text:
Talk:Ngāi Tahu

Macron on Ngai
The Reed Dictionary tribal map has a-macrons for every "Ngati" but not for "Ngai". My page on the Maori WP says "Ngai"; maybe I can get someone from that iwi to take an interest and tell us what they prefer. Robin Patterson 20:11, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Ngai/Kai Tahu does have a macron. Macrons are a relatively new addition to the transcription of Te Reo, but indicate long vowels. In this instance it is definitely long. Consistent with this functional definition, it also features on the Ngai Tahu website. I've also taken the liberty to expand it a little more, and will hopefully add more as I find the time. Your friendly Kai Tahu sociolinguist.

 * According to Jim Williams, the Ngāi Tahu specialist at Ōtago University, Kai is short, without a macron. So Ngāi Tahu or Kai Tahu, not Kāi Tahu. As for the Ngāi Tahu/Kai Tahu question, both have been used by people of the iwi. I understand that there were two waves of immigration by Ngāi Tahu. The first wave came without women, and married Kāti Māmoe and Waitaha women, whose children then spoke the k-dialect; the second wave brought women with them, and their children learned the ng forms. There are ng place names in the south, such as Rangiora in Canterbury, and the strange form Wangaloa on the east coast of South Otago. Koro Neil 21:29, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Ngāi Tahu or Kāi Tahu
Should the page not better be moved to Kāi Tahu? There is little use in using a Standard dialect title for the page containing most information on the Ngāi Tahu dialect... ;-) Dysmorodrepanis 14:27, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I had also wondered about that. However, formally, it is still /Ng/ a lot (e.g. TRoNT, the url etc.). It probably doesn't make much odds. I certainly wouldn't object to it be Kāi Tahu with a redirect at Ngāi Tahu. --Limegreen 19:48, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Keep at Ngāi for 2 reasons: (1) that's what it is more commonly known as, (2) it is what the runanga has chosen for their name, and surely no-one is more authoritative then them. Accordingly, I think most usages of Kāi Tahu should change to Ngāi Tahu (one exception being the first sentence) - ok? Nurg 07:16, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

Kāi Tahu or Kai Tahu
One further issue. According to Jim Williams, Otago University's expert on the iwi, the Kai of Kai Tahu has a short a: Kai Tahu, not Kāi Tahu. I found this surprising, but John C. Moorfield in Te Aka, the dictionary for his Te Whanake series of books on the Māori language, gives the following entry for Ngāi Tahu:
 * Ngāi Tahu tribal group of much of the South Island, sometimes called Kai Tahu by the southern tribes.

No macron. He uses the same form in the glossary of Te Kakano, the first book of the series. Koro Neil (talk) 04:34, 8 September 2012 (UTC)

Kāi Tahu or Ḵāi Tahu
I remember I used to see the K in Kāi Tahu occasionally being written with what I assume was a macron below (ie., Ḵ). What's the status on this spelling? --73.231.253.68 (talk) 23:39, 18 November 2018 (UTC)

Commerce
The Ngai Tahu tribe is considered to be one of the most successful tribes in New Zealand commercially. I couldn't find a list of their assets but perhaps someone more familiar with the tribe can help me out adding to the section.
 * Annual reports online would probably be a good place to start .  Limegreen 23:48, 17 April 2007
 * There should be a separate article on Ngāi Tahu Holdings Corporation describing the scale of the business, which is substantial in South Island and indeed New Zealand terms. --Lholden 23:38, 18 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I Agree that there should be a separate article. I would volunteer to draft one if needed. --Slick1nz 10.52, 27 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Please do.  Schwede 66  01:58, 27 September 2016 (UTC)
 * See Draft:Ngai Tahu Holdings for progress. Done research to fill article, nowhere near done as a simple shareholders search with the Companies Office shows a multitude of holdings. everything is refrenced. --Slick1nz 21.35, 30 November 2016 (UTC)

Last paramount chief
"the last Upoko Ariki (paramount chief), Te Maiharanui". Is this correct? In the late 1970s and early 80s Riki Ellison was often referred to the paramount chief. See for example. Nurg 10:06, 15 September 2007 (UTC)

As of writing, said this: "Kāi Tahu has a very corporate structure, in part due to the death of an important Upoko Ariki (paramount chief), Te Maiharanui, at the time of the arrival of Europeans in New Zealand." So that's changed.

→Governance: I added the clarify tag, as what does the chief's death have to do with the very corporate structure? How did it change things? Ken K. Smith (a.k.a. User:Thin Smek) (talk) 07:58, 16 February 2019 (UTC)

Ethnic groups
Ngai Tahu are the only iwi in Category:Ethnic groups in New Zealand. Can Ngai Tahu really be considered an ethnicity? If so, surely Category:Iwi and hapu should be a subcat of Ethnic groups in NZ? Or am I missing something here? --Helenalex (talk) 05:02, 24 February 2008 (UTC)

It's been changed since, now has Māori (23 C, 19 P) New Zealand Māori people (7 C, 58 P) Category:Iwi_and_hapu is empty and not included. Ken K. Smith (a.k.a. User:Thin Smek) (talk) 08:04, 16 February 2019 (UTC)

Intermarriage with Pakeha
From the early 1800s Ngai Tahu frequently traded with and worked for Pakeha, especially whalers, who bought a new kind of wealth -advanced technology. By the 1840s many Ngai Tahu women -some reports say as many as 74%, had married Pakeha. Intially pakeha shared the same coastal environment as Ngai Tahu but when Ngai Tahu sold large areas of land to buy muskets,Pakeha moved onto the Canterbury plains which was virtually uninhabited by Maori due to its lack of water and the foodsin the normal Maori diet. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 122.62.226.243 (talk) 04:46, 15 February 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 2 one external links on Ngāi Tahu. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070808205522/http://governance.tpk.govt.nz/share/shotover.aspx to http://governance.tpk.govt.nz/share/shotover.aspx
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20090220112848/http://www.ngaitahuproperty.co.nz:80/content/showroomwarehouse/landing.aspx to http://www.ngaitahuproperty.co.nz/content/showroomwarehouse/landing.aspx

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers.—cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 05:07, 7 January 2016 (UTC)

Cleanup
Fixed a couple of issues, and that Cleanup Notice is now no longer necessary, so have removed it. Snori (talk) 08:51, 13 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Thanks!  Schwede 66  18:41, 13 June 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Ngāi Tahu. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070819130527/http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/NgaiTahu/en to http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealanders/MaoriNewZealanders/NgaiTahu/en

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 02:01, 5 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Ngāi Tahu. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061113073855/http://gpacts.knowledge-basket.co.nz/regs/regs/text/2001/2001200.txt to http://gpacts.knowledge-basket.co.nz/regs/regs/text/2001/2001200.txt
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130205125749/http://makaawhio.maori.nz/maraehistory.html to http://www.makaawhio.maori.nz/maraehistory.html
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160107050702/http://old.hrc.co.nz/newsletters/diversity-action-programme/nga-reo-tangata/2011/03/iwi-radio-stations-stand-together-in-wake-of-earthquake/ to http://old.hrc.co.nz/newsletters/diversity-action-programme/nga-reo-tangata/2011/03/iwi-radio-stations-stand-together-in-wake-of-earthquake/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:50, 14 December 2017 (UTC)

2021 South Island rivers claim
The section could be worked up with additional background (not so easy to do from Berlin) and referencing. Below are possible sources.

 * Tau (2017) on Ngāi Tahu water rights
 * Harris (2015) on co‑management

Kia ora! RobbieIanMorrison (talk) 10:55, 25 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ngāi Tahu


text:
Golders Green tube station

Golders Green is a London Underground station in Golders Green, north London. The station is on the Edgware branch of the Northern line between Brent Cross and Hampstead stations, and is in Travelcard Zone 3.

The station is located at the crossroads of Finchley Road (A598) and Golders Green Road/North End Road (A502). The station exit is adjacent to Golders Green bus station; a former exit to Finchley Road is now closed. Adjacent to the station is the Golders Green Hippodrome, home to the BBC Concert Orchestra for many years and now the headquarters of a religious organisation.

History
Golders Green station was opened by the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway (CCE&HR, now part of the Northern line) on 22 June 1907. It was one of the railway's two northern terminals (the other being at Archway) and was also the site of the railway's depot. At the beginning of the 20th century Golders Green was a small rural hamlet with only a few houses, but the opening of the railway stimulated a rapid building boom causing the number of houses and the population to increase greatly.

To the south of the station in the tunnels beneath Hampstead Heath is the partially built but uncompleted North End or Bull & Bush station.

Before the First World War plans were made to extend the CCE&HR north from Golders Green to Hendon and Edgware to open up new areas of the Middlesex countryside to development and to create a source of new passengers. The war postponed the construction of the extension and work did not begin until 12 June 1922. The first section of the extension, as far as Hendon Central, opened on 19 November 1923.

Golders Green was the last station on the Northern line to retain semaphore signals, replaced in 1950.

Today
The station has three tracks running through it which serve a side platform and two island platforms. The platforms are numbered 1 to 5 with numbers 1 and 2 serving each side of one track and 3 and 4 serving each side of another. Platform 1 (the northbound side platform) is not presently in public use, as it is used by London Underground staff. Platforms 3 and 4 are used for trains terminating at Golders Green, which may then reverse back into London, but this is uncommon, and trains that start at Golders Green Depot continue to Hampstead Station to make their first stop.

Two new lifts were installed during 2008, one on platform 2/3 and one on platform 4/5 to provide step-free access to the platforms. Ticket barriers are in operation.

Connections
London Buses routes 13, 83, 102, 139, 183, 210, 226, 240, 245, 260, 268, 328, 460, H2, H3, school route 631 and night routes N5 and N83 serve the station. Several National Express coaches also serve the station.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Golders Green tube station


text:
Pindus

The Pindus (also Pindos or Pindhos; Πίνδος; Pindet; Pindu) is a mountain range located in Northern Greece and Southern Albania. It is roughly 160 km (100 miles) long, with a maximum elevation of 2,637 metres (8652') (Mount Smolikas). Because it runs along the border of Thessaly and Epirus, the Pindus range is known colloquially as the spine of Greece. The mountain range stretches from near the Greek-Albanian border in southern Albania, entering the Epirus and Macedonia regions in northern Greece down to the north of the Peloponnese. Geologically, it is an extension of the Dinaric Alps, which dominate the western region of the Balkan Peninsula.

History of the name
Historically, the name Pindos refers to the mountainous territory that separates the greater Epirus region from the regions of Macedonia and Thessaly.

According to John Tzetzes (a 12th-century Byzantine writer), the Pindos range was then called Metzovon.

When translated (between 1682/83 and 1689) to a more conversational (colloquial) language the initial praise to St. Vissarion, which was drafted in 1552 by, he wrote: “A mountain called by the Greeks Pindos is the same mountain which is called Metzovon in Barbarian” and further down the same text he adds “this mountain, Metzovon, separates the Ioannina region from the Thessaloniki region.”

By the eighteenth century, there had been identification of the name Metsovo with the Pindos mountain range (in a French encyclopedia of 1756). BY 1825, the traveller John Cam Hobhouse was writing that "…the latter mountains, now known by the name of Metzovo, can be no other than Pindus itself…" while a patriarchal document of 1818 states: "Because the high mountain of Pindos in Epirus, that is commonly called Messovon...". The word Pindos was used more in literary sources, while the folk name for the mountain range from the Middle Ages up to the 19th century was either "Metsovo" or "the mountains of Metsovo". Most probably this name was not meant to indicate the whole range as it is meant today, but only its central part between the area of Aspropotamos and the springs of the Aoös River. This part coincides with the mountainous region which the ancient Greeks used to call Pindos.

Major mountains
The most notable mountains in the range are Mount Grammos, Mount Smolikas, Mount Vasilitsa, Tymfi or Gamila, Lakmos or Peristeri, the Athamanika or Tzoumerka mountains, and the Agrafa mountains. Some mountains in Southern Greece are also considered part of the extended Pindus range. Its highest peak is on Mount Smolikas at an altitude of 2,637 meters.

Population
There are many villages in the Pindus, one of them being Samarina, which boasts one of the highest elevations in Greece. The area had a traditional pastoral economy in which sheep were raised by shepherds who were ethnically Sarakatsani and Aromanian. Many of the villages such as Perivoli and Smixi include communities of Aromanians (Vlachs), originally shepherds and farmers. In recent decades, a number of villages, such as Metsovo, have developed into tourist resorts with ski facilities.

Transportation
The Egnatia Odos highway serves the region and connects it with the rest of Greece.

Sightseeing
Besides the imposing mountainous terrain of the range, two significant gorges in Europe are located in the area: the Vikos Gorge and the Aoos Gorge. Together with the mountain valley of Valia Kalda they have been declared protected regions and constitute the National Park of Northern Pindos. Furthermore, many mountain settlements with long history and unique architecture are located throughout the range.

Nature and wildlife

The Pindus region covers a wide range of elevations and habitats, from deep canyons to steep mountains. The wide range in altitude results in two major forest zones:
 * A conifer zone, where trees such as a subspecies of Austrian Pine and the endemic Greek fir, characterise the highest elevations, with juniper woodlands dominating near the timberline.
 * A mixed broadleaf forest zone dominates the valleys and canyons of the middle and lower elevations.

Large breeding colonies of herons, spoonbills, egrets, and pelicans fish the waters of the mountain lakes of the Pindus. This is one of the few areas in Europe where the rare Dalmatian pelican can be found. Wolves, jackals, and bears are found in the forests.

Ecology
The forests of this region have faced many threats over the course of human history, including overgrazing, agriculture, and deforestation. The greatest threats now come from the development of mountain tourism and ski resorts. Because of the instability of the soil on steep mountains, road-building and clear-cutting operations have led to dangerous landslides and the collapse of mountain slopes. Mining for bauxite, overgrazing, and over-collection of plants are also threatening the great biodiversity of this ecoregion.

National Parks
In the Greek section of the Pindus mountains there are two national parks.

Vikos-Aoos National Park
The Vikos-Aoos National Park is south of the town of Konitsa, in the west part of Zagori region. It includes Mount Tymfi, the Vikos Gorge and the Aoos Gorge. It was created in 1973.

Pindus National Park
The Pindus National Park (also known as Valia Kalda) is in a remote area in the north east of the Pindus mountains, north of the town of Metsovo and south of Perivoli. The park of some 7,000 hectares was established in 1966. There are forests of black pine and beech, and in the higher parts, Bosnian Pine (Pinus leucodermis). The park is a refuge for bears, wild cats, and lynxes.

The National Park was selected as main motif for two high value euro collectors' coins: the €10 Greek Birds and Flowers and Black Pine Trees commemorative coins, minted in 2007. On the obverse of the latter there is a panoramic view of the common black pine trees that are prevalent in the park.

title: Pindus


text:
User:Pjacobi/OMFG

 * Wardenclyffe Tower
 * Testatika
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Firebomb&redirect=no
 * F4 (mathematics) fmt
 * Capital controversy xlat

title: User:Pjacobi/OMFG