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2001–02 Heineken Cup

The 2001–02 Heineken Cup was the seventh edition of the Heineken Cup. Competing teams from France, Ireland, Italy, Wales, England and Scotland, were divided into six pools of four, in which teams played home and away matches against each other. The pool winners and two best runners-up qualified for the knock-out stages. Leicester Tigers won the cup, securing back-to-back titles and a third straight victory for the club.

Pool stage
In the pool matches teams received
 * 2 points for a win
 * 1 points for a draw

Final
The Leicester Tigers became the first team to win the competition more than once.

title: 2001–02 Heineken Cup


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Pezzetti di cavallo

Pezzetti di cavallo was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was transwiki to Wikibooks, cookbook section. Rossami 21:59, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

A rather bad recipe. Wikibooks or delete. Lyellin 13:14, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * I nominate this for BJAODN - and send it to the glue factory. -FZ 15:26, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, yum. One look at the title was all it took for me.  Delete, but not before opening a bottle of chianti.  Everyone knows that red wine goes marvelously with pezzetti di cavallo. - Lucky 6.9 17:32, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * BJAODN & delete. No doubt about it:  this one's a joke.  Add a liter of sauce for every *kg* of horse?  Is this for your army?  Geogre 18:00, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Not a joke: see this Italian web site. The horse article states that eating horse meat is more acceptable in some parts of the world. Move to Wikicookbook or whereever it is that lost recipes find their home. "Difficoltà: minima." Great! Even I can make it! Wile E. Heresiarch 23:14, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, the cooking is easy. It's getting Mister Ed to agree that's hard. Geogre 04:14, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Cool! Dinner's on Wile E. tonight, and he's making his famed "Gelding Fettucini!"  I'll bring the wine. :^P - Lucky 6.9 23:26, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki this distasteful-to-Americans recipe and delete. -- Cyrius|✎ 05:46, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Transwiki and delete. But I'll know what to do with the next pony who pisses me off.  Dukeofomnium 13:53, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Siege

Siege
(Contested -- July 6)

This was last week's Article of the Week. (I worked on it, so that makes it a self nom, I suppose). It's extremely informative and well written. Includes multiple pictures, and has been read by many pairs of eyes. →Raul654 20:58, Jul 6, 2004 (UTC) (info: Article_of_the_week/History)
 * Object. That picture of the Siege of Leningrad still lacks copyright info.  I've dropped a note on the talk page of the user who uploaded it, but I'd like to get it resolved. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 21:01, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I had a feeling this was going to come up. For the sake of expediency, I have removed the image in question. →Raul654 21:07, Jul 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. Great article! 1) I found the start of one paragraph in the lead section quite confusing: "the great Swedish white-elephant fortification of Karlsborg was completed in 1869. One single fortified stronghold, whatever the scale (Karlsborg was conceived as a reserve capital for Sweden), was no longer decisive." — could we reword and add a little more detail to make this a little clearer? 2) In the "Mongol" section, there's a huge quote, and it's not primarily about sieges per se (although it's discussed) ; could this quote be either trimmed down drastically, or summarised ourselves, or both? 3) The article could do with a little more illustration, and I'm sure we can easily find material: for example, in the "New styles of fortresses employed" subsection, we might be able to find an image or diagram of a fortress that's has one of these designs against cannon fire; also one or two pictures of things like glacis, siege towers and so on would really spice up the article. 4) Are there any recent examples of sieges that could be mentioned? The most recent one in the article (unless I missed something) is the battle of Khe Sanh (1968). — Matt 22:46, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I shortened the Mongol section and removed off-topic info. I also refactored the modern seieges paragraph to make it more on-topic. →Raul654 22:38, Jul 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Re: More modern sieges - I don't think it'd be bragging to say a know a fair amount about the history of modern warfare, and I honestly can't think of a single clearcut example of a more modern siege than Khe Sahn. You could put forth arguements for the fighting in Tora Bora, Afghanistan and Fallujah, Iraq, but those are stretching the definition a great deal. →Raul654 23:40, Jul 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Sure, I've struck that objection. — Matt 23:49, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * As per the objection below, I have added a picture of Cahir Castle. →Raul654 00:19, Jul 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * PS - I have also added a diagram of a Vauban fortress. →Raul654 07:21, Jul 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. This article looks great, but I have some objections. You'll have my support once these are fixed (or when I'm convinced my objections are invalid) Jeronimo 22:43, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Only a few sieges are named specifically. I know there's a list of sieges, but some of the really famous sieges could be addressed in this article. Which sieges brought "breaktroughs" or "records" in the field of sieging? Any major sieges that failed?
 * Is there any way to give an indication about how successful sieges have been through the ages? I'm not asking for percentages, just a general indication? Did nearly all of them fail or succeed, or was it more fifty-fifty? How did this evolve? Parts of these are already present in the text, but may it could be more explicit?
 * It would be clearer to state the links in full, rather than just linking the city that was besieged. Battle of Dien Bien Phu is much clearer than battle of Dien Bien Phu, which suggests it links to an article about the city, not the battle.
 * "The battles of Dien Bien Phu (1954) and Khe Sanh (1968)" - how is this confusing in the least? It specifically says "The battles of". If there were only one listed there, it would make sense to link the whole phrase, but since there is more than one, this is the best way to do it. →Raul654 22:48, Jul 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't agree, but I'll not make this a problem, and will strike my objection on this point.Jeronimo 07:12, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * In the lead section, there's talk of nations under siege, but this topic isn't really addressed in the remainder of the article. Some more words might be spent on this.
 * I have refactored that section as per Matt's objection above. →Raul654 22:49, Jul 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * OK. Jeronimo 07:12, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * There's an image of a trebuchet as a siege-breaking instrument; it would be interesting to have an photo of a fortification (perhaps de Krak des Chevaliers, or some other famous castle?). This is not part of my objection, merely a suggestion.
 * Picture of Cahir Castle added. →Raul654 00:19, Jul 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Great. Jeronimo 07:12, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * First of all, I'd like to thank everyone who worked on this. I nominated it because I thought it would be an interesting article, and you didn't disappoint.  That said, it needs a certain something.  1) There's very little specific about medieval or especially pre-medieval sieges. 2) The extended section about specific types of fortifications in "Marshall Vauban" cries out for a diagram. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 23:10, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * My addition of two pictures (one of Cahir Castle and a diagram of a Vauban fortress) should eliminated your 2nd objection. →Raul654 07:23, Jul 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * Well done! I think I can support now, though I still wouldn't mind seeing more specific info/description on pre-medieval sieges. Support. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 13:28, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Object (easy to fix) - the lead section is too long for an article of this size (well any size since a max of three paras is recommended). I suggest some condensing (the current lead is the length I would expect to find under a ==Siege warfare== section at warfare). --mav 10:31, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Intro concise-ified. →Raul654 06:26, Jul 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * Much better - support. --mav 02:10, 13 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. — Matt 02:07, 13 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:List of banks of Moldova

haaa? The official name of the city is in Romanian so Chişinău. Why is it Kishinev prefered (the russian version)? --Danutz

title: Talk:List of banks of Moldova


text:
41 Squadron SAAF

41 Squadron is a light transport squadron of the South African Air Force. It was formed in 1940, it is currently based at AFB Waterkloof.

World War II
41 Squadron was formed at AFS Waterkloof on 16 October 1940 as an army co-operation squadron equipped with the Hawker Hartbees aircraft, serving in East Africa. On 1 September 1941 the squadron received a number of Curtiss Mohawks and these were grouped into "41 Squadron Fighter Detachment" – this detachment was later transferred to 3 Squadron. The squadron remained behind in Abyssinia in 1942 when the rest of the South African forces moved into the Western Desert, with some Hurricanes being taken on strength in mid-1942.

By 1943 the squadron had been fully converted to Hurricane Mk Is and in April–May 1943 it moved from Kenya to Egypt, where it was re-equipped with Hurricane Mk IIBs. The squadron was used in a defensive role and was responsible for the air defence of central and eastern Egypt. The only offensive operation was a single fighter sweep over Crete on 23 July 1943.

In February 1944 the squadron received Spitfire Mk.IXs to supplement the Hurricanes and to permit high-altitude interceptions. All of the Hurricanes were replaced with Spitfire Mk V Cs in April 1944. By mid-April, the unit was made responsible for the air protection of Palestine and later moved to Palestine in August 1944. Its wartime role ended on 30 November 1944 when it was disbanded.

Later history
The squadron was reformed in January 1963 as the first Citizen Force part-time Army co-operation unit, flying Austers and later Cessna 185s from Grand Central Aerodrome. It was transferred back from army control to the SAAF in May 1973 when it was moved to AFB Swartkop. In February 1974 the squadron received Aermacchi AM.3 Bosbok's and in July 1976 the Aermacchi AL-60 Kudu (known as the Atlas C4M Kudu in South Africa), aircraft were added to the inventory. In 1988 the squadron was re-equipped with Cessna 208 Caravans. In 1996 Beechcraft King Airs were acquired from 21 and 35 Squadrons and a Pilatus PC-12 was added in July 1997.

Currently, the squadron is based at AFB Waterkloof and is responsible for routine air transport, air logistical support, landward airborne operations, routine air support and battlefield air support.

title: 41 Squadron SAAF


text:
Kerman

Kerman is a city in the Central District of Kerman County, Kerman province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district.

History
Kerman was founded as a defensive outpost, with the name Veh-Ardashir, by Ardashir I, founder of the Sasanian Empire, in the 3rd century AD. After the Battle of Nahāvand in 642, the city came under Muslim rule. At first the city's relative isolation allowed Kharijites and Zoroastrians to thrive there, but the Kharijites were wiped out in 698, and the population was mostly Muslim by 725. Already in the eighth century the city was famous for its manufacture of cashmere wool shawls and other textiles. The Abbasid Caliphate's authority over the region was weak, and power passed in the tenth century to the Buyid emirs. The region and city fell to Mahmud of Ghazni in the late tenth century. The name Kerman was adopted at some point in the tenth century. Under the rule of the Seljuk Turks in the 11th and 12th centuries, Kerman remained virtually independent, conquering Oman and Fars. When Marco Polo visited Kerman in 1271, it had become a major trade emporium linking the Persian Gulf with Khorasan and Central Asia. Subsequently, however, the city was sacked many times by various invaders. Kerman expanded rapidly during the Safavid dynasty. Carpets and rugs were exported to England and Germany during this period. In 1793 Lotf Ali Khan defeated the Qajars, and in 1794 he captured Kerman. But soon after he was besieged in Kerman for six months by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar. When the city fell to Agha Mohammad Khan, angered by the popular support that Lotf Ali Khan had received, many of the male inhabitants were killed or blinded, and a pile was made out of 20,000 detached eyeballs and poured in front of the victorious Agha Mohammad Khan. Many women and children were sold into slavery, and in 90 days the city turned into ruins. However, the Zoroastrians of Kerman who had been strong supporters of Lotf Ali Khan suffered the wrath of the founder of Qajar dynasty the most during this period.The present city of Kerman was rebuilt in the 19th century to the northwest of the old city, but the city did not return to its former size until the 20th century.

Ethnicity and religion
The people of Kerman are Persians, and most are Muslim. Kerman is a religious conservative city. Kerman has a small Zoroastrian minority.

Population
The population of the city in 1996 was 385,000. At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 496,684 in 127,806 households. The following census in 2011 counted 534,441 people in 147,922 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 537,718 people in 162,677 households.

It is the largest and most developed city in the province and one of the most important cities in southeastern Iran. It is also one of the largest cities of Iran in terms of area. Kerman is famous for its long history and strong cultural heritage. The city is home to many historic mosques and Zoroastrian fire temples. Kerman has been the capital city of Iranian dynasties several times during its history. It is located on a large, flat plain, 800 km (500 mi) south-east of Tehran, the capital of Iran.

Population development
Some of these figures are estimates only, official census results are indicated with (¹). ¹ official census results

Surrounding municipalities
Northwest = Anar/North = Ravar/Northeast = Shahdad/West = Rafsanjan/Center = Kerman/South = Jiroft/Southwest = Sirjan/Southeast = Mahan/East = Bam

Kerman is located on a high margin of Kavir-e Lut (Lut Desert) in the south-central part of Iran. The city is surrounded by mountains. Kerman is also located along the Saheb Al Zaman mountain. The city is 1,755 m (5,758 ft) above sea level, making it third in elevation among provincial capitals in Iran. Winter brings very cold nights to Kerman. Mountains in the south and southeast Jftan Joopar and Plvar and Kerman have snow all year round. Kerman is located at latitude 30.29 and longitude 57.06.

Climate
Kerman has a cold desert climate (BWk, according to the Köppen climate classification), with hot summers and cool to cold winters. Precipitation is scarce throughout the year.

The city's many districts are surrounded by mountains. The northern part of the city is located in an arid desert area, while the highland of the southern part of the city enjoys a more moderate climate.

The city of Kerman has a moderate climate. The average annual rainfall is 148 mm. Otherwise, its climate is relatively cool (by Iranian standards).

Geological characteristics
For Iranian paleontologists, Kerman has always been considered a fossil paradise. The discovery of new dinosaur footprints in 2005 renewed hopes for better understanding the history of this area.

Government
Politics in Kerman are influenced by the former President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, his brother and Vice President Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani and Hossein Marashi, both from nearby Rafsanjan. Mohammad Javad Bahonar was born in Kerman. He was an Iranian scholar, Shiite theologian and politician who served as the Prime minister of Iran from 15to 30August 1981 when he was assassinated by Mujahedin-e-Khalq (MEK).

Economy
The economy of Kerman is mostly based on farming, notably nut farming and also mining.Pistachios are an important part of the economy in Kerman.

Carpet weaving is one of the main industries of the city, and the carpets produced there are renowned internationally. Carpet weaving is a very old tradition in Kerman. The oldest carpet discovered in Kerman, dates from about 500 years ago. Cotton textiles and goats-wool shawls are also manufactured.

A number of modern establishments such as textile mills and brickworks also have been constructed. The province's mineral wealth includes copper and coal.

Culture

The only Iranian anthropology museum dedicated to Zoroastrianism is located in the Kerman's Fire Temple, showcasing the ancient history of Zoroastrians. The idea of launching the museum along with the library of Kerman's Zoroastrian Society came to light in 1983, when the head of the society, Parviz Vakhashouri, and the former head of the library, Mehran Gheibi, collected cultural heritage artifacts of Kerman's Zoroastrian community. These two officials added many other objects to this collection. The museum was officially inaugurated during Jashn-e Tirgan in 2005 by Iran's Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization (ICHHTO).

Jashn-e Tirgan or Tiregan is an ancient Iranian rain festival observed on July 1. The festivity refers to archangel Tir (literally meaning arrow) or Tishtar (lightning), who appear in the sky to generate thunder and lightning for providing much needed rain.

The Sadeh ceremony is celebrated every year in Kerman.

Also, the archeological ancient areas of Jiroft and Tappe Yahya Baft are located south of Kerman. Rayen Castle is also located in Rayen town, southeast of Kerman.

Some of the handicrafts and souvenirs of the province of Kerman are traditional embroidery known as pateh, carpets, rugs, jajeems, kilims (a coarse carpet), satchels, and other hand woven articles. Caraway seeds and pistachios from Rafsanjan, Zarand, and Kerman are best of the main items of this province.

Sport
The city is home to athletic teams representing different sports. Mes Kerman is the major football team of the city. It was promoted to Iran's top league, the Persian Gulf Pro League, in the 2005–06 season. The team is named after and sponsored by Kerman's copper industries. This team has a history of participating in the AFC Champions League. The team now competes in the Azadegan League.

 * MES handball team is in the top league.
 * MES cycling team is in the top league of cycling in the country.
 * MES chess team is in the first league of the country.
 * The city's baseball team, known as the Boshra Baseball Academy, won the country's baseball cup for the first time in 2013.

Kerman sport venues

 * 15,000-seat Shahid Bahonar Stadium
 * 30,000-seat dedicated MES soccer team stadium (under construction)
 * Salimi Kia Stadium
 * Sports Complex of Imam Ali
 * Sirch Ski Resort
 * International Kart racing track

Media
Kerman is the media hub of the Kerman Province. Newspapers are published in the city, such as Kerman Emruz (Kerman Today) and Bidari. Hadis–Pasargad is a weekly newspaper. Kerman has a 24-hour TV channel known as the Kerman Channel or Channel 5. The city also has a radio station.

Transportation
Kerman is on the Tehran, Bandar Abbas and Zahedan route. Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani Airport is considered one of Iran's main airports. It has daily and weekly flights to Tehran, Ahwaz, Yazd, Esfahan, Bandar Abbas, Mashhad and Shiraz. Also, the Trans-Iranian Railway passes through this city. Kerman's newly built bus terminus, Adineh, opened in May 2013.

Metro and Tram
Kerman's Metro had been approved by the government cabinet and was meant to cover large parts of the metropolitan area in Kerman, but the project's operations were cancelled due to several issues.

Chabahar–Zahedan Railway
In May 2016, during Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's trip to Iran, agreement was signed to develop two berths at Port of Chabahar and to build new Chabahar–Zahedan railway, as part of North–South Transport Corridor, by Indian Railways' public sector unit Ircon International.

Health
The city has hospitals.

Colleges and universities

 * Kerman Azad University
 * Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman is one of technological institutions of Kerman province
 * Kerman University of Medical Sciences is the a medical university
 * Kerman Graduate University of Technology is a graduate-level degree-granting institution.
 * Shahid Chamran Technical College of Kerman
 * Payam Noor University of Kerman
 * Kerman Khaje-Nasir Higher Education Center

Notable people

 * Al-Mahani (9th century mathematician and astronomer)
 * Khwaju Kermani (14th century poet from the 14th century)
 * Shah Nimatullah Wali (14th century Sufi Master and poet)
 * Ganj Ali Khan (16th century Kurdish governor of Kerman.
 * Mirza Reza Kermani (Iranian revolutionary who assassinated the Shah of Persia)
 * Qasem Soleimani (Commander of the Qods Force, a division of the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps)
 * Mohammad Javad Bahonar (the Prime minister of Iran from 15 to 30 August 1981 when he was assassinated by Mujahideen-e Khalq)
 * Mohammad-Reza Bahonar (the conservative First Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Iran)
 * Mohammad Mehdi Zahedi (the former Iranian minister of Science and Technology and Mathematics full professor)
 * Majid Namjoo (Iranian politician who was the Minister of Energy in the 9th government)
 * Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi
 * Houshang Moradi Kermani (writer)
 * Keikhosrow Shahrokh
 * Peyman Soltani, conductor of Melal Orchestra
 * Saeed Nafisi (writer)
 * Arash Borhani (soccer player)
 * Zahra Nemati (paralympic archery gold medalist at the 2012 Summer Paralympics, 2016 Summer Paralympics, 2020 Summer Paralympics)
 * Roohollah Khaleghi
 * Ali Movahedi-Kermani
 * Mahnaz Afkhami (women's rights activist )
 * Ahmad Madani (Iranian politician, Commander of Iranian Navy (1979))
 * Javad Nurbakhsh, previous Master of the Nimatullahi Sufi Order)
 * Ahmadreza Ahmadi
 * Mozzafar Baghai
 * Ali Akbar Abdolrashidi
 * Parviz Shahriari (mathematician, author, translator and political activist)
 * Tahereh Saffarzadeh, poet and writer
 * Yahya Kamalipour was born in 1947 in the city of Ravar in Kerman province. He had the idea of starting a global media magazine in his mind since 1999 and before he became the director of the communications department. In that year, he shared his idea with the then director of the communication group, but he did not show much interest in this project.  But when he was appointed to manage the communication group, he was able to implement this idea and in the fall of 2002, the first edition of the World Media Magazine was placed on the Internet

Twin towns – sister cities

 * 🇦🇲 Armavir, Armenia

title: Kerman


text:
Talk:Torch Song Trilogy

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Three-act play, or three one-act plays?
It's either a play in three acts, or three one-act plays; calling it three plays "presented in" three acts is absurd. 2.45.82.98 (talk) 21:43, 23 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Torch Song Trilogy


text:
44 Squadron SAAF

44 Squadron SAAF is a squadron of the South African Air Force. It is currently a light transport squadron.

 * First formed: 12 March 1944 (at RAF Cairo West airfield, Egypt).  The squadron flew Dakota DC3's as part of No. 216 Group RAF of the Mediterranean Allied Air Forces in May 1945
 * Historic aircraft flown: Avro Anson, Dakota, Douglas DC-4, C-47TP
 * Made a huge contribution during the border war, where members of 44 Squadron which was based at Air Force Base Swartkop in Pretoria fulfilled their duties at Air Force Base Ondangwa in South West Africa by flying rum-runs to border bases, transporting equipment, troops, visitors, paratrooping, flying patrols at night and many more. The Squadron at Ondangwa also flew the ambulance Dakota and the 20mm gunship named 'Dragon".
 * 44 Squadron at Air Force Base Swartkop mainly flew three aircraft, DC4 Skymaster, DC3 Dakota and Viscount.

title: 44 Squadron SAAF


text:
Model M keyboard

Model M keyboards are a group of computer keyboards designed and manufactured by IBM starting in 1985, and later by Lexmark International, Maxi Switch, and Unicomp. The keyboard's different variations have their own distinct characteristics, with the vast majority having a buckling-spring key design and uniform profile, swappable keycaps. Model M keyboards are notable among computer enthusiasts and frequent typists due to their durability, typing-feel consistency, and their tactile and auditory feedback.

The popularity of the IBM PC and its successors made the Model M's design influential: Almost all later general-purpose computer keyboards mimicked its key layout and other aspects of its ergonomics. The layout was standardized by ISO in 1994 and ANSI in 1998, with minor additions—most notably the Windows key and Menu key.

The Model M is regarded as a classic and durable piece of hardware. Although the computers and computer peripherals produced concurrently with them are considered obsolete, many Model M keyboards are still in use due to their physical durability and the continued validity of their ANSI 101-key and ISO 102-key layouts, through the use of a PS/2-female-to-USB-male adapter with a built-in level converter. Since their original popularity, new generations have discovered their unique functionality and aesthetics.

It is estimated that during the IBM and Lexmark years, over 10 million Model Ms were shipped. Their mass-market success ended in the 1990s amid an industry-wide switchover to lower-cost rubber dome over membrane keyboards. IBM stopped producing the Model M keyboard in 1996.

History

The Model M keyboard was designed to be less expensive to produce than the Model F keyboard it replaced. Principal design work was done at IBM in 1983–1984, drawing on a wide range of user feedback, ergonomic studies, and examination of competing products. Its key layout, significantly different from the Model F's, owed much (including notably the inverted-T arrangement of its arrow keys) to the LK-201 keyboard shipped with the VT220 serial terminal.

Production of Model M keyboards began in 1985. They were often bundled with new IBM computers. While today primarily associated with the IBM PC and its successors, it actually first shipped with the 3161 terminal and was deployed across several other IBM product lines as well, notably including the 5250 terminal and the RS/6000.

They were produced at IBM plants in Lexington, Kentucky; Greenock, Scotland; and Guadalajara, Mexico. The most common variant is the IBM Enhanced Keyboard identified by IBM assembly part number 1391401, the U.S. English layout keyboard bundled with the IBM Personal System/2. Until around 1993, most Model Ms included a coiled, detachable cable, with either an AT (pre-1987) or PS/2 connector, in 5- and 10-foot lengths (1.5 and 3 meters). From about 1994 onwards, flat non-detachable cables were used to reduce manufacturing costs; however, IBM retained its 101-key layout, never implementing the Microsoft Windows keys common on other keyboards from that time. Unicomp later designed a 104-key Model M with Windows keys.

On March 27, 1991, IBM divested a number of its hardware manufacturing operations, including keyboard production, forming Lexmark International. Lexmark continued manufacturing Model M keyboards in the United States, United Kingdom, and Mexico, with IBM as their major customer. Many of these keyboards are identified by IBM assembly part numbers 52G9658, 52G9700, 71G4644, 82G2383, and 42H1292, which were bundled with IBM PS/ValuePoint and IBM PC Series.

Over the next four years, cost pressure led to several minor design changes intended to lower the part and fabrication costs of Lexmark Model Ms. The case and metal backplate were repeatedly lightened. The cable jack and detachable SDL cable were replaced with a fixed cable. Some variants were made with a single color for key legends.

In 1995 Lexmark made the most sweeping design change in the Model M's history, altering the size and location of the internal controller board. While the new "press-fit" design successfully lowered manufacturing costs by eliminating the two ribbon cables and separate LED daughterboard of older versions, the controller's new card-edge connector proved to be a failure point that shortened the keyboard's average lifetime. The classic era of the Model M is generally considered to have ended with this change, though a few on the older pattern continued to be made at Greenock and Guadalajara until 1999. Relatively few press-fit model Ms have survived.

During the Lexmark years, a few Model M variants were manufactured with rubber-dome key switches rather than buckling springs. Due to these switches' comparatively short durability, few of these variants have survived. Despite their rarity, today's enthusiasts and collectors do not value them nearly as highly as the more common buckling-spring variants.

A five-year agreement obligating IBM to purchase nearly all of its keyboards from Lexmark expired on March 27, 1996. Lexmark exited the keyboard business, selling related assets to IBM and Maxi Switch. When Lexmark discontinued keyboard production in April 1996, IBM continued producing buckling-spring Model M's in Scotland until 1999. Maxi Switch purchased assets for rubber-dome keyboards and the Lexmark Select-Ease Keyboard (model M15), including a buckling-spring switch patent. They continued to manufacture the IBM Enhanced Keyboard with TrackPoint II (model M13) in Mexico until 1998.

Some of Lexmark's keyboard manufacturing assets were also sold to a group of Lexmark employees, who formed Unicomp whose basic version of the Model M was similar to part number 42H1292, first renamed 42H1292U and later the Customizer. There have been other configurations, including updated 104- and 105-key layouts; a Unix layout (where the Ctrl, Caps Lock, Esc, and tilde keys are transposed); models with integrated pointing sticks and trackballs; and POS-specific models such as those with built-in magstripe readers. All used the press-fit controller characteristic of late Lexmarks.

Unicomp continued to use the original IBM machinery to produce Model Ms, leading to a gradual decline in quality as the tooling became worn. This, and various problems with their USB controllers helped keep a market for vintage Model Ms thriving. In 2020 Unicomp replaced its tooling and shipped a "New Model M" with noticeably improved build quality that more closely resembles the classic 1391401 (though with a 104- or 103-key layout and USB); many older variants are no longer sold on Unicomp's website and some still on sale have been deprecated.

Variations
The Model M's numerous variations (referred to as "part numbers") incorporated alternative features and/or colors. One of the more sought after variants of the Model M keyboard is the Space Saving Keyboard, which integrates the number pad into the keyboard's main section, substantially reducing its width. The Space Saving Keyboard is likely the origin of the keyboard layout that is generally known as a "Tenkeyless keyboard."

IBM released the standard and Space Saving Model M's in an alternative 'gray/pebble' color for use with their Industrial computers, designed to conceal discoloration from handling in production environments. Other variable features include a grounded spacebar and, on some later models, drainage holes to deter damage from spilled liquids.

The M2 was a late Lexmark variation issued under cost pressure from competing rubber-dome keyboards. Some revisions used rubber-dome switches; others retained buckling springs. All had a much thinner, lighter case and discarded the metal backplate. It can easily be distinguished from the original Model M design by its flat, unsculpted front case section; also the manufacturing label, if present, says "M2" rather than "M." M2s were poorly fabricated and notoriously unreliable; comparatively few survived into the 21st century, and Model M enthusiasts do not value them.

The M2 should in turn be distinguished from the M5, another Lexmark variant which returned to the rugged Model M case/backplate construction but added a built-in trackball; and those two from the M13, which was also built like rugged Model Ms but featured a pointing stick. The M5 and M13 designs are still carried by Unicomp in 2021 under the names Trackball Classic and Endura Pro.

Design
The variant most commonly referred to as "Model M" is Part No. 1391401, on which many other variants were based. This model, known as the Enhanced Keyboard, included IBM's patented buckling spring design and swappable keycaps.

The Model M's design has been widely praised as durable and reliable, and has remained basically the same since the 1980s, while virtually all other computing hardware, from PCs to monitors to mice, has changed dramatically. Thanks to the M's design, including its heavy steel backplate and strong plastic frame, many early Model M Keyboards are still functional--with no modification--nearly four decades later.

The Model M's buckling spring key design specification gives it a unique feel and sound. Unlike more common and lower-end rubber dome designs, buckling springs give users a notable tactile and auditory feedback. Because of its more defined touch, some users report they can type faster and more accurately on the Model M than on other keyboards. Additionally, many model M enthusiasts believe that tactile-feedback keyboards like the model M reduce stress on the hands, preventing or even reversing Repetitive Strain Injury. Significant pressure is required to press the keys, and a pronounced sound results to help typists previously trained on typewriters who had become accustomed to that level of feedback. This resulted in the Model M sometimes being referred to as the "clicky keyboard."

Unlike competitors such as Cherry and Alps-style key switches, buckling-spring key switches do not have a plunger part with sliding surfaces that can be fouled by contaminants, allowing the keyboard to have an extended lifetime.

Until the late fourth-generation variants, most Model Ms were manufactured with a 1.25" slotted, circular speaker grille in their bottom surfaces. Relatively few contain an actual speaker, however, which was useful only for sounding beep codes on older terminal systems. The most common P/Ns with speakers are 1394540 and 51G872, made for RS/6000 UNIX workstations.

Model Ms have been manufactured to quite a number of different interface and connector standards, some of which (such as the 5-pin DIN used on 5250 terminals) are poorly documented and have had to be reverse-engineered by enthusiasts. Early variants shipped with the PC XT and AT used connectors specific to those systems. After the introduction of the PS/2 most shipped with a connector for a PS/2 port; these included the 1391401. Unicomp introduced support for USB.

Older model Ms used a detachable cable with an SDL connector on the keyboard, later Lexmark and Unicomp variants used a fixed cable, and one very recent variant from Unicomp has a detachable cable with an uncommon locking variant of the USB Type A jack on the keyboard.

Features by part number
Layout types:
 * 101 – ANSI layout, the model M's original.
 * 102 – International layout with additional key between Z and a half-sized left shift, AltGr in place of right Alt, usually with ISO-style long Enter.
 * 103 – ANSI layout with one Super key and one Menu key, long spacebar.
 * 104 – ANSI layout plus two Windows keys and one Menu key, short spacebar.
 * 122 – IBM terminal layout with extra function keys and left-side function pad.
 * 84 – Tenkeyless version of the 101-key ANSI layout.
 * 87 – Tenkeyless version of the 104-key ANSI layout.

Logo position legend:

 * LC – Left Corner
 * RC – Right Corner
 * LLC – Lower Left Corner
 * LRC – Lower Right Corner
 * ULC – Upper Left Corner
 * URC – Upper Right Corner
 * LLP – Lock-Light Panel

Click [show] to display the table's contents.

Note: Manufacture dates are approximate.

title: Model M keyboard


text:
Talk:Isle of Sheppey

sheppeyscum.com
[from my talk]

Hello, can you please clarify why a site which states "Some aspects of this site may offend the weak minded, especially the weak minded amongst the Sheppey natives, which is just about all of them. If you are squeamish or easily upset then we suggest you choose not to enter this site. You should probably go fuck yourself instead." is useful info on the island? Anárion 12:50, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Because it's by far the best-known site on Sheppey. Also #1 hit on Google. Leaving it out of the article would be ridiculous. - David Gerard 13:25, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * By that logic the Dubya article should link to http://www.bushorchimp.com/ . The links, if kept in, should be marked as anti-Sheppey and generally hostile. Anárion 13:51, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I didn't realise bushorchimp was quite so popular ;-) Hopefully the present marking is OK - David Gerard 13:58, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I don't think we need a link to a site that looks like it's been written by a disgruntled teenager whose mummy won't let him use the car to go somewhere exciting. DJ Clayworth 15:43, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Said site is just about the only fame Sheppey has. One could pretend otherwise, but one would nevertheless just be pretending - David Gerard 15:50, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * There are two other sites on the page, and they will do fine. Also worth remembering that there is only one thing worse than no information, and that is wrong information. DJ Clayworth 17:17, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * May as well stick my oar in. I've once again removed the "Sheppeyscum" link.  The only reason for an article to have an external link is if it is a home site or contains valuable information that cannot be easily included in the article itself.  This site does not meet those criteria and, besides, is poorly written and offensive.  If it was about a country, instead of a district, it would be considered racist. Deb 21:12, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

It's not informative as such, but it's meant to be humourous (hey, humour is a matter of individual taste), not informative anyway. Links to humourous sites, parodies etc. are allowed (e.g. the CamperStrike game on the Counter-Strike article), why not Sheppeyscum? Just keep it and put a 'warning, offensive' label on it. 16:52, 3 January 2006 - VJ Emsi

All historic now - sheppeyscum.com now points to a cybersquatter advertising porm. Brunnian (talk) 20:15, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

Who in the hell let Sheppeyscum go down? I'm in America trying to show it to a friend and it's gone! That thing used to put us in tears as my wife is originally from that ungodly shithole. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.225.144.145 (talk) 00:18, 24 November 2011 (UTC)

Sheppey Link site
Is that site really 'anti-Sheppey'? It looks more anti-the council, if anything - David Gerard 14:02, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * quote; Said site is just about the only fame Sheppey has. One could pretend otherwise, but one would nevertheless just be pretending - David Gerard 15:50, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Given this is so why do we need an article of Sheppy at all?, Just Delete the whole page confidant in the knowledge that Sheppey has no other fame. If not then no justification for the link can be made. Remove the link.. Faedra 08:12, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Incorrect map display
Maybe it's my computer, but I don't see any of Kent on that map as it displays in this article. Nurg 02:56, 13 August 2006 (UTC)

Local Radio
This section is far from encyclopedic: it looks more like a message from involved individuals to the wider world, and thus comes perilously close to being promotional. I'd rather leave those who have an interest in it to try to bring it into line rather than wield an editorial axe myself: I'd be very tempted to make swingeing cuts to it... Kevin McE 00:50, 27 September 2006 (UTC)
 * More than 2 months later, and it looks no better. Do those who have an interest in this part of the article want to bring it more into line with Wiki standards? Kevin McE 19:24, 4 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Still "enthusiastcruft" at best: are any of these stations actually broadcasting? Is there a certain schedule for when they will?  If not, I move that this is speculation, and the whole section should be deleted. Kevin McE 10:32, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree. Go on Kevin - delete this lot. JonnyH 21:15, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

 * More than a year after suggesting that those interested in this section tidy it up, with no defence of its value to the article having appeared here, I've radically edited it. Kevin McE 16:08, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

Foot Tunnel
I find this really hard to believe, so I'd be very interested to see some evidence of the existence of this tunnel posted. JonnyH 10:55, 1 October 2006 (UTC)

 * I have it on the authority of senior official at Sheerness docks, although I have not been able to find an internet reference (but hey! Who is going to write a web page about a tunnel that no-one has been able to use for several decades?)Kevin McE 23:31, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Ah but ... That's just one man's word. Can he refer to evidence of any sort: a document, a bricked-up entrance on either side?  This sounds seriously anecdotal, or else like a joke.  The construction of such a feature beneath the mouth of the River Medway would have been a SERIOUS undertaking.  I know that in wartime all sorts of serious things were done, but there must be some evidence for something like this.  JonnyH 15:30, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Sounds Napoleonic or even Palmerston, see other article on forts around the Medway for either time frame. i do have book on the subject back at home which I'll dig up sometime but even that IIRC says there were rumours of tunnels linking the forts around the Medway towns, and IIRC didn't go into much depth about Sheppy or the hoo peninsular Pickle 21:43, 6 March 2007 (UTC)

 * What does 'IIRC' mean? And I still don't believe any of this.  JonnyH 14:08, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I'll answer my own question. Apparently it's 'If I Recall Correctly'.  Hmmm.
 * I'm going to remove this foot tunnel thing if we don't get any verification soon. JonnyH 21:12, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Let's just keep the tunnel under wraps until we have some evidence. It's best to keep rumour at bay. JonnyH 14:33, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Ermmm: it was removed 4 days ago. Kevin McE 17:56, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

How high is the Sheppey Crossing?
Contradicting articles - 35m vs 20m for the height of Sheppey Crossing

This article says:

"The Sheppey crossing ... rises to a height of 20 m above The Swale"

Sheppey Crossing article says:

"The Sheppey Crossing ... crosses The Swale at a height of 35m"

One is nearly double the other.

Both are uncited anyone know which is correct and/or cite source. Carlwev (talk) 10:46, 21 December 2007 (UTC)

 * BBC reference says 35m. Highways agency reference says 29m. I'm inclined to favour the latter as being a more 'primary' source. Murray Langton (talk) 13:39, 18 April 2008 (UTC)

Plagiarism?
Is it me, or is this entire entry lifted word for word from http://www.kentfind.co.uk/about/sheppey/history.php

Maybe it is the other way round, but surely one of the sites should be acknowledging the other.

62.253.200.30 (talk) 11:56, 6 August 2008 (UTC)DD

Automated Peer Review
The following suggestions were generated by a semi-automatic javascript program, and might not be applicable for the article in question. You may wish to browse through User:AndyZ/Suggestions for further ideas. Thanks, FM [ talk to me  |  show contributions  ]  20:12, 22 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Please expand the lead to conform with guidelines at Lead. The article should have an appropriate number of paragraphs as is shown on WP:LEAD, and should adequately summarize the article.[?]
 * Per Wikipedia:Context and Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates), months and days of the week generally should not be linked. Years, decades, and centuries can be linked if they provide context for the article.[?]
 * As per Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates), dates shouldn't use th; for example, instead of (if such appeared in the article) using January 30th was a great day, use January 30 was a great day.[?]
 * Watch for redundancies that make the article too wordy instead of being crisp and concise. (You may wish to try Tony1's redundancy exercises.)
 * Vague terms of size often are unnecessary and redundant - “some”, “a variety/number/majority of”, “several”, “a few”, “many”, “any”, and “all”. For example, “ All pigs are pink, so we thought of a number of ways to turn them green.”
 * As done in WP:FOOTNOTE, footnotes usually are located right after a punctuation mark (as recommended by the CMS, but not mandatory), such that there is no space in between. For example, the sun is larger than the moon [2]. is usually written as the sun is larger than the moon.[2][?]
 * Please ensure that the article has gone through a thorough copyediting so that it exemplifies some of Wikipedia's best work. See also User:Tony1/How to satisfy Criterion 1a.[?]

 * Remark - the CMS advocates a very specifically US English style and violates WP:LQ (and thus jeopardizes WP:VERIFY), which is entirely unacceptable. There is no major MoS which runs against the rules and spirit of Wikipedia as much as the CMS. Dysmorodrepanis (talk) 03:21, 5 August 2009 (UTC)

Dispute warning
The source is very low-quality. Please use the actual scientific paper instead. The fossil was not unearthed "[in] 2008 [by] a team of palaeontologists" but found at an unknown date "a few years [before 2008]". And so on. Dysmorodrepanis (talk) 03:21, 5 August 2009 (UTC)

Sheppeyish language - c1700
anything on the (implausible) rumour that until around 1700-1800 a distinct language or dialect was spoken on Sheppey, unintelligible to Londoners ? a variant of Dutch or Frisian is often conjectured - is this possible ? how ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 155.198.18.165 (talk) 12:44, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

Dutch occupation of 1667
Updated/ corrected this.

Sheppey is not the the most recent place in Mainland Britain to be invaded.

i. First of all it is not part of "mainland" Britain. It is not part of the island of Great Britain- (it is a natural island off the coast of Great Britain). (Although granted for legal purposes, "Great Britain" can include, the islands bridged with Britain like Sheppey, Skye, Anglesey and even ones unbridged with Britain, e.g. Isle of Wight or Mull- but geographically it is separate. More importantly the point is arguable so the claim shouldn't be made.

ii. A part of what is now the UK has been invaded/ occupied more recently parts of Pembrokeshire by the French much later in any case- and we are talking here the part of Pembrokeshire located in Great Britain- not any of the other islands, e.g. Caldey.

iii. It could very well be that Sheppey is the most recent part of England, or even England & Scotland to be occupied by a foreign power. (Sorry not sure enough to make this point- probably a job there for someone to check sources).

iv. Just to nip a potential argument in the bud, Sheppey is clearly part of England and the United Kingdom. So it would not be trumped by examples such as the WWII occupations of many pieces British Sovereign territory and later the Falklands by Argentina- none of them were part of the UK. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 178.106.75.206 (talk) 22:54, 5 September 2013 (UTC)

Tremseth Bridge
I'm removing the whole paragraph about Tremseth Bridge. The original paragraph placed Tremseth bridge between Elmley and the mainland. The bridge was supposedly destroyed by a "tidal wave" during Edward I's reign. The source of the quotation is the website run by Queenborough Harbour citing Charles Igglesden. Unfortunately Igglesden's works do not appear to be on line, but this description of his "A Saunter Through Kent with Pen and Pencil" gives a flavour of the work.

Edward Hasted's "The The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent" or 1778-99 is recognised as an important source of information and a scholarly work. It has rather a different take on Tremseth Bridge:

... that there was formely a bridge leading from hence [Harty] into Shepey, then called Tremseth bridge, which had been broken down by a violent inundation of the sea, and the channel thereby made so deep, that a new one could not be laid; and therefore the inhabitants of Shepey, who before repaired it, maintained in the room of it two ferry-boats, to carry passengers to and fro. There is now no bridge here, and the fleet which divided this island from that of Shepey is become so very narrow, and has for several years past been so much filled up, that, excepting at high tides and overflow of the waters, Harty has ceased to have any appearance of an island.

Tremseth bridge was therefore an internal bridge within the Isles of Sheppey, not an external one to the mainland. Martin of Sheffield (talk) 19:43, 11 October 2015 (UTC)

is/are
I'm reverting this back to "are". The confusion comes from determining which noun the verb applies to. Is the main sense that "there is a number" or that "there are schools"? There is a number of schools... - and that number is 6. There are a number of schools... - and the schools are called Alpha, Beta and Gamma. I hope that clarifies it for you. Martin of Sheffield (talk) 12:48, 11 May 2017 (UTC)
 * There is a number of schools
 * There are several schools  Kevin McE (talk) 23:21, 11 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Your second version is correct and I have changed the main page accordingly. The fact that you can substitute "several" for "a number of" shows that the latter is an adjectival phrase which makes "schools" the object.  Regards, Martin of Sheffield (talk) 08:42, 12 May 2017 (UTC)
 * "There is a number of schools" is grammatically incorrect in British English, and in particular this was parodied by Sacha Baron Cohen in his guise as Ali G : "Iz it cos I is black?" and generally using the third person singular conjugation in all cases. Ritchie333 (talk) (cont)  12:40, 12 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I have no idea why you are trying to use 1st person singular errors to "prove" that 3rd person plural should be used. But there again given that the matter has been resolved on the page, and talk pages are meant to be about page content.  I can only conclude that you are sniffing around my edit history trying to pick arguments because we have been in dispute at another article.  Grow up. Kevin McE (talk) 17:03, 12 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm afraid its far more prosaic than that - this article, like Ashford, Kent, Faversham, and Mersea Island is on my radar to improve to good article status, when I can get the sources, as I think Sheppey gets a bad reputation for being full of chavs and druggies, (probably from everyone reading sheppyscum.com as suggested at the top of the talk page) which is rather wide of the mark as Minster Beach is quite nice IMHO. Plus in my real, off-wiki life I have appeared several times on Sheppey FM. Ritchie333 (talk) (cont)  17:31, 12 May 2017 (UTC)
 * In that case I retract and apologise: perhaps you can explain to Drmies that such things are possible. Kevin McE (talk) 18:05, 12 May 2017 (UTC)

Isle/island
Hi Kevin. I'm not about to start reverting, but your assertion that "other than in place names, word 'isle' is obsolete" is dubious. You don't give any idea about your background on your user page – is this perhaps a UK/US thing? "Isle of Sheppey" is meant to be in British English and "isle" is certainly still in use on this side of the pond. Regards, Martin of Sheffield (talk) 07:50, 9 October 2018 (UTC)
 * But isn't its use in 'Isle of Sheppey', and 'British Isles' etc, just proving his point? Roger 8 Roger (talk) 09:55, 9 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I'm sorry but I don't follow your line of reasoning. Clearly it is used in place names (as you mention), but where we disagree is that he claims all other uses are obsolete.  I would see nothing strange in "Sheppey is an isle off the coast of Kent".  It may be less common than "Sheppey is an island off the coast of Kent", but hardly "obsolete". Martin of Sheffield (talk) 12:45, 9 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Obsolete might have been overstating it (edit notes are brief), but it is so unusual as to be an extreme language choice as a common noun, and would need distinct justification. Usage is almost exclusively poetic rather than prose, except as part of a proper noun: Oxford Concise Dictionary (my own go-to) lists it specifically as poetic or part of place name. My approach is certainly not a US thing: in the 5 years I lived and worked on Sheppey I do not believe that I once heard "isle" used  as a common noun, nor can I remember it at any time in my 55 years as a user of UK English, other than in clearly poetic/archaic applications.  Kevin McE (talk) 23:14, 9 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I tend to agree with the above. When I read through the changes made, my first thought was that the word 'isle' had in some cases been used in the same way as 'island', and that sounded odd and needed to be changes as a matter of style, which is what had happened. Roger 8 Roger (talk) 02:04, 10 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Two interesting points: first in the ten years that I lived in Milton Regis I heard Sheppey referred to as "the isle" (though that may of course simply be a shortening of its formal name), and second the full OED has a slightly less prescriptive entry. The main definition is "A portion of land entirely surrounded by water; an island.  Now more usually applied to an island of smaller size, except in established appellations, as 'the British Isles'."  There is however small text note giving examples of various isles which at the bottom contains the phrase "As a common noun, island is the ordinary prose word".  I think that sums things up well.  The word is significantly less common than "island" and would refer to a small island, somewhere between an island and an islet, but certainly does not qualify as obsolete yet.  Martin of Sheffield (talk) 07:40, 10 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Isle of Sheppey


text:
User:Jamieo

Jamie O'Shaughnessy, UK.

title: User:Jamieo


text: Category:Venezuelan sportspeople

title: Category:Venezuelan sportspeople


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Mount St. Helens

Mount St. Helens
(Uncontested -- July 6)

I think this is a pretty exceptional article. Well written for the most part and well illustrated. The only involvement is have with this article (other than a few sp. fixes) is the addition of Image:NASAMtStHelensaerial.jpg. All images seem to be properly documented. Has just about everything I'd ever really want to know about Mount St. Helens. blankfaze | •• | •• 10:29, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Complete and deep.  195.167.169.36 11:02, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. And the separate 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption article seems feature-worthy on its own. Fredrik | talk 11:27, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Oh, I know! I was half-tempted to nominate them both!  But I figured one is good enough for now.  blankfaze | •• | •• 11:53, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. 1) Could do with a locator map, such as Image:LocMap CarlsbadCaverns.png. 2) The 1980 explosion is in the "Geologic" history section, when it would fit quite well be in the "Human" history section too; would it be best to have this as a separate section entirely? — Matt 18:49, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Disagree. I personally think this is a pretty lousy/petty reason to object.  This is a pretty high-quality article.  Better even than some articles that I've seen passed through here.  blankfaze | •• | •• 19:24, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm the person who wrote the pre-1980 geology history and I put the 1980 eruption text in that section since it is about geology. But even though I'm a main author of this article I must admit that some of the human history and later geology should be disentangled - the events as described in the geology section should concentrate on geology while the same events as described in the history section should concentrate on the human aspects. The human history section could also use some basic expansion as well. So I guess I must also object, but I will try to fix the problems sometime soon. Thanks for all the kind words everybody! :) --mav 03:58, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * OK - I've moved the human history text from the geology section. Changing my vote to accept but the article could use some more images (esp in history section). --mav 06:43, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Well written and complete. Second the feature-worthyness of 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption as well. Anárion 08:43, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. 1. The article states, "Mount St. Helens was named for British diplomat Alleyne Fitzherbert, whose title was Baron St. Helens." I would recommend something like "Mount St. Helens was named for a British diplomat, Alleyne Fitzherbert, Xth Baron St Helens" or "Mount St. Helens was named for Alleyne Fitzherbert, Xth Baron St Helens, a British diplomat." This removes the reference to the "title" of Baron St. Helens (strictly speaking, peerage dignities form a part of the name of their possessors, unlike, say, Mister). 2. Images need information: are they licensed under the GFDL, or are they public domain, or are they (one hopes not) fair use. (I presume that most, being works of the US Govt, public domain works, but the same must be indicated on the image pages.) Furthermore, the first section seems rather cluttered with images. - - Emsworth 02:57, Jul 11, 2004 (UTC)
 * OK - all fixed. --mav 05:07, 11 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Support. — Matt 23:23, 13 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text:
Keith Duffy

Keith Peter Thomas Francis Julian John Duffy (born 1 October 1974) is an Irish singer, actor, radio and television presenter and drummer who began his professional music career as part of Irish boy band Boyzone alongside Ronan Keating, Mikey Graham, Shane Lynch and Stephen Gately in 1993. The band decided to focus on solo projects in 2000 since which Duffy has taken acting roles in soap operas such as Coronation Street and Fair City. He has also presented The Box and You're a Star.

Duffy has been an autism awareness campaigner since his daughter was diagnosed with the condition at age 18 months, and acts as the patron for Irish Autism Action holding regular fundraising events and informational talks.

Duffy was the winner on the British reality series The Door in 2010 and came third in the first series of Celebrity Big Brother in 2001, and in the second series of Splash! in 2014.

Early life
Duffy was born on 1 October 1974 in Donaghmede, Dublin to parents Sean and Pat. He has an older brother, Derek, and a younger brother, John. He was raised Roman Catholic. As a young child he contracted pneumonia. He attended primary school at Belgrove National School and secondary school at Ardscoil Rís and Plunket's. Between the ages of 7 and 18 he played hurling and Gaelic football, representing the Dublin under 16 hurling team for three years. At the age of 16 he bought a drum kit and played in bands called Toledo Moon and This Burning Effigy. Duffy studied architecture for a year at college, before dropping out.

Career
Duffy first became aware of Boyzone after hearing auditions to become a member were being held. He was unsuccessful in securing an audition, but was later noticed by Louis Walsh (who became the band's manager ) whilst dancing in Dublin's POD Nightclub and was invited to audition. Duffy sang Billy Joel's "Piano Man" and danced to Right Said Fred's "I'm Too Sexy". He was chosen as one of the original members of the band. He played a backing role in Boyzone, with Ronan Keating and Stephen Gately handling the majority of lead vocals. In 1994, Duffy and fellow band member Shane Lynch were involved in a nearly fatal car crash; both survived without serious injuries. Boyzone performed together for the last time before their hiatus in Ireland at the Point Theatre during nine dates running from 3—8 January and 10—12 January 2000; they had sold more than 13 million records in total by this time and all sixteen of their singles had reached the top five of the UK Singles Chart. They also became the first Irish act to have four number one hits in the United Kingdom charts.

After Boyzone disbanded in 2000, Duffy teamed up with Shane Lynch and released their pop-rap version of "Girl You Know It's True" under the name Keith 'N' Shane. It was a top 40 hit in the UK, peaking at No. 36 in December 2000. Duffy's profile was raised as a result of his appearance on the first series of the UK's Celebrity Big Brother in 2001, where he finished third out of six, and on Lily Savage's Blankety Blank. In the same year, he appeared on the celebrity special in the fourth season of Fort Boyard alongside Tris Payne, Scott Wright, Sally Gray, and Nell McAndrew. He branched out to acting, most notably on the ITV soap opera Coronation Street as the character Ciaran McCarthy. What was meant to be a three-week stint on the show turned into three years from 2002 to 2005, with Duffy leaving the show to be closer to his family in Ireland.

The year 2005 saw Duffy take to the stage for the first time as Damien in the play Dandelions at Dublin's Olympia Theatre. Duffy also played the title role in The Wizard of Oz, staged at the Weymouth Pavilion in Weymouth, Dorset.

In May 2008, it was announced that Boyzone would return with their "Back Again... No Matter What" Tour which sold over 200,000 tickets within three hours. The tour began on 25 May 2008 at Belfast's Odyssey arena and finished at Carlisle Bitts Park on 23 August 2008. Duffy went on to play the part of James "Ringo" Leyden in 2008 in the Irish soap opera Fair City, with his character leaving the show in 2009. Boyzone then played their "Better" Tour, which was the last tour to feature member Stephen Gately. Duffy acted as pall-bearer at Gately's funeral on 16 October. Speaking after Gately's death, Duffy reminisced on the early days: "He told Louis [Walsh] he was 5ft 7in. When he auditioned for The Hobbit later on, he said he was 5ft 3in. But he was a true giant of a man".

Duffy became presenter of The Box on Irish television channel TV3, as well as featuring in Irish comedy Mrs Brown. He later served as a judge on the RTÉ talent contest You're a Star, later presenting the fifth series of the show.

Landing his first major feature-film role in 2010, Duffy was cast in Irish horror film Loftus Hall. He reportedly had to bow out of the production due a prior contract stipulation committing him to a 2010 Coronation Street return, which would have interfered with the film's schedule. Subsequently, he returned to the soap in February 2010, reprising his role as lovable Irish rogue Ciaran McCarthy.

On 2 and 3 April 2010, Duffy appeared in ITV's one-off game show The Door. He won the show and his prize was £25,000 for a charity of his choice – Ambitious about Autism (a UK-based charity for autism education, then known as TreeHouse). In June 2010, he continued his work with Autism, launching a mobile phone recycling campaign in Ireland. He also appeared on All Star Family Fortunes on 11 September 2010 again raising money for Ambitious about Autism.

After leaving Coronation Street in January 2011, Duffy returned to Boyzone who reunited and toured the UK and Ireland during February and March 2011, with a 21-date tour of Ireland and UK with their arena-based "Brother" Tour and four outdoor shows around the UK during August. Following the end of the "Brother" Tour, Duffy completed a half Ironman Triathlon raising money for Irish Autism Action. He returned to Coronation Street in September 2011 for a short stint. His last appearance as Ciaran was on 25 November 2011.

From November 2011 to February 2012, Duffy played character Teddy Heelin in John B. Keane's play Big Maggie which visited many theatres in Ireland. Fellow Boyzone member Shane Lynch said in an interview on ITV show Loose Women that Boyzone would be releasing a new album and would be touring in 2013, the 20th anniversary of their formation. In November 2013, he appeared as a drug dealing fitness instructor in two episodes of Irish crime drama Love/Hate.

2016–present: Boyzlife
Boyzlife is a duo consisting of Duffy and Brian McFadden, who previously appeared as members of '90s and 2000s boybands Boyzone and Westlife, respectively.

In February 2020, Duffy invited John Junior, Mental Health Activist on stage with Brian McFadden on their Boyzlife tour to share his mental health journey with their fans. Junior travels around the United Kingdom with Charlie The Duck, who accompanies him, encouraging people to speak up about mental health. Duffy is friends with Junior and supports his campaign to raise awareness for mental health.

On 19 January 2022, the duo announced the release of their upcoming second studio album, Old School.

Personal life
Duffy married Lisa Smith on 24 June 1998 in Las Vegas, only proposing two days before. Ronan Keating acted as his best man. Together, Keith and Lisa have two children, Jordan Stephen Scott Duffy (born 22 April 1996) and Mia Duffy (born 11 March 2000). After Mia was diagnosed with moderate autism, Duffy has become active in raising awareness of the condition and in October 2014 received an Honorary Fellowship from the RCSI.

Duffy was also present in Kilcloon, Meath on 2 March 2012 for the official opening of 'Stepping Stones', a specialised school for children with autism stating "All we want to do is give our kids a chance in life".

Charity work
Following his daughter's diagnosis with autism at 22 months old in 2000, he has supported different autism charities and campaigned for better support for autistic children in his native Ireland. He stepped down as patron of “Irish Autism Action” after ten years in 2015, raising over €8,000,000 for the organisation in that time. He subsequently began his own charity, the Keith Duffy Foundation, to support autism charities throughout Ireland.

In 2022 he played in the Celebrity Series of the Legends Tour golf tour at tournaments including the Staysure Senior PGA (2021) and the Celebrity Series Grand Final in Mauritius (2021 season, delayed to 2022 ), winning the event and £25,000 (€29,500) for the charity ASIAM.ie, which helps provide support for children with autism.

title: Keith Duffy


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Darien Graham-Smith

Darien Graham-Smith was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was to delete.

Apparently a director/writer of plays. I can only find 194 Google hits for Darien Graham-Smith... many of which are mirrors of us, or are posts on boards/reviews... including about PS2 Lyellin 13:34, Jul 21, 2004 (UTC) This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * hmm, this article tells us nothing about Darien Graham-Smith, apart from a short list of plays the Edinburgh Fringe and at a provincial UK theatre he has been involved with. It's been up for nearly a year. What sets DGS apart as a playwright / director? What distinguishing, notable talents does he have which would make a good encylopedic article on him? I would be delighted to know, but failing that delete. Ianb 14:22, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete in present form. Will reconsider if promptly expanded to provide more information and include evidence of notability. Dpbsmith 16:16, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, unfortunately. By the end of voting, the article was still just a list of plays directed.  It seems to be more a question of stubbiness than worthiness. Geogre 04:08, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text: Template:John C. Butler class destroyer escort


text: User talk:67.85.223.14

title: User talk:67.85.223.14


text:
User talk:Paul H

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Articles for deletion nomination of Bop Cassettes
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title: User talk:Paul H


text:
VICS

VICS or Vics may stand for:

 * Variable Inertia Charging System, a variant of variable length intake manifold
 * Vehicle Information and Communication System
 * Northwich Victoria F.C., nicknamed "The Vics"

title: VICS


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2000–01 Heineken Cup

The 2000–01 Heineken Cup was the sixth edition of the Heineken Cup, a rugby union tournament. Competing teams from France, Ireland, Italy, Wales, England and Scotland, were divided into six pools of four, in which teams played home and away matches against each other. The pool winners and two best runners-up qualified for the knock-out stages.

Pool stage
In the pool matches teams received
 * 2 points for a win
 * 1 points for a draw

Pool 1
Edinburgh finished above Leinster despite having a lower points difference, as the first tie-breaker was the results in the two matches between the teams.

Pool 3
Cardiff won the pool despite having a lower points difference than Saracens, as the first tie-breaker was the results in the two matches between the teams.

Final
Going into the final stages of the game, the scores were level at 27–27. A drop goal from Diego Domínguez then put Stade three points ahead. Meanwhile, Leicester brought on replacement scrum-half Jamie Hamilton for starting fly-half Andy Goode, with starting scrum-half Austin Healey switching to fly-half. Glenn Gelderbloom was also brought on at outside centre, with Leon Lloyd switching from outside centre to wing.

Leicester won a penalty just inside their own half and kicked to the left-hand touchline. The resulting line-out throw was too high and but it was cleaned up by Neil Back at the back of the line. Back passed the ball to out to Healey, though the pass forced Healey to check his run to gather the ball. With the two sets of opposing backs 20 metres apart for the line-out, the Tigers backs executed a pre-called backs move. Healey would dummy scissors with inside centre Pat Howard, another dummy scissors with outside centre Glenn Gelderbloom before the ball would be passed to the big full back Tim Stimpson who would take the ball into contact. Howard drew Domínguez and Gelderbloom drew the Stade inside centre, but the Stade outside centre who had only been on the field a few minutes, drifted onto Stimpson. Healey broke the Stade defensive line through the gap, before drawing the full back and putting Leon Lloyd in the right hand corner.

Lloyd's second try of the game gave Leicester a two-point lead, with the conversion to come. If Stimpson missed, another goal would give Stade the lead. If he scored the conversion, however, Stade would need a try. The kick from the right-hand touchline was from the most difficult position on the field for a right-footed kicker. Stimpson however hit the conversion straight between the posts, and Leicester were able to hang on to their lead for victory.

title: 2000–01 Heineken Cup


text:
List of lord mayors of London

This is a list of all mayors and lord mayors of London (leaders of the City of London Corporation, and first citizens of the City of London, from medieval times). Until 1354, the title held was Mayor of London. The dates are those of election to office (Michaelmas Day on 29 September, excepting those years when it fell on the Sabbath) and office is not actually entered until the second week of November. Therefore, the years 'Elected' below do not represent the main calendar year of service.

In 2006 the title Lord Mayor of the City of London was devised, for the most part, to avoid confusion with the office of Mayor of London. However, the legal and commonly used title and style remains Lord Mayor of London.

Mayors
This list details which livery company each Lord Mayor was associated with.

Before 1300

 * Notes

14th century

 * Notes

14th century

 * Notes

15th century

 * Notes

19th century

 * Notes

title: List of lord mayors of London


text:
Mega-Lo-Mania

Mega-Lo-Mania is a real-time strategy video game developed by Sensible Software. It was released for the Amiga in 1991 and ported to other systems. It was released as Tyrants: Fight Through Time in North America and Mega Lo Mania: Jikū Daisenryaku (メガロマニア時空大戦略) in Japan. The game was re-released on ZOOM-Platform.com via Electronic Arts on August 31, 2022.

Gameplay
Mega-Lo-Mania is an early real-time strategy game that predates Dune II by a year. The player takes control of one of four gods; Scarlet (red), Caesar (green), Oberon (yellow) and Madcap (blue). There are no differences between them except colour and AI behaviour when opposing. Each level takes place on an island divided into two to sixteen "sectors". The objective is to defeat up to three opposing gods and conquer the island.

Before a level begins, the player decides which sector to place their first tower in, and how many men to deploy. The men can perform various tasks such as designing weapons and shields, mining elements, building structures, manufacturing weapons and forming an army. The number of men assigned to a single task determines how fast or effective it will be. Men that are left idle will procreate and gradually increase in number.

At the start of a level the player only has unarmed men available. To gain more powerful weaponry, the player must assign men to design technology. When enough designs are made, the sector will advance a tech-level; making more research and buildings available. Armies can be used to either invade enemy sectors, or build a tower in an empty sector; expanding the player's territory. Shields are used to repair damaged buildings. Weapons and shields can only be made if enough elements have been gathered. Higher-tech weapons and shields must be manufactured in the factory before use. Building a mine gives access to more elements and the laboratory improves design tasks.

If the sector's tower gets destroyed, the player loses control of that sector. If the player has no sectors or men left, the level must be restarted.

The player has the option to form an alliance with an opponent if there are two or three present on the map. An allied opponent will not attack the player but neither of them can expand their territory whilst allied. Alliances cannot be made if only one opponent is remaining.

There are twenty-eight islands in the game, which are named in alphabetical order (except the last two) and grouped into ten epochs. Each epoch contains three islands and represents a different era in time (starting at 9500 BC and ending at 2001 AD); conquering the three islands in any order will allow the player to proceed to the next epoch. The player receives one-hundred men in each epoch. Any unused are carried over to the next epoch. The only exception is the tenth epoch, which contains only one eponymous island and does not grant extra men to the player.

Development
The Amiga and Atari ST versions of Mega-Lo-Mania, as developed by Sensible Software and published by Image Works, began development in November 1989, and were released in the Spring of 1991 for the Amiga and Atari ST; a DOS version wasn't planned at this stage in development. In a January 1991 issue of British gaming magazine The One, The One interviewed team members from Sensible Software for information regarding Mega-Lo-Mania's development in a pre-release interview. Mega-Lo-Mania was originally conceived under the title Alien Empire and later My Little Warhead, but these names were scrapped in lieu of the final title of Mega-Lo-Mania. The game's original concept had the player taking the role of an operator of a spaceship who needed to combat robots located on an island, with the island being split into 16 sections. The goal of this original design concept was to combine scrolling arcade action gameplay with real-time strategy; this concept is vastly different from the final product due to lack of publisher interest, as they considered the game to 'not fit into any specific category'. Jonathan Hare, Mega-Lo-Mania's graphic artist and one of its designers, expressed that the game was changed from its original concept to make it more marketable to publishers; he stated that the ultimatum became that the team needed to "drop the scrolling or drop the strategy", with the team deciding to scrap the game's arcade scrolling aspect. Upon scrapping the game's original concept of robots, the team considered a fantasy theme, but decided against it.

Upon being asked about Mega-Lo-Mania's similarity to Populous, Hare expressed that while it looks "a little" similar, it differs significantly in its gameplay, particularly in its combat, stating that he thinks that Mega-Lo-Mania doesn't play "like Populous at all". Further expressing his belief in how the game differs from Populous, Hare stated that the gameplay concept of human evolution isn't unique to Populous as "the earth thought of it first". Richard Joseph, Mega-Lo-Mania's composer and sound designer, hired radio voice actors to perform the game's sampled speech; Mega-Lo-Mania has over 50 speech samples, and due to their size, the sounds are on a floppy disk of their own. Over the course of development, there was a bug that caused the game to freeze when sounds were loaded, which was later fixed.

Reception
Mega-Lo-Mania is considered to be the first real time strategy game to also incorporate a technology tree and was met with universal acclaim on its original release. Amiga Power was impressed by the game, and considered it as one of the best games for Amiga. Mega placed the game at #34 in their Top Mega Drive Games of All Time.

Conversions to other platforms sometimes received less praise. Computer Gaming World cited many bugs and flaws, and stated that even if they were fixed "not enough attention has been paid to gameplay". A 1994 survey of strategic space games set in the year 2000 and later gave the game two-plus stars out of five, stating that the Populous "clone ... offers a short diversion into strategic whimsy before degenerating into an also-ran". MegaTech magazine said that it was "very easy to get into (but) there are only nine levels". In 2017, Gamesradar ranked the game 46th on its "Best Sega Genesis/Mega Drive games of all time".

A sequel was being planned and had started development, but was never released.

title: Mega-Lo-Mania


text:
Rusty Staub

Daniel Joseph "Rusty" Staub (April 1, 1944 – March 29, 2018) was an American professional baseball player and television color commentator. He played in Major League Baseball for 23 seasons as a right fielder, designated hitter, and first baseman. He was nicknamed le Grand Orange.

A six-time All-Star known for his hitting prowess, Staub produced 2,716 hits over his playing career, just 284 hits shy of the 3,000 hit plateau. He was an original member of the Montreal Expos and the team's first star. Although he played just 518 of his 2,951 games as an Expo, his enduring popularity led them to retire his number in 1993, while the Mets inducted him into their team Hall of Fame in 1986.

Houston Colt .45s/Astros
Staub signed his first professional contract with the expansion team Houston Colt .45s organization in 1961. He spent the 1962 season in the Class B Carolina League, and at season's end he was named one of the league's all-stars. Following that season, Staub was signed to a US$100,000 Major League contract under the Bonus Rule.

In his first season, aged 19, he played regularly, splitting time between first base and the outfield, but hit only .220. He became only the second major league rookie since 1900 to play 150 games as a teenager; the first had been Bob Kennedy, also 19, with the Chicago White Sox in 1940. The following season, he hit only .216 for the Colts and was sent down to the minor leagues at one point. His statistics steadily improved in the 1965 season for his team, which had been renamed the Astros, and he had a breakout 1967 season, when he led the league in doubles with 44 and was selected to the All-Star team. He collected a hit in twenty straight games from June 30 to July 21, making him the first ever Astro with a twenty game hitting streak; various players have passed him since, starting with Lee May in 1973. He repeated as an All-Star for the Astros in 1968.

Montreal Expos
Staub did not get along with Harry Walker, hired by the Astros on June 17, 1968, to move from hitting coach to manager. Walker and general manager H.B. "Spec" Richardson (who felt he was not getting the most out of his contract) decided to trade Staub to the Montreal Expos before the start of their inaugural season in 1969 as part of a deal for Donn Clendenon and Jesús Alou. The trade became a source of controversy as Clendenon (who thought Walker was a racist from his playing days with him in Pittsburgh) refused to report to the Astros and attempted to retire; the deal had to be resolved by Commissioner of Baseball Bowie Kuhn who ruled that the deal was official, but that Clendenon was to stay with the Expos. Montreal eventually dealt Jack Billingham, Skip Guinn, and $100,000 as compensation.

Staub was embraced as the expansion team's first star, and became one of the most popular players in their history. Embraced by French Canadians because he learned their language, he was nicknamed "Le Grand Orange" for his red hair (his more common nickname of "Rusty" has the same origin).

In his first year with the Expos, he played in 158 games, having 166 hits, 89 runs, 29 home runs, 79 RBIs on a .302 batting average with a .426 OBP and a .952 OPS. He walked 110 times while striking out 61 times. He played 156 games (with 152 complete games, a career high) in right field for 1,355.1 innings, having 265 putouts, 16 assists, 10 errors, and two double plays turned for a .966 fielding percentage. He was named to the All-Star Game for the third straight year, although he did not play. He finished in the top ten for the National League in numerous categories, such as 10th in batting average, 4th in OBP, total bases (289, 10th), walks (3rd), but also right field categories putouts (2nd), assists and errors (1st).

The following year, he played 160 games while having 156 hits, 98 runs, 30 home runs (a career high) while batting .274 with a .394 OBP and a .891 OPS. He had 112 walks and 93 strikeouts, both career highs. He played 160 games in right field, having 145 complete games in 156 games (a career high) started for a total of 1,374.2 innings. He had 308 putouts, 14 assists, five errors, four double plays and a .985 fielding percentage. He was named to the All-Star Game for the fourth straight year, having a pinch hit appearance in the third inning, going 0-for-1.

For 1971, he played in all 162 games. He had 186 hits, 94 runs, 19 home runs, 97 RBIs with a .311 batting average, a .392 OBP, and a .874 OPS. He had 74 walks and 42 strikeouts. He appeared in 160 games in right field, starting 156 while having 145 complete games for a total of 1,374.2 inning. He had 308 putouts, 14 assists, five errors, and four double plays for a .985 fielding percentage. He was named to the All-Star Game for the fifth straight time, although he did not play.

The #10 worn by Staub during his first stint in Montreal was the first number retired by the Montreal Expos organization. He is also the franchise's career leader in on-base percentage (.402), among players with 2,000 or more plate appearances with the franchise. He is also the first player to have won the Expos Player of the Year award.

In his three full seasons with the team, Staub played in 480 total games, garnering 508 hits and achieving an on-base percentage of .402, the latter of which is a franchise record.

New York Mets
After three seasons in Montreal, the New York Mets made a blockbuster trade for Staub in 1972 in exchange for first baseman-outfielder Mike Jorgensen, shortstop Tim Foli, and outfielder Ken Singleton. He was batting .313 for the Mets until June 3 of that year, when he was hit by a pitch from future teammate George Stone of the Atlanta Braves, fracturing his right wrist. He played through the pain for several weeks until X-rays revealed the broken bone. Surgery was required and as a result, he went on the disabled list and didn't return to the line-up until September 18, 1972.

To make matters worse, on May 12, 1973, he was hit by a pitch this time from Ramón Hernández of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Despite playing with pain due to the injury, he still led the team in RBIs. In the National League Championship Series against the Cincinnati Reds, Staub hit three home runs and had five runs batted in. Game 4 of the NLCS was noteworthy for Staub making two catches, during the latter of which he crashed into the outfield wall. He made an outstanding play defensively, where he robbed Dan Driessen of an extra-base hit in the 11th inning. But while making the catch in right field, Staub crashed into the fence and separated his right shoulder. This incident was the impetus for Major League teams applying padding on the outfield walls at all ball parks. The injury forced Staub out of the lineup for Game 5. The Mets went on to defeat the heavily favored Reds to win the National League Pennant in 5 games. In the World Series the shoulder injury forced Staub out of Game 1, but he was used as a decoy, waiting on deck to pinch hit. He returned to the lineup for Game 2, but because of his injury Staub had to throw underhanded and weakly for the remainder of the World Series. Despite the injury, he batted .423 against the Oakland Athletics including a home run and six runs batted in. For the 1973 postseason he batted .341 with 4 home runs and 11 runs batted in

In 1974 he had an injury-free season and led the Mets in hits, runs batted in, and at bats. He played in 151 games, having 145 hits, 65 runs, 19 home runs, 78 RBIs with a .258 batting average, a .347 OBP, and a .754 OPS. He had 77 walks and 39 strikeouts. In 147 games in the right field (with 138 complete games), he had 1,292.1 innings while having 262 putouts, 19 assists, with five errors and double plays each for a .983 fielding percentage.

In 1975, he set a Mets record with 105 runs batted in—the first Met player to surpass 100 RBIs—which was not matched until 1986, when it was tied by Gary Carter, and not surpassed until 1990 when Darryl Strawberry recorded 108.

Detroit Tigers
He was traded with Bill Laxton to the Detroit Tigers for Mickey Lolich and Billy Baldwin on December 12, 1975. The transaction was delayed by Lolich who had exercised his right to veto which he earned as a major leaguer for at least ten years with the last five on the same ballclub, a benefit for which Staub had been a year away from qualifying.

In his three plus seasons with the Tigers, Staub hit .277 with 70 home runs and 358 runs batted in. He was voted to start the 1976 All-Star Game, where he went 2-for-2.

In 1978, Staub became the first player to play in all 162 regular-season games exclusively as a designated hitter. Not playing the field at all proved beneficial, as Staub finished second in the Major Leagues with 121 RBI and finished fifth in American League Most Valuable Player voting. He was selected to the Sporting News American League All-Star team at the end of the season as the designated hitter.

Staub held out to start the 1979 season. In the 1979 season, he played for the Tigers in 68 games, getting 246 at-bats with 58 hits, 9 home runs and 40 RBIs on a .236 batting average before being traded to the Montreal Expos on July 20 for a player to be named later and cash, with Randall Schafer being sent to complete the trade. He played in 38 games with the Expos, getting 23 hits along with three home runs and 14 RBIs on a .267 batting average. On March 31, 1980, he was traded to the Texas Rangers for Chris Smith and La Rue Washington.

Later career
In 1980, Staub played 109 games with the Rangers, with 102 hits in 388 plate appearances while having nine home runs and 55 RBIs for a .300 batting average (which was his first since 1971). He was granted free agency on October 23, 1980, and he signed with the New York Mets on December 16. The Mets immediately reduced him to a part time player and coach, never allowing him to be an everyday player again. Although still a productive hitter, and well on his way to achieving the 3000-hit milestone, he spent the last years of his career mostly sitting on the bench. This ended his ability to be a star player and reaching 3000 hits. But in 1983, he tied a National League record with eight straight pinch-hits and tied the Major League record of 25 RBIs by a pinch hitter. In his final five seasons with the Mets, he played in a combined total of 418 games (with 112 in 1982 being his most), making 702 plate appearances while hitting successfully 169 times and getting 13 home runs and 102 RBIs with a .276 batting average. Fittingly, his final game on October 6, 1985, was against the Expos, pinch hitting for Ronn Reynolds in the bottom of the ninth inning. In his last plate appearance, he grounded out to end the game.

Retirement and honors
Staub's career ended at the age of 41 in 1985. He was only 284 hits shy of the 3,000 hit milestone. He is the only major league player to have 500 hits with four different teams. He, Ty Cobb, Alex Rodriguez and Gary Sheffield share the distinction of being the only players to hit home runs before turning 20 years old, and after turning 40 years old. Staub was on the Hall of Fame ballot for seven years from 1991 to 1997. He never received more than 7.9%, and he dropped off the ballot after receiving 3.8% in 1997.

Staub was inducted into the New York Mets Hall of Fame in 1986; when the Mets won the World Series that year, Staub received a ring from general manager Frank Cashen. In 2004, he received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Niagara University. Jesuit High School, where Rusty graduated, annually gives the Rusty Staub Award to the leader of the varsity baseball team. In 2006, Staub was inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame and six years later, in 2012, he was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame. On May 26, 2012, the New York Mets featured a Rusty Staub promotional giveaway bobblehead as part of their 50th anniversary celebration.

On April 4, 1986, Staub established the Rusty Staub Foundation to provide educational scholarships for youth and fight hunger.

In 1985, Staub founded the New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund, which supports the families of New York City police officers, firefighters, Port Authority police, and emergency medical personnel who were killed in the line of duty. During its first 15 years of existence, the fund raised and distributed $11 million for families of policemen and firefighters killed in the line of duty. Since September 11, 2001, Staub's organization has received contributions in excess of $112 million, and it has played a vital role in helping many families affected by the attack.

Staub went on to work as a television announcer for Mets' ballgames from 1986 to 1995.

Staub owned and ran two restaurants in Manhattan. Rusty's (at 73rd and Third) opened in 1977, and another Rusty's on Fifth opened in 1989. The 73rd Street Rusty's used to have an annual rib-eating contest, won by Brooke Shields in 1981. Both have since closed.

After his playing career, Staub also served as a goodwill ambassador for the New York Mets and was a vice president for the Major League Baseball Players Alumni Association, serving as the chairman of the annual Legends for Youth Dinner.

In July 2006, Staub teamed with Mascot Books to publish his first children's book, Hello, Mr. Met.

Staub was inducted into the Baseball Reliquary's Shrine of the Eternals in 2018.

Illness and death
On October 1, 2015, Staub was on a flight from Ireland to the United States when he had a heart attack and went into cardiac arrest. Two doctors were on board, and assisted in resuscitating him. The flight turned around and landed in Shannon Airport, where paramedics continued to administer emergency treatment to Staub, and transported him to University Hospital Limerick.

Staub died on March 29, 2018, three days before his 74th birthday, at the Good Samaritan Medical Center in West Palm Beach, Florida, from multiple organ failure. He had been in the hospital for the previous eight weeks, having been admitted for pneumonia, dehydration, and an infection.

title: Rusty Staub