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Cordillera Paine

The Cordillera Paine is a mountain group in Torres del Paine National Park in Chilean Patagonia. The cordillera is located 280 km north of Punta Arenas, and about 1960 km south of the Chilean capital Santiago. It belongs to the Commune of Torres del Paine in Última Esperanza Province of Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region. No accurate surveys have been published, and published elevations have been claimed to be seriously inflated, so most of the elevations given on this page are approximate. Paine means "blue" in the native Tehuelche (Aonikenk) language and is pronounced PIE-nay.

Peaks
The highest summit of the range is Cerro Paine Grande. For a long time its elevation was claimed to be 3050 or, but in August 2011 it was ascended for the third time, measured using GPS and found to be 2884 m.

The three Towers of Paine (Torres del Paine) form the centrepiece of Parque Nacional Torres del Paine. The South Tower of Paine (about 2500 m in elevation, is now thought to be the highest of the three, although this has not been definitely established. It was first climbed in 1963 by Armando Aste. The Central Tower (about 2460 m in elevation) was first climbed in 1963 by Chris Bonington and Don Whillans. In 2017, three Belgian climbers, Nico Favresse, Siebe Vanhee and Sean Villanueva O'Driscoll, made the first free ascent up the rock face, which is about 1200 m. The North Tower (about 2260 m in elevation) was first climbed in 1958 by Guido Monzino.

Other summits include the Cuerno Principal, about 2100 m in elevation, and Cerro Paine Chico, which is usually quoted at about 2650 m.

Geology
The range is made up of a yellowish granite underlain by grey gabbro-diorite laccolith and the sedimentary rocks it intrudes, deeply eroded by glaciers. The steep, light colored faces are eroded from the tougher, vertically jointed granitic rocks, while the foothills and dark cap rocks are the sedimentary country rock, in this case flysch deposited in the Cretaceous and later folded.

The radiometric age for the quartz diorite at Cerro Paine is 12±2 million years by the rubidium-strontium method and 13±1 million years by the potassium-argon method. More precise ages of 12.59±0.02 and 12.50±0.02 million years for the earliest and latest identified phases of the intrusion, respectively, were achieved using Uranium–lead dating methods on single zircon crystals. Basal gabbro and diorite were dated by a similar technique to 12.472±0.009 to 12.431±0.006 million years. Thus, magma was intruded and crystallized over 162±11 thousand years. High resolution dating and excellent 3-D exposure of the laccolith and its vertical feeding system allow detailed reconstruction of the Torres del Paine fossil magma chamber history.

Hiking
The Torres del Paine National Park—an area of 2400 km2—was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the UNESCO in 1978 and receives about 250,000 visitors annually. Trails and some campsites are maintained by Chile's National Forest Corporation, and mountain huts provide shelter and basic services.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cordillera Paine


text:
Huangpu

Huangpu, also formerly romanized Whangpoo or Whang-Po, may refer to:

 * Huangpu District, Shanghai, China
 * Huangpu River, in Shanghai, China
 * Huangpu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
 * Huangpu Military Academy, in Guangzhou, China
 * Pazhou Island, formerly known as Whampoa or Huangpu, now in Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
 * Huangpu, Zhongshan, a town in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
 * Huangpu Road Station, a station on Line 1 in Wuhan, Hubei, China

title: Huangpu


text:
Jingan

Jingan may refer to:

 * Jing'an County (靖安县), in Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
 * Jing'an District (静安区), in Shanghai, PRC
 * Jing'an Temple (静安寺), in Shanghai, PRC
 * Jingan Station (景安站), station of the Taipei Metro, in New Taipei, Taiwan
 * Jing'an, Changli County (靖安镇), town in Changli County, Hebei, PRC
 * Jingan Young (楊靜安), an award-winning writer from Hong Kong

title: Jingan


text:
Jiading (disambiguation)

Jiading is an atonal pinyin romanization of various Chinese names and words.

It may refer to:

 * Jiading District, in Shanghai provincial-level city, China.
 * Jiading Town, a subdistrict forming the historical core of Jiading District
 * Jiading, a former name of Leshan prefecture-level city, in Sichuan province, China
 * Roman Catholic Diocese of Jiading
 * Jiading, a town in Huzhu Tu Autonomous County, Qinghai province
 * Jiading District, a variant pronunciation of Qieding District in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

title: Jiading (disambiguation)


text:
Titan IV

Titan IV was a family of heavy-lift space launch vehicles developed by Martin Marietta and operated by the United States Air Force from 1989 to 2005. Launches were conducted from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida and Vandenberg Air Force Base, California.

The Titan IV was the last of the Titan family of rockets, originally developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company in 1958. It was retired in 2005 due to their high cost of operation and concerns over its toxic hypergolic propellants, and replaced with the Atlas V and Delta IV launch vehicles under the EELV program. The final launch (B-30) from Cape Canaveral occurred on 29 April 2005, and the final launch from Vandenberg AFB occurred on 19 October 2005. Lockheed Martin Space Systems built the Titan IVs near Denver, Colorado, under contract to the US government.

Two Titan IV vehicles are currently on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio and the Evergreen Aviation and Space Museum in McMinnville, Oregon.

Vehicle description
The Titan IV was developed to provide assured capability to launch Space Shuttle–class payloads for the Air Force. The Titan IV could be launched with no upper stage, the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS), or the Centaur upper stage.

The Titan IV was made up of two large solid-fuel rocket boosters and a two-stage liquid-fueled core. The two storable liquid fuel core stages used Aerozine 50 fuel and nitrogen tetroxide oxidizer. These propellants are hypergolic, igniting on contact, and are liquids at room temperature, so no tank insulation is needed. This allowed the launcher to be stored in a ready state for extended periods, but both propellants are extremely toxic.

The Titan IV could be launched from either coast: SLC-40 or 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station near Cocoa Beach, Florida and at SLC-4E, at Vandenberg Air Force Base launch sites 55 miles northwest of Santa Barbara California. Launches to polar orbits occurred from Vandenberg, with most other launches taking place at Cape Canaveral.

Titan IV-A
Titan IV-A flew with steel-cased solid UA1207 rocket motors (SRMs) produced by Chemical Systems Division.

Titan IV-B
The Titan IV-B evolved from the Titan III family and was similar to the Titan 34D.

While the launcher family had an extremely good reliability record in its first two decades, this changed in the 1980s with the loss of a Titan 34D in 1985 followed by the disastrous explosion of another in 1986 due to a SRM failure. Due to this, the Titan IV-B vehicle was intended to use the new composite-casing Upgraded Solid Rocket Motors. Due to development problems the first few Titan IV-B launches flew with the old-style UA1207 SRMs.

General characteristics

 * Builder: Lockheed-Martin Astronautics
 * Power Plant:
 * Stage 0 consisted of two solid-rocket motors.
 * Stage 1 used an LR87-AJ-11 liquid-propellant rocket engine.
 * Stage 2 used the LR91-AJ-11 liquid-propellant engine.
 * Optional upper stages included the Centaur and Inertial Upper Stage.
 * Guidance System: A ring laser gyro guidance system manufactured by Honeywell.
 * Thrust:
 * Stage 0: Solid rocket motors provided 1.7 million pounds force (7.56 MN) per motor at liftoff.
 * Stage 1: LR87-AJ-11 provided an average of 548,000 pounds force (2.44 MN)
 * Stage 2: LR91-AJ-11 provided an average of 105,000 pounds force (467 kN).
 * Optional Centaur (RL10A-3-3A) upper stage provided 33,100 pounds force (147 kN) and the Inertial Upper Stage provided up to 41,500 pounds force (185 kN).
 * Length: Up to 204 ft
 * Lift Capability:
 * Could carry up to 47800 lb into low Earth orbit
 * up to 12700 lb into a geosynchronous orbit when launched from Cape Canaveral AFS, Fla.;
 * and up to 38800 lb into a low Earth polar orbit when launched from Vandenberg AFB.
 * into geosynchronous orbit:
 * with Centaur upper stage 12700 lb
 * with Inertial Upper Stage 5250 lb
 * Payload fairing:
 * Manufacturer: McDonnell Douglas Space Systems Co
 * Diameter: 16.7 ft
 * Length: 56, 66, 76, or 86 ft
 * Mass: 11,000, 12,000, 13,000, or 14,000 lb
 * Design: 3 sections, isogrid structure, Aluminum
 * Maximum Takeoff Weight: Approximately 2.2 million pounds (1,000,000 kg)
 * Cost: Approximately $250–350 million, depending on launch configuration.
 * Date deployed: June 1989
 * Launch sites: Cape Canaveral AFS, Fla., and Vandenberg AFB, Calif.

Solid Rocket Motor Upgrade test stand
In 1988–89, The Ralph M. Parsons Company designed and built a full-scale steel tower and deflector facility, which was used to test the Titan IV Solid Rocket Motor Upgrade (SRMU). The launch and the effect of the SRMU thrust force on the Titan IV vehicle were modeled. To evaluate the magnitude of the thrust force, the SRMU was connected to the steel tower through load measurement systems and launched in-place. It was the first full-scale test conducted to simulate the effects of the SRMU on the Titan IV vehicle.

Proposed aluminum-lithium tanks
In the early 1980s, General Dynamics developed a plan to assemble a lunar landing spacecraft in-orbit under the name Early Lunar Access. A Space Shuttle would lift a lunar lander into orbit and then a Titan IV rocket would launch with a modified Centaur G-Prime stage to rendezvous and dock. The plan required upgrading the Space Shuttle and Titan IV to use lighter aluminium-lithium alloy propellant tanks. The plan never came to fruition, but in the 1990s the Shuttle's External Tank was converted to aluminum-lithium tanks to rendezvous with the highly inclined orbit of the Russian Mir Space Station.

Type identification
The IV-A (40nA) used boosters with steel casings, the IV-B (40nB) used boosters with composite casings (the SRMU).

Type 401 used a Centaur 3rd stage, type 402 used an IUS 3rd stage. The other 3 types (without 3rd stages) were 403, 404, and 405:

 * Type 403 featured no upper stage, for lower-mass payloads to higher orbits from Vandenberg.
 * Type 404 featured no upper stage, for heavier payloads to low orbits, from Vandenberg.
 * Type 405 featured no upper stage, for lower-mass payloads to higher-orbit from Cape Canaveral.

History
The Titan rocket family was established in October 1955 when the Air Force awarded the Glenn L. Martin Company (later Martin-Marietta, now part of Lockheed Martin) a contract to build an intercontinental ballistic missile (SM-68). The resulting Titan I was the nation's first two-stage ICBM and complemented the Atlas ICBM as the second underground, vertically stored, silo-based ICBM. Both stages of the Titan I used liquid oxygen and RP-1 as propellants.

A subsequent version of the Titan family, the Titan II, was a two-stage evolution of the Titan I, but was much more powerful and used different propellants. Designated as LGM-25C, the Titan II was the largest missile developed for the USAF at that time. The Titan II had newly developed engines which used Aerozine 50 and nitrogen tetroxide as fuel and oxidizer in a self-igniting, hypergolic propellant combination, allowing the Titan II to be stored underground ready to launch. Titan II was the first Titan vehicle to be used as a space launcher.

Development of the space launch only Titan III began in 1964, resulting in the Titan IIIA, eventually followed by the Titan IV-A and IV-B.

CELV
By the mid-1980s the United States government worried that the Space Shuttle, designed to launch all American payloads and replace all unmanned rockets, would not be reliable enough for military and classified missions. In 1984 Under Secretary of the Air Force and Director of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) Pete Aldridge decided to purchase Complementary Expendable Launch Vehicles (CELV) for ten NRO payloads; the name came from the government's expectation that the rockets would "complement" the shuttle. Later renamed Titan IV, the rocket would only carry three military payloads paired with Centaur stages and fly exclusively from LC-41 at Cape Canaveral. However, the Challenger accident in 1986 caused a renewed dependence on expendable launch systems, with the Titan IV program significantly expanded. At the time of its introduction, the Titan IV was the largest and most capable expendable launch vehicle used by the USAF.

The post-Challenger program added Titan IV versions with the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) or no upper stages, increased the number of flights, and converted LC-40 at the Cape for Titan IV launches. As of 1991, almost forty total Titan IV launches were scheduled and a new, improved SRM (solid rocket motor) casing using lightweight composite materials was introduced.

Program cost
In 1990, the Titan IV Selected Acquisition Report estimated the total cost for the acquisition of 65 Titan IV vehicles over a period of 16 years to US$18.3 billion (inflation-adjusted US$ 0 billion in ).

Cassini–Huygens launch
In October 1997, a Titan IV-B rocket launched Cassini–Huygens, a pair of probes sent to Saturn. It was the only use of a Titan IV for a non-Department of Defense launch. Huygens landed on Titan on January 14, 2005. Cassini remained in orbit around Saturn. The Cassini Mission ended on September 15, 2017, when the spacecraft was sent into Saturn's atmosphere to burn up.

Retirement
While an improvement over the shuttle, the Titan IV was expensive and unreliable. By the 1990s, there were also growing safety concerns over its toxic propellants. The Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program resulted in the development of the Atlas V, Delta IV, and Delta IV Heavy launch vehicles, which replaced Titan IV and a number of other legacy launch systems. The new EELVs eliminated the use of hypergolic propellants, reduced costs, and were much more versatile than the legacy vehicles.

Surviving examples
In 2014, the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio, began a project to restore a Titan IV-B rocket. This effort was successful, with the display opening June 8, 2016. The only other surviving Titan IV components are at the Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum in Denver, Colorado which has two Titan Stage 1 engines, one Titan Stage 2 engine, and the interstage ‘skirt’ on outdoor display; and at the Evergreen Aviation and Space Museum in McMinnville, Oregon, including the core stages and parts of the solid rocket motor assembly.

Launch failures
The Titan IV experienced four catastrophic launch failures.

1993 booster explosion
On August 2, 1993, Titan IV K-11 lifted from SLC-4E carrying a NOSS SIGNIT satellite. Unusually for DoD launches, the Air Force invited civilian press to cover the launch, which became more of a story than intended when the booster exploded 101 seconds after liftoff. Investigation found that one of the two SRMs had burned through, resulting in the destruction of the vehicle in a similar manner as the earlier 34D-9 failure. An investigation found that an improper repair job was the cause of the accident.

After Titan 34D-9, extensive measures had been put in place to ensure proper SRM operating condition, including X-raying the motor segments during prelaunch checks. The SRMs that went onto K-11 had originally been shipped to Cape Canaveral, where X-rays revealed anomalies in the solid propellant mixture in one segment. The defective area was removed by a pie-shaped cut in the propellant block. However, most of CSD's qualified personnel had left the program by this point and so the repair crew in question did not know the proper procedure. After replacement, they neglected to seal the area where the cut in the propellant block had been made. Post repair X-rays were enough for CC personnel to disqualify the SRMs from flight, but the SRMs were then shipped to Vandenberg and approved anyway. The result was a near-repeat of 34D-9; a gap was left between the propellant and SRM casing and another burn-through occurred during launch.

1998 IV-A electrical failure
1998 saw the failure of Titan K-17 with a Navy ELINT Mercury (satellite) from Cape Canaveral around 40 seconds into the flight. K-17 was several years old and the last Titan IV-A to be launched. The post-accident investigation showed that the booster had dozens of damaged or chafed wires and should never have been launched in that operating condition, but the Air Force had put extreme pressure on launch crews to meet program deadlines. The Titan's fuselage was filled with numerous sharp metal protrusions that made it nearly impossible to install, adjust, or remove wiring without it getting damaged. Quality control at Lockheed's Denver plant, where Titan vehicles were assembled, was described as "awful".

The proximal cause of the failure was an electrical short that caused a momentary power dropout to the guidance computer at T+39 seconds. After power was restored, the computer sent a spurious pitch down and yaw to the right command. At T+40 seconds, the Titan was traveling at near supersonic speed and could not handle this action without suffering a structural failure. The sudden pitch downward and resulting aerodynamic stress caused one of the SRMs to separate. The ISDS (Inadvertent Separation Destruct System) automatically triggered, rupturing the SRM and taking the rest of the launch vehicle with it. At T+45 seconds, the Range Safety Officer sent the destruct command to ensure any remaining large pieces of the booster were broken up.

An extensive recovery effort was launched, both to diagnose the cause of the accident and recover debris from the classified satellite. All of the debris from the Titan had impacted offshore, between three and five miles downrange, and at least 30% of the booster was recovered from the sea floor. Debris continued to wash ashore for days afterward, and the salvage operation continued until October 15.

The Air Force had pushed for a "launch on demand" program for DOD payloads, something that was almost impossible to pull off especially given the lengthy preparation and processing time needed for a Titan IV launch (at least 60 days). Shortly before retiring in 1994, General Chuck Horner referred to the Titan program as "a nightmare". The 1998-99 schedule had called for four launches in less than 12 months. The first of these was Titan K-25 which successfully orbited an Orion SIGNIT satellite on May 9, 1998. The second was the K-17 failure, and the third was the K-32 failure.

Stage failure to separate
After a delay caused by the investigation of the previous failure, the 9 April 1999 launch of K-32 carried a DSP early warning satellite. The IUS second stage failed to separate, leaving the payload in a useless orbit. Investigation into this failure found that wiring harnesses in the IUS had been wrapped too tightly with electrical tape so that a plug failed to disconnect properly and prevented the two IUS stages from separating.

Programming error
The fourth launch was K-26 on April 30, 1999, carrying a Milstar communications satellite. During the Centaur coast phase flight, the roll control thrusters fired open-loop until the RCS fuel was depleted, causing the upper stage and payload to rotate rapidly. On restart, the Centaur cartwheeled out of control and left its payload in a useless orbit. This failure was found to be the result of an incorrectly programmed equation in the guidance computer. The error caused the roll rate gyro data to be ignored by the flight computer.

title: Titan IV


text:
Talk:Paradorn Srichaphan

Untitled
Should be included that he was the first player to beat Nadal in a GrandSlam?

Untitled
I suppose Michael Chang doesn't qualify as the highest ranked Asian player because he is from New Jersey whereas Paradorn is actually from the Asian continent??

"He is the highest ranked Asian male player in history" Source? Seems like Michael Chang would invalidate this. 04:07, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Rm the following: ''He was born in Khon Kaen, Thailand. ''

There seems to be some doubt about this: his official site [] says that he was born in Bangkok. I've come across several references to KK as his hometown, but I suspect that may just mean his family's home town. Markalexander100 09:57, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * That sentence was the first ever contents of this article (see the history) :-) But it's likely that you're right - it is popular for the better situated Thai people to give birth in Bangkok (better hospitals), while the hometown might still be in a remote province. andy 11:02, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I believe he was born in Khon Kaen. I remember hearing he came to Bangkok at the age of 6 to pursue his tennis dreams. Here's a link to the article anyway.

 * I reworded it, changing it to "from thailand". Keep in mind that many tennis players from the former soviet union qualify as being "born in Asia" and of course you can't say "asian" because of Michael Chang.Ernham 15:45, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

Natalie Glebova
The fact that Paradorn Srichaphan has been dating former Miss Universe Natalie Glebova has already been deleted and added back again, yet the fact that he once dated Tata Young has never been deleted. Why is that? This fact is relevant to the article and not at all gossip, it can be easily cited and verified. In fact, here's two sources: http://www.sportsmediainc.net/tennisweek/index.cfm?func=showarticle&newsid=16758&bannerregion= http://tennis.com/backcourt/general/backcourt.aspx?id=70914 and here's one with a picture of the couple: http://asiansweetheart.blogspot.com/2007/02/paradorn-and-miss-universe-item.html This should NOT be deleted from the article again when there are credible sources cited, and similar facts already on the page(e.g. an entire paragraph on former love Tata Young, but none on current beau).

The only confirmed facts may be posted otherwise they are 'gossips' and will be deleted. Once the fact of Paradorn and Glebova engagement was published it is no longer a gossip and can be posted here. A warning to the poster 66.213.29.243 - please avoid posting rude remarks.

Weird sentence
I found this wird sentence in the article.

"A little known fact about Paradorn, is that he is originally from Jupiter, having migrated here when the tennis scene on Jupiter got too bloody, due to rule changes* Jupiter added the you lose you die rule."

I deleted it since it looks like vandalism.Azn Clayjar 03:17, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Not sure, eh? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.179.6.64 (talk) 15:58, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Paradorn Srichaphan


text:
Mohammed Gammoudi

Mohammed Tlili ben Abdallah (محمد التليلي بن عبدالله), also known as Moham(m)ed Gammoudi, (born February 11, 1938) is a Tunisian athlete who competed as a long-distance runner in international track and field competitions. He represented Tunisia in the Tokyo, Mexico City, and Munich Olympiads and recorded four medals, including a gold medal in the 5000 metres event in Mexico City. Gammoudi was also competitive at 10,000 metres.

Born in Sidi Aïch, in Tunisia, Mohammed Gammoudi was one of the pioneers of the African long-distance running revolution that changed the face of the sport in the final decades of the 20th century.

1963 Mediterranean Games and 1964 Olympics
Gammoudi first came to international attention at the 1963 Mediterranean Games in Naples, where he won the 5,000 m and 10,000 m. and repeated the feat in the 1967 Games. Despite those achievements, Gammoudi was still virtually unknown when he arrived at the Tokyo Olympic Games. The favourite, world record holder Ron Clarke from Australia, ensured a fast tempo throughout the race. With one lap remaining, Clarke had dropped all his main rivals, except Gammoudi and Billy Mills from United States. Coming into the home straight, Mills, Clark and Gammoudi exchanged leads. With 50 m to go, Gammoudi had the lead, until Mills swept past Gammoudi to win the gold medal. Two days later, Gammoudi won his heat in the 5000 m, but for reasons never fully explained, he withdrew from the final.

1967 Mediterranean Games and 1968 Olympics
Gammoudi successfully defended his 5000 m and 10 000 m titles at the Mediterranean Games in Tunis in 1967, and was one of the favourites at the Mexico Olympics. In the 10,000 m final in Mexico, Gammoudi was in the leading group throughout the race. The group had been reduced to three by the bell lap. Naftali Temu from Kenya, who won in 29:27.4 and Mamo Wolde from Ethiopia 29:28, sprinted the last lap, outrunning Gammoudi, leaving him at 29:34, with the bronze medal. Two days later, Gammoudi qualified for the 5000 m final. In the final, three runners were in contention at the bell lap, with Gammoudi leading Temu and another Kenyan, Kip Keino. The last lap was fast pace, and although the two Kenyans gave charge, Gammoudi held on to the lead, winning the gold medal.

1971 Mediterranean Games and 1972 Olympics
At the next Mediterranean Games, at İzmir in 1971, Gammoudi's won the silver in the 5000 m. Despite his disappointing performance at Izmir, Gammoudi was one of the favourites in the impressive 5,000 m and 10,000 m fields at the Munich Olympics. In the 10 000 m final, a tightly bunched group of nine runners were traveling at sub-world record pace just before the 4600 m mark, when Lasse Virén from Finland suddenly stumbled and fell over, causing Gammoudi to tumble over the top of him. Virén recovered quickly and went on to win the race, but Gammoudi took much longer getting to his feet, and after running for a lap and a half to close the 100 m gap that had opened between himself and the leaders, he dropped out. In contrast to the 10,000 m pace, the early stages of the 5000 m final were run at a very slow pace, with Gammoudi prominent in the pack that remained tightly bunched for the first 3000 m. The pace picked up considerably in the last 2000 m, with Virén and United States champion Steve Prefontaine separating from the pack. The last mile turned into an all out sprint, with Virén beating Gammoudi by about ten meters, in the latter's last major competitive race.

International Cross Country Championships
Gammoudi also excelled in cross country running. He finished third at the 1965 International Cross Country Championships, held at Ostend, Belgium. In 1968, running in Tunis, in his home country, he won the International Cross Country Championships, becoming the third African man to take that title.

title: Mohammed Gammoudi


text:
Lierse S.K.

Koninklijke Lierse Sportkring, often simply known as Lierse, was a Belgian professional football club from the city of Lier in the Antwerp province. Lierse have won four championship titles and two Belgian Cups. Lierse was one of the seven Belgian clubs to have played in the UEFA Champions League group stage, the others being Anderlecht, Antwerp, Club Brugge, Genk, Standard Liège and KAA Gent.

The club was founded in 1906 and was initially promoted to the first division in 1927–28. Lierse was relatively successful in the first division until the end of World War II, winning two titles and finishing only four times outside the top five. At the end of the 1947–48 season, they were relegated to the second division. Lierse enjoyed two more spells at the highest level, each time with a championship win (between 1953–54 and 1985–86 and between 1988–89 and 2006–07). Lierse spent five more years in the first division between 2010–11 and 2014–15, but then played in the second division until it was dissolved.

Lierse played their home matches at the Herman Vanderpoortenstadion in Lier, which is also known as Het Lisp, because the stadium is located in a neighbourhood named Lisp. Both the logo and home kit featured the club colours of yellow and black. The club was bought by Egyptian businessman Maged Samy, who also owns KV Turnhout and Wadi Degla in Egypt.

The most capped player at the club was Bernard Voorhoof with 61 caps for Belgium, all when he was at Lierse. With 30 goals, he was the topscorer of the Belgium national football team together with Paul Van Himst, until Romelu Lukaku (who played in Lierse's youth squads) surpassed this record.

On May 9, 2018, the team announced that it requested bankruptcy.

After the bankruptcy of the team, negotiations started with Lyra and Oosterzonen. Eventually two teams with the name Lierse were formed: K. Lyra-Lierse and K. Lierse Kempenzonen. K. Lierse Kempenzonen currently plays with the old Lierse S.K. logo at the Herman Vanderpoortenstadion.

History
<! ORIGINAL TEXT BEFORE CLEANUP

In 1904 Gustaaf van den Roye proposed to start up a football club following the example of Antwerp. Easier said than done, as there was immediately opposition from the farmers of Kloosterheide (a rural area of Lier). The Earl, owner of the land proposed as the site for the club, invited Gust van den Roye to his home, to hear more details of his plans. Gust went to the Earl with a heavy heart, fearing for the future of his football plans, but was pleasantly surprised at the outcome; The Earl promised not only to allow the further use of his land, but also to arrange the necessary accommodation and... became honorary president of the club. On March 5, 1906, the first meeting was held in the premises of the Lierse Turnkring (Gymnastics club). However this didn't produce the required outcome, and the following day, a new meeting was held in 'De Roskum' in Lier. Lierse was born and the first board was established: Gerard Quaeyhaegens as chairman Gust van den Roye as secretary Georges Peeters as Treasurer Emiel Vervloet, Paul and Jules Remouchamps, Bernard De Meyer, Arthur Haverals and Gustaaf Houtmortels were the board members. The very first match was against soldiers from the local barracks. The players in the first Lierse team were: Paul and Jules Remouchamps, Gust and Armand van den Roye, Jules Geuens, Arthur Haverals, Gustaaf Houtmortels, Jean de Meulenaer, Bernard de Meyer, J.Nozy, Alberic Verstappe and Gustave Thomas. The result was not recorded. In the 1907–08 season, To begin with Lierse played on a pitch in Kloosterheide, a rural area of Lier. In 1912 the 'yellow-blacks' moved to the 'Molekens', and on August 30, 1925, Lierse moved to their current home, the Herman Vanderpoorten stadium. Lierse were knocking on the door of the first division. Two years later Lierse were promoted. In 1932 Lierse were champions for the first time. They were champions again in 1942, during the Second World War. After 21 years in the first division, Lierse were relegated for the first time in 1948, but were promoted again five years later. In 1960, K.Lierse S.K won their third championship title, and distinguished themselves at European level. In 1969, Lierse won the Belgian Cup for the first time. September 21, 1971 is a day that Lierse supporters will never forget. Two weeks earlier, Lierse had lost 0–2 at home to the far superior Leeds United in the first round of the UEFA Cup. Nobody expected that Lierse would win in Leeds, but 90 minutes later the scoreboard read that Lierse had improbably won 0–4, and Leeds, the Cup holders were knocked out. In 1986 Lierse were again relegated, but were promoted back to the top division in 1988. Keeping up with the elite clubs in Belgium had now become the top priority. Rich clubs such as Anderlecht and Club Bruges reigned supreme in the Belgian League. In 1997 something happened which nobody thought possible. Lierse became league champions again. The hotly tipped favourites, Club Bruges, were surprisingly beaten to the title by Lierse. Two years later in 1999, Lierse won the Belgian Cup again. N.B Lierse have actually been Belgian champions five times, but their title in 1940–41 is not officially recognised after the league was suspended in 1939–40 after the outbreak of World War II. A pity because between 1930–45, Lierse along with the other top teams in Belgium at the time; Union, Daring, Beerschot and Antwerp, only finished once outside the top 5.

>

The early years
In 1904, Gustaaf Van Den Roye learned about the game of football in Antwerp and got fascinated about it. He bought an authentic ball to play the game in his hometown of Lier. The first games were played on a terrain owned by the local graf Marnix de Sainte-Aldegonde. Local farmers were not pleased and the police had to intervene, who prohibited any further games. The graf was informed of what happened and he asked Van Den Roye to come and see him. When Van Den Roye told the Graf about his intent to start an actual football club and pointed out the difficulties he was faced with, The Graf promised him a terrain which could serve as a football ground.

On March 6, 1906, during a meeting in a local pub called De Roskam a football club was founded, named Liersche Sportkring. Lierse was born and a first board was established: Gerard Quaeyhaegens as chairman, Gust van den Roye as secretary and Georges Peeters as Treasurer. Graf Marnix de Sainte-Aldegonde agreed to become honorary chairman.

Two years after its foundation, in September 1908, Lierse became a member of the Royal Belgian Football Association, where it started playing in the lowest tier of Belgian Football. In 1913 the club made its first impact in Belgian football, when it became the first club ever out a regional league to reach the quarter-finals of the Belgian Cup. The club climbed through the ranks of Belgian football. In 1922, after winning a national play-off round Lierse gained promotion to the national levels of Belgian Football, which they would never leave until present.

1927–1948: First spell at the highest level
Five years after reaching the national levels, in 1927, Lierse became champions in division 1 the second tier of Belgian football, with a 2 points advantage over RSC Anderlecht. In doing so, Lierse succeeded promotion to the highest level for the first time in its history. This first spell in the top tier proved to be very successful immediately as Lierse became champions for the first time in 1932. In the 12 seasons that followed they finished only 1 time outside the top 5, becoming runner up in 1935 and 1939, and winning the championship again in 1941 (unofficial due to World War II) and 1942.

One of the major factors of the success of the club in this period was Bernard Voorhoof, who scored 350 goals in 529 matches for the club. He was voted "Lierse player of the century" when the club celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2006. Until now Voorhoof is also still the topscorer of the Belgium national football team with 30 goals in 61 matches and he is one of the four players worldwide to have competed in all 3 FIFA World Cups before World War II.

The second World War had its impact on the club though. 2 players of the club, national goalkeeper Frans Christiaens and Frans Vervoort died during allied bombardments on a factory in German-occupied Mortsel. Also Jules Van Craen, topscorer of the Belgian League in the 1943 season died during the war. In the season 1944–45 Lierse, together with three other clubs from the Antwerp area, did not compete in the league, due to the German bombardments on the Port of Antwerp. These facts, combined with some of the older players retiring caused the club to decline until they finished bottom of the league in 1948. After 21 years at the highest level, Lierse were relegated for the first time in its history.

1953–2018
In 1953, Lierse secured promotion to the highest level once again.

In 1960, K. Lierse S.K won their third championship title, and distinguished themselves at European level.

In 1969, Lierse won the Belgian Cup for the first time.

September 21, 1971, is considered an important day for Lierse. Two weeks earlier, Lierse had lost 0–2 at home to the far superior Leeds United in the first round of the UEFA Cup. Nobody expected that Lierse would win in Leeds, but Lierse had an improbably 0–4 win, and Leeds, the Cup holders, were knocked out.

In 1986, Lierse were again relegated, but in 1988, they were promoted back to the top division. Keeping up with the elite clubs in Belgium had now become the top priority. Rich clubs such as Anderlecht and Club Bruges reigned supreme in the Belgian League.

1991–1994: Telefusion Belgium sponsored Lierse in these years.

In 1997, Lierse became league champions again, to a large amount of people's surprise. The hotly tipped favourites, Club Bruges, were surprisingly beaten to the title by Lierse.

Two years later (1999), Lierse won the Belgian Cup again.

In May 2018, owner Maged Samy and David Nakhid failed to agree on terms for a possible acquisition, making the future of the club uncertain.

League

 * Belgian First Division
 * Champions: 1931–32, 1941–42, 1959–60, 1996–97
 * Runners-up: 1934–35, 1938–39
 * Belgian Second Division
 * Winners: 1926–27, 2009–10
 * Runners-up (5): 1924–25, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1952–53, 2008–09
 * Belgian Second Division final round
 * Winners: 1974, 1988, 2006

Cups

 * Belgian Cup
 * Winners: 1968–69, 1998–99
 * Runners-up: 1975–76
 * Belgian Super Cup
 * Winners: 1997, 1999

Stadium
Since 1925 Lierse played in the Herman Vanderpoortenstadion often referred to as Lisp. The latter is the location of the stadium in the residential area Lisp. The stadium has a capacity of 14,538.

title: Lierse S.K.


text:
Talk:Annette Lu

Untitled
Thanks Wik. Stargoat 03:32, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)

You have got to be kidding me
Why was there a name change, without consulting the community at all, on this article? If the person who did this changing were to look at Annette Lu's personal website, he would discover that she does not use an umlaut when spelling her own name. Why is it necessary to add an umlaut then? Are we going to start with all Chinese who have names in different tones? Are we going start on Lucy Liü next?

(I mean, she's cool enough to have an umlaut, like Motörhead or something, but come on.)

Change it back. Stargoat 12:22, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * You are an ignorant! You know nothing about the Chinese language. Lucy Liu doesn't have an umlaut at all, Liü doesn't exist. And as said beneath, umlaut doesn't indicate tone. You have no right to propose anything. --2.245.184.81 (talk) 12:30, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

No kidding
Ok, sorry for this move. But there's a reason for this.

As a surname, LU is pronounced differently from Lü. LU rhymes with "shoe", "do", "who" etc, but this is not explicitly how this surname is pronounced. Her surname is pronounced as Lü, this is how it is reflected in pinyin (see her pinyin transliteration). There is no equivalent in English, hence the umlaut. (Know French? Pronounce as a French 'u' or as German ü)

With Lucy Liu, there is no difficulty, it's always pronounced as a Liu. But there IS a LU (as in Lu Xun) and a Lü difference in (this is not a tonal difference) Chinese, and in English, the surname Lu and Lü are not just different surnames but pronounced differently. Writing her name as LU could easily mean a mispronounciation.

I'm not kidding you. Go check this out.

I didn't bother to consult because I didn't thought it was this controversial. Mandel 09:00, Jul 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * I believe Stargoat is aware of the pronunciation matter. But that's not the issue here. Anette Lu has chosen to spell her surname in a non-WG, non-Pinyin manner -- and that's her official choice. You can't get any more official and public than this -- vice-president for ages. --Menchi 10:46, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Fair enough. But he seems to think the umlaut a tone; so I don't think he knows about it. Mandel 09:34, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * This is the English language encyclopedia, not the Romanized Chinese one. So are you going to move Kuomintang too because Wade-Giles bastardizes the real Mandarin pronounciation? --Jiang 22:58, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I don't see how Wade-Giles has bastardized the real Mandarin pronounciation?? You completely misunderstood me.  If one were to replace Annette Lu with the correct Wade-Giles transliteration, it would still be Annette Lü; see Wade-Giles for "Lu Xun" (ie. "Lu Hsün").  Furthermore all Chinese --> English are Romanization.

 * I would take Menchi's point, that Ms Annette chose to spell her name as Annette Lu instead of Lü, neither WG or pinyin way. And please, no more of the Mainland-vs-Taiwan (pinyin-vs-Wade-Giles) political argument. I'm sick and tired of petty politics on Wikipedia and if you are going into it I'm raising my hands in defeat.  But in both transliteration, pinyin and Wade-Giles, the correct form would be Lü.

 * My reason for changing it is not because I advocate for pinyin of some red Communist (yah, yah, blah, blah), but simply out of respect for her real surname. Lü is not just the correct pinyin and Wade-Giles form, but also distinguishes it from Lu.  I always feel that she spells it without the umlaut out of convenience.  It's the same that most spell Lu-Hsün as Lu Hsun out of convenience.

 * Maybe someone can email her to tell her the more correct form and suggest the change. :p.

 * And some courtesy please. I don't think there is room for coercion here. Must we run a courtesy compaign here every time we disagree on matters? Mandel 09:34, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)

Pinyin seems to compose the letters leading to the closer Mandarin pronounciation for cases such as Kuomintang v Guomindang. As a Mandarin speaker, I don't see how this is not the case. I also don't see how politics jumped into this. No one is accusing anyone else of being a communist or communist sympathizer/propagandist. My mention of Kuomintang/Guomindang is to show that article titles are not meant to represent the actual prnounciation in the best possible way. In wikipedia, we list articles in their most common names in English. Oftentimes, the bastardized romanization (no tones or ulumats) is more common over the pure romanization ( so no, the English form isnt automatically romanization; it could also be translation, or in this case English name with bastard romanized surname). Adhereing to certain notations is not part of our criteria for naming articles - it has to do with whether everyone else does too. --Jiang

 * In Taiwan, people spell their names in Wade-Giles, Hanyu Pinyin, MPSII, Tongyong Pinyin, Yale and other systems, or bastardized versions of the above, or hybrids of these systems, or simply make up their own spellings. The spellings of many people's names are the results of typos, accent/dialect, or plain ignorance. Plus, people often dispense with diacritics because they are not easily typed. Unlike in mainland China, there is no consistency in the spelling of names in Taiwan (people, companies and even places: fine examples of places with messed-up spellings are Keelung and Shei-Pa National Park). Thus, the best way to render a name is to use the official spelling that the person (or company, or local governing body) has selected, no matter how wrong it may be. Bubbha (talk) 09:20, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

 * It's over Taiwan now officially uses Pinyin. --2.245.184.81 (talk) 12:30, 24 April 2014 (UTC)

Li Ao's allegation
To the anon:

I apologize if I sounded as if I were doubting you. Howeve, the reason why I think this section does not belong is not because Li Ao didn't make the allegation (he clearly did); it's that in an encyclopedia article, I don't think we can/should incorporate every single wacky theory that is not backed up by evidence. Li claimed to have documents from the CIA showing his allegations, but those documents were later discredited (some shown as forgeries, and some shown to have been misread by Li). If we include every single theory that Li Ao puts forth in Wikipedia articles, the articles would be unreadable. --Nlu (talk) 21:52, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

It is not about including EVERY SINGLE THEORY.... but just this one by Li Ao. And <i do dnot want to see all of Li Aos comments in all articles. (This is you speculation).

In the article we find: "The Pan-Blue Coalition suggested that the shooting was not an assassination attempt but that it was staged to gain sympathy votes (see March 19, 2004 assassination attempt in Taiwan). " Why leaving this sepculation while erasing Li Aos?

And - if you follow the media - you will find that the Li Aos theory gets more suport in these days. Even Mme Lü Xiulian herself wanted the 319- case newly investigated - which is against the opinion of most of the DPP-followers. BTW, I am NOT anonymous, but I am accustum,ed to the fact that contributers without a NAME are treated like second class people. So, please put my comments back. (Erasing is easier than writing, I know.) 80.218.242.250 21:59, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I disagree. However, I have filed a request for comment to see what others might think about this.  --Nlu (talk) 22:19, 16 March 2006 (UTC)

Pls follow up the actal media reports. Even Mme Lü herself backs now the demand of re-investigatiing the case in the light of the new findings of the CIA. 80.218.240.81 11:56, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Post these new findings and cite them please? Its been well regarded that the 319 shooting case is set. Even Dr Lee, whom admits he is pro KMT political wise, has said the assassination attempt was likely not planned but done on whim. The CIA has not given any official statements on this incident either. --24.193.80.232 (talk) 11:08, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Lu Hsiu-lien.jpg
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Corruption Charges
The section on her corruption charges is more like a list of people also charged. I think it should contain more details specific to her corruption case, such as the current status of her case. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 61.217.108.204 (talk) 02:48, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Annette Lu


text:
Yangpu

Yangpu may refer to:

 * Yangpu District, a district of Shanghai, China
 * Yangpu Peninsula, a peninsula on the northwest coast of Hainan Island, China
 * Yangpu Economic Development Zone, an economic development zone on Yangpu Peninsula, Hainan Province, China
 * Yangpu, a village in Meichuan, Wuxue, Huanggang, Hubei, China

title: Yangpu


text:
Elsie Inglis

Eliza Maud "Elsie" Inglis (16 August 1864 – 26 November 1917) was a Scottish medical doctor, surgeon, teacher, suffragist, and founder of the Scottish Women's Hospitals. She was the first woman to hold the Serbian Order of the White Eagle.

Early life and education
Inglis was born on 16 August 1864, in the hill station town of Naini Tal, British India. Inglis had eight siblings and was the second daughter and third youngest. Her parents were Harriet Lowes Thompson and John Forbes David Inglis (1820–1894), a magistrate who worked in the Indian civil service as Chief Commissioner of Oudh through the East India Company, as did her maternal grandfather. Inglis's parents considered the education of a daughter as important as that of a son, and also had them schooled in India. Elsie and her sister Eva had 40 dolls which she used to treat for 'spots' (measles) she had painted on.

Inglis's father was religious and used his position in India to "encourage native economic development, spoke out against infanticide and promoted female education." Inglis's maternal grandfather was Rev Henry Simson of Chapel of Garioch in Aberdeenshire. She was a cousin to the gynaecologist Sir Henry Simson, as well as fellow female medical pioneer Grace Cadell.

Inglis's father retired (when aged 56) from the East India Company to return to Edinburgh, via Tasmania, where some of her older siblings settled. Inglis went on to a private education in Edinburgh (where she had led a successful demand by the schoolgirls to use private gardens in Charlotte Square) and finishing school in Paris. Inglis's decision to study medicine was delayed by nursing her mother, during her last illness (scarlet fever) and her death in 1885, when she felt obliged to stay in Edinburgh with her father.

In 1887, the Edinburgh School of Medicine for Women was opened by Dr Sophia Jex-Blake and Inglis started her studies there. In reaction to Jex-Blake's methods, and after two fellow students Grace and Georgina Cadell were expelled, Inglis and her father founded the Edinburgh College of Medicine for Women, under the auspices of the Scottish Association for the Medical Education of Women, whose sponsors included Sir William Muir, a friend of her father from India, now Principal of the University of Edinburgh. Inglis's sponsors also arranged clinical training for female students under Sir William MacEwen at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary.

In 1892, she obtained the Triple Qualification, becoming a Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. She was concerned at the low standard of care and lack of specialisation in the needs of female patients, and so obtained a post at Elizabeth Garrett Anderson's pioneering New Hospital for Women in London, and then at the Rotunda in Dublin, a leading maternity hospital. Inglis gained her MBChM qualification in 1899, from the University of Edinburgh, after it opened its medical courses to women. Her return to Edinburgh to start this course had coincided with nursing her father in his final illness before he died on 4 March 1894, aged 73. Inglis at the time noted that 'he did not believe that death was the stopping-place, but that one would go on growing and learning through all eternity'.

Inglis later acknowledged that 'whatever I am, whatever I have done – I owe it all to my father'.

Medical practice
Inglis returned to Edinburgh in 1894, completed her medical degree and became a lecturer in gynaecology at the Medical College for Women and then set up a medical practice with Jessie MacLaren MacGregor, who had been a fellow student. Considering that women and children's medicine was under resourced, they opened a maternity hospital, named The Hospice, for poor women alongside a midwifery resource and training centre, initially in George Square. The Hospice was then provided with an accident and general service as well as maternity, with an operating theatre and eight beds, in new premises at 219 High Street, on the Royal Mile, close to Cockburn Street, and was the forerunner of the Elsie Inglis Memorial Maternity Hospital. In 1913, Inglis travelled across to the USA (Michigan) to visit and learn from a new type of maternity hospital.

Inglis often waived the fees owed to her and would pay for her patients to recuperate by the sea-side, with polio being a particular childhood illness she was concerned with. Inglis was a consultant at Bruntsfield Hospital, a nearby hospital for women and children, and the Hospice merged with them in 1910.

Inglis's surgical skills were recognised by colleagues as "she was quiet, calm, and collected, and never at a loss, skilful in her manipulations, and able to cope with any emergency."

Inglis lived and was in a relationship for some time with Flora Murray, a fellow doctor and suffragette.

Suffrage movement
Her dissatisfaction with the standard of medical care available to women led her to political activism through the suffrage movement. She was the secretary of the Edinburgh National Society for Women's Suffrage in the 1890s, supported by her father, and while she was working toward her medical degree.

Inglis worked closely with Millicent Fawcett, the leader of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (the NUWSS), speaking at events all over the country. By 1906, "Elsie Inglis was to the Scottish groups what Mrs. Fawcett was to the English; when they too formed themselves that year into a Federation, it was Elsie who became its secretary." From the early years of the Scottish Federation of Women's Suffrage Societies, Inglis was honorary secretary from 1906 and continued in this role right up to 1914.

Inglis spoke in support of suffrage in 1907 with Chrystal MacMillan and Alice Low as fellow speakers, at a NUWSS meeting in Edinburgh's Café Oak Hall. Jessie Scott from New Zealand, where women already had the vote was also a guest speaker.

A century later, in The Lancet, Lucy Inglis (a relative) noted Inglis had said 'fate had placed her in the van of a great movement' and was a 'keen fighter'. Inglis's personal style was described by fellow suffragist Sarah Mair as 'courteous, sweet-voiced' with 'the eyes of a seer', a 'radiant smile' when her lips were not 'firmly closed with a fixity of purpose such as would warn off unwarrantable opposition or objections...'

First World War
Although she had already had turned 50 at the start of the conflict, it was during the First World War that she made her mark. Despite government resistance, Inglis established the Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service Committee, an organisation funded by the women's suffrage movement to provide all female staffed relief hospitals for the Allied war effort, including doctors and technical staff (paid) and others including nurses and transport staff and others as volunteers.

Inglis wanted a neutral name in order to attract "wide support from men and women". but was able to use her connections to the suffrage movement to raise money for what became the Scottish Women's Hospitals (SWH). Inglis approached the Scottish Red Cross to help with funding, but the head of the Scottish Red Cross, Sir George Beatson denied Inglis' request stating that the Red Cross was in the hands of the War Office and he could have "nothing to say to a hospital staffed by women." To start the project, "she opened a fund with £100 of her own money." Milicent Fawcett, of NUWSS took up the cause and invited Inglis to speak about the SWH in London, and by the next month, Inglis had her first £1,000. The goal was £50,000. Collection boxes had the NUWSS logo in small print, one is held in the National Museum of Scotland.

The organisation was active in sending eventually 14 teams to Belgium, France, Serbia and Russia.

When Inglis approached the Royal Army Medical Corps to offer them a ready-made medical unit staffed by qualified women, the War Office told her, "my good lady, go home and sit still." It was, instead, the French government that took up her offer and established a unit in France and then she led her own unit in Serbia. Inglis was involved in all aspects of the organisation of this service down to the colours of the uniform, 'a hodden grey, with Gordon tartan facings'. The French hospital was based at the Abbey of Royaumont and was run by Frances Ivens from January 1915 to March 1919. Inglis had initially offered a 100-bed hospital but it grew to hold 600 beds as it coped with the severity of battles, including that on the Somme.

Inglis went with the teams sent to Serbia, to work in improving hygiene which reduced typhus and other epidemics there. On her journey, she was to enjoy a last peaceful day of sunshine and starlight on the voyage. The typhus outbreak in Serbia affected the hospital, and eventually took the lives of four of the SWH staff, including Nurse Louisa Jordan, after whom the coronavirus pandemic hospital in Glasgow was named in 2020. Four SWH units in Serbia were established but in 1915 Inglis was captured, when the Austro-Hungarian and German forces took over the region, as she had stayed behind with others to repatriate the wounded. Inglis was taken prisoner when at Krushevatz (Kruševac) Hospital in Serbia. Inglis and others were repatriated via neutral Switzerland in February 1916, but upon reaching Scotland, she at once began organising funds for a Scottish Women's Hospital team in Russia. She headed the Scots team when it left in August 1916 for Odessa, Russia. She had appointed two fellow Scottish suffragists, Mary H. J. Henderson as administrator, and Evelina Haverfield as commandant for the new unit. The two SWH units were overcome in the chaos of a retreat with Inglis travelling via Dobruja to Braila, on the Danube with the people in flight, including families, doctors, soldiers and a Romanian officer who had been in Glasgow and knew "British custims" (sic). The Scottish women's journeys and challenging experiences in Serbia were shared by her administrator, Henderson in national and local press and in fundraising talks once she returned home. Inglis was said, in the chaos, to think of her homeland 'there, quiet, strong and invincible, behind everything and everyone'.

At Braila with just six other doctors, only one surgeon, Inglis and team were treating 11,000 wounded soldiers and sailors. A letter in tribute to Inglis, in the name of "The Russian Citizen Soldiers" was written at Easter to "express our sincere gratitude for all the care and attention bestowed on us, and we bow low before the tireless and wonderful work of yourself and your personnel, which we see every day directed towards the good of the soldiers allied to your country". Inglis got the news that her nephew was shot in the head and blinded on the day that she was leaving for Reni (Ukraine). She questioned the eternal battle of good and evil referred to in wartime, when she wrote to her sister expressing her sorrow for her nephew, ending with "we are just here in it, and whatever we lose, it is for the right we are standing...it is all terrible and awful, and I don't believe we can disentangle it all in our minds just now. The only thing is just to go on doing our bit."

Inglis, "an indomitable little figure" lasted another summer in Russia, before she too was forced to return in poor health to the United Kingdom, dying almost on arrival, suffering from bowel cancer. On her final journey, she was seen to stand on deck saying a farewell to each of the Serb officers being evacuated "in quiet dignity."

Death and legacy
Inglis died on 26 November 1917, the day after she arrived back in Britain, with her sisters at her bedside at the Station Hotel, Newcastle upon Tyne.

Inglis's body lay in state at St Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh, and her funeral there on 29 November was attended by both British and Serbian royalty. The service included the 'Hallelujah Chorus' and the Last Post played by the buglers of the Royal Scots. The streets were lined with people as her coffin went through Edinburgh to be buried at the Dean Cemetery. The Scotsman newspaper wrote that it was an "occasion of an impressive public tribute". Winston Churchill said of Inglis and her nurses "they will shine in history."

In London, a subsequent memorial service, attended by members of the royal families of Britain and Serbia, was held at St Margaret's Church in Westminster, the Anglican parish church of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

Inglis is buried in the north section of Dean Cemetery, on a corner north of the central path. Her parents, John Forbes David Inglis (1820–1894) and Harriet Lowes Thompson (1827–1885), as well as her cousin, Sir Henry Simson, lie nearby in the same cemetery.

A memorial fountain was erected in Inglis's memory in Mladenovac, Serbia, commemorating her work for the country. A plaque marking her pre-war surgery from 1898 to 1914 was erected at 8 Walker Street, Edinburgh. A portrait of her is included in the mural of heroic women by Walter P. Starmer unveiled in 1921 in the church of St Jude-on-the-Hill in Hampstead Garden Suburb, London. In 1922 a large tablet to her memory (sculpted by Pilkington Jackson) was erected in the north aisle of St Giles Cathedral, in Edinburgh.

Her main physical memorial was the building of the Elsie Inglis Memorial Maternity Hospital in 1925 which was operational until 1988. Many Edinburgh children were born there during the 20th century. It was closed by the National Health Service in 1988 and sold off. Part of it is now an old people's home, part is private housing, and parts are demolished; it is no longer recognisable as a hospital. At its closure there were public protests that a new maternity unit should also be named after Inglis, which has not yet happened (2020). A small plaque to Elsie Inglis exists near the south-west corner at the entrance to Holyrood Park.

A nursing career development scheme in NHS Lothian is called 'the Elsies '.

Inglis was commemorated on a new series of banknotes issued by the Clydesdale Bank in 2009; her image appeared on the new issue of £50 notes. In March 2015, the British Residence in Belgrade was renamed 'Elsie Inglis House ' in recognition of her work in the country. The ceremony was conducted by the President of Serbia Tomislav Nikolic and the UK Ambassador Denis Keefe said"'Elsie Inglis was one of the first women in Scotland who had finished high education and was a pioneer of medicine. She fought energetically against prejudice, for social and political emancipation of women in Britain. She was also a tireless volunteer, courageous organiser of the Scottish Women's Hospitals and a dedicated humanitarian. Unfortunately, Elsie Inglis didn't live long enough to see the triumph of some of her ideas, but she has had a tremendous influence on social trends in our country. In Scotland she became a doctor, in Serbia she became a saint.'"In 2020 it was noted that Serbia's first palliative care hospice will also be named after Elsie Inglis.

In November 2017, a memorial plaque to Elsie Inglis and 15 women who died as a result of their service to the Scottish Women's Hospitals was set in Edinburgh Central Library.

Inglis's name and picture (and those of 58 other women's suffrage supporters) are on the plinth of the statue of Millicent Fawcett in Parliament Square, London, unveiled in 2018.

The Women's Roll of Honour plaque in York Minster also includes Inglis' name.

Inglis's younger sister Eva Helen Shaw McLaren wrote her biography Elsie Inglis, The Woman With the Torch in 1920, and in 2009 a coloured illustrated edition was published, a reference is to Florence Nightingale known as 'The Lady of the Lamp'. The Project Gutenberg has published the former book.

In Eva's papers was found an unpublished manuscript novel by Inglis, 'The Story of a Modern Woman', whose heroine, Hildeguard Forrest, may be seen as autobiographical in part, and in a boating accident the narrator says 'in a sudden flash....[she] suddenly realised she wasn't a coward'.

Inglis was described as one of the 'greatest-ever' Scottish women, 'a great role model and someone young Scots can be proud of'. A journalist called unsuccessfully on the Scottish Ministers to name Edinburgh's Royal Hospital for Children and Young People after Elsie Inglis.

Sir Winston Churchill wrote of the SWH: 'No body of women has won a higher reputation in the Great War.....their work, lit up by the fame of Dr. Inglis, will shine in history'.

Statue
The Lord Provost of Edinburgh launched a plan to make a permanent memorial to Inglis in the city in November 2021. There are more than 43 statues of men in Edinburgh city centre but only two statues of women, and on the Royal Mile itself (the site for Elsie's statue) there are twelve statues of men, and Elsie's will be the first statue of a woman. There was a campaign to raise the £47,500 funding for the memorial statue, virtual tours (through a QR code on the statue) and other ways to commemorate "a truly revered and treasured figure in Edinburgh's history".

As part of this campaign, an event was held by Girlguiding Scotland on 5 March 2022, in the Meadows in Edinburgh. This event was a sponsored 'sit still', with lots of activities sitting still, such as badge making, first aid and making a shelter from sticks. At this event, there was also a bespoke Elsie Inglis bus tour, provided by Edinburgh Bus Tours, that visited areas linked to Elsie Inglis around Edinburgh. This event was to raise funds for the memorial statue for Elsie, raise awareness and inspire the people of Girlguiding Scotland to do anything they put their mind to. Girlguiding Scotland also created an Elsie Inglis Challenge Pack. Girlguiding Scotland also created an accompanying badge for when members complete some activities from the Challenge Pack.

By May 2022, this crowd-funding drive by Thea Laurie and Fiona Garwood, raised £50,000, by engaging politicians and organisations and public figures like author, Sara Sheridan, tennis coach Judy Murray, scientist Linda Bauld and MSP Jenni Minto, as well as the Lord Provost. They said '"Dr Inglis is the perfect representative for women in Edinburgh. Her achievements in philanthropy and her efforts during World War One are just exceptional. She was a woman who would not be told to sit still and know her place." It will be built on the site of her first hospital at 219 High Street, Edinburgh. A competition for the design of the statue was launched, but on 17 October 2022 the charity's trustees announced that they had decided to cancel the contest and award the commission to Alexander Stoddart, the King's Sculptor in Ordinary. The announcement was met with criticism, and the trustees 'paused' the process to reflect on feedback and to consider their options.

Commemorative Stamp
In December 2015, the British Embassy in Serbia partnered with the Serbia Post to launch a series of six stamps commemorating "British Heroines of the First World War in Serbia". Dr Elsie Inglis was included in the series along with Captain Flora Sandes, Evelina Haverfield, Dr Elizabeth Ross, Dr Katherine MacPhail, and Dr Isabel Emslie Hutton.

Awards and honours
In April 1916, Inglis became the first woman to be awarded the Order of the White Eagle (First class) by the Crown Prince Alexander of Serbia at a ceremony in London. She had previously been awarded the Order of Saint Sava (III class). Her name appears on the screens commemorating the 1,513 women who lost their lives in the First World War as part of the Five Sisters window in York Minster.

Further information
Mary H. J. Henderson, who had helped set up the hospitals and also served with Inglis in Russia, wrote a poem 'In Memoriam: Elsie Maud Inglis ', Henderson's poem described Inglis as a heroine.

title: Elsie Inglis


text:
Talk:2004 Bolivian gas referendum

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3903803.stm - Mesa seems to be claiming victory. Secretlondon 10:28, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:2004 Bolivian gas referendum