the Consolidated Fund – the general pot of money held by government. Since then, maintenance of the UK road network has been funded out of general taxation, of which VED is a part.

Current regulations
VED across the United Kingdom is collected and enforced by the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA). Until 2014, VED in Northern Ireland was collected by the Driver and Vehicle Agency there; responsibility has since been transferred to the DVLA.

The licence is issued upon payment of the appropriate VED amount (which may be zero). Owners of registered vehicles which have been licensed since 31 January 1998 and who do not now wish to use or store a vehicle on the public highway are not required to pay VED, but are required to submit an annual Statutory Off-Road Notification (SORN). Failure to submit a SORN is punishable in the same manner as failure to pay duty when using the vehicle on public roads.

Until 1 October 2014 a vehicle licence (tax disc) had to be displayed on a vehicle (usually adhered inside the windscreen on the nearside, thus easily visible to officials patrolling roads on foot) as evidence of having paid the duty. Since that date, the circular paper discs have not been issued and there is no longer a requirement to display a disc as the records are now stored in a centralised database and accessible using the vehicle registration plate details.

Cars
There are three payment schedules in effect, depending on whether the car was first registered before or after 1 April 2017, or before 1 March 2001. Further changes will come into effect in April 2025, affecting new and existing electric vehicles.

Registered before 1 March 2001
For cars registered before 1 March 2001 the excise duty is based on engine size.

Registered before 1 April 2017
For vehicles registered between 1 March 2001 and 31 March 2017 charges are based on theoretical CO2 emission rates per kilometre. The price structure was revised from 1 April 2013 to introduce an alternative charge for the first year (the standard cost was not changed, and remained the same as for 2001 onwards). The "first year rate" only applies in the year the vehicle was first registered and is said by the government to be designed to send "a stronger signal to the buyer about the environmental implications of their car purchase".

Alternative fuel cars (TC59) all warrant a £10 discount from the below, except when zero-rated. Charges as applicable from 1 April 2022:

Registered after 1 April 2017
The biggest changes from April 2017 are that hybrid vehicles are no longer be rated at £0, and that cars with a retail price of £40,000 and over pay a supplement for years 2 to 6. For cars with a "list price" over £40,000 an additional amount – the 'expensive car supplement' – is paid at the first five annual renewals, i.e. in years 2 to 6 of the vehicle's life. In this supplement was increased to £355. At first the supplement applied to all types of car, but the 2020 Budget provided an exemption for zero-emission vehicles (both new and existing), effective from 1 April 2020.

Changes on 1 April 2025
In November 2022, the UK government announced that reduced tax rates for zero-emission vehicles would cease on 1 April 2025, making rates the same as for those with internal combustion engines. The changes affect new and existing vehicles as follows:

 * Zero-emission cars first registered on or after 1 April 2017 will pay the 1–50g/km rate in their first year of registration, and the standard annual rate in subsequent years.
 * The £10 reduction for alternative fuel vehicles and hybrid vehicles will be removed, bringing them also onto the standard rate.
 * The exemption from the expensive car supplement was already due to end in 2025.

Light goods vehicles (TC39)
Registered on or after 1 March 2001 and not over 3,500 kg revenue weight (also known as maximum or gross vehicle weight).

Euro 4 light goods vehicles (TC36)
Registered between 1 March 2003 and 31 December 2006, Euro 4 compliant and not over 3,500 kg revenue weight.

Euro 5 light goods vehicles (TC36)
Registered between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2010, Euro 5 compliant and not over 3,500 kg revenue weight.

Trade licences
Trade licences are available for between 6 and 12 months, depending on the month in which the application is made.

Heavy goods vehicles
Taxation for use of heavy goods vehicles on UK roads are based on the size, weight per axle.

The HGV levy is suspended from 1 August 2020 to 31 July 2023 to support the haulage sector and aid pandemic recovery efforts.

Previous rates were:

Exempt vehicles
Various classes and uses of vehicle are exempt, including vehicles older than 40 years (see below), trams, vehicles which cannot convey people, police vehicles, fire engines, ambulances and health service vehicles, mine rescue vehicles, lifeboat vehicles, certain road construction and maintenance vehicles, vehicles for disabled people, certain agricultural and land maintenance vehicles, road gritters and snow ploughs, vehicles undergoing statutory tests, vehicles imported by members of foreign armed forces, and crown vehicles. Electrically propelled vehicles were exempt until 1995 (at a time when the most common electric vehicles were milk floats); today, they are not exempt, but are generally zero rated.

Each year on 1 April, vehicles constructed more than forty years before the start of that year become eligible for a free vehicle licence under "historic vehicle" legislation. This is due to the age of the vehicle and a presumption of limited mileage. Initially this was a rolling exemption applied to any vehicles over 25 years old; however, in 1997 the cutoff date was frozen at 1 January 1973. The change to "pre-1973" was unpopular in the classic motoring community, and a number of classic car clubs campaigned for a change back to the previous system. In 2006 there were 307,407 vehicles in this category.

As of 1 April 2014, vehicles manufactured before 1 January 1974 became exempt from the VED (Finance Act 2014, as set out in the 2013 Budget, 20 March 2013).

In the 2014 Budget, the government introduced a forty-year rolling exemption, with vehicles built before 1 January 1975 becoming exempt on 1 April 2015 and so on.

Enforcement
In 2008 it was reported that flaws in DVLA enforcement practices have meant that more than a million late-paying drivers per year have evaded detection, which lost £214 million in VED revenue during 2006. It was estimated that 6.7% of motorcycles were not taxed in 2007. Since then better systems reduced the loss to an estimated £33.9 million in 2009/2010.

Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) systems are being used to identify untaxed, uninsured vehicles and stolen cars.

History

Following the 1888 budget, two new vehicle duties were introduced – the locomotive duty and the trade cart duty (a general wheel-tax also announced in the same budget was abandoned). The locomotive duty was levied at £5 (equivalent to £0 as of ), for each locomotive used on the public roads and the trade cart duty was introduced for all trade vehicles (including those which were mechanically powered) not subject to the existing carriage duty, with the exception of those used in agriculture and those weighing less than 10 cwt-imperial, at the rate of 5s (£0.25) per wheel.

The Road Fund
In the budget of 1909, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, David Lloyd George announced that the roads system would be self-financing, and so from 1910 the proceeds of road vehicle excise duties were dedicated to fund the building and maintenance of the road system. Even during this period the majority of the cost of road building and improvement came from general and local taxation owing to the tax being too low for the upkeep of the roads.

The Roads Act 1920 required councils to "register all new vehicles and to allocate a separate number to each vehicle" and "make provision for the collection and application of the excise duties on mechanically propelled vehicles and on carriages". The Finance Act 1920 introduced a "Duty on licences for mechanically propelled vehicles" which was to be hypothecated – that is, the revenue would be exclusively dedicated to a particular expenditure, namely the newly established Road Fund. Excise duties specifically for mechanically propelled vehicles were first imposed in 1921, along with the requirement to display a vehicle licence (tax disc) on the vehicle.

End of hypothecation
The accumulated Road Fund was never fully spent on roads (most of it was spent on resurfacing, not the building of new roads), and became notorious for being used for other government purposes, a practice introduced by Winston Churchill when he was Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1926, by which time the direct use of taxes collected from motorists to fund the road network was already opposed by many in government, the Chancellor, Winston Churchill is reported to have said in a memo: "Entertainments may be taxed; public houses may be taxed ... and the yield devoted to the general revenue. But motorists are to be privileged for all time to have the tax on motors devoted to roads? This is an outrage upon ... common sense." Hypothecation came to an end in 1937 under the 1936 Finance Act, and the proceeds of the vehicle road taxes were paid directly into the Exchequer. The Road Fund itself, then funded by government grants, was not abolished until 1955.

1990s
Since 1998, keepers of registered vehicles which had been licensed since 1998, but which were not currently using the public roads, have been required to submit an annual Statutory Off-Road Notification (SORN). Failure to submit a SORN is punishable in the same manner as failure to pay duty when using the vehicle on public roads. It was announced in the 2013 Budget that SORN declarations would become perpetual, thus removing the need for annual renewal after the initial declaration has been made. In June 1999, a reduced VED band was introduced for cars with an engine capacity up to 1100cc. The cost of 12 months tax for cars up to 1100cc was £100, and for those above 1100cc was £155.

Emissions ratings tax
During the 1990s, political arguments were put forward for the abolition of VED. Among the proposals was a suggestion that VED could be replaced by increased fuel duty as an incentive for consumers to purchase vehicles with lower emission ratings. The proposal was politically unappealing, as it would increase costs for businesses and for people living in rural areas. Rather than abolish VED, the Labour government under Tony Blair introduced a new system for calculating of VED that was linked explicitly with a vehicle's carbon emissions ratings, as a means for vehicle emissions control. Since then, VED was levied in a system of tax bands based on CO2 ratings.

In the pre-budget report of 27 November 2001 the Government announced that VED for HGVs could be replaced, by a new tax based on distance travelled, the Lorry Road-User Charge (LRUC). At the same time, the rate of fuel duty would be cut for such vehicles. As at the start of 2007 this scheme is still at a proposal stage and no indicated start date has been given. The primary aim of the proposed change was that HGVs from the UK and the continent would pay exactly the same to use British roads (removing the ability of foreign vehicles to pay no UK tax). However, it was also expected that the tax would be used to influence routes taken (charging lower rates to use motorways), reduce congestion (by varying the charge with time of day), and encourage low emissions ratings vehicles.

In tax year 2002–2003, it is estimated that evasion of the tax equated to a loss to the Exchequer of £206 million. In an attempt to reduce this, from 2004 an automatic £80 penalty (halved if paid within 28 days) is issued by the DVLA computer for failure to pay the tax within one month of expiry. A maximum fine of £1,000 applies for failure to pay the tax, though in practice fines are normally much lower.

In June 2005 the government announced plans to adopt a road user charging scheme for all road vehicles, which would work by tracing the movement of vehicles using a telematics system. The idea raised objections on civil and human rights grounds that it would amount to mass surveillance. An online petition protesting this was started and reached over 1.8 million signatures by the closing date of 20 February 2007.

In April 2009 there was a reclassification to the CO2 rating based bandings with the highest set at £455 per year and the lowest at £0; the bandings have also been backdated to cover vehicles registered on or after 1 March 2001, meaning that vehicles with the highest emissions ratings registered after this date pay the most. Vehicles registered before 1 March 2001 will still continued to be charged according to engine size, above or below 1549cc.

In 2009 a consultation document from the Scottish Government raised the possibility of a VED on all road users including cyclists, but there was a strong consensus against this.

From 2010 a new first year rate is to be introduced – dubbed a showroom tax. This new tax was announced in the 2008 budget, and the level of tax payable will be based on the vehicle excise duty band, ranging from £0 for vehicles in the lower bands, up to £950 for vehicles in the highest band.

VED can be automatically be collected from a bank account by Direct Debit, but this cannot be applied to vehicles with a £0 VED; for these, a paper reminder is sent to the registered keeper, who then has to renew at a post office or online. 34,000 drivers were fined in 2017/18 for not renewing.

title: Vehicle Excise Duty


text:
Guido Borelli

Guido Borelli da Caluso is an Italian painter. He was born in Caluso in 1952. He comes from an artistic background, and his family always encouraged him to develop his talent, as early as childhood. He won a contest at 13 and held his first exhibition at the age of 17 at Ars Plauda Gallery in Turin. After high school, he received his artistic training at the Accademia Albertina in Turin. Today, he has permanent exhibitions in art galleries, in Italy, France, the United Kingdom and in the U.S.

Permanent exhibitions

 * Gallery 1000, Carmel, CA -
 * Marlin Art - Deer Park, NY- United States
 * Galerie d'Art -Art Passion-, Saint Paul de Vence - France
 * Paul Robinson Gallery -Marietta-GA- United States
 * French Art Network, New Orleans - United States
 * StewArt Gallery, Battle - UK
 * www.fineartamerica.com
 * Galleria Esposti-Milano-Italy

title: Guido Borelli


text:
Tartaglia

Tartaglia may refer to:

 * Tartaglia (commedia dell'arte), Commedia dell'arte stock character
 * Angelo Tartaglia (1350 or 1370–1421), Italian condottiero
 * Nicolo Tartaglia (1499/1500–1557), Venetian mathematician and engineer
 * Ivo Tartaglia (1880–1949), Yugoslav politician
 * Marino Tartaglia (1894–1984), Croatian painter
 * Warren Tartaglia (1944-1965), American jazz musician
 * Philip Tartaglia (1951–2021), Roman Catholic Archbishop of Glasgow, Scotland
 * Antonio Tartaglia (born 1968), Italian bobsledder
 * John Tartaglia (born 1978), American singer, actor, dancer and puppeteer
 * Tartaglia, a playable character in Genshin Impact

title: Tartaglia


text:
VED

VED or Ved may refer to:

 * Vehicle Excise Duty, paid to acquire a vehicle licence in UK
 * Vedas, Hindu religious texts
 * Vacuum Erection Device, a treatment for erectile dysfunction
 * Visual Enunciation Display, a Telecommunications device for the deaf
 * Ved, a character from The Tribe 1999 TV series', a post-apocalyptic teen drama
 * Ved Vardhan Sahni, a character in the 2015 Indian film Tamasha, played by Ranbir Kapoor
 * Ved (mythology), hairy humanoid in south Slavic mythology
 * VEd – design shear force according to Eurocodes
 * Ved, a 2022 Indian Marathi-language film

People

 * Lea Ved, American dancer and choreographer

title: VED


text:
Love's Philosophy

"Love ' s Philosophy" is a poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley published in 1819.

Background
The poem was published by Leigh Hunt in the December 22, 1819 issue of The Indicator and reprinted in Posthumous Poems in 1824 edited by Mary Shelley. It was included in the Harvard manuscript book where it is headed "An Anacreontic", dated "January, 1820". Anacreontics are poems written in the style of the ancient Greek poet Anacreon, known for his celebrations of love. Shelley wrote it in a copy of Leigh Hunt's Literary Pocket-Book, 1819, which was presented to Sophia Stacey, December 29, 1820.

The poem is divided in two 8-line stanzas with an ABABCDCD rhyme scheme.

The main theme is the relationship between the "connection" that exists for things in the natural world and the poet's desire to be connected to his object of affection. Shelley asks how there can be unity in nature but a lack of union in human relationships.

The poetic devices Shelley uses in the poem include Personification (Fountains mingle with the river; Winds of heaven mix forever with a sweet emotion; The mountains kiss high heaven; The waves clasp one another; Moonbeams kiss the sea), Metaphor (No sister flower could be forgiven if it disdained its brother), and the Rhetorical question (If thou kiss not me?).

In popular culture
British composer Roger Quilter set the poem to music in 1905 in the composition Love's Philosophy, Op. 3, No 1.

In 2003, David Gompper set the poem to music in a score for baritone and piano.

Choral composer David N. Childs set the poem to music scored for a four-part women's choir and piano.

It was featured in "Vienna, November 1908", the fifteenth episode of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles.

The second stanza of the poem appears in the second season of Twin Peaks.

The poem was featured in the Season 2, Episode 1 of Lewis (TV Series) "And The Moonbeams Kiss the Sea" directed by Dan Reed and written by Alan Plater.

title: Love's Philosophy


title: User:Morwen/test3


text:
George Grant (British politician)

George Grant (11 October 1924 – 27 March 1984) was a Labour politician in the United Kingdom and Member of Parliament for Morpeth in Northumberland from 1970 until 1983.

Prior to his election to Parliament, he had served for eleven years as a member of Bedlingtonshire Council. He was also Chairman of the Ashington branch of the National Union of Mineworkers from 1963 to 1970. In the House of Commons, he served as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Minister of Agriculture from 1974 to 1976.

title: George Grant (British politician)


text:
Verhofstadt

Verhofstadt is a Dutch surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 * Dirk Verhofstadt (born 1955), Belgian liberal thinker
 * Guy Verhofstadt (born 1953), Belgian politician, brother of Dirk

title: Verhofstadt


text:
The Real Cancun

The Real Cancun is a 2003 American reality film directed by Rick de Oliveira and written by Brian Caldirola. Inspired by the reality television genre, this film followed the lives of sixteen Americans from March 13 to 23, 2003 as they celebrated spring break in Cancún, Mexico and experienced romantic relationships, emotional strife, or just had a good time.

The film received negative critical reviews and was a box office flop, earning a little over $5 million in the United States from a $7.5 million budget. It was the film debut of Laura Ramsey.

Cast

 * Benjamin "Fletch" Fletcher
 * Nicole Frilot
 * Roxanne Frilot
 * David Ingber
 * Jeremy Jazwinski
 * Amber Madison
 * Paul Malbry
 * Marquita "Skye" Marshall aka Skye P Marshall
 * Laura Ramsey
 * Matthew Slenske
 * Alan Taylor
 * Heidi Vance
 * Casey Weeks
 * Sarah Wilkins
 * Jorell Washington
 * Adam Miller
 * Grant George as Miscellaneous voices
 * Hot Action Cop
 * Simple Plan
 * Snoop Dogg

Release
The Real Cancun was released theatrically only a month after filming was completed, and was released on DVD and home video only a couple of months after that.

Box office
The film earned $2,108,796 in its opening weekend from 2,261 venues, ranking tenth in the North American box office and fourth among the week's new releases. It closed a month later, having grossed $3,825,421 domestically and $1,519,662 overseas for a worldwide total of $5,345,083, coming well short of its $7.5 million production cost.

Critical response
The Real Cancun received generally negative reviews from critics (with Variety's Scott Foundas causing to remark in his review that The Real Cancun billed itself as "the first reality feature film" is "apparently ignoring last year's Jackass: The Movie"). On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 35% score based on 88 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. The site's consensus states: "The footage is predictable and rather tame, and most of the people are uninteresting." Metacritic reports a 34 out of 100 rating based on 24 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C−" on an A+ to F scale.

Awards and nominations
The film was nominated for Worst Picture and Worst Excuse for an Actual Movie (All Concept/No Content) at the 24th Golden Raspberry Awards. It lost both awards to Gigli for the former and The Cat in the Hat for the latter.

Thematic analysis
Carol Siegel, a professor of English and American Studies at Washington State University Vancouver, interpreted The Real Cancun as about society's expectations of juveniles' sexual behaviors; despite visuals such as near nudity and simulations of the act, the characters try to present themselves as being abstinent and not "slut"-ty, and only two couples make love by the end.

Aftermath
A reality movie based upon the Girls Gone Wild video series that MGM bought the rights to was never put into production, while the Universal Pictures effort Drunken Jackasses: The Quest was delayed after the flop of Cancun and ultimately went straight to video.

title: The Real Cancun


text:
Nürnberger Handschrift GNM 3227a

Codex 3227a of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg  (also known as Hs. 3227a, GNM 3227a, Nürnberger Handschrift GNM 3227a) is a manuscript of  169 folia, dated to the close of the 14th century. Its text is written in Latin and German. The German portions have been identified as in East Central German dialect.

The composition of the manuscript is sometimes dated to 1389 on the basis of the calendar on fol. 83v which covers the years 1390–1495 (assuming that the scribe compiled the calendar for future reference only), but it has been noted that nothing precludes a date in the first quarter of the 15th century.

By the late 15th century, the manuscript was owned by Nicolaus Pol, who left the inscription Nicolaus Pol doctor 1494. Pol is known as the personal surgeon to the emperors at Innsbruck from 1495. After Pol's death in 1532, his library, presumably including this manuscript, passed to Innichen Abbey in South Tyrol. The fate of the manuscript during the 17th and 18th centuries is unknown, but it was part of the library of Hans Freiherr von und zu Aufsess, from which it passed to the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in 1852.

The manuscript is a pragmatic commonplace book apparently compiled for the scribe's personal use. It is an early example of such a compilation (if indeed it dates to before 1400), and is as such notable as a document of the transition from oral to written tradition during the late medieval period.

The compilation contains notes on an eclectic variety of topics, including alchemy, magical formulas, conjuring tricks, chemical recipes for fireworks, paints, medicine, ironworking, etc.

A substantial portion of the manuscript is a combat manual, making it of particular notability for the study of Historical European Martial Arts. It is the earliest record of the German school of fencing in the tradition of Johannes Liechtenauer. Liechtenauer is here for the first time mentioned by name, and his teachings quoted. His tradition of martial arts, especially the fencing with the longsword would remain influential in Germany throughout the 15th and for much of the 16th century.

The manuscript text had never been edited in print prior to its notability to the Historical European Martial Arts revival. The study of relevant combat treatises was guided by the seminal dissertation by Hils (1985), and the first full transcriptions were published online.

Hils (1985, p. 106) identified Hanko Döbringer as the author of the manuscript, a mistake inherited from the earlier survey by Wierschin (1965). It was inspired by the fact that the name is written on the page margin on fol. 43r. When the manuscript text was edited, it became clear that Döbringer's name was added in the margin because it had been omitted by accident from a list of four "other masters" discussed on that page. This mistake has resulted in the manuscript being also known as "Codex Döbringer" (so Ehlert and Leng 2003) or similar.

Contents:
 * 1r - 5v treatise on fireworks (Marcus Graecus: Liber Ignium)
 * 5v magic formulas in Latin and German
 * 6r recipes for powders used for painting
 * 6v - 10v Latin recipes (paint, alchemy, medicine)
 * 11r - 12r German instructions for the strengthening of iron (Von dem herten. Nu spricht meister Alkaym...)
 * 12v - 13r alchemical recipes in Latin
 * 13v - 17v treatise on sword fencing, on foot, on horseback, unarmoured or armoured (kunst des fechtens mit deme swerte czu fusse vnd czu rosse blos vnd yn harnuesche)
 * 18r - 40r teachings of Johannes Liechtenauer on unarmoured foot combat. (Liechtenauers blozfechten czu fusse)
 * 43r - 45v teachings of other masters, in verse (Hanko Döbringer, Andres Juden, Jost von der Neißen, Nidas Preußen).
 * 47r - 48v glosses on technical terms of the preceding section
 * 52v on sportive (non-serious) fencing (Schulfechten)
 * 53r - 60v teachings of Liechtenauer on combat on horseback and armoured combat with spear and sword.
 * 62r fragment on wrestling
 * 64r - 65r recapitulation of the teachings of Liechtenauer
 * 66v - 73v astrological texts, magical and medicinal recipes, onomatomancy
 * 74r fragment on combat with sword and shield
 * 74v - 77v recipes for paint, tumors, metal and ivory treatment
 * 78r fragment on combat with the long-staff
 * 79r - 81v miscellaneous Latin recipes, treatment of gems, preparation of a miraculous potion
 * 82 on combat with the long knife (Messer)
 * 83v Latin calendar, 1390–1495
 * 84r - 85r on combat with the dagger
 * 85 magical recipes
 * 86r - 89r Liechtenauer on wrestling, interspersed with additional recipes
 * 90v - 165v recipes for dental hygiene, various alchemical recipes, food recipes, nonsense recipes, in various hands
 * 166r - 169v index to the recipes in the manuscript, partly illegible

title: Nürnberger Handschrift GNM 3227a


text:
Cotton Fitzsimmons

Lowell Gibbs "Cotton" Fitzsimmons (October 7, 1931 – July 24, 2004) was an American college and NBA basketball coach. A native of Bowling Green, Missouri, he attended and played basketball at Hannibal-LaGrange Junior College in Hannibal, Missouri and Midwestern State University in Wichita Falls, Texas. He coached the Phoenix Suns three times, was named the NBA Coach of the Year twice, and is often credited as the architect of the Suns' success of the late 1980s and early to middle 1990s. Fitzsimmons won 1,089 games in his coaching career: 223 games at the junior college level, 34 at the Division I college level and 832 in the NBA.

On May 16, 2021, it was announced that Fitzsimmons was elected to the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame. The Class of 2021 enshrinement ceremony occurred on September 11, 2021.

Early life
Lowell Gibbs "Cotton" Fitzsimmons was born on October 7, 1931, in Hannibal, Missouri, to Clancy and Zelda Fitzsimmons. Fitzsimmons was raised in Bowling Green, Missouri, where he attended Bowling Green High School.

The family of six moved to Bowling Green when Lowell was young. There, his fourth grade classmates nicknamed him "Cotton" because of his hair. His father died when he was in fifth grade. His mother raised Cotton and three siblings.

In high school, Bowling Green High School basketball coach James A. Wilson became a key figure for Fitzsimmons. Fitzsimmons said: “Coach Wilson had the biggest influence on me of any male adult. He taught me the difference between rules and principles. Rules are made to be bent, sometimes even broken. Principles are something you live by. My mother raised me, of course, but I think I looked up to Coach Wilson as a father figure and wanted to be like him.”

With the 5'7" Fitzsimmons, Bowling Green High School twice advanced to the Missouri State High School Basketball Tournament.

After graduating from Bowling Green High School, Fitzsimmons worked at a brick plant in nearby Farber, Missouri. He worked for two years to help support the family until his sisters graduated from high school, just as his older brother Orland had done. During those two years, Cotton played 80 game seasons for the brickyard basketball team, was a basketball referee for local high school games and was a baseball infielder on a Bowling Green town baseball team, serving as the team manager. On his first taste of coaching, he recalled, "It's not easy going to the mound as a kid and taking out your pitcher, who's probably 30."

College career
In 1952, Fitzsimmons enrolled at Hannibal-LaGrange College (HLG), then a junior college in Hannibal, Missouri. Fitzsimmons became a junior-college All-American, averaging 25.5 points a game at Hannibal-LaGrange (where his jersey is now retired). He led the team to the NJCAA Tournament.

Fitzsimmons left Missouri to attend Midwestern State University in Wichita Falls, Texas. There, he averaged 13.3 points over 82 games and scored a career 1,095 points, while helping the Mustangs to the NAIA Tournament quarterfinals in 1956. Fitzsimmons turned down an offer to play AAU basketball for the Akron Goodyear Wingfoots and remained at Midwestern State after graduation to earn a master's degree in administrative education. He decided his ambition was to become a professional basketball coach.

Moberly Junior College (1958–1967)
After earning his degrees at Midwestern State, Fitzsimmons returned to Missouri. He accepted the position as head coach at Moberly Junior College in Moberly, Missouri in 1958, replacing Maury John. Fitzsimmons coached for nine seasons (1958–1967) at Moberly, with a record of 223–59 (.790). When asked in his interview how long he planned to stay at Moberly if hired, "“I gave him the dumbest answer I ever gave anyone,” he said, “I told him I’d be there till we won two titles in a row.” Fitzsimmons proceeded to finish his tenure at Moberly with back-to-back NJCAA National Championships, in 1966 and 1967.

Kansas State University (1967–1970)
Fitzsimmons was hired by Kansas State University, serving as an assistant coach in 1967–1968 under Head Coach Tex Winter. There he learned the Triangle Offense from Winter, who left after the season for Washington and recommended Fitzsimmons to replace him. In 1968, he was named Head Coach at Kansas State. Fitzsimmons' first team at KSU finished 14–12. In 1969–1970, The Wildcats went a surprising 20–8, capturing the Big 8 Conference Championship. He was named 1970 Big 8 Coach of the Year and led the Wildcats to the Sweet Sixteen of the 1970 NCAA tournament. Fitzsimmons then moved to the NBA with the Phoenix Suns.

Phoenix Suns (1970–1972)
In 1970, Fitzsimmons replaced Jerry Colangelo as head coach of the Phoenix Suns. It was Colangelo, serving as General Manager, who sought Fitzsimmons for the position. At first Colangelo had called Fitzsimmons and asked about other possible candidates. Eventually, Colangelo asked Fitzsimmons, “How would you like the job?” Fitzsimmons took the position and led the Suns to their first winning season, going 48–34 that season. The relationship between Colangelo and Fitzsimmons would be lengthy, as Fitzsimmons would serve the Suns in multiple capacities, including three tenures as head coach. Fitzsimmons worked with Colangelo without any discussion of compensation throughout their long tenure together.

Atlanta Hawks (1972–1976)
Fitzsimmons was released from the remaining two years of his Suns contract by Colangelo to allow him to accept a similar capacity with the Atlanta Hawks on May 31, 1972. He was 140–180 in four seasons, with one playoff appearance. He returned to Phoenix to reside in 1975, although he still coached the Hawks. According to Fitzsimmons, one of the main reasons he accepted a job as Hawks coach was the opportunity to coach Pete Maravich. The Hawks traded Maravich to the New Orleans Jazz in May 1974 and Fitzsimmons was left with a young team and a rotating front office.“Presidents and GMs were flying out of here like paper clips.” he told Sports Illustrated. With the Hawks at 28–46 and mired in a ten-game losing streak, he was fired and assistant coach Bumper Tormohlen promoted to replace him on an interim basis on March 30, 1976.

Golden State Warriors (1976–1977)
On August 4, 1976, Fitzsimmons was hired as player personnel director for the Golden State Warriors, to replace the late Bob Feerick, working alongside Al Attles, who was Coach and General Manager. Attles said, 'I have a long-standing relation with Cotton and have always admired and respected him as a person, coach, and evaluator of talent," There, the team made a series of trades of veteran players to acquire future draft picks.

Buffalo Braves (1977–1978)
Fitzsimmons quickly returned to coaching, becoming head coach by the Buffalo Braves, hired by General Manager Norm Sonju on August 5, 1977. His one season as Braves head coach (27–55) was the team's last in Buffalo. The franchise moved to become the San Diego Clippers. The Braves changed owners and the team was moved and rebranded and Fitzsimmons reflected of his tenure jokingly, “I think Buffalo got a raw deal as far as the NBA,” he said years later. “I enjoyed everything Buffalo. What I feel bad about is the franchise … I guess I’ve got to take credit for folding the franchise.”

Kansas City Kings (1978–1984)
After he was released from the remaining two years of his contract with the Braves, Fitzsimmons was appointed to a similar capacity with the Kansas City Kings on May 10, 1978. He succeeded assistant general manager Larry Staverman who also finished the Kings' 31–51 1977–78 campaign as its interim head coach. Fitzsimmons spent six seasons with the Kings, with a 248–244 record and four playoff appearances. He won the 1979 NBA Coach of the Year Award,as the Kings finished 48–34 after finishing 31–51 the previous season. In the 1981 playoffs the 6th seed, with a losing regular season record, the Kings knocked off the top-seeded Phoenix Suns and advanced to the Western Conference finals, where they lost to the Houston Rockets in five games. Prior to the 1983–1984 season, the Kansas City Kings were sold to a group in Sacramento, California and the franchise was in limbo with a pending move to Sacramento. The Kings qualified for the playoffs and Fitzsimmons resigned after the season.

San Antonio Spurs (1984–1986)
On May 9, 1984, Fitzsimmons left Kansas City to become head coach of the San Antonio Spurs. The Spurs were 76–88 in Fitzsimmons two seasons, qualifying for the playoffs both seasons. Fitzsimmons was fired by the Spurs on April 29, 1986.

Phoenix Suns (1986–1992, 1996–1997)
Colangelo and Fitzsimmons reunited in 1986, as Fitzsimmons returned to the Suns organization, joining Colangelo in the Suns' front office. He would later return to the bench as head coach of the Suns in 1988. He was one of the driving forces behind the trade that sent Larry Nance to the Cleveland Cavaliers for Kevin Johnson, Mark West and a future first-round draft pick (who was Dan Majerle). The Suns also drafted Steve Kerr in the second round in 1988.

Fitzsimmons was criticized both by Suns fans and basketball critics after the trade; Nance was very popular in Phoenix. But the Suns had come off a chaotic 1987–1988 season in which they won 28 games and lost 54, and the team had been shaken by a drug scandal.SPORTS PEOPLE; Dismissal Sought (Published 1987) With the first round draft pick of 1988, the Suns chose Dan Majerle, and the franchise had a turn-around season, winning 55 games and losing 27 before advancing all the way to the Western Conference's Finals that season, where they were swept by the Los Angeles Lakers.

During the 1988 Draft when Majerle was booed by the fans, Fitzsimmons publicly chastised them by saying, "you'll be sorry that you booed this young man."

In 1989, he won his second NBA Coach of the Year Award. Fitzsimmons inherited a team that had finished 28–54, and improved them to 55–27. The Suns defeated the Denver Nuggets (3–0) and Golden State Warriors (4–1) in the playoffs before being swept by the Lakers in the Western Conference Finals.

After another successful season, the Suns returned to the NBA playoffs in 1990. This time around, they returned the favor on the Lakers, beating them 4 games to 1 at the Western Conference's Semi-Finals, but once again, Fitzsimmons' team fell short at the NBA's Western Conference Finals, losing to the Portland Trail Blazers, 4 games to 2.

In 1991, the Suns lost to the Utah Jazz in the Western Conference Playoffs' first round, 3 games to 1. During the rest of the playoffs, Fitzsimmons served briefly as a color commentator for NBC, most notably, alongside Marv Albert for Game 4 of the Eastern Conference Finals between the Chicago Bulls and the Detroit Pistons. In 1992, Cotton Fitzsimmons became only the sixth coach in NBA history to reach 800 wins.

After losing to the Trail Blazers in that year's Western Conference Semifinals, 4 games to 1, Fitzsimmons retired as coach, to work as Suns senior executive vice-president. By then a long-time friend of Colangelo, he helped Colangelo decide to trade Jeff Hornacek, Andrew Lang and Tim Perry for Charles Barkley, while also helping with the decision of signing free agent Danny Ainge. He also did television commentary, joining Al McCoy for Suns broadcasts.

In 1996, Fitzsimmons became the Suns head coach for the third time, guiding the Suns to the NBA Playoffs, where they lost to the Spurs, 3 games to 1.

The 1996–97 Suns lost their first eight games, and Fitzsimmons resigned as head coach. With 832 wins and 775 losses, Fitzsimmons was the eighth winningest coach in NBA history. He has since slipped to number ten in the all-time winning list as an NBA coach.

Personal life
Fitzsimmons was diagnosed with lung cancer later on in life. His family chose to keep his health status private. Months after being diagnosed with cancer, his condition worsened because of a brain stroke. He suffered two more brain strokes before it was finally revealed to the public that he was in serious condition at a local hospital. On July 25, 2004, the morning after his death, The Arizona Republic sports section's headline read: "Brightest Sun Fitzsimmons dies."

"Cotton Fitzsimmons embodied all things that are great about life and the game of basketball," Suns chairman and CEO Jerry Colangelo said. "His energy, passion and upbeat approach to everything impacted those that he touched in a positive and meaningful way."

Fitzsimmons was survived by his wife JoAnn, and his son, Gary. Gary Fitzsimmons has had a lengthy career as a basketball assistant coach, scout and executive. He serves as vice president and assistant general manager of the Atlanta Hawks.

Mabel McCormick, a program supporter (her husband was the volunteer team doctor) who kept the scorebook and statistics for Fitzsimmons at Moberly Community College, lived to be over 100 years old. She said her relationship with Fitzsimmons was special. McCormick said that she played a role in recruiting Fitzsimmons to Moberly after having seen him play at Hannibal-LaGrange, saying she went to the board and recommended him, along with an influential sports writer from the area. "I was convinced he was the right person," she said. She said of their relationship afterwards, “During his days here, Cotton was like a member of my family. He probably is my favorite. Even after he left Moberly and ended up with professional basketball we kept in close contact with one another and he would come to Moberly to visit me.”

“You're not going to make me have a bad day. If there's oxygen on earth and I'm breathing, it's going to be a good day.” ― Fitzsimmons

Honors and awards

 * In 1966 and 1967, Fitzsimmons was selected as "Coach of the Tournament" at the NJCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.
 * Fitzsimmons was named Big 8 Coach of the Year in 1970.
 * Fitzsimmons was NBA Coach of the Year in 1979 & 1989.
 * In 1981, Fitzsimmons was inducted into the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame.
 * Fitzsimmons was inducted into the NJCAA Men's Basketball Coaches Association Hall of Fame in 1985.
 * Fitzsimmons' jersey was retired by Hannibal-LaGrange University.
 * In 1995, Fitzsimmons was selected as the "NAIA Alumnus of the Year."
 * In 2004, Fitzsimmons was inducted into the Midwestern State University Hall of Honor.
 * In both 2011 and 2012, Fitzsimmons was posthumously nominated for the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame.
 * In 2015, Fitzsimmons was inducted into the Arizona Sports Hall of Fame.
 * The Phoenix Suns retired the Number "832." This was in honor of Fitzsimmons' number of NBA career victories.
 * The "Fitzsimmons-John Arena," (built in 1998) is the arena at Moberly Area Community College. It is named for Fitzsimmons and his predecessor as coach at Moberly, Maurice John.
 * The "Cotton Fitzsimmons Memorial Golf Tournament" is held annually at Moberly Area Community College.
 * The Phoenix Suns' Ring of Honor inducted Fitzsimmons in 2005. His popularity was immense among Suns fans and in the organization. In October 2018 fans selected Fitzsimmons as "Coach" of the Suns' 50th Anniversary Team.
 * Phoenix Suns Charities annually present The Spirit of Cotton Award, which began in 2006. The Spirit of Cotton Award is awarded to high school head basketball coaches, for both girls and boys teams.
 * The "Cotton Fitzsimmons Mile Handicap," a weight for performance turf thoroughbred horse race at Phoenix's Turf Paradise, has been conducted since 2005. Family members and former Suns players present the trophy and participate in events around the Fitzsimmons Mile.

title: Cotton Fitzsimmons


text:
User:BernardSumption

Bernard Sumption is a computer programmer by trade with an interest in Languages (computer and other), Genetics, Puzzles and Science Fiction.

title: User:BernardSumption


text:
Anexate

Anexate is the trade name of two different drugs:

 * Flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist
 * Mefenorex, a stimulant drug which was used as an appetite suppressant

title: Anexate