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Polysics

Polysics (ポリシックス) is a Japanese techno/electronic band from Tokyo, who dubs its unique style as "technicolor pogo punk". It was named after a brand of synthesizer, the Korg Polysix. The band started in 1997, but got their big break in 1998 at a concert in Tokyo. They create high energy music, fusing conventional guitar music with synthesized and computer generated sound to create a unique mixture of punk and synthpop heavily inspired by the American bands Devo and The Tubes, as well as Japanese bands such as P-Model and Yellow Magic Orchestra. Their song lyrics often consist of Japanese, English, or just downright gibberish. The band has been noted for their extremely energetic live performances and their wild gimmicky outfits, notably their straight-bar sunglasses and trademark orange boiler suits stamped with a simple "P".

History
Polysics was formed in 1997 by Japanese high-school student Hiroyuki Hayashi. After watching some live footage of Devo and becoming inspired by new wave music of the West, Hayashi quit his soccer team and formed a band to expand on the cartoonish image and musical ideas of the zany art-punk icons he had seen on TV. He was joined by drummer Junichi Sugai and Sako (aka Poly 2). Another member named Kaneko joined within the early years of the band, but he left and was soon replaced by Kayo. Kayo's mechanical stage presence provided an asymmetrical dynamic to the frenetic antics of the other three members. The name of the band derives from the first synthesizer owned by Hayashi, the Korg Polysix. This synth appears in two of their early music videos.

In 1999, Polysics released their first albums 1st P and A.D.S.R.M! on the independent label DECKREC Records. Just after the release of 1st P their bassist, known only as "POLY-2", left. The band dropped the "POLY-X" names, and reduced to a trio, with new member Fumi on Bass Support on some of the tracks from Neu. In 1999, Asian Man Records released their US debut album, Hey! Bob! My Friend! to rave reviews, but weak sales. The album was a compilation of tracks from their first two Japanese releases. In 2000, Polysics signed to Ki/oon Records (a subsidiary of Sony Music Japan Inc.) and released their first major album Neu. The album carried with it the same manic energy as their independent releases but more refined. On the 2001 album Eno, Synthesizers became more prevalent in the mix, but the songs still had an intense punk-like energy. For this album, Fumi applied as a full member, returning Polysics to a quartet. 2002 saw the release of the album For Young Electric Pop, Polysics' attempt at a pop album. The manic punk energy was minimized, but the band showed it had an amazing sense of harmony and style.

In 2003, Neu was released in the United States on Asian Man Records to rave reviews and great sales. However, shortly after recording the Kaja Kaja Goo EP drummer Junichi Sugai left the band. Ishimaru (drummer for the punk group Snail Ramp) temporarily joined as a replacement. For the 2003 album National P, Polysics went to the US to tour, which was then captured on the PippikkippippiP In USA DVD.

Also during 2003, Polysics appeared on UK television for the programme Adam & Joe Go Tokyo performing "Kaja Kaja Goo".

In 2004, Polysics released a greatest hits compilation titled Polysics or Die!!!! in Europe and the United States. Yano had also replaced Sugai as the new drummer for the band in this year. Polysics toured Europe and the US for the 2005 US Release of Polysics or Die!!!!. With the early 2006 release of Now Is the Time!, they toured the US and the UK, supporting high-profile UK artists such as Graham Coxon and Kaiser Chiefs.

On February 28, 2007 Polysics released their album Karate House in Japan.

Following this Polysics signed for MySpace Records making plans to re-release Polysics or Die!!!! in the US, with the inclusion of the latest singles from Karate House and a bonus DVD of videos and live cuts. ''Polysics or Die!!!! Vista'' was released on October 9, 2007 for Myspace Records exclusively for the United States, to mark the band's ten-year anniversary. Hayashi did a remix of the "Teen Titans Theme" by JPop group Puffy AmiYumi. The song "Teen Titans Theme ~POLYSICS' CR-06 MIX~" appears on their US album Splurge.

On April 23, 2008, We Ate the Machine was released in Japan. It was released on September 30, 2008 in North America.

In their newsletter it was announced that Kayo's last day with Polysics would be March 14, 2010, the day of their huge Nippon Budokan concert. She says that she has spent happy and quality time with the band, but she wants to live on as a woman and not a musician.

Their Budokan concert, ''BUDOKAN OR DIE!!!! 2010.3.14'', was released on July 7, 2010 on both DVD and Blu-ray.

On August 8, 2010 they came back from their hiatus during the Rock in Japan Festival as a trio in brand new outfits and visors.

They covered Buck-Tick's "Sid Vicious on the Beach" for Parade II -Respective Tracks of Buck-Tick-, released on July 4, 2012.

In 2018, Polysics started a side project called The Vocoders, with a presentation modeled off Kraftwerk.

Influences
In Hiroyuki's words, Polysics is inspired by "the spirit of Devo." Obvious references to Devo have been made in Polysics videos, and songs. The band has also covered "Jerking Back And Forth", "Social Fools", "Secret Agent Man" and on their 15th anniversary album, 15th P, Devo front man, Mark Mothersbaugh joined the band to perform a new version of "Mecha-Mania Boy". Polysics have also creatively repurposed Devo and other new wave/punk material in their own original songs; for instance, in the song "Each Life Each End" from the album "Neu" they borrow the opening riff from the Devo song "Girl U Want" (along with a sample from "Love Missile F1-11" by Sigue Sigue Sputnik), and the lyrics are playfully paraphrased from Devo's "The Day My Baby Gave Me A Surprise" and "Red Eye Express." The tributes even extend to the album art; in a miniposter included with the album "National P", the members of Polysics are shown seated around a picnic blanket, about to eat cakes shaped like Devo's famous red Energy Dome headgear. In addition, the giant robot mascot from the cover of their "Lo-Bits" EP sports a battle helmet that resembles the same iconic dome.

While Polysics claim Devo as their most prevalent influence, other bands and artists that have influenced their music, are occasionally referenced in their album or song titles, and whose music has sometime been repurposed in similar ways include Neu!, Brian Eno, XTC, Yellow Magic Orchestra, P-Model (who they have opened for), Talking Heads, Sparks, The B-52's, King Crimson, Kraftwerk, Denki Groove, Nirvana, Man or Astroman, Spoozys, and David Bowie, Hikashu and Plastics. Polysics have covered songs by Devo, Styx, Suzi Quatro, Plastics, The Ramones, The Knack, Soft Cell, Hikashu, Thin Lizzy, P-Model and Frank Sinatra and have been known to play Yes during their sound checks.

Members

 * Current members
 * Hiroyuki Hayashi – Guitar, vocals, vocoder, programming (1997–present)
 * Fumi – Bass guitar, vocals, synthesizer (2001–present; support - 1999-2001)
 * Masashi Yano – Drums, vocals (2004–present)

 * Past members
 * Junichi Sugai – Drums (1998-2003)
 * Sako Eisuke (aka Poly-2) – Synthesizer, vocoder, concert toast throwing performance (1997-1999)
 * Kaneko Shingo – Synthesizer (1997)
 * Kayo – Synthesizer, vocals, vocoder (1998-2010)
 * Ryo Nakamura - Guitar, vocals, synthesizers (2017–2020)

 * Touring musicians
 * Ishimaru – Drums (2003-2004)

Albums

 * 1st P - 1999
 * A.D.S.R.M! - 1999
 * Neu - 2000
 * Eno - 2001
 * For Young Electric Pop - 2002
 * National P - 2003
 * Now Is the Time! - 2005
 * Karate House - 2007
 * We Ate the Machine - 2008
 * Absolute Polysics - 2009
 * Oh! No! It's Heavy Polysick!!! - 2011
 * 15th P - 2012
 * Weeeeeeeeee!!! - 2012
 * Action!(album) - 2014
 * What's This??? - 2016
 * That's Fantastic! - 2017
 * In the Sync - 2019

Compilation albums

 * Hey! Bob! My Friend! - 2000
 * Polysics or Die!!!! - 2004
 * Polysics or Die!!!! Vista - 2007
 * Bestoisu!!!! - 2010

Live albums

 * Live in Japan / 6-D - 2000
 * Replay! - 2017

Video releases

 * Live at Newwave - 1999
 * B.G.V. - 2000
 * DVDVPVDVLIVE!! - 2003
 * PippikkippippiP in USA - 2004
 * Now Is the live! - 2006
 * Clips or Die!!!! - 2007
 * We Ate the Show!! - 2008
 * Budokan or Die!!!! 2010.3.14 - 2010

Singles

 * "Plus Chicker" - 1999
 * "Modern" - 1999
 * "XCT" - 2000
 * "Each Life Each End" - 2000
 * "New Wave Jacket" - 2001
 * "Baby Bias" - 2005
 * "Coelacanth Is Android" - 2005
 * "Electric Surfin' Go Go" - 2006
 * "You-You-You" - 2006
 * "Catch On Everywhere" - 2007
 * "Rocket" - 2007
 * "Pretty Good" - 2008
 * "Shout Aloud! / Beat Flash" - 2009
 * "Young Oh Oh!" - 2009
 * "Lucky Star" - 2012
 * "Everybody Say No" - 2012
 * "Part of Me" - 2019
 * "Kami-Saba" - 2019
 * "Piko" - 2019

EPs

 * Lo-Bits - 2002
 * Kaja Kaja Goo - 2003
 * New Wave Jacket / My Sharona - 2004
 * I My Me Mine / Jhout - 2006
 * eee-P!!! - 2010
 * Mega Over Drive - 2013
 * HEN 愛 LET'S GO! - 2015
 * HEN 愛 LET'S GO! 2 - 2015

Soundtracks

 * Polysics performed the theme song for the American Jetix television show Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!.
 * Polysics' song "You-You-You" is used as one of the opening themes for the anime Keroro Gunso.
 * A track from their album Now is the Time!, "Tei! Tei! Tei!", was included in FIFA 07 the soundtrack by EA Sports.
 * Anime Network used Polysics' track "Each Life Each End" for the Girl Power programming block.
 * The ending theme to the Moyashimon anime is Polysics' "Rocket".
 * The opening and ending theme to the Cells at Work! Code Black anime, "Hashire" and "Ue wo Muite Hakobou" respectively.

Legacy
In 2020, Jonathan McNamara of The Japan Times listed For Young Electric Pop (2002) as one of the 10 Japanese albums worthy of inclusion on Rolling Stone's 2020 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, describing it as "a top-tier Polysics record and an accessible introduction to a band unequaled in their ability to leave you grinning from ear to ear."

Neil Cicierega of Lemon Demon cites Polysics as one of his musical influences. In the text commentary to his 2006 album Dinosaurchestra, he says that the song "Neverending Hum" was inspired by Polysics and Devo. In 2007, he posted a video of him dancing in fast motion to Polysics' "Jhout" to his YouTube channel.

title: Polysics


text:
Talk:Thespiae

Comments
It would be good to see a mention if this is the origin of the term "Thespian" for actor or if it is not. 207.69.140.32 14:36, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I think some words need to be removed to make it less biased. For example, "treacherous". 12.240.0.209 04:09, 10 October 2006 (UTC)

This article displays an unfounded and focalised bias concerning the relationship between Thespiae and Thebes. The statements made are unsupported by even the most basic scholarly articles or the historical sources. Redbrigade82 (talk) 05:40, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

 * The article is based on a very limited number of modern sources, and the "bias" seems typical of the 1911 Britannica from which it no doubt was originally filched. It seems unlikely that this was a deliberate POV campaign by a pro-Theban faction of editors, so I think you'd be safe in editing it with these basic scholarly sources you have at hand. Cynwolfe (talk) 11:51, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

Thespian hoplite
That pic looks really nice. Where is it from?--MonJoe 03:09, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I added a link to my peer-reviewed small essay on the ancient Thespian Army. I hope that it will be helpful. Nikolaos Markoulakis (talk) 01:11, 10 November 2008 (UTC)

Mithridates
The mention of war with Mithridates says this occurred in the year 171. I don't know if this means AD or BC but in either case, the Mithridatic wars were all in the 1st century BC so this date must be inaccurate. I don't have access to the cited source to correct this, although looking at the page's history it appears that an earlier paragraph mentioning the year 171 was edited to include mention of Mithridates VI, so it may refer to a different event. 98.247.80.12 (talk) 16:32, 25 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Thank you for pointing this out. I have consulted the relevant source and amended the article accordingly. Redbrigade82 (talk) 09:42, 26 September 2012 (UTC)

When was Thespiae restored?
Just today I added the line "Not long after the battle Thespiae was razed by Thebes and its inhabitants expelled" along with a source. However, after that comes the already existing line "At some point later the city was restored". But is it possible to give a better estimate of the date, I wonder? During the research I've done myself, I've found this section of Demosthenes' speech For the Megalopolitans which reads "...the Thebans will be weakened by the refounding of Orchomenus, Thespiae and Plataea...". That speech was delivered in 352. From the wording I understand those cities are yet to be refounded, or have just been refounded. Does anyone else have more insight into this, or shall I mention this speech in the article as an indication that by 352 it might have been refounded or was about to be refounded? AlexanderVanLoon (talk) 22:23, 13 November 2012 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Thespiae


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User talk:Mapple

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Mapple-- you might want to look at some of 70.68.228.208's other recent edits, including Sede vacante; he has made similiar claims that you have reverted in other papal articles. --BaronLarf 19:25, Apr 7, 2005 (UTC)

BaronLarf, thank you very much. I've expressed my opinion upon the cause of the mistake of 70.68.228.208 on the talk page for Sede vacante article. Mapple 20:04, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)

many thanks for your edit on the "What I believe" page. Makes the thing more readable! --danielsp 11:08, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Mapple


text:
Perfin

In philately, a perfin is a stamp that has had initials or a name perforated across it to discourage theft. The name is a contraction of perforated initials or perforated insignia. They are also sometimes called SPIFS (Stamps Perforated with Initials of Firms and Societies).

History
Great Britain was the first country to use perfins, beginning in 1868. The practice spread quickly to Belgium (1872); Denmark, France, Germany and Switzerland (1876); and Austria (1877); the U.S. finally allowed perfins in 1908.

In Britain unused postage stamps could be redeemed for cash at the post office. By agreement with postal authorities, a perfin stamp on a letter could be used only by the owner of the perfin. Therefore, a stolen perforated stamp would be of no value to the unauthorized bearer. Thus the use of perfins gave organizations better security over their postage. The demise of the perfin came about by the widespread use of postage meter machines which obviated the need for perfins.

Officially prepared perfins
A number of countries have perforated stamps to denote official mail. Denmark punctured stamps for use by the Danish Home Guard. The United States has punctured stamps for use by various Federal organisations and Australian states such as Victoria and Queensland used perfins widely on their stamps.

Collecting perfins
Formerly considered damaged and not worth collecting, perforated postage stamps are now highly sought after by specialist collectors. It is often difficult to identify the originating uses of individual perfins because there are usually no identifying features; for instance the Kodak company used a simple K as their perfin, but on its own a stamp perforated K could have been used by several other users. A K perfin still affixed to a cover that has some company identifying feature, like the company name, address, or even a postmark or cancellation of a town where the company had offices, enhances such a perfin. Note that the block of 12 stamps illustrated on the right includes two copies of the highly sought-after erroneous 5-cent denomination instead of 2 cents.

Postal stationery
In addition to stamps, postal stationery envelopes, postcards, and newspaper wrappers were perfinned.

Perfinned postal orders
Perfinned British postal orders were used to pay out winning bets on the football pools and these postal orders are very sought after by collectors.

Specimen stamps
Specimen stamps have often been perfinned with the word specimen to denote their status.

Reply coupons
International reply coupons have been issued by the Channel Island of Jersey in which the country is identified by the letters 'JE' perfinned into the coupon.

Clubs

 * German Perfin Association - In German
 * The Perfins Club - United States based perfin society
 * The Perfin Society - Great Britain based perfin society

title: Perfin


text:
Thomas Bambridge

Thomas Bambridge (died 1741) was a British attorney who became a notorious warden of the Fleet Prison in London.

Bambridge became warden of the Fleet in 1728. He had paid, with another person, £5,000 to John Huggins for the wardenship. He was found guilty of extortion, and, according to a committee of the House of Commons appointed to inquire into the state of English gaols, arbitrarily and unlawfully loaded with irons, put into dungeons, and destroyed prisoners for debt, treating them in the most barbarous and cruel manner, in violation of the law. He was committed to Newgate Prison, and an act, Warden of Fleet Prison Act 1728 (2 Geo. 2. c. 32) was passed to prevent his enjoying the office of warden.

title: Thomas Bambridge


text:
Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke

Richard de Clare (1130 – 20 April 1176), 2nd Earl of Pembroke, also Lord of Leinster and Justiciar of Ireland (sometimes known as Richard FitzGilbert), was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Like his father, Richard is commonly known by his nickname, Strongbow.

After his son and heir, Gilbert, died childless before 1189, the earldom passed through Richard's daughter Isabel de Clare and to her husband, William Marshal.

Nickname
During the Middle Ages, official documents, with few exceptions, were written in Latin; in the Domesday Exchequer annals, written between 1300 and 1304 (that means, over 120 years after Richard's death), he was referred to as "Ricardus cognomento Stranghose Comes Strugulliae", which translates to "Richard, known as Stranghose, earl of Striguil" (modern Chepstow).

In reality, Stranghose is probably a different spelling of Striguil. In the 14th century, the nickname was finally rendered as "Strongbow".

Early life
Richard de Clare was the son of Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke and his wife, Isabel de Beaumont, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester and mistress of King Henry I. Richard also had a sister, Basilea de Clare.

Gilbert died in about 1148, and Richard inherited his father’s possessions when he was roughly 18 years old. It is possible that the title of Earl of Pembroke was never recognized, and in 1154 Henry II deprived Richard of the title for siding against his mother, Empress Matilda, during the Anarchy. In fact, Richard’s contemporaries referred to him as "Count Striguil", for his marcher lordship of Striguil where he had a fortress.

Background
In 1167 the King of Leinster, Dermot MacMurrough, was deprived of his title by Rory O'Connor, the High King of Ireland, for having abducted Dervorgilla, the wife of Tiernan O'Rourke, King of Breifne, 15 years prior. In order to recover his kingdom, Dermot embarked from Bristol on 1 August 1166 to ask for help to Henry II of England. He met the king in Aquitaine, in the autumn, but Henry only sent him a letter and did not offer his military support. On his return to Wales, Dermot tried to rally some forces, but failed. This is when he met Richard De Clare and the other lords of the Welsh Marches.

Dermot came to an agreement with Richard: if the latter helped the deposed king in the retaking of Leinster, he could have Aoife, Dermot's eldest daughter, in marriage, along with the succession to the crown if it was regained. Since Henry II's letter to Dermot was general in nature, Richard wanted to obtain the king's specific consent to travel to Ireland. In 1168 he raised the issue at court and he was granted permission.

Campaign in Ireland
Dermot and Richard raised a large army, commanded by Raymond FitzGerald, which included Welsh archers. The army sailed in Ireland and took the Ostman towns of Wexford, Waterford and Dublin between 1169 and 1170. On 23 August 1170, Richard embarked on his ships at Milford Haven to join the force; however, a royal messenger arrived to forbid him to go. Richard sailed anyway and ignored the king's wishes.

Dermot died in May 1171, and his son Donal MacMurrough claimed the kingdom of Leinster in accordance to the Brehon laws. Richard, in turn, claimed the kingship in the right of his wife. At the same time he sent his uncle, Hervey de Montmorency, on an embassy to Henry II to appease the king who was growing worried with Richard's increasing power. Henry offered to return Richard's lands in France, England and Wales (which he had confiscated) in exchange for the conquered possessions in Ireland. Richard accepted and surrendered Dublin, Waterford and other fortresses to the English king, only keeping Kildare.

Henry crossed over to Ireland in October 1172 and stayed there for six months, stationing his own men where needed. His rule in Ireland was accepted by both the Gaelic and the Norman lords, and the relationship between him and Richard was restored. Richard, in fact, also agreed to help Henry with the revolt in France in 1173 and as a reward he was given his possession of Leinster back. In 1174 he tried to advance into Munster but was defeated in the battle of Thurles.

Death and succession
Richard de Clare died in June 1176 of an infection in either his leg or foot. He was buried in Holy Trinity Church, Dublin, together with his uncle-in-law, Laurence O'Toole, Archbishop of Dublin. King Henry II took Richard's possessions for himself and placed a royal official in charge of them, protecting the inheritance of Richard's children. Richard's wife Aoife was given her dower rights and possibly held Striguil until the Welsh rebellion of 1184/85.

Richard was first succeeded by his son Gilbert. When Gilbert died, still a minor, the inheritance passed onto Richard's daughter Isabel. Isabel, on the wishes of Henry II and his son Richard the Lionheart, was given in spouse to William Marshal, who became the Earl of Pembroke for jure uxoris.

Marriage and issue
By an unknown mistress, Richard de Clare fathered two daughters:
 * Aline de Clare, married William FitzMaurice FitzGerald, baron of Naas
 * Basilia de Clare, married Robert de Quincy, Constable of Leinster.

On about 26 August 1171, in Reginald's Tower (Waterford), Richard de Clare married Aoife MacMurrough. Their children were:
 * Gilbert de Clare, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, who died a minor in 1185
 * Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke, who became Countess of Pembroke in her own right in 1185 (on the death of her brother) until her own death in 1220.

Legacy
Richard de Clare was first interred in Dublin's Christ Church Cathedral where an alleged effigy is located. Richard de Clare's actual tomb-effigy was destroyed when the roof of the Cathedral collapsed in 1562. The one on display dates from around the 15th century and bears the coat of arms of an unknown knight, and is the effigy of another local knight. Richard de Clare was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin within sight of the cross according to an eyewitness, Giraldus Cambrensis. There is little evidence to support the tradition that he was buried either in St Edan's Cathedral, Ferns, Christ Church Cathedral, Waterford or Dominican priory, Kilkenny. References to 'de Clare' being buried in Gloucester Cathedral refer to his father, while those to 'Strongbow' in Tintern abbey refer probably to Walter or Anselm Marshall, both of whom died in 1245.

In popular culture
The English cider brand Strongbow is named after him.

title: Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke


text:
User:Pdean

Peter Dean
Dunsmore, Buckinghamshire, UK

Pdean 14:49, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Pdean


text:
Talk:Red Adair

Untitled
Yikes! Thanks for correcting my typo. I meant 76, not 79 -- but 75 is correct, too. Adair had a birthday while in Kuwait. deeceevoice

more info?
The san Fernando Valley natural gas fire 3 wells, within full view of a major metropolitan area, and covered by dozens of news agencies, good access to this fire. (It was bright enough to read by, over 5 miles away! hundreds of thousands of people could see it from their house) This was in the late 60's or early 70's. Anyone want to tackle this 'subarticle'?

also please expand my 'techniques of fighting' section if you can. I think one of the most fascinating aspects of red's story is the apparent simplicity of the technique (snuff the flame/cork the well)combined with the extreme danger of actually implementing the techniques involved.

I think a bibliography of red Adair books would be worthwhile.

And cheers for the article, everyone!Pedant 16:59, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

citation or expansion?
"To prevent re-ignition, brass or bronze tools, which do not strike sparks, or paraffin coated tools are used during the capping process, however it has been proven that steel tools do not cause sparks that are ignition sources." I'm not disputing that it may be the case, but WHY dont steel tools create sources of ignition? Doesn't this seem a little counter-intuitive. Who proved that they dont cause ignition? How? 194.80.135.84 15:37, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

 * This is not an answer to your question, but when I was a child a neighbor would sometimes amuse himself by pitching lit matches into a can of either kerosene, diesel fuel, or gasoline. They didn't go off. It's possible that the sparks from steel hammers simply don't have enough energy to trigger an explosion.

 * You're right, more information would be helpful here. Possible starting points:

 * http://cr4.globalspec.com/thread/44763/Intrinsically-Safe-IS-vs-Explosion-Proof#comment465861
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic_safety
 * Marzolian (talk) 20:30, 16 May 2010 (UTC)

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Why no contents?
The opening section is clearly meant as a lede. Why is it not followed by a list of section-headings, as normal? Valetude (talk) 00:43, 28 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Per WP:TOC, the mininum number of sections is four for an automatically generated table of contents. Adding  will enforce it to appear. –Austronesier (talk) 10:01, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Red Adair


text:
Chrono Crusade

Chrono Crusade, originally known in Japan (due to a typo) as Chrno Crusade (クロノクルセイド), is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Daisuke Moriyama. It was originally published by Kadokawa Shoten in Comic Dragon, then a special issue of the Dragon Magazine. A 24-episode anime television series adaptation produced by Fuji Television and Gonzo and directed by Yū Kō ran from 2003 to 2004 on Fuji TV. The series was released in North America by ADV Manga and ADV Films, titled Chrono Crusade.

Set in New York during the 1920s, Chrono Crusade follows the story of Rosette Christopher, and her demon partner Chrono. As members of the Magdalene Order, they travel around the country eliminating demonic threats to society, while Rosette searches for her lost brother, Joshua.

Plot
Chrono Crusade is set in the height of the Roaring Twenties, where jazz is king, bootleg liquor flows freely, and the mob rules the streets. It is a time of prosperity, luxury and decadence, and the division between rich and poor grows even wider in the wake of the First World War. It is at such times of great change and upheaval that the dark things that lurk below the world of man can come to the surface. In the world of Chrono Crusade, a fictional organization known as the Order of Magdalene (home to the characters Sister Rosette Christopher and her soul-bound demon partner, Chrono) exists to fight the demonic threats that appear with increasing regularity across America. Both Rosette and Chrono are revealed during the course of the story to be driven by a shadowy past, centered on a search for Rosette's lost brother Joshua who is shown to have been taken from her by the Sinner, Aion, a demon who shares a dark and bloody history with Chrono. He seeks nothing less than to overthrow the delicate balance between Heaven, Earth, and Hell (in the manga it is the demons' hierarchy he wished to destroy).

The anime follows the manga through the events of Volume IV, but it diverges during a crucial plot event, creating different courses of events and endings. The characterization of some of the characters, including Rosette and Aion, and their roles in the story were changed drastically in the adaptation of the manga. Much of the story is driven by the individual pasts of the main characters and the complex relationships between them.

Setting
The Order of Magdalene is an organization that banishes devils and demons. The Order has many branches around the country (some that are mentioned/visited include the Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, and Seattle branches); each one is presided over by the Council of the Catholic Church. The New York branch of the Order is headed by Kate Valentine, assisted by Ewan Remington, who lead the fight against the forces of darkness. The Order has many members; however, in times of great crisis, other less generally accepted individuals may be introduced into the Order to help fight the forces of darkness.

They use various weapons, mainly guns, swords, and melee weapons, many of which are developed by the New York branch's own Edward "Elder" Hamilton. The Order's preferred handgun is the Colt 1911, often loaded with Sacreds, standard bullets containing holy water, and Gospels, bullets with alchemy-transformed silver. The Spirit bullet was also developed, but upon test-fire it was found to be too dangerous, using a repressed lower-class demon for its explosive power. Tetragrammaton, a gun with high power against demons with low backlash, is given to Rosette and later used by Chrono. Besides using guns, there are members of the Order with special powers as well, using devices like tomes, violins, or dolls. They also use Angel Capture Fields, specialized barriers that can repel demons, their powers, and other astral based substances, and are set up by creating a rectangular array of cross-shaped stakes in the ground and activating them. The Order also developed the Soul Dive, an experimental system used to dive into souls for direct exorcism. The Order also unveils its flagship, the Metatron, in the final showdown with Pandemonium and Aion.

Main

 * Rosetto Kurisutofa (ロゼット・クリストファ)
 * Rosette is a 16-year-old elite exorcist of the Order of Magdalene and goes out on missions to destroy deadly spirits and devils. Her primary motivation is to rescue her younger brother Joshua, who has been kidnapped and later brainwashed by Aion. Because of a contract she formed with Chrono when she was 12, her life is slowly ticking away. Despite this, she continues to run towards her goal, confronting every challenge with a headstrong attitude. This conviction inspires others like Chrono and Azmaria to push forward surpassing their own limitations and personal doubt. She is almost entirely unfazed by the future she chose when she made her contract with Chrono, claiming she is still going to be "kicking and screaming 'til the very end". Despite knowing exactly who and what Chrono is, she does not seem the least bit afraid of him and trusts him indefinitely as her partner. Rosette is somewhat simple and prone to impulsive behavior that gets her in trouble; she claims it is because she knows she is short on time and can not afford to hesitate on things she may never live to do again and later regret.
 * Rosette is a 16-year-old elite exorcist of the Order of Magdalene and goes out on missions to destroy deadly spirits and devils. Her primary motivation is to rescue her younger brother Joshua, who has been kidnapped and later brainwashed by Aion. Because of a contract she formed with Chrono when she was 12, her life is slowly ticking away. Despite this, she continues to run towards her goal, confronting every challenge with a headstrong attitude. This conviction inspires others like Chrono and Azmaria to push forward surpassing their own limitations and personal doubt. She is almost entirely unfazed by the future she chose when she made her contract with Chrono, claiming she is still going to be "kicking and screaming 'til the very end". Despite knowing exactly who and what Chrono is, she does not seem the least bit afraid of him and trusts him indefinitely as her partner. Rosette is somewhat simple and prone to impulsive behavior that gets her in trouble; she claims it is because she knows she is short on time and can not afford to hesitate on things she may never live to do again and later regret.

 * Kurono (クロノ)
 * Rosette's contractor, partner, and closest friend. Chrono is stoic, loyal, kind, and somewhat quiet. This mild facade of a young boy belies a fierce, full-grown demon of infamous power and utmost rage. His contract with Rosette allows him to exist without his set of horns, which were ripped from his head in an early battle with Aion prior to the initial storyline. Demons' horns allow them to absorb astral energy, which bestows both power and life. In order to maintain Rosette's remaining life force and prevent Chrono's subconscious from stealing the rest, her life's energy is kept sealed in a pocket watch that is worn around her neck, the creator of which is none other than the Sinner named Shader.
 * Despite being a demon, Chrono cherishes life and those he loves. This creates conflict whenever Rosette is required to unseal her pocket watch, allowing him to harness his immense power to defeat powerful foes or rescue them in desperate situations. Chrono will always try to persuade Rosette to think of other solutions as releasing the pocket watch not only creates pain in his partner, but also lowers her already shortened lifespan.
 * Whenever his powers are sealed, Chrono retains the form of a young boy who appears extremely docile and rather charming, often surprising the humans he is familiar with. Although considered a "reformed" demon, Chrono has quite the temper, and if provoked will go into a terrifying rage that blinds him from most everything around him, including the people he cares about. Despite this, Chrono is deathly afraid of hurting others, or of being unable to protect those most important to him. His shadowy past with Aion and the Order's namesake Mary Magdalene is what motivates him to accept Rosette's contract despite the pain she will suffer and the end that he sees ahead.
 * Whenever his powers are sealed, Chrono retains the form of a young boy who appears extremely docile and rather charming, often surprising the humans he is familiar with. Although considered a "reformed" demon, Chrono has quite the temper, and if provoked will go into a terrifying rage that blinds him from most everything around him, including the people he cares about. Despite this, Chrono is deathly afraid of hurting others, or of being unable to protect those most important to him. His shadowy past with Aion and the Order's namesake Mary Magdalene is what motivates him to accept Rosette's contract despite the pain she will suffer and the end that he sees ahead.

 * Azumaria Hendorikku (アズマリア・ヘンドリック)
 * The Apostle of Charity and Songstress of Vegas. Azmaria is a 12-year-old girl with the gift of healing with song. Sensitive and fearful, Azmaria is initially more of a liability to Rosette and Chrono than she is an asset. She was traded among families like a trophy for most of her life, so her self-confidence and feeling of self-worth is extremely low. She has a spectacular soprano singing voice, and as such began her young life singing with a Portuguese orchestra, but when it was discovered that her singing voice had healing powers and marked her as an Apostle, she became an object of pursuit. After rescuing her as part of the Order's roundup of the Apostles, Rosette and Chrono soon make it their personal mission to help Azmaria to value herself just as much as she does others. She is hardworking, diligent, and very eager, and idolizes Rosette as an older sister and mentor.
 * Being an apostle, although bestowed with immense power, Azmaria is also afflicted with a curse, the curse of misfortune. While Joshua is plagued with poor health, those who come into contact with Azmaria will meet misfortune and suffering.
 * Being an apostle, although bestowed with immense power, Azmaria is also afflicted with a curse, the curse of misfortune. While Joshua is plagued with poor health, those who come into contact with Azmaria will meet misfortune and suffering.

 * Satera Hābenhaito (サテラ・ハーベンハイト)
 * A German jewel summoner and bounty hunter who specializes in demons. Her entire family was wiped out by a hornless demon, leaving only herself and her older sister Florette (AKA Fiore) alive. She was then raised by her kind butler Steiner, who still remains by her side. She is now on the search for her sister, who was taken from the massacre by the demon. At first she feels uncomfortable around Rosette and the others due to their trust of Chrono, a hornless devil she thought was the one responsible for her suffering. This changed after spending time with them. She comes to recognize them as friends and worthy comrades in battle.
 * Although highly irritated at Azmaria for her clumsy ways, Satella truly cares for her, as she sees a part of her former self in her when she was younger. After hearing Azmaria's soprano voice, she is proud of the young apostle and states that there are good points to her after all. Satella firmly believes that to move forward and grow, one must identify weaknesses first.
 * Although never stated, Satella's connections with demons may run deeper than she thought. In Fiore's memories, Aion came to their home to enlist the help of their father, who Aion states was their elder and teacher. With his refusal, the family home was razed and the family killed. From this, it is possible to assume that both Satella and Fiore may be part demon.
 * Although never stated, Satella's connections with demons may run deeper than she thought. In Fiore's memories, Aion came to their home to enlist the help of their father, who Aion states was their elder and teacher. With his refusal, the family home was razed and the family killed. From this, it is possible to assume that both Satella and Fiore may be part demon.

Magdalene Order

 * Keito Barentain (ケイト・ヴァレンタイン)
 * Head of the New York Branch of the Magdalene Order. She is a strong-willed woman who often seems out of place fighting demons and devils. She leads the order with an iron resolve, making sure the New York Branch Office runs as smooth as clockwork. She also distrusts Chrono despite his gentle nature, due to his status as a demon. She is openly irritated with Rosette due to her aloof ways, but deep down, she truly cares for her.
 * Sister Kate is later demoted when Chrono loses his sanity and openly attacks Viede and Aion in San Francisco causing countless casualties and revealing to the public the presence of demons.
 * Sister Kate is later demoted when Chrono loses his sanity and openly attacks Viede and Aion in San Francisco causing countless casualties and revealing to the public the presence of demons.

 * Yuwan Reminton (ユアン・レミントン)
 * The minister of the Magdalene Order. He also serves as a field agent and second in command to Sister Kate. In the anime, towards the end, he leaves the Order. He is seen quite a while later, looking about the same age but unshaven, when the third Prophecy of Fatima happens, just before seeing someone who appears similar to—if not the same as—Aion. He also has the apparent ability to warp, moving from the Magdalene NY HQ to a carnival in San Francisco instantly without anyone's notice. Immediately afterward, during the phone conversation with Sister Kate, he states that he is an Angel, and is implied to be a "fallen" one. It is later revealed that he has history with Chrono, as he was the boy who failed to save Mary Magdalene from being kidnapped by Chrono. It is revealed that he suffered an injury that would have ended his duty in the Order, but volunteered to be infused with Legion (a devil's equivalent to cells) in order to continue his work. After the events of the story, he retires but continues his duty as a father of the Catholic Church.
 * The minister of the Magdalene Order. He also serves as a field agent and second in command to Sister Kate. In the anime, towards the end, he leaves the Order. He is seen quite a while later, looking about the same age but unshaven, when the third Prophecy of Fatima happens, just before seeing someone who appears similar to—if not the same as—Aion. He also has the apparent ability to warp, moving from the Magdalene NY HQ to a carnival in San Francisco instantly without anyone's notice. Immediately afterward, during the phone conversation with Sister Kate, he states that he is an Angel, and is implied to be a "fallen" one. It is later revealed that he has history with Chrono, as he was the boy who failed to save Mary Magdalene from being kidnapped by Chrono. It is revealed that he suffered an injury that would have ended his duty in the Order, but volunteered to be infused with Legion (a devil's equivalent to cells) in order to continue his work. After the events of the story, he retires but continues his duty as a father of the Catholic Church.

 * Edowādo Hamiruton (エドワード・ハミルトン)
 * Edward is the person who makes the weapons used by the exorcists. He also has a great love for women, flipping the habits of the Sisters of the Order and playing perverted pranks on them. Despite this, he greatly cares for all the girls. Although he appears aloof and whimsical, Elder can display great authority and leadership, spurring those around him, including Sister Kate, into action.
 * Elder was previously involved with Mary Magdalene. He was the first one who accompanied Mary from the orphanage and explained her powers to her. He later accompanies the young Ewan in their pursuit of Chrono who kidnapped her from the Order.
 * Elder was previously involved with Mary Magdalene. He was the first one who accompanied Mary from the orphanage and explained her powers to her. He later accompanies the young Ewan in their pursuit of Chrono who kidnapped her from the Order.

 * Sister Anna (アンナ)

 * Sister Claire (クレア)

 * Sister Mary (メアリ)

 * Mary Magdalene (メアリー・マグダレーナ)
 * Mary is the foreseeing Holy Maiden after whom the Order was named. Having spent most of her life inside the Order, she was more than willing to follow Chrono to the outside world. She became close friends with the Sinners, notably with Chrono, who is implied to have developed feelings for her. She was killed by Aion, who was controlled by Pandemonium, and mourned by Chrono, who then left the Sinners.
 * Mary is the foreseeing Holy Maiden after whom the Order was named. Having spent most of her life inside the Order, she was more than willing to follow Chrono to the outside world. She became close friends with the Sinners, notably with Chrono, who is implied to have developed feelings for her. She was killed by Aion, who was controlled by Pandemonium, and mourned by Chrono, who then left the Sinners.

Pursuers
The Pursuers are demons sent by the elders of Pandemonium to eradicate the defected Sinners. The strength of their demons varies from weak to powerful, with numbers many times over those of the Sinners.
 * Kōshaku Deyufō (公爵デュフォー)
 * The leader of his own army. In the anime, he allied with the Magdalene Order to fight against the Sinners and managed to eliminate Genai. He led his troops in an attack on Aion, but was slain along with the rest when sprayed with Rosette's blood. Duke Duffau led the assault on Eden and fought well against Aion with his bare hands. He ultimately falls when a geas is cast on all demons worldwide leaving him immobile and open to execution by Aion who has ripped out his own horns to escape the geas.
 * The leader of his own army. In the anime, he allied with the Magdalene Order to fight against the Sinners and managed to eliminate Genai. He led his troops in an attack on Aion, but was slain along with the rest when sprayed with Rosette's blood. Duke Duffau led the assault on Eden and fought well against Aion with his bare hands. He ultimately falls when a geas is cast on all demons worldwide leaving him immobile and open to execution by Aion who has ripped out his own horns to escape the geas.

 * Karuvu (カルヴ)
 * One of the members of Duke Duffau's army. He was killed along with his enemy Viede (one of Aion's Sinners).
 * One of the members of Duke Duffau's army. He was killed along with his enemy Viede (one of Aion's Sinners).

 * Gūrio (グーリオ)
 * One of the members of Duke Duffau's army. He followed Duffau on the attack against Aion but was wounded by Rosette's holy blood. He managed to escape and went back to Chrono to warn him about Rosette, but died of wounds soon after.
 * One of the members of Duke Duffau's army. He followed Duffau on the attack against Aion but was wounded by Rosette's holy blood. He managed to escape and went back to Chrono to warn him about Rosette, but died of wounds soon after.

Sinners
Sinners are demons who have separated themselves from the demon hive Pandemonium and openly rebelled. In the case of the story, after Aion reached a higher domain and acquired forbidden knowledge, he was classified as a Sinner, with both him and his brood marked for execution. As a result, he becomes the de facto leader of this group, who eventually fight their way to freedom on Eden, although many comrades were lost. Of the Sinners, only Joshua and Fiore are not demons.

 * Aiōn (アイオーン)
 * A Sinner and a demon, and also Chrono's twin older brother. He is after all of the Apostles, including Azmaria, for reasons that are unknown until Chrono reveals them. His goal is to rebuild the world out of the "system" that binds everyone to their respective roles. Aion is very intelligent and manipulative while still remaining charismatic to those around him. He is fighting "Pandemonium", the system that maintains the roles that each of his siblings must take. If they were to ever reach a higher domain like himself, they will have learned too much and are disposed of.
 * A Sinner and a demon, and also Chrono's twin older brother. He is after all of the Apostles, including Azmaria, for reasons that are unknown until Chrono reveals them. His goal is to rebuild the world out of the "system" that binds everyone to their respective roles. Aion is very intelligent and manipulative while still remaining charismatic to those around him. He is fighting "Pandemonium", the system that maintains the roles that each of his siblings must take. If they were to ever reach a higher domain like himself, they will have learned too much and are disposed of.

 * Yoshua Kurisutofa (ヨシュア・クリストファ)
 * He holds allegiance to Aion's Sinners, and is also the Apostle of Hope and Rosette's younger brother. He is able to freeze people's time with the use of Chrono's devil horns, granted to him by Aion. He was tricked into taking Chrono's horns and followed Aion because he did not want Rosette to have to take care of him all the time. He wanted to be strong enough to take care of her and be her support.
 * Like Azmaria, Joshua was afflicted with the curse of ill health and suffering. Although he could heal the wounds of others, he could never alleviate his own suffering and is usually confined to a bed. He took Chrono's horns so that he could be stronger and fulfill his promise to become an explorer with his sister.
 * Both Joshua and Rosette were left orphaned when their parents went missing after their ship sank. He knows that the grave stone they attend is not real as their parents' bodies were never found. As a result, he pledged never to grow old as adults lie and hurt others.
 * Both Joshua and Rosette were left orphaned when their parents went missing after their ship sank. He knows that the grave stone they attend is not real as their parents' bodies were never found. As a result, he pledged never to grow old as adults lie and hurt others.

 * Fiore/Furoretto Hābenhaito (フィオレ/フロレット・ハーベンハイト)
 * Fiore is a very powerful jewel summoner who is Joshua's caretaker/maid (whom he refers to as "older sister"). When she was younger, she was taken by Aion, who erased her memory. Aion replaced her memories of Satella with memories of Joshua, which in turn makes her think that Joshua is her brother. She is completely devoted to Aion and Joshua, vowing to always protect Joshua no matter what. Later, when she encountered her sister Satella, she had no idea who she was. However, in the manga, she retained her memories and insisted that her existence as "Florette" ceased the day she died. In her fight with Satella, it is revealed that she is a mannequin and could reattach any limbs which were severed.
 * Fiore makes the gems that the Sinners wear, allowing them to fight without their horns.
 * Fiore makes the gems that the Sinners wear, allowing them to fight without their horns.

 * Rizēru (リゼール)
 * A spider-like Sinner who sends out miniature spiders who latch onto the necks of her victims, allowing her to control them like marionettes. All she desires is to be helpful to Aion. She is one of the six members of Aion's team and the first one to be killed. Her waist was slashed by Pandemonium's claws killing off the legion that reside there. As a result, she forever lost the lower half of her body, which is now replaced by metal legs much like a spider's.
 * Her death in the anime is slightly different from the one in the manga. In the anime, she vanished when she fell off the train, screaming all the way. In the manga, the upper half of her body is shown floating away in the stream beneath the bridge. Chrono contacts her through one of her spiders and she laments, wishing he had never left. She mocks Rosette one last time before she quietly dies, drifting away.
 * Her death in the anime is slightly different from the one in the manga. In the anime, she vanished when she fell off the train, screaming all the way. In the manga, the upper half of her body is shown floating away in the stream beneath the bridge. Chrono contacts her through one of her spiders and she laments, wishing he had never left. She mocks Rosette one last time before she quietly dies, drifting away.

 * Shēda (シェーダ)
 * She is one of the six members of Aion's team. She has animal-like features, with both cat ears and tail, and also displays cat-like behavior like enjoying a nice pat/rub and favoring fish as her food. Shader is the one that invented the devices Chrono and Aion have to absorb astral energy, since they no longer have horns to absorb energy from the Astral Line. She is the fourth to be killed by Remington. In the manga she survives the events of the main story and continues to live in modern America with Fiore.
 * She is one of the six members of Aion's team. She has animal-like features, with both cat ears and tail, and also displays cat-like behavior like enjoying a nice pat/rub and favoring fish as her food. Shader is the one that invented the devices Chrono and Aion have to absorb astral energy, since they no longer have horns to absorb energy from the Astral Line. She is the fourth to be killed by Remington. In the manga she survives the events of the main story and continues to live in modern America with Fiore.

 * (ヴィド)
 * He is one of the six members of Aion's team and the second to be killed along with his enemy Carv. A massive hulk, Viede is normally paired off with Genai on missions and as defense. His quiet and thoughtful manner is in stark contrast to Genai's outbursts and irrational behavior. Although he was injured fighting Pandemonium, he was only affected by the force field she threw up rather than the claws she slashed with and was able to make a full recovery. In the manga, he dies defending Eden against the Order and Pandemonium's pursuers.
 * He is one of the six members of Aion's team and the second to be killed along with his enemy Carv. A massive hulk, Viede is normally paired off with Genai on missions and as defense. His quiet and thoughtful manner is in stark contrast to Genai's outbursts and irrational behavior. Although he was injured fighting Pandemonium, he was only affected by the force field she threw up rather than the claws she slashed with and was able to make a full recovery. In the manga, he dies defending Eden against the Order and Pandemonium's pursuers.

 * (ジェナイ)
 * He is one of the six members of Aion's team. He wanted to avenge Rizelle after learning that she had been killed. He is the third to be killed by Duke Duffau. In the manga, he displayed fondness to Rizelle and was greatly angered at her death, to the point that he challenged Aion.
 * Genai's left arm and eyes were slashed by Pandemonium's claws and as such the legion that reside there have died off. Aion had Shader construct metal appendages to replace the deadened limbs. Genai wears a mask that covers his eyes, which themselves appear sewn shut. He slowly dies after the battle on Eden against the pursuers and the Order. As he dies, he reaches his arm towards the sky, saying how beautiful the sky is, wondering whether Rizelle could see them too.
 * Genai's left arm and eyes were slashed by Pandemonium's claws and as such the legion that reside there have died off. Aion had Shader construct metal appendages to replace the deadened limbs. Genai wears a mask that covers his eyes, which themselves appear sewn shut. He slowly dies after the battle on Eden against the pursuers and the Order. As he dies, he reaches his arm towards the sky, saying how beautiful the sky is, wondering whether Rizelle could see them too.

Production
In an interview with ADV Manga, Daisuke Moriyama expressed his own opinion about the differences and similarities of the anime and manga, with one of them being the theme of the story. Although the bond between Chrono and Rosette and the idea of time running out were the same, Moriyama felt that the anime and manga showed this theme in different ways. While the anime centered more on the currents of time, fate and trust, Moriyama believed that the manga focused more on Rosette's individual ideology and how the potential strength of her will can change her current situation.

In producing the English-language version, ADV did extensive research in keeping the slang words within 1920s canon. One word, "bimbo", is explained to mean a tough man in 1920s slang, while the modern version refers to a stupid woman. The English voice actors for Rosette and Chrono (Hilary Haag and Greg Ayres) nearly lost their voices on numerous occasions due to the fast-paced voice work demanded by the anime.

Manga
Written and illustrated by Daisuke Moriyama, Chrono Crusade has 59 chapters, called "Acts". It premiered in the November 1998 issue Dragon Age and ran until its conclusion in the June 2004 issue. The individual chapters were published in eight tankōbon volumes by Kadokawa Shoten from December 1999 to September 2004.

The series was licensed for English language release in North America by ADV Manga in 2004. In addition to releasing all eight volumes of the series, ADV Manga published some of the series chapters in its anime and manga magazine Newtype USA. The series was released in English in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Entertainment. It was also licensed for regional language releases in France by Asuka, in Mexico by Grupo Editorial Vid, in Italy by Planet Manga, in Germany by Carlsen Comics, in Hungary by Mangafan and in Denmark and Sweden by Mangismo.

Most recently, a reprint of Chrono Crusade was released in Japan, beginning in January 2010 and releasing two volumes per month. These featured brand-new book design and artwork. Of note is the crucial spelling correction from "Chrno" to "Chrono", following the statement made by Moriyama's publishers during the original serialization apologizing for the typo. The reprint features brand-new artwork on each volume with minimal ornamentation, featuring one character each (in order, Rosette, Chrono, Satella, Azmaria, Aion, Mary, Fiore) until the last volume, which featured a collage of the main cast, including Joshua, Sister Kate, and Father Remington.

Anime
An anime television series by Gonzo based on the manga first aired on Fuji TV in Japan on November 23, 2003 and ran for 24 episodes until its conclusion on June 10, 2004. It was directed by Yū Kō, with Atsuhiro Tomioka writing series scripts, Kazuya Kuroda designing the characters, Tomohiro Kawahara handling mechanical design, Hisao Muramatsu in charge of gun design and Masumi Itō composing the music. The series was originally licensed for an English language release in North America by ADV Films, Kadokawa Video, Gonzo, Happinet Pictures and The Klock Worx, which aired its English dubbed version of the series on Showtime Beyond in the United States from February 17, 2006 to July 28, 2006. On June 25, 2010, anime distributor Funimation announced on their online panel FuniCon 4.0, that they had acquired the North American license for this series along with 3 other former ADV titles, after ADV's shutdown in 2009.

SyFy aired Chrono Crusade from February 22 to May 12, 2011.

Drama CD
A drama CD adaptation, Chrono Crusade I -The Contractor of the Beginning- (クロノクルセイド I -始まりの契約者-), was published in Japan by Marine Entertainment on December 1, 2000. Chrono Crusade II -The Time of Eternity- (クロノクルセイド II -永遠の時間-), was published in Japan by Marine Entertainment on July 25, 2001. Chrono Crusade III -The Time of the Beginning- (クロノクルセイド III -始まりの時間-), was published in Japan by Marine Entertainment on November 28, 2001. Chrono Crusade Original Drama Spirit (クロノクルセイド オリジナルドラマ～Spirit), Chrono Crusade ORIGINAL DRAMA CD Predecessor Version (クロノクルセイド ORIGINAL DRAMA CD ～先行版～), was published in Japan by Lantis on April 21, 2004. Chrono Crusade ORIGINAL DRAMA CD Predecessor Version (クロノクルセイド ORIGINAL DRAMA CD ～先行版～), was published in Japan by Happinet Pictures on July 23, 2004. Chrono Crusade ORIGINAL DRAMA CD GHOST IN THE WATCH (クロノクルセイド ORIGINAL DRAMA CD -GHOST IN THE WATCH-」), was published in Japan by Happinet Pictures on August 27, 2004. Chrono Crusade ORIGINAL DRAMA CD The Messenger of Joshua (クロノクルセイド ORIGINAL DRAMA CD「ヨシュアのおつかい」), was published in Japan by Happinet Pictures on September 24, 2004. Chrono Crusade Magdala Girls' Academy VS Pandemonium Academy Part 1 (クロノクルセイド マグダラ女子学園VSパンデモニウム学園 前編), was published in Japan by Happinet Pictures on October 22, 2006. Chrono Crusade Magdala Girls' Academy VS Pandemonium Academy Part 2 (クロノクルセイド マグダラ女子学園VSパンデモニウム学園 後編), was published in Japan by Happinet Pictures on November 26, 2006.

CD
''Chrono Crusade Vocal & Drama SP. Edition 2001'' were vocals by Yuka Imai & Ayako Kawasumi, composed by Koichiro Kameyama.

Chrono Crusade Museum Drama Soundtrack were composed by Koichiro Kameyama, under his pseudonym, Tsuyoshi Nishida.

Gospel Original Soundtrack, Volume 1 and 2 were composed by Masumi Itō, under her pseudonym, Hikaru Nanase.

Novel
A light novel adaptation, Chrono Crusade: Wings, They are the Light of the Soul (クロノクルセイド: 翼よ、あれが魂の灯だ), was published in Japan by Kadokawa Shoten on April 20, 2004. Written by Hiroshi Tominaga and illustrated by Hiroshi Miyazawa, the novel is an original side story for the series, in which Sister Rosette and Chrono investigate strange events in St. Louis.

Miscellaneous
A Guide Book, Chrono Crusade Super Guide (クロノクルセイド スーパーガイド), was published in Japan by Kadokawa Shoten on 2004.

title: Chrono Crusade


text:
User talk:Al999

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title: User talk:Al999


text:
User talk:Jefferry

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Photo
I have uploaded images on article Volvo Super Olympian and West Rail (KCRC), but all of them are deleted because of copyright violations. However, you have uploaded other photos to compensate for the copyright problems of the old photos. Thank you for uploading these photos. cheung1303

Neoplan Centroliner
I have previous posted the article with this name but it was deleted and listed on WP:CP. You've recently posted a new article and added photos to it. Thank you for posting the article for me. cheung1303

 * Cheung you are fooling nobody. Do you think we are stupid? Don't use sockpuppets like this, don't upload copyrighted images and don't lie about who owns those images. I am deleting all images by jefferry and any other sock puppets you create. Theresa Knott (Tart, knees hot) 09:12, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

To Theresa
I had read your comments on my user talk, and i would like to declare that ALL images i upload here was TAKEN BY MYSELF. I hold the copyright of all images below. I have the ORIGINAL digital copy of all those photos (which is large in file size and resolution), it would be my pleasure to show them to you. It is not my intention to offend you, but i find that it is quite offensive for me to receive such a blame.

This is my list of images uploaded here:
 * Arriva_NWalesTrain.JPG
 * KMB_APM1_int.JPG
 * KMB_APM1_ext.JPG
 * KMB_AP.JPG
 * KMB_Trident.JPG
 * KCRWR_tinterior.JPG
 * KCRER_KLT.JPG
 * KMB 3ASV intr.JPG
 * KMB 3ASV44 68X.JPG
 * Kcrc wr tm.JPG

Jefferry

Jefferry: are you the original author of the pictures on Gakei? If so, can you ask Gakei to put up a notice stating that the author of these pictures have also authorized them for Wikipedia? Or how about putting a notice into the pictures that you took and sending them to Gakei again? Since you've contribute those pictures to Gakei before, I'm sure they will understand.

After all, Gakei is pretty strict about copyrights and I'm sure Gakei doesn't want their visitors to see the pictures on Wikipedia and get confused over who owns the copyrights. So you're doing Gakei a favour too. :)

Or how about this? We'll email Gakei and tell them that the author of their pictures has authorized them to be put on Wikipedia. This way they won't get confused or angry if they see their pictures on Wikipedia. -- ran [[User talk:Ran|(talk)]] 19:54, Nov 22, 2004 (UTC)

Since nobody has found any of your pictures on Gakei, the above comments don't apply.... I'm sorry if I was sounding suspicious, but we've been having some trouble with copyrighted pictures. Once again, I apologize. -- ran [[User talk:Ran|(talk)]] 03:33, Nov 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * Jefferry I apologize for accusing you of being a sockpuppet account of cheung. I should have followed policy and assumed good faith. If you could upload one of the full resolution images that correspond with one of the images above say KMB_APM1_int.JPG for example that would go a long way to putting my mind at rest. Thanks and sorry again for the accusation. Theresa Knott  (Tart, knees hot) 19:59, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Hello, Jefferry, welcome to Wikipedia. I am sorry that you are dragged into the current dispute of the Wikipedia community against User:Cheung1303 (talk). See Requests for comment/Cheung1303 and you will understand what is going on. Things like this do happen, and the key to resolution is communication. So far I have a difficult time communicating with Cheung1303. It may be easier for you to convince him/her that copying images from other websites does not work. I am also from Hong Kong, but am now living in Los Angeles. -- Felix Wan (talk) 00:58, 2004 Nov 23 (UTC)

Never mind! I'm just trying to make sure my images here are legal enough. ;-)

And by the way, how could i deal with the "This image may not have information on its source. It may be usable under fair use but this has yet to be verified....." messages on my images ?

Thanks so much for answering! Jefferry

 * Just edit the page and replace the word unverified with PD or GFDL or CC whichever licence you want to release the images under. Theresa Knott (Tart, knees hot) 21:37, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for all! --Jefferry 09:54, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)

"Noncommercial use" image licenses
Hi Jefferry. I noticed that you tagged Image:Arriva NWalesTrain.JPG with. As explained by Image copyright tags, non-commercial-use only images are not usable by Wikipedia.

Can you please consider putting this image under another license? e.g. public-domain like your other images. Alternatively, the GFDL will effectively prevent many commercial uses, e.g. in magazines, because of its restrictions that derived works be GFDL as well, etc. Another accepted license that has similar provisions is the Creative-commons Sharealike license.

Thanks for your contributions; sorry about the Cheung1303 mixup.

—Steven G. Johnson 00:55, Nov 25, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for changing it to .  —Steven G. Johnson 09:12, Nov 26, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for advice! Jefferry

Images of Liza Wang
Could you please upload the photo of Liza Wang to the article with this exact name? --202.40.210.164 01:03, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Ma On Shan (KCRC)
This article is listed on WP:FAC. Do you agree with my way to do it? --218.103.188.199 13:05, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

HKWNB, HKCOTW, Current events
Hi. I noticed you have edited some Hong Kong-related articles. You might be interested to take a look at HK wikipedians' notice board, HK Collaboration of the Week and Current events in Hong Kong and Macao. Happy editing! — Instantnood 16:17, Mar 28, 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks. — Instantnood 08:59, Apr 4, 2005 (UTC)

Establishment of The Wikimedia Hong Kong
encyclopedist 09:07, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Jefferry


text:
Talk:Jacobi field

Untitled
I'm not sure this page works as it is; it seems as though we are providing two definitions in the initial section. Also, why are we assuming completeness? Best, mat_x 14:57, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * It is not about proving there is a def. and characteristic property, I do not think a proof should be in enciclopedia. If there is no completeness then a Jacobi field(as a solution) can have no correspondent variation of geodesic. I did not finish yet hope it will converge to something in a couple of days Tosha 21:44, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * My point is that the introductory section doesn't seem very clear for someone who doesn't know what a Jacobi field is. Besides, Wikipedia is much more than an encyclopaedia: "In addition to standard encyclopedic knowledge, Wikipedia includes information more often associated with almanacs and gazetteers". But that's not what I was saying. I think the article should begin by saying that in an abstract sense a Jacobi field is a solution to a differential equation, regardless of whether the manifold is complete or not. At the moment is seems as if completeness is being required throughout. mat_x 08:59, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I think the first def is better, it explains what is Jacobi field, while equasion does not explain anything, it is just equasion. Although I agree that equation-def is bit better sinse it works for non-complete spaces, I will make small changes...Tosha

That was why I originally put the motivational example before the 'full' definition. Can you think of a better (shorter) 'real-world' example that could start the article? mat_x 16:20, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * hope you like it better Tosha 22:50, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Whoa, I am of course expressing opinions in terms of what I hope the audience would like, to make the article as accessible, pedagogically, as it needs to be. I'm not just persuing my own agenda. I do think the page is looking better, but what do you think? Do you agree that these changes are good ones? It's important that you're happy as I can't anticipate everyone's opinion. I still have a minor reservation though, in that the definition skips from the 'complete' formulation, to the Jacobi equation, and then back to mentioning completeness. My experience in the class-room tells such a thing's not such a good idea. What do you think about doing that in this medium? mat_x 08:39, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I changed some formulas back, please do not make them wrong again Tosha 21:41, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Yes, I apologize for that mis-edit. Your English has been corrected again, so please be careful with spelling and grammar when editing English language pages. mat_x 19:19, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * ok-ok I exchanched your example with constant curvature, I think it might be bit more useful, English is a prblem for me, but I'm trying... Tosha 06:42, 25 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Physical interpretation
Shouldn't we add a section about the physical interpretation? After all tidal forces are all what's left interpreting gravity as a "force".DvHansen (talk) 18:38, 23 August 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jacobi field