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Talk:Neoclassicism (music)

Table
Stravinsky and Craft (1968) give the following table of thirteen differences [TABLE INCOMPLETE]:
 * [TABLE INCOMPLETE]

Which they then describe as, "A parlour game, no more, and in any case the parallelisms are more intersting. For example:
 * 1) The common belief in Divine Authority, the Hebrew God and Biblical mythology, Catholic culture.
 * 2) The success obstacle of the first pieces, Verklärte Nacht and The Firebird, which remained the most popular of all our works, all our lives and after.
 * 3) The common exile to the same alien culture, in which we wrote some of our best works (his Fourth Quartet, my Abraham and Isaac) and in which we are still played far less than in the Europe that exiled us.
 * 4) Both family men and fathers of several children, both hypochondriac, both deeply superstitious.
 * 5) For both of us, numbers are things.
 * 6) Both of us were devoted to The Word, and each wrote some of his own librettos (Moses und Aron, Die glückliche Hand, Jacobsleiter, Les Noces, Renard).
 * 7) Each of us composed for concrete sounds, unlike the later Webern, in which choice of sound is a final stage.
 * 8) For both of us, the row is thematic and we are ultimately less interested in the construction of the row, per se, than is Webern.

Is there an appropriate space for this (neoclassicism, expressionism, modern music, 20th century music, Stravinsky, or Schoenberg article)? Hyacinth 04:15, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

more recent use
This article describes a particular genre known as "neoclassical", mostly in the early 20th century and situated within the concert-music tradition. There's another, more recent genre also known as "neoclassical", starting mainly since the 1990s and situated in a non-academic tradition, related in some ways to neofolk, post-industrial, martial, and dark ambient music. This newer genre is neoclassical in that it uses might be called classical orchestration—cellos, violins, pianos, etc., rather than electric guitars or synthesizers—has an orchestral rather than a song sort of feel, and also has a strong sense of neoclassicism in subject matter and aesthetic. Examples include HERR, A Challenge of Honour, Arditi, Triarii, Dernière Volonté, etc. How should this be resolved? Should we have a separate article, and if so what should be the disambiguator? I must confess I have no good ?? to make a new Neoclassicism (??) with. --Delirium 08:18, 13 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I think a new article should be made for this other musical genre, since they clearly are different. How about using Neoclassical_(music) for that one? Then there can be crosslinks on top of both the articles in the same was as on Neoclassicism. What do you think about this? /Goblim 19:24, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not opposed to a move, but there is a softer solution that would have pretty much the same result: just edit the crosslink template Template:Classicism to do Neoclassical music instead. - Rainwarrior 19:35, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Neoclassicist composers?
Since when are Copland, Harris, Shostakovich, Britten, Holst and Rachmaninov neoclassical? Also, the case for Busoni is tenuous at best- just because they harkened back to music of the past doesn't mean its classical; Busoni used baroque and romantic themes in direct opposition to classical ideas. I advocate highly trimming the list because not every non-serialist composer was a neoclassicist.Anderfreude 03:24, 12 March 2007 (UTC)

Indeed this article lacks proper citations for many of the "weasel word" claims that are made. I believe that one of the first times that the term "Neo-classical" was used by a music critic in a non-derogatory context in order to describe musical style was a review of the Paris premiere of Stravinsky's Symphonies of Psalms. A proper citation can probably be found in one of Taruskin's books - possibly the Weiss/Taruskin compliation of source texts "Music in the Western World". Can't remember the critic's name offhand and don't have those books with me. Someone should look that up.

Nonetheless, there had been some experimentation with neo-classical ideas in the decade before Stravinsky's Symphonies and Pulcinella. A very good early example would be the Charles Koechlin 5 Sonatines (for piano) from 1915, although this is one that tends to get overlooked.

Nonetheless, some cleanup of this article is probably in order..... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.166.115.28 (talk) 08:24, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

Many of the composers on the list aren't even called neoclassicists on their own Wiki pages, and I've never seen Copland or Holst ever called neoclassicists. I'm going to take those off of the list that clearly aren't; neoclassical isn't a catch-all for all non-serialist composers of the 20th century. 198.178.132.253 (talk) 21:30, 26 March 2010 (UTC)
 * Hm. It is hard to call any composer Neoclassical, IMO.  Stravinsky and Prokoviev were only "Neoclassical" for a relatively short time (and are probably the only composers to whom the term can be applied with impunity); Hindemith, Poulenc and Milhaud used Classical Period elements in many works but then also used Jazz, Folk, etc and these often in the same works; Bartok dabbled in Classical Period form and style at times as did Shostakovich and many others but calling them or works of theirs "Neoclassical" is not always correct nor even verifiable.  Reliable Sources are the only way to resolve this, hence I support the above removal, i.e. this, though I am not so sure about adding Norman Dello Joio since his article makes no mention of the term, either, and he would perhaps be better described as a Polystylist or Eclecticist.  Cheers  --Jubilee♫ clipman  21:58, 26 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree that composers are not neoclassicists—only their works may be judged, one by one, to be neoclassical. I don't think it should be difficult to find a source that classes some works by (for example) Copland, under this rubric. However, it should also be kept in mind that the term is frequently regarded as a misnomer for "neobaroque"—a contradiction that is easily resolved by considering that the term was in origin French, and the French use the word "classique" to refer to music of the eras that in English sources are usually divided into Baroque and Classical periods. In any case, I, too, support the deletion of these names, until and unless proper sources can be found.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 22:45, 26 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I would add that at least one of Holst's works that I can think of off-hand could be called neoclassical in the sense Jerome Kohl has given above: the Fugal Concerto of 1923, which is certainly neo-Baroque in style - almost pastiche except for some characteristic games with metre, and a very 20th-century (Holstian) bleakness in the central slow movement. But then Holst enjoyed writing 'in the style of' from time to time - witness his stylistic homage to English Renaissance style in his Nunc dimittis - and he never really made it a trend, let alone something that could be called a 'period', in his compositional style.

 * On a slightly different point, I think more could be said about how Diaghilev (rather than Stravinsky) was responsible for starting the fashion for neoclassicism in music by getting not only Stravinsky, but also Respighi and others, to cannibalise works of past masters; and it *was* a fashion - witness Poulenc, who adored Stravinsky, following in his mentor's footsteps in Concert champetre and the Organ Concerto; or the works of contemporary though lesser-known composers such as Rieti. Alfietucker (talk) 09:12, 27 March 2010 (UTC)
 * I couldn't possibly agree more, save only perhaps for giving Diaghilev credit for starting the fashion. Many composers within the Parisian milieu had developed a taste for le style ancien long before Diaghilev arrived there. For example, George Enescu composed his first Piano Suite in 1897. The present lede does refer to a number of earlier examples (as far back as Liszt), but the particularly French emphasis might be developed further (and by all means let us give Diaghilev more credit than he presently has!). As usual, the problem is not the truth of all this, but the verifiability. Can sources be all that difficult to find, though? Alfietucker has been doing a yeoman's job in this department lately, in the article on Stravinsky. Perhaps we can all emulate him and make some real progress here.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 19:55, 27 March 2010 (UTC)

Richard Strauss has several "neoclassical" moments of the Baroque variety. As a minimum we need to add his "Le bourgeois gentilhomme, Op. 60, is an orchestral suite written by Richard Strauss between 1911 and 1917" from Le bourgeois gentilhomme. I have therefore added it to the text (following the other page I have used the French title - maybe the German is better?Byronmercury (talk) 14:36, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Possibly a good point (one thinks also of Rosenkavalier, naturally), but I have tagged the new text with a request for a source. The time frame makes the tag "neoclassical" nearly plausible (though not if Stravinsky initiated the style in about 1919–21) but, since a distinction can be made between "historicism" in the Romantic tradition (Bruckner's modal "church" style, or the work of many composers in the Cecilian movement, for example) and "neoclassicism" in the 20th-century anti-Romantic sense, a reliable source identifying Strauss's work as specifically "neoclassical" is needed.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 15:37, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

 * I shall check out a few reliable for this and get back in due course.Byronmercury (talk) 22:22, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Much obliged. This should set the cat amongst the pigeons, since Stravinsky was especially keen on avoiding anything that Strauss stood for, and was not shy about saying so. I shall see if I cannot find a Stravinsky quotation explaining how he came to neoclassicism as a way of repudiating Strauss.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 22:50, 21 May 2014 (UTC)

 * After some searching, the best I could come up with from the academic literature was Ross's chapter which I put in the sources section, where on page 207 he talks about Strauss's "putative neoclassicism". However, poeple are making a direct comparison of Pulcinella with the Strauss piece(see for example allmusic review].  Of course, Stravinsky had few good things to say about Strauss and so tended to exaggerate their differences.  However, as Ross explains, "In a roundabout fashion, Strauss helped guide Stravinsky towards his neo-baroque and neo-classical writing of the 1920s and after". However, my search in the literature is not over: it is not helped by the fact that music books only have name indexes,so you cannot just look up "neoclassical"!  However, if you read what I wrote, I did not describe Srauss as "neoclassical", but just made the point that he had started integrating classical and baroque elements at about the same time as Stravinsky developed the neoclassical style. Differences still remained: for example, most of Strauss remains programmatic (being opera related) whereas neoclassicism became more absolute. The only non-programmatic exceptions for Strauss are his three instrumental concerti which he wrote over 20 years later. Byronmercury (talk) 15:05, 11 June 2014 (UTC)

 * Please do not misunderstand me: I applaud this direction of inquiry. Stravinsky indeed was very defensive on the issue of originality, as many other 20th-century composers have been. However, issues of style and periodization are usually debated by critics and musicologists, rather than composers, and while it is always interesting to have the composers' own views ("I do not write atonal music"—Schoenberg; "I am not a minimalist"—Steve Reich; "I am not a minimalist"—Philip Glass; "I am not a minimalist"—John Adams), they are hardly the last word on the subject. Personally, I am suspicious of pigeon-holing, even while recognizing that there is often value in attempting such categorizing, but it is always interesting to watch the combatants sparring in the ring and evaluate the skills of both winners and losers (when there are any). For the time being, I have moved Ross's article to "Further reading", but of course it should go back into "Sources" as soon as you are ready to cite him in the text. Do carry on.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 15:38, 11 June 2014 (UTC)
 * Oh, yes: do you really consider Strauss's Second Horn Concerto and Oboe Concerto (I cannot think at the moment what that third concerto might be) to be neoclassical? Personally, I have always regarded both as solidly neoromantic, and detect no pseudo-Bach elements in either one. However, I am a mere editor and, as always, will bow to the opinions expressed in reliable sources.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 15:42, 11 June 2014 (UTC)

 * apologies: you are of course the expert authority here. I am merely putting in my opinion. If you think that what I have said is not accurate notwithstanding Ross, I would be happy to have had this worthwhile discussion with you and withdraw the sentence on Strauss.  The third concerto was for Bassoon and Clarinet. No Bach for sure, but Mozart perhaps? Anyway, I never at any time had the intention of mentioning late Strauss in the context of the neoclassicism article. I will leave the final decision to you and would be happy for you to make the final edit.Byronmercury (talk) 17:17, 11 June 2014 (UTC)

 * No apologies are called for, so I decline to accept yours ;-) What you put into the article is, as far as I can tell without actually looking up the passage in Ross's essay, perfectly defensable. What we say on talk pages is not subject to the requirement of reliable sources, which is a good thing since productive lines of inquiry need to be facilitated somewhere. From such speculations and suggestions, we can start looking for those sources that are needed for the article itself.
 * I had forgotten about the Double Concerto, and indeed I think I have only ever heard it once (a little embarrassing for an ex-clarinetist and ex-bassoonist to admit). That was so many years ago, that I cannot now recall a single thing about it. I shall have to make its acquaintance again, now that you have reminded me of it. Keep in mind, though, that influence from a composer or composers of the Baroque or Classical eras is not the same thing as neoclassicism. The Second Horn Concerto, for example (and to choose a work that I actually know), does not employ either unequivocal thematic/textural elements or the ritornello form of the Baroque concerto (or formal traits of the Mozartean concerto, apart from a very general employment of modified sonata-allegro and rondo forms). If this were enough to label it "neoclassic", then the Tchaikovsky and Brahms Violin Concertos are, too. Contrast this, for example, with the Viola Concerto from Hindemith's Kammermusiken, which instantly evokes Bach's Sixth Brandenburg before even getting past the first bar.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 22:09, 11 June 2014 (UTC)

 * as an ex-violin/viola player I am of course a great fan of Hindemith. Your point is well taken.  There is a definite intention by Strauss in include explicit Baroque elements in the BGH suite because of its setting (ditto Ariadne auf Naxos). The late concertos: well, I think that the oboe and double concerto are "classical" in style and phrasing, although the chromaticism is as you say romantic. But, it is very different from his "real time" romantic period in the early/mid 1880s: the two symphonies, the violin and first horn concerto. I think that the influence of Mozart was much stronger on the elder Strauss: he had spent his professional life as a conductor with Mozart and it had a profound effect on the way he wrote music later on in life.   See how you find his double concertoByronmercury (talk) 14:58, 12 June 2014 (UTC)

 * I would like to re-emphasize that "influence of Mozart" is quite a different thing from "neoclassicism". One of the problems with such stylistic pigeonholes is establishing where are the limits on the one hand, and the necessary elements on the other. Just last night I was listening (for the the first time in many years) to Falla's neoclassical Harpsichord Concerto, and a leading feature of it struck me as being a frequent component of neoclassical style: the use of major/minor triads and their extensions. A reliable source for this association would have to be found, of course, but it occurred to me in that moment of recognition that Strauss famously used this harmonic device at the end of Also sprach Zarathustra (certainly not a neoclassical work!). So, even if major/minor sonorities were to be regarded as a necessary component of neoclassicism, their presence would not be sufficient for defining the style (or aesthetic position, or whatever).—Jerome Kohl (talk) 17:16, 12 June 2014 (UTC)

Just a quick check. Another noeclassical possible from Dr Strauss. His 1923 Tanzsuite aus Klavierstücken von François Couperin, TrV 245. This was written for a ballet based quite closely on the keyboard pieces of Couperin. There is also the 1943 Divertimento also based on Couperin Byronmercury (talk) 15:10, 22 September 2014 (UTC).

 * I guess the suggested revision would be "Richard Strauss also introduced neoclassical elements into his music, most notably in his orchestral suite Le bourgeois gentilhomme Op. 60, written in an early version in 1911 and its final version in 1917 (Ross 2010, 207) and his 1923 Tanzsuite aus Klavierstücken von François Couperin, TrV 245."Byronmercury (talk) 15:14, 22 September 2014 (UTC)

 * These are two works of which I was unaware. (I have to confess to paying not an awful lot of attention to Strauss, especially his minor works, which I presume these to be.) The most interesting thing has to do with the dates: 1923 and 1943. Unlike Le bourgeois gentilhomme, they are not "early forerunners", but are smack in the middle of the time period with which neoclassicism is identified. The titles alone might be sufficient, but they do sound like they might be arrangements, rather than actual neoclassical compositions. Can you come up with a reliable source that discusses them in sufficient detail to verify their nature?—Jerome Kohl (talk) 16:19, 22 September 2014 (UTC)

 * I was unaware too until recently. There is a book "The Ballet Collaborations of Richard Strauss by Wayne Heisler (Rochester Uni Press). If I can get hold of a copy and come up with something will get back. You are probably right about the dates, so probably not something for this page.Byronmercury (talk) 20:10, 22 September 2014 (UTC)

 * Wait, what? I think you have misunderstood me. What I meant to say is that, unlike Le bourgeois gentilhomme, these (interrelated) Couperin suites are exactly in the time frame of the main current of neoclassicism. In the meantime, I have found a source that indeed groups these Strauss works with other similar compositions by Casella, Poulenc, and Respighi, regarding them all as offspring of Pulcinella (even though the first set of Respighi's Antiche danze ed arie per liuto predates Pulcinella, and thus would more plausibly be considered a model for Stravinsky's work than the other way around). The question in my mind was whether writers regard such works as neoclassical, in the same sense as the Stravinsky and Martinů concerti grossi, which do not intentionally quote actual 18th-century material. Quite evidently, the sources do so regard the Bearbeitungen—some even going so far as to describe Pulcinella as the founding work of the genre—so I see no reason these others, including Strauss's, should not be included here. There is still the question of Webern's arrangment of the six-part ricercar from Bach's Musical Offering but, never fear, that is in hand also.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 20:27, 22 September 2014 (UTC)

 * quote from Norman Del Mar in volume 3 of his Strauss epic. He is actually discussing the use of 17th and 18th century music in the opera Die Schweigsame Frau (written in the early 30s): on page 35 "..such passages are clearly descended from Strauss's experimentation in neo-classicism - as well as from his arrangements of Lully and Couperin in the Bourgeois Gentilhomme and the Tanzsuite respectively". In volume 2 page 279 he includes an explicit comparison of Pulcinella with the Tanzsuite. Heisler's 2009 book (page 112): Heisler summarizes his discussion with the observation that "Strauss seems to have made a purposeful attempt to integrate the past and the 1923 present, whereby his Tanzesuite has a special relationship to canonized neoclassicism".Byronmercury (talk) 22:58, 27 September 2014 (UTC)
 * This seems perfectly consistent with everything we have developed so far, apart from the connection with Die Schweigsame Frau. If you wish to bolster the facts already presented, by all means go ahead and add these references.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 04:49, 28 September 2014 (UTC)

 * In fact I have just submitted a Wikipedia page for "Tanzsuite aus Klavierstücken von François Couperin, TrV 245" you might like to have a look at.Byronmercury (talk) 10:03, 28 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Thanks for mentioning this. I shall give it a glance.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 18:42, 28 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Drafts can be found at Draft:Tanzsuite aus Klavierstücken von François Couperin, TrV 245 and Draft:Divertimento for chamber orchestra after keyboard pieces by Couperin, Opus 86 (Strauss). -- Michael Bednarek (talk) 06:39, 29 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Cheers, Michael. This makes them a lot easier to find!—Jerome Kohl (talk) 16:08, 29 September 2014 (UTC)

Schoenberg as a neoclassical composer
The case for including Schoenberg in the list is, in my opinion, very weak. Firstly, yes, he continued adhering to some classical movement forms even while writing serialist works, but this is an incredibly loose definition that would allow the inclusion of countless modernistic composers that shouldn't be on the list. Secondly, Schoenberg himself loathed neoclassicism, as witnessed by the poem Der neue Klassizismus. If he even is to be described as a neo-anything, "neo-romantic" would be a better term, since he viewed his music as a logical extension of German romanticism. Virgil Thomson, who is also found on the list, would be equally better suited for the neo-romantic label, especially since he gave himself this description, as well as clearly separating himself from neo-classical ideas. EdwardTattsyrup 23:02, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

Sloppy Definition of Neoclassicism
I have never liked this term at all. Neoclassicism refers to a desired or imagined return to ancient Greece and Rome. It implies harmony, balance, and an ideal of perfection. Check out. In 20th Century music, people use it to describe anything old-fashioned, however sentimental or romantic it be. I supposed it is used by those who want atonality, and want to say that this music is not modern, or those who reject atonality. Some, like Hindemith, just wanted to attenuate it. And his return was not to classicism, but to the baroque. His return to tonality didn't really change him that much.

Modern music is classical in its essence. It rejects the sentimental. It strives to abstract concepts of beauty, such 12-tone music. It is very reserved in expression. I could go on here, but won't. Neoclassicism can't be a rejection of modernism because that's what modernism is. Including composers like de Falla shows the sloppiness I am talking about. The list also has "early Stravinsky." This is cute. He was more responsible for the invention modernism than any other composer. Apparently he returned to classicism before he really started modernism. He reacted to himself before he had anything to react to. It reminds me of a play based on the Upanishads I saw on TV once. Someone was having a conversation with his own reincarnation. Nice trick.

Another problem with the list is that it includes all the important composers of the 20th Cent: Prokofiev, Bartók, Stravinsky, Shostakovich, Hindemith, Ravel, Britten, Copland. I guess that was just a classical century.

Neoclassicacicm (music) is just a spurious term after all.

Cellorando (talk) 19:19, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Do you have an opinion on the article about the term? Hyacinth (talk) 02:15, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

How about some years?
I'm trying to put together a list of musical periods by year, and there is NO useful information in this article about the years involved. I'm guessing that it started with the first piece mentioned in 1917 and either died away quickly (after the 1920s), slowly (by the end of the 1900s), or is still ongoing. There is no way to really tell in the current version of the article. Since I don't know anything about this type of music, I can't add it myself. The best place would be in the lead paragraph (like most of the better written music articles do) or in the infobox (or both!). Please leave me a note on my talk page once this is updated. Thanks! — Will scrlt ( “Talk” ) 08:51, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

 * The present lede includes the statement "a 20th century development, particularly popular in the period between the two World Wars".Is this not specific enough for you? Although this could easily be translated to "1918 to 1938", as the article itself makes fairly clear, there were some scattered examples from before the First World War that could plausibly fall under the rubric, and certainly many composers continued to compose neoclassical works after the war as well. I suppose one could say that this continues even today, though it ceased being fashionable after about 1950.—Jerome Kohl (talk) 17:15, 6 May 2009 (UTC)

See also section
The link to neobaroque is obsolete, it leads to an article on architecture. It should be replaced with a link to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Baroque_music (but I have no idea how to do this :P)

Also, is a link to neoclassical metal really appropriate for this article? The two don't have much in common apart from the name. Mosi10 (talk) 22:58, 7 December 2009 (UTC)

 * That was probably intended as a kind of makeshift "Did you mean ...?" pointer, which I have now replaced by a proper disambiguation hatnote. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 23:11, 14 June 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Neoclassicism (music)


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Talk:Tunny

Untitled
Is tunny another word for tuna?
 * I've done some research, and yes, a tunny is the British common for some kinds of tuna. -- Merovingian  ✍  Talk  05:38, Jul 31, 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Tunny


text:
Virginia Bruce

Virginia Bruce (born Helen Virginia Briggs; September 29, 1910 – February 24, 1982) was an American actress and singer.

Early life
Bruce was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. As an infant she moved with her parents, Earil and Margaret Briggs, to Fargo, North Dakota. The city directory of Fargo documents that the Briggs family lived there at 421 14th Street South. After Bruce graduated from Fargo Central High School in 1928, she moved with her family to Los Angeles intending to enroll at the University of California, Los Angeles when a friendly wager sent her seeking film work.

Career
Bruce's first screen work was in 1929 as an extra for Paramount in Why Bring That Up? In 1930, she appeared on Broadway in the musical Smiles at the Ziegfeld Theatre, followed by the Broadway production America's Sweetheart in 1931.

Bruce returned to Hollywood in 1932, where she began work in early August at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on the film Kongo starring Walter Huston. During production on that project, on August 10, she married John Gilbert (her first, his fourth) with whom she recently costarred in Downstairs. The Film Daily reported that the couple's "quick" wedding was held in Gilbert's dressing room on the studio lot. Among the people attending the small ceremony were the head of MGM production Irving Thalberg, who served as the groom's best man; screenwriter Donald Ogden Stewart, whose wife Beatrice acted as matron of honor; MGM art director and set designer Cedric Gibbons; and his wife, actress Dolores del Río.

Bruce retired briefly from acting after the birth of their daughter Susan Ann, although she returned to film appearances after her divorce from Gilbert (caused by his alcoholism) in May 1934. Gilbert died of a heart attack in 1936.

Bruce is credited with introducing the Cole Porter standard "I've Got You Under My Skin" in the 1936 film Born to Dance. The same year, she costarred in the MGM musical The Great Ziegfeld. She also performed periodically on radio. In 1949, for example, Bruce starred in Make Believe Town, a 30-minute afternoon drama broadcast daily on CBS Radio. In the early 1960s, she retired from films.

Personal life
Bruce married American film director J. Walter Ruben in 1937.

Bruce was a Democrat who supported the campaign of Adlai Stevenson during the 1952 presidential election.

Bruce died of cancer at age 71 on February 24, 1982, at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California.

title: Virginia Bruce


text:
User:Fropuff/Drafts/Exterior algebra

In mathematics, the exterior algebra, denoted Λ•V or Λ(V), on a vector space V is the associative algebra of alternating tensors on V. The exterior algebra is a graded algebra where the grade is given by the tensor rank:
 * $$\Lambda^\bullet V = \bigoplus_{k=0}^{\infty} \Lambda^k V$$

The subspaces ΛkV, consisting of all rank k alternating tensors, are called the kth exterior powers of V. Exterior algebras are often called Grassmann algebras after their inventor Hermann Grassmann.

The product in the exterior algebra is called the exterior product or wedge product and is denoted v ∧ w (read v wedge w) for v, w ∈ Λ•V.

Alternating tensors
Alt : Tk(V) → Λk(V) is the alternating projection or antisymmetrization operation defined as follows:
 * $${\rm Alt}(\omega)=\frac{1}{k!}\sum_{\sigma\in S_k}{\rm sgn}(\sigma)\,\omega(x_{\sigma(1)}, \cdots, x_{\sigma(k)})$$

That is, Alt(ω) is just the signed average of all permutations (σ in Sk) of ω. If ω is already antisymmetric then Alt(ω) = ω.

Exterior product
The exterior product of two alternating tensors is essentially just the tensor product composed with a projection onto the subspace of alternating tensors. That is, let ω and η by homogeneous alternating tensors of rank k and m respectively. The wedge product is defined as follows:
 * $$\omega\wedge\eta=\frac{(k+m)!}{k!\,m!}{\rm Alt}(\omega\otimes\eta)$$

The wedge product for nonhomogeneous elements is defined by linearity.

Note: The funny normalization factor in the front of the definition of the wedge product is included for convenience as it simplifies a number of expressions. Note, however, that many authors prefer to leave it out and simply define
 * $$\omega\wedge\eta={\rm Alt}(\omega\otimes\eta)$$

The first convention is sometimes called the determinant convention and the latter the Alt convention. In this article we will stick to the determinant convention.

The exterior product has the following properties:
 * bilinear: for scalars a, b and tensors ω, η, and ξ
 * (aω + bη) ∧ ξ = a(ω ∧ ξ) + b(η ∧ ξ)
 * ξ ∧ (aω + bη) = a(ξ ∧ ω) + b(ξ ∧ η)

 * associative: (ω ∧ η) ∧ ξ = ω ∧ (η ∧ ξ)
 * anticommutative: ω ∧ η = (−1)km η ∧ ω for ω and η homogeneous of degrees k and m respectively.

Related topics

 * differential form
 * tensor algebra
 * symmetric algebra
 * Clifford algebra

title: User:Fropuff/Drafts/Exterior algebra


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Cypress Gardens

Cypress Gardens was a botanical garden and theme park near Winter Haven, Florida that operated from 1936 to 2009. As of 2011, the botanical garden portion had been preserved inside the newly formed Legoland Florida.

History
Billed as Florida's first commercial tourist theme park, Cypress Gardens opened on January 2, 1936, as a botanical garden planted by Dick Pope Sr. and his wife Julie. Over the years it became one of the biggest attractions in Florida, known for its water ski shows, gardens, and Southern Belles.

It became known as the "Water Ski Capital of the World" because it was the site of many of the sport's landmark firsts and over 50 world records were broken there. During World War II, soldiers visited and waterskiing was introduced for their entertainment. Numerous movies were filmed at the park, including portions of This is Cinerama, the first feature filmed in the wide-screen format, and a string of Esther Williams films and TV specials in the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1950s the Southern Belles attraction was introduced, in which young women dressed in the crinolines reminiscent of the Antebellum South. During the 1961-1965 American Civil War Centennial young men dressed in Confederate uniforms would be photographed with the Southern Belles. In the early 1960s a custom photography boat named Miss Cover Girl was introduced, and the park became a popular site for the filming of television commercials.

Many celebrities and dignitaries have skied and visited at the park, including Elvis Presley, King Hussein of Jordan and his son and successor, King Abdullah II. It was also the site of a Johnny Carson special.

On April 14, 2014, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Competitions and changes of ownership
Competition for guests increased after Walt Disney World Resort opened nearby in 1971. In the early 1980s, the Popes retired and transferred the park to their son, Dick Pope, Jr.

In 1985 book publisher Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich purchased the park to build their SeaWorld parks group. Harcourt sold the other businesses to Anheuser-Busch in 1989. Busch continued to operate Cypress Gardens until April 1, 1995, when a group of the park's managers, led by Bill Reynolds, bought the property.

Under President and CEO Reynolds, the park operated until April 13, 2003, when it closed after a prolonged tourism decline following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. 529 people were put out of work with three days' notice.

Cypress Gardens Adventure Park
On February 22, 2004, Adventure Parks Group, owned by Kent Buescher, purchased the property and renamed it Cypress Gardens Adventure Park. The purchase of the amusement park portion of the Cypress Gardens property was part of a larger conservation transaction. In that transaction, the entire 150 acre site was purchased from its previous owner, First Gardens, L.C., by The Trust for Public Land, a national conservation organization. TPL then sold a conservation easement over the entire property to the state of Florida, while Polk County purchased the 30 acre gardens portion of the property, less the development rights conveyed in the state easement. Adventure Parks Group purchased the balance of the property, also subject to the conservation easement.

Buescher's plan to reopen the park in September 2004 was delayed by damage from hurricanes Charley, Frances, and Jeanne. Cypress Gardens Adventure Park finally opened in November 2004. One of its new attractions, the Triple Hurricane roller coaster, was named for the tumultuous storm season. The adjacent Splash Island water park opened in 2005, along with the Galaxy Spin roller coaster.

In September 2006, Adventure Parks Group filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection at the Florida site citing approximately $30 million in damages sustained from the 2004 hurricanes.

Land South Adventures, a subsidiary of Mulberry, Florida-based Land South Holdings, purchased Cypress Gardens at a bankruptcy auction on October 16, 2007, for $16.9 million, leaving Buescher as interim manager until Baker Leisure Group of Orlando, Florida, took over park operations in January 2008.

On Monday, November 10, 2008, Land South Holdings announced the temporary closure of the park, which was shut down November 17 of that year. It reopened on March 28, 2009, with an expanded water park named Splash Island. The animals, however, were gone, and the rides did not operate or had already been removed. Cypress Gardens and Splash Island began separate ticketing, with dual-park season passes also available; parking was free.

On September 23, 2009, owner Land South Holdings LLC announced that the park was closing immediately, saying that all avenues to keep the park open had been explored but that they were unable to find a way to "keep the park running in its traditional form".

Legoland acquisition
On January 15, 2010, the world's second largest theme park and attraction operator Merlin Entertainments bought Cypress Gardens with intent to use the site for the fifth Legoland. On January 21, 2010, Merlin Entertainments announced that the park would be turned into Legoland Florida. On October 21, 2010, an October 2011 opening date was announced. Opening day occurred on October 15, 2011, at 10 am EDT.

title: Cypress Gardens


text:
Talk:Isaac Albéniz

Untitled
maybe pedia should tell he died 49 years old or just for some days he died in 48,95 ?

 * He was 48 when he died. --Missmarple 21:55, 22 March 2006 (UTC)

You can hardly call him post-Romantic if he died in 1909! A silly label. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.140.79.183 (talk) 00:12, 4 March 2018 (UTC)

 * Agreed 2600:100E:B077:A684:6963:C045:605:BCDF (talk) 11:56, 29 July 2023 (UTC)

List of compositions
I believe this article would grealy benefit from a list of compositions, as often found elsewhere on Wikipedia (for example, in the article on Paganini). Nat 14:23, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Is not the Rapsodia española a piece for solo piano? As far as I know, the orchestrated version (for piano and orchestra) is by Halffter. Please verify this and put it correctly. 83.78.158.45 (talk) 16:19, 2 June 2009 (UTC)

Others
You could mention the version by Joja Wendt, a german piano player, he made a great piano piece of it. It's name is also Asturias. Just listen to it, it's great. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.63.83.82 (talk) 02:19, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

Catalan? Spanish?
I see the Catalan attribution has just been changed to Spanish by an anon IP. -- Kleinzach (talk) 11:26, 14 March 2008 (UTC)

Well, catalans are people from a region in Spain called Catalonia, I think if in Wikipedia articles mention the national and not the regional origins of people the article should read "Spanish", the regional origins can be added later in ther article. Otherwise the article about Beethoven should not only say he was German but also he was from Rhine-Westphalia. I'm correcting the article, I hope if anyone disagrees they post their points of view here. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.158.132.213 (talk) 21:10, 18 December 2009 (UTC)

 * Catalan people, understood as a cultural group, include also non-Spanish citizens, such as those in Roussillon. For this reason, it is more accurate to keep both adjectives when providing the context for a biographical entry like this one. "Spanish Catalan" (analogously "French Catalan") is a neutral expression that nicely covers both usual meanings of "nationality": legal citizenship and cultural group. Moreover, it prevents pointless edit wars of people changing one label into the other, as proven in highly edited entries such as Antoni Gaudí or Salvador Dalí. Cheers, --Carles Noguera (talk) 16:46, 16 February 2010 (UTC)

Paris Conservatoire?
"he took out a ball from his pocket and broke a glass window while playing with it..." Where on earth did they find that???? Most encyclopedia's, and the Source just say he was too young? Is it a rumour, or is there actual information. (I've taken out that part, and submitted the more widely accepted belief, correct me if you have proof)

Composer project review
I've reviewed this article as part of the Composers project review of its B-class articles. I reluctantly give this article a Start rating; there is a fair amount of good work here, but omissions of material typical of composer biographies, and other numerous defects, force me to lower the rating to Start. My full review is on the comments page; questions and comments can be left here or on my talk page.  Magic ♪piano 23:30, 12 January 2009 (UTC)

Bright's Disease is an archaic term
I would suggest chronic renal failure is a more current term but having no reference will not edit. — Preceding unsigned comment added by PietrH (talk • contribs) 16:13, 7 September 2011 (UTC)

citation needed for quote by Albeniz on his early work
regarding following quote: ''There are among them a few things that are not completely worthless. [...]''

I found the source below (a book), it contains the same quote as what is said here. Isaac Albéniz: Portrait of a Romantic, p. 264 Walter Aaron Clark Oxford University Press, 2002 - 321 pages

Google Books source

--Shakamikado (talk) 17:57, 15 July 2019 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 19:08, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Isaac Albéniz


text:
Annulet

Annulet may refer to:

 * Annulet (heraldry), a mark in distinction
 * Annulet (architecture), a fillet or ring encircling a column
 * Annulet or Charissa obscurata, a species of moth in the family Geometridae

title: Annulet


text:
Wild Adventures

Wild Adventures (known previously as Liberty Farms) is a zoological theme park in Clyattville, Georgia. It is located 5 mi south of Valdosta, Georgia, United States. The estate is owned by Herschend Family Entertainment and has been managed by Jon Vigue since October 2020. The park features rides and attractions including six roller coasters, exotic animals, and shows. Wild Adventures features Splash Island water park and concerts from country, pop, rock, Christian, and oldies superstars.

History
Kent Buescher, the founder of Wild Adventures and his wife Dawn, started the park on a plot of farmland outside of Valdosta, Georgia in 1996 for around $10 million. Wild Adventures started out as a small petting zoo known as Liberty Farms D&L. The park hosts six roller coasters and numerous flat rides. The rides were initially added to the park in 1998 and it has since rapidly grown. Splash Island, the park's water park, opened in 2003 as the park's largest expansion which includes several water slides and attractions.

In 2004, the Adventure Park Group purchased Cypress Gardens in Winter Haven, Florida, a company which was privately held by Buescher. Expansion slowed down for the park following the Cypress Gardens purchase. In 2005, Gauntlet was added, which is an S&S Power Screamin' Swing complex. For the park's 10th anniversary in 2006, the park announced their intent to add the Shaka Zulu River Adventure log flume, relocated from the defunct Miracle Strip Amusement Park in Panama City Beach Florida. The ride was delayed due to engineering problems, and never opened to the public.

In September 2006, Adventure Parks Group filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. On September 25, 2007, due to bankruptcy proceedings, Adventure Parks Group LLC auctioned off Cypress Gardens and Wild Adventures. Despite the Chapter 11 filing, the parks remained operational. The initial bids were set at $17.4 million for Cypress Gardens and $38.85 million for Wild Adventures, with a combined starting point of $53.25 million. The group’s financial woes, including $25 million in debt, were exacerbated by hurricanes in 2004 (Hurricane Charley, Hurricane Frances and Hurricane Jeanne) damaging Cypress Gardens. The Ledger reported that Herschend Family Entertainment had purchased Wild Adventures for $34.4 million.

Upon Herschend taking over the park, they removed the Gauntlet and stated that they do not plan on opening the Shaka Zulu River Adventure log flume ride. However, Herschend did open The Rattler, on March 21 2008. It is a Huss Frisbee type flat-ride manufactured by Moser Rides of Italy. Also, in 2008, the Tiger Terror roller coaster was sold and moved to Lowry Park Zoo in Tampa, Florida and renamed "Tasmanian Tiger". In February 2009, the American post-apocalyptic zombie comedy Zombieland amusement park scenes were filmed at Wild Adventures.

For the 2010 season, the park added several rides including Viking Voyage, Whirling Wildcats, and Falcon Flyers. All three rides were from the now-defunct Celebration City in Branson, Missouri. Gold Rush and Mystery Maze were removed. Bug Out was renamed Go Bananas. The S&S Doubleshot was renamed Firecracker. Two new rides, Tail Spin and Wacky Wheels, were added before the 2013 season; in 2015 Jungle Rumble, a flat ride, was added.

Before the 2019 season, Fiesta Express was moved out of storage and became Swampwater Snake in a new children themed area Discovery Outpost, the S&S Doubleshot was renamed Blazer Blast off. After the 2019 season, Viking Voyage moved to Fun Spot Kissimmee. Beginning in the 2020 season, Blackfoot Falls was renovated and renamed Island Falls, and the Pharaoh's Fury was moved to another zone of the park after the closure of surrounding rides. In early 2021 it was announced that the park's CCI wooden coaster Cheetah would be retired after closure in the 2020 season, as were the park's go-karts and mini-golf course.

For the 2022 season, the Falcon Flyers was renamed the American Flyers and received a patriotic paint job. Brews and Bites, a restaurant, started selling alcoholic beverages - also new covered seating and live concert area were added to it. At the end of the season, the Yo-Yo ride had been removed from the park. In 2023, the Go Bananas roller coaster was renamed to Marsh Mayhem. Sidewinder flat ride was renamed Sandstorm Chaser and moved to the new Oasis Outpost themed area of the park.

Sections
In 2019 the park built Discovery Outpost, a new children's section, with all rides in the area being recycled, and many rides being repainted and renovated to match the theme of the area. Oasis Outpost was added for the 2023 season with 2 rides being moved to this new section - the Sidewinder was renamed the Sandstorm Chaser and the Trail Trackers. Past themes included Base Camp, Bugsville, Australian Outback, Alapaha Preserve, The Lagoon, African Pridelands, and Wild West.

Splash Island Water Park
Splash Island is a Polynesian themed water park and is free with admission into Wild Adventures. It takes up 27 acre of the 166 acre park with seven rides, and five shops. It is frequently the most crowded area of the park. Splash Island first opened in 2003 being Wild Adventures largest expansion since rides were introduced in 1999.

When Splash Island was opened it had no theming and more closely resembled a community pool center. In 2008, Wild Adventures announced that Splash Island would undergo a $4 million renovation turning the park into a Polynesian themed paradise. Wild Adventures also announced their intent to build a new ride, the Wahee Cyclone.

Rides

 * Bonzai Pipelines
 * 3 Inter-twined slides featuring the tallest slides in Georgia built in 2004

 * Catch-a-wave bay
 * A large 25000 sqft wave pool built in 2003

 * Hakini Rapids
 * A 5-Story "Family Sized" water slide with unexpected turns and drops built in 2011

 * Kalani Blasters
 * 2 Medium sized inter-twined slides built in 2003

 * Kona Cliffs
 * A giant, "Family Sized" speed slide with three drops built in 2011

 * Paradise River
 * A relaxing "lazy river" through the water park built in 2003

 * Polynesian Adventure
 * A 4-story water fortress built in 2003

 * Wahee Cyclone
 * A 5-story water tornado built in 2009

 * Sea Turtle Cove
 * A small water play area for younger children built in 2006

Annual events

 * Boy Scouts Day
 * Girl Scouts Day
 * Great Pumpkin LuniNights and Pumpkin Spice Festival - Halloween themed event with several attractions, Terror in the Wild is currently discontinued and it was replaced by one of these seasonal Fall events such as this one.
 * Wild Adventures Christmas - Christmas themed event.

title: Wild Adventures


text:
User talk:T Long

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Hash table
Nice rewrite of Hash table. Good work! --Shibboleth 06:05, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Image:Alpha compositing.jpg
Would you be kind enough to update Image:Alpha compositing.jpg as to its source and copyright status? Thanks. —Vespristiano 18:42, 6 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 * Done — T Long 08:52, 2005 Jan 8 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of ICI (programming language)

The article ICI (programming language) has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Unable to find any evidence of notability or external sourcing"

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title: User talk:T Long


text: Talk:Hino, Tokyo

title: Talk:Hino, Tokyo


text:
Talk:Long-Term Capital Management

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 6 September 2020 and 7 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Martinmadison.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 02:48, 17 January 2022 (UTC)

We should be able to give a good capsule description in our very first sentence
This isn't a huge sprawling topic that most educated persons already know something about.

Instead, this is a very specific topic that many educated persons have never heard of. I think we can achieve a good one-sentence summary. And if that's all many people want, they can read it and move on.

"Too Interconnected to Fail?" Stephen Slivinski, senior editor of Region Focus, quarterly publication of the Federal Reserve Branch of Richmond [Virginia], which is the 5th of 12 districts of the U.S. Federal Reserve system, Summer 2009.

I'm going to start with this reference. FriendlyRiverOtter (talk) 19:35, 19 November 2021 (UTC)

--

This quarterly publication is now called Econ Focus. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/econ-focus-federal-reserve-bank-richmond-3941

 * Thanks for your work on the article. Protonk (talk) 15:51, 11 December 2021 (UTC)

Tone
I question whether this article maintains an appropriate encyclopedic tone. The discussion of its founding almost reads like a novel, by announcing the name of particular characters and things they were up to prior to founding LTCM. The strategy discussion again sounds more like the thesis of a non-fiction book trying to make a point about LTCM than an encyclopedia ("main strategy," "basically place a bet," etc.). Ditto for the "brightest star" line. The aside about how fixed income arbitrage works. The "disconcerting note," 17% being "actually right at the average," I could go on and on with examples, but from start to finish this reads more like an article in a magazine than an encyclopedia. MrArticleOne (talk) 23:16, 28 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Long-Term Capital Management


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Misteltein/Temp

Unimportant band, this page was created because the original attempt was a copyvio from the band's home page. Very few Google hits for Misteltein +Seron. RickK 04:30, Jul 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, non-encyclopedic. Rdsmith4 | Talk 05:09, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Dmeranda

This is my talk page. Please start new topics at the end (or use the "+" tab on this page), and sign all entries with ~~~~ (4 tildes). Thanks—Deron

Welcome to Wikipedia
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Good luck! [by User:Meelar on 00:33, 31 July 2004]

Question about merging iptables and Netfilter articles
I saw your comment about merging iptables and netfilter. I agree that a merge is probably best, but I'm very new to Wikipedia. How do we go about proposing and getting approval for such a change? Does one even need approval for such a change? — [[User:Franl|franl (talk)]] 02:39, 29 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Renaming Netfilter article?
Hi. The netfilter/iptables project page (www.netfilter.org) refers to the project as the "netfilter/iptables project". And now, Wikipedia has links named "iptables" that redirect to the Netfilter article. What do you think of renaming the Netfilter article to one of the following:

 * Netfilter/iptables
 * Netfilter and iptables
 * Netfilter/iptables Project

or something similar? [[User:franl|— franl (talk)]] 19:15, Dec 1, 2004 (UTC)

Functors
Hi, see the Functors talk page, thanks Trailcode 16:06, 30 January 2005

Barnstar
For thankless work cleaning up Wikipedia disambiguation pages according to MoS:DP, I award you this Working Man's Barnstar. Scott Ritchie 22:50, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

Oblate
Hi Dmeranda,

I saw your edits to the oblate article. The wording of the section below that is still a bit awkward. It's written in the third person, but I think it flows better when it is written in the second person.

This is what I have in mind: "To get a feel for the type of equilibrium that is involved, you can can take place in a swivel chair, with weights in your hands, and someone brings the chair into rotation. If you pull the weights closer to yourself, their your rotation rate goes up (by conservation of angular momentum), which means that additional contraction requires a stronger force than before."

I shall put this proposal also on the oblate talk page. --Cleonis | Talk 21:07, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

UTF-16/UCS-2 article
I've presented a problem on the UTF-16/UCS-2 talk page, maybe you would like to participate. --Kokoro9 (talk) 12:49, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

Thank you, thanks a lot!
Thanks a lot, Dmeranda! If you see the history, you will see that I had made that edit using AWB which is semi-automated. I will make sure not to make such mistakes further. I award you the following barnstar for pointing out my mistake.

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Orphaned non-free image File:Compact OED entry.jpg
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title: User talk:Dmeranda


text:
Tommy Ivo

Tommy Ivo (born April 18, 1936), also known as "TV Tommy" and "Instant Ivo" is an actor and drag racer, who was active in the 1960s racing community.

Acting
Ivo was born in Denver, Colorado. His acting career began in the early 1940s, with notable performances including Cousin Arne in I Remember Mama (1948), Joey in Prejudice (1949), David in The Lost Volcano with Johnny Sheffield. and William Button in Plymouth Adventure (1952).

In 1955 Ivo appeared as Shelby in the "Heart of a Cheater" episode of the Lone Ranger TV show. He also appeared in Make Room for Daddy as daughter Terry's boyfriend Walter in "Terry Goes Steady" in 1958. The teenage Hot Rod film entitled Ghost of Dragstrip Hollow (1959), features a brief appearance of Tommy Ivo as a dragster racer and race car builder. From 1959 to 1961, Ivo appeared as Herbie Bailey on The Donna Reed Show.

In 1961 Ivo appeared as William, the young son of Motel owner Mrs Prattle -‘Praytell’- in the American ‘neo noir’ crime Film “The Cat Burglar” written by Actor and former criminal Leo Gordon, starring Jack Hogan, June Kenney and John Baer.

Ivo guest starred in an episode of the syndicated adventure television series, Rescue 8 and in two episodes of Leave It to Beaver. He also guest starred on the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, Sugarfoot and on the NBC western series The Tall Man. In several episodes of Father Knows Best, he played one of the Bud Anderson's friends. During the 1961–62 TV season, Ivo played the role of Haywood Botts in another ABC sitcom, Margie. In 1963 he appeared in the "Honeymoon Hotel" episode of the Petticoat Junction.

Racing
In the late 1950s, Ivo raced a twin (side by side) Buick nailhead-engined dragster which was the first gasoline-powered dragster to break the nine-second barrier.

The car held the Drag News AA/GD et record at 8.69. The Twin Buick also was the first gas dragster to record speeds of 170, 175 and 180 mph which were Standard 1320 records as well. It was unique in appearance and won numerous races, including NASCAR's first National Drag Race. Later he designed a four-engine, four-wheel-drive dragster he called Showboat (with a quartet of Nailheads), but NHRA ruled it the first "exhibition" dragster, and he was unable to race it. In 1963, Ivo's Barnstormer, a nitro-burning 392 Hemi-powered slingshot, purchased to replace the failed Videoliner, ) became one of only two seven-second Top Fuel dragsters, so he staged a Seven Second Match Race with the other, the Greer Black Prudhomme dragster, driven by Don Prudhomme – Prudhomme won. During 1964, Ivo traveled to England, with Don Garlits and other racers, to participate in the First International Drag Festival, a six-event series that did much to promote drag racing in the United Kingdom.

During 1972 and 1973, Ivo attended 100 race meets; this record was matched only by "Jungle Jim" Liberman and Ed "The Ace" McCulloch.

Awards

 * He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2005 for his drag racing career.
 * Ranked No.25 on the National Hot Rod Association Top 50 Drivers, 1951–2000.

title: Tommy Ivo


text:
Chrysiogenaceae

Chrysiogenaceae is a family of bacteria.

Phylogeny
The phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 and 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214.

title: Chrysiogenaceae


text:
Edward Chichester, 1st Viscount Chichester

Edward Chichester, 1st Viscount Chichester (1568 – 8 July 1648) of Eggesford in Devon, was Governor of Carrickfergus and Lord High Admiral of Lough Neagh, in Ireland.

Origins
He was the third son of Sir John Chichester (died 1569), knight, lord of the manor of Raleigh, in the parish of Pilton, Devon, about three-quarters of a mile north-east of the historic centre of Barnstaple, by his wife Gertrude Courtenay (1521–1566), a daughter by his second marriage of Sir William Courtenay (1477–1535) "The Great" of Powderham, MP for Devon 1529–1535, and a distant cousin of the Earl of Devon. He was thus the younger brother of Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Chichester of Belfast (1563–1625), founder of Belfast.

Career
He was knighted in 1616, and after his brother's death in 1625 was in his memory ennobled as Baron Chichester, of Belfast, and Viscount Chichester, of Carrickfergus, both in the County of Antrim, both in the Peerage of Ireland. He succeeded his brother in his extensive estates as well as in his offices of Governor of Carrickfergus and Lord High Admiral of Lough Neagh. He took his seat in the Irish House of Lords in 1634.

Marriages and children
Edward Chichester married twice:
 * Firstly in 1605 to Anne Copleston (1588–1616), the sole daughter and heiress of John Copleston Esq., (died 1606) of Eggesford by his wife Dorothy Biston (died 29 July 1601). They had the following children:
 * Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall (1606–1674) the eldest son.
 * Col. John Chichester (died 1647), a Royalist during the Civil War, who married Mary Jones, eldest daughter of Roger Jones, 1st Viscount Ranelagh (d. 1643), an Irish peer and Lord President of Connaught.
 * Lt-Col. Edward Chichester (born 1611), a Royalist during the Civil War, who married Elisabeth Fisher, 5th daughter of Sir Edward Fisher, Knight, the latter who in 1611 had obtained letters patent from King James I for extensive lands in Wexford, Ireland, from which he ejected the local population by force of arms and formed into the "Manor of Chichester", and in 1617 renamed Fisherstown, with his seat at "Fisher's Prospect".
 * Elizabeth Chichester, eldest daughter, wife of Sir William Wrey, 2nd Baronet (1600–1645) of Trebeigh, St Ive, Cornwall and North Russell, Sourton, Devon, MP for Liskeard, Cornwall in 1624. Her eldest son was Sir Chichester Wrey, 3rd Baronet (1628–1668), of Trebeigh, MP for Lostwithiel in Cornwall. Both the 2nd and 3rd Baronets were Royalists during the Civil War.
 * Mary Chichester, younger daughter, who married firstly Thomas Wise of Sydenham in the parish of Marystow, Devon, and secondly John Harris of Radford.
 * Secondly after 1616 and before 1626, as evidenced by a date stone on Eggesford Barton bearing the inscription: "E.C.M. 1626", to Mary Denham.

Death and burial
Lord Chichester died on 8 July 1648 at his manor of Eggesford in Devon, where he was buried.

Monument
Lord Chichester has a particularly fine alabaster effigy and monument against the north wall of the north aisle (Chichester Chapel) in Eggesford Church, Devon, to the immediate west of which stood his manor house, Eggesford House, demolished in 1824. The monument shows recumbent effigies of himself and his first wife with two tablets above inscribed as follows:

 * "Here rest in hope of Resurrection the body of the Right Hon.bl Sr. Edward Chichester knt., Lord Chichester, Barron of Belfast. Viscount Chichester of Carrickfergus, governor of the same &c., and one of His Majesties most hon.ble Privy Counsell for the Kingdome of Ireland, sonne of Sr. John Chichester of Rawleigh knight; and the body of Dame Anne his wife sole daughter and heire of John Copleston of Eggesford Esq.r. who had issue Arthur his eldest sonne now Lord Viscount Chichester, Earle of Donegall &c, who first married Dorcas, daughter of John Hill of Honnely in Warwickshire, Esq. and had issue by her one daughter; afterwards the Lady Mary eldest daughter of John, Earle of Bristol and had issue by her six sonnes & two daughters. John his second sonne who married Mary, eldest daughter of Roger Viscount Rannelagh and Edward his youngest sonne who married Elisabeth daughter of Sr. Edward Fisher knight; Elisabeth his eldest daughter who married Sr. William Wrey knt. & Barro.ett; Mary his youngest daughter who first married Thomas Wise of Syddenham afterwards John Harris of Radforde Esq. Hee departed this life on the 8 and was buried on ye 13-day of July Anno 1648. Shee departed this life on the 8 and was buried on the 11-day of March Anno 1616. This monument was prepared by himself in his lifetime but now erected and finished by the said Arthur Lord Viscount Chichester, Earle of Donegall, January the 11 Anno Domini 1648".

On a lunette above, probably the text planned by the deceased himself: "In memory of Edward Lord Viscount Chichester & Dame Anne his wife and in humble acknowledgement of the good providence of God in advancing their house". "Fam'd Arthur Ireland's dreade in armes in peace, Her tutelar genius Bellfast's honour wonne, Edward and Anne, blest payre, begott increase, Of lands and heires: Viscount was grafted onn, Next Arthur in God's caus and King's stak't all, And had to's honour added Donnegall".

On the wall to the right above the monument is a black stone tablet inscribed as a memorial to Anne Copleston's parents: "Here lyeth buried ye bodies of John Copleston Esq., & Dorothie his wife daughter to Sr. George Biston of Biston Castel in Chelshere, knight. They had issue Anne their sole daught. & heire who is now maryed to Edwarde Chichester Esq., one of ye sonnes of Sr. John Chichester of Rawleigh, knight, in whose memory the said Edwarde Chichester their son in law hath erected this monument in ye yere 1614. She departed ye 29 July in ye yere 1601 he departed ye 11 of ... in ye yere 1606, living together 30 yeres in much peace w.th God & lovinge societie e.ch w.th other". Sir George Beeston (c. 1520 – 1601) of Beeston House near Bunbury, Crewe, Cheshire, acquired Beeston Castle from the Crown shortly before his death. He was a naval captain who commanded HMS Dreadnought against the Spanish Armada in 1588, and was knighted at sea on board the Ark Royal by Lord Howard of Effingham the Lord High Admiral. He served as MP for Cheshire in 1589. His wife, and Dorothy's mother, was Alice Davenport (died 1591), daughter of Thomas Davenport Esq., of Henbury. Sir George's effigy and elaborate monument exist against the north wall of the sanctuary in St Boniface's Church, Bunbury.


text:
Talk:Seizure of the Dublin General Post Office (GPO)

From VfD:

Badly written and esoteric article with an overly long and pointless name. Only one page links here, and all this information is covered much more thouroughly under Easter Rising, or General Post Office (Dublin). -R. fiend 04:39, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - redundant. Rdsmith4 | Talk 05:07, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to Easter Rising, as this particular battle was one of the centerpieces of the rebellion, then delete. Geogre 13:39, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect. Ambi 11:17, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion


text: Category:Fictional currencies

title: Category:Fictional currencies


text: User talk:63.193.152.37

title: User talk:63.193.152.37


text:
Magua

Magua is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the 1826 novel The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper. This historical novel is set at the time of the French and Indian War. A Huron Indian chief, he is also known by the French alias "Le Renard Subtil" ("The Wily Fox").

Magua is the enemy of Colonel Munro, the commandant of Fort William Henry, and attempts on several occasions to abduct the colonel's daughters, Cora and Alice. He also assists the French leader, the Marquis de Montcalm, in his attack on the fort.

Magua reveals how his life was shattered by being abducted himself by the Mohawks, the traditional enemies of the Huron. His life was spared, and he was adopted into the tribe. During his time with the Mohawks, Magua met up with Colonel Munro, who punished him by tying him to a whipping-post for drinking whiskey, which he calls fire-water. Later, when he returned to the Huron village, he found that his wife had married another.

In the novel, his attempts to force Munro's daughter Cora to become his wife and his hatred of the English lead to his downfall and death. He captures both daughters, but is pursued by their father, David Gamut, Hawkeye, Chingachgook, and Uncas. Magua kills Uncas during his attempt to free Cora, and one of Magua's companions stabs Cora, causing her death. Hawkeye soon shoots Magua, who falls from a cliff shouting his defiance to the end.

In the most recent film version of this novel in 1992, Magua blames all his past misfortunes on Colonel Munro and swears to kill both Munro and his two daughters. He captures Munro during an ambush of the British evacuation of the fort, then cuts out his heart after telling his enemy his motives and plans. Later he kills Uncas. He himself is then killed by Chingachgook, the father of Uncas.

Portrayals

 * The Last of the Mohicans (1920 American film) - Wallace Beery
 * The Last of the Mohicans (1932 serial)'' - Bob Kortman
 * The Last of the Mohicans (1936 film) - Bruce Cabot
 * Last of the Redskins (1947 film) - Buster Crabbe
 * The Last of the Mohicans (1971 BBC TV serial) - Philip Madoc
 * The Last of the Mohicans (1992 film) - Wes Studi

title: Magua


text:
User talk:LunaVox

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text: User talk:68.48.185.210

title: User talk:68.48.185.210


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User talk:Croquesaveur

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User talk:Elwikipedista~enwiki

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The Humungous Image Tagging Project
Hi. You've helped with the WikiProject Wiki Syntax, so I thought it worth alerting you to the latest and greatest of Wikipedia fixing project, User:Yann/Untagged Images, which is seeking to put copyright tags on all of the untagged images. There are probably, oh, thirty thousand or so to do (he said, reaching into the air for a large figure). But hey: they're images ... you'll get to see lots of random pretty pictures. That must be better than looking for at at and the the, non? You know you'll love it. best wishes --Tagishsimon (talk)

 * www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html
 * www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.it.html
 * http://gnu.digitaltrust.it/encyclopedia/announcement.es.html

NIDDK pages
Hey Elwikipedista, thanks for finding those NIDDK pages. I notice, however:
 * No disclaimers please. There are two disclaimer links on every page, and a third one is unnecessary.
 * The text is not copyedited at all:
 * Wikipedia should not address its readers. "You should eat more fiber" is very unencyclopedic. "Patients with constipation are usually advised to increase their fiber intake" is better.
 * There are no Wikilinks to the many related articles we have.
 * We don't need addresses at the bottom.

I'll try to clean up cirrhosis and constipation, but Wikipedia still suffers from old articles that have been copy&pasted without editing in the past. I'm trying to prevent this problem now. JFW | T@lk  08:39, 24 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Eponymous?
Hello. I fail to see what is in any way eponymous about the name law of large numbers. Large is not a person's name, and if it were, it would be capitalized. Michael Hardy 20:58, 20 Jan 2005 (UTC)

fy:Wikipedy:Ynfo
I see you created three of redirections like fy:Wikipedy:Ynfo on Fy:. Was there a particular reason for those? (Several changes in the software have resulted broken links in some places, but the lack of documentation makes it hard for us to know where.) Aliter 16:48, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Relational theory & databases

 * Relational Theory. http://cs.anu.edu.au/people/Carol.Edmondson/theory/index.shtml

INGO
I'm kind of confused why you made INGO a disambiguation page, but there's nothing being disambiguated, as there's only one term there. NickelShoe 01:12, 8 January 2006 (UTC)

es interwiki on cite book
Hi, Elwikipedista. Re: : I think this is not needed. The Spanish interwiki link is already on the template page itself. It was added in this edit and it is still there. The interwikis are usually added on the template page itself not on the talk of the template. Best wiki-greetings, --Ligulem 21:28, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

Postcrossing
Hi there

I invite you to put this userbox on your userpage !

Just click edit this page to see the code for it ! Happy Postcrossing! Swollib 11:13, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

Re:Template:Commons: Interwiki update
I made the changes you requested. Please let me know if I missed any. - EurekaLott 04:31, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

PostgreSQL Management Tools
I have added a "" template to the article PostgreSQL Management Tools, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree with the notice, discuss the issues at its talk page. Removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, but the article may still be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached, or if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria.

I am letting you know since you are the only person who has made several edits to the article. -- intgr 15:25, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

External Link - Tenka Text: an open-source (GPLed) corpus analysis tool
Hi, may I ask why you have considered it necessary to add "(GPLed)" to the link description? Is it positive or negative for a project to be GPLed or was yours a purely informative action? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 91.17.219.59 (talk) 13:24, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Creating disambiguation pages
I don't believe it's proper Wiki framework to create disambiguation pages when only one article by that name exists, as you did with Yutaka Yamamoto. If only one article exists, there is nothing to disambiguate, no matter how notable you think the person may be. Pairadox 20:54, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Typo redirect Lanceheads
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 * Hi Elwikipedista! I was attempting to delete this redirect because it's a plural form of the term and wasn't being used. There was already a singular version in place. (PS -- Please answer here, as I've temporarily added your talk page to my watchlist). --Jwinius (talk) 19:39, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

Argentum Online
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Speedy deletion nomination of CEAN
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ArbCom elections are now open!
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title: User talk:Elwikipedista~enwiki


text:
User:Jzhang/newtech

=WARNING!=

Submitters must not submit anything related to Microsoft. anything related to Microsoft will be almost Immediatly deleted.

title: User:Jzhang/newtech


text:
Eight Immortals Mountain

The Pa-hsien Mountain, or Eight Immortals Mountain, is a mountain in Heping District, Taichung, Taiwan. It is a branch of Mount Yu. Its height is 2,448 metres, which is around 8,000 Taiwanese feet (台尺). The pronunciation of eight thousand (baqian) and eight immortals are similar in Chinese, hence the name.

One of the three major logging stations in Taiwan used to be in the forest. There is an amusement park located on the part of the mountain that is located in Heping District. It is estimated that there are 59 native birds and 5 migratory birds.

title: Eight Immortals Mountain


text:
Don Mischer

Donald Leo Mischer (born March 5, 1940) is an American producer and director of television and live events and president of Don Mischer Productions.

Career
Mischer has been honored with fifteen Emmy Awards, a record ten Directors Guild of America Awards for Outstanding Directorial Achievement, two NAACP Image Awards, a Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting, and the 2012 Norman Lear Achievement Award in Television from the Producers Guild of America and the 2019 Directors Guild of America Lifetime Achievement Award for Television.

As a producer/director, his credits include the Oscars, We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial, the Kennedy Center Honors, the 100th anniversary of Carnegie Hall, Motown 25, the Super Bowl Halftime Shows (Michael Jackson, Prince, the Rolling Stones, Paul McCartney, Tom Petty, and Bruce Springsteen), the Democratic National Convention, and the Opening Ceremonies of the 1996 Summer Olympics and 2002 Winter Olympics. Mischer has also produced specials with Beyoncé, Bono, Prince, Rihanna, Britney Spears, Bruce Springsteen, James Taylor, Taylor Swift, Stevie Wonder, Sting, Garth Brooks, Mary J. Blige, Elton John, Justin Timberlake, Barbra Streisand, Cher, Yo Yo Ma, and Morgan Freeman, among others. He also presided as director over the 1975 flop, Saturday Night Live With Howard Cosell, which he blamed on the inexperience and indifference of producer Roone Arledge.

He has received the Governors Award from the National Association of Choreographers and is a member of the Event Industry Hall of Fame, the Producers Guild of America, the Directors Guild of America, and the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, where he has served two terms on the board of governors. As a member of the Directors Guild of America, he has served three terms on the National Board, and in 2019 received the DGA's Lifetime Achievement Award for Television, only the fourth such award ever given for television. On December 11, 2014, Mischer received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

In November of 2023, Mischer published his memoir “:10 Seconds to Air: My Life in the Director’s Chair,” recounting the entire span of his career. Book review magazine Kirkus Reviews wrote “Mischer's writing style is in formal and charming – he creates an atmosphere of candor and intimacy without going out of his way to ingratiate himself to readers. As a result, his recollection is thoroughly entertaining, but also affecting and thoughtful. A frank, insightful recollection of an accomplished career."

Personal life
Mischer was born in San Antonio, Texas, the son of Lillian and Elmer Mischer. After graduating from Douglas MacArthur High School in San Antonio, Mischer completed his education at the University of Texas Austin. He graduated with a BA degree in 1961 and with a master's degree in sociology and political science in 1963. Mischer's work took him to Washington, D.C., where he worked with the US Information Agency and Oscar-winning documentarian Charles Guggenheim. With his first wife Beverly, he has two children, Jennifer Christine and Heather Mischer Godsey. After 10 years in New York, he relocated to Los Angeles, where he had two children, Charles Donald and Lilly Ellison, with his wife Suzan Reed Mischer, a former CBS executive and graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design.

Accolades

 * Mischer has 40 Primetime Emmy nominations, with 15 Emmy wins: 13 wins through The Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, and 2 wins through the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences.
 * 10 Directors Guild of America Awards for Outstanding Directorial Achievement.
 * George Foster Peabody Award for Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever.
 * Norman Lear Achievement Award in Television, from the Producers Guild of America (2012).
 * Directors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award (2019). Only the fourth such award given for Television Direction.
 * 2 NAACP Image Awards.
 * Governors Award from the National Association of Choreographers.
 * Membership in the Event Industry Hall of Fame.
 * Received Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on December 11, 2014.
 * Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Cinematographers Guild

2004 Democratic National Convention
In 2004, he produced the Democratic National Convention at the FleetCenter in Boston. After John Kerry's acceptance speech, balloons were supposed to drop from the ceiling onto the delegates below. However, the balloons got stuck in the ceiling and did not fall. Mischer subsequently lost his temper with his tech crew and his profanities were aired accidentally by CNN's live broadcast.

title: Don Mischer


text:
Punchinello (disambiguation)

Punchinello may refer to:

 * Punchinello, an American satirical magazine
 * Pulcinella, the commedia character, and its English descendant, Punch
 * Punchinello Players – Student theater at the University of Minnesota, St.Paul Campus for 80 years (1914 – 1994).
 * The third main boss in the SNES video game Super Mario RPG
 * The main character in Max Lucado's 1997 book, You Are Special and subsequent books about Lucado's fictional society of wooden people called the "Wemmicks"
 * The Punchinello crime family and its leader, Don Angelo Punchinello, the main antagonists for the first couple of chapters of the video game Max Payne
 * A clown marionette seen in "Grandpa's Magical Toys" (1988), a video in the Wee Sing video series (played by Joel Morello) and "Wee Singdom" (1996), a video in the Wee Sing video series (played by Thom Rivera replacing the 1988 departed Joel Morello for/from playing Punchinello the Clown)
 * Zemeros flegyas or Punchinello, a species of butterfly of South Asia

title: Punchinello (disambiguation)


text:
Huff-Daland XB-1

The Huff-Daland XB-1 was a prototype bomber aircraft built for the United States Army Air Corps.

The XB-1 was the first aircraft named using just a B- designation. Prior to 1926, the U.S. Army used LB- and HB- prefixes, signifying 'Light Bomber' and 'Heavy Bomber'. The first XB-1, called the Super-Cyclops by Huff-Daland, was an extension of the earlier Huff-Daland XHB-1 'Cyclops'. It was essentially the same in size, but sported a twin tail and twin engines.

Design and development
The XB-1's gunnery arrangement was new for an American bomber, but it had been previously used by the British and the Germans during World War I. The Army Air Corps had decided that single-engined bombers such as the XHB-1 performed worse, and weren't as safe as twin-engined bombers.

Operational history
The aircraft flew for the first time in September 1927. Its original Packard engines did not provide enough power for the aircraft, and it was refitted with more powerful Curtiss Aircraft "Conqueror" engines. This new configuration was designated the XB-1B.

Three other similar aircraft designs were requested by the Army Air Corps around the same time which competed against the XB-1 for the contract. Of these three (the XB-2 Condor, the Sikorsky S-37 and the Fokker XLB-2), the Curtiss model eventually won, and only a single XB-1 was ever produced.

title: Huff-Daland XB-1


text: User talk:202.45.121.254

title: User talk:202.45.121.254


text:
User talk:Mrchops10

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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User talk:Wbarnum

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Spam in Streamlight
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Streamlight, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Streamlight is blatant advertising for a company, product, group, service or person that would require a substantial rewrite in order to become an encyclopedia article. To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Streamlight, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to contact the bot operator if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that '''this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. To see the user who deleted the page, click here''' CSDWarnBot (talk) 12:31, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

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