text:
List of heads of government of Libya

This article lists the heads of government of Libya since the country's independence in 1951.

Libya is in a tumultuous state since the start of the Arab Spring-related Libyan Crisis in 2011; the crisis resulted in the collapse of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and the killing of Muammar Gaddafi, amidst the First Civil War and the foreign military intervention. The crisis was deepened by the factional violence in the aftermath of the First Civil War, resulting in the outbreak of the Second Civil War in 2014. The control over the country is currently split between the Government of National Stability (GNS)—supported by the House of Representatives (HoR)—in Tobruk and the Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tripoli and their respective supporters, as well as various jihadist groups and tribal elements controlling parts of the country.

Heads of government of Libya (1951–present)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%" ! colspan=9|

Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969)
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="1%" | No. ! rowspan="2" width="20%" | Name ! rowspan="2" width="100px" | Portrait ! rowspan="2" width="20%" | Lifespan ! colspan="3" width="20%" | Term of office ! rowspan="2" width="20%" | Political affiliation ! Took office ! Left office ! Time in office ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 1 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 2 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 3 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 4 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 5 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 6 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | (1) ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 7 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 8 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 9 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 10 ! colspan=9|
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Mahmud al-Muntasir
 * rowspan="2" | Mahmud al-Muntasir2.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1903–1970
 * 29 March 1951
 * 19 February 1954
 * 2 years, 328 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister. First tenure in the office. Served in acting capacity until 24 December 1951.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Muhammad Sakizli
 * rowspan="2" | Mohammed Sakizli.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1892–1976
 * 19 February 1954
 * 12 April 1954
 * 52 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Mustafa Ben Halim
 * rowspan="2" | Mustafa Ben Halim (cropped).jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1921–2021
 * 12 April 1954
 * 26 May 1957
 * 3 years, 44 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Abdul Majid Kabar
 * rowspan="2" | Abdul Majid Kubar.JPG
 * rowspan="2" | 1909–1988
 * 26 May 1957
 * 17 October 1960
 * 3 years, 144 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Muhammad Osman Said
 * rowspan="2" | Muhammad Osman Said2.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1924–2007
 * 17 October 1960
 * 19 March 1963
 * 2 years, 153 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Mohieddin Fikini
 * rowspan="2" | Mohieddin Fekini.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1925–1994
 * 19 March 1963
 * 20 January 1964
 * 307 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Mahmud al-Muntasir
 * rowspan="2" | Mahmud al-Muntasir2.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1903–1970
 * 20 January 1964
 * 20 March 1965
 * 1 year
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister. Second tenure in the office.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Hussein Maziq
 * rowspan="2" | Hussein Maziq.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1918–2006
 * 20 March 1965
 * 2 July 1967
 * 2 years, 103 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Abdul Qadir al-Badri
 * rowspan="2" | Abdul Qadir al-Badri.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1921–2003
 * 2 July 1967
 * 25 October 1967
 * 114 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush
 * rowspan="2" | Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush.JPG
 * rowspan="2" | 1933–2007
 * 25 October 1967
 * 4 September 1968
 * 315 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Wanis al-Qaddafi
 * rowspan="2" | Wanis al-Qaddafi2.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1922–1986
 * 4 September 1968
 * 31 August 1969
 * 361 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister. Deposed in the 1969 coup d'état.
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister. Deposed in the 1969 coup d'état.

Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977)
! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 11 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 12 Arab Socialist Union ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 13 Arab Socialist Union ! colspan=9|
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Mahmud Suleiman Maghribi
 * rowspan="2" | No image.svg
 * rowspan="2" | 1935–2009
 * 8 September 1969
 * 16 January 1970
 * 130 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Muammar Gaddafi
 * rowspan="2" | Moamer el Gadafi (cropped).jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1942–2011
 * 16 January 1970
 * 16 July 1972
 * 2 years, 181 days
 * Military /
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister. Simultaneously served as the Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC).
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Abdessalam Jalloud
 * rowspan="2" | Abdessalam Jalloud.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1944
 * 16 July 1972
 * 2 March 1977
 * 4 years, 230 days
 * Military /
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister.
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister.

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)
! rowspan="2" style="background:green" | ! rowspan="2" | 14 ! rowspan="2" style="background:green" | ! rowspan="2" | 15 ! rowspan="2" style="background:green" | ! rowspan="2" | 16 ! rowspan="2" style="background:green" | ! rowspan="2" | (15) ! rowspan="2" style="background:green" | ! rowspan="2" | 17 ! rowspan="2" style="background:green" | ! rowspan="2" | 18 ! rowspan="2" style="background:green" | ! rowspan="2" | 19 ! rowspan="2" style="background:green" | ! rowspan="2" | 20 ! rowspan="2" style="background:green" | ! rowspan="2" | 21 ! rowspan="2" style="background:green" | ! rowspan="2" | 22 ! rowspan="2" style="background:green" | ! rowspan="2" | 23 ! colspan=9|
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Abdul Ati al-Obeidi
 * rowspan="2" | Abdul Ati al-Obeidi (cropped).jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1939–2023
 * 2 March 1977
 * 2 March 1979
 * 2 years years
 * Independent (Islamic socialist)
 * colspan="4" align=left| Secretary-General of the General People's Committee (GPCO). Afterwards served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 1979 to 1981.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi
 * rowspan="2" | No image.svg
 * rowspan="2" | 1939–2024
 * 2 March 1979
 * 16 February 1984
 * 4 years, 352 days
 * Independent (Islamic socialist)
 * colspan="4" align=left| Secretary-General of the GPCO. First tenure in the office.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab
 * rowspan="2" | No image.svg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1940
 * 16 February 1984
 * 3 March 1986
 * 2 years, 16 days
 * Independent (Islamic socialist)
 * colspan="4" align=left| Secretary-General of the GPCO. Previously served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 1981 to 1984. Afterwards served as Governor of the Central Bank of Libya, from 1987 to 1990 and in 2011.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi
 * rowspan="2" | No image.svg
 * rowspan="2" | 1939–2024
 * 3 March 1986
 * 1 March 1987
 * 363 days
 * Independent (Islamic socialist)
 * colspan="4" align=left| Secretary-General of the GPCO. Second tenure in the office. Served at the time of the 1986 United States bombing (Operation El Dorado Canyon).
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Umar Mustafa Al Muntasir
 * rowspan="2" | No image.svg
 * rowspan="2" | 1939–2001
 * 1 March 1987
 * 7 October 1990
 * 3 years, 220 days
 * Independent (Islamic socialist)
 * colspan="4" align=left| Secretary-General of the GPCO.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Abuzed Omar Dorda
 * rowspan="2" | No image.svg
 * rowspan="2" | 1944–2022
 * 7 October 1990
 * 29 January 1994
 * 3 years, 115 days
 * Independent (Islamic socialist)
 * colspan="4" align=left| Secretary-General of the GPCO. Afterwards served as head of the Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya (national intelligence service), from 2009 to 2011.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud
 * rowspan="2" | No image.svg
 * rowspan="2" | 1943–2021
 * 29 January 1994
 * 29 December 1997
 * 3 years, 334 days
 * Independent (Islamic socialist)
 * colspan="4" align=left| Secretary-General of the GPCO.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush
 * rowspan="2" | No image.svg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1967
 * 29 December 1997
 * 1 March 2000
 * 2 years, 63 days
 * Independent (Islamic socialist)
 * colspan="4" align=left| Secretary-General of the GPCO.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Imbarek Shamekh
 * rowspan="2" | No image.svg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1952
 * 1 March 2000
 * 14 June 2003
 * 3 years, 104 days
 * Independent (Islamic socialist)
 * colspan="4" align=left| Secretary-General of the GPCO. Afterwards served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 2009 to 2010.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Shukri Ghanem
 * rowspan="2" | Shukri Ghanem 2010.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1942–2012
 * 14 June 2003
 * 5 March 2006
 * 2 years, 265 days
 * Independent (Islamic socialist)
 * colspan="4" align=left| Secretary-General of the GPCO.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Baghdadi Mahmudi
 * rowspan="2" | 2008-07-31 Багдади Махмуди.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1945
 * 5 March 2006
 * 23 August 2011
 * 5 years, 171 days
 * Independent (Islamic socialist)
 * colspan="4" align=left| Secretary-General of the GPCO. Served at the time of the First Civil War and the concurrent foreign military intervention. Deposed during the Battle of Tripoli.
 * colspan="4" align=left| Secretary-General of the GPCO. Served at the time of the First Civil War and the concurrent foreign military intervention. Deposed during the Battle of Tripoli.

Transitional period (2011–present)
! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 24 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | — ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | — ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 25 ! colspan=9| ! colspan=9| ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 26 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | — ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | — ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | — ! colspan=9| ! colspan=9| ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 27 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | — ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | — ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | 28 ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | — ! rowspan="2" style="background:" | ! rowspan="2" | —
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Mahmoud Jibril
 * rowspan="2" | Mahmoud Jibril 2011 (cropped).jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1952–2020
 * 5 March 2011
 * 23 October 2011
 * 231 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister; served as Head of the Executive Team of the National Transitional Council (NTC) until 23 March 2011. In rebellion to 23 August 2011, based in Benghazi during this period.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Ali Tarhouni
 * rowspan="2" | Ali Tarhouni cropped GNC.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1951
 * 23 October 2011
 * 24 November 2011
 * 32 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Deputy Prime Minister, assumed office as caretaker.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Abdurrahim El-Keib
 * rowspan="2" | El-Keib (cropped).jpg
 * rowspan="2" | 1950–2020
 * 24 November 2011
 * 14 November 2012
 * 356 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Acting Prime Minister.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Ali Zeidan
 * rowspan="2" | Ali Zeidan at US State Department 2013.png
 * rowspan="2" | born 1950
 * 14 November 2012
 * 11 March 2014
 * 1 year, 117 days
 * National Party for Development and Welfare
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister. Briefly kidnapped by armed militants during the 2013 coup attempt. Survived the February 2014 coup attempt.
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister. Briefly kidnapped by armed militants during the 2013 coup attempt. Survived the February 2014 coup attempt.
 * colspan="9"| Following the 2014 parliamentary election, the government was split between the newly-elected House of Representatives (HoR) and the outgoing General National Congress (GNC), resulting in the Second Civil War. The 2014 elections were declared invalid by the Supreme Court in November 2014.
 * colspan="9"| Following the 2014 parliamentary election, the government was split between the newly-elected House of Representatives (HoR) and the outgoing General National Congress (GNC), resulting in the Second Civil War. The 2014 elections were declared invalid by the Supreme Court in November 2014.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Abdullah al-Theni
 * rowspan="2" | Abdullah al-Thani.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1954
 * 11 March 2014
 * 5 April 2016
 * 2 years, 26 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister. In rebellion, based in Tobruk from August 2014, then in Bayda. Internationally recognized until 12 March 2016. Served in acting capacity until 8 April 2014. Survived the May 2014 coup attempt.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Ahmed Maiteeq
 * rowspan="2" | Ahmed Maiteeq.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1972
 * 25 May 2014
 * 9 June 2014
 * 15 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister. Appointment declared invalid by the Supreme Court.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Omar al-Hassi
 * rowspan="2" | No image.svg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1949
 * 6 September 2014
 * 31 March 2015
 * 206 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister of the National Salvation Government (NSG). In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Khalifa al-Ghawil
 * rowspan="2" | No image.svg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1964
 * 31 March 2015
 * 5 April 2016
 * 1 year, 6 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister of the NSG. Served in acting capacity until 1 December 2015. In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister of the NSG. Served in acting capacity until 1 December 2015. In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
 * colspan="9"| Following the inauguration of the Presidential Council and the Government of National Accord (GNA), the government remain split between the HoR and the NSG, recreated after the 2016 coup attempt. However, the High Council of State (HCS), based in Tripoli, recognized the GNA.
 * colspan="9"| Following the inauguration of the Presidential Council and the Government of National Accord (GNA), the government remain split between the HoR and the NSG, recreated after the 2016 coup attempt. However, the High Council of State (HCS), based in Tripoli, recognized the GNA.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Fayez al-Sarraj
 * rowspan="2" | Fayez al-Sarraj in Washington - 2017 (38751877521) (cropped).jpg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1960
 * 5 April 2016
 * 15 March 2021
 * 4 years, 307 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister of the GNA, simultaneously served as the Chairman of the Presidential Council. Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Khalifa al-Ghawil
 * rowspan="2" | No image.svg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1964
 * 14 October 2016
 * 16 March 2017
 * 153 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister of the recreated NSG. In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Abdullah al-Theni
 * rowspan="2" | Abdullah al-Thani.jpg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1954
 * 5 April 2016
 * 15 March 2021
 * 4 years, 345 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister of the HoR. Based in opposition in Tobruk.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh
 * rowspan="2" | Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh (15-04-2021).jpg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1958
 * 15 March 2021
 * Incumbent
 * 3 years, 107 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister of the Government of National Unity (GNU). Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Fathi Bashagha
 * rowspan="2" | Fathi Bashagha 2021.png
 * rowspan="2" | born 1962
 * 3 March 2022
 * 16 May 2023
 * 1 year, 73 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Prime Minister of the Government of National Stability (GNS), supported by the HoR. Based in opposition in Sirte. Suspended by the HoR on 16 May 2023.
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * - style="background:#EEEEEE"
 * rowspan="2" | Osama Hammad
 * rowspan="2" | No image.svg
 * rowspan="2" | born 1979
 * 16 May 2023
 * Incumbent
 * 1 year, 45 days
 * Independent
 * colspan="4" align=left| Incumbent Minister of Finance. Acting Prime Minister of the GNS, supported by the HoR. Designated Acting Prime Minister by the HoR during the suspension of Fathi Bashagha.
 * }
 * }

title: List of heads of government of Libya


text:
List of storms named Bonnie

The name Bonnie has been used for ten tropical cyclones worldwide, eight in the Atlantic Ocean (one of which crossed over into the eastern Pacific Ocean) and one each in the Western Pacific and the Australian region of the Southern Hemisphere.

In the Atlantic:
 * Hurricane Bonnie (1980), moved north over the central Atlantic Ocean, peaking at Category 2 strength.
 * Hurricane Bonnie (1986), a minimal hurricane that hit Beaumont-Port Arthur, Texas, causing light damage.
 * Hurricane Bonnie (1992), tracked eastward over the Atlantic, peaking at Category 2 strength, and striking the Azores as a tropical storm.
 * Hurricane Bonnie (1998), struck Wilmington, North Carolina, at just under Category 3 strength.
 * Tropical Storm Bonnie (2004), struck the Florida Panhandle, and caused heavy rainfall along the East Coast of the United States.
 * Tropical Storm Bonnie (2010), struck the eastern Florida coast causing minimal damage.
 * Tropical Storm Bonnie (2016), weakened to tropical depression strength just prior to striking Charleston, South Carolina, then degenerated into a post-tropical cyclone but later re-generated into a tropical storm after emerging over the ocean.
 * Hurricane Bonnie (2022), made landfall near the Costa Rica–Nicaragua border as a tropical storm, crossed over intact into the eastern Pacific Ocean, and strengthened into a Category 3 hurricane.

In the Western Pacific:
 * Tropical Storm Bonnie (1978) (T7810, 11W, Gading), struck Vietnam.

In the Australian region:
 * Cyclone Bonnie (2002), caused heavy rainfall and gusty winds in Timor and Sumba; flash flooding in Sumba killed 19 people.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: List of storms named Bonnie


text:
Mike Rathje

Michael Steven Rathje (born May 11, 1974) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the San Jose Sharks and Philadelphia Flyers. Rathje was born in Mannville, Alberta, but grew up in Medicine Hat, Alberta.

Playing career
Rathje was selected by the San Jose Sharks 3rd overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft and made his NHL debut during the 1993–94 season. After holding out for nearly half of the 2001–02 season, Rathje responded with a career year in the 2002–03 season as he played in all 82 games scoring career highs with 7 goals and 22 assists for 29 points. After spending his first eleven seasons with the Sharks, Rathje signed a five-year contract with the Philadelphia Flyers following the NHL lockout. Shortly into his second season with the Flyers, Rathje was placed on Long Term Injured Reserve (LTI) due to chronic back and hip problems. Rathje attempted to return to the Flyers lineup prior to the 2007–08 season, but was placed on LTI after training camp.

Awards

 * 1991–92: East Second All-Star Team (WHL)
 * 1992–93: East Second All-Star Team (WHL)

title: Mike Rathje


text:
Worsley

Worsley is a village in the City of Salford, Greater Manchester, England, which in 2014 had a population of 10,090. It lies along Worsley Brook, 6 mi west of Manchester.

Within the boundaries of the historic county of Lancashire, there is evidence of Roman and Anglo-Saxon activity, including two Roman roads. The completion in 1761 of the Bridgewater Canal allowed Worsley to expand from a small village of cottage industries to an important town based upon cotton manufacture, iron-working, brick-making and extensive coal mining. Later expansion came after the First and Second World Wars, when large urban estates were built.

Worsley Delph is a scheduled monument and a significant part of the town's historic centre is now a conservation area.

Toponymy
Worsley is first mentioned in a Pipe roll of 1195–96 as Werkesleia, in the claim of a Hugh Putrell to a part of the fee of two knights in nearby Barton-upon-Irwell and Worsley. There are many variations on the name; Werkesleia, 1195; Wyrkedele, 1212; Whurkedeleye, c. 1220; Worketley, 1254; Worcotesley, Workedesle, 1276; Wrkesley, Wrkedeley, Workedeley, 1292; Wyrkeslegh, Workesley, 1301; Worsley, 1444; and "Workdisley alias Workesley alias Worseley", 1581. The spelling of the name in early documents, suggests a Saxon origin. Ge-Weore, the Old English form of the name, means "the cleared place which was cultivated or settled." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle contain no references to Worsley.

Early history
Two Roman roads run through the area. Connecting Mamucium (Manchester) with Coccium (Wigan), one passes through Worsley near Drywood, and over Mosley Common. The present-day A6 road follows part of the course of another Roman road, which passes through the northern part of the area near Walkden and Little Hulton. In 1947 a hoard of 550 Roman coins was found near a quarry in Boothstown, dated to between AD 250 and 275, and in 1958 the head of a man was found on Worsley Moss. Named "Worsley man", and originally thought to be no more than 20 years old, upon the discovery of Lindow Man it was re-examined and dated to approximately the 2nd century AD, in the Romano-British period.

Worsley later fell under the control of the Anglo-Saxons, who controlled much of the area around Manchester and who also defeated the British at the Battle of Chester in AD 615. Edward the Elder rebuilt the fortifications at Manchester, and in AD 924 captured all the land between the rivers Mersey and Irwell, making it demesne in the Kingdom of Wessex. During the Middle Ages the area was covered with forests and marshlands. Thinly populated by craftsmen and serfs, Worsley grew as a settlement adjoining an ancient corn mill, close to the location of the present-day Worsley Road Bridge. Most farms throughout Lancashire were small with their tenants dependent upon secondary employment, however in 1719 a John Kay of Worsley had five stirks, two bulls, 17 cows, "young cattle upon the moors", and a "cow at hire", all valued at £97 5s. Marl was commonly used as a fertiliser, and is recorded in use in 1719. Wheeler's Manchester: Its Political, Social and Commercial History, Ancient and Modern (1836) states that about one-fifth of the land around Worsley, Astley and Tyldesley was in tillage, lower on average than the surrounding areas.

Bridgewater estates
Worsley was, originally, the largest manor of the seven ancient manors of the Bridgewater Estates. It was created by William I and held for him by the Barton family in thegnage, and for them by a Norman knight named Elias, who fought in the crusades. On his death in Rhodes, the manor remained with Elias' son, whose family had by that time adopted the name of the village as its family name. On 23 June 1311 a substantial part of the Manor of Hulton was granted to the Worsleys. The family held both manors until the late 14th century, whereon they passed to the Massey family of Tatton, and then in the 16th century to the Brereton family of Malpas, Cheshire. The Brereton family added the Manor of Bedford (a small area of land to the west of Worsley) to the estate. Richard Brereton later married Dorothy Egerton, and upon his death the estates passed into the Egerton family.

In 1617 John Egerton, son of Sir Thomas Egerton, became Earl of Bridgewater. The Egerton family was descended from Sir Richard Egerton of Ridley, Cheshire. His illegitimate son, Thomas Egerton, was a prominent lawyer who served as Master of the Rolls from 1594 to 1603, and Lord Keeper of the Great Seal from 1596 to 1617 and also as Lord High Chancellor of England. John Egerton succeeded to Worsley in 1639, and died in 1649. He was succeeded by the second and third Earls of Bridgewater. The title of Duke of Bridgewater was first given to Scroop Egerton in 1720. He devised a navigation system for Worsley which was not carried out. His son, the third Duke of Bridgewater Francis Egerton, was to build the Bridgewater Canal.

The Duke purchased the Manor of Pemberton (near Wigan) in 1758, the Manor of Hindley in 1765, and the Manor of Cadishead in 1776. Upon his death in 1803 he was succeeded by George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland. In 1833 the estate was inherited by Gower's son, Francis Leveson-Gower who changed his surname to Egerton, and in 1846 became the Earl of Ellesmere. In 1836 he purchased the Manor of Tyldesley. He is recorded as saying that he found Worsley to be "a God-forsaken place, full of drunken, rude people with deplorable morals".

Worsley New Hall, designed by Edward Blore, was built in 1846 for Francis Egerton the First Earl of Ellesmere. The plans are held at the Victoria and Albert Museum. Queen Victoria visited the hall in 1851 and 1857; Edward VII and Queen Alexandra visited when Edward was Prince of Wales in 1869, and on 6 July 1909. The hall was used as a hospital in World War I and in World War II housed Dunkirk evacuees, American soldiers preparing for D-Day and the Lancashire Fusiliers. In 1943 the hall was badly damaged by fire and demolished in 1949.

Industrial Revolution
Coal has been mined around Worsley from as long ago as 1376, originally in bell pits. The coal seams in the area tend to be fairly thin, slanting downwards from north to south, and so deeper mining became necessary during the 17th century.

With the onset of the Industrial Revolution and the growing use of steam power, there was a rapid increase in the demand for coal. The Duke's mines were among those supplying the surrounding districts but transport was both inefficient and expensive, and the mines also suffered from persistent flooding. His solution to these problems was to build a canal from Worsley to Salford, and an underground canal into the mines from Worsley Delph. The canal boats would carry 30 LT at a time, – more than ten times the amount of cargo per horse that was possible with a cart. The Duke and his estate manager obtained an Act of Parliament empowering them to begin construction on a planned route directly to Salford, avoiding the River Irwell.

James Brindley was brought in for his technical expertise and suggested varying the route of the proposed canal away from Salford and across the Irwell into Manchester. A second Act was secured for this variance, which included an aqueduct to cross the Irwell. This was built relatively quickly for the time; work commenced in September 1760 and the first boat crossed on 17 July 1761. The canal opened in 1761 and along with the stone aqueduct at Barton-upon-Irwell, was considered a major engineering achievement. One writer said that when finished, it "will be the most extraordanary thing in the kingdom, if not in Europe. The boats in some places are to go underground, and in other places over a navigable river, without communicating with its waters ..."

Worsley Delph, now a scheduled monument, was the entrance to the Duke's underground mines. Two entrances, built years apart, allowed access to the Starvationer boats, the largest of which could carry 12 LT of coal. The entrances allow access to 46 mi of underground canal on four levels, linked by inclined planes.

The burgeoning village became a hub of commercial activity. The Duke employed craftsmen to service a wide range of industries including boat-making, plastering, blacksmithing and mining. A local quarry supplied limestone, for which a kiln was constructed at the junction of Barton Road (B5211) and Stableford Road. A quarry at the Delph supplied building materials for the region, including the stone used to construct Brindley's aqueduct. To accommodate the workers needed for these industries the Duke built extra housing and cottages. In a diary entry of 1773, Josiah Wedgwood wrote of the area "We next visited Worsley which has the appearance of a considerable Seaport Town. His Grace has built some hundreds of houses, & is every year adding considerably to their number." Worsley Green became a thriving centre of industry.

With the death of the Duke in 1803, his estates were inherited by his nephew, George Leveson-Gower, who later became the Duke of Sutherland. The canal and coal estates were placed under the control of the Bridgewater Trust, and in 1833 the rest of the estates were inherited by the Duke of Sutherland's son, Francis Leveson-Gower who changed his surname to Egerton, and in 1846 became the Earl of Ellesmere. The mines ceased production in 1887, and with the expiration of the Bridgewater Trust in 1903 the village began to change; the Duke's warehouse and the works on what is now Worsley Green were demolished. Worsley Brook was culverted, and a memorial fountain to the Duke was built from the bricks of the works' chimney.

Although much of the industry that dominated Worsley was in decline, in 1937 Sir Montague Maurice Burton opened the Burtonville Clothing Works along the East Lancashire Road. Built in the Art Deco style, in 1938 the factory employed 3,000 people.

Modern history
Under the Housing Act 1919, large overspill estates were built by the council for veterans of the First World War, but a larger change to the area came after the end of the Second World War, when the City of Salford was forced to rehouse many of its inhabitants. With little land left, 4,518 new houses were built in the urban district by the Worsley Project. 18,000 people were rehoused under the scheme, which included new facilities, shops and schools. Another housing estate was built during the 1970s to the north of Worsley Green.

In 1944, during the Second World War, a flying bomb landed on a house near Worsley Dam. An Anti Aircraft Operations Room (AAOR) was built in the 1950s. Although unused the building still exists, in wooded land to the west of the town, on the site of the former Worsley New Hall.

Governance
From the 11th century, Worsley was a township in the Eccles parish of the hundred of Salford, and county of Lancashire. Worsley was originally in Eccles ecclesiastical parish, and also in Barton-upon-Irwell Poor Law Union. The Swinton area of the township was in 1867 included in the Swinton Local Board of Health, which from 1869 became the Swinton and Pendlebury Local Board of Health. In 1892 a small part of the township of Worsley was included in the Borough of Eccles. In 1894, under the Local Government Act 1894, Worsley Urban District was created. A part of the township then within the area of the Swinton and Pendlebury Local Board of Health was formed into Swinton township, becoming part of Swinton and Pendlebury Urban District. In 1907 two small detached parts of Worsley civil parish, then inside Swinton civil parish, were added to Swinton civil parish. A town hall was opened on 22 June 1911. Worsley Urban District gained 21 acre of land from Barton-upon-Irwell Civil Parish in 1921, and in 1933 gained the area of Little Hulton Urban District. Parts were added to Eccles Borough and Irlam Urban District. In 1955 Swinton and Pendlebury Borough gained a small part of Worsley Urban District, and under the Local Government Act 1972, in 1974 Worsley's Urban District status was abolished, becoming part of Salford Metropolitan District.

Following its 2006 review of parliamentary representation in Greater Manchester, the Boundary Commission for England recommended the creation of a modified Worsley constituency, incorporating a part of Eccles. The new constituency is called Worsley and Eccles South. Until the 2010 general election, Worsley was represented in the House of Commons by Barbara Keeley, Labour Party member for the Worsley constituency. After the election, Keeley became the MP for Worsley and Eccles South.

Geography
At 53.5°N, -2.38333°W (53.5000°, −2.3833°), Worsley stands about 206 ft above sea level. Sheltered at the foot of a middle coal measure running approximately northwest and southeast across the area, the village lies along the course of Worsley Brook, which cuts through the ridge. The ridge also forms part of the northern edge of the Irwell Valley. The area is bordered on the north by the East Lancashire Road, and on the south by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway and part of the Bridgewater Canal. The larger towns of Swinton and Eccles lie to the east and southeast respectively, and to the west the area is largely bordered by Chat Moss, open fields, and forest. The M60 and M62 motorways cut directly through the area.

The underlying measures of coal have proved important for the development of the area; it was around Worsley Delph that the settlement first began to grow. Parts of the area are within an indicated floodplain. Worsley's climate is generally temperate, like the rest of Greater Manchester. The mean highest and lowest temperatures (13.2 °C and 6.4 °C) are slightly above the national average, while the annual rainfall (806.6 mm) and average hours of sunshine (1394.5 hours) are respectively above and below the national averages.

Demography
According to the Office for National Statistics, at the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, the ward of Worsley had a population of 9,833, of which 4,801 were male and 5,032 female. It is the fifth least populous ward in Salford, and the third least densely populated. The ward has a higher proportion of married couples with and without children than Salford as a whole. Of those over 16 years old, 1,929 were single (never married) and 4,267 married. Worsley's 4,102 households included 632 married couples without children, 818 with dependent children and 356 with non-dependent children. There were 249 lone-parent households with children. 642 households were occupied by pensioners living alone.

Of those aged 16–74, 1,428 had no academic qualifications, 1,078 had attained a level one qualification, 183 children aged between 16–17 and 242 people aged 18–74 were in full-time education. Worsley ward has the lowest levels of unemployment in Salford, in April 2006 0.9% of the economically active population were unemployment benefit claimants, comparing well to Salford as a whole where the figure is 3.7%. The area is considered to be one of the more affluent parts of Salford.

At 12.6 reported crimes per thousand population, the crime rate in Worsley is lower on average than Salford, which stands at 163.1 per thousand population.

Economy
One of Worsley's early industries was weaving. A cottage industry, cotton would be spun on spinning wheels and hand-operated looms in people's homes to produce cloth. Merchants would then purchase this cloth, selling it at the Bridgewater Hotel, then known as the Old Grapes Inn.

Worsley now has little industry, and is in the main a tourist destination and commuter town. The area has two large hotels; a Novotel and a Marriott. Worsley Old Hall is now a public house and restaurant in the Brunning and Price chain, part of the Restaurant Group.

Landmarks
Worsley Village was in 1969 designated as a conservation area by the former Lancashire County Council. Bisected by the A572 Worsley Road, the area covered about 34.25 acre of land and included 40 listed buildings, such as the Packet House, a telephone kiosk, and the Delph sluice gates, but this list has since increased to 48 listed buildings. Much of the area around the canal and Worsley Delph was restored and landscaped between 1966 and 1967 by the Worsley Civic Trust and the local council, ready for a visit by Elizabeth II on 17 May 1968. As the canal passes through Worsley, iron oxide from the mines has, for many years, stained the water bright orange. The removal of this colouration is the subject of a £2.5 million remedial scheme, which was completed in 2004. This has not been successful and as of 2017 much of the canal centered on the Delph is still bright orange.

Wardley Hall is an early medieval manor house and a Grade I listed building in Wardley. The current hall dates from around 1500 but was extensively rebuilt in the 19th and 20th centuries. Worsley Old Hall is a Grade II listed building near Walkden Road. The Post Medieval building is said to have been moated, but no signs of the moat now remain.

Parts of Worsley are currently being considered as World Heritage Sites. The area includes Worsley Delph (itself a scheduled monument), parts of Worsley Green, and the Bridgewater Canal.

In 2015, the Royal Horticultural Society announced plans for a restoration of the garden at Worsley New Hall, which opened in 2021 as RHS Garden Bridgewater.

Transport
Following an Act of Parliament of 1861, in 1864 the Eccles, Tyldesley and Wigan branch line was opened by the London and North Western Railway, along with a station at Worsley which required the demolition of six cottages. The first sod had been cut by the Earl of Ellesmere. An additional branch line to Bolton was opened in 1870, branching from the Tyldesley Loopline line at Roe Green. A railway station at Monton Green was opened in 1887 to cater mainly for commuters into Manchester. The lines were important thoroughfares for the transport of coal in the area, including Mosley Common Colliery. Both lines were closed under the Beeching Axe in 1969, and have since been partially reclaimed by Salford City Council as recreational pathways.

Early public transport included the Farnworth horse-bus service, with a terminus at the nearby Stocks Hotel in 1885. An electric tram service was founded in 1903 by the South Lancashire Tramways Company.

Education
One of the first Sunday schools to be established in England may have been at Worsley. Built in the 1780s in a cottage close to the present-day courthouse, and founded by Thomas Bury (a colliery manager for the 3rd Duke) children were taught by a Luke Lowe, a cooper also in the Duke's employ. In 1785 a further three Sunday schools were established in the area, and by 1788 over 300 children were attending the four schools. Francis Egerton built a day school in 1838, which later became known as St Mark's School. This was demolished during construction of the M62 motorway, and replaced with a new school on Aviary Road, opened 19 October 1968.

The area of Worsley contains a number of primary schools, including (but not limited to) Christ the King RC Primary School, Hilton Lane Primary School and Mesne Lea Primary School. Secondary schools include Bridgewater School and The Lowry Academy.

Salford College has a campus in nearby Walkden (once within Worsley Urban District). The college's Worsley Campus, the Learning Resource and specialist Media Centre, caters for 16- to 18-year-olds, and provides access to 50 internet workstations, 15,000 books, and resources for e-learning. It also has a suite of hair and beauty salons, a performing arts theatre and a sports hall and fitness suite.

Religious sites
Ellenbrook Chapel, the first church in Worsley was built in 1209 by the Worsley family. Methodism was first practised in the area in 1784, by the notable preacher Matthew Mayer. Later services were held in various locations around the area, and in 1801 a Methodist chapel was built along Barton Road. The foundation stone for St Mark's Church was laid on 14 June 1844 by George Granville Francis Egerton, the son of Francis Egerton. Designed by the architect George Gilbert Scott, the church was consecrated on 2 July 1846 by the Bishop of Chester, John Bird Sumner. The church tower is now home to the mechanism for the Bridgewater Clock from the Bridgewater workshops at Worsley Green. The clock strikes 13 times at 1 pm, originally so that workmen did not miss the end of their dinner break. Many gravestones in the churchyard were cut from rock sourced at Worsley Delph. Following a proposed hotel development in 1981 the area around the church and vicarage was designated a conservation area.

Sports
Worsley Golf Club was founded in 1894 on part of the Earl of Ellesmere's estate at Broadoak Park. The area has a clay pigeon shooting club, west of the M60. A racecourse development proposed on land near Boothstown was the subject of a public inquiry and rejected by the local council after a sustained campaign by local councillors.

Public services
Home Office policing in Worsley is provided by the Greater Manchester Police. The nearest police station is at Little Hulton Or Swinton Public transport is co-ordinated by Transport for Greater Manchester. Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service.

Notable people
Notable people from Worsley include the actress Helen Cherry, and television commentator Kenneth Wolstenholme. Statistician Harry Campion, who played a leading role in the development of official statistics after the Second World War, was born in Kearsley in May 1905 and brought up in Worsley. Arthur Thomas Doodson was a mathematician and oceanographer born in Boothstown in March 1890. Footballer Ryan Giggs caused controversy in the mid-2000s when he bought a Victorian mansion on the outskirts of the village and demolished it to build a new house. The house was put on the market in 2019 with an asking price of £3.5m. Giggs' former team-mate David Beckham also owned a property in Worsley until 2014.

title: Worsley


text:
What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art & Commerce

What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art & Commerce is a compilation album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls. It was released in 2001 by Warner Bros. Records and is a compilation of Goo Goo Dolls songs released from 1987–2000.

Tracks 1–4 are from the album Dizzy Up the Girl. Tracks 5–9 are from the album A Boy Named Goo. Tracks 10–16 are from the album Superstar Car Wash. Tracks 17–20 are from the album Hold Me Up. Track 21 is from the album Jed. Track 22 is from the album Goo Goo Dolls. Multiple songs, such as "Acoustic #3" and "All Eyes On Me", have an extended musical interlude. "Two Days In February" was re-recorded by Rzeznik, a studio version of the original, which was recorded outside. "Naked" is an extended version of the original, which was on A Boy Named Goo, and is similar to the version released as a single. All songs are remixed and remastered.

The album is not a typical best-of compilation, as most of the band's biggest hits (such as "Iris" and "Name") are absent. Instead, the selection is a combination of non-singles and songs that were released as singles prior to the Goo Goo Dolls' 1995 breakout, as well as fan favorites and a few of their less successful singles.


text:
User talk:TPermyakoff

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
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Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 19:37, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

p.s.
Its best not to make personal attacks, especially ones that could be seen to be broadly offensive, in this case to fascists and homosexuals. You might like to review The Pink Swastika. Sam [Spade] 19:44, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:TPermyakoff


text: Template:Amphoe Pathum Thani

title: Template:Amphoe Pathum Thani


text:
User talk:Mbroooks

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Good luck!

Notification: changes to "Mark my edits as minor by default" preference
Hello there. This is an automated message to tell you about the gradual phasing out of the preference entitled "Mark all edits minor by default", which you currently have (or very recently had) enabled.

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Thank you for your understanding and happy editing :) Editing on behalf of User:Jarry1250, LivingBot (talk) 21:55, 14 March 2011 (UTC)

Nomination of Renée French for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Renée French is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Renée French until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Msnicki (talk) 02:08, 26 October 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:50, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mbroooks


text:
User talk:Rcmurphy

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Copyright abuses
Hello, this message is in response to the deletion of material on this wikipage. Tens of thousands of images have been deleted by a small handful of wikipedians.

Would you be interested in joining a group on wikipedia which counters the heavy handed tactics of the copyright police. I can't fight them on my own. User talk:Ed g2s has began deleting fair use image on every person's user page and on several other pages, inspired by WP:FUC which was written by another paternal copyright policeman with absolutly no legal training and little understanding of copyright law.

I stared this page, with this purpose: User:Travb/Misguided and heavy handed tactics of some admins regarding copyright

Please tell others about this project. The paternal copyright police are well organized and are intoxicated with their own limited power here on wikipedia. Only a large number of wikipedians will stop this abuse. Travb 13:47, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

UE logo
Being licensed under the CC-BY-NC license, the only way the image can be used on Wikipedia is under fair use, which only allows it on the article about UE. We can't make exceptions to this policy. If the image were relicensed by yourself under a license acceptable to Wikipedia, then that would change this situation, but giving specific permission is not enough. ed g2s • talk 16:03, 17 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Note also your image could be considered a derivative work, and therefore an inringement of Wikimedia's copyright. ed g2s • talk 16:06, 17 May 2006 (UTC)
 * It is clearly parody, so there's no grounds to worry about that. +sj + 14:53, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

Yes, images must be free to use for any use, including commercial works, and must be free to make derivative works. ed g2s • talk 16:29, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay, I'm coming in kind of late here, but Rcmurphy created that image, so I believe he can use it for whatever he wants. tmopkisn tlka 18:13, 29 June 2006 (UTC)

No picture for you!
The terror of the paternal copyright police

User:ed_g2s continues to delete your awesome image from my talk page. Please tell him to go play paternal guardian of wikipedia to someone else. His I am "only doing what's best for wikipedia" routine is getting stale, when the underlying reason is he intoxicated and blinded with the little power that wikipedia has given him.Travb 14:22, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

UE Logo II
Hello. I just wonder if you would consider relicensing the Image:Uncyclopedia_logo.png, I uploaded to WP some time ago, under an WP compatible license? Because I was thinking about using it in a template or on my user page. (Currently it's licensed as fair use) -- h a v a r h e n   | Talk 23:35, 30 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Please see here for my response to an earlier post. Sorry it's taken me so long to respond, I don't check in to WP that often. Good to hear from a fellow Uncyclopedian though. Rcmurphy 03:48, 4 July 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:GODS AND KINGS paperback cover (9780143128397).jpg
Thanks for uploading File:GODS AND KINGS paperback cover (9780143128397).jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in section F5 of the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 17:18, 19 August 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rcmurphy


text:
Barbara Broccoli

Barbara Dana Broccoli (born June 18, 1960 ) is a British-American film and stage producer, best known internationally for her work on the James Bond film series. With her half-brother Michael G. Wilson, Broccoli controls the James Bond film franchise.

Early life and education
Broccoli was born in Los Angeles, the daughter of the James Bond producer Albert R. "Cubby" Broccoli and actress Dana Wilson Broccoli (born Dana Natol). She was raised in London and attended Lady Eden's school in Kensington.

Broccoli graduated from Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, where she studied motion picture and television communications.

Career
In 1995, her father Cubby Broccoli handed over control of Eon Productions, the production company responsible for the James Bond series of films, to Barbara and her half-brother Michael G. Wilson; they continue to run the company as of 2024.

She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours and Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to film, drama, philanthropy and skills.

She and Wilson received the David O. Selznick Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion Pictures in 2013.

In 2014, she was selected as a member of the jury for the 64th Berlin International Film Festival.

Broccoli became President of the National Youth Theatre after the success of their 60th Anniversary Diamond Gala at Shaftesbury Theatre in 2016.

James Bond series
Broccoli started working in the Bond series at the age of 17, working in the publicity department of The Spy Who Loved Me (1977). Several years later, she served as an assistant director on Octopussy (1983). Soon afterward, she progressed to become an associate producer of the film The Living Daylights (1987).

Her most significant role has been as a producer of the Bond films starring Pierce Brosnan and later Daniel Craig, in addition to the post-Craig era.

Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
Following her father's death in 1996, Broccoli worked with London theatre producer Michael Rose, to create the stage musical version of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang based on the 1968 musical film starring Dick Van Dyke and Sally Ann Howes. Broccoli rehired the original songwriters from the film to write the new material for the stage version. The Sherman Brothers wrote five new songs for the show which debuted on April 16, 2002. The show ran at the London Palladium, and was the longest-running and most financially successful show to have ever played there.

Chitty Chitty Bang Bang later transferred to Broadway, but was considered a failure, receiving poor reviews and playing just 319 performances, closing with the loss of a large proportion of the initial $15 million investment. The musical has toured extensively in the UK and in Asia, with a revised version of the show touring the United States in 2008.

Chariots of Fire
In 2012, during the festivities surrounding the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Broccoli co-produced Chariots of Fire, the London stage adaptation of the 1981 film of the same title. Broccoli's involvement with Chariots of Fire extended back to 1980, when she introduced her friend Dodi Fayed to the screenplay; he later co-financed the film and became its executive producer. She co-produced the play along with Hugh Hudson, who directed the 1981 Oscar-winning film.

Other stage play productions

 * La Cava (2000)
 * A Steady Rain (2007)
 * Catwalk Confidential (2009)
 * Once (2011)
 * Strangers on a Train (2013)
 * Love Letters (2014)
 * Othello (2016)
 * The Kid Stays in the Picture (2017)
 * The Country Girls (2017)

Assistant director

 * Octopussy (1983)
 * A View to a Kill (1985)

Associate producer

 * The Living Daylights (1987)
 * Licence to Kill (1989)

Producer

 * GoldenEye (1995)
 * Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)
 * The World Is Not Enough (1999)
 * Die Another Day (2002)
 * Casino Royale (2006)
 * Quantum of Solace (2008)
 * Skyfall (2012)
 * Spectre (2015)
 * Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool (2017)
 * Nancy (2018)
 * The Rhythm Section  (2020)
 * No Time to Die (2021)
 * Stranger Things (2022)
 * Till (2022)

Personal life
Broccoli married director and film producer Frederick M. Zollo in 1991, and they had one child. They later divorced.

title: Barbara Broccoli


text:
Battle of Ushant

Battle of Ushant may refer to:
 * Battle of Ushant (1778), fought 100 mi west of Ushant, a large but inconclusive engagement in the American Revolutionary War
 * Action of 6 October 1779, a minor but famous and furious naval engagement (naval battle at Ushant, 1779) of the American Revolutionary War between the British HMS Quebec (1760) and the FRENCH FRIGATE Surveillante.
 * Action of 10 August 1780, a minor naval engagement that took place during the American Revolutionary War between a Royal Navy frigate and a French Navy frigate. This was the first engagement thought to involve the use of the carronade.
 * Battle of Ushant (1781), a convoy battle, also during the American Revolutionary War
 * Battle of Ushant (1782), called the "Third Battle of Ushant" or the "Action of 20–21 April 1782", the third battle that occurred in this region during the course of the American Revolutionary War.
 * Glorious First of June, 1794, also called the "Fourth Battle of Ushant", fought 400 mi west of Ushant during the French Revolutionary Wars
 * Battle of Ushant (1944), a battle among the British, Canadian and Polish destroyers of the 10th Flotilla and the German destroyers of the 8th Narvik Flotilla, won by the Allies

title: Battle of Ushant


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Category:Dystopian films

For definitions of dystopian please see the article dystopia. A typical dystopian film is one which is often, but not always, set in the future, in a society where the government is corrupt and/or ineffectual. The world within the film often has nightmare-like qualities, though it also usually includes elements of contemporary society. Often, dystopian films function as radical political commentary and as a warning against some element of contemporary society.

title: Category:Dystopian films


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2014 Winter Olympics

The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games (XXII Олимпийские зимние игры) and commonly known as Sochi 2014 (Сочи 2014), were an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi, Russia. Opening rounds in certain events were held on 6 February 2014, the day before the opening ceremony.

These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidency of Thomas Bach. Both the Olympics and Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City. It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.

A record ninety-eight events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games. A number of new competitions—a total of twelve accounting for gender—were held during the Games, including biathlon mixed relay, women's ski jumping, mixed-team figure skating, mixed-team luge, half-pipe skiing, ski and snowboard slopestyle, and snowboard parallel slalom. The events were held around two clusters of new venues: an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi's Imeretinsky Valley on the coast of the Black Sea, with Fisht Olympic Stadium, and the Games' indoor venues located within walking distance; and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana.

The 2014 Winter Olympics were the most expensive Games in the history of the Olympics. While originally budgeted at US$12 billion, major cost overruns caused this figure to expand to US$51 billion, more than three times the cost of the 2012 London Olympics and even surpassing the estimated cost of US$44 billion for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The 2014 Games achieved a record broadcast audience of 2.1 billion people worldwide.

In 2016, an independent report commissioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency confirmed allegations that the Russian Olympic team had been involved in a state-sponsored doping program, active from at least late-2011 through August 2015. The program was active during the Winter Olympics in Sochi, and athletes had benefited from the cover-up. The IOC stripped thirteen medals from Russian athletes in 2017, but nine were reinstated by the Court of Arbitration for Sport. In December 2017, the IOC voted to suspend the Russian Olympic Committee, with an option for whitelisted athletes to compete independently during the 2018 Winter Olympics.

Bidding process
Sochi was elected on 4 July 2007 during the 119th International Olympic Committee (IOC) session held in Guatemala City, Guatemala, defeating bids from Salzburg, Austria; and Pyeongchang, South Korea. This is the first time that the Russian Federation has hosted the Winter Olympics. The Soviet Union was the host of the 1980 Summer Olympics held in and around Moscow.

Cost and financing
As of October 2013, the estimated combined cost of the 2014 Winter Olympics had topped US$51 billion. This amount included the cost for Olympic games themselves and cost of Sochi infrastructural projects (roads, railroads, power plants). This total is over four times the initial budget of $12 billion (compared to the $8 billion spent for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver), and made the Sochi games the most expensive Olympics in history, exceeding the estimated $44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, which hosted 3 times as many events. Dmitry Kozak was the main overseer for the events in Sochi.

In its final budget published in June 2014, Olimpstroy—the state corporation that oversaw the Sochi Olympics development—reported the total allocated funds for the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics of 1,524 billion rubles (US$49.5 billion). However, only about a fifth of that budget ($10.8 billion) was directly related to the Olympic games, while the rest went into urban and regional regeneration and the conversion of the Sochi region into an all-year round sea and alpine resort. The breakdown table below is based on a report that has analyzed the distribution of Olimpstroy's $49.5 billion budget. Estimates also suggest that additional unrecoverable operational costs (including for security) could have added another $3 billion.

Venues
With an average February temperature of 8.3 C and a humid subtropical climate, Sochi is the warmest city to host a Winter Olympic Games. Sochi 2014 is the 12th straight Olympics to outlaw smoking; all Sochi venues, Olympic Park bars and restaurants and public areas were smoke-free during the Games. It is also the first time that an Olympic Park has been built for hosting winter games.

Sochi Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster)
The Sochi Olympic Park was built by the Black Sea coast in the Imeretinsky Valley, about 4 km (2.5 miles) from Russia's border with Abkhazia/Georgia. The venues were clustered around a central water basin on which the Medals Plaza is built, allowing all indoor venues to be within walking distance. It also features "The Waters of the Olympic Park" (designed by California-based company WET), a choreographed fountain which served as the backdrop in the medals awards and the opening and closing ceremonies of the event. The new venues include:
 * Fisht Olympic Stadium – ceremonies (opening/closing) 40,000 spectators
 * Bolshoy Ice Dome – ice hockey (final), 12,000 spectators
 * Shayba Arena – ice hockey, 7,000 spectators
 * Adler Arena Skating Center – speed skating, 8,000 spectators
 * Iceberg Skating Palace – figure skating, short track speed skating, 12,000 spectators
 * Ice Cube Curling Center – curling, 3,000 spectators
 * Main Olympic village
 * International broadcasting centre and main press room

Krasnaya Polyana (Mountain Cluster)

 * Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex – biathlon, cross-country skiing
 * Rosa Khutor Extreme Park – freestyle skiing and snowboarding
 * Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort – alpine skiing
 * Sliding Center Sanki – bobsleigh, luge and skeleton
 * RusSki Gorki Jumping Center – ski jumping and Nordic combined (both ski jumping and cross-country skiing on a 2 km route around the arena)
 * Roza Khutor plateau Olympic Village

Post-Olympic usage
A street circuit known as the Sochi Autodrom was constructed in and around Olympic Park. Its primary use is to host the Formula One Russian Grand Prix, which held its inaugural edition in October 2014.

In January 2015, work began on adapting Fisht Olympic Stadium into an open-air football stadium to host matches during the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

A new ice hockey team in the Kontinental Hockey League, HC Sochi Leopards, now plays in Bolshoy Arena.

Construction
The Olympic infrastructure was constructed according to a Federal Target Program (FTP). In June 2009, the Games' organizers reported they were one year ahead in building the main Olympic facilities as compared to recent Olympic Games. In November 2011, IOC President Jacques Rogge was in Sochi and concluded that the city had made significant progress since he last visited eighteen months earlier.

Telecommunications
According to the FTP, US$580 million would be spent on construction and modernization of telecommunications in the region. Avaya was named by the Sochi Organizing Committee as the official supplier of telecommunications equipment. Avaya provided the data network equipment, including switches, routers, security, telephones and contact-center systems. It provided engineers and technicians to design and test the systems, and worked with other technology partners to provide athletes, dignitaries and fans information about the Games.

The 2014 Olympics is the first "fabric-enabled" Games using Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) technology. The network is capable of handling up to 54 Tbit/s of traffic.

Infrastructure built for the games included:
 * A network of TETRA mobile radio communications for 100 user groups (with capacity of 10,000 subscribers);
 * 712 km of fiber-optic cables along the Anapa-Dzhubga-Sochi highways and Dzhubga–Krasnodar branch;
 * Digital broadcasting infrastructure, including radio and television broadcasting stations (building and communications towers) with coverage from Grushevaya Polyana (Pear Glade) to Sochi and Anapa cities. The project also included construction of infocommunications centre for broadcasting abroad via three HDTV satellites.

During the Games, the core networks of Rostelecom and Transtelekom were used.

In January 2012, the newest equipment for the television coverage of the Games arrived in the port of Adler. Prepared specifically for the Games, a team of regional specialists and the latest technology provide a qualitatively new level of television production in the region.

The fiber-optic channel links Sochi between Adler and Krasnaya Polyana. The 46 km channel enables videoconferencing and news reporting from the Olympics.

In November 2013, it was reported that the fiber-optic cable that was built by the Federal Communications Agency, Rossvyaz, had no operator. With Rostelecom and Megafon both refusing to operate it, the line was transferred to the ownership of the state enterprise Center for Monitoring & Development of Infocommunication Technologies (Центр МИР ИТ).

Russian mobile phone operator Megafon expanded and improved Sochi's telecom infrastructure with over 700 new 2G/3G/4G cell towers. Sochi was the first Games to offer 4G connectivity at a speed of 10 MB/sec.

In January 2014, Rostelecom reported that it had connected the Olympic media center in Sochi to the Internet and organized channels of communication with the main media center of the Olympic Games in the coastal cluster and press center in Moscow. The media center was built at total cost of 17 million rubles.

Power infrastructure

A five-year strategy for increasing the power supply of the Sochi region was presented by Russian energy experts during a seminar on 29 May 2009, held by the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee, and attended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) experts and officials from the Russian Ministry of Regional Development, the Russian Ministry of Energy, the State Corporation Olimpstroy and the Krasnodar Krai administration.

According to the strategy, the capacity of the regional energy network would increase by two and a half times by 2014, guaranteeing a stable power supply during and after the Games.

The power demand of Sochi at the end of May 2009 was 424 MW. The power demand of the Olympic infrastructure was expected to be about 340 MW.
 * Poselkovaya electrical substation became operational in early 2009.
 * Sochi thermal power station reconstructed (expected power output was 160 MW)
 * Laura and Rosa Khutor electrical substations were completed in November 2010
 * Mzymta electrical substation was completed in March 2011
 * Krasnopolyanskaya hydroelectric power station was completed in 2010
 * Adler CHP station design and construction was completed in 2012. Expected power output was 360 MW
 * Bytkha substation, under construction with two transformers 25 MW each, includes dependable microprocessor-based protection

Earlier plans also include building combined cycle (steam and gas) power stations near the cities of Tuapse and Novorossiysk and construction of a cable-wire powerline, partially on the floor of the Black Sea.

Transportation
The transport infrastructure prepared to support the Olympics includes many roads, tunnels, bridges, interchanges, railroads and stations in and around Sochi. Among others, 8 flyovers, 102 bridges, tens of tunnels and a bypass route for heavy trucks – 367 km of roads were paved.

The Sochi Light Metro is located between Adler and Krasnaya Polyana connecting the Olympic Park, Sochi International Airport, and the venues in Krasnaya Polyana.

The existing 102 km, Tuapse-to-Adler railroad was renovated to provide double track throughout, increasing capacity and enabling a reliable regional service to be provided and extending to the airport. In December 2009, Russian Railways ordered 38 Siemens Mobility Desiro trains for delivery in 2013 for use during the Olympics, with an option for a further 16 partly built in Russia.

At Sochi International Airport, a new terminal was built along a 3.5 km runway extension, overlapping the Mzymta River.

At the Port of Sochi, a new offshore terminal 1.5 km from the shore allows docking for cruise ships with capacities of 3,000 passengers. The cargo terminal of the seaport would be moved from the centre of Sochi.

Roadways were detoured, some going around the construction site and others being cut off.

In May 2009, Russian Railways started the construction of tunnel complex No. 1 (the final total is six) on the combined road (automobile and railway) from Adler to Alpica Service Mountain Resort in the Krasnaya Polyana region. The tunnel complex No. 1 is located near Akhshtyr in Adlersky City District, and includes:
 * Escape tunnel, 2.25 km, completed in 2010
 * Road tunnel, 2153 m, completed in 2013
 * One-track railway tunnel, 2473 m, completed in 2013

Russian Railways president Vladimir Yakunin stated the road construction costed more than 200 billion rubles.

In addition, Sochi's railway stations were renovated. These are Dagomys, Sochi, Matsesta, Khosta, Lazarevskaya, and Loo railway stations. In Adler, a new railway station was built while the original building was preserved, and in the Olympic park cluster, a new station was built from scratch, the Olympic Park railway station. Another new railway station was built in Estosadok, close to Krasnaya Polyana.

Other infrastructure
Funds were spent on the construction of hotels for 10,300 guests. The first of the Olympic hotels, Zvezdny (Stellar), was rebuilt anew. Significant funds were spent on the construction of an advanced sewage treatment system in Sochi, designed by Olimpstroy. The system meets BREF standards and employs top available technologies for environment protection, including tertiary treatment with microfiltration.

Six post offices were opened at competition venues, two of them in the main media centre in Olympic Park and in the mountain village of Estosadok. In addition to standard services, customers had access to unique services including two new products, Fotomarka and Retropismo. Fotomarka presents an opportunity to get a stylised sheet of eight souvenir stamps with one's own photos, using the services of a photographer in the office. Retropismo service allows a customer to write with their own stylus or pen on antique paper with further letters, winding string and wax seal affixing. All the new sites and post offices in Sochi were opened during the Olympics until late night 7 days a week, and employees were trained to speak English.

Torch relay

On 29 September 2013, the Olympic torch was lit in Ancient Olympia, beginning a seven-day journey across Greece and on to Russia, then the torch relay started at Moscow on 7 October 2013 before passing 83 Russian cities and arriving at Sochi on the day of the opening ceremony, 7 February 2014. It is the longest torch relay in Olympic history, a 60,000 km route that passes through all regions of the country, from Kaliningrad in the west to Chukotka in the east.

The Olympic torch reached the North Pole for first time via a nuclear-powered icebreaker (50 Let Pobedy). The torch was also passed for the first time in space, though not lit for the duration of the flight for safety reasons, on flight Soyuz TMA-11M to the International Space Station (ISS). The spacecraft itself was adorned with Olympic-themed livery including the Games' emblem. Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kotov and Sergey Ryazansky waved the torch on a spacewalk outside the ISS. The torch returned to Earth five days later on board Soyuz TMA-09M. The torch also reached Europe's highest mountain, Mount Elbrus, and Siberia's Lake Baikal.

Opening ceremony

The opening ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held on 7 February 2014 at Fisht Olympic Stadium, an indoor arena built specifically for the ceremonies. The ceremony featured scenes based around aspects of Russian history and arts, including ballet, classical music, the Russian Revolution, and the age of the Soviet Union. The opening scene of the ceremony featured a notable technical error, where one of five snowflakes, which were to expand to form the Olympic rings, malfunctioned and did not expand (a mishap mocked by the organizers at the closing ceremony where one of the roundrelay dance groups symbolizing the Olympic rings "failed" to expand). The torch was taken into the stadium by Maria Sharapova, who then passed it to Yelena Isinbayeva who, in turn, passed it to wrestler Aleksandr Karelin. Karelin then passed the torch to gymnast Alina Kabaeva. Figure skater Irina Rodnina took the torch and was met by former ice hockey goalkeeper Vladislav Tretiak, who exited the stadium to jointly light the Olympic cauldron located near the center of Olympic Park.

Participating National Olympic Committees
A record 88 nations qualified to compete, which beat the previous record of 82 set at the previous Winter Olympics in Vancouver. The number of athletes who qualified per country is listed in the table below (number of athletes shown in parentheses). Seven nations made their Winter Olympics debut: Dominica, Malta, Paraguay, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, and Zimbabwe. The Winter debut of Malta meant that for the first time ever, all of the current members of the European Olympic Committees participated at the Winter Olympics.

Kristina Krone qualified to compete in her second consecutive games for Puerto Rico, but the island's Olympic Committee once again chose not to send her to compete. Similarly, South Africa decided not to send alpine skier Sive Speelman to Sochi. Algeria also did not enter its only qualified athlete, Mehdi-Selim Khelifi.

India's athletes originally competed as Independent Olympic Participants and marched under the Olympic flag during the opening ceremony, as India was originally suspended in December 2012 over the election process of the Indian Olympic Association. On 11 February, the Indian Olympic Association was reinstated and India's athletes were allowed the option to compete under their own flag from that time onward. Although Shiva Keshavan competed as an Independent athlete and is recorded as such, he was permitted to walk under the flag of India at the Closing Ceremony.

[[File:2014 Winter olympics team numbers.svg|thumb|center|upright=2.75|Number of participating athletes by country

National houses
During the Games some countries had a national house, a meeting place for supporters, athletes and other followers. Houses could be either free for visitors to access or have limited access by invitation only.

Sports
The 2014 Winter Olympics featured 98 events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports. A total of twelve new events were contested, making it the largest Winter Olympics to date.

 * 1) Biathlon
 * 2) Bobsleigh
 * 3) Curling
 * 4) Ice hockey
 * 5) Luge
 * 6) Skating
 * 7) Skiing
 * 1) Ice hockey
 * 2) Luge
 * 3) Skating
 * 4) Skiing
 * 1) Skating
 * 2) Skiing
 * 1) Skiing
 * 1) Skiing
 * 1) Skiing

Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each separate discipline.

New events
On 6 April 2011, the IOC accepted a number of events that were submitted by their respective sports federations to be considered for inclusion into the official program of these Olympic Games. The events included a Figure skating team event, Women's ski jumping, Mixed relay biathlon, Ski half-pipe, and Team relay luge.

On 4 July 2011, the IOC announced that three events would be added to the program. These events, which were officially declared by Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge on 4 July 2011, were: Ski slopestyle, Snowboard slopestyle, Snowboard parallel special slalom.

Team alpine skiing was also presented as a candidate for inclusion in the Olympic program but the Executive board of the IOC rejected this proposal. The International Ski Federation persisted with the nomination and this was considered. There were reports of bandy possibly being added to the sports program,  but the IOC rejected this request. Subsequently, the international governing body, Federation of International Bandy, decided that Irkutsk and Shelekhov in Russia would host the 2014 Bandy World Championship just before the Olympics.

On 28 November 2006, the Executive Board of the IOC decided not to include ski mountaineering, ski-orienteering, or winter triathlon in the review process of the program.

Closing ceremony
The closing ceremony was held on 23 February 2014 between 20:14 MSK (UTC+4) and 22:25 MSK (UTC+4) at the Fisht Olympic Stadium in Sochi. The ceremony was dedicated to Russian culture featuring world-renowned Russian stars like conductor and violinist Yuri Bashmet, conductor Valery Gergiev, pianist Denis Matsuev, singer Hibla Gerzmava and violinist Tatiana Samouil. These artists were joined by performers from the Bolshoi and Mariinsky theaters.

Medals

Sochi's medal design was unveiled in May 2013. The design is intended to resemble Sochi's landscape, with a semi-translucent section containing a "patchwork quilt" of diamonds representing mountains; the diamonds themselves contain designs that reflect Russia's regions. Those who won gold medals on 15 February received special medals with fragments of the Chelyabinsk meteor, marking the one-year anniversary of the event where pieces of the cosmic body fell into the Chebarkul Lake in the Ural Mountains in central Russia.

Medal table
The top ten listed NOCs by number of gold medals are listed below. The host nation, Russia, is highlighted.

Podium sweeps
Legkov and Vylegzhanin were initially disqualified by the IOC for doping offenses in November 2017, and their 2014 Olympic medals were stripped (gold and silver respectively). However, their results were restored on 1 February 2018 following a successful appeal.

Measures
Security during both the Olympics and Paralympics were handled by over 40,000 law enforcement officials, including police and the Russian Armed Forces. A presidential decree signed by President Vladimir Putin took effect on 7 January, requiring that any protests and demonstrations in Sochi and the surrounding area through 21 March (the end of the Paralympics) be approved by the Federal Security Service. For the duration of the decree, travel restrictions were also in effect in and around Sochi: "controlled" zones, dubbed the "ring of steel" by the media, covered the Coastal and Mountain clusters which encompass all of the Games' venues and infrastructure, including transport hubs such as railway stations. To enter controlled areas, visitors were required to pass through security checkpoints with X-ray machines, metal detectors and explosive material scanners. Several areas were designated as "forbidden", including Sochi National Park and the border with Abkhazia. An unmanned aerial vehicle squadron, along with S-400 and Pantsir-S1 air defense rockets were used to protect Olympic airspace. Four gunboats were also deployed on the Black Sea to protect the coastline.

A number of security organizations and forces began stationing in and around Sochi in January 2014; Russia's Ministry of Emergency Situations (EMERCOM) was stationed in Sochi for the Games beginning on 7 January 2014. A group of 10,000 Internal Troops of the Ministry of Interior also provided security services during the Games. In mid-January, 1,500 Siberian Regional Command troops were stationed in a military town near Krasnaya Polyana. A group of 400 Cossacks in traditional uniforms were also present to accompany police patrols. The 58th Army unit of the Russian Armed Forces were defending the Georgia–Russia border. The United States also supplied Navy ships and other assets for security purposes.

All communication and Internet traffic by Sochi residents was captured and filtered through deep packet inspection systems at all mobile networks using the SORM system.

Former professional speed skater and current deputy of the Russian State Duma Svetlana Zhurova has stated that the 2014 Sochi Olympics were Vladimir Putin's personal project to showcase Russia to the world.

Incidents and threats
Organizers received several threats prior to the Games. In a July 2013 video release, Chechen Islamist commander Dokka Umarov called for attacks on the Games, stating that the Games were being staged "on the bones of many, many Muslims killed ... and buried on our lands extending to the Red Sea".

Threats were received from the group Vilayat Dagestan, which had claimed responsibility for the Volgograd bombings under the demands of Umarov, and a number of National Olympic Committees had also received threats via e-mail, threatening that terrorists would kidnap or "blow up" athletes during the Games. However, while the IOC did state that the letters "[contained] no threat and appears to be a random message from a member of the public", the U.S. ski and snowboarding teams hired a private security agency to provide additional protection during the Games.

Broadcasting rights
In most regions, broadcast rights to the 2014 Winter Olympics were packaged together with broadcast rights for the 2016 Summer Olympics, but some broadcasters obtained rights to further games as well. Domestic broadcast rights were sold by Sportfive to a consortium of three Russian broadcasters: Channel One, VGTRK, and NTV Plus.

In the United States, the 2014 Winter Olympics were the first in a new, US$4.38 billion contract with NBCUniversal, extending its broadcast rights to the Olympic Games through 2020.

In Canada, after losing the 2010 and 2012 Games to Bell Media and Rogers Media, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation re-gained broadcast rights to the Olympics for the first time since 2008, gaining rights to the 2014 and 2016 Games. Bell and Rogers sub-licensed pay-TV rights for their TSN, Sportsnet and Réseau des sports networks, as well as TVA Group's TVA Sports.

In Australia, after all three major commercial networks pulled out of bidding on rights to both the 2014 and 2016 Games due to cost concerns, the IOC awarded broadcast rights to just the 2014 Winter Olympics to Network Ten for A$20 million.

Filming
Several broadcasters used the Games to trial the emerging ultra high definition television (UHDTV) standard. Both NTV Plus and Comcast filmed portions of the Games in 4K resolution; Comcast offered its content through smart TV apps, while NTV+ held public and cinema viewings of the content. NHK filmed portions of the Games in 8K resolution for public viewing. Olympic sponsor Panasonic filmed the opening ceremony in 4K.

Concerns and controversies
A variety of concerns over the Games, or Russia's hosting of the Games, had been expressed by various entities. Concerns were shown over Russia's policies surrounding the LGBT community, including the government's denial of a proposed Pride House for the Games on moral grounds, and a federal law passed in June 2013 which criminalized the distribution of "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships" among minors. Severe cost overruns made the 2014 Winter Olympics the most expensive Olympics in history, with Russian politician Boris Nemtsov citing allegations of corruption among government officials, and Allison Stewart of the Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford citing tight relationships between the government and construction firms. It was reported that Putin's annexation of Crimea may have been intended to distract local Russians from corruption stories related to the Games.

U.S. broadcaster NBC largely avoided broadcasting material critical of Russia, although several segments deemed "overly friendly to Russia" were criticized by some commentators.

Following the closing ceremony, commentators evaluated the Games to have been successful overall.

Circassian genocide
Some Circassian organizations objected to the Games being held on land their ancestors held until 1864, when most of them were displaced at the end of the Russian-Circassian War (1763–1864), in the Circassian genocide. The use of Krasnaya Polyana ("Red Hill" or "Red Glade") as an event site was considered insensitive, as it was named for a group of Circassians who were defeated in a bloody battle with Russians while attempting to return home over it in 1864. Some Circassian groups demanded that the Games be cancelled or moved unless Russia apologized for their actions. Other groups did not outright object to the Games, but suggested that symbols of Circassian history and culture be incorporated into the Games, as Australia, the United States and Canada did for their indigenous cultures in 2000, 2002, and 2010 respectively.

Russian doping scandal
Following the Games, reports began to emerge that the Russian Olympic team had participated in a state-run doping program, which supplied their athletes with performance-enhancing drugs. These allegations first emerged in a December 2014 documentary by German public broadcaster ARD, and were detailed further in a May 2016 report by The New York Times—which published allegations by Dr. Grigory Rodchenkov, the former director of Russia's anti-doping laboratory. Rodchenkov alleged that a conspiracy of corrupt anti-doping officials, FSB intelligence agents, and compliant Russian athletes used banned substances to gain an unfair advantage during the Games. Rodchenkov stated that the FSB tampered with over 100 urine samples as part of a cover-up, and that at least fifteen of the Russian medals won in Sochi were the result of doping.

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) commissioned an independent report by Richard McLaren, which corroborated claims that Russian authorities had been discreetly swapping out urine samples that tested positive for performance-enhancing substances. The report concluded that the program had been operating from "at least late 2011 to August 2015", and had covered up 643 positive samples across Olympic and non-Olympic sports. As a result, WADA considered the Russian Anti-Doping Agency to be non-compliant with the World Anti-Doping Code, and recommended that Russia be banned from competing in the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Russia was not banned from the 2016 Olympics by the IOC, a decision that was widely criticized by both athletes  and writers;   the IOC only required Russia's athletes to be cleared by an internal panel and their respective sports federations. The IAAF had suspended Russia from international track and field events due to the scandal, but did allow Darya Klishina to participate in the Olympics because she was confirmed not to be a part of a doping program, despite claims that surfaced in her appeal that a sample of Klishina's that had been collected on 26 February 2014 had yielded an illegal testosterone/epitestosterone ratio of 8.5 had been subject to a "SAVE" order by the Ministry of Sport on 3 March 2014. The International Paralympic Committee suspended the Russian Paralympic Committee and banned the team from the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

On 5 December 2017, the IOC voted to suspend the Russian Olympic Committee, thus banning it from sending athletes under the Russian flag to the 2018 Winter Olympics. Cleared Russian athletes were allowed to participate as "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR). Two of them – curler Alexander Krushelnitskiy, who won a bronze medal, and bobsledder Nadezhda Sergeeva – failed drug tests during the Games.

The IOC's Oswald Commission disqualified and banned 43 Russian athletes, and stripped thirteen medals they earned in Sochi. In December 2017, 42 of the 43 punished athletes appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). On 1 February 2018, the CAS found that the IOC provided insufficient evidence and cleared 28 athletes from IOC sanctions. In total, Russian athletes won back 9 of the 13 medals collected. For 11 other athletes, the CAS decided that there was sufficient evidence to uphold their Sochi sanctions, but reduced their lifetime bans to only the 2018 Winter Olympics. The IOC said in a statement that "the result of the CAS decision does not mean that athletes from the group of 28 will be invited to the [2018 Winter Olympic] Games. Not being sanctioned does not automatically confer the privilege of an invitation" and that "this [case] may have a serious impact on the future fight against doping". The IOC found it important to note that the CAS Secretary General "insisted that the CAS decision does not mean that these 28 athletes are innocent” and that they would consider an appeal against the court's decision. Later that month, the Russian Olympic Committee was reinstated by the IOC, despite failed doping tests during the 2018 Olympics, and the Russian Anti-Doping Agency was re-certified in September, despite the Russian officials not accepting the McLaren report.

Subsequent events
Just 4 days after the closing of the Games, Russian troops entered Ukrainian Crimea and started the formal annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. Russia formally incorporated Crimea into its territory on 14 March 2014.

title: 2014 Winter Olympics


text:
Talk:InuYasha media and release information

Some of the episode names don't seem quite right. For instance, the one listed here as Shippo and the Thunder Brothers aired under the seemilgly Engrish name of ''Enter Shippo Plus! The Amazing Thunder Brothers''. Which one would be appropriate to list here? -Litefantastic 19:45, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Insert song?
I just made a few changes to the theme songs section (fixing links, the like) and I noticed that 'Jougen no Tsuki' by V6 was listed as an insert song. But I've watched all 167 episodes of Inu Yasha, and I haven't ever heard that song. I know the other ones are insert songs (I heard that 'Why' was, from another forum I go to, and 'Sotsugyou' is listed as an insert song for episode 124 according to another website) but all I know about Jougen no Tsuki is that it was released on the 'Change The World' single. Is it actually used in Inu Yasha? --StarPrincessLita 14:19, 14 July 2005 (UTC)

I would like to know what an insert song is. I would also like to know what the name of the closing song featuring Sesshomaru and the artist, that's the reason, I came here ^_^ --DragonMaster 05:11, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

An insert song I believe is just a song that's used during an episode, though it's not actually the opening/ending song. Like one that I can remember off the top of my head is Yoko Ishida's song 'Ai no Senshi' which is used during some episodes of the anime Sailor Moon. And do you mean like the animation that goes along with the ending song? If that's what you mean...I could check through them again, though I do remember that the ending animation that goes along with 'Fukai Mori' features Sesshoumaru. ^_^ StarPrincessLita 14:14, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

What on eath is this about?
cleanup-context cleanup-importance Dunc|☺ 15:41, 27 July 2005 (UTC)

Wikipedia is not for random lists
Wikipedia is not for endless random lists of information. Considering putting if up on Articles for Deletion if someone doesn't reply to this with a good reason why I shouldn't. Ans  e  ll  09:50, 15 April 2006 (UTC)

 * It could do with a lot of clean-up, but it is by-and-far not a random list. This information is in it's own place because it because it would violate long article policies.  Longer articles have such lists separated out into different pages.  See the main article at: Inuyasha. OP/ED songs are almost universally included in Anime articles.  Title lists are included in most.  Manga articles often feature a list of ISBN. Similar lists have also been featured.--Kunzite 23:17, 26 April 2006 (UTC)

 * While this list may not have the best formatting, many notable TV shows (regardless of format) have lists associated with them. -- tyler willis    |  talk   to me  19:56, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

I see nothing wrong with this article. It is a very handy place for media and release info on a a notable anime and manga series, not just a random list of stuff someone just made up. And some of these, like theme songs, their own articles would be way too short. I mean, there's a Yu-Gi-Oh! media and release information page. I say keep it. Matty-chan 13:38, 8 May 2006 (UTC)

English episode titles
Users 70.113.5.108 and Yugigx60 keep erasing the English episode titles that haven't aired on U.S. TV yet. The comments were, "fansubs aren't official sources" and "We will add the episodes when they air." This is absurd because 1.) they're not fansub titles and 2.) then almost every Anime program that hasn't aired yet in the US wouldn't have any English titles on Wikipedia. For example: Naruto on Cartoon Network is currently up to episode 41 (as of last Saturday)...so does that mean episodes 42-196 of the English titles need to be erased since they haven't been shown yet? Kodocha has 50 episodes, Eureka Seven has 50 episodes and Spiral has 26 episodes. I'm watching these and they are all currently up to episode 13 so far. Do these get deleted? Can you see where I'm going with this? Am I wrong in sticking to my guns regarding this? DJLon 23:34, 13 July 2006 (UTC)
 * revised version: DJLon 03:28, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

Ok Im an outside observer and I'll happily wade in with a £rd opinion :D by the way I got through to this article via Killfest2 (daniel's talk page which for some reason is still on my watchlist - something I seem to do alot nowadays... ah well :D

Anyway what I wanted to ask was just t0 clarify the problem: Are you saying that there has been more episodes shown in the UK than have been shown in the US? Eg: total 40 episodes, ep 25 currently showing in the UK but only ep 18 showing in the US? (hypothetical figures). I got a bit confused with what you were trying to say||

Oh in case you are wondering I am a (sometimes) mediator from the medcab so I am quite good at 3O! :D --  Errant talk (formerly tmorton166) 17:06, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the response, always nice to have feedback! To clarify, here's what I'm saying: There is a user/users (IMHO possible sock puppets) who keeps erasing the English titles on this page (and others which is how I found Daniel) that haven't aired yet here in the U.S. There are many anime shows that haven't completed their run here in the U.S. so if this user/users have their way all English episode titles would/should have to be deleted on Wikipedia because they haven't aired yet. As an example: There are 50 episodes total for Eureka Seven. So far only 13 episodes have been aired here in the U.S. So does that mean episode titles 14-50 need to be deleted on Wikipedia because they haven't aired here yet? This is the point I'm trying to make. DJLon 17:30, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok that does sound a little wrong I agree. Have the english versions (the ones so far not seen in the US) been aired anywhere else and are the titles actually confirmed anywhere - as in via a source? -- Errant talk (formerly tmorton166) 17:39, 14 July 2006 (UTC)

 * That's a good question. On all anime titles where do English titles come from if they haven't aired yet and aren't available on DVD? I did a search on InuYasha just now and found the English episode titles on TV.com and epguides.com and Viz's official site (American distributer) only goes up to episode 20 (yes, twenty-LOL) [unless you go to purchase item then it goes up to episode 141 --DJLon 18:08, 14 July 2006 (UTC)]. DJLon 17:53, 14 July 2006 (UTC)