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United for Peace and Justice

United for Peace and Justice (UFPJ) is a coalition of more than 1,300 international and U.S.-based organizations opposed to "our government's policy of permanent warfare and empire-building."

The organization was founded in October 2002 during the build-up to the United States' 2003 invasion of Iraq by dozens of groups including the National Organization for Women, National Council of Churches, Peace Action, the American Friends Service Committee, Black Voices for Peace, Not In Our Name, Nodutdol,September Eleventh Families for Peaceful Tomorrows, and Veterans for Peace. Its first joint action was anti-war protests on International Human Rights Day, December 10, 2002. The direct precursor to UFPJ was "United We March!", initiated by Global Exchange, the Green Party of the United States, and others, which organized the April 20, 2002, demonstration against the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan.

UFPJ primarily organizes large-scale protests. The group separates its work into seven issue campaigns: Iraq, counter-military recruitment, global justice, nuclear disarmament, Palestine–Israel, civil liberties–immigrant rights and faith-based organizing.

UFPJ's most recent major rally and march was in Washington, D.C., on January 27, 2007. Among the featured speakers were several celebrities including Jane Fonda.

UFPJ's previous major action occurred from September 24 to 26, 2005, in Washington, D.C. UFPJ called the protest "End the War on Iraq!" On September 24, there was a march and rally, co-sponsored with the ANSWER Coalition, followed by a festival. Although exact numbers are never known, the organizers estimated that hundreds of thousands of people attended these events; the NYCLU says 300,000 attended the march. On September 25, there was an interfaith service and grassroots training. The final day, September 26, was devoted to lobbying Congress and to nonviolent direct action and civil disobedience. Roughly 370 were arrested for blocking the entrance to the White House, demanding to meet with George W. Bush.

Previous protests
Some of UFPJ's protests include:

 * Its first protest, on February 15, 2003, in front of the United Nations headquarters in New York City and entitled "The World Says No to War." The protest drew over 500,000 people.
 * Its second major protest, held on March 20, 2004, to commemorate the first anniversary of the U.S.' attack on Iraq. The event drew over 100,000 people in New York City, plus nearly two million in 700 other cities.
 * In 2004, the organization wanted to hold a rally on the Great Lawn of Central Park in opposition to the continued occupation of Iraq. The City denied UFPJ's application for a permit, on the basis that a mass gathering on the Great Lawn would be harmful to the grass, and that such damage would make it harder to collect private donations to maintain the Park. UFPJ charged that Mayor Michael Bloomberg was willing to allow other large gatherings on the Great Lawn, but was discriminating against the demonstration so as to curry favor with the Republican Party, which was holding its quadrennial convention in New York City. Nevertheless, a court rejected UFPJ's challenge to the denial of the permit.  The major protest was eventually held elsewhere, on Sunday, August 29, 2004, the eve of the 2004 Republican National Convention in New York City. The event drew over 500,000 people, according to The New York Times, and received lead coverage (including a double-sized, vertical front page in New York Newsday) in every major newspaper. In March, 2007 NYPD Deputy Commissioner Paul Browne stated about the RNC protests: "You certainly had 800,000 on August 29th."
 * On January 27, 2007, a protest of the Iraq war was held in Washington, D.C., with approximately 400,000 people participating.

Unity statement
UFPJ's lengthy Unity Statement begins by asserting their opposition to the "pre-emptive wars of aggression waged by the Bush administration" and the "drive to expand U.S. control over other nations and strip us of our rights at home under the cover of fighting terrorism and spreading democracy." It then echoes the rhetoric of Not in Our Name (founded six months earlier and itself a member of UFPJ) stating, "we say NO to [the U.S.'s] use of war and racism to concentrate power in the hands of the few, at home and abroad."

It goes on to call for "a broad mass movement for peace and justice" and, in particular, for "peaceful resolution of disputes amongst states; respect for national sovereignty, international law, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the defense and extension of basic democratic freedoms to all; social and economic justice; and the use of public spending to meet human and environmental needs."

UFPJ explicitly positions itself as not being a single-issue organization: "We envision UFPJ as a movement-building coalition that coordinates and supports the work of existing groups and builds linkages and solidarity where none exist. We will link the wars abroad with the assaults at home, and U.S. militarism to the corporate economic interests it serves."

The statement lays out the intent of following these principles internally to UFPJ itself: "We will pay special attention in all aspects of our work to the inclusion and leadership of constituencies bearing the brunt of the war’s impact at home, such as people of color, youth, women, and workers. We will be pro-active in addressing internal power dynamics within our movement..." Further, the group pledges itself to non-violence.

The statement continues with a critique of U.S. government conduct, above all, with respect to the justification, preparation, and execution of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the subsequent occupation, including criticism of the media and the Democratic Party for "refus[ing] to challenge them." It argues that, "the war on Iraq was the leading edge of a relentless drive for U.S. empire... [e]xploiting the tragedy of September 11, 2001..." for that purpose and to "impose right-wing policies at home under the cover of fighting terrorism."

The critique is then broadened to much of U.S. foreign policy, nuclear weapons policy, racial profiling, detention of immigrants, and other abuses in domestic law enforcement, singling out the USA PATRIOT Act and the "even more draconian" PATRIOT Act II. It also assails the damage that a war budget and "tax cuts for the wealthy" have done to domestic programs such as Medicaid and even veterans' benefits, then states, "Military recruiters are aggressively targeting low-income students, predominantly people of color, who, because they are denied access to good schools and decent jobs, have few alternatives to poverty or incarceration other than joining the military."

Criticism
One critic claimed UFPJ is overly supportive of the Democratic Party. However, UFPJ had sponsored protests outside the Democratic National Convention in July 2004, calling for an "emphatic rejection of the Democratic 'leadership' that supported the war." In 2006, UFPJ, and many of its member groups, participated in the Voters for Peace campaign, a pledge which states, "I will only vote for or support federal candidates who publicly commit to a speedy end to the Iraq war, and to preventing future 'wars of aggression'."

Another critic has criticized the hierarchy, as he perceives it, within the New York City based leadership of UFPJ. He also stated that "term limits must be enforced if the office of [UFPJ's] national coordinator is to be continued."

"No Stolen Elections!" campaign
In September 2004, UFPJ joined with the Liberty Tree Foundation for the Democratic Revolution, Code Pink, and Global Exchange to launch the "No Stolen Elections!" campaign. Participants were invited to join in signing a pledge that began, "I remember the stolen presidential election of 2000 and I am willing to take action in 2004 if the election is stolen again." The campaign stated that it would prepare for widespread protest and civil disobedience in the event of significant fraud in the 2004 election. On November 3, tens of thousands of people, demonstrating in over 80 cities, protested purported vote suppression and mechanical irregularities in Ohio and other states.

Sharp disagreement with ANSWER
Although UFPJ worked with A.N.S.W.E.R. to build the September 24, 2005, Washington, D.C., rally, by December 2005 the two groups had definitively fallen out. A December 2005 statement by UFPJ says that "engagement with A.N.S.W.E.R.… [has been] …a difficult and controversial aspect of our work," and that UFPJ "has decided not to coordinate work with ANSWER again on a national level." The document discusses events surrounding the September 24 rally, charges that A.N.S.W.E.R. "violated the terms of our agreement in ways that substantially and negatively impacted September 24’s message and impact," remarks that "co-sponsorship with ANSWER on September 24 was welcomed by some in the antiwar movement but limited or prevented completely the participation of others," and explains, "We did not have consensus" about the decision not to work with A.N.S.W.E.R., but had "a more than two thirds supermajority … We make no recommendations or mandates on this issue to UFPJ member groups in local or constituency-based area…"

A.N.S.W.E.R. responded by saying that "UFPJ has publicly proclaimed its intention to split the movement," and accused UFPJ of "a false and ugly attack on the A.N.S.W.E.R. Coalition," and of doing so for "embarrassingly petty and astonishingly trivial" reasons. Besides giving their own version of the events surrounding September 24, A.N.S.W.E.R.'s statement indicates some less trivial differences between the groups: they criticize UFPJ for its willingness to embrace even moderate politicians, such as John Murtha, who are disaffected with the war, while A.N.S.W.E.R. "considers it harmful to try to tailor the message of the progressive movement to please the long-awaited but fictional support from the politicians."

title: United for Peace and Justice


text:
Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Writing

The Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Writing is a Canadian literary award, presented by the Writers' Trust of Canada to the best nonfiction book on Canadian political and social issues. It has been presented annually in Ottawa at the Writers’ Trust Politics and the Pen gala since 2000, superseding the organization's defunct Gordon Montador Award.

The award had a dollar value in 2015 of CAD25,000.

The prize was established in honour of Shaughnessy Cohen (February 11, 1948 - December 9, 1998), an outspoken and popular Liberal Member of Parliament from Windsor, Ontario who died after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage in the House of Commons of Canada just seconds after standing to address her peers. The award is sponsored by CN.

Submissions
All Canadian-based publishers of original manuscripts may enter two books; companies publishing more than ten eligible nonfiction titles during the 2012 calendar year may add one book for every additional ten eligible books (or fraction thereof) on their nonfiction list, up to a maximum of five. For example, a publisher with a list of 18 qualifying nonfiction books would be entitled to submit three — two for the first ten and one for the next ten.

Jury
A three-person jury selects the winner and finalists of the Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Writing. The jury acts independently of the Writers’ Trust and is charged with interpreting the mandate and eligibility criteria of the prize, as well as determining which of the submissions best reflect the prize mandate. In evaluating the writing, literary merit is the sole criteria. Each juror may request an unlimited number of additional titles from the publisher's lists. Such titles are on equal footing with all other submissions, provided that their publishers agree to abide by the conditions laid out in this document. The judgment of the jury in selecting the winners, determining eligibility, and interpreting these rules is final.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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KOA (AM)

KOA (850 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Denver, Colorado. Owned by iHeartMedia, it serves the Denver-Boulder media market. KOA broadcasts a news/talk radio format, and is also the flagship station of the Denver Broncos, Colorado Rockies and Colorado Buffaloes. KOA has its radio studios in Southeast Denver, while the transmitter site is off South Parker Road in Parker.

KOA is a Class A, clear-channel station, broadcasting at 50,000 watts non-directional, the maximum power permitted by the Federal Communications Commission for AM stations. By day, the station provides city-grade coverage to most of Colorado's densely populated area, including cities such as Colorado Springs, Pueblo and Fort Collins. It provides at least secondary coverage to most of eastern Colorado, along with portions of Wyoming. Under the right conditions, it reaches portions of Nebraska and Kansas. With a good radio at night, the signal can be heard over much of the Central and Western United States, and parts of Canada and Mexico. KOA is nicknamed "the Blowtorch of the West". It is Colorado's primary entry point station for the Emergency Alert System.

As of November 1, 2015, KOA is also heard on 94.1 MHz K231BQ, which is licensed to Golden, Colorado, as an FM translator of KBCO-HD3. In addition, KOA also simulcasts on translator K231AA (also on 94.1 MHz), licensed to Boulder.

History
KOA was first owned by General Electric and began broadcasting on December 15, 1924. The station started with 5,000 watts, and in 1927, increased to 12,500 watts. KOA became an NBC affiliate in 1929, and the network took over operation of the station from GE shortly thereafter. On July 7, 1934, power was raised to the current level of 50,000 watts. In 1941, NBC, which had been operating KOA and KGO in San Francisco for GE since October 1, 1929, also took over ownership of the stations. NBC continued to own KOA until June 1953 when it sold the station to Metropolitan Television Company, whose principal stockholder was Bob Hope. That same year on Christmas Eve, KOA started a sister TV station, KOA-TV on channel 4; like its radio cousin, it was affiliated with the NBC Television Network. KOA-FM was added in June of 1961, which in 1974 became Top 40 KOAQ (Q103). GE repurchased the stations in 1968 and continued to own them until 1983 (keeping the aforementioned channel 4, which was subsequently rechristened as KCNC-TV), when it sold KOA and KOAQ to Belo Corporation. In 1987 Jacor Communications purchased KOA and KOAQ; Jacor was purchased by Clear Channel Communications in 1999. The company rebranded to iHeartMedia in 2014.

Former Rocky Mountain News columnist Mike Rosen, who retired at the end of 2015, was the long-running host of the 1 to 3 p.m. show. Rosen is a fiscal conservative and social libertarian who occasionally was a substitute host for Rush Limbaugh. Common Rosen-isms are "tell me where you sit before you tell me where you stand" and "a politician asks what you want, an economist asks what you want more". Rosen's philosophy is reflected in his recommended reading list which includes Ayn Rand, Adam Smith, Paul Johnson and Thomas Sowell.

Other well-known local voices previously heard on KOA include Bob Martin, Don Zimmer, Gus Mircos, and Alex Stone. Rollye James and George Weber. The late Rick Barber was heard for 30 years on KOA. Consumer advocate Tom Martino and former FEMA official Michael D. Brown were KOA hosts until they switched to sister station KHOW.

Radio host Alan Berg broadcast his talk show from the station, but was shot and killed by members of the white supremacist group The Order on June 18, 1984. Another host from an earlier era was Leigh Kamman, who hosted jazz programs during World War II. Kamman returned to his home state of Minnesota after the war. The Sports Zoo with Dave Logan and Scott Hastings ran for 12 years until Hastings left in April 2005 for the Altitude Sports and Entertainment network. Hastings resumed sports radio broadcasting on KKFN in January 2006 alongside former Denver Broncos lineman Alfred Williams. Ken Hamblin, "The Black Avenger", also hosted a popular and long-running show during the 1980s.

Also in the 1980s, during the weekend evening hours on KOA, Larry Cox, and his dog Wilbur, would host the radio program The National Recovery Act, a listener-friendly call-in show. A certain topic was announced and people from all over the nation, picking up the KOA signal at night, would call in with their memories. Big band music from the 1930s and 1940s was also played. The program would always end with the song "And So To Bed". In December 1987, Cox began a new radio program, No Place Like Home, broadcast from his home on Chicago Creek. Listeners would often hear the fireplace crackling and Cox's dog, Wilbur, snoring.

Rush Limbaugh had been heard on KOA until 2019, when the show moved to co-owned KDFD (760 AM/93.7 FM). As a result of the changes, KOA began calling itself "The Voice of Colorado". , KOA brands itself as "Colorado's News, Talk, and Sports Station". In June 2022, longtime co-anchor of Colorado's Morning News April Zesbaugh retired.

Awards
KOA was one of ten stations honored at the 2007 NAB Crystal Radio Awards for public service awarded by the National Association of Broadcasters. Winners were honored at the radio luncheon on April 17, 2007, during the NAB Show in Las Vegas.

KOA was named "Large Market Station of the Year" at the 2008 National Association of Broadcasters' Marconi Radio Awards.

title: KOA (AM)


title: User:Zy26


text: User talk:68.75.27.1

title: User talk:68.75.27.1


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Le Téléjournal

Le Téléjournal is the umbrella title used for the television newscasts aired on the Ici Radio-Canada Télé broadcast network. Le Téléjournal (by itself) has been used since 1954 as the title of the network's flagship newscast, originating from Montreal, Quebec. It is considered the French language equivalent of the English-language CBC's The National.

From 1983 to 2006, Le Téléjournal was paired with a separate newsmagazine series called Le Point, similar to the distinction between CBC Television's The National and The Journal.

Other local and national newscasts airing on Radio-Canada adopted variants of the Téléjournal title beginning in the early 2000s. Local newscasts on Radio-Canada stations used to be known as (city or region name) Ce Soir (This Evening). They are also now called Le Téléjournal, usually followed by the name of the city or region, e.g., Le Téléjournal/Québec on CBVT-DT in Quebec City or Le Téléjournal/Acadie on CBAFT-DT in Moncton, New Brunswick. The Montreal program is Le Téléjournal avec Patrice Roy.

The network's national midday newscast, previously Le Midi and L'heure du midi, was also renamed Le Téléjournal/Midi in the early 2000s. In 2006, its breakfast newscast, Matin Express, was renamed Le Téléjournal/matin. It was later replaced on Radio-Canada with a simulcast of RDI Matin. RDI continues to air a half-hour program titled Le Téléjournal/matin.

Primetime edition
The flagship newscast is anchored by Céline Galipeau on Mondays to Thursdays and Pascale Nadeau from Fridays to Sundays. The newscast airs live at 10 pm Eastern Time (ET), 11 pm in the Maritimes, 11:30 pm in Newfoundland, on Radio-Canada stations in Ontario, Quebec and the Atlantic, and on tape delay at 10 pm local in the western provinces. An early edition of the program used to air on RDI at 9 pm ET, but this has been replaced by a separate program titled Le Téléjournal RDI, hosted by Geneviève Asselin. Every Thursday, the Points de vue segment hosted by Galipeau features journalists Tasha Kheiriddin, Michel David and in a question-and-answer session devoted to significant stories of the week.

Bernard Derome anchored the program from 1970 to 1998. He was succeeded by Stéphan Bureau, who anchored the program from 1998 until 2003 when he was replaced by Gilles Gougeon. Derome was brought back as anchor in 2004 in an effort to return the program to its earlier success. He retired from the program again on December 18, 2008. Galipeau, who succeeded Derome as the program's main anchor, used to be the weekend anchor.

Local Téléjournals
Local newscasts under the Téléjournal name air on all stations in the Radio-Canada network. The newscasts run for 30 minutes, except for Ontario and some Quebec stations, where it runs for an hour.

Local newscasts, called Le Téléjournal (name of region/city) unless otherwise indicated, are produced in the following regions hosted by the following anchors.

 * Alberta (CBXFT-DT) - Jean-Emmanuel Fortier in Edmonton, Fuat Seker in Calgary
 * Atlantic Canada (CBAFT-DT, as Le Téléjournal/Acadie) - Karine Godin, Janic Godin
 * Bas-Saint-Laurent/Côte-Nord/Gaspésie (CJBR-DT, as Le Téléjournal/Est du Québec) - Charles-Alexandre Tisseyre, Denis Leduc
 * British Columbia (CBUFT-DT) - Julie Carpentier, Noémie Moukanda
 * Estrie (CKSH-DT) - Chantal Rivest, Marie Eve Lacas
 * Manitoba (including Ontario within CT) (CBWFT-DT) - Godlove Kamwa, Cedrick Noufele
 * Mauricie–Centre-du-Québec (CKTM-DT) - Sophie Bernier, Sarah Désilets-Rousseau
 * Montreal (CBFT-DT, as Le Téléjournal avec Patrice Roy) - Patrice Roy
 * Ontario (ET areas only) (CBLFT-DT; late nights on CBOFT-DT) - Gabriel Garon, Sébastien St-François
 * Ottawa–Gatineau (CBOFT-DT evenings) - Mathieu Nadon, Daniel Bouchard
 * Quebec City (CBVT-DT) - Bruno Savard, Louis-Simon Lapointe
 * Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (CKTV-DT) - Mélanie Patry, Jean-François Coulombe
 * Saskatchewan (CBKFT-DT) - Zoé Clin, Karel Houde-Hébert

The network's two now-defunct private affiliates aired newscasts at 6:30 pm, after simulcasting one of the network-owned stations' newscasts.

 * Abitibi-Témiscamingue (CKRN-DT) - Alexandre Dubé (following Le Téléjournal Grand Montréal 18 h); CKRN-DT closed down in 2018.
 * Bas-Saint-Laurent/Charlevoix (CKRT-DT) - Marc Larouche (following Le Téléjournal/Est du Québec); CKRT-DT closed down in 2021.

title: Le Téléjournal


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Cowl unit

A cowl unit is a diesel locomotive with full-width, enclosing bodywork, similar in appearance to the cab unit-style of earlier locomotives, such as the EMD F-units of the 1940s and 1950s. The term cowl unit is of North American origin, although similarly-styled locomotives exist elsewhere.

Unlike a cab unit, whose body is both an enclosure and the main structural member of the locomotive, a cowl unit’s bodywork acts only as a enclosure—the body plays no structural role. Structural support for the locomotive’s machinery, as well resistance to buff and draft loads, is embodied in the locomotive's below-deck frame. As the body itself is not structural, it can be removed from the chassis, a feature that facilitates heavy maintenance and repair.

Cowl units were originally produced at the request of the Santa Fe railway, their EMD FP45 units having a full-width “cowl” body built on a EMD SDP45 hood unit's chassis—the SDP45, in turn, was a stretched version of the EMD SD45 freight unit. Amtrak’s SDP40F units were also cowl units, and were built up on the EMD SD40-2 freight locomotive chassis.

Most cowl units have been passenger-hauling locomotives. In this service, the cowl unit's full-width bodywork and smooth sides match the rest of the train's general appearance, as well as facilitate decoration of the locomotive with the livery desired by passenger operators, e.g., Santa Fe’s distinctive “warbonnet” livery. With no decking outside of the carbody, such as found on hood-style freight units, a cowl unit’s design tends to discourage unwanted riders. Furthermore, the smooth outline of the locomotive allows it to be run through the same wash racks used to clean passenger cars.

The main disadvantage of the cowl unit is low rear visibility from the cab. The EMD SD50F and SD60F, GE C40-8M and BBD HR-616 were given a Draper Taper (named after its creator, William L. Draper, a former Canadian National assistant chief of motive power), in which the body is narrower immediately behind the cab, and gradually widens further aft, although the roof remains full-width the length of the locomotive. This arrangement improves rearward visibility to some extent, but such locomotives cannot run in reverse as the lead unit because they do not have ditch lights at both ends.

Passenger-oriented cowl units

 * EMD FP45
 * EMD SDP40F
 * EMD F40C
 * EMD F40PH
 * EMD F40PHR
 * EMD F40PH-2
 * EMD F40PH-2CAT (rebuild)
 * EMD F40PH-2M
 * EMD GP40FH-2M (MK/MPI rebuild)
 * EMD F59PH
 * EMD F59PHI
 * EMD F69PHAC
 * EMD DE30AC
 * EMD DM30AC
 * EMD F125
 * GE U30CG
 * GE P30CH
 * GE P40DC
 * GE P32AC-DM
 * GE P42DC
 * MPI F40PHL-2
 * MPI F40PH-2C
 * MPI F40PH-3C
 * MPI MP36PH-3C
 * MPI MP36PH-3S
 * MPI MP40PH-3C
 * MPI MP54AC
 * Siemens Charger
 * Bombardier ALP-45DP
 * EMD/Alstom PL42AC

Freight-oriented cowl units

 * EMD F45
 * EMD FP45
 * EMD GP40FH-2
 * EMD SDP40F (SDF40-2)
 * GMD SD40-2F
 * GMD SD50F
 * GMD SD60F
 * GE C40-8M
 * BBD HR-616

Export/license-built cowl units

 * EMD AT42C
 * EMD FT36HCW-2
 * GE UM12C (Philippine service)

LMS 10000 & 10001
The LMS Diesels 10000 & 10001, later classified as British Rail Class D16/1, were introduced in 1947. These were Great Britain's first mainline diesel locomotives, coming about a decade after America's first cab units. Despite their streamlined exterior, the LMS units are actually cowl units. It is easy to misinterpret this, because as in North America, cowl designs tend to be more angular in appearance, while cab designs have a similar curved streamlining.

title: Cowl unit


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Toshio Furukawa

Toshio Furukawa (古川 登志夫) is a Japanese actor, voice actor and narrator affiliated with Aoni Production. He is married to fellow voice actress Shino Kakinuma.

Career
He became famous for his roles in his career as Kagege (Sgt. Frog), Kai Shiden (Mobile Suit Gundam), Shin (Fist of the North Star), Asuma Shinohara (Mobile Police Patlabor), Piccolo (Dragon Ball), Ataru Moroboshi (Urusei Yatsura), Portgas D. Ace (One Piece), Jann Lee (Dead or Alive) and Misao Yamamura (Detective Conan). His debut voice role is a soldier in Brave Raideen. Toshio is a veteran who has played a variety of characters from comedians like Ataru of Urusei Yatsura and Inumaru of Gosenzo-sama Banbanzai!, to calm, serious ones like Shin from Fist of the North Star and Piccolo of the Dragon Ball series. Furthermore, Toshio is capable of performing with a "boy voice" and has played noble hot-blooded heroes such as Prince Mito of Saikyō Robo Daiōja and Kento Tate of Future Robo Daltanius.

He performed in the band Slapstick (スラップスティック) with Tōru Furuya, Kazuyuki Sogabe, Yūji Mitsuya and Akio Nojima. In 2007, Slapstick got together to pay tribute to former band members, Hirotaka Suzuoki and Kazuyuki Sogabe (guitar).

Furukawa owns a pet dog named Asuma (遊馬), a Shih Tzu that was named after Asuma Shinohara of Patlabor. His former pet was Ataru (あたる), which was named after Ataru Moroboshi of Urusei Yatsura. Ataru died in 2008 at age fifteen and was also a Shih Tzu. Tribute pages were made for both pets.

Original video animation (OVA)

 * Urusei Yatsura (1985-2008) (Ataru Moroboshi)
 * Lupin III: The Plot of the Fuma Clan (1987) (Arsène Lupin III)
 * Bubblegum Crisis (1987-1991) (Leon McNichol)
 * Appleseed (1988) (Calon)
 * Crying Freeman (1988-1994) (Hinomura Yō a.k.a.Crying Freeman)
 * Legend of the Galactic Heroes (1988-2000) (Olivier Poplin)
 * Gosenzo-sama Banbanzai! (1989) (Inumaru Yomota)
 * Saint Seiya: Elysion Hen (2008) (Thanatos)
 * Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn (2012–14) (Kai Shiden)
 * Mobile Suit Gundam: The Origin (2016–18) (Kai Shiden)

Original net animation (ONA)

 * Lupin Zero (2022) (Lupin II)
 * Pluto (2023) (Professor Ochanomizu)

Video games

 * Dragon Ball series (1993–present) (Piccolo, General Blue)
 * Mr. Driller series (1999–present) (Taizo Hori, Ataru Hori)

Tokusatsu

 * Jumborg Ace (1974) (Worker (Actor), Dump Kong (Suit Actor))
 * X-Bomber (1980) (Shiro Ginga)
 * Tetsuwan Tantei Robotack (1998) (Takkard)
 * Bakuryu Sentai Abaranger DELUXE: Abare Summer is Freezing Cold! Movie (2003) (Dimensional Drifter Galvidi)
 * Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger (2004) (Narrator)
 * Kamen Rider Wizard (2012) (Wiseman (Carbuncle (Ep. 8 - 47 (Ep. 48 Voice by Narushi Ikeda)))
 * Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider Wizard & Fourze: Movie War Ultimatum (2012) (Wiseman)

Live-action film

 * The Red Spectacles (1987)

Live-action television

 * Shin Heike Monogatari (1972)

Live-action

 * Billy Crystal
 * City Slickers (TV Tokyo edition) (Mitch Robbins)
 * Forget Paris (Mickey Gordon)
 * Analyze This (2001 TV Asahi edition) (Ben Sobel M.D.)
 * Parental Guidance (Artie Decker)
 * Small Apartments (Burt Walnut)
 * Aliens (2003 Ultimate Edition) (Bishop (Lance Henriksen))
 * Alien 3 (2005 Ultimate Edition) (Bishop (Lance Henriksen))
 * Back to the Future (1989 TV Asahi edition) (George McFly (Crispin Glover))
 * CHiPs (Ponch (Erik Estrada))
 * Dave (1997 TV Asahi edition) (Dave Kovic (Kevin Kline))
 * Fargo (2002 TV Tokyo edition) (Jerry Lundegaard (William H. Macy))
 * Ghost World (Seymour (Steve Buscemi))
 * The Ice Storm (Ben Hood (Kevin Kline))
 * Independence Day (1999 TV Asahi edition) (U.S. President Thomas J. Whitmore (Bill Pullman))
 * Killing Eve (Paul (Steve Pemberton))
 * The Last Emperor (1989 TV Asahi edition) (Camp Interrogator (Ric Young))
 * Little House on the Prairie (Almanzo Wilder (Dean Butler))
 * Monty Python (Terry Gilliam)
 * Mr. Vampire (Man-choi (Ricky Hui))
 * Out of Africa (2012 DVD and Blu-ray editions) (Denys Finch Hatton (Robert Redford))
 * Speed (1998 TV Asahi edition) (Harry Temple (Jeff Daniels))
 * The World Is Not Enough (2003 TV Asahi edition) (Victor "Renard" Zokas (Robert Carlyle))

Animation

 * Antz (Z)
 * House of Mouse (Panchito Pistoles)
 * Legend of the Three Caballeros (Panchito Gonzalez)
 * Robots (Herb Copperbottom)
 * The Three Caballeros (1994 dub ver) (Panchito Pistoles)
 * Watership Down (Hazel)

title: Toshio Furukawa


text:
User talk:Jandrews

Please don't create vanity articles (or links) about yourself and your friends. RickK 05:49, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC)

vanity
I had a read of the wiki and there is nothing on digital poetry. If you check the links, I trust you will find that the links I have included in the article on digital poetry are worthy of inclusion in the wiki, Rick. Nor are they all to "friends". I do know a lot of contemporary poets around the world, but the people I've included are there for the quality of their work, not whether I know them or not.

ja

curious
sorry, i'm a bit confused. perhaps you can help.

i spent hours putting together a list of links to online digital poetry publications and list of links to the sites of well-known digital poets and i see you have deleted them all. why is that?

ja

Please have a look at What Wikipedia is not, and check point number 5 -- Wikipedia is not a link repository. RickK 18:42, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jandrews


text:
User:Tmbg47

I'm Jon.

Comments
I love Allie.

title: User:Tmbg47


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Category:Ice cream

Ice cream is a frozen dessert made from dairy products (milk, cream or custard) combined with flavourings, sweeteners.

title: Category:Ice cream


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Loft Story (French TV series)

Loft Story was a French reality show, and it is the first French adaptation of Big Brother franchise. The show generally considered is the first of its kind in France. Loft Story presented by Benjamin Castaldi and broadcast on M6 from 26 April 2001 to 5 July 2001 for the first season and from 11 April 2002 to 4 July 2002 for the second season.

The French title of the show is a play-on-words on loft because the contestants are "locked up" in a loft during their adventure, and Love Story.

The initial Loft Story inspired the creation of a similar show of the same name in Quebec. The famous eye logo is used by both Loft Story versions. It evokes the voyeuristic eye of the television viewer as she or he watches the Lofteurs live in front of the cameras. Some of them get gradually voted off the show by viewers on their phones and the last couple win a house. It caused great controversy in France and the house was attacked by protesters.

Format
Loft Story is a slightly re-tooled version of the Original Big Brother, toned down slightly for the French market by production company Endemol.

Eleven singles cut off from the outside world and must live in a loft where all rooms (except toilets and a room imposed by the CSA) are equipped with 26 cameras (including 3 infrared cameras, mostly hidden behind one-way mirrors) and microphones. They are filmed 24 hours a day.

Broadcast
The live stream is slightly delayed on one or more paid channels of the TPS offer, as well as on the Internet during the first season. A daily program is broadcast after editing this live footage.

Presentation
The show was presented by Benjamin Castaldi. Two hosts co-hosted the live show from the loft: Marie Guillaumond in 2001 and Séverine Ferrer in 2002.

In 2002, during the second season, there was also a show presented by Max and broadcast on Saturday at 23:55 summarizing the events of the week and welcomed the evicted contestants.

Season 1

 * Start Date: 26 April 2001
 * End Date: 5 July 2001
 * The prize: 3,000,000-franc₣ worth house (€450,000)

Nominations table
All Housemates entered on Day 1 except for Fabrice and Kimy who entered on Day 7 and Day 11 respectively.

Notes:
 * From now on they will award each Lofteur points, their favourite will receive maximum points and their least favourite will receive one point. The two or more with the fewest points will be up for nomination.

The contestants released a music single under the name 'Les Lofteurs'; 'Up and Down' reached number one in the French charts.

Season 2

 * Start Date: 11 April 2002
 * End Date: 4 July 2002
 * Prize: €250,000 + €250,000

Nominations table
All Housemates entered on Day 1 except for Lauryne and Romain who entered on Day 7 and Day 14 respectively.

Criticism
Loft Story became a craze when it was screened, but as it went on, it became extremely criticized, mocked and belittled by the media: the premise of ordinary young people being filmed most of the time in a cozy loft (and letting themselves out, they got a reputation of being stupid), being voted off by people on phones and getting to win money at the end, got it called high-rated "garbage tv".

Loft Story is considered to be the precursor of reality shows in France where the contestants get voted off by viewers.

Like other Big Brother-style programs, the show's sexual content was criticized as several contestants were seen having intercourse on camera.

title: Loft Story (French TV series)


text: Category:Lists of brands

title: Category:Lists of brands


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Richmond–San Rafael Bridge

The Richmond–San Rafael Bridge (officially renamed the John F. McCarthy Memorial Bridge in 1981 ) is the northernmost of the east–west crossings of California's San Francisco Bay, carrying Interstate 580 from Richmond on the east to San Rafael on the west. It opened in 1956, replacing ferry service by the Richmond–San Rafael Ferry Company, and was officially renamed in 1981 to honor California State Senator John F. McCarthy, who championed the bridge's creation.

Early proposals
Proposals for a bridge were advanced in the 1920s, preceding the completion of the Golden Gate Bridge. In 1927, Roy O. Long of The Richmond–San Rafael Bridge, Incorporated, applied for a franchise to construct and operate a private toll bridge. The proposed 1927 Long bridge would have been a steel suspension bridge, carrying a 30 ft roadway for a distance of 14600 ft at an estimated construction cost of US$12000000 1927. The bridge would afford a maximum vertical clearance of 135 ft with a 1200 ft main span. Charles Derleth, Jr. was selected as the consulting engineer, after having served in that role for the recently completed Carquinez Bridge. The Long bridge would have spanned San Pablo Bay between Point Orient (in Contra Costa County) to just below McNear's Point (in Marin County), and Long was granted the franchise in February 1928 by the Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors.

A competing proposed bridge also came out in 1927, from Charles Van Damme of the Richmond-San Rafael Ferry Company. The 1927 Van Damme bridge would have carried a 27 ft roadway for a distance of 19000 ft at an identical estimated construction cost of US$12000000 1927. It would have spanned San Pablo Bay from Castro Point (Contra Costa County) to Point San Quentin (Marin County), approximately the same routing as the eventually completed 1956 bridge. Although the 1927 Long bridge had been granted a franchise in February 1928, Van Damme subsequently petitioned to reopen the case, since the ferry company owned the land at the proposed eastern terminus and therefore should have been favored in the franchise selection process. Also, since the ferry company's franchise rights were not set to expire until the 1950s, Long's 1927 bridge cost would have increased to reimburse losses to ferry revenues. Soon after winning the franchise rights, Long approached Van Damme with an offer to buy the Richmond-San Rafael Ferry Company for US$1250000 1928.

Van Damme and Long later agreed in September 1928 to merge their interests for a combined bridge proposal between Point San Pablo (Contra Costa County) and McNear's Point (Marin County). The combined project, now headed by Oscar Klatt for the American Toll Bridge Company, received approval for the routing from then-Secretary of War Good in May 1929, although vertical and horizontal clearances for the proposed bridge were not fully established at the time. In November 1929, vertical clearance had been increased to 160 ft to satisfy Navy requirements. The construction permit was issued in February 1930.

Klatt's 1929 bridge was dormant for nearly a decade following the issuance of a construction permit in 1930. An extension was filed in 1938 to allow construction to start as late as February 1942, and fresh plans for a bridge district to facilitate financing were announced in 1939. In 1947, interest was revived in bridging Marin and Contra Costa Counties.

Tomasini's San Francisco–Alameda–Marin crossings
A third bridge was proposed in late 1927 by the enigmatic T.A. Tomasini. Tomasini's 1927 bridge called for two lanes of automobile traffic straddling a central rail line from San Pedro Hill (Marin) to San Pablo station (Contra Costa), a distance of over 5 mi. In 1928, Tomasini presented a revised proposal for a bridge farther south than the other two bridges—spanning the water from Albany (in Alameda County) to Tiburon. The 1928 Tomasini Albany–Tiburon bridge was the longest of the three proposed bridges by a significant margin. The proposed Albany–Tiburon bridge would have been similar in concept to the 1967 San Mateo–Hayward Bridge, with a high-level western section approximately 7700 ft long transitioning to a low-level eastern causeway. The western section featured two 1000 ft spans to cross the navigation channels, with the western navigation span having a minimum vertical clearance of 150 ft and the eastern navigation span having a minimum vertical clearance of 135 ft. The 1000 ft navigation channels for the proposed Albany–Tiburon bridge were opposed by shipping interests, who wanted the channels to be 1500 ft wide instead. The cost of the longer spans required would have made the proposed Albany–Tiburon bridge impractical, and Tomasini argued that "any mariner who could not negotiate a bridge such as proposed should lose his license."

Tomasini would later add a bridge spanning Richardson Bay in March 1928 from Sausalito to Belvedere to his proposal. The additional Sausalito–Belvedere bridge would have been 7300 ft long and 22 ft wide with a lift span to allow the passage of large vessels, at an estimated cost of US$750000 1928. Meanwhile, in April 1928 Tomasini recruited the prominent Ralph Modjeski to serve as the consulting head engineer for the proposed Albany–Tiburon span, and Modjeski promptly complimented the plans that had been drawn up by Tomasini's chief engineer, Erle L. Cope. The design for a lift span in the proposed Sausalito–Belvedere bridge was changed to a bascule after public comments were received from a local shipbuilder. Tomasini received a permit for the Sausalito–Belvedere bridge from the War Department in December 1928. Tomasini had planned to commence construction of the Sausalito–Belvedere bridge in July 1930, but he was met with opposition from the Tiburon-Belvedere Chamber of Commerce, who felt the creation of a bridge would eliminate the promised San Francisco-Tiburon ferry service. In 1931, the Richardson Bay Redwood Bridge was opened, which was the largest structure in the world constructed of redwood. The Redwood Bridge carried the Redwood Highway (present-day US 101) and spanned the upper reach of Richardson Bay, eliminating some of the need for the proposed Sausalito–Belvedere bridge. The Redwood Bridge would be replaced by a concrete structure in the 1950s.

Tomasini continued to add to the project scope in July 1928 by proposing a bridge and tunnel to join San Francisco to the proposed Albany–Tiburon bridge. The tunnel would run roughly northeast from Bay Street and Grant Avenue, not far from present-day Pier 39, at a depth of 50 ft below low tide water level for 11200 ft. At that point, the tunnel would surface northwest of Goat Island, and then transition to a bridge nearly 4 mi long with a minimum vertical clearance of 50 ft and two lift spans connecting to the proposed Albany–Tiburon bridge. The cost of the entire project was US$55670000 1928, split as US$20000000 1928 for the Albany–Tiburon bridge, US$670000 1928 for the Sausalito–Belvedere bridge, and US$35000000 1928 for the San Francisco–Marin–Alameda tunnel and bridge. Tomasini organized each of the three proposed structures as independent projects, preferably to be built simultaneously, but in the event that one was not approved, it would not delay the construction of the other two. San Francisco's board of supervisors rejected Tomasini's San Francisco–Marin–Alameda tunnel and bridge in September 1928, although the board's action was non-binding.

By February 1932, Tomasini's proposed Albany–Tiburon bridge had changed to a combination bridge—tunnel. The bridge portion was a low trestle approximately 19800 ft long, extending westward from Point Fleming in Albany in Alameda County. The proposed tunnel would have been 17200 ft long and ventilated by four towers, emerging at Bluff Point near Tiburon in Marin County. Total estimated cost for the two structures was now US$35000000 1932 and despite opposition from the US Navy, who cited potential navigation hazards, the bridge—tunnel was approved by the War Department in July 1932. Although he had the permit to begin work, Tomasini filed numerous annual extensions to retain the rights through 1941, apparently due to a lack of funding to start work. Tomasini was still scrambling for funding in August 1941, seeking the issue of bonds worth US$20000000 1941. Tomasini lost the rights to the crossing in October 1941, which was not the first time he was opposed by Earl Warren, who had questioned the validity of Tomasini's franchise as early as 1933. Still, Tomasini was doggedly trying to advance his plans as late as 1948.

Construction: 1953–1957
In 1949, the County of Marin and the City of Richmond commissioned a preliminary engineering report from Earl and Wright of San Francisco, which concluded that a bridge would be feasible. A follow-up 1950 study, conducted by the Division of San Francisco Bay Toll Crossings, was commissioned by Marin County and the City of Richmond using US$200000 1950 in state funding. The 1950 report concluded the bridge could be built in accordance with the California Toll Bridge Authority Act. The preliminary design was approved on August 8, 1951 and California approved the preliminary report on November 27, 1951. The California Toll Bridge Authority authorized the issue of US$72000000 1952 in bonds on November 7, 1952 and subsequently sold US$62000000 1953 on February 26, 1953 to construct a single-deck bridge. The remaining US$10000000 1953 was reserved for construction contingencies and to complete the lower deck of the bridge. The $62 million raised from bond sales was divided into three parts: US$50000000 1953 for construction, US$10000000 1953 to address interest obligations on the bonds during the construction period, and US$2000000 1953 in construction contingency. In 1954, Governor Knight declared the second deck should not be delayed in the public interest, and US$6000000 1955 was loaned from the State School Land Fund in 1955 to complete the second deck. The bridge was finished $4 million under budget.

During the study period, an earth and rock-fill bridge with lift structures was considered, but the high-level bridge was chosen as the cost of a low bridge with navigation locks and lifting structures was prohibitive.

The majority of construction costs were tied up in two contracts that opened for bidding on December 19, 1952. The first contract, for the substructure, was awarded to the low bidder, the Ben C. Gerwick, Inc. — Peter Kiewit Sons' Co. Joint Venture for US$14234550 1953. The second contract, for the superstructure, was awarded to the low bid of US$21099319 1953 by a joint venture between Peter Kiewit Sons' Co. — A. Soda & Son — Judson Pacific Murphy Corp. The substructure construction moved rapidly, with an estimated 45% of piers completed approximately a year after the contract was awarded.

The bridge with the upper deck was opened in 1956. It was dedicated on August 31, and opened for traffic on September 1 with one traffic lane per direction. At the time, it was the world's second-longest bridge, behind the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, as well as the longest continuous steel bridge. The lower deck opened on August 20, 1957, at which point there were three lanes of traffic per direction.

Historical notes
Originally a part of State Route 17, the bridge is now part of Interstate 580.

Upon its opening, the Richmond–San Rafael bridge was the last bridge across San Francisco Bay to replace a previous ferry service, leaving the Benicia–Martinez Ferry across Carquinez Strait as the only remaining auto ferry in the Bay Area (it would be replaced by a bridge in 1962).

Description
The bridge—including approaches—measures 5.5 miles (29,040 feet / 8,851.39 m / 8.9 km) long. At the time it was built, it was one of the world's longest bridges. The bridge spans two ship channels and has two separate main cantilever spans. Both main cantilever spans are raised to allow ship traffic to pass, and in between, there is a "dip" in the elevation of the center section, giving the bridge a vertical undulation or "roller coaster" appearance and also the nickname "roller coaster span". To save money, the cantilever main spans share identical symmetric designs, so the "uphill" grade on the approach required for the elevated span is duplicated on the other "downhill" side, resulting in a depressed center truss section. In addition, because the navigation channels are not parallel to each other, the bridge also does not follow a straight line. This appearance has also been referred to as a "bent coat hanger".

After it was completed, many were disappointed by the appearance of the bridge; Frank Lloyd Wright, a famous designer who was not an engineer, reportedly called for it to be destroyed due to its ugliness, and complained that it was "the most awful thing I've ever seen" during its construction in 1953. Contrariwise, the neighboring Golden Gate Bridge, and the western span of the Bay Bridge, had been considered engineering and historical marvels. However, the project's senior engineers were the same ones who had worked on the Bay Bridge, with their design reflecting lessons they had learned from doing so.

From west (Point San Quentin) to east (Castro Point), the bridge consists of: Excluding approaches, the bridge structures comprise a total length of 21335 ft on the upper deck and 22125 ft on the lower deck. Despite the varying height of the bridge, roadway grades are limited to 3% or less. As completed, the bridge has two decks each capable of carrying three lanes of traffic. As of 2020, westbound traffic rides on the upper deck and is marked with two lanes of vehicle traffic, as well as a pedestrian/bicycle path separated from vehicles by a movable barrier. Eastbound traffic rides on the lower deck and features two lanes of vehicle traffic as well as a third lane that is activated during evening commute hours and serves as a shoulder when not in use. The extra lane features lights indicating that the lane is open or closed. The third lane has been used for various purposes other than traffic, such as carrying a water pipeline during a drought.
 * A 2845 ft trestle structure supported by fifty-seven bents. The upper deck is 2845 ft, and the lower deck is slightly longer at 3635 ft.
 * 1900 ft of girder spans, consisting of nineteen 100 ft girder spans
 * 4125 ft of truss spans, divided into fourteen trusses each 292 ft long, on average.
 * The western 2145 ft cantilever structure, with arms measuring 538 ft each flanking a central span of 1070 ft. The western cantilever span is the main 1070 ft navigation channel and features a vertical clearance of 185 ft.
 * 2955 ft of truss spans, consisting of ten spans each 292 ft long, on average.
 * The eastern 2145 ft cantilever structure, with arms measuring 538 ft each flanking a central span of 1070 ft. The eastern cantilever span is the secondary 1070 ft navigation channel and features a reduced vertical clearance of 135 ft.
 * 3505 ft of truss spans, consisting of twelve spans each 292 ft long, on average.
 * 1715 ft of 100 ft girder spans

The bridge stands on 79 reinforced concrete piers supported on steel H-piles. Nine piers stand on land, eight are in cofferdams near the Contra Costa terminus, and the remaining 62 are bell-type piers with a flared base. The original deck was a 5.5 in thick reinforced concrete slab, with a mortar wearing surface 0.5 in thick. To facilitate maintenance, the bridge was designed with two 2.5 in lines (carrying compressed air and potable water) extending from end to end. Each deck was also equipped with three overhead maintenance tracks.

Public transit service
Golden Gate Transit bus route 580 provides public transportation across the bridge. Formerly route 40, it runs between the San Rafael Transit Center and the El Cerrito del Norte BART station. Golden Gate Transit Route 42, which provided service to Richmond BART/Amtrak station, was folded into route 40 in December 2015 that was later redesignated line 580, after the freeway on which it crosses the bay.

Tolls
Tolls are only collected from westbound traffic headed to San Rafael at the toll plaza on the east side of the bridge. All-electronic tolling has been in effect since 2020, and drivers may either pay using the FasTrak electronic toll collection device, using the license plate tolling program, or via a one time payment online. Effective, the toll rate for passenger cars is $7. During peak traffic hours, carpool vehicles carrying three or more people, clean air vehicles, or motorcycles may pay a discounted toll of $3.50 if they have FasTrak and use the designated carpool lane. Drivers must pay within 48 hours after crossing the bridge or they will be sent a toll violation invoice. No additional fees will be added to the toll violation if it is paid within 21 days.

Historical toll rates
The following initial toll rates were adopted on July 10, 1956, prior to the opening of the bridge:

The basic toll (for automobiles) on the seven state bridges, including the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge, was raised to $1 by Regional Measure 1, approved by Bay Area voters in 1988. A $1 seismic retrofit surcharge was added in 1998 by the state legislature, originally for eight years, but since then extended to December 2037 (AB1171, October 2001). On March 2, 2004, voters approved Regional Measure 2, raising the toll by another dollar to a total of $3. An additional dollar was added to the toll starting January 1, 2007, to cover cost overruns concerning the replacement of the eastern span.

The Metropolitan Transportation Commission, a regional transportation agency, in its capacity as the Bay Area Toll Authority, administers RM1 and RM2 funds, allocating a significant portion to public transit capital improvements and operating subsidies in the transportation corridors the bridges serve. Caltrans administers the "second dollar" seismic surcharge, and receives some of the MTC-administered funds to perform other maintenance work on the bridges. The Bay Area Toll Authority is made up of appointed officials put in place by various city and county governments, and is not subject to direct voter oversight.

Due to further funding shortages for seismic retrofit projects, the Bay Area Toll Authority again raised tolls on all seven of the state-owned bridges in July 2010. The toll rate for autos on the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge was thus increased to $5.

In June 2018, Bay Area voters approved Regional Measure 3 to further raise the tolls on all seven of the state-owned bridges to fund $4.5 billion worth of transportation improvements in the area. Under the passed measure, the toll rate for autos on the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge will be increased to $6 on January 1, 2019; to $7 on January 1, 2022; and then to $8 on January 1, 2025.

In September 2019, the MTC approved a $4 million plan to eliminate toll takers and convert all seven of the state-owned bridges to all-electronic tolling, citing that 80 percent of drivers are now using Fastrak and the change would improve traffic flow. On March 20, 2020, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, all-electronic tolling was placed in effect for all seven state-owned toll bridges. The MTC then installed new systems at all seven bridges to make them permanently cashless by the start of 2021. In April 2022, the Bay Area Toll Authority announced plans to remove all remaining unused toll booths and create an open-road tolling system which functions at highway speeds.

Seismic retrofit
In the fall of 2001, the bridge commenced an extensive seismic retrofit program, similar to other bridges in the area. The retrofit was designed by a three-way joint venture between Gerwick/Sverdrup/DMJM under a US$19000000 1995 design contract awarded in 1995. The retrofit is intended to allow the two-tier bridge to withstand a 7.4 magnitude earthquake on the Hayward Fault and an 8.3 magnitude quake on the San Andreas Fault. The foundation piers were strengthened by wrapping the lower section of structural steel in a concrete casing, installing new shear piles, and adding bracing to the structural steel towers. Isolation joints and bearings were also added to the main bridge structures (cantilever spans over the navigation channels) to strengthen the structure.

The fifty-year-old bridge was showing its age and also needed age-related maintenance, which was performed in conjunction with the seismic upgrade work. There were reports of cars being damaged while traveling on the lower deck by fist-sized concrete chunks falling from the joints of upper deck slabs.

A major part of the retrofit involved the long concrete causeway on the Marin side, which as part of the retrofit program, was nearly completely replaced. Because of the active use of the bridge, Caltrans designed the project to allow the bridge to remain open to traffic. For economy, schedule efficiency and traffic impact mitigation, much of the repair work was fabricated off site and shipped to the bridge by barge.

To reduce impacts to traffic the major work was performed at night. Caltrans kept two lanes of traffic moving in each direction during daylight hours, then reduced that flow to a single lane in each direction at night. Thus, one trestle was completely closed, and the other trestle had two-way traffic.

The concrete segments of the trestle were precast in Petaluma and barged to the site. At monthly intervals, tugs positioned barges with one or two 100 ft, 500-ton pre-cast concrete roadway segments, which a 900-ton barge-mounted crane lifted into place. Earlier, either two or four of the corroded, 50 ft concrete segments of the old roadway were removed by crane. Then, a pile driver moved into position and drove new piles. After the new concrete road segment was in place, steel plates were used to temporarily fill the gaps, and the roadway was ready for morning traffic. At times, construction backed up traffic to Highway 101 into central San Rafael.

The completion of this retrofit, on September 22, 2005, was celebrated as a success despite the many challenges, including the deaths of two workers.

The retrofit was originally estimated by Caltrans engineers at US$329000000 1999, but Caltrans adjusted the estimate to US$393272000 2000 in 2000 during the bidding process. While most of the resulting bids were close to US$545000000 2000, the low bid came in at US$484403479 2000 from the Tutor-Saliba/Koch/Tidewater Joint Venture. Caltrans revised their estimate to US$665000000 2001 in May 2001 when more funds were appropriated for California's Toll Bridge Seismic Retrofit Program in Assembly Bill 1171. The cost was again adjusted during an August 2004 review by Caltrans, this time to US$914000000 2004. The final cost of the retrofit, however, was $778 million, or $136 million below this August 2004 estimate.

Third lanes
In both directions, the bridge is wide enough to accommodate three lanes of traffic. The bridge previously operated with all three lanes in both directions opened to traffic after the lower deck was completed in 1957. Currently the third lane on the lower deck is used as a right-hand shoulder or a "breakdown lane" and is marked along the bridge with the signs "Emergency Parking Only". The third lane on the upper deck is a separated bicycle and pedestrian path.

In 1977, Marin County was suffering one of its worst droughts in history. A temporary on-surface pipeline, six miles (10 km) long, was placed in the third lane. The pipe transferred 8,000,000 gallons of water a day from the East Bay Municipal Utility District's mains in Richmond to Marin's 170,000 residents. By 1978, the drought subsided and the pipeline was removed. The disused third lane was then restriped as a shoulder.

In 1989, after the Loma Prieta earthquake, the third lane was opened up as a normal lane to accommodate increased traffic after the Bay Bridge was shut down because of a failure of that span. Many commuters from San Francisco drove across the Golden Gate Bridge into Marin and then across the Richmond–San Rafael Bridge to go to Oakland (and vice versa). After the Bay Bridge was reopened, the third lane was again closed.

On February 11, 2015, the Bay Area Toll Authority approved a plan to install a protected bike and pedestrian path on the wide shoulder of the upper deck of the bridge. The path was expected to be complete in 2017, however it opened on November 16, 2019. As part of the same project, a third eastbound lane was added the previous year on the lower deck to be available for evening commutes.

Closures
Like most San Francisco Bay bridges, the Richmond–San Rafael is subject to closure in the event of strong crosswinds. The bridge has been closed due to wind at least three times: in 1963, in the late '70s, and in 2008.

On February 7, 2019, the bridge was closed for several hours due to concrete falling from the upper deck to the lower.

On July 21, 2023, the bridge was closed in the eastbound direction for more than 19 hours due to a disturbed person on the bridge; the goal of this closure was to "not cause him to jump off or cause him to fall into the water and also keeping that communication open." The bridge reopened following the man's rescue.

In popular culture and film
The novel Abuse of Power by Michael Savage has several important scenes set on the bridge. In one, the hero Jack Hatfield escapes his enemies by climbing the work ladders built into the piers. In the film Magnum Force, the bridge is in the background when Dirty Harry and the rookie cop are on motorcycles on the ship's decks where they attempt to subdue each other. The bridge is also visible in the 1982 film 48 Hours.

title: Richmond–San Rafael Bridge


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/SIC 2080

SIC 2080 was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was KEEP following a pagemove to List of beverage companies. Rossami 23:37, 1 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Does this article serve any purpose? RickK 05:56, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Someone listed this in cleanup too. Aren't we suppose to wait for cleanup to do its job first? Neutral vote for now. --ssd 06:44, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * For what it's worth, the clean-up has been completed. The original article was ALL CAPITAL LETTERS but that's been fixed. As to the worth of the content, I don't personally see it but I'm not bothered enough by it to vote to delete either. I'll abstain. MK 03:59, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I would say that we ought to wait, except that this is one of those "List" articles that isn't labelled as a list. The usefulness of the term is going to be very, very low.  The people who want a list won't find it, and only someone researching the SEC listings will look for "SIC 2080."  People doing that are almost sure to already have other resources for keeping current on the topic. So, despite how quickly the move to VfD came, I'd say that the article needs to be moved to List of beverage companies, where it can live long and prosper. Geogre 13:01, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I agree with Geogre - this page should be moved. The current page should be changed to a redirect.  Ignignot 14:23, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree to move. After moving, is there hope this can be cleaned up? --ssd 05:56, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: I think so. Clean Up helpers who see an entry for "SIC 2080" may look for the next thing, but those who see "List of beverage companies," I'm going to bet, open the article and start helping.  Probably a very good idea for the first cleaner to set up some kind of internal rationale, though, like (US Beverage Companies) above the current entries.  After all, a "List of" article isn't going to be just American. Geogre 12:44, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)


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This Magazine

This Magazine is an independent alternative Canadian political magazine.

History and profile
The magazine was launched "by a gang of school activists" in April 1966 as This Magazine Is About Schools, a journal covering political issues in the education system.

During its early years, its editorial offices were located near the University of Toronto in space rented from Campus Co-operative Residences Inc., which in the late 1960s spawned the experimental "free university" Rochdale College. The educational philosophy of Rochdale College was influenced by this association, and by several individuals who published in This Magazine, especially Dennis Lee. The name was shortened to simply This Magazine in 1973, and it gradually expanded its focus to include a wide variety of political, arts and cultural writing from a progressive perspective.

This Magazine is one of Canada's longest-publishing alternative journals. Praised for integrating commentary and investigative reporting with in-depth arts coverage, it has been instrumental in trumpeting the new works of young Canadian writers and artists. This Magazine has introduced the early work of some of Canada's most notable writers, critics and artists.

This Magazine is published bimonthly by the Red Maple Foundation, a registered charity, and receives financial support from the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. It is indexed in the Canadian Periodical Index, the Canadian Literary Press Index, Alternative Press Index and the Canadian Magazine Index, and on microfiche and microfilm from University Microfilm, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

The magazine's current editor is Valerie Howes (Interim Editor) and its current publisher is Lisa Whittington-Hill.

Prominent Canadian writers published in This Magazine have included:

• Naomi Klein

• Margaret Atwood

• Dionne Brand

• Tomson Highway

• Evelyn Lau

• Dennis Lee

• Michael Ondaatje

• Rick Salutin

• Stan Persky

• Mel Watkins

• Al Purdy

• Drew Hayden Taylor

• Doug Saunders

• Mark Kingwell

• Sandra Alland

• Linda McQuaig

• Darren Wershler-Henry

• Julie Crysler

• Hal Niedzviecki

• Maggie Helwig

• Leah McLaren

• Marnie Woodrow

• André Alexis

• Stuart Ross

• Phil Hall

• Audra Williams

• J. Kelly Nestruck

• Clive Thompson

• Matthew Hays

title: This Magazine


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Ogrodzieniec

Ogrodzieniec is a town in Zawiercie County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,282 inhabitants (2019). It is noted for the extensive ruins of a medieval castle.

Ogrodzieniec is a part of Lesser Poland. Ogrodzieniec lies among the hills of Lesser Poland Upland, on the outskirts of Zagłębie Dąbrowskie. The town has an area of 28 km2, and is located approximately 400 meters above sea level. In the south and west, Ogrodzieniec is surrounded by forests.

History
The origins of the town date back to the 11th century. It was a forest settlement, with a wooden castle built along the border of Lesser Poland and Silesia. In 1241, during the first Mongol invasion of Poland, the village and the castle were burned, and afterwards, a new, stone castle was built. Ogrodzieniec received its Magdeburg rights town charter in 1386. It was a local trade center, with merchants and artisans, many of them Jewish. Furthermore, enormous forests attracted noble hunters, including Polish kings. In 1346, Ogrodzieniec Roman Catholic parish church was first mentioned. In the mid-16th century, it was turned into a Calvinist prayer house, and remained so until circa 1630, when it was returned to the Catholics. In the first half of the 18th century, a new, stone church was built, but it was not completed until 1787. Ogrodzieniec was a private town of Polish nobility, including the Pilecki, Firlej, Warszycki and Jakliński families, and was administratively located in the Lelów County in the Kraków Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown.

After the Third Partition of Poland, in 1795, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, and included within the newly formed province of New Silesia. In 1807 it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw. After its dissolution, since 1815, it belonged to Russian-controlled Congress Poland. After the unsuccessful Polish January Uprising, Ogrodzieniec, like many other locations of Lesser Poland, lost its town charter (1870). In 1888, Ogrodzieniec had 162 houses (most of them wooden), with app. 1,000 inhabitants. After World War I, in 1918, Poland regained independence and control of Ogrodzieniec. In the Second Polish Republic, Ogrodzieniec belonged to the Kielce Voivodeship.

In September 1939, during the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II, German troops massacred a group of Polish boy scouts from Ogrodzieniec in Tucznawa, and also carried out executions of Poles in Ogrodzieniec (see Nazi crimes against the Polish nation). The town was afterwards occupied by Germany and annexed directly into the Third Reich until 1945. German occupiers planned to change its name into Bonerburg.

After the war, until 1956, Ogrodzieniec belonged to Olkusz County of Kraków Voivodeship, then it was moved to Zawiercie County. Town rights were restored in 1973.

Ogrodzieniec Castle
Due to the existence of the Ogrodzieniec Castle, the town is a popular tourist center, located on the Trail of the Eagles' Nests (note: the castle itself does not administratively belong to the town, it lies in the village of Podzamcze, 2 kilometers east of Ogrodzieniec). The castle was built in the 14th century by the Sulimczyk family. It is located on Góra Zamkowa, the highest hill of the Polish Jura (515 meters above sea level).

First stronghold was built here in the early 12th century, during the reign of Bolesław III Wrymouth. In 1241, during the Mongol invasion of Poland, it was burned and destroyed, and in the mid-14th century, new, stone complex of a mighty Gothic castle was built here. The castle guarded western border of Lesser Poland, and in 1470 it was purchased by the Salomon family, merchants from Kraków. It then changed hands several times, belonging to the Rzeszowskis, Pileckis, Chełmińskis and finally, the Boner family (since 1523). In 1530 - 1545, Seweryn Boner turned the Gothic stronghold into a Renaissance residence. In 1562, Boner's daughter Zofia married Jan Firlej, and the castle, as a dowry, changed hands once more. In 1587, it was captured by Maximilian III, during the War of the Polish Succession. In 1655, it was seized by Swedes (see Deluge). Swedish garrison stayed at the castle for two years, which resulted in its extensive damage. In 1669, the castle was partially restored by its new owner, castellan of Kraków Stanisław Warszycki. In 1695 it was purchased by the Męciński family, and in 1702, once again it was destroyed by Swedish soldiers, during the Great Northern War. After the destruction, the castle remained a ruin, and its subsequent owners could not afford to rebuild the complex. It remained inhabited until circa 1810.

After World War II, the castle was nationalized, and its walls were strengthened in 1949 - 1973, which prevented total collapse of the complex. It now has a status of permanent ruin, and is open to visitors. The castle is popular among film makers; in 1973, some episodes of the TV series Janosik were made here, and in 2001, Andrzej Wajda shot The Revenge here. Furthermore, in 1984 the castle was presented in Iron Maiden’s video Behind the Iron Curtain, in the song "Hallowed Be Thy Name". Also, in the Australia television series Spellbinder, the castle was used as the ruins of the castle of the old Spellbinders.

Twin towns – sister cities
See twin towns of Gmina Ogrodzieniec.

title: Ogrodzieniec


text: Country codes: T

title: Country codes: T


text:
Aventail

An aventail or camail   is a flexible curtain of mail attached to the skull of a helmet that extends to cover at least the neck, but often also the throat and shoulders. Part or all of the face, with spaces to allow vision, could also be covered. Some featured a ventail (a mail flap next to the mouth) which could be folded over the bottom face and vice versa, much in the same manner as a visor.

Early and High Middle Ages
Aventail of chain mail started appearing on Northern European helmets as early as the 6th century, as seen on several Vendel Era helmets, most notably the Valsgärde 8 helmet (580–630 AD) from Uppsala, Sweden, but also the well preserved Coppergate Helmet (ca. 750–800 AD) from York, England. These early appearances varried greatly in configuration, the Valsgärde 8 helmet featuring a aventail which enclosed the entire lower face, throat and neck, versus the Coppergate Helmet, which combines hanging cheek guards with a aventail for the neck (a configuration likely also used on the similar 7th century Anglo-Saxon Pioneer Helmet).

The enclosed Vendel style aventail came to be the most conventional type going forward into the High Middle Ages. Some configurations fixed the frontal aventail to a spectacle visor (upper face mask) like the Vendel 8 helmet or a nasal guard, notably seen on several Rus' and Kievan Rus' high medieval helmets. Other configurations let the aventail hang loose infront of or under the face like a veil, most likely with an inner liner against chafing or padding against blows. A reason to not connect the frontal chain mail to a spectacle visor or nasal guard might have been to allow for a ventail, a flap of mail which allowed the user to open and close the mail over the mouth for added flexibility. Archeological finds of complete aventails from the early medieval period are however sparse and more than often only a few perforated attachment holes remain.

Late Middle Ages
Early aventail were riveted or otherwise fixed directly to the edge of the helmet, however, beginning in the 1320s in Western Europe, a detachable version replaced this type. The detachable aventail was attached to a leather band, which was in turn attached to the lower border of the helmet by a series of pierced rivets, called vervelles. Holes in the leather band were passed over the vervelles, and a waxed cord was passed through the holes in the vervelles to secure it.

Aventails were commonly seen on bascinets in the 14th century and served as a replacement for a complete mail hood (coif). Some aventails were decorated with edging in brass or bronze links (sometimes gilded), or with a zig-zag lower edge (vandyked). By the mid 14th century, the aventail had replaced the mail coif completely. By the dawn of the 15th century, the plate armored neck guard of the Great Bascinet replaced the aventail.

title: Aventail


text: Category:Types of liqueurs

title: Category:Types of liqueurs


text:
Barbut

Barbut is a surname, and may refer to:

 * Cristian Bărbuț (born 1995), Romanian footballer
 * James Barbut (fl. 1776–1791), English painter and naturalist
 * Monique Barbut (born 1956), French public servant

title: Barbut


text:
User talk:Alanc

Hello, welcome to Wikipedia. I would like to thank you for your corrections and updates to several articles. As a new member of Wikipedia, you might like to start by reading the tutorial and introducing yourself at the new users page. Two useful tips are that you can sign your name using four tildes ( ~ ) and you can practice editing by using the Sandbox. You can regularly find new tips on the Community Portal. I look forward to reading your great articles and I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian. If you have any questions, you can ask at the help desk or on my talk page. :-) SWAdair | Talk 06:12, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

X Window System
Nice one! - David Gerard 08:45, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

WP meetup
-- phoebe/ (talk) 05:16, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Wikipedia Club at Berkeley
Hi Alanc, I'm just writing to let you know that me and some Wikipedian friends are launching Wikipedia Club at Berkeley, a student club for promoting participation in Wikipedia and face-to-face collaborations. If you're still living in the Bay Area and that sounds fun to you, please consider joining our mailing list. You don't have to be at student to attend events. Thanks! Dcoetzee 00:25, 26 February 2011 (UTC)

Women's history editathon
Hey - Sorry for the late notice, but since you have yourself tagged as living in the Bay Area, I thought you might appreciate notification that we’re having an event Saturday! It’ll be held at Hoyt Hall, an all-women's house of the Berkeley Student Cooperative from 3 to 6 pm tomorrow. The main event page is here. Anyone is welcome to show up, but we’re expecting a significant number of people to come who have literally never edited Wikipedia before. If you’re an experienced Wikipedian who would be able to provide useful help to some of the newbies, your presence would be especially appreciated (and it might be a good idea for you to show up at 2 or 2:30 instead of three. Thanks, Kevin Gorman (talk) 01:59, 6 April 2013 (UTC) I’m AWB’ing this message to all Wikipedians who have tagged themselves in the bay area.  I’m sorry if the message isn’t of interest to you; feel free to delete it.   I’ll be unlikely to send future messages in a similar way, but if really don’t want to receive future messages of this sort, please let me know.

title: User talk:Alanc


text:
Dead zone

Dead zone may refer to:

Science and technology

 * Dead zone (cell phone), an area where cell phones cannot transmit to a nearby cell site
 * Dead zone (ecology), low-oxygen areas in the world's oceans
 * Dead band, the region of insensitivity of a system

Games

 * Dead Zone (video game), a video game produced by SunSoft
 * Dead zone (video gaming), term for a region of the screen in video gaming
 * Deadzone (Skirmish Game), by Mantic Games

Literature

 * The Dead Zone (novel), a novel by Stephen King

Film

 * The Dead Zone (film), a film based on the Stephen King novel starring Christopher Walken
 * Dragon Ball Z: Dead Zone, the first of thirteen Dragon Ball Z films
 * Whisper of Dead Zone, the translated English title of the 2012 Turkish film Ölü Bölgeden Fısıltılar.

Television

 * The Dead Zone (TV series), a television series based on the Stephen King novel, starring Anthony Michael Hall

Sports

 * Dead zone (gridiron football), a technical term in American and Canadian football

Other uses

 * Death zone, high altitudes where the amount of oxygen is insufficient to sustain human life
 * Dead zone (military), a blind spot in a fortification's field of fire which is relatively sheltered from defensive fire.

title: Dead zone


text:
Piece of Mind

Piece of Mind is the fourth studio album by English heavy metal band Iron Maiden. It was released on 16 May 1983 in the United Kingdom by EMI Records and in the United States by Capitol Records. It was the first album to feature drummer Nicko McBrain, who had recently left the band Trust and has been Iron Maiden's drummer ever since.

Piece of Mind was mostly a critical and commercial success, reaching number three on the UK Albums Chart and achieving platinum certification in the UK and North America.

Background
In December 1982, drummer Clive Burr ended his association with the band due to personal and tour schedule problems and was replaced by Nicko McBrain, previously of French band Trust, as well as Pat Travers and Streetwalkers. Soon afterwards, the band went to Jersey to compose the songs, taking over the hotel Le Chalet (as it was out of season) and rehearsing in its restaurant. In February, the band journeyed for the first time to the Bahamas to record the album at Nassau's Compass Point Studios. Recordings were finished in March, and the album was later mixed at Electric Lady Studios in New York City.

This is the first of four Iron Maiden albums that were not named after a song featured on the album itself (though the lyrics in the song "Still Life" contain the expression "peace of mind"). Originally, the release's working title was Food for Thought—once the band had decided that Eddie would be lobotomised on the front cover—until the band came up with the title Piece of Mind in a pub in Jersey during the album's writing stage.

Included in the liner notes is a slightly altered version of a passage from the Book of Revelation, which reads,

"And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more Death. Neither sorrow, nor crying. Neither shall there be any more brain; for the former things are passed away."

The actual text (from Chapter 21, Verse 4) is nearly identical, except that it reads, "neither shall there be any more pain" rather than "brain", which was added as a pun on the album's title.

In a lower corner on the back side of the album cover, there is this message: "No synthesizers or ulterior motives".

Composition
Lyrically, the album largely reflects the group's literary interests, such as "To Tame a Land", inspired by Frank Herbert's 1965 science fiction novel Dune; "Sun and Steel", based on the life of samurai Miyamoto Musashi and its title taken from Yukio Mishima's 1968 essay Sun and Steel; "Still Life", influenced by Ramsey Campbell's 1964 short story "The Inhabitant of the Lake", and "The Trooper", inspired by Alfred, Lord Tennyson's "The Charge of the Light Brigade" (1854). Film influences are also present, such as "Where Eagles Dare", based on the Brian G. Hutton 1968 film of the same title, scripted by Alistair MacLean, and "Quest for Fire", based on the 1981 film by Jean-Jacques Annaud. On top of this, "Revelations", written by Dickinson, includes lines from G. K. Chesterton's hymn "O God of Earth and Altar", while the remainder of the song is influenced by Aleister Crowley. More exotic influences include Greek mythology, albeit slightly altered, for "Flight of Icarus". "To Tame a Land" was meant to be entitled "Dune" after the novel, but after seeking permission from Frank Herbert's agents, the band received a message which stated, "Frank Herbert doesn't like rock bands, particularly heavy rock bands, and especially bands like Iron Maiden" and were forced to change the name.

Hidden message
At the beginning of the sixth track, "Still Life", the band included a hidden message which could only be understood by playing the song backwards. This was a joke and an intended swing back at the critics who had accused Iron Maiden of being Satanic. The backwards-message consists of drummer Nicko McBrain mimicking actor John Bird's impression of Idi Amin, uttering the following phrase "What ho said the t'ing with the three 'bonce', don't meddle with things you don't understand...", followed by a belch. The phrase itself is taken from the satirical album The Collected Broadcasts of Idi Amin (1975) by Bird and Alan Coren. "What ho" and "What ho said the t'ing" are phrases that also crop up regularly on McBrain's "Listen With Nicko!" tracks from The First Ten Years collection.

According to McBrain, "We were sick and tired of being labelled as Devil worshippers and all this bollocks by these fucking morons in the States, so we thought, 'Right, you want to take the piss? We'll show you how to take the bleeding piss, my son!' And one of the boys taped me in the middle of this Idi Amin routine I used to do when I'd had a few drinks. I remember it distinctly ended with the words, 'Don't meddle wid t'ings yo don't understand.' We thought, if people were going to be stupid about this sort of thing, we might as well give them something to be really stupid about, you know?"

Release and reception
Preceded by the single "Flight of Icarus" on 28 April, Piece of Mind was released on 16 May 1983. It peaked at No. 3 in the UK and spent eighteen weeks on the chart.

In North America, the album became the band's highest charting thus far, peaking at No.14 in the Billboard 200. By July, Piece of Mind was certified gold by the RIAA, rising up to platinum status in 1986. In 1995, the album achieved platinum status in the UK.

In 1983, Kerrang! published a poll of the greatest metal albums of all time, with Piece of Mind ranking No.1 and The Number of the Beast at No.2. Reviews were mostly positive, with Sputnikmusic hailing it "easily an album that belongs in your collection" (although they argue that "the likes of Powerslave [1984], Somewhere in Time [1986], and Brave New World [2000] would overtake it" ). AllMusic described it as "essential for anyone with even the most basic interest in heavy metal", although "the second half dips a bit from the first". In a mixed review from Rolling Stone, "Both Piece of Mind and Powerslave proceed in kind, albeit with diminished melodic interest..."

It was ranked No. 21 on IGN's list of the top 25 metal albums in 2007.

Tour
The UK leg of the World Piece Tour opened at Hull City Hall on 2 May. Subsequent legs in Europe, the US, followed by a second European tour were later carried out before the tour concluded on 18 December with a televised performance at Westfalenhalle in Dortmund. A total of 139 shows were performed throughout the tour.

The tour was supported by Grand Prix in the UK, Rock Goddess during the first European leg, Saxon, Fastway, Coney Hatch, Quiet Riot and Axe in the US, and by the Michael Schenker Group during the second European leg. Local Dutch band Vandale also supported the band during their show in Kerkrade.

Cover versions
In 2010, Maiden uniteD, featuring lead singer Damian Wilson, released an all-acoustic reinterpretation of the album entitled Mind the Acoustic Pieces.

Two songs were covered for the 2008 tribute album Maiden Heaven: A Tribute to Iron Maiden: "The Trooper" by Coheed and Cambria and "To Tame a Land" by Dream Theater. The latter was also included in the special edition of Dream Theater's 2009 album Black Clouds & Silver Linings.

"The Trooper" has been covered by Finnish doom/death metal band Sentenced on their 1994 EP The Trooper, the American heavy metal band Iced Earth on the "tour edition" of their 2011 album, Dystopia, the death metal band Vital Remains on the 1998 tribute album A Call to Irons, Christian metal band Stryper on the album The Covering in 2011, and Swedish lounge act Hellsongs on their 2008 album, Hymns in the Key of 666.

"Where Eagles Dare" has been covered by Fozzy on their second album, Happenstance, in 2002. Fozzy have also covered "The Prisoner" (from The Number of the Beast) on their debut, Fozzy. The song was also covered by Faroese viking metal band Týr on their 2013 album Valkyrja, and Deliverance on their 2013 album Hear What I Say!.

Track listing

 * Initial pressings of the album had "To Tame a Land" erroneously listed as "Dune", its original title.
 * The first North American picture disc edition includes "Cross-Eyed Mary" as a bonus track on side one.
 * The first Japanese CD pressing from 1986 has the hidden message preceding "Still Life" included as a separate track listed as "Phatoor".

Personnel
Production and performance credits are adapted from the album liner notes.

Iron Maiden

 * Bruce Dickinson – vocals
 * Dave Murray – guitars
 * Adrian Smith – guitars
 * Steve Harris – bass
 * Nicko McBrain – drums

Production

 * Martin "Black Night" Birch – producer, engineer, mixing
 * Frank Gibson – assistant engineer
 * Denis Haliburton – assistant engineer
 * Bruce Buchhalter – assistant mixing engineer
 * Derek Riggs – sleeve illustration, sleeve design, sleeve concept
 * Simon Fowler – photography
 * Keith Peacock – art continuation
 * Rod Smallwood – management, sleeve design, sleeve concept
 * Andy Taylor – management
 * George Marino at Sterling Sound - Original US LP mastering
 * Utopia Studios, London UK - Original UK LP mastering
 * Simon Heyworth – remastering (1998 edition)
 * Ross Halfin – photography (1998 edition)
 * Robert Ellis – photography (1998 edition)

title: Piece of Mind


text:
Bunkyo University Women's College

Bunkyo University Women's College (文教大学女子短期大学部) was a private junior college in Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. It was established in 1953. In 1985 this Campus was moved to Chigasaki, Kanagawa from Shinagawa, Tokyo.This college was abolished in 2011.

Academic departments

 * Academic departments of Food nurtrution

title: Bunkyo University Women's College


text:
Occupation Double

Occupation Double (sometimes referenced as OD) is a Canadian French language reality show which first aired in 2003. It is broadcast on V, following a decade during which it was broadcast on TVA. As of 2023, the hosts of the show are former contestant Frédéric Robichaud and partner, singer Alicia Moffet. The show was previously hosted by Jay Du Temple.

The sixth edition of Occupation Double premiered on September 27, 2009. For the first time, the entirety of the show took place in a foreign country, the Dominican Republic. The seventh season took place in Whistler, British Columbia; the eighth, in Portugal; the ninth, in the United States; the tenth, in Spain and French Polynesia; the eleventh, in Indonesia; the twelfth, in Greece; and the thirteenth, in South Africa. In 2020, it was announced that the show would be filmed in Quebec due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec in a season entitled, "OD: Chez Nous".

title: Occupation Double


text:
Talk:Aventail

From VfD:
Dictdefs. RickK 06:22, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC) As for the "Aventail," remove and append with Visor_%28armor%29. — Blade Hirato 09:06, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * wictionary or merge unless expanded. --ssd 06:45, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki to Wiktionary. These are specialist terms, and they may not have them there. Geogre 12:45, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Both were nominated for deletion within minutes of their creation. Give these stubs a chance to grow. Unlike many of our articles, these are real things. The very fact that we still have names for them supports their claim to historical significance. Rossami 16:19, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Note first that we not "still have a name" for "ahlspiess". It is not an English word, it is not in the OED, and the article itself says that the English term is "awl pike". Note also that the presence of the other word in certain dictionaries does not attest to the term's historical significance, for it is not in modern use and is not in dictionaries of modern terms. The OED's latest quotation, for instance, is from 1842. Unless these articles can be expanded to be numerous paragraphs, they belong in a more general article about medieval weaponry. As it stands, these articles currently have no information that indicates why these are anything unique. Note also that Webster 1913 and the OED define "aventail" as "the movable front or mouthpiece of a helmet", which is not what the article currently states (it looks like the present definition is from Wordnet, which is--as often is the case--false). So, in conclusion, the "aventail" article is entirely false information and the "ahlspiess" article should instead be in "awl" or "awl pike". Ultimately, however, unless these articles are expanded into articles of several paragraphs, this information that should go in these articles belongs entirely in articles on "medieval armor", "chain mail", or whatever. - Centrx 18:45, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I learned of the weapon as "ahlspiess" first and always assumed that was the common name but I would not object to a pagemove to awl pike. I'd also be okay with your suggestion to merge and redirect into a more general article about medieval weaponry.  Do you have a suggestion? Rossami
 * Ahlspiess is the common name; based on old texts and still supported by new RPGs (FFXI, SS2), Awl Pike is an alternative, and in itself an alternate. As for a conjoined page, I see not a reason for the weapon category already suits this and there's very few unique weapons to ever have to merge them by eras.

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Aventail


text:
Ahlspiess

The ahlspiess (or awl pike) was a thrusting spear developed and used primarily in Germany and Austria from the 15th to 16th centuries. The ahlspiess consisted of a long thin spike of square cross section measuring up to about a metre (39 inches) in length, mounted on a round wooden shaft and sometimes secured with a pair of langets extending from the socket. The length of the shaft ranged from 1.6 to 1.8 m. (5 - 6 feet), and located at the base of the spike was a rondel guard (a circular metal plate) to protect the hands. Large numbers of these weapons have survived and are kept in the arsenal and museums of Vienna as well as the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Some ahlspiesse have thicker spikes which are round and much shorter than the usual form. These are seen in 14th-century illustrations, suggesting that they may have been the precursors of the longer type which came later. These shorter forms are also known by the Italian term candeliere, which refers to a round candlestick of the period that had in the center a small pricket or spike that held the candle in place. An excavated and partially restored candeliere is present in the collection of the castle of Grandson in Switzerland. There were also forms of the ahlspiess which lacked a rondel guard and these were known as "breach pikes".

The ahlspiess is depicted in numerous pieces of renaissance art, including a scene from the Très Belles Heures, a French religious Book of Hours of around 1400. Another is portrayed in a woodcut from the Nuremberg Chronicle of 1493, depicting the Red Sea drowning Pharaoh's army, which is shown carrying a variety of staff weapons including halberds, flails and military forks as well as an ahlspiess. A third is from the emperor Maximilian's book Der Weisskunig of the early 16th century in an illustration entitled "The Battle Against the Blue Company" and is shown being carried by a Swiss soldier.

The ahlspiess was used in other countries as well, including England, and was a popular weapon along with the pollaxe in tournament foot combat among armoured knights.

title: Ahlspiess