text:
Layout

In general terms, a layout is a structured arrangement of items within certain limits, or a plan for such arrangement.

Specifically, layout may refer to:
 * Page layout, the arrangement of visual elements on a page
 * Comprehensive layout (comp), a proposed page layout presented by a designer to their client
 * Layout (computing), the process of calculating the position of objects in space
 * Layout engine, another name for web browser engine, the core software that displays content in a web browser
 * Automobile layout, a description of the locations of the engine and drive wheels on a vehicle
 * Integrated circuit layout, the representation of an integrated circuit in geometric shapes
 * Keyboard layout, an arrangement of the keys on a typographic keyboard
 * Model railroad layout, a diorama with tracks for operating scaled-down trains
 * Layout (dominoes), the tableau in a domino game
 * Layout or marking out, the transfer of a design onto a workpiece in manufacturing
 * Plant layout study, an engineering study to analyze physical configurations for a manufacturing plant
 * Layout, a specific version of the splits, a position in which the legs are extended in opposite directions
 * Process layout, a floor plan of a plant that arranges equipment according to its function
 * Product layout, a floor plan of a plant in which work stations and equipment are ordered by assembly sequence

title: Layout


text:
Talk:Maitum

Ok guys, to play the game according to your rules, I have rewritten the article and it is now in the Temp page. Kindly notify me first before you do any summary executions again. Look, I am not hiding in any way.

I still have rewritten this soon-to-be-deleted page because the copyright violation notice looks bad and, again, suggest an air of paranoia.

BJ?
"Maitum" is a native word meaning black. and it is discovered by BJ.

What does BJ relate to Maitum? I don't understand. Is this a spam? I come from the Philippines and i haven't heard any BJ. If there is, why is there no surname? Pls verify. A-yao 09:41, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

i am a Maitumians and i never heard something about BJ. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.54.32.20 (talk) 16:26, 17 February 2008 (UTC) ahhhhuhhh...unsa na??genuine b nw??wah kron lng m kdungog ana vahhh...kudjaw —Preceding unsigned comment added by 119.92.55.17 (talk) 12:07, 8 November 2009 (UTC)

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Maitum


text:
The Grand Scheme of Things

The Grand Scheme of Things is a 1993 solo album by Yes guitarist Steve Howe. The album features seven vocal tracks and nine instrumental tracks using instruments including dobro, steel guitar, bass guitar, mandolin, keyboards, organ, Spanish guitar and anvil. The album reached No.15 in the Billboard Top New Age Albums charts.

Track listing
All songs written by Steve Howe except where noted.
 * 1) "The Grand Scheme of Things" – 5:09
 * 2) "Desire Comes First" – 3:36
 * 3) "Blinded by Science" – 3:28
 * 4) "Beautiful Ideas" – 3:58
 * 5) "The Valley of Rocks" – 3:07
 * 6) "At the Gates of the New World" – 3:57
 * 7) "Wayward Course" – 4:13
 * 8) "Reaching the Point" (S. Howe, Keith West) – 3:52
 * 9) "Common Ground" (Virgil Howe, S. Howe) – 2:15
 * 10) "Luck of the Draw" – 1:40
 * 11) "The Fall of Civilization" (Janet Howe, S. Howe, West) – 4:06
 * 12) "Passing Phase" – 3:28
 * 13) "Georgia's Theme" – 2:44
 * 14) "Too Much Is Taken and Not Enough Given" – 5:32
 * 15) "Maiden Voyage" – 4:20
 * 16) "Road to One's Self" – 2:38

Personnel
Musicians:
 * Steve Howe – vocals, guitars (acoustic, electric, steel, pedal steel, bass), mandolin, koto, flute, keyboards, percussion
 * Keith West – harmony vocals, harmonica
 * Virgil Howe – keyboards, piano
 * Anna Palm – violin, vocals
 * Nick Beggs – bass, stick
 * Dylan Howe – drums, percussion

Production personnel:
 * Martyn Dean – photography, logo, cover art
 * Roger Dean – artwork, design
 * Richard Edwards – mixing
 * Renny Hill – engineer, mixing
 * Michael Jeffries – engineer, cabassa
 * Steve Rush – engineer
 * Paul Wright III – engineer

title: The Grand Scheme of Things


text:
Cerebral circulation

Cerebral circulation is the movement of blood through a network of cerebral arteries and veins supplying the brain. The rate of cerebral blood flow in an adult human is typically 750 milliliters per minute, or about 15% of cardiac output. Arteries deliver oxygenated blood, glucose and other nutrients to the brain. Veins carry "used or spent" blood back to the heart, to remove carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and other metabolic products. The neurovascular unit regulates cerebral blood flow so that activated neurons can be supplied with energy in the right amount and at the right time. Because the brain would quickly suffer damage from any stoppage in blood supply, the cerebral circulatory system has safeguards including autoregulation of the blood vessels. The failure of these safeguards may result in a stroke. The volume of blood in circulation is called the cerebral blood flow. Sudden intense accelerations change the gravitational forces perceived by bodies and can severely impair cerebral circulation and normal functions to the point of becoming serious life-threatening conditions.

The following description is based on idealized human cerebral circulation. The pattern of circulation and its nomenclature vary between organisms.

Blood supply
Blood supply to the brain is normally divided into anterior and posterior segments, relating to the different arteries that supply the brain. The two main pairs of arteries are the internal carotid arteries (supply the anterior brain) and vertebral arteries (supplying the brainstem and posterior brain). The anterior and posterior cerebral circulations are interconnected via bilateral posterior communicating arteries. They are part of the circle of Willis, which provides backup circulation to the brain. In case one of the supply arteries is occluded, the circle of Willis provides interconnections between the anterior and the posterior cerebral circulation along the floor of the cerebral vault, providing blood to tissues that would otherwise become ischemic.

Anterior cerebral circulation

The anterior cerebral circulation is the blood supply to the anterior portion of the brain including eyes. It is supplied by the following arteries:
 * Internal carotid arteries: These large arteries are the medial branches of the common carotid arteries which enter the skull, as opposed to the external carotid branches which supply the facial tissues; the internal carotid artery branches into the anterior cerebral artery and continues to form the middle cerebral artery.
 * Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
 * Anterior communicating artery: Connects both anterior cerebral arteries, within and along the floor of the cerebral vault.
 * Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

Posterior cerebral circulation

The posterior cerebral circulation is the blood supply to the posterior portion of the brain, including the occipital lobes, cerebellum and brainstem. It is supplied by the following arteries:
 * Vertebral arteries: These smaller arteries branch from the subclavian arteries which primarily supply the shoulders, lateral chest, and arms. Within the cranium the two vertebral arteries fuse into the basilar artery.
 * Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
 * Basilar artery: Supplies the midbrain, cerebellum, and usually branches into the posterior cerebral artery
 * Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
 * Pontine branches
 * Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
 * Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
 * Posterior communicating artery

Venous drainage
The venous drainage of the cerebrum can be separated into two subdivisions: superficial and deep.

The superficial system is composed of dural venous sinuses, sinuses (channels) within the dura mater. The dural sinuses are therefore located on the surface of the cerebrum. The most prominent of these sinuses is the superior sagittal sinus which is located in the sagittal plane under the midline of the cerebral vault, posteriorly and inferiorly to the confluence of sinuses, where the superficial drainage joins with the sinus that primarily drains the deep venous system. From here, two transverse sinuses bifurcate and travel laterally and inferiorly in an S-shaped curve that forms the sigmoid sinuses which go on to form the two jugular veins. In the neck, the jugular veins parallel the upward course of the carotid arteries and drain blood into the superior vena cava. The veins puncture the relevant dural sinus, piercing the arachnoid and dura mater as bridging veins that drain their contents into the sinus.
 * The superficial system

The deep venous system is primarily composed of traditional veins inside the deep structures of the brain, which join behind the midbrain to form the great cerebral vein (vein of Galen). This vein merges with the inferior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus which then joins the superficial venous system mentioned above at the confluence of sinuses.
 * The deep venous system

Physiology

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is the blood supply to the brain in a given period of time. In an adult, CBF is typically 750 millilitres per minute or 15.8 ± 5.7% of the cardiac output. This equates to an average perfusion of 50 to 54 millilitres of blood per 100 grams of brain tissue per minute.

The radio index of cerebral blood flow/cardiac output (CCRI) decreases by 1.3% per decade, even though cardiac output remains unchanged. Across the adult lifespan, women have a higher CCRI than men. CBF is inversely associated with body mass index.

CBF is tightly regulated to meet the brain's metabolic demands. Too much blood (a clinical condition of a normal homeostatic response of hyperemia) can raise intracranial pressure (ICP), which can compress and damage delicate brain tissue. Too little blood flow (ischemia) results if blood flow to the brain is below 18 to 20 ml per 100 g per minute, and tissue death occurs if flow dips below 8 to 10 ml per 100 g per minute. In brain tissue, a biochemical cascade known as the ischemic cascade is triggered when the tissue becomes ischemic, potentially resulting in damage to and the death of brain cells. Medical professionals must take steps to maintain proper CBF in patients who have conditions like shock, stroke, cerebral edema, and traumatic brain injury.

Cerebral blood flow is determined by a number of factors, such as viscosity of blood, how dilated blood vessels are, and the net pressure of the flow of blood into the brain, known as cerebral perfusion pressure, which is determined by the body's blood pressure. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is defined as the mean arterial pressure (MAP) minus the intracranial pressure (ICP). In normal individuals, it should be above 50 mm Hg. Intracranial pressure should not be above 15 mm Hg (ICP of 20 mm Hg is considered as intracranial hypertension). Cerebral blood vessels are able to change the flow of blood through them by altering their diameters in a process called cerebral autoregulation; they constrict when systemic blood pressure is raised and dilate when it is lowered. Arterioles also constrict and dilate in response to different chemical concentrations. For example, they dilate in response to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the blood and constrict in response to lower levels of carbon dioxide.

For example, assuming a person with an arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 40 mmHg (normal range of 38–42 mmHg) and a CBF of 50 ml per 100g per min. If the PaCO2 dips to 30 mmHg, this represents a 10 mmHg decrease from the initial value of PaCO2. Consequently, the CBF decreases by 1ml per 100g per min for each 1mmHg decrease in PaCO2, resulting in a new CBF of 40ml per 100g of brain tissue per minute. In fact, for each 1 mmHg increase or decrease in PaCO2, between the range of 20–60 mmHg, there is a corresponding CBF change in the same direction of approximately 1–2 ml/100g/min, or 2–5% of the CBF value. This is why small alterations in respiration pattern can cause significant changes in global CBF, specially through PaCO2 variations.

CBF is equal to the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) divided by the cerebrovascular resistance (CVR):

 * CBF = CPP / CVR

Control of CBF is considered in terms of the factors affecting CPP and the factors affecting CVR. CVR is controlled by four major mechanisms:
 * 1) Metabolic control (or 'metabolic autoregulation')
 * 2) Pressure autoregulation
 * 3) Chemical control (by arterial pCO2 and pO2)
 * 4) Neural control

Role of intracranial pressure
Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) causes decreased blood perfusion of brain cells by mainly two mechanisms:
 * Increased ICP constitutes an increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure that, in turn, causes a decreased driving force for capillary filtration from intracerebral blood vessels.
 * Increased ICP compresses cerebral arteries, causing increased cerebrovascular resistance (CVR).

Cerebral perfusion pressure
Cerebral perfusion pressure is the net pressure gradient causing cerebral blood flow to the brain (brain perfusion). It must be maintained within narrow limits; too little pressure could cause brain tissue to become ischemic (having inadequate blood flow), and too much could raise intracranial pressure.

Imaging
Arterial spin labeling (ASL), phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) are neuroimaging techniques that can be used to measure CBF. ASL and PET can also be used to measure regional CBF (rCBF) within a specific brain region. rCBF at one location can be measured over time by thermal diffusion

title: Cerebral circulation


text:
JScript .NET

JScript .NET is a .NET programming language developed by Microsoft.

The primary differences between JScript and JScript .NET can be summarized as follows:

Firstly, JScript is a scripting language, and as such programs (or more suggestively, scripts) can be executed without the need to compile the code first. This is not the case with the JScript .NET command-line compiler, since this next-generation version relies on the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) for execution, which requires that the code be compiled to Common Intermediate Language (CIL), formerly called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), code before it can be run. Nevertheless, JScript .NET still provides full support for interpreting code at runtime (e.g., via the  constructor or the   function) and indeed the interpreter can be exposed by custom applications hosting the JScript .NET engine via the VSA interfaces.

Secondly, JScript has a strong foundation in Microsoft's ActiveX/COM technologies, and relies primarily on ActiveX components to provide much of its functionality (including database access via ADO, file handling, etc.), whereas JScript .NET uses the .NET Framework to provide equivalent functionality. For backwards-compatibility (or for where no .NET equivalent library exists), JScript .NET still provides full access to ActiveX objects via .NET / COM Interop using both the ActiveXObject constructor and the standard methods of the .NET Type class.

Although the .NET Framework and .NET languages such as C# and Visual Basic .NET have seen widespread adoption, JScript .NET has never received much attention, by the media or by developers. It is not supported in Microsoft's premier development tool, Visual Studio .NET. However, ASP.NET supports JScript .NET.

Language differences
The following are prime examples of language differences between JScript .NET and other .NET languages, including comparisons.

Differences with C#

 * JScript .NET does not require a main function that the operating system must call directly when executing a JScript .NET application, as such, JScript .NET program flow can be based on global code.
 * JScript .NET, because of its very loose type checking system can be very easy to learn, since the convention of explicit type declaration is not required at all.
 * JScript .NET does not require explicit references to the .NET Framework Base Class Library, as certain functions found in earlier versions of JScript are present in JScript .NET (e.g. functions for finding the tangent of an angle for a right triangle).
 * JScript .NET is closely linked to C syntax, and is thus very easy to learn for C#, Java or C++ developers.
 * While JScript .NET can be used to create Windows Forms applications, JScript .NET will have some trouble, as delegates can only be consumed in JScript .NET and not created. Thus, custom events are hard to emulate in JScript .NET.

Differences with C++
e.g.:
 * JScript .NET does not require a main function.
 * JScript .NET does not require explicit type declaration on variables. (In C++, the use of templates and generics can be compared to this, loosely emulated with template specialization, etc.)
 * JScript .NET also does not require explicit type casts on variable use in the program. Code used to retrieve a string of characters, but only used for integer numbers can be cast implicitly; the vice versa can be done without error at compile time, but there is a chance of loss of precision or data.

Differences with Java

 * JScript .NET syntax and lexical conventions are similar to Java in that both are derived from C. JScript was originally Microsoft's implementation of ECMAScript, which is more commonly known as JavaScript, though it is unrelated to Java. Thus, users of Java and other C-derived languages will find JScript easier to learn.
 * JScript .NET allows developers to use untyped variables, and can sometimes infer their type from their usage to optimize the compiled code. On the other hand, Java requires all variables to be typed.
 * JScript .NET can add properties and methods to objects in run-time, while Java objects always conform to their declared interface.
 * JScript .NET supports global variables, something Java does not.

Differences with older versions of JScript

 * JScript .NET allows developers to declare variables and functions with type information (e.g., var x : String;), while type information for JScript's variables and functions can not be declared (e.g., var x;).
 * JScript .NET scripts are not interpreted, but executed independently. When executed, a JScript .NET application will invoke the CLR. The CLR will execute the CIL instructions without using an interpreter.
 * JScript .NET can be run without the presence of a browser or another scripting engine as the compiler can generate standalone executables and assemblies. However these still require .NET Framework to be installed in order to run.
 * JScript .NET provides access to the .NET Framework BCL (Base Class Library), providing much more functionality.
 * JScript .NET is only available as a scripting language for ASP.NET, the technology used to generate web pages; thus, JScript .NET takes a similar role to PHP and other server-side scripting languages. Internet Explorer, however, is still using only the older JScript engine, so JScript.NET cannot be used to script web pages (or HTAs or HTCs). In this regard, JScript is much more versatile than JScript .NET.

title: JScript .NET


text:
3,000-hit club

The 3,000-hit club is the group of 33 batters who have collected 3,000 or more regular-season hits in their careers in Major League Baseball (MLB). Reaching 3,000 hits has, "long considered the greatest measure of superior bat handling" and is often described as a guarantee of eventual entry into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Cap Anson was the first MLB player to reach 3,000 hits, although his precise career hit total is unclear. Two players—Nap Lajoie and Honus Wagner—reached 3,000 hits during the 1914 season. Ty Cobb did so in 1921 and became the first player in MLB history to reach 4,000 hits in 1927, ultimately finishing his career with 4,189. Pete Rose, the current hit leader, became the second player to reach 4,000 hits on April 13, 1984, and surpassed Cobb in September 1985, finishing his career with 4,256. Roberto Clemente's career ended with precisely 3,000 hits, which he reached in the last at bat of his career on September 30, 1972.

Of the 33 members, 18 were right-handed batters, 13 were left-handed, and two were switch hitters. The Cleveland Guardians and Detroit Tigers are the only franchises to see three players reach 3,000 hits while on their roster: for Cleveland, Lajoie, while the team was the Naps, Tris Speaker, and most recently Eddie Murray, both when the franchise was known as the Indians, and, for the Tigers, Cobb, Al Kaline, and most recently Miguel Cabrera. Ten of these players have played for only one major league team. Seven players—Hank Aaron, Willie Mays, Eddie Murray, Rafael Palmeiro, Albert Pujols, Alex Rodriguez, and Miguel Cabrera—are also members of the 500 home run club. Cobb holds the highest career batting average at .366, while Cal Ripken Jr. holds the lowest at .276. Derek Jeter, Wade Boggs, and Alex Rodriguez are the only players to hit a home run for their 3,000th hit, and Paul Molitor and Ichiro Suzuki are the only players to hit a triple for their 3,000th; all others hit a single or double. Stan Musial was the first to collect an extra-base hit for his 3,000th hit, and is also the only one to have done so as a pinch-hitter. Craig Biggio is the only player to be thrown out for his 3,000th hit, while attempting to stretch the hit into a double. Biggio and Jeter are the only players whose 3,000th hit came in a game where they had five hits; Jeter reached base safely in all of his at bats. The most recent player to reach 3,000 hits is Cabrera, who did so on April 23, 2022, while playing for the Detroit Tigers.

All eligible players with 3,000 or more career hits have been elected to the Hall except Palmeiro and Rodriguez, whose careers have been tainted by steroid allegations, and since 1962 all except Biggio were elected on the first ballot. Rose is ineligible for the Hall of Fame because he was permanently banned from baseball in 1989. After four years on the ballot, Palmeiro failed to be named on 5% of ballots in 2014, after which his name was removed from the Baseball Writers' Association of America ballots, although it is possible that the Veterans Committee could select him. Rodriguez garnered 34.3% of the vote during his first year of eligibility in 2022. Twenty-one different teams have had a player reach 3,000 hits. Cabrera, Pujols, and Suzuki are not yet eligible for the Hall because they haven’t been retired for 5 years.

Members

 * Statistics updated as of the end of the 2023 season.

title: 3,000-hit club


text:
Talk:William O. Douglas

Living Person?
At the top of the article, there is a warning, dated April 2013, that includes the following:

"Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful."

As noted in the article, Douglas has been dead for over 30 years. Why the concern?

John Paul Parks (talk) 03:13, 22 December 2013 (UTC)

POV
As a person who actually heard and saw Douglas on the Court during his tenure. I was an early fan of his. However, in looking at his background as a mature person, it became clear that my view of Douglas, like that of the article, was more hero worship than reality. Biographers of Douglas say he lied in a series of self-promotional autobiogs. He claimed to have graduated second in his law school class but was apparently fifth. He claimed to have been in WW I, but apparently only spent 2 mos in a student officer training class. Anyhow, I won't attempt to edit the article, but somebody should. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.49.20.187 (talk) 15:32, 28 June 2015 (UTC)

Moved from article body, due to obvious POV:

 * Douglas was a flagrant womanizer and alcoholic. He once was having sex with his young mistress (and future third wife) in his Supreme Court office and had to hide her in the closet to avoid discovery by his second wife. Douglas was widely known for treating his law clerks terribly, calling them the "lowest form of human life."

Please document these three items before returnig them to the article body. -- llywrch 17:09, 18 Jul 2004 (UTC)

This is an unsourced POV assertion. We need to attribute conclusions like this to someone. -Willmcw 06:31, August 2, 2005 (UTC)
 * The entire incident proved a preshadowing of the more recent battles over Supreme Court nomineees.

 * You know, I'm not sure I understand how this is POV or partisan, which is why I reverted it. Unless you can either argue:

1. The Court nomination process is non partisan (which I doubt anyone would agree to) 2. There were routine severe partisan battles over Supreme Court nominees prior to 1970 (which the historical record doesn't support - close votes for nominees  prior to that date did not split strictly via party lines, and the entire process   often took place within a week, although there were instances (Harlan II) where it   was a bit longer, but then again he prevailed 71-11.)

the writer has a pretty solid historical point, not a POV or opinion. I tend to think the objection raised over this is in fact partisan-based, as the whole "well you Republicans filibustered Fortas back in 1968" has become the argument du jour. By my reading, that's not what is being argued here whatsoever.

That said, what is probably a better way to make this point would be to say:

"The 1968-1970 struggles over Supreme Court nominations and impeachment efforts marked the beginning of the modern era of more partisan battles over Supreme Court nominees."

Unless you can argue otherwise, I will add this point. Old64mb 17:13, August 2, 2005.

 * That is a much better wording. In general, drawing conclusions of our own, however well-founded, is original research. Cheers, -Willmcw 18:05, August 2, 2005 (UTC)

 * Adding back to article above (with slight wording change to make it flow better with the preceding paragraph) "This effort and the struggles over the Fortas, Haynesworth, and Carswell nominations marked the beginning of the modern era of more partisan battles over Supreme Court nominees." -Old64mb

IRS
According to http://evans-legal.com/dan/tpfaq.html#incomedef, "In addition, there are known examples of judges being biased against the IRS. The most extreme case was Justice William O. Douglas. During his many years on the U.S. Supreme Court, Justice Douglas voted against the IRS at almost every opportunity, frequently dissenting (without opinion) from otherwise unanimous decisions. The accepted explanation of this odd voting record is that he was still angry at having been audited once by the IRS. Justice Douglas was a very strong-willed, outspoken man, and if the IRS has ever taken any other actions against him, he would have let us know about it." Anyone know if this is true or not? Amcfreely 03:30, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Interesting site, but that's a definite POV interpretation of his voting record (although probably an accurate POV guess as to the writing he'd have done if in fact he'd been audited). Especially in his later years, Douglas was the sole vote against so many unanimous decisions (Vietnam especially but a whole bunch of other things too) that one of the biographers reported the clerks would often joke the vote was "8 to Douglas," so not just the IRS he was mad at.  (Pity he didn't follow the Harlan example of eloquence in them.)  IIRC, Douglas actually never got openly audited by the IRS per se - the Nixon admin had the IRS go through his returns pre-impeachment attempt but the actual audit-type questions were asked to Douglas' attorneys by the staff of the special committee Celler set up.  - Old64mb

 * The quotations are effective in demonstrating that Douglas was an able judicial polemicist and had the good sense to write his own opinions rather than rely on law clerks, even if they are not really the lowest form of human life. Still, taken as a whole, Douglas's judicial oeuvre is slipshod and slapdash. Here are typical criticisms, none of them by conservatives. "His opinions were not models; they appear to be hastily written; and they are easy to ignore" (Lucas Powe). Their carelessness is rooted in "indifference to the texture of legal analysis, which arises from an exclusively political conception of the judicial role" (Yosal Rogat). "Douglas was the foremost anti-judge of his time" (G. Edward White). A careful study of his tax opinions by Bernard Wolfman and others has documented Douglas's unreasoning hostility to the Internal Revenue Service and accuses him of "refusing to judge in tax cases."

from http://www.law.uchicago.edu/news/posner-antihero.html Amcfreely 05:35, 23 July 2006 (UTC)

It seems that Douglas was not only critical of the IRS, but of the U.S. tax system in general. See his dissenting opinion in Commissioner v. Idaho Power Co.,.

I suspect that if the life of the vehicle were 40 years and the life of the building were 10 years the Internal Revenue Service would be here arguing persuasively that depreciation of the vehicle should be taken over a 40-year period. That is not to impugn the integrity of the IRS. It is only an illustration of the capricious character of how law is construed to get from the taxpayer the greatest possible return that is permissible under the Code.

--Eastlaw 04:39, 13 September 2006 (UTC)

All of which must be viewed in light of the fact his own nephew, John P Persons, was the chief counsel for the IRS in Washington DC in 1953 (and for some years after). Persons married Florence, the daughter of Douglas's brother Arthur, in Bronxville New York. Are not judges and justices supposed to recuse themselves in the event of conflict of interest? Still, Douglas often went overboard in reaction when someone asked him to use his high office for their personal gain. Genehisthome (talk) 07:39, 30 December 2012 (UTC)

Something isn't clear...
What does this mean:

While President Gerald Ford was gracious upon Douglas' retirement, the irony is inescapable that his most bitter political enemy was allowed to name his replacement on the Court.

Was Ford his "most bitter political enemy"? It doesn't explain that in the text does it? Thanks!

 * Re-read the text. Ford, while in Congress, tried to impeach Douglas. -Willmcw 18:49, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Good call, missed that!

I wonder if he is the very William O. Douglas who traveled to Middle East — Preceding unsigned comment added by Esmatly (talk • contribs) 18:01, 27 November 2013 (UTC)

Impeachment hearings
I added some stuff on the 1970 impeachment hearings, which was such an embarrassment to everybody. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Ericl (talk • contribs).

 * Most of the section on the Impeachment Hearings is ridiculously POV. Clearly needs some editing.--Velvet elvis81 21:56, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I actually do have a copy of the House report sitting around someplace, I'll make sure to add appropriate cites when I edit it. Old64mb 03:00, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

The article says there were three impeachment attempts, but only describes two. Richard75 (talk) 16:29, 4 January 2009 (UTC)

I come back to this - three attempts. In Legal Encyclopedia: Douglas, William Orville: "and he survived three impeachment attempts led by Gerald R. Ford". This was found on-line, http://www.answers.com/topic/william-o-douglas, taken from West's Encyclopedia of American Law, 2nd edition, published by Thomson Gale. The article indicates only two attempts. Can this be cleared up? --67.142.161.22 (talk) 18:24, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

It gets better (if more confusing): The site cited by the article for the number four is a collection of what appears to be newspaper book reviews. One of the reviews says four impeachment efforts, without saying what they were for or how far along any got before dying. Another one says three, and at least offers that "The second impeachment effort was provoked by his sensible if premature suggestion--it was during the Korean War--that the United States should begin to cozy up to Communist China in order to divide it from the Soviet Union". In light of the timing, it is possible that the China issue was one of the issues raised in the Rosenberg impeachment hearings, but how would China be the "second" effort? Clearly, there's a lot of straightening-out to do. --Piledhigheranddeeper (talk) 19:16, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

Controversy
The article itself does a very poor job of dealing with the burial at Arlington. It is pretty clear that he did not meet the criteria and that, in effect, he was allowed there because of his role as a justice without any real investigation of his "service." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.152.216.213 (talk) 14:37, 7 July 2017 (UTC)

This is seriously POV and takes the Douglas line throughout. Read another biography. 129.171.233.29 12:21, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm flagging the Controversy section (which is basically the Posner review of Wild Bill) for a couple of reasons. First, while Murphy's claims are verifiable - he did a hell of a job spending 10 years ferreting the stuff out - Posner basically just summarizes what Murphy argues.  Proper citation should in fact be from Murphy's book, not a secured site containing Posner's review.  And second and more importantly, if this is to not be a Posner POV section, competing quotes from other reviews (to paraphrase the former Douglas law clerk who stated something like "He missed one thing...why did we all love the guy even if he was a jerk?") have to be included to bring it to NPOV.  Murphy's research deserves a section on this article, but it has to be balanced out.  I may take a shot at it a bit later.  Old64mb 03:00, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually, I'm just going to move it here until someone (or me) takes a whack at making it NPOV and cites the quotations properly. Old64mb 03:24, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

 * If a person was bad, saying he was bad is not POV. QED, idiot. 208.111.233.208 20:27, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

In a 2003 article published in The New Republic, Judge Richard A. Posner reviewed a biography of Justice Douglas written by Bruce Allen Murphy, entitled "Wild Bill: The Legend and Life of William O. Douglas." In his book review, entitled "The Anti-Hero", Posner reflected on his experiences with the Justice he refers to as "one of the most unwholesome figures in modern American political history, a field with many contenders." Posner's book review includes the following assertions about Justice Douglas:
 * At the time Posner met Douglas (while clerking for Justice William Brennan), Douglas was surreptitiously "having sex with his soon-to-be third wife in his Supreme Court office, that he was being stalked by his justifiably suspicious soon-to-be ex-wife, and that on one occasion he had to hide the wife-to-be in his closet in order to prevent the current wife from discovering her."
 * Posner notes that the biography took fifteen years to complete, partly because "Douglas turned out to be a liar to rival Baron Munchausen."
 * Douglas is memorialized as having overcome polio to enlist in the United States Army to fight in Europe during in World War I; in fact, Douglas never served in the Armed Forces, nor did he ever have polio.
 * Posner summarizes Douglas as "a flagrant liar, . . . a compulsive womanizer, a heavy drinker, a terrible husband to each of his four wives, a terrible father to his two children, and a bored, distracted, uncollegial, irresponsible, and at times unethical Supreme Court justice who regularly left the Court for his summer vacation weeks before the term ended. Rude, ice-cold, hot-tempered, ungrateful, foul-mouthed, self-absorbed, and devoured by ambition, he was also financially reckless--at once a big spender, a tightwad, and a sponge--who, while he was serving as a justice, received a substantial salary from a foundation established and controlled by a shady Las Vegas businessman"
 * Posner points out numerous lies included in Posner's autobiographical writings, including:
 * An assertion that Douglas's "grandfather Orville had fought in Grant's army at Vicksburg, when in fact Orville had deserted from the Union Army twice without ever seeing combat."
 * "Douglas claimed to have grown up in abject poverty. This was another lie: his mother had been left surprisingly well provided for as a widow, and the family, though poor by modern standards (as most people were a century ago), was middle class."
 * Douglas claimed to have lived in a tent during his college years when, in fact, he had resided in a fraternity house (though in hot weather the fraternity brothers sometimes slept in tents).
 * Douglas attended Columbia Law School in New York and "claimed to have arrived in New York, having ridden the brake rods of a train or possibly in an open boxcar, with just six cents in his pocket--all lies. By this time he was married, and his wife, a schoolteacher, was his major support in law school. He concealed this in his autobiography, in part by postdating his marriage by a year, and claimed to have worked his way through law school."
 * Douglas "claimed to have heard Caruso sing at the Metropolitan Opera House, though the tenor died the year before Douglas arrived in New York."
 * Douglas claimed to have graduated second in his law school class, which is untrue.
 * Douglas went on to teach at Columbia and at Yale, representing that he had "been a successful Wall Street lawyer. He also claimed to have practiced law in [his hometown of] Yakima; he had not."

In his book review, Posner asks, "Does any of this matter? It would not--had not Douglas in his autobiographical writings and elsewhere presented his life to the public as exemplary of American individualism and achievement. I cannot begin to imagine his thinking in publishing lies that were readily refutable by documents certain one day to be discovered."

I don't understand what the point of having Posner's view on Douglas is. Posner obviously did not like the guy and has serious disagreement's with the way Douglas wrote decisions. It just doesn't fit in my opinion. --Smvans7 07:41, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Most of these lies seem trivial to me. Who really cares if he heard Caruso sing or not? Atropos 01:03, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Exactly; what kind of person would lie about such trivial things? 69.253.222.184 (talk) 07:24, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

Most Dissents?
Where is the evidence that Douglas wrote the most dissents? Running a LexisNexis search, it appears to me that Douglas dissented 781 times and Thurgood Marshall dissented 2,390 times.

Nightkey 16:21, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

Odd form for this reference/link
Following "The William O. Douglas Wilderness, which adjoins Mount Rainier National Park in Washington state, is named in his honor, as Douglas had both an intimate connection to that area and a deep commitment to environmental protection.[1] Douglas Falls in the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina is also named after him." I note that the exact same info is in the Find a Grave article, which would be a reference. Maybe somebody wants to address this. 7&6=thirteen (talk) 11:44, 9 September 2008 (UTC) Stan

Bot-created subpage
A temporary subpage at User:Polbot/fjc/William Orville Douglas was automatically created by a perl script, based on this article at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. The subpage should either be merged into this article, or moved and disambiguated. Polbot (talk) 19:33, 4 March 2009 (UTC)

Level of headings
Apologies to all. I did not realize that those extra '=' made subheadings, and just 'corrected' them all - my fault, and I have learned. Dumarest (talk) 14:15, 30 September 2009 (UTC)

Retirement date
This article is wrong. Douglas retired Tuesday, November 11, 1975. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.10.227.201 (talk) 23:52, 26 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Not according to the source cited. Fat&Happy (talk) 01:05, 27 March 2011 (UTC)

Added a See also link
Added a See also link, to new article, William O. Douglas Prize. Cheers, — Cirt (talk) 17:05, 2 March 2013 (UTC)

Problem with Murphy "Wild Bill" book cites
The citation form for the Murphy "Wild Bill" book gives the same page citation for all of the refs. But only the first one is correct. The others should ref different pages. What can be done about this? PraeceptorIP (talk) 21:07, 13 January 2016 (UTC)

The footnotes that follow this post are unrelated to the above post. PraeceptorIP (talk) 21:08, 13 January 2016 (UTC)

Third wife
The article refers to her as Cathleen Stone, but her name was Cathleen Heffernan when she married Justice Douglas. Her later, married name seems irrelevant to this article. I suggest she should be referred to by the name she had at the time.Asburyparker (talk) 17:00, 25 August 2016 (UTC)

Italics
What are all these random italics doing in the lead section? I have tried to removed them, but for some reason cannot. Island Pelican (talk) 19:21, 17 August 2022 (UTC)
 * . Looks like you introduced the error in Special:Diff/1104934922 by essentially "stealing" the opening italics for Paramount Pictures to use for Skinner. Happens.   --  Tamzin  [ cetacean needed ] (she|they|xe) 19:24, 17 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:William O. Douglas


text:
Fyodor Bredikhin

Fyodor Aleksandrovich Bredikhin (Фёдор Александрович Бредихин, 8 December [ O.S. 26 November] 1831 – 14 May [O.S. 1 May] 1904) was a Russian astronomer. His surname is sometimes given as Bredichin in the literature, and non-Russian sources sometimes render his first name as Theodor.

Information
In 1857 he joined the staff of the observatory at Moscow University, becoming its director in 1873. In 1890 he became director of Pulkovo Observatory (until 1894) and in the same year became a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

He studied the theory of comet tails, and also studied meteors and meteor showers.

The asteroid 786 Bredichina and the crater Bredikhin on the Moon are named after him. The F. A. Bredikhin Prize is awarded by the Russian Academy of Sciences.

title: Fyodor Bredikhin


text:
User:Seb3k~enwiki

Seb3k = Civil engenering student from Croatia

Likes: Sport(Judo, boxing, rugby, soccer, weightlifting), history(esp. WW1), preferans(card game), beer, trash metal

Dislikes: folk music, people who keep remote-controles inside nylon bags, various...

title: User:Seb3k~enwiki


text:
Microsoft Message Queuing

Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) is a message queue implementation developed by Microsoft and deployed in its Windows Server operating systems since Windows NT 4 and Windows 95. Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10 also includes this component. In addition to its mainstream server platform support, MSMQ has been incorporated into Microsoft Embedded platforms since 1999 and the release of Windows CE 3.0.

Overview
MSMQ is a messaging protocol that allows applications running on separate servers/processes to communicate in a failsafe manner. A queue is a temporary storage location from which messages can be sent and received reliably, as and when conditions permit. This enables communication across networks and between computers, running Windows, which may not always be connected. By contrast, sockets and other network protocols assume that direct connections always exist.

MSMQ has been available to developers on Microsoft platforms since 1997, and has commonly been used in enterprise software built with Visual Studio, both in the native pre-.NET incarnation (version 5 and 6), and in Visual Studio .NET. Microsoft also has incorporated MSMQ in its messaging technology framework, Windows Communication Foundation (WCF). Under WCF, MSMQ can be used for providing secure, reliable transport with a unified programming model compatible with other communications standards.

MSMQ is responsible for reliably delivering messages between applications inside and outside the enterprise. MSMQ ensures reliable delivery by placing messages that fail to reach their intended destination in a queue and then resending them once the destination is reachable. It also supports security and priority based messaging. Dead letter queues can be created for looking at messages which timed out or failed for other reasons.

MSMQ supports both durable and non-durable messaging to make a trade off between performance or consistency by writing messages to disk or only in RAM. Non-durable messaging can only be achieved by sending express messages via non-transactional queues.

MSMQ also supports transactions. It permits multiple operations on multiple queues, with all of the operations wrapped in a single transaction, thus ensuring that either all or none of the operations will take effect. Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MSDTC) supports transactional access to MSMQ and other resources to achieve transactional exact once processing.

The following ports are used for Microsoft Message Queuing operations:
 * TCP: 1801
 * RPC: 135, 2101*, 2103*, 2105*
 * UDP: 3527, 1801
 * * These port numbers may be incremented by 11 if the initial choice of RPC port is being used when Message Queuing initializes. Port 135 is queried to discover the 2xxx ports.

Version references

 * Version 1.0 (May 1997). Supports Windows 95, Windows NT 4.0 SP3, Windows 98 and Windows Me.
 * Version 2.0, included with Windows 2000.
 * New features include: Support for registering public message queues in Active Directory, 128-bit encryption and digital certificate support, full COM support for message properties (achieving functional parity with the Win32 API function calls, full DNS path name support, improved performance in multi-threaded applications.
 * Version 3.0, included with Windows XP (Professional, not Home Edition) and Windows Server 2003.
 * New features include: Internet Messaging (referencing queues via HTTP, SOAP-formatted messages, MSMQ support for Internet Information Services), queue aliases, multicasting of messages, and additional support for programmatic maintenance and administration of queues and MSMQ itself.
 * Version 4.0, part of Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008.
 * New features include: Subqueues, improved support for "poison messages" (messages which continually fail to be processed correctly by the receiver), and support for transactional receives of messages from a remote queue.
 * Version 5.0, part of Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2.
 * New features include: support for Secure Hash Algorithm 2.0 (SHA2) and all advanced hash algorithms that are supported in Windows 2008 R2; by default, weaker hash algorithms are disabled.
 * Version 6.0, part of Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012.
 * Version 6.3, part of Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2.

Uses
MSMQ is heavily used in various Windows Platform-based contact center applications which uses this service for internal notifications and services.

title: Microsoft Message Queuing


text:
Talk:Gunhilda

Gunhild, wife of Sweyn I is attributed with being the mother of Canute I. Sigrid the Haughty is also said to be the wife of Sweyn I and the mother of Canute I also known as Canute the Great. The dates will have to be studied further to authenticate motherhood.

Why the redirect when there is also the Gunhilda who died during the St Bride's Day Massacre?Jatrius (talk) 20:47, 18 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gunhilda


text:
Template talk:Eye anatomy

Should these templates be better co-ordinated?
Should these templates be better co-ordinated? Template:Sensory system Template:Visual system Template:Eye Right now they they look kind of cluttered on the pages and they overlap strangely. -- Birgitte§β ʈ  Talk  15:28, 19 January 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes I think that they should Hezbolarki Fun Ship 04:02, 21 May 2007 (UTC)

Corneal keratocytes are gone
Maybe they could still be included somehow? -- C opper K ettle  11:46, 9 November 2009 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Eye anatomy


text: User talk:64.12.116.9

title: User talk:64.12.116.9


text: User talk:212.138.64.176

title: User talk:212.138.64.176


text:
Värpinge

Värpinge is a borough in western Lund, Skåne in southern Sweden. The borough covers both rural, the old Värpinge village and newer neighborhoods (close to central Lund). Värpinge is most of the times referred to as a suburb. Large parts of the area were built in the beginning of 1990. Bigger roads that go through the city district are Västra Ringen and Trollebergsvägen. Värpinge is adjacent to Rinnebäcksravinen. The area was previously called Västra Fäladen.

title: Värpinge


text:
Palaic language

Palaic is an extinct Indo-European language, attested in cuneiform tablets in Bronze Age Hattusa, the capital of the Hittites. Palaic, which was apparently spoken mainly in northern Anatolia, is generally considered to be one of four primary sub-divisions of the Anatolian languages, alongside Hittite (central Anatolia), Luwic (southern Anatolia) and Lydian (western Anatolia).

Its name in Hittite is palaumnili, or "of the people of Pala"; Pala was probably to the northwest of the Hittite core area, so in the northwest of present mainland Turkey. The region was overrun by the Kaskians in the 15th century BC, and the language likely went out of daily use at that time.

Phonology
Melchert reconstructs the following phonemic inventory for Palaic:

Vowels
The phonemic status of /e/ and /eː/ is uncertain.

Morphology
In terms of its morphology, Palaic is a fairly typical specimen of Indo-European. Palaic shared common innovations with Luwian not present in Old Hittite, suggesting a prior Luwian-Palaic linguistic complex. It has been characterized as "more conservative than Hittite" and heavily influenced by the Hattic language, though caution is prescribed for the latter assertion given the paucity of available materials.

Noun
Palaic shows the same gender distinction as seen in Hittite, i.e. animate vs. inanimate. It distinguishes two numbers, singular and plural, and at least six cases: nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative, and locative.

Old Hittite has the genitive singular suffix -aš circa 1600 BC (compare Proto-Indo-European *-os); where Cuneiform Luwian instead uses the -ašša/i- adjectival suffix. Palaic, on the northern border of both, like later Hieroglyphic Luwian has both an -aš genitive and an -aša- adjectival suffix.

Palaic also has similar pronoun forms to Old Hittite.

Verb
The verb in Palaic is inflected for number (singular and plural), person, tense (present and preterite), and mood (indicative and imperative). It also has two voices, active and medio-passive.

Palaic is considered to have had a "high number of attestations of the suffix -ina," all of which were transitive.

title: Palaic language


text:
Melba Rae

Melba Rae Toombs, known professionally as Melba Rae (1922 (age 49) in Willard, Utah – December 29, 1971 in Manhattan) was an American soap opera actress.

Career
Rae acted in early daytime television, playing the wife of the couple next door on Search for Tomorrow for 20 years — from its inception in 1951 until her untimely death of a cerebral hemorrhage at New York Hospital. Her character, Marge Bergman, was best friends with the main character of the series, Joanne (played by Mary Stuart).

Personal life
Rae, a lifelong member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was married to Gilbert Shawn from September 2, 1955, until her death. The couple had a son and daughter. Their son, Eric Shawn, became a reporter for Fox News Channel. Gilbert Shawn moved to Orlando, Florida later in life, where he died at the age of 84.

Death
On December 29, 1971, Rae died of a cerebral hemorrhage at New York Hospital in New York City, aged 49.

title: Melba Rae


text:
Curt Gowdy

Curtis Edward Gowdy (July 31, 1919 – February 20, 2006) was an American sportscaster. He called Boston Red Sox games on radio and TV for 15 years, and then covered many nationally televised sporting events, primarily for NBC Sports and ABC Sports in the 1960s and 1970s. He coined the nickname "The Granddaddy of Them All" for the Rose Bowl Game, taking the moniker from the Cheyenne Frontier Days in his native Wyoming.

Early years
The son of Ruth and Edward "Jack" Gowdy (Curt's father was a manager and dispatcher for the Union Pacific railroad ), Curtis Edward (Curt) Gowdy was born in Green River, Wyoming, and moved to Cheyenne at age six. As a high school basketball player in the 1930s, he led the state in scoring. He also showed an early interest in journalism, serving as sports editor of his high school newspaper. He enrolled at the University of Wyoming in Laramie, where he was a 5'9" (175 cm) starter on the basketball team and played varsity tennis, lettering three years in both sports for the Cowboys. He was also a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity.

After graduating in 1942 with a degree in business statistics, he entered the army, where he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant. Gowdy planned to become a fighter pilot, but a ruptured disk in his spine from a previous sports injury cut short his military service in the Army Air Force, leading to a medical discharge in 1943. Gowdy would continue to suffer from persistent back problems for many years.

In November 1943, recovering from back surgery, Gowdy made his broadcasting debut in Cheyenne calling a "six-man" high school football game from atop a wooden grocery crate in subzero weather, with about 15 people in attendance. He found he had a knack for broadcasting, and worked at the small KFBC radio station and at the Wyoming Eagle newspaper as a sportswriter (and later sports editor). After several years in Cheyenne, he accepted an offer from CBS's KOMA radio in Oklahoma City in September 1945. He was hired primarily to broadcast Oklahoma college football (then coached by new-hire Bud Wilkinson) and Oklahoma State college basketball games (then coached by Hank Iba). In 1947–1948, in addition to calling football and basketball on KOMA, Gowdy was also broadcasting the baseball games of the Texas League Oklahoma City Indians, on station KOCY. When Gowdy announced in early 1949 that he was leaving Oklahoma to work in New York, his replacement was fellow Oklahoma City sportscaster Bob Murphy.

Gowdy's distinctive play-by-play style during his broadcasts of minor league baseball, college football, and college basketball in Oklahoma City earned him a national audition and then an opportunity with the New York Yankees in 1949, working with (and learning from) Mel Allen for two seasons.

Family background
In June 1949, Curt married Geraldine (Jerre) Dawkins. She had a bachelor's degree in Education from Central State College, and was studying for a master's degree in Radio Speech at the University of Oklahoma when they became engaged. Curt and Jerre had three children: Cheryl Ann Gowdy, Curtis Edward Gowdy Jr. (who worked as a sports producer for ABC and SNY), and Trevor Gowdy.

Boston Red Sox
Gowdy began his Major League Baseball broadcasting career working as the No. 2 announcer to Mel Allen for New York Yankees games on radio and television in 1949–50. There, he succeeded Russ Hodges, who departed to become the New York Giants' lead announcer when the Yankees and Giants decided to broadcast a full slate of 154 games, instead of sharing the same radio network and announcers for the 77 home games of each team that had been broadcast (no away games of either team were broadcast). Two years later, in Boston, the Red Sox and the Boston Braves followed a similar path, with each team opting for its own networks and announcers to allow each team to broadcast their full schedules, home and away. Jim Britt, who had called home games of both teams, decided to stay with the Braves, opening the top spot on the Red Sox broadcast team.

In April 1951 at the age of 31, Gowdy began his tenure as the lead announcer for the Red Sox. For the next 15 years, he called the exploits of generally mediocre Red Sox teams on WHDH radio and on three Boston TV stations: WBZ-TV, WHDH-TV, and WNAC-TV (WBZ and WNAC split the Red Sox TV schedule from 1948 through 1955; WBZ alone carried the Red Sox from 1955 through 1957; and WHDH took over in 1958). During that time, Gowdy partnered with two future baseball broadcasting legends: Bob Murphy and Ned Martin. Chronic back pain caused Gowdy to miss the entire 1957 season. He also did nightly sports reports on WHDH radio when his schedule permitted. Gowdy was also the narrator of several Red Sox highlight films during his tenure in Boston which described the season in depth along with its key moments; this would lead to him eventually narrating World Series highlight films during his time with NBC (1968–1974, '77).

Gowdy called Ted Williams' final at-bat where he hit a home run into the bullpen in right-center field off Jack Fisher of Baltimore. He also called Tony Conigliaro's home run in his first at-bat at Fenway Park on April 17, 1964 at the age of 19.

He left WHDH after the 1965 season for NBC Sports, where for the next ten years he called the national baseball telecasts of the Saturday afternoon Game of the Week and Monday Night Baseball during the regular season (and the All-Star Game in July), and the postseason playoffs and World Series in October.

Early ABC Sports career
Following a stint calling NBA games for NBC from 1955 to 1960, Gowdy moved to ABC, where he teamed with Paul Christman to cover college football in 1960 and 1961 and the American Football League from 1962 to 1964. On February 27, 1966, Gowdy called his final major event for ABC, the 1966 Daytona 500 which aired as part of the long running sports anthology series Wide World of Sports.

NBC Sports
In the fall of 1965, he moved full-time to NBC, with whom he would be employed for over a decade. Gowdy was the lead play-by-play announcer for the network for both the American Football League (AFC from 1970 on) and Major League Baseball, but Gowdy also covered a wide range of sports, earning him the nickname of the "broadcaster of everything." He called the 1969 Final Four in Louisville and during the closest played game of the tournament, the semi-final between UCLA and Drake, he confused Drake with Duke, mistakenly calling the Drake Bulldogs by the wrong name no fewer than three times. It was Drake that came within three points of upsetting the mighty Bruins.

Besides Christman, who followed him from ABC to NBC, Gowdy's other football broadcast partners were Kyle Rote, Al DeRogatis, Don Meredith, John Brodie, and Merlin Olsen. His broadcast partners for baseball included Pee Wee Reese, Tony Kubek, Sandy Koufax, and Joe Garagiola. He also had many different partners for basketball, including Tommy Hawkins and Billy Packer. DeRogatis was also Gowdy's partner for college football games.

Departure from NBC's baseball telecasts
After the 1975 World Series, he was removed from NBC's baseball telecasts, when sponsor Chrysler insisted on having Joe Garagiola, who was their spokesman in many commercials, be the lead play-by-play voice. While Gowdy was on hand in the press box for Carlton Fisk's home run in Game 6 of the 1975 Series, the calls were made by two of Gowdy's Red Sox successors, Dick Stockton on TV and Ned Martin on radio. Gowdy was Martin's color man on that home run. Gowdy returned to the NBC World Series broadcast in 1978 as "Host" with Garagiola handling play-by-play and Kubek and Tom Seaver providing color. After umpire Frank Pulli decided not to call interference on a significant base-running play involving Reggie Jackson in Game 4 of the 1978 Series, Gowdy interviewed Pulli on NBC shortly before Game 5 began.

Later work
He continued as NBC's lead NFL announcer through the 1978 season, with his final broadcast being Super Bowl XIII between Pittsburgh and Dallas. With NBC anxious to promote Dick Enberg to the lead NFL position, NBC orchestrated a “trade” with CBS for the up-and-coming Don Criqui, who enjoyed a long career with NBC. After switching networks, Gowdy called NFL games on CBS for two seasons with former Kansas City Chiefs head coach Hank Stram, and also did baseball on radio. He returned to ABC to call regional college football in 1982 and 1983. In 1987, Gowdy was the radio voice of the New England Patriots.

In 1976, when Gowdy otherwise still worked for NBC, he was loaned to ABC to work on their Summer Olympics coverage in Montreal. Gowdy called swimming with Donna de Varona and basketball with Bill Russell.

Notable moments called by Gowdy
Curt Gowdy was present for some of American sports' storied moments, including Ted Williams' home run in his final at-bat in 1960, Super Bowl I, the AFL's "Heidi" game of 1968, and (after the 1968 pro football season) the third AFL-NFL World Championship game (Super Bowl III) in which Joe Namath and the New York Jets defeated the NFL champion Baltimore Colts. Two years later in Super Bowl V, Gowdy called the dramatic 16–13 Colts' win over Dallas. The next year in 1971, Gowdy's telecast on NBC caused many a Christmas dinner to be delayed as the country locked in that Christmas Day to the longest game in pro football history when the Miami Dolphins defeated the Kansas City Chiefs 27–24 in the final game at Kansas City's Municipal Stadium. He also covered Franco Harris' "Immaculate Reception" of 1972, Clarence Davis' miraculous catch in a "sea of hands" from Oakland Raiders quarterback Ken Stabler, to defeat the Miami Dolphins in the final seconds of a legendary 1974 AFC playoff game, and Hank Aaron's 715th home run in 1974.

Gowdy endeared himself to long-suffering American Football League fans when it was learned that in an off-air break towards the end of a game, he asked rhetorically: "“I want to see Tex Maule, that —————.”", a reference to the Sports Illustrated writer who for years had denigrated the AFL. On-air, in contrast to some of his contemporary announcers of NFL games, he avoided their hyperbole and transparent adulation of players, and gave steady, nonpartisan, but colorful descriptions of AFL games. Gowdy was also known for the occasional malapropism, including a consoling comment just after the Red Sox lost the 1975 World Series: "Their future is ahead of them!"

Notable assignments
Over the course of a career that stretched into the 1980s, Gowdy covered pro football (both the AFL and NFL), Major League Baseball, college football, and college basketball. He was involved in the broadcast of 13 World Series, 16 baseball All-Star Games, 9 Super Bowls, 14 Rose Bowls, 8 Olympic Games and 24 NCAA Final Fours. He also hosted the long-running outdoors show The American Sportsman on ABC.

Gowdy called all the Olympic Games televised by ABC from 1964 to 1988 with Roone Arledge's sports department at ABC.

In the mid-1970s, Gowdy was host and producer of The Way It Was, for PBS, and in later years provided historic commentary for Inside the NFL, on HBO.

Relationship with Roone Arledge
Gowdy was also close friends with Arledge, and acknowledged that he gives Arledge all the credit for making ABC what it is today, including the creation of the network's sports department, and the innovations for televising sporting events that made the sports departments at NBC and CBS jealous. The two were the creators, and first producers for the Wide World of Sports television show.

In 1970, he was coveted by ABC's Arledge for the new Monday Night Football, but Gowdy was bound by his contract to NBC Sports (although he continued with Grits Gresham of Natchitoches, Louisiana, to host The American Sportsman on ABC).

Commentating style
Gowdy was said to have a warm, slightly gravelly voice and an unforced, easy style that set him apart from his peers. (Author John Updike once described him as sounding "like everybody's brother-in-law.") Unlike many well-known sportscasters, Gowdy never developed catchphrases or signature calls, but merely described the action in a straightforward manner. Examples:

"Jack Fisher into his windup, here's the pitch...Williams swings, and there's a long drive to deep right...it could be...it could be...IT IS! A home run for Ted Williams, in his last time at bat in the major leagues!"

"The ball's hit deep... deep...it is gone! He did it! He did it! Henry Aaron... is the all-time home run... leader now!"

Retirement
Gowdy's career wound down after The American Sportsman was canceled in 1985.

He briefly came out of retirement in 1987 to call the New England Patriots on radio, and in 1988 he returned to NBC to call September NFL games with Merlin Olsen and old partner Al DeRogatis, while Olsen's regular partner Dick Enberg was covering the Summer Olympics in Seoul.

In May 2003, a few months shy of his 84th birthday, Gowdy called a Red Sox–Yankees game from Fenway Park, as part of the ESPN Major League Baseball "Living Legends" series. At the end of the broadcast, he thought he could have done better. ESPN's Chris Berman said, "We'll give you another chance." Gowdy replied, "Call me back."

Gowdy also co-hosted the Drum Corps International Championships on PBS from 1989 to 1993 with Steve Rondinaro.

Film cameos
Gowdy made cameo appearances in the movies The Naked Gun (1988) and Summer Catch (2001), and his voice can be heard in Heaven Can Wait (1978) and BASEketball (1998).

 * Heaven Can Wait (1978) – TV Commentator
 * The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! (1988) – The Baseball Announcer #5
 * An American Summer (1990) – Himself
 * BASEketball (1998) – World Series Announcer (voice)
 * Summer Catch (2001) – Himself

Television and radio commercials
In the 1950s and '60s, 'Curt Gowdy did pre-recorded and live commercials for Red Sox sponsor Narragansett Beer. His voice speaking the famous line: "Hi Neighbor, have a 'Gansett" was known to Red Sox fans everywhere. In the 1980s, Gowdy voiced a series of beer commercials for Genesee. Essentially, these ads had an outdoor enthusiast theme, with Curt's tag line being "Genesee – the great outdoors in a glass."

Author
Gowdy, who also did some sportswriting during his early broadcasting days, wrote two books: Cowboy at the Mike (1966), with Al Hirshberg, and Seasons to Remember: The Way It Was in American Sports, 1945–1960 (1993), with John Powers. He also wrote the foreword for the 2000 book The Golden Boy, authored by Dr. George I. Martin, in which Gowdy described the subject of the book, Jackie Jensen, as possibly the best athlete he had ever covered.

Radio stations
In 1963, Gowdy purchased radio stations WCCM and WCCM-FM in Lawrence, Massachusetts, later changing the FM station's call letters to WCGY to somewhat match his name. Gowdy also owned several radio stations in Wyoming, including KOWB and KCGY in Laramie. He sold his broadcast interests in Massachusetts in 1994 and his Wyoming stations in 2002. He also owned WEAT and WEAT-FM in West Palm Beach, Florida, and WBBX in New Hampshire. The year away from broadcasting the Red Sox in 1957 awakened him to the fact that he might need an alternate way of making a living, leading to his interest in station ownership.

Awards
In 1970, Gowdy became the first sportscaster to receive the George Foster Peabody Award. The National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association named Gowdy as Massachusetts Sportscaster of the Year five times (1959–1963) and National Sportscaster of the Year twice (1966, 1969), and inducted him into its Hall of Fame in 1981. In 1985, he was inducted into the American Sportscasters Association Hall of Fame along with his onetime Yankees partner Mel Allen and Chicago legend Jack Brickhouse. He served as the organization's vice president and was a member of its board of directors. In addition, he was given the Ford C. Frick Award from the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1984, the Pete Rozelle Award from the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1993 and a lifetime achievement Emmy in 1992, and was selected to the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame in 2000. Gowdy was president of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame for several years, and that institution's Curt Gowdy Media Award is presented annually to outstanding basketball writers and broadcasters; he was one of its first two recipients.

Curt Gowdy's 23 Halls of Fame honors/inductions:
 * 1) Conservation Hall of Fame International – April 16, 1973
 * 2) Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement – 1973
 * 3) International Fishing Hall of Fame – 1981
 * 4) National Sportscasters & Sportswriters Association Hall of Fame – 1981
 * 5) Sportswriters & Broadcasters Hall of Fame – 1984
 * 6) Ford C. Frick Award recipient, awarded by the National Baseball Hall of Fame – 1984
 * 7) American Sportscasters Association Hall of Fame – 1985
 * 8) Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame – 1990, Curt Gowdy Media Award recipient
 * 9) Museum of Broadcasting Hall of Fame – 1990
 * 10) Gold Medal Hall of Fame Award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences in New England
 * 11) Oklahoma Sports Hall of Fame – 1992
 * 12) Pro Football Hall of Fame – 1993, Pete Rozelle Radio-Television Award recipient
 * 13) Oklahoma Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame – 1994
 * 14) American Football League Hall of Fame – 1995
 * 15) University of Wyoming Athletics Hall of Fame – September 25, 1998
 * 16) Florida Sports Hall of Fame – 1999
 * 17) Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame – 2000
 * 18) Wyoming Sports Hall of Fame – 2001
 * 19) International Game Fish Association (IGFA) Fishing Hall of Fame – 2003
 * 20) Wyoming Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame – 2003
 * 21) Wyoming Outdoor Hall of Fame – 2004
 * 22) National Freshwater Fishing Hall of Fame – 2005
 * 23) Rose Bowl Hall of Fame – 2005 inductee (January 3, 2006)

Curt Gowdy State Park
A state park in Wyoming, opened in 1971, was officially named for Gowdy on March 27, 1972, one of numerous honors bestowed on the native son from the state of Wyoming on "Curt Gowdy Day." The 11,000 acre (44 km2) Curt Gowdy State Park is halfway between his high school hometown of Cheyenne and his college town of Laramie. Additional land was acquired by the state for the park in 2006. "It has two beautiful lakes, hiking trails, camping, boating, fishing, and beauty," said Gowdy. "It has everything I love. What greater honor can a man receive?"

Gowdy was proud of his Wyoming heritage and loved the outdoors, and said that he was "born with a fly-rod in one hand," and that the sports microphone came a little later. In 2002, he recalled that his father, Edward Curtis Gowdy, who had taught him to hunt and fish, was the best fly-fisherman in the state. "We had free access to prime-time fishing and hunting. The outdoors was a way of life for me. I should have paid them to host The American Sportsman."

On July 31, 2013, on the 94th anniversary of his birth, the state park opened an interpretive center with exhibits about the history of the park and Gowdy's work to preserve area natural resources. Milward Simpson, director of the Wyoming State Parks and Cultural Resources Department, describes the 7,400-square foot building, which also includes meeting rooms and a lobby, as a monument to the "fantastic legacy" left by Gowdy.

Death
Gowdy died at the age of 86 at his winter home in Palm Beach, Florida, after an extended battle with leukemia. His funeral procession circled Fenway Park and he was interred in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Pallbearers included his former NBC baseball broadcast partner and New York Yankees shortstop Tony Kubek.

Curt Gowdy Post Office Building
On October 12, 2006, the United States Postal Service building in Green River, Wyoming, was officially designated as the "Curt Gowdy Post Office Building," honoring the place of Gowdy's birth. The legislation required for the USPS name change was introduced by Wyoming House Representative Barbara Cubin.

title: Curt Gowdy


text:
Varsity (Cape Town)

Varsity is the official student newspaper of the University of Cape Town (UCT), printed since 1942.

History
The paper was founded as a result of the burgeoning cultural tensions on campus between Afrikaans and English students. The student representative council (SRC) sought to control these tensions by uniting the English student newspaper UCTattle and the Afrikaans medium publication Die Spantou. The SRC aimed to lessen the widening gap in political opinion advocated by each of these mouthpieces by launching a bilingual student newspaper.

A storm of controversy met the decision to abolish the original papers. The first Varsity constitution even had a clause forbidding comment on politics at UCT. The SRC was firm that "racial friction and political bitterness must be eliminated". The SRC took Varsity Newspaper firmly under its wing, with much indignation from the student body. The first editor, NC Gracie, chose the name claiming UCT had the right to the name "being the oldest [university] with the most inspiring record and the greatest tradition of tolerance and unity".

The newspaper grew in popularity as the years went on, and developed independence from the SRC, no longer merely acting as a puppet press. The paper maintained a spirit of liberalism during the apartheid years, with successive editors jailed and many editions incensing the National Party government. In fact, Varsity provided an important function during the years of censorship since it operated under different constraints to the mainstream press who were often shackled and prevented from reporting on the country's growing liberation struggle.

Many former staffers at Varsity have continued to work in the media industry in South Africa.

The current Editor-in-Chief of Varsity is Chloe Kingdom and the Deputy Editor is Lerato Botha.

title: Varsity (Cape Town)


text:
User talk:Sperch

Gone fishing
The awful discovery is that Wikipedia has an overpopulation of illiterate members who feel the need to edit but who cannot contribute. A brief survey shows that they create stubs of minor interest with little substance but lots of poor writing.

To bolster self esteem, they pontificate over their silly edits on other pages but they do not add substance. They engage in endless trivial debates.

Having my work edited by someone who can only write 6 sentences about fruitcake, 2 of them saying it has fruit in it, is just too much.

I'd rather be fishing.

Spotted Skunk
It took until you posted using your name for me to figure out what you were talking about. The only way to make that "blondes have more fun" comment appropriate to the article was to remove it. I'm not going to argue the humor value because that's subjective. Blatant outright, "look at me I'm supposed to be funny" jokes do not belong in Wikipedia. You're more than welcome to be clever with your writing, but please don't put straight-up jokes in. It's just not good style.

If I had made the massive changes you had, I would have taken it as a compliment that so little had been found wrong with it. I guess we have different views of the quality of our own writings. -- Cyrius|✎ 04:52, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I assume by your "wrote it all", you're taking credit for the edits by anonymous user 64.185.153.30.

 * Why should I be embarassed? Because some academic is trying to inappropriately play the authority card? The only person who should be embarassed here is the 50ish year old with three degrees who resorted to petty name-calling at the drop of a hat.

 * If you're really proud of your bad joke, you could try archiving it at Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense. Meanwhile, I'm going to go work with people who don't resort to poor insults at the drop of a hat. -- Cyrius|✎ 04:20, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * My upbringing tells me that insulting people is bad manners. A 50ish year old faculty member such as yourself (or so you claim) should know better. So far you have questioned my sense of humor, called me terminally dull, implied that I am intellectually lazy, and now you have resorted to insulting my parents (via my upbringing).

 * You're committing low-grade violations of the no personal attacks policy left and right, and I suggest you get out of the habit of doing so. -- Cyrius|✎ 16:31, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Why do you continue to insult me while claiming that I am the one insulting you? -- Cyrius|✎ 07:21, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Pet skunk
How's it going? Did you see the new pet skunk article? I'm pretty pleased with how it is coming along, and hopefully it will bring in some interest from the pet skunk community, so that we will get updated information on a regular basis. Nathanlarson32767 21:49, 30 Nov 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sperch


text: User talk:81.131.87.132

title: User talk:81.131.87.132