text:
User talk:Dlloyd/Archive 1

If you are putting yourself in a position where you are acting to censure other peoples contributions, then please be prepared to clearly explain the reasoning behind your actions.

Kegel Exerciser
This article was deleted because the consensus on Votes for deletion where it was listed for deletion said that it should be deleted. For more information see the deletion debate. -- Graham ☺ | Talk 19:37, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Leather Pride flag
For your information this is not going to be deleted. Consensus is to merge the two articles you created on the same subject together and to to redirect one to the other. Please bear in mind that anything you upload to wikipedia is done so under the GNU Free Documentation Licence, meaning that you cease to 'own' any of the material as soon as it is uploaded. -- Graham ☺ | Talk 21:11, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * For your information I also find the statement that the leather pride flag is not notable rather an insult, which, if you'd actually read the deletion debate for it you will have noticed. Also I do not have an opinion on the kegel exerciser, I merely follow consensus when clearing away vfd debates that have gone past the five days; if the consensus on Votes for undeletion is that it should be restored, I will be happy to restore it.  And please don't have a go at me simply because I'm the only person that's responded to you. -- Graham  ☺ | Talk 00:42, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Kegel exciser
''Kegel exerciser Hi Rick,

Perhaps you could explain on what basis you deemed my 'Kegel exerciser' article to be an advertisement ?? The article has now been deleted.

I have discussed the 'Kegel Exerciser' article with a local author (who has a Phd in Human Sexuality). To delete the article based on the opinion that it's an advertisement seems absurd to me.

Thanks.''

 * I didn't do anything to Kegel exerciser. I deemed Kegelcisor as ad ad, since it read as ad copy and was using a brand name. RickK 18:35, Jul 26, 2004 (UTC)

Deletions
If you were interested in your articles, you could join us at Votes for deletion to discuss WHY you think they should be kept, instead of just whining and making personal attacks. RickK 06:00, Jul 27, 2004 (UTC)

Rick,

Thanks for getting back to me.

I'm not making personal attacks here, just stating the facts as I see them. You deemed the article to be a product advertisement, even though it was contributed by a Wikipedia user and contained no links to external Websites. Fact. You did not attempt to contact me. Fact. Therefore the process to delete the article was based on your assumption that is was an advertisement. I did not join the 'Votes for deletion' discussion because I was not aware that the article was about to be deleted. If you look at the 'Votes for undeletion' page you will notice that one person commented that my article is of "nearly better quality" than the original 'Kegel excercise' article.

Dlloyd 07:39, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Gastropods
Your 'Geological History' is a positive contribution to my article. Well done ! JoJan 16:37, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Cephalopods
Ditto your additions and new articles. Good job! Care to try your hand at adding a taxobox to Belemnoidea? Also, on Ammonites, which of the suborders are under which orders? Once that is settled, we can pull out the overarching Ammonoidea information to its own article. - UtherSRG 23:58, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Sea urchin article question
Great addition to the Sea urchin article. Please see Talk:Sea urchin for a question I have about its authorship and licensing status. Dpbsmith 11:22, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Hi, Sorry I'm not quite sure I understand. I'm not M. Alan Kazlev, and the original article I submitted to the Web back in 1998 was written by me. It was published on my now defunct site www.fossil-company.com (The Fossil Company). I can supply you with a link to an archived version of the site if you wish. (By the way, the picture of Lovenia woodsi in the article on the site M. Alan Kazlev was copied from my 'The Fossil Company' site, as was some of the text....).

Dlloyd 11:38, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Here is a link to an archive of my original article from Apr 28, 1999:

http://web.archive.org/web/19990420022446/www.fossil-company.com/about_fossils/echinoids.html

I'd say Alan Kazlev "borrowed" from it extensively:

http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Echinoderms/Echinoidea/Echinoidea.htm

Dlloyd 11:48, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Here is my copyright statemant from the bottom of the original Echinoid article:

Copyright © 1995-1997 The Fossil Company Ltd. © 1997-1999 The British Fossil Company Inc.

Both businesses are now defunct and were owned by me.

Dlloyd 11:57, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

OK, it's clear you own the copyright. In a sense when you contribute your material to Wikipedia you are implicitly releasing it under the GFDL because of the notice on the bottom of the edit page, but I think it would be a good idea for you to explicitly say so here. Read copyright. Then just put something here saying, in so many words, that you are "licensing this material under the terms of the Wikipedia copyright." Probably not necessary, but better to be sure. If you make more contributions of this material, and I hope you will, you may want to make up a little stock sentence saying something like  "Copyright © 1995-1997 The Fossil Company Ltd. © 1997-1999 The British Fossil Company Inc. and licensed by the owner under the terms of the Wikipedia copyright." I'm not an expert, but I'm pretty that should do it. Dpbsmith 13:41, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for explaining this :-)

Should I add the copyright information to the Talk page for each article, or the article text itself ??

Dlloyd 00:45, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

It should go on the talk page (here), not in the article itself. Articles themselves do not have by-lines or similar notices, because once it is contributed it can be freely edited—nobody has any "ownership" of the text and any statements about its origin would become outdated the first time someone edited it. Information about the article goes on the Talk page for the article. Dpbsmith 01:07, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Hello,

I have added the following statement -

"Portions of this text are :

"Copyright © 1995-1997 The Fossil Company Ltd. © 1997-1999 The British Fossil Company Inc. and licensed by the owner under the terms of the Wikipedia copyright." Please contact me if you need further clarification on this."

- to the talk pages of the following articles:

Belemnoidea, Goniatite, Nautiloids, Collecting fossils, Ammonite, Brachiopod, Crinoid, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Coral, Sponge, Crustacean, Sea urchin, Trilobite, Graptolite, Plant, Starfish, and Trace fossil.

I hope this clears up any potential issues regarding the copyright of the text I contributed.

Thanks.

Regards,

DL

Dlloyd 01:05, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Yes, that should take care of it. Dpbsmith 01:07, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Califia
What exactly has Califia to do with Teena and Araujo? Dysprosia 08:46, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Transphobia. Two of the above were victims of it, one of the above is an author who writes about it. Dlloyd 09:33, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Could you perhaps make this a bit clearer on the Califia page? Either I didn't read the article properly, or there was no text saying such, so I could make that connection.
 * On another note, would it be best to single just Teena and Araujo out? Did Califia write about those two cases specifically?
 * Dysprosia 10:07, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

You're welcome. I'll certainly make this clearer on the Califia page. The connection between Teena, Araujo, and Califia to *me* is one of notability. Teena and Araujo are notable because both were murdered for reasons of gender identity, Califia is probably one of the most notable popular authors on gender identity issues. Califia wrote an article on Araujo. Dlloyd 10:35, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Ok, good. But do you see where I am coming from? Many others were murdered or were otherwise victims of transphobia, but since Califia wrote an article on Araujo, this should be fine. Perhaps we should have the link to "Remembering Our Dead" or have a similar Wikipedia-based page, and then link to that? Dysprosia 11:34, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I see your POV. The link between Teena and Araujo is far stronger for obvious reasons. Dlloyd 11:39, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't mean to be difficult. I just want to understand where you're coming from. What is the link between Teena and Araujo? Dysprosia 11:54, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

The link between Teena and Araujo is that both were murdered in the USA when their birth sex was discovered. The links between the Teena and Araujo Wikipedia articles were already in place before I edited the articles. Dlloyd 12:41, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Okay, I think everything's clear. The links between them perhaps should probably be properly qualified so this is clear, I'll do so. Thanks for your help again. Dysprosia 12:53, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Two items
1. I wanted to commend you for your exemplary following of fair use--justifying, listing sources, etc. I just used a DVD cover you uploaded as an example for another user.

2. The proper way to archive your talk is to create a subpage, not have it in the article space. For example, you coud use User talk:Dlloyd/archive 1. Just notify me (on my talk page, please?) and I'll perform the necessary moving and deletion. Thanks, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 14:12, 2004 Aug 2 (UTC)

The move is done. If you'd like this to redirect to the archive, simply enter #REDIRECT User talk:Dlloyd/Archive 1. Best, [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 14:27, 2004 Aug 2 (UTC)

Electro stimulation
This article was listed on Category:Pages_on_votes_for_deletion by another user, but not here. I am adding the entry here as a public service. Ground for deletion: not encylopedic? Stating the bleeding obvious (Warning: Under no circumstances, mains voltage (line voltage) should be used.) Sounds like an interesting way of going about Phreaking. Ianb 21:04, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC) PS. I'd appreciate it if you kept your negative POVs out of this, thank you - just because you choose not to do something doesn't mean it's not worthy of contribution to Wikipedia. To pick a topic as an example, there are more Formula One drivers listed in Wikipedia than there are BDSM topics, and I don't know *anyone* who is into Formula One racing...... Dlloyd 11:18, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * no vote; I'm just completing a vfd process here and have no experience with this particular leisure activity, although I did get an electric shock from a telephone socket once (though not to the genitals) --Ianb 03:33, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * There are other BDSM practices with their own articles, such as flagellation, medical fetishism, erotic spanking, and (ahem) figging :-(. I don't know why in God's name that they're in the Wikipedia, but so they are, and they're fairly complete.  Electro stimulation would be in good company if it were turned into more than a useless substub.  Keep?  --Ardonik 02:44, Jul 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * I would say its non-encyclopedic if it weren't for the tons of other crap we have articles on. Still, rewrite or delete. -R. fiend 05:16, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I would say so too. In fact I will. Delete, unworthy of a separate article - this topic needs, at most, a brief mention in BDSM or some other bizzare-sexual-act-related article. Rdsmith4 | Talk 05:29, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: I'm on record as opposing all those tiny fetish activities getting primacy of namespace on their specialist articles. When I was a kid, I used to lick 9v batteries.  Now I know why, although I thought it was just because I didn't have any chile peppers.  Geogre 13:25, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, but cleanup/re-write/expand. With reservations. Merge and redirect  to with Erotic electrostimulation. Ok, now that FZ has pointed out a third possible use of the meaning of Electro stimulation (Skeletomuscular electrostimulation), I think the most logical course of action is to make Electro stimulation into a disambig page. My thoughts on the validity of including the erotic/fetish subject of "electro stimulation" in Wikipedia: Looking at it from an anthropological point of view, this is a real practice of a BDSM/fetish subgoup, and there's an small industry built around selling sex toys that supply electrical shocks to the genitals. That in itself makes it notable. (And no, just in case anyone is wondering, I am not a participant in BDSM, nor do I engage in the practice that is being discussed here.). This subject may possibly be appropriate as a subsection of BDSM, in which case I will advocate a merge & redirect, but I adamantly oppose deletion on the grounds that in a NPOV publication like Wikipedia, the practices of significant human subgroups (including fetishists) belong. Why? Because they are legitimately part of the full spectrum of human behaviour, good, bad or kinky, regardless of whether or not some of the editors like or dislike them. (I admit I can't help but wonder... is the objection to this article because it is a kind of human behaviour that makes some people uncomfortable to know it goes on? Or, perhaps, are some people objecting because they disapprove of the behaviour?) Kevyn 11:17, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * WTF? Keep. Not liking or understanding it is not a reason to delete the article - David Gerard 12:28, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Uh, David, has anyone in this debate expressed even a vague disliking of the practice or a mystification of what it is? You and Kevyn both make that allegation, but I only see people objecting to solitary break outs of articles that concern, at most, a few thousand people.  From a marketing point of view, it's worth your money to make fetish gear.  From an encyclopedic point of view, it's not nice to have each permutation of the human imagination grab a break away article.  If it can't be discussed in BDSM or fetish, then it doesn't get discussed, IMO, because this name trips over non-fetish ones and because it's too minor.  What would we do if a book sold as few copies as there are self-shocking BDSM folks?  Would we include it? Geogre 13:14, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * That would be a reason not to bother writing the article - rather than a reason to delete an existing article - David Gerard 17:52, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * And yet, David, it seems that someone went ahead and wrote the article anyway, and now it's on VfD. Perhaps that's because it shouldn't have been written as a stand-alone entity.  So far, everyone has been saying, essentially, "Discuss this in its logical place."  No one has been saying, "Don't tell the world the shocking truth of shocking."  Because a little foresight wasn't exercised, we now have a VfD debate.  So you can draw your own conclusion about my devious designs, but I think I'm in favor of authors carefully considering where their interests go before they begin detailing them. Geogre 14:27, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, Geogre, I do think that some editors have expressed a "vague disliking" of certain BDSM practices in this debate. Lucky 6.9 started his delete vote with "Eww," R.fiend described other, comparable articles as being "crap," and Rdsmith used the phrase "bizzare-sexual-act-related article" ... all of these are negatively loaded POV. Editors are, of course, entitled to their personal opinions about such practices, and I confess to having some negative opinions about BDSM of my own. But when it comes to deciding if an article deserves inclusion, I think it's important that we, as editors, remain dispassionately NPOV, despite our own personal likes or dislikes. As for your assertation that the name "Electro stimulation" trips over non-fetish uses, I think you may have a valid point. For instance, Cranial electrotherapy stimulation may be accurately covered by Electro stimulation. There may be others uses, as well.  Electro stimulation may indeed be more suited as a disambig page than as a redirect page to Erotic electrostimulation, which is what I am voting for now . Kevyn 11:51, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, Kevyn, I thought they were just being flip and trying to entertain others doing the voting. At any rate, I certainly haven't been against the information, and I don't think most have been, either.  I think it has been about a solitary article on a topic that doesn't rise to the level of interest or uniqueness to require it.  That's my view, anyway.  I think we need to think of books, albums, songs, movies, etc. as whether they will be searched, whether there is enough to say about them to exceed stub status, and whether those who search for them will not know to find them by their allied topics.  The reasons are both clutter and namespace concerns.  Apparently, my feelings mark out some dastardly, new, and dangerous clique of fuddy duddies. (shrug) Geogre 14:27, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Geogre, I never singled you out as being against the subject, but I do sense that it makes other editors uncomfortable, based on their comments (my perception, of course). I confess to being especially sensitive to the "whitewashing" of sexual minorities, as well as being especially attuned to the danger of we, as editors, losing our objectivity as dispassionate chroniclers of the universe (which is, essentially, what I believe the function of an encyclopedia like Wikipedia is) when it comes to "uncomfortable" subjects. We'll just have to agree to disagree on whether or not this particular topic will "rise to the level of interest or uniqueness" to be included -- the existence of the lengthier article on the same subject, Erotic electrostimulation, which Ianb alerted us to (thank you Ianb) suggests to me that, while it is indeed of "niche interest," it's still matters enough to several individuals who have taken the time to research and write about the topic -- and that itself inclines me to keep the subject. Your concerns about namespace clutter are well taken, and that is why I have changed my vote to merging the content of Electro stimulation into Erotic electrostimulation, and then re-wroking Electro stimulation into a disambig page, especially given that now there are at least three topics (and possibly more) that could fall under that heading. (I also happen to agree with you on the way we treat books, albums, songs, movies, etc., but I don't feel that discussion is relevant to this one). Kevyn 11:07, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I concur, there should be some kind of overarching article or disambiguation page- there's also skeletomuscular electrostimulation (whihc I'm going to get around to writing someday if someone else doesn't), used for treating injuries and neuomuscular disorders. -FZ 17:39, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Question: Isn't a form of "electro stimulation" also used in the field of animal husbandry for artificial insemination purposes? Kevyn 11:07, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Yes, come to think of it. I'd forgotten that one. We definitely need to disambiguate here. -FZ 13:35, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * comment: there is a lengthier article on the same subject at: Erotic electrostimulation--Ianb 12:51, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Ok that scares me, but redirect and merge with Erotic electrostimulation The Steve 19:25, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete and disambiguate. Guanaco 05:49, Aug 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete and disambiguate. I originally voted for deletion of this article. The information it contains is of no merit (see my erotic electrostimulation article). There needs to be a disambiguation page for the different types of electrostimulation (cranial, erotic, etc).

title: User talk:Dlloyd/Archive 1


text:
Battle Cry (Uris novel)

Battle Cry is a 1953 novel by American writer Leon Uris. Many of the events in the book are based on Uris's own World War II experience with the 6th Marine Regiment. The story is largely told in first person from the viewpoint of the Battalion Communications Chief, "Mac," although it frequently shifts to third person in scenes where Mac is not personally present.

The book was a commercial success. The New York Times gave it a mixed review. A film version followed in 1955.

Publication
The novel was rejected by a dozen publishers before being published by G.P. Putnam's Sons. It went on to be a commercial success, due in part to its patriotic spirit. It was one of the best-selling books of 1953, as determined by Publishers Weekly. Warner Brothers purchased the film rights.

Characters
The characters in the book come from a variety of backgrounds, and cover a broad range of American archetypes. The interaction of the characters as they learn to put aside their prejudices and biases to bond, developing esprit de corps, is a primary theme of the novel.
 * "Mac": A Master Tech Sergeant, a career Marine with 30 years of service in the Corps, and the Battalion Communications Chief. He gives his name only as "Mac." He is the book's primary narrator and provides much of the old hand viewpoint of the story, also providing perspective on changes in the Marine Corps during the war.
 * Daniel "Danny" Forester: An All-American boy from Baltimore. While the book does not have one central character, the story tends to focus on Danny more than anyone else. He leaves high school before graduation and gives up a scholarship to Georgia Tech to join the Marine Corps when the war breaks out; goes through Boot Camp and becomes a member of 2nd Battalion's radio squad.
 * Lamont Quincy "L.Q." Jones: The unit's clown, from Los Angeles. He goes through Boot Camp with Danny and is assigned to the radio squad.
 * Constantine "Ski" Zvonski: A street youth from Philadelphia, from a Polish immigrant family. He also goes through Boot Camp with Danny and LQ, and is assigned to the radio squad.
 * Marion "Sister Mary" Hodgekiss: A small town boy and the unit's intellectual, with a fondness for classical music and poetry, particularly Shakespeare. Aspires to be a writer. A member of the radio squad.
 * Cyril "Seabags" Brown: A farm boy from Iowa who refers to everybody as "Cousin." A member of the radio squad.
 * Mortimer "Speedy" Gray: A cowboy type from Texas. A member of the radio squad. The most openly racist character in the unit. His attitude toward certain other men, particularly Pedro Rojas and Jake Levin, is the source of significant interpersonal conflict.
 * Andrew "Andy" Hookans: A lumberjack from Washington, the "big dumb Swede." A member of the radio squad.
 * Shining Lighttower: A Navajo Native American. Lighttower occasionally plays on the Indian stereotype, talking in native pidgin and asking if he could go home to "the reservation." A member of the radio squad.
 * Joseph "Spanish Joe" Gomez: A Hispanic American, the radio squad's troublemaker and slacker.
 * Jacob "Jake" Levin: A replacement from Brooklyn who joins the radio squad after Guadalcanal.
 * Pedro Rojas: A Navy hospital corpsman assigned to Headquarter's Company. From Texas, the son of Mexican migrant laborers. He is a Pharmacist's Mate who dreams of becoming a doctor.
 * Major Samuel "Highpockets" Huxley: The Battalion Commander.
 * Ziltch: The Battalion Commander's orderly.
 * Marine Gunner Jack Keats: Another old hand and the Battalion Communications Officer.
 * Captain Max Shapiro: Company Commander of Fox Company.
 * First Lieutenant Bryce: Headquarter's Company commander.
 * Staff Sergeant Burnside: Another old hand, squad leader of the radio squad.
 * Gunnery Sergeant McQuade: Another old hand in the Corps, Company Gunnery Sergeant for Fox Company and friend of Mac and Burnside.
 * First Sergeant Pucchi: Another old hand and the Headquarters Company First Sergeant.
 * Milton "Professor" Norton: A fellow recruit at Boot Camp, Norton was an instructor at the University of Pennsylvania prior to joining the Marines. He later volunteers as a Pioneer.
 * Corporal "Tex" Whitlock: The drill instructor at Boot Camp.
 * Platoon Sergeant Beller: The platoon leader at Boot Camp.
 * Theodore "Ted" Dwyer: Another recruit at Boot Camp.
 * Shannon O'Hearne: Another recruit at Boot Camp, a troublemaker. Later becomes a rifle range instructor.
 * Kathleen "Kathy" Walker: Danny's high school sweetheart.
 * Elaine Yarbourough: An older woman Danny has an affair with, the wife of a Navy officer.
 * Susan: Ski's girlfriend.
 * Rae: A woman that Hodgekiss falls in love with.
 * Pat Rogers: A New Zealand woman that Andy falls in love with.

Plot
The book tells the story of how this diverse group came together to form an effective team, as well as describing the battles they fought in, including the Battle of Guadalcanal, Tarawa and the Battle of Saipan. Also described are their boot camp experiences in San Diego and their two assignments to US Marine camps in New Zealand, the first time for preparatory training for the Battle of Guadalcanal and then back again for rest and recovery before the Tarawa campaign. Their experiences in New Zealand reveal the very different cultures of the two allies, and how much the young marines enjoyed the hospitality of the local people, in spite of being what has been called a 'friendly invasion'.

Reviews and Reception
The New York Times gave Battle Cry a mixed review, praising it as the most authentic account of how Marines were trained and how they fought, but noting its conventional approach to character development.

The book is listed on the U.S. Marine Corps Commandant's Professional Reading List.

Film
The film version of this novel was made in 1955, directed by Raoul Walsh and written by Uris. The film stars Van Heflin, Aldo Ray, James Whitmore, Tab Hunter and Fess Parker

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Battle Cry (Uris novel)


text:
User talk:Aaron Einstein

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Hi! Are you from London? That's where I'm from...I see that you want to have some pictures of London on Wikipedia, which is a great idea. If I had a camera, there would be some already...oh well. Well, welcome to Wikipedia, and have fun editing! Adam Bishop 20:20, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Responded -Æ

Unverified images

 * Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

Image:Effects_of_improb_Drive.PNG

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you wish to release your own work to the public domain,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. Peter O. (Talk, automation script) 05:51, Dec 25, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

 * Would you be kind enough to update Image:Alouette-1.jpeg as to its source and copyright status? Thanks. —Vespristiano 18:42, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Damn you wikipedians are really anal about those image tags :P. -Æ

Mtnbox
The edits have cleaned up the code and simplified the infoboxes considerably. They have also standardised their appearance with the default skin. How exactly are they more difficult to read? ed g2s •  talk  00:07, 9 August 2005 (UTC)
 * P.S. if you think the infobox class produce illegible results then we have a serious problem as it (or visually similar styles) is used on tens of thousands of pages.... ed g2s  •  talk  00:12, 9 August 2005 (UTC)
 * By "the different sections" I assume you mean the left and right columns. They are separated by a largish gap and the fact that the left column is bold. With tabular data it is not usual to put a colon after a column heading, as you would if it were a free-flowing list. Although the previous version, with the coloured column, was more clear in this respect, it doesn't mean the new version isn't, as it hasn't been a problem on all the other infoboxes it's been used on. ed g2s  •  talk  00:20, 9 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Also in reply, the default skin in monobook.css. The infobox class is defined in common.css and is can be redefined in the other skins to keep the appearance consistent. ed g2s  •  talk  00:22, 9 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Indeed it is not policy, but then there is no written policy on how a box around an image should look, but when the software started using the "thumb tright" class on thumbnails, this became standard. The reason for changing it is that it looks competely out of place next to all the other infoboxes, navigational boxes, image boxes, menu boxes and document frame box. In-line css should only be used to assist layout. ed g2s  •  talk  00:54, 9 August 2005 (UTC)
 * No problem, change always takes getting used to :P. ed g2s  •  talk  01:46, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

Ugly Gray Template & Info boxes
Don't let Ed push you around - there is no concensus to use ugly gray filled boxes everywhere in wikipedia. See also Infobox standardisation which I put up for deletion 152.163.100.134 04:27, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

User Categorisation
You were listed on the Wikipedians/Ontario page as living in or being associated with London, Ontario. As part of the User categorisation project, these lists are being replaced with user categories. If you would like to add yourself to the category that is replacing the page, please visit Category:Wikipedians in London (Ontario) for instructions.--Rmky87 02:07, 10 October 2005 (UTC)

Image Tagging for Image:Ben_Rinnes.jpg
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This is an automated notice by OrphanBot. If you have any concerns, contact the bot's owner: Carnildo. 12:24, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

MoS Links to places
You may be interested in this discussion. Rich Farmbrough 23:40 5  May 2006 (UTC).

Hi
Hi, I'm Dimitri from the Dutch language Wikipedia. I'm currently looking for people of about 14 to 18 years interested in politics, economy, education, business, culture or management. In March 2007 we started up a Dutch language site where we build a whole country, called Libertas. The site is named Wikistad, which means Wikicity in English. You can take a look by clicking here. Now, we're working on an English version after starting up a Romanian too. If you're interested, just come down here, you'll like it. You can become everything you want: from Prime Minister over businessman to taxi driver. Our country is named Lovia of the Kingdom of Lovia and is open to everybody. This is the URL: http://nation.wikia.com/ I'm looking forward to see you later, Dimitri. -DimiTalen 11:46, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

Image source problem with Image:John H. Chapman.jpeg
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File:Iqaluit from Joamie Hill.JPG and File:Apex Nunavut.JPG
Just letting you know I moved them both over to Commons. Enter CBW, waits for audience applause, not a sausage. 22:27, 15 May 2010 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Aaron Einstein


text:
Interstate 520

Interstate 520 (I-520) is a 23.34 mi auxiliary Interstate Highway that encircles most of Augusta, Georgia, and North Augusta, South Carolina, as a three-quarter beltway around the western, southern, and eastern parts of the main part of the Augusta metropolitan area. It begins at I-20 and State Route 232 (SR 232) in the northern part of Augusta, Georgia, and ends at I-20 in the northern part of North Augusta, South Carolina. I-520 is also known as Bobby Jones Expressway and the Deputy James D. Paugh Memorial Highway in Georgia and Palmetto Parkway in South Carolina. On the Georgia side, the road also carries the internal designation State Route 415 (SR 415).

Route description

 * GA
 * 15.62 mi
 * SC
 * 7.72 mi
 * Total
 * 23.34 mi
 * }
 * Total
 * 23.34 mi
 * }

The entire length of I-520 is part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility, and defense.

Georgia
I-520 begins at an interchange with I-20 (Carl Sanders Highway) and the internal designation of SR 402 in the northern part of Augusta. At this interchange, the roadway continues as SR 232, which takes on the Bobby Jones Expressway name. The Interstate travels to the south-southeast. After passing the Augusta Exchange shopping complex, east of Doctors Hospital, it has an interchange with Wheeler Road and Marks Church Road. After a slight western jog, I-520 continues to the south-southeast and meets Wrightsboro Road, which leads to Augusta Mall. About 1 mi later is an interchange with U.S. Route 78 (US 78)/US 278/SR 10 (Gordon Highway). The freeway curves to the southeast, passing by Glenn Hills Middle School and Glenn Hills High School, to an interchange with US 1/SR 4 (Deans Bridge Road) and SR 540 (Fall Line Freeway). It passes by a campus of Augusta Technical College and the Richmond County Technical Career Magnet School, before curving to the east-southeast and meeting an interchange with Windsor Spring Road also with US 25/SR 121 (Peach Orchard Road) and SR 555/SR 565 (Savannah River Parkway). After a curve to the east is an interchange with SR 56 (Mike Padgett Highway), which is east of Southside Elementary School and northeast of East-Central Regional Hospital. I-520 curves to the east-northeast and has an interchange with Doug Barnard Parkway (former State Route 56 Spur (SR 56 Spur)). The Interstate gradually curves to the northeast and has an interchange with Laney Walker Boulevard and SR 28 (Sand Bar Ferry Road). Just over 1000 ft later, it crosses the Savannah River into South Carolina and the city limits of North Augusta.

South Carolina
I-520 curves to the north-northwest, to an interchange with US 1/US 78/US 278 (only signed as "US 1"). The highway curves back to the north-northeast and has an interchange with South Carolina Highway 126 (SC 126; Clearwater Road). During a slight westward shift is an interchange with US 25/SC 121 (Edgefield Road). Just north-northeast of there, I-520 meets its eastern terminus, another interchange with I-20.

Named portions
In Georgia, I-520 is known as Bobby Jones Expressway for golfer Bobby Jones. In South Carolina, it is known as Palmetto Parkway for the sabal palmetto, the state tree. Between exits 2 and 3, the highway is known as the Deputy James D. Paugh Memorial Highway after a Richmond County sheriff's deputy who was killed at exit 3 when responding to reports of a gunman who was shooting at passing cars. I-520 loses its state route designation in South Carolina, as that state does not co-number its Interstates with state highway numbers.

History
The highway that would become I-520 was under construction between May 1963 and January 1966 from its western terminus to just south of the US 1/SR 4 interchange in Augusta. Also, it was proposed to be an extension of SR 232, at least as far as US 25/SR 121. In 1966, the highway was open and signed as SR 232 from I-20 to Wrightsboro Road. It was under construction from US 1/SR 4 to Doug Barnard Parkway. In 1974, SR 232 was open from Wrightsboro Road to US 1/SR 4. In 1977, the highway was redesignated as I-520. The next year, it was open from US 1/SR 4 to Doug Barnard Parkway. In 1986, the highway was under construction from Doug Barnard Parkway to SR 28. In 1998, this segment was opened. The next year, it was proposed to be extended to the South Carolina state line. In 2004, this extension was opened. In 2010, the highway was extended to its current eastern terminus in the northern part of North Augusta.

In January 2015, 4.7 mi of I-520 were expanded to three lanes in each direction after work started in February 2012 for a cost of $33 million.

Exit list
In accordance with MUTCD guidelines for auxiliary Interstates, exit numbering is continuous across the state line and does not reset.

title: Interstate 520


text:
Battle of Pingxingguan

The Battle of Pingxingguan, commonly called the Great Victory of Pingxingguan in Mainland China, was an engagement fought on 25 September 1937, at the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War, between the Eighth Route Army of the Chinese Communist Party and the Imperial Japanese Army.

The battle resulted in the loss of 400 to 600 soldiers on both sides, but the Chinese captured 100 trucks full of supplies. The victory gave the Chinese Communists a tremendous boost since it was the only division-size battle that they fought during the entire war.

Background
After the capture of Beiping (present Beijing) at the end of July 1937, Japanese forces advanced along the Beijing–Baotou railway to Inner Mongolia. Having anticipated the move, Chiang Kai-shek had appointed the Shanxi warlord Yan Xishan as Pacification Director of Taiyuan. Theoretically Yan had authority over all the Chinese military forces in his theatre of operations, including Lin Biao's 115th Division of the Communist 8th Route Army, Liu Ruming's ex-Kuomintang troops and various Central Army contingents responsible to Chiang Kai-shek. In reality these forces operated independently from Yan's provincial army.

Japanese forces, mainly the 5th Division and 11th Independent Mixed Brigade, moved out from Beiping and advanced on Huailai County in Chahar. A Japanese column advanced quickly into Shanxi, making use of the railway which the Chinese did not attempt to destroy. The Chinese abandoned Datong on 13 September, falling back to a line from Yanmen Pass on the Great Wall east to the mountain pass of Pingxingguan. Yan Xishan's troops became more demoralised as the Japanese exerted their air supremacy.

The main body of the Japanese 5th Division, under the command of Itagaki Seishiro, advanced from Huaili to invade northeastern Shanxi. Although it had a motorised transport column, its rate of advance was limited by the poor roads. By the time they reached the Shanxi border, Lin Biao's 115th Division, after a forced march from Shaanxi, was in place at Pingxingguan on 24 September to ambush the Japanese army.

Battle

The pass of Pingxingguan was a narrow defile worn through the loess, with no exit for several kilometres except the road itself. Lin's division were able to ambush two columns of mainly transportation and supply units and virtually annihilate the trapped Japanese forces.

On 25 September, the 21st brigade of the Japanese 5th Division stationed at Lingqiu received a request from the 21st Regiment that they urgently needed supplies due to falling temperature. The supply troops of the 21st Regiment set out with 70 horse-drawn vehicles with 50 horses, filled with clothes, food, ammunition and proceeded westwards towards Pingxingguan. Around 10:00, the supply column passed into a defile with the two sides rising up more than 10 metres; they were heading towards Caijiayu about 3 km away.

At the same time, a motorized column of Japanese supply troops in about 80 trucks left Guangou and headed east. Both of these non-combat formations entered into the ambush set by the 115th division after 10 a.m. on the 25th and were largely wiped out. A relief force consisting of the 3rd Battalion of the 21st Regiment was rebuffed by Chinese troops and suffered almost 100 casualties. Lin Biao's troops eventually withdrew from the battlefield, allowing the Japanese to finally reach the site of the ambush on 28 September. The Nationalist Air Force of China provided some close-air support for the Chinese ground forces in course of the battles at Pingxingguan.

Japanese casualties in the battle have been estimated at 400 to 500 and the Chinese at about 400. The Chinese forces destroyed about 70 trucks and an equal number of horse-drawn carts and captured 100 rifles, 10 light machine guns, 1 gun and 2,000 shells as well as some clothing and food.

Evaluation

The Kuomintang's official history of the Second Sino-Japanese War deals with it in a sentence, without any credit to the Communists. On the other hand, the Communists' accounts describe Pingxingguan as a typical example of Red guerrilla tactics, inspired by Mao Zedong's conceptualization of people's war.

Japanese losses were greatly exaggerated for propaganda purposes. However, like the victory at the Battle of Taierzhuang, Pingxingguan was explained by Japan as Japanese officers succumbing to what they came to call "victory disease."

After a series of easy victories against their opponents, they failed to take elementary precautions. Japanese commanders seldom repeated the operational blunders that had led to Pingxingguan.

Nonetheless, the battle gave the Chinese a major boost in morale and credence to the Communists in the eyes of the people. The battle was constantly cited by CPC leaders as an example of their commitment to battling the Japanese occupation, even though Mao had opposed the battle, according to an account written by Lin Biao in Russia (where he was being treated for bullet wounds) and Lin had undertaken it on his own authority.

title: Battle of Pingxingguan


text: File:Alko.png

title: File:Alko.png


text:
User talk:Bitplane

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CfD nomination of Category:1963 EPs
I have nominated 1963 eps for converting into an article named 1963 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:22, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1965 EPs
I have nominated 1965 eps for renaming to 1965 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:23, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1967 EPs
I have nominated 1967 eps for renaming to 1967 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:23, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1968 EPs
I have nominated 1968 eps for renaming to 1968 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:23, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1977 EPs
I have nominated 1977 eps for renaming to 1977 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:23, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1978 EPs
I have nominated 1978 eps for renaming to 1978 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:23, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1979 EPs
I have nominated 1979 eps for renaming to 1979 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:24, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1980 EPs
I have nominated 1980 eps for renaming to 1980 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:24, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1981 EPs
I have nominated 1981 eps for renaming to 1981 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:24, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1982 EPs
I have nominated 1982 eps for renaming to 1982 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:24, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1983 EPs
I have nominated 1983 eps for renaming to 1983 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:24, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1984 EPs
I have nominated 1984 eps for renaming to 1984 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:24, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1985 EPs
I have nominated 1985 eps for renaming to 1985 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:24, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1987 EPs
I have nominated 1987 eps for renaming to 1987 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:24, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1988 EPs
I have nominated 1988 eps for renaming to 1988 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:25, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:1963 EPs
I have nominated 1963 eps for renaming to 1963 extended plays. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 02:31, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bitplane


text: Talk:Abbas Mirza

title: Talk:Abbas Mirza


text:
Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger

Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger (October 25, 1856, in Zagreb – December 24, 1936, Zagreb) was a Croatian geologist, paleontologist, and archeologist.

Education
Dragutin finished his elementary education in Zagreb, Croatia, as well as two years of preparandija (Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Zagreb). He started studying paleontology in Zürich, Switzerland. Soon, he moved to München, where his lecturer was Karl Zittel, a world-renowned expert in the areas of anatomy and paleontology. He received a doctoral degree in 1879, (Tübingen, Germany), with work related to fossilized fishes.

From 1880, he was curator at the Mineralogical Department of the Croatian National Museum (today the Croatian Natural History Museum) and, in collaboration with his superior, archaeologist Đuro Pilar, he started mapping Mount Medvednica, (medvjed = bear, in Croatian), a mountain just north of Zagreb. In 1890 he changed his family name to Gorjanović.

Lecturing
His lecturing career started in 1883 at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Zagreb, where he taught paleontology of vertebrates. In 1884 he was appointed assistant, later was associate, and finally full professor, in 1896. In 1893 he became head of the Geological-Paleontological Department of the Croatian National Museum. He was engaged in paleontology, stratigraphy, tectonics, paleoclimatology, applied geology, geological mapping, and hydrography. Gorjanović-Kramberger discovered, described, classified, systemized, aged, and determined environments for numerous new species of fossilized fishes. As a young scientist at the end of the 19th century, he had already published more than fifty works in prestigious European scientific journals.

Krapina
In 1899 on Hušnjak hill, near the Croatian town of Krapina, he discovered a very rich Neanderthal site, the Krapina Neanderthal site of an early man today known as Krapina Man (Krapinski pračovjek). News of the discovery quickly spread all around Europe and beyond. Gorjanović continued extensive scientific research of osteological human material, fauna, ecological conditions, and the life and culture of people once living in Croatia. While analyzing the finds, he noticed unusually big variations among the bones.

With time he realized that evolution was the source of variability which created human individuals of different stature. His analysis and interpretation of fossil remains proved the existence of early humans which he called Homo primigenius, an ancestor of modern man. Later on those finds were classified as Homo neanderthalensis. Gorjanović-Kramberger's research helped prove the theory of evolution of human species, and his theories have influenced the social view of the world.

He started the study of skeletons relating to modern humans and developed a technique that analyzes the fluorine in bones to calculate their age. In 1895 he used newly discovered X-rays to analyze inner bone structure. Results of his research related to the finds at Krapina could be found in the monograph "O diluvijalnom čovjeku iz Krapine", (Der Diluviale Mensch von Krapina in German; "On the diluvial man of Krapina"), which was published in Wiesbaden in 1906. The publication was the most comprehensive work ever written in the area of the paleontology of man.

Works
In 1909, he founded the Geological Commission for Croatia and Slavonia, with the goal of carrying out geological mapping and research in pedology. The Croatian geological service became independent from the Geological Institute in Budapest and eventually became the present-day Hrvatski geološki institut (Croatian Geological Survey) in Zagreb.

Gorjanović-Kramberger published more than 230 papers in Croatian and international journals during his career. He made a couple of geological maps. He was an honorary doctor of the University of Zagreb, a member of the Association of Medical Doctors and Croatian Natural Sciences Association, and an honorary citizen of Zagreb, Karlovac, and Krapina. Gorjanović-Kramberger was a member of nine foreign scientific associations. From 1891, he was an associate member and from 1909 a full member of the then Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts. Gorjanović-Kramberger remained active after his retirement. Between 1899 and 1929, he published 53 works related to discoveries at the Krapina site.

title: Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger


text:
Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island

The Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island (Movimiento para la Auto-determinación de la Isla de Bioko) is a proscribed political organization in Equatorial Guinea. It has its roots in the pre-independence Unión Bubi, which sought independence from the mainland half of Spanish Guinea. It is supported by the Bubi ethnic group, which dominates Bioko island (home of the national capital).

The Unión Bubi wanted the Spanish government to separate the Bubi-dominated Bioko and the Fang-dominated Río Muni (the mainland half of Equatorial Guinea) because, if the nation were united, the Bubi would be at the mercy of the Fang, who greatly outnumbered them nine to one. During the Spanish colonial era, the Bubi received better treatment and more education than the other ethnic groups, and many in the ethnic group feared that the country would be taken over by "illiterates." A vibrant political movement grew around the cause of independence for Bioko.

Under the rule of Francisco Macías Nguema (1968-1979), almost all Bubi political activists were either killed or exiled, and any aspirations for autonomy were dashed. President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (1979-), a Fang from the same family as Macías, continued the policy of prohibiting separatist movements.

The MAIB has support from traditional Bubi leaders and some of the general population of Bioko, but the party is forced by law to operate secretly. The MAIB gained international attention when one of its main leaders, Weja Chicampo, was tortured and severely injured in March 2004 by government agents.

Some years before, on January 21, 1998, military governmental forces had strongly fought against an attempt of independence from the mainland. Hundreds of Bubi were tortured and abused in Black Beach. People know a little about what happened in the south and center of Bioko Island where hundreds of Bubi disappeared. Those events are related in a book by a witness to the events, the Italian writer Franco Lelli, Okiri: Una Storia Africana (I.P.S.I.A. Terni, 2005).


text:
Alko

Alko Inc is the national alcoholic beverage retailing monopoly in Finland. It is the only store in the country which retails beer over 8% ABV, wine (except in vineyards) and spirits. Alcoholic beverages are also sold in licensed restaurants and bars but only for consumption on the premises.

Alko is required by law to sell drinks with lower alcohol content than 8% and non-alcoholic alternatives, but in practice carries a very limited stock of low alcohol beer, cider and non-alcoholic drinks and others as supermarkets are allowed to sell those at a substantially lower price. By law, alcoholic drinks may only be sold to those aged 18 or above.

Products
As the only retailer of strong alcoholic beverages in Finland, Alko has an extensive range of products ranging from rare wines to bulk vodka. Its wine selection has grown in recent decades as there has been an increase in consumption and a government drive to change Finnish drinking habits to a more "European" style, which means a move from hard liquor to wine and beer. While wine consumption has increased, this has not replaced consumption of other alcoholic beverages, negating the "Europeanisation" argument. Nowadays wines occupy most of the shelf space in an Alko shop. Its beer selection is concentrated on stronger versions of the domestic bulk lagers and some high-quality strong beers from major beer-producing countries as well as traditional Sahti at some locations. Hard spirits include several Finnish brands of vodka and all major types of hard liquor. Alko also sells brands of drinks produced by the Finnish state-owned company Altia, which are traditional products and not sold abroad. Many of these date back to the first products launched after the end of prohibition in Finland. These are usually for mixing drinks.

In 2024, Alko's strongest selling liquor is a tar liquor called 762 Tumma, which, as the name suggests, has an alcohol content of 76.2%.

Legal status
Alko is a government-owned enterprise reporting to the Finnish Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. , it has 368 stores and 143 order pick-up points throughout the country. Alko shop locations have to be approved by National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health (Finnish abbreviation Valvira). Only once has an application for a new Alko shop been denied: in 2003, an application for a location in Koivukylä, Vantaa, was rebuffed because there was a kindergarten next to the planned location. Earlier shops were located separately from other retail outlets, but beginning in the 1990s a growing number of Alkos have appeared in malls and supermarkets, some even in gas stations. Under the Alcohol Act, Alkos cannot have a window display, so stores often have a display of wine glasses and catalogues.

Alko can advertise beverages that contain up to 22% alcohol. In practice, manufacturers or distributors, not Alko, advertise their products. There is a total ban on advertising beverages stronger than 22%.

On February 3, 2005, the Finnish Food Marketing Association (a pressure group of the country's supermarkets like K-Kauppa and S-Group) asked the European Union to challenge the legality of Alko's monopoly, which it disputes.

Products under 22% ABV can be purchased by individuals at least 18 years of age. The minimum age for products containing over 22% ABV is 20. When asked at checkout a customer must prove their age with an official ID (only a driver's licence, ID card or passport is accepted). Alcohol will not be sold to visibly intoxicated customers or when there is a reason to suspect misuse or illegal supply to a person who would not be authorized to buy.

History
From 1919 to 1932, the distribution and consumption of alcoholic beverages was forbidden in Finland. When the prohibition was lifted by the Finnish government in 1932 following a referendum, they created a company called Oy Alkoholiliike Ab which was fully owned by the government.

The first stores were opened on 5 April 1932.

During the 1939–40 Winter War the company mass-produced molotov cocktails for the Finnish military, production totalling 450,000 units.

Between 1944 and 1970, Alko used the Bratt System from Sweden to control alcohol consumption, using a booklet called viinakortti whereby all alcohol sales were recorded and stamped into said booklet. Once a certain amount of alcohol was purchased, the owner of said booklet had to wait until next month to buy more.

In 1969 the company's name was changed to Oy Alko Ab. This company not only distributed, but also imported and manufactured alcohol.

Between 1962 and 1998, Alko stores gradually switched from desk service (where customers asked shop attendants to retrieve products for them) to self-service.

In 1995, when Finland joined the EU, the monopolies in production and import had to be lifted. Thus, the corporation was separated into Alko (distribution), Primalco (production of alcohol) and Havistra (bulk sales), which together formed the Altia Group; only Alko retained a monopoly.

In 1998, Alko was spun off entirely from the Altia Group, which was reorganized later to form Altia Oyj. While Altia Oyj and Alko remain legally separate, Alko is the major customer of Altia's products.

The history of Alko is presented at the Hotel and Restaurant Museum in Helsinki.

From 10 June 2024, the maximum alcohol level which retailers could freely sell alcoholic beverages from 5.5% to 8% ABV.

title: Alko


text:
Talk:Emir Abdelkader

Move
Good luck with the move, Mustafaa. I suspect you may be in for some strenuous opposition from the folks who don't like "foreign-looking" spellings. Leave me a message on my talk page if there is trouble and I miss it. —Sanāsi al-Grīgī a.k.a. Tkinias 18:54, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Thanks! I'm not sure whether to prefer this or Abdelkader (the latter being the usual Algerian spelling), but Abdel Kadir is almost uniquely 1911. - Mustafaa 19:48, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I do not understand why a transliteration of his name is used when he already has an official "Latin" name like all Algerians do. There is no reason to use "Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza'iri", his official name as used in Algeria is "Abdelkader" or "El Emir Abdelkader" to be specific. TonyStarks (talk) 02:48, 7 December 2010 (UTC)

Khaled song
I am told by a native speaker that the Khaled song is not about this Abd al-Qadir, but about Abdul Qadir el-Jilani, a medieval sufi master also known as the Rose of Baghdad, founder of the Qadiri sufi order. Jayen466 15:44, 3 October 2006 (UTC)

Freemason Comments
As shown above, there are adequate contemporary sources, cited above, establishing Abd el-Qäder's Masonic affiliation and there are two online sources as well. It is inaccurate to say, "There is also not enough sufficient evidence proving that he actually became a freemason."

Further, the claims "it is said," and "although it seems inconsistent with his main objectives," are exceptionally subjective.

I ask that that the statement be reverted. I was unable to contact the editor who made the change.

J. J. in PA 06:17, 17 April 2007 (UTC)J. J. in Phila

Life in Exile
Can the "Life in Exile" section here be edited to remove distracting redundancies? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Davidross47 (talk • contribs) 02:48, 24 January 2008 (UTC)

"Al-Qadir"
Why does the article keep referring to him as "al-Qadir"? The name is "Abd al-Qadir", there's no sense in shortening it. --41.102.208.204 (talk) 19:42, 6 March 2010 (UTC)

Proposal to Move
The disambiguation page Abdul Qadir lists over 100 people with the name عبد القادر in some transliteration, so this article needs to have a more distinctive name. Possibilities include I'm inclined to suggest the last of these, and will make that move if nobody replies to this message. SamuelTheGhost (talk) 12:49, 29 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Abd al-Qadir bin Muhieddine, which is correct but not commonly used in wikipedia or in English-language discussions generally
 * Emir Abd al-Qadir, which risks confusion with towns in Algeria with that name
 * Abd al-Qadir (Algerian hero)
 * Abd al-Qādir al-Jazā'irī
 * Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza'iri
 * If Abd al-Qadir bin Muhieddine is his birth name, why not use that? FunkMonk (talk) 13:42, 29 August 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm not against that idea, but there's another small point which I should have mentioned before, namely the consistency of transliterations. "Muhieddine" is a French representation. A consistently French way would be perhaps Abdel Kader bin Muhieddine. To use a more "scholarly" style we could have Abd al-Qadir bin Muhy ad-Din. But a mixture of the two styles would be ugly. SamuelTheGhost (talk) 14:27, 29 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Oh, I should also have mentioned that the most commonly used transliterationof it sould be used. If the one I mentioned isn't, then another one is better. FunkMonk (talk) 14:47, 29 August 2010 (UTC)
 * But the "commonly used" criterion, which is indeed wikipedia policy, works against the bin Muhieddine form altogether, since it definitely isn't commonly used, whereas the al-Jaza'iri form is, at least to some extent. SamuelTheGhost (talk) 10:16, 30 August 2010 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

Page moved to Abdelkader El Djezairi. Consesus was there to move, the target name was problematic. I believe that this title was the one with the best consensus. If not, fell free to move it to one of the other options. Vegaswikian (talk) 03:58, 1 December 2011 (UTC)

Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza& → El Emir Abdelkader – As per WP:COMMONNAME, the article should be moved to El Emir Abdelkader since that is the most common official name used. Plenty of towns and landmarks in Algeria are named after him such as El Emir Abdelkader (Aïn Témouchent), Zmalet El Emir Abdelkader, Bordj El Emir Abdelkader, Emir Abdelkader Mosque, etc. which all use the proposed spelling of his name. There is no reason to use a transliterated Arabic version of his name, especially given that there is no consensus on how it is spelled and that there are plenty of variations. TonyStarks (talk) 05:25, 24 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Oppose. There is a reason to use his name - it is the name of the person discussed in the article.  Emir is a generic title and titles aren't normally used to begin Wiki article titles about persons. Moreover, Abd al-Qadir is a common first name. A cursory glance of the history of Islamic states will reveal a lot of emirs, greater and lesser, named Abd al-Qadir.  What you are proposing is akin to renaming James I of England to simply King James, simply because some local things are named after him (e.g. King James Bible).  Finally, why do you spell it Abdelkader?  There is better reasons to use the transliterated Abd al-Qadir rather than Spanish/French spelling. Walrasiad (talk) 18:15, 24 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment. It's not a Spanish/French spelling, it's his Algerian spelling .. and last time I checked he was Algerian. Also, why use the transliterated version of "Abd al-Qadir" as a spelling when an official version of the name already exists? With regards to Eimr, if you feel it's generic it can be dropped .. but we should at least be using a proper version of his name if it's available, which is the case. TonyStarks (talk) 04:25, 25 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Qualified oppose. There are two different issues here, the spelling and the title. There is a good case for using the Abdelkader spelling as it's the standard transliteration in his own country. There are, however, about 100 people with this name, however transliterated, notable enough to have wikipedia articles, and "emir" is not a very distinctive title. So I'd support a move to Algerian spelling but with retention of some surname or other disambiguation. SamuelTheGhost (talk) 14:11, 25 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment. I've never heard of another historical figure named El Emir Abdelkader, and this is coming from someone that is Muslim and Arab. If "Emir" is not very distinctive, I'd keep the same name of the title but change the spelling to Abdelkader El Djezairi, which is the common spelling of that form of his name. But again, I don't see why we can't use the first option. TonyStarks (talk) 02:04, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment. I'd be happy with Abdelkader El Djezairi. SamuelTheGhost (talk) 14:03, 28 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Comment I am sympathetic to TonayStarks' concerns and generally do not like those transliterations of Arabic as they are often imprecise and rather confusing considering all the possible variations and the fact that they do not reflect the common pronunciation and in this case "Abdelkader" is more common in English (I suppose) then "Abd al-Qadir". But then again, the other users have rather compelling arguments, I think a common ground can be reached. How about "Abdelkader Ibn Muhyiddin" or something of the sort...or just "Abdelkader" or "Abdelkader al-Jazairi", I don't see any other possible primary topic for Abdelkader. (yes there are other Abdelkaders but not as notable as this one IMO) --Tachfin (talk) 03:40, 28 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Comment. I'm with TonyStarks on this one! use his Algerian name, whats so complicated about that? I'm sure one of the following can be used El Emir Abdelkader, Abdelkader El Djezairi, Abdelkader Ibn Muhyiddin or Abdelkader Ben Moheddine (not sure about spelling).
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

tributes
Thackeray was kind of a supporter of his, and Elkader, Iowa is named after him... AnonMoos (talk) 17:01, 3 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Very interesting, especially the latter part. Who would have known. Do you have a source for it? The one used in the Elkader article no longer exists. --Al Ameer son (talk) 03:57, 4 January 2012 (UTC)
 * It was discussed in the NPR story on Monday... AnonMoos (talk) 04:53, 4 January 2012 (UTC)

Military campaigns need more detail
The article "May 1958 crisis" about a period of turmoil in France contains twice as much information about the wars in Algeria as this entire article. More detail on this conflict is surely available. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.82.80.200 (talk) 05:58, 13 June 2012 (UTC)

verifiability of a ressources
I doubt this statement of ami de la france so if you can bring to us a reliable online source stating it, it would be ok for me.

I quote the verifiability policy: No matter how convinced you are that something is true, do not add it to an article unless it is verifiable, and All information in Wikipedia must be verifiable.

-Dzlinker (talk) 09:53, 22 June 2012 (UTC)

 * The "quotations" you gave don't lead anywhere, they're strongly suspected to be fake, provide a verifiable ones, and stop reverting hysterically until a consensus is made.

 * -Dzlinker (talk) 19:11, 25 June 2012 (UTC)

 * I wrote abdelkader friend of france in google and all i get is this:, please reverify your ressources and quote the polemic expression from a trusted site.
 * I'll keep the current version of the document until it is done, if in a week you don't provide an answer, i'll assume you are unable to, and your edits will be undone.
 * -Dzlinker (talk) 11:24, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

Since quoting sentences and giving references and links doesn't seem to be sufficient for some: --Omar-Toons (talk) 13:13, 3 July 2012 (UTC)
 *  (French)  : "[Les nationalistes] refusent de reconnaitre le rôle d'ami de la France joué par l'émir à Damas sous le Second Empire. En 1860, en effet, Abd-el-Kader intervint pour protéger les chrétiens lors des massacres de Syrie, ce qui lui valut d'être fait grand-croix de la Légion d'honneur par Napoléon III" --translation--> "[Nationalists] refuse to recognize the role of friend of France played by the Emir in Damascus during the Second Empire. In 1860, Abd al-Qadir intervened to protect Christians during the massacres in Syria, that won him the grand cross of the Légion d'Honneur by Napoleon III" Jean-Charles Jauffret,La Guerre d'Algérie par les documents, Volume 2, Service historique de l'Armée de terre, 1998, p.174 (ISBN:2863231138)
 * "[Abdelkader was] transferred to Damascus by Napoleon III. There he became a friend of France, saving twelve thousand Christians from the Turks at the time of the massacres in Damascus, and refused to ally himself with the insurgents in Algeria in 1870." Herbert Ingram Priestley, France Overseas: A Study of Modern Imperialism (1938), American Historical Association Publications, Routledge, 1967 (ISBN:0714610240)
 * "The French continued to pay his pension and monitor his activities, and 'Abd al-Qadir remained a self-declared 'friend of France' until his death in 1883." N. Achrati, Following the Leader: A History and Evolution of the Amir ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi as Symbol,The Journal of North African Studies Volume 12, Issue 2, 2007

Abd al-Qadir
Why does the article insist on using the "Abd al-Qadir" spelling of his name? Can you please provide references to support the use of this spelling of his name??? If we're going to change the article title, we should change the article to match it as well. TonyStarks (talk) 02:00, 5 May 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Abdelkader El Djezairi. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20160106095647/http://www.naqshbandi.net/haqqani/Islam/Shariah/muamalaat/jihad/amir_abdul_qadir.html to http://www.naqshbandi.net/haqqani/Islam/Shariah/muamalaat/jihad/amir_abdul_qadir.html

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Requested move 13 November 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Moved – Emir Abdelkader looks much closer to the WP:COMMONNAME of this historical figure than any of his other names and aliases. Low participation in the move request would point to lack of consensus but sources do favor the target title, the lone Oppose argument with WP:SOVEREIGN has been countered, and a previous move was apparently non-consensual. I am admittedly applying a bit of WP:IAR in this close. — JFG talk 00:00, 4 December 2016 (UTC)

Abdelkader El Djezairi → Emir Abdelkader – A rather bizarre decision was taken by the closing admin last time, who decided to move the page to the very uncommon, strange, wrong-sounding and awkward current title. (I believe anyone familiar with the topic natural's reaction to the current topic would be "wait? who?"). The request last time was to move the page to "Emir Abdelkader", by far and large the most common name. Alternatively if there is objection under the guise that Emir is a title, then I propose using his real name "Abdelkader ibn Muhyiddin". There are many problems with the current title. Not only is it very uncommon in English (or even French for that matter, outside of recent official Algerian government media) but it is also misleading as it gives the impression that the subject was from Algiers. A city which he never visited or had any relation with whatsoever. Tachfin (talk) 05:23, 13 November 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose: per WP:SOVEREIGN: "article titles are not normally prefixed with "King", "Queen", "Emperor" or equivalent" - royal titles should not be used in article titles. Ebonelm (talk) 21:03, 27 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Support per WP:COMMONNAME. On google scholar and google books "Emir Abdelkader" receives an order of magnitude more hits than "Abdelkader El Djezairi"., I'm not sure I see the relevance of WP:SOVEREIGN here, this guideline explicitly states there are no explicit conventions on Middle Eastern monarchs. –  Uanfala (talk) 12:53, 1 December 2016 (UTC)
 * @, you missed the second part of the sentence out "but contemporary monarchs with Arabic names are often treated much as this guideline would suggest". I see no reason why an exception should be made in this case. –Ebonelm (talk) 22:29, 1 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Maybe you missed the second word in the bit you quote, . A 19th-century figure isn't quite contemporary, is it? – Uanfala (talk) 22:35, 1 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I'd argue that in this case by using "contemporary" what it meant (as opposed to what it literally said) is referring to any figure from the modern period, otherwise it would mean that once someone was dead we could suddenly change their article titles to whatever we felt like. I know in the literal sense contemporary only means 'in the present' but usage of such terminology has weakened (in fact the term 'modern' also technically means "just now" but we have since used it as a title for an period of time). Ebonelm (talk) 22:43, 1 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I agree with you that contemporary means "modern", but I guess we have different views on the temporal extent of modernity. At any rate, I don't understand the rationales behind this particular wording in the guidelines, so I'm not in a position to try and interpret it. However, the two facts remain: the guideline says there's no guideline, and the current title of the article is an awkward term with almost no usage. I wouldn't oppose a different article title as long as it is a common one. – Uanfala (talk) 22:57, 1 December 2016 (UTC)

CN¥

Gift of pistols – Lincoln or Buchanan?
Though it is difficult to read, the inscription says "1860". Lincoln did not take office until 1861. While it is possible the date refers to the date of the riots, it seems unlikely. Did the pistols in fact come from James Buchanan? Though it cannot be cited as a source, this blog briefly mentions the gift: http://www.ranyontheroyals.com/2010/07/abd-el-kader-and-massacre-of-damascus.html

 * And from the United States came a gift of a pair of finely wrought colt pistols – one source claims they were made of gold – delivered in a maple box which bore the inscription: "From the President of the United States, to his Excellency, Lord Abdelkader, 1860."

 * (Two of my sources claim the gift was sent by President Lincoln, not President Buchanan. While this would make the story even better – one of our best presidents rather than one of our worst – Lincoln did not take office until March, 1861.)

The claim in our article is actually unsourced, or at least it lacks an in-line citation. Other references online repeat the claim that Lincoln gave the Emir the pistols—at least one does so while saying he did so in 1860, before he took office. Anyone know the real story? WP Ludicer (talk) 00:55, 16 July 2019 (UTC)

Family of Abdelkader
@M.Bitton, I'm not sure why you waited for another editor (@Descartes16) to revert my addition again. You tried to reject the sources, claiming they are old, so I added The Larousse entry to address your concern. I'm not going to discuss the reliability of the sources, as I'm confident you know they are highly reliable. 808 AD (talk) 15:45, 28 May 2024 (UTC)

 * You know exactly how WP:ONUS works, so for you to ask them to seek consensus when that's you role makes no sense. Regardless of what some cherrypicked sources say, the fact of the matter is that his remote (ancient and unsubstantiated) ancestry is disputed (see the French wiki article) and irrelevant to his notability (what he is known for). M.Bitton (talk) 15:51, 28 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Two (or maybe three?) highly reliable encyclopedias include this information (the facts that his family came from the Rif and that it belongs to the Hashim tribe) in their entries on Emir Abdelkader, so what prevents his Wikipedia page from doing the same? As far as I can see, it is not disputed. If you have checked more sources, please cite them here. 808 AD (talk) 16:05, 28 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I said what I needed to say about the fact that any claims about his remote ancestry are pure BS (as Maghrebis had no civil registries), it's irrelevance to his notability and the ongoing cherrypicking (self-explanatory). Feel free to help yourself to some more irrelevant claims in the French wiki article. M.Bitton (talk) 16:15, 28 May 2024 (UTC)

Should this statement: "Abdelkader's family was one of the most influential in the Arab Hashim tribe, which, after residing for a long time in the Rif region of Morocco, moved and established itself in the 18th century in the Beylik of Oran.  " be included in the early years section?808 AD (talk) 16:52, 28 May 2024 (UTC)

 * This statement is false and can be put away very easily, one his famous ancestor (Sidi Kada) was born in 1535 in Tighennif (Mascara), so way before the 18th century. His genealogy is also very disputed and the French Wikipedia gives a lot of informations.
 * Please see the relevant sources in the French article:
 * -Abdelkader Boutaleb, L'emir Abd-El-Kader et la Formation de la Nation Algerienne : De L'emir Abd-El-Kader à la Guerre de Libération Nationale, Prose Publishing, 2013, 410 p. (ISBN 978-0-9575177-2-1, https://books.google.com/books?id=xJvsoAEACAAJ), p. 55
 * -Abdelkader Boutaleb, L'emir Abd-El-Kader et la Formation de la Nation Algerienne : De L'emir Abd-El-Kader à la Guerre de Libération Nationale, Prose Publishing, 2013, 410 p. (ISBN 978-0-9575177-2-1, https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/947843177), p. 55 Descartes16 (talk) 17:12, 28 May 2024 (UTC)

(Invited by the bot) The way this is (so far) presented is that a careful respondent would need to take an hour learn about and analyze everything to respond. Which is going to be very few people. Also, the discussed text contains at least 3 different statements and they probably need to be treated separately instead of as a bundle. Sincerely, North8000 (talk) 13:38, 29 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Emir Abdelkader