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Talk:Siberian tiger/Archive 1

Name
'''The Siberian Tiger is the Siberian Tiger everywhere, except perhaps in China. This name change was instituted by an anonymous user, 66.75.31.229. Look at this user's other contributions. Surely this was a hoax, was it not? Wetman 02:48, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I think so too, so I've changed the name back to Siberian Tiger. Although perhaps it should be further switched with 'Siberian tiger' which is currently a redirect. —danakil 01:08, Sep 9, 2004 (UTC)

 * In Russia it is "Amur tiger". Technically, the Russian Far East is not Siberia.
 * And Koreans tend to call it the Korean Tiger. --Dan 17:41, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

Regarding the name, I'm going to change all references to the cat as the "Amur Tiger" to "Siberian Tiger." In reading the article I was confused by calling it, in some sections Siberian and other Amur. The title of the article is "Siberian Tiger" and that is how it should be referred to through the rest of the article. Liontamarin (talk) 02:32, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Indeed the article is called Siberian Tiger, it is the Accepted name among zoos and scientists. This is how it will remain. I ask users to please respect the article and not change it back to Amur. CheetahKeeper (talk) 04:39, 30 April 2008 (UTC)

Able to kill a full grown cow with one swipe of its paw?
Can anyone verify this? I have been told reports of Siberian tigers having so much force in their swipes that they are able to instantly kill a full grown cow.

You may find the answer here: http://www.discovervancouver.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=68779&whichpage=2

It says tiger can kill gaur 1.7 tons and water buffalo 1.5 tons, so a 400 kg cow can be killed with 1 blow, no big deal. Take it easy! There are 2 posted videos of gaur and buffalo too. Giant indeed!!!! -G

Thats not true at all. This is a hoax again. Check your sources. They`re not worth anything. -N-

"Killing with a single paw strike" is pure myth. This has NEVER been proven, and all claims HAVE NOT been verified. Don't forget about that. A tigers paw is cushioned, it not gold plated or something to be used as a metal club. On rare occasions they do kill, especially when the carotid artery is lacerated. If they can kill with a single swipe insantly, why strangulate your prey for 30 minutes? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.177.74.138 (talk) 11:55, 29 August 2008 (UTC)

'''This site has been couped by Tiger- fans. That`s quite obvious. I think its a shame that we allow this to happen. Wikipedia has become another place for misleading Tiger hoaxes. A Tiger can not kill any domestic cattle with a paw strike. Tiger do NOT hunt grown Brown Bears. They are opportunists and will kill cubs if they can get to them. Its disturbing to read how some have created a "new reality" regarding the relationship between Tigers and Brown Bears. Grown Brown Bears have no fear of Tigers. And Tigers dont hunt them. Luckily someone have been able to get the truth in the text, but when people use Wikipedia as a reliable source, they will not get the truth about the Tiger.'''

And I would like to add; the largest Brown Bear ever killed by any Tiger (documented) was a young Bear in hibernation. The weight was 170 kg. Its one of very few times any Brown Bear over 110 kg has been killed by a Tiger.

—Preceding unsigned comment added by Norw73 (talk • contribs) 16:06, 13 June 2009 (UTC)

Disputed
Both this and Bengal Tiger claim to be the biggest. Which is correct?

It's said that it will attack asiatic black female bears under 600 pounds and generally avoid 800 pounds + Looking at the asiatic black bears link, THEY COME NO WHERE CLOSE TO THAT WEIGHT, the heaviest they get by looking at the average weight is about 200 kilograms, it's recorded average is at 150 kilograms, which is no where close to 600 pounds. Something is wrong —Preceding unsigned comment added by 211.30.228.96 (talk) 17:42, 26 February 2008 (UTC)

This sentence is also contradictory with the taxobox, which indicates that it's a subspecies, not a species. -- Smjg 16:05, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

The Siberian Tiger is not a subspecies, but rather a species, and it is quite a bit larger than the Bengal Tiger.
 * It is larger, but it is not a distict species; it is a sub species. All tigers are Panthera tigris, and the third part, such as the second tigris in the Bengal tiger's Panthera tigris tigris or the altaica in the Siberian tiger's Panthera tigris altaica, is the subspecies.

How about writing it like "The Siberian Tiger is the largest naturally ocurring member of the Feline family."?

the male tiger can grow to be larger than a station wagon. the female tiger can grow to be * 10 1/2 feet long

--

Despite all the arguments, the general scientific consensus is that the Amur Tiger is the biggest, Many serious sources mention it, including: A few printed encyclopedias I remember reading also mention it (can provide ISBN if you are interested). This seems to be the consensus, and I believe we should go with it.
 * the Guinness Workd Record book: http://www.4to40.com/recordbook/index.asp?category=&counter=461
 * Britannica: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9072439/tiger
 * US Fish&Wildlife service: http://www.fws.gov/species/species_accounts/bio_tige.html
 * National Geographic: http://www3.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/siberian-tiger.html and http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngexplorer/0311/articles/mainarticle.html

In general, it does make perfect biological sense as in general members of the same or closely related species tend to grow in size in colder/harsher conditions. (Ilvar 22:54, 12 October 2006 (UTC))

Yes, with every thing else being equal. That's not the case of Siberian tiger vs Northern indian, Nepal and Myanmar bengal tiger. Btw, 13 feet tiger, as well as 12 feet lion skins, are from old skins that have been stretched, so don't be proud of them, they are a lie. No tiger has been over 3.6m on record, bengal or siberian.

The NG source is right, but they never said Siberian averaging 300 kg, the average word is made up by some user. They say: 300 kg, which is ambiguous. In this case, that usually means "up to".
 * 300 kg is to much for average weight. After "Walker´s mamals of the world" siberian tigers weigh up to 300 kg!--Altaileopard 15:06, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

It looks like some users can't stand the fact that Siberian tiger < Northern Bengal tiger. Let's put an end to it.

The 384 kg record is a fake. No serious reference source includes this figure, as it doesn’t exist, just another estimate. This weight come off children books, and then put on the Internet by shallow people. Guinness records for animals, Grzimek and then Oxford mammal encyclopedia, “big cat: kingdom of might” are among the most repescted ref. about mammals and tigers, they all say average weight is 500 lbs, and they know of no such stupid 384 kg record. The book “big cat: kingdom of might” specifies the largest Siberian tiger on record was a huge male, killed in Russia in 1934 weghed 347 kg, 40 kg less than the largest recorded Northern indian tiger, another killed in Manchurian in 1962 weighed 320 kg, or 705 lbs. More, Mr. Igor paelanov, a leading Siberian tiger authority of Russia, even with 4 decades of tiger field study, said in this book “Tiger in the snow” that he never knew or even heard of any wild Siberian > 650 lbs, and all the measurements are considerably smaller than hunters’ estimated records in the past. He concluded: The Siberian, which suffers from prey poor habitat, are likely to weigh less than the mighty Bengal. They only appear larger due to their thick coat in winter.

So, even an Russian expert does acknowledge the size of the Siberian and he feels comfortable, why don't other people?

Excuse me, I don't want to be rude or anything, but the weight 350 kg(771 lbs) are from a reliable textbook, so don't change it to larger no. And the 384 kg record doesn't exist, really.

And now there's another expert agreeing that Siberian tiger < Bengal tiger:

This saying comes directly from an interview with Dr. Mel Sunquist, author of the book: Tiger moon, and a field experts on tiger who himself measured tigers' size and weight, including these Nepalese bengal tigers in the 1980s:

"The Sauhara tiger (aka 105) was estimated to weigh 600 lbs., our scale only went to 500 lbs and he bottomed the scale easily. Another estimate of 600 lbs was generated using a regression analysis based on known weights and several morphological measurements.

T101 was a large female weighing 350 lbs... T102 was an adult male weighing 440 lbs. All the recent weights and measurements that I've seen strongly suggest that Bengal tigers are larger than Siberians.

Mel Sunquist"

If that's not enough, here is what Dr. Sunquist writes in recent his book: "Wild cats of the world"

Average size of Amur Tigers is 495 lbs. - Source: Sunquist, Mel and Fiona Sunquist. 2002. Wild Cats of the World. University Of Chicago Press, Chicago

North west Indian and Nepalese Tigers are averaging 517 lbs. Source: Sunquist, Mel and Fiona Sunquist. 2002. Wild Cats of the World. University Of Chicago Press, Chicago

And as amazing as it may sound, nepalese tigers by no means the largest of the Northern Indian tiger race. The title belongs to the tiger of Assam, Northeast Indian, and Myanmar:

According to Dr. Mel Sunquist the tigers in Kaziranga national park of Assam are the largest bengal tigers he has come across and according to him, these tigers are larger than Nepal tigers. This comes from the same book.

In a word, with size smaller than the North west Indian and Nepalese Tigers, let alone the Myanmar and Assam tigers, The Siberian tiger is the 3rd largest of wild tigers, along with south and Central indian tigers.

Siberians pretty easily hold the records for size and weight in captivity and have historically been regarded as the largest of the tiger sub-species. In recent times wild measurements have seemed to dispute this but in the context of today's Siberian population all living in an area with particularly low prey-density and all living under the threat of poaching of which both limit what weights they can attain I'm inclined to favor the captive results which would be better test subjects. While Bengals certainly suffer many of the same threats there are times and places where specific parks have been able to keep poaching of prey species and tigers down where in Russia legal hunting of prey species and poaching have been a more or less constant presence. -Amur_Tiger —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.86.112.161 (talk) 21:12, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Given the same conditions (ie. captivity), Siberian tigers seem to be larger than Indian tigers. Also, by far the largest tiger skulls came from Manchuria, where the biggest Siberian tigers were always found, probably due to high prey density. I believe the largest tiger skull on record belongs to a tiger from this region. So it would be interesting to compare the Indian tigers of Assam with the Siberian large tigers that used to populate Manchuria.

But that still wouldn't really tell us wich is the largest subspeciues. To do that we have to compare Indian tigesr from all regions (south, central and north India, Bangladesh, western Burma, etc) and captivity, with Siberian tigers from all regions, as well as captivity. As far as I'm aware no one has done such a comparison. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dpwes (talk • contribs) 16:40, 29 April 2008 (UTC)

1988 Olympics
The article says Hodori is a Siberian Tiger. I didn't have much luck (in a short 5 minute search) finding any respectable sites saying he is a Siberian Tiger. Tiger just mentions him being a "stylized tiger". Is this accurate? Ash Lux 00:09, 9 December 2005 (UTC) December 2005 (UTC)
 * I have found a couple of references, but not alot:
 * http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigre_de_Siberia
 * http://cspace.unb.ca/nbco/globaled/skorea/act01d.html
 * http://siskorea.or.kr/communications/0203_handbook/hshandbook/page4.html. (This one doesn't explicitly say he's a Siberian Tiger, but it does make it seem likely).  Ash Lux 00:18, 9

can you please show me some pictures???

Prey
Someone erases the sentence: Siberian tiger preys on Brown bear. Well, can you give me the reason why? Some tigers do prey on brown bear In Russian far-east.

Answer: They usually dont prey on Brown Bear. But they can come over cubs or youngsters as potencial prey. They do not hunt fully grown Brown Bears. Thats a hoax. The largest Brown Bear ever documented killed by a Tiger was a hybernating young Bear weighing 170 kg. I think this info of Siberian Tiger is a shame. Its clearly written by Tiger fans that wants to overdo their abilities.

Grizzly vs Tiger
Does anyone have a reference to siberian tigers eating grizzly bears? Grizzly bears can be 2X heavier than a siberian tiger. Here is a website that talks about pit fights between grizzlies, lions and bulls.

http://www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger/conflict13.html

That and this is their territory...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Grizzly_map.gif'''

As you demonstrated quite effectively fights between grizzlies and tigers are quite impossible a rather large Pacific ocean lying between the two... the asiatic brown bear on the other hand isn't so lucky. The truth of the matter is the big Siberian males are quite capable of hunting down the smaller brown bears. However it is important to note that this is through hunting not a head to head fight, they would be stalked, chased and killed as prey not as a competitor, specifically tigers have been known to do this to bears during the winter while they're hibernating. However in a face to face fight the tiger is at a great disadvantage having to deal with the heavy club-like paws of brown bears which shatter the relatively fragile skull of the feline. In the end the only real predation that takes place is tigers eating bears while bears may get into fights with tigers I don't think they have the hunting skills to stalk one effectively.

So, you are another member of the type who thinks bear's claw is formidable. Sad but true, they are not. Have a good look at the grizzly's claws again. Are they something that can shatter the skull? To be accurate, they are capable of making some sratches on the skin of the tiger's skull! Who have seen a brown bear take on a tiger? No, that's something written on newspaper and some scientific journals: infotainment. Because, the reality is: Tiger is formidable for all types of bear, 600kg or not. The only thing of advantage for bear is its large size, and there's no reason why a softy brown bear would try to attck a tiger to steal its kills. That is highly fatal, and the point for that? Food! And the bear can get sufficient food from plants and carcasses found in the forest. No reason for taking on a tiger for prey kills, that's it. After all, bear is only bear,omnivorous. the lairweb is a stupid site that would not respond to my email regarding that stupid story. Note that,Siberian tiger is average, and gentle, but indochinese and bengal tigers that can kill very large wild cattles and break open the neck of water buffaloes with their sharp, powerful claws will just laugh at the mild-mannered brown bear if the bear wants to get a hand on their kills. But, one thing to note: Nothing is absolute. Sometimes a tiger(Siberian) just walks sliently away when a large brown bear approaches the kill scene. Why? Who knows? My best guess is that the animal is too small-hearted of a tiger ( usually an inexperienced tiger), or it's simply not hungry and so does not want an unnecessary fight.

Actually it's not the claws in and of themself that make them dangerous, just the weight of them and the bone and muscle around them that make their paws into maces that can shatter the relatively fragile feline skull, as was proved by some Californians who set up Grizzly vs. Tiger and Grizzly vs. Lion fights. In those fight the big cats would often come up against the bear, head on aiming to bite it's neck and instead get their head smashed in. Now that might seem to make it a win for bears, but these are far from natural conditions and play to the bear's habits more then the lion or the tiger's. As stated before tigers have been found to hunt down and kill bears, something which hasn't been returned to them, hunting wise there should be no suprise to find that the tiger wins out, fight wise it's also no suprise to see the bear win because of the way it's built and how it lives life. There are still to this day occational stories of big male Siberians lost to brown bears, the opposing cases of tigers hunting them are probably ommitted for they likly occur more often and aren't a species of such concern. Finnally the lairweb is a good site that has some of the best info about tigers on the web and it has been for a long time, the fact that they don't respond only means that the site, quite old now, isn't that actively maintained.

-Amur_Tiger

You made a good and constructive argument. I just want to add on something: In the natural habitat, bears hardly use their claws at all, as it has no strength to do enough damage. In fact, in all of the documentaries about bears, I never saw them utilize the claws, save for digging and wrestling. i owned about 80 DVD of wildlife documentaries, read many animal books, and have watched many others on diffrent channel, i never saw this once, except in the for-fun-only Animal face-off. Now, the muscles. Yes, the bear posesses good muscles, but they are nothing like that of a buffaloes 1200 kg or a rhino 2 tons. the sharp claws of the tiger, being about 9 - 12cm in length, can tear apart the muscles and thick skins of these animals,so i don't think tiger will have trouble with bear's muscles and weight. The only downside of siberian tiger is their weak ability in combating powerful preys. indian tigers have special tactics when dealing with much larger and dangerous preys, but not Amur tiger. So, when combating, i would say Siberian tiger has a little more chance to win than brown bear. One thing for certain: There is no such pit fight between old grizzly and big cats in which bears kill with a blow, that's so impossible. If a bear wins a tiger or lion, it must win by biting, that's that.

Certainly the Siberians don't have quite the same megafauna as their Bengal bretheren have but I'd be highly suprised to see that they would be incapable of bringing down of them down. I'd also like to know what you mean by 'special techniques'. Also their claws aren't actually meant for tearing through skin but for getting a good grip on their prey to prevent them from being thrown off. Finnally I would like you to explain why makes you think that pit fights of this sort have never been arranged and what makes you so certain that bears must bite to fight.

-Amur_Tiger

 * A Siberian Tiger can kill a cow with one swipe of it's paw. Excluding the claws, the sheer impact force would kill it.

-G

Good question Amur_tiger. About the special technique, i think it would be more fun for you to figure out for yourself, as I think you like tiger quite a lot ( your name says it, doesn't it? If wrong, I,m sorry). Forget about the bengal, they don't occur with brown bear, only with very large ungulates like elephant, thick-skinned rhino and wild cattles.While your arg about the tiger claw is true, it's not enough, claws are used for fighting as well. Fighting large animals, many times its size, the claws have been used to tear of the skin, because it's risky and inefficient to always attack with teeths. Elephant is the most prominent example. For small preys, the claws have been utilized as well, ex: procupine weighed about 18 kg, which sometimes lead to tiger's death. the tiger's claws are sharp, so no matter how thick or muscled the prey, it still can break open it. The bear, why it doesn't use claws? Because I have never seen it, though this is my 14th year of watching and reading animals. "Bear of the world", written by someone who live 40 years with brown bear, also accompany my conclusion, as does "living with the white bear", wriiten by a russian who live many years with Polar bear. If the claw is such a powerful weapon, the bear must have utilize it every so often, why waste it? i have seen brown bear bite myriad times, but not even once have i seen bear use claws to rain blows(forget about rain, even 2, 3 blows continously are so very rare). Wild alaska, the life of mammals, polar bear: shadow on the ice, and be the animal are recent bear documentary i collected, with the last one having brown bear fighting each other, they use teeth to kill, forepaws just to push. Lastly, pit fight of this sort has certainly been arranged, the bear perhaps won some fight, but the provider must make it more interesting by saying that the bear wins by clawing. I don't think it's possible to get a pic or a video of bear killing with paws, for it's not possible. In short, the myth that tiger is no match for large male brown is not true. Tiger is a match for bears of all sizes, to be objective. Bison is more than a match for any brown bear, so the 2nd myth, grizzly kills adult bison is also unrealistic.

I have studied tigers for 47 years and i have seen 11 Siberian Tiger vs Brown Bears Fights. The bear usually tries to push the tiger in order to make a bite but i have seen the tigers jump and knock the bear over and then biting them continuasly to inflict damage to their neck bones. In all the fights between these animals there is no instance in which the bear killed a tiger. In 4 of these fights the bear backed down or ran away and in the rest it died.

In one case i saw the biggest tiger i had ever seen killing the Kamachatka brown bear with just 2 blows. Now when you say the bear is over 3 times the size of the Siberian tiger you are wrong. The largest asiatic brown bear subspecies the kamachatka brown bear rarely exceeds 900lbs and the largest was only 991lbs (450kg) and on average they only weigh 230kg(506lbs) compared to the tigers average 227kg (500lbs). So now you know its not muscle by muscle.The biggest Siberian tiger i have seen was larger than the largest kamachatka Brown Bear i saw as the Tiger when tranqualized because he needed to be measured and cured of the wound he had suffered in a fight with another Tiger. I measured him to be 10 foot 8 inches and he weighed 302kg ( 664lbs) while the largest kamachatka brown bear i have ever seen measured 9 foot 3 inches and weighed rougly 265kg(583bs). I have heard about bengal tigers killing bears easily and they do in fact prey on bears if they can find one; therefore its the Tiger that usually kills the bear.

let me add one more thing: every where in the world, brown bear tips the scale at about 450-500kg. the reason why they reach 700 kg is because they overeat to accumulate energy for hibernation. that extra weight does not add any extra strength to the bears. So if you say a 680 kg brown bear in winter is formidable, it's only as formidable as another 450 kg bear in summer. Siberian tiger has no problem driving off brown bear from their kills. -S-

'''Wow!! I cant believe I`m reading this on Wikipedia. I know you`re lying, since I have been studying the interaction between tiger and bears for many years. I know you are lying because you have not seen 11 fights, and you have not seen tigers kill an adult brown bear with two blows with their paws. This is so pathetic. A tiger is NOT capable to kill large animals with their paws. In fights they use their paws very active, but have never killed a grown bear or another tiger with them. There are no evidence of tigers killing any grown brown bears heavier than apr 160- 170 kg. Most bears killed are actually cubs. Just about the rest of killed bears are small females killed in the den while hibernating.

There are lots of hoaxes and propaganda about tigers. I hope we dont need to read more about it on Wikipedia. -Norw.-'''

Actually, you are wrong. Richard Perry, in his World of the Tiger gives accounts on tigers killing cattle by smashing their heads with their paws. Stephen Mills in his Tiger gives an account of a bengal tiger which regularly killed sloth bears by sneaking behind them and breaking their backs with a single paw swipe.

Also, I suggest you go to googlebooks and read the chapter on tigers in Mammals of the Soviet Union. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UxWZ-OmTqVoC&pg=PA177&dq=mammals+of+the+soviet+union+tigers+bear&lr=&as_brr=3#PPA175,M1

"A tiger will even tackle a bear, sometimes one much larger than itself. Having tracked its victim, the predator selects a rock or windfelled tree from which it can ambush the quarry from the leeward side. It springs upon the approaching bear from an overhead position, catches it by the chin with the claws of one forepaw and the throat with the claws of the other and clamps its jaws on the spine."

The author mentions bears larger than tigers being "tackled" (how can you tackle a hibernating target?) and clearly, the bear in the hunting scenario is not hibernating. There is mentioned a bear carcass weighing 170 kg, killed by a tigress, but it had been partially eaten, therefore 170kg was not its living weight.Mariomassone (talk) 09:09, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

1. The bear was estimated to have weighed 170 kg BEFORE it was killed. Whats the point with an estimation of some dead meat leftovers??? Do you think if there was only a paw left, that they would estimate the weight of the paw? Thats hilarious! So you are wrong there. 2. There are no documentation (other than claims from you and others) about tigers killing large animals with their paws. They just dont got enough power to do that. I`ve seen a lot of fights between tigers, and they use their paws all the time, but it does not hurt them. You should check your sources instead of using everything you find that supports your subjective view on tigers. You are clearly biased!

"There are no documentation (other than claims from you and others) about tigers killing large animals with their paws."

Indeed, those claims come from Richard Perry's World of the Tiger and Stephen Mill's Tiger. Check them out yourself.Mariomassone (talk) 16:31, 25 June 2009 (UTC)

-- —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.243.191.21 (talk) 20:16, 13 June 2009 (UTC)

The lairweb homepage is definitively not reliable source to support your arguments. That homepage was fabricated with misinformations. When it comes to tiger vs bear, I have read a scientific paper claiming that tiger does predate on adult browm bear and none of these bears were killed during denning. However, the paper does not contain any details. Another thing I need to say is that siberian tiger never meets Kamchatka or Kodiak bear in wild. Anyway, I don't think that we should include the tiger vs bear question into our homepage here. -Kine-

It's much harder to kill bear in den site than in open air, especially for tiger's method of killing, so I agree with you on that. Kodiak bear, tiger never met, but don't forget that in winter, Russian brown bear has also been known to grow to as much as 720 kg in body weight, just as much as Kodiak bear. And for those who still believe that the bear's paw can do some magic, watch Grizzly man. there are alot more documentaries containing bear fighting scene, but this one is one of the most recent and easiest to find. After watching it, I am even more confident than before to say that with such pathetic fighting styles, the bear will never be a match for the tiger's strength, ferocity, speed and techniques. Its only trick is to rely on its size to scare the tiger. If it doesn't work, the bear must run for its life. But, speaking of size, a 230 - 250 kg tiger looks just as intimidating as a 400 - 450 kg brown bear, believe me or not.

Just a side note: In ancient times, China's kings had hobbies of big game hunting and pit fight, I have read a great deal on that. Brown bear was chosen as one of the pit fight and hunting candidate because of its sheer size. But the siberian, or Manchurin tigers, and the south China tigers too, have killed all the brown bears and other opponents in pit fights and have been observed to kill brown bears in the wild too, using a variety of techniques. One of the technique is so extraordinary that it has been studied extensively by martial art schools, most notably the Shaolin temple to improve their fighting techniques. Unfortunately, all of these documents are written in Asian languages, and as far as I know, none of them has been found in english. But anyway, todays we have found enough evidence on this matter to say for sure that tiger is the strongest of the Siberian forest. --S--

Anyone who thinks a tiger to be a match for an adult bear in a fight is totally neglectful of the size, power, and speed of the bear. Bears are much faster than given credit for. A 900 pound, typical adult brown bear is capable of beheading a moose with one paw swipe. The claws aren't as sharp as a cat's, but they are still very sharp, and can be as much as 5" long. The jaw power of a bear also greatly exceeds that of a tiger. Think of this too. Bears have layers of fat and muscle covering their vital organs. They are VERY difficult to kill compared to cats and other animals, even with powerful rifle cartridges. Tigers will prey on smaller bears or sick bears. They may occasionally take a bear by surprise, but on a head to head fight a bear will absolutely crush a tiger, quickly and horribly. I recently saw a show on PBS where scientists were tracking two male Siberian Tigers, and both were killed by bears. I say again, anyone putting a tiger above the brown bear is really lacking in understanding.

You really need to learn, those were probably very young and curious tigers.

Here are the statistics between tigers and brown bears.

Amur Tiger                      / Russian Brown Bear

Length: 9 - 11 ft               / 6 - 10 ft

Record Length: 14ft             / 11 1/2 ft

Weight: 160 - 306kg             / 110 - 350kg, 200 - 420kg in winter

Record Weight: 465kg            /500kg

Speed: 50 kmph                  /40kmph

Bite: 4000 - 6000 psi           /1200 - 3000 psi

Length of teeth: 10cm           /6cm

Lenght of claws: 15cm           /13cm

Hmm I would like to see the source on that. There is no way a tiger has more psi than a bear. That's like saying a wolf has more powerful jaws than a spotted Hyena. Not trying to start arguments, just want to see the source.
 * I think it everybody here agrees, that siberian tigers can killl brown bears, but bears are not one of their typical prey species, like deer or wild boars. I have no detailed reference, if they kill only young bears, or if only big tiger males can kill female bears or whatever.... Until no one has really good references, we should keep it like it is now. Siberian tigers occasionally kill brown bears. --Altaileopard 14:42, 18 June 2007 (UTC)

Bears also ocasionally kill and eat tigers... But not only small... That mr that posted here false data about brown bears and tigers should post his sources, because he doesn´t have any, I´m afraid. Anyone can claim that know or study bears or tigers for 40 or 50 years,that saw hypothethic pitfights between the 2, so it´s easy to lie. When I talk about these matters I usually ask or look for sources. In fact the russian scientists ( that live on the only place on which nowadays both species exist) only reported tiger killings on young, weak or small brown bears, but here on wikipedia, I only read biased opinions that favor tiger in all aspects... The biggest proved and known brown bear taken and killed by a tiger only weighed 170 kgs.Early in May, 1951 on the bank of Tatibe River(Iman tributary), a bear was found(body lengh 158 cm, weight 170kg) Geptner. On the other hand brown bears already killed full grown male siberian tigers and even in some cases were known to eat them ( Sysoev). There are also reported 2 big male siberian tigers killed by a male brown bear in 2000 on the russian-chinese border. See some expert links: http://en.allexperts.com/q/Interspecies-Conflict-3754/, here some answers are about big felines vs big bears, and the outcome usually is in favor of big bears. Those measures showed up, are an absolute and comic bullshit... For example bear claws can reach 20 cm, those 6 cm teeth are for smaller bears not a big full and healthy brown bear...Bears weight average in siberia for full grown males ( animals at over 15 years old)is between 300 and 360 kgs). Tiger one is around 230 kgs... The bite force are around the same Psi, regarding animals of the same size, but of course brown bears naturally get much bigger so they own the advantage... Brown bear bones density is much greater than tiger´s much lighter bones, so that´s why brown bears crushed so easily male lions in californian pitfights, usually using his paw as cub... A brown bear was seen killing a 1 ton bison with only one paw strike, also bulls and male lions...This tells about the strenght of their paw strikes. Also in muscle strenght brown bears surpass tigers very well... Bears fur is much more resistant than tiger one and also brown bear usually has many fat protections that avoid their vital organs to get tackled...Even if isn´t impossible is more unprobable... Brown bears males get stronger, bigger and usually kill siberian tigers males, females or cubs... Brown bears are 1, 1,5 % of tigers diet? It´s like if someone swallow a fly by mistake while eats... 1,5 % of my diet, may include a fly, who knows... So irrelevant and even polemic... At this stage, who cares if me or you swallow a fly sometime? Is that relevant? At this stage so tigers are also part of bears diet, because brown bears were seen sometimes doing that... However this is so rare... But here goes more data by whom is IN RUSSIAN FOREST STUDYING TIGERS AND BEARS: "Among brown bears killed by tigers we found only females and a cub, but there were no adult males." SOURCE: "Brown bear Sikhote-Alin: ecology, behavior, conservation and Rational Utilization" Seryodkin.I.V

OTHER:

Tiger, as an object of feeding bears. 12 known cases ( there are more cases, but these were reported during that time) of brown bears killing tigers (Sysoev, 1950; Sysoev, 1960; Abramov, 1962; Rakow, 1970; Gorokhov, 1973; Kostoglod, 1981) Source "Brown bear Sikhote-Alin: ecology, behavior, conservation and Rational Utilization" Seryodkin.I.V 2006

MORE:

Among 9 tigers killed by brown bear 5 was full-grown, the rest was tiger-cubs " V.E.Kostoglod " Relationship between tigers, brown bears, and Himalayan black bears in the Primorsky Krai // the rare forms of mammals and their protection. Materials of the 2nd All-Union Conference. 1977; Interesting is that Kostoglod classified 3 years old male tiger as a tiger-cubs.

There are even more data, I even have a detailed description in first hand of a bear killing a tigress to usurp her kill, and after he eat the kill he started to eat also the tigress. People usually overrate tigers power, that´s why they even say that their bones are miraculous so they kill tigers for their bones... Tigers are present in our culture has unbeatable creatures, but that´s only hoaxes and more hoaxes. A polar or a big brown bear usually beat a tiger in a combat... Let´s be fair with animals and in first hand I would like to say let´s admire tigers like they truly are and not as super heroes. I love all animals, I love felines too ( I already had many cats), but I try to be fair and I´m tired of biased stories. Ok, this is another contribution from me to wikipedia... Do as you wish. Regards

A grizzly bears claws can be up to 6inches in length and have enough power to rip huge pieces of tree bark with one swipe let alone crush any cats fragile bone structure which is built for agility for catching prey much weaker than themselves.On the other hand, a grizzly bear is a horrible hunter, only cathcing a caribu when the oppurtunity arises.For this reason alone, bear have grown enoumous strength and bone density ( that equal to 10x stronger than ours pound for pound, yet a cat's muscle is 5x stronger and its bone density is weaker than out lol). —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.127.166.133 (talk) 06:09, 9 September 2008 (UTC)

Name change
The Siberian tiger is no more. It is now officially known as the Amur Tiger since it doesn't live solely in Siberia, with only a small part of its current range being in siberia. The reason for it being called the Amur tiger is that it the River Amur runs through its territory. Shouldn't this page be moved to Amur Tiger and a redirect from Siberian Tiger and to mention this in the introduction. --chris_huh 21:56, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

The Siberians tiger's range has never been solely in Siberia, but that never stopped it from being called the Siberian tiger. Not all terms are strictly taxonomical in definition. There is a PC movement to call the tiger an Amur Tiger, but this is (thankfully) not universally accepted. -12.144.227.129 17:08, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

um, the jaguar has the strongest jaws out of the cat family. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.194.254.229 (talk) 18:35, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

Release from captivity
The article states that Siberian Tigers must be taught how to hunt when they are cubs. Actually, according to the National Geographic documentary "Tigers of the Snow" tigers bred in captivity and raised without a mother seem to have natural hunting instincts and they don't miss a beat when live prey is released into their area.

That still dosen't make them capable of surviving in the wild I'm afraid. Last I checked the number of re-introduced tigers are limited to a few test cases that only proved that it was prohibitively difficult to get them to hunt successfully in the wild. Certainly there are instincts at play, but that alone isn't enough to have them survive in the wild, which is why it's so critical to protect those that are in the wild.

-Amur_Tiger

Wisents, crocodiles and pandas
In the section diet, says that wisents, crocodiles and pandas are part of the siberian tiger's diet. But as i say, wisents, pandas and crocodiles didn't exists in Siberia in nowdays. Tigers and wisents only coexisted in Caucasus and Northwest Iran in historical times, and pandas are exclusives of China. Crocodiles, as i say, don't inhabitts the cold seas and rivers of Eastern Siberia.

== Crocodiles and Tigers only co exist in 1 place and that is the Northern Chinese-Korean Peninsula and i personally have only seen 1 such fight between a tiger and crocodile where this huge tiger well over 600lbs killed a young crocodile and dragged it over 30m before eating it. The indian tiger ocassionally kills crocodiles but Siberian tigers and crocodiles rarely ever come into contact and crocodiles are not a Siberian Tiger's normal diet.

THere aren´t crocodiles in north china nor in Korea, so don´t lie,ok?? That´s childish. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.174.37.236 (talk) 03:24, 24 September 2008 (UTC)

DMZ
I read that while Tigers are rare in North and South Korea, there have been a number of citings in the DMZ, which is effectively the best protected National Park in the world. Just for people's interest. Sad mouse 22:31, 12 October 2006 (UTC)

You're right,according to wikipedia. Then again, according to the second sentence of this article, you're wrong. 24.144.116.147 (talk) 17:16, 27 July 2009 (UTC)

Article title (Amur vs. Siberian)
This article seems to have been moved from Siberian Tiger to Amur Tiger recently, and with very little discussion. Is there some kind of evidence that "Amur Tiger" is the common name?—Nat Krause(Talk!) 06:51, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The official name was changed a few years ago from Siberian to Amur. Siberian Tiger still redirects here but now the article name is more official C  hris_huh talk 13:32, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Changed by whom? I would have thought Panthera tigris altaica was the official name.—Nat Krause(Talk!) 18:35, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The IUCN and other organisations have started listing it as Amur Tiger, since Siberian Tiger was too misleading. Panthera tigris altaica is the official scientific name. Amur Tiger probably shouldnt be called the official name, sorry. But it is accepted by these major organisations as the main English name for it. The reason why is that it is found in the region of the Amur River, and not so much in Siberia. C  hris_huh talk 19:40, 9 December 2006 (UTC)
 * "The IUCN and other organizations..." What other organizations? You haven't provided a citation that the IUCN does so as official policy. Can you provide such a citation, and also one for each other such organization? Also, I'll point out that a Google search of the IUCN website reveals more hits for "Siberian tiger" than "Amur tiger." And "Siberian" is the overwhelmingly dominant common name used, and Wikipedia convention says to use common names. —Lowellian (reply) 20:09, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Misleading by whom? The name siberian tiger has been known for ages it has become the de facto name for this subspecies. It doesn't matter what it's called by a few people, for most, the siberian tiger is always the siberian tiger. We have grown to love that name throughout the years; it's now a fact of life. So the name siberian tiger on the article is perfectly accurate.

 * Siberia is a part of Russia, and northern Asia, right? The tiger was barely even found there, ever. But the region around the Amur River has always had these tigers. People will get to Amur Tiger from Siberian Tiger via a redirect but they will also realise that it is actually called the Amur tiger and not siberian. Surely wikipedia should have the most uptodate information, and not just call something what people called it many years ago for the sake of it. The subspecies is the Amur Tiger, not the Siberian, people are being taught that now as well. C  hris_huh talk 11:58, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Without a longer discussion, this really needs to move back to Siberian Tiger. Wikipedia does not use official names, but the name something is most commonly known as (i.e. South Korea not Republic of Korea).  Without significant argument here, I'll move it to the proper title in a few days.   WilyD 14:46, 6 February 2007 (UTC)
 * It has been changed because that is it's name. When someone goes to Siberian Tiger they will be redirected to this (Amur Tiger) which will help to tell people that the subspecies is now being referred to as Amur. It doesn't make any sense changing it back to Siberian tiger since it is correct now. C  hris_huh talk 14:59, 6 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, that doesn't jive with the Wikipedia naming convention or normal english usage as a descriptive language. Adopting a name to change usage also contravenes WP:NPOV and is thus totally forbidden. WilyD 20:17, 6 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed. It should be Siberian Tiger, not Amur Tiger, per Wikipedia conventions. —Lowellian (reply) 19:58, 3 April 2007 (UTC)

Lowellian you are right. When you go on the ICUN website there are more citations when you type in Siberian tiger than when you type in Amur tiiger. :) yay!

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.197.242.126 (talk • contribs) 22:16, 7 June 2007
 * I read the Common Names section. I have grown up calling them Siberian tigers. However, I recently read a NYT article which referred to Amur tigers. 30 seconds of research and, lo and behold, I learn Amur tiger is the preferred name now (well, except by some people on Wikipedia, it seems). Here is the link to the article I mentioned: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/24/science/earth/24tiger.html. If it is unavailable, here is the info: Schwirtz, Michael. "Data Show a Decline of Tigers in Russia." _New York Times_. 23 November 2009. Even if we still decide to keep the name as Siberian -- what is Wikipedia's policy on flip-flopping in the rest of the article? There is a caption in the article that currently refers to an "Amur" tiger.Mabsal (talk) 11:29, 13 December 2009 (UTC)

Saving tigers
I love tigers!!

More needs to be done to save these tigers. Within the next 5 to 10 years, Siberian tigers will be extinct if they don't recieve more help. They are still being hunted and their habitat is shrinking. If nobody if going to try and help these tigers as best as possible, with the exception of zoos, all the wild tigers will be gone. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 66.191.129.201 (talk) 14:38, 6 February 2007 (UTC).

Physical Characteristics
Why was this description changed "The male Amur Tiger can weigh as much as 318 kilograms (700 lb), although in past years, scientists believed that these cats could weigh up to 350 kilograms (800 lb), a supposition based largely on the estimates of hunters. On average, a tigress weighs about 160 kilograms (350 lb), and a male weighs about 225 kilograms (500 lb). At these sizes, the Amur Tiger is the largest natural creature of the cat family, though not as large as the liger, a panthera hybrid generally only found in captivity. The largest captive Amur tiger was 3.7 metres (12 ft) long and weighed over 423 kilograms (932 lb), compared to the largest captive African lion that weighed 366 kilograms (806 lb). Apart from its size, the Amur Tiger is differentiated from other tiger subspecies by its paler fur and dark brown (rather than black) stripes." to the new one this old description was perfectly fine and quite interesting. TeePee-20.7 08:33, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Because there are no proof of any tiger weighing more than 318 kg in the wild. Its also because this site is suppose to tell readers the truth and not myths and hoaxes created by tiger- fans. There is to much false data about this already. In fact, we should remove statesments like "tiger can kill domestic cattle with one paw strike". They hardly kill any animals with their paws. I have seen hundreds of fights between tigers and they use their paws all the time, but with hardly any damage. The same with fights against lions. And killing brown bears? Thats more rear than people here seem to think. Almost all bears killed by tigers are cubs. Or young females. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.243.191.21 (talk) 20:23, 13 June 2009 (UTC)

The page needs protection
Due to recent vandalisms, extern links, categories and interwikis have disappeared. This page needs a semi-protection.

I agree entirely.83.187.226.129 08:24, 16 August 2007 (UTC)

Further source on current numbers
The source I've provided reports it from the WWE and hence it only said so much, I let the line before my edit stay as well just to give the impression of a progressive watch on this species on the part of Wikipedia :p

Bioskope 11:50, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

Size
We can dicuss a lot about maximum and average size of siberian tigers, but I am sick of dilettantes. which do edits like this one. Dubious internet sources like this site are not comparable to scientific books like Alan Turner: Big Cats and their fossil relatives, which was deleted in this edit. --Altaileopard 11:18, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

We should use sources directly from the "Wildlife Conservation Society - Russia"

"Siberian tigers are often considered the largest of the tiger sub-species, although they are in fact about the same size as the Bengal tiger. An adult male usually reaches a body length of 2 meters, with his tail adding another meter. Average weight for males is 160-190 kg, while females are smaller, weighing in at 110-130 kg. The largest male captured for scientific research under the Siberian Tiger Project weighed in at 206 kg. Males, females and cubs can be distinguished by their tracks: a male’s paw pad measures 10.5 – 14.5 cm across, a female’s – 8.5 – 9.5. cm, and a cub’s – from 5.5. to 10 cm. (Male cubs, after one year, usually have paw measurements already larger than their mothers’.)" —Preceding unsigned comment added by Norw73 (talk • contribs) 21:45, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Myths about Amur Tigers in Wikipedia
The Wikipedia article repeats old myths and exegerated claims about Amur Tigers and their weights that many modern scientists dispute.

I am going to post modern sources by leading scientists with photo scan.

First

 * Living on the Edge: Tigers and the Northern Limit of Their Range

1. First source is from Dale Miquelle's article "Living on the Edge: Tigers and the Northern Limit of Their Range" which can be found in the book Ultimate Guide: Tigers. And according to him the weights of OVER 50 (which is a very large number for tigers) Amur was similar to what has been found with Bengal Tigers. Click on the link above to verify

Second

 * How big are Siberian Tigers?

According to Dale Miquelle, the average weights of the male Amur tigers in the project's study was less than 500 pounds and close to 400 pounds. These weights are a bit smaller than what has been found with the larger Bengal tigers, and very similar in size to African lions. Click on the link above to verify.

Third

 * Tigers in the Snow

This is from the book Tigers in the Snow, and according to Igor Nikolaev, which Dale Miquelle (who is also one of the world's leading experts) claimed "knows more about Amur Tigers than anyone alive" states, that he knows of no wild Amur tiger that has exceeded 650 pounds. The book which is backed by the world's leading experts on the Amur tiger claims that the Amur tiger is probably the lighter cat when compared to Nepal tigers. This is significant because the people saying this are some of the world's leading experts on Amur tigers.

Another leading tiger scientist, K. Ullas Karnath has written this in book "The Way of the Tiger" that tigers Siberia are about the same size of tigers from Nepal and Nagarahole.

Fourth

Amur Tiger, by David Prynn

This is from the book Amur Tiger, by David Prynn, and accoroding to it, the largest male Amur Tiger varifiable by the Siberian Tiger project since 1992 (in which as we already know over 50 animals were weighed ) was only 215kg, which is about average for a male Nepal or North Indian Tiger as the book also states. If the Siberian tiger did average 225kg or more as some claim, the largest in this study should not have been just 215kg. This data suggests, that Amur tigers do not grow as large as Bengal tigers. In 12 years, and over 50 animals, the largest tiger they could find was only 215kg. So its rather obviously that the average Amur tiger today is not 225kg.

Fifth

Last of the one horn Rhinoceros

This is from the book Last of the one horn Rhinoceros, and on this book it states weights of the two largest tigers captured Nepal which were both estimated to weight 600 pounds. It also states, that the largest tigers from Russia were not as big as these two giants from Nepal, and that tigers from Chitiwan are bigger than the ones from Siberia. So the largest Siberian captured in recent years was likely less than 600 pounds.

Sixth

list tiger mortality in Russia from 1970-1994

This is a list tiger mortality in Russia from 1970-1994, and while some were not in the best of shape, some were and quoted as fat (on fat index). Nevertheless, the largest male was only 194kg, which is well below what some people tend to think.

Compiling all of the averages, from modern sources, it seems that Siberian Tigers are smaller than Nepal and Nagarahole tigers. In fact the weights from these scientists is "very similar" African lions. Modern cats are not the giants they are made up to be and average is in the 400s range. I am not disputing the fact that Siberian tigers can weigh 600 pounds, but the average for modern cats is not 225kg.

Some of tigers

 * Largest individual tiger in Siberian Tiger in the Siberian Tiger project's study as of 2004 was 215kg

 * Also in this book is a tiger which weighed 200kg 440lb

 * the 10-year old well fed male mentioned in this book was 175kg 385lb.

 * another healthy adult male 204kg 450lb

 * Another male mentioned on the book Tigers the Ultimate Guide which weighed 205kg. Dale described him as a powerful specimen.

 * There is the tiger named Dale (named after the scientist) and he was a male in good shape, yet he only weighed 182kg. I'll see if I can find more on him.

Considering al these modern data, you get an average of about 195kg which is slightly smaller than Bengal tigers, though still a bit larger than your typical lion. Nevertheless, its far below 225kg (495 lb) or 660 lb average claimed by Wikipedia

I put all this info and sources here so if anyone wants, they can verify and fix instead of regurgitating old exegerated myths.

At least the alternative views that I posted should be mentioned in the article, but it's not. The article only reflects old claims found widely in popular literature. The article says nothing about modern views or the dispute by some modern researchers. Cherck all the sources listed above 24.166.188.29 06:44, 27 August 2007 (UTC) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

You called this topic "Myths about Amur Tigers in Wikipedia", but all your sources say, that the siberian is generally said to be the largest subspecies. Even highly scientific books like Mazak´s´"the tiger" come to the conclusion, that the siberian subspecies is larger. May be this is debatable and there are hinds, that they are just as large as bengal tigers, but we should reflect this in wikipedia exactly in that way. And actually: Do we talk about fattest or largest subspecies? A saturated, bulky "cattle killer" with full stomage may weigh much more, than a very large, but fit "game killer". You should probably concentrate more on body lenght or shoulder height....--Altaileopard 15:03, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Not only that you're failing to take into consideration the context of these findings and thus why these tiger experts aren't calling the Bengal the largest tigers out there. Siberian tigers for the most part face short life spans and extremely low prey densities of which both reduce the weights that they can attain neither of which are entirely natural conditions for them as human hunting and poaching activities do affect Siberians. Comparatively the Bengals are a much more disparate group where some reserves are decimated by poaching and hunting activities and face the all out loss of their tigers and others remain quite healthy depending on the nation and local conditions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.86.112.161 (talk) 21:32, 15 January 2008 (UTC)

Mazak's 306 kg tiger
Mazak's used a circus Tiger from the Bouglione Menagerie - this would explain why his weights are not accepted by Nikolaev - who would be fully aware of Mazak's studies conducted years earlier. At present the 306 kg Tiger max provided by Mazak is highly questionable and rejected by Nikolaev (2000). 24.166.188.29 18:15, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

removed from article (original research)
''A study of the carcasses of wild tigers from the Russian Far East, which had died of various causes, showed the heaviest to be a well fed male, about 4 years old, that weighed 193 kg. Location, physical status, size and circumstances of deaths of Amur tiger males in the Russian Far East, 1970-1994. But within this study, it is striking that almost all of of these tigers where killed after attacking domestic animals (a behaviour seldom seen in siberian tigers) and where evidently ill (Parotitis, injured paws, old bullet wounds). So most of them probably starved and where malnourished. Only two of them with given age where not obviously impaired and did not attack domestic livestock. They weighed 175kg and 170kg respectively. The third, which was probably not affected was 193 kg (pathology of paw bone) and was killed by another tiger. Hence the data of these study can not claim to be universal for weight of healthy, adult siberian tigers.'' Altaileopard

 * But the article lists Mazak's circus tiger (306 kg) as upper limit. That's not a normal wild tiger either. Mazak is used by many other sources to calculate 230 kg as average and even Wikipedia uses that average. If average is 230 kg, don't you think it's weird that the largest wild tiger that Siberian Tiger Project found (after weighing 50+ wild tigers) was 215 kg? 24.166.188.29 08:16, 13 September 2007 (UTC)
 * It doesn´t matter, what I think. There is only one thing that counts in wikipedia: sources! original research is inadmissible not baseless.--Altaileopard 15:52, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Releasing Tigers in the Wild
The article says

"The Hengdaohezi Feline Breeding Centre in the northern Heilongjiang province of China plans to release 620 Siberian tigers in 2007, after its numbers grew from eight to 750."

Even though the source is cited (BBC), I contacted Endi ZHANG, member, Scientific Committee of Endangered Species of China since 1999. And his reply was this: "Hi, I have called a couple of people, and no body thinks this is true. Where in wild to put these tigers? I guess this might due to the mis-translation from "hope to release" to "plan to release'."

This claim that China is planning to release 600 tigers is certainly dubious. 24.166.188.29 07:42, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Void reference
I erased the following sentence and void reference to undefined refname "TIS", mostly because it was causing a glaring red warning in the References list, but also because it made no sense in context:

At least one authority suspects that this is the difference between real weights and hunter's estimates. Best, Eliezg (talk) 08:02, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Instead of removing the reference, it would be better to check the page history to find what that reference originally referred to and then restore the reference. —Lowellian (reply) 13:23, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

Amur tigers vs brown bears again
I add the following data (according to the given source):

"Scientists report about 12 incidents when tigers (mostly adults) were killed and eaten by brown bears. There is an opinion that the brown bear vs tiger conflict can eliminate the weakest animals from both populations."

The last opinion belongs to Russian scientist Kostoglod (the corresponding reference is not available online). Somebody trying to make a "correction": mostly old and traumatized tigers. Although old and traumatized tigers (as well as brown bears) have better chances to be killed, it's never mentioned that most of tigers were traumatized (and certainly old). This pseudo correction does not fit to the original source I have cited, so I will delete such an input whenever I find it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.64.77.152 (talk) 11:12, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * The extended version is the next one:

 * Seryodkin, I. V., J. M. Goodrich, A. V. Kostyrya, B. O. Schleyer, E. N. Smirnov, L. L.
 * Kerley, and D. G. Miquelle. 2005. Relationship between tigers, brown bears,
 * and Himalayan black bears. Pages 156-163 in Miquelle, D. G., E. N. Smirnov,
 * and J. M. Goodrich, editors, Tigers of Sikhote-Alin Zapovednik: ecology and
 * conservation. PSP, Vladivostok, Russia. 224 pp. (in Russian) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.64.77.152 (talk) 11:16, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Please, if you have a reference in English for this, please add it. Unfortunately the statement "There is an opinion..." doesn't tell the reader whose opinion it is, whether it is a valid or notable opinion, or where it can be verified.  A cite in Russian may confirm what is said, but this isn't much good on a English language encyclopaedia.  So it shouldn't be there until it can be cited properly.  Thanks.  -- Escape Orbit  (Talk) 16:03, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * The brown bear vs tiger conflict takes place in Russia, that's why the most reliable sources are in Russian. Either we have to exclude the entire story of relations or use this reliable source in Russian (PhD thesis of a WCS expert based upon known scientific studies) which adds the missed info. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.218.12.80 (talk) 17:48, 4 April 2008 (UTC)
 * A PhD Thesis is not a proper reference in my opinion.--Altaileopard (talk) 18:33, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * This thesis refers to the paper mentioned above (the dissertant was one of the authors, other coauthors are Miquelle, Goodrich - the leading well-known experts). Indeed, it's a reliable resource which shows the other way around happened as well. I am certain it has to be mentioned.  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.218.12.80 (talk) 18:44, 4 April 2008 (UTC)

 * It has taken me a while to get a translated version of this source material. Suffice it to say, the way the data was presented here was not the way it reads. First off, the translation indicates that the interactions were not typically part of brown bear hunting behavior. Secondly, the wording omits the fact that the source states the tiger has come out ahead in over half of the observed interactions. Third, it doesn't really relate to tiger "diet" anyway. Fourth, to be honest, this source in Russian isn't sufficient anyway as it's not accessible to the vast majority of users here. There is data such as the Mathieson book or the Mazak book which are more accessible and have been properly cited. 149.79.35.227 (talk) 15:37, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

 * If you don't like this info, it's not a sufficient reason to exclude it. The data I put is a translation from the Russian source which is more reliable than Mathieson book. Bear’s intentional predation upon tigers is very rare, but it was also reported (anyway I didn’t mention it here). It seems you never read scientific papers. References aren’t required to be necessarily in English. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.218.12.114 (talk) 18:12, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes, I got the material translated. References are actually expected to be in English though, and as I said before, this reference wasn't saying what you purported to claim before. We don't need an interspecies relations section as it merely creates a sandbox for users who obsess over the "animal fights." The reference is not more reliable than the Mathieson book, and anyway, this article is about tiger/bear interaction from the tiger perspective, about which there is already enough information without your added source. While it isn't appropriate because of the language issue, it otherwise makes more sense on the brown bear page, which is why I haven't removed it from there yet. 149.79.35.227 (talk) 20:57, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I have created a new subsection “Interspecies relations”. Now it’s a proper place to talk about tigers vs brown bears and tigers vs wolves. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Happy Naturalist (talk • contribs) 19:36, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

 * "... this article is about tiger/bear interaction from the tiger perspective, about which there is already enough information without your added source. "

 * Does it make any sense: "from the tiger perspective"? What did you want to say? Are you a tiger?

 * The tiger vs brown interspecies relations consists of the list of reported encounters which includes some number of bears killed by tigers and the other way around as well. I don't see any reason to exclude the second part of this list from the Siberian tiger article.

 * You're not a native Russian speaker (you said "It has taken me a while to get a translated version"), however, you try to doubt my translation. What is written now is exactly the part of text. I will put it back anyway.

 * I would assume these are reliable sources about this subject: Dale G. Miquelle, Howard G. Quigley, Maurice G. Hornocker, Evgeny N. Smirnov, Igor G. Nikolaev and Evgeny N. Matyushkin.

In their report for the "Siberian Tiger Project" they write (page 144)as follow: "Of 6 cases reported in Sikhote- Alin Zapovednik, 3 were Himalayan and 3 were brown bears. Adult brown bears in this region can weigh over 300 kg (unpubl. data), will often appropriate kills from tigers, and have been reported to kill young tigers (Heptner and Sludski 1972, Kucherenko 1985). Such animals are immune from attack by tigers in summer, but tigers will kill brown bears in their dens in winter (Bromley 1965, Kaplanov 1948) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Norw73 (talk • contribs) 22:04, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Taxon cat ?
Quoting the article: "It is considered to be the largest of the six tiger subspecies and the largest taxon cat in the world."

I think this is meant to say "cat taxon" but I'm not certain so I'm not changing it. Wanderer57 (talk) 01:17, 19 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Same thing.---71.190.94.29 (talk) 19:59, 20 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Fixed that. "taxon cat" is vague: it could mean the family [Feliade]], the subfamily Felinae (Feline), the genus Felis, or the specie Felis catus (domestic cat). Tigers only belong to Feliade, not the others. I replaced it with family Feliade.AtikuX (talk) 13:21, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

3RR
Hi all. I've noticed that there appears to be some revert warring going on today. Please settle things on the talk page, rather than violating WP:3RR. Thank you. -- B figura (talk) 20:24, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I am sorry to violate this rule. I will refrain from such an action in future.

 * The problem is that a group of biased users is trying to extract some info from the Siberian tiger section, although they are unable to dispute it. The version of article, which they intend to leave, besides missed data, contains also certain obvious errors. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Happy Naturalist (talk • contribs) 18:33, 7 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Were is the "Revert Warring"????, and "please settle things on the talk page", who do you think you are? Go annoy some other talk page, Thanks

 * CheersCheetahKeeper (talk) 11:53, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

In a tiger attack on a human, the human's personal story is not relevant
Consider the following passage:

In an incident at the San Francisco Zoo on 25 December 2007, a Siberian tiger named Tatiana escaped and killed one visitor, injuring two others. The animal was shot dead by the police. Investigators believe the three visitors, whose blood tests showed they had consumed illegal drugs and sufficient alcohol to be above the legal driving limit, had climbed onto the rail by the animal's enclosure and provoked it with taunts and projectiles.[24] Whether the tiger was provoked with projectiles is very much in dispute. Recent reports say police did not find any evidence that the tiger had been provoked by the use of projectiles.[25]

This little passage causes some problems here.

First, it's included in a section about attacks on humans by Siberian tigers in the wild. So it's misleading because it will lead readers to assume that this incident tells us something about the man-eating tendencies of Siberian tigers.

Second, there is the question of relevance. That a Siberian tiger apparently climbed up a wall (which was 12.5 feet high, according to other references) and attacked a human being is probably relevant. But what is the relevance, to an encyclopedic entry on the Siberian tiger, of drug or alcohol allegations directed towards human beings, or exactly how they they taunted the tiger? In what way does this provide the reader with any information about Siberian tigers? I am sure each human attacked by any animal (tiger, lion, elephant, snake, etc.) has his own unique story, and that story will rarely give us any insight into the animal itself. The only useful point I see in this incident is that a captive Siberion tiger, when provoked, could scale up a 12.5-foot wall and attack human beings. This tells us only how far up the animal can climb, and that's about it.

So I propose that we replace this passage with something like this:

"In one incident a captive (not wild) Siberian tiger, when provoked by humans, scaled a 12.5-foot wall and attacked the provokers." Rahul (talk) 21:52, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Interesting points. I don't see the problem in its placement, as the section is labeled Attacks on humans, which seems pretty general. However, I agree that the drug and alcohol allegations are pretty useless in this article. Any specifics about the case can easily be found in the Wikipedia article about the case, or the references provided. I made the description more concise. Take a look, hopefully the rewording is a bit better... WDavis1911 (talk) 09:00, 16 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Looks much nicer. The height of the wall deserves mention, as many people (including those planning to provoke a tiger...:-) will want to know how high it could climb up. The tiger's name ("Tatiana") seems to me to have no encyclopedic value. Rahul (talk) 22:13, 31 July 2008 (UTC)

Move
When, exactly, did tiger become a proper noun? I suggest a move to Siberian tiger (which is now one of the stupidest & most needless redirects I've seen). TREKphiler  hit me ♠  10:11, 16 September 2008 (UTC)

Size
Excuse me, but someone claimed that the Siberian Tiger was bigger than the Bengal Tiger, but the Bengal Tiger weighs more, is longer, and is taller, although its coat is not as thick. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Kmart5 (talk • contribs) 20:44, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

Tiger vs bear again
Here are scans of the source. Resolve your little disputes here;

http://img24.imageshack.us/img24/4475/tigervbear.jpg http://img12.imageshack.us/img12/636/tigervbear2.jpg http://img12.imageshack.us/img12/6867/tigervbear3.jpg Mariomassone (talk) 12:26, 4 April 2009 (UTC)

Another incident which happens with a male adult tiger (the size is not given): http://tigers.ru/articles/tab_eng.html#tab1

Table 1. Location, physical status, size and circumstances of deaths of Amur tiger males in the Russian Far East, 1970-1994. 1972 r.Komissarovka 	Pogranichny 	killed by bear —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.64.77.52 (talk) 11:06, 9 April 2009 (UTC)

Age/Sex of tigers killed by bears
From; http://img12.imageshack.us/img12/6867/tigervbear3.jpg

 * Adult tigress
 * Tiger (age, sex unknown)
 * "Young tiger"

From; http://tigers.ru/articles/tab_eng.html#tab1
 * Male tiger of unkown age or health

I think this warrants no specification of sex/age.Mariomassone (talk) 19:26, 12 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I would disagree. The first link does not even state that the middle tiger was killed by the bear, only that it was "knocked down" and was not victorious in their "battle." More importantly, there's no indication of age or sex at all, so that reference provides no examples of adult males. The second one is closer, but again doesn't provide much in the way of specifics. The classifications on that page are fairly wide so it's unclear whether that's an adult or subadult male, just that it is not a "cub". In any case, I would submit that more than one example would be needed to make a plural statement about "tigers," even assuming that that example is a valid one, which is somewhat dubiious for the reasons stated. 149.79.35.227 (talk) 18:37, 13 April 2009 (UTC)

 * In the russian version it's apparently written "взрослых тигров-самцов" ("male adult tigers"), no way subadults. http://tigers.ru/articles/table1.html —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.217.155.245 (talk) 13:12, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

White Amur Tiger
There is a separate article on the White Amur Tiger that is an orphan and a stub. I think the page should be merged with this one. If anybody agrees, I'd like to learn about the necessary wiki-actions that need to take place in order to merge articles. Kpstewart (talk) 03:43, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Certainly not. I checked it out, and see that its only reference is a dead link. It should be deleted.Mariomassone (talk) 07:43, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Is it mentioned that the white Siberian tigers at the zoo are mated with Bengals, then marketed as Siberian Tigers? I didn't see any mention of the white Siberian mixed tigers. 65.51.87.2 (talk) 21:36, 9 September 2009 (UTC)

 * UPDATE, Article was merged ZooPro (talk) 13:10, 20 October 2009 (UTC)

Skull sizes and references
I made a little change in the paragraph of the skull sizes, because there were no references about the greatest length of the Amur tiger skull. Plus, I correct some references that were incorrect and ad some links to the original works. Cheers.--AmbaDarla (talk) 05:57, 19 April 2009 (UTC)

Correct subspecies name Siberian tiger vs. Caspian tiger
This is my first contribution to the world of Wikipedia so please bear with me, and in light of much of what I have read on the Wiki-Tiger discussion page alone: Please be polite to me, assume my good faith, avoid attacking me personally, and be welcoming.

I am concerned with this general article on tigers and with the articles on the Siberian/Amur tiger (P. t. altaica) and Caspian Tiger (P. t. virgata). Quoting a source that I found cited on the Wiki-Tiger page (http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0004125), recent research involving mitochondrial molecular genetics seems to be uncovering possible historic errors made in taxonomic subspecies definitions:

 * quote - In the era before molecular taxonomy tiger subspecies definitions were based on classical criteria: geographical origin, gross size and pelage variation (hair length, color, stripe number and patterning) (Figure 1). Subspecies so described were often spurious as they were sometimes based on a single, possibly aberrant, individual, or from the unknowing sampling of clinal variation. Such methods led to a lack of consensus, repeated taxonomic revision, and debate. Though debate continues, eight tiger subspecies (three of which are extinct) are widely recognized based on these criteria. However the phylogeny of the five extant recognized tiger taxa (P. t. tigris, P. t. altaica, P. t. amoyensis, P. t. sumatrae, P. t. corbetti) was revisited recently using mitochondrial molecular genetics by Luo et al. who affirmed the validity of subspecies ranking for these groups. Additionally, these authors identified an equivalent sub-specific taxon unique to the Malay peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra, formerly classified within P. t. corbetti but now designated as the Malay tiger, P. t. jacksoni.

The article goes on to describe how these new research results seem to indicate that that the Siberian subspecies is genetically so close to the Caspian subspecies as for them to be considered one and the same:

 * quote - The Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) flourished in Central Asian riverine forest systems in a range disjunct from that of other tigers, but was driven to extinction in 1970 prior to a modern molecular evaluation. For over a century naturalists puzzled over the taxonomic validity, placement, and biogeographic origin of this enigmatic animal. Using ancient-DNA (aDNA) methodology, we generated composite mtDNA haplotypes from twenty wild Caspian tigers from throughout their historic range sampled from museum collections. We found that Caspian tigers carry a major mtDNA haplotype differing by only a single nucleotide from the monomorphic haplotype found across all contemporary Amur tigers (P. t. altaica). Phylogeographic analysis with extant tiger subspecies suggests that less than 10,000 years ago the Caspian/Amur tiger ancestor colonized Central Asia via the Gansu Corridor (Silk Road) from eastern China then subsequently traversed Siberia eastward to establish the Amur tiger in the Russian Far East. The conservation implications of these findings are far reaching, as the observed genetic depletion characteristic of modern Amur tigers likely reflects these founder migrations and therefore predates human influence. Also, due to their evolutionary propinquity, living Amur tigers offer an appropriate genetic source should reintroductions to the former range of the Caspian tiger be implemented.

The article concludes that in light of this new information there was a historical mistake in designating a new subspecies for the extant population found in far eastern Russia; in fact there never was a Siberian tiger subspecies.

 * quote - Interruption of potential historical gene flow across the ancestral Eurasian distribution of P. t. altaica+P. t. virgata may have been too recent (<200 years) to accumulate sub-species level genetic differentiation and a single mtDNA transition may not sufficiently establish the differentiation required to assign each population to separate taxonomic categories. Depending on further study of nuclear genes and morphology, and in view of previous equivocal or conflicting morphological assessments, Caspian and Amur tigers (P. t. virgata, Illiger,1815 and P. t. altaica, Temminck, 1844, respectively) might be considered as synonymous under the prior P. t. virgata trinomial as prescribed by the rules of the ICZN, in which case pronouncing the Caspian tiger extinct may have been premature.

I would be most certainly in favor of keeping the Siberian Tiger subspecies page as many people will be looking to find a "Siberian tiger" page for years to come, but facts are facts; the Caspian tiger is still alive in far eastern Russia and the Siberian tiger subspecies never existed. I rely on Wikipedia daily for information, and I expect it to be accurate. But I have to say that certainly somebody with more Wiki experience than me has to undertake this project, and based on what I have read on the Wiki-Tiger discussion page it needs to be someone with Wiki-clout.

In postscript: I apologize for the excessive long entry, and my probable inability to format my entry properly (Altalaya (talk) 21:48, 27 April 2009 (UTC)).

Comment on the Wiki talk page - "Tiger" —Preceding unsigned comment added by Altalaya (talk • contribs) 02:42, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

 * I think that this theme is very controversial, and even the merge of the articles was too early for me. We most be very careful in this studies and be prepare for the scientific consensus. I will prefer to maintain the name “Siberian tiger” for the moment, but until the scientific community don’t make a general acceptation, like the one of the Malayan tiger, it will be better to not make more changes in the article. --AmbaDarla (talk) 21:18, 28 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Comments are welcome on impending changes to the Caspian, Siberian, and Tiger pages. Please direct comments to the Tiger discussion page (Altalaya (talk) 01:27, 30 April 2009 (UTC)).

 * I honestly do not see what the problem is. Is it just the fact that the article is entitled "Siberian tiger"? The fact remains that this subspecies is now completely confined to the Amur region of Siberia, therefore, its name is valid, despite its historically once wider distribution.Mariomassone (talk) 08:31, 30 April 2009 (UTC)

WCS Tiger monograph is available online
Now the most recent and complete book about Siberian tigers is available online (in Russian). Of course, not everybody is able to read it without translator. Nevertheless it's 100 times better than "Tigers in the snow", written by a journalist, which contains only indirect references to the opinion of WCS researchers. This monograph is a collection of papers of Miquelle, Goodrich, Smirnov, Nikolaev, Seredkin and other collaborators of the project "Siberian tiger".

http://www.wcsrussia.org/Publications/TigerMonograph/tabid/2082/language/en-US/default.aspx —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.64.77.206 (talk) 08:14, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

 * In particular, in the Introduction to the book you can find an opinion of Dr. Miquelle about the tiger vs brown bear interspecies conflict.

 * 1. Go to the home page of the book http://www.wcsrussia.org/Publications/TigerMonograph/tabid/2082/language/en-US/default.aspx
 * 2. Open the Introduction http://www.wcsrussia.org/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?EntryId=3275&PortalId=32&DownloadMethod=attachment
 * 3. Find the words
 * Прямые столкновения между бурыми медведем и тиграми заканчиваются по-разному, и результат такого столкновения
 * зависит от многих факторов. Тем не менее, ясно, что бурые медведи извлекают большую
 * пользу из присутствия тигров, так как убитые тиграми животные – это источник белковой пищи
 * для медведей. Следовательно, не удивительно, что медведи широко пользуются этим
 * источником, даже если это и требует прямого столкновения с тиграми. Тигры, кажется,
 * неспособны помешать взрослым самцам бурых медведей отобрать у них еду. Однако некоторые
 * тигры научились охотиться на медведей, и поэтому не все бурые медведи побеждают в
 * столкновениях с тиграми. Хотя отношения между медведями и тиграми едва ли можно назвать
 * дружескими, оба хищника научились выживать при наличии опасного конкурента.
 * 4. Put it to any online translator —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.64.77.206 (talk) 10:37, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Wikipedia an internet hoax??
I think its a shame that tiger- fans have couped this site. Tiger do not hunt brown bears on a regular basis as written here.

It`s very rare they take down a grown bear. In fact, the largest bear killed by a tiger was 170 kg. This bear was taken while hibernating. Most of the intake of brown bears is cubs. But someone deny me to even write that. Bears are usually NOT afraid of tigers. Someone deny we to write that to. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Norw73 (talk • contribs) 09:22, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Tiger do not hunt brown bears on a regular basis as written here.

 * Where is it written that bears are hunted on a regular basis? Did you miss these?:

 * "Asian Black Bears and Brown Bears constitute 5-8% of the Siberian tiger's diet.[6] In particular, the brown bear's input is estimated to be 1-1.5%."

- - -> Grown brown bears are not hunted on a regular basis by any animal.

 * This is not a large amount at all. Also;

 * "Tiger attacks on bears tend to occur when ungulate populations decrease."

 * Clearly, bears as prey is an exception, rather than the norm.

 * In fact, the largest bear killed by a tiger was 170 kg. This bear was taken while hibernating.

 * Prove it. Do you have a verifiable source?

 * Bears are usually NOT afraid of tigers. Someone deny we to write that to.

 * From Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol II;

 * http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UxWZ-OmTqVoC&pg=PA177&dq=mammals+of+the+soviet+union+tigers+bears&lr=&as_brr=3

 * P.175
 * Bears are generally afraid of tigers and, coming across their tracks, run away perpendicular to the trail. Confronted with a tiger, a bear will try to escape attack by climbing a tree (Baikov, 1925)

- - -> This is from an old book. There are new scientific evidence that grown brown bears do not fear tigers. http://tigers.ru/books/ecolog/ch12_en.html

—Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.243.167.164 (talk) 21:52, 5 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Mariomassone (talk) 10:47, 14 June 2009 (UTC)

A sufficiently large bear will not climb a tree, so the tigers predation is limited by small young individuals and females (yes, in this sense it's regular). Most likely Baikov means Asiatic Black Bears because the same author claims in another paper that brown bears do not afraid of tigers.

Anyway, the "translation" "despite the possibility of tiger predation, some brown bears actually benefit from the tiger's presence" does not fit the reference. A have to correct again. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.64.77.229 (talk) 12:41, 17 June 2009 (UTC)

The main conclusion of scientists is that: 1. Adult tigers do know how to predate upon small brown bears. 2. Adult male tigers will kill brown bears up to the size of an adult sow. 3. "It seems, that tigers are not able to prevent usurping their meal by adult males of brown bears". That's a translation from Russian to English of "Тигры, кажется, неспособны помешать взрослым самцам бурых медведей отобрать у них еду".

Somebody has make a revert with a strange comment “no need for miquelle's name in the passage and the current form better reflects the translation”.

1. What is the Russian sentence of the Introduction written by Miquelle the translation of which is “However, despite the possibility of tiger predation, some brown bears actually benefit from the tiger's presence by stealing tiger prey that the bears may not be able to successfully hunt themselves”? I don’t see any equivalent. If it exists, please put it down here.

2. Controversially, I have pointed out that "It seems, that tigers are not able to prevent usurping their meal by adult males of brown bears" translates "Тигры, кажется, неспособны помешать взрослым самцам бурых медведей отобрать у них еду". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.217.155.245 (talk) 07:23, 21 June 2009 (UTC)

 * Another source: Miquelle_Quigley_1996_Food_habits_of_Amur_tigers --Enric Naval (talk) 05:08, 22 June 2009 (UTC)

 * It does not make sense to plagiarize exact text from primary sources. In this case, it is even more problematic because we're dealing with a translation and the result is broken English ("usurping their meal by adult males of brown bears"). The context of the translation notes the seeming incongruity between bears usurping kills and serving as tiger prey, and that's what should be included. Despite his expertise, it does not serve any purpose to list Miquelle's name in the text either, that's what the citation is for. 149.79.35.227 (talk) 17:11, 23 June 2009 (UTC)

The clear idea of the sentence is that male brown bears dominate over tigers in trophy competition. Some of Wiki authors will try to make an impression that tigers kill every bear. Apparenty, adult male brown bear is not a prey. This fact has to be mentioned here.

This guy change it back as he is pro- tiger character with no interest in a balanced article. He has already changed this even though you documented it. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Norw73 (talk • contribs) 20:46, 29 June 2009 (UTC) I suspect the guy who is changing the right translation to a kind of his own fantasy is an known Utube spammer. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.64.77.250 (talk) 10:10, 30 June 2009 (UTC)

Justification for edits
First of all, please note that there is only one bit of cited material being removed in my edits. The Miquelle piece remains in a different place and in another instance one bit of cited material is being replaced with another. Re the cited source that is being deleted, i.e., the passage about brown bears being "immune" from summer predation, the section in the source material containing this statement cites sources published in 1948 and 1965. There is additional information in the form of studies since that time (covered in other cites in this section) that has proven that that is not the case. Therefore that sourced material is not helpful or accurate based on the current level of scientific knowledge. The citation regarding "12 instances of bear predation on tigers" is covered by the similarly cited statement: "there are also records of brown bears killing tigers, either in disputes over prey or in self defense." The latter statement is more helpful because it is misleading to limit the bear predation to "12 instances," that number refers to only to a specific study rather than long term observation, and moreover, is somewhat misleading in any case because it includes instances of tiger cub predation although this is not clarified in the sentence. Regardless, the general statement makes more sense and fits the tone of the section better than a specific number selected from a specific study, which would be misleading in a variety of ways. 71.248.14.64 (talk) 01:45, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

I put the citation back because the replacement was not related to the source. It's a kind a pure fantasy.

As regard 12 instances, it's not really a limit. For example, despite a regular predation of tigers upon bears, there are only 25 known cases of the brown bears death as preys (including bear cub predation). Of course, a lot of conflicts were not noticed by scientists.

Brown bear sows, indeed, are not immune from summer predation. This concerns only adult fully-grown males. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 158.64.77.220 (talk) 12:04, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

Brown bear sows, indeed, are not immune from summer predation

The edit said large adult bears are immune from summer attacks and that is consistant with the source. Bobisbob2 (talk) 16:45, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

large adult bears are immune from summer attacks

that is true, but source cites studies from the 40s and 60s and is outdated by more recent data, see "Tigers in the Snow" (which used Miquelle and Hornocker as sources) and Miquelle's more recent research. 71.248.14.64 (talk) 00:40, 21 July 2009 (UTC)

"Tigers in the Snow" does not provided any example of a large bear killed by tigers, so does the "Miquelle's more recent research".

large adult bears are immune from summer attacks  —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.217.155.245 (talk) 10:44, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

It's definitely true. A female brown bear is almost never large. Most of them are below 200 kg. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.217.155.245 (talk) 18:20, 20 July 2009 (UTC)

Current population estimate
What is the current estimated population of Siberian tigers in the wild? I can't find it in the article. 24.11.90.46 (talk) 05:15, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

Caspian tigers were not Siberian tigers!!! The Caspian tiger was a separate subspecies.
72.1.195.4 (talk) 16:56, 6 August 2009 (UTC)

New scientific advancements in Siberian tiger genetics say otherwise.Mariomassone (talk) 18:15, 6 August 2009 (UTC)

Article title, per WP:NAME
Without wading into the argument over the correct name of this animal, I will point out that most or all of the article titles used are incorrect, per Naming conventions (see particularly WP:NAME). The article should be "Siberian tiger" (only the first letter capitalised), or if you prefer, "Amur tiger." Since the page is currently at "Siberian Tiger" (and seems to have been there for quite a while), I am requesting the move to "Siberian tiger" and leaving "Siberian Tiger" as a redirect. cmadler (talk) 17:35, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

Weight Averages for Males?
It is difficult to sift through all of the gibberish to determine the weight of a male tiger. You guys put the one for the females clearly. 19:55, 17 August 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by MPA (talk • contribs)

title: Talk:Siberian tiger/Archive 1


text:
Chalcocite

Chalcocite, copper(I) sulfide (Cu2S), is an important copper ore mineral. It is opaque and dark gray to black, with a metallic luster. It has a hardness of 2.5–3 on the Mohs scale. It is a sulfide with a monoclinic crystal system.

The term chalcocite from the Greek khalkos, meaning "copper". It is also known as redruthite, vitreous copper, or copper-glance.

Occurrence
Chalcocite is sometimes found as a primary vein mineral in hydrothermal veins. However, most chalcocite occurs in the supergene enriched environment below the oxidation zone of copper deposits as a result of the leaching of copper from the oxidized minerals. It is also often found in sedimentary rocks.

It has been mined for centuries and is one of the most profitable copper ores. The reasons for this is its high copper content (66.7% atomic ratio and nearly 80% by weight) and the ease at which copper can be separated from sulfur.

Since chalcocite is a secondary mineral that forms from the alteration of other minerals, it has been known to form pseudomorphs of many different minerals. A pseudomorph is a mineral that has replaced another mineral atom by atom, but it leaves the original mineral's crystal shape intact. Chalcocite has been known to form pseudomorphs of the minerals bornite, covellite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, enargite, millerite, galena and sphalerite.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Chalcocite


text:
Ema Pukšec

Ema Pukšec (February 6, 1834 – January 14, 1889), also known as Ilma de Murska, as well as Ilma di Murska, was a 19th-century soprano opera singer from Croatia.

Life
Ema Pukšec was born in Ogulin (present-day Republic of Croatia). Her mother was Krescencia Brodarotti de Trauenfeld, while her father, Josip Pukšec, was a highly respected military officer stationed in the region around the city of Slunj. For his service in protecting the eastern flanks of western Europe within the Austrian Military Frontier, her father was granted nobility and added the extension Murski to his name. The feminine variant (de Murska) was later used by Ema as her own surname.

She began playing the piano at the age of five. After her family moved to Zagreb in 1850, she started to sing, hoping for a later opera career. She married a soldier by the name of Josip Eder in 1851, with whom they had two children (Alfons and Hermina). They moved first to Graz in 1857, then to Vienna in 1860, in order to enable Ema to study voice in the city's conservatory. She also studied for a time in Paris. Her professional career started in 1862 and lasted some 20 years.

Career
Ilma de Murska was a coloratura soprano with a range of three octaves. Her career as Ilma de Murska started in 1862 in Florence, Italy as Lady Harriet in Friedrich von Flotow's Martha. Some sources claim she debuted as Marguerite de Valois in Les Huguenots. Her tour of Europe followed by performing in Budapest, Spain and Italy. After a string of 42 successful performances she went to Vienna as a guest artist and sang on August 16, 1864 in Verdi's Il Trovatore. Her period in Vienna closed on August 10, 1873 in a farewell performance, in which she played Ophelia in the very first performance of Ambroise Thomas' Hamlet at the Vienna Court Opera. Her most noted roles included the Queen of the Night in Mozart's The Magic Flute and Lucia di Lammermoor. She also sang the roles of Dinorah and Isabella in Robert le Diable.

London
Ilma de Murska's London appearances were from 1865 until after 1873 and were generally in connection with James Henry Mapleson's company. She made her London debut as Lucia di Lammermoor at Her Majesty's Theatre. Her appearance as Queen of the Night in 1865 was a great success. George Bernard Shaw observed that, in the famous fioriturae of this role, she sang "to chime with a delicate ring and inimitable precision of touch". In 1866 she sang Meyerbeer's Dinorah. That autumn she played Ophelia in Ambroise Thomas's Hamlet, with Charles Santley and Karl Formes, in London and on tour.

In 1871 she was Isabella for Ernesto Nicolini's English debut, in Robert le Diable. She also took part in Mapleson's tours in Dublin between 1872 and 1876.

After leaving Vienna in 1873, de Murska performed in Hamburg, Berlin and Paris. In 1873-74, she toured United States. She also toured Russia, Australia and New Zealand, and for a period of time she lectured at the music conservatory in New York City. In June 1875 she left for her Australasian tour, at which she gave 145 concerts, ten operas and two oratorios, clearing for herself £16,000, according to one account, of which she sent £11,000 to her daughter in Austria. She married, almost certainly bigamously, the pianist Alfred Anderson in Sydney on 29 December 1875 during her Australian tour. She was obliged to break her schedule a few weeks later in Melbourne, as her husband was gravely ill. As a result, her fans in that city were treated to additional performances, in Lucia di Lammermoor and La Sonnambula, alternating nights with Fannie Simonsen. Anderson, who had been suffering intermittently before the marriage, died on 22 March. Within two months, on 15 May 1876, while on tour in Dunedin, New Zealand, De Murska had married again, to John Hill, a friend and colleague of Anderson. This marriage lasted no longer than any of her others, as when de Murska returned to America in October 1876, Hill remained in Australia.

De Murska was noted for her hypersensitivity, especially about her age, and for the large menagerie of animals which accompanied her everywhere. Most important of these was an immense black Newfoundland dog called Pluto, which was trained to eat fowl off a plate, set for him as a place at the dining table with his mistress, without dripping anything on the tablecloth. He customarily travelled in a first-class carriage. His constant travelling-associates were two parrots, an Angora cat, and a monkey. The monkey and cat tormented each other and clawed each other's fur, and the parrots were given free range in the hotels where the diva was staying, and were frequently destructive of the furnishings. De Murska accepted the consequent expenses happily.

Assessments
Music critics, aristocratic opera patrons and ordinary listeners alike called her "The Croatian Nightingale" following her acclaimed appearances in Vienna and London. As a singer she was wild and uninhibited, to the frustration of the conductor, as she was apt to depart from the score in fantastic improvisations, and he would be obliged to hold back the orchestra's crescendo until she was ready. This power was, of course, exactly what endeared her to the audience.

Death
Ema Pukšec (aka Ilma de Murska) died in Munich on January 14, 1889, aged 54.

title: Ema Pukšec


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Talk:369 (number)

Am I missing something
"Three hundred sixty-nine is the natural number following three hundred sixty-eight and preceding three hundred seventy." Please excuse me if I'm missing something - I'm new here... - but do we need an encyclopaedia to tell us this?--Nabla 02:53, 2004 Aug 2 (UTC)
 * My dear myself-from-7-years-past, yes you were missing something! But I sympathise with you, as I do too. See'ya in 2018?! - Nabla (talk) 22:00, 29 August 2011 (UTC)

'369 Numbers' problem
369 Numbers is one of a series of computing problems. If I can establish that it is in some way notable, e.g. it is referred to in texts rather than simply an online problem-solving site, then I shall add it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 146.200.134.150 (talk) 18:22, 31 May 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:369 (number)


text:
Vitruvian module

A module (Latin modulus, a measure) is a term that was in use among Roman architects, corresponding to the semidiameter of the column at its base. The term was first set forth by Vitruvius (book iv.3), and was employed by architects in the Italian Renaissance to determine the relative proportions of the various parts of the Classical orders. The module was divided by the 16th century theorists into thirty parts, called minutes, allowing for much greater precision than was thought necessary by Vitruvius, whose subdivision was usually six parts.

When illustrating Palladio, the British architect Isaac Ware (The Four Books of Andrea Palladio's Architecture, London 1738; illustration, right) laid out the Doric order as an exercise in modular construction. The module he selected was a full column diameter taken at the base. He set his columns, 15 modules tall, at an intercolumniation of 5½ modules. His architrave and frieze, without the cornice, are equal to one module.

The tendency in Beaux-Arts architectural training was similarly to adopt the whole columnar diameter as the module when determining the height of the column or entablature or any of their subdivisions.

Thus module can be extended to mean more generally a unitary part that gives the measuring unit for the whole. In education, for example, lessons may be divided into modules.

title: Vitruvian module