text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/World's Fittest Man

Merge with Paddy Doyle. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 20:25, Jul 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * agree. Ianb 21:47, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete after merging, unless a rewrite can be done to discuss the title and how it is determined in general, past holders, etc. Geogre 00:03, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Merge with and redirect to Paddy Doyle. Redirect can change once somebody else gains the title. Spectatrix 00:05, 2004 Jul 28 (UTC)
 * Paddy Doyle is enough. "Fittest" is too subjective. Fit for what? I'm sure there are people in the world who can do many physical things better than this guy... Delete. Fire Star 01:27, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * The title is apparently given to the winner of the World Physical Fitness Challenge, which Paddy has set a new record for. Change of suggestion: rename World's Fittest Man article to World Physical Fitness Challenge with history, prior title-holders, etc. if someone is willing to undertake the task. Spectatrix 02:25, 2004 Jul 28 (UTC)
 * Merge and redirect somewhere appropriate. If "World's Fittest Man" is indeed the official title given by the World Physical Fitness Challenge, then this shouldn't be deleted altogether, just redirected to the appropriate place, which is preferably an article on the World Physical Fitness Challenge (as Spectatrix said), or, until that exists, to the article on the person who currently holds the title. Regarding Fire Star's comment about it being too subjective: this would be subjective if it were World's fittest man, but since it's World's Fittest Man, it's a title rather than a concept. - Eisnel 18:36, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, yes, the distinction hadn't occurred to me. That makes sense. I'll change to rename (or at least point out the distinction a bit more), merge or redirect. Fire Star 13:44, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text:
Rab C. Nesbitt

Rab C. Nesbitt is a Scottish comedy series which began in 1988. Produced by BBC Scotland, it stars Gregor Fisher as an alcoholic Glaswegian who seeks unemployment as a lifestyle choice. Rab C. Nesbitt was originally a recurring character in the BBC2 sketch series Naked Video (1986–1990).

Background
The pilot episode, made for BBC Scotland in 1988, was a Christmas special entitled Rab C Nesbitt's Seasonal Greet, which was broadcast on 22 December 1988 and then repeated on the network the following year. The first series began on 27 September 1990 and continued for seven more, ending on 18 June 1999.

The show returned for a one-off special on 23 December 2008. The special sees several important developments, which carry on into the series: Gash now has a daughter, Peaches; Mary and Ella have set up in business together as cleaners (and Jamesie, Rab and sometimes Gash all work for their company, House Mice); and Rab himself has converted to Christianity and given up alcohol.

A ninth series of six episodes began airing on 21 January 2010. The show's return received a good critical response and high audience figures, leading to a tenth series being commissioned by the BBC for broadcast in 2011. Filming for the series commenced in February 2010, and began broadcasting in October 2011. Following a two-year break, Elaine C. Smith confirmed on her Twitter page that a new year's special had completed filming on 10 October 2013, and was aired on BBC Two on 2 January 2014.

Ian Pattison created and wrote all 65 episodes, and Colin Gilbert produced and directed all 65 episodes as well. Topics include alcoholism, Neo Nazis and sexually transmitted infections. Often several normally unapproachable subjects were used in the same episode. The series is also known for its uncompromising use of Glaswegian accents and dialect, and its technique of breaking the fourth wall by frequently having Rab address the viewer directly.

The series has featured guest appearances from the likes of Norman Lovett, Peter Mullan, Rikki Fulton, Mary Lee, Anita Dobson, Timothy Spall, Stanley Baxter, Kevin McNally, Clive Russell, Jerry Sadowitz, Viv Lumsden, Sylvester McCoy, Russell Hunter, Peter Capaldi and the unknowns David Tennant, Ashley Jensen, Ford Kiernan, Greg Hemphill, Karen Dunbar, Elaine Ellis, Jane McCarry and Paul Riley. Series 10 episode 2 notably featured an appearance by Scottish singer Susan Boyle who was the runner-up on Britain's Got Talent in 2009. The series was taken live on tour in 1991, known as Rab C. Nesbitt: In the Flesh, thus meaning that no new series was broadcast that year. A live recording of the tour was released on VHS in 1992 as Rab C. Nesbitt: Live. Two script books accompanying the series have also been released, alongside Rab's autobiography, a novel entitled A Stranger Here Myself.

In October 2016, it was announced that plans were in place for Rab C. Nesbitt to return with a series of live shows at the SSE Hydro in Glasgow, following in the footsteps of Still Game.

Nesbitt family

 * Robert "Rab" C. Nesbitt: Gregor Fisher [1988–]. alcoholic without denial, sarcastic, deadbeat, self-styled "street philosopher" and "sensitive big bastard", although "sensitive by Govan standards". Described by his wife Mary as not "an unemployed person" but "the original unemployed person", Rab is very rarely seen in anything other than a shabby pinstripe suit, plimsolls, a filthy headband and a string vest. He has two sons, Gash and Burney. Rab has four brothers, all dead; Rab only survived because he was the only one out of the five who was able to understand the benefits form. He claims to have been talented as a teenager, but never went anywhere with it due to Govan-dwellers being scared of talent when they saw it and tried "tae batter it tae death wi' empty wine bottles". At some point before the episode "Clean" he managed to clean up his act, giving up alcohol, helping around the house, finding religion, and presiding over a temperance group; so far he has only relapsed on-screen twice. He is also shown to break the fourth wall.
 * Mary "Mary Doll" Nesbitt: Elaine C. Smith [1988–]. Rab's long-suffering wife, more functional and aspirational than her husband. Claims that on the day she was born it was a toss-up whether she or the dog's litter would end up at the bottom of the river Clyde in a sack (Burney: "She won. There's nae bloody justice, eh?"). Currently runs a successful house-cleaning business with Ella Cotter called the "House Mice". Mary has repeatedly split up with Rab over the course of the show as has often flirted with other townsfolk to try to get back at him. However, somehow, she and Rab always seem to get back to together, usually for the sake of the "weans" ("little ones"). Mary has had a lot of odd-jobs over the years, often taken as a quickie to pay off a final demand bill or outstanding arrears. Mary has stuck by Rab through many tough situations over the years.
 * Gash Nesbitt: Andrew Fairlie until 2008, Iain Robertson since 2010 [1988–]. The Nesbitts' elder son. Described by his father as "so anal-retentive he's still shitein' rusks." Has dabbled with Christianity, hard drugs, Hare Krishna, Scottish nationalism, and ram-raiding BT shops in his efforts to find himself. He has an on-off girlfriend, Bridie, and by the time of the show's return, now has a teenage daughter, Peaches, whom the Nesbitts dote upon. Rab has often taken more interest in Gash than his other son, Burney, and seems to favour Gash as he doesn't give as much lip. Fairlie left the role following the 2008 special, and Robertson was re-cast in the role and appeared from 2010.
 * Burney Nesbitt: Eric Cullen [1988–1993]. The Nesbitt's younger son, who briefly dabbled with neo-Nazism. Was also discovered to be gifted at painting, although gave up this avenue when he realised it wasn't getting him any sex. Burney often gave his father more grief than his brother, and often became more of a nuisance in his father's eyes. Actor Eric Cullen left the programme following series three due to personal issues, and was replaced by David McKay's Screech. Cullen died in 1996, shortly after he was asked to return to the role of Burney for the 1997 series. In the 2008 Christmas special, it is revealed that Burney died in a "ramming" accident and was buried nearby.
 * Screech Nesbitt: David McKay [1994–1997]. Rab's nephew, who replaces Eric Cullen's Burney from 1994. Screech comes to live with the Nesbitts after Burney goes to live in at a boarding school. Screech is much more outspoken that his predecessor, and has much more of a rebellious side. He seems to get along with Gash better than Burney did. Actor David McKay earlier portrayed Young Young McGurn's son Bimbo in "That's Entertainment", and was cast in the role of Screech following his initial appearance in 1992. McKay left the role in 1997.: Natalie Nesbitt:: Played by Scottish actress Elaine Ellis

Cotter family

 * James Aaron "Jamesie" Cotter: Tony Roper [1988–]. Rab's longtime friend, as well as chronic serial philanderer and self-described 'scumbag'. Jamesie is always seen with his trademark shabby sports jacket and bottle of Irn-Bru. On one occasion, he was described by his wife as "a slippery-lookin' article, about 93-year-old, wearing crusty jeans, with the eyes of an unemployed rapist". On several occasions he has played the part of the devil on Rab's shoulder, urging him to take up drinking again in "Clean". His attitude towards women (he is very keen on having sexual relations with any number of women but refuses to trust them) is implied to have stemmed from a traumatic relationship with his cancer-ridden mother; he spent much of his childhood tending to her, receiving little but abuse in return. It was known that he was once a football player until sustaining a shoulder injury which had forced him to quit.
 * Ella Cotter: Barbara Rafferty [1988–]. Jamesie's fiery wife, with her red beehive haircut and leopard skin coat. Seems to loathe her husband and frequently considers murdering him. In the meantime, she enjoys torturing him on occasion, notably breaking his shoulder with a crowbar and scratching his sunburnt chest. She has stabbed him at least once. She is every bit as promiscuous as Jamesie. She is part of a house-cleaning business with Mary, called The House Mice. Ella and Jamesie have never had children, due to the fact that Ella had gynaecological problems, a fact which Jamesie cruelly rubs in her face when he gets another woman pregnant.

Pub regulars

 * Andra: Brian Pettifer [1988–]. One of Rab's best friends, described more than once as looking "like a Ninja Turtle". Married to a woman called Bobbie whom he finds so repulsive that he dry heaves when thinking about sleeping with her. Andra has a comb-over haircut and is often mocked for being less adventurous than his counterparts. Andra was a regular in the Two Ways Inn before its closure, and quickly transferred his custom to the Giblet. Pettifer reprised the role for the 2014 special, the only pub regular to appear in the episode.
 * Dodie: Alex Norton in 1988, Iain McColl since 1990 [1988–2011]. Another of Rab's best friends. Dodie is implied to be fond of unconventional methods of intoxication, e.g. sniffing shoe polish, and had an interest in crossdressing also. He too, like Andra, has an insufferable wife whom he loathes and he retches when he thinks about sleeping with her. Dodie did not appear in the 2008 special or Series 9. He also didn't appear in the 2014 special, as McColl had died in 2013 following complications from a cancer diagnosis. McColl was not replaced in the role.
 * Dougie: Charlie Sim [1988–1992]. The barman of the Two Ways Inn. He was the original owner of the pub before handing the pub over to Norrie following his retirement. Dougie was much more bitter and sour than his successor, and was less tolerant of the acts of the pub regulars than his successor. Sims left the role in 1992 and was replaced by Kazek in the role of Norrie.
 * Norrie: John Kazek [1992–1999]. The barman of the Two Ways Inn. Norrie takes over the running of the pub after Dougie gives up the job. Norrie is much more tolerant but often steps in when violence is about to break out. Norrie has more of a sensitive side and is willing to show some sympathy when required. He tries to update the pub with foreign grub and games machines. Before he worked in the pub, he was a psychiatric nurse.
 * Camille: Cora Bissett [2010–]. The barmaid of The Giblet since its opening in 2010. During the episode "Passion", she was the object of both Gash and Jamesie's affections. Bisset did not appear in the 2014 special. Again, it is not known whether she had left the role or was unavailable at the time of filming. She replaced Kazek when he decided not to return to the series.

Recurring cast

 * Hugh "Shug": Sean Scanlan [1990–1999]. Mary’s maternal cousin, Hugh feigns Englishness or at least pretends to be a middle-class Scot due to Scottish cultural cringe and to the distaste displayed at anything working-class and/or Scottish by his wife Phoebe. Hugh is Mary's cousin, and moved to Sidcup at some point in the 1980s.
 * Phoebe: Sara Corper until 1993, Sarah Crowden until 1996, Juliet Cadzow since 1999 [1990–1999]. An extremely middle-class English woman, married to Hugh. Phoebe is ashamed of his Scottish roots and often displays her disgust when his heritage begins to show.
 * Bridie: Nicola Park [1998-2011]. Gash's on-off girlfriend, with whom he has a daughter, Peaches. Bridie first appeared in Series 8, and returned to the role for the ninth and tenth series. Again, Park did not appear in the 2014 special, and it is unknown whether Park has left the role or was unavailable for filming.
 * Peaches Nesbitt: Rachael Crossan until 2011, Anna Devitt since 2014 [2010–]. Gash and Bridie's daughter, upon whom all the Nesbitts dote. Peaches is a teenager by the time of the 2014 special. Crossan originally portrayed Peaches for series nine and ten. However, she did not return for the 2014 special and Devitt was cast in the role instead, making her first appearance.

Notable one-time characters
"John William Pure Mad Mental Intae Yoor Body Simpson Craig Gemmell Chib The Bam Rib-Racker No Real Young Rebel Ya Bas St. John McGurn aka Young Young McGurn". Portrayed by Maurice Roëves in That's Entertainment. a local "psychotic, with cannibalistic tendencies" who regularly threatens to eat people who displease him. McGurn's family burgle and vandalise local houses with impunity. Unfortunately for Jamesie Cotter, he chose to "whap the meat up" McGurn's daughter Tracey, a fact that very nearly got him eaten himself. In spite of the fact that "no decent human being could hope to strike up a rapport with him", he seems to be quite agreeable towards Rab, entrusting him with his darkest secret: he is a cannibal with false teeth. He commits suicide by jumping from the terrace of a tower block, killing a police inspector, two social workers and a psychologist in the process.

"Gash Nesbitt Sr". Portrayed by Sylvester McCoy. Rab's brother, after whom he named his son. Gash Sr was once highly intelligent but very sensitive, and developed mental illness, either following or coinciding with a period of particularly intense ill treatment by Rab B. Nesbitt, their father. Gash is usually a resident of a special home, yet managed to escape (or merely unconsciously wandered away) to be briefly taken in by the rest of the Nesbitt family during the episode "Father".

"Isa Nesbitt Anna Welsh" (older) & "Ann-Louise Ross" (younger). Rab's mother, a typical Govan housewife, described as being so self-conscious she would put a dish-towel over her knees while watching television because she thought Trevor McDonald could see up her skirt. Rab is shown to have been very close to her, as he describes her as "one of the finest human beings ever to walk this Earth". She died during a gallstone operation in Series 4.

"Robert "Rab" B. Nesbitt". Portrayed by Ronnie Letham. Rab's cantankerous father, described by Gash Sr. as "a monster, a vile, cruel, unpredictable sadist". He blamed his failure on his family and frequently accused his children of holding him back and ruining his life. His moods reduced his wife Isa to a nervous wreck. His preferred victim was his gifted but sensitive son Gash, whom he ultimately drove to insanity through humiliation and abuse. He died from a heart attack when Rab C. finally stood up to him.

"Old Shep". Seen in That's Entertainment". Rab's pet canary which he trains to attack people's groins. Rab is shown to be very fond of his pet and refers to him as a "pit bull canary". Shep was killed during Young Young McGurn's suicidal dive from a tower block, and was given a Viking funeral, with an empty beer can as the boat and part of a Corn Flakes box as a sail.

"Peter The Warlock". Portrayed by Peter Mullan from 'Life Has Meaning'. A Devil worshipper who, after feeling insulted by Rab, places a hex on him, resulting in a dart embedding itself into Rab's cranium. Owns a cloak allegedly once owned by Aleister Crowley (but is most often seen naked) as well as a dog with a unicorn-like horn. Last seen sprinting naked down the street pursued by a furious, pitchfork wielding, Rab.

"Davina". Portrayed by David Tennant. A transgender barmaid who, despite highly speculated gender, holds the affection of everyone.

"The Dosser". Portrayed by Russell Hunter in Ethics. A tramp who attempts to kill himself by jumping into the River Clyde within sight of Rab, who rescues him. The Dosser then blackmails Rab into taking care of him by threatening to commit suicide if he doesn't. In the end, Rab hires a hitman to get rid of him but attempts to call him off when he discovers that the whole thing is a scam.

"The Hitman". Portrayed by Freddie Boardley in Ethics. A hitman hired by Rab to do away with the tramp who is conning him. Appears to have made his career choice by reasons of enjoyment rather than necessity, as when Rab asks him to desist from the murder but keep the money he responds "keep the money, I'll just dae the malky anyway!" In response, Rab hits him over the head with a bin lid (trashcan cover), and he falls into the river, sinking from sight; this prompts Rab to say "An' I always thought shite floated."

"Mambo". Portrayed by Kevin Bridges. Seen living in a lift after he is kicked out of his house for keeping a dolphin in a bathtub. The dolphin had bit his hand off so he decided to get a dog (a Jack Russell). Jamesie pays him 50p to watch his bed which he was planning to give to an immigrant living in a flat but, when he comes back, Mambo and the bed and all of his possessions he had in the lift are gone. He is last seen by Ella coming down the street with the bed.

"The Heebie Jeebie". Voiced by Russell Hunter in Drink. Is a pink elephant that only Rab can see (Cotter can see it at the end of the episode). It tries to convince him not to give up drinking.

"Chingford Steel". Portrayed by Richard E. Grant. The government minister for work whom Mary takes hostage and was made to dress up like Rab and make a ransom video in Scottish accent. He was later freed.

Ratings
(*) Asterisk indicates overnight figure.

Home releases
The first five series were initially released on VHS in the 1990s, with each series being split into two parts, with three episodes on each video. "Seasonal Greet" and "Fitba" were each released on separate VHS volumes. A "best of" compilation was also released on VHS. DVD releases of the series began in July 2004, with John Williams productions issuing series one through five on DVD, with "Seasonal Greet" available on a separate DVD volume, and "Fitba" and "Home" being released together on a separate DVD volume. A complete box set of series one through five was later released, including "Fitba" and "Home" but omitting "Seasonal Greet". 2|Entertain then purchased the rights to the series, releasing series six through eight on separate DVD volumes, and all together as one DVD box set, on 15 October 2007. 2|Entertain released "Clean" on DVD three days after its initial airing on TV. In 2009, a complete box set of series one through eight and all subsequent specials was released, making "More" available on DVD for the first time ever. DVDs of series nine and ten were subsequently issued in 2010 and 2011 respectively, leaving the 2014 special the only episode yet to be released on DVD.

Influence
Johnny Depp based his Glaswegian accent for the role of Tarrant Hightopp, The Mad Hatter in the 2010 film Alice in Wonderland, on Rab C Nesbitt's.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Rab C. Nesbitt


text:
Constitutional Union (Morocco)

The Constitutional Union (الاتحاد الدستوري; ; Union constitutionelle) is a political party in Morocco aligned with the ruling monarchy. The party has a history of cooperating with two other parties with a liberal orientation, the National Rally of Independents and the Popular Movement, since 1993.

History
The grouping was founded by then Prime Minister Maati Bouabid in 1983 and favoured by King Hassan II. In the 1984 parliamentary election, it won the greatest number of seats, but remained far from an absolute majority. Later it became an ordinary party without a special role in Morocco's multi-party system.

The party is a full member of Liberal International, which it joined at the latter's Dakar Congress in 2003. Its electoral symbol is a horse.

In the parliamentary election held on 27 September 2002, the party won 16 out of 325 seats. In the next parliamentary election, held on 7 September 2007, the party won 27 out of 325 seats. The party won 23 out of 325 seats in the parliamentary election held in November 2011, being the seventh party in the parliament.

title: Constitutional Union (Morocco)


text:
Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Judaism/Archive 3

What do Jews mean by divine inspiration
What do you (or the article) mean by "divine"? It certainly can't mean written by G-d or prophets, since all Orthodox Jews accept that the Mishna and Talmud were written by men, and that no new prophets were created after the destruction of the First Temple. And what is meant by "infallible"? Given that these works present all sorts of disagreements, they can't all be right, so I don't see what "infallible" means in this context. And since they additionally contain all sorts of emendations and edits or "girsahs", obviously the people making these emendations did not consider them infallible. The Mishna is often compared with Baraitas and Toseftas; is the Mishna "more" infallible than the other sources of Mishnaic law? Is the Talmud Bavli more "divine" than the Yerushalmi? Jayjg 17:56, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I am happy to answer your questions. One needs to know Jewish theology on the origin of the Bible and Mishnah. You should also know that Orthodox Jews do not accept that the Mishna and Talmud were written by men alone, nor that no new prophets were created after the destruction of the First Temple. Rather, Orthodox Jews believe that the Mishna and Talmud were written by men under divine inspiration, from the Ruach HaKodesh (Holy Spirit). Similarly, Orthodox Jews do not believe that the non-Torah books of the Bible were "written by men" alone. Rather, they believe that the books of the rest of the Bible were written by men ''under divine inspiration, from the Ruach HaKodesh (Holy Spirit). As quotes from a consensus statement in the Soc.Culture.Jewish FAQ:

 * The first five books (Pentateuch, Chumash) were dictated by G-d to Moses, while Moses was in a conscious and aware state.
 * The N'viim (the Prophetic writings) were transmitted by G-d to the prophets by various means (such as by a dream or vision) and transcribed by the prophet in his (or her) own style and wording. G-d communicated with all prophets (except Moses) through dreams or visions. These writings are considered a level "below" that of Moses. Specific laws are not derived from the Prophets, except through examples of how a mitzvah was actually performed. There were many more prophets in the history of Israel than are recorded in the Neviim. See Section 12.11 "Who were the prophets?"
 * The K'Tuvim (Sacred Writings) were the result of "Ruach HaKodesh" (roughly: "Divine Inspiration"), which is one level below "prophecy". Visions from the writings are more mystical and may be complete allegory. Unlike prophecy, they do not have to come true.

Contrary to popular belief, Orthodox Jews do not teach that all prophecy ended after the destruction of the Temple. They only make such simple statements in their "Introduction to Judaism" books; in Orthodox Jewish works that discuss the issue more fully, they state that some lower forms of prophecy still exist. The Talmud only teaches that the most direct forms of prophecy no longer occur. However, classical Judaism affirms that other less direct forms of prophecy still occur. One example of this is the 'bat kol'. [e.g. Tosefta Sota 13:3, Talmud Yerushalmi Sota 24b, and Talmud Bavli Sota 48b] RK

 * RK, this says nothing about the Mishna and Talmud. Jayjg 21:03, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Jayjg, please re-read. You missed the long section I just added on the Mishnah and the Talmud! Keep on scrolling down; its right there! RK

 * Read and responded. Jayjg 23:03, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Nor did I say that "all prophecy ended after the destruction of the Temple." Rather, I said that Orthodox Judaism teaches that "no new prophets were created after the destruction of the First Temple."  And, in fact, that is the case. I choose my words quite carefully. Jayjg 21:03, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I think you missed my point. Classical Judaism does teach that prophecy and prophets still existed...but not the exact same kind of projecy and prophets. See below for the discussions I have recently added. (And note that, by definition, it is impossible to have prophecy without prophets! A prophet is someone who received the experience of prophecy.)  Don't get caught up in the semantics. Orthodox Jews do not refer to the rabbis of the Mishnah as "prophets". Instead, they refer to them as "rabbis who were writing under the influence of the Ruach HaKodesh", and things like that. And it is this which we are talking about. RK

 * Classical Judaism believes there are different levels of interaction with G-d, and that the higher level known as prophecy no longer exists. Calling Ruach HaKodesh "prophecy" is incorrect, since something said based on Ruach HaKodesh may not be true or come true (as your own references have pointed out). This negates the "infallible" claim. Jayjg 23:03, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, acording to you and me this would negate any such claim. But as Rabbi Emanuel Rackman writes in the Encyclopedia Judaica (see the recently added quote) many Orthodox Jews view the Mishnah and Talmud in a sacred light, and will not admit that there are any errors in it. They somehow manage to see things differently. When I flew to Israel in late 1990 I sat with Hasidim who - based on the Talmud - believed that the Sun orbited around the Earth. They were under the impression that the Talmudic point of view was somehow verified by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. In their (overly simplified and thus mistaken) understanding of his theory, all position in space is relative, and thus A orbiting B is equivalent to B orbiting A. That's not what Einstein meant, but the point is clear. RK

The Talmud notes that each time a Jew studies the Torah or its rabbinic commentaries, God is revealed anew; there is still a link between the God and the Jewish people. The Talmud in fact declares that rabbinic interpretation is superior to the biblical forms of prophecy.
 * Rabbi Abdimi of Haifa said: Since the day when the Temple was destroyed, the prophetic gift was taken away from the prophets and given to the Sages [Rabbis]. - Is a Sage not also a prophet? What Rabbi Abdimi meant to say was this: Although prophecy has been taken from the Prophets, prophecy has not been taken from the Sages. Amemar said "A Sage is even superior to a Prophet, as it says "And a Prophet has the heart of Wisdom" (Psalms 90:21) Who is usually compared with whom? Is not the smaller compared with the greater? [Talmud Bavli, Bava Batra 12A]

Hillel taught that all Jews still receive ruach ha'kodesh, the Holy Spirit, which is an indirect form of prophecy. In the tosefta (Pesah 4:2) this is stated outright, while in later rabbinic literature {Talmud Yerushalmi Shabbat 17a and Pesach 33a, Talmud Bavli 66b) his statement is that the Jewish people, if not prophets, are at least the bene nevi'im, the sons of prophets. Although not widely known, many Jews believed that the more direct forms of prophecy still existed as late as the middle ages; a few medieval rabbis in this era were thought to be prophets by some, including Rabbeinu Tam. This is discussed by Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel in his book "Prophetic Inspiration After the Prophets: Maimonides and Others" (Ktav). RK

 * Right, Ruach HaKodesh is still believed to exist, and there's even a Rabbi in the Talmud who states that the Sages are "superior" to the Prophets. But getting back to the original question, even though the Sages, or perhaps all Jews (if we believe Hillel), may have Ruach HaKodesh, what part of Orthodox Jewish thought indicates that the Mishna and Talmud themselves, as works, are "divine"? Jayjg 21:03, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * For those following the topic, see the quotes below as reply: RK

Traditional and Orthodox views of the Mishnah and Talmud
Orthodox Jews do not claim that the Mishnah and Talmud are direct quotations from God; however they do hold that they were written and transmitted under divine inspiration. Their views are just as valid as anyone else's views, and thus should be mentioned. Such views could help illuminate are present articles on fundamentalism, Orthodox Judaism, the Mishnah, Talmud, etc. For example: RK

 * See "The Chumash: The Stone Edition", published by Mesorah, one of their Artscroll books. (This is sometimes referred to as the Artscroll chumash). Their introduction states that the oral is just as authentic part of the divinely inspired Jewish tradition as the five books of Moses. They go so far as to state that anyone who doubts its holy status is a "blasphamer" (p.xxv)

 * See Aryeh Kaplan's "Maimonides' Principles: The Fundamentals of Jewish Faith", which is accepted as a mainstream Orthodox point of view by a wide variety of Orthodox rabbis.
 * Maimonides, Mishneh Torah Mamrim: [The Sanhedrin], the great court in Jerusalem, is the basis of the Oral Torah. It stood as the pillar of Law, and from it laws and judgements emanated to all Israel. The Torah assures us [of this court's authority] when it says (Deut. 17:11) "You shall abide by the Torah according to how they teach it to you." This in itself is a commandment of the Torah. Everyone who believes in the Torah must therefore accpet this court's authority and depend on it regarding all matters concerning our religion....One who doe believe in the Oral Torah...is counted as a heretic (Apikores.) If one openly denies the authenticity of the Oral Torah, he in the same category as all other heretics...But this does not include the children of those who goastray of their descendants.

 * Judah Halevi, in his Kuzari, iii 67, states that no human being could have written such a work of literary excellence without God's divine assistance.

 * "Rabbi Sherira ben Hanina, Gaon of the Pumpeditha academy during the second half of the 10th century...[wrote a letter to the Jews of Kairawan.] The Gaon Sherira declares in his responsum that the entire Talmudic material in its complete bulk was an ancient tradition and that all Rabbi Judah the Prince did was to rearrange the material and clarify it. The essence of his answer is that the total material constituted an unbroken tradition going back to antiquity, and that all the various men whom we might think of as authors were not that at all, but merely interpreters and transmitters of this ancient tradition. While explaining this basic principle, namely, that the Oral Law as found in the Mishna, Talmud and their accopanying books, is virtually of equal antiquity with the Written Law and therefore of equal authenticity, he also lists the rabbis of the various generations who worked, expounded and transmitted this ancient oral material." (Quoted from A Treasury of Responsa, Solomon Frehof, JPS, 1962, chapter 1: The History of Tradition) Note: Jayjg, the actual entire responsa is included in a book I have, and I could type it in if you would like to read it. RK

 * Many Orthodox rabbis I have spoken with have stated that the precise formulation of words in the Mishnah is due to the human component of the equation; the wording is human. But, in their view, the laws and principles described therein came directly from a verbal revelation to Moses on Mount Sinai. If you go to a Jewish bookstore and check out books on Jewish theology by Orthodox authors, you will see such statements in a wide variety of works. RK

 * The following is from the Encyclopedia Judaica:
 * Oral law, the authoritative interpretation of the Written Law (Torah, which is the text of the Pentateuch) which was regarded as given to Moses on Sinai, and therefore coexistent with the Written Law. This view of the Oral Law was a fundamental principle of the rabbis. The Written and Oral Laws constitute together "two that are one." "It is related that a certain man stood before Shammai and said 'Rabbi, How many Torahs have you?' The rabbi replied 'Two—one written and one oral'" (ARN1 15, 61; cf. Sif. Deut. 351). There is a strong and close bond between the Written Law and the Oral Law, and neither can exist without the other—both from the dogmatic point of view and from that of historical reality....It can thus be regarded as a historical fact that the Oral Law existed not merely from the moment the Written Law was given (and in this sense it is correct to say that the Written and Oral Laws were given together to Moses at Sinai), but it may even be maintained that the Oral Law anticipated the Written Law, as the Written Law not only assumes the observance of the Oral Law in the future, but is in effect based on its previous existence. Since the written law relies—by allusion or by its silence—on statutes, customs, and basic laws not explicitly mentioned in it (marriage, divorce, business; see above), theses statues are ipso facto converted into a part of the Oral Law. {This section of the article was written by Moshe David Herr, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and gives the Orthodox point of view. It is followed by a section giving the Reform and Conservative points of view. RK}

 * The following is from the Encyclopedia Judaica:
 * Orthodox Judaism, Developments in Modern Orthodoxy'
 * With regard to parts of the Bible other than the Pentateuch, some hold that all of them were written because of the Holy Spirit; others are more critical and do not dogmatize with regard to their authorship, accuracy of texts, dates of composition, or literal interpretation. Some extend the doctrine of the inviolability of the Torah to all the sacred writings including the Talmud and the Midrashim and do not permit rejection even of any of the most contradictory legends or maxims. Others are "reductionists" and restrict the notion of inviolability to the Five Books of Moses. (This section of the article was written by Rabbi Emanuel Rackman, Chancellor, Bar Ilan University, member of the Orthodox Rabbinical Council of America.)

 * Right, the Oral Torah is itself considered to be of divine origin. But who considers the works of Mishna and Talmud themselves to be infallible?  This is the question.  You point out that Orthodox Rabbis believe the words themselves come from men.  In fact, your description of the relationship of Orthodox Judaism to the Mishna and Talmud is almost exactly the position of the Conservative movement towards the Tanach, and yet you consider the Conservative movement to be "anti-fundamentalist" in philosophy.  This is exactly where we get to the "what may be termed a fundamentalist way" hand waving arguments. Jayjg 21:34, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I agree with you that we need to be precise in our wording, and need to distinguish between (for instance) Orthodox and Consercative views on this issue. The above material is all from a classical rabbinic or Orthodox Jewish point of view. I haven't yet added Conservative views on this issue. I will try and clarify the differences.

 * (A) Most Orthodox Jews believe that although the specific wording is from men, the content comes directly from God at Mount Sinai. That is why many Orthodox rabbis consider it "blasphemy" to deny that the laws in the oral law come directly from God. In this view, the original laws of the oral law were actually quoted to Moses on Mount Sinai, just like I am writing words to you. While the exact wording has not been transmitted (in some classical views, it has not been transmitted exactly on purpose) the general form, rules and content has been transmitted.

 * (B) In contrast, most Conservative Jews believe that both the specific wording is from men, and the rules and content are from men. Most Conservative Jewish views of revelation hold that although God is real, and can reveal himself to man, the result of such divine revelation is not specific laws that can be quoted; for theological reasons, most Conservative Jews reject the idea that God and man can communicate in such ways. How specifically do most C Jews view revelation? I just added a lot of specific quotes on this topic to Talk:Conservative Judaism. (It also includes one Reform Jewish POV, although other Reform views exist as well.) RK

 * I was taught (by an LOR) that the Oral Torah was of Divine Nature, and that the Oral Torah was contained in the Mishna & Talmud. Because the Oral Law is said to be in the Mishna and Talmud, they are at least partly holy because of it. That's what I was taught anyways.--Josiah 22:45, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Removing Orthodox Judaism from "Fundamentalism"
With all due respect, the term "fundamentalist" remains a highly charged pejorative as it is associated with present-day Terrorism in most rational people's minds, and it is a blight and stain on the good name of any segment of Orthodox Judaism to be associated with that ugly word. Peace Now is no less a fundamentalism movement than anything "Orthodox". I put forth a motion that (certainly as self-respecting Jews) all efforts be made to extract the Orthodox Judaism paragraph from the fundamentalism article ASAP as it is an unambiguous anti-Semitic slur. IZAK 07:21, 15 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I wouldn't call it anti-Semitic, but I'm not too impressed with its inclusion either. As far as I can see, the article basically says "Orthodox Judaism is different from other fundamentalist groups in all these ways, but it's still fundamentalist." Jayjg 16:36, 15 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Orthodox Judaism is fundamentalist, and this is the basic difference between it and all the other Jewish denominations. Tos ay anything less would be Orthodox apologetics to hide this highly significant difference. Further, it is not an ugly word. We cannot rewrite all of Wikipedia to appease the fears of people who don't understand what the word means. Our job is to educate...not to rewrite the dictionary in order to appease fundamentalist Jews, Christians or Muslims. And please remember that this has nothing to do with Orthodox Judaism. Wikipedia is not an Orthodox Jewish publication. We also have articles on all religions, and use the term "fundamentalist" there as well. All of the Orthodox POVs here aboput not using this word have already been seen here on Wikipedia from fundamentalist Christians and fundamentalist Muslims. And all have been rejected. We need to follow the same policy for all topics; we can't have special exception for the adherents of one religion. RK

12:30, Jul 16, 2004 (UTC)

 * I understand that you believe Orthodox Judaism is fundamentalist, but if it's true the article needs to explain why that is so. So far it seems to mostly contain handwaving of the "fundamentalists are Scriptural literalists, Orthodox Judaism is not Scripturally literalist, but it's still fundamentalist" kind. Jayjg 15:15, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * (A) It is not a matter of anyone's belief. Given what religious scholars use this word to mean, it is true by definition. (B) In any case, the valid point you raise is a different point from that raised by Izak. On this point I totally agree with you.I think it would a very good idea to clearly explain what we do mean by this word, and to counter mis-nderstanding, to explaimn what we do not mean by this word. RK 13:28, Jul 17, 2004 (UTC)

 * We may be agreeing here, but to re-iterate, if the word applies, then it should be explained exactly how it applies. Assertions are not proofs. Jayjg 00:27, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I am in agreement with you. RK

The word "fundamentalism" is defined by Webster's as meaning "a movement or attitude stressing strict and literal adherence to a set of basic principles". Regardless of whether you view Orthodoxy as a "movement", by that definition Orthodoxy is fundamentalist. And, for the record, I would also say that Karaite Judaism could be labeled as such also.--Josiah 06:09, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * That is a rather monolithic view of Orthodoxy. Read Rabbis Kook, Soloveitchik, Hoffmann, Weinberg, or a huge host of more recent writers.  Do they or the deep inner tensions that their writings reflect meet a simplistic application of Webster's definition?  (Even if some of their students do!)  Wouldn't a serious Conservative Jew meet the same test?  Or an ideological secular Zionist?  By throwing around the bombastic term "fundamentalism" all you really achieve is to say that certain people and communities are more ideological than others.  There are much better ways to describe this.Dovi 03:42, Jul 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * Um, we Wikipedians are not using the dictionary definition of the word for this topic. In fact, we do not use the dictionary definition of a term alone for any topic. In fact, one should never use a dictionary alone to help us write an article. When a person wants to contribute to an article that deals with a topic, that person should have at least read on encyclopedia article on the topic (not a tiny dictionary definition); better yet, someone should have read a few books or journals on the topic. Its not that I disagree with your analysis of the limits of that one dictionary definition (we in fact are in agreement); its that your discussion is a red herring. It has nothing to do with how scholars of religion use the term in the real world, or how we have always used it in our many Wikipedia articles on religion. RK 17:43, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * "fundamentalist" is generally only associated with terrorism when involving Muslims.--Josiah 06:09, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Maybe some people in the general public believe that, but that is not correct. Most Muslims are fundamentalist, yet most Muslims are not terrorist. Our job is to get people to read the articles and become educated. RK 12:30, Jul 16, 2004 (UTC)

As above, I agree with JFW that the term is heavily loaded (and this particular case I also agree with IZAK that it is commonly viewed as prejorative). It would be beneficial to use more careful, nuanced terms.Dovi 03:42, Jul 20, 2004 (UTC)

 * Please see my summary above of the mess that is currently in the Judaism section of the fundamentalism article. Jayjg 15:23, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text:
Popular Movement (Morocco)

The Popular Movement (الحركة الشعبية; Mouvement populaire) is a royalist and traditionalist rural-focused political party in Morocco. It is a member of Liberal International. The party has a history of cooperating with two other parties with a liberal orientation, the National Rally of Independents and the Constitutional Union, since 1993.

History
The Popular Movement was founded in 1957 by the Berber tribal chief Mahjoubi Aherdane with help from Abdelkrim al-Khatib who founded later a splinter party (Mouvement populaire démocratique et constitutionnel) that became the Justice and Development Party. It was initially a rural party with conservative and tribal orientation, that unconditionally supported the monarchy and aimed at countering nationalist Istiqlal Party. Although the party has been dominated by Berber speakers, it has not developed a distinct Berber agenda.

The present party results from a 25 March 2006 merger between the main party which had kept the original name and two splinter parties, the National Popular Movement (Mouvement National Populaire) and the Democratic Union (Union démocratique).

The party is a full member of Liberal International, which it joined at the latter's Dakar Congress in 2003.

In the parliamentary election held on 27 September 2002, the party won 27 out of the total 325 seats. It improved its standing in the parliamentary election held on 7 September 2007, winning 41 out of 325 seats.

The party won 32 out of 325 seats in the parliamentary election held in November 2011, being the sixth party in the parliament.

Moroccan Parliament

 * Notes
 * In 1963, the MP run under the FDIC.

title: Popular Movement (Morocco)


text:
List of Porridge characters

Porridge is a British sitcom, starring Ronnie Barker and Richard Beckinsale, written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais, and broadcast on BBC1 from 1974 to 1977. The programme ran for three series and two Christmas specials, and was followed by a feature film of the same name (in the United States, the film was released under the title Doing Time).

The sitcom focuses on two prison inmates, Norman Stanley Fletcher (played by Barker) and Lennie Godber (played by Beckinsale), who are serving time at the fictional HMP Slade in Cumberland.

Several characters from Porridge reappear in the sequel series Going Straight (1978) and in the 2003 spoof documentary Life Beyond the Box: Norman Stanley Fletcher. The 2016 sequel series of Porridge has a different cast of characters, although Nigel Norman Fletcher in the 2016 series is the grandson of Norman Stanley Fletcher in the original series.

Mr Barrowclough
Henry Barrowclough is a prison officer portrayed by Brian Wilde. Unlike Mr Mackay, whose harsh and confrontational methods he disapproves of (though he dare not make this known to Mr Mackay), Barrowclough is a timid, sympathetic man who firmly believes that the role of prison is to rehabilitate rather than punish. He does not share Mackay's tough military background, having done his National Service in Royal Air Force stores in the comfortable surroundings of Singapore.

Mr Barrowclough does not seem to be cut out for the life of a prison warder, and he says in the movie version whilst in conversation with a new officer that Slade prison (the officer's club at least) is a "miserable place" and that the only reason he stays is that it keeps him away from being at home with his wife. Fletcher and the other prisoners constantly abuse his leniency to acquire more pleasant jobs, cells or special privileges. They also know how to forge his signature. However, despite this, the prisoners do hold a great deal of fondness for Barrowclough. At one point, in an attempt to raise his prestige due to the vicious nature of Mr. Wainwright, the temporary replacement for Mr Mackay, they stage a riot, refusing to stop for even the harshest of threats, including Wainwright himself. But when, on Fletch's suggestion, Barrowclough is called into the hall, they fall silent as he nervously enters, and do not hesitate in obeying his rather timid requests, such as, "Now, why don't you all put those things down...?" and, "In the meantime, why don't we all file back to our cells in a nice, orderly fashion...?"

However nervous his job makes Mr Barrowclough, it is nothing compared to the fear he has of his oft-mentioned but never seen wife, Alice. It is partly because of Fletcher's advice on dealing with his wife that Barrowclough is especially accommodating when dealing with his requests and misdemeanours. Fletcher once described him as looking like "Arthur Askey on stilts".

Ingrid Fletcher
Ingrid Rita Godber (née Fletcher) was played by Patricia Brake. Ingrid is Fletch's eldest child (allegedly conceived against Karl Marx's tomb). She often visited her father in Slade Prison, oblivious to her appeal to the other inmates, much to her father's despair. It was on one of these trips that she met Fletch's cellmate Godber. Upon Godber's release the two met up, and by the time Fletch was released, three years later, the two were engaged. They were married in the final episode of Going Straight and are seen to be still married 25 years later in the spoof documentary, Life Beyond the Box: Norman Stanley Fletcher, with one son.

Norman Stanley Fletcher
Norman Stanley Fletcher was played by Ronnie Barker. Known as "Fletch", he is the main character in the series and shares a cell with Lennie Godber. A habitual criminal from north London, Fletch has previously served several terms of imprisonment.

Lennie Godber
Leonard Arthur "Lennie" Godber was played by Richard Beckinsale. Godber is from Birmingham, supports Aston Villa, has an O Level in geography, and studies for a history O Level while in prison. Before he was arrested he shared a flat with his girlfriend Denise in nearby Smethwick. In an effort to get her a gift, Godber broke into a neighbour's flat. He was caught, and it was for this that he was sentenced to two years' imprisonment. Denise later broke up with Godber through a Dear John letter.

Godber often came into conflict with the ever suspicious Mr Mackay, who appeared to find it very hard to believe that Lennie was not up to something. Even when he was, MacKay found it very hard to pin anything on him, thanks to Godber's penchant for dramatics, and occasionally to the cover-up efforts of Fletch and the sympathetic Mr Barrowclough. Godber works in the prison kitchen where he has ample opportunities to steal valuable commodities, such as butter and pineapple chunks, which Fletcher is fond of. Godber also briefly took up a career as a boxer in the prison, although this was short-lived when he became involved in match fixing.

Godber appears in all but four episodes of Porridge. He is absent from the pilot ("Prisoner and Escort") series 1 episodes "Ways and Means" and "Men Without Women", and series 2's "No Peace for the Wicked". In the sequel Going Straight, Godber is engaged to Fletcher's daughter Ingrid, having met her whilst she was on a prison visit. In the final episode, they get married. In the 2003 mockumentary Life Beyond the Box: Norman Stanley Fletcher, they are still married, and have a son. Richard Beckinsale died in 1979, so Godber's absence from the mockumentary is explained by a phone call to his wife saying he was stuck in traffic.

Harry Grout

"Genial" Harry Grout, also referred to as 'Grouty', is feared by all prisoners. His schemes include running a drugs ring funded by the doctor's office and fixing boxing matches. If crossed, Grouty has little hesitation in setting one of his various heavies on those who displease him. Grouty also arranges things such as prison breaks, as seen in the Christmas special "No Way Out," in which the major plot involves his trying to arrange a breakout plan, with much help from an unwilling Fletcher.

In the 2003 mockumentary Life Beyond The Box: Norman Stanley Fletcher, it is revealed that after being released from prison Grouty continued running his "business empire" (although he insisted it was now straight, and no one could prove otherwise), and also became a "celebrity criminal", in a similar manner to Frankie Fraser and The Krays. He died of a heart attack, but just before he died, he told Fletcher where his stash was hidden. Fletcher is seen laying a memorial wreath at his funeral which simply says "Nerk".

Cyril Heslop
Cyril Heslop was played by Brian Glover. Heslop is prominent in Season 1 of the show and was briefly Fletcher's cellmate. He was also one of the three new arrivals, along with Fletcher and Godber, into Slade Prison in the first episode of the series, having been given three years for breaking and entering. Heslop is quite dim and slow-witted, once being described by Mr. Mackay as "thick as two short planks."

This is also demonstrated in the fact that he is always several minutes behind every conversation, such as laughing at jokes made some time earlier or making remarks to or asking questions about a subject that was talked about many minutes ago, when the conversation has moved on. Heslop is also known among the prison inmates for his interesting anecdotes, many of which relate to events which took place "at the wife's sister's in Sidcup", which he launches into at random moments, with every inmate present ending their conversation to listen to him. It is mentioned in his first appearance his birthday was on 1 April, which Fletcher considers to be "quite fitting" for him.

Lukewarm
Lukewarm was played by Christopher Biggins. Lukewarm is a rotund young man with a calm and personable demeanour, who originates from the Midlands (though during the series, and in Going Straight he is said to be from Middlesbrough). The circumstances that brought him to be in prison are unknown, although in one episode – the Porridge Christmas Special, "No Way Out" – he relieved Mr Barrowclough of his watch in a manner strongly suggestive of a pickpocket. He is openly gay, and his partner Trevor is a watch repairer from Southport; Trevor appears in the episode "Men Without Women". Lukewarm shared a cell with the elderly Blanco, over whom he would fuss a lot, especially when Blanco was due to face the parole board. Blanco did concede that, for all his fussing, Lukewarm did keep the cell nice and clean. Lukewarm is often seen knitting.

Although he is a trusted friend and confidant of Fletcher's, he seldom becomes directly involved in his schemes, preferring instead to spend his association time observing the latest goings-on whilst busying himself with his latest knitting projects. He works in the kitchens alongside Godber and is an enthusiastic if notoriously untalented cook, although it was said that he did make good pasties. Lukewarm was released three months prior to Fletcher in Going Straight. Fletcher mentions to McLaren that he received a letter from Lukewarm, stating his case is coming up after he was accused of stealing a woman's handbag, which he claimed was his own. In the mockumentary "Life Beyond The Box: Norman Stanley Fletcher", his real name is revealed as being Timothy Underwood, although in "Just Desserts" he appears to be addressed by a warder as Lewis. It is stated that he is now married to Trevor and living in Denmark.

Jim McLaren
Jim "Jock" McLaren is played by Tony Osoba. McLaren, who claims to have been adopted, is a black man from Greenock, Scotland. This led to a string of racist abuse when he first arrived at Slade Prison. Fletcher, in reference to his Scottish upbringing, frequently calls him "Jock". Upon arrival, he was an angry young man, and it was left up to Fletcher to calm him down and to curb the abuse he received. A keen football player, he was soon turning out every Saturday afternoon for the inter-wing football matches. He supports Greenock Morton. Along with Godber and Warren, McLaren is a regular conspirator with Fletcher. He is the last of their circle to be released, and Fletcher is seen bidding him farewell in the first episode of Going Straight. In "Life Beyond The Box: Norman Stanley Fletcher", McLaren is a member of the Scottish Parliament.

"Bunny" Warren
"Bunny" Warren is played by Sam Kelly. Warren is a close friend of Fletcher, Godber and McLaren, and frequently joins in with schemes of theirs. Warren is dyslexic, and Fletcher and Godber frequently remark about his low intellect. Warren is very self-aware of his dyslexia, and sometimes states his desire to learn new things.

Warren was imprisoned for burglary, after he was apparently caught due to his inability to read a sign saying "Warning: burglar alarm".

Mr Mackay
Mr Mackay is played by Fulton Mackay. Mackay is a tough prison warder whose constant obsession in life is to catch Fletcher out. Mackay has the authority to make decisions affecting the entire wing, such as banning Christmas celebrations in the episode "No Way Out", so is presumably the wing's custodial manager. Fletch's sly tactics in misdeeds ranging from fixing boxing matches, stealing pills from the prison doctor and eggs from the prison farmyard right through to finding new and imaginative ways to stick two fingers up at Mackay and get away with it, were specially designed to get up Mackay's nose. In return, Mackay's frenzied attempts to catch Fletch out, when fruitful, gave Mackay a level of smugness and satisfaction which was only accentuated by Fletch's hostility and skulking.

Born into a poor family, Mackay went on to be a drill sergeant (though in Going Straight this is changed to Warrant Officer Class 2) in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, and ran a boarding house in Peebles with his wife, Marie, before joining the prison service. Mackay's temper is agitated by the constant suspicion he has of Fletcher, and his despair at the leniency of his optimistic, mild-mannered, kind-hearted colleague Mr Barrowclough. Mackay's homeland of Scotland serves as a constant source of entertainment for Fletcher, who is always on the lookout for an opportunity to antagonise Mackay. In one episode Mackay asks Fletcher whether he felt he was working class. Fletcher responds, "I did, until I visited Glasgow. Now I think I'm middle class."

Mackay appears in the first episode of Going Straight, where it is revealed he has left Slade Prison after reaching the compulsory retirement age for prison officers. He shares the same train as Fletcher and the two end up crossing paths. Though they are initially hostile to each other when Fletcher realises that he has retired, Fletcher later inadvertently saves Mackay from accidentally getting involved in a criminal operation and framed. Mackay subsequently parts ways with Fletcher on better terms, and shakes his hand for the first and final time.

Medals
During the series Mackay regularly wore his army service ribbons on his uniform. During the run of the series he wore the General Service Medal 1918–1962, the Korea Medal, and the UN Korea Medal. For the film this was inexplicably expanded to an additional row containing the 1939–1945 Star, the Defence Medal, the War Medal 1939–1945, and lastly the Jubilee Medal, 1977, which was awarded on the 25th anniversary of Elizabeth II's rule.

Harris
Harris is a prisoner played by Ronald Lacey. A middle-aged Teddy Boy with a fish face and ginger hair, Harris – much like "Horrible" Ives – is loathed by warders and prisoners alike. His sly manner, cowardice, and utter lack of integrity – accompanied by an insistently oleaginous manner – irritates even the easy-going, lukewarm and emollient Mr Barrowclough. Harris is a thief (an activity taboo inside prison) and a cheat, and bullies anyone whom he deems to be weaker than he is. However, he in turn is dominated by all those above him, such as Harry Grout, Mr Mackay and Fletcher.

He was arrested following a botched attempt to steal an elderly lady's handbag, as she had hidden a brick in it, and she succeeded in pinning Harris down until the police arrived.

With the arrival of Judge Rawley at Slade, Harris is relegated to the job of mucking out and feeding the pigs on the prison farm. Later, he, McLaren and another inmate attack Judge Rawley, but are stopped by Fletcher. Harris is then accused of stealing Judge Rawley's watch, and Fletcher decides to hold a kangaroo court with Rawley as the judge, Fletcher as the prosecutor and Warren as the defence counsel. However, because Fletcher insisted on a proper enquiry, Rawley has no option but to clear Harris. Harris returns Rawley's watch, but with the mechanism removed.

"Horrible" Ives
Bernard "Horrible" Ives is a prisoner serving time in Slade for committing fraud. He was played by Ken Jones. Ives is a creep, a cheat and a snitch, universally loathed by the other inmates of Slade Prison. He originated from Liverpool. Almost all his spoken sentences begin with the words "'ere listen". Fletcher once commented "Ives is such a loser that if Elizabeth Taylor had triplets, he'd have been the one in the middle, on the bottle."

Ives is interviewed in the 2003 mockumentary Life Beyond the Box: Norman Stanley Fletcher. While most of the ex-prisoners interviewed are shown to have gone straight, Ives is shown collecting for a fake charity.

Blanco Webb
Blanco Webb is played by David Jason. An elderly inmate, Blanco first appears in the episode "No Peace for the Wicked" where he helps Fletcher steal some Jaffa Cakes. He features heavily in the episode "Happy Release" where he and Fletcher are in adjacent beds in the prison hospital, Fletcher having broken his foot and Blanco having been diagnosed with a "tired heart". Also in the hospital is Norris (played by Colin Farrell) — considered "scum" even by the other inmates — who had managed to con Blanco out of his only possessions: an antique silver snuff box, a Japanese wireless radio, and a musical box that played "Waltzing Matilda" when opened. Fletcher manages to reacquire Blanco's possessions with Godber's help, and manages to get Norris, newly released, re-arrested after only one day by tricking him into trying to dig for "treasure" underneath Leeds United's Elland Road pitch.

Throughout his lengthy prison sentence, Blanco continued to profess his innocence, and when parole was granted (in the episode "Pardon Me") he refused, preferring the prospect of dying in prison to that of admitting guilt. When he is finally granted a pardon, Fletcher warns him not to seek revenge on the person who really killed his wife. Blanco responds by telling Fletcher

"No. I know 'im wot did it. It were the wife's lover. But don't worry, I shan't go round searching for him, 'e died years ago. That I do know. It were me that killed him!."

This however conflicts with the episode "No Peace for the Wicked", where it is implied that he was jailed for an armed robbery on a wages van. Despite Blanco being an elderly character, actor David Jason was in his mid-30s when he played him.

title: List of Porridge characters


text:
Talk:Des Moines, Iowa

"amateur historian"
Someone appears to have edited in the views of "amateur historian" Jim Fay. While we should assume good faith that this someone was not amateur historian Jim Fay itself, that still leaves the question of whether an amateur historian is any different from "random man with an unsubstantiated opinion". Is there some reason why his opinion might be considered important enough to be included with such prominence?212.183.140.58 (talk) 22:49, 11 June 2013 (UTC)
 * Your edit looks like a good move to me. What even defines an "amateur historian" anyway? C T F 8 3 !  10:09, 12 June 2013 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:33, 5 September 2020 (UTC)
 * View from the Pappajohn Sculpture Park.jpg

Location coordinates
Is there a reason why the location coordinates do not show up in the upper right-hand corner of the article, like they do in most articles on cities? I checked the source code, and it looks like the info is in there "coordinates", but the coordinates are not showing up. Thanks. Mr. Anonymous. 67.176.65.45 (talk) 19:15, 15 November 2021 (UTC)

slipknot
isn’t slipknot from here? 2603:7080:C00:CA54:6943:1EB6:A3D3:78B2 (talk) 01:00, 19 August 2022 (UTC)

 * yes
 * Snarevox (talk) 21:59, 17 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Des Moines, Iowa


text:
Loyal

Loyal may refer to:

 * Loyalty

Music

 * Loyal (album), by Dave Dobbyn, 1988
 * "Loyal" (Dave Dobbyn song)
 * The Loyal, an album by Tiger Lou, 2005
 * "Loyal" (Chris Brown song), 2013
 * "Loyal" (PartyNextDoor song), 2019
 * "Loyal", a song by Major Lazer from Major Lazer Essentials
 * "Loyal", by Paloma Faith from The Architect

Places

 * Loyal, Oklahoma, US
 * Loyal, Wisconsin, US
 * Loyal (town), Wisconsin, US
 * Ben Loyal, a mountain in Sutherland, Scotland, UK

Other uses

 * Loyal (Lower Canada), opponents of the Patriotes during the Lower Canada Rebellion in 1837 and 1838
 * Ragamuffin 100, formerly Loyal, a racing yacht

title: Loyal


text:
User talk:Metaquasi

Ha, Jonas! Skön du är, tjattar med mig på wikipedia! Jobbigt det med datan, eller bra? Kul att du kom iväg till Arvikat! Quite

title: User talk:Metaquasi


text:
Tucano

Tucano may refer to:
 * Tucano people, indigenous people of Brazil and Colombia
 * The Tucano language of Brazil and Colombia, part of the Tucanoan family of languages
 * Embraer EMB 312 Tucano, a Brazilian turboprop training aircraft
 * Short Tucano – licence-built version for the Royal Air Force
 * Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano – upgraded version
 * Flying Legend Tucano Replica, an Italian light-sport aircraft
 * Flylab Tucano, an Italian ultralight aircraft
 * The Portuguese name for the toucan
 * A member or supporter of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party
 * Tucano, Brazil, a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil.
 * Tucanos, Restaurant, a growing Brazilian based restaurant in various locations of the United States.

title: Tucano


text:
Sylvia Daoust

Sylvia Daoust, CM, CQ RCA (May 24, 1902 – July 19, 2004) was a Canadian sculptor who was one of the first female sculptors in Quebec. She studied at the Council of Arts & Manufactures and the École des Beaux-Arts, with Charles Maillard and Maurice Feliz, and later with Edwin Holgate at the Art Association of Montreal.

She won many notable prizes for her work, which has been exhibited in institutions in the United States, Italy, and Canada. She is known for her portrait sculptures, and for revitalizing the traditions of liturgical art. Daoust was also one of the original members of the organization Le Retable d’Art Sacre, a group that helped transform the state of Roman Catholic churches in French Canada. Daoust died in Montreal in 2004 at the age of 102.

Life and education
Daoust was born on May 24, 1902, in Montreal, Quebec, the eldest of seven children. From an early age she began drawing, sketching, painting and also sculpting clay figurines. The figurines caught the eye of the Sisters of St. Anne, who encouraged her to enroll at the École des Beaux-Arts de Québec.

In 1915, she began studying at the Conseil des arts et manufactures with Joseph Franchère, Joseph Saint-Charles and John Young Johnstone. In 1923, Daoust enrolled in the École des beaux arts, which had just recently opened. In 1927, she graduated with a specialized teaching degree in drawing. In 1929, Daoust won the Lord Willingdon Competition, the first-place prize in an inter-provincial competition for sculpture and in the same year received a scholarship to study in France from the province of Québec She studied in France with Henri Charlier. She returned home in 1930, teaching drawing, anatomy, modeling, and sculpting at the École des Beaux-Arts in Québec City until 1943. Daoust then moved back to Montreal to be a professor of wood and stone sculpting at the Montreal School of Fine Arts (1943–1968).

After her death in 2004, she was buried in the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal.

Work
The majority of Daoust's works are religious in content and form. They have been described as a combination of the formal characteristics of modernism with the austerity of sculpture of the Middle Ages.

While she did extensive work in the classroom, 1948 marked the beginning her career in modernist art alongside fellow artist and peer, Paul-Émile Borduas. During the early 1940s movement of sacred art, she became acquainted with Dom Bello, the architect of Saint Benedict Abbey in Saint-Benoit-du-Lac, Québec. She put aside her pursuit of modernist art and delved into scared art. Dom Bellot was in charge of Saint Joseph's Oratory and she worked with his guidance there and in collaboration with Henri Charlier. Her transition into sacred art was marked by the production of approximately thirty wooden statues to which she added colour accents and experimented with different materials such as aluminum and leather. She participated in over twenty exhibits and collectives, although much of her work was not displayed in art galleries.

Daoust was one of the original founding members of Le Retable d’Art Sacre, an organization that advocated and promoted the standards of religious art within the Roman Catholic churches in Québec. She continued to sculpt into her 90s, and her last works were for the chapel of the Holy Cross Fathers in Montreal.

Collections and awards
Daoust's works are in the collection of the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, and the National Gallery of Canada, among others.

Her public sculptures include the bronze of Nicolas Viel adorning the façade of the Quebec Legislature (National Assembly), Mary Queen of the World at Montreal's Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral and a statue of Édouard Montpetit at the Université de Montréal.

In 1942, she won the first prize for Our Lady of Montreal, in the competition held on the occasion of the Third Centenary of the Founding Nationale de St. Jean Baptiste. In 1951, she was named to the Royal Canadian Academy of Art and in 1961 she was awarded the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada's Allied Arts Award. In 1975, Daoust won the Philippe Hébert Prize by the St. Jean Baptiste Society. In 1976, she was made a member of the Order of Canada and honoured in 1987 as a chevalier of the Ordre national du Québec.

Honours

 * Allied Arts Medal, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, 1961.
 * Royal Society of Canada
 * Order of Canada, 1976
 * Ordre national du Québec
 * Royal Canadian Academy of Arts

Images and galleries

 * Sculpture: Marie Queen of the World.

Information

 * Eulogy from Le Devoir.
 * Biography from the Eleanor Milne album on the governmental
 * Canada's digital collections website.
 * Biography and criticism from the
 * Canadian Sculpture: Coming of Age project.
 * Ordre National du Québec citation

title: Sylvia Daoust


text:
Snort (software)

Snort is a free open source network intrusion detection system (IDS) and intrusion prevention system (IPS) created in 1998 by Martin Roesch, founder and former CTO of Sourcefire. Snort is now developed by Cisco, which purchased Sourcefire in 2013.

In 2009, Snort entered InfoWorld's Open Source Hall of Fame as one of the "greatest [pieces of] open source software of all time".

Uses
Snort's open-source network-based intrusion detection/prevention system (IDS/IPS) has the ability to perform real-time traffic analysis and packet logging on Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Snort performs protocol analysis, content searching and matching.

The program can also be used to detect probes or attacks, including, but not limited to, operating system fingerprinting attempts, semantic URL attacks, buffer overflows, server message block probes, and stealth port scans.

Snort can be configured in three main modes: 1. sniffer, 2. packet logger, and 3. network intrusion detection.

Sniffer Mode
The program will read network packets and display them on the console.

Packet Logger Mode
In packet logger mode, the program will log packets to the disk.

Network Intrusion Detection System Mode
In intrusion detection mode, the program will monitor network traffic and analyze it against a rule set defined by the user. The program will then perform a specific action based on what has been identified.

Third-party tools
There are several third-party tools interfacing Snort for administration, reporting, performance and log analysis:
 * Snorby – a GPLv3 Ruby on Rails application
 * BASE
 * Sguil (free)

title: Snort (software)


text: Category:Elections in Morocco

title: Category:Elections in Morocco


text:
Bug Juice

Bug Juice is a Disney Channel reality television series that premiered on February 28, 1998. The series focuses around 20 kids and their experiences at summer camp. Together, the kids work hard to excel in their activities and become friends. The phrase bug juice is a camping slang term for a very sweet juice drink made from powdered mixes, such as Kool-Aid, which are often served at summer camps.

On August 4, 2017, Disney Channel announced a revival series based on the original, titled Bug Juice: My Adventures at Camp, which premiered on July 16, 2018.

Season 1
The first season takes place in Waterford, Maine, at Camp Waziyatah, which has been in operation since 1922. The camp is broken down into two sessions. Each session is four weeks. Season 1 premiered on February 28, 1998.

 * Camp Counselors: Peanut, Rhett Bachner (Grove 4), Morgan Will (Grove 4), Luna Hammond (Hill 4), Annie Doig (Hill 4), Gregory Weiss is the Candyman.
 * Grove 4 (Session 1): Andrew Johnson, Asa Korsen, Connor Shaw, Everett Boyle, Andy White, Hassan A. Omar, Jon Adler, Jason Wool, Malik Sollas
 * Grove 4 (Session 2): Andrew Johnson, Asa Korsen, Hassan A Omar, Jon Adler, Malik Sollas, Max Brallier, Andy Freed, Justin Simon, Patrick Milhaupt
 * Hill 4 (Session 1): Alison Harding, Caitlin Welby, Lauren Plumley, Martha, Mary Elizabeth Bradley, Megan Tarr, Sarai Abdullah Fife, LaKisha Barksdale, Jenny, Stephanie Etkin
 * Hill 4 (Session 2): Caitlin Welby, Sarai Abdullah Fife, LaKisha Barksdale, Stephanie Etkin, Annie Friedman, Cammie Delany, Sarah Ceglarski, Molly McGuinness, Anna Korsen

Season 2
Season 2 takes place in Horse Shoe, North Carolina, at Camp Highlander. The camp is broken down into three sessions. It premiered on March 5, 2000.

Male counselors for Cabin 28 are Andrew Cohen and Andrew Foti. Female counselors for Cabin 6 are Amanda Peryln, Nikki K, Tiffany Lydon, and Ali Baske.

Female campers in Session A include Libby, Maryanne, Sarah, Jenny, Alex, Simana, Annette, Nikki, Samantha, and Michaela. In Session B, Annette and Samantha are joined by Hilary, Michelle, Kelly, Kim, Jennifer, Michelle, Baylor, and Jessica. In Session C, Kim, Jennifer, Baylor, and Jessica are joined by Jess, Gaby, Dalit, Danielle, Alanna, and Jasmyne.

Male campers in Session A include Steven, Kevin, Sam, Alvan, Jared, Austin, Ricky, Brendan, Alex, Chasen. In Session B, Steven, Alvan, Ricky, and Chasen are joined by Josh, Stefan, Hunter, Farb, Tyler, and Conor. In Session C, Steven, Ricky, Josh, Hunter, and Farb are joined by Michael, Marcellus, Brandon, Brendan, and Kevin.

Season 3
Season three takes place in Tererro, New Mexico, at Brush Ranch Camp. The camp is broken down into two four-week sessions. The season began airing on June 3, 2001.

Male campers in Rustlers include JJ (aka Shade), Lee, Alex Hurlbutt, Brendon, Josh, Bryan, Todd, Houston, Alex J., and Jordan in Session 1. Session 2 includes Jake, Aaron, Brendon, Sam, Bryan, Terrance, Will, Mike, Josh, and Carl.

Female campers in Indian Creek include Eve La Fountain, Jen, Hallie, Reid, Kelly, Amanda Bustamante, Ali C., Kristen, Megan, and Ali B. in Session 1. Session 2 includes Alana, Carrie, Hallie, Alex, Kelly, Amanda Bustamante, Leela, Sarah, Megan, Ellie, and Kiersten.

Development and production
The series' co-creator Douglas Ross thought that summer camp would be the "perfect setting for a reality-based program geared for 9 to 12-year-olds." Ross, a former camper himself, pitched the idea to the Disney Channel and the then head of programming and production Rich Ross. He was given the green light to create the series without a pilot episode. The location, Camp Waziyatah, was decided a few months before the 1997 camp season started. The producers conducted about 100 phone interviews and 60 home visits before selecting 27 campers. Four camp counselors were chosen from both the camp's existing group and 350 members of the public in response to an open call on the Internet. The first season was filmed for 56 days straight by three film crews. The boys' and girls' cabins had all male and all female crews, led by directors Donald Bull and Laura Zucco respectively. Over 1,000 hours was shot by two directors, two cameras, and two sound operators.

On July 15, 1999, Disney ordered a second season; it premiered on March 5, 2000. In June 2000, production began on a third season which was announced on July 12; it began airing on June 3, 2001.

Season 1 (1998)

 * 1) "Camp Waziyatah" (February 28, 1998)
 * 2) "Getting to Know You" (February 28, 1998)
 * 3) "To Clique... Or Not to Clique" (March 8, 1998)
 * 4) "Adventure Bound: Bushwacked" (March 15, 1998)
 * 5) "Molecules Colliding" (March 22, 1998)
 * 6) "Boys-to-Men Talent Show" (March 29, 1998)
 * 7) "Face the Fire: Unity Campfire" (May 3, 1998)
 * 8) "Aftershocks" (May 3, 1998)
 * 9) "No Pain, No Gain" (May 3, 1998)
 * 10) "Nice Guys Finish First" (May 3, 1998)
 * 11) "Goodbye, Session One" (May 10, 1998)
 * 12) "Ch, Ch, Changes" (May 31, 1998)
 * 13) "Turn, Turn, Turn" (June 7, 1998)
 * 14) "When the Boys Go Away, Girls Will Play" (June 14, 1998)
 * 15) "We Shall Overcome" (June 21, 1998)
 * 16) "Tough Love" (June 28, 1998)
 * 17) "Flirting with Disaster: Co-Ed Canoe Trip" (June 28, 1998)
 * 18) "So Long, Farewell" (June 28, 1998)
 * 19) "Goodbye Wazi"
 * 20) "Waziyatah Scrapbook"

Season 3 (2001)

 * 1) "Welcome to Brush Ranch Camp" (June 3, 2001)
 * 2) "It's Bedtime"
 * 3) "Sorry"
 * 4) "JJ's Revenge"
 * 5) "Let's Eat"
 * 6) "Choices and Consequences"
 * 7) "Bad Thing"
 * 8) "It's Hot"
 * 9) "Let's Read"
 * 10) "No More Bug Juice"
 * 11) "DJ Shade Saves the Dance"
 * 12) "It's Rock N' Roll Time"
 * 13) "Saves The Princess"
 * 14) "I Give Up"
 * 15) "Airplanes"
 * 16) "Singing"
 * 17) "Valentines Day
 * 18) "Monkey See Monkey Do"
 * 19) "Gettin' Dirty"
 * 20) "End of Brush Ranch" (October 15, 2001)

Broadcast
The show premiered on Disney Channel in 1998, and ran for three seasons ending in 2001. Bug Juice was subsequently pulled from the schedule and was not aired again until the summer of 2004, during which episodes from the first season ran nightly in chronological order. The last episode of Bug Juice aired August 20, 2004, and it has not been shown since.

During the summer of 2006, Disney began posting mini episodes on its website, encouraging viewers of the Disney Channel to log on and view 5-minute short clips from episodes of the first season.

Bug Juice was also broadcast in the UK on Channel 4's The Bigger Breakfast.

Revival
On August 4, 2017, Disney Channel announced that they would revive the series. The first season of the revival will take place at Camp Waziyatah, the same location of the first season of the original series. The new series, given the title Bug Juice: My Adventures at Camp, premiered on July 16, 2018.

title: Bug Juice


text: Category:Elections in Mozambique

title: Category:Elections in Mozambique


text:
Bug juice

Bug juice may refer to:

 * Bug Juice, a Disney Channel reality series (1998–2001)
 * Bug Juice: My Adventures at Camp, a revival of the Disney Channel series (2018)
 * A brand of American fruit-flavored water drink similar to Tum-E Yummies.
 * The slang term for super-sweet juice drinks made with artificially flavored powder such as Kool-Aid that are often served at summer camps
 * United States Marine Corps slang for insect repellent
 * Slang for moonshine or other forms of alcohol

title: Bug juice


text:
Air cadets

Air cadets may refer to:

 * Members of the British Air Training Corps
 * Members of the RAF section of the Combined Cadet Force
 * Members of the Australian Air Force Cadets
 * Members of the Belgian Air Cadets
 * Members of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets
 * Members of the New Zealand Air Training Corps, New Zealand Cadet Forces
 * Cadets at the United States Air Force Academy or in Air Force Reserve Officers Training Corps
 * Cadet Members of the Civil Air Patrol, the US Air Force Auxiliary
 * Members of the Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps

title: Air cadets