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Jeunesse Esch

Jeunesse Esch (full name Association Sportive la Jeunesse d'Esch/Alzette) is a professional football club based in Esch-sur-Alzette, in south-western Luxembourg. The side play in the National Division, the highest league in the country, and have won the league title on 28 occasions between 1921 and 2010, the most of any team in Luxembourg.

History
The club was founded in 1907 as Jeunesse la Frontière d'Esch in reference to the proximity of their stadium to the border with France. "La frontière" was dropped to give the club its current name in 1918, which it retained until World War II, where the Nazi regime implemented the German name SV Schwarz-Weiß 07 Esch and the club had to play in the Gauliga Moselland, finishing runners-up in the 1943–44 season. After the liberation of Luxembourg, the name reverted to AS la Jeunesse d'Esch.

Historically, Jeunesse Esch has been the most successful side in Luxembourgish football. They have won the National Division on 28 occasions: first in 1921, and most recently in 2010. This is a national record, unless Racing FC Union Luxembourg's many predecessor clubs are counted together (they won a total of 28, divided between six incarnations). Jeunesse has also won the Luxembourg Cup on twelve occasions, second behind the fourteen won by FA Red Boys Differdange (now a part of FC Differdange 03). In total, they have completed the coveted Double on eight occasions.

They first entered the European Cup in 1958, but like most of Luxembourg's clubs, failed to pass the preliminary rounds of the competition. Their most famous result came in the early stages of the 1973 competition when they held then-UEFA Cup holders Liverpool to a 1–1 draw at home before losing the second leg 2–0 at Anfield.

Jeunesse have continued their success into recent times, being one of the top three Luxembourgish clubs, along with F91 Dudelange and FC Etzella Ettelbruck, of the past few years. However, the club had a disastrous 2006–07 season, in which the club finished ninth, and only just avoided a relegation play-offs.

Honours

 * National Division
 * Winners (28): 1920–21, 1936–37, 1950–51, 1953_54, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1962–63, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1969–70, 1972–73, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1979–80, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2003–04, 2009–10
 * Runners-up (13): 1914–15, 1935–36, 1937–38, 1952–53, 1956–57, 1960–61, 1968–69, 1977–78, 1985–86, 1988–89, 1990–91, 2005–06, 2011–12
 * Luxembourg Cup
 * Winners (13): 1934–35, 1936–37, 1945–46, 1953–54, 1972–73, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1980–81, 1987–88, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–00, 2012–13
 * Runners-up (12): 1921–22, 1926–27, 1964–65, 1965–66, 1970–71, 1974–75, 1984–85, 1990–91, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2005–06, 2011–12

European competition
Jeunesse Esch has qualified for UEFA European competition thirty three times.

 * European Cup/UEFA Champions League
 * Qualifying round (5): 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–00, 2004–05, 2010–11
 * First round (15): 1958–59, 1960–61, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1988–89
 * Second round (2): 1959–60, 1963–64

 * European Cup Winners' Cup/UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
 * Qualifying round (2): 1981–82, 1991–92

 * UEFA Cup
 * Qualifying round (3): 1995–96, 1996–97, 2000–01
 * First round (4): 1969–70, 1978–79, 1986–87, 1989–90

 * UEFA Europa League
 * First qualifying round (3): 2012–13, 2014–15, 2016–17
 * Second qualifying round (2): 2013–14, 2019–20

Jeunesse Esch is the only club from Luxembourg to have reached the second round of the European Cup, and it has achieved that feat on two occasions, both under the leadership of George Berry in the early years of the competition:
 * In 1959–60, Jeunesse were drawn against ŁKS Łódź, champions of Poland. In an incredible first leg, Jeunesse put five past the Poles without reply, practically guaranteeing their place in the second round regardless of the return leg (in the event, Łódź won 2–1, but only after Jeunesse had gone ahead). In the next round, Jeunesse faced somewhat harder opponents: Real Madrid, champions of Europe four times in a row. The first match, in the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, was no contest, as Real Madrid trounced Jeunesse 7–0, with Puskás scoring a hat-trick. Despite their comfortable victory, Real Madrid took no chances in the second leg and fielded a full-strength team, including Puskás, Di Stéfano, and Gento. The array of stars did nothing to over-awe the Luxembourgers on their home patch; Jeunesse scored twice within fifteen minutes, and made a good account of themselves, but succumbed to lose 5–2, 12–2 on aggregate. Real went on to win the European Cup for a fifth straight season, beating Eintracht Frankfurt 7–3 in a memorable final.
 * In the first round of the European Cup in 1963–64, Jeunesse was given a relatively easy tie against FC Haka. Although they had avoided the biggest sides in the competition, Jeunesse was facing the dominant Finnish side, and Jeunesse was thrashed 4–1 in Valkeakoski. In the return, Jeunesse mounted a comeback, but were winning by only 2–0 after 84 minutes. Suddenly, two goals in as few minutes put the Luxembourgian side through. The second round pitted Jeunesse against the Yugoslav champions, Partizan Belgrade for a place in the quarter-finals. Jeunesse won the first match 2–1, thanks to another late goal. However, the tie was turned on its head by four goals by Vladimir Kovačević, and Partizan won 6–2, and 7–4 on aggregate. 1963–64 turned out to be the annus mirabilis of Luxembourgian football, as the national team almost reached the semi-finals of the European Championship.

Overall, Jeunesse's record in European competition reads:

Managers

 * 🏴 Bill Berry (1 July 1958 – 30 June 1961)
 * 🇧🇪 Félix Déculot (1963 – 1964)
 * 🇱🇺 Louis Giussot (1967 – 1968)
 * 🇫🇷 Gilbert Legrand (1968 – 31 October 1969)
 * 🇦🇹 Ernst Melchior (1 November 1969 – 1972)
 * 🇦🇹 Willi Macho (1972 – 1974)
 * 🇱🇺 René Pascucci (1974 – 1975)
 * 🇱🇺 René Pascucci (1 July 1976 – 31 December 1976)
 * 🇱🇺 Jean Kremer (1980 – 1981)
 * 🇱🇺 Alex Pecquer (1 July 1984 – 30 June 1986)
 * 🇱🇺 Alex Pecquer (1 July 1987 – 30 June 1988)
 * 🇩🇪 Norbert Müller (1 July 1988 – 30 June 1990)
 * 🇱🇺 Vinicio Monacelli (1 July 1991 – 30 June 1992)
 * 🇱🇺 Alex Pecquer (1 July 1995 – 30 June 1998)
 * 🇱🇺 Maurice Spitoni (1 July 1998 – 30 June 1999)
 * 🇫🇷 Eric Brusco (1999 – 30 August 2000)
 * 🇱🇺 Théo Scholten (2002 – 2003)
 * 🇫🇷 Michel Leflochmoan (2003 – 2004)
 * 🇩🇪 Roger Lutz (1 July 2004 – 15 Feb 2005)
 * 🇱🇺 Romeo Codello (10 December 2005 – 2006)
 * 🇩🇪 Harald Kohr (2006)
 * 🇫🇷 Waldemar Korycki (2006 – 1 March 2007)
 * 🇱🇺 Jacques Müller (1 July 2007 – Sept 23, 2010)
 * 🇦🇷 Fernando Gutiérrez (Sept 23, 2010 – 13 March 2011)
 * 🇱🇺 Vinicio Monacelli (interim) (14 March 2011 – 17 March 2011)
 * 🇧🇪 Sébastian Grandjean (17 March 2011 – 18 Oct 2012)
 * 🇧🇪 Lionel Zanini (19 October 2012 – 16 April 2013)
 * 🇱🇺 Dany Theis (16 April 2013 – 2015)
 * 🇱🇺 Carlo Weis (2015 – 6 March 2017)
 * 🇱🇺 Marc Thomé (7 March 2017 – 6 April 2019)
 * 🇧🇪 Sébastien Grandjean (2019)
 * 🇫🇷 Nicolas Huysman (6 July 2019 – 30 November 2019)
 * 🇫🇷 Noël Tosi (2020)
 * 🇬🇷 Giorgos Petrakis (13 October 2020 – 30 June 2021)
 * 🇱🇺 Jeff Strasser [2021-2022]
 * 🇱🇺Henri Bossi (June 2022 - October 2022)
 * 🇱🇺 Jacques Müller (interim October–November 2022)
 * 🇵🇹 Pedro Resende ( November 2022-)

title: Jeunesse Esch


text:
Suzanne Pleshette

Suzanne Pleshette (January 31, 1937 – January 19, 2008) was an American actress. Pleshette was known for her roles in theatre, film, and television. She was nominated for three Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards. For her role as Emily Hartley on the CBS sitcom The Bob Newhart Show (1972–1978) she received two nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series.

Pleshette started her career in the theatre before gaining attention for her role in Alfred Hitchcock's horror-thriller The Birds (1963). Her other notable film roles include Rome Adventure (1962), Support Your Local Gunfighter (1971), and Hot Stuff (1979). For her portrayal of Leona Helmsley in Leona Helmsley: The Queen of Mean (1990) she received nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Miniseries or Movie. She later voiced roles in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998) and Spirited Away (2001).

Early life and education
Suzanne Pleshette was born on January 31, 1937, in the New York City neighborhood of Brooklyn Heights, to Geraldine (née Kaplan) and Eugene Pleshette. Her parents were Jewish, the children of emigrants from Russia and Austria-Hungary. Her mother was a dancer and artist who performed under the stage name Geraldine Rivers. Her father was a stage manager of the Paramount Theater in Manhattan and of the Paramount Theater in Brooklyn, and later, a network executive. She graduated from Manhattan's High School of Performing Arts and attended Syracuse University for one semester, then transferred to Finch College. She later graduated from the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in Manhattan and was under the tutelage of acting teacher Sanford Meisner.

Career
The Boston Globe described her appearance and demeanor as sardonic and her voice as sultry. Five-foot, four-inch Pleshette began her career at age 20 as a stage actress. She made her Broadway debut in Meyer Levin's 1957 play Compulsion, adapted from his novel inspired by the Leopold and Loeb case. The following year, she performed in the debut of The Cold Wind and the Warm by S. N. Behrman at the Shubert Theatre in New Haven, Connecticut, directed by Harold Clurman and produced by Robert Whitehead. In 1959, she was featured in the comedy Golden Fleecing, starring Constance Ford and Tom Poston. (Poston would eventually become her third husband.) That same year, she was one of two finalists for the role of Louise/Gypsy in the original production of Gypsy. During the run of The Cold Wind and the Warm, she spent mornings taking striptease lessons from Jerome Robbins for the role in Gypsy. In his autobiography, Arthur Laurents, the play's author stated, "It came down to between Suzanne Pleshette and Sandra Church. Suzanne was the better actress, but Sandra was the better singer. We went with Sandra." In February 1961, she succeeded Anne Bancroft as Anne Sullivan Macy opposite 14-year-old Patty Duke's Helen Keller in The Miracle Worker.

Her early screen credits include The Geisha Boy (1958), Rome Adventure (1962), Fate Is the Hunter (1964), and Youngblood Hawke (1962), but she was best known at that time for her role in Alfred Hitchcock's suspense film The Birds (1963). Immediately following The Birds, Pleshette was cast in 40 Pounds of Trouble (1962), a comedy film co-starring Tony Curtis and Phil Silvers, which Curtis was producing through his own film production company, Curtis Enterprises. 40 Pounds of Trouble was the first motion picture ever filmed at Disneyland, and was distributed by Universal-International Pictures in late 1962. She worked with Steve McQueen in the 1966 western drama film Nevada Smith, was nominated for a Laurel Award for her starring performance in the comedy If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium opposite Ian McShane, and co-starred with James Garner in a pair of films, Support Your Local Gunfighter(1971) and the drama Mister Buddwing (1966).

Pleshette's first screen role was in the episode "Night Rescue" (December 5, 1957) of the CBS adventure/drama television series Harbormaster, starring Barry Sullivan and Paul Burke. Other early television appearances include Playhouse 90, Decoy, Have Gun – Will Travel, One Step Beyond, Riverboat, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, The Tab Hunter Show, Channing, Ben Casey, Naked City, Gunsmoke, Wagon Train, the pilot episode of The Wild Wild West, and Dr. Kildare, for which she was nominated for her first Emmy Award. She guest-starred more than once as different characters in each of the following 1960s TV series: Route 66, The Fugitive, The Invaders, The F.B.I., Columbo (Dead Weight) (1971) and The Name of the Game.

1970 game show appearances include It Takes Two, with her husband, and Name Droppers.

On May 19, 1971, TV producers saw her on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson   and noticed a certain chemistry between Suzanne and Johnny. She was cast as the wife of Newhart's character on the popular CBS sitcom The Bob Newhart Show (1972–1978) for all six seasons, as part of CBS television's Saturday night lineup. During this time she was nominated twice for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. She reprised her role of Emily Hartley in the final episode of Newhart's subsequent comedy series, Newhart, in which viewers discovered that the entire later series had been her husband Bob's dream when he awakens next to her in the bedroom set from the earlier series.

During this time she starred in films such as the western comedy Support Your Local Gunfighter (1971) starring James Garner. She also starred in a number of Walt Disney family films, most notably in The Shaggy D.A. (1976) acting opposite Dean Jones and Tim Conway. She was the lead actress in the comedies Hot Stuff (1979) opposite Dom DeLuise and Ossie Davis and Oh, God! Book II (1980) starring George Burns. Her 1984 situation comedy, Suzanne Pleshette Is Maggie Briggs, was canceled after seven episodes. In 1989, she played the role of Christine Broderick in the NBC drama, Nightingales, which lasted one season. In 1990, Pleshette portrayed Manhattan hotelier Leona Helmsley in the television movie Leona Helmsley: The Queen of Mean, which garnered her nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film.

In addition, she starred opposite Hal Linden in the 1994 sitcom The Boys Are Back. She had a starring role in Good Morning, Miami, as Mark Feuerstein's grandmother Claire Arnold in season one and played the mother of Katey Sagal's character in the ABC sitcom 8 Simple Rules for Dating My Teenage Daughter following John Ritter's death. Pleshette provided the voices of Yubaba and Zeniba in the English dub of Japanese director Hayao Miyazaki's Academy Award-winning film Spirited Away and the voice of Zira in Disney's direct-to-video film The Lion King II: Simba's Pride in 1998 (replacing Kathleen Turner) and sang the song "My Lullaby". In her last role she appeared as the estranged mother of Megan Mullally's character Karen Walker in three episodes of the NBC sitcom Will & Grace.

Friendships
Madlyn Rhue was her "oldest friend".

Pleshette appears in beach home movies filmed by Roddy McDowall in 1965.

Marriages
Pleshette's 1964 marriage to her Rome Adventure and A Distant Trumpet co-star Troy Donahue ended in divorce after six months.

Her second husband was oilman "Tommy" Thomas Joseph Gallagher III (born January 28, 1934, in Galveston, Texas, to Thomas Joseph Gallagher Jr., and Toy Fay Rice), to whom she was married from March 16, 1968, to his death on January 21, 2000. He survived lung cancer, and later died of E. coli and was buried in Hillside Memorial Park, Culver City, Los Angeles, California. She suffered a miscarriage during her marriage to Gallagher, and they were childless. Asked about children in an October 2000 interview, Pleshette stated: "I certainly would have liked to have had Tommy’s children. But my nurturing instincts are fulfilled in other ways. I have a large extended family; I'm the mother on every set. So if this is my particular karma, that's fine."

In 2001, Pleshette married fellow actor Tom Poston. Poston had been a recurring guest star on The Bob Newhart Show in the 1970s and a Newhart cast member. But long before they worked together on television, Poston and Pleshette had been involved romantically in 1959, when they acted together in the Broadway comedy Golden Fleecing. During the subsequent 40 years, they married others but remained friends. After they were both widowed, the deaths of their spouses brought Poston and Pleshette together again, and they married in 2001. They remained married until his death from respiratory failure in Los Angeles on April 30, 2007.

Pleshette’s last public appearance was with the cast of “The Bob Newhart Show” at The Bob Newhart Show 35th Anniversary Reunion at PaleyLive LA, September 5, 2007, at the Paley Center for Media, in Beverly Hills. She died January 19, 2008.

Gallagher, Pleshette, and Poston are all interred close to each other in the Jewish Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery.

Suzanne Pleshette was the cousin of the actor John Pleshette.

Interests
From 1969 to 1980, Pleshette and Harriet Rosalind Dolin Stuart designed sheets for J.P. Stevens & Co.     She also wrote screenplays under a pen name. She also wrote poems, with some recited on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson.

Illness and death
On August 11, 2006, Pleshette's agent Joel Dean announced that she was being treated for lung cancer at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Three days later, The Herald-Palladium reported that Dean said the cancer was the size of "a grain of sand" when it was found during a routine X-ray, that the cancer was "caught very much in time", that she was receiving chemotherapy as an outpatient and that Pleshette was "in good spirits".

She was later hospitalized for a pulmonary infection and developed pneumonia which caused her to remain in the hospital for an extended period of time. She arrived at a Bob Newhart Show cast reunion in September 2007 in a wheelchair, which raised concern about her health, although she insisted that she was "cancer-free". (She was seated in a regular chair during the actual telecast.) During an interview in USA Today given at the time of the reunion, Pleshette stated that she had been released four days earlier from the hospital where, as part of her cancer treatment, part of one of her lungs had been removed.

Pleshette died on January 19, 2008 in her Los Angeles home. She is buried close to her third husband, Tom Poston (who died the previous year), in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California. She received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Television on January 31, 2008, the walk's 2,355th star, which was placed (at her request ) in front of Frederick's of Hollywood. Bob Newhart, Arte Johnson, and Marcia Wallace spoke at the star's unveiling which had been planned before Pleshette's death. Tina Sinatra accepted the star on Pleshette's behalf.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Suzanne Pleshette


text:
O2 (Ireland)

Telefónica Ireland was a broadband and telecommunications provider in Ireland that traded under the O2 brand (typeset as O2). O2 Ireland was previously called Esat Digifone when it was owned by Esat Telecommunications (and Telenor) from 1997 to 2006.

O2 Ireland became a subsidiary of Telefónica in 2006, after its parent company O2 in the United Kingdom was purchased. In June 2013, Hutchison Whampoa announced it would acquire the Irish arm of O2 for €780 million. O2 was merged into Hutchison Whampoa's subsidiary Three Ireland in March 2015.

1997–2000: Origin
In 1995 the government, with Michael Lowry as Minister for Transport, Energy and Communications, authorised a second mobile phone network, to compete with Eircell owned by the semi-state Telecom Éireann. The licence was awarded to Esat Digifone, a joint venture between Denis O'Brien's company Esat Telecommunications and Norway's Telenor, which began operations in 1997. The Moriarty Tribunal found in 2008 that the awarding of the licence was influenced by payments made to Lowry by O'Brien.

2000–2001: BT ownership.
In 1999, Esat Telecom and Telenor began to dispute how Esat Digifone should be operated. Telenor removed the word Esat from the companies name, and began the attempted removal of Denis O'Brien as chairman of Digifone. Esat Telecom retaliated by threatening to take legal action against Telenor, and make repeated offers to buy Telenor's share of Digifone.

In November 1999, Telenor placed a bid for the entire share capital of Esat Telecom as a way of resolving the conflict. The bid was rejected by the majority shareholders of Esat Telecommunications who voted against the takeover. In January 2000, British Telecommunications counteracted Esat Telecom failed bid by placing its own bid to buy Telenor's shares in Digifone.

In January 2000, British Telecommunications made a takeover offer for Telenor which was backed by Esat Telecommunications shareholders. Esat Telecommunications became a wholly owned subsidiary of British Telecommunications and was delisted from the stock market. When BT acquired Esat, they began integrating the business along with its Northern Ireland subsidiary, BT (NI). This eventually became BT Ireland. However Esat Digifone was not part of the operations integrated with BT's existing Irish operations. Instead, it became part of the BT Wireless division within BT, and was briefly rebranded simply Digifone. This branding lasted for less than six months.

2001–2005: Demerger from BT Ireland
In 2001, the BT Wireless division became mmO2 plc, a separate company, through a demerger from BT. British Telecommunications shareholders received 1 BT Group and 1 mmO2 share for each British Telecommunications share they held. After the de-merger, most of mmO2's operations, including Digifone, were rebranded O2. mmO2 plc later became O2 plc and remained an independent company until 2005.

2005–2006: Telefónica transition
On 31 October 2005 it was announced that Telefónica, S.A., the Spanish telecommunications company, had made a recommended takeover bid for O2 Ireland's parent company, O2 plc. This was then approved by shareholders and O2 was officially purchased in mid February 2006. The O2 brand is now used in several countries for Telefónica's mobile operations outside Spain and Latin America, where Telefónica fixed line and mobile services are branded as Movistar. In January 2009, it was revealed that Ireland was nearly the most profitable market in the world for multinational mobile operators like O2.

2006-2013
On 23 March 2009 Vodafone and O2's parent company Telefónica announced a deal to share their existing networks in Ireland and rollout future infrastructure jointly.

On 6 April 2011 it was announced that Telefónica O2 Ireland and Eircom had agreed a new network sharing partnership.

2013: Hutchison 3 Ireland merger
On 24 June 2013, it was announced that Hutchison Whampoa would acquire Telefónica's Irish mobile operations for €780 million, to be merged into 3 Ireland upon completion of the deal. The deal was cleared by the EU in June 2014. On 15 July 2014, the acquisition was fully completed.

On 2 March 2015 it was announced on social media that O2 Ireland and Three Ireland were merging with O2 posting the following message to their Twitter page:

"Today, O2 will become Three as 1.5 million customers are welcomed into the Three family. This means the O2 logo will be replaced by a Three logo in stores, on the website, and on phones and bills. All the benefits you experienced as an O2 customer remain the same, including the same network quality and award winning customer service. You can also look forward to improved data coverage and superfast broadband."

While Three Ireland posted the following message on their Twitter page:

"Today we welcome 1.5 million customers to Three. This means the O2 logo will be replaced by a Three logo in stores, on the website, and on phones and bills. Please visit our FAQ section if you have any further questions."

This change meant that Three Ireland had over 1.5 million customers on their network putting them up near the customer numbers of Vodafone Ireland.

Services
O2 was the second largest telecommunications provider in Ireland, with approximately 40% market share or 1.6 million customers. The company's STD prefix was 086, but following the introduction of full number portability, some O2 Irish mobile numbers featured prefixes starting 087, 085, 089 or 083, as customers may switch provider but keep their old phone number.

The company provided WAP and GPRS services under the O2 Active brand. In October 2005, O2 Ireland launched a version of NTT DoCoMo's i-mode service. The company held a UMTS licence, and was the third Irish operator to offer 3G services, after Vodafone Ireland and Three Ireland, offering services in some built-up areas in late 2006.

O2 Broadband
In July 2007, O2 launched its mobile broadband offering in Ireland using HSDPA technology over its 3G network. They provided speeds of up to 7.2 Mbit/s and claimed to cover 90% of the population on the least contended Irish 3G network following an upgrade in 2007.

Speak Easy
Speak Easy was the name of O2 Ireland's prepaid service. In 2007 they became the first Irish operator to offer free text messages to all Irish mobile numbers, although it only applied for weekends. However, in early 2008 they introduced a new tariff which offered unlimited free text messages to all networks at any time, for life.

The term "speak easy" was introduced when the company was branded as Esat Digifone

O2 Freedom
The O2 Freedom plans were introduced in June 2013 which offered 2 main new price plans, Freedom talk and Freedom Internet. O2 was the first Irish operator to offer free calls to all networks at any time on prepay. This offer was Freedom Talk and gave customers Unlimited calls to all Irish mobiles and landlines which required a €20 top up of which €10 was deducted for the offer. Freedom Internet offered 1 GB of data and 350 any network texts. Same terms applied as per Freedom talk. In December 2013 the data allowance of 1 GB was increased to 7.5 GB which O2 advertised as Unlimited Internet. Along with the new price plan O2 also launched a vast amount of prepay addons such as Talk, Text, Data, International Talk and International text.

Company structure
In 2010, O2 underwent a restructuring phase, implementing a number of cost-cutting measures which involved outsourcing internal divisions to external companies. O2's IT division was outsourced to IBM Ireland, while the Network Operations division was outsourced to BT Ireland (who also run the network operations for Three Ireland). The Network team outsource was limited to the Field Operations team along with some other support functions. The Network rollout team & Transmission team remained in-house to facilitate future network changes. It was more cost effective to retain these divisions in-house.

Charitable activities
In 2006 O2 chose Irish Autism Action as their charity of choice. The three-year deal involved sponsorship, creating awareness, using O2 staff to assist the charity and using technology developed by O2 to assist children affected by autism. In 2010, the company's charity of choice became Headstrong, a charity providing mental health support to young people.

Sponsorship programmes
Over the years, O2 entered into some very high-profile sponsorship arrangements. In 1998 the then ESAT Digifone committed its support to the Hurlers & Footballers of Cork. They remained sponsors of Cork GAA for ten years.

Another high-profile sponsorship agreement was their association with the Irish Rugby Football Union and the Ireland national team, which has been continued by Three. Building on their rugby links with Shannon RFU, O2 joined forces with the top level of rugby in Ireland. They also sponsored the West Stand at Ireland's former home ground, Lansdowne Road.

They were also the title sponsor of one of the country's most high-profile venue, "The O2", now renamed the "3Arena".

They were title sponsor of the Aisling Foundation's Ability Awards.

Chief executive
Tony Hanway was Chief Executive of Telefónica Ireland from his appointment in September 2011 until March 2015. Hanway first joined Telefónica in Ireland in 2005 as Head of Customer Care, subsequently becoming Consumer Sales Director. Immediately prior to taking the role, Hanway headed up the Consumer division of Telefónica in the Czech Republic, managing a team of over 4000 people across the retail, online and customer care functions.

Criticism
In July 2004 the company admitted overcharging 71,000 customers following a review of its systems. The disclosure meant that 136,535 O2 subscribers - more than 10 per cent of its customer base - were overcharged.

Analysis by the Sunday Independent in January 2006 showed the massive margins being earned by Vodafone and O2 in the country were costing Irish mobile phone users about €300m a year. If the mobile phone companies were to cut their Irish margins to the group average, O2 customers would end up paying €84.07 less every year (€7 a month less).

The European Commission upheld a ruling by the Irish regulatory body, ComReg, that the Irish mobile phone market needed greater competition, and acknowledged that "tacit collusion possibly existed between O2 and Vodafone".

In May 2007, O2 Ireland management announced that the entire O2 Ireland technical staff were to be outsourced to a single Managed Service Provider. The next month O2 customers got a busy signal or no dial tone at all when they tried to make calls due to a network glitch. The reason for the glitch remained a mystery at the time because the company's spokesperson couldn't be reached by the media on her mobile, also seemingly affected by the problem.

The Consumers' Association of Ireland lodged a complaint with the Competition Authority over a loophole used by O2 that allowed it to bombard customers with unwanted text messages.

The telecoms lobby group ALTO criticised O2 Ireland for its decision to quadruple the revenue it generated from calls to the 1850 LoCall number. This is a fixed price, shared cost service used by charities and a number of public service bodies.

The company was criticised for its monthly subscription fees levied on Irish users of the iPhone, as they represented poor value for money when compared with the services available to customers paying similar amounts in the UK. Less than 48 hours after the much hyped launch of Apple's latest model, owners of all phones on the O2 network discovered they could not access the internet at all due to a network failure. Further criticism came from iPhone customers regarding the continued failure of O2 to deploy Visual Voicemail. O2 was the only carrier in the world to launch the original iPhone without Visual Voicemail, one of its headline features.

O2 was responsible for the highest number of registered judgments, which financially blacklists those people who do not pay their bills on time in August 2008.

The Advertising Standards Authority upheld complaints concerning advertisements by O2.

In August 2010, O2 was warned by the telecoms watchdog, ComReg, that it could not move customers to online billing without their explicit agreement.

In March 2011, O2 pleaded guilty to a breach of the Data Protection Act at the Dublin District Court.

In March 2011, it was revealed that Denis O'Brien made payments to the Minister for Communications, Michael Lowry, to aid Esat Digifone's licence bid.

title: O2 (Ireland)


text:
Boca grande

Boca grande is Spanish for big mouth. It may also refer to:

Places

 * Bocagrande, Cartagena de Indias, Bolívar, Colombia
 * Bocagrande channel, Cartagena Bay, Cartagena, Colombia
 * Boca Grande, Florida, United States
 * Boca Grande, Venezuela
 * Boca Grande Key, Florida, United States

Other

 * Boca Grande Community Center, also known as Boca Grande School, a historic site in Boca Grande, Florida
 * Boca Grande Quarantine Station, a historic site in Boca Grande, Florida
 * Boca Grande Taqueria, a restaurant in Boston, Massachusetts
 * Port Boca Grande Light, part of the Gasparilla Island Lights in Boca Grande, Florida

title: Boca grande


text:
Howard Swearer

Howard Robert Swearer (March 13, 1932 – October 19, 1991) was an American educator. He served as the sixth president of Carleton College, serving from 1970 to 1977, and the 15th president of Brown University between 1977 and 1988. His death from cancer shocked and saddened the Brown community, as few had known of his illness.

Early life and education
Swearer was born on March 13, 1932, in Hutchinson, Kansas. His undergraduate work was at Princeton University, graduating in 1954. He earned a master's and a Ph.D. in political science from Harvard University, in 1956 and 1960, respectively. After receiving his doctorate, he became a political science professor at UCLA, teaching there from 1960 to 1967. He left UCLA to work for Ford Foundation from 1967 to 1970, working in their International Division.

Carleton College
Swearer served as Carleton's president from 1970 to 1977. Carleton's new Music and Drama Center, which had been in the planning stages since 1960, was finally dedicated during his administration, as was the new Seely G. Mudd Hall of Science. He also oversaw a successful capital campaign during this period.

It was during the Swearer administration that Carleton's Winter Break was extended from four to six weeks by moving the start date of fall term two weeks earlier. Due to the high fuel prices in 1974 with the OPEC embargo, Swearer and the college's treasurer suggested the change might save fuel (not only would the college be largely unoccupied for a longer period during the colder months of November and December, but students who wished to visit home for Thanksgiving would not need to return to campus immediately afterward and then head home again a week or two later). Though students were at the time opposed to the change, their objections were overruled and it was put into effect for the 1974-1975 school year. A poll taken in 1975 found a high level of support for the change, and Carleton has had a six-week winter break ever since.

Brown University
President Swearer left Carleton in 1977 to become president of Brown University, where he served until December 1988. During his tenure there, he led another successful capital campaign that increased several research grants and allowed for several deferred building projects to go forward. In 1985, Swearer helped found Campus Compact, a national non-profit dedicated to the civic purpose of higher education and the development of future democratic leaders. Swearer believed universities should be communities of compassionate people involved in serious intellectual pursuits, but never divorced from the realities of their communities. In 1987, he formed what is now known as the Howard R. Swearer Center for Public Service at Brown.

Retirement
Following his term as Brown's president, he was appointed as the director of Brown's Institute for International Studies. He later moved to Thompson, Connecticut, where he died of cancer on October 19, 1991. Swearer's wife Janet died in 2020.

Trivia

 * President Swearer's son, Nick, built Iggy, a 40 ft long iron sculpture of an iguana that stands in front of the Science Museum of Minnesota, when he was a high school student in Northfield. At one point during construction, Iggy was stolen from the Swearers' driveway and placed on a bridge on campus.

title: Howard Swearer


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Kingdom of Madness (Edguy album)

Kingdom of Madness is the second album by the German power metal band Edguy, released in 1997. It is usually referred to as their "official" debut album since it was the first to be professionally recorded and to receive record company distribution.

Track listing
All lyrics by Tobias Sammet. Music as indicated.

 * 1) "Paradise" (Sammet, Jens Ludwig) – 6:24
 * 2) "Wings of a Dream" (Sammet) – 5:24
 * 3) "Heart of Twilight" (Sammet, Ludwig) – 5:32
 * 4) "Dark Symphony" (Sammet, Ludwig) – 1:05
 * 5) "Deadmaker" (Sammet, Ludwig) – 5:15
 * 6) "Angel Rebellion" (Sammet, Ludwig) – 6:44
 * 7) "When a Hero Cries" (Sammet) – 3:59
 * 8) "Steel Church" (Sammet, Ludwig, Dominik Storch) – 6:29
 * 9) "The Kingdom" (Sammet) – 18:23

Personnel

 * Band members
 * Tobias Sammet – vocals, bass, piano, keyboards
 * Jens Ludwig – guitar
 * Dirk Sauer – guitar
 * Dominik Storch – drums

 * Additional musicians
 * Chris Boltendahl (from Grave Digger) - guest vocals on track 9

 * Production
 * Erik Grösch - producer, engineer
 * Ralph Hubert - engineer

title: Kingdom of Madness (Edguy album)


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Forest of Bere

The Forest of Bere is a mixed-use partially forested area in Hampshire immediately north of Fareham, Portsmouth and Roman Road, Havant and including a small part of the South Downs National Park.

The former uninterrupted forest is now a mix of woodland, open space, ponds, streams, heathland, farmland and downland interspersed by minor villages and the major settlements of Waterlooville (with Cowplain) and Eastleigh (with Chandlers Ford). There are a number of paths and bridleways for walking and cycling. In the southern portion, towards the area south of the Queen Elizabeth Country Park, conifer plantations were created in the twentieth century.

History
In the 13th and 14th centuries, two royal forests formed a greater forerunner of the later vestigial forest between the New Forest and the Sussex border. North of Southampton between the rivers Test and Itchen was the Royal Forest of Bere Ashley. North of Portsmouth between the River Meon and the suburb of Bedhampton was the Royal Forest of Bere Portchester.

Woodland habitats and contiguous country parks
Listed from east to west, excluding small copses and coppices
 * Southleigh Forest
 * Staunton Country Park
 * The Holt with Stein Wood and Havant Thicket
 * Bells Copse
 * Outhills Copse with Stakehills Coppice and Beech Wood
 * Bushy Lease with Neville's Park and Littlepark Wood
 * The Queen's Inclosure in Waterlooville
 * Newlandsmoor Coppice with Malin's Coppice, Drivett's Coppice, Portland Coppice, Potwall Coppice, Broomground Coppice and Greathunt Coppice
 * Dunsland Coppice with Wards Coppice and Fareham Garden (wood adjoining above group)
 * Sawyer's Wood
 * Creech Woods
 * Place Wood
 * Mitchelland Copse
 * Stroud Coppice
 * Hipley Copse
 * Waltonheath Plantation with Ashlands Plantation and Staplecross Copse
 * Goathouse Copse with Russell Copse and Kiln Wood
 * Grub Coppice with Mill Coppice
 * West Walk (one of the largest woods) (with Lowerfield Copse and Upperfield Copse)
 * Dirty Copse with Great Holywell Copse
 * Mill Copse with Hoegate Commons, The Purlieu and Huntbourn Wood
 * Orchard Copse with Birching Copse
 * Close Wood and Bishop's Wood
 * Shaftesbury Copse, Aylesbury Copse with Ravens Wood, Birchfield Copse, Dash Wood, Dandy Copse and Fiddlers Green
 * Mushes Coppice with Everitts Coppice, Stonyfield Copse, Flagpond Copse, Sager's Moor, Dimmock's Moor, Ridge Copse, Blackmoor Copse, Waterclose Copse and Sawpit Copse
 * Brook Wood with Horse Wood, Hallwood Copse, Mansfield High Wood, Hole Copse and Silford Copse
 * Jacob's Croft, Hangman's Copse, Blacklands Copse, Birch Row, Alder Moor, Maids' Garden Copse and Botley Row (wood that adjoins above group)
 * Gull Coppice and Bushy Land, in Swanwick
 * Wellspring Copse with Swanwick Wood
 * Manor Farm Country Park with Dock Copse, Catiland Copse, Vantage Copse and Durncombe's Copse
 * Netley Common with Dumbleton's Copse
 * Telegraph Woods with Beacon Hill Woodland Park
 * Hog Wood with Milkmeads Copse, Vocus Copse, High Wood and/in Itchen Valley Country Park
 * Home Wood with Smithys Wood, Cox's Rough, Hut Wood, Marshall's Rows, Spring Copse and Chilworth Common
 * Otterbourne Park Wood and Pitmore Copse
 * Home Copse, Long Copse and Rownhams Plantation
 * The woods that cover most of Cranbury Park
 * Windmill Copse
 * Hocombe Plantation with Trodds Copse
 * Broadgate Plantation
 * Ampfield Wood with Neville's Copse, Amprield Plantation and Hursley Forest

title: Forest of Bere


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Frank Swinnerton

Frank Arthur Swinnerton (12 August 1884 – 6 November 1982) was an English novelist, critic, biographer and essayist.

He was the author of more than 50 books, and as a publisher's editor helped other writers including Aldous Huxley and Lytton Strachey. His long life and career in publishing made him one of the last links with the generation of writers that included H. G. Wells, John Galsworthy and Arnold Bennett.

Biography
Swinnerton was born in Wood Green, a suburb of London, the son of Charles Swinnerton, a copperplate engraver, and Rose, née Cottam.

Career
Swinnerton left school at the age of 14 and was employed as an office boy for a newspaper publisher, Hay, Nisbet & Co and then as a clerk-receptionist by J. M. Dent, publishers of Everyman's Library. He moved on to the publishing house of Chatto & Windus, first as a proof-reader and then as an editor. Although he began writing novels in 1909, he continued editing until he became a full-time author in 1926. Even then, he also worked as literary critic for the magazine Truth, the London Evening News (1929–32) and The Observer (1937–43).

As a novelist, Swinnerton achieved critical and commercial success with Nocturne in 1917, and remained a successful writer for the rest of his life. His last novel, Some Achieve Greatness (1976), was published when he was in his early nineties. Some critics detected echoes of George Gissing and Arnold Bennett in Swinnerton's work, but he himself thought his chief influences were Henry James, Henrik Ibsen and Louisa May Alcott.

His prose style was "natural and lucid", and he was disapproving of over-intellectual or pretentious writing. In The Georgian Literary Scene, an evocation of the era of the gentlemanly man of letters in its final years, he wrote, "If I dwell for a moment longer, as I fear I must, upon the weakness of too much scholarship in the arts, it is because I think scholarship is nowadays excessively valued as a necessary preliminary to creative writing." Of all of his critical contributions, The Georgian Literary Scene stands out, and it is still used by those who study the period. The New York Times declared it "wholly – and most refreshingly – unlike other literary histories." Swinnerton himself said of his work: "My best books, in my own opinion, are Harvest Comedy and The Georgian Literary Scene, but I do not regard either one as of lasting importance.... I live in the country, am very lazy, work unwillingly very hard, and have few intolerances."

Personal life
Swinnerton lived for more than fifty years in Old Tokefield, Cranleigh, Surrey, a rural spot not far from London. He was twice married; his first marriage, in 1917, to the poet Helen Dircks, ended in divorce. In 1924 he married Mary Dorothy Bennett, with whom he had one daughter. Swinnerton died at Old Tokefield at the age of 98. His obituary notice in The Times began by noting that his death "breaks one of the last links with his great contemporaries, Wells, Galsworthy and Arnold Bennett."

title: Frank Swinnerton


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Talk:Stars on 45

"The '45' in the title refers to the playback speed of a vinyl record single - 45 rpm. Such singles were often simply called "45s". (information provided for the benefit of anyone born after 1984)." Removed the bit in parentheses because it strikes me as somewhat patronising. Bonalaw 10:26, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

-

Patronising but perhaps somewhat neccessary, i'd sympathise with the comment - i doubt many people younger than my brother (a 1984 baby) could tell you straight up what the number represented. I'm a couple of years older and the vinyl single was pretty much a goner by the time I was in a music buying position at about 11 or 12 years old. PS I like weird al's polka mixes, but the only example I have of the 'real' stars on 45 type medley (oddly enough a CD, the first i ever bought at around 11 years old) is a pretty dire record.. two 30-minute mixes (so really more like stars on LP) by Chartbusta and the Megamixers. It's got all the familiar hits of the time, but my word, does it sound nasty. Hope most of the SO45s are better quality than this... 82.36.132.148 02:31, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Other similar acts
This section needs significant trimming -- it's largely an indiscriminate collection of medleys, many of which are irrelevant. While Stars On 45 can undoubtedly be credited with kicking off the early 1980s medley craze, it doesn't follow that every single medley recording released since that date should be mentioned. The relevant ones would seem to be those that use the "On 45" structure in their name. I'm going to have a crack at cutting it down. Gusworld (talk) 08:16, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
 * I think it is important to state that Stars on 45 didn't invent the concept, wich don't hurt the fact that they were the most successful, bringing it to a #1 position in charts while Cafe Creme was "only" #17 in Netherlands in 1977 (Netherlands is Stars on 45 country). Later, I think it is linked that the Beach Boys and the Beatles companies released their own medley. Of course the article really needed a clarification, I just think you cut a bit too much.--JackAttackFR (talk) 08:08, 22 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stars on 45


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Gerard Swope

Gerard Swope (December 1, 1872 – November 20, 1957) was an American electronics businessman. He served as the president of General Electric Company between 1922 and 1940, and again from 1942 until 1945. During this time Swope expanded GE's product offerings, reorienting GE toward consumer home appliances, and offering consumer credit services.

Biography
Swope was born in St. Louis, Missouri, to Ida and Isaac Swope, Jewish immigrants from Germany. He graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1895. He married Mary Dayton Hill. He was the brother of Herbert Bayard Swope, and father of Henrietta Swope and John Swope, the Hollywood and Life Magazine photographer who married actress Dorothy McGuire.

He is possibly best known for his labor relations innovations. At General Electric, Swope implemented numerous labor reforms, making conditions better for employees with voluntary unemployment insurance, profit-sharing, and other programs that were considered radical in their day. Swope increased sales and overall efficiency (economics), earning high profits and market share and focused on employee training, retention, and loyalty. Before the passage of the Wagner Act, Swope "had long supported labor legislation."

He served as Chairman of The Business Council, then known as the Business Advisory Council, for the United States Department of Commerce in 1933. Swope's other Roosevelt administration roles included member, Industrial Advisory Board of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) (1933); member, Bureau of Advertising and Planning of the Department of Commerce (1933); chairman, Coal Advisory Board (1933); member, National Labor Board (1933); member, President's Advisory Council on Economic Security (1934); and member, Advisory Council on Social Security (1937–1938). Swope was Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in 1942, when he was chairman of the committee to Study Budgets of Relief Appeals for Foreign Countries. For his work, he won the Hoover Medal.

Later life
In 1949, Swope made his first visit to Israel at the suggestion of friends who were active in the Palestine Economic Corporation. On the trip, Swope expressed that he would consider moving to a kibbutz "if he didn't love New York so much." He was a long-time sponsor of the American Technion Society, which supported Technion University in Haifa.

He died in New York City on November 20, 1957. In 2005, Forbes Magazine ranked Swope as the 20th most influential businessman of all time.

Swope Plan
In September 1931, Swope presented a proposal for recovery. Under the Swope plan, the Federal Trade Commission would supervise trade associations established for each industry. Trade associations would cover every company with at least 50 employees after three years. Associations would regulate output and set prices. Workers would receive life insurance, pensions, and unemployment insurance paid for in part by employers. The Chamber of Commerce and other conservative groups provided enthusiastic support.

President Herbert Hoover, who strongly supported voluntary trade associations, denounced the plan for being compulsory, inefficient, and monopolistic.

In an oral history interview, Leon H. Keyserling said the New Deal's National Industrial Recovery Act "started as a trade association act. The original draft of the act grew out of the so-called Gerard Swope plan for Recovery." When asked in November 1933 about an updated Swope Plan, President Roosevelt said, "Mr. Swope's plan is a very interesting theoretical suggestion in regard to some ultimate development of N.R.A."

Honors

 * Hoover Medal, 1942
 * Legion of Honor (France)
 * Order of the Rising Sun (Japan)
 * Honorary doctorates from Rutgers, Union, Colgate, Stevens Institute of Technology, Washington University in St. Louis, and Haifa Institute of Technology.

title: Gerard Swope


text:
Empire (Queensrÿche album)

Empire is the fourth full-length studio album by the American heavy metal band Queensrÿche, released on August 20, 1990. The album is Queensrÿche's most commercially successful release, reaching triple-platinum status. The primary single, the power ballad "Silent Lucidity", reached number 1 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks and number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Silent Lucidity" was also nominated in 1992 for the Grammy Awards for Best Rock Song and Best Rock Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group. The album won a 1991 Northwest Area Music Award for Best Metal Recording.

Reception
Empire has received generally positive reviews from critics since its release.

AllMusic praised the album, selecting the songs "Jet City Woman", "Empire", and "Silent Lucidity" as the album's best tracks. The review stated that the band went for "a song-oriented approach that is more art rock and less metal" with lyrics that talk about social and physical handicaps in "Best I Can" and issues such as poverty and regret in "Della Brown" and romance with "Another Rainy Night (Without You)" and "Hand On Heart". The reviewer concluded by praising the band's mature sound and the work of producer Peter Collins.

Record Collector gave the 20th anniversary edition of the album a generally positive review. The reviewer called the album a "very pleasant, but only intermittently gripping" listen, identifying the songs "Best I Can", "Silent Lucidity", and "Jet City Woman" as some of the band's best material. Comparing Empire to the band's earlier albums, The Warning and Rage for Order, the reviewer wrote that it is "a little boring". The reviewer concluded by calling the live CD accompanying the re-issue "flawless", making it a "worthwhile reissue". PopMatters reviewer Adrien Begrand also reviewed the album's 20th anniversary release. Begrand called the album an "enigma" that's "beautifully produced and features some of the band's quintessential songs, but at the same time it's a rather bloated, conceptually scattershot piece of work containing filler that honestly has not aged very well". Begrand praised the songs "Empire", "Another Rainy Night", and "Silent Lucidity", calling them the album's best tracks, favorably comparing "Silent Lucidity" to Pink Floyd's "Comfortably Numb", which also includes orchestra arrangements from Michael Kamen. Begrand had a mixed reaction to the live CD and referred to the cover of "Scarborough Fair" as being "abysmal".

Jim Farber of Entertainment Weekly was highly critical of the album. He criticized both the album's progressive metal riffs, calling them "tuneless bombast", and the dire nature of the lyrics. Farber concluded his review by calling the band members "relentless killjoys".

Personnel

 * Queensrÿche
 * Geoff Tate – vocals, keyboards
 * Chris DeGarmo – six-string and 12-string electric and acoustic guitars, keyboards (on "Best I Can"), lead guitar (on "Best I Can", "Jet City Woman", "Silent Lucidity", "Anybody Listening"), harmony vocals (on "Anybody Listening"), backing vocals
 * Michael Wilton – six-string and 12-string electric and acoustic guitars, lead guitar (on "Empire", "Resistance", "Another Rainy Night")
 * Eddie Jackson – bass, backing vocals
 * Scott Rockenfield – drums, percussion

 * Additional personnel
 * Michael Kamen – orchestral arrangements on "Silent Lucidity", conductor
 * Randy Gane – answering machine message on "Empire"
 * Robert Bailey – keyboards, keyboard programming

 * Production
 * Peter Collins – producer
 * James Barton – engineer, mixing at Royal Recorders Studios, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin
 * Marcus Ramaer – assistant engineer
 * Dan Harjung – mixing assistant
 * Paul Northfield – engineer on tracks 6, 12, 14
 * Neil Kernon – producer and engineer on track 13
 * Tom Hall – engineer on track 13, assistant engineer on tracks 6, 12, 14
 * Bob Ludwig – mastering at Masterdisk, New York
 * Evren Göknar – 2003 and 20th anniversary edition remastering at Capitol Mastering, Hollywood

title: Empire (Queensrÿche album)


text:
Henrietta Hill Swope

Henrietta Hill Swope (October 26, 1902 – November 24, 1980) was an American astronomer who studied variable stars. In particular, she measured the period-luminosity relation for Cepheid stars, which are bright variable stars whose periods of variability relate directly to their intrinsic luminosities. Their measured periods can therefore be related to their distances and used to measure the size of the Milky Way and distances to other galaxies.

Personal life
She was the daughter of Mary Hill and Gerard Swope, and niece of Herbert Bayard Swope. Both of her parents taught at Hull-House in Chicago in the late 1890s, where they met. Her father had attended MIT and was an engineer. He worked for General Electric, eventually rising to be president of the company in 1922 and enabling his daughter to be independently wealthy throughout her life.

She learned of talks at Maria Mitchell Observatory while vacationing with her family on Nantucket, and took an evening class there alongside her brother. She also heard Harvard astronomer Harlow Shapley speak; eventually she would go to work with him on variable stars.

Education
Swope attended Barnard College, and graduated in 1925, with an AB degree in mathematics. She only took an astronomy class, from Harold Jacoby, in her final year.

After college, she went back to Chicago and attended the School of Social Service Administration, at the University of Chicago, but only for one year.

While working with Harlow Shapley, she obtained her Masters in Astronomy in 1928 from Radcliffe College.

Professional history
She learned that Dr. Shapley at Harvard was offering fellowships for women to work on finding variable stars. Swope went to work for Shapley in 1926 and began working alongside other "girls" to identify variable stars in the Milky Way. She became friends with Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin and Adelaide Ames. She supported herself on a salary from Harvard and a stipend from her family. She became an expert on estimating magnitudes of stars from images on photographic plates.

Swope left Harvard to work for MIT's staff radiation laboratory in 1942. In her Oral History, she says, "...they said, 'How much were you getting [at Harvard]?' And I said, I think, $2000. That’s what they say they would pay me, what I was getting, but that was too little for them. They couldn't. So I rose fairly quickly." From 1942-1947, she worked on the LORAN navigation tables.

From 1947 until 1952, Swope taught astronomy at Barnard College and Connecticut College for Women and did research using old plates from Harvard.

In 1952, Walter Baade of the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Observatories asked her, via Martin Schwarzschild as an intermediary, to come work with him on variable stars detected in other galaxies by the new 200-inch Hale Telescope at Palomar Observatory. Although she was hired as Baade's research assistant, in the "nebular-studies" group, she worked independently even to the point of writing scientific publications with his name on them after his death. She stayed at the Carnegie Institution for the rest of her career; she officially retired in 1968.

In 1964, a paper by Baade & Swope reported the results of light curves for 275 Cepheids derived by Swope from photographic plates of the Andromeda Galaxy taken at the relatively new Hale 200-inch Telescope at Palomar Mountain. They reported a new distance to M31, given as a distance modulus of 24.25. They followed up this work in 1963 with new results of 20 Cepheids in a region of Andromeda less affected by extinction and estimated a new distance modulus of 24.20 mag.

Legacy
In 1967, Swope made a donation of securities valued at $650,000 to the Carnegie Institution of Washington to develop "optical astronomical observatory facilities in the Southern Hemisphere." This gift was used for development of the site, including roads, water, and power systems, and for building a 40-inch telescope at Carnegie's Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. This telescope was named the Swope Telescope in her honor; it started operation in 1971 and is still used today. Swope also left most of her estate to Carnegie to support further Las Campanas and astronomical research at the institution more generally.

Henrietta Hill Swope died at the age of 78 in Pasadena in California.

Awards and honors

 * Annie J. Cannon Award in 1968
 * Asteroid 2168 Swope is named in her honor.
 * Barnard Distinguished Alumnae Award, 1975
 * The Swope Telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile is named in her honor.
 * Honorary PhD, 1975, University of Basel, Switzerland
 * Barnard College Medal of Distinction, 1980

title: Henrietta Hill Swope


text:
Herbert Bayard Swope

Herbert Bayard Swope Sr. (January 5, 1882 – June 20, 1958) was an American editor, journalist and intimate of the Algonquin Round Table. Swope spent most of his career at the New York World. He was the first and three-time recipient of the Pulitzer Prize for Reporting. Swope was called the greatest reporter of his time by Lord Northcliffe of the London Daily Mail.

Background
Herbert Bayard Swope was born on January 5, 1882, in St. Louis, Missouri, to German immigrants Ida Cohn and Isaac Swope, a watchcase maker. He was the youngest of four children – the younger brother of businessman and General Electric president Gerard Swope.

Career
Swope was the first recipient of the Pulitzer Prize for Reporting in 1917 for a series of articles that year entitled "Inside the German Empire" The articles formed the basis for a book released in 1917 entitled Inside the German Empire: In the Third Year of the War (ISBN 9781436646178), which he co-authored with James W. Gerard.

He is known for saying, "I can't give you a sure-fire formula for success, but I can give you a formula for failure: try to please everybody all the time." He is also credited with coining the phrase "Cold War".

Although standard editorial pages have been printed by newspapers for many centuries, Swope established the first modern op-ed page in 1921. When he took over as editor in 1920, he realized that the page opposite the editorials was "a catchall for book reviews, society boilerplate, and obituaries." He wrote:"It occurred to me that nothing is more interesting than opinion when opinion is interesting, so I devised a method of cleaning off the page opposite the editorial, which became the most important in America... and thereon I decided to print opinions, ignoring facts."

He hired the widowed Consuela Sheridan (nee Frewen), the maternal cousin of Winston Churchill, as a roving reporter in Europe, and she landed many scoops including interviews with the negotiating parties for Irish Independence.

Swope served as the editor for New York World's 21-day crusade against the Ku Klux Klan in October 1921, which won the newspaper the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service in 1922. As an example of investigative journalism, it was ranked 81st of the top 100 journalism stories of the 20th century by New York University's journalism department.

He was a legendary poker player, at one point winning over $470,000 in a game with an oil baron, a steel magnate, and an entertainer. He was also a member of a social club, the precursor to the Algonquin Round Table known as the Thanatopsis Inside Straight and Pleasure Club. He was inducted into the Croquet Hall of Fame of the United States Croquet Association in 1979 and his son Herbert Bayard Swope, Jr. in 1981.

Mansion
Swope died in 1958, aged 76, at his home, known as Land's End, Prospect Point, Sands Point, New York. He hosted parties with the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, Vivien Leigh and Laurence Olivier, Dorothy Parker, Harpo Marx, Winston Churchill, Averell Harriman, Albert Einstein, Alexander Woollcott – as well as F. Scott Fitzgerald. These associations, along with other similarities to the houses and events in The Great Gatsby, helped give rise to unsubstantiated reports that Fitzgerald had modeled Daisy Buchanan's home in the 1925 novel after Swope's home.

However, Swope did not buy Land's End until late 1928. The more likely explanation that ties Swope to Fitzgerald is the time period of 1922–24, when Fitzgerald was living in nearby Great Neck. Prior to buying the Sands Point mansion, Swope had been renting a home since 1919 on East Shore Road in Great Neck, overlooking Manhasset Bay. The property was directly north of 325 East Shore Road, the residence of sportswriter Ring Lardner. The two were good friends. David O. Selznick and Jock Whitney met at the home many times throughout the 20s and 30s and held meetings at the mansion that secured funding for Gone with the Wind.

Other reports suggest the home, built in 1902, had been designed by Stanford White – although most sources dispute the claim.

The clapboard colonial mansion included 15 bedrooms and 14 baths (eleven full baths), a seven-car garage, a tennis court with a tennis pavilion, a rose garden and a guest house – on 13.35 acres. The 20000 sqft waterfront mansion had originally been built for clothing merchant John S. Browning Sr. in 1911 and originally named Kidd's Rocks. It was purchased in 1921 by Malcolm D. Sloane, whose wife renamed the estate "Keewaydin". The house had been a site for a Vanity Fair photo shoot with Madonna and had been a location for the 1978 shooting of The Greek Tycoon, a film on the life of Aristotle Onassis.

Keith Richards' family lived there for a time in the early 1980s. Charles Shipman Payson and his wife, Virginia Kraft, purchased the house in the 1980s. In 2005 she sold the house to developer Bert Brodsky of Port Washington for $17.5 million. "They misrepresented themselves", Payson told The Observer, "I would not show it to any developer. He said that his life's ambition was to live in that manor, but it was very clear at the closing that they had no intention of living in it. They are the most awful people I have ever heard of, and that includes terrorists and dictators. They have taken a work of art and permitted it to be totally decimated. It was in pristine condition when I left ... He let it fall apart. He stripped everything out that he could sell, which is sacrilegious. I went by the house perhaps two years after we sold it, and that's when I realized how he was going to get around the town's objections. Broken windows, storming in—it's sinful". In 2011, the home was demolished and the property was subdivided.

title: Herbert Bayard Swope


text: Category:Edguy albums

title: Category:Edguy albums


text:
Vain Glory Opera

Vain Glory Opera is the third (or second "official") studio album by the German power metal band Edguy, released in 1998. It was mixed by Stratovarius' Timo Tolkki, who also played additional lead guitar on "Out Of Control", and featured additional lead and backing vocals by Hansi Kürsch of Blind Guardian on "Out of Control" and the title track "Vain Glory Opera." Further choir vocals were supplied by Ralf Zdiarstek and Norman Meiritz. At the time of recording the album, Edguy had not yet chosen a permanent drummer to succeed Dominik Storch. So session musician Frank Lindenthal, a good friend of the band, was asked to play drums on the album.

"Hymn" is a cover version of the song from the album Quartet (1982) by the British new wave band Ultravox.

Track listing
Music and lyrics by Tobias Sammet, except where indicated

 * 1) "Overture" – 1:31
 * 2) "Until We Rise Again" – 4:28
 * 3) "How Many Miles" (Edguy, Sammet) – 5:39
 * 4) "Scarlet Rose" – 5:10
 * 5) "Out of Control" (Edguy, Sammet) – 5:04
 * 6) "Vain Glory Opera" – 6:08
 * 7) "Fairytale" (Edguy, Sammet) – 5:11
 * 8) "Walk on Fighting" (Edguy, Sammet) – 4:46
 * 9) "Tomorrow" – 3:53
 * 10) "No More Foolin'" (Edguy, Sammet) – 4:55
 * 11) "Hymn" (Midge Ure, Billy Currie, Chris Cross, Warren Cann) – 4:53 (Ultravox cover)
 * 12) "But Here I Am" - 4:33 (Japanese edition bonus track)

Personnel

 * Band members
 * Tobias Sammet – vocals, bass, keyboards
 * Jens Ludwig – guitars
 * Dirk Sauer – guitars

 * Additional musicians
 * Frank Lindenthal – drums
 * Ralf Zdiarstek, Norman Meiritz, Andy Allendörfer – backing vocals
 * Hansi Kürsch – additional vocals on tracks 5 and 6
 * Timo Tolkki – guitar solo on track 5

 * Production
 * Andy Allendörfer, Nils Wasko - executive producers
 * Norman Meiritz - engineer
 * Timo Tolkki - mixing
 * Mika Jussila - mastering at Finnvox Studios, Helsinki

title: Vain Glory Opera


text:
Talk:B105 FM

Untitled
From VfD:

I am not sure how big this radio station is, but it seems very local and not WikiWorthy. -- Solitude 13:40, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * All radio stations are local. No vote.  Rick'''K 19:23, Jul 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, but what about my local radio stations? If B105 is really that popular, one of "Brisbane's youth" will come in and do a better job writing up this substub.  Delete.  --Ardonik 20:47, Jul 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Totally uninformative kiddie-wiki. Looks like one of their listeners posted this.  Delete. - Lucky 6.9 22:54, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * In order for radio station articles to have a non-local point-of-view, the best title for the station's Wikipedia article is its callsign; so if this article is kept; (I know it probably won't be; this is just a comment) it should be renamed to the callsign. 66.245.118.165 23:49, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Good point, but European and Australian stations no longer use call letters.  That's pretty much relegated to North America and Mexico. - Lucky 6.9 00:11, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: no evidence of notability. Wile E. Heresiarch 02:19, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: B105 is Brisbane's highest-rating radio station, so probably as noteworthy as many radio stations covered in the 'pedia. --Rlandmann 05:34, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: At this point, it's a single sentence, and the article has been listed on VfD for a few days, now. Even if something is notable, the article has to say something to inform the reader, and I don't think this does it.  I'm not sure that this single sentence would inspire a knowledgeable visitor to contribute more than a lack of it would.  Geogre 01:44, 19 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, but mark as a stub. This is a major station (I live in Australia, but nowhere near Brisbane - and I've definitely heard of it). Chuq 04:03, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

Morning Show
A big chunk of the article seems to be about the morning/breakfast show. Are any of the other shows notable? I seem to remember someone from the station threatening to bury Frenzal Rhomb, noteworthy? --Aioth 11:44, 17 November 2006 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 22:13, 8 March 2021 (UTC)
 * B105 2020.png

Antenna Information (1987)
This is a small amount of documentation pulled from the B105 archives, these documents are over 30 years old and are unlikely to contain any sensitive information that can be used today. Even so, I have chosen not to upload a large portion of the documents (100+) as they discuss an issue with the antenna provider which contains TVQ phone numbers, order numbers, addresses, bank details and more, it is possible I can share these if I redact the info manually but given the current lack of local interest in radio I do not consider it to be worth the time or risk.

The primary purpose of sharing this is to archive part of Brisbane's history, not affect the current/future operations of B105 and Triple M.

If you have any further questions regarding this documentation or the other files that remain, please contact me through the wiki only, consider this an anonymous source.

https://www.dropbox.com/s/jokys4mscec018c/Clipboard_20220826%20%282%29.png?dl=0 https://www.dropbox.com/s/7ie7j9rjp1qliae/Clipboard_20220826%20%283%29.png?dl=0 https://www.dropbox.com/s/l1mskevw83axwbo/ten.png?dl=0 https://www.dropbox.com/s/jnrsnylkezaavog/Clipboard_20220826%20%284%29.png?dl=0 https://www.dropbox.com/s/u2k9p9jih92e596/Clipboard_20220826.png?dl=0 B105contributer (talk) 12:34, 26 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:B105 FM


text:
Chris Taylor (comedian)

Christopher Thornton Taylor (born 15 July 1974) is an Australian comedy writer, performer and broadcaster from Sydney. As a member of The Chaser, he is best known for co-writing and appearing on satirical ABC Television shows CNNNN (2002–2003) and The Chaser's War on Everything (2006 – July 2009). He formerly co-hosted the drive radio show Today Today (2004–05) on Triple J with fellow Chaser member Craig Reucassel, and in 2007, he wrote the musical comedy Dead Caesar. Taylor also hosted the mini documentary series 'Australia's Heritage: National Treasures'. In 2010, with his Chaser colleague Andrew Hansen, Taylor made a musical comedy series for Triple J titled The Blow Parade, which became the number one podcast in the country, and won the 2010 ARIA Award for Best Comedy Release. In 2019, Taylor was the creator and co-writer of the drama Upright starring Tim Minchin. The series screened to critical acclaim in both Australia and the UK.

Early years
Taylor grew up on Sydney's Northern Beaches and North Shore and attended Shore School, North Sydney.

After completing secondary school, Taylor undertook an arts degree at the University of Sydney, and also studied play-writing at NIDA. But at 21 he abandoned play-writing and went back to university to study journalism at University of Technology, Sydney. In 1997 he moved to Melbourne after the ABC offered him a journalism cadetship there.

For five years Taylor worked as an ABC journalist, including two years as a court reporter. He covered cases including the murder of toddler Jaidyn Leskie, the fatal Longford gas fire and the unsuccessful defamation action by the then Victorian premier Jeff Kennett against The Australian. Taylor then moved back to Sydney in 2001 to work full-time for The Chaser's newspaper, and ultimately became a Chaser member.

Chris is also a cricketer and plays in an amateur team "The Mighty Ducks" with Julian Morrow and Charles Firth.

CNNNN
In 2001, Andrew Denton got hold of one of The Chaser's newspapers and gave them the opportunity to produce a television show, hence The Chaser team produced their first ABC Television program The Election Chaser, which covered the 2001 Australian federal election. They then went on to create other television shows for ABC TV, including two series of the Logie Award-winning CNNNN in 2002–03 (in which Taylor portrayed a chief commentator), and The Chaser Decides in 2004, which covered the 2004 Australian federal election.

Triple J
In addition to his roles on television, Taylor has teamed up with Chaser colleague Andrew Hansen to write and star in a musical comedy series, The Blow Parade, on Australian radio station Triple J from 14 April 2010 until 26 May 2010. The program will also be available to download free of charge for a limited time.

Taylor also united with fellow Chaser Craig Reucassel to present the Triple J drive slot, Today Today in 2004–2005.

As part of his role on Today Today, Taylor wrote and voiced a weekly Coma FM sketch, satirising the formats and style of commercial radio. He also co-hosted the radio program Bloody Sunday with Reucassel in 2006 and 2007. During the shows Chris would regularly ask listeners to "go for broke" and vandalise Wikipedia pages. Tara Reid, Peter Overton and Wikipedia's own Wikipedia page were chosen targets. And in 2008 Taylor and Reucassel returned to present The Race Race, covering the US presidential election. The show quickly became the number one podcast in the country.

Taylor also has the distinction of being Roy Slaven's official understudy at Triple J, broadcasting alongside HG Nelson on This Sporting Life and a Twenty20 cricket game on the couple of instances when Roy Slaven was absent.

In a notable instance while working at Triple J, Taylor agreed to streak across the grounds of the Sydney Big Day Out if the theme song from Media Watch polled in the 'Triple J Hottest 100' Countdown. It was announced that in terms of votes counted, the Media Watch theme had in fact come in at number 7, and Taylor proceeded to do his nude run in front of a large group of spectators.

The Chaser's War on Everything
Taylor, who's often referred to as "Tayls" by his colleagues, is one of the main presenters on The Chaser's War on Everything. He is also the program's script editor and principal writer behind many of the show's segments, sketches and songs, some of which were controversial.

Appearance on Sunrise
In The Chaser's War on Everything skit "Will You Divorce Me?", Taylor made a guest appearance on Sunrise, a live morning talk show on Channel 7. He said he had an announcement for his wife and ended up yelling "Get the fuck out of my life" at the camera. The appearance of authenticity of this clip made it appear as though the segment went live to air on Sunrise, but it only ever appeared on The Chaser's War on Everything. When the segment became a viral video, Taylor and the hosts admitted it was staged on the Sunrise set after one of their shows though the latter said the dialogue was improvised and unaware of the profane punchline.

Tim Freedman parody
Taylor sparked controversy with Tim Freedman, singer and songwriter of indie rock band The Whitlams. On 7 October 2007, Freedman posted a message on the band's official website, citing a parody of him which was written by Taylor and had aired on the 3 October 2007 episode of The War. The song was performed by a fellow Chaser, Andrew Hansen, and the lyrics implied that Freedman was obsessed with the Sydney suburb of Newtown and that he continually referred to the area of Newtown in his own songs. In his message, Freedman said that the lyrics were indeed written by Taylor and that the parody had been motivated by jealousy over a woman they had both dated, Anna Skellern, who was a non-contributing cast member in the first season of CNNNN. Taylor denied this and said that the song had nothing to do with Skellern. Andrew Hansen in the commentary track for the Season 2 DVD revealed that Taylor and Freedman had sorted the issue out and that everything between them was all good. In the final episode of Season 3, Freedman even made a friendly cameo appearance on the show in a mock oral sex scene with Taylor.

The Eulogy Song
On 17 October 2007 episode of The War, Andrew Hansen performed The Eulogy Song, a song written by Taylor which satirised the lives of several deceased celebrities, including Peter Brock, Princess Diana, Donald Bradman, Steve Irwin, Stan Zemanek, John Lennon, Jeff Buckley, and Kerry Packer, expressing the view that people with flaws during life are often disproportionately hailed as "top blokes" after death. The song became the target of significant media attention, with several radio and television personalities saying the song was in "bad taste". Then Prime Minister of Australia, John Howard, and then Opposition Leader, Kevin Rudd, expressed negative views.

In response to the attention, Taylor defended the song, stating that it was a legitimate skit about the way the media airbrushes celebrities in death. He also revealed it was a "watered down" version of the song which was previously performed on stage in the musical Dead Caesar. The original had a verse about Rene Rivkin, but it was replaced with one about Stan Zemanek.

Andrew Hansen performed an updated version of The Eulogy Song in his 2020 national tour.

Dead Caesar
As well as writing for The Chaser's War on Everything, Taylor wrote the play called Dead Caesar which premiered at the Sydney Theatre Company on 1 February 2007, and then had a one-month run in July 2007. The play was a musical comedy based on the life of Julius Caesar, featuring original music composed by Andrew Hansen, who also appeared in the play as Mark Antony and Lucius. The now infamous Eulogy Song was originally written for this production.

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards are a set of annual ceremonies presented by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), which recognise excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of the music of Australia. They commenced in 1987.

! Ref.
 * 2010
 * The Blow Parade (with Andrew Hansen and Craig Shuftan)
 * Best Comedy Release
 * Won
 * Won

title: Chris Taylor (comedian)


text:
Long Ashton Research Station

Long Ashton Research Station (LARS) was an agricultural and horticultural government-funded research centre located in the village of Long Ashton near Bristol, UK. It was created in 1903 to study and improve the West Country cider industry and became part of the University of Bristol in 1912. Later, it expanded into fruit research (particularly apples, pears, plums, strawberries and blackcurrants) and in the 1980s was redirected to work on arable crops and aspects of botany. It closed in 2003.

The Research Station is commonly known for developing Ribena, a still-popular vitamin C-rich drink that was widely distributed in the UK during the Second World War, and for the development of the Long Ashton Nutrient Solution (LANS).

History
Research on cider making began privately in 1893 at Robert Neville-Grenville's farm near Glastonbury. Prompted by a letter from Frederick James Lloyd (1852–1923), the Board of Agriculture sponsored a conference held at Bristol on October 15, 1902 in order to create an institute for research in fruit growing, fruit utilisation, and making cider and perry. The conference was presided over by Sir Thomas Elliott, 1st Baronet and was attended by representatives from more than ten counties. This led to the formation of the National Fruit and Cider Institute in 1903 in fields south of the main road through Long Ashton. Frederick J. Lloyd was appointed Director. His successor was B. T. P. Barker, who was the director from 1905 to 1943.

In 1912 the Institute became the University of Bristol's Department of Agricultural and Horticultural Research and its name was changed to Long Ashton Research Station. Indeed, the Universities of Bath and Bristol ran Master of Science (MSc) courses at the research station for many years. The first purpose built laboratory, the Barker Laboratory, was ready for use in 1914.

Fenswood Farm on the north side of the road was bought by the University in 1920 to extend the space available for experiments, and in 1921 the Campden Research Station was taken under Long Ashton's management.

The British Government formed the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) in 1931 and this body was given a direct role in managing LARS. During World War II a home grown source of Vitamin C was needed and the blackcurrant drink Ribena was developed at Long Ashton. A new Biology Laboratory was completed in 1948 and in 1952, although links with Campden Research Station ended, the ARC Unit of Plant Nutrition was set up at Long Ashton.

The Station's 50th year was celebrated by the publication of a book, Science and Fruit, edited by Thomas Wallace and Ralph Warren Marsh. At LARS, Wallace was the deputy director from 1923 to 1943 and the director from 1943 to 1957. Marsh was a research mycologist at LARS from 1926 to 1965. The 1950s were a time of rapid expansion for Long Ashton with the opening of the Kearns and Hewitt Laboratories (1956) and the Wallace Laboratory, Refectory and Conference Room (1959). The first Long Ashton International Symposium was held in 1967.

1981 saw the disbandment of two of Long Ashton's major research divisions, the Pomology and Plant Breeding Division and the Food and Beverage Division. This action by the ARC was a severe blow to the Research Station and began a long period of structural change. The Hirst Laboratory was built in 1983 as part of the reorganisation process, and work on arable crops substantially replaced Long Ashton's long history of work on fruit and cider.

The Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC, previously ARC) closed other research sites including the Letcombe Laboratory (1985) and the Weed Research Organisation (1986) and their staff and programmes were moved to Long Ashton. With Rothamsted it became part of the Institute of Arable Crops Research (IACR) in 1986. Although the new Treharne Library and Fryer Laboratory were built in 1987, as a junior partner in IACR, Long Ashton was now vulnerable in the event of further restructuring.

The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, formed from the previous AFRC in 1994) announced in 1999 that Long Ashton was to be closed. The seventeenth and final Long Ashton International Symposium took place in 2002 and the Research Station was duly closed in 2003 having served agriculture and horticulture for exactly 100 years. Some of the remaining staff were moved to Rothamsted during Long Ashton's final years, providing some continuity with the programmes of work under way prior to closure. The site was sold and subsequently redeveloped for housing, employment space, community uses and playing fields.

Nutrient solution
The Long Ashton Nutrient Solution (LANS) was derived from nutrient solutions used at Long Ashton to grow fruit trees. It was first published in 1952 by Eric John Hewitt. The standardized LANS concentrations in ppm for almost all essential elements and sodium in a full solution of the nitrate-type are shown below:

 * N 168 ppm
 * K 156 ppm
 * Ca 160 ppm
 * P 41 ppm
 * S 48 ppm
 * Na 31 ppm
 * Mg 36 ppm
 * B 0.54 ppm
 * Mn 0.55 ppm
 * Zn 0.065 ppm
 * Cu 0.064 ppm
 * Mo 0.048 ppm
 * Fe 5.6 ppm or 2.8 ppm

In particular, the composition and concentration of the micronutrients (B, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Mo) is still commonly used in plant science today (cf. Table (1)).

Micronutrients
Table (1) to prepare the stock solutions of micronutrients and a full micronutrient solution of LANS

Micronutrient salts such as MnSO4•4H2O (cf. Table (1)) can be substituted with an equivalent amount of MnCl2•4H2O because chloride is one of the elements essential for plant growth. For optimal plant growth, the LANS micronutrients can be combined with the macronutrients of the Hoagland solution. According to Hewitt iron is plant-available as ferric citrate or it may be supplied as ferric EDTA complex according to Jacobsen.

The Long Ashton or Hewitt solution is widely used and is considered to be suitable for supporting normal growth of a range of different plant species. Hewitt's and Hoagland's solution formulations led to increased growth of nursery fig trees in high-tunnel and open-field conditions, respectively.

Numerous current research papers on plant nutrition use these standard feeding recipes to grow plants, and frequently without explicit description of the recipes.

Long Ashton International Symposia
This series of international conferences was well respected and attended by scientists from every continent.

 * 1967 – Recent aspects of nitrogen metabolism in plants
 * 1969 – Physiology of tree crops
 * 1971 – Fungal pathogenicity
 * 1973 – Lactic acid bacteria in beverages and food
 * 1975 – Environmental effects on crop physiology
 * 1977 – Nitrogen assimilation of plants
 * 1979 – Quality in stored and processed vegetables and fruit
 * 1982 – Improving vegetatively propagated crops
 * 1984 – Rational pesticide use
 * 1986 – Hormone action in plant development — a critical appraisal
 * 1989 – Herbicide resistance in weeds and crops
 * 1991 – Transport and receptor proteins of plant membranes: molecular structure and function
 * 1993 – Ecology and integrated farming systems
 * 1995 – Plant roots — from cells to systems
 * 1997 – Understanding pathosystems: a focus on Septoria
 * 1999 – Biotechnology of cereals: tools, targets and triumphs
 * 2002 – New frontiers in plant development: from genes to phenotype

Notable former staff

 * Bertie Thomas Percival Barker – director, horticultural scientist
 * Eric John Hewitt – plant physiologist
 * John Pilkington Hudson – director, horticultural scientist
 * Howard George Henry Kearns – deputy director
 * Lawrence Ogilvie – plant pathologist
 * Arthur Frederick Parker-Rhodes – plant pathologist
 * Ralph Louis Wain – agricultural chemist

title: Long Ashton Research Station


text:
Eugene O. Sykes

Eugene Octave Sykes, Jr. (July 16, 1876 – June 21, 1945) was a justice on the Mississippi Supreme Court. He served as the first Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission from 1934 to 1935.

Biography
Sykes was born in Aberdeen, Mississippi, on July 16, 1876, to Eugene Octave Sykes, Sr. and India Rogers. He attended St. John's College High School and the United States Naval Academy, and the University of Mississippi for his graduate degree.

He served on the Mississippi Supreme Court from 1916 to 1924, appointed by Theodore Bilbo. Calvin Coolidge appointed him to the Federal Radio Commission in 1927. He served as the first Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission from 1934 to 1935.

He died of a heart attack on June 21, 1945, in Washington, D.C.

title: Eugene O. Sykes


text:
Craig Reucassel

Craig Bruce Reucassel is a prominent figure in Australian entertainment, celebrated for his wit and satirical prowess across television and radio platforms with the Australian Public Broadcaster ABC.

As a member of the renowned satirical team, The Chaser, Reucassel has left an indelible mark on Australian comedy.

One of his notable hosting roles was on the Australian adaptation of Balls of Steel, which premiered in April 2011. This program showcased Reucassel's ability to engage audiences with his comedic style while pushing boundaries with daring stunts and skits.

Since 2013, Reucassel, alongside fellow Chaser member Julian Morrow, has been a main presenter on the ABC program "The Checkout." This show delves into consumer rights and exposes unethical business practices, empowering viewers with valuable information about their purchases.

In 2017, Reucassel embarked on a significant environmental initiative with the four-part ABC TV series "War on Waste." This groundbreaking program shed light on Australia's alarming rates of clothing and food waste, highlighting their environmental consequences and advocating for sustainable solutions.

Following the success of "War on Waste," Reucassel continued his environmental advocacy with the 2018 series "Fight For Planet A: Our Climate Challenge." This installment focused on the detrimental impact of single-use plastics, such as straws, on the environment, urging viewers to adopt eco-friendly practices.

Expanding his repertoire beyond comedy and environmental activism, Reucassel ventured into directing with the two-part ABC TV series "Big Deal" in 2021. This investigative program, hosted by actor Christian Van Vuuren, explored the influence of lobbying and donations on Australia's political landscape, providing valuable insights into the country's democratic processes.

In 2024, Reucassel embarked on a new endeavor as the presenter of "Breakfast" on ABC Radio Sydney, further solidifying his position as a multifaceted media personality. Through his various projects, Reucassel not only entertains audiences but also educates and inspires them to engage with important social and environmental issues.

Early life
Reucassel was born in South Africa and moved to Adelaide at a young age with his parents. There, he attended Semaphore Park Primary School. The family relocated to the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, and Reucassel attended Bowral Public School and Bowral High School. In 1993, he represented Bowral High School at The Sydney Morning Herald Plain English Speaking competition.

Reucassel attended the University of Sydney, and completed a Bachelor of Economics (Social Science) degree in 1999 and graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 2002. With a strong dedication to extracurricular activities on campus, Reucassel ran the arts revue and the canoe club, and was an editor of the student newspaper Honi Soit. He also debated at several World Universities Debating Championships, ranking 30th in the World at Manila in 1999 and 167th in Glasgow in 2001. In 2000 he competed in the Philip C. Jessup Cup international law mooting competition, his team winning the Australian rounds. He graduated from the Sydney Law School, along with Chaser colleagues Julian Morrow, Dominic Knight and Chas Licciardello.

Triple J
In 2004 and 2005, Craig Bruce Reucassel embarked on a radio journey, co-hosting the drive-time show "Today Today" on Triple J alongside his fellow Chaser, Chris Taylor. This dynamic duo brought their trademark wit and humor to the airwaves, entertaining audiences with their unique brand of comedy.

Their partnership on "Today Today" was not only a source of entertainment but also showcased their versatility as comedic talents beyond television. The show provided a platform for Reucassel and Taylor to engage with listeners in a more intimate setting, further solidifying their presence in the Australian media landscape.

Following their successful stint on drive-time radio, Reucassel and Taylor reunited for their Sunday afternoon show, "Bloody Sunday," which saw them return for relief shifts in mid-2006 and during the summer of 2006–07. This return to the airwaves demonstrated their enduring appeal and ability to captivate audiences across different time slots and formats.

Through their radio ventures, Reucassel and Taylor continued to demonstrate their comedic prowess, cementing their status as formidable talents in the Australian entertainment industry. Their contributions to Triple J's lineup added yet another dimension to their already impressive body of work, further endearing them to audiences nationwide.

The Chaser's War on Everything
Craig Bruce Reucassel played a pivotal role as a founding member of the acclaimed satirical group, The Chaser team. His contributions extended across various media platforms, including their satirical newspaper and several television programs aired on ABC TV. Notable among these were "The Election Chaser," "CNNNN," "The Chaser Decides," and "The Chaser's War on Everything."

Reucassel's involvement with "The War" has been significant, spanning from its pilot episode to its subsequent successes. Additionally, his personal life includes a partnership with his wife Keisha, with whom he shares three children. Interestingly, their son Ollie has even made appearances in sketches featured on "The War."

Known for his daring and humorous confrontations, Reucassel was often the chosen one to engage with prominent figures, such as former Prime Minister John Howard. One particularly memorable encounter involved an axe stunt during one of Howard's morning walks, a moment that etched itself into the annals of Australian political satire.

Speedos incident
On March 19, 2007, a memorable incident unfolded during a campaign event for the New South Wales State Election involving the then opposition leader, Peter Debnam, and the comedic antics of Craig Bruce Reucassel. Dressed in nothing but Speedos and a baseball cap, Reucassel humorously parodied Debnam's penchant for campaign appearances in swimwear.

As TV cameras shifted their focus to Reucassel rather than Debnam, the comedian seized the opportunity to inject humor into the situation, quipping, "Sorry, I'm not Peter Debnam, he's over there. Just because I'm wearing this doesn't mean I'm Peter Debnam." Despite his comedic efforts, Reucassel's attempts to elicit a response from the opposition leader were met with silence, and even his gesture to shake Debnam's hand went unnoticed.

This incident not only showcased Reucassel's irreverent humor but also underscored the power of satire in the political arena. By cleverly subverting the seriousness of a campaign event, Reucassel drew attention to the theatricality of political campaigns and the often scripted nature of public appearances by politicians.

The axe stunt
On 2 August 2006, Reucassel responded to a news story about a private school student who had hugged then-Prime Minister John Howard while holding a screwdriver during one of Howard's morning walks. To test the Prime Minister's security arrangements, he approached Howard during a morning walk and asked for a hug while holding a large plastic battle axe. Reucassel did receive the hug, but a later approach while holding a running chainsaw was not so successful. There was much debate surrounding whether to turn on the chainsaw and whether they would be shot at for doing this. Cut out from this segment was an unsuccessful attempt that took place between the axe and the chainsaw, in which Reucassel was holding a four-point-star mace.

Other work
In 2012 Reucassel was a patron of the Left Right Think-Tank, Australia's first independent and non-partisan youth think-tank.

In 2019 he began acting as one of the hosts of The Drum on ABC TV.

Since 2024, Reucassel has been presenting Breakfast on ABC Radio Sydney.

Television

 * CNNN – (2002–2003)
 * The Panel – (3 episodes) (2003, 04, 07)
 * The Chaser's War on Everything - (2006–2009)
 * Spy Shop – (1 episode) (2007)
 * Good News Week – (3 episodes) (2008–10)
 * Q&A – (3 episodes) (2008–11)
 * Top Gear Australia – (1 episode) (2010)
 * Balls of Steel Australia – (20 episodes – Host) (2011–2012)
 * You Have Been Watching – (1 episode) (2011)
 * The Joy of Sets – (1 episode) (2011)
 * The Silic & Lee Show at the Logies: Red Carpet Special 2012 – (1 episode) (2012)
 * The Checkout – (2013–2018)
 * War on Waste – series (2017–2023)
 * Fight for Planet A – series (2020)
 * Big Weather (and how to survive it) – series (2020)
 * Big Deal – two-part documentary series on the political lobbying industry (2021). Presented by Christiaan Van Vuuren, this was Reucassel's directorial debut.

title: Craig Reucassel


text:
Michael Manning (murderer)

Michael Manning (1929–20 April 1954) was an Irish man who was convicted for rape and murder and executed in 1954. He was the 29th and last person to be executed in the Republic of Ireland, as capital punishment was gradually abolished in the decades following Manning's execution.

Murder and trial
Manning, a 25-year-old carter from Johnsgate in Limerick, was found guilty in February 1954 of the rape and murder of Catherine Cooper, a 65-year-old nurse who worked at Barringtons' Hospital in the city. Nurse Cooper's body was discovered on 18 November 1953 in the quarry under the New Castle, Dublin Road, Castletroy, where she was found to have choked on grass stuffed into her mouth to keep her from screaming during the commission of the crime.

Manning expressed remorse for the crime, which he did not deny. By his own account, he was making his way home on foot after a day’s drinking in The Black Swan, Annacotty when he saw a woman he did not recognise, walking alone. "I suddenly lost my head and jumped on the woman and remember no more until the lights of a car shone on me." He took flight at this point but was arrested within hours, after his distinctive hat was found at the scene of the crime.

Although Manning made an impassioned plea for clemency in a letter to the Minister for Justice Gerald Boland, his request was denied, although it was supported by Nurse Cooper's family. The execution by hanging was duly carried out on 20 April 1954 in Mountjoy Prison, Dublin by Albert Pierrepoint, who had travelled from Britain where he was one of three Senior Executioners.

Frank Prendergast, subsequently TD for Limerick East who knew Manning well, recalled later: "Friends of mine who worked with me, I was serving my time at the time, went up to visit him on the Sunday before he was hanged. And they went to Mass and Holy Communion together and they played a game of handball that day. He couldn't have been more normal."

Manning left a wife who was pregnant at the time of the murder. His body was buried in an unmarked grave in a yard at Mountjoy Prison.

Aftermath
The death penalty was abolished in 1964 for all but the murder of Gardaí, diplomats and prison officers. It was abolished by statute for these remaining offences in 1990 and was finally expunged from the Constitution of Ireland by a referendum in 2001.

title: Michael Manning (murderer)


text:
Theater of Salvation

Theater of Salvation is the fourth (or third "official") studio album by German heavy metal band Edguy, released in 1999. It is the first to feature drummer Felix Bohnke and bass player Tobias Exxel. The album reached No. 50 in the Swedish Albums Chart.

Track listing
All music by Tobias Sammet, except where indicated. All lyrics by Sammet.

 * 1) "The Healing Vision" - 1:11
 * 2) "Babylon" - 6:09
 * 3) "The Headless Game" - 5:31
 * 4) "Land of the Miracle" - 6:32
 * 5) "Wake up the King" - 5:43
 * 6) "Falling Down" - 4:35
 * 7) "Arrows Fly" (Sammet, Jens Ludwig) - 5:03
 * 8) "Holy Shadows" - 4:30
 * 9) "Another Time" - 4:07
 * 10) "The Unbeliever" (Sammet, Ludwig) - 5:47
 * 11) "Theater of Salvation" - 12:25

 * Japanese edition bonus tracks
 * 1) "For a Trace of Life" - 4:13
 * 2) "Walk on Fighting" (live) - 5:40
 * 3) "Fairytale" (live) - 6:22

Personnel

 * Band members
 * Tobias Sammet - lead and backing vocals, keyboards
 * Jens Ludwig - guitar, backing vocals
 * Dirk Sauer - guitar, backing vocals
 * Tobias 'Eggi' Exxel - bass guitar
 * Felix Bohnke - drums

 * Additional musicians
 * Frank Tischer - piano and keyboards
 * Daniel Gallmarini - piano on track 9
 * Markus Schmitt, Ralf Zdiarstek, Mark Laukel, Uwe Ruppel, Timo Ruppel - backing vocals

 * Production
 * Norman Meiritz, Frank Tischer - engineers
 * Mikko Karmila - mixing
 * Bernd Steinwedel - mastering
 * Adrian Maleska - cover art

title: Theater of Salvation


text:
Digital Packet Video Link

Digital Packet Video Link (DPVL) is a video standard released by VESA in 2004. Unlike previous technologies, in order to save bandwidth, only portions of the screen that are modified are sent by the means of this link. DPVL also introduces metadata video attributes support.

The DPVL standard is aimed at mobile and wireless hardware.

title: Digital Packet Video Link