text:
Talk:Xenomorph

Potential Citation Issue
The wikipedia page for Bolaji Badejo puts him at 7'2". A vast difference from the 6'10" figure stated here. Both are un-cited. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 73.161.75.154 (talk) 03:27, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

 * There's a cite at his wiki page for his having been 2.18 metres, which is 7'2", but the article now describes him as 6'10" throughout. Go figure.Tirailleur (talk) 10:22, 17 September 2021 (UTC)

'No Technology'
It is clear in the plot of Alien (and again mentioned in Aliens) that the Xenomorph species had a space ship. It was pictured in both the two movies 1979 and 1986. This article states that:

"Unlike many other extraterrestrial races in science fiction (such as the Daleks and Cybermen in Doctor Who, or the Klingons and Borg in Star Trek), the Aliens are not sapient tool-makers: They lack a technological civilization of any kind"

It is my understanding that this was, in fact an alien spaceship. The Wikipedia article on the 1979 movie states:

"They discover the signal comes from a derelict alien ship and enter it, losing communication with the Nostromo"

The whole premise of the first film was that 'Mother' wakes up the crew to investigate a ships signal.

The second film Aliens shows the small family with newt approaching the same ship from the original and this is what is going to 'make us rich'.

I suggest that someone consider removing the statement about a lack of technology, perhaps suggesting that aliens are instead not perceivable as being reliant on tools.

ArchStudos (talk) 12:21, 6 July 2020 (UTC)
 * That wasn't the Alien's spaceship; it was the Engineers' spaceship.  Serendi pod ous  12:31, 6 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Reverted - also a preference for night does not mean they're exclusively nocturnal. Newt even qualifies the statement with "mostly" meaning they also hunt by day.  Chaheel Riens (talk) 13:12, 6 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Please stop adding in this obsession that the Aliens have technology. There is nothing to support this, and your provided sources of fan-based wikis are not reliable.  Chaheel Riens (talk) 13:43, 7 July 2020 (UTC)

why is the front section about croissants ?? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2604:3D09:1580:9600:24CC:97D1:CF9D:8D11 (talk) 01:49, 4 March 2022 (UTC)

Tedious details
Under the Intelligence section it is stated that the Queen learned to call the lift after observing Ripley do so. The Queen did not call the lift. Ripley did. When she first gets to the lift while attempting to escape the Queen she presses both buttons, thus calling both lifts. After Ripley's escape it is shown the Queen observing the second lift, having already been called, descending. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 208.69.184.59 (talk) 05:06, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

Requested move 27 December 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: moved. There's a consensus to move away from the current title, and additionally, a persuasive argument that it's the primary topic for the term "xenomorph". (closed by non-admin page mover) Sceptre (talk) 22:07, 4 January 2023 (UTC)

– Per WP:NATURAL- the current title is very awkward and although there was a discussion a while back that concluded that Alien was the more commonly used name- I feel as that if it is a natural consequence of being the titular villains of the franchise, similar to the way Ghostface (identity) is oftentimes referred to as "the Killer" by characters of the films even though the proper title for them is Ghostface.
 * Alien (creature in Alien franchise) → Xenomorph
 * Xenomorph → Xenomorph (disambiguation)

Having the page simply titled Xenomorph I feel would be much more natural even if the page itself refers to the species mostly as the Aliens. The existing page of Xenomorph could be moved to Xenomorph (disambiguation). H*adesTTW (he/him • talk) 18:02, 27 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Support Rreagan007 (talk) 18:23, 27 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Support Current title is ridiculous. Xenomorph is a perfect fit for the alien, and users can be redirected from disambiguated pages if they search for alien, no one is searching for the current title, and if they are - they probably need some sort of therapy. GimliDotNet (talk) 09:21, 28 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose per WP:COMMONNAME and WP:CRITERIA. There is nothing "ridiculous" about the current title - the name "Xenomorph" is only known to sci-fi film buffs. In ictu oculi (talk) 09:48, 28 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Only known to sci-fi buffs? The word "xenomorph" is used in Aliens and Alien: Covenant. I would get this argument if it was something used only in extended media or merchandise, but it has precedent in the source material itself.
 * HadesTTW (he/him • talk) 16:53, 29 December 2022 (UTC)

 * https://wikinav.toolforge.org/?language=en&title=Xenomorph indicates less than half the outgoing traffic goes to that target, so the case isn't really strong. It's possible we're actually navigating readers badly, too. I would start just with sorting it up, and revisit in a few months. I also noticed some other formatting issues in the current list that I'll fix shortly. (Done.) It also doesn't make sense to go against WP:COMMONNAME. --Joy [shallot] (talk) 10:21, 28 December 2022 (UTC)

 * Support An article by Dictionary.com about the word xenomorph says: "Regardless of the creators’ original intentions or the objections of some fans, the name xenomorph has shown staying power. News coverage of additions to the Alien series, like 2017’s Alien: Covenant, refers to the aliens as xenomorphs." This is evidence that xenomorph is the common name for the subject. Vigilant Cosmic Penguin (talk | contribs) 🐧 18:17, 2 January 2023 (UTC)

The current name is absolutely stupid and an attempt to avoid a term deemed “in universe”. It’s a contrived title that absolutely no one is naturally navigating to GimliDotNet (talk) 12:21, 28 December 2022 (UTC)

 * It's listed on the first page of Alien, it'd be reasonable to assume a lot of traffic comes from there - if we look at https://wikinav.toolforge.org/?language=en&title=Alien it shows that 142 views came from there. The previous link showed 613 views coming from "Xenomorph". Yet Xenomorph is only 1.76% of the incoming views at https://wikinav.toolforge.org/?language=en&title=Alien_%28creature_in_Alien_franchise%29 because 11300+ come from search engines, 6350 come from unknown sources, 3140 come from the Covenant movie, etc etc. If we want to believe that there should be more 'natural' navigation here, it doesn't square well with all these thousands of page views. And they seem to be apparently successful views, because the outgoing traffic spreads out nicely, it doesn't sound like all those people are in the wrong place. --Joy [shallot] (talk) 14:07, 28 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Sigh, you do know how search engines work don’t you? Hint, google. Xenomorph and it takes you straight to this page. GimliDotNet (talk) 14:57, 28 December 2022 (UTC)
 * There's no need to be condescending. How do you know that people are googling the name "xenomorph" and getting here as opposed to googling "alien" and getting here? --Joy [shallot] (talk) 08:50, 29 December 2022 (UTC)
 * BTW, another reason why it's hard to support the name xenomorph over alien is that there's such a drastic difference between the general usages of these words. For example see the comparison graphs in google books ngrams and google search trends (also without generic 'alien'). Certainly not nearly all of those are references to this creature, but this is indicative of what the typical English reader will understand best. Calling the main alien from the Alien franchise a name that isn't some variant of 'Alien' seems like it would be a peculiar choice for most readers. --Joy [shallot] (talk) 11:23, 29 December 2022 (UTC)

I don’t know people are googling xenomorph, but I wasn’t the one that used search engine results as an argument against calling the article xenomorph, when search engine results have fuck all to do with naming the article due to the way search engines optimise search results better than Wikipedia. GimliDotNet (talk) 11:47, 29 December 2022 (UTC)

 * You seem very emotional about this topic. Perhaps it's time to take a breather. --Joy [shallot] (talk) 15:35, 29 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Please stay on topic and refrain from WP:NPA GimliDotNet (talk) 18:36, 29 December 2022 (UTC)
 * Um, you attacked me above, and then continued with profanities, ignoring the argument completely. I'm telling you very nicely that you need to stop being rude (and casting aspersions is another form of being rude, too). --Joy [shallot] (talk) 13:44, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

I did not attack you, please withdraw that claim. The only person to make a personal attack here is you when you addressed me instead of my argument. I have not ignored your arguments, I have addressed them (search engine results cannot be used as a naming argument as they don’t go off the name). You took offence to that and accused me of being over emotional. That is attacking the person and not the argument. The fact you don’t like profanity is neither here nor there, that was not a personal attack. GimliDotNet (talk) 14:10, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

 * If "Sigh, you do know how search engines work don’t you? Hint, google." is an appropriate level of communication in relation to the argument I laid out, we must be having a very different impression of what a rational argument is supposed to be. I still don't see that what I wrote was addressed, and I fear we're completely off the rails here. If you feel offended by what I wrote, I apologize. (I am fine with profanity, but in this case it was a clear sign that we're not having a productive discussion.) --Joy [shallot] (talk) 17:41, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

I directly address your point. You claimed the thousands of page views (mainly from search engines and “unknown”) was evidence that xenomorph wasn’t a useful name. That’s not what that evidence shows. I’m done here though, as it’s clear you’re not reading what I’ve written GimliDotNet (talk) 19:39, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

 * No, the claim was that we don't have evidence that 98.24% of traffic that doesn't come via a known lookup of "xenomorph" -- was actually the reader looking for "xenomorph", instead of them looking for "alien". That search engines optimize searches better than Wikipedia is likely true, but it is orthogonal to this discussion. Let's say Google &co. all worked around a completely bad Wikipedia title, and are bringing in all these thousands of views a month despite it being misnamed, so how do we only have a couple of discussions in the space of a decade, how are they not bringing more people who would be confused by and complaining about such a bad title? Anyway, I'm also not sure why we'd focus on the search engine traffic only, because that's about a third of the incoming traffic. The remaining two thirds of traffic is more thousands of views that aren't producing commensurate complaints, either. --Joy [shallot] (talk) 22:56, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * Support. Proposed title is more WP:NATURAL and WP:CONCISE; I'm also convinced that it will continue to be WP:RECOGNIZABLE. Currently, 79% of outgoing pageviews on the DAB page go to the creature's article; the creature's article is also |Xenomorph_(band)|Xenomorph_(video_game)|Alien_(creature_in_Alien_franchise) much more heavily viewed than other pages titled "Xenomorph", indicating that it's almost certainly the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC for "Xenomorph". (I'm sympathetic to the argument that readers might search for the creature via the name "Alien", but that's the kind of issue that's better solved by a redirect.) ModernDayTrilobite (talk • contribs) 18:15, 3 January 2023 (UTC)
 * I like the argument linked at WP:NATURAL, but the way you phrased that sentence it sounds like "natural" from WP:CRITERIA. That one, however, is unlikely to be true - most readers or the average reader who is aware of the character wouldn't naturally use the term "xenomorph" for it when the movies about it are called "alien". The other documented aspect of naturalness is what editors use to link the article, so we'd benefit from someone going through Special:WhatLinksHere and examining that (usually a fair bit of manual labor because of pipe links). --Joy (talk) 14:21, 4 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Oppose. The name is a folk usage based on a mistake by fans. The word "xenomorph" is a generic term for extraterrestrial life. It is not and was never intended to be the creature's name. True, "Alien" isn't the creature's name either but at least the name "Alien" conveys that fact and doesn't imply the false claim that "xenomorph" is the creature's name.  Serendi pod ous  18:46, 3 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Support Move, Different name. Moving to Xenomorph (Alien franchise) (an extant redirect) still makes the wording much less clunky and more concise. Jeff UK 15:14, 4 January 2023 (UTC)
 * Move 1 to Xenomorph (Alien franchise), Oppose 2. -- Necrothesp (talk) 16:07, 4 January 2023 (UTC)
 * For the avoidance of doubt, that's exactly what I'm suggesting too, I forgot there are two moves being proposed. Jeff UK 16:27, 4 January 2023 (UTC)

or Lingua foeda acheronsis
should be written as two words, thus: Linguafoeda acheronsis 2A01:CB0C:CD:D800:146A:4BE3:750D:CFE7 (talk) 15:50, 27 March 2023 (UTC)

predalien
I feel like this is a fan-name, and shouldn't be in the article. While yes, Xenomorph is kinda a fan-name as well, but it was referred to as one in Aliens! I've ONLY seen the term Predalien in things like the kill count, but not in shit like actual interviews. can this be changed? Babysharkboss2 was here!! 16:17, 30 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Xenomorph


text:
Fritz Herlen

Fritz Herlen (or Herlin) (before 1449 – October 12, 1491) was a German artist of the early Swabian school, in the 15th century.

Biography
The date and place of Herlen's birth are unknown, but his name is on the roll of the tax-gatherers of Ulm in 1449; and in 1467 he was made citizen and town painter at Nördlingen, because of his acquaintance with Flemish methods of painting.

One of the first of his acknowledged productions is a shrine on one of the altars of the church of Rothenburg on the Tauber, the wings of which were finished in 1466, with seven scenes from the lives of Christ and the Virgin Mary. In the town-hall of Rothenburg is a Madonna and St Catherine of 1467; and in the choir of Nördlingen cathedral a triptych of 1488, representing the Nativity and Christ amidst the Doctors, at the side of a votive Madonna attended by St Joseph and St Margaret as patrons of a family.

In each of these works the painter's name certifies the picture, and the manner is truly that of an artist acquainted with Flemish methods. We are not told under whom Herlen laboured in the Netherlands, but he probably took the same course as Schöngauer and Hans Holbein the Elder, who studied in the school of van der Weyden. His altarpiece at Rothenburg contains groups and figures, as well as forms of action and drapery, which seem copied from those of van der Weyden's or Memlinc's disciples, and the votive Madonna of 1488, whilst characterized by similar features, only displays such further changes as may be accounted for by the master's constant later contact with contemporaries in Swabia.

Herlen had none of the genius of Schöngauer. He failed to acquire the delicacy even of the second-rate men who handed down to Matsys the traditions of the 15th century; but his example was certainly favourable to the development of art in Swabia. By general consent critics have assigned to him a large altar-piece, with scenes from the gospels and figures of St Florian and St Floriana, and a Crucifixion, the principal figure of which is carved in high relief on the surface of a large panel in the church of Dinkelsbuhl.

A Crucifixion, with eight scenes from the New Testament, is shown as his in the cathedral, a Christ in Judgment, with Mary and John, and the Resurrection of Souls in the town-hall of Nördlingen. A small Epiphany, once in the convent of the Minorites of Ulm, is in the Holzschuher collection at Augsburg, a Madonna and Circumcision in the National Museum at Munich. Herlen's epitaph, preserved by Rathgeber, states that he died on October 12, 1491, and was buried at Nördlingen.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Fritz Herlen


text:
Talk:Torah im Derech Eretz

I dont know how to change it, but the picture "personification of virtue" says Derech "im" Eretz.

Why has this section been separated from the section on Samson Rapahel Hirsch and Modern Orthodoxy? That forces us to have the same discussion three times! JFW, you correctly noted that there was some repeated material, which you removed. The reason for the repetition was because the same core topic was repeated. As far as I can tell, it makes no sense to have this article. The subject of what Hirsch meant by Torah im Derech Eretz, and how Modern Orthodox Judaism views it today, should be discussed in their respective articles, in their historical context. Separated like this we only get confusion. I vote for merger of this content with the other two articles, and turn this article into either a redirect or disambiguation page. RK 14:03, Aug 8, 2004 (UTC)

 * Torah im Derech Eretz is more than just SR Hirsch's brainchild. As a philosophy, it can be identified in the writings of the Maharal and other thinkers.
 * I removed your addition because it was a hasty cut-and-paste (even the image markup came along), without any changes to remove superfluous information.
 * The real reason I initially wrote this article was to prevent its colonisation as a purely Modern Orthodox phenomenon. There are thousands of Haredim who adhere to Torah im Derech Eretz as an educational philosophy.
 * If you feel that this article is superfluous, I will agree to a redirect that leads to the article on Hirsch. Anything else would be unacceptable. JFW | T@lk  21:01, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I propose changing the paragraph "The view of Samson Raphael Hirsch" to "Knowledge of culture and society". I think then it will better fit in with the preceding: "Knowledge of the natural world" - also this will allow for other opinions to be discussed here. Hope that's all-right? Fintor 13:38, 29 August 2005 (UTC)
 * This will also entail a slight rewording.. Fintor 14:30, 29 August 2005 (UTC)

Added Torah_im_Derech_Eretz as:
 * 1) derech eretz redirects here and this is one (if not the major) meaning of the phrase;
 * 2) Rav Hirsch emphasised both aspects of derech eretz.

Fintor 13:37, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Plan to address this comment from User:SlimVirgin -

< !--This article often lacks citations for the quotes.--  >

- by inserting links of this type where necessary...

please comment if there are objections :)

Fintor 07:55, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

 * How about Footnote3? JFW | T@lk  12:13, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

 * am beginning the task now... :) will proceed over the next few days Fintor 07:35, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

Hirsch references
Fintor, when linking to Hirsch' writings are you referring to the English translation or to the Gesammelte Schriften published by his son Naftali in the early 20th Century? JFW | T@lk  13:12, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

 * These quotes are - in fact - from the German Gesammelte Schriften, which I have, in turn, seen quoted (in English Translation) in the introductory essays in the recent Feldheim translation. Fintor 14:19, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

Anon edits
An anon is changing "Although usually associated with Modern Orthodox Judaism, the philosophy is also important in Haredi communities" to "The philosophy is important in Haredi communities and sometimes associated with Modern Orthodox Judaism." I'm reverting, but someone more knowledgeable should check the edits. SlimVirgin (talk) 04:27, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * You are correct. JFW | T@lk  07:33, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks, JFW. SlimVirgin (talk) 09:08, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

Elias
Elias's has a program of harmonizng Hirsch with Rav Dessler. His edition of the 19th letters is about half the size of the original and he takes out anything he does not like - references to Schiller and put downs of kabbalah and Eastern European rabbis. See the book review by Rav Danzinger of the Breuer's community in JO where he takes issues with the outright distorian of the edition and introduction. If you want to re-introce Elias it should be as his own section and interpretation. An original 1899 edition of the 19 letters is available online via google books. Please do not undo the article based on the intro.--Jayrav 13:25, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

 * You are entitled to your own opinions. However, Elias is a quoted source and a well-known scholar on Hirsch. Per Wikipedia standards, you must find sources for counter opinions if you'd like them in the article. Any personal accusation you may have concerning Elias is just that- personal and unsourced. True, Shlomo Danziger is also a well known scholar on Hirsch, and in that article in JO he does take issue with Elias on two counts- Hirsch's view of Kabbalah, and the inclusion in the notes of the Torah only school of thought. He does NOT however, take issue with the entire intro and edition and nowhere does he mention Schiller. Please adhere to the rules of Wikipedia and provide sources. 38.117.213.19 (talk)

There are various other sources that have definitely speculated on Kantian, Hegelian and Schillerian influences on Hirsch. That is not to say that these sources are notable, and neither is there any evidence from Hirsch' own work. I think 38.117 is correct that we cannot continue to make these connections without backing them up.

Hirsch, like Maimonides (I'm not sure if he would have been pleased with the parallel), means different things to different people. To the secularists, he is the one who sought harmony with the outside world but remained a reactionary. To the Modern Orthodox, he is one of the "moderates" who does not believe in exclusion from the secular world. To the Haredim, he is the one who defended the faith against Reform and the Wissenschafters. It is imperative that we remain neutral in representing all those views. It is true that Elias wipes the floor with Noah Rosenbloom in his commentary on the Neunzehn Briefe, but that does not mean that Rosenbloom can therefore not be quoted as a legitimate opinion. The reader will be left to draw his own conclusions.

I'm rather bogged down with other work at the moment, but I think this article needs some more work to remain neutral, well-sourced and verifiable. JFW | T@lk  19:05, 25 December 2007 (UTC)

 * The article uses the words "in fact" a lot. A careful editor would probably remove some of them in progress toward NPOV. —Anomalocaris (talk) 09:51, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

Structure
I have changed the section "Background" to "Derech Eretz", as I think this heading is more accurate. I have also partially reverted: the section on Rav Hirsch's philosophy is now its own. I think that this is appropriate, as it refelects the fact that TIDE is a derech of its own. Hope that's OK. Fintor (talk) 08:35, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Torah im Derech Eretz


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Martin Schongauer

Martin Schongauer (c. 1450–53, Colmar – 2 February 1491, Breisach), also known as Martin Schön ("Martin beautiful") or Hübsch Martin ("pretty Martin") by his contemporaries, was an Alsatian engraver and painter. He was the most important printmaker north of the Alps before Albrecht Dürer, a younger artist who collected his work. Schongauer is the first German painter to be a significant engraver, although he seems to have had the family background and training in goldsmithing which was usual for early engravers.

The bulk of Schongauer's surviving production is 116 engravings, all with his monogram but none dated, which were well known not only in Germany, but also in Italy and even made their way to England and Spain. Vasari says that Michelangelo copied one of his engravings, in the Trial of Saint Anthony. His style shows no trace of Italian influence, but a very clear and organised Gothic, which draws from both German and Early Netherlandish painting.

Recent scholarship, building on the work of Max Lehrs, attributes 116 engravings to him, with many also being copied by other artists (including his monogram), as was common in the period. His prolific contemporary Israhel van Meckenem did close copies of 58 engravings, exactly half of Schongauer's output, and took motifs or figures from more, as well as apparently engraving some drawings that are now lost.

There are some fine drawings, including ones dated and signed with his monogram, and a surviving few paintings in oil and fresco.

Biography
Schongauer was born about 1450–53 in Colmar, Alsace, the third of four or five sons of Caspar Schongauer, a goldsmith and patrician from Augsburg who moved to Colmar about 1440; Caspar became a master of the goldsmith's guild in 1445, which probably required a residence of five years. He presumably taught his son the art of engraving, which is a distinct and difficult skill that goldsmiths had long used on metal vessels. Two of his brothers worked as goldsmiths in Colmar, while another also became a painter. Colmar is now in France but was then part of the Holy Roman Empire and German-speaking.

Most unusually for a Gothic or Renaissance artist, he was sent to university, presumably with the intention of turning him into a priest or lawyer, and matriculated at the University of Leipzig in 1465, but seems to have left after a year. At this time university students often began at the age of twelve or thirteen. He was traditionally thought to have been trained as an engraver by Master E. S., but scholars now doubt this, partly because Schongauer's prints took some time to develop the technical advances that a pupil of Master E. S. would have been taught.

He is thought to have trained as a painter with Colmar's main local master Caspar Isenmann (d. 1472), a neighbour of his parents, who was greatly influenced by the Early Netherlandish painting of Rogier van der Weyden and others, and had perhaps studied in the Netherlands, and Schongauer's few surviving pictures reflect this. This was probably around 1466 and 1469; he was recorded as back in Colmar in 1469. His older brother Ludwig Schongauer had probably preceded him in the workshop.

His earlier engravings also show clear influences from several Early Netherlandish painters, suggesting that he followed the traditional pattern of a wanderjahre travelling at the end of his training. One drawing, dated 1469, is a copy of the figure of Christ in Rogier van der Weyden's Beaune Altarpiece, presumably made in front of the painting. Various details of costume, and the exotic plants in the Rest on the Flight into Egypt, have suggested to some scholars that he also visited Spain, and possibly Portugal.

He returned to Colmar and had established a workshop by 1471, when payments were made for an altarpiece for the Dominican church there, which is now in the museum and regarded as a workshop production. His Madonna of the Rose Bower, long displayed in the church in Colmar it was made for, but moved to the Dominican church nearby in 1973, is dated 1473 (his only dated painting). Its style corresponds with the earliest of his engravings, which have been placed in a broadly agreed sequence based on their technique and style, both of which show considerable development. In some cases a terminus ante quem is provided by copies in various media that can be dated.

The economics of fifteenth-century printmaking are unclear, and though his prints spread his fame widely across Europe, he may have relied more on the income from his "major vocation" of painting.

He died in Breisach in 1491, perhaps before reaching the age of forty. He had been engaged since 1488 in painting a large Last Judgment in the cathedral there, and was recorded as a citizen there in June 1489. This was the largest mural painting north of the Alps, and was incomplete at his death.

The following year Dürer, on his wanderjahre, travelled to Colmar to meet him, only to find he had died. Dürer was an admirer who collected his drawings and no doubt prints. His own print of the Flight into Egypt, in his Life of the Virgin series, includes the same two exotic trees as Schongauer's, as an hommage. In Germany Dürer, whose prints became known over the decade following, was seen as the next leader of the tradition Schongauer had dominated for twenty years.

His pupils included Hans Burgkmair the Elder, the Augsburg-based painter and designer of woodcuts (but not engravings), who was with him from 1488 to 1490. The painted portrait of Schongauer, with his coat of arms at top left, is unusual for a fifteenth-century artist, but the panel now in Munich appears to be made well after his death, and is perhaps a copy of a drawing or painting made at the date on the painting, 1483. It is attributed to Hans Burgkmair the Elder, and the lost original may have been by his father, Thoman Burgkmair, who very plausibly met Schongauer in Augsburg, where Schongauer is recorded as at least visiting.

Another of Schongauer's pupils, the painter Urbain Huter, has long been considered as the main author of the Buhl Altarpiece, a work very close in design and execution both to Schongauer's own engravings and to the production of Schongauer's painting workshop. Some engravers whose prints are often copies of Schongauer's, and whose original compositions are close to his style, are assumed to have been pupils of his. These include Master i.e, attributed with 55 prints by Lehrs, 31 copies of his master, Master BM, and Master A G, attributed with 34 prints, 13 copies of his master.

Engravings
One hundred and sixteen engravings are generally recognised as by his hand. Many of his pupils' plates as well as his own are signed, M†S, as are many copies probably by artists with no connection to him. He is thought to have begun signing engravings in the early 1470s. The rarest survives in three impressions, and unlike most other printmakers of the century, examples have probably survived of all the engravings he made.

The great majority of his subjects are religious, but there are a handful of comic scenes of ordinary life such as the early Peasant Family Going to Market or the Two Apprentices Fighting, which may reflect his background in a goldsmith's house. A print of an elephant is a unique venture into the popular "prodigy" genre; it turns out that an elephant was indeed being toured around Germany in 1483, before drowning in a canal near Muiden.

He also produced nine of the first ornament prints, initially intended to be used by craftsmen in various media, including woodcarvers and goldsmiths, as patterns for the elaborate and sophisticated designs. There are also two prints of metalwork objects, a censer and crosier.

From his family background and time at university he was no doubt familiar with the emerging bourgeoisie of trade and the professions who provided the core market for high quality engravings, but the subjects from classical mythology so popular in German prints of the next century, and already present in Italian ones, do not appear at all in his work.

The generally agreed sequence of his engravings shows an increasing sophistication of technique, but the most crowded and detailed, but highly organized, compositions are placed rather early, with "late-Gothic complexity" giving way to simpler compositions with more empty space and "an almost classical orderliness and decorum". But some of the busy early prints were his most popular and influential, as shown by the number of copies of them. These include The Temptation of St Anthony, the [Rest on] the Flight into Egypt, Death of the Virgin and Christ Carrying the Cross.

There are a number of series of engravings which show this development, from the twelve "crowded and turbulent" scenes in the Passion series, perhaps of about 1480, through the Twelve Apostles, and the circular coats of arms with wild men, to the late circular Evangelist's symbols and the Wise and Foolish Virgins, perhaps of around 1490. By the time of his pair showing the Annuciation with each figure occupying its own sheet, often thought to be his last prints, the background is only represented by a simple groundline.

He went beyond Master E. S. in the system of depicting volume by means of cross-hatching (lines in two directions) which was further developed by Dürer, and was the first engraver to curve parallel lines, probably by rotating the plate against a steady burin. He also developed a burin technique producing deeper lines on the plate, which meant that more impressions could be taken before the plate became worn.

According to Arthur Mayger Hind, Schongauer was one of the first German engravers to "rise above the Gothic limitations both of setting and type" and that he "actualises an idea of beauty which in its nearer approach to more absolute ideals appeals to a far more universal appreciation" than earlier engravers such as Master E. S.

With Master E.S., he was the first northern printmaker not only to have his prints very widely copied by other printmakers, but to have his designs taken by painters, sculptors and artists in all media. The demons in his The Temptation of St Anthony established the hybrids of fish, bird and insect types followed by Hieronymus Bosch and other artists throughout the next century.

Major print rooms possess good collections of Schongauer's prints, most of which are relatively common for fifteenth-century prints, although impressions vary in quality a good deal. The different watermarks found suggest that impressions were printed over considerable periods, with most made when the copper plates were showing signs of wear. The Rest on the Flight into Egypt survives in some sixty impressions, though only seven are "of the first quality". For the large Christ Carrying the Cross, the largest engraving yet made, the equivalent figures are about seventy and fifteen.

Paintings
Only a few of his paintings survived, the most notable being the Madonna in the Rose Garden painted for St Martin's Church, Colmar and today displayed in the Dominican church nearby. This is a German subject, associated in particular with Cologne and Stephan Lochner, but Schongauer gives it a treatment very much in the Netherlandish style. It has been cut down at the top and sides to fit the elaborate later carved frame.

The Musée d´Unterlinden in Colmar possesses the largest collection. Two double-sided shutters (probably made to surround a sculpted central section) from the "Orlier Altarpiece", dated c. 1470–75, show the Annunciation on the outer faces and a Nativity and Saint Anthony with donor portrait within. These are regarded as largely the work of the master, while the twenty-four panels from the doors of an altarpiece for the Dominican church are regarded as mainly painted by the workshop, no doubt to his designs. A Nativity in Berlin is attributed to him.

The small Holy Family in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna is close in style to his engravings, and not much larger than some. Many everyday details, such as the grapes in the basket, the wheat carried by Joseph, and the flask of water in the niche in the wall, can be treated as allusions to the theology of the subject, in the tradition of Netherlandish painting.

A watercolour and gouache study of paeony leaves and flowers (now Getty Museum) surfaced in 1988; it relates to the flowers in the Madonna in the Rose Garden.

The Breisach frescos remain on the west and south walls of the cathedral, though "in ruinous condition".

title: Martin Schongauer


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Mike Tice

Michael Peter Tice (born February 2, 1959) is a former American football tight end and coach. He played college football at the University of Maryland, College Park and spent 11 seasons playing in the National Football League (NFL) before spending 22 seasons as a coach, including four seasons as the Minnesota Vikings head coach.

Playing career
Tice attended the University of Maryland, College Park where he played quarterback. He played tight end in the National Football League (NFL) from 1981 to 1995 with the Seattle Seahawks, Washington Redskins and Minnesota Vikings.

Tice was inducted into the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame on Long Island in the Coaches and Football Categories with the Class of 2013.

Minnesota Vikings
Immediately after his retirement from playing, Tice joined the Vikings' coaching staff, serving first as tight ends coach (1996) and offensive line coach (1997–2001). Tice took over head coaching duties on an interim basis for the final game of the 2001 season, replacing Dennis Green. On January 10, 2002, Tice was named the 6th head coach in franchise history, Bud Grant having been both 2nd and 4th. He was the first former Viking player to assume the role.

In 2002, the Vikings led the NFL in rushing for the first time in team history, and in 2003, they led the league in total offense for the first time. A season later, the Vikings broke team records with 6,339 total yards and 4,754 passing yards and scored 50 touchdowns.

In March 2005, the NFL began to investigate Tice for organizing and profiting from a Super Bowl ticket scalping operation within the Vikings organization. He later admitted that these charges were true and the NFL fined him $100,000 on June 30, 2005. At the time, it was the largest fine ever handed down to a head coach in NFL history, and is still the largest for a head coach who does not also have the title or powers of general manager.

Tice was also the head coach during the Minnesota Vikings boat party scandal which occurred in October 2005. Some commentators believe that this incident led to his demise in Minnesota.

Tice's contract with the Minnesota Vikings was allowed to expire after the last game of the 2005 season on January 1, 2006. The Vikings had just defeated the Chicago Bears, but a loss to the Baltimore Ravens eliminated the Vikings from playoff contention and effectively sealed Tice's fate. During his tenure of more than four years as the Vikings head coach, he had a regular season record of 32-33-0, while going 1-1 in the playoffs. Also during his tenure, the Vikings recorded an NFL record for the most consecutive games with over 300 yards of offense with 36.

Jacksonville Jaguars
Tice was hired as assistant head coach/offense of Jacksonville by Jack Del Rio, another former Viking.

Chicago Bears
On January 15, 2010, Tice was hired as offensive line coach for the Chicago Bears. On October 3, 2010 his offensive line allowed 9 sacks in one half to the New York Giants. On September 17, 2010, against the Cowboys, his line only gave up one sack and held DeMarcus Ware, one of the leading sackers since he came into the NFL, sackless. Despite this, the Bears allowed 105 sacks in his two years as offensive line coach.

On January 6, 2012, the Bears promoted Tice to offensive coordinator, filling the void left by the resignation of Mike Martz.

On January 16, 2013, the Bears hired Marc Trestman to be the Bears new head coach after Lovie Smith was fired. It was also announced that the Bears had hired Aaron Kromer to replace Tice as offensive coordinator and offensive line coach. Tice was dismissed by the Bears on January 17, 2013.

Atlanta Falcons
Tice was hired to be the Atlanta Falcons offensive line coach in January 2014.

Oakland Raiders
Tice was hired to be the Oakland Raiders offensive line coach in January 2015. On February 6, 2018, Tice announced that he was retiring from coaching. He said that he was ready to move on from the coaching ranks because “players today don't want to be coached."

Personal life
Mike Tice is the older brother of John Tice, also a former tight end at the University of Maryland, who played ten seasons in the NFL with the New Orleans Saints. John was an assistant coach for the Vikings in Mike's tenure. His son, Nate, was a quarterback for the Wisconsin Badgers and became an NFL writer and podcaster after working in the back office for NFL teams. During Mike's time with Seattle, his teammates referred to his eating style as "Mike Tice's Lunchout" in a humorous parody of the then popular video game, Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!! Tice currently lives in the Seattle area with his wife, Diane.

title: Mike Tice


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Henry Hawtrey

Henry Courtenay Hawtrey (29 June 1882 – 16 November 1961) was a British track and field athlete, winner of 5 mi run at the 1906 Summer Olympics. He was born in Southampton and died in Aldershot.

The British were the leading force in the long-distance running in early 1900s. Although the most celebrated long-distance runner Alfred Shrubb had turned to professional just before the 1906 "intercalated" Olympics of, the Britons sent a very good team to Athens.

Henry Hawtrey took the lead after 2 mi and won easily, beating second-placed runner John Svanberg from Sweden by 50 yd. The Britons used good teamwork to aid Hawtrey to win, as third-placed Irishman John Daly was disqualified because he blocked the Swedish runner's way several times.

Hawtrey served with the Royal Engineers in the First World War. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1918 New Year Honours.

title: Henry Hawtrey


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User talk:IndigoGenius/Jus cerebri electronici

User:IndigoGenius/Jus cerebri electronici has survived vfd. I count the votes as 17 delete, 11 keep, some abstentions. See: Wikipedia:Votes for deletion/User:IndigoGenius/Jus cerebri electronici -- Wile E. Heresiarch 04:54, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

You'll note that User:IndigoGenius/Micronation has been deleted following VfD. This is similarly a violation of the guidelines on userpages, but I thought I'd give you the opportunity to list it as a speedy deletion candidate or to blank it and redirect to your main userpage before listing it there. Thank you. Snowspinner 14:24, Aug 8, 2004 (UTC)


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Mathias Färm

Each of these is a breakout from a relatively minor Swedish skate-punk band. I will add the information found in each of these individual articles to the band's article. At present, they're substubs unlikely to ever grow. The information will be preserved, but no indication that any band member has achieved individual fame. Geogre 14:25, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Delete all: fancruft and/or vanity, no evidence of notability. Wile E. Heresiarch 19:21, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Wile, while I agree with your general disdain for vanity and ephemeral pop culture in Wikipedia, you might want to do at least a tiny amount of checking before you say "no evidence of notability" or suggest that something might be vanity. A look at the Millencolin article should be a clue that this isn't a garage band. Isomorphic 07:04, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Delete, possibly merging. --Ianb 22:06, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Neutral. "Millencolin" gets 362,000 google hits, and I can vouch for the fact that they're a reasonably well-known group within the punk genre. However, I don't know anything about the individual members. Isomorphic 06:45, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Comment: Isomorphic, no one is suggesting a delete of the Millecolin article. I'm planning, in fact, on taking all the information from these 4 breakouts and adding it all to the Millecolin article. I only nominated these 4 substub breakouts because they seem to be the work of someone a little overly zealous. Most of them say, "(birthday) plays guitar/drums/bass for Millecolin." One says, "designed the album covers." None of these individuals, as individuals, have sufficient notability, to me. Geogre 12:38, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I understood. I just wanted to clarify that the band at least is notable. Considering what gets submitted to Wikipedia, calling a band "relatively minor" on VfD conjures up images of garage bands and local acts. Millencolin has an international fan base, and while these individuals probably don't need their own articles, it's certainly not vanity. Isomorphic 04:28, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Keep - Millencolin is not a "relatively minor Swedish skate-punk band". It was the biggest Swedish skate-punk band at the time the skate-punk genre was popular. And Geogre, it is not "either or", you can still improve the Millencolin page even if there exists pages for the group memebers too. Eric B. and Rakim 17:07, 10 Aug 2004 (UTC) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion/Mathias_F%E4rm"


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Maggie Wheeler

Maggie Wheeler (née Jakobson) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Janice on the television sitcom Friends (1994–2004), and Anita on Ellen (1994–1996).

Early life and education
Wheeler is the daughter of Barbara, a writer, and John Jakobson, who began his career on Wall Street as one of the youngest members of the New York Stock Exchange. She was raised in a secular Jewish household and graduated from The Calhoun School in New York City.

Career
In the 1980s, Wheeler (under her maiden name of Jakobson) briefly dabbled in voice acting. In the animated series SilverHawks, she voiced not only the villainess Melodia and the heroine Steelheart/Emily Hart, but all of the female characters; she also worked on the Karate Kat and Mini-Monsters segments of The Comic Strip. In 1989 she appeared in the live-action film, New Year's Day, alongside David Duchovny.

After she became Maggie Wheeler, it was rumored that she auditioned for the role of Monica Geller in Friends. She denied this in an interview, stating that she only auditioned for the role of Janice Goralnik, which she was invited to play. Janice was a recurring character of the series and particularly known as a frequent love interest of main character Chandler Bing. She featured in 19 episodes, appearing at least once in each season.

She also auditioned for the role of Debra Barone, on the American sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond. Although she was the producers' choice, CBS ended up selecting Patricia Heaton. Instead, Wheeler played the recurring role of Debra's friend, Linda.

According to Kathy Griffin's autobiography, Official Book Club Selection, Wheeler was cast in the role of Vicki for the pilot episode of Suddenly Susan and was later replaced by Griffin.

She had a star billing in the first season of Ellen. She appeared on the hit comedy Seinfeld in the episode "The Fix-Up", as one of Elaine's friends who is set up with George. She has appeared in many other television programs, including Drake & Josh, ER, The X-Files, The War at Home, Will & Grace, Jack and Jill, How I Met Your Mother and Curb Your Enthusiasm.

In 1997, Wheeler voiced Harley Quinn's replacement in the Batman: The Animated Series episode "Joker's Millions".

In 1998, she appeared in the remake of Disney's The Parent Trap, playing the younger of a mother-daughter pair of camp counselors. Wheeler provided the voice of Odile in Barbie of Swan Lake, and Trinette in the animated sitcom Archer.

In 2011, she guest-starred in the Disney Channel series Shake It Up as Dina's mother.

Personal life
She has been married to sculptor Daniel Borden Wheeler since 1990.

title: Maggie Wheeler


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Place Vendome

Place Vendome may refer to:
 * Place Vendôme, a square in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France
 * Place Vendôme (film), a 1998 French film
 * Place Vendome (band), a rock band
 * Place Vendome (Place Vendome album), their 2005 debut album
 * Place Vendôme (Swingle Singers with MJQ album), a jazz album by the Swingle Singers and the Modern Jazz Quartet (1966)

title: Place Vendome


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Stationary point

In mathematics, particularly in calculus, a stationary point of a differentiable function of one variable is a point on the graph of the function where the function's derivative is zero. Informally, it is a point where the function "stops" increasing or decreasing (hence the name).

For a differentiable function of several real variables, a stationary point is a point on the surface of the graph where all its partial derivatives are zero (equivalently, the gradient has zero norm). The notion of stationary points of a real-valued function is generalized as critical points for complex-valued functions.

Stationary points are easy to visualize on the graph of a function of one variable: they correspond to the points on the graph where the tangent is horizontal (i.e., parallel to the $x$-axis). For a function of two variables, they correspond to the points on the graph where the tangent plane is parallel to the $xy$ plane.

The notion of a stationary point allows the mathematical description of an astronomical phenomenon that was unexplained before the time of Copernicus. A stationary point is the point in the apparent trajectory of the planet on the celestial sphere, where the motion of the planet seems to stop, before restarting in the other direction (see apparent retrograde motion). This occurs because of the projection of the planet orbit into the ecliptic circle.

Turning points
A turning point of a differentiable function is a point at which the derivative has an isolated zero and changes sign at the point. A turning point may be either a relative maximum or a relative minimum (also known as local minimum and maximum). A turning point is thus a stationary point, but not all stationary points are turning points. If the function is twice differentiable, the isolated stationary points that are not turning points are horizontal inflection points. For example, the function $$x \mapsto x^3$$ has a stationary point at x = 0, which is also an inflection point, but is not a turning point.

Classification

Isolated stationary points of a $$C^1$$ real valued function $$f\colon \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$$ are classified into four kinds, by the first derivative test:

 * a local minimum (minimal turning point or relative minimum) is one where the derivative of the function changes from negative to positive;
 * a local maximum (maximal turning point or relative maximum) is one where the derivative of the function changes from positive to negative;
 * a rising point of inflection (or inflexion) is one where the derivative of the function is positive on both sides of the stationary point; such a point marks a change in concavity;
 * a falling point of inflection (or inflexion) is one where the derivative of the function is negative on both sides of the stationary point; such a point marks a change in concavity.

The first two options are collectively known as "local extrema". Similarly a point that is either a global (or absolute) maximum or a global (or absolute) minimum is called a global (or absolute) extremum. The last two options—stationary points that are not local extrema—are known as saddle points.

By Fermat's theorem, global extrema must occur (for a $$C^1$$ function) on the boundary or at stationary points.

Curve sketching
Determining the position and nature of stationary points aids in curve sketching of differentiable functions. Solving the equation (x) = 0 returns the x-coordinates of all stationary points; the y-coordinates are trivially the function values at those x-coordinates. The specific nature of a stationary point at x can in some cases be determined by examining the second derivative (x):
 * If (x) < 0, the stationary point at x is concave down; a maximal extremum.
 * If (x) > 0, the stationary point at x is concave up; a minimal extremum.
 * If (x) = 0, the nature of the stationary point must be determined by way of other means, often by noting a sign change around that point.

A more straightforward way of determining the nature of a stationary point is by examining the function values between the stationary points (if the function is defined and continuous between them).

A simple example of a point of inflection is the function f(x) = x3. There is a clear change of concavity about the point x = 0, and we can prove this by means of calculus. The second derivative of f is the everywhere-continuous 6x, and at x = 0,  = 0, and the sign changes about this point. So x = 0 is a point of inflection.

More generally, the stationary points of a real valued function $$f\colon \mathbb{R}^{n} \to \mathbb{R}$$ are those points x0 where the derivative in every direction equals zero, or equivalently, the gradient is zero.

Examples
For the function f(x) = x4 we have '(0) = 0 and '(0) = 0. Even though (0) = 0, this point is not a point of inflection. The reason is that the sign of (x) changes from negative to positive.

For the function f(x) = sin(x) we have '(0) ≠ 0 and '(0) = 0. But this is not a stationary point, rather it is a point of inflection. This is because the concavity changes from concave downwards to concave upwards and the sign of (x) does not change; it stays positive.

For the function f(x) = x3 we have '(0) = 0 and '(0) = 0. This is both a stationary point and a point of inflection. This is because the concavity changes from concave downwards to concave upwards and the sign of (x) does not change; it stays positive.

For the function f(x) = 0, one has '(0) = 0 and '(0) = 0. The point 0 is a non-isolated stationary point which is not a turning point nor a horizontal point of inflection as the signs of '(x) and '(x) do not change.

The function f(x) = x5 sin(1/x) for x ≠ 0, and f(0) = 0, gives an example where '(x) and '(x) are both continuous, '(0) = 0 and '(0) = 0, and yet f(x) does not have a local maximum, a local minimum, nor a point of inflection at 0. So, $0$ is a stationary point that is not isolated.

title: Stationary point


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James S. White

James Springer White (August 4, 1821 – August 6, 1881), also known as Elder White, was a co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and husband of Ellen G. White. In 1849 he started the first Sabbatarian Adventist periodical entitled The Present Truth, in 1855 he relocated the fledgling center of the movement to Battle Creek, Michigan, and in 1863 played a pivotal role in the formal organization of the denomination. He later played a major role in the development of the Adventist educational structure beginning in 1874 with the formation of Battle Creek College.

Early life

James White was born on August 4, 1821, in the town of Palmyra, Maine. The fifth of nine children, James was a sickly child who suffered fits and seizures. Poor eyesight prevented him from obtaining much education and he was required to work on the family farm. At age 19 his eyesight improved and he enrolled at a local academy. He earned a teaching certificate in the common branches and briefly taught at an elementary school. He was baptized into the Christian Connexion at age 15. He learned of the Millerite message from his parents and after hearing powerful preaching at an advent camp meeting in Exeter, Maine, White decided to leave teaching and become a preacher. Consequently, he has ordained a minister of the Christian Connexion in 1843. White was a powerful preacher, and it is recorded that during the winter of 1843, 1,000 people accepted the Millerite message owing to his preaching. At times, however, White was met with angry mobs who hurled snowballs at him. During these early travels he met Ellen G. Harmon whom he married on August 30, 1846. James White and Ellen G. White had four boys, Henry Nichols (1847–1863), James Edson (1849–1928), William Clarence (1854–1937) and John Herbert (1860–1860).

Adventist service
The paper which James White initially started, "The Present Truth", was combined with another periodical called the "Advent Review" in 1850 to become the "Second Advent Review and Sabbath Herald", still published as the "Adventist Review" today. This periodical became the main source of communication for the Sabbatarian Adventist movement regarding points of doctrine and organization. It also became a venue for James and Ellen White to quickly and efficiently share their views to like-minded believers. James White served as editor of the periodical until 1851 when he invited Uriah Smith to become editor. He played a senior role in the management of church publications as president of the Review and Herald Publishing Association. He also served on several occasions as president of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists.(1865–1867; 1869–1871; 1874–1880).

In 1865 White suffered from a paralytic stroke. White eventually determined that he should retire from the ministry and live out his days gracefully. In 1880, G. I. Butler replaced him as General Conference president. During the summer of 1881, White came down with a fever and was taken to the Battle Creek Sanitarium. Despite the efforts of Dr. Kellogg, White died on August 6, 1881.

Publications
White was a prolific writer and publisher for the Adventists. Some of his most popular publications include:

 * Life Incidents (1868). Republished by Andrews University Press with an introduction by Jerry Moon (publisher's page)
 * Word to the Little Flock, 1847 Pamphlet
 * Signs of the Times, 1853
 * Life Incidents, 1868 Steam Press
 * Selections from Life Incidents, 1868 Steam Press
 * A Solemn Appeal Relative to Solitary Vice, and the Abuses and Excesses in Marriage Relation, 1870 Steam Press
 * Sermons on The Coming and Kingdom of Our Lord Jesus Christ, 1870 Steam Press
 * Sketches of the Christian Life and Public Labors of William Miller, 1875 Steam Press
 * The Sounding of the Seven Trumpets of Revelation 8 & 9, 1875 Steam Press
 * The Second Coming of Christ, Matthew 24, 1876
 * Early Life & Experiences of Joseph Bates, 1877 Steam Press
 * Biblical Institute, 1878 Steam Press
 * Life Sketches, 1880 Steam Press

Resources

 * Gerald Wheeler. James White: Innovator and Overcomer. Review and Herald, 2003

title: James S. White


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Sir Purr

Sir Purr is the mascot of the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League. He is an anthropomorphized panther wearing a Panthers football jersey, No.00.

On his page at the Panthers' web site, he describes his favorites snacks as "birds like falcons and eagles and seahawks." He has a running rivalry with Jaxson de Ville, the mascot of the Jacksonville Jaguars (the Panthers' expansion brethren). Sir Purr also has family that occasionally joins him in games, such as Mini Meow, a younger version of Sir Purr.

He caused a stir in a 1996 game against the Pittsburgh Steelers; on a Panthers punt, he jumped on the ball even though it was a live ball, turning the play into a touchback. In 2020, Sir Purr made a number of headlines when Panthers wide receiver Robby Anderson mistook him for a bear. This created a running joke within the Panthers organization which is still referenced today in Sir Purr's Instagram bio.

Charitable Outreach Programs
Sir Purr engages in a number of philanthropic ventures on behalf on the Panthers throughout North Carolina and South Carolina. These programs include the "Purr's Pals" program and the "Sack the Test program." These ventures tend to be directed towards children due to Sir Purr's kid friendly appearance. Purr's Pal's is a program that gives away tickets to Panther's home games to children through the Big Brother Big Sister organization. The Sack the Test program intends to prepare Carolinian kids for standardized testing.

Alternative Outfits
Sir Purr has been seen in many outfits during his time as the Panthers' mascot. These include but are not limited to a Santa Claus suit, a camouflage military outfit, A suit resembling that of Uncle Sam, and a Fred Flintstone Halloween costume.

title: Sir Purr


text:
Khasi people

The Khasi people are an ethnic group of Meghalaya in north-eastern India with a significant population in the bordering state of Assam, and in certain parts of Bangladesh. Khasi people form the majority of the population of the eastern part of Meghalaya, that is Khasi Hills, constituting 78.3% of the region's population, and is the state's largest community, with around 48% of the population of Meghalaya. They are among the few Austroasiatic-speaking peoples in South Asia. The Khasi tribe holds the distinction of being one of the few remaining tribes that have a matrilineal society. Under the Constitution of India, the Khasis have been granted the status of Scheduled Tribe.

Khasi mythology
Khasi mythology traces the tribe's original abode to 'Ki Hynñiewtrep ("The Seven Huts"). According to the Khasi mythology, U Blei Trai Kynrad (God, the Lord Master) had originally distributed the human race into 16 heavenly families (Khadhynriew Trep). However, seven out of these 16 families were stuck on earth while the other 9 in heaven. According to the myth, a heavenly ladder resting on the sacred Lum Sohpetbneng Peak (located in the present-day Ri-Bhoi district) enabled people to go freely and frequently to heaven whenever they pleased until one day they were tricked into cutting a divine tree which was situated at Lum Diengiei Peak (also in present-day East Khasi Hills district), a grave error which prevented them access to the heavens forever. This myth is often seen as a metaphor of how nature and trees, in particular, are the manifestation of the divine on Earth and destroying nature and trees means severing our ties with the Divine. Like the Japanese, the Khasis use the rooster as a symbol because they believe that it was he who aroused God and also humbly paved and cleared the path for God to create the Universe at the beginning of time. The rooster is the symbol of morning marking a new beginning and a new sunrise.

Khasian is closely related to Palaungic language of Myanmar. Pre-Khasian migrated through Upper Burma to Brahmaputra Valley on the way to Meghalaya.

Language
The Khasi language is classified as part of the Austroasiatic language family. According to Peter Wilhelm Schmidt, the Khasi people are related to the Mon-Khmer people of Southeast Asia. Multiple types of research indicate that the Austroasiatic populations in the Indian subcontinent are derived from migrations from Southeast Asia during the Holocene period. Many of the words are similar to other Austroasiatic languages such as Palaung and Khmer language:

 * Tiger: khla in both Khasi and Khmer.
 * To fly: her in Khasi, haer in Khmer
 * Belly: kpoh in Khasi, poh in Khmer, bụng in Vietnamese.
 * New:  thymme or thymmai in Khasi, thmei or thmai in Khmer, mới in Vietnamese
 * Year: snem in Khasi, chnem in Khmer, năm in Vietnamese
 * Far: jngai in Khasi, chngay in Khmer, ngay in Vietnamese
 * Leaf: sla or 'la in Khasi, slaek in Khmer, lá in Vietnamese
 * Crab: tham in Khasi, ktam in Khmer
 * Fingers: preamti in only the pnar dialect (Khasi sub-tribe), mreamdai in Khmer, ngon tây in Vietnamese.
 * Toes: preamjat in the pnar dialect (Khasi sub-tribe)], mreamcheung in Khmer, ngon chân in Vietnamese.
 * Children: khun, khon, or kon in Khasi, kaun, kon in Khmer, con in Vietnamese
 * Birds: sim in Khasi, 'chim in Vietnamese
 * Eyes: khmat or 'mat in Khasi, mắt in Vietnamese
 * Fish: 'kha in Khasi, cá in Vietnamese
 * Mother: mei in Khasi, Mae in Khmer, mẹ in Vietnamese, mea also in the Thai a kra-dai language family
 * Rice: Khaw in Khasi, Sraw or Angkhor or bay in Khmer, gạo in Vietnamese; in Thai also khaw
 * Python: Thlen in Khasi, Pos thlan (snake) in Khmer.

There are also words similar to those in Sino-Tibetan languages, such as nga meaning "I," which is the same in Tibetan, Burmese, and Old Chinese as it is in Khasi. Traces of connections with the Kachin tribe of North Myanmar have also been in the Khasis. The Khasi people also have their own word for the Himalayan mountains which is Ki Lum Mankashang which means that at one point in time, they did cross the mighty mountains. Therefore, all these records and their present culture, features, and language strongly show that they also have a strong Tibeto-Himalayan-Burman influence. The word "Khas" means hills and they have always been people of cold and hilly regions and have never been connected to the plains or arid regions. This nature-loving tribe calls the wettest place on Earth their home. The village of Mawsynram in Meghalaya receives 467 inches of rain per year.

Primarily an oral language, they had no script of their own, until the arrival of the Welsh missionaries. The Welsh missionaries originally used the Bengali script before resorting to the Roman script to transcribe the Sohra dialect of the Khasi language. Particularly significant in this regard was a Welsh evangelist, Thomas Jones.

Modern times
The Khasi first came in contact with the British in 1823, after the latter captured Assam. The area inhabited by the Khasi became a part of the Assam Province after the Khasi Hill States (which numbered to about 25 kingdoms) entered into a subsidiary alliance with the British.

The main crops produced by the Khasi people are betel leaves, areca nut, oranges, pineapples, plums, litchis, local varieties of rice and vegetables.

Geographical distribution and sub-groups

Many Khasi sociologists classify the Khasi tribe in the following seven sub-tribes, which are collectively also known as 'Khasi':

 * Khynriam (or Nongphlang): inhabit the uplands of the East Khasi Hills district.
 * Pnar (or Synteng) live in the uplands of the Jaintia Hills district.
 * Bhoi live in the lower hills to the north and north-east of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills towards the Brahmaputra valley in a vast area in Ri-Bhoi district.
 * War subdivided into War-Jaintia and War-Khynriam tribes live on the steep southern slopes of Khasi Hills leading to Bangladesh.
 * Maram inhabit the uplands of the central parts of West Khasi Hills District.
 * Lyngngam inhabit the western parts of the West Khasi Hills  district bordering the Garo Hills display linguistic and cultural characteristics which show influences from both the Khasis to their east and the Garo people to the west.
 * Diko are extinct group who once inhabited the lowlands of the West Khasi Hills District.

According to the 2011 Census of India, over 1.41 million Khasi lived in Meghalaya in the districts of East Khasi Hills, West Khasi Hills, South West Khasi Hills, Eastern West Khasi Hills, Ri-Bhoi, West Jaintia Hills and East Jaintia Hills which togetherly constitute the Eastern part of Meghalaya's Khasi and Jaintia Hills region. In Assam, their population reached 35 thousand. In Bangladesh's Sylhet Division specially in Jaflong, around 85 thousand Khasis are living there.

Khasi inhabiting the northern part are known as Bhoi, as that area is often called Ri Bhoi. People in the east are known as the Pnar, and they call their land Rilum Jaintia. The south are called War or Ri War, because of its mountainous regions and soil fertility. The west has a number of regional names: Maram, Rimen, Khatsawphra, Mawiang, Lyngam. A Khasi who inhabits the central area is known as Khynriam. The War inhabitants of the Khasi community designed and built living root bridges of the War region.

Dress

The traditional costume of the Khasis is known to be ‘i shongkun bad i Don burom” which translates to being grand/respectful and modest.

The traditional Khasi male dress is a Jymphong, a longish sleeveless coat without collar, fastened by thongs in front. Nowadays, most male Khasis have adopted western attire. On ceremonial occasions they appear in a Jymphong and sarong with an ornamental waist-band and they may also wear a turban.

The traditional Khasi female dress is called the Jainsem or Dhara, both of which are rather elaborate with several pieces of cloth, giving the body a cylindrical shape. On ceremonial occasions, they may wear a crown of silver or gold. A spike or peak is fixed to the back of the crown, corresponding to the feathers worn by the menfolk. The Jainsem consists of two pieces of material fastened at each shoulder. The "Dhara" consists of a single piece of material also fastened at each shoulder.

Weaving Ryndia is an art passed down through the generations and treated as an occupation, providing livelihood to families in the region. Traditionally a hand-spun, hand-woven fabric, worn with pride by both the men and women in Meghalaya, the fabric in its un-dyed off-white state, or maroon and mustard plaid design, is a cultural symbol of the Khasi people. Eri silk is also known as ‘peace silk’ as the production process is considered to be non-violent. Weaving is primarily done by women. Eri silk in Meghalaya is produced from start to finish by women working from home or in clusters.

Marriage
The Khasis are, for the most part, monogamous. Young men and women are permitted considerable freedom in the choice of mates. Potential marriage partners are likely to have been acquainted before betrothal. Once a man has selected his desired spouse, he reports his choice to his parents. They then secure the services of a mediator to make the arrangements with the woman's family (provided that the man's clan agree with his choice). The parents of the woman ascertain her wishes and if she agrees to the arrangement her parents check to make certain that the man to be wed is not a member of their clan (since Khasi clans are exogamous, marital partners may not be from the same clan). If this is satisfactory then a wedding date is set.

Divorce is relatively common, with causes ranging from incompatibility to lack of offspring. This ceremony traditionally consists of the husband handing the wife 5 cowries or paisa which the wife then hands back to her husband along with 5 of her own. The husband then throws these away or gives them to a village elder who throws them away. Present-day Khasis divorce through the Indian legal system.

The type of marriage is the determining factor in the marital residence. In short, post marital residence for a married man when an heiress (known as Ka Khadduh or "The Youngest daughter in the family") is involved must be matrilocal (that is, in his mother-in-law's house), while post-marital residence when a non-heiress is involved is neolocal. Traditionally (though nowadays this rule is not absolutely true), a Khasi man returns to his Iing-Kur (maternal home) upon the death of his spouse (if she is a Khadduh and they both have no children). These practices are the result of rules governing inheritance and property ownership. These rules are themselves related to the structure of the Khasi Kur (clan system).

Onomastics
Khasi names are known for their originality and elaborate nature and often literal nature. The given names may be invented by parents for their children, and these can be based on traditional native names, Christian names, or other English words. The family names, which they call "surnames," remain in the native Khasi languages or its dialects.

Traditional polities
The traditional political structure of the Khasi community is democratic in nature. In the past, the Khasis consisted of independent native states called Syiemships, where male elders of various clans under the leadership of the Chief (called U Syiem) would congregate during Durbars or sessions and come to a decision regarding any dispute or problem that would arise in the Syiemship. At the village level, there exists a similar arrangement where all the residents of the village or town come together under the leadership of an elected Headman (called U Rangbah Shnong) to decide on matters pertaining to the locality. This system of village administration is much like the Panchayati Raj prevalent in most Indian States. There were around 25 independent native states on record which were annexed and acceded to the Indian Union. The Syiems of these native states (called Hima) were traditionally elected by the people or ruling clans of their respective domains. Famous among these Syiemships are Hima Mylliem, Hima Khyrim, Hima Nongkhlaw, amongst others. These Syiemships continue to exist and function till today under the purview of the Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council (KHADC), which draws its legal power and authority from the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India.

Religion
Before the arrival of Christian missionaries and post- conversion, almost all of the Khasi people practised an indigenous tribal religion. The first translation of the Bible into any of the languages of Northeast India was a Khasi version, published in 1891 by missionaries. The main Christian denominations today followed among the Khasis include Catholicism, Anglicanism, Presbyterianism (largest Christian denomination among the Khasis), and others. Around 83.14% of the Khasi tribe numbering around 1.17 million are Christian of various denominations (mainly Presbyterian and Catholic) and 15.41% of them numbering around still follow their Indigenous khasi religion called "Ka Niam Khasi" which is monotheistic in nature. In Khasi traditional religion Niam Khasi, the principal deity U Blei Nongthaw, who is One and formless is the Supreme creator of the whole universe.

A significant small number of Khasi population also adheres to Hindu and Buddhist faith. As per as 2011 census, around 10.3 thousands Khasi people have stated their religion as Hindu and Around 1.8 thousand Khasis follow Buddhism. Lesli Hardinge Pde, a 73-year-old retired Meghalaya civil servant, who is also an Khasi actor, comedian have translated Bhagavad Gita into Khasi language, locally known as "The Song of God or in Khasi, Ka Jingrwai U Blei". The book was published on 9 May 2011. The author have also translated the Ramayan, the Mahabharat and the Upanishads into Khasi. Historians suggested that the Kamakhya temple of Assam's Nilachal Hills was an ancient sacrificial site for an Austroasiatic tribal goddess, locally called or known as “Ka Mei Kha” (literally: old-cousin-mother), of the Khasi tribe supported by the folk lores of these very peoples. The traditional accounts from Kalika Purana of (10th century) and the Yogini Tantra too recorded that the goddess Kamakhya is of Kirata origin, and It is said that the worship of Kamakhya goddess predates the establishment of Kamarupa in (4th century CE).

There is also an endogamous very small community of Khasi Muslims, mostly residing in Shillong and adjoining areas of the city, who accepted Sunni Islam as a result of historic Muslim traders in the region. On 3 February 2019, Quran, Islamic Holy Book, was released in the Khasi language. The translation of 1251 pre-pages and pages of Quran, was done by a Khasi Muslim leader Mubarak Lyngdoh, to propagates Islam among the local Khasis. The translation was done at the initiative of the Seng Bhalang Islam (A local Islamic organisation of Shillong, Meghalaya). Khasi Muslims numbers around 1,689 as per 2011 census.

There are also a small segment of Khasi population who don't follow any particular faith. Around 6.8 thousand Khasis have stated that they are atheist and don't believe in any particular religion or God as per 2011 census.

Fertility rate
According to a 1998-99 research by the National Family Health Survey of India (NFHS), the Khasi tribe, along with Jayantia and Garo had the highest fertility in India at TFR=4.57.

Genetics
According to genetic study in 2007, the Khasi people of Meghalaya carry around 72.8% Haplogroup O, 10.8% Haplogroup F, 6.5% halpogroup H and 4.4% Haplogroup P.

Notable people

 * Bonily Khongmen, Indian politician from the Indian National Congress party, Former member of Lok Sabha
 * James Michael Lyngdoh, former Chief Election Commissioner of India
 * U Kiang Nangbah, freedom fighter
 * Keishing Clifford Nongrum, MVC, Mahavir Chakra awardee (posthumously)
 * Neil Nongkynrih, director of the Shillong Chamber Choir
 * J. J. M. Nichols Roy (Rev. James Joy Mohan Nichols Roy) member of the Constituent Assembly of India, pioneer of the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India "which established autonomous district councils in tribal areas in the north-east"
 * George Gilbert Swell, former Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha and Ambassador to Norway and Burma
 * Silverine Swer, Indian social and environmental activist, educationist and civil servant.
 * U Tirot Sing Syiem, freedom fighter
 * David R. Syiemlieh, former chairman, Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
 * Skendrowell Syiemlieh, Notable Khasi folk singer and Padmashree awardee.
 * Sayeedullah Nongrum, Khasi philanthropist and three-time MLA

title: Khasi people


text: User talk:81.156.219.238

title: User talk:81.156.219.238


text:
Talk:Semey

Notes on usage of Semey, Semipalatinsk, etc.

 * My suggestions (unratified by anyone, but seeming sensible) for using and linking to Semey/Semipalatinsk are as follows:
 * if you're talking about the site of nuclear weapons testing, and the associated Gulag, link to .  Saying the Soviets tested bombs at Semipalatinsk is like saying the US tested theirs at Las Vegas.
 * As the site essentially closed before Kazak independence, there's really no mentions anywhere of "Semey Test Site" or anything like that.
 * if you're talking about historical events, essentially those happening before 1991, call it Semipalatinsk but link to Semey (e.g. )
 * if you're talking about post-91 events, and particularly current events, either just say  or
 * The current name seems to be transliterated from Cyrillic as Semi, Semij, Semii, Semy, and Semey. Use in english-language publication, including all those cited below, strongly favours "Semey", so I think we should adopt that as a standard spelling on wikipedia also.

-- Finlay McWalter | Talk 18:06, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Renamed in 1994
Semipalatinsk isn't still official. The city was renamed in 1994! -- User:217.233.0.215
 * Technically wikipedia doesn't always use the "official" name, but rather the one most commonly used in English language publications. That said, a review seems to suggest the new name has become widely adopted in English publications, so I'm going to propose moving the article to Semey (although naturally we'll keep mention of the old name, its derivation, etc.). -- Finlay McWalter |  Talk 19:33, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Proposing rename
I'm in the process of writing (offline, for now) new versions for Semey and Semipalatinsk Test Site, I propose moving this page from Semipalatinsk to Semey, as this seems to be the currently best-used name in English language publications. Citations:
 * Encyclopedia Britannica
 * Columbia Encyclopedia
 * CIA world factbook
 * our List of cities in Kazakhstan
 * Encarta
 * Philip's World Atlas (2004 edition)

Note that I intend the test site article to retain the "Semipalatinsk" nomenclature as:
 * that's universally the name by which english language publications call it
 * that's the name it calls itself on its english website (among many others things, but never "Semey Test Site")
 * it essentially ceased functioning before the renaming of the city

I'll do this in a couple of days from now, so anyone who objects please speak up now. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 19:33, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Absent opposition after four days, I've moved the page. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 17:59, 31 Aug 2004 (UTC)

is it not wikipedia's policy to adopt the most widely used toponyms, rather than the official names? the government of kazakhstan may have renamed the city by fiat a decade ago, but this has largely been lost on the people of kazakhstan. semej is the kazakh name of the city, but semipalatinsk is the russian one, and since an overwhelming majority of kazakhstan's people r russophones, it only stands to reason that the latter is the more widely used version. even those who speak kazakh as a primary language refer to the city as semipalatinsk in russian. if u visit the city u'll be hard-pressed to hear the locals calling the place 'semej.' for crying out loud, even the sign welcoming travellers at the main train station reads, welcome to semiplatinsk, in russian.

 * Naming conventions says "Generally, article naming should give priority to what the majority of English speakers would most easily recognize". It doesn't matter what non-English speakers call something, as we're not writing an encyclopedia for them.  We have articles called Cologne not Köln and Munich not München. -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 13:17, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

Renaming
Why exactly was it renamed? Was it an attempt to get rid of anything 'Russian' or something? Bezuidenhout (talk) 22:03, 18 August 2010 (UTC)

 * A bunch of the major cities of Kazakhstan were renamed following independence, although I think it's more pro-Kazak nationalism than anti-Russian-ism, per se. Much the same happened in other former-soviet republics like Ukraine, which were also asserting their political, linguistic, and ethnic independence. At the same time towns named after Soviet leaders like Lenin also often got new names (chielfly in post-soviet republics, but also to some extent in Russia too). Take a look at List of renamed cities in Kazakhstan and List of renamed cities in Turkmenistan for examples of these post-soviet renamings. In some cases it's just a restoration of a pre-soviet or pre-russian name, in others just a rerendering of the prevailing name into the orthography of the new republic's official language, and sometimes it's a whole new name. -- Finlay McWalter ☻ Talk 18:58, 16 September 2010 (UTC)

Famous typeracer?
I think this claim is hogwash?

Alexmcfire (talk) 02:07, 11 December 2013 (UTC)

Can we use a different Tatar Mosque picture?
There's no need for a multi-gigabyte picture that takes hours to load. I don't care about seeing the grains of dust on the windows — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.72.214.48 (talk) 23:48, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Also, if we're going to use a "life size" picture that takes hours to load, at least write an article for it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.72.214.48 (talk) 23:50, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Semey


text:
Valmiki caste

The Valmikis are a variety of communities throughout India who all claim descent from the legendary author of the Ramayana, Valmiki. The Valmikis can be classified as a caste or sampradaya (tradition/sect).

In the north-west Punjab region, this caste had adopted Sikhism. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, many Valmiki were prominent rebels. Notable examples include Matadin Bhangi, Gangu Mehtar and Bhura Singh Valmiki. Caste members now they incline towards politics and government high positions.

According to the 2001 Census of India, the Valmikis formed 11.2 per cent of the Scheduled Caste population in the Indian state of Punjab and were the second-most populous Scheduled Caste in Delhi National Capital Region. The 2011 Census of India for Uttar Pradesh showed the Valmiki population, which was classified as a Scheduled Caste, as 1,319,241.

Notable People

 * Devi Das Nahar
 * Hans Raj Hans
 * Navraj Hans
 * Om Prakash Valmiki
 * Sabar Koti
 * Sudeepa
 * Yashica Dutt
 * Yuvraj Hans

Other countries
In the UK, the Council of Valmiki Sabhas UK claims to represent the Valmiki.

title: Valmiki caste


text:
Gilbert de la Porrée

Gilbert de la Porrée (after 1085 – 4 September 1154), also known as Gilbert of Poitiers, Gilbertus Porretanus or Pictaviensis, was a scholastic logician and theologian and Bishop of Poitiers.

Life
He was born in Poitiers, and completed his first studies there. He was then educated under Bernard of Chartres at Chartres, where he was schooled in the differences between the teachings of Aristotle and Plato, and later under Anselm of Laon and Ralph of Laon at Laon, where he studied the Scriptures. After his education, he returned to Poitiers, where it is believed he taught. Subsequently he then returned to Chartres to teach logic and theology and succeeded Bernard of Chartres as Chancellor from 1126 to 1140. He is also known to have lectured in Paris. From a passage from the text, Dialogue with Ratius and Everard, by the Cistercian Everard, it would appear that Gilbert was more popular in Paris than in Chartres. Everard writes that he was the fourth to attend Gilbert's lectures in Chartres and the three hundredth to attend in Paris. One of those attending Gilbert's lectures in Paris, in 1141, was John of Salisbury, who was greatly influenced by them. John would later become chancellor of Chartres and also wrote about Gilbert saying: He taught grammar and theology, and would whip a student who made a grammatical error. If he believed a student was wasting time in class, he would suggest he take up bread making, and last when he lectured he used philosophers, orators and as well as poets to help interpret.

In the 1140s Gilbert published his Commentary on Boethius's, Opuscula Sacra. Although intended as an explanation of what Boethius meant, it interpreted the Holy Trinity in such a way as went against the teachings of the church. In 1142, Gilbert became Bishop of Poitiers, and within the same year two archdeacons, Arnaud and Calon, denounced him for his ideas on the Trinity. It was also in 1142 when Gilbert's teaching post in Chartres was taken over. By 1147, in Paris, Peter Lombard attacked Gilbert for his trinitarian doctrine. In 1148, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, known as the great detector of heresies, brought Gilbert to trial. Saint Bernard had previously had reasons to believe Gilbert was a heretic because when Abelard was tried and condemned, the school of Chartres, where Gilbert was chancellor at that moment, supported Abelard. Pope Eugene III presided over the trial, during which Gilbert and Bernard were asked to cite and explain specific biblical texts. Bernard, lacking Gilbert's experience of the technique of the schools, was not able to condemn him. It was nevertheless decided to require Gilbert to reformulate parts of his book.

Gilbert died in 1154. He was buried at the Église Saint-Hilaire-le-Grand in Poitiers.

Works

 * Authentic works
 * Commentaria in Boethii opuscula sacra, edited by Nikolaus M. Häring, Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1966.
 * The Psalms Commentary of Gilbert of Poitiers, edited by T. Gross-Diaz. Leiden: Brill, 1996.

 * Spurious works
 * Hermes Trismegistus, De sex rerum principiis, edited by P. Lucentini and M. Delp, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis (CCCM 142), Turnhot: Brepols, 2006.

Gilbert is almost the only logician of the 12th century who is quoted by the greater scholastics of the succeeding age. The Liber sex principiorum, attributed to him, but in fact the work of an anonymous author, was regarded with a reverence almost equal to that paid to Aristotle, and furnished matter for numerous commentators, amongst them Albertus Magnus. Owing to the fame of this work, he is mentioned by Dante as the Magister sex principiorum. The treatise itself is a discussion of the Aristotelian categories, specially of the six subordinate modes. The author distinguishes in the ten categories two classes, one essential, the other derivative. Essential or inhering (formae inhaerentes) in the objects themselves are only substance, quantity, quality and relation in the stricter sense of that term. The remaining six, when, where, action, passion, position and habit, are relative and subordinate (formae assistantes). This suggestion has some interest, but is of no great value, either in logic or in the theory of knowledge. More important in the history of scholasticism are the theological consequences to which Gilbert's realism led him.

In the commentary on Boethius' treatise De Trinitate he proceeds from the metaphysical notion that pure or abstract being is prior in nature to that which is. This pure being is God, and must be distinguished from the triune God as known to us. God is incomprehensible, and the categories cannot be applied to determine his existence. In God there is no distinction or difference, whereas in all substances or things there is duality, arising from the element of matter. Between pure being and substances stand the ideas or forms, which subsist, though they are not substances. These forms, when materialized, are called formae substantiales or formae nativae; they are the essences of things, and in themselves have no relation to the accidents of things. Things are temporal, the ideas perpetual, God eternal. The pure form of existence, that by which God is God, must be distinguished from the three persons who are God by participation in this form. The form or essence is one, the persons or substances three. This distinction clearly goes against the church's tenet of divine simplicity. It was this distinction between Deitas or Divinitas and Deus that led to the condemnation of Gilbert's doctrine.

title: Gilbert de la Porrée


text:
User talk:Brother McKenzie

You hosers leave your messages here, eh?

title: User talk:Brother McKenzie


text:
User:Brother McKenzie

Hi I like hockey

title: User:Brother McKenzie


text:
Talk:Caravan

Comments
Note: I've removed the brakets from the above spam. I'll leave it to someone else to actually remove the spam, if needed, but I figured people should at least know what they're clicking on.--66.42.225.137 07:29, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

Heading

 * I'm not too happy with this "Road vehicles, powered or towed, intended for human habitation"
 * That's too big for a heading.
 * Any idea what to change it to?
 * Thanks  J e n o v a  20 09:20, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * How about "Portable, or semi-portable habitation"? Technically a static caravan isn't a road vehicle.  Dunno.  Tricky.   a_man_alone (talk) 11:14, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Anything simpler?
 * Although, it's much better than whats currently in the article?
 * Thanks  J e n o v a  20 11:30, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Shortened whats already there to "Road vehicles intended for human habitation"
 * Better or worse?
 * Thanks  J e n o v a  20 11:46, 8 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Better.  a_man_alone (talk) 16:54, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Brilliant, another job well done!
 * Thanks a man alone  J e n o v a  20 19:52, 8 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Well done, you all. Just a couple of points by way of explanation:
 * 1. I only used "powered" because of the link to recreational vehicle.
 * 2. I resisted the temptation to include "carried" for (some) mobile homes.
 * 3. A static caravan (in Australia) is almost always a road vehicle that no longer takes to the road. Downsize43 (talk) 23:01, 9 December 2011 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Travel trailer which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 16:14, 4 November 2015 (UTC)

"Traveling" vs "Automotive"
My changed groupin is more natural "Automotive" subsection is well-defined and I saw it weird to put Campervan and Caravanserai into one group when there already existed a section related to automobiles. - Altenmann >talk 19:39, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

 * I find it quite the opposite. The rest of the "automotive" section are specific models that are called "caravan". Campervans and Caravan (trailer) are generic types of travel-releted vehicles that have more in common with the other travel-related items. The Caravan (trailer) article is not even specifically about automotive trailers. older ≠ wiser 20:05, 11 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Seconded. Bkonrad's version seems better to me.  Mr.choppers |   ✎  20:31, 11 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Caravan