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Gurgaon

Gurgaon, officially named Gurugram , is a satellite city of Delhi and administrative headquarters of Gurgaon district, located in the northern Indian state of Haryana. It is situated near the Delhi–Haryana border, about 30 km southwest of the national capital New Delhi and 268 km south of Chandigarh, the state capital. It is one of the major satellite cities of Delhi and is part of the National Capital Region of India. , Gurgaon had a population of 876,969.

Gurgaon is India's second largest information technology hub and third largest financial and banking hub. Gurgaon is also home to one of India's largest medical tourism industries. Despite being India's 56th largest city in terms of population, Gurgaon is the 8th largest city in the country in terms of total wealth. It serves as the headquarters of many of India's largest companies, is home to thousands of startup companies and has local offices for more than 250 Fortune 500 companies. It accounts for almost 70% of the total annual economic investments in Haryana state, which has helped it become a leading hub for high-tech industry in northern India. Gurgaon is categorised as very high on the Human Development Index, with an HDI of 0.889 (2017).

Gurgaon's economic growth started in the 1970s when Maruti Suzuki India Limited established a manufacturing plant and gathered pace after General Electric established its business outsourcing operations known as Genpact in the city in collaboration with real-estate firm DLF. New Gurgaon, Manesar and Sohna serve as adjoining manufacturing and upcoming real estate hubs for Gurgaon. Despite rapid economic and population growth, Gurgaon continues to battle socio-economic issues, such as high-income inequality and high air pollution. It also has a flood problem due to the limited drainage capacity.

History
The region of Gurgaon originally fell under the Kuru Kingdom. Early people to inhabit the region were Hindus ruled over by the Ahir clan. Yadu tribes were a part of this clan and today their descendants commonly hold the last name Yadav. In late 4th century BCE, the city was absorbed by the Maurya Empire as part of Chandragupta Maurya's earliest expansions of his kingdom.

Gurgaon may be same as the Gudapura town mentioned in the 12th century text Prithviraja Vijaya. According to the text, Nagarjuna, a cousin of the Chahamana king Prithviraj Chauhan, rebelled against the king and captured the town. Prithviraj crushed the rebellion and recaptured the town.

During the Mughal and initially during the British colonial era, Gurgaon was just a small village in Jharsa paragana of Delhi subah. Report of a Tour in Eastern Rajputana in 1882–83 (published in 1885) by Alexander Cunningham, the then Director-General of Archaeological Survey of India, he mentions a stone pillar at Gurgaon of a local feudal lord "Durgga Naga" with a 3-line inscription "Samvat 729 or 928, Vaisakh badi 4, Durgga Naga lokatari bhuta" dating back to 672 CE or 871 CE. Jharsa paragana passed to Begum Samru in 1776–77 and came under direct British rule in 1836 after her death when her territory was taken over by the British who established a civil lines at Jharsa and a cavalry cantonment at nearby Hiyadatpur. An 1882 land revenue settlement report records that the idol of Sitla Mata was brought to Gurgaon 400 years earlier (15th century). Begum Samru claimed the offering to Sitla Mata temple during the Chaitra month and the revenue from the offerings given to the deity for rest of the month was distributed among the prominent Jat zamindars of the area.

In 1818, Bharawas district was disbanded and Gurgaon was made a new district. In 1821, the Bharaswas cantonment was also moved to Hidayatpur in Gurgaon. "Aliwardi mosque" in Gurgaon, "Badshahpur baoli" (1905). and "Bhondsi" (16th to 17th century) were built during mughal and British era. The "Church of the Epiphany" and "Kaman Serai" (Corrupted form of the "Command Serai" or Officer's Mess") was built by the Britishers in 1925 inside the civil lines.

Other British colonial era historic buildings The Gurgaon Club, a 3-room building surrounded by the lawn and currently run by the Zila Parishad, the erstwhile Coronation School—now renamed to the Government Boys' Senior Secondary School, one of the 13 school established in India in 1911 to commemorate the coronation of King George V. During 1980s, the airstrip and hangar, air conditioned yoga ashram and TV studio were built on outskirts of the city by former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's yoga mentor Dhirendra Brahmachari. The former Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar established his own ashram near this airstrip in 1983 on 600 acre of panchayat land, where another godman Chandraswami and notorious Saudi arms dealer Adnan Khashoggi used to visit him.

On 12 April 2016, Chief Minister of Haryana Manohar Lal Khattar announced a proposal to officially rename the city Gurugram (Sanskrit: गुरुग्राम, lit. village of the Guru), subject to the approval of the Haryana cabinet and the Union Government. He argued that the new name would help to preserve the "rich heritage" of the city by emphasising its history and mythological association with Drona. On 27 September 2016, he officially announced that the Union Government had approved the name change, and thus the city and district would henceforth be known as Gurugram, though the old name "Gurgaon" still lingers in the colloquial usage.

Geography

Gurgaon is located in Gurgaon district in the Indian state of Haryana and is situated in the southeastern part of the state, and northern part of the country. The city is located on the border with Delhi with New Delhi to its northeast. The city has a total area of 232 km2.

Topography
The average land elevation is 217 m above sea level.

Ecology
Gurgaon lies on the Sahibi River, a tributary of Yamuna which originates from the Aravalli range in Rajasthan and flows through west and South Haryana into Delhi where it is also known as the Najafgarh drain. The paleochannel and the current course of the Sahibi river have series of biodiversity hotspots and Important Bird Area (IBA) wetlands and forests within Gurugam, including the Outfall Drain Number 6 (canalised portion in Haryana of Sahibi river), Outfall Drain Number 8 (canalised portion in Haryana of Dohan river which is a tributary of Sahibi river), Sarbashirpur wetland, Sultanpur National Park, Basai wetland, Najafgarh lake and Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary, Ghata lake, Badshahpur lake, Khandsa lake and The Lost lake of Gurgaon. Other IBA wetlands along the Saibi river, outside Gurgaon district, are the Masani barrage wetland, Matanhail forest, Chhuchhakwas-Godhari, Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary, Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, etc. All of these are home to endangered and migratory birds. Most of these largely remain unprotected. These are under extreme threat mainly from the colonisers and builders.

Mangar Bani, a sacred grove and forest with wetlands between Gurgaon and Faridabad, is one of the last surviving natural forests in NCR is protected by Gurjars of nearby area. Contiguous to Mangar bani are Gwal Pahari and Bandhwari forested area. All of these lie on the Southern Delhi Ridge of Aravalli range.

Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, the climate of Gurgaon is an overlap between a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) and a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The city experiences four distinct seasons – spring (February–March), summer (April–August), autumn (October–November) and winter (December–January) – along with the monsoon season (June–September) setting in towards the latter half of the summer. Summers, from early April to September, are typically hot and humid, with an average daily June high temperature of 40 C. The season experiences heat indices easily breaking 43 C. Winters are cool and foggy with few sunny days. The Western Disturbance brings some rain in winters that further adds to the chill. Spring and autumn are mild and pleasant seasons with low humidity. The monsoon season usually starts in the first week of July and continues till August. Thunderstorms are not uncommon during the monsoon. The average annual rainfall is 648.6 mm. The highest ever temperature recorded is 49.0 C on 10 May 1966 and the lowest ever is -0.4 C on 5 December 1966. On 15 May 2022 Gurgaon recorded a maximum temperature of 48.1 C, the hottest day in May in 56 years.

Demographics
The Gurgaon city area has an estimated population of 876,969, according to the 2011 Census of India.

Religion
Hinduism is the most popular religion in Gurgaon, followed by Islam, and Sikhism. There are small numbers of Christian, and Buddhist followers. Gurgaon has adherents of Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, Christianity and the Baháʼí Faith, amongst others. There are several places of worship for major religions, including mandirs, gurdwaras, mosques and churches.

Sheetla Mata Mandir, located at the heart of Gurgaon, is a temple dedicated to the wife of Guru Dronacharya, Kripi. The temple hosts fairs and people come to seek blessings of Sheetla Mata, earlier known as Kripi. Sai Ka Aangan temple, spread over an area of 36,000 square feet, is dedicated to Shirdi Sai Baba and has a life size idol of him.

Architecture

Gurgaon has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods. Gurgaon's skyline with its many skyscrapers is nationally recognised, and the city has been home to several tall buildings with modern planning. Gurgaon has an estimated 1,892 high-rises. The average cost of a 1,000 sqft two-bedroom apartment at a decent condominium in Gurgaon is at least $160,130 (₹ One crore).

Neighbourhoods
Gurgaon is divided into 36 wards, with each ward further divided into blocks. The housing type in the city consists largely of attached housing, though many attached multi-dwelling units, including apartments, condominiums and high rise residential towers are getting popular.

Parks
Gurgaon has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the Gurgaon Metropolitan Development Authority. The key parks are Leisure Valley Park in Sector 29, which is over 36 acre; Tau Devi Lal Biodiversity Botanical Garden in Sector 52; Navisha Park in Malibu Towne, Sector-47; Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Park in Sector 14, popularly known as HUDA Garden; Tau Devi Lal park in Sector 23; and Aravali Biodiversity Park on MG Road. There are local parks in almost all sectors in Old Gurgaon.

Entertainment and performing arts
Notable performing art venues in the city include Epicentre in Sector 44 and Nautanki Mehal at the Kingdom of Dreams near IFFCO Chowk.

Bollywood actor Rajkummar Rao was born in Gurgaon.

Languages and dialect
The main language spoken in Gurgaon is Hindi, though a segment of the population understands and speaks English. The dialect used in Hindi is similar to that of Delhi, and is considered neutral, though the regional influences from the states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab adds an accent to the language. English is spoken with an Indian accent, with a primarily North Indian influence. Since Gurgaon has many international call centres, the employees are usually given formal training in neutral pronunciation in order to be understandable to native English speakers. Haryanvi and Punjabi are other popular languages spoken in the city.

Sports
The city has two major sports stadiums: Tau Devi Lal Stadium in Sector 38, which has facilities for cricket, football, basketball and athletics as well as a sports hostel, and Nehru Stadium which is designed for football and athletics. Amity United FC is a tenant of Tau Devi Lal Stadium. Gurgaon district has nine golf courses and is described as the "heart of India's golfing country".

Joginder Rao, a domestic cricket player, was from Gurgaon.

Economy

Gurgaon has the third highest per-capita income in India and is the site of Indian offices for half of Fortune 500 companies. The city also benefits from its close proximity to Delhi.

Maruti Suzuki Private Limited was the first company that set up a manufacturing unit in the city in the 1970s, making cars. Eventually, DLF Limited, a real estate company, acquired vast stretches of land in the city. The first major American brand to set up a unit in Gurgaon was General Electric in 1997. GE's setup in Gurgaon prompted other companies, both international and domestic, to follow suit providing outsourcing solutions in software, IT, service and sales through delivery facilities and call centres. However, due to the lack of proper public transport and the inability of most of the employees to afford a personal vehicle, most of the call centres provide pooled-in cars to and from their offices.

Apart from business process outsourcing and IT sectors, the city is home to several other companies that specialise in domain expertise. Siemens Industry Software, in Gurgaon Business Park, made a portfolio of design software that was used by NASA to digitally design, simulate and assemble the vehicle before any physical prototypes were built. Various international companies, including Coca-Cola, Pepsi, BMW, Agilent Technologies, and Hyundai, have chosen Gurgaon as their Indian corporate headquarters; this continues to in the 2020s, with Cargill and Nissan making the same choice.

All the major companies in the city depend on their own backup, given the fact that Gurgaon does not have a reliable power and water supply, public transport or utilities.

Retail is an important industry in Gurgaon, with the presence of 26 shopping malls.

Law and government
Gurgaon is governed by the Municipal Corporation of Gurugram, which follows a mayor-council system. In 2017, the GMDA (Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority) was formed, which looks after the city's infrastructure.

Crime
As per the authorities, the following is the key crime data of Gurgaon for 2022:

The police department in Gurgaon is headed by the Commissioner of Police - Gurgaon Police, which forms a part of the Haryana Police and reports to the Haryana state government. Gurgaon Police has a separate traffic police department headquartered in sector 51. Fire protection within the city limits is provided by Municipal Corporation of Gurugram through four fire stations, located in sector 29, sector 37, Udyog Vihar and Bhim Nagar.

In 2018, the first cyber police station was inaugurated in the city. As per the authorities, around 1,500 complaints related to cybercrime, including cyber fraud, online banking fraud, cheating through bank cards, social media complaints & data theft, are received every month. Due to a shortage of in-house cyber experts, the police largely outsource such cases to external organisations.

Education
The city's public school system is managed by the government of Haryana and administered by Haryana Board of School Education. There are other schools affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education, Indian Certificate of Secondary Education and International Baccalaureate boards. Key schools in the city include Alpine Convent School, Ambience Public School, Amity International School, Blue Bells Model School, Delhi Public School, Gems International School, Gurugram Public School, Heritage Xperiential Learning School, K R Mangalam World School, Lancers International School, MatriKiran, Ryan International School, SCR Public School, Shalom Hills International School, The Shri Ram School and Vega Schools.

There are several universities and institutes, offering bachelor's, master's, doctorate and other programs, located in Gurgaon and the surrounding area, including Gurugram University, Sushant University, Sushant School of Art and Architecture, Ansal University, The NorthCap University, GD Goenka University, K.R. Mangalam University, Amity University, Management Development Institute, Great Lakes Institute of Management, Infinity Business School, BML Munjal University, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, and National Brain Research Centre.

Roadways
The major highway that links Gurgaon is National Highway 48, the road that runs from Delhi to Mumbai. While the 27.7 km Delhi-Gurgaon border-Kherki Dhaula stretch has been developed as the Delhi–Gurgaon Expressway, the rest is expanded to six lanes.

Intercity rail
Gurgaon railway station is operated by Northern Railway of Indian Railways. The rail station forms a part of the larger Indian Railways network. Along with that, Gurgaon has Tajnagar railway station, Dhankot railway station, Ghari Harsaru Railway Junction and Farrukhnagar Railway Station, Patli Railway Station. Under Modernisation of Railway Stations, Indian Railways is modernising four railway stations in Gurgaon. Gurgaon railway station, Ghari Harsaru Railway Junction and Farrukhnagar Railway Station will be developed and modernised with modern amenities and international facilities.

Delhi Metro
There are five stations served by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. located on the Yellow Line, which are Millennium City Centre, IFFCO Chowk, MG Road, Sikanderpur and Guru Droncharya.

Rapid Metro
The Rapid Metro has eleven stations in Gurgaon, with an interchange with Yellow Line of Delhi Metro at Sikanderpur metro station. The Rapid Metro became operational in November 2013 and currently covers a distance of 11.7 km. One more phase of the project is in the pipeline and would take the total number of subway stations in the city to 16. An estimated 33,000 people ride the Rapid Metro every day, which provides an exclusive elevated transit service with three coach trains that run in a loop.

Airport
Gurgaon is served by Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport, which is located just outside of Gurgaon city limits near National Highway 8.

Public transit
In November 2013, Gurgaon launched an Ciclovia-inspired initiative known as Raahgiri Day—in which a corridor of streets is closed to motor vehicle traffic on Sunday mornings to encourage the use of non-motorized transport and participation in outdoor leisure activities. Gurgaon was the first city in India to implement such a program, followed by New Delhi, and later Noida.

Gurgaon is also expected to get India's first pod taxis.

Utilities
Electricity in Gurgaon is provided by the government-owned Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam. Gurgaon has a power consumer base of 360,000 with an average power load of 700-800 MW. There are frequent power outages in the city, especially during the peak consumption season of summer. Apart from the power deficit, the equipment used by the power department like transformers, panels and transmission lines are either old or overburdened.

Flooding
Gurgaon is notorious for its urban floods every monsoon. The areas on NH-8 around Hero Honda Chowk, Basai, Dhankot, sector 37 etc. see massive urban floods and headlines grabbing traffic jams reported widely in news media. A recent research report puts the blame on the broken natural water body linkage and obstructions in the flow in the city due to frantic construction during the last decades. The HUDA master drainage lines get choked or burst at the seams. Disruptions in the hydrological flow of natural drains and limited drainage capacity are all primary reasons for the floods.

Gurgaon's Ghata Jheel, Badshahpur Jheel, Khandsa Talab were linked to Najafgarh drain which links to Yamuna river, via natural water channels and drains.

As per the ground reports and research, the three natural water bodies are struggling for their existence with encroachments on their lands and natural channels. Agencies responsible have tried to create artificial water bodies to compensate, but the efforts fail due to unpredictable rain and water flow patterns leading to deployment of water pumps to fight the situation.

In 2012 Punjab & Haryana High court banned ground water usage for construction activity, and NGT has recently reprimanded authorities for drain concretisation.

title: Gurgaon


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User talk:Izogi

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Light Pollution
I obtained the information from my local library. I cannot recall the month it was released. Though I can assure you the information is legit. Unless ofcourse Backpacker magazine was inaccurate. When I find the time I'll confirm what month the edition was released, and I'll write down the article word for word. R Lee E 20:43, July 10, 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for the kudos (though misguided) -- all I did was fix a spelling error: excesive -> excessive. --CelticWonder 07:00, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

hi izogi,, yes i have the references..but it ll take me a while to dig them out...the blood pressure issue is well established, whereas the sexual performance is researched but not as well...what is your field of study?...ill add refs when i can...im in the middle of an office move jsut now and hope to come accross refs in next month...by the way you mihgt like to read the article ive just worked on on Atmospheric diffraction....cheers Anlace 13:38, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * hi again izogi, ive now added two new references to light pollution to reference health effects, learning efficiency reduction and decreased worker efficiency...i have more and better references coming...im still finding documents as i reorganize my office :) best regards Anlace 17:54, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

 * hi izogi,,,thanks for the quick feedback on the material i added to light pollution. this topic is extremely important for a variety of reasons, so i shall work on it more...i agree that it would be great for this article to be the defining short treatise on the subject of light pollution....i am a physicist who has worked in the area of lighting design and energy conservation through lighting design...i have been working recently on the wikipedia article lighting...as a scientist i have also worked on numerous health and annoyance studies regarding light pollution as well as noise pollution...cheers Anlace 19:13, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

IDA
Great job on the light pollution article. I'll bet IDA would welcome your help as a volunteer writer/editor.

Wellington Botanic Gardens
Cheers for fixing that dupe page, I think it just needs some more pictures now and we'll be totally sweet.

I guess you know Joel from the MSc CompSci ... its a small world! We really enjoy using our Wiki as a sort of collaborative website to dump stuff and write articles. Its great fun.

See ya round! Ppe42 14:17, August 16, 2005 (UTC)

FOV
G'day Izogi. You are correct most amateur astronomers do calculate it that way because eyepieces tend to be advertised that way. (Marketing 101, bigger sounding numbers are better )Anyhow, what has happened is that you are coming to it backwards.

In order to calculate the magnification you divide the focal length of the telescope by the focal length of the lens(an approximation do to the small angles involved) as it said in the article you linked. You can then measure (often by measuring two stars of known separation) the actual field of view in your eyepiece. For example, if two known stars are 5' apart, and they appear one just inside one edge and the other just inside the other edge. Then your actual field of view is 5'. (timing star drift is another, albeit slow, method of measuring actual field). Finally, to find out how big everything looks like(or appears to be), you multiply the magnification by the actual field.

Basically I guess I'm saying that you must start from mathematically known or measurable quantities to come to the apparent field. The apparent field is not something you can directly measure. Again, marketing is the key to understanding why everyone talks about apparent views of view as a lot of assumptions go into those "measurements" including focal length of your telescope and how far away your eye is from the lens. Hope that helps? Would you like me to edit the FOV sections and try to add some of this clarification? Flehmen Work with me 23:16, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks, that's making some sense now. If you have time, I'd appreciate it.  I wonder if it's also worth noting the marketing thing, if only because a lot of the information out there gives the impression that that's the way to do it.  I'd always guessed until now that the apparent field of view was some kind of measurement of the blurily visible field if looking through the eyepiece when not attached to anything.  (Not to imply that it'd actually be useful to do that.)  Izogi 07:01, 6 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Hmmmmm.. well I've just had a go at it, which doesn't mean there's no room for improvement. Izogi 10:23, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

my Guy Fawkes revert
You asked why I reverted the anon's content on Guy Fawkes. That's actually a very good question. I just took a brief look at it and thought "well, while I'm reverting anyway ...", without really reading the additions. You're right that it needs refactoring, not deleting! Mea culpa, and thanks for pointing it out to me — I'd moved on without a second thought. I'll revert again. --fuddlemark (fuddle me!) 08:02, 17 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Neat, thanks. Izogi 00:06, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Category:Wikipedians in New Zealand
Hi, You might want to consider adding User NZ res to the top of your user page, which will add you to this category automatically and also add a nice graphic. Onco_p53 07:36, 15 November 2005 (UTC)

Farm Cove
Hi Izogi - I wasn't sure one way or the other. It looked like it wasn't notable enough for an article, but the planet discovery business made me re-think. I recall the edit-war you mention (ISTR it was an observatory near Benmore that caused a lot of the fuss). I'll leave the article there for now, it's harmless enough, though I wouldn't be shedding any tears if it was deleted. It's got an observatory-stub template on it now, so at least editors in the know will see it and be able to assess whether it needs to go to afd. Grutness...wha?  08:27, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Te Papa page
Hi Mike

I reworked some of your recent edits on the Te Papa page after checking with the website and annual report. While you introduced more precise language, in some cases the result was either less correct or a bit confusing for readers.

 * Visitors sounds more precise then visits, but their annual report says that it is visits that are counted, rather than unique people
 * I'm not sure how a reader could interpret "next to Cable St" as for practical purposes it is both on the waterfront and on Cable St
 * The description of the Tory St building in their annual report is "collection storage and scientific research facility" and that seems to better indicate the scale of it
 * I deleted the Ed Hillary opening bit - I'm unsure of the significance of it (ref?). The two children who did the actual official opening are shown in the Getting to Our Place doco, but I can't recall their names so did not include them.

Tweakie 20:53, 17 February 2006 (UTC)

Ruth Crisp
yes you are correct, but as i have almost zero info on Ruth Crisp, the facility info will fill the space until i get it. I just need to visit Carter during the day and collate whatever is availabe. maybe then we can move the facility article to something such as Ruth Crisp Observatory, or integrate it with Carter article ... i dont know.. you would have seen i put out a general call..

i will be happy with any improvements to either article, i am happy just to shove the stuff there....moza 10:53, 19 February 2006 (UTC)
 * You will possibly be a bit happier to know that I learnt you just cant "shove stuff" .. lol. anyway Ive been fairly active and have a better grip on many facets of this environment.good to see youre back. happy tramping! checkout the Milford Trackarticle, needs some help.moza 07:50, 29 May 2006 (UTC)

Auckland meetup
Just to let you know that a meetup is planned in Auckland for the 25th of June (see Meetup/Auckland for more details), and that you are cordially invited. GeorgeStepanek\talk 00:21, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

Thanks
Thank you for correcting my horrible phrasing in the light pollution article! Albester 10:35, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

Userbox Public Transit
According to The German solution, here’s a a tip for you: (in lieu of the blanked template:User Public Transit). -- Olve 21:57, 7 June 2006 (UTC) (corr. Olve 22:27, 7 June 2006 (UTC))

Amateur astronomy book list

 * Hello. I notice you've just re-merged the List of amateur astronomy books with the amateur astronomy article. I don't really disagree with your nomination to delete the list entirely, but did you read the discussion about why it was removed from the article that you've merged it back into? I'm just wondering what your thoughts are. Thanks. Izogi 20:43, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Alas it wasn't me who nominated it for deletion. I'd rather see it merged back in the AA article than deleted entirely. The list might not be considered sufficiently notable to survive as a stand-along article. — RJH (talk) 20:59, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry, my mistake. I noticed you'd merged it back in and assumed it was also you who'd nominated it. Thanks for the quick response. Izogi 21:55, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

No problem. Thanks. — RJH (talk) 21:57, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

Telescope mounts
Hi Izogi. After a wile of editing telescope related articles I found my self going "lemme see, that info is in Telescope mount?... oh no its in Altazimuth mount... wait a minute.. shouldn't Open fork in Equatorial mount be next to Altazimuth mount /fork mount to note the similarities?" grrrrrrrr. In other words-- yeah--- I think all those Telescope mount articles should be on one page. More at you post Talk:Telescope_mount. Halfblue 03:30, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

Lumens/Watt: An update
Quite some time ago, you and I were discussing (on my talk page) the potential efficiency of fluorescent light sources. At the time, I claimed that 100 L/W was about the tops for a fluorescent lamp with a decent CRI. I've now seen data that suggests we've topped that by a little. So-called "T-5" (5/8", 16mm) fluorescent tubes now claim about 105 L/W for the non-"High-Output" flavour.

Atlant 16:38, 11 October 2006 (UTC)

A new task force that could use your help!
Hi, Izogi! Given your interests and fine edits I wanted to draw your attention to the following task force. Please consider taking a look (and of course I'd be thrilled if you were to join). All best! Benzocane 21:18, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

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Invitation to an in-person meetup in Mohua / Golden Bay
Thinking about your summer break? Think about joining other Wikipedians and Wikimedians in Golden Bay / Mohua! Details are on the meetup page. There's heaps of interesting stuff to work on e.g. the oldest extant waka or New Zealand's oldest ongoing legal case. Or you may spend your time taking photos and then upload them.

Golden Bay is hard to get to and the airline flying into Tākaka uses small planes, so we are holding some seats from and to Wellington and we are offering attendees a $200 travel subsidy to help with costs.

Be in touch with Schwede66 if this event interests you and you'd like to discuss logistics.  Schwede 66  09:14, 13 November 2023 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Izogi


text:
User talk:MCBastos

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List of web comics
On the List of web comics page, the policy is to only put up webcomics that actually have a wikpedia article, even if it's just a stub. It's to keep the list as just a list of important webcomics (at least, webcomics notable enough to have an article), and not a list of every webcomic in existence.

I put up a stub for Absurd Notions. If you really like the other two comics you added, you should create articles for them. - Lifefeed 19:16, Dec 3, 2004 (UTC)

Speedy deletion
Please note that "vanity" is not a criterion for speedy deletion, although it has been proposed as one. The link I've given lists the cases. However, this article is gibberish, so I don't think it'll be mourned. You could have dropped a note on the originating editor's page though, let him/her know what you're doing.Dr Zen 00:15, 9 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Squadra Azzurra
Would you please let me know where Italian national football team is called Squadra Azzurra? The name makes sense, but even Chelsea (or any other blue jersey team) could be called Squadra Azzurra, and yet it is not. The fact that the name is in Italian suggests that the name comes from Italy, but here the team is called simply Italia, or Nazionale, while the most used name is Azzurri: "Scots Will Test Azzurri", "Two out for Azzurri" and even in rugby, "AZZURRI UNCHANGED" --Panairjdde 10:15, 11 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Peanuts
Sorry about that. I will be more careful in the future. Siddiqui 13:42, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

Sherpa (role-playing name)
A template has been added to the article Sherpa (role-playing name), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice explains why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may contest the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page. Also, please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. If you endorse deletion of the article, and you are the only person who has made substantial edits to the page, please tag it with db-author. Mattisse 22:40, 13 October 2007 (UTC)

Relaxa goza
Regarding this

Do you have a source about the word gozar and its functions? WhisperToMe (talk) 20:11, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

So, what we can do is cite that dictionary and mention it on the Suplicy page. Keep the "official" Washington Post translation BUT also note that gozar has a double-meaning. According to Verifiability (official policy) it preferable to use an official translation instead of having an editor translate it himself. So, again, keep the Washington Post translation but also discuss the double-meaning AND cite the dictionary. WhisperToMe (talk) 23:01, 21 February 2008 (UTC) By the way, if any Portuguese sources discuss the double meaning (there should be some that do so) please cite them too so we know for certain that Suplicy is deliberately intending the double meaning :) WhisperToMe (talk) 23:03, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

Well, there has to be some dictionary that explains it somewhere. On EN we have a very strict policy regarding discussions of living people (BLP), so statements have to be very well-sourced. Bring it up on Biographies of living persons/Noticeboard and hopefully people will tell you how to get it sourced. There has to be some academic Brazilian publication that explains the use of the word (which can be used to say "this is what Suplicy meant") WhisperToMe (talk) 23:49, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

I think that should be enough to source it :) WhisperToMe (talk) 00:09, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Alright, see the Suplicy page - What do you think of what was added? WhisperToMe (talk) 00:12, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

By the way, I also started a stub on Reinaldo Azevedo - If you want please build it up. WhisperToMe (talk) 00:15, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Oh, I see - I'll alter the statement. WHups! WhisperToMe (talk) 00:46, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

Nomination of Luxology for deletion
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Bang Bang (telenovela)
Hi. I've declined your PROD on Bang Bang (telenovela) because PROD can only be used for articles. You could take the redirect to redirects for discussion, or edit it to make it a stub for the TV show in question. Thanks. Whouk (talk) 11:41, 21 May 2012 (UTC)

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title: User talk:MCBastos


text:
Cult following

A cult following is a group of fans who are highly dedicated to some person, idea, object, movement, or work, often an artist, in particular a performing artist, or an artwork in some medium. The latter is often called a cult classic. A film, book, musical artist, television series, or video game, among other things, is said to have a cult following when it has a small but very passionate fanbase.

A common component of cult followings is the emotional attachment the fans have to the object of the cult following, often identifying themselves and other fans as members of a community. Cult followings are also commonly associated with niche markets. Cult media are often associated with underground culture, and are considered too eccentric or anti-establishment to be appreciated by the general public or to be widely commercially successful.

Many cult fans express their devotion with a level of irony when describing such entertainment, considering it so bad that it is good. Sometimes, these cult followings cross the border to camp followings. Fans may become involved in a subculture of fandom, either via conventions, online communities or through activities such as writing series-related fiction, costume creation, replica prop and model building, or creating their own audio or video productions from the formats and characters.

Film
There is not always a clear difference between cult and mainstream media. Professors Xavier Mendik and Ernest Mathijs, authors of 100 Cult Films, argue that the devoted following among these films make them cult classics. In many cases, films that have cult followings may have been financial flops during their theatrical box office run, and even received mixed or mostly negative reviews by mainstream media, but are still considered a major success by small core groups or communities of fans.

Some cults are only popular within a certain subculture. The film Woodstock (1970) is especially loved within the hippie subculture, while Hocus Pocus (1993) holds cult status among American women born in the 1980s and early 1990s. Certain mainstream icons can become cult icons in a different context for certain people. Reefer Madness (1936) was originally intended to warn youth against the use of marijuana, but because of its ridiculous plot, overwhelming number of factual errors and cheap look, it became watched by audiences of marijuana smokers and has gained a cult following.

Quentin Tarantino's films borrow stylistically from classic cult films, but are appreciated by a large audience; therefore, Tarantino's filmography is noted worldwide as lying somewhere between cult and mainstream cinema. Also, certain cult phenomena can grow to such proportions that they become mainstream, such as the filmography of cult directors like John Waters, John Sayles, John Cassavetes, Armando Bó, Eliseo Subiela, Ruggero Deodato, Takeshi Kitano, Abbas Kiarostami or Jesús Franco.

Television
Certain television series develop a cult following after their cancellation, which may cause interest in renewal. Arrested Development, which was cancelled in 2006 after its third season, was renewed by Netflix in 2013 and received two additional seasons. Futurama was cancelled in 2003 after its fourth season on Fox, but was later picked up by Comedy Central for an additional three seasons. In 2022, it was announced the series would be renewed for 20 additional episodes (released weekly) on the streaming service Hulu. Star Trek was cancelled after three seasons, but in broadcast syndication it gained a more substantial following, ultimately spawning a successful media franchise.

David Lynch's Twin Peaks ran on ABC for two seasons from 1990 to 1991, initially garnering high ratings and critical acclaim. Ratings and reception declined following the reveal of Laura Palmer's murderer, who was left intentionally unknown by Lynch. Eventually, the show was canceled, ending on a cliffhanger. It was not until 2017 that Twin Peaks returned as a limited series on Showtime, ending one of the longest hiatuses in television history.

Series often considered cult classics include the long-running BBC science fiction series Doctor Who, the ITC sci-fi thriller series The Prisoner, the Australian soap opera Prisoner: Cell Block H, the Indian soap opera that ran for eight years Kasautii Zindagii Kay and the mock animated talk show Space Ghost Coast to Coast aired on Cartoon Network, which then spawned many spin-offs and other shows that had a similar sense of humor as Coast to Coast when Adult Swim became a block on the network. A large proportion of the titles aforementioned within this article might not be considered cult classics due to their wide saturation within contemporary audiences, though the term cult classics may have loose classifications such as an initially unsuccessful release or large number of cliches (intentional or otherwise) leading to such a broad range of classification relative to personal experiences of its assigner.

Video games
Some video games, often those with unique concepts that fail to gain traction with the mainstream audience, attract cult followings and can influence the design of later video games. An example of a cult video game is Ico (2001), an initial commercial flop that gained a large following for its unique gameplay and minimalist aesthetics, and was noted as influencing the design of Brothers: A Tale of Two Sons (2013) and Rime (2017), among other games. Other games that have cult followings include EarthBound (1994), another unsuccessful game that later resulted in the creation of a "cottage industry" selling memorabilia to the EarthBound fandom, Conker's Bad Fur Day (2001), an unusually mature 3D platform game for the Nintendo 64 celebrated for its dark humor and story, Yume Nikki (2004), a surreal free-to-play Japanese horror game, Psychonauts (2005), an initially unsuccessful platformer, that has consistently kept one of the strongest fan followings, Hitman: Blood Money (2006), considered to many long-time fans of the Hitman franchise to be the first and last great Hitman game, despite its outdated controls and gameplay, and not receiving deserved acclaim at the time, Alan Wake (2010), an action-adventure game whose story is modeled similar to a thriller television series format and has gained loyal followings despite its underselling, Spec Ops: The Line (2012), a critically acclaimed third-person shooter known for its portrayal of the "horrors of war" and the deep psychological impact of armed conflict on soldiers,  and Dwarf Fortress (2006), a construction and management simulation and roguelike indie video game known for its roguelike cuboidal-grid world model and sometimes difficult text-based interface, rich and complex simulation gameplay, similarly rich procedural world generation and history of continuous development by a small team which continues.

Music
One of the earliest cult classics in rock was The Velvet Underground's 1967 debut album, The Velvet Underground & Nico. While hugely influential, it originally flopped commercially and alienated radio stations, music retailers, and magazines, who found the content too controversial to market. Over the next decade, it received greater recognition from rock critics, who helped make the album more popular. The Beatles' self-titled album known as The White Album at first received mixed reviews from music critics who considered its satirical songs unimportant and apolitical amid the turbulent political and social climate of 1968, but later attracted acclaim, and has since become a cult classic. The Zombies' 1968 album Odessey and Oracle was also originally a critical and commercial flop, failing to chart despite its single "Time of the Season" becoming a surprise hit the following year. While the Zombies disbanded just before its release, the album's status grew as a cult classic in the following decades. David Bowie's 1970 album The Man Who Sold the World also did not impact the record charts on its original release while receiving mixed reviews from critics. After Bowie achieved mainstream success in the early 1970s, its 1972 reissue reached number 24 on the UK Albums Chart, but only 105 in the US. The Man Who Sold the World's influence on future musicians, such as The Cure, Siouxsie and the Banshees, and Gary Numan, as well as the dark wave genre, lent it a cult following in the music scene.

Punk rock has produced several albums with cult followings. The Ramones' 1976 self-titled debut album sold poorly, but was hugely influential on the then-young punk movement, and eventually sold well enough to earn a gold sales certification in 2014. The British post-punk band Magazine also released their debut, Real Life (1978), to little popular success, reaching only number 29 in the UK. Its subsequent acclaim as an innovative and influential work in the burgeoning post-punk genre earned it a reputation as a cult classic. In 1982, the American hardcore punk band Bad Brains released their self-titled debut exclusively on cassette, struggling to gain an audience in the vinyl-dominated marketplace. The appearance of the single "Pay to Cum" on the compilation album Let Them Eat Jellybeans! (1981) helped Bad Brains develop a following in the UK, while the album's musical innovation and growing influence later ensured it a cult-classic status among followers of hardcore punk.

Some alternative albums have also developed cult followings. The American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails released their 1989 debut Pretty Hate Machine to modest success on the Billboard 200, peaking at number 75. It developed an underground popularity in subsequent years and sold enough to receive a platinum RIAA certification in 1995, becoming one of the first independently released albums to accomplish the feat. Also in 1989, Nirvana's debut album Bleach was released to some positive notice from critics, but failed to impact record charts, until the band's massively successful 1991 album Nevermind drew further interest to it. Radiohead's albums Kid A and Amnesiac both received mixed reviews from fans and critics, but later attracted some praise and became cult classics.

The R&B singer Bilal's second album, Love for Sale, became a cult classic after leaking in 2006 and being notoriously shelved by Interscope Records. The musically experimental album quickly developed a following and acclaim online, becoming what The Village Voice writer Craig D. Lindsey called "the black-music equivalent of Fiona Apple's once-shelved (and also notoriously bootlegged) album Extraordinary Machine".

Pop singer Carly Rae Jepsen's post-"Call Me Maybe" career has been called a cult success, particularly her third studio album, Emotion.

Japanese dub and dream pop band Fishmans gained a dedicated online cult following after the death of frontman Shinji Sato via word-of-mouth spread on imageboard and music forum sites throughout the 2000s and 2010s.

Advertising
Brands can also attain a cult following, sometimes due to prestige like Apple and Supreme, while others like Spam do so for cultural reasons. There are also many cult car brands ranging from Trabant to Volvo and even specific models like the Fiat 500, Ford Crown Victoria and Toyota AE86 have all spawned dedicated followings within the car enthusiast community.

In September 2021, AMC Theatres began airing a commercial starring actress Nicole Kidman in its theaters and on television. The commercial became a surprise hit among audiences, who came to appreciate the unintentional campiness of its earnestly rhapsodic style and script, particularly the line "Somehow, heartbreak feels good in a place like this." It has inspired internet memes, parodies, and in-theatre audience participation rituals.

title: Cult following