text:
Naval Air Station Brunswick

Naval Air Station Brunswick, also known as NAS Brunswick or the Brunswick Naval Air Station, was a military airport located 2 mi southeast of Brunswick, Maine, with a number of Navy-operated maritime patrol aircraft. As of November 28, 2009, the last aircraft (P-3 Orions) left. The runways were permanently closed in January 2010. The base operated while the airport operated publicly under the name Brunswick Executive Airport until the base closed on May 31, 2011, as per the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure committee decision. Since then the base is known as Brunswick Landing. The Midcoast Regional Redevelopment Authority has been managing base redevelopment with high-tech business and industrial park. On April 2, 2011, the airport reopened as Brunswick Executive Airport.

History
The Brunswick airport was originally built in 1935 by the New Deal agency the Maine Emergency Relief Administration, a state division of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration after a survey of airports in the state by Capt. Harry M. Jones with the intention of building a chain of airports in coastal towns, inland towns, and lake resorts. It built 1 NW - SE 1800 x 50 gravel runway and 1 E - W 1800x100 graded runway.

World War II
Naval Air Station Brunswick was developed and occupied in March 1943, and was first commissioned on April 15, 1943, to train and form-up Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm squadrons with Vought Corsairs, Grumman Avengers and Grumman Hellcats. The 1,487-acre (6 km2) station was built in part on land that was donated by the town of Brunswick. By the early 1940s the town was using most of this land to operate a small municipal airport, which would become the core of the air station. Operating under the motto, “Built For Business”, the first U.S. squadron to arrive at NAS Brunswick was a heavier-than-air Scouting Squadron (VS1D1). During World War II, pilots from NAS Brunswick as well as those of the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm used the station as a base from which they carried out anti-submarine warfare missions with around-the-clock efficiency. The air station had a contingent from the Fleet Air Arm, but the squadrons also practiced at other Naval Auxiliary Air Facilities (NAAF) in Maine before eventual transport to Britain. The station was supporting the Casco Bay NAAF seaplane base on Long Island from May 14, 1943 to December 15, 1946 and auxiliary landing fields Lewiston NAAF until December 1, 1945, Sanford NAAF until February 1, 1946, Rockland NAAF until March 15, 1946, and Bar Harbor NAAF from September 1, 1943 until November 15, 1945. On August 15, 1945 Japan surrendered to Allied forces, ending the war. As a result, NAS Brunswick was scheduled for deactivation.

Cold War
The air station was deactivated in October 1946, the land was reverted to caretaker status, and the land and buildings leased jointly to the University of Maine and Bowdoin College. When the station’s facilities were no longer required, the University of Maine and Bowdoin College terminated their leases and in 1949, operations at NAS Brunswick were taken over by the Brunswick Flying Service. This commercial deviation was short-lived however, when the Navy selected the station as a potential center for development of “Services to the Fleet”. Plans were soon placed on the drawing boards to make this a thriving operational air station.

On March 15, 1951, the National Ensign was hoisted, re-commissioning the station as a Naval Air Facility. The station soon became a beehive of activity, as it was slated to become a Master Jet Base. New construction around the base was begun which included dual 8,000-foot runways, and new facilities to replace the temporary structures of World War II, including a modern operations tower capable of handling all the complex flights of a full-scale Naval Air Station. Two outlying fields were also planned to be built, one for gunnery and one for carrier practice landings. On June 15, 1950, North Korea on Chinese authorization crossed the 38th parallel and invaded their neighbors in South Korea. Acting quickly and on little notice, the American military reversed the post-World War II trend of reduction-in-forces and several subordinate commands stationed at NAS Brunswick were re-commissioned. While not directly involved in combat operations in Korea, its squadrons contributed to the war effort by assuming the many responsibilities of commands who had been deployed to the Pacific. In 1959, NAS Brunswick’s primary mission was support of Fleet Air Wing Three which was composed of Patrol Squadrons Seven, Ten, Eleven, Twenty One, Twenty Three, and Twenty Six. Flying the P2V Neptune and PB4Y-2 Privateer, the squadrons played a major part in the defense of the North Atlantic area, tracking Soviet submarines around the clock throughout the Cold War. In 1962, NAS Brunswick and Fleet Air Wing Five began the transition to the P-3A Orion marking the beginning of a new era in Naval Patrol Aviation. During the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962 and more encompassing, during the entirety of the Cold War between American and Soviet forces, both the P2V and P-3A became nationally well-known due to their surveillance of Soviet ships in the Atlantic Ocean, leading to a safe resolution. Fleet Air Wing Five aircraft also played an important part in America’s early crewed space programs in 1965 and 1966, helping to locate Mercury and Gemini capsules after splashdowns. In 1966, Wing Five began deployments in the Western Pacific. Based at Naval Station Sangley Point in the Philippines, squadrons flew patrol and combat missions in support of Seventh Fleet operations in South East Asia throughout the years of U.S. involvement in Vietnam. On August 2 of 1990, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein launched an invasion on the neighboring country of Kuwait. In response, the United States launched a wholly defensive mission to the Middle East named Operation Desert Shield. Patrol Squadron Twenty Three was the first East Coast maritime patrol squadron in-theater for Operation Desert Shield, providing maritime surveillance throughout the Red Sea. Patrol Squadron EIGHT participated in joint operations during Desert Storm, flying combat sorties in the effort to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi forces.

Post Cold War
At the end of the Cold War in 1991, many maritime patrol squadrons were reduced or relocated. Combat Wing Five disestablished Patrol Squadron 44 in May 1991, Patrol Squadron 23 in December 1994, and Patrol Squadron 11 in August 1997. During the mid-1990s with the breakup and subsequent conflict in the former Republic of Yugoslavia, Patrol Squadrons 8, 10, 11, 26 from NAS Brunswick were called upon to fly countless sorties in the Adriatic Sea in support of Operation Sharp Guard. Of specific note, Patrol Squadron 10 was the first VP squadron to conduct offensive missile attacks since Vietnam in the 1970s. In 1994, 10,138 enlisted, officers, civilian employees, and family members called NAS Brunswick home. In the early years of the new millennium, squadrons home ported at NAS Brunswick continued to fulfill their missions by flying intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and maritime patrol sorties in Operation Joint Guardian in Kosovo and Operation Deliberate Forge in Bosnia in support of U.S. and NATO forces. Following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks against the U.S., those same squadrons began flying missions in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in the Middle East.

NAS Brunswick-based crews flew homeland defense maritime patrols off the Atlantic coast as part of Operation Noble Eagle and additional assets were surged in support of OEF operations. Fleet Air Wing Five squadrons were present during the commencement of Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003, and continue to fly in support of ongoing operations.

On October 21, 2008, a P-3 Orion from Patrol Wing Five overshot the runway at Bagram Air Base while landing. The aircraft caught fire and was destroyed but the only injury to the crew was one broken ankle. The aircraft was assigned to CTF-57 in Afghanistan.

Closure
After being listed on the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure list, NAS Brunswick began preparing itself for shut down with a mandated September 2011 closure date. In May 2008, Captain Will Fitzgerald relieved Captain George Womack, becoming NAS Brunswick’s 36th and final Commanding Officer, and was tasked with the responsibility of closing the base. In September 2008, NAS Brunswick hosted the 33rd Great State of Maine Air Show for the last time, which boasted an attendance of more than 150,000 people from the local area and out of state. The air show will be held again in August 2017, without the support of a military base. In November 2008, the Patrol Squadron 8 Tigers were the first Fleet Air Wing Five squadron to permanently leave NAS Brunswick on deployment, scheduled to return to their new home port of NAS Jacksonville, Florida. May 2009 saw the last squadron Changes of Command held on base when the reins of the Patrol Squadron 26 Tridents and the Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 62 Nor’Easters (having since been renamed the Nomads) were handed over to new Commanding Officers. In June 2009, the Patrol Squadron 10 Red Lancers departed Brunswick for their new home port of NAS Jacksonville, followed by Special Projects Patrol Squadron 1 and Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 62 in July. The last squadron to leave NAS Brunswick was Patrol Squadron 26, which made their final departures late November 2009. After that, no other aircraft were based at NAS Brunswick.The closure of the NAS Brunswick air field was scheduled for just after the departure of VP-26, which lead directly to the disestablishment of Fleet Air Wing Five in March of the same year. NAS Brunswick no longer supports any home based squadrons. There are still approximately 1681 officers, sailors, and civilian employees actively working on base.

December 23, 2009 marked the last day of Navy Reserve activity at NAS Brunswick when the Navy Operational Support Center lowered the National Ensign and closed its doors for the last time. Captain Scott F. Walton, the NOSC Commanding Officer, had previously been the last C.O. of Patrol Squadron VP-92 Minutemen, a Navy Reserve squadron made up of many local Maine citizens. VP-92 operated out of NAS Brunswick from 1996 to 2007. At an onsite ceremony on May 31, 2011 the base was officially decommissioned. Navy officials handed over the remaining property to the Midcoast Regional Redevelopment Authority. Property is being redeveloped for civilian use as Brunswick Landing. This started with the opening of the Brunswick Executive Airport. Southern Maine Community College has built a new campus on the site.

Environmental problems
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency declared the base a Superfund Site in 1987 for chemical contamination after open-air detonation of ordnance. From 2007 until 2015, the Navy assessed and removed ordnance from the area, spending $3–4 million on site clean-up. In July 2015, EPA declared the area safe with so called "land use controls", such as signs and fencing.

In September 2015, it became known that the Navy’s closure draft report mentioned contamination with perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs). They had been "recorded at levels above the EPA’s provisional health advisory", a number derived from lab tests on animals, at several places, many of which were associated with past use of PFC-containing fire-fighting foam, such as areas around the airplane runway and between hangars. Groundwater is contaminated at the former fire department building and the foam storage building. Restoration Advisory Board members criticized the land use control plan as insufficient, after PFCs found in well water at Pease Air Force Base in neighboring New Hampshire had exposed people including children as blood monitoring has shown. The Air Force had been testing 82 former and active installations nationwide for PFCs.

title: Naval Air Station Brunswick


text: Category:9th century

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:9th century


text:
United States congressional delegations from Idaho

Since Idaho became a U.S. state in 1890, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, beginning with the 51st United States Congress. Prior to 1890, Idaho sent non-voting delegates to the House of Representatives from 1864 to 1889. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years in general elections, with their re-election staggered. Prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were elected by the Idaho Legislature. Each state elects varying numbers of members of the House, depending on population, to two-year terms. Idaho has sent two members to the House in each congressional delegation since the 1910 United States Census.

A total of 63 unique individuals have represented Idaho in Congress; Idaho has had 26 senators and 44 representatives, and 7 have served in both the House and the Senate. Two women from Idaho, Gracie Pfost and Helen Chenoweth, have served in the House, while none have served in the Senate.

Currently, the dean, or longest-serving member of Congress from Idaho, is Mike Crapo, who was elected to the House of Representatives in 1992 and has served in Congress ever since, serving in the Senate since his election in 1998. Crapo is the second-longest serving senator in Idaho history, after William Borah.

Current delegation
Idaho's current congressional delegation in the consists of its two senators and two representatives, all of whom are Republicans. Idaho has not elected a Democratic member of Congress since Walt Minnick was elected in 2008; he was defeated by Republican Raúl Labrador two years later in 2010.

As of April 2023, the Cook Partisan Voting Index, a measure of how strongly partisan a state is, ranked both House districts and both Senate races in Idaho as solidly Republican.

Currently, the dean, or longest-serving member of Congress from Idaho, is Mike Crapo, who was elected to the House of Representatives in 1992 and has served in Congress ever since, serving in the Senate since his election in 1998. Crapo is the second-longest serving senator in Idaho history, after William Borah, and is the first member of the Church of Latter-Day Saints to serve Idaho in the Senate. Mike Simpson, who represents Idaho's 2nd congressional district, is tied with Burton L. French as the longest-serving representative from Idaho, both having been elected for thirteen terms.

United States Senate
26 people have served as a U.S. senator from Idaho, all of them men. The longest-serving senator from Idaho, William Borah, was an influential Republican legislator who eventually became the dean of the Senate during his 33 years of service. He was known for his political views independent of the Republican Party and influence on the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, eventually becoming its chairman. He was instrumental in the passage of the Sixteenth and the Seventeenth Amendments, establishing the graduated income tax and popular election of Senators, respectively, but opposed the Nineteenth Amendment, which prohibited restricting the right to vote on account of sex. The last Democratic senator from Idaho was Frank Church, who similarly served for 24 years on the Foreign Relations Committee, including two years as chairman, in addition to serving as chairman of the Church Committee, whose reports helped pass the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978. Senator Jim McClure also rose to leadership positions, including as the chairman of the Senate Republican Conference from 1981 to 1985, and as the chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

Senators are elected every six years depending on their class, with each senator serving a six-year term, and elections for senators occurring every two years, rotating through each class such that at each election, around one-third of the seats in the Senate are up for election. Idaho's senators are elected in classes II and III. Currently, Idaho is represented in the Senate by Mike Crapo and Jim Risch.

United States House of Representatives
Since the establishment of Idaho Territory, 44 people have served Idaho in the House of Representatives. Of those, only two have been women: Gracie Pfost, who served in the House from 1953 to 1962, and Helen Chenoweth, who served in the House from 1995 to 2000. No African-Americans have ever served Idaho in the House.

From 1864 to 1890, Idaho elected a non-voting delegate to the House. After statehood in 1890, the state sent one member to the House until 1913, when Idaho gained a seat in the House after the 1910 census. The representatives were elected at-large until Idaho's congressional districts were drawn in 1919. Idaho has sent two members to the House in each congressional delegation since then. One member of the House of Representatives is sent from each district via a popular vote. Districts are redrawn every ten years, after data from the US Census is collected.

1864–1890: 1 non-voting delegate
Starting on February 1, 1864, Idaho Territory sent a non-voting delegate to the House.

1890–1913: 1 seat
Following statehood on July 3, 1890, Idaho had one seat in the House.

1913–present: 2 seats
Following the 1910 census, Idaho was apportioned a second seat. It elected both seats statewide at-large on a general ticket, until 1919, when it redistricted into two districts.


text: Category:8th century

title: Category:8th century


text: Category:7th century

title: Category:7th century


text: Category:6th century

title: Category:6th century


text: Category:5th century

title: Category:5th century


text: Category:4th century

title: Category:4th century


text: Category:3rd century

title: Category:3rd century


text:
An Affair to Remember

An Affair to Remember is a 1957 American romance film directed by Leo McCarey and starring Cary Grant and Deborah Kerr. Filmed in CinemaScope, it was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is considered among the most romantic films of all time according to the American Film Institute. The film was a remake of McCarey's 1939 film Love Affair, starring Irene Dunne and Charles Boyer.

Plot
Nickie Ferrante, a well-known playboy, meets Terry McKay aboard the transatlantic ocean liner SS Constitution en route from Europe to New York. Each is romantically involved with someone else. After a series of meetings aboard the ship, they establish a friendship. When Terry joins Nickie on a brief visit to his grandmother Janou while the ship is anchored near her home at Villefranche-sur-Mer on the Mediterranean coast, she sees Nickie with new eyes and their feelings become deeper. During their visit, Janou tells Terry that Nickie is a talented painter but destroys most of his paintings because they don't meet his standards. As the ship returns to New York City, they agree to reunite at the top of the Empire State Building in six months' time if they have succeeded in ending their relationships and starting new careers.

On the day of their rendezvous, Terry, hurrying to reach the Empire State Building, is struck down by a car while crossing a street. Gravely injured, she is rushed to the hospital. Meanwhile, Nickie, waiting for her at the observation deck at the top of the building, is unaware of the accident and, after many hours, leaves at midnight, believing that she has rejected him.

After the accident, Terry, now unable to walk, refuses to contact Nickie because of her disability. Instead, she finds work as a music teacher. Nickie has pursued his painting and has his work displayed by Courbet, an art gallery owner. Six months after the accident, Terry sees Nickie with his former fiancée at the ballet. Nickie does not notice her condition because she is seated, and they both say hello.

Nickie learns Terry's address and on Christmas Eve pays her a surprise visit. Although he tries to coax her to explain her actions, Terry dodges the subject, never leaving the couch on which she lies. He gives Terry a shawl that Janou, who has died, left for her. As he is leaving, Nickie mentions a painting on which he had been working when they first met, and that it was just given away to a woman who liked it but had no money. He is about to say that the woman was in a wheelchair when he pauses, suddenly suspecting why Terry has been lying still on the couch. He walks into her bedroom and sees the painting hanging on the wall, realizing that she was the woman in the wheelchair. The film ends with the two in a tight embrace as Terry says, "If you can paint, I can walk. Anything can happen, don't you think?"

Cast

 * Cary Grant as Nickie Ferrante
 * Deborah Kerr as Terry McKay
 * Richard Denning as Kenneth Bradley
 * Neva Patterson as Lois Clark
 * Cathleen Nesbitt as Janou (Nickie's grandmother)
 * Robert Q. Lewis as himself (announcer)
 * Charles Watts as Ned Hathaway
 * Fortunio Bonanova as Courbet
 * Marni Nixon as Terry McKay's singing voice

Production
The film was a remake of McCarey's 1939 film Love Affair, starring Irene Dunne as Terry and Charles Boyer as the Gallic playboy Michel Marnet. Plans for a Love Affair remake were first reported in 1952, which had Fernando Lamas and Arlene Dahl attached to the project.

Cary Grant first worked with McCarey on The Awful Truth and did not like McCarey's improvisational strategy, but after eventually warming to it, he wished that he had starred in Love Affair, and he often visited the set during production. He enjoyed the film when it was released and convinced McCarey years later to remake it starring Grant in Boyer's role. McCarey later commented: "Hollywood films all seem to be trying to find a trick way of saying 'I love you.' What are they trying to prove? Love is the oldest and noblest emotion." An Affair to Remember was almost identical to the original on a scene-to-scene basis. McCarey used the same screenplay as was employed for the original film, written by Delmer Daves and Donald Ogden Stewart, but Stewart was not included in the credits because he had been blacklisted. Filming took place between February and April 1957.

Grant was reportedly grumpy during filming because his hypnotherapy with his wife caused him to dislike smoking. He also underwent an operation during production to treat a lump on his forehead that resulted from a childhood injury.

The theme song "An Affair to Remember (Our Love Affair)," composed by Harry Warren and with lyrics by Leo McCarey and Harold Adamson, was sung by Vic Damone over the opening credits and by Marni Nixon (who dubbed Kerr) during the film.

Songs

 * "Continué," sung by Marni Nixon (dubbing for Deborah Kerr)
 * "The Tiny Scout (He Knows You Inside Out)"
 * "Tomorrow Land"
 * "You Make It Easy to Be True"

Novelization
In anticipation of the film's release, Avon Books published a paperback novelization of the screenplay. The byline Owen Aherne was a pseudonym for American novelist R.V. Cassill.

Critical reaction
Bosley Crowther of The New York Times found the early part of the film fairly enjoyable, with "plenty of humorous conversation that is handled crisply" by the leads, but concluded that the picture goes wrong after the couple disembarks, writing: "The marriage pact seems ridiculously childish for a couple of adult people to make. The lady's failure to notify her fiancé of her accident seems absurd. The fact that the man does not hear of it in some way is beyond belief. And the slowness with which he grasps the obvious when he calls upon the lady is just too thick." Richard L. Coe of The Washington Post agreed, writing that the film "boasts early amusing reels that ultimately become unbelievably foolish in the quest for audience tears." Variety disagreed, calling the romance "never maudlin" and "wholly believable" in a positive review of what it called "a winning film" with "all the ingredients that should make it an ideal women's picture." Harrison's Reports was also positive, calling it "more enchanting and delightful than the original" and "so powerful in the closing scenes that one is unable to fight back the tears." John McCarten of The New Yorker was dismissive, writing that the actors were "tolerable, but the movie is really awfully maudlin." A generally positive review in The Monthly Film Bulletin called the film "a lush slice of Hollywood romanticism, unashamedly following most of the familiar conventions of glossy magazine fiction. To judge it on a higher level would normally seem unfair if it were not that here the script does succeed in cutting rather deeper. The relationship between Ferrante and Terry McKay is briskly developed, with an attractive, often touching humor." The Philadelphia Inquirer review invoked the 1939 original: "18 years ago we wept and worried over the romantic pangs of Irene Dunne and Charles Boyer in 'Love Affair.' It seems distinctly unimportant now when misunderstandings disrupt the billing and cooing of Deborah Kerr and Cary Grant in 'An Affair to Remember,' Leo McCarey's interminably extended version of 'Love Affair'."

The film holds a 67% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 33 reviews. In 1998, Jonathan Rosenbaum of the Chicago Reader included the film in his unranked list of the best American films not included on the AFI Top 100. It is one of the BFI's "50 great Christmas films currently streaming".

Accolades

 * AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – #5

Legacy

 * Nora Ephron's 1993 film Sleepless in Seattle, starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan, was partly inspired by An Affair to Remember, particularly the ending. References, clips and the theme song from the earlier film are used throughout.
 * A 1994 remake, reverting to the original title of Love Affair, starred Warren Beatty (who also wrote and produced) and his wife Annette Bening. The film featured Katharine Hepburn in her last screen appearance, portraying the male protagonist's aunt; this character replaces the grandmother from the original film.
 * İlk Aşk, a 1960 Turkish film, was an adaptation of the film.
 * Bheegi Raat, a 1965 Bollywood film starring Ashok Kumar and Meena Kumari, was an adaptation of the film.
 * Yağmur, a 1971 Turkish film starring Hülya Koçyiğit and Ediz Hun, was an adaptation of the film.
 * Mann, a 1999 Bollywood film starring Aamir Khan and Manisha Koirala was almost a scene-by-scene copy of the film.
 * The 1999 Indian Telugu-language film Ravoyi Chandamama was an adaptation of the film.
 * In 2009, the HBO film Grey Gardens licensed an aerial shot of The Pierre hotel from this film.
 * The climax of the 1980 Bollywood film Ek Baar Kaho is inspired by this film's climax.
 * A sound clip from the film was used on Basement's 2011 album I Wish I Could Stay Here in the song "Fading."
 * In a Season 3 episode of Gossip Girl, characters Chuck and Blair rekindle their love and agree to meet on top of the Empire State Building at 7:01 p.m., as in the film.
 * In the TV series 30 Rock, Tracy Jordan claims to have starred in a remake of An Affair to Remember titled A Blaffair to Rememblack.
 * In an episode of the TV series Family Guy, there is a cutaway gag of what the film would be like in the age of cell phones. After being struck, Terry tells Nickie that she is paralyzed, and he abruptly ends the call and tosses the phone off the observation deck.
 * In the episode Meanwhile of the TV series Futurama, After proposing to Leela, Fry invites her to meet him atop the Vampire State Building at 6:30 pm if she agrees to marry him. If she does not arrive, he will infer rejection.

title: An Affair to Remember


text: Category:2nd century

title: Category:2nd century


text: Category:1st century

title: Category:1st century


text:
Ozias Leduc

Ozias Leduc  (October 8, 1864 - June 16, 1955) is one of Quebec's early painters. He was born in Saint-Hilaire-de-Rouville. Leduc produced many portraits and landscapes.

Biography
Leduc was mainly self-taught. Around 1880, he worked with Luigi Cappello, an Italian painter, on church decorations. Around 1881, he was employed at Carli, a manufacturer of statues in Montreal. Around 1883, he worked with Adolphe Rho, decorating another church, this time in Yamachiche. After that, he started working on his own on church decorations. Leduc made a brief trip to Paris and London in 1897 with Suzor-Coté, where he was influenced by the Impressionists. Leduc lived a very solitary life in his home town and was dubbed "the sage of St-Hilaire". He received an Honorary doctorate from the Université de Montréal in 1938. He was made a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. His legacy includes teaching Paul-Émile Borduas. He died in Saint-Hyacinthe in 1955.

Works

He is best known for his work decorating the Notre-Dame-de-la-Présentation church in Shawinigan South, Quebec, a project which took him thirteen years, until his death. The work was completed by his assistant, Gabrielle Messier. Notre-Dame-de-la-Présentation church was designated a National Historic Site in 2004 and a federal marker reflecting that status was erected at the church in 2005.

Recognition
On May 20, 1988, Canada Post issued 'The Young Reader, Ozias Leduc, 1894' in the Masterpieces of Canadian art series. The stamp was designed by Pierre-Yves Pelletier based on a painting "The Young Student" (1894) by Ozias Leduc in the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. The painting shows the Ozias Leduc's younger brother, concentrating on a picture book, pencil in hand. The 50¢ stamps are perforated 13 X 13.5 and were printed by British American Bank Note Company.

Leduc was named a National Historic Person on January 12, 2018. There are streets named after him in Shawinigan-Sud and Drummondville, a park in Lévis and a secondary school in Mont-Saint-Hilaire.

Record sale prices
At the Cowley Abbott Auction of An Important Private Collection of Canadian Art – Part III, December 6, 2023, lot 112, Leduc's Les foins (The Hayfield), 1901, oil on canvas, 24 x 36 ins ( 61 x 91.4 cms ), Auction Estimate: $60,000.00 - $80,000.00 realized a price of $288,000.00.

Images and galleries

 * Gallery from the Canadian government's Cybermuse project.
 * God Go With You from the Mackenzie Art Gallery.
 * Still-life, Study by Candlelight.
 * Boy with Bread.
 * The Young Student (also known as The Young Reader).

Information

 * Short biography from the Musée National des Beaux-Arts du Québec.
 * Very short biography on virtualmuseum.ca's Horizons project.
 * Short biography from the Elliott Louis Gallery.
 * Biography and information on The Young Reader from Fisheries and Oceans Canada related to a stamp displaying that painting.
 * Presentation of Ozias Leduc and his work on the Notre-Dame-de-la-Présentation church.

Criticism and interpretation

 * An interview on Leduc with Laurier Lacroix, professor of art history at the Université du Québec à Montréal, by Compass (a "Jesuit Journal").
 * An article (in French) by Michel Clerk about Leduc's contributions to public life.
 * The Chapel of the Bishop's Palace in Sherbrooke: Some Preparatory Sketches by Ozias Leduc (in French), by Laurier Lacroix. Also available: a summary in English.
 * The Preparatory Drawings for the Decoration of the Baptistry of Notre-Dame Church Montreal (in French), by Jean-René Ostiguy. Also available: a summary in English.
 * L'oeuvre déchue (in French), by Stéphane Baillargeon, on Ozias Leduc and the Saints-Anges de Lachine church.

title: Ozias Leduc


text:
Thai Americans

Thai Americans (ชาวอเมริกันเชื้อสายไทย; formerly referred to as Siamese Americans) are Americans of Thai ancestry. The Thai American population is racially and ethnically diverse, consisting of many Thais who identify as mixed race and as Thai Chinese.

History in the United States
Siamese people were named as one of the many Asian groups excluded from immigrating to the United States by the Immigration Act of 1917. The law was one of many provisions restricting Asian immigration to the United States in the early 20th century.

The 1930 Census recorded just 18 Siamese Americans. According to the MPI Data Hub, there have been a total of 253,585 Thai people who have immigrated to the United States as of 2016. That year, they were 0.0057% of all immigrants. In comparing data from the MPI Data Hub to the U.S. Census Bureau, there are significant inconsistencies of total current population. According to the U.S. Census, there are currently 300,319 Thai people living in the United States today, with an error margin of +/- 14,326. Thai immigration to the United States proceeded very slowly. It began in earnest during and after the Vietnam War, in which Thailand was an ally of the United States and South Vietnam. Records show that, in the decade between 1960 and 1970, some 5,000 Thais immigrated to the United States. In the following decade, the number increased to 44,000. From 1981 to 1990, approximately 64,400 Thai citizens moved to the United States.

The general trend of Thai immigration can be stated at a relatively steady rising pace save for the peak in 2006, which marks the dissolution of the Thai Parliament in February and a subsequent coup in the following September. From 2007 to 2008, numbers dip back down to regular rate until 2009, which proceeded a year of military and political turmoil due to the disconnect between the monarchic Royal Army and the relatively newly established democratic government in 2006.

According to the 2000 census there were 150,093 Thais in the United States.

In 2009, 304,160 U.S. residents listed themselves as Thais.

Demographics
Los Angeles, California, has the largest Thai population outside of Asia. It is home to the world's first Thai Town. In 2002, it was estimated that over 80,000 Thais and Thai Americans live in Los Angeles. Other large or sizeable Thai communities are in Clark County, Nevada; Cook County, Illinois; Tarrant County, Texas; Orange County, California; San Bernardino County, California; San Diego County, California; San Francisco, California; Fresno, California; Sacramento, California; King County, Washington; Fairfax County, Virginia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Albuquerque, NM; Queens, New York; Madison, Wisconsin; Seattle, Washington; and Montgomery County, Maryland. The 2010 U.S. census counted 237,629 Thai Americans in the country, of whom 67,707 live in California.

Statistics

 * Data from Migration Policy Institute
 * Data from Pew Research Center

Thai-born population:

New legal permanent residents:

Thais who acquire US citizenship:

Cultural influence on America
Thai Americans are famous for bringing Thai cooking to the United States. Thai cuisine is popular across the country. Even non-Thai restaurants may include Thai-influenced dishes on their menu like Pad Thai and Thai tea.

Thai culture's prominence in the United States is disproportionate to their numbers. The stationing of American troops in Thailand during the Vietnam War exposed the GIs to Thai culture and cuisine, and many of them came home with Thai wives.

Political involvement
In 2003, two Thai Americans ran in municipal elections, one in Anaheim, California, the other in Houston, Texas. Both lost. However, on November 7, 2006, Gorpat Henry Charoen became the first U.S. official of Thai origin when he was elected to the La Palma City Council in California. On December 18, 2007, he became the first Thai-American mayor of a U.S. city.

In 2010, Charles Djou became the first Thai American elected to Congress; he had previously served in the Hawaii State House and Honolulu City Council.

Tammy Duckworth, a Thai-American Iraq War veteran, ran for Congress as a Democrat in Illinois's 6th district in the 2006 mid-term election. She was narrowly defeated, and served for two years as Assistant Secretary of Public and Intergovernmental Affairs for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. She was previously the director of the Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs. She was considered a likely nominee for appointment to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by Barack Obama's election to the Presidency of the United States; however, Roland Burris was appointed instead. On November 6, 2012 Duckworth was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives to represent the 8th District of Illinois. On November 8, 2016, she was elected as the junior U.S. senator from Illinois, the seat previously held by Barack Obama.

Bhumibol Adulyadej, the previous King and Head of the State of Thailand, was born at the Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on December 5, 1927. At the time, his father was studying at Harvard University. He is the only American-born monarch in history.

In 2017, Ekamon "Ek" Venin was appointed and later elected to the Borough Council in Pompton Lakes, New Jersey. In 2020, he served as Council President and was re-elected to another 3-year term.

Notable Thai Buddhist temples in the United States

 * Abhayagiri Buddhist Monastery, Redwood Valley, California
 * San Fran Dhammaram Temple, San Francisco
 * Vajiradhammapadip Temple, Centereach and Mount Vernon in New York
 * Wat Boston Buddha Vararam, Bedford, Massachusetts
 * Wat Buddhananachat of Austin, Del Valle, Texas
 * Wat Buddhasamakeevanaram, Bossier City, Louisiana
 * Wat Buddhanusorn, Fremont, California
 * Wat Carolina Buddhajakra Vanaram, Bolivia, North Carolina
 * Wat Florida Dhammaram, Kissimmee, Florida
 * Wat Mettāvarānaṁ, Valley Center, California
 * Wat Mongkolratanaram, Berkeley, California
 * Wat Mongkolratanaram, Tampa, Florida
 * Wat Nawamintararachutis, Raynham, Massachusetts
 * Wat Pasantidhamma, Carrollton, Virginia

Notable people

 * Miranda Nild, professional soccer player
 * Pornthip Nakhirunkanok Simon, Miss Universe 1988
 * Allison Sansom, Miss Universe Thailand 2014
 * Anthony Ampaipitakwong, professional soccer player
 * Todd Angkasuwan, music video and documentary film director
 * Chang and Eng Bunker, Siamese twins
 * Anthony Burch, writer of video game Borderlands 2
 * Amanda Mildred Carr, BMX racer
 * Lisa Changadveja, political strategist and author
 * Michael Chaturantabut, actor and martial artist
 * Cherry Chevapravatdumrong, producer and story editor on Family Guy
 * Johnny Damon, MLB player
 * Charles Djou, politician
 * Tammy Duckworth, politician and military officer
 * Myra Molloy, singer and actress
 * Lada Engchawadechasilp, beauty pageant queen
 * Kevin Kaesviharn, football player
 * Sanit Khewhok, artist
 * Eric Koston, professional skater
 * Lynn Kriengkrairut, ice dancer
 * Nicolene Limsnukan, Miss Thailand World 2018
 * Nichkhun, singer
 * Thakoon Panichgul, fashion designer
 * Utt Panichkul, actor, model and VJ
 * Ben Parr, author
 * John Pippy, politician
 * Stacy Prammanasudh, golfer
 * Jocelyn Seagrave, television actress
 * Alex Sink, former Chief Financial Officer for the state of Florida
 * Prim Siripipat, sportscaster
 * Brenda Song, actress
 * Ashly Burch, actress
 * Tamarine Tanasugarn, professional tennis player
 * Kevin Tancharoen, dancer, choreographer, television producer and film director
 * Maurissa Tancharoen, actress, singer, dancer, television producer/writer and lyricist
 * Chrissy Teigen, model, TV host, food blogger
 * Traphik or Timothy DeLaGhetto, rapper, comedian, and videographer on YouTube
 * David Wagner (soccer), United States men's national soccer team striker of Thai descent.
 * Tiger Woods, professional golfer
 * Tata Young, singer, actress and former model who lives in Bangkok
 * Janie Tienphosuwan, actress
 * Prince Gomolvilas, playwright
 * Pop Mhan, comic book writer
 * Dan Santat, author and winner of the 2015 Caldecott Medal.
 * Jet Tila, celebrity chef and restaurateur
 * Matt Braly, creator of Amphibia
 * Vicha Ratanapakdee, Thai-American man who was murdered in San Francisco
 * Tera Patrick, pornstar

Thai Americans in popular culture

 * Anne Boonchuy and her parents from the animated TV series Amphibia are Thai-Americans.
 * Molly McGee, Darryl McGee, Sharon McGee, Grandma Nin Suksai, David Suksai and Emmie Suksai from the animated TV series The Ghost and Molly McGee are Thai-Americans.
 * Stonecutter (Utama Somchart) and Avenger X (Cressida) from Marvel Comics are Thai-Americans.

title: Thai Americans


text:
User:Sabre23t/Featured articles

Extracted from Featured articles ...

ODP

 * Wikipedia: Pufferfish Also known as blowfish or fugu. Provides consumption history, poisoning, social aspects, availability and species table. (Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Chordata/Fish/Bony/Tetraodontiformes/)
 * Wikipedia: London Underground Background, layout of each lines, history, tickets, station accessibility, tube map and future expansion. (Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/London/Transport/Underground/)

title: User:Sabre23t/Featured articles


text:
Category:Emetics

For anti-nausea drugs, see Category:Antiemetics.

title: Category:Emetics


text:
The Ugly American

The Ugly American is a 1958 political novel by Eugene Burdick and William Lederer that depicts the failures of the U.S. diplomatic corps in Southeast Asia.

The book caused a sensation in diplomatic circles and had major political implications. The Peace Corps was established during the Kennedy administration partly as a result of the book. The bestseller has remained continuously in print and is one of the most influential American political novels. It has been called an "iconic Cold War text."

Authors
William Lederer was an American author and captain in the U.S. Navy who served as special assistant to the commander in chief of U.S. forces in the Pacific and Asian theater.

Eugene Burdick was an American political scientist, novelist, and non-fiction writer, and served in the Navy during World War II. The two met in the build-up to the Vietnam War.

The authors were disillusioned with the style and substance of U.S. diplomatic efforts in Southeast Asia. They sought to demonstrate through their writings their belief that American officials and civilians could make a substantial difference in Southeast Asian politics if they were willing to learn local languages, follow local customs and employ regional military tactics.

Historical and political
The book was very much a product of its times and historical context.

In 1958 the Cold War was in full force, pitting the two geopolitical giants, the United States and the Soviet Union, against each other for military and geopolitical influence and dominance. NATO and the Warsaw Pact divided Europe into two competing visions of the world: the Western world viewed countries in the Eastern Bloc as behind an Iron Curtain, as evidenced by the failed Hungarian Revolution. The Eastern Bloc countered by portraying itself as the liberator of countries that were still in thrall to colonialist machinations, as evidenced by banana republics. The nuclear arms race was underway with the U.S. well ahead initially, but by 1955, the Soviets had exploded a hydrogen bomb and were beginning to catch up, sparking fears of nuclear armageddon.

The Soviet launching of Sputnik into orbit in 1957 gave the Soviets a huge technological and propaganda victory and sparked a crisis of confidence in the United States and worries about falling behind technologically and militarily. In Asia, the French had left Indochina in 1954 after their defeat at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu and the U.S. became involved in Vietnam to fill the perceived power vacuum. The U.S. and the Soviets struggled for preeminence in the Third World through proxies in Latin America, Africa, and Asia.

In the Middle East, the U.S. feared the spread of Communism starting in Egypt and attempted to secure the region's most populous and politically powerful country for the West by guarantees of funding for construction of the Aswan Dam, but it was eventually the Soviets who prevailed. Soviet diplomatic and political successes in the Third World left the West worried about losing one country after another to Communism according to the domino theory invoked by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

It was in this atmosphere of fear, mistrust, and uncertainty in the United States about Soviet military and technological might and Communist political success in unaligned nations of the Third World that the novel was published in 1958, with an immediate impact.

Content
The book depicts the failures of the U.S. diplomatic corps, whose insensitivity to local language, culture, and customs and refusal to integrate were in marked contrast to the polished abilities of Eastern Bloc (primarily Soviet) diplomacy and led to Communist diplomatic success overseas.

Title
The title of the novel is a play on Graham Greene's 1955 novel The Quiet American and was sometimes confused with it.

The "Ugly American" of the book title refers to the book's hero, plain-looking engineer Homer Atkins, whose "calloused and grease-blackened hands always reminded him that he was an ugly man." Atkins, who lives with the local people, comes to understand their needs, and offers genuinely useful assistance with small-scale projects such as the development of a simple bicycle-powered water pump.

Setting
The novel takes place in a fictional nation called Sarkhan (an imaginary country in Southeast Asia that somewhat resembles Laos, but which is meant to allude to Vietnam) and includes several real people, most of whose names have been changed. The book describes the United States' losing struggle against Communism because of the ineptitude and the bungling of the U.S. diplomatic corps stemming from innate arrogance and their failure to understand the local culture. The book implies that the Communists were successful because they practiced tactics similar to those of protagonist Homer Atkins.

Category and structure
The book is written as a series of interrelated vignettes. It was originally commissioned by the publisher as a work of nonfiction, but was changed to a fictionalized novel at an editor's suggestion. The authors say in the introduction that the work represents "the rendering of fact into fiction."

Plot summary
In one vignette, a Burmese journalist says, "For some reason, the [American] people I meet in my country are not the same as the ones I knew in the United States. A mysterious change seems to come over Americans when they go to a foreign land. They isolate themselves socially. They live pretentiously. They are loud and ostentatious."

The American Ambassador "Lucky" Lou Sears confines himself to his comfortable diplomatic compound in the capital. The Soviet ambassador speaks the local language and understands the local culture. He informs his Moscow superiors that Sears "keeps his people tied up with meetings, social events, and greeting and briefing the scores of senators, congressmen, generals, admirals, under secretaries of state and defense, and so on, who come pouring through here to 'look for themselves.'" Sears undermines the creative efforts to head off the communist insurgency.

Characters in real life
According to an article published in Newsweek in May 1959, the "real" "Ugly American" was identified as an International Cooperation Administration technician named Otto Hunerwadel, who, with his wife Helen, served in Burma from 1949 until his death in 1952. They lived in the villages, where they taught farming techniques, and helped to start home canning industries.

Another of the book's characters, Colonel Hillandale, appears to have been modeled on the real-life U.S. Air Force Major General Edward Lansdale, who was an expert in counter-guerrilla operations.

Popularity
The book was serialized in The Saturday Evening Post in the Fall of 1958, and came out as a Book of the Month Club selection in October.

The book became an instant bestseller, going through 20 printings from July to November 1958, remaining on the bestseller list for a year and a half, and ultimately selling four million copies. The book caused a sensation in diplomatic circles. John F. Kennedy was so impressed with the book that he sent a copy to each of his colleagues in the United States Senate. The book was one of the biggest bestsellers in the U.S., has been in print continuously since it appeared, and is one of the most politically influential novels in all of American literature.

After the book had gained wide readership, the term "Ugly American" came to be used to refer to the "loud and ostentatious" type of visitor in another country rather than the "plain looking folks, who are not afraid to 'get their hands dirty' like Homer Atkins" to whom the book itself referred.

Reviews
Given the mood of fear and uncertainty in the U.S. at the time due to Sputnik and other perceived failures in the struggles of the Cold War, a book about diplomatic failures in Southeast Asia was well-aligned with the Zeitgeist and primed to catch attention. The book was lavishly praised in the San Francisco Chronicle, The New York Times Book Review, and the Chicago Tribune, with reviewers adding their own anecdotes about boorish behavior on the part of Americans abroad. A reviewer in Catholic World linked it to The Quiet American and said that the book was trying to answer some of the questions raised by Greene's book.

Reviews in some news or opinion publications reflected the varying opinions extant during the Cold War public debate. A reviewer in Time called it a "crude series of black-and-white-cartoons" while the Saturday Review, and The Nation also disapproved of overly simplistic characters.

Contemporary reaction
The book was published in the waning days of the Eisenhower administration. Reportedly as a result of the book, Eisenhower ordered an investigation of the U.S. foreign aid program. As the presidential campaign of 1960 heated up, the issues raised in the book became a campaign issue for the Democratic Party.

Presidential politics
Lasting impacts in the Kennedy administration included President Kennedy's national physical fitness program, his statement of America's willingness to "bear any burden" in the Third World, the founding of the Peace Corps, the build-up of American Special Forces, and emphasis on counterinsurgency tactics in fighting communists in South Vietnam. According to British documentary film maker Adam Curtis, Senator and future U.S. President "John F. Kennedy was gripped by The Ugly American. In 1960, he and five other opinion leaders bought a large advertisement in The New York Times, saying that they had sent copies of the novel to every U.S. senator because its message was so important."

President Lyndon Baines Johnson made reference to the term Ugly American in his Great Society speech to a 1964 university graduating class, and it was by then used as a pejorative expression for generally offensive behavior by Americans abroad.

Peace Corps
Senator Hubert Humphrey first introduced a bill in Congress in 1957 for the formation of a Peace Corps aimed primarily at development in the Third World, but "it did not meet with much enthusiasm" and the effort failed. The Ugly American was published the following year. Senator Kennedy first mentioned the idea of creating a Peace Corps during his campaign for President in 1960 and in March 1961, two months after his inauguration, Kennedy announced the establishment of the Peace Corps. Kennedy and other members of the administration viewed the Peace Corps as their answer to the problems described in The Ugly American.

Criticism
Presidents, Senators, and Congressmen alluded to the book or quoted from it, either as commentary or to further their objectives, or to criticize it. Senator J. William Fulbright, powerful chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, criticized the book from the Senate floor, declaring that it contained "phony" claims of incompetence, and that it was a follow-up to McCarthy era treason charges. Historian Daniel Immerwahr wrote that the book promoted the idea that Americans, if they conducted themselves properly, could solve the problems of the Third World.

Long-term impact
The title entered the English language for a type of character portrayed in the book. The book is one of a very few works of fiction that had a profound and lasting impact on American political debate, along with such works as Uncle Tom's Cabin and The Jungle.

In 2009 an article appeared in The New York Times Book Review about the book's impact since it was first published. The reviewer wrote that "the book's enduring resonance may say less about its literary merits than about its failure to change American attitudes. Today, as the battle for hearts and minds has shifted to the Middle East, we still can't speak Sarkhanese."

A 2011 book on Arab–American relations took its title in part from the book, recalled the sense of diplomatic bungling in Southeast Asia portrayed in the book, and pointed out that many Arab commentators likened American mistakes in Iraq to those in Southeast Asia.

Related works
Lederer and Burdick later published a 1965 novel called Sarkhan, about the Communist threat and Washington politics in Southeast Asia. After thousands of copies which had been available in bookstores seemed to disappear from the shelves, the authors became convinced that government agencies were behind an attempt to suppress the book. After a decade of unavailability, it was republished in 1977 under the title The Deceptive American.

1963 film
The film version of the novel was made in 1963 and starred Marlon Brando as Ambassador Harrison Carter MacWhite. The Ugly American received mixed reviews and did poorly at the box office.

title: The Ugly American


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Luke McCormick

It's a sports player who started this year and had a minor impact on a core base of Plymouth Argyle fans. I feel it's injustifiable even from an eventualist viewpoint. "John McCommon held the third place in this year's zambian chess championship" syntax recorded syntax

Well done John McCommon. I welcome that piece of knowledge. In the same way, some John McCommon fans may welcome this piece of Luke McCormick information. It is useful, with clear room for expansion. Keep SimonMayer 11:05, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Perfectly reasonable article. I bet we have loads of articles about obscure Star Trek characters. Keep Trilobite (Talk) 03:37, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
User:Rec syn

Too lazy to write an user page. Perhaps, eventually.

I have a weblog. In portuguese. Ask me for its address, no point in spamming it here :)

title: User:Rec syn


text:
Talk:USS Kleinsmith

De-DANFSification
All but the first sentence is a cut&paste from US gvnmt site--probably could use some cleanup/wikification - Unsigned comment by User: Niteowlneils 22:06, August 7, 2004

title: Talk:USS Kleinsmith


text:
Snoqualmie Indian Tribe

The Snoqualmie Indian Tribe is a federally recognized tribe of Snoqualmie people. They are Coast Salish Native American peoples from the Snoqualmie Valley in east King and Snohomish Counties in Washington state. Other names for the Snoqualmies include Snoqualmu, Snoqualmoo, Snoqualmick, Snoqualamuke, and Snuqualmi.

History
Some Snoqualmies settled onto the Tulalip Reservation after signing the Point Elliott Treaty with the Washington Territory in 1855, but many remained in their ancestral homelands around the Snoqualmie Valley and Lake Sammamish. At that time they were one of the largest tribes in the Puget Sound region numbering around 4,000. In 1937 the Federal Government proposed granting a reservation though in the end the land was never given. The tribe lost federal recognition in 1953. In October 1999, the Bureau of Indian Affairs once again granted recognition to the Snoqualmie.

They purchased land for and were granted a reservation near Snoqualmie, Washington, on which the tribe opened the Snoqualmie Casino in 2008. They have tried and failed on several occasions to secure a reservation on their ancestral lands along the Tolt River (a tributary of the Snoqualmie River) until the Snoqualmie Tribe Ancestral Forest was purchased by the tribe at the end of 2021. The 12,000 acre in East King County holds environmental, economic, and historic value to the tribe. The land, most recently used for industrial timber, will be sustainably harvested while the ecosystem is managed to support the native plant and wildlife populations.

Government
The Snoqualmie Tribe is governed by a Tribal constitution and an elected Council. The Tribe's governing structure includes building codes, health codes and other standard governmental functions.

title: Snoqualmie Indian Tribe


text:
Category:Compilers

The Category:Compilers relates to pages about computer-language compilers (and interpreters).

title: Category:Compilers


text:
Keychain

A keychain (also key fob or keyring) is a small ring or chain of metal to which several keys can be attached. The length of a keychain allows an item to be used more easily than if connected directly to a keyring. Some keychains allow one or both ends to rotate, keeping the keychain from becoming twisted, while the item is being used. A keychain can also be a connecting link between a keyring and the belt of an individual. It is usually employed by personnel whose job demands frequent use of keys, such as a security guard, prison officer, janitor, or retail store manager. The chain is often retractable, and therefore may be a nylon rope, instead of an actual metal chain. The chain ensures that the keys remain attached to the individual using them, makes accidental loss less likely, and saves on wear and tear on the pockets of the user.

Use of keychains
Keychains are one of the most common souvenir and advertising items. Keychains are commonly used to promote businesses. A standard advertising keychain will carry the business's name and contact information, and often a logo.

In the 1950s and 1960s, with the improvement of plastic manufacturing techniques, promotional items including keychains became unique. Businesses could place their names on promotional keychains that were three-dimensional for less cost than the standard metal keychains.

Keychains are small and inexpensive enough to become promotional items for larger national companies that might give them out by the millions. For example, with the launch of a new movie or television show, those companies might partner with food companies to provide a character keychain in each box of cereal.

Keychains that currently hold keys are an item that is never long misplaced by the owner. People sometimes attach their keychain to their belt (or belt loop) to avoid loss or to allow quick access to it. Many keychains also offer functions that the owner wants easily accessible as well. These include an army knife, bottle opener, an electronic organizer, scissors, address book, family photos, nail clipper, pill case and even pepper spray. Modern cars often include a keychain that serves as a remote to lock/unlock the car or even start the engine. An electronic key finder is also a useful item found on many keys that will beep when summoned for quick finding when misplaced.

Keyring
A keyring or "split ring" is a circle cotter that holds keys and other small items, which are sometimes connected to keychains. Other types of keyrings are made of leather, wood and rubber. Keyrings were invented in the 19th century by Samuel Harrison. The most common form of the keyring is a single piece of metal in a 'double loop'. Either end of the loop can be pried open to allow a key to be inserted and slid along the spiral until it becomes wholly engaged onto the ring. Novelty carabiners are also commonly used as keyrings for ease of access and exchange. Often the keyring is adorned with a key fob for self-identification. Other forms of rings may use a single loop of metal or plastic with a mechanism to open and securely close the loop.

Key fob
A key fob is a generally decorative and at times useful item many people often carry with their keys, on a ring or a chain, for ease of tactile identification, to provide a better grip, or to make a personal statement. The word fob may be linked to the low German dialect for the word Fuppe, meaning "pocket"; however, the real origin of the word is uncertain. Fob pockets (meaning 'sneak proof' from the German word foppen) were pockets meant to deter thieves. A short "fob chain" was used to attach to items, like a pocket watch, placed in these pockets.

Fobs vary considerably in size, style and functionality. Most commonly they are simple discs of smooth metal or plastic, typically with a message or symbol such as that of a logo (as with conference trinkets) or a sign of an important group affiliation. A fob may be symbolic or strictly aesthetic, but it can also be a small tool. Many fobs are small flashlights, compasses, calculators, penknives, discount cards, bottle openers, security tokens, and USB flash drives. As electronic technology continues to become smaller and cheaper, miniature key-fob versions of (previously) larger devices are becoming common, such as digital photo frames, remote control units for garage door openers, barcode scanners and simple video games (e.g. Tamagotchi) or other gadgets such as breathalyzers.

Some retail establishments such as gasoline stations keep their bathrooms locked and customers must ask for the key from the attendant. In such cases the key often has a very large fob so that customers will not automatically pocket and walk off with the key after completing their ablutions. Key fobs offering added functionalities connected to online services may require additional subscription payment to access them.

Access control key fobs
Access control key fobs are electronic key fobs that are used for controlling access to buildings or vehicles. They are used for activating such things as remote keyless entry systems on motor vehicles. Early electric key fobs operated using infrared and required a clear line-of-sight to function. These could be copied using a programmable remote control. More recent models use challenge–response authentication over radio frequency, so these are harder to copy and do not need line-of-sight to operate. Programming these remotes sometimes requires the automotive dealership to connect a diagnostic tool, but many of them can be self-programmed by following a sequence of steps in the vehicle and usually requires at least one working key.

Key fobs are used in apartment buildings and condominium buildings for controlling access to common areas (for example, lobby doors, storage areas, fitness room, pool). These usually contain a passive RFID tag. The fob operates in much the same manner as a proximity card to communicate (via a reader pad) with a central server for the building, which can be programmed to allow access only to those areas in which the tenant or owner is permitted to access, or only within certain time frames.

Remote workers may also use a security token – an electronic device often referred to as a fob – that provides one part of a three-way match to log in over an unsecure computer network connection to a secure network. (A well-known example is the RSA SecurID token.) This kind of key fob may have a keypad on which the user must enter a PIN to retrieve an access code, or it could be a display-only device.

RFID key fobs can be easily cloned with tools like the Proxmark3, and there are several companies in America that offer this service.

Costs
The cost of keychains in the United States varies widely depending on their purpose. Advertising keychains begin at only a few cents a piece to a few dollars each. They are normally purchased in large quantities, often over 500 at a time.

Keychains are found in retail stores to represent things such as television shows, movies, video games, nostalgia, hobbies, interests, and personalities. These keychains cost from US$1 up to US$10 and more.

Electronic keychains including games and small organizers start at a few dollars and can be up to US$50. Other keychain electronics including cameras, digital photo frames, and USB drives cost US$10 to US$100.

Souvenir keychains are popular. They represent a trip or a location that a person is visiting. These typically cost between US$1 and US$10.

As a collectible item
The most popular focused keychain collections are advertising, souvenir, monument, popular characters and nostalgia-related items.

Collectors display and store their keychains in several different ways. Some collections are small enough that the collector can place all of their keychains on their standard key ring. Some larger collections can be stored and displayed on dowels, cork boards, tool racks, on large link chains, in display cases, hung on walls, displayed on Christmas trees. Some collections are large enough that entire rooms are dedicated to the keychain collection.

According to Guinness World Records, the largest collection of keychains consists of 62,257 items, achieved by Angel Alvarez Cornejo in Sevilla, Spain, as verified on 25 June 2016. His collection began at the age of 7. Due to the tremendous size of his collection he now stores his keychains in his garage and a rented warehouse.

The previous record holder was Brent Dixon of Georgia, United States with the largest collection of keychains, at 41,418 non-duplicated ones.

Keychains do not hold their value as well as other collections. A standard keychain that was purchased for five dollars new may only be worth less than a dollar once it has been owned regardless of condition.

Computer keychains
By analogy to the physical object, the terms keychain and keyring are often used for software that stores cryptographic keys. The term keychain was first introduced in a series of IBM developerWorks articles. The term is used in GNU Privacy Guard to store known keys on a keyring. Mac OS X uses a password storage system called Keychain. A "keyring" is also the name of a password manager application working under the GNOME desktop manager (used for example in Ubuntu operating system). In cryptography a keyring is a database of multiple keys or passwords. There are also portable password manager programs, such as Keepass and KeePassX.

title: Keychain


text:
Vera Miles

Vera June Miles (née Ralston; born August 23, 1929) is an American retired actress, best known for roles in the John Ford directed, John Wayne starring Westerns The Searchers (1956) and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962) as well as for playing Lila Crane in the Alfred Hitchcock film Psycho, later reprising the role in its sequel, Psycho II.

Other films in which she appeared include Tarzan's Hidden Jungle (1955), The Wrong Man (1956), A Touch of Larceny (1959), Follow Me, Boys! (1966), Hellfighters (1968), Sergeant Ryker (1968), and Molly and Lawless John (1972).

Early life
Vera June Ralston was born in Boise City, Oklahoma, on August 23, 1929, to Thomas and Bernice (née Wyrick) Ralston. She had three older brothers.

She grew up first in Pratt, Kansas, and later lived in Wichita, where she worked nights as a Western Union operator-typist and graduated from Wichita North High School in 1947. She was crowned Miss Kansas in 1948 and was the third runner-up in the Miss America contest.

Career
Miles moved to Los Angeles in 1949 and landed small roles in television and film, including a minor role as a chorus girl in Two Tickets to Broadway (1951), a musical starring Janet Leigh, with whom Miles would co-star nine years later in the classic Alfred Hitchcock film Psycho. She used her first husband's name, Miles, because there already was a Vera Ralston film actress. Miles eventually was put under contract at various studios. She once recalled, "I was dropped by the best studios in town."

Miles's first credited film appearance was in The Rose Bowl Story (1952), a romantic comedy in which she played a Tournament of Roses queen. While under contract to Warner Bros., Miles was cast alongside her future husband Gordon Scott in the 1955 film Tarzan's Hidden Jungle as Tarzan's love interest. The following year, she was cast by director John Ford as Jeffrey Hunter's love interest in the John Wayne Western The Searchers (1956), and appeared in the movies Wichita, directed by Jacques Tourneur and 23 Paces to Baker Street with Van Johnson. Also in 1956, Miles starred as Rose Balestrero, the fragile wife of Manny Balestrero, a musician falsely accused of a crime and played by Henry Fonda, in the film The Wrong Man. The movie was directed by Alfred Hitchcock, and is one of only a few Hitchcock films based on real-life events.

Signing a five-year personal contract with Hitchcock in 1957, Miles was widely publicized as the director's potential successor to Grace Kelly. Two years prior, Hitchcock had directed Miles in the role of Ralph Meeker's emotionally troubled new bride in "Revenge", the pilot episode of his television series Alfred Hitchcock Presents.

Vertigo (1958), a project Hitchcock designed as a showcase for his new star, was met with production delays. Miles's subsequent pregnancy would cost her the lead role which eventually went to Kim Novak. Vertigo (which also starred James Stewart) was not a financial or critical success at the time, with Hitchcock claiming that Novak was miscast. Despite Hitchcock's disappointment regarding Vertigo, he continued to work with Miles, eventually casting her in what is arguably the role for which she is most remembered, that of Lila Crane in Psycho. In the film, she portrayed the determined sister of the doomed motel guest Marion Crane (Janet Leigh), who teams up with Marion's boyfriend and a private investigator to find her. Miles later appeared in two episodes of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (in 1962 and 1965).

In 1962, Miles reunited with director John Ford for the film The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. Starring alongside her former co-star from The Searchers, John Wayne, she is pursued by both Wayne and James Stewart, two very different men competing for her hand in marriage.

In addition to her film appearances, Miles was featured in many popular television shows throughout her career, including Gunsmoke, Wagon Train, Laramie, The Twilight Zone, and the Western series Riverboat, starring Darren McGavin and Burt Reynolds. She co-starred in the first episode of ABC's The Fugitive (titled "Fear in a Desert City") and guest-starred in episodes of The Outer Limits, Burke's Law, The Eleventh Hour, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., and Ironside.

In 1965, Miles had a supporting role in three episodes of the CBS series My Three Sons. The same year, she co-starred with lead actors Robert Culp and Bill Cosby in the pilot episode of the TV series I Spy entitled "Affair in T'Sien Cha" (although the pilot was not actually broadcast until midway through the series's first season).

Other notable films in which Miles appeared included the Walt Disney film Follow Me, Boys! (1966) with Fred MacMurray. In Hellfighters (1968), she played Katharine Ross' mother although she is only 10 years Ross's senior. The film also reunited her with John Wayne. Miles had filmed scenes with Wayne for the movie The Green Berets (also 1968), playing Wayne's character's wife. However, with Warner Bros. wanting more action in the film, her scenes were cut.

Miles continued to appear in numerous TV films and TV series during the 1970s, including the pilot for the TV series Cannon (broadcast in March 1971) as the wife of a deceased war comrade of private investigator Frank Cannon, played by William Conrad. Miles also appeared on the pilot of Hollywood Squares in 1966. She guest-starred in a further two episodes of the series in different roles during its run. In 1973, she appeared alongside Peter Falk in "Lovely But Lethal", an episode of NBC's Columbo, playing a cosmetics queen who commits murder. She also made guest appearances in episodes of Hawaii Five-O, The Streets of San Francisco, and Fantasy Island.

In 1983, more than 20 years after Psycho, Miles reprised the role of Lila Crane in Psycho II, joining Anthony Perkins in the sequel. Miles and Perkins were the only stars of the original film to appear in this second installment. Miles continued to appear in a number of TV and film productions during the 1980s, with appearances in the movies The Initiation (1984) and Into the Night (1985), and guest-starring in episodes of the TV series The Love Boat (1982 and 1984) and Hotel (1984 and 1987). She appeared in three episodes of Murder, She Wrote (broadcast in 1985, 1990, and 1991, respectively). The 1991 episode, titled "Thursday's Child", was her final television role. Her last acting role was in the film Separate Lives (1995). She then retired from the industry.

Personal life
Miles was married four times. Her first husband was stuntman and bit-part actor Bob Miles. They were married from 1948 to 1954, and had two daughters, Debra and Kelley. Her second husband was actor and bodybuilder Gordon Scott, her co-star in Tarzan's Hidden Jungle. They were married from 1956 to 1960 and had one son, Michael. Her third husband was actor Keith Larsen. They were married from 1960 to 1971 and had one son, Erik. Miles was married to her fourth husband, director Robert Jones, from 1973 until their divorce in 1975.

Miles' first three former husbands died within a short time of each other: Larsen died on December 13, 2006; Miles four months later, on April 12, 2007; and Scott died another 18 days later, on April 30, 2007.

One of her grandsons, actor Jordan Essoe, met with actress Jessica Biel in 2012 in preparation for Biel's portrayal of Miles in the film Hitchcock.

Miles is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. She also had been a frequent visitor to Salt Lake City, Utah, was greatly involved in the Boy Scouts of America, and is a member of the Hollywood California Stake.

Miles supported the re-election of Dwight D. Eisenhower during the 1956 United States presidential election.

title: Vera Miles


text: User talk:68.237.60.41

title: User talk:68.237.60.41


text:
Talk:Sacroiliac joint

Untitled
This page was original created as Ileosacral joint, but renamed to Sacroiliac joint, as the second term is by far the more common term. No text changed except that necessary to reflect the name change. SWAdair | Talk 02:32, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Deleted text
I've taken this out. — Cryptoid 4 July 2005 08:48 (UTC)

 * The joint is a vigorously elaborated-on subject of many practitioners in massage techniques. Yet some orthopedists reportedly doubt that it really is a joint, or even exists at all, including one orthopaedic specialist who, as he said, was referring to a 2004 international congress held at a German university's school of medicine.

See my below comment. Furthermore it must be classified as a joint, even if it is hardly mobile. The reason being that the stiffening of the junction trhough arthritis and less flexible ligaments gives loss of function, such as problems in shifting from flexion of the hip to full extension. If my sources in medical litterature, which are up to date, are correct, then there are indeed synovial traits related to the anterior aspect of the joints, which implies a synovial membrane with fluid, then it is most certainly a joint structure, and could be classified in no other way. Anything else would have to be original research or too new to have a common consensus within the community, thus violating the purpose of the article. Madskile 06:30, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

The Message
Could this be what is referred to in a line from the 'The Message' by Grandmaster Flash and The Furious Five? "Can't stop to turn around/broke my ?sacroiliac?." --62.31.12.18 22:39, 4 December 2006 (UTC) There was a very good study published in the early 1980's in Spine Journal that made a good case for classifying the sacroiliac joint as synovial. Another study compared x-rays and CT scans and showed that x-rays were of dubious value often giving the fals impression of fused joint structure negated by the ct scans.72.193.72.135 05:11, 20 December 2006 (UTC) He is speaking of injuries due to breakdancing. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.80.245.143 (talk) 05:52, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

Grand Master Flash
He is refering to break dancing. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 65.124.164.183 (talk) 18:37, 26 February 2007 (UTC).

No Flash isn't referring to break dancing. Although there is a move that is called the same thing.

Flash is referring to aches and pains of living in the city.

Neon King Kong doesn't sound like rap dancer either, rather its the enforcer... the alpha male of the block. the one who ones the territory and collects his cut.

121.217.227.53 (talk) 04:31, 11 March 2014 (UTC)

Blondie
Debbie Harry ( Blondie ) also had some sensation in hers during "Rapture". Maybe the Man from Mars caused it.

10cc meant it that way. "C'mon back do the sacro-iliac Won't you come on back do the sacro-iliac".. What do you do in the back room ?

THere's a whole heap of other references to the same word in lyrics.. Sinatra, Jerry Lee Lewis, Crosby, Loius Armstrong, even Charlie Daniels .. in georgia. ...

121.217.227.53 (talk) 04:31, 11 March 2014 (UTC)

 * Sounds like an excellent case for a "Cultural legacy" section or similar. Surely a first for what is basically an entry on human anatomy? Dotdotdotcomma (talk) 09:28, 17 November 2023 (UTC)

Joint classification
The two sacroiliac joints are each divided into an anterior synovial and a posterior syndesmotic joint, whilst it is often commonly argued that the joint as a whole might best be described as amphiartrotic in character. Moores' clinically oriented anatomy describes it as the first, and so does an old Thieme Flexibook I have on the Locomotor system, however the latter is currently being taught at medical schools throughout Europe. Is there any more recent references which can make a conclusion possible? Joint classification is after all one of the more interesting points regarding this joint. Madskile 06:23, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

Missing ligament?
I believe this article should be linked where the other two ligaments have been: Interosseous sacroiliac ligament

This might be a minor point, but I believe important as people may not know that another section of the ligament exists. Alty 10:20, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

New Image?
This image for the sacroiliac joint does not clarify where the joint (joints?) actually are. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mary Jewel (talk • contribs) 14:18, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

Specialized Doctor / Treatment
What kind of doctor specializes in treatment for this joint? What type of imaging can capture this area? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Mary Jewel (talk • contribs) 14:18, 2 February 2008 (UTC)

The pelvic girdle as a whole
A remark on the section 'Function'. None of the movements in the sacroiliac joint would seem geometrically possible were the pelvis stiff and inflexible. Shouldn't there be some mentioning of the pubic symphysis which, as I guess, by bending, gliding, or spreading must cooperate in the overall deformation of the pelvic girdle? -- Binse (talk) 00:09, 3 April 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your comment, . It is always a bit daunting to edit a medical/anatomy article, but please feel free to correct any mistakes or oversights you see, or add new content. If you an interest in anatomical articles, please feel free to join us at WP:ANATOMY. --LT910001 (talk) 00:38, 3 April 2014 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Sacroiliac joint. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160304222400/http://www.rehmed.pl/article/14,69.html to http://www.rehmed.pl/article/14,69.html

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 07:22, 11 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sacroiliac joint


text:
Talk:Plainsong

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Jsm81017.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 06:44, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

Needs expansion
As the link indicates, we've only touched the surface of this important subject. With Plainchant redirecting to Gregorian Chant right now, people will think that "plainsong" is synonymous with Gregorian Chant, when in fact they are not the same.

I'll try adding more information later. --Ardonik 02:34, 2004 Aug 8 (UTC)

 * You are correct: it is a huge and important topic.  There are still vast missing areas in Wikicoverage of music prior to the Renaissance; I've been filling in a few.  Glad to see someone else is interested!  Antandrus 02:37, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

What is the rationale for saying "The use of plainsong is now mostly confined to the Monastic Orders." I hear plainsong used reasonably often by (Catholic) congregations and lay choirs here in England, as well as when I've worked abroad.--Robotforaday 13:09, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

This following paragraph needs more attention; the rational is conflicting. If there are four lines on a staff that appear to indicate pitch, what do they indicate if not pitch? As the number of chants in the church's repertoire increased, officials needed a better way to standardize the music.[3] A unique form of musical notation was developed to help standardize the music and provide a reference for the performers and audience alike.[1] The musical notations that were used were called neumes, and they are employed on a four-line staff, unlike the five-line staff we are accustomed to today.[3] The neumes are placed above the chant's words to help the performer identify the piece's melody but did not specify the pitches or intervals that needed to be sung.[1] Even though there were written musical manuscripts, the performers still needed to memorize the chants through oral traditions before interpreting the notation.[1] It was not until the eleventh century that musical pitches were being integrated into written music.[1] — Preceding unsigned comment added by Johns568 (talk • contribs) 20:43, 12 February 2024 (UTC)

Link
The link at the bottom doesn't work Kisch 12:18, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Melisma
There's some information in Melisma that might be appropriate to include here. (Not my area of expertise, though.) Askari Mark (Talk) 01:59, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Sacra Musica
I moved this text: free scores. Sacra Musica "Sacra Musica" has been around in the article for a while, but it seems to be a bit of a loose end. I wonder if it should be somewhere else, or simply deleted.2603:6010:4E42:500:51F:7970:632B:3A3F (talk) 01:17, 4 May 2021 (UTC)

History
please give evidence of the link between Jewish synagogue music. Thanks 94.173.17.182 (talk) 10:22, 19 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Plainsong


text:
Luigi Vanvitelli

Luigi Vanvitelli (12 May 1700 – 1 March 1773), known in Dutch as Lodewijk van Wittel, was an Italian architect and painter. The most prominent 18th-century architect of Italy, he practised a sober classicising academic Late Baroque style that made an easy transition to Neoclassicism.

Biography
Vanvitelli was born in Naples, the son of an Italian woman, Anna Lorenzani, and a Dutch painter of land and cityscapes (veduta), Caspar van Wittel, who also used the name Vanvitelli.

He was trained in Rome by the architect Nicola Salvi, with whom he worked on the construction of the Trevi Fountain. Following his notable successes in the competitions for the facade of the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano (1732) and the facade of Palazzo Poli behind the Trevi Fountain, Pope Clement XII sent him to the Marche to build some papal projects. At Ancona in 1732, he devised the vast Lazaretto, a pentagonal building covering more than 20,000 square meters, built to protect the military defensive authorities from the risk of contagious diseases potentially reaching the town with the ships. Later it was used also as a military hospital or as barracks.

In Rome, Vanvitelli stabilized the dome of St. Peter's Basilica when it developed cracks and found time to paint frescos in a chapel at Sant Cecilia in Trastevere. He also built a bridge over the Calore Irpino in Benevento.

Beginning in 1742 Vanvitelli designed (along with Nicola Salvi) the Chapel of St. John the Baptist for King John V of Portugal. It was built in Rome, disassembled in 1747, and shipped to Lisbon, where it was reassembled in the Church of St. Roch (Igreja de São Roque). It was completed in 1750, although the mosaics in it were not finished until 1752. Built of many precious marbles and other costly stones, as well as gilt bronze, it was held to be the most expensive chapel in Europe up to that time.

Reggia di Caserta

Vanvitelli's technical and engineering capabilities, together with his sense of scenographic drama led Charles VII of Naples (later King Charles III of Spain) to commission the grand Palace of Caserta, intended as a fresh start for administering the ungovernable Kingdom of Naples. Charles VII of Naples desired a palace which would rival the Palace of Versailles and therefore commissioned Vanvitelli to create the most beautiful palace in Europe. Of all the royal palaces in the world, Caserta is by far the largest in terms of volume, with more than 2 million m³.

Included in the Reggia di Caserta was the fan-shaped Vigna del Ventaglio vineyard. Planted on sloping terrain in the San Leucio frazione near the palace, the vineyard was planted in a semicircle design subdivided into 10 segments (or "fan blades") each planted to a different grape variety. Among the varieties known to have been planted in the Vigna del Ventaglio were native Campanian varieties Pallagrello bianco and Pallagrello nero.

Vanvitelli worked on the project for the rest of his life, for Charles and for his successor Ferdinand IV. In Naples, he added to the city's royal palace (1753) and some aristocratic palaces, and churches such as the new church and monastery for the Missione ai Vergini. His engineering talents were exercised as well: for Caserta, he devised the great aqueduct system that brought water to run the cascades and fountains.

Luigi Vanvitelli died at Caserta in 1773.

title: Luigi Vanvitelli


text:
Snoqualmie Valley

The Snoqualmie Valley is a farming and timber-producing region located along the Snoqualmie River in Western Washington, United States. The valley stretches from the confluence of the three forks of the river at North Bend to the confluence of the Snoqualmie River and the Skykomish River (home to the Skykomish / Skai-whamish, a Snoqualmie band), forming the Snohomish River at Monroe. This stretch of the river includes Snoqualmie Falls. Towns in the valley are North Bend, Snoqualmie, Preston, Fall City, Carnation, and Duvall.

Hops were the major crop of this region in the late 19th century.

The valley is the ancestral home of the Snoqualmie people. The name Snoqualmie comes from the native word for "Moon the Transformer" and originates in the creation myth of the Snoqualmie people.

Culture
Although the Snoqualmie Valley consists of several cities, the main ones are Snoqualmie, North Bend, Carnation, and Duvall.

David Lynch's show Twin Peaks was filmed in the area including Snoqualmie, North Bend, and Fall City.

Transportation
The eastern side of the Snoqualmie Valley is served by State Route 203, which runs from Fall City to Monroe.

title: Snoqualmie Valley


text:
Talk:AK-47

What about AK47 In popular culture like Video Games?
Can you expand the AK47 Page for the In popular culture like video games? Pedroj234 legos (talk) 20:45, 17 September 2022 (UTC)

 * Per WP:MILPOP: "'In popular culture' sections should be avoided unless the subject has had a well-cited and notable impact on popular culture." This means we need to cite reliable, secondary, published sources that covers a particular game's impact on popular culture, not just a source that says the AK-47 was used in such and such video games. In most cases, video games aren't notable to the AK-47. What is needed is a fairly extensive article from a reliable source that examines the AK-47's impact in video games, and names several specific video games or game.series that showcase the AK-47. What we don't need is a list of every video game in which the AK-47 is seen or used, as that is not what Wikipedia is supposed to do. There are probably plenty of other websites on the Internet that do that already. BilCat (talk) 23:44, 17 September 2022 (UTC)
 * OK, time to ask a "what abouty". How about listing AK-47 in various heraldics? Say, AK-47 on Mosambique's flag? 81.89.66.133 (talk) 09:00, 27 March 2023 (UTC)

Origins - doesn't mention an earlier "avtomat" from Russian Empire
There is quite a similarity between an "avtomat" from 1940's and another "avtomat" from 1910's. Fedorov Avtomat uses 6.5mm Arisaka rounds, notorious to be weaker than 7.62 rifle rounds (2,665 J vs 3,500+ J of 7,62/.303/.30-06). How comes a Russian gun from 1910's uses Japanese rounds from 1897, you may ask? 1904-1905 war trophies!

Yet the article sorta focuses on how the Soviets were impressed by Hugo Schmeisser's Sturmgewehr, without mentioning a certain earlier automatic gun known as "avtomat" and its similarity (25-rounds box, 2,665 J energy; on par with assault rifles). The article sorta praises StG guns to be a novel and unique type of guns; that's what bothers me. 81.89.66.133 (talk) 09:16, 27 March 2023 (UTC)

 * Irrelevant comment: In Russia, nickname "шмайсер" ("schmeisser") is, somewhat erroneously, used for MP-40 SMGs. 81.89.66.133 (talk) 09:16, 27 March 2023 (UTC)

How about we split the article?
Throughout this article, "AK-47" is used in at least three meanings:

- what Kalashnikov called "AK-47", types 1-2-3, that is - prototypes and pre-production models;

- that, plus what was the first actual production model of AK-type rifle - AKM, or simply AK, although we already have a separate article for AKM;

- or any automatic rifle from the AK family in general, although - you guessed it! - we already have a Kalashnikov rifle article.

And yeah-yeah, WP:COMMONNAME, yadda-yadda. We should lie about what "AK-47" actually is. I understand that. I totally dig that! But still, this article can't keep its lie straight. And people that want to know what exactly Kalashnikov meant by "AK-47" will be left a bit puzzled after reading it. I think that's a bit of a problem. So, how about we have two versions of this article: AK-47 (or whatever is called in Western media as such), where we could keep lying incomprehensibly for the sake of WP:COMMONNAME, and AK-47 (the real thing), for people that actually want to know something about firearms? 95.48.23.137 (talk) 15:22, 3 February 2024 (UTC)
 * The article is only 146,023 bytes, I think it's covering it pretty well. If you have any actual constructive ideas for improvement to the existing verbiage, by all means, give them.  Dennis Brown 2¢ 09:00, 4 February 2024 (UTC)

YNW Melly
The AK47 features in the lyrics of "Murder on My Mind" by YNW Melly: "I wake up in the morning, I got murder on my mind, AK-47's, MAC-11, Glocks, and .9s, And all these pussy niggas hating, tryna knock me off my grind, But I can't let 'em do it, I got murder on my mind." 86.175.165.164 (talk) 17:56, 21 March 2024 (UTC)

"No. Built" seems unsupported
Killicoat's "Weaponomics" declares that the '75M AK-47, 100M AK platform' data comes from the 2004 Small Arms Survey, but after searching through the survey (https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/resource/small-arms-survey-2004-rights-risk) I couldn't find any claims of specific production numbers by model. The closest statement I could find was from Chapter 1:

"Assault rifles (also known as automatic rifles) are the most numerous and effective type of infantry weapon. Few innovations have emerged over the last years, the category being dominated by the Kalashnikov series, both in 7.62x39mm and 5.45x39mm. These rifles may be encountered almost anywhere—they are manufactured in a number of countries and are in service in nearly 80 countries (see Table 1.10). It is estimated that between 70 and 100 million of these weapons have been produced since 1947"

The 100M Kalashnikovs part lines up, albeit taking the highball figure, but 75M AK-47s is entirely absent. A matching 75/100 figure does appear in the introduction of Gordon Rottman's 2011 "The AK-47," though presented as more a casual factoid than a research result. 98.170.219.238 (talk) 05:10, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:AK-47


text:
Talk:Mancelona, Michigan

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Mancelona, Michigan. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt to https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:27, 15 January 2018 (UTC)

Current events
I removed the "current event" section from the article, because it is a long-winded unsourced section that doesn't appear to have much to do with the actual village itself. The section also keeps being blanked by unconfirmed users. A current event section might be good if it relates to actual events and the superfund information, but the section is in need of a rewrite. The section that I blanked reads as followed:

Mancelona is probably best known for its close proximity to Torch Lake, in November hosts an annual buck pole, a deer hunting contest that has drawn hunters from across the State. Additionally, Mancelona is popular due to its central location between Traverse City and Petoskey also being near many tourist areas like Bellaire, Alden, Jordan River Valley, as well as hosting the annual "Bass Festival", a four-day event featuring a Grand Parade, carnival, flea market, and other community activities. The Bass Festival is held the first weekend in June. In 1999, a new high school was opened, and renovations to the middle school were completed. Up until recently, the town had three factories. The largest factory, a Dura Automotive Systems plant, closed in February 2009 and the community has rebounded with property values increasing between 2009-2019. From 1947 to 1967, Mount Clemens Industries, Incorporated, formerly Mt. Clemens Metal Products Company, used trichloroethylene (TCE) in vapor degreasers. Afterwards, the TCE was disposed of by dumping it on the ground near the building. Some TCE may also have been dumped into seepage pits and burned. Through these improper disposal methods, TCE has now contaminated some of the groundwater in Mancelona, MI. The contaminated plume begins at the manufacturing plant, currently known as Dura Automotive Manufacturing Plant, and extends in the rural area approximately six miles northwest to the Schuss Mountain/Shanty Creek Resort area. The leading edge of the Wickes Manufacturing TCE Plume (also known as Mancelona-Cedar River TCE Plume), at the resort area, is approximately 1.25 miles wide. The plume has also reached the Cedar River, and is now contaminating a cold-water, high quality trout stream. TCE is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor similar to chloroform. TCE is most commonly used as a degreasing solvent in manufacturing plants. Breathing small amounts may cause headaches, dizziness, lung irritation, and difficulty concentrating. Drinking water that contains TCE over an extended period of time can lead to liver and kidney problems and may also be carcinogenic. The TOSC Program at Michigan State University has been asked to provide assistance to Mancelona-area citizens regarding the Mancelona-Cedar River TCE Plume. TOSC met with Antrim County United through Ecology (ACUTE) and Mancelona-area citizens to assess community concerns and discuss TOSC's involvement. TOSC has developed a Memorandum of Understanding, which has been signed jointly by ACUTE and TOSC.

With the help Mancelona is poised to grow being in Grand Traverse metropolitan area as housing shortages spread. Mancelona area is as of 2012 the focus of another positive trend a extensive natural gas production boom and activities associated with the Antrim Shale formation, this production produces tax revenues and employment as the community shifts from factories to a more eco friendly tourist area.

A state of the art water plant the Mancelona Water treatment facility has been created and supplies municipal water to help with future projected expansion in area.

—Notorious4life (talk) 08:00, 12 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Mancelona, Michigan


text:
Haghpat

Haghpat (Հաղպատ) is a village in the Lori Province of Armenia, located near the city of Alaverdi and the state border with Georgia.

The village is notable for Haghpat Monastery, a medieval monastery complex founded in the 10th century, and included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1996 along with nearby Sanahin Monastery.

Geography
The village lies on a dissected plateau, a large flat area dissected by deep "cracks" formed by rivers, including the river Debed. The villages of Sanahin and Akner, as well as a part of Alaverdi, lie in plain view on neighbouring sections of the plateau. However, a steep and long descent to and ascent from the river is required to travel to them.

title: Haghpat