text:
List of 2000 Canadian incumbents

Crown

 * Head of State - Queen Elizabeth II

Federal government

 * Governor General - Adrienne Clarkson

Cabinet

 * Prime Minister - Jean Chrétien
 * Deputy Prime Minister - Herb Gray
 * Minister of Finance - Paul Martin
 * Minister of Foreign Affairs - Lloyd Axworthy then John Manley
 * Minister of National Defence - Art Eggleton
 * Minister of Health - Allan Rock
 * Minister of Industry - John Manley then Brian Tobin
 * Minister of Heritage - Sheila Copps
 * Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs - Stéphane Dion
 * Minister of the Environment - David Anderson
 * Minister of Justice - Anne McLellan
 * Minister of Transport - David Collenette
 * Minister of Citizenship and Immigration - Elinor Caplan
 * Minister of Fisheries and Oceans - Herb Dhaliwal
 * Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food - Lyle Vanclief
 * Minister of Public Works and Government Services - Alfonso Gagliano
 * Minister of Human Resources Development - Jane Stewart
 * Minister of Natural Resources - Ralph Goodale

Members of Parliament
See: 36th Canadian parliament, 37th Canadian parliament

Party leaders

 * Liberal Party of Canada - Jean Chrétien
 * Reform Party of Canada (dissolved March 25) - Preston Manning
 * Canadian Alliance (formed March 27) - Deborah Grey (interim) then Stockwell Day
 * Bloc Québécois - Gilles Duceppe
 * New Democratic Party- Alexa McDonough
 * Progressive Conservative Party of Canada - Joe Clark

Supreme Court Justices

 * Chief Justice: Antonio Lamer then Beverley McLachlin
 * Frank Iacobucci
 * John C. Major
 * Michel Bastarache
 * William Ian Corneil Binnie
 * Louise Arbour
 * Louis LeBel (appointed to replace Lamer)
 * Claire L'Heureux-Dubé
 * Charles D. Gonthier

Other

 * Speaker of the House of Commons - Gilbert Parent
 * Governor of the Bank of Canada - Gordon Thiessen
 * Chief of the Defence Staff - General Maurice Baril

Premiers

 * Premier of Alberta - Ralph Klein
 * Premier of British Columbia - Dan Miller then Ujjal Dosanjh
 * Premier of Manitoba - Gary Doer
 * Premier of New Brunswick - Bernard Lord
 * Premier of Newfoundland - Brian Tobin then Beaton Tulk
 * Premier of Nova Scotia - John Hamm
 * Premier of Ontario - Mike Harris
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island - Pat Binns
 * Premier of Quebec - Lucien Bouchard
 * Premier of Saskatchewan - Roy Romanow
 * Premier of the Northwest Territories - James Antoine then Stephen Kakfwi
 * Premier of Nunavut - Paul Okalik
 * Premier of Yukon - Piers McDonald then Pat Duncan

Lieutenant-governors

 * Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta - Bud Olson then Lois Hole
 * Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia - Garde Gardom
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba - Peter Liba
 * Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick - Marilyn Trenholme Counsell
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador - Arthur Maxwell House
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia - James Kinley then Myra Freeman
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario - Hilary Weston
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Prince Edward Island - Gilbert Clements
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec - Lise Thibault
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan - Jack Wiebe then Lynda Haverstock

Mayors

 * Toronto - Mel Lastman
 * Montreal - Pierre Bourque
 * Vancouver - Philip Owen
 * Ottawa - Jim Watson
 * Victoria - Alan Lowe

Religious leaders

 * Roman Catholic Bishop of Quebec - Archbishop Maurice Couture
 * Roman Catholic Bishop of Montreal - Cardinal Archbishop Jean-Claude Turcotte
 * Roman Catholic Bishops of London - Bishop John Michael Sherlock
 * Moderator of the United Church of Canada - Bill Phipps then Marion Pardy

title: List of 2000 Canadian incumbents


text:
Embraer R-99

The Embraer R-99 is the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) military designation of the EMB-145-RS. Various models of the aircraft have been produced to perform special mission duties, including the E99 for airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) missions, the R-99 for remote sensing, and the P-99 for maritime patrol.

Development of the R-99 began during the 1990s in response to a FAB requirement for an airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) platform, as well for the export market. The airframe is based on the ERJ 145 civil regional jet and modified with specialised mission equipment based on the mission role desired. It is typically powered by a pair of Rolls-Royce AE1 3007 turbofan engines; the military versions provide 20% more thrust than the civil version. The maiden flight of the R-99 took place in 1999; it entered operational service with the FAB two years later.

Export customers for the type include the Hellenic Air Force, Mexican Air Force, and the Indian Air Force. Some customers have opted to buy the airframe and separately outfit it with their own electronics packages. It has been deployed in response to various events, including the Shining Path hostage crisis, the loss of Air France Flight 447, the 2011 military intervention in Libya, and the SIVAM program. During the 2010s, the FAB opted to modernise their R-99 fleet, not only extending its service life but also giving it new capabilities, such as a longer effective radar range and datalink facilities. Embraer has proposed new variants of the type, such as the armed P-99 anti-submarine warfare (ASW), which is to be capable of using both torpedoes and anti-ship missiles.

Variants
The R-99A/E-99/EMB 145 AEW&C is an airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) aircraft, equipped with the Erieye active electronically scanned array radar from Saab Microwave Systems. During the aircraft's development, particular attention was paid to market interest as well the specific requirements of the Brazilian Air Force (FAB). The FAB have claimed that R-99 has 95% of the capability of larger AEW&C aircraft which are in service in the air forces of other nations. During 2008, the FAB redesignated the R-99A as the E-99, the factory name for the Embraer EMB-145SA (Surveillance Aircraft), a special military conversion of the passenger version of the Embraer ERJ-145LR.

The R-99B/R-99/EMB 145 MULTI INTEL is a remote sensing aircraft. It employs a synthetic aperture radar, combination electro-optical and FLIR systems as well as a multi-spectral scanner. The aircraft also possesses signal intelligence and C3I capabilities. During 2008, the FAB redesignated the R-99B as the R-99, for the Embraer EMB-145RS (Remote Sensing), a special military conversion of the passenger version of the Embraer ERJ-145LR.

The EMB 145 MP is the maritime patrol version of the EMB-145. It shares much of the same sensor suite as the R-99B, but most visibly, lacks the multi-spectral scanner and the side-looking radar. It retains many of the C3I and ELINT capabilities of the EMB-145-RS. Mexico was the launch customer for this variant.

The P-99 would be the anti-submarine warfare (ASW) modification of the EMB 145 MP and would have four underwing hardpoints, which could be mounted with a variety of torpedoes and/or anti-ship missiles. No prototype with those modifications was ever flown.

During June 2019, it was announced that Embraer had partnered with the Israeli defense electronics company Elta Systems to develop the P600 AEW, which will be initially based on the Embraer Praetor 600 super-midsize business jet. In December 2020, an Embraer spokesperson stated that the P600 AEW system is likely to eventually replace the E-99 AEW; however, the Brazilian Air Force has currently committed itself to the moderization of its existing E-99 fleet, thus it is likely that the E-99M will be in service for a long time, while there were no orders placed for the P600.

Operational history
During September 2003, a Brazilian R-99 was deployed on request of Peruvian authorities to locate the site where 71 hostages were being kept by the armed group Shining Path. The aircraft detected the origin of VHF signals, and thus aided the Peruvian authorities in the recovery of the hostages.

On 1 June 2009, a R-99 was deployed on the search for the missing Air France Flight 447. The fact is reported as the first real mission of a Brazilian R-99 on maritime search. The R-99 synthetic-aperture radar allowed to locate — even at night and under bad weather conditions — aircraft's debris and victims bodies 800 km away from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Various pieces of debris from the lost Airbus A330-200, the largest being the empennage and a galley, were located by the R-99.

During early 2011, a Greek EMB-145-H was deployed to perform AEW missions as part of the 2011 military intervention in Libya, specifically in the enforcement of a no-fly zone over Libya, in response to the Libyan Civil War.

The Indian Air Force has procured an initial three aircraft, which have been outfitted in India with an AESA radar array developed by the Electronics and Radar Development Establishment along with a datalink, identification friend or foe (IFF), radar warning receiver (RWR), and other systems. The first aircraft was delivered from Brazil on 16 August 2012 while the second followed in December 2012. The Air Force has the option to purchase another seven aircraft. Following a long "technology absorption" process, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) has been selected as the Engineering and Life Support Agency (ELSA) for India's DRDO's (Defence Research and Development Organisation) EMB-145i AEW&C mission systems, while Embraer will be responsible for supporting the aircraft. The platform is in service with No. 200 Squadron IAF, based at Bathinda AFS.

In Brazilian service, the E-99 and R-99 are based in Anapolis AFB. Five E-99s and three R-99s are operated by the Brazilian Air Force as part of the SIVAM program. Starting in 2013, these E-99s have undergone a modernization program that involved the updating of all onboard electronics, including a new Erieye-ER (extended range) radar, the same used on GlobalEye Detection range increased from 450 km to 723 km in the E99M version. The range of targets that can be detected ranges from vessels and large aircraft to watercraft, rubber dinghies and vehicles, as well as hovering helicopters. The first E-99M ("M" stands for modernized) was handed over to Brazilian Air Force on 27 November 2020.

During 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Hellenic EMB-145H's flew several daily combat missions, monitoring NATO allied airspace over Romania and Bulgaria while covering part of the Black Sea.

Operators

 * Brazilian Air Force – 5 E-99s (undergoing modernization to E-99M, first delivery of which expected in the first half of 2020),   3 R-99s. On 27 November 2020, the FAB received the first modernized E-99 in a ceremony held at the Embraer facility in Gavião Peixoto (São Paulo, Brazil)
 * Hellenic Air Force – 4 EMB-145-H (HAF designation is "Erieye EMB-145H AEW&C")
 * Mexican Air Force – 1 EMB-145-SA (FAM designation EMB-145AEW&C), 2 EMB-145-MP
 * Indian Air Force – Platform Only - 3 EMB-145-I were fitted with an Indian-developed AESA radar array along with other apparatus. Operated as DRDO Netra AEW&CS with an additional 12 planned.
 * Mexican Air Force – 1 EMB-145-SA (FAM designation EMB-145AEW&C), 2 EMB-145-MP
 * Indian Air Force – Platform Only - 3 EMB-145-I were fitted with an Indian-developed AESA radar array along with other apparatus. Operated as DRDO Netra AEW&CS with an additional 12 planned.
 * Indian Air Force – Platform Only - 3 EMB-145-I were fitted with an Indian-developed AESA radar array along with other apparatus. Operated as DRDO Netra AEW&CS with an additional 12 planned.
 * Indian Air Force – Platform Only - 3 EMB-145-I were fitted with an Indian-developed AESA radar array along with other apparatus. Operated as DRDO Netra AEW&CS with an additional 12 planned.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Embraer R-99


text: User talk:139.60.220.180

title: User talk:139.60.220.180


text:
User talk:Zarutian

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
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 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Hæ
Gaman að heyra í þér, einmitt ekki margir hérna, ég er nú ekki jafn virkur hérna og ég var áður (er aðallega að dunda mér við að skrifa MediaWiki hugbúnaðin sem heldur víst þessari alfræðiorðabók saman) en ef ég geri einhverjar rassíur hérna er það aðallega á íslensku útgáfunni (sem vantar b.t.w. heimspeki og tölvuöryggisgreinar svona ef þú hefur áhuga:) —Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason 23:48, 2005 Jun 24 (UTC)

"(We don't need EVERY detail about his family tree, okay?)"
Hello Zarutian: I am almost in an editing war regarding an article [that I did not write] about Einar H. Kvaran. The last edit came with the comment "(We don't need EVERY detail about his family tree, okay?)" I figured that if every Icelander on wikipedia suggested that in fact we do need every detail - or at least a lot of them - then perhaps this person would back off a bit. If you go to the article and look at the history you will pick up the thread. Carptrash 17:33, 6 September 2005 (UTC) PS I just added myself to the Icelandic wikipedians list as being associated with Iceland, as oppoesed to living there. You might want to consider it.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_in_Iceland

Clan Lord
Yep, I used to be Eek, the zo, many years ago (about 4 i might say?). Still one of my fondest Mac memories. :) JoeSmack [[User talk:JoeSmack|(talk)]] 02:29, 20 November 2005 (UTC)

WikiProject Iceland
Maybe you are interested in this project... --Michkalas 14:33, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Re: Delta Tao
I deleted Delta Tao under WP:CSD: it was a broken redirect. It redirected to Delta Tao Software, which was deleted by another administrator. Cheers. --MZMcBride (talk) 04:17, 3 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I thought it was in the policy of deleting pages to also delete all redirects to it to prevent fubars such as this one Zarutian (talk) 00:23, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

March 2008
"Please stop if you continue to prevent deletionists from getting on with their way you might be banned." Paraphrasement of what Jaysweet (talk) said 15:36, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

Oh lovely --Zarutian (talk) 15:44, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't make the rules any more than you do. It baffles my mind that people show up to a website with millions of users and well-established rules, and when they realize they don't like the rules, instead of finding a different website that they like, they instead think they can dictate the rules for the existing website. Blows my mind.  Anyway, if you continue to place inappropriate speedy-delete tags on articles, you will end up getting blocked.  That is reality, my friend.  If you don't like it, I don't know what to tell you. --Jaysweet (talk) 15:54, 10 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I have been an, imo, pretty good contributer to Wikipedia before these, imnho, asine policies were put in place by, imnho, busybodies --Zarutian (talk) 15:56, 10 March 2008 (UTC)

 * What is the point of maintaing article here on Wikipedia if they are just going to be deleted? Zarutian (talk) 00:11, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

This'll be your only warning. Stop add csd templates without reason. Don't disrupt the wiki just to prove a point.

Delta Tao Software
I've restored the history of this article per your request at deletion review. The history at the redirect, Delta Tao, was trivial and had no useful info so I haven't bothered to restore it. Let me know if I can be of further assistance - happy editing! ~ mazca  talk 20:49, 6 August 2009 (UTC)

New message
Hi, I was trying to figure out how to email you, but seem to be at a loss. Either way, I would like your help in giving me advice in how to fend off a deletion tag on my article. I wrote an article called Canvass for a Cause, its a local community based activism group that fights for LGBT rights. As a gay man, I authored this article because this is am issue important to me. I tried my best to provide references to prohibit its deletion, but it appears I have flagged the watchful eye of some speedy deletion advocates. I noticed you are a conservationist, and wondered if I might solicit your advice in this matter. I realize that this might not be the proper venue, so feel free to email me at tres@treswatson.com if you have nay advice for me. Thank you for your time Xyxyboy (talk) 04:44, 28 March 2010 (UTC)

Astrotite
Has been temp-undeleted now, and added to the AfD. Pcap ping  04:57, 26 April 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zarutian


text:
Talk:Sarah Baartman

Images, Sara Baartman
Hi there Please revisit the images that are used on the wiki site for Sara Baartman. The text includes a very strong critique of the display and representation of Baartman's body, yet the images that currently accompany the text simply reinscribe the original harm. Diana Ferrus, whose poem was, as you note, instrumental in the return of Sara Baartman's bones and who took an active role in her reburial, would be happy to discuss this with you. There is a wiki page for Ferrus. Many thanks FROSSUCT (talk) 08:37, 10 September 2021 (UTC)Fiona Ross
 * At least two of those are caricatures contrasting with and ridiculing the grotescs of short kilted scotsmen and overweight politicians thus proving at least some unease with the display.  At the same time, can we undo the "original harm"? If not, we cannot but reinscribe it in words or pictures as a reminder and warning. Ol hogger (talk) 09:53, 10 September 2021 (UTC)

 * Additional images need to be added to this article. The reality is many people don’t even read the lead paragraph when they visit Wikipedia, they only look at the pictures. The only representative imagery of these women are racist caricatures. An unfortunate takeaway for readers skimming the page. Additional photos need to be added to offset this. And perhaps the current selection could be thinned(?) 3 cartoons seems redundant. I think one could be removed, leaving the two cartoons that provide the best food for thought. When choosing images and written content, we cannot lose sight of the goal of Wikipedia – Creating content that is useful to general readers from all walks of life with varying degrees of education; from those writing a thesis or dissertation, to younger students working on basic writing assignments. These cartoons likely go right over the head of many people who look at them even after reading the information attached to, or contained within, the cartoons. At the very least, a simple portrait of one of these women needs to be located and included on the page.

 * Thank you very much for alerting people that Diana Ferrus has a Wikipedia page.

Sexism
This section needs better separation between scientific interest, racist bias and perception of the "plain people". The header is misleading, since sexuality is but one amongst other presumed "proofs" of "primitiveness". We need citations, too. Ol hogger (talk) 09:34, 10 September 2021 (UTC)

Her birth name
Looking up "Sarah Baartman original name" on google gives some little articles on other websites that claim her birth name was "Ssehura" but give no source, seems like this was chosen by someone at one point to be a legit name which sounds the closest to Sarah which is why she got that name by the dutch, should that be mentioned or not? 138.255.51.3 (talk) 19:00, 27 February 2023 (UTC)

 * I looked up a bit further and it seems that this (https://doc.lagout.org/Others/Temple.University.-.Black.Venus.pdf, page 4 [9 in the pdf reader]) is where the "Ssehura" name originated or was at least propagated since some other small stuff from before it (2010) sometimes appear, the name Ssehura and D. Willis' work (above) is cited in this researchgate too https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345334092_Undoing_the_Hottentoting_of_the_Queen_of_Punt_A_Jamaican_Afronography_on_the_Kemetiu_Depiction_of_Ati_of_Punt
 * So i think it is possible to mention that her birth name might have been Ssehura 138.255.51.3 (talk) 20:22, 27 February 2023 (UTC)

Wiki Education assignment: History of Sexuality
— Assignment last updated by Rgxo (talk) 16:50, 20 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sarah Baartman


text:
Amirkabir University of Technology

Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT), also called the Tehran Polytechnic, is a public technological university located in Tehran, Iran. Founded in 1958, AUT is the oldest technical university established in Iran.

It is referred to as the 'Mother of Engineering Universities'. Acceptance to the university is competitive, entrance to undergraduate and graduate programs requires scoring among the top 1% of students in the Iranian University Entrance Exam, known as 'Konkour'

The university was founded in 1928 as a technical academy and was further transformed into a full-fledged university by Habib Nafisi in 1956. After that, it was extended and enlarged by Dr. Mohammad Ali Mojtahedi, during the Pahlavi dynasty. Named the Tehran Polytechnic, it initially offered five engineering degrees, namely; Electrical and Electronics, Mechanical, Textile, Chemistry, and Construction and Infrastructure. Six months before the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Tehran Polytechnic, was renamed after the Iranian prime minister Amir Kabir (1807–1852).

The university now has 18 science and engineering departments, dozens of research groups and laboratories, and three other affiliated centers, located in Garmsar, Bandar Abbas and Mahshahr. Around 13,400 students are enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs. AUT has more than 500 full-time academic faculty members and 550 administrative employees, giving it the highest staff-to-student ratio among the country's universities. The executive branch consists of four departments that receive participation from councils in planning and administering affairs.

AUT has signed agreements with international universities for research and educational collaboration. There is a joint program between AUT and the University of Birmingham.

AUT is one of the leading universities in E-Learning systems in Iran, which began its activities in 2004.

AUT is the pioneer of sustainable development in Iran and established the Office of Sustainability in 2011. The activities of this office contribute to the AUT campus by reducing energy consumption, costs, and emissions, and also provide student coursework, volunteer opportunities for students, as well as research and education academic activities on sustainable development.

History
The establishment and formation of the Amirkabir University of Technology dates back to October 1956 by Eng. Habib Nafisi (حبیب نفیسی). The core of the university was formed at that time under the name Tehran Polytechnic in order to expand the activities of two technical institutes: the Civil Engineering Institute and the Higher Art Center. After Habib Nafisi, the founder of Tehran polytechnic, Dr. Abedi, became the president of the university for a few months until Dr. Mohammad Ali Mojtahedi, the principal at the renowned Alborz High School, was appointed as president of the university early in 1963. Among the accomplishments of Dr. Mojtahedi is the construction of a central amphitheatre, a dining area and a sports ground as well as various faculty buildings.

The university has grown into a national center of science and engineering and its undergraduates number more than 7,000, with a further 6,400 graduate students. The university boasts 35 undergraduate majors, around 90 M.Sc. majors and 36 Ph.D. and post-doctoral programs.

Rankings and reputation
Amirkabir University has been consistently ranked as one of Iran's top universities. The 2011 QS World University Rankings ranked the university 301–350 in Engineering and Technology in the world. Iran's Ministry of Science, Research and Technology ranked AUT among the Top 3 high ranked universities in the country. In Webometrics Ranking of World Universities (2012), the university also ranks among the top three highest ranked universities in Iran. Computer Science, Polymer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering have the highest field rankings in Amirkabir University of Technology.

In the 2013 Shanghai Rankings Amirkabir University's Computer Science department ranked 100–150 among World Universities. In 2014, the Shanghai ranking placed Amirkabir University's Engineering Sciences 151–200 among World Universities. The Polymer Engineering Department of Amirkabir University of Technology is the first and most prestigious Polymer Engineering program in Iran. AUT also ranked first among Iranian universities in 2014 in the CWTS Leiden Ranking. In 2014, the U.S. News & World Report ranked Amirkabir University of Technology's Engineering Sciences 89 among world universities. Also, Computer Science of AUT ranked 90 among World Universities.

The 2021 edition of the QS World University Rankings placed Amirkabir University 477th in the world and second in Iran with an overall score of 24.8, behind only Sharif University of Technology which stood at 407th.

Tehran
The main campus of the Amirkabir University of Technology is in Tehran, Iran. It is located close to Vali Asr Crossroads, the intersection of Enghelab Street and Vali Asr Street, in the very center of Tehran City. Many students commute to AUT via the subway by Teatr-e Shahr Metro station.

Mahshahr
The Mahshar campus of AUT has been constructed in the province of Khouzestan in 2001 in order to establish close cooperation with the national company of petroleum industries.

Bandar Abbas
The Bandar Abbas campus of AUT has been established in the province of Hormozgan, which is the center of marine industries in Iran.

Garmsar
The Garmsar campus of AUT has been constructed in the province of Semnan in order to establish close cooperation and distance with the main campus in Tehran.

Library
The library and document center at AUT, the largest technical and engineering library in Iran's capital, is one of the richest academic libraries in the technical and engineering field in the region. The library includes a central library and 16 satellite libraries in Tehran and Bandar Abbas. The library houses about 5 million books.

Departments
AUT has 16 departments including 'management, science and technology', electrical engineering, biomedical engineering, polymer engineering, mathematics and computer science, chemical engineering, industrial engineering, civil and environmental engineering, physics and energy engineering, computer and information technology, mechanical engineering, mining and metallurgical engineering, textile engineering, petroleum engineering, ship engineering, and aerospace engineering. AUT has three educational sites in Garmsar, Bandar Abbas and Mahshahr.

Scientific associations
Scientific associations exist to help students transform themselves into contributing members of the professional community. Course work develops only one range of skills. Other skills needed to flourish professionally include effective communication and personal interactions, leadership experience, establishing a personal network of contacts, presenting scholarly work in professional meetings and journals, and outreach services to the campus and local communities.

University association websites are as:
 * Scientific Association of Physics

Presidents

 * Habib Nafisi (1958–1962)
 * Prof. Abedi (1962)
 * Prof. Mohammad Ali Mojtahedi (1962–1965)
 * Prof. Bina (1965–1967)
 * Prof. Yeganeh Haeri (1967–1969)
 * Prof. Mohammad-Jafar Jadd Babaei (1969–1972)
 * Prof. Kayvan Najmabadi (1972–1975)
 * Prof. Hossein Mahban (1975–1977)
 * Prof. Siroos Shafiei (1977–1978)
 * Prof. Miri (1978)
 * Prof. Mahdi (1978–1979)
 * Prof. Hasan Farid Alam (1979)
 * Prof. Kamaleddin Yadavar Nikravesh (1979–1981)
 * Prof. Hassan Rahimzadeh (1981–1982)
 * Prof. Aliakbar Ramezanianpour (1982)
 * Prof. Reza Hosseini Abardeh (1982–1983)
 * Prof. Mohammad Hossein Salimi Namin (1983–1996)
 * Prof. Alireza Rahai (1996–1997)
 * Prof. Abdolhamid Riazi (1997–2001)
 * Prof. Ahmad Fahimifar (2001–2005)
 * Prof. Alireza Rahai (2005–2014)
 * Prof. Ahmad Motamedi (2014–2021)
 * Prof. Hassan Ghodsipour (2021–2023)
 * Prof. Alireza Rahai (2023–present)

Research and innovation
The university is known as a pioneer in research and innovation in Iran. AUT is a public university, and the government of Iran partly provides its research funding. AUT has cooperation with industrial companies, especially in the oil and gas industries. As a result, many research projects in the university are funded by industrial companies.

The Amirkabir University of Technology was appointed as a Center of Excellence by Iran's Ministry of Science and Technology in the fields of Biomechanics, Power Systems, Radiocommunication systems (RACE) and Thermoelasticity.

The university houses a supercomputer which has a speed of 34,000 billion operations per second. The computer is available for both university affiliated as well as non-affiliated research.

Amirkabir Journal of Science and Technology is a scientific journal which publishes research achievements of academic and industrial researchers in all engineering and science areas.

The AUT Journal of Mathematics and Computing (AJMC) is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original articles, review articles and short communications in all areas of mathematics, statistics and computer sciences.

Research and Technology Center of AUT is an office which collaborates with industries and universities in order to improve research level in the university.

Science and technology

 * Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl, professor emeritus of civil engineering, University of California, Berkeley
 * Mohammad Reza Eslami, professor of mechanical engineering, one of the top 20 most cited scientists of Iran
 * Reza Iravani, professor of electrical engineering, University of Toronto
 * Mohammad Modarres, professor of mechanical and energy engineering, University of Maryland, College Park

Industry

 * Bahaedin Adab, co-founder of Karafarin Insurance Co. and Karafarin Bank, former deputy chairman of the board of director of the Industry Confederation of Iran, former chairman of the board of directors of the Syndicate of Construction Companies of Tehran
 * Hossein Hosseinkhani, Shareholder & Owner at Matrix, Inc., a world-leading biotech company dedicated to healthcare technology to improve patient's quality of life. New York City, US. Former chairman of the board of directors of the Pacific Stem Cells, Ltd.

Politics

 * Abbas Abdi, political activist
 * Bahaedin Adab, former member of parliament from Kurdistan (Sanandaj, Kamyaran, Divandareh), co-founder of the Kurdish United Front
 * Ali Afshari, political activist
 * Mohsen Mirdamadi, secretary general of Islamic Iran Participation Front, the largest reformist party in Iran
 * Mostafa Mirsalim, former minister of Islamic Culture and Guidance
 * Ahmad Motamedi, former minister of Communication and Information Technology
 * Mohammad Saiidi-Kia, former minister of Housing and Urban Development and former Director of Bonyad Mostazafan
 * Behzad Nabavi, former minister of industry and former deputy speaker of the Parliament of Iran
 * Majid Tavakoli, prominent Iranian student leader, human rights activist and political prisoner
 * Ahmad Vahidi, former minister of defense
 * Ezzatollah Zarghami, former president of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), Iran's television and radio organization
 * Farhad Nouri golpa, former president of students council, Screenplay writer, director

Other

 * Reza Khoshnazar, novelist
 * Mohammad Ali Mojtahedi, former dean of the university
 * Davood Mirbagheri, screenwriter and film director

News
Fars News Agency reports: "President of Iran's Amirkabir University of Technology Alireza Rahaei announced the country is preparing to put a new home-made satellite, called Nahid (Venus), into orbit in the next three months".

Cientifica reports in news item on Nanowerk, April 25, 2012: Iranian scientists are using lecithin to synthesize and bind silver nanoparticles more tightly to wool.

title: Amirkabir University of Technology


text: User talk:66.59.96.14

title: User talk:66.59.96.14


text:
Education in Indonesia

Education in Indonesia falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi or Kemdikbudristek) and the Ministry of Religious Affairs (Kementerian Agama or Kemenag). In Indonesia, all citizens must undertake twelve years of compulsory education which consists of six years at elementary level and three each at middle and high school levels. Islamic, Christian and Buddhist schools are under the responsibility of the Ministry of Religious Affairs.

Education is defined as a planned effort to establish a study environment and educational process so that the student may actively develop their own potential in religious and spiritual level, consciousness, personality, intelligence, behaviour and creativity to themselves, other citizens and the nation. The Constitution also notes that there are two types of education in Indonesia: formal and non-formal. Formal education is further divided into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary education.

Schools in Indonesia are run either by the government (negeri) or private sectors (swasta). Some private schools refer to themselves as "national plus schools" which means that their curriculum exceeds requirements set by the Ministry of Education, especially with the use of English as medium of instruction or having an international-based curriculum instead of the national one. In Indonesia there are approximately 170,000 primary schools, 40,000 junior-secondary schools and 26,000 high schools. 84 percent of these schools are under the Ministry of Education and Culture and the remaining 16 percent under the Ministry of Religious Affairs.

Islamic kingdoms period
The emergence of Islamic state in Indonesia is noted by the acculturation of Islamic and Hindu-Buddhist traditions. At this time, pondok pesantren, a type of Islamic boarding school was introduced and several of them were established. The location of pesantren is mostly faraway from the hustling crowd of the city, resembling the location of Karsyan.

Dutch colonial period
Elementary education was introduced by the Dutch in Indonesia during the colonial era. The Dutch education system are query strings of educational branches that were based on social status of the colony's population, with the best available institution reserved for the European population.

In 1870, with the growth of Dutch Ethical Policy formulated by Conrad Theodor van Deventer, some of these Dutch-founded schools opened the doors for pribumi (lit. native Indonesians). They were called Sekolah Rakjat (lit. folk school), the embryo of what is called Sekolah Dasar (lit. elementary school) today. In 1871 the Dutch parliament adopted a new education law that sought to uniform the highly scattered and diversified indigenous education systems across the archipelago, and expand the number of teacher training schools under the supervision of the colonial administration. The budget for public schooling was raised in steps from ca. 300,000 guilders in 1864 to roughly 3 million guilders by the early 1890s. Most often, however, the education development were starved of funding, because many Dutch politicians feared expanding education would eventually lead to anti-colonial sentiment. Funding for education only counted for 6% of the total expenditure of the colonial budget in the 1920s. The number of government and private primary schools for natives had increased to 3,108 and the libraries to 3,000 by 1930. However, spending sharply declined after the economic depression in 1930. The Dutch introduced a system of formal education for the local population of Indonesia, although this was restricted to certain privileged children. The schools for the European were modeled after the education system in Netherlands itself and required proficiency in Dutch. The Dutch language was also needed for higher education enrollment. The elite native/Chinese population who lack Dutch language skills could enroll in either Dutch Native or Chinese schools. The schools were arranged in the following levels:
 * ELS (Dutch: Europeesche Lagereschool lit. "European Low School") – primary school for Europeans
 * HSS (Dutch: Hollandsch-Schakelschool lit. "Dutch-Switch School")
 * HIS (Dutch: Hollandsch-Inlandscheschool lit. "Dutch-Native School") – primary school for natives
 * HCS (Dutch: Hollandsch-Chinescheschool lit. "Dutch-Chinese School") - primary school for Chinese
 * MULO (Dutch: Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs lit. "More Advanced Low Education") – middle school
 * AMS (Dutch: Algemene Middelbareschool lit. "General Middle School") – high school or college
 * HBS (Dutch: Hogere Burgerschool lit. "Higher Citizen School") – pre-university

For the population in rural areas, the Dutch created the Desa Schools or village schools system which aimed to spread literacy among the native population. These schools provide two or three years training of vernacular subjects (reading, writing, ciphering, hygiene, animals and plants, etc.) and served as cheaper alternative schools. These village schools, however, received much less funding than the privileged European schools, thus the quality of education provided is often lacking. Despite its flaws, the number of village schools reached 17,695 by 1930. The rest of the rural education were left to the work of Christian missionary, which are considered more cost-efficient.

The segregation between Dutch and Indonesian in education pushed several Indonesian figures to start educational institutions for local people. Arab Indonesians founded Jamiat Kheir in 1905, Ahmad Dahlan founded Muhammadiyah in November 1912, and Ki Hajar Dewantara founded Taman Siswa in July 1922 to emancipate the native population. Pesantrens (Islamic schools) were also mushrooming rapidly during this period.

During the colonial period there was a large gap between the educated male and female population. In 1920, on the island of Java and Madura out of the 6.5% literate male population, only 0.5% of the female native population are literate. Similar phenomenon can be observed on the 'Foreign Orientals' (Arabs and Chinese), with 26.5% literate male population and only 8.5% literate females out of the total population. In the outer islands beyond Java the difference between literate male and female population are 12% and 3% out of the population respectively. Inspired by a Javanese-born aristocrat Kartini who died young at the age of 25, the Van Deventer family worked to increase female involvement in education and received support from the Dutch government — eventually leading to foundation of Kartini Schools in 1911.

The Dutch colonial government established universities and colleges for native Indonesian on the island of Java. Before founding the Bandung Institute of Technology in 1920, there was no university-level education in the country; students had to go abroad (mainly to Netherlands) to receive it. Most of these universities have become the country's top educational institution as of today. These institutions are as follow:
 * School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen or STOVIA, a medical university which later become Geneeskundige Hogeschool in Batavia.
 * Nederland-Indische Artsen School or NIAS, a medical school in Soerabaja.
 * Rechts-Hoge-School, a law school in Weltevreden, Batavia.
 * De Technische Hoge-School, or THS, a technic school in Bandoeng and the first full-fledged university in the country (opened in 1920).
 * Middelbare Landbouw-school, an agriculture college which later become Landbouwkundige Faculteit in Buitenzorg
 * Opleiding-School voor Inlandsche Ambtenaren or OSVIA, colleges for training native civil servants.
 * Hollandsche-Indische Kweek-school, colleges for training teachers.

By the 1930s, the Dutch had introduced limited formal education to nearly every province of the Dutch East Indies, although by this period only 7.4% of the population were literate in 1931 and 2% were fluent in Dutch. Around the outer islands beyond Java, to meet demand of schooling, the Dutch government relied heavily on missionary schools that mostly provide basic and moral education.

Japanese occupation
During the Japanese occupation in World War II, the operations of the Dutch education system were consolidated into a single operation that parallel the Japanese education system. The Japanese occupation marked the deterioration of education in Indonesia, as schools were organized with the goal of creating Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere of influence. As a result, schools began training in military and physical drill that were anti-West oriented. It included indoctrination of Japanese culture and history. Students were required to raise the Japanese flag and bow to the Emperor every morning. The Japanese made schools less stratified; despite this, enrollment had shrunk by 30% for primary education and 90% for secondary education by 1945.

Post independence
Under the Japanese and Dutch occupation, most of the educational institutions were created to support the needs of the occupying power. There were very few efforts to promote the intellectual advancement of the indigenous population. After Indonesia declared its independence in 1945, the surviving education system was fragile and unorganized. In addition there was a shortage of teachers, as most of them had been Dutch or Japanese. Very few Indonesians had experience in managing schools.

Eager to address the neglect of focused education on native population, the first government of Indonesia had to create a system from scratch and reject the colonial European system. An Act declared in the 1945 constitution as Chapter 8, article 31, clause 1 that "every citizen has the right for education". The Ministry of Education, Instruction and Culture was founded with its first minister, Soewandi. The new institution sought to create an education that is anti-discriminatory, -elitist, and -capitalist to promote nationalism of the new republic of Indonesia. It was also decided that religion deserved a proper place and attention under the new republic, resulting in an increased support for Pesantren and Islamic Madrasah.

In 1961, 46.7% of the population were literate.

Early education
Pre-school education in Indonesia is covered under PAUD (Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, lit. Early Age Education) that covers Taman Bermain (playgroup) and Taman Kanak-Kanak (kindergarten, abbreviated TK). PAUD is under direct supervision and coverage of Directorate of Early Age Education Development (Direktorat Pengembangan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini).

From the age of 2, parents send their children to Taman Bermain. From the age of 4, they attend Taman Kanak-Kanak. Most TKs arrange the classes into two grades: A and B, which are informally called kelas nol kecil (little zero grade) and kelas nol besar (big zero grade) respectively. While this level of education is not compulsory, it is aimed to prepare children for primary schooling. Of the 49,000 kindergartens in Indonesia, 99.35% are privately operated. The kindergarten years are usually divided into "Class A" and "Class B" with students spending a year in each class.

Public primary and secondary education
Indonesians are required to attend 12 years of school. Students must go to school five days a week (some schools still employs 6 school days a week) from 07:30 a.m. (sometimes as early as 06.25 a.m. in some schools) until 15.30 p.m. Students can choose between state-run, nonsectarian public schools supervised by the Ministry of National Education (Kemdiknas) or private or semi-private religious (usually Islamic) schools supervised and financed by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. Students can choose to participate in extracurricular activities provided by the school such as sports, arts, or religious studies. However, although 86.1 percent of the Indonesian population is registered as Muslim, according to the 2000 census only 15 percent of school-age individuals attended religious schools. Overall enrollment figures are slightly higher for girls than boys and much higher in Java than the rest of Indonesia.

A central goal of the national education system is to impart secular wisdom about the world and to instruct children in the principles of participation in the modern nation-state, its bureaucracies, and its moral and ideological foundations. Beginning under Guided Democracy (1959–65) and strengthened in the New Order after 1975, a key feature of the national curriculum — was the case for other national institutions — has been instruction in the Pancasila. Children age six and older learned by rote its five principles — belief in one God, humanitarianism, national unity, democracy, and social justice — and were instructed daily to apply the meanings of this key national symbol to their lives. But with the end of the New Order in 1998 and the beginning of the campaign to decentralise the national government, provincial and district-level administrators obtained increasing autonomy in determining the content of schooling, and Pancasila began to play a diminishing role in the curriculum.

A style of pedagogy prevails inside public-school classrooms that emphasises rote learning and deference to the authority of the teacher. Although the youngest children are sometimes allowed to use their local language, by the third year of primary school nearly all instruction is conducted in Indonesian. Teachers customarily do not ask questions of individual students; rather, a standard teaching technique is to narrate a historical event or to describe a mathematical problem, pausing at key junctures to allow the students to call out responses that "fill in the blanks". By not identifying individual problems of students and retaining an emotionally distanced demeanor, teachers are said to show themselves to be patient, which is considered admirable.

Children ages 6–12 attend primary school, called Sekolah Dasar (SD). As of 2014, most elementary schools are government-operated public schools, accounting for 90.29% of all elementary schools in Indonesia. Students spend six years in primary school, though some schools offer an accelerated learning program in which students who perform well can complete the level in five years.

Three years of junior high school (Sekolah Menengah Pertama, or SMP) follows elementary school. Some schools offer an accelerated learning program in which students who perform well can complete the level in two years.

There are academic and vocational junior high schools that lead to senior-level diplomas. There are also "domestic science" junior high schools for girls.

After completion, they may be attend three years of high school (Sekolah Menengah Atas or SMA). Some high schools offer an accelerated learning program so students who perform well can complete their level in two years. Besides high school, students can choose among 47 programmes of vocational and pre-professional high school (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan or SMK), divided in the following fields: technology and engineering, health, arts, craft and tourism, information and communication technologies, agro-business and agro-technology, business management. Each requires three years of study. At the senior high school level, three-year agricultural, veterinary, and forestry schools are open to students who have graduated from an academic junior high school.

Special schools at the junior and senior levels teach hotel management, legal clerking, plastic arts, and music.

Students with disabilities/special needs may opt to be enrolled in a separate school from the mainstream called Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB, lit. Extraordinary School).

The Indonesian education system is the fourth largest in the world with more than 50 million students, 3 million teachers, 300,000 schools. Primary to high school level is compulsory. Primary and middle school is free, while in high school, there are small fees. The completion rate for Indonesian primary schools is high. In 2018, the net enrollment rate for primary, middle school, and high school each is 93.5%, 78.84%, and 60.67%. The tertiary-education participation is low at 36.31%. In 2011, the survival rate for primary, middle, and high school as the following numbers: 95.3%, 97.68%, and 96.8%. The higher the percentage of survival rate means that fewer students at certain education level who drop out. Although the Indonesian government has achieved significant improvement in the education sector, there are still many challenges that should be addressed, including funding, management, equity, and education quality.

Teacher-training programs are varied and gradually being upgraded. For example, in the 1950s anyone completing a teacher-training program at the junior high school level could obtain a teacher's certificate. Since the 1970s, however, primary-school teachers have been required to have graduated from a senior high school for teachers, and teachers of higher grades have been required to have completed a university-level education course. Remuneration for primary- and secondary-school teachers, although low, compares favourably with that in other Asian countries such as Malaysia, India, and Thailand. The student–teacher ratio is 17 to 1 and 15.2 to 1, respectively, for primary and secondary schools in 2018; that same year, the overall averages for East Asia & Pacific countries were 17.5 to 1 and 14.8 to 1, respectively.

By 2008, the staff shortage in Indonesia's schools was no longer as acute as in the 1980s, but serious difficulties remain, particularly in the areas of teacher salaries, teacher certification, and finding qualified personnel. In many remote areas of the outer islands, in particular, there is a severe shortage of qualified teachers, and some villages have school buildings but no teachers, books, or supplies. Providing textbooks and other school equipment to Indonesia's 37 million schoolchildren throughout the far-flung archipelago continues to be a significant problem as well, especially in more remote areas.

School grades
The school year is divided into two semesters. The first commences in July and ends in December while the latter commences in January and ends in June.

2013 curriculum

 * Specialization groups (kelompok peminatan)

Islamic schools
There are three types of Islamic schools in Indonesia, pesantren, madrasah, and sekolah islam. Pesantren can be small with just a few teachers and students to quite large with dozens of teachers and hundreds of students. Pesantren are led by hereditary kiais, who lead the school and have religious authority. Madrasah vary in their ideological foundations and vary in the provision of secular and religious content. Sekolah Islam use the Ministry of Education and Culture's secular curriculum and add their own Islamic curricula.

The secular and nationalist emphasis in public schools has been resisted by some of the Muslim majority. A distinct and vocal minority of these Muslims prefer to place their children in a pesantren (Islamic boarding school) or Islamic school. Usually found in rural areas and directed by a Muslim scholar, pesantren are attended by young people seeking a detailed understanding of the Quran, the Arabic language, sharia, and Muslim traditions and history, as well as more modern subjects such as English, mathematics, and geography. Students can enter and leave the pesantren any time of the year, and the studies are not organized as a progression of courses leading to graduation.

Although the chief aim of pesantren is to produce good Muslims, they do not share a single stance toward Islam or a position on secularism. Some pesantren emphasise the autonomy of modern students to think for themselves and to interpret scripture and modern knowledge in a way that is consistent with the teachings of Islam. Others are more traditional and stress the importance of following the wisdom of elders, including their teachings on science, religion, and family life. Although the terrorist bombings in Kuta, Bali, in 2002 raised suspicions about whether pesantren promote extremist views, the majority of these schools in Indonesia are theologically moderate, reflecting the views of the Indonesian population as a whole. For those who opt for a pesantren education, a sixth-grade equivalency certificate is available after successful completion of a state test.

For students to adapt to life in the modern nation-state, in the 1970s the Muslim-dominated Department of Religion (now the Department of Religious Affairs) advocated the spread of a newer variety of Muslim school: the madrassa. This kind of school integrates religious subjects from the pesantren with secular subjects from the Western-style public-education system. Although in general the public believes that Islamic schools offer lower-quality education, among Islamic schools a madrassa is ranked lower than a pesantren.

Raudhatul Athfal (RA) is the Islamic pre-schooling equivalent of TK, Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) is the Islamic schooling equivalent of SD, Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) is the Islamic schooling equivalent of SMP. Madrasah Aliyah (MA) is the Islamic schooling equivalent of SMA while Madrasah Aliyah Kejuruan (MAK) is the equivalent of SMK.

Higher education
Higher education in Indonesia is offered by several types of institutions depends on the nature of academic education, vocational education, and professional education. Since 2012, the Indonesian education system has been organized on Indonesian National Qualification Framework (Indonesian: Kerangka Kerja Nasional Indonesia, KKNI).

title: Education in Indonesia


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Juliet Luiz

Juliet Luiz was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was DELETE

Google suggests Ms. Luiz is/was an intelligent person, but I don't think she's encyclopedic at this time. Furthermore, the article appears to be a parody. Triskaideka 17:01, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Delete. Tasteless and possibly vicious joke by two anons, possibly the same person. Andrewa 19:10, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree with Andrewa. Delete. -- Cyrius|✎ 19:43, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * This smacks of a joke to me, possibly at the expense of both at Ms Luiz and the purported 'composer of the eulogy'. Delete. Average Earthman 19:59, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, not famous and/or junk. - SimonP 00:38, Jul 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: I think she wrote it. I don't care.  Joke, vanity, non-notable. Geogre 01:16, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Articles serves no purpose other than perhaps someones inside joke. Arminius 03:10, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Finally, someone recognized one of the truly great IT professionals. Maybe in another 100 years everyone else will see it too. anon comment moved from main vfd page. Rossami
 * What a load. Delete it for the stupid attempt at humor it is. - Lucky 6.9 21:41, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)


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PressPlay

PressPlay (stylised pressplay ) was the name of an online music store that operated from December 2001 until March 2003. It was created as a joint venture between Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment in response to the popularity of Napster.

Universal and Sony created PressPlay rather than joining RealNetworks' online service MusicNet, which had signed BMG, EMI and AOL Time Warner. It was originally announced under the name Duet in May 2001 and launched as PressPlay in December 2001.

Apart from Universal and Sony, the service carried some music from BMG, EMI and Warner, as well as various independent labels. It was branded for multiple services, most notably Yahoo.com.

The service allowed users 500 low-quality audio streams in DRMed Windows Media Audio, 50 song downloads and 10 songs burnt to CD, for $15 a month. It could also build and store users' playlists. Not every song could be downloaded, and users could not burn more than two tracks from the same artist to CD. Downloads expired after 30 days. Songs could not be transferred to a portable player.

Artists were paid around $0.0023 (0.23 of a cent) per song. Many artists, outraged at this rate and stating their songs were being used without proper permission, sought to have their music removed from the service unless they were paid a licensing fee rather than a CD-style royalty.

Even before it was launched, the restrictions meant the service was not attractive to consumers. PressPlay and rival MusicNet were given the shared 9th place in PC World's 2006 list of the "25 Worst Tech Products of All Time", which stated that "the services' stunningly brain-dead features showed that the record companies still didn't get it".

Universal and Sony had also licensed at least a portion of their catalog to other, more successful online music stores such as Streamwaves' Christian music service HigherWaves, FullAudio and Streamwaves' full product.

Roxio acquired the service on May 19, 2003, and used it as a base to launch their paid music service under the brand name Napster, and in 2004, Sony launched its Sony Connect service.

The disastrous history of Pressplay was later detailed in How Music Got Free by Stephen Witt, from the viewpoint of Universal Music CEO Doug Morris.

title: PressPlay


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User talk:Maryevelyn

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
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title: User talk:Maryevelyn


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Air Assault Badge

The Air Assault Badge is awarded by the U.S. Army for successful completion of the Air Assault School. The course includes three phases of instruction involving U.S. Army rotary wing aircraft: combat air assault operations; rigging and slingloading operations; and rappelling from a helicopter.

According to the United States Army Institute of Heraldry, "The Air Assault Badge was approved by the Chief of Staff, Army, on 18 January 1978, for Army-wide wear by individuals who successfully completed Air Assault training after 1 April 1974. The badge had previously been approved as the Airmobile Badge authorized for local wear by the Commander of the 101st Airborne Division, effective 1 April 1974." The division had been reorganized from parachute to airmobile in mid-1968 in Vietnam and designated the 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile). The parenthetical designation changed to Air Assault on 4 October 1974 and the name of the badge was likewise changed.

History
On 7 February 1963, the colors of the 11th Airborne Division were reactivated at Fort Benning, GA, as the 11th Air Assault Division (Test). The 11th was a small unit, never intended for deployable status, and used to test the airmobile concept then under development. Units of the 2d Infantry Division, also located at Fort Benning, were “borrowed” for large-scale airmobile tests and maneuvers.

An earlier Air Assault Badge, pictured on the right, was worn in the early 1960s by troops of 11th who qualified for it by making three helicopter rappels from 60 ft and three from 120 ft. Soldiers were also required to be knowledgeable of aircraft safety procedures; familiar with aircraft orientation; proficient in hand and arm signals and combat assault operations; able to prepare, inspect and rig equipment for external sling loads; and able to lash down equipment inside helicopters. The badge was first awarded in early 1964 and was only authorized for wear by soldiers within the 11th, as it was a division award and not authorized for Army-wide wear by the Department of the Army.

On 30 June 1965 the 11th Air Assault Division was inactivated and its assets merged with the 2d Infantry Division to become the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile). The colors of the 2d Infantry Division were sent to Korea where the existing 1st Cavalry Division was reflagged as 2d Infantry Division and the colors of the 1st Cavalry Division sent to Fort Benning. Shortly thereafter the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) was sent to Vietnam.

Maj. Jack R. Rickman is credited with the design of the Air Assault Badge when he was in 1971 on tour with the 101st Airborne Division in Vietnam. He thought little of the outcome of the design assignment, given to him by a division operations officer, which the Army adopted officially in January 1978. He was made aware of his part in the badge design years later when he recognized his design work seen in a published photograph. He never earned a badge himself.

The design was influenced by the Parachutist Badge worn when the division was on jump status, as well as the Glider Badge worn by glider units during World War II. Charles Bloodworth, a pathfinder officer in the 101st during the early 1970s, wrote, "Locally designed and fabricated, the badge was deliberately crafted to mimic the glider wings of WWII. The nose of the Huey took the place of the glider body, and the horizontal rotor blade was the spitting image of the glider wing."

The 101st returned from Vietnam to Fort Campbell, Kentucky and the 173rd Airborne Brigade was inactivated with its assets transferred to form the division's 3rd Brigade, at the time was on jump status. The remainder of the division was organized as Airmobile. In February 1974, Major General Sidney B. Berry, Commanding General, signed Division General Order 179 authorizing the wearing of the Airmobile Badge effective 1 April 1974, the same date that the 3rd Brigade would terminate its jump status.

Bloodworth describes the transition of the post-war division to fully Air Assault and the adoption of the Air Assault Badge in his article titled, "History of the 101st (Post-Vietnam)."

Training
Currently, in order for a US servicemember to be awarded the Air Assault Badge, they must first complete a 10 1/2-day course of instruction at the US Army Air Assault School. This course consists of the following phases of training:
 * Day Zero: Candidates must successfully complete an obstacle course and a two-mile run before they are officially considered “Air Assault Students.”
 * Day One: Candidates will undergo a six-mile march, followed by a strict inspection.
 * Combat Assault Phase: During this three-day phase, candidates will learn aircraft safety and orientation, along with the principles of aero-medical evacuation, pathfinder operations, and combat assault operations among several other topics. Soldiers will be given a written and “hands-on” test following this phase.
 * Slingload Operations: During the second three-day phase of Air Assault School, candidates will learn how to rig equipment onto rotary aircraft with a sling, an operation that generally requires the loading soldier to hook a tether to the underbelly of a helicopter hovering just a few feet above the ground. Typical loads can range anywhere from 1,000 to 8,000 pounds.  Trainees must pass a written and hands-on test before moving to the next phase.
 * Rappelling Phase: In the third and final three-day phase of Air Assault training, soldiers receive basic instruction on ground and aircraft rappelling procedures. By the end of the phase, trainees must complete two rappels from a 34-foot tower and two rappels from a UH-60, hovering at 70–90 feet.
 * Graduation Day: Soldiers must complete a 12-mile foot march in full gear plus a rucksack in less than three hours. Graduates are awarded the Air Assault Badge and the "2B" Additional Skill Identifier (ASI) upon completion of the march.

Training locations
Formal air assault training has been conducted at Fort Campbell, Kentucky by the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) since the Air Assault School was formed in 1974. During the early stages of the occupation of Iraq in late 2003, the division conducted a course in-theater to maintain Air Assault proficiency.

Air Assault training is also offered by the Army National Guard (ARNG) Warrior Training Center at Fort Moore, which conducts training both at the post and at a variety of other locations throughout the United States by means of Mobile Training Teams.

A III Corps Air Assault School was announced for Fort Hood that was to start in June 2012.

The first class of the XVIII Airborne Corps Air Assault School at Fort Bragg, NC graduated on October 4, 2013 Due to funding and manpower issue, its closure was announced on May 10, 2019

Air assault training has also been conducted for varying periods of time at other locations, although many do not currently do so (2019):
 * Camp Aachen, Grafenwöhr, Germany (WTC MTT conducted class for the 1st BCT, 3d Infantry Division during a six-month rotation)
 * Camp Buehring, Kuwait (Cadre from the ARNG Warrior Training Center, first class conducted in April 2017)
 * Camp Blanding, FL (FL ARNG; intermittent operations)
 * Camp Carroll, Fort Richardson, AK (6th Infantry Division (Light), AK ARNG and 4th BCT (Abn), 25th Infantry Division)
 * Camp Crowder, MO (MO ARNG hosting MTT, Feb - Mar 2012)
 * Camp Edwards, MA (2017, MTT from the Warrior Training Center, Fort Benning, GA)
 * Camp Gruber Maneuver Training Center, OK (OK ARNG) (1988–1994)
 * Camp Rilea, OR (WTC MTT)
 * Camp Smith, NY
 * Camp Hovey, Korea (2001, hosted by the 2d Brigade, 2d Infantry Division); 25 February - 8 March 2013, 1st BCT, 2d Infantry Division hosting a MTT from the Warrior Training Center, Fort Benning, GA)
 * Camp Mobile, Korea (2017, MTT from the Warrior Training Center, Fort Benning, GA)
 * Camp Robertson, Schweinfurt, Germany (2005, hosted by the 2d Brigade, 1st Infantry Division; 2011, hosted by the 21st Theater Sustainment Command)
 * Fort Belvoir, VA (Military District of Washington)
 * Fort Benning (now Fort Moore), GA (ARNG Warrior Training Center) (Jan 2006–Present)
 * Fort Bliss, TX (MTT, March 2011; quarterly courses conducted by the post's Iron Training Detachment); last class graduated in March 2019
 * Fort Bragg (now Fort Liberty), NC (XVIII Airborne Corps); on May 10, 2019 XVIII Airborne Corps announced it would shut down its Air Assault course due to "funding and the reduction of borrowed military manpower on Fort Bragg."
 * Fort Carson, CO (4th Infantry Division/3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment via MTT hosted by 10th Special Forces Group)
 * Fort Drum, NY (10th Mountain Division)
 * Fort Hood (now Fort Cavazos), TX (Conducted by the LRRP Platoon, 2d Squadron, 1st Cavalry, 2d Armored Division in the mid-1980s. Rappelmaster certification courses were also offered; MTT in October 2011; III Corps AAS started in June 2012 and ended in February 2020)
 * Fort Indiantown Gap, PA (MTT from the Warrior Training Center) (Starting annually in 2017)
 * Fort Knox, KY
 * Fort McCoy Total Force Training Center, WI (Light Fighter Academy)
 * Fort Ord, CA (7th Infantry Division (Light))
 * Fort Polk (now Fort Johnson), LA (near Warrior Brigade, 128th Combat Support Battalion)
 * Fort Riley, KS (1st Infantry Division; MTT in September 2009)
 * Fort Rucker (now Fort Novosel), AL (1st Aviation Brigade) (Nov 1983 - Oct 1995)
 * Fort Pickett (now Fort Barfoot), VA (MTT)
 * Fort Wainwright, Alaska (6th Infantry Division (Light)(Arctic))
 * Fulda, Germany (11th Armored Cavalry Regiment)
 * Schofield Barracks, HI (25th Infantry Division)
 * U.S. Military Academy, West Point, New York (MTT, June 2017)

Army Wear
The wearing of the Air Assault Badge on Army uniforms is governed by Department of the Army Pamphlet (DA PAM) 670-1, "Guide to the Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia." Under this DA PAM, the Air Assault Badge is defined as a Group 4 precedence special skill badge which governs its wear in relation to other combat and special skill badges and tabs. The basic eligibility criteria for the badge consist of satisfactory completion of an air assault training course in accordance with the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command's standardized Air Assault Core Program of Instruction or completion of a standard Air Assault Course while assigned or attached to the 101st Airborne Division since 1 April 1974.

Vietnam veterans of the 101st Airborne Division and 1st Cavalry Division have sought the retroactive award of the Air Assault Badge for their training and pioneering experience in combat, but the Army has yet to grant their request.

Airborne background trimmings
When the 101st Airborne Division was converted to air assault, it carried over the wear of the cloth airborne background trimmings (ovals) from its time as an active airborne unit. According to DR 670-1, airborne background trimmings are authorized for organizations designated (by structure, equipment and mission) "Airborne" or "Air Assault" by Headquarters, Department of the Army. The following are airborne background trimmings currently authorized for wear behind the Air Assault Badge:

Background trimmings have been denied by the US Army's Institute of Heraldry to other units with a parenthetical designation of “Air Assault” such as the California Army National Guard's 1st Battalion, 184th Infantry Regiment. The rationale given by The Institute of Heraldry was that units outside of the 101st Airborne Division did not have an "air assault mission." The reason various ARNG units were organized according to the Air Assault Modified Table of Organization and Equipment (MTOE) was because such units were authorized fewer personnel and less equipment, thus making them less expensive to operate and maintain. They were not organized with actual air assault missions in mind.

Department of the Air Force wear
All of the military services can send personnel to the U.S. Army's Air Assault Schools, but only the U.S. Army, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Space Force allows for the Air Assault Badge to be worn on their uniforms. For several decades only U.S. Air Force personnel attached to the 101st Airborne Division were allowed to wear the badge and only while assigned, paralleling U.S. Army policy from 1974 to 1978 for Army soldiers. However, as of the 17 January 2014 update to uniform instructions, Department of Air Force personnel are authorized to wear the Air Assault Badge along with other special skill badges they have earned through other uniformed services.

Maritime services wear
The Air Assault Badge is not authorized for wear on uniforms of the U.S. Navy or U.S. Marine Corps. With the proper documentation filed in a unit's administrative department, prior U.S. Army service members who have enlisted or commissioned in the U.S. Coast Guard may wear the Air Assault Badge.

title: Air Assault Badge


text:
Wikipedia talk:Protected page/Draft

 * Steve, I notice you wrote up the draft yourself. May I add a comment (which we should probably take to the Talk page of your proposal) - defining or assigning "roles" to contributors is an oversimplification of views and only a short step away from the ridiculous nature of two-party politics, and two short steps away from demonization of well-defined parties: people won't be able to contribute without being labelled first, and the labels will become an issue rather than individual views and contributions themselves (ie I believe in the cluster of views model rather than the synthesis of two antitheses which sidelines everything else). With that caveat, your proposal is quite fair but instead of you forming a pair with Slrubenstein, I nominate Danny, Zero, or Viajero (no offense - I have followed and trust the contributions of the other users on disputed articles, but don't know much about you). -- Simonides 04:59, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * In case your not entirely familiar with the wiki concept; if its not someones userpage or subpages (talk must remain open) its free and open for people to edit. IOW, I would gladly welcome your comments. ;) -SV 17:07, 2004 Jul 23 (UTC)
 * "...defining or assigning "roles" to contributors is an oversimplification of views and only a short step away from the ridiculous nature of two-party politics..."-Sim

No, you misunderstand. Roles are not based on political views, (for the most part) but on the highest degree of trust they have within the community.-SV
 * The degree of trust is a debatable question. I do not trust Slrubenstein, and it doesn't matter to me if he is trusted by the "community", the kind of situation which makes one doubt the good intentions of the community. Once again, assigning roles only risks creating partisanship where it doesn't exist. -- Simonides 19:36, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * "I nominate Danny, Zero, or Viajero (no offense - I have followed and trust the contributions of the other users on disputed articles, but don't know much about you)."-Sim
 * "I nominate Danny, Zero, or Viajero (no offense - I have followed and trust the contributions of the other users on disputed articles, but don't know much about you)."-Sim

Well, sad as it may be, your vote for who participates is just one among other equal votes. And Danny, Zero and Viajero would have to come forward with an interest for acting as moderators (actively making changes) to the page. I have no problem stepping aside, but I do have a problem with your apparent lack of trust. Its a symptom of the academic standards disease, a lack of wikifaith or simply attachment complex related to the article. We all go through this period where we each feel a need to be responsible for these silly little digital mosiacs we call "articles." -Regards, SV 17:14, 2004 Jul 23 (UTC)
 * I would much appreciate if you tried to stop relegating my objections to your cute, amateur diagnoses. I haven't seen you on or noticed any of your edits or comments to the articles in question when they were being debated, and you haven't displayed any subtle judgement so far, so I don't see how you can expect someone should trust you merely on your say-so when you are not willing to appoint editors unless they have "the trust of the community". Essentially you are suggesting the only people worth trusting are people you trust, which is not quite the right way to assign "roles", and that has little to with academic standards. -- Simonides 19:36, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry if I appear as condescending or patronizing... whatever. I do recommend considering my comments (about debate entanglements) as a professional diagnosis that just happens to wrapped up in cute packaging. But 'its a free country,' and you can do what you like.

 * All of you missed the point entirely about the "New start" on Talk:Anti-Semitism, and Srubenstein might not be in the ideal frame of mind right now - but the idea is that you use the people that you have. This is going to be a much wider discussion, in which case, your going to have to accept the possibility that "trust" is a real concept on Wikipedia, and that people who have been here for years (Slrub, Danny, Viajero etc) have amassed some community trust in terms of how they conduct themselves. Conduct is separate from academics; conduct and moderation need to be dealt with. -SV

title: Wikipedia talk:Protected page/Draft


text:
User talk:Bgruber

The Kinks
I realise that some of this is a ripoff, but since then A LOT of work has been done on the article, so I'm mostly keen on keeping the material on, than ruling it out completely. Many of the portions are changed, deleted, revisited by me and couple of other guys, making it quite a lot different material than the obvious spine of allmusic. So, if you excuse me dude, I'm reverting it back. I worked along with a couple of other persons on it many for months, I like it, I will continue to work on it in the future and I think that by now it's completely different story and morning glory than the allmusic article. I don't think that there's so much left in allmusic article that deserves reversion, as I said that it has completely evolved and emerged as a standalone article rather than a complete rip-off.
 * Thanks for your attention. Your sincerely: Painbearer 21:13, 2 November 2005 (UTC)

Much of the material has been changed and is twice much longer than the material in Allmusic. Give me some time and I will rewrite the problematic portions of it. I don't think it's such a "blatant plagiarizm" as you define it, but in the name of good and healthy communications, I will do some more work and will try to perephrase the more obvious take-offs. In a month or so, the "bad" will be put out.
 * Please friend, show some respect: Painbearer 10:05, 3 November 2005 (UTC)

As you can see man, many people are still working on it. About 4 or 5. The article is always changing to the better and I assure you it will change if you just give some time. Give some time, man don't be so pushing. Don't bitch around, and the copyvio will be no more... or at least not so blatant. Meanwhile, I really recommend to you read this stuff and then read word by word the article in Allmusic. I think it's a different story and morning glory.
 * Respect dude: Painbearer 14:41, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

Ina Garten article
Hi! You once edited the Ina Garten entry for Wikipedia. This article is currently up for both a peer review and good article nomination. If you find the time, please stop by the peer review page and offer your input. Thanks! Air.dance 06:45, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

re: Townsend Harris High School
Hello Bgruber!

Regarding your inclusion of Ishle Yi Park as an alumnus: unless you provide a citation supporting this person's inclusion, it will likely be deleted again. It is incumbant on the person making the edit to include the citation, otherwise it can be regarded as either a good faith (but erroneous) edit, or vandalism. If your claim is true, consider making the appropriate citation. Good luck and happy editing! LonelyBeacon 01:56, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

Hello back!

If you check the edit logs on that particular article, I never actually reverted your edit. I did revert a previous edit by another editor (I think it was a listing of athletes who won some conference championship or something like that. I noticed your edit, and your request not to delete it.  I jsut thought I would drop a friendly suggestion about adding the citation (because you seemed worried about an editor deleting it. The citation looks pretty solid to me! I'm not sure if you got to this school, but that alumni list is pretty darn impressive! Good luck and happy editing! LonelyBeacon 03:56, 17 October 2007 (UTC) and ..... if you've run into problems with editors, I really apologize. The comment you left on my page was most polite, and I certainly agree that editors do sometimes get overzealous ... including me. You do try to assume good faith, yet sometimes it is really difficult to tell the difference. For some reason, I really believed you were doing good, so I chose not to delete, and drop a "suggestion" instead. LonelyBeacon 04:00, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

Ah!

It took me a while to see what you meant. Apologies are certainly in order. I am very sorry for that. As you see, there were some vandals that came in after you, and I did a blanket edit back to the bot edit. Yours got swept in with the rest, and it should not have been so. I will be more careful of such things in the future. Thank you for pointing that out to me. LonelyBeacon 04:42, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:53, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bgruber


text: Talk:Office Assistant

title: Talk:Office Assistant


text:
User talk:Pashmina

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
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 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Speedy deletion declined: Chitika
Hello Pashmina, and thanks for patrolling new pages! I am just letting you know that I declined the speedy deletion of Chitika, a page you tagged for speedy deletion, because of the following concern: Not unambiguously promotional, mentioned in third-party publications, asserts notability. You may wish to review the Criteria for Speedy Deletion before tagging further pages. Thank you. Dabomb87 (talk) 15:31, 10 October 2010 (UTC)

Cleanup tag clarification
Greetings, Pashmina. Just following up to say thanks for taking an interest in the New Media Strategies article. In regards to the cleanup tag that was added to this article, could you be of help in clarifying which subsections of the article warrant cleanup per WP:NPOV, and which steps you envision as necessary to reflect this policy? I will be more than happy to collaborate with you on such an effort. Kind regards, Jeff Bedford (talk) 00:54, 13 October 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pashmina


text:
Juventud del Poder Popular

Juventud del Poder Popular was the youth organization of the Colombian political movement Poder Popular during the 1980s. JPP was a member of the World Federation of Democratic Youth.

title: Juventud del Poder Popular


text:
User:Zarutian

Please see [my] page at [Tcl'ers wiki] for info on me.

title: User:Zarutian


text:
User talk:Behnam/Archive/2009

Two Articles in need of your attention
There are two entries at Wikipedia, which have falsely created by Pan-Turkists-- they are Turco-Persian and Turko-Persian Tradition. Both entries are factitious. I have requested the entries to be deleted. My reasons are:
 * The term Turko-Persian Tradition (or Turco-Persian) does not exists academically and it is a factitious entry! Check the Encyclopaedia Iranica to confirm -- The correct name for that culture is the Persianate culture not the "Turko-Persian". Turkophones (mostly of mixed race and Persianized in culture) only spoke in Turkic dialects and were in the military. That is not enough participation in creating and forming the culture to deserve the name "Turko-Persian Tradition" – This is misinformation. All the elements in that area, which have to do with tradition and culture, were drawn from the Iranian culture (Persian, Kurdish, Azari, Baluchi, Tajik, Luri, Gilaki, Talishi, Mazandarani, etc.), and the Islamic faith, not much Turkic elements (like shamanism, yurts etc.) were incorporated in. That is what makes the name "Turko-Persian" an imaginary one and therefore the entry should be deleted.

Any contributions would greatly appreciate – please add your comments, whether you agree with the deletion, or otherwise to Articles for deletion/Turco-Persian as well as Articles for deletion/Turko-Persian Tradition. Bā Sepās Surena 03:03, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Persian Atlas created
Behnam... please check the following maps gallery and tell me where you need them in the Afghanistan Project, or a persian project if needed... and yes i will update the map to include these two great cities...

but ill do it first thing in the morning, im really tired of drawing maps for the Persian Dynasties for over 10 Hours...

perhaps some sleep then back to the wikiworld..

Peace be with you...

Map Gallery:

User:Arab League/Maps

please check the Persian section thank you

Fair use rationale for Image:GUADEC Logo.png
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:GUADEC Logo.png. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.  PxMa 19:45, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:Irnic-logo.01.96p.png
Thanks for uploading Image:Irnic-logo.01.96p.png. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot 08:28, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Disputed fair use rationale for Image:IRNIC Logo.png
Thanks for uploading Image:IRNIC Logo.png. However, there is a concern that the rationale you have provided for using this image under "fair use" may be invalid. Please read the instructions at Non-free content carefully, then go to the image description page and clarify why you think the image qualifies for fair use. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to ensure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If it is determined that the image does not qualify under fair use, it will be deleted within a couple of days according to our criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the media copyright questions page. Thank you.BetacommandBot (talk) 23:39, 22 December 2007 (UTC)

Iranian-writer-stub
Hi - a stub template or category which you created has been nominated for deletion or renaming at Stub types for deletion. The stub type, which was not proposed at WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals, does not meet the standard requirements for a stub type, either through being incorrectly named, ambiguously scoped, or through failure to meet standards relating to the current stub hierarchy or likely size, as explained at Stub. Please feel free to make any comments at WP:SFD regarding this stub type, and in future, please consider proposing new stub types first! Grutness...wha?  00:01, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

The Office season episodes
Hi. You might want to add the numbering in a new column or change the key to the lists; the edits have caused an inconsistency with "Series #" and its representation in the small key above the tables. Doesn't really matter which you do, either will suffice. Mastrchf (t/c) 00:16, 23 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Sure. The small keys to the lists (they're in prose form, but I would call it a key) are just above each of the tables, and basically start with something along the lines of "Series # refers to the episode number in relation to the entire series".  Because that's no longer completely true, that line needs to be either revised or the table should have another column added to reflect the difference between Series Number and Season Number.  Mastrchf (t/c) 00:31, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Behnam/Archive/2009


text:
People's Power (Colombia)

People's Power (Poder Popular) was a political movement in Colombia. Founded in 1981 by Ernesto Samper Pizano (later president of the country). PP evolved out of the Liberal Party of Colombia. Former president of Colombia, Álvaro Uribe, was a member of PP. PP had a youth organization called Juventud del Poder Popular. PP disappeared in the beginning of the 1990s and most of its membership returned to the mainstream Liberal Party.

title: People's Power (Colombia)


text:
The Capital Region (Denmark)

The Capital Region (Hovedstadsregionen, ) was the administrative name of the municipalities of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg and the counties of Frederiksborg, Copenhagen, and Roskilde. It was replaced by the Capital Region of Denmark (Region Hovedstaden) as an administrative region on January 1, 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform.

The new region includes the island of Bornholm (in the Baltic Sea 100 nautical miles from Copenhagen), and excludes the southwestern parts of Greater Copenhagen that were covered by Roskilde County. These southwestern areas are instead included in Region Zealand (Region Sjælland).

Composition
In 2007 the Capital Region had a population of 1,834,492 and an area of 2,861.41 km2

The area consisted of:

Today
The same area has (31 December 2012) 1,937,450 inhabitants (680 inhabitants/km2) However the Capital Region has been expanded and Stevns Municipality has been added. That area is 3030 km2 and has 1,957,611 inhabitants (646 inhabitants/km2).

The Capital Region is still in use at several levels:

 * Local public traffic, ticket fare zones (Metro, S-train, Local trains, Regional trains within the area, busses etc.)
 * Television – three regional TV-channels broadcast over the entire area
 * The area is a region for Vejdirektoratet, the Danish motorway & road maintenance authority
 * It is also a region of the Danish national rail, DSB. If for instance buying a ticket in Jutland, the ticket is valid for any station within the Capital Region.
 * Public identification, people that live within its boundaries usually identify themselves as inhabitants of the Capital Region.

title: The Capital Region (Denmark)


text:
List of 1999 Canadian incumbents

Crown

 * Head of State - Queen Elizabeth II

Federal government

 * Governor General - Roméo LeBlanc then Adrienne Clarkson

Cabinet

 * Prime Minister - Jean Chrétien
 * Deputy Prime Minister - Herb Gray
 * Minister of Finance - Paul Martin
 * Minister of Foreign Affairs - Lloyd Axworthy
 * Minister of National Defence - Art Eggleton
 * Minister of Health - Allan Rock
 * Minister of Industry - John Manley
 * Minister of Heritage - Sheila Copps
 * Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs - Stéphane Dion
 * Minister of the Environment - Christine Stewart then David Anderson
 * Minister of Justice - Anne McLellan
 * Minister of Transport - David Collenette
 * Minister of Citizenship and Immigration - Lucienne Robillard then Elinor Caplan
 * Minister of Fisheries and Oceans - David Anderson then Herb Dhaliwal
 * Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food - Lyle Vanclief
 * Minister of Public Works and Government Services - Alfonso Gagliano
 * Minister of Human Resources Development - Pierre Pettigrew then Jane Stewart
 * Minister of Natural Resources - Ralph Goodale

Members of Parliament
See: 36th Canadian parliament

Party leaders

 * Liberal Party of Canada - Jean Chrétien
 * Bloc Québécois - Gilles Duceppe
 * New Democratic Party- Alexa McDonough
 * Progressive Conservative Party of Canada - Joe Clark
 * Reform Party of Canada - Preston Manning

Supreme Court Justices

 * Chief Justice: Antonio Lamer
 * Beverley McLachlin
 * Frank Iacobucci
 * John C. Major
 * Michel Bastarache
 * William Ian Corneil Binnie
 * Peter deCarteret Cory then Louise Arbour
 * Claire L'Heureux-Dubé
 * Charles D. Gonthier

Other

 * Speaker of the House of Commons - Gilbert Parent
 * Governor of the Bank of Canada - Gordon Thiessen
 * Chief of the Defence Staff - General Maurice Baril

Premiers

 * Premier of Alberta - Ralph Klein
 * Premier of British Columbia - Glen Clark then Dan Miller
 * Premier of Manitoba - Gary Filmon then Gary Doer
 * Premier of New Brunswick - Camille Thériault then Bernard Lord
 * Premier of Newfoundland - Brian Tobin
 * Premier of Nova Scotia - Russell MacLellan then John Hamm
 * Premier of Ontario - Mike Harris
 * Premier of Prince Edward Island - Pat Binns
 * Premier of Quebec - Lucien Bouchard
 * Premier of Saskatchewan - Roy Romanow
 * Premier of the Northwest Territories - James Antoine
 * Premier of Nunavut - Paul Okalik (territory formed on April 1)
 * Premier of Yukon - Piers McDonald

Lieutenant-governors

 * Lieutenant-Governor of Alberta - Bud Olson
 * Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia - Garde Gardom
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba - Yvon Dumont then Peter Liba
 * Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick - Marilyn Trenholme Counsell
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador - Arthur Maxwell House
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia - James Kinley
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario - Hilary Weston
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Prince Edward Island - Gilbert Clements
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec - Lise Thibault
 * Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan - Jack Wiebe

Mayors

 * Toronto - Mel Lastman
 * Montreal - Pierre Bourque
 * Vancouver - Philip Owen
 * Ottawa - Jim Watson
 * Victoria - Bob Cross then Alan Lowe

Religious Leaders

 * Roman Catholic Bishop of Quebec - Archbishop Maurice Couture
 * Roman Catholic Bishop of Montreal - Cardinal Archbishop Jean-Claude Turcotte
 * Roman Catholic Bishops of London - Bishop John Michael Sherlock
 * Moderator of the United Church of Canada - Bill Phipps

title: List of 1999 Canadian incumbents


text:
Minister of Public Works (Canada)

The Minister of Public Works was a position in the Cabinet of Canada who oversaw the public works portfolio of the federal government.

The office was established upon Confederation (1 July 1867) by Order-in-Council, and was given statutory basis later that year on December 21, through Statute 31 Victoria, c. 12. On 12 July 1996, as part of substantial governmental reorganization under the leadership of Jean Chrétien, the position was merged with that of the Minister of Supply and Services to create the office of Minister of Public Works and Government Services.

title: Minister of Public Works (Canada)


text: File:Officeofhawaiianaffairslogo.JPG

title: File:Officeofhawaiianaffairslogo.JPG