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Cornerstone (software)

Cornerstone is a relational database for MS-DOS released by Infocom, a company best known in the 1980s for developing interactive fiction video games. Initially hailed upon release in 1985 for its ease of use, a series of shortcomings and changes in the market kept Cornerstone from achieving success. It is considered a key factor in Infocom's demise.

Development
Games were only considered a "jumping off" point for Infocom. It was originally established as an outlet to develop "serious" products. Before forming the company, several of the founders had created the game Zork on mainframes while attending or working at MIT. When they joined to form Infocom, Zork was a natural choice as a first product because it was practically complete and didn't require much up-front funding. The enormous success of the game and its "sequels" (which were actually the other portions of the original mainframe game, which had been split into pieces that early personal computers could handle) led to the development of more interactive titles, due in large part to the highly portable technology the company developed for intelligent parsing. Despite the overwhelming success of its numerous game titles, the original founders of Infocom were still intent on developing serious titles. In addition, business software was seen as more lucrative than game titles since business traditionally paid thousands of dollars for each copy of software applications. After some deliberation, Infocom's board of directors decided to develop a relational database application for business users.

Contemporary databases
Database applications contemporary with Cornerstone were fairly inaccessible to non-programmers. The leading database application of the day, dBase II, required complex command-line commands even for the simplest operations. The Cornerstone developers were determined to make ease-of-use their chief priority. Dozens of people were hired in programming, marketing and other areas to swell Infocom's ranks to over 100 employees.

Funding
While development of Cornerstone was going well, it required an enormous amount of capital. Infocom borrowed heavily and used a sole source of venture capital. Profits from their interactive fiction titles were diverted to help fund Cornerstone, a move that disturbed many employees of the game division and led to an adversarial attitude towards the business division among some.

Design decisions
One development decision that proved fateful for the product—and the company as a whole—was the decision to make Cornerstone run via a virtual machine (VM). The use of Infocom's "Z-machine" for its interactive titles had been a huge boon: since all the games were written in an intermediate language (called ZIL), the company could release one title for every major platform simultaneously. The developers hoped to do the same for Cornerstone and its subsequent products. The existing VM proved unsuitable for the database application, so a new one was written for the product. The developers produced the VM for the IBM PC first, planning to write VMs for other platforms after the initial PC release.

Reception
When Cornerstone was released in 1985, it was widely hailed as a giant leap forward in usability. All commands were menu-driven, an innovative feature at the time. Many powerful features never before seen were available, such as command-completion and context-sensitive help. One PC Week columnist wrote, "Cornerstone is the best program I have ever used... the program is so easy to use, explaining its use is almost redundant. If you need a relational database, buy Cornerstone." One significant achievement noted by reviewers was that Infocom was able to contain the entire program on one floppy disk, a bonus provided by their use of their custom virtual machine (in addition to other facilities, it compressed text).

Infocom's use of a VM affected performance. For simple operations, Cornerstone's performance was fine. However, for intensive operations, such as importing text files and sorting, Cornerstone dragged, especially when compared to the dominant database available at the time of Cornerstone's release, dBase III. One review noted that after waiting over three hours for a single text file to be imported, all similar benchmark tests were abandoned.

Additionally, users of dBase III, despite needing to use complex command-line commands, were able to repurpose databases for whatever uses they needed. They could even make stand-alone applications which used databases with the package. Macros could also be developed which automated many complex or repetitive tasks. Cornerstone, though it had many built-in convenience functions, wasn't programmable. Some repetitive and complex tasks needed to be carried out by hand. Also, any operations on its databases needed to be carried out within the application; Cornerstone had no facilities for creating stand-alone specially purposed applications.

While Infocom's use of a VM was a boon in some ways, the most significant advantage of its use – easy portability – was no longer an issue. During Cornerstone's development, the IBM PC and its clones had emerged as the dominant business computer. While portability was still important for games, a business application could be successful running only on the PC. The product's slow operation due to the VM was too great a disadvantage compared to other current offerings.

These failings may not have proved fatal were it not for the climate in which the product was released. In 1985, the computer industry took a downturn and many businesses that may have been potential customers were reluctant or unable to justify the purchase of the program. Cornerstone sold 10,000 copies. This may not have mattered to the company had game sales remained strong, but the industry downturn also affected Infocom's game sales. Their sales performance was not as good as projected and the revenue provided by games was not enough to cover the development costs of the database. Though the company's revenue for the year was over US$10 million, it was short of what was needed to keep the company solvent.

Additionally, the industry's slump led several of Infocom's creditors to call in their loans early. Infocom's recently burgeoning ranks of employees suffered waves of layoffs and pay reductions.

Impact on Infocom
In 1986, Infocom was acquired by Activision, a large developer and publisher. Activision paid off Infocom's outstanding debt as part of the deal. While the acquisition kept Infocom afloat for a few more years, poor management decisions led Activision to close Infocom in 1989.

title: Cornerstone (software)


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User talk:Cyclopia

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Always precious
Ten years ago, you were found precious. That's what you are, always. --Gerda Arendt (talk) 08:50, 9 October 2023 (UTC)

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Hot toddy

A hot toddy, also known as hot whiskey in Ireland, and occasionally called southern cough syrup within the Southern United States, is typically a mixed drink made of liquor and water with honey (or in some recipes, sugar), lemon, herbs (such as tea) and spices, and served hot. Recipes vary, and hot toddy is traditionally drunk as a nightcap before retiring for the night, in wet or cold weather, or to relieve the symptoms of the cold and flu. In How to Drink, Victoria Moore describes the drink as "the vitamin C for health, the honey to soothe, the alcohol to numb."

Preparation
A hot toddy is a mixture of a spirit (usually whisky), hot water, and honey (or, in some recipes, sugar). In Canada, maple syrup may be used. Additional ingredients such as cloves, a lemon slice or cinnamon (in stick or ground form) are often also added.

Etymology
The word toddy comes from the toddy drink in India, produced by fermenting the sap of palm trees. Its earliest known use to mean "a beverage made of alcoholic liquor with hot water, sugar, and spices" is from 1786. It is often referred to as a 'Hot Toady'. However, a few other sources credit Robert Bentley Todd for his prescription of a hot drink of brandy, canella (white cinnamon), sugar syrup, and water.

Variations
A cold toddy is made with rye whiskey, oranges, lemons, cinnamon sticks, ginger, Earl Grey tea, cloves, honey, and orange or regular bitters. It is served with ice and stirred until it is very cold.

title: Hot toddy


text:
12e Régiment blindé du Canada

The 12e Régiment blindé du Canada (a translation of its former name, the "12th Canadian Armoured Regiment") is a Canadian Army armoured regiment based in CFB Valcartier, on the outskirts of Quebec City. The regiment has both a Regular Force and a Primary Reserve unit. The 12e Régiment blindé du Canada's abbreviation is 12e RBC.

In the Regular Force regiment, all three Squadrons are based on the LAV family of vehicles and are designated as light armoured cavalry squadrons. Each squadron is currently organized into troops of four vehicles each. C Squadron, 12e RBC is at CFB Gagetown as part of C Squadron, the Royal Canadian Dragoons.

12e Régiment blindé du Canada

 * Originated 24 March 1871 in Trois-Rivières, Quebec as the Three Rivers Provisional Battalion of Infantry
 * Redesignated 4 June 1880 as the 86th "Three Rivers" Battalion of Infantry
 * Redesignated 8 May 1900 as the 86th Three Rivers Regiment
 * Redesignated 29 March 1920 as The Three Rivers Regiment
 * Converted 15 December 1936 to armour and redesignated as The Three Rivers Regiment (Tank)
 * Redesignated 13 August 1940 as the 2nd Regiment, The Three Rivers Regiment (Tank)
 * Redesignated 1 April 1941 as the 12th (Reserve) Army Tank Battalion, (The Three Rivers Regiment (Tank))
 * Redesignated 15 August 1942 as the 12th (Reserve) Army Tank Regiment (The Three Rivers Regiment (Tank))
 * Converted 1 April 1946 to artillery and redesignated as the 46th Anti-Tank Regiment, RCA (Three Rivers Regiment)
 * Converted 19 June 1947 to armour and redesignated the 24th Armoured Regiment (Three Rivers Regiment)
 * Redesignated 4 February 1949 as Le Régiment de Trois-Rivières (24th Armoured Regiment)
 * Redesignated 19 May 1958 as Le Régiment de Trois-Rivières (RCAC)
 * Redesignated 2 May 1968 as the 12e Régiment blindé du Canada

War of 1812

 * 8th Battalion, Select Embodied Militia
 * Trois-Rivières Division

Great War

 * 178th Battalion (Canadien-Français), CEF
 * 259th Battalion, Canadian Rifles, CEF (Siberia)

Great War
The 178th Battalion (Canadien-Français), CEF was authorized on 15 July 1916 and embarked for Britain on 3 March 1917, where, on 16 March 1917, its personnel were absorbed by the 10th Reserve Battalion, CEF to provide reinforcements for the Canadian Corps in the field. The battalion disbanded on 21 May 1917.

The 259th Battalion, Canadian Rifles, CEF (Siberia) was authorized on 1 November 1918 and embarked for Russia on 22 and 26 December 1918. There, it served with the 16th Infantry Brigade as part of the Allied Forces in eastern Russia until 19 May 1919. The battalion disbanded on 6 November 1920.

Second World War
The regiment mobilized as The Three Rivers Regiment (Tank), CASF, for active service on 1 September 1939. It was redesignated as The Three Rivers Regiment (Tank), CAC, CASF, on 13 August 1940. It was converted to armour on 23 November 1940, and to an army tank battalion on 11 February 1941, designated as the 12th Army Tank Battalion (The Three Rivers Regiment (Tank)), CAC, CASF. It was redesignated as the 12th Army Tank Regiment (Three Rivers Regiment (Tank)), CAC, CASF, on 15 May 1942; as the 12th Armoured Regiment (Three Rivers Regiment), CAC, CASF, on 26 August 1943; and as the 12th Armoured Regiment (Three Rivers Regiment), RCAC, CASF on 2 August 1945.

On 21 June 1941 it embarked for Britain. The regiment landed in Sicily on 10 July 1943 and in Italy on 12 September 1943 as part of the 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade. On 8 March 1945 the regiment moved with the I Canadian Corps to North-West Europe as part of Operation Goldflake. There it fought until the end of the war. The overseas regiment disbanded on 30 November 1945.

Post-war
The Regular Force regiment served on peacekeeping duty in CYPRUS as part of OPERATION SNOWGOOSE from August 1990 to March 1991.

Afghanistan
The Regular regiment provided several reconnaissance squadrons and troops and tank crews to the Canadian Task Forces that served in Afghanistan from 2002 to 2014.

History
Its origins are in The Three Rivers Regiment, a militia (Reserve Force) regiment based in Trois-Rivières, a town halfway between Montreal and Quebec City. It originally formed in 1871 as the Three Rivers Provisional Battalion of Infantry. This was a new battalion headquarters that united four previously independent infantry companies that had been formed in 1869 at Trois-Rivières, Rivière-du-Loup-en-Haut, Berthier-en-Haut and Saint-Gabriel-de-Brandon. The battalion was given a number in 1880 (86th "Three Rivers" Battalion of Infantry) and raised to regiment status in 1900 (86th Three Rivers Regiment).

In the First World War, the Canadian militia infantry units were not mobilized, but instead new units were formed from volunteers from the militia and new recruits. The militia units generally became organizations for recruiting, induction and preliminary training. The 86th Regiment recruited the 178th "Overseas" Battalion, CEF, in 1916. The 178th Battalion was broken up in England in 1917, but enough of its former members fought at the Battle of Amiens (1918) that the battalion qualified for a battle honour, which the 12e RBC perpetuates.

The regiment also perpetuates the 259th Battalion, Canadian Rifles, Canadian Expeditionary Force (Siberia).

In the post-war reorganization of the Militia, the 86th Regiment lost its number, becoming simply The Three Rivers Regiment. In the 1936 reorganization, it became an infantry tank unit, The Three Rivers Regiment (Tank).

In the Second World War, the regiment mobilized an armoured regiment, which sailed to England in 1941. After two years of training, the 12th Armoured Regiment (Three Rivers Regiment) landed in Sicily, where it supported 1st Canadian Infantry Division throughout Operation Husky almost exclusively and gained a reputation for tenacity and courage. The 12th CAR was the first Canadian armoured regiment to destroy panzers in battle; a Panzer III and one of the Mark IV "Specials" were destroyed by its men at Grammichele on July 15. The regiment also took part Operation Baytown, landings on the Italian mainland in September 1943, as well and were often called upon to support British infantry battalions based on their quiet professionalism. Though the formation it was part of was originally known as 1st Tank Brigade, the name was changed to 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade later on.

After the war, the regiment was given a (partially) French name: Le Régiment de Trois-Rivières (24th Armoured Regiment).

In 1968 the regiment was renamed and expanded to include a new Regular Force regiment in addition to the original Militia regiment. The Regular Force unit is called 12e Régiment blindé du Canada, and the Militia unit is named 12e Régiment blindé du Canada (Militia) (or in French, 12e Régiment blindé du Canada (Milice)). The number in the regimental title commemorates the Second World War unit, 12th Armoured Regiment (Three Rivers Regiment).

Alliances

 * 🇬🇧 – Royal Tank Regiment
 * 🇫🇷 – 2e Régiment de hussards
 * 🇺🇸 - 3rd Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion

Battle honours
In the list below, battle honours in capitals were awarded for participation in large operations and campaigns, while those in lowercase indicate honours granted for more specific battles. Those battle honours in bold type are emblazoned on the regimental guidon.

War of 1812

 * Non-emblazonable honorary distinction

Second World War
•

• Grammichele

• Piazza Armerina

• Valguarnera

• Agira

•

• Troina Valley

•

• Termoli

• The Gully

• Ortona

•

• Gustav Line

•

• Hitler Line

•

•

•

• Monte La Pieve

• Monte Spaduro

•

• Apeldoorn

•

War in Afghanistan
Notes:

Trois-Rivières Military Museum
The museum collects, preserves, researches, interprets and exhibits artifacts which reflect the military history of Trois-Rivières, the 12th Armoured Regiment (Three Rivers Regiment) story and the history of the Canadian Militia. The museum serves as a training medium to teach regimental history, and to stimulate and foster within the general public an ongoing interest in the regiment, its activities and accomplishments. The Museum is affiliated with: CMA, CHIN, OMMC and Virtual Museum of Canada.

Regular Force
While the regiment is the oldest of the Regular Force armoured regiments, its Regular Force component takes its precedence from its date of entry into the Regular Force (1968). The Reserve Force component continues to take its precedence from 1871 within the Reserve Force.

title: 12e Régiment blindé du Canada


text:
List of Mystery Science Theater 3000 episodes

Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K) is an American television comedy series created by Joel Hodgson and originally produced by Best Brains, Inc. The show premiered on KTMA (now WUCW) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 24, 1988. The next year, in 1989, the show began its national run on The Comedy Channel/Comedy Central, running for seven seasons until its cancellation in 1996. The following year, it was picked up by The Sci-Fi Channel and aired for three more seasons there until another cancellation in August 1999 (although repeats continued until 2004). A sixty-episode syndication package titled The Mystery Science Theater Hour was produced in 1995.

In 2015, Hodgson led a crowdfunded revival of the series with 14 episodes in its eleventh season which was released on Netflix. A feature film, titled Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie, was also released on April 19, 1996.

Episodes
Episodes are listed in production number order, not production order or air date order. The episode title is next, and if the original film title is different from the episode title, it follows in parentheses. If the episode features any shorts, they are listed below. In the third column is the film's initial release year, a color/black & white notation, the production company (if known), and the country of origin. The last column shows the initial air date of the episode. Below this is a brief synopsis of the featured movie and shorts, with major cast, character, and production changes noted in italic.

Season 11 (2017)
The fan-funded eleventh season of the series is listed by Netflix as Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Return.

Season 12 (2018)
The twelfth season, consisting of six episodes, was released on Netflix on November 22, 2018. The season is presented as Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Gauntlet.

Season 13 (2022)
Demon Squad and Robot Wars were announced early as the first two films to be featured in Season 13; H. G. Wells' The Shape of Things to Come, The Batwoman, Santo in the Treasure of Dracula, Doctor Mordrid, Gamera vs. Jiger, Munchie, The Bubble, The Mask 3D, The Christmas Dragon, Beyond Atlantis and The Million Eyes of Sumuru were announced during the Turkey Day Marathon on November 25, 2021, Million Eyes having appeared over thirty years prior in the original KTMA season (albeit in an edited-for-content version) and is also featured as a video on demand from spiritual successor RiffTrax. Episodes are expected to roll out monthly throughout 2022, starting on March 4, culminating in The Christmas Dragon as a Christmas special and season finale. Santo, Robot Wars, and Beyond Atlantis were shown in pre-release form as tests of the Gizmoplex to backers on the dates shown below, then were shown in their full form from May 6 to May 8, 2022.


text:
Talk:Macadamia

Untitled
Macadamia nuts are the most expensive nut by weight, commonly found in American stores, retailing for about 1/3 more than pistachios. There is nothing in article to reflect the luxury connotation. Or how they are used. Or even how they taste.

This article needs more about macadamia nuts, themselves.

Like, what foods are they found in? I'm eating some macadamia nut cookies right now, and that must be one of the most common founds to have macadamia nuts incorporated. and cookies are mentioned nowhere in this article, or even just nut mixes.

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 7 January 2019 and 10 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Lmotas.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 03:03, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

MacadamiaN nuts
Well, I've always called them Macadamian nuts, and Google™ Results 1 - 10 of about 27,800 for "Macadamian nuts". (0.21 seconds) Results 1 - 10 of about 423,000 for "Macadamia nuts". (0.23 seconds) shows I'm not alone (though I'm willing to get on the Macadamia bandwagon). So do mention it as an alternative name. Jidanni (talk) 01:25, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

 * I'm with you, and i'm from Honolulu where they (and labeled packages) are quite common. I'm quite surprised to see those google results, frankly.

 * BTW, I have also seen them called "Macadams" somewhere -- either Australia or the UK -- but the article makes no allowance for that.

 * Can anyone confirm such usage? Macadam usually refers to roads and pavement and such.  66.105.218.7 (talk) 07:06, 19 June 2012 (UTC)

Incorrect Number of Species and Updated Taxonomy
There are now only four species of Macadamia restricted to central eastern Australia all other species from Northern Australia and other countries are now placed in the genus Lasjia see (Mast et al 2008) http://www.amjbot.org/content/95/7/843.full.pdf — Preceding unsigned comment added by 110.174.238.101 (talk) 14:09, 4 February 2013 (UTC)

Outdated Sources
Citation number 14 used in this article: "Nuts! Cops use holiday treat in drug sting", Chicago Sun Times, December 24, 2004. Accessed November 21, 2007. Is outdated and no longer available. 74.83.87.252 (talk)

Production section
The last paragraph needs to be translated into plain English or deleted.

Trivia
Lots of things eat these nuts - Using my torch I can see a rat eat a Macadamia nut in a tree in my front yard right now. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.171.179.49 (talk) 10:43, 19 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Need a reliable source, not personal anecdote.

"Nut"
The Macadamia is not a true biological nut.

Is it possible if we can remove all of the "Nut" terms used, and introduce the "Nut" into trivia or something? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.124.73.176 (talk) 23:41, 28 May 2010 (UTC)
 * If you provide a reliable source and explain why, then please add. But not to "trivia" section because that should be removed and moved into prose. The Nut (fruit) article implies they meet the culinary definition, but not biological, without giving a source either. W Nowicki (talk) 00:46, 29 May 2010 (UTC)
 * The article List of culinary nuts indicates whether each culinary nut is a botanical nut or something else. It lists the macadamia as a "follicle.  And the beginning of this article describes the fruit of the macadamia as a follicle, too.  When it speaks later of nuts

it means in the culinary, not the botanical, sense. So I guess it's covered, although it might be made more clear. 140.147.236.195 (talk) 17:28, 5 August 2011 (UTC)Stephen Kosciesza

Also, the cashew is not a nut, they are seeds (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashew#Cashew_.22nut.22) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 50.170.78.58 (talk) 08:53, 11 February 2016 (UTC)

Polish weddings?
The whole reference to Polish weddings ("In Poland . . . as seen in Polish culture during celebrations, the groom will after cracking begin to dance in a jovial manner [8]"), including the citations, appears to be a practical joke (and not a particularly funny one). The target of both citations appears to be a legitimate Polish culture web site, but without any references to Macadamia nuts (which, not being indigenous to Poland, seem an unlikely element of Polish culture).Hbquikcomjamesl (talk) 00:47, 15 December 2011 (UTC)

I have actually danced during my Polish wedding after cracking some macadams. There is even a traditional song in some wojewodztwa (Polish provinces) to accompany this cracking sound. It goes like: "Orzeszki, pekajcie smialo". Some people (depends on wealth) use walnuts or hazelnuts instead of macadamias. (46.205.50.245 (talk) 22:07, 6 January 2012 (UTC))

Poland has for years used the Macadamia nut as a wedding celebratory food, and used following dancing in some cases. It serves as a Traditional piece inherited sometime in the late 1970's, 'Long time polish' — Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.234.251.230 (talk) 14:21, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

Depends how Inland you go, still a practiced tradition, remember uncle doing it with his wife before the official ceremony(2.2052.350.245 (talk) 22:07, 5 August 2012 (UTC))

Can this be edited, It is more of a Northern Tradition, originating near Koszalin initially from family celebrations, it was adapted to Weddings later in the 1880s.Heylow2b4l (talk) 12:37, 15 January 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 132.234.251.230 (talk)

M. ternifolia
Article states it is commercially important yet poisonous. Why is it of commercial value? 58.146.182.73 (talk) — Preceding undated comment added 05:57, 18 July 2015 (UTC)

Toxicity in dogs
I can’t find in the article what it is in macadamias that makes them toxic to dogs, and that was the reason I read it to start with. As written at present, it suggests that dogs are simply more sensitive to some constituent than humans are. I was, however, primed for that interpretation by a news article about common human foods that aren't good for dogs. Then it occurred to me that it might refer to dogs’ eating raw or unleached macadamias. Is it the cyanogenic glycosides that occur in some species? I would like to know more about this. Walter Turner 93.202.102.125 (talk) 07:24, 16 May 2016 (UTC)
 * I did a quick search for Google books and Pubmed references which showed toxicity from eating macadamias does occur in dogs, as stated with the one reference in the article, but nowhere was the mechanism discussed with assurance of responsible compounds like glycosides. This is one states the toxic effect, but the whole article is not available so we are unable to see any scientific evidence for the mechanism. In this book on small animal toxicology, page 818 for dogs, there is an anecdotal discussion of the minimum toxic dose as 1 nut per kg or 20 g/kg being significantly toxic, with mention that the mechanism is unknown. Further searching indicates that macadamia poisoning in dogs is commonly recognized by vets, but there isn't a thorough analysis of the toxicology in the medical literature that I can find. Will return here if I find something. Meanwhile, the article contains mention of this and the toxic effect is easily found via Google. --Zefr (talk) 15:18, 16 May 2016 (UTC)

 * I found an online available version of the paper you found. It specifically states, "While some varieties of macadamia nuts contain toxic levels of cyanogenic glycosides, these have a bitter flavour and are not used as food." Considering the context of what types dogs would be inadvertently eating, cyanogenic glycosides appear to be ruled out as the cause. Kingofaces43 (talk) 15:30, 16 May 2016 (UTC)

Only endemic food plant species from the Australian continent to have been domesticated by Europeans settlers for production
Jared Diamond in his book "Guns, Germs and Steel" (ISBN-13: 978-0393317558 ISBN-10: 0393317552 p102) claims that the macadamia nut is the only plant to have been domesticated from Australian wild stock, after the arrival of Europeans and their technology.

pdr0663 Pdr0663 (talk) 07:47, 25 May 2017 (UTC)

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History is wrong
The history is wrong and the page leaves out Aboriginal Australians.

Australia was not terra nullius! 2600:1700:5B20:CAA0:8155:4A33:C243:AEF3 (talk) 18:11, 4 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Macadamia


text:
Talk:Lower Bay (TTC)

We should either also have another article for Lower Queen or merge the two into an "abandonded subway stations of Toronto" page. Brad

Why does the subway route map on this article show Union station as being a multi-level station? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.100.19.140 (talk • contribs)

 * It is incorrect. I think it meant to say "transfer station." Cleduc 21:03, 24 April 2006 (UTC)
 * I made a note on Image talk:TTCSubwayInterlined1966.svg to that effect. I may look at it if I can figure out how to edit that... maybe the Gimp can do it. Cleduc 21:10, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Lower Bay (TTC)


text:
Haha

Haha or ha ha is an onomatopoeic representation of laughter.

Haha and variants may also refer to:

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Other uses

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 * Ha Ha, a millionaire racehorse in Australia
 * Hāhā, several species of Hawaiian plants, including those of the genus Cyanea
 * "Ha ha!", a catchphrase used by character Nelson Muntz on the television series The Simpsons

title: Haha


text:
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Talk:Cochineal

Image
Have a nice picture of wool dyed with cochineal but am newbie and would probably do something silly to article Saintswithin 20:43, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cochineal-dyed-wool.jpg

Book recommendation
There is a great book I just read called "A Perfect Red : Empire, Espionage, and the Quest for the Color of Desire" which gives a very well-written history of the trade in and importance of cochineal from the time of the Spanish conquest up to the present day. I'm surprised it wasn't referenced in this article, perhaps it had not yet been published. It is truly a great reference on the subject. Author is Amy Butler Green, ISBN 0060522755, available at all the online or brick-and-mortar bookstores. Herodotus73 22:50, 2 December 2005 (UTC)

Tuna blood
What's tuna blood? FireWorks 06:26, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

Just as you may expect.... the blood from a TUNA... (Tuna is a fish by the way...) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.127.15.200 (talk) 21:24, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Tuna is the name of the Opuntia cactus upon which the insect depends. Kortoso (talk) 17:39, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

A bit more on history
I just copied this from the spanish wikipedia. Please someone more fluent in english than me translates it and adds it to the article:

 * En 1822 las Cortes de Cádiz mandaron estudiar las provincias que, por su temperatura, fueran las más apropiadas para su cultivo, resultando las Islas Canarias las más apropiadas para su explotación. A partir de entonces, el cultivo de la cochinilla no hizo más que aumentar, convirtiéndose en un auténtico río de oro a mediados del siglo XIX.

--euyyn 01:43, 19 July 2006 (UTC)

 * "In 1822, the Cortes of Cadiz studied which provinces would be the most appropriate for cultivation. The result was that the Canary Islands most appropriate for the exploitation of

cochineal. Thereafter, cochineal cultivation increased in the mid-nineteenth century." How's that? Kortoso (talk) 17:43, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

last sentence is From then on, the cultivation of the cochineal only increased, becoming a veritable river of gold in the mid-19th century. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.54.144.67 (talk) 16:35, 17 February 2021 (UTC)

Carminic vs kermesic acid
I removed the reference to kermesic acid from the article, as it siggested that it is the same compound as carminic acid. These are, in fct, two different compounds. Their formulas are very similar though. See, where I is the formula for carminic acid and II is the formula for kermesic acid. Kpalion 19:25, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

(Spelling errors corrected^) siggested = Suggested. fct - Fact. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.127.15.200 (talk) 21:25, 16 June 2009 (UTC)

Polish cochineal
Editors of this featured article may be interested in the peer review of an article about Polish cochineal, cochineal's Central European cousin. Kpalion 20:08, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

Natural or artificial
From reading about this dye, I thought that it was actually referred to as a "natural" ingredient in food, etc, since "natural" means from an animal or plant. This article says that it is an "artificial" ingredient, however. Which is the case?--Gloriamarie 05:12, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

 * No, the article only once mentions that it is sometimes labeled as "artificial colouring". What it is, and how it is labeled, can potentially be at odds. I do not believe it is usual practice to label it as artificial, and - though this is only my suppostion - I believe that the use of any dye, regardless of whether the dye itself is natural or synthetic, constitutes an "artificial colour" (in other words, it confers a color that is not what the product would otherwise possess). Dyanega 09:58, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The article on Carmine mentions that the ingredient may be listed as Carmine, Crimson Lake, Cochineal, Natural Red 4, C.I. 75470, E120, "natural coloring", or "added coloring", not "artificial coloring". In the US, I've seen it listed as "Cochineal Extract" (in PowerBars) and Carmine.  I'll change the phrase in this article from "artificial" to "natural". Matthias Blume 00:46, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

 * If anyone needs further clarification, foods colored by so-called natural colors (there is no legal definition for natural colors per the FDA) are considered artifically colored in the U.S. So cherry juice colored with cochineal is artifically colored (as is cherry juice colored by cabbage juice, or elderberry). The only time it's not artifically colored is if you use cherry juice to color it, which makes it all a bit moot, but that's the law. You can't use the term natural coloring, but the FDA says you have to use the common name for carmine and cohineal because of the allergy issues. See Federal Register Sigh Ns (talk) 21:09, 2 April 2009 (UTC)

Union suit
Was the famous red Union suit dyed with cochineal or carmine? Badagnani (talk) 23:49, 8 April 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. Maximum and carefull attention was done to avoid any wrongly tagging any categories, but mistakes may happen... If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 17:35, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Intro paragraph
The intro paragraph to this article was very confusing to read. I have attempted to clean it up a bit and clarify that this article is primarily about the insect, while carmine is the primary article for the dye. If it looks like I've made it worse, please feel free to revert. Kaldari (talk) 19:27, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Suggest changing "no more than 1 in 10,000" to "as many as..." or "up to 1 in 10,000" —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.252.201.61 (talk) 02:49, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

History section
The spread of cochineal cultivation may need sorting out, especially in relation to the Mexican War of Independence in the early nineteenth century. The text implies that the spread occurred thereafter; a source would be helpful here. Kablammo (talk) 00:53, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

One reason for its popularity is that, unlike many commercial synthetic red dyes, it is not toxic or carcinogenic.
This statement really needs [citation needed]. What studies have been done to ensure there are no carcinogenic qualities of chemicals present in Cochineal? Really, if I was looking for a new, horrid, carcinogenic toxin, the place I would start looking is the juices of various insects.

This statement also spreads the myth that naturally sourced chemicals are somehow safer than their laboratory sourced equivalents.Robbak (talk) 05:07, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Found a reference that someone will have to go through to get the needed info from: . Hope this helps. Don't have time to cite it properly right now. Hires an editor (talk) 12:27, 3 September 2009 (UTC)
 * I went ahead and changed the sentence to match the reference, and make it more neutral. Nothing says it's not carcinogenic, it's just implied that it's not because of the fact that other things are. Hires an editor (talk) 14:16, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

Biology
Under this heading there's a Citation Needed on the last sentence: "Adult males can be distinguished from females by their diminutive size and their wings.[citation needed]." Perhaps this CN is out of date and should be removed? Because the article now has an image which clearly shows the diff twixt males and females. Forton (talk) 05:14, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

OK, I see a citation has now been added, thank you. I guess there's no rule that says an article can become an FA with a CN still hanging. Forton (talk) 06:01, 4 September 2009 (UTC)

Allergy claim - !?!
The citation about the allergenic effects (http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/fr060130.html) is a bad link. After trying to find the correct link to the FDA site (http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=5162785de68f14cfc940b641e1b51594&rgn=div5&view=text&node=21:1.0.1.1.26&idno=21#21:1.0.1.1.26.1.31.10), CFR 73.100 and 73.1100 makes no direct reference to allergic reactions of cochineal. If someone has a better link, please add. In the meantime, I'm identifying the sentence as needing a better citation. Dagordon01 (talk) 10:55, 3 September 2009 (UTC)dagordon01

The tag was removed almost immediately by Mm40. (11:31, 3 September 2009 Mm40 (talk | contribs) (25,976 bytes) (Removing tags; you don't need refs in lead)).

This would surprise me as it is perhaps more important that statements in the leading section of an article are substantiated. I've had a quick skim of

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_article_does_not_cite_any_references_or_sources.#Qualifying_sources

and could find nothing suggesting that refs aren't needed in the leading section of an article. If I've missed something then I live and learn but for now I'm planning to remove this part (at least from the top of the article) reason being that it seems very POV to me. Just about anything can be allergenic. If anyone can find a source to back-up the idea that Cochineal is generally harmful (or at least some figures as to how many people are allergic - not 'up to x people') it should go back in but till then I'll remove it. IanOfNorwich (talk) 17:42, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

 * The lede is a summary of the article; if it is not in the article, the fact should not be summarized in the lede. Many folks (me among them) prefer to keep citations out of the lede after making sure that the proposition is adequately cited in the body; others differ.  Kablammo (talk) 17:45, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

I can see the logic in that, Kablammo, and if the article backed up the statement and showed that it was significant enough to be included in the lede/lead/top bit ?? of the article I'd be all for keeping it. But while it does seem to support that the FDA requires food to be labled to show that it contains cochineal, it doesn't support the idea that it posses any significant risk. For reference here is the text I have now removed:

Cochineal dyes have health risks. Unlike hypothetical risks extrapolated from tests on other species (rats), cochineal-based dyes and derivatives (Blue 2, also known as Indigo Carmine [sometimes used in nylon sutures]), E120, carmine, caramine, carminic acid, crimson lake, Ponceau, E124, cochineal Red A) cause allergic reactions in no more than 1 in 10,000 consumers. The U.S. Center for Science in the Public Interest has called on the FDA to remove insect-based dyes from the approved list of dyes.

IanOfNorwich (talk) 17:51, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

 * My understanding is that having references in the lede is up to the style of the article, and the people who are involved in it. Some articles have references in the lede, others don't. Just a matter of taste. The lede should have a summary, and obviously the part that was removed is very detailed, and should be referenced and more detailed in the article proper. There is some evidence that it's an allergen in rare cases (which I referenced in the article), but what was deleted doesn't belong in the lede. Hires an editor (talk) 22:52, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

I'll note (as an entomologist) that the list of dyes above includes several which are not derived from the cochineal insect. Given the specificity of allergic reactions, one has to wonder what sort of study would fail to distinguish between different sources of these chemicals and simply treat all insect-based dyes as if they were the same thing? It isn't correct to blame cochineal dye for ALL cases of insect dye allergy. First, the quote above would need a proper citation, and second, it would need to be rephrased to correctly indicate that these findings apply broadly to a variety of insect-based dyes, and not necessarily to cochineal. Dyanega (talk) 23:07, 3 September 2009 (UTC)

British Redcoats
The current article includes an illustration c. 1742 of a private in the quintessential British Redcoat, the implication being such uniforms were dyed with cochineal. However, in the 18th century, cochineal was enormously expensive, and redcoats for non-officers were dyed with madder. The use of cochineal for all ranks didn't begin for nearly 150 years after this, and cochineal produces a distinctly brighter shade of red.

I am thus removing the illustration; if someone can find an accurate illustration or photo, pl. replace it. FellGleaming (talk) 00:01, 22 March 2010 (UTC)

Incoherence with regard to color stability
Have a look at: "In artist's paints, it has been replaced by synthetic reds and is largely unavailable for purchase due to poor lightfastness." vs. "Cochineal is one of the few water-soluble colorants that resist degradation with time." —Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.192.174.35 (talk) 13:02, 1 January 2011 (UTC)

"Homoptera" is gone (paraphyletic), please fix
The taxobox says "Homoptera", and Homoptera says that this order is deprecated. Scale_insect says Order=Hemiptera, Suborder=Stenorrhyncha, but I'm not sure how correct is that. Maybe somebody who really knows this stuff can fix it. --Ralf Muschall (talk) 19:39, 23 August 2011 (UTC)

Starbucks controversy...
Does it deserve a mention? http://money.cnn.com/2012/04/19/news/companies/starbucks-bugs/index.htm?hpt=hp_t3 Hires an editor (talk) 12:07, 20 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Always tricky to know about such time-dependent news stories. It does illustrate the point that the colourant is a problem for some people because it's insect-derived. But I personally would remove it, although I don't feel strongly about it. Peter coxhead (talk) 12:28, 20 April 2012 (UTC)

Etymology
Is there an etymology section in this article? If so, I must have overlooked it. From http://www.etymonline.com:
 * "1580s, from French cochenille (16c.), probably from Spanish cochinilla, from a diminutive of Latin coccinus (adj.) "scarlet-colored," from coccum "berry (actually an insect) yielding scarlet dye" (see kermes). But some sources identify the Spanish source word as cochinilla "wood louse" (a diminutive form related to French cochon "pig")."

Kortoso (talk) 17:47, 14 November 2013 (UTC)

 * Good. Put it in! S  B Harris 02:49, 15 November 2013 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I will try and paraphrase. Kortoso (talk) 00:14, 16 November 2013 (UTC)
 * Done; please move it if you see a better place. Kortoso (talk) 00:31, 16 November 2013 (UTC)

Year of first formal description
The categorization as "Animals first described in ...." as I understand it really means "first formally given a currently accepted name or a synonym of a currently accepted name". Certainly this is how it is described for plant species at the explanatory page PLANTS/Description in year categories. So if Linnaeus' 1758 name Coccus cacti is the earliest name for this species, the correct year seems to be 1758. Peter coxhead (talk) 10:02, 6 April 2014 (UTC)

 * That might be the case for plants but for animals it is the year it acquired its current species epithet which in this case would be coccus from Costa, 1835. The only exception is when species have had to be re-named to prevent homonyms but that does not appear to be the case in this instance Elspooky (talk) 11:02, 6 April 2014 (UTC)

 * Ah, ok. Is the situation for organisms under the "animal code" documented anywhere? If so, it would be good to add some links from the category pages – this is otherwise a bit mysterious! Peter coxhead (talk) 11:19, 6 April 2014 (UTC)

 * (Actually coccus is not an "epithet" – this is a botanical term – but a name. Peter coxhead (talk) 11:23, 6 April 2014 (UTC))
 * I've now corrected the year in the category. I've also added a note to the lead at PLANTS/Description in year categories to stress that it only covers plant species. Peter coxhead (talk) 11:27, 6 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Yeah I know it's not an epithet. I've just been dealing with a lot of plants lately and used it out of habit. I'm pretty sure the ICZN has a section on what counts as the year of formal description. I've just got to find it (and the code is not very exciting to read)

Disambiguation from Porphyrophora species
The literature on scale insects and insect dyes, from the 19th century to today, is full of references to "Armenian" cochineal, "Polish" cochineal, and "American" or "Mexican" cochineal. Originally not knowing anything about these species, I thought that they must be three varieties of the same family and was surprised that the Cochineal article only mentioned Dactylopius coccus and did not mention the synonyms "American cochineal" and "Mexican cochineal" or discuss the use of the word "cochineal" for the other two dye-producing species Porphyrophora hamelii (Armenian cochineal) and Porphyrophora polonica (Polish cochineal), which have their own Wikipedia articles. It appears to me that some time after the Dactylopius dyes became the predominant red insect dye in the Western world a few hundred years ago, European and American authors appropriated the name of the New World insect "cochineal" (Dactylopius coccus) and applied it to the Old World insects of the Porphyrophora genus. Since these Old World species are quite commonly (if incorrectly) called "cochineal", it seems that the Cochineal article should include some information about these other species and how they are not "true" cochineals. Perhaps some information could be added to the history section of the article, along with a sentence in the lede section or a template at the top at the article (Template:Redirect6, Template:Other_uses, Template:About, etc.), that mentions Porphyrophora hamelii and Porphyrophora polonica? I hesitate to make the changes myself because this is a Featured Article and because I am not an expert in this field. Ketone16 (talk) 18:24, 11 October 2014 (UTC)

FAR needed
This is a 2006 FA that has not been maintained to current WP:WIAFA standards. There is a good deal of dated text, uncited text, and lacking as of dates, among other items (not all of which are tagged). Is anyone able to bring this article to standard, to avoid a Featured article review? Sandy Georgia (Talk) 19:53, 16 April 2015 (UTC)

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Scarlet vs. Crimson
I think the etymology section has the colors reversed: cochineal gives a crimson dye, whereas kermes gives a scarlet dye. At least, this is my recollection from reading Cardon's treatise. Now, it is possible that the actual name of the insect is related to a name that meant scarlet since the kermes insects historically seem to have been conflated with the carminic acid-bearing insects, but I think that it's not right to say that cochineal yields scarlet whereas kermes yields crimson. Ketone16 (talk) 00:53, 6 September 2016 (UTC)

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Intuitive units
"It takes about 80,000 to 100,000 insects to make one kilogram of cochineal dye."

I cannot imagine what could be dyed with a kilo of carmine, not can I imagine what 100,000 insects looks like.

cf. "It takes about 80 to 100 insects to make one gram of cochineal dye." — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ekdwc75v9Dzn91Y (talk • contribs) 21:37, 23 November 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cochineal


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User talk:Wht Widow

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title: User talk:Wht Widow


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User:Schwartz und Weiss

Interesting pages no longer interest me.

Something weird is happening to me.

title: User:Schwartz und Weiss


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Puli (car)

The Puli was a microcar made in Hungary by HÓDGÉP of Hódmezővásárhely from 1986.

The car was 2.46 m long and was assembled using parts made by Ikarus, Škoda, Lada and Polski Fiat available at that time in the country. It was propelled by a Diesel engine of 4 kW, or an electric engine of 7.4 kW.

The body was made from reinforced glass fibre. It was intended to be exported mainly to France where no driving licence was needed to drive that category of vehicles. The company's profile was agricultural machinery building and did not survive the political-economical transition of Hungary to a market economy at the end of the 1980s.

The electric version was produced in 1991 under the name Puli Pinguin 4.

In 2006 the Puli returned under the ownership of Prokop Gábor. Prokop holds Puli and Wartburg trade marks.

title: Puli (car)


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Rowan University

Rowan University is a public research university in Glassboro, New Jersey, with a medical campus in Stratford and medical and academic campuses in Camden. Founded in 1923 as Glassboro Normal School on a 25 acres site donated by 107 residents, the school was formerly known as Glassboro State College from 1958 until 1992 and Rowan College of New Jersey from 1992 to 1997.

The university includes 14 colleges and schools with a total enrollment (undergraduate, graduate, and professional studies) of just over 19,600 students. Rowan offers 85 bachelor's, 46 master's degrees, six doctoral degrees, and two professional degrees. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

History
In the early part of the 20th century, there was a shortage of adequately trained teachers in the state of New Jersey. It was decided to build a two-year Normal school in the southern part of the state to counter the trend. Among the candidate towns, Glassboro became the location due in no small part to its easy access to passenger rail as well as its offer to donate 25 acre of land to the state to build the Normal school. The 1917 purchase price of the property was raised by the residents of the town and used to purchase a tract that belonged to the Whitney family, who owned the local glassworks during the 19th century.

In 1923 the Glassboro Normal School opened with a class of 236 students, 226 women and 10 men, arriving at the train station in front of Bunce Hall. With the evolution of teacher training, the school became a four-year program in 1934; in 1937, the school was renamed The New Jersey State Teachers College at Glassboro and became co-educational shortly thereafter.

The college was one of the first in the country to begin programs for teachers for reading disabilities and physical therapy in 1935 and 1944, respectively. Glassboro State began to develop a reputation as a leader in special education. After several years and the return of soldiers from World War II, the college was able to expand its enrollment from a wartime low of 170 in 1943 to an expansion of several additional campus and academic programs over the next 15 years and became Glassboro State College in 1958.

Hollybush Summit
The Cold War Glassboro Summit Conference between U.S. President Lyndon Johnson and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin took place from June 23–25, 1967, in Hollybush Mansion on the campus of then-Glassboro State College. The college was chosen because of its location equidistant between New York City, where Kosygin was making a speech at the U.N., and Washington, D.C.

Then-college president Dr. Thomas E. Robinson was given just 16 hours' notice of the decision to hold the summit at GSC and, despite the lack of advance notice, converted his on-campus home into a secure location for the leaders of the world's superpowers.

After the summit
The campus hosted hard rock band Black Sabbath's first U.S. concert on October 30, 1970. Peaceful student protests occurred during the Vietnam war as they did at other campuses, but never required the college to close the campus.

The college made national news during "Spring Weekend" in 1986, due to a loud party atmosphere primarily off campus around the Beau Rivage townhouses and The Crossings apartment complex in which police from several municipalities were called in to break up the parties. The event led to Glassboro State College's ranking as the #28 Party School in the nation in the January 1987 issue of Playboy magazine.

Though the alcohol-fueled Spring Weekend was canceled by then-President Herman James, a non-alcoholic version continued for several years, Glassboro State College remained known for its hard-partying culture. However, in 1988, there began one of the biggest crackdowns in school history. As a result of the drinking death of freshman James Callahan at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, Herman James decided to make GSC an example for the rest of the state colleges and universities to follow. He invited the New Jersey Alcoholic Beverage Control Commission (ABC) to the school. He began shutting down off-campus parties and placing undercover agents in the local liquor establishments. This prompted Morton Downey Jr., who was based in Secaucus, New Jersey, and very popular at the time, to do an untelevised show focusing on the drinking age and the classic argument that an eighteen-year-old can go off to war and die for their country although they cannot legally buy and consume beer. The following year, the ABC did not return, and the partying atmosphere that Glassboro State College was known for returned in earnest and continued into the 1990s and early 2000s.

University status
In 1992, president Dr. Herman James oversaw the development of Glassboro State College into what would eventually become Rowan University. This transformation came about because of what was then the largest single gift to a public college or University in history. Industrialist Henry M. Rowan, Jr., a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology class of 1947, and his wife donated $100 million to the college, which later changed its name to Rowan College of New Jersey in his honor. The gift stipulated that the college open a College of Engineering, allowing the college to expand its course and curriculum offerings to the point that it became a full-fledged university, achieving that status in 1997. This status was given by the State of New Jersey based on Rowan University's doctoral degree program, the Ed.D. in Educational Leadership, and the numerous master's-level programs in education and business.

Following Dr. James' retirement as president in 1998, Dr. Donald Farish was chosen to succeed him and began further expansion on the Glassboro campus, opening a modern Science Hall in 2003 and a building to house the College of Education in 2005. In addition, acquisitions during the beginning of Farish's tenure as president led to the development of a tract of land bordering US Route 322 and State Route 55 as the West Campus.

The presidency of Donald J. Farish was noted for a continued crackdown on the university's partying culture, which declined alongside a rise in SAT scores and class rank among the incoming freshman classes. The crackdown on the partying culture began in earnest in 2002 with the official banning of kegs for use by Greek letter organizations. In 2006, two Rowan University students were found guilty for serving alcohol to minors at an off-campus party that resulted in the death of a 16-year-old male. Rowan promised to follow up with its own penalties.

West Campus
On March 20, 2006, President Farish announced a joint venture between the university and Major League Soccer (MLS) to construct a new athletic complex based around a 20,000-seat soccer-specific stadium on property owned by the campus at the intersection of U.S. Route 322 and Route 55. Although the stadium was planned to be complete for the start of the 2009 MLS season, New Jersey's 2006 budget problems resulted in cutbacks in funding for the infrastructure upgrades required by increased traffic related to an MLS team. When plan fell through, the stadium project was relocated to nearby Chester, Pennsylvania where the MLS's Philadelphia Union now play their home matches.

The northern portion of the West Campus expansion currently contains the South Jersey Technology Park as well as room for future expansion; the southern portion of the West Campus expansion will accommodate both academic and athletic facilities. The university in 2015 opened a 17.5 acre site across from the South Jersey Technology Park at Rowan University with practice fields for football, soccer, field hockey and lacrosse. Transportation between the two campuses will be provided with both shuttle service and improved bike paths, as well as improvements to Route 322 itself.

On a vast site, adjacent to the West Campus athletic fields, the Inspira Medical Center complex opened in late 2019.

South Jersey Technology Park
Rowan University broke ground for the South Jersey Technology Park (SJTP) on April 10, 2006. The New Jersey Economic Development Authority (NJEDA) gave Rowan University $5.8 million to combine with $1.5 million from the New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology, $1 million from Samuel H. Jones, and $1 million from Rowan itself. SJTP is planned to be a 188 acres site which will serve as an establishment for science and technology companies as well as academics. It is planned to have 25 buildings to provide competitively priced Class "A" facilities for budding entrepreneurs, start-up and established companies. SJTP was incorporated as a non-profit corporation with its own board of directors. The first building, the Samuel H. Jones Innovation Center, has been leased completely out, and the revenue will help build a second building.

The Tech Park's first incubated business, SocialReach, has successfully graduated into its own offices in Philadelphia.

The second planned building will be approximately 66000 sqft divided between research and technology labs and offices.

Campus crimes
In December 1972, Stephen Setrin was stabbed while on the grounds of Glassboro State College

On August 12, 1996, 22-year-old Cindy Nannay was fatally shot outside Bozorth Hall by her estranged boyfriend, who then killed himself. Nannay was so afraid of Scott Lonabaugh, 27, that when he arrived on the campus to see her, she asked friends to accompany her to the parking lot, the Gloucester County Prosecutor's office said. As her friends looked on, Mr. Lonabaugh shot Ms. Nannay twice with a shotgun and then shot himself in the head, prosecutors said. Both died at the scene.

Eleven years later, in 2007, another student was murdered on campus. Sophomore Donald Farrell, 19, was robbed and beaten to death by unknown assailants while walking behind the Triad dormitory. A reward of $100,000 has been offered for information leading to the capture, arrest and conviction of the assailants. In an effort to find Farrell's assailants, television stations in Philadelphia, New Jersey and New York City aired reports on the murder, and America's Most Wanted twice featured segments on the incident.

Following Farrell's murder a new campus security initiative was undertaken, starting with a 14-point plan proposed by President Farish. The plan included hiring additional security staff, adding more fully trained police officers, starting a student patrol program, an expansion of the Safe Walk and Ride program, improving lighting in and around campus, installation of CCTV cameras, and changing security and police coverage from an 8-hour to a 12-hour shift.

Cooper Medical School
It was announced on June 26, 2009, that Rowan would be partnering with Cooper University Hospital to create a new four-year medical school to reside on Broadway in Camden. Rowan was chosen by governor Jon Corzine to house the new medical school primarily because the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) was not in a financial position to fund the creation of the school, for which Rowan issued $100 million in bonds.

The new school would require no new funding as $28 million would be diverted from UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, which will no longer be associated with Cooper University Hospital after the opening of Cooper Medical School. Opening in 2012 with an entering class of 50, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University was the only medical school in the state not affiliated with UMDNJ before their closing. It was the first new medical school in New Jersey in at least 30 years.

The Cooper Medical School of Rowan University was granted preliminary accreditation by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education on June 10, 2011.

Medical and Health Sciences Education Restructuring Act
In January 2012, a state advisory committee proposed a plan to merge Rowan with the Camden campus of Rutgers University (which would have been separated from Rutgers) under Rowan's name. The project was opposed by the Rutgers governing boards, faculty, students, and alumni, and by others in the state. Legislation passed in June 2012 rejected the idea of a merger, though it did include provisions for a loose collaboration between Rowan and Rutgers-Camden limited to research and teaching in the health sciences. This legislation, the "New Jersey Medical and Health Sciences Education Restructuring Act" (A3102 & S2063), enacted several essential changes to Rowan:

 * Rowan University was granted Research University status and was granted increased state funding.
 * Rowan University acquired the University of Medicine and Dentistry's (UMDNJ) Stratford-based School of Osteopathic Medicine. Rowan joined Michigan State University as the only institutions in the country to operate both a DO and an MD medical school. The acquisition also included the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS).
 * A joint Rowan/Rutgers-Camden governing board was created to oversee the development and operation of collaborative programs in the health sciences.

Student deaths and mental health support
The university faced criticism for not providing more mental health resources and support for students after four students committed suicide between 2019 and 2021. Following the student deaths in 2019, the university expanded its resources better accommodate students' mental health, including bringing the number of counselors employed to 17 and partnering with TogetherAll, a 24/7 mental health support network. Additionally, the university received a $3 million grant in 2019 to start The Shreiber Family Pet Therapy Program after their success with bringing in local therapy dogs to help students with anxiety and stress.

Academics
The university is currently divided into eighteen colleges and schools.

 * Rohrer College of Business
 * Ric Edelman College of Communication and Creative Arts
 * College of Education
 * Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering
 * John H. Martinson Honors College
 * College of Humanities and Social Sciences
 * College of Performing Arts
 * College of Science and Mathematics
 * School of Earth and Environment
 * Global Learning and Partnerships
 * Cooper Medical School of Rowan University
 * Virtua Health College of Medical and Life Sciences
 * Rowan-Virtua School of Nursing and Health Professions
 * Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine
 * Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
 * Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering & Sciences
 * Rowan University School of Veterinary Medicine
 * School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Admissions and enrollment
Enrollment at Rowan from the fall semester of 2017 shows 15,401 undergraduates and 2,045 graduate students from 38 states and 34 countries. The overall admission rate is 53.0%. Undergraduates submitting statistics for a data set in 2017 had scores of 530 at the 25th percentile and 630 at the 75th percentile in SAT critical reading and 510 at the 25th percentile and 620 at the 75th percentile for SAT Math. As of the fall of 2016, the average accepted GPA was 3.46.

Social Mobility Index rankings
Rowan was ranked the #2school in the United States by the Social Mobility Index college rankings.

U.S. News rankings
Source:

Best Colleges Rankings (2020):
 * National Universities: 166 (tie);
 * Top Public Schools (National): 78 (tie);
 * Undergraduate Engineering Programs (where a doctorate is not offered): 21 (tie).
 * Undergraduate Electrical Engineering (where a doctorate is not offered): 15 (tie)

Best Grad School Rankings (2019):
 * Medical: Primary Care 91–120;
 * Education: 195–258;
 * Nursing (Masters): 176 (tie).

Top Online Programs Rankings (2019):
 * Graduate Engineering Programs 72–94;
 * MBA Programs 131 (tie);
 * Graduate Education Programs 186 (tie);
 * Bachelor's Programs 264–348.

Athletics
Rowan University has 18 sports teams (8 men's and 10 women's). The football, field hockey, and track & field teams compete at John Page Memorial Field at Coach Richard Wackar Stadium. The basketball, volleyball, and swimming & diving teams call Esbjornson Gymnasium home. Women's lacrosse and the men's and women's soccer teams play at the Rowan Soccer and Lacrosse Complex. The baseball and softball teams have their own, dedicated facilities on campus. Rowan's teams are known as the Profs (short for Professors, a nod to the university's 1923 opening as a school to train educators), and the mascot is named Whoo RU. Rowan also has club teams for: archery, ballroom dance, baseball, men's and women's basketball, cheerleading, crew, cycling, dance, equestrian, esports, fencing, field hockey, fishing, golf, men's and women's ice hockey, karate, men's and women's lacrosse, mixed martial arts (MMA), outdoors, paintball, powerlifting, quidditch, racquetball, rock climbing, roller hockey, men's and women's rugby, skateboarding, ski and snowboarding, men's and women's soccer, softball, street hockey, swimming, table tennis, tennis, ultimate Frisbee, men's and women's volleyball, and wrestling. A member of the NCAA in Division III, competing in the New Jersey Athletic Conference (NJAC), the sports teams at Rowan University have had some success on a national level. The Profs football team is regularly a contender for the national title, having gone to the Amos Alonzo Stagg Bowl five times (1999, 1998, 1996, 1995, 1993) and the national semifinals in 1992, 1997, 2001, 2004 and 2005. The women's field hockey team won the national championship in 2002 and had a perfect season of 21 wins and no losses. The men's basketball team has made the NCAA Division III National Championship Tournament 12 times, winning the national title in 1996. The men's soccer team has made the NCAA Division III National Championship Tournament 24 times, resulting in seven trips to the national semifinals. Rowan men's soccer has won national titles in both 1981 and 1990, finished second in 1979 and 2000, and third in 1980, 1985 and 1998. The baseball team has won the NCAA Division III National Championship in 1978 and 1979, while making appearances in the NCAA Division III World Series in 2004, 2005, and 2021. Rowan hosted the Division III National Championship Tournament Final Four for men's soccer in 2000, women's lacrosse in 2002, and field hockey in 2022.

Student Center
The Chamberlain Student Center is the main location for dining on campus. Dining options include the Owl's Nest restaurant, Peet's Coffee, Grill Nation, Jersey Mike's Subs, Freshens, Sono, Crust, Chef Jet, Smoked, Breakfast & Co., Bowl Life, Pop Up, and the Marketplace convenience store. The Student Center is also home to the Student Government Association, Conference and Event Services, the Greek Affairs Office, Student Activities, the Mailroom, and the Information Desk. Students and staff also get their RowanCard ID here.

Media
Rowan University hosts the award-winning Rowan Radio 89.7 WGLS-FM, which began in 1964 on a $6,000 budget. Additionally, the Rowan Television Network (RTN) is a student-run closed-circuit television station that provides 24-hour content to the students of Rowan University. RTN currently consists of 11 student-produced television shows, various sports related programming, and coverage of topical events occurring on campus.

The Whit has served as the campus newspaper since 1938, covering school news, student life, Rowan sports, and entertainment. It is published weekly throughout the school year except during exams. Another mainstay campus publication is Avant, a student-led literary magazine that compiles undergraduate poetry, short stories, photos, and artwork in annual fall and spring issues. Image is the annual Rowan yearbook. Other campus publications include Halftone, an online magazine focusing on entertainment and pop culture, and At My Whit's End, a zine published by the Writing Arts Club. Venue was a long-running alternative, uncensored student publication focusing on campus opinions and humor, initially formed in 1968 with a heavy political focus. Changing its format over the years, Venue printed four issues a year up to 2011.

Rowan Boulevard
Rowan Boulevard connects 322 to downtown Glassboro, forming a bustling urban area that fuses businesses, bookstores, restaurants, a primary care facility, academic buildings, and student housing.

Housing

Rowan provides housing for over 6,500 students in 13 University owned housing complexes and 5 affiliated housing units. Students have a choice between halls, apartments, or townhouses. Full-time, non-commuter students are required to live in on-campus until the completion of their sophomore year, and are thus guaranteed on-campus housing during this time. After this, students must enter into a housing lottery.

With the university's continued growth, housing at Rowan's main Glassboro campus has reached capacity. The university has moved to construct new housing aggressively.

The student-run Residence Hall Association represents students who live on-campus.

There are seven freshman residence halls and five for upperclassmen. Starting in the fall of 2017, Rowan University offered apartment-style housing options in a public-private partnership with Nexus Properties.

Student organizations

There are more than 100 clubs and organizations at Rowan University, along with more than 30 Greek organizations.

Other chartered clubs report to the Student Government Association including the Rowan Television Network, the local PRSSA, the Rowan College Republicans, the Rowan Democratic Club, and The Student University Programmers (SUP). Cinema Workshop, the university's student film club, celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2007.

Transportation
New Jersey Transit bus routes 313 and 412 serve the university. U.S. Route 322 (Mullica Hill Road) bisects the campus. It is a planned stop on the Glassboro–Camden Line, a proposed 18 mi diesel multiple unit (DMU) light rail system.

Notable alumni

 * Dan Baker (born 1946), Philadelphia Phillies PA Announcer and former Philadelphia Eagles PA Announcer
 * Jessica Boyington, Miss New Jersey USA 2006
 * Kyle Cassidy (born 1966), American photographer and videographer
 * Betty Castor (born 1941), Florida politician and former president of the University of South Florida
 * Adam Chazen (born c. 1985), Associate Visual Effects Producer for Game of Thrones.
 * Jack Collins (born 1943), college basketball coach and former Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly
 * Nick Comoroto (born 1991), professional wrestler
 * Jim Cook Jr. (born 1987), journalist and playwright.
 * Scott DePace, TV director, The Howard Stern Show
 * Steve Dildarian (born 1969), creator of the HBO animated series The Life & Times of Tim.
 * Lince Dorado (born 1987), professional wrestler.
 * Ric Edelman, financial planner and radio host
 * Evan Edinger (born 1990), American-born YouTuber based in London, England
 * Stink Fisher (born 1970), football player and actor in movies such as Invincible and The Longest Yard.
 * Jamie Ginn (born 1982), Miss Delaware 2006
 * Dino Hall (born 1955), running back who played in the NFL for the Cleveland Browns.
 * Robert Hegyes (1951–2012), actor and former co-star of Welcome Back, Kotter known for his role as Juan Epstein, who was a professor at his alma mater in the early to mid-1990s.
 * Allen Helbig (born 1964), artist, animator, photographer, body painter and web designer
 * Kenneth Lacovara, explorer and paleontologist, known for discovering new species of dinosaurs (2004 Rowan Alumnus of the Year)
 * Trymaine Lee, Pulitzer Prize–winning reporter
 * Fred H. Madden (born 1954), New Jersey State Senator and former superintendent of the New Jersey State Police.
 * Marilyn Marshall (1941–2015), R&B and jazz recording artist
 * Tim Marshall, radio host, R&B Music Hall of Fame 2013 Inaugural Inductee
 * Soraida Martinez (born 1956), artist, designer and social activist known for creating the art style of Verdadism.
 * Mary Previte (1932–2019), author of Hungry Ghosts, served in the New Jersey General Assembly representing the 6th Legislative District from 1998 to 2006.
 * Megan Rochell, R&B singer, dropped out before graduating.
 * John Sadak, Television play-by-play announcer for the Cincinnati Reds
 * Patti Smith (born 1946), musician, singer and poet, member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
 * Shaun T (born 1978), motivational speaker, fitness trainer and choreographer best known for his home fitness programs T25, Insanity and Hip-Hop Abs.
 * James L. Usry (1922–2002), first African American mayor of Atlantic City, New Jersey.

Notable faculty

 * David Bianculli, television critic; teaches television and film history
 * Marvin Creamer, geography professor and first person to circumnavigate the globe without any navigational instruments
 * Neil Hartman, sports personality; director of Rowan's Center for Sports Communication and Social Impact. Known for sparking Allen Iverson's "practice" rant in 2002.
 * Melissa Klapper, historian and storyteller
 * Gordon Turk, virtuoso organist; faculty member since 2013.

title: Rowan University