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Adam Goldberg

Adam Goldberg (born October 25, 1970) is an American actor. Known for his supporting roles in film and television, Goldberg has appeared in films such as Dazed and Confused, Saving Private Ryan, A Beautiful Mind, and Zodiac. He has also played leading roles in independent films such as The Hebrew Hammer and 2 Days in Paris. His TV appearances include the shows  Law & Order: Criminal Intent,  My Name Is Earl, Friends, Entourage, The Jim Gaffigan Show, The Unusuals, and his role as hitman Grady Numbers in the first season of Fargo. Since 2021 he has starred opposite Queen Latifah on CBS' The Equalizer.

Early life
Goldberg is the son of Donna Gable, a psychologist, and Earl Goldberg, a former owner of Goldberg and Solovy Foods, a wholesale food business. His father is Jewish, while his mother is a non-practicing Catholic of German, French, Irish, and a "bit of Mexican" descent.

Film
Goldberg's first major screen role was in the Billy Crystal film Mr. Saturday Night (1992). His second major screen role was as Mike Newhouse in Richard Linklater's film Dazed and Confused (1993). His career-making role was arguably that of the tough, wise-cracking infantryman Stanley Mellish in Steven Spielberg's 1998 film Saving Private Ryan. While he played lead characters in The Hebrew Hammer, 2 Days in Paris, and (Untitled), Goldberg is mostly known for his character work in film and television.

Notable roles include Jerry, the undead servant to Christopher Walken's Angel Gabriel in the supernatural thriller The Prophecy; Sol in A Beautiful Mind, opposite Russell Crowe; and Denny in Déjà Vu, opposite Denzel Washington. Goldberg has also voice acted in Babe: Pig in the City, Homeward Bound II, and A Monster in Paris.

Goldberg appeared extensively in the Flaming Lips documentary The Fearless Freaks, and had a supporting role in Christmas on Mars, a science fiction film written and directed by Flaming Lips frontman Wayne Coyne. In 1999, he appeared in the Sixpence None The Richer music video "There She Goes".

Goldberg wrote, produced, directed, and edited the features Scotch and Milk, I Love Your Work, and No Way Jose as well as multiple television projects, notably including the philosophical travelogue Running with the Bulls for IFC.

Television
In 1995, Goldberg appeared in a signature wise-cracking role as delivery boy Leo in the television comedy Double Rush. Goldberg then appeared in a three-episode arc in the second season of Friends (1996) as Chandler's crazy roommate Eddie. He appeared some years later in a nine-episode arc in season two of the Friends spinoff show Joey as Jimmy, Joey Tribbiani's best friend from high school. He also appeared as a main character in the short-lived 2005 Fox series Head Cases.

In 1997, he received an exclusive series development deal with ABC.

Goldberg appeared in the short-lived ensemble cop show The Unusuals, playing a New York City detective with brain cancer who refuses treatment because of his dislike of doctors. His character was stated as being "sarcastic" and Goldberg had been described as "one of the better reasons to watch." He subsequently appeared in the short-lived ensemble cop show NYC 22.

In 2014, portrayed Mr. Numbers, one half of the hit man team in the first season of FX's Fargo. This was the second time working with creator Noah Hawley, who had cast Goldberg in 2009's The Unusuals. He had to learn American Sign Language for the role and began production just a few days after wrapping principal photography on his feature, No Way Jose. While shooting Fargo, Goldberg was also editing his feature and much of it was assembled in his hotel room in Calgary.

Goldberg played the role of Dave Marks, a struggling comedian and Jim Gaffigan's best friend, for two seasons on the TV Land sitcom The Jim Gaffigan Show. He shot the pilot during a week off from production on Fargo.

In 2017, Goldberg joined the cast of NBC's Taken as a regular cast member during the show's second season. He portrayed Kilroy, an accomplished computer hacker.

In 2019, Goldberg had a supporting role in the cast of CBS's God Friended Me as technical entrepreneur, Simon Hayes.

In 2020, Goldberg began production on CBS' The Equalizer, a reboot of the original. He played another hacker, this time opposite Queen Latifah.

Other ventures
A multi-instrumentalist and songwriter, Goldberg composed and arranged the music to the film I Love Your Work with Steven Drozd of The Flaming Lips as well as scoring his most recent feature, No Way Jose, and IFC's Running with the Bulls. He also provided a song for the Hebrew Hammer soundtrack.

Goldberg released his first album, Eros and Omissions, under the LANDy moniker. It was released on June 23, 2009. Flaming Lips drummer Steven Drozd, with whom Goldberg collaborated on the score for I Love Your Work, performed on the record as well as members of the band The Black Pine. Earlimart's Aaron Espinoza is credited as having done the final mix as well as having engineered many of the more recent songs. Goldberg has since changed his musical moniker to The Goldberg Sisters, under which he has made three albums, the last two of which he played every instrument save for strings (provided by his wife Roxanne Daner and musician Merritt Lear) and horns (provided by his engineer and co-producer Andrew Lynch).

On June 7, 2011, Goldberg assembled a live band to perform The Goldberg Sisters single "Shush" on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson.

Goldberg is also a photographer, shooting primarily on film and expired Polaroid. His first book was co-published by Hat and Beard Press and contained a limited vinyl version of The Goldberg Sisters' Home: A Nice Place to Visit. Subsequent exhibitions of photography from the book also included live performances of Goldberg Sisters songs by Goldberg and Lynch, utilizing several loop and effects pedals. An early adopter of the now-defunct Vine app, Goldberg was known for incorporating many analog film elements into his six-second "films." He was hired to do forty films for the French cellular company Orange during the 2013 Cannes Film Festival, during which he made a six-second Vine based on each film entered in competition. He is an avid Instagram user; his account consists of much of his photography while also hosting a cinematic narrative of his family life.

Personal life
Goldberg has had three children with his wife, artist and designer Roxanne Daner. Their first child together, a son, was stillborn. The couple openly talks about the experience. Their next son was born shortly after, in November 2014. Goldberg and Daner married on Halloween in 2014. They had another son in September 2018.

title: Adam Goldberg


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Wikipedia talk:Multilingual monthly statistics

Are these numbers suppose to be articles or edits or users or what? --24.172.195.239 15:03, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

Could there be a number field to say how many wikis there are? also, this one lists 100 while the active languages on meta list 99. -- Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason   15:04, 2004 Jul 29 (UTC)

 * I'll have to look into that. I haven't been following the Meta data (I wasn't aware of it), but have been keeping sharp eye open for new language wikis that become active, adding them to the list as required.  There is a link on the main page to the complete list of wikis; at semi-regular intervals I look through to see which new languages have started to function.  It's not 100 percent foolproof - I found a number of wikis that had not been bolder, which should have been.  I've corrected those that I know about - but there are probably others.

 * As for numbering the wikis, I'm not against the idea, but would find it a bit of a pain to renumber them all every time a new wiki goes online (several times a month, at the present rate). Besides, I tried to design the table to fit the screen, with twelve monthly columns.  An extra field would probably make the table too wide - but there may be ways around that.  We'll see.

 * A couple of new languages will probably be added to the list this week. I see that someone has resurrected the Serbo-Croat wikipedia (which was supposed to be disbanded when divided into its Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian components), so that will have to be added to the table, along with a couple of others. David Cannon 21:44, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Not really a number field, it could also be a number at the top, i downloaded the whole thing before and grep-ed through it to get the number of languages. -- Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason   02:03, 2004 Jul 30 (UTC)

 * You grep-ed it? What's that?  Forgive my ignorance, but I'd like to know what that means.  It sounds like an excellent idea, at any rate. David Cannon 11:30, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

November 1st stats
I downloaded the stats for 1 November yesterday, and I have been formatting them off-line. They will be uploaded when I get home from work tonight - so please don't worry:-) David Cannon 00:35, 2 Nov 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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User talk:Nikdo

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Image:SubEthaEditExtremeProgramming.png
This image cannot be PD, it's of copyrighted software. The tag should be :

screenshot

« alerante ✆ ✉ » 13:43, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Nikdo


text:
On'yomi

On'yomi (音読み), or the Sino-Japanese reading, is the reading of a kanji based on the historical Chinese pronunciation of the character. A single kanji might have multiple on'yomi pronunciations reflecting the Chinese pronunciations of different periods or regions. On'yomi are generally classified into Go-on, Kan-on, Tō-on and kan'yō-on.

It was often previously referred to as translation reading, as it was recreated readings of the Chinese pronunciation but was not the Chinese pronunciation or reading itself, similar to the English pronunciation of Latin loanwords. Old Japanese scripts often stated that on'yomi readings were also created by the Japanese during their arrival and re-borrowed by the Chinese as their own.

Some kanji were introduced from different parts of China at different times, and so have multiple on'yomi, and often multiple meanings.

Usage
On'yomi primarily occur in multi-kanji compound words (熟語), many of which are the result of the adoption, along with the kanji themselves, of Chinese words for concepts that either did not exist in Japanese or could not be articulated as elegantly using native words. This borrowing process is often compared to the English borrowings from Latin, Greek, and Norman French, since Chinese-borrowed terms are often more specialized, or considered to sound more erudite or formal, than their native counterparts (occupying a higher linguistic register). The major exception to this rule is family names, in which the native kun'yomi are usually used (though on'yomi are found in many personal names, especially men's names).

Kanji invented in Japan (kokuji) would not normally be expected to have on'yomi, but there are exceptions, such as the character 働 "to work", which has the kun'yomi "hatara(ku)" and the on'yomi "dō", and 腺 "gland", which has only the on'yomi "sen"—in both cases these come from the on'yomi of the phonetic component, respectively 動 "dō" and 泉 "sen".

Characteristics
In Chinese, most characters are associated with a single Chinese sound, though there are distinct literary and colloquial readings. However, some homographs (多音字) such as 行 (Mandarin: háng or xíng, Japanese: an, gō, gyō) have more than one reading in Chinese representing different meanings, which is reflected in the carryover to Japanese as well. Additionally, many Chinese syllables, especially those with an entering tone, did not fit the largely consonant-vowel (CV) phonotactics of classical Japanese. Thus most on'yomi are composed of two morae (beats), the second of which is either a lengthening of the vowel in the first mora (to ei, ō, or ū), the vowel i, or one of the syllables ku, ki, tsu, chi, fu (historically, later merged into ō and ū), or moraic n, chosen for their approximation to the final consonants of Middle Chinese. It may be that palatalized consonants before vowels other than i developed in Japanese as a result of Chinese borrowings, as they are virtually unknown in words of native Japanese origin, but are common in Chinese.

Classification
Generally, on'yomi are classified into four types according to their region and time of origin:
 * Go-on (呉音) readings derive from the pronunciation used in the Northern and Southern dynasties of China during the 5th and 6th centuries, primarily from the speech of the capital Jiankang (today's Nanjing). They are related to Wu Chinese and the Shanghainese language.
 * Kan-on (漢音) readings come from the pronunciation utilized during the Tang dynasty of China in the 7th to 9th centuries, primarily from the standard speech of the capital, Chang'an (modern Xi'an). Here, Kan refers to Han Chinese people or China proper.
 * Tō-on (唐音) readings are based on the pronunciations of later dynasties of China, such as the Song and Ming. They cover all readings adopted from the Heian era to the Edo period. This is also known as Tōsō-on (唐宋音).
 * Kan'yō-on (慣用音) readings, which are mistaken or changed readings of the kanji that have become accepted into the Japanese language. In some cases, they are the actual readings that accompanied the character's introduction to Japan but do not match how the character "should" (is prescribed to) be read according to the rules of character construction and pronunciation.

The most common form of readings is the kan-on one, and use of a non-kan-on reading in a word where the kan-on reading is well known is a common cause of reading mistakes or difficulty, such as in ge-doku (解毒) (go-on), where 解 is usually instead read as kai. The go-on readings are especially common in Buddhist terminology such as gokuraku (極楽), as well as in some of the earliest loans, such as the Sino-Japanese numbers. The tō-on readings occur in some later words, such as isu (椅子), futon (布団), and andon (行灯). The go-on, kan-on, and tō-on readings are generally cognate (with rare exceptions of homographs; see below), having a common origin in Old Chinese, and hence form linguistic doublets or triplets, but they can differ significantly from each other and from modern Chinese pronunciation.

title: On'yomi


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Glamaig

Glamaig (Glàmaig) is the northernmost of the Red Hills on the Isle of Skye in Scotland. It lies immediately east of Sligachan. It is one of only two Corbetts on Skye.

From many angles the hill resembles a perfect cone of scree, though it is linked to the rest of the Red Hills by way of a bealach, the Bealach na Sgàirde (Pass of the Scree).

In 1889, a Gurkha named Harkabir Tharpa scaled Glamaig in 37 minutes; his total time for the round trip, starting and finishing at sea level in the bar of the Sligachan Inn was 55 minutes. Legend has it that he ran it in bare feet, and his record stood until the 1980s, despite being attempted by Olympians such as Chris Brasher in the 1950s.

From Sligachan one route of ascent (whether running or hillwalking) is simply to head up the scree aiming for the summit - this climb is very arduous, due to the unrelenting gradient and the slipperiness of the scree. Descent may be made by way of ascent; alternatively one may continue along the Red Cuillin ridge to take in other peaks to the south.

A slightly less arduous (but longer) climb approaches the mountain from its eastern end at Sconser. Climb first to the secondary summit, An Coileach (The Cockerel), then follow the whaleback ridge to the primary summit, Sgurr Mhàiri (Mary's Peak). Once An Coileach is reached at 673 m, the more-or-less level ridge allows some respite from the gradient, with a gentler ascent of the final 102 m to Sgurr Mhàiri.

From the summit there are excellent views of both the Black Cuillin and the Isle of Raasay.

Glamaig Hill Race
Glamaig has been the site of an annual hill race since the 1980s. It begins and finishes at the Sligachan Hotel. While in distance terms a relatively short Category S race covering a distance of 7 km, with 775m of ascent it falls into a Category A climb, and is one of the more challenging races on the Scottish circuit.

title: Glamaig


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Satyricon (Meat Beat Manifesto album)

Satyricon is the fourth studio album by British electronic music group Meat Beat Manifesto.

Track listing

 * 1) "Pot Sounds" – 2:06
 * 2) "Mindstream" – 4:52
 * 3) "Drop" – 4:07
 * 4) "Original Control (Version 1)" – 5:02
 * 5) "Your Mind Belongs to the State" – 5:02
 * 6) "Circles" – 4:15
 * 7) "The Sphere" – 0:39
 * 8) "Brainwashed This Way/Zombie/That Shirt" – 5:31
 * 9) "Original Control (Version 2)" – 5:22
 * 10) "Euthanasia" – 4:33
 * 11) "Edge of No Control, Pt. 1" – 5:59
 * 12) "Edge of No Control, Pt. 2" – 3:15
 * 13) "Untold Stories" – 1:52
 * 14) "Son of Sam" – 4:49
 * 15) "Track 15" – 1:27
 * 16) "Placebo" – 5:04

Samples
Several of the dialogue samples used on Satyricon come from the 1974 John Carpenter film Dark Star, specifically:
 * "Drop" samples the scene in which Bomb #20 refuses to detach from the bomb bay doors.
 * "Track 15" includes a clip from the end of the film when Talby enters the Phoenix asteroid cluster, saying, "I'm beginning to glow."
 * "Original Control (Version 1)" has a sample from the dinner discussion between Pinback and Doolittle: "Do you think we'll ever find any intelligent life out there?" ... "Who cares?"

Other samples found on the album include:

 * "We have come to visit you in peace and with goodwill", from the film The Day the Earth Stood Still, in"Pot Sounds".
 * "He must answers questions that cannot yet be...", from the film The Illustrated Man, in "Placebo".
 * Interview samples from the Monkees' film Head and the James Toback documentary The Big Bang, in "Your Mind Belongs to the State".
 * "I am Elektro", a sample from Elektro the robot, first seen at the 1939 New York World's Fair, in "Original Control (Version 2)".
 * "Brainwashed This Way/Zombie/That Shirt" contains dialog from David Cronenberg's 1983 movie Videodrome.

title: Satyricon (Meat Beat Manifesto album)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/99%

On 29 July 2004, 99% was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was a split decision. (8 deletes to 8 keeps by my count) Failing to reach a clear consensus to delete, the article is kept for now. Rossami 23:58, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Article for non-important sophomore album for Meat Beat Manifesto, a somewhat obscure band (and I'm a fan of MBM). Includes nothing but a track listing, which I could get on the album jacket. --Terrapin 15:13, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Keep - There's nothing wrong with having albums on WP. The page is a stub is all. And what about those who don't have the album (and might be looking to get it); they don't have an album jacket to look at. :) TPK 15:32, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. No encyclopedic relevance. -- Stevietheman 15:49, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. WP has dozens, if not hundreds, of similar stubs about albums, many from less prolific bands (MBM=9 or 10 albums, per allmusic.com), with shorter histories (MBM=15 years). Heck, we've got people adding articles for every song on every album for some bands (for what it's worth, I'd vote to delete almost all of those--the list of songs I'd consider encyclopedic is pretty short). Niteowlneils 16:12, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd also vote to delete all those examples. I don't feel that a bad precedence is an acceptable rationale to keep this article. -- Stevietheman 16:37, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Entirely agreed w/ Stevietheman. -- Wile E. Heresiarch 19:48, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Look, precedent isn't validity.  Inclusion criteria are, most importantly, notability, and many albums are not notable.  An article on Let It Bleed is different from one on Tattoo You, because one is a landmark record, and the other is a cruise control contractual obligation. Geogre 16:28, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Agree with above. I'm not against albums persay, but ONE article for EVERY album by EVERY band?!  C'mon. This poster alone now has 3 other albums for the same band, in the same manner. There must be a cut-off somewhere, and I say it's non-notable albums that aren't culturally important.  If this poster wanted to have a single article named "MBM - Albums" and put them ALL under it, then link the bands page to that, that might be useful, but a SEPARATE article for each?!  What's the point? --Terrapin 18:55, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Arevich 19:04, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not notable. Wile E. Heresiarch 19:48, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Gamaliel 01:57, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - not an article. -- Cyrius|✎ 06:10, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, although merging into an article on all their albums might be better if none of them have sold particularly well. These attempts to delete album articles could create a dangerous precedent. Everyking 11:59, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. The Wikipedia is not a CD catalog.  Albums should go in their bands'   sections unless they are exceptionally notable.  Next thing you know, people will be adding scans of CD covers, or even OGG files for every song.  --Ardonik 04:56, Jul 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Someone might search for a song on an album. Thats one reason to keep album entries. bbx 01:45, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * If the song (or its album) is notable, fine, but if not, people will be better off using AllTheWeb or Google. For instance, I consider Manowar's "Masters of the Wind" to be one of their best songs, but I don't expect to find it in a Wikipedia search.  There are simply too many albums out there.  I say that we should err on the side of discography unless notability tells us otherwise.  --Ardonik 02:32, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * What if they don't know it's a song before they search for it? As years go by i think fans will add more information on the many now quite stubby album articles, something they might never do if the article don't exist, the step from editing an already existing article is a lot shorter than writing a new article from the beginning. Remember, wiki is not paper. bbx 03:24, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep; Wikipedia is not paper. -Sean Curtin 05:37, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, so long as there is an article on the artist, there's no problem with having an article on that artist's every album. If the artist is non-important, then by definition, their albums most likely would not be, but there's no problem with having an album article if the artist is considered worthy.  RickK 06:11, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * If the band is notable enough then add this listing (and any others to a discography section on the bands page, then delete the seperate album pages or make them redirects to the main band. I see no point in having information like this span multiple pages when in all honesty it is more convenient to read for someone interested in the band from one page. -- Hackerjack 15:40, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. And btw I disagree w/RickK. Not every album made by a notable band is noteworthy Salasks 21:21, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/99%


text:
Dutch book theorems

In decision theory, economics, and probability theory, the Dutch book arguments or coherence theorems are a set of results showing that agents must satisfy the axioms of rational choice to avoid a kind of self-contradiction called a Dutch book. A Dutch book is a set of bets that ensures a guaranteed loss, i.e. the gambler will lose money no matter what happens. A set of beliefs is called coherent if it cannot result in a Dutch book.

The Dutch book arguments is used to explore degrees of certainty in beliefs, and demonstrate that rational agents must be Bayesian; in other words, rationality requires assigning probabilities to events that behave according to the axioms of probability, and having preferences that can be modeled using the von Neumann–Morgenstern axioms.

In economics, is used to model behavior by ruling out situations where agents "burn money" for no real reward; models based on these assumptions are called rational choice models. These assumptions are weakened in behavioral models of decision-making.

The thought experiment was first proposed by the Italian probabilist Bruno de Finetti in order to justify Bayesian probability, and was more thoroughly explored by Leonard Savage, who developed them into a full model of rational choice.

Operational subjective probabilities as wagering odds
One must set the price of a promise to pay $1 if John Smith wins tomorrow's election, and $0 otherwise. One knows that one's opponent will be able to choose either to buy such a promise from one at the price one has set, or require one to buy such a promise from them, still at the same price. In other words: Player A sets the odds, but Player B decides which side of the bet to take. The price one sets is the "operational subjective probability" that one assigns to the proposition on which one is betting.

If one decides that John Smith is 12.5% likely to win—an arbitrary valuation—one might then set an odds of 7:1 against. This arbitrary valuation — the "operational subjective probability" — determines the payoff to a successful wager. $1 wagered at these odds will produce either a loss of $1 (if Smith loses) or a win of $7 (if Smith wins). If the $1 is placed in pledge as a condition of the bet, then the $1 will also be returned to the bettor, should the bettor win the bet.

The arguments
The standard Dutch book argument concludes that rational agents must have subjective probabilities for random events, and that these probabilities must satisfy the standard axioms of probability. In other words, any rational person must be willing to assign a (quantitative) subjective probability to different events.

Note that the argument does not imply agents are willing to engage in gambling in the traditional sense. The word "bet" as used here refers to any kind of decision under uncertainty. For example, buying an unfamiliar good at a supermarket is a kind of "bet" (the buyer "bets" that the product is good), as is getting into a car ("betting" that the driver will not be involved in an accident).

Establishing willingness to bet
The Dutch book argument can be reversed by considering the perspective of the bookmaker. In this case, the Dutch book arguments show that any rational agent must be willing to accept some kinds of risks, i.e. to make uncertain bets, or else they will sometimes refuse "free gifts" or "Czech books", a series of bets leaving them better-off with 100% certainty.

Unitarity
In one example, a bookmaker has offered the following odds and attracted one bet on each horse whose relative sizes make the result irrelevant. The implied probabilities, i.e. probability of each horse winning, add up to a number greater than 1, violating the axiom of unitarity: Whichever horse wins in this example, the bookmaker will pay out $200 (including returning the winning stake)—but the punter has bet $210, hence making a loss of $10 on the race.

However, if horse 4 was withdrawn and the bookmaker does not adjust the other odds, the implied probabilities would add up to 0.95. In such a case, a gambler could always reap a profit of $10 by betting $100, $50 and $40 on the remaining three horses, respectively, and not having to stake $20 on the withdrawn horse, which now cannot win.

Other axioms
Other forms of Dutch books can be used to establish the other axioms of probability, sometimes involving more complex bets like forecasting the order in which horses will finish. In Bayesian probability, Frank P. Ramsey and Bruno de Finetti required personal degrees of belief to be coherent so that a Dutch book could not be made against them, whichever way bets were made. Necessary and sufficient conditions for this are that their degrees of belief satisfy all the axioms of probability.

Dutch books
A person who has set prices on an array of wagers, in such a way that he or she will make a net gain regardless of the outcome, is said to have made a Dutch book. When one has a Dutch book, one's opponent always loses. A person who sets prices in a way that gives his or her opponent a Dutch book is not behaving rationally.

A very trivial Dutch book
The rules do not forbid a set price higher than $1, but a prudent opponent may sell one a high-priced ticket, such that the opponent comes out ahead regardless of the outcome of the event on which the bet is made. The rules also do not forbid a negative price, but an opponent may extract a paid promise from the bettor to pay him or her later should a certain contingency arise. In either case, the price-setter loses. These lose-lose situations parallel the fact that a probability can neither exceed 1 (certainty) nor be less than 0 (no chance of winning).

A more instructive Dutch book
Now suppose one sets the price of a promise to pay $1 if the Boston Red Sox win next year's World Series, and also the price of a promise to pay $1 if the New York Yankees win, and finally the price of a promise to pay $1 if either the Red Sox or the Yankees win. One may set the prices in such a way that

 * $$ \text{Price}(\text{Red Sox})+\text{Price}(\text{Yankees})\neq\text{Price}(\text{Red Sox or Yankees}) \, $$

But if one sets the price of the third ticket lower than the sum of the first two tickets, a prudent opponent will buy that ticket and sell the other two tickets to the price-setter. By considering the three possible outcomes (Red Sox, Yankees, some other team), one will note that regardless of which of the three outcomes eventuates, one will lose. An analogous fate awaits if one set the price of the third ticket higher than the sum of the other two prices. This parallels the fact that probabilities of mutually exclusive events are additive (see probability axioms).

Conditional wagers and conditional probabilities
Now imagine a more complicated scenario. One must set the prices of three promises:

 * to pay $1 if the Red Sox win tomorrow's game: the purchaser of this promise loses their bet if the Red Sox do not win regardless of whether their failure is due to their loss of a completed game or cancellation of the game, and
 * to pay $1 if the Red Sox win, and to refund the price of the promise if the game is cancelled, and
 * to pay $1 if the game is completed, regardless of who wins.

Three outcomes are possible: The game is cancelled; the game is played and the Red Sox lose; the game is played and the Red Sox win. One may set the prices in such a way that

 * $$\text{Price}(\text{complete game})\times\text{Price}(\text{Red Sox win}\mid\text{complete game}) \neq \text{Price}(\text{Red Sox win and complete game})$$

(where the second price above is that of the bet that includes the refund in case of cancellation). (Note: The prices here are the dimensionless numbers obtained by dividing by $1, which is the payout in all three cases.) A prudent opponent writes three linear inequalities in three variables. The variables are the amounts they will invest in each of the three promises; the value of one of these is negative if they will make the price-setter buy that promise and positive if they will buy it. Each inequality corresponds to one of the three possible outcomes. Each inequality states that your opponent's net gain is more than zero. A solution exists if the determinant of the matrix is not zero. That determinant is:

 * $$\text{Price}(\text{complete game})\times\text{Price}(\text{Red Sox win}\mid\text{complete game})-\text{Price}(\text{Red Sox win and complete game}).$$

Thus a prudent opponent can make the price setter a sure loser unless one sets one's prices in a way that parallels the simplest conventional characterization of conditional probability.

Another example
In the 2015 running of the Kentucky Derby, the favorite ("American Pharaoh") was set ante-post at 5:2, the second favorite at 3:1, and the third favorite at 8:1. All other horses had odds against of 12:1 or higher. With these odds, a wager of $10 on each of all 18 starters would result in a net loss if either the favorite or the second favorite were to win.

However, if one assumes that no horse quoted 12:1 or higher will win, and one bets $10 on each of the top three, one is guaranteed at least a small win. The favorite (who did win) would result in a payout of $25, plus the returned $10 wager, giving an ending balance of $35 (a $5 net increase). A win by the second favorite would produce a payoff of $30 plus the original $10 wager, for a net $10 increase. A win by the third favorite gives $80 plus the original $10, for a net increase of $60.

This sort of strategy, so far as it concerns just the top three, forms a Dutch Book. However, if one considers all eighteen contenders, then no Dutch Book exists for this race.

Economics
In economics, the classic example of a situation in which a consumer X can be Dutch-booked is if they have intransitive preferences. Suppose that for this consumer, A is preferred to B, B is preferred to C, and C is preferred to A. Then suppose that someone else in the population, Y, has one of these goods. Without loss of generality, suppose Y has good A. Then Y can first sell A to X for B+ε; then sell B to X for C+ε; then sell C to X for A+ε, where ε is some small amount of the numeraire. After this sequence of trades, X has given 3·ε to Y for nothing in return. This method is a money pump, where Y exploits X using an arbitrage-opportunity by taking advantage of X's intransitive preferences.

Economists usually argue that people with preferences like X's will have all their wealth taken from them in the market. If this is the case, we won't observe preferences with intransitivities or other features that allow people to be Dutch-booked. However, if people are somewhat sophisticated about their intransitivities and/or if competition by arbitrageurs drives epsilon to zero, non-"standard" preferences may still be observable.

Coherence
It can be shown that the set of prices is coherent when they satisfy the probability axioms and related results such as the inclusion–exclusion principle.

title: Dutch book theorems


text:
Spermophilus

Spermophilus is a genus of ground squirrels in the squirrel family. As traditionally defined the genus was very species-rich, ranging through Europe, Asia and North America, but this arrangement was found to be paraphyletic to the certainly distinct prairie dogs, marmots, and antelope squirrels. As a consequence, all the former Spermophilus species of North America have been moved to other genera, leaving the European and Asian species as true Spermophilus (the only exceptions are two Asian Urocitellus).

Some species are sometimes called susliks (or sousliks). This name comes from Russian суслик, suslik. In some languages, a derivative of the name is in common usage, for example suseł in Polish. The scientific name of this genus means "seed-lovers" (gr. σπέρμα sperma, genitive σπέρματος spermatos – seed; φίλος philos – friend, lover).

Habitat and behavior
As typical ground squirrels, Spermophilus live in open habitats like grasslands, meadows, steppe and semideserts, feed on the low plants, and use burrows as nests and refuge. They are diurnal and mostly live in colonies, although some species also can occur singly. They are found in both lowlands to highlands, hibernate during the colder months (up to c. 81⁄2 months each year in some species) and in arid regions they may also aestivate during the summer or fall. The distributions of the various species are mostly separated, often by large rivers, although there are regions inhabited by as many as three species and rarely two species may even form mixed colonies. A few species are known to hybridize where their ranges come into contact.

Appearance
Spermophilus are overall yellowish, light orangish, light brownish or greyish. Although many are inconspicuously mottled or spotted, or have orange markings on the head, overall they lack strong patterns, except in S. suslicus, which commonly has brown upperparts with clear white spotting. Size varies with species and they have a head-and-body length of c. 17-40 cm. Before hibernation the largest S. fulvus may weigh up to 2 kg and the largest S. major up to almost 1.4 kg, but they always weigh much less earlier in the year and other species are considerably smaller, mostly less than 0.5 kg even in peak condition before hibernation. All have a fairly short tail that—depending on exact species—is around 10–45% of the length of the head-and-body.

Relationship with humans
Ground squirrels may carry fleas that transmit diseases to humans (see Black Death), and have been destructive in tunneling underneath human habitation.

Species

A generic revision was undertaken in 2007 by means of phylogenetic analyses using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. This resulted in the splitting of Spermophilus into eight genera, which with the prairie dogs, marmots, and antelope squirrels are each given as numbered clades. The exact relations between the clades are slightly unclear. Among these, the exclusively Palearctic species are retained as the genus Spermophilus sensu stricto (in the strictest sense).

 * Spermophilus sensu stricto, Old World ground squirrels
 * Alashan ground squirrel, Spermophilus alashanicus
 * Brandt's ground squirrel, Spermophilus brevicauda
 * European ground squirrel, Spermophilus citellus
 * Daurian ground squirrel, Spermophilus dauricus
 * Red-cheeked ground squirrel, Spermophilus erythrogenys
 * Yellow ground squirrel, Spermophilus fulvus
 * Russet ground squirrel, Spermophilus major
 * Caucasian Mountain ground squirrel, Spermophilus musicus
 * Tian Shan ground squirrel, Spermophilus nilkaensis
 * Pallid ground squirrel, Spermophilus pallidicauda
 * Little ground squirrel, Spermophilus pygmaeus
 * Relict ground squirrel, Spermophilus relictus
 * Speckled ground squirrel, Spermophilus suslicus
 * Taurus ground squirrel, Spermophilus taurensis
 * Asia Minor ground squirrel, Spermophilus xanthoprymnus

Prehistoric species
Discovery and examination of one of the best preserved Eurasian ground squirrel fossils yet recovered allowed the study of many previously unknown aspects of ground squirrel cranial anatomy, and prompted a critical reassessment of their phylogenetic position. As a result, three Pleistocene species previously considered members of the Urocitellus genus were moved to Spermophilus:

 * †Spermophilus nogaici
 * †Spermophilus polonicus
 * †Spermophilus primigenius

Spermophilus citelloides is known from the Middle Pleistocene to early Holocene of Europe. It appears to be most closely related to the living S. suslicus.

title: Spermophilus


text:
User talk:Joshtek

Nomination of Klik for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Klik is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Klik until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article.  DGG ( talk ) 01:14, 16 April 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joshtek


text:
Alexandre Exquemelin

Alexandre Olivier Exquemelin (also spelled Esquemeling, Exquemeling, or Oexmelin) (c. 1645–1707) was a French, Dutch, or Flemish writer best known as the author of one of the most important sourcebooks of 17th-century piracy, first published in Dutch as De Americaensche Zee-Roovers, in Amsterdam, by Jan ten Hoorn, in 1678.

Born about 1645, it is likely that Exquemelin was a native of Honfleur, France, who on his return from buccaneering settled in Holland, possibly because he was a Huguenot. In 1666 he was engaged by the French West India Company and went to Tortuga, where he worked as an indentured servant for three years. There he enlisted with the buccaneers, in particular with the band of Henry Morgan, whose confidante he was, probably as a barber-surgeon, and remained with them until 1674. Shortly afterwards he returned to Europe and settled in Amsterdam where he qualified professionally as a surgeon, his name appearing on the 1679 register of the Dutch Surgeons' Guild. However, he was later once again in the Caribbean as his name appears on the muster-roll as a surgeon in the attack on Cartagena in 1697.

The bibliographic legacy of Exquemelin's History of the Buccaneers of America is complex. It was first published in Dutch (1678), then translated into German (1679), Spanish (1681) and English (1684). The German translation is a faithful translation of the original Dutch. The Spanish translation adds new material quite freely and without acknowledgment, and mistranslates the Dutch frequently, while the English translation appears to be as much a translation of the Spanish edition, including most of its deviations from the Dutch original. The French translation of 1686 is substantially a new work with many additions, including new pirate biographies (Daniel Montbars and Alexandre Bras-de-Fer) and complete rearrangements in some sections incorporating new material of unknown source. Subsequent editions and translations added additional new material and whole biographies.

Following publication of the English translation in 1684, Henry Morgan took steps to discredit the book and successfully brought a libel suit against the book's publishers William Crooke and Thomas Malthus. Morgan particularly objected to the description of the capture of the third castle at Portobello in 1668 where the book said he had ordered the construction of ladders wide enough for three men to climb abreast; when they were completed he "commanded all the religious men and women whom he had taken prisoners to fix them against the walls of the castle ... these were forced, at the head of the companies to raise and apply them to the walls ... Thus many of the religious men and nuns were killed". In Morgan's affidavit he stated that he had "against evil deeds, piracies and robberies the greatest abhorrence and distrust", and that "for the kind of men called buccaneers", he "always had and still has hatred". The court found in his favour and the book was retracted; damages of £200 were paid to him. The passage about the use of nuns and monks as a human shield was retracted from subsequent publications in England.

For a comparison of the 1678 Dutch edition and the 1686 French translation, see the 1974 translation and interpretation by the Danish author and historian Erik Kjærsgaard. For a contemporary reprinting, see Esquemeling, Alexander O., ''The Buccaneers of America. A true account of the most remarkable assaults committed of late years upon the coasts of West Indies by the Buccaneers of Jamaica and Tortuga'' (both English and French), containing also Basil Ringrose’s account of the dangerous voyage and bold assaults of Captain Bartholomew Sharp and others. Peter Benchley, in his book The Island, referred to Exquemelin at length, having used his work in his research.

title: Alexandre Exquemelin


text:
Richardson's ground squirrel

Richardson's ground squirrel (Urocitellus richardsonii), also known as the dakrat or flickertail, is a North American ground squirrel in the genus Urocitellus. Like a number of other ground squirrels, they are sometimes called prairie dogs or gophers, though the latter name belongs more strictly to the pocket gophers of family Geomyidae, and the former to members of the genus Cynomys.

Taxonomy
This squirrel was named after the Scottish naturalist Sir John Richardson. North Dakota is nicknamed the Flickertail state after the squirrel. The nickname Dakrat is derived from "Dakota Rat" and is a commonly used name around Minot, North Dakota and on Minot Air Force Base.

Habitat
Native to the short grass prairies, Richardson's ground squirrel is found mainly in the northern states of the United States, such as North Dakota and Montana, and in western Canada, including central and southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan. The range of this animal expanded as forests were cleared to create farmland. They are not simply restricted to prairie; sometimes they adapt to suburban environments, causing them to be seen as pests because of the burrows they dig. It is not unusual to find squirrels digging tunnels under the sidewalks and patios of urban homes.

Description
Typical adults are about 30 cm long. Weights vary greatly with time of year and with location: at emergence from hibernation the squirrels weigh between 200 and(-) for females and between 350 and(-) for males. But by the time they hibernate again, their weight may have risen to nearly 750 g. Males are slightly larger and heavier than females on average. They are dark brown on the upper side and tan underneath. The tail is shorter and less bushy than in other ground squirrels, and the external ears are so short as to look more like holes in the animal's head. Behavior is more like that of a prairie dog than a typical ground squirrel. The tail is constantly trembling, so the animal is sometimes called the "flickertail".

Males have an average life expectancy of 3 years, while females average 4 years. However, in captivity some individuals may live for 5 to 7 years.

Behavior
Richardson's ground squirrels appear to live communally, but they organize their social structure around female kinship. A female Richardson's ground squirrel will tolerate the presence of closely related females, but are territorial towards other individuals. Individuals are territorial around their nest sites. The burrows of Richardson's ground squirrels are grouped closely together in colonies, and individuals give audible alarm calls when possible predators approach. Recent research has shown that in some cases, ultrasonic alarm calls are given, and are responded to by other members of the colony. Richardson's ground squirrels use two audible alarm calls, a high-pitched whistle and a 'chirp' call. The whistle is given in response to terrestrial predators, while the chirp is given in response to aerial predators such as hawks.

Predators include hawks, owls, snakes, weasels, American badgers and coyotes.

Feeding
These animals are omnivores, eating seeds, nuts, grains, grasses and insects (especially crickets, caterpillars and grasshoppers). They stuff their cheek pouches with seeds, which are stored in the burrow and likely eaten in spring. They are also reported to cannibalize ground squirrels killed by road traffic.

Hibernation
Adult ground squirrels may hibernate as early as July, though in their first year, the young ground squirrels do not hibernate until September. The males emerge from hibernation in March, and establish territories before the females emerge a couple of weeks later. Abandoned burrows are sometimes taken over by other grassland species such as the burrowing owl.

Reproduction
Female Richardson's ground squirrels produce one litter per year. Litter size averages 6, though the maximum size recorded is 14. The young are born in April or May. Young ground squirrels remain underground in the burrow until they are approximately 30 days old, emerging from natal burrows late May to mid-June. At emergence, the young weigh 50 to 100 grams.

Relationship with humans
Because they will readily eat crop species, Richardson's ground squirrels are sometimes considered to be agricultural pests, although this is not their legal status in all jurisdictions. The government of Saskatchewan declared the animals pests in 2010, allowing local governments to employ gopher control measures. In areas with few natural predators, overpopulation and increasing density can drive ground squirrels to expand into suburban neighborhoods.

Control measures
Farmers and ranchers have developed a variety of ways to exterminate ground squirrels besides trapping, shooting and poisoning. One such process fills the burrows with a mixture of oxygen and propane and then ignites the gas mixture. This kills the ground squirrels with a concussive force that also collapses the tunnel systems. Even if effective, ground squirrels from outside of the treated areas will eventually spread back into the area.

The Saskatoon Wildlife Federation sponsored a 12-week "gopher derby" in 2002, in an effort to reduce what it considered an overpopulation of the squirrels. Cash prizes were awarded for the most number of animals killed, with the animals' tails being presented as proof of the kill. The Canadian Humane Society called the contest cruel and barbaric. Despite the criticism, the derby was repeated in 2003. By 2004, the ground squirrel population had dropped and the contest was cancelled.

The Gopher Hole Museum in Torrington, Alberta, Canada, has a large selection of stuffed ground squirrels of many varieties and colors.

Pet trade
The Richardson's ground squirrel in recent years has become popular in the exotic pet trade.

title: Richardson's ground squirrel


text:
Blood Gulch

Blood Gulch is a multiplayer map in the first-person shooter Halo video game series. It first appeared in Halo: Combat Evolved, and was remade for Halo 2 as "Coagulation", as well as for Halo: Reach as "Hemorrhage" and Halo: The Master Chief Collection as "Bloodline". It also had spiritual successors in Halo 3 's "Valhalla", in Halo 4 and Halo Wars as "Ragnarok", and in Halo 5 's "Basin". Taking place in a canyon on the Halo ringworld that resembles the American Southwest, it was designed for the capture the flag game mode but can also be used for other modes, such as deathmatch. Blood Gulch was one of Halo 's most critically acclaimed and influential multiplayer maps, and played a significant role in the machinima series Red vs. Blue.

Level content
Blood Gulch takes place in a box canyon on a Halo ring that is enclosed on all sides by high natural walls. The canyon's interior is a "vast expanse of undulating landscape and scattered pieces of natural cover", with a base on each end for the Red and Blue teams. The map is balanced but asymmetrical in terms of tactical advantage, with the Red team having access to a ridge, while the Blue team is located near a tunnel system in the canyon wall. Each base is conducive to traditional FPS gameplay, with "two entrances, an open ceiling, and sloping paths to the roof". On top of each base, a teleporter can transport players (from either team) to the midst of the valley's no man's land, leaving them vulnerable to snipers. Warthog jeeps can easily traverse the landscape, making them ideal for escaping with the flag. In the Halo 2 variant of the map, each base has a third, below ground level, in which a Banshee can be found. When playing the gamemode “Rocket Slayer”, the Warthogs are replaced with Scorpion tanks.

Development
Jaime Griesemer, the designer of Halo: Combat Evolved, stated that the design of Blood Gulch was responsible for the Scorpion tank remaining in the game, saying that the developers wanted to remove it, as it was not used in the game's campaign mode enough, but found it fun enough to drive around Blood Gulch that it was left in the game. He also stated that the game's sniper rifle was given a scope due to the distance between Blood Gulch's two bases.

Reception
Wes Fenlon from PC Gamer opined that "if there's anything truly and utterly timeless about Halo, it's that voice playing over the warm blue sky and dusty fields of Blood Gulch". IGN 's Ryan McCaffrey consider Coagulation, the Halo 2 iteration of Blood Gulch, to be the Halo series' arguably most famous map, "the boxed desert canyon that's been home to countless CTF matches and Red vs. Blue episodes". Edge called the map a "showcase" for Halo 's "wonderful ability to segue in and out of tense firefights and moments of ridiculous slapstick". The publication praised the map for its wide open design and combination of ground combat and third-person vehicles, which, while taken for granted in the modern day, was rare at the time of Halo 's release and required "a different approach to map design". In Engadget's coverage of the reveal of the Blood Gulch map returning for Halo: Reach, Richard Mitchell remarked that it is "probably the most well-remembered map in Halo history", while the version in Reach is "very familiar and very different", drawing attention to the fact that players can leave the canyon. Good Game called the map "Halo 's most iconic" and said that "teamwork is at the core of the Gulch", while "the best way to experience the gulch has always been behind the wheel". GameZone called the map "easily a standout of the franchise", citing how often it has been remade across games. Ryan McCaffrey of Official Xbox Magazine called Blood Gulch "one of the best multiplayer maps to grace any first-person shooter" and praised the map's successor, Hemorrhage, that carries over the map's terrain.

Phil Spencer, head of the Xbox brand, called Blood Gulch his favorite Halo map, citing its terrain, large amount of vehicle combat and the excitement of coordinating friends to capture the flag.

Blood Gulch was recreated by a fan for the game Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, with Kotaku calling the map "very nicely done".

In other media
Blood Gulch was popularized in part due to it being the main setting of the first five seasons of Red vs. Blue, a web series that first aired in the early 2000s. It was later featured in the battle royale game Fortnite. The addition was announced by Ninja and several Red vs. Blue characters.

title: Blood Gulch


text:
User talk:Sterlingbates

Welcome
Sterlingbates, welcome to the wikipedia. And thank you for your contributions to Mormonism and Christianity. We are aware that much work is needed on that article. It has come a long way, but is still rather unwieldy and rambling. Be bold and edit in any good way you see fit. Tom 15:25, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Thoughts on NPOV
I have maybe a new twist on NPOV. I don't want to write for Wikipedia in vain. If I write articles that people take exception to, my writing will eventually disappear or be replaced by other points of view. But if I succeed in writing in a way that all reasonable people have to concede is NPOV, then my writing endures. At Wikipedia, you are only as successful as your ability to think and write NPOV. I think this is good for us personally.

As we write carefully and respectfully, we begin to see increasingly which of our edits are not sticking. We have a chance to rephrase ourselves, and in the process to become less partisan. I think Mkmcconn has done a good job of internalizing NPOV. He has very strong feelings about Mormonism (as somthing to be avoided). But his edits and comments are always fair, and he even speaks well for the Mormon POV in so far as he understands it.

I think this whole philosophy, process, and principle at Wikipedia is very harmonious with the purpose of our mortal life, and it excites me to explore the minds of my adversaries and to try to agree with them quickly. I have no doubt that it makes me a better disciple of Christ (See also wikilove. Tom 22:22, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree. I think I've had similar experiences with being able to think and rethink my position, and how I present that position. I've always had very strong opinions, but have rarely had the opportunity to discuss them with trustworthy people who could correct me while still caring about me. I think this forum gives me a chance to continue balancing my perspective, and to further refine my beliefs, and understanding of them. The challenge is doing so without embarassing myself 10 years from now :-) Sterlingbates 05:27, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * As an additional note, perhaps a better abbreviation is BPOV -- both points of view? Sterlingbates 05:27, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * APOV? All Points of View?  :-D  Sometimes I like to think of it as how a caring and informed parent would explain something to an inquiring teenager or to a child. Actually, NPOV is a good descriptor, because the neutral point of view realizes that some points of view are marginal, some ar key, and others are at least mentionable.  It is thus NPOV to say, "a very small minority of Americans believes that USA has never sent a man to the moon." And you would want, if you were sufficiently alert at the right time, to inform your teenager of that fact. Tom 22:57, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Mormonism and Christianity
The current intro (with magic and all) was a rework by COGDEN of a major article rework I did some time back. You might want to click on History and go back to some of the versions right before the major editing flurries to get an idea of where we've been. Specifically, perhaps you might take some of the old material and incorporate it again in your own way. But I still have great hopes for Mkmcconn's project, which will be another major rework. On that vein, you might want to drop by his scratchpad and help out with the brainstorming. Tom 23:25, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Human
Hey, S. Have you seen the human page? Wow! It is funny. Species status: secure  ROTFL  Any ideas? Tom 23:46, 26 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Miss you
S, I hope to see you again at Wikipedia some time. Thanks for the help you gave us with Mormonism and Christianity. Tom - Talk 04:31, 13 Oct 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sterlingbates


text:
Talk:Alejandro Agustín Lanusse

Untitled
Lanusse was not candidate, so he couldn´t be "beaten" by Campora. It true, however, in a metaphorical sense.

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title: Talk:Alejandro Agustín Lanusse


text:
User talk:Terrible Tim

Hi Terrible Tim, and welcome to Wikipedia.

Thankyou for finding the time to sign up and contribute to our little project. If you're in doubt about anything, you might want to check out some of these pages:

 * Welcome, newcomers - a general introduction, and a good starting point
 * The help centre and FAQs
 * The Manual of Style - a guide to the community's writing conventions

It's also a good idea to sign the new user log and add a little about yourself.

When contributing to a talk page, you can sign your name by typing four tildes after your comments, like this: ~. Some people do not pay attention to unsigned comments. An important note: Please do not add this signature to encyclopedia articles you may edit, even if you have created them. Wikipedia articles are owned by the community, not by any one person.

If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to me at my talk page, or at the Help desk or Village Pump.

But above all, make sure you be bold when contributing, and have fun!

TPK 15:27, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Recruiting for SDA pages
Hi Tim, I am working on getting a number of pages relating to SDAs, I notice you have worked on existing pages, but I would really like to see things expand and improve. I have just started Independent ministries of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Would you mind dropping by and having a look and helping to improve it? Pass the word around as I would really like to see some quality articles on Adventism being written. Thanks - Fermion 1 July 2005 07:33 (UTC)

Nodezilla
The article Nodezilla is up for deletion I noticed, and saw that you created the article. You may want to come and take a look at the deletion process since the project of Nodezilla has some inconsistancies that make it unusual so people are investigating.

If you have any knowledge of this article perhaps you can come and comment, goto the article then click on the deletion link at the top. Thanks, --ShaunMacPherson 08:53, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Seventh-day Adventist WikiProject
Hi! I noticed you have helped with the Seventh-day Adventist Church article and thought you might be interested in joining the WikiProject Seventh-day Adventist Church. If you have any queries feel free to ask me on my talk page. Thanks. MyNameIsNotBob MyNameIsNotBob 04:43, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

Seventh-day Adventist Church Page
Hi!

I noticed that you have an interest in the Seventh-day Adventist Church. At the moment there is a debate raging on Talk:Seventh-day Adventist Church that has resulted in the main page being protected. The debate has to do with the theology of Graham Maxwell. I would really appreciate if you could drop by and comment on this issue.

By the way, you might want to sign up at WikiProject_Seventh-day_Adventist_Church to help us make better pages to do with the Adventist Church.

Thanking you in advance, -Fermion 06:23, 5 March 2006 (UTC)

Greetings
Hello!

Hello, Terrible Tim, I have bumped into your work as I went over some of the Adventist pages. I see you are helping us with the WikiProject Seventh-day Adventist Church. I am working on Seventh-day Adventist theology and eschatology issues, but let me know if there is anything I can do to assist you or if any questions I can help you with...Simbagraphix (talk) 10:57, 20 October 2010 (UTC)

Ichthus: January 2012
 In this issue...

- Ichthus is the newsletter of Christianity on Wikipedia • It is published by WikiProject Christianity For submissions contact the Newsroom • To unsubscribe add yourself to the list here
 * From the Editor
 * What are You doing For Lent?
 * Fun and Exciting Contest Launched
 * Spotlight on WikiProject Catholicism

Millipede photos
You added some very useful photos of millipedes to Commons. If you add locations to the photos it would add much value to them I think, as the ranges of some millipede species are very small, and may be determined from the location. JMK (talk) 08:06, 10 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Hi JMK, I think I mislabled those photos as being from South Africa, but they are in fact all from Phophonyane Falls Nature Reserve in Swaziland. Feel free to label or move them. -Terrible Tim (talk) 16:47, 29 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Thank you! JMK (talk) 17:05, 25 November 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:14, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Terrible Tim


text:
James C. Jones

James Chamberlain Jones (April 20, 1809 – October 29, 1859) was an American politician who served as the tenth governor of Tennessee from 1841 to 1845, and as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1851 to 1857. A Whig, Jones twice defeated future U.S. President James K. Polk for the governorship, in 1841 and 1843. He was the first native-born Tennessean to be elected governor of the state.

Jones's first gubernatorial term was marked by gridlock with the state senate, which was led by a group of Democratic senators known as the "Immortal Thirteen." His second term was more productive, as his fellow Whigs controlled both houses of the legislature. Though he later joined the Democratic Party, Jones's speaking skills and campaign style helped to solidify Tennessee's Whigs as one of the strongest Whig movements in the South.

Early life
A thin man whose nickname was "Lean Jimmy" (he stood 6'2" but weighed only 125 pounds), Jones was born in Davidson County, Tennessee, the son of Peter and Catherine Chappell Jones. His parents died when he was still young, and he was raised by an uncle in Wilson County. He occasionally attended public schools.  After marrying Sarah Munford in 1829, he purchased a farm near Lebanon, Tennessee.

In 1836, Jones supported the presidential campaign of Hugh Lawson White, a former Democrat who had turned against Andrew Jackson and joined the Whig Party. The following year, Jones was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives, representing Wilson County. He was reelected in 1839. In 1840, Jones was an elector for presidential candidate William Henry Harrison. While in the legislature, Jones studied law, but never practiced.

Governor
In 1841, the Tennessee Whigs nominated Jones as their candidate for governor. The Whigs believed that Jones, widely known as an entertaining speaker and storyteller, was their best shot to defeat incumbent governor, James K. Polk. After besting Polk in a series of debates in the Spring of 1841, Jones won the election by just 3,000 votes out of over 100,000 cast.

Following the election of 1841, Whigs controlled the state House of Representatives, but Democrats held onto the state senate by a 13 to 12 margin. One of the first tasks of the new government was to fill the U.S. Senate seats left vacant by the resignations of Alexander O. Anderson and Alfred O. P. Nicholson. Democrats demanded one of the two seats go to a Democrat, a request the Whigs rejected. The 13 Democrats in the state senate, who became known as the "Immortal Thirteen," refused to allow a joint session of the legislature (where Whigs, who controlled the House, would have a numerical majority) to choose the replacement senators, and Tennessee thus had no representation in the U.S. Senate for most of 1842 and 1843. Though the government was mostly gridlocked by the Immortal Thirteen during Jones's first term, it did manage to enact debt reform legislation in 1842.

In the election of 1843, Polk canvassed the state extensively in hopes of taking back the governor's office, but he was again unsuccessful. Furthermore, Whigs gained control of the state senate, ending the "Immortal Thirteen" gridlock, and two Whigs were appointed to the state's U.S. Senate seats. Jones's second term saw the establishment of a state school for the blind in Nashville and a school for the deaf in Knoxville. In 1843, Nashville, which had been serving as the temporary capital of the state for years (as had several other places before it), was officially selected as the state's permanent capital. The cornerstone for the Tennessee State Capitol was laid while Jones was still governor.

U.S. Senate and later life
Jones did not seek a third term, choosing instead to accept an offer to become president of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. He was an elector for Zachary Taylor in the U.S. presidential election of 1848.

In 1851, the state legislature chose Jones to replace Hopkins L. Turney in the U.S. Senate. Jones supported Winfield Scott in the presidential election of 1852, but afterward began to drift apart from the Whig Party, which was imploding over the issue of slavery. In 1854, he railed against northern Whigs for refusing to support the Kansas-Nebraska Act. After the collapse of the Whig Party, Jones refused to join the American Party with other southern Whigs, and supported James Buchanan in the 1856 presidential election. He endorsed Stephen Douglas in the election of 1860.

After serving in the United States Senate, Jones retired to his farm near Memphis, where he died. He was interred in the city's Elmwood Cemetery.

title: James C. Jones


text:
Five Colleges of Ohio

The Five Colleges of Ohio, Inc. is an American academic and administrative consortium of five private liberal arts colleges in the state of Ohio. It is a nonprofit educational consortium established in 1995 to promote the broad educational and cultural objectives of its member institutions.

Members
The members of The Five Colleges of Ohio consortium are:
 * Denison University, Granville, Ohio
 * Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio
 * Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio
 * Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio
 * The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio

History
The designation Ohio Five first appeared in Ohio newspapers in the early twentieth century. The grouping, predating any formal agreement, was immediately adopted by the press as a foreshadowing of an Ohio league of schools with similar academic and athletic reputations, which, at the time was a common perception.

Following informal discussions among the five colleges in the early 1990s, the consortium was formalized by the incorporation of the organization on June 30, 1995. A grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, awarded in June 1995, provided for the development of a joint library system, establishment of an administrative structure, and investigation of the benefits and methods for sharing digital images and multimedia resources, establishing The Five Colleges of Ohio, Inc. as a legal entity.

Collaboration among the five colleges occurs in several areas:

 * Academic Programs
 * Administrative Programs and Technology
 * Libraries

Academic programs
The colleges have worked together on grants and long-term projects to support curricular development, faculty collaborations, and opportunities for students. These projects have included:

In language teaching:

 * Foreign Language Technology Project (1996-2002) a four-year project funded by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to strengthen foreign language learning through collaborative use of technology
 * Language Enrichment and Postdoctoral Fellowship Program (2015-), a Mellon-funded program which placed thirteen postdoctoral fellows in languages from The Ohio State University for two-year terms and provided opportunities for faculty to collaborate on teaching and scholarship project. In its final phase in 2018-19, the project included a test of three advanced Chinese language courses shared among four of the colleges via distance technology.

In curricular development:

 * Teagle Creativity and Critical Thinking Assessment 2005-2006, a multi-year project funded by The Teagle Foundation that developed tools to assess outcomes of a liberal arts education: creativity and critical thinking.
 * Teagle Curricular Coherence Project 2015-2019 supported a comprehensive initiative offering structured ways for students to complete general education requirements and create coherent understanding of their educational pathways.

In student opportunities:

 * Ohio Five-OSU Summer Undergraduate Research Experience (SURE) offers science students at the Five Colleges of Ohio an opportunity to engage in summer research activities in Ohio State University laboratories.
 * Stanford-Ohio Five structural molecular biology collaboration provides internship opportunities at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL.)

In faculty collaborations:

Ohio Five Dance Workshops support an annual showcase of faculty and student dance performances at member colleges.

Administrative programs
In 2012, the Ohio Five resolved to identify and implement a joint e-procurement solution to automate purchasing and contract administration across the colleges and realize related savings through joint purchasing plans and contracts. A $100,000 grant from the Mellon Foundation in 2014 supported system installation and a full-time staff member was hired to supervise the program. Denison University, Kenyon College, Oberlin College and Ohio Wesleyan University moved forward together to develop the program, which realized an estimated $500,000 in contract savings in its first fully implemented year in 2015-16. In 2017-18, more than 4,300 suppliers were active in the e-procurement system representing an annual spend of $4.483 million.

Since 2014, the Five Colleges have also collaborated on a shared online work order system enabling the colleges to optimize workflow in facilities management and maintenance and track expenditures.

Risk management, disaster planning, Title IX training and investigative services and information technologies represent additional areas in which the college work together to support training and cost savings. The Ohio Five also maintains a job site for employment opportunities in faculty, staff, and administration at the Five Colleges

Libraries
The libraries of Denison University, Kenyon College, Ohio Wesleyan University, and The College of Wooster share an integrated library system called CONSORT. This multi-college system maximizes the colleges' abilities to share collection resources and collaborate on collection-related databases and publications. Oberlin College maintains its own integrated library system called OBIS.

Since the founding of the Five Colleges, its libraries have worked together to support the development of the CONSORT system and promote institutional priorities in digital literacy and digital scholarship. Joint library projects have included:

 * Information Literacy Web Tutorials (1998) a project funded by the Foundation for Independent Higher Education and A T & T.

The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation provided significant support for three projects focusing on digital scholarship:

 * Integrating Informational Literacy into the Liberal Arts Curriculum (1999), a project to support curricular innovations to deepen student capacity in using information resources.
 * Next Generation Library and Digital Collections (2009–11), which funded the development of digital collections by faculty and librarians
 * Digital Collections: From Projects to Pedagogy and Scholarship (2013-), which created digital resources to enhance faculty and student research, teaching, and learning using emerging aspects of media literacy, scholarly communication, information literacy, information management and digital publishing.

Governance
The Five Colleges of Ohio is governed by its five presidents who form the organization's board of trustees. Standing committees led by cabinet officers of each college supervise finance and business operations (chief financial and business officers), academic affairs (provosts and deans), library programs (library directors) and information technology (chief financial officers). The Five Colleges of Ohio is managed by a full-time staff of five who supervise the organization's activities from offices located throughout the consortium, with a central office at Oberlin College.

title: Five Colleges of Ohio


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Cyrus Cantrell

Re: Cyrus Cantrell Del this non-notable academic, tho he is a solid citizen and an above-average contributor to society. His article was added only after his daughter's suicide, and is being used to argue his influentiality will make the dau. significant in the activism re suicide prevention or teen anomie, or in the ghoulish fascination that passes itself off as part of those worth causes. Not notable. --Jerzy(t) 15:35, 2004 Jul 29 (UTC)

 * Delete - The only google hits besides his university homepage are all mirrors of this WP article. Not notable. His daughter's suicide, though tragic, is especially unencyclopaedic. TPK 15:48, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: His contributions are greater than J. Random Ph.D., having written textbooks.  I have voted delete on his daughter's article, above, but notability for the academic is provided by the article. If his daughter fails VfD voting, she will need to be de-linked here, though. Geogre 16:25, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep all professors. Dunc_Harris|☺ 18:29, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. I don't have any strong opinion on his daughter because I don't know how widely her death was reported, but Cy seems marginally notable in several different ways. Everyking 19:13, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, insufficient notability. Did you read what TPK wrote in his comment? Jeeves 22:12, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, I searched for the textbook with his last name and got a great number of Google hits, so I don't know how he only got WP mirrors. Everyking 23:06, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Lean towards delete, tho' admittedly he's probably at least within a stone's throw of the cutoff point. Appears he was published as CD Cantrell--I get 356 hits for "Modern Mathematical Methods for Physicists and Engineers" (305 if I add his last name), which isn't none, but isn't really that many. Is just one text book, published by a university press, with an Amazon rank of 1,625,415 really enough? My mom's book, also published by a university press, has an Amazon rank of 678,505 and I haven't been planning on writing about her. Come to think of it, my uncle is a retired professor that I'm pretty had at least one book published (I don't remember the title, so I can't search for it, and it was long enuf ago [60s or 70s maybe?] he and it probably don't have much Web presence), and I hadn't been planning on an article for him either.
 * Delete. Amazon rank of 1,642,415 is fairly low for a science textbook. I once searched random graduate textbooks in my quite specialized area (considerable more specialized than this one) and most were in 200,000-1 million range. Andris 12:58, Jul 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * But that isn't all; besides being a textbook author that gets him hundreds of Google hits, he's also a professor and Associate Dean of Academic Affairs at a university and the author/co-author of a hundred papers, in addition to his claimed but undetailed work in photonics. I'm not saying any one of these things is necessarily sufficient for inclusion, but with all of them together it seems to me he slightly surpasses a reasonable threshold of notability. Everyking 14:27, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * There is a considerable number of academics with a hundred papers. Regarding hits on textbook, I looked through them after writing my comment. I wanted to see how my of them are from courses using his book (as opposed to bookstores and university libraries which often order lots and lots of books). It appears the only course using his textbook that I can find on google is his own. Andris 09:48, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agree with Jerzy, this is ghoulish. And not everyone who has written a textbook is encyclopedic. -- orthogonal 21:26, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: at the risk of being overly careful, i disassociate myself from the introduction of "ghoulish"-ness to the discussion. I see no reason to infer any motivation beyond what is from my PoV excessive zeal for a worthy case, or any other faults beyond what from my PoV are misjudgements of significance, proportionality of means and ends, etc. And ghoulishness would not be a reason for deletion per se. --Jerzy(t) 03:17, 2004 Aug 2 (UTC)
 * From this page, Dr. Cantrel would seem to be an absolutely ordinary academic. All academics publish papers, a large percentage have written at least one textbook, and many of them end up filling administrative positions at some point.  Nothing in the article suggests how he would stand out from the crowd.  Hence (with all due respect to the good doctor,) delete. Isomorphic 05:46, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm for the delete on this one, but I was the last time it came up, too, and it made not a whit of difference. And I still say Sarah Marple-Cantrell doesn't merit an article of her own, either. Bearcat 06:57, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)