text:
Eric Martin (musician)

Eric Lee Martin (born October 10, 1956) is an American rock singer who was active throughout the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, both as solo artist and as a member of various bands. He rose to prominence as the frontman for the hard rock band Mr. Big, which scored a big hit in the early 1990s with "To Be with You", a song that Martin wrote during his teen years.

A native of the San Francisco Bay Area, Martin first started his career in the music industry in 1966 At the age of 10.

Early years
Eric Martin is the son of Frederick Lee "Pepper" Martin and Iris Martin. He has three younger siblings named Dan, Joan and Laurie, and is half-Irish, half-Italian.

Martin was a drummer for a short while. Realizing it fit his personality better, he opted for frontman/lead vocalist in the next bands he joined. He played in a handful of teen rock groups with Randy Richardson, Fil Pearl and Ric Walz-Smith, such as S.F. Bloodshy and Backhome while attending Foothill High School in Sacramento, California. He performed in a punk band in the mid-1970s called The Innocents with Walz-Smith and Connie Champagne. Also, in 1974 and 1975, he played college clubs with Jim Preston in The J.C. Michaels Band. He started to make it big when he joined Stark Raving Mad (which also included future Winger guitarist/keyboardist Paul Taylor) in Santa Rosa, California. Stark Raving Mad, which also included Donavan Stark and Brian Stark, cut a demo with Bearsville Records that was produced by Chris Nicks, brother of Stevie Nicks.

During the summer break in 1974, Martin joined a musical comedy workshop held at Mira Loma High School in Sacramento. He auditioned for the part of Judas; although he ultimately did not get the role, he did become the understudy. Martin credits the honing of his voice to his teacher, Judy Davis. She taught him diction, stamina, and breath-control.

The Martin family finally settled in the San Francisco Bay Area in about 1976. Martin attended Galileo High School and met up with some of the band members who would join him in his first successful venture: Kid Courage. Kid Courage opened for AC/DC for two shows in the Bay Area, which were AC/DC's first shows in America.

Martin was invited to audition for various iconic bands in the 1970s and 1980s, namely, Van Halen, Toto, and Rainbow. He received a call directly from Eddie Van Halen in 1985 who told him he "liked his voice" and wanted to meet the following week. Martin flew to Los Angeles to audition, and on arriving at the Airport he met Sammy Hagar who told Martin that he had already got the job, so Martin decided not to go to the audition with Van Halen.

Musical influences
Martin grew up listening to both soul and rock icons in the 1970s, such as Otis Redding, Paul Rodgers, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Edgar Winter, Free, and Humble Pie. When he was about 13 to 15 years old, while living in Italy, he was introduced musically to different artists under Motown Records and Stax/Volt Records.

He often collaborates and performs with fellow songwriter and friend Andre Pessis.

415 / Eric Martin Band (1978–1985)
Martin had decided to live independently by the age of 18. His first job was selling ice-cream. Later, John Nymann, guitarist for the band Mile Hi, gave him a call and asked if he would want to form a new band together. The two had known each other since their former bands (Mile Hi and Kid Courage) had played together at the Mabuhay Gardens on Broadway in San Francisco. In agreement, Nymann and Martin got people together from both their previous bands, and formed a new group named 415 – which was the telephone area code for the San Francisco Bay Area, since every person in the band was from there.

415 was formed in late 1979. It marked the start of Martin's career as lead vocalist. He stated, "415 played hundreds of shows at area nightclubs, beer parties, even high school and college dances, before eventually headlining San Francisco's premiere night club – the Old Waldorf. Selling out in advance, word quickly spread about our dynamic live shows and soon we were opening for established acts like Billy Squier, Hall & Oates, Rick Springfield, Molly Hatchet, the Marshall Tucker Band, and Foreigner, to name a few. Eventually, without yet being signed to a recording contract, we played in front of 60,000 fans at Oakland Stadium at Bill Graham's Days on the Green Concert." The band became a popular local draw, all the while still being an unsigned act.

415 was later signed on to Elektra/Asylum Records under the management of Walter "Herbie" Herbert, Ron Chiarottino, and Sandy Einstein. These three persons managed and worked for the band Journey. The management decided to change the name of the band to the Eric Martin Band (EMB), as singer-named bands were popular during that time. EMB debuted their first album in 1983, entitled Sucker for a Pretty Face. The LP received a gold disc (certification?), and consequently led to the band's appearance on American Bandstand and in various arena tours as the opening act for ZZ Top, Night Ranger, and Journey. In one interview, Eric mentions that they "worked thousands of shows, from clubs, to frat house parties, Bill Graham concerts, opening for anybody and everybody." One of the most acclaimed performances of the band was a solo tour in 1983 held at Honolulu, Hawaii. But despite continuing to land high-profile gigs as support for some of the most popular acts at the time, the band decided to split up in 1985 after returning from the ZZ Top tour.

Solo career after Eric Martin Band (1985–1988)
After the break-up, Martin continued involving himself in several recordings and gigs. He contributed to the track "I Can't Stop the Fire" from the movie soundtrack Teachers, as well as "These Are the Good Times" and "Eyes of the World" from the movie Iron Eagle. In 1985, Eric Martin released a self-titled album Eric Martin, featuring the minor hit "The Information" which peaked at No. 87 mid-year. It was followed later on in 1987 by I'm Only Fooling Myself, which was re-issued in 2008 by Rock Candy Records. The album is a compilation of songs written by such people as Myles Hunter, John Waite, and a whole host of other established songwriters. It also included top West Coast session musicians such as drummers Mike Baird (who worked with Rick Springfield and Journey) and Mickey Curry (with Bryan Adams and Hall and Oates), guitarists Richie Zito, Tim Pierce, Michael Landau, and Rick Nowells. A compilation of the two solo albums are available on Soul Sessions – The Capitol Years CD.

Mr. Big (1988–2002, 2009–present)
In 1988, Martin teamed up with Billy Sheehan, Pat Torpey, and Paul Gilbert to form Los Angeles supergroup Mr. Big. The band combined "shredding" musicianship with melodic vocal harmonies. The reputations of the players generated immediate interest in fellow musicians, and the band was signed to Atlantic Records in 1989. That year, the band released their eponymous debut, which received critical and commercial success in the US and Japan. In June 1990, the group toured America with the Canadian band Rush.

The group's 1991 release, Lean into It, featured two ballads that established them as a commercial success: "To Be with You" (number one song in 15 countries) and "Just Take My Heart". The album was followed by a British tour in April and May of the same year, supported by bands The Throbs and Heartland.

After another British tour, the band released the Mr. Big Live album in 1992. Mr. Big continued work on a third album as they headlined shows across the U.K. in 1993. In December, the band notably broke away from this run to play as support act for Aerosmith's three-night, sold-out stand at London's Wembley Arena.

In 1993, another ballad from Mr. Big's new album Bump Ahead rose to the top 10 of the charts – a cover of Cat Stevens' "Wild World". Although the band was unable to sustain commercial success in the US, their popularity in Japan continued to soar, leading to several Japan-only live albums as Raw Like Sushi I, Raw Like Sushi II, Japandemonium, and Mr. Big in Japan In 1996, Mr. Big released Hey Man, which sold strongly in the Far East. In 1997, the band released the album Live At Budokan before taking a break from recording and touring.

While recording their fifth studio album, Paul Gilbert announced his decision to leave the band, and new guitarist Richie Kotzen was added to the lineup. The new line-up of Mr. Big released Get Over It in September 1999 in Japan. Get Over It yielded "Superfantastic", a number one hit in Japan that went multi-platinum. It proved to be Atlantic's biggest selling release in that territory. Mr. Big put in a 20-date tour of Japan followed by a rousing New Year's Eve 1999 show with Aerosmith at the Osaka Dome in Osaka. Get Over It was released in the U.S. on March 21, 2000, followed by a short club stint at The Roxy Theater in West Hollywood.

In the summer of 2001, Martin and the rest of Mr. Big released Actual Size in Japan and the rest of Asia. The CD stayed on the charts in the number three spot and "Shine" the first single off the album was number one. The song was also used as the ending theme for the animation series, Hellsing. Though headed for a breakup, the members of Mr. Big performed a farewell tour of Japan and Asia in 2002 as part of a contract they were obliged to comply with.

A near Mr. Big "one-off" reunion took place on May 13, 2008, in Los Angeles, at the House of Blues, when Paul Gilbert was joined onstage by Pat Torpey, Richie Kotzen and Billy Sheehan for renditions of Humble Pie's "30 Days in the Hole" and original Mr. Big composition "Daddy, Brother, Lover, Little Boy". Reportedly, the three had such an amazing time that they decided to contact Eric Martin a few days later, and a reunion of the four original members (Paul, Eric, Pat, and Billy) was put into motion.

The reunion was first officially announced on February 1, 2009, in a Japanese radio program called "Heavy Metal Syndicate by Koh Sakai". The interviews and press conferences that followed shortly within the first two weeks of February revealed plans of the band to tour Japan in June 2009 and to release new albums. A world tour followed suit, with dates all across Europe, and several gigs in South East Asia, particularly in India, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, and South Korea.

In 2010, Mr. Big recorded a new album titled What If... produced by Kevin Shirley and released in early 2011.

On May 10, 2011, after almost two decades, Mr. Big played the Araneta Coliseum in Manila, the Philippines. The band performed most of the songs from "Lean into It", and also introduced new songs from What If.... The band embarked on a very successful South American tour that ended with two dates in Brazil, at the last of which in the city of Porto Alegre on July 10, according to Eric Martin, Mr. Big had an "end of the tour party" live in front of over 2,000 fans at the local rock venue Bar Opinião.

In October 2014, Mr. Big released ...The Stories We Could Tell with 13 new songs and a bonus live track of "Addicted to That Rush." They embarked on a world tour to support the record and an unofficial fifth member of the band joined them on the tour: drummer Matt Starr. Starr (most notably from Ace Frehley's band,) is a talented drummer and singer, and Mr. Big recruited him to sit in for Pat Torpey, who had recently been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. While Torpey did tour with the band, he played drums on only a few songs, and typically sat on a stool and sang with the band while Starr handled the rest of the drum duties. Additional dates are planned for rock cruises and West coast dates in early 2016. On July 7, 2017, Mr. Big released Defying Gravity, its ninth studio album. The record was recorded in a matter of six days to accommodate the schedules of the band members and the producer, and was released on the Frontiers Music SRL label. It featured 11 new songs and was produced by Kevin Elson, who also produced Mr. Big's debut record in 1989. They embarked on a tour of the United States, followed by tours of Europe and southeast Asia, including a return to the Philippines on October 12, 2017.

On February 7, 2018, drummer Pat Torpey died from complications of Parkinson's disease at the age of 64. His last show was at the Wulfrun Hall in Wolverhampton on November 23, 2017. A memorial show took place on May 23, 2018, at The Canyon in Agoura Hills, California, with former member Richie Kotzen as a special guest. The all-star finale of "To Be With You" included, among others, Matt Sorum, Dave Amato, Ricky Phillips, Keith St John, Prescott Niles, Kelly Keagy, Jeff Scott Soto, Ace Von Johnson and Gregg Bissonette.

In October 2018, Eric Martin said in interview with Friday NI Rocks that the band is in the process of planning their next album. According to him, once the band is done with its 2019 touring commitments, they will subsequently disband: "Yeah, that's the last hurrah – that's it. It feels a little uncomfortable to keep going without Pat Torpey."

Solo albums
While in Mr. Big, Martin was also involved in other projects on the side. In 1995, Martin was the vocalist in The Power Rangers Orchestra, which also featured Guns N' Roses member Matt Sorum. Their version of "Go Go Power Rangers" was featured in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie. Martin's third solo album, Somewhere in the Middle, was written during the two-year hiatus from Mr. Big. The CD was completed in 1998 and released in Japan, Southeast Asia, and Europe. Strong Japanese sales prompted a 1998 tour.

In between promoting and preparing for Mr. Big's 2002 "Farewell Tour", Martin continued to record songs for his fourth solo album. He promised a return to his "rawk roots" and he definitely did so with "I'm Goin' Sane" which was released in Asia, Europe, and the US in late 2002. After the success of a Japan tour, an appearance at the European "Gods Festival", and a 23-city US tour, Martin decided to go back to the studio to record Pure, an EP that covers his hits in an unplugged and stripped-down acoustic form. In 2003, Martin contributed his version of "Cheer Up" to the Japanese release Sincerely 2 – Mariya Takeuchi Song Book album. He also came to attention outside of his priority solo activities, portraying the character "Mr. Niko" for a 2004 "Genius" outing In Search of The Little Prince.

Later on, Martin would record another album entitled Destroy All Monsters, which would then be released in Japan, Europe, the US, and South America in 2004. The album's sound is something Eric calls "distorted pop" with a focus on his rock roots.

Tak Matsumoto Group
Later in 2002, Martin was contacted by Tak Matsumoto. Tak's band, B'z, has sold over 80 million records and held onto success for over 20 years in Japan. Tak decided to put together a rock band called Tak Matsumoto Group, or TMG, with his favorite players; this would include Eric on vocals, Jack Blades (Night Ranger/Damn Yankees) on bass, and, of course, himself on guitar. They spent four months writing and recording an album in Los Angeles, did a 10-day promotional tour in Japan, quickly followed by a Platinum album, and a 20-city sold-out tour from July to September, ending at the Budokan. The Japanese tour for TMG saw the inclusion of Mr. Big's "To Be With You" in the set list.

TMG was among the top five bands on melodicrock.com during that time, but the band no longer pursued tours beyond Japan.

During the same year TMG was in the works, Eric and Denise were also expecting twin boys by December. In light of this, Eric decided to lie low for the next couple of years.

On March 8, 2024, the band announced its reformation, with a second album and a nationwide tour across Japan in the works.

Work on different projects
From 2004 to 2007, Martin was involved in numerous projects while remaining near home. A more comprehensive collection of his works are available on Eric Martin's Official Site. His projects included singing tracks on albums of different composers/artists, singing for karaoke games, video games, and TV commercials, and joining benefit concerts all year round. Martin wrote and recorded the theme song for the Pride Fighting Championships, which was a major mixed martial arts organization. The song "The Last Man Standing" debuted New Year's Eve 2006 on pay-per-view to millions of viewers.

Martin also wrote and recorded a song for guitar legend Ronnie Montrose's CD, 10x10. He sings along with nine other singers including Sammy Hagar, Edgar Winter, Davey Pattison, and Mark Farner. The 10x10 album sparked interest in Eric's vocal performance and he was asked to sing the classic song "Guitar Man" with Ronnie Montrose, Denny Carmasi, and Ricky Phillips to take to the Sundance Film Festival. Martin also composed and performed a song called "Fly" for the commercial of Asahi Super Dry Beer in Japan, which was accompanied by a music video.

While taking his family on a stroll along the Marin County Fair, Eric was able to watch a performance by the Nelson Brothers and was later introduced to them by a common friend. The Nelson Brothers, Matthew and Gunnar, invited Eric to join them in the new 80s all-star band they were forming called "Scrap Metal". Generally, Scrap Metal would be a band dedicated to performing classic heavy metal and rock 'n' roll hits from the 80s and 90s.

On February 3, 2007, Eric Martin, together with Matthew and Gunnar Nelson of "Nelson", Mark Slaughter of "Slaughter", Jani Lane of "Warrant", and Kelly Keagy of "Night Ranger", performed under the "Scrap Metal" banner for an MTV filmed concert at the Mohegan Sun Hotel & Casino in Uncasville, Connecticut. They would compose the core of the band. A few months later, he made an appearance as a Guest Vocalist of Japanese Jazz Fusion Band T-Square on their album, 33. The song he was featured in is called "Tell the Truth", which is based on T-Square's hit from 1987, "Truth". Scrap Metal would tour around the US all year round. In most performances, they would often have different guests who were likewise players from other 80's bands.

In 2010, Eric participated in a tribute album titled Mister Bolin's Late Night Revival, a compilation of 17 previously unreleased tracks written by guitar legend Tommy Bolin, prior to his death in 1976. The CD includes other artists such as HiFi Superstar, Doogie White, Troy Luccketta, Jeff Pilson, Randy Jackson, Rachel Barton, Rex Carroll, Derek St. Holmes, Kimberley Dahme, and The 77's. A percentage of the proceeds from this project will benefit the Jackson Recovery Centers.

In 2013, Martin was invited to be part of the metal opera project Avantasia, by Tobias Sammet. Martin played the role of a beggar on the album The Mystery of Time, performing What's Left of Me, with Sammet. Martin was also part of their 2013 world tour in support of the album as one of the guest vocalists. He is also part of their 2016 world tour in support of the album Ghostlights, notably performing the guest vocal role in the songs "Dying for an Angel", "The Wicked Symphony" and "Twisted Mind".

Mr. Vocalist 1 and 2, solo touring
In early 2008, Martin was approached, again, by Sony Japan to do a project wherein he would cover (translated) famous Japanese Ballads sung by women. The album, entitled Mr. Vocalist, was released in November 2008 and topped the charts of several cities in Japan; it was also the number-one seller in several online record stores. The album would include ballads such as "I Believe" by Ayaka, "Yuki no Hana" by Mika Nakashima, and "M" by Princess Princess.

Seeing the success of Mr. Vocalist, Sony Japan opted to follow it up with another one. Mr. Vocalist 2 was unique from the first because all the songs included in it were famous international ballads, and were voted in by fans either through the Internet or through mobile phone. Martin and Sony Japan lined up about 30 international ballads sung by women, such as "Hero" by Mariah Carey, "My Heart Will Go On" by Celine Dion and "Eternal Flame" by The Bangles. The top 12 songs were taken from the list and were covered by Eric and Sony Japan's team of top musicians. The resulting album was released on March 4, 2009, and topped the charts all over Japan at its debut. For months, it continued to move along the top five albums in Japan.

From 2007 to 2009, Martin toured Europe, South America, and India, with different local bands backing him at each stop along the tour.

It all started as an idea a few years before; Eric and Denise were figuring out how to make tours overseas cost effective and fresh per performance. They would call promoters all around the world and book shows 5 months in advance, find the best rock musicians or the most popular bands in the big cities and have them learn 18 to 20 of Eric's tunes, send mp3's back and forth (and pray for the best). Eric performed all over the world with bands such as The Road Vultures from Argentina, Hayseed from Norway, Raw Like Sushi (a Mr. Big tribute band) from Italy, and John McNamara's band from Australia.

Martin was invited by the King of Tripura, Kirit Pradyot Deb Burman, to perform Mr. Big songs during the Rock Festival at Shillong. Shillong is well known in India as a place for avid music-lovers, especially rock. Eric and the band members (the Road Vultures) were graciously treated as state guests and were escorted upon arrival in India and during the concert. Amit Paul, a popular singer from the show "Indian Idol", together with other Indian celebrities, joined the show and sang part of "To Be With You" with Eric. The gig in India was meant to be only a seven-to-ten thousand seat show; but, as people started to break into the barricades, the crowd got larger (to about 20,800 people).

Martin also toured with Richie Kotzen in South America, a former bandmate from Mr. Big. On October 10, 2012, Martin released the cover album Mr. Rock Vocalist. It features covers of Japanese songs such as "Alone" by B'z, "Honey" by L'Arc-en-Ciel and "Forever Love" by X Japan, and guest musicians such as Steve Stevens, Marty Friedman and John 5.

Solo albums

 * Eric Martin (1985)
 * I'm Only Playing With Myself (1987)
 * Somewhere in the Middle (1998)
 * I'm Goin' Sane (2002)
 * Destroy All Monsters (2004)
 * Mr. Vocalist (2008)
 * Mr. Vocalist 2 / Timeless (2009)
 * Mr. Vocalist X'Mas (2009)
 * Mr. Vocalist 3 (2010)
 * Mr. Rock Vocalist (2012)

Compilation albums

 * Soul Sessions: The Capitol Years (1986)
 * Love Is Alive: Works of 1985–2010 (2010)
 * Mr. Vocalist Best (2011)

Extended plays

 * Pure (2003)

Eric Martin Band

 * Sucker for a Pretty Face (1983)

Tak Matsumoto Group

 * "Oh Japan ~Our Time Is Now~" (2004)
 * TMG I (2004)

Guest appearances

 * Big Trouble – Big Trouble (1987; duet on the track "What About You And Me)
 * Michael Bolton – The Hunger (1987)
 * Signal – Loud & Clear (1989)
 * Todd Rundgren – Nearly Human (1989)
 * Europe – Prisoners in Paradise (1991; co-writer of "All or Nothing")
 * Laura Branigan – Over My Heart (1993; co-writer of "Over My Heart")
 * Sammy Hagar – Marching to Mars (1997)
 * Mogg/Way – Edge of the World (1997)
 * Lebocat – Flo's Barbershop (2002)
 * Harry Hess – Just Another Day (2003)
 * Mariya Takeuchi – Sincerely, Vol. 2: Mariya Takeuchi Song Book (2003)
 * Various artists – Genius: A Rock Opera, Episode 2: In Search of the Little Prince (2004; as "Mr. Niko")
 * Richie Zito's Avalon – Avalon (2006)
 * Various artists – Genius: A Rock Opera, Episode 3: The Final Surprise (2007; as "Mr. Niko")
 * Ted Nugent – Love Grenade (2007)
 * T-Square – 33 (2007)
 * Jun Senoue – The Works (2009)
 * Debbie Gibson - Ms. Vocalist (2010)
 * Pushking – The World as We Love It (2011)
 * Avantasia – The Mystery of Time (2013)
 * Mägo de Oz – "Celtic Land" (2013; on the track "Xanandra")
 * Avantasia – Ghostlights (Live digibook edition bonus disc) (2016)
 * Avantasia – Moonglow (2019)
 * Jeff Scott Soto - The Duets Collection, Vol. 1 (2021)

Tribute album appearances

 * Working Man – A Tribute to Rush (1996)
 * Siam Shade Tribute (2010)
 * Mister Bolin's Late Night Revival (2011)
 * Sin-Atra (2011)
 * Working Class Dogs: A Tribute to Rick Springfield (2012)
 * L'Arc-en-Ciel Tribute (2012)

Soundtrack appearances

 * Teachers soundtrack (1984) ("I Can't Stop the Fire")
 * Iron Eagle soundtrack (1986) ("These Are the Good Times" and "Eyes of the World")
 * The Amazing Spider-Man vs. The Kingpin (1993)
 * Mighty Morphin Power Rangers soundtrack (1995)
 * Mad About You - Music from the Television Series (1997) ("I Love The Way You Love Me")
 * Daytona USA Circuit Edition soundtrack (1997)
 * Pride Fighting Championships theme song "Last Man Standing" (2006)

title: Eric Martin (musician)


text:
Telephone numbers in the Netherlands

Telephone numbers in the Netherlands are administered by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation of the Netherlands. The telephone numbering plan may be grouped into three general categories: geographical numbers, non-geographical numbers, and numbers for public services.

Geographical telephone numbers have nine digits and consist of an area code of two or three digits and a subscriber number of seven or six digits, respectively. When dialled within the country, the number must be prefixed with the trunk access code 0, identifying a destination telephone line in the Dutch telephone network.

Non-geographical numbers have no fixed length, but also require the dialling of the trunk access code (0). They are used for mobile telephone networks and other designated service types, such as toll-free dialling, Internet access, voice over IP, restricted audiences, and information resources.

In addition, special service numbers exist for emergency response, directory assistance, and other services by the public authorities.

Numbering plan
The telephone numbering plan of the Netherlands is divided into geographical, non-geographical, and special public resource telephone numbers. The dial plan prescribes that within the country dialling both geographical and non-geographical numbers requires a national network access code, which is the digit 0. The following list includes this national trunk access digit when it must be dialled before the number.

066, 084 and 087 are often used by scammers, because they are easy and cheap to register and make identification very hard.

Previously, 06-0, 06-1000 and 06-4 were used for toll-free numbers, 06-8 for shared cost, 06-9 for premium rate, and other 06-numbers for mobile numbers. 0011 and later 06-11 was used for emergency services before this changed to 112. 09 was used as the international access code before this changed to 00.

Geographical telephone numbers
Since the reorganization of the telephone system in 1995, Dutch geographical numbers consist of 9 digits. The numbering plan implements a system of area codes. An area code consists of two or three digits. The larger cities and areas have two digits with a subscriber number of seven digits, permitting more local numbers. Smaller areas use three digits with a six-digit subscriber number.

Geographic numbers are allocated in blocks to telecommunications providers. However, a telephone number from a block allocated to a certain provider may no longer be serviced by the original assignee due to number portability; subscribers who switch providers can take their number with them.

When dialled within the Netherlands, the domestic trunk access code 0 must be dialled before the telephone number, extending the dialling sequence to 10 digits. If dialling from overseas, the 0 (Zero) in front of the prefix must be omitted.

Before the 1995 reorganization, area codes were restricted to towns. This was lifted and multiple towns may now share an area code. The following table lists only one town for each area code, and it includes the trunk access code (0).

010 Rotterdam 0111 Zierikzee 0113 Goes 0114 Hulst 0115 Terneuzen 0117 Sluis 0118 Middelburg / Vlissingen 013  Tilburg 015  Delft 0161 Gilze-Rijen 0162 Oosterhout 0164 Bergen op Zoom 0165 Roosendaal 0166 Tholen 0167 Steenbergen 0168 Zevenbergen 0172 Alphen aan den Rijn 0174 Naaldwijk 0180 Ridderkerk and Zuidplas 0181 Spijkenisse 0182 Gouda 0183 Gorinchem 0184 Sliedrecht 0186 Oud-Beijerland 0187 Middelharnis 020  Amsterdam 0222 Texel 0223 Den Helder 0224 Schagen 0226 Harenkarspel 0227 Medemblik 0228 Enkhuizen 0229 Hoorn 023  Haarlem 024  Nijmegen 0251 Beverwijk 0252 Hillegom 0255 IJmuiden 026  Arnhem 0294 Weesp 0297 Aalsmeer 0299 Purmerend 030  Utrecht 0313 Dieren 0314 Doetinchem 0315 Terborg 0316 Zevenaar 0317 Wageningen 0318 Ede / Veenendaal 0320 Lelystad 0321 Dronten 033  Amersfoort 0341 Harderwijk 0342 Barneveld 0343 Doorn 0344 Tiel 0345 Culemborg 0346 Maarssen 0347 Vianen 0348 Woerden 035  Hilversum 036  Almere 038  Zwolle 040  Eindhoven 0411 Boxtel 0412 Oss 0413 Veghel 0416 Waalwijk 0418 Zaltbommel 043  Maastricht 045  Heerlen 046  Sittard 0475 Roermond 0478 Venray 0481 Bemmel 0485 Cuijk 0486 Grave 0487 Druten 0488 Zetten 0492 Helmond 0493 Deurne 0495 Weert 0497 Eersel 0499 Best 050  Groningen 0511 Veenwouden 0512 Drachten 0513 Heerenveen 0514 Balk 0515 Sneek 0516 Oosterwolde 0517 Franeker 0518 St. Annaparochie 0519 Dokkum 0521 Steenwijk 0522 Meppel 0523 Hardenberg 0524 Coevorden 0525 Elburg 0527 Emmeloord 0528 Hoogeveen 0529 Ommen 053  Enschede 0541 Oldenzaal 0543 Winterswijk 0544 Groenlo 0545 Neede 0546 Almelo 0547 Goor 0548 Rijssen 055  Apeldoorn 0561 Wolvega 0562 Terschelling/Vlieland 0566 Irnsum 0570 Deventer 0571 Voorst 0572 Raalte 0573 Lochem 0575 Zutphen 0577 Uddel 0578 Epe 058  Leeuwarden 0591 Emmen 0592 Assen 0593 Beilen 0594 Zuidhorn 0595 Warffum 0596 Appingedam 0597 Winschoten 0598 Hoogezand-Sappemeer 0599 Stadskanaal 070  The Hague 071  Leiden 072  Alkmaar 073  's-Hertogenbosch 074  Hengelo 075  Zaandam 076  Breda 077  Venlo 078  Dordrecht 079  Zoetermeer

Non-geographical telephone numbers
The non-geographic numbers do not have a prescribed fixed number of digits, but are usually kept as short as possible. Mobile telephone numbers, however, always have 10 digits, just like geographic numbers.

The non-geographical telephone number categories are, including the trunk access code:
 * 06: mobile telephone operators,
 * 0800: free service numbers,
 * 084, 085: used for VoIP
 * 087: voicemail and virtual private numbers
 * 088: large companies with more than one address
 * 0970: machine to machine communication, numbers are 8-11 digits long
 * 0979: machine to machine communication, numbers have no fixed length and are reserved for network internal usage
 * 0900: paid information services
 * 0906: adult lines
 * 0909: entertainment

Toll-free numbers (0800) can always be dialled for free, even from (public) payphones; other numbers starting with 08 are not free.

Public resources
The emergency number is 112. GSM mobile phones may accept different numbers, such as 999, 000 or 911, depending on the firmware. Additionally, calls to 911 are forwarded to 112 (in the Caribbean Netherlands, this is reversed - 112 redirects to 911 in that case).

Directory assistance is available from several commercial providers, on 18xx (e.g., 1888 from KPN).

Caribbean Netherlands
The islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, which form the Caribbean Netherlands after the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, retained the numbering plan of the Netherlands Antilles using country code +599, followed by 7, 3 or 4 for Bonaire, Sint Eustatius or Saba, respectively. Calls between the European Netherlands and Caribbean Netherlands are billed as international calls.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Telephone numbers in the Netherlands


text:
Inverurie Loco Works F.C.

Inverurie Loco Works Football Club are a senior semi-professional football club from Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, who currently play in the Scottish Highland Football League (SHFL).

History
The club was founded in 1902 by workmen from the Great North of Scotland Railway (GNSR) who had their Locomotive, and Carriage and Wagon Workshops in Inverurie, from where the football club got its name. On National Railway Company 'Grouping' in 1923, the GNSR became part of the London & North Eastern Railway, one of the UK's big four railway companies at that time, and the football club lived on.

In the 1945-46 Aberdeenshire & District Junior League, Inverurie Locos scored 146 goals in 22 games, averaging 6.64 goals per game. They won the league that season, remaining unbeaten throughout the entire league campaign.

The Locomotive Workshops themselves were formally closed in 1970 on the forming of British Rail Engineering Limited (BREL), a wholly owned subsidiary of the British Railways Board at that time. Despite the closure, Inverurie Loco Works F.C. continued to play in the Aberdeenshire and North East Junior Leagues for many years.

Rising up from successful years in junior football, in 2001 the Locos applied for membership of the Highland League and were successful. In the 2003–04 season, the Locos came second in the league, two further consecutive 2nd-place finishes followed in the seasons to come. In 2005, they first got their hands on silverware by winning the Scottish Qualifying Cup, then repeated the feat the next year. They also won the Aberdeenshire Shield after being runners up three times before winning the trophy. Then they won the Fosters Cup (League Cup) twice in two years, in 2007–08 and 2008–09. They also won the SFA North Region Challenge Cup in 2008–09.

In the 2008–09 Scottish Cup, the club were paired with Scottish Premier League side Motherwell at home. They reached the fourth round of the competition that season. After four postponements, the match was finally played at the fifth time of asking. Despite a capacity crowd watching, the Highland League outfit could not prevent a 3–0 loss to their top-flight opponents.

Harlaw Park
Inverurie Loco Works have played at Harlaw Park for their entire history. Originally, it was an open field, but now it is a fully-enclosed football ground with a seated grandstand and a standing shelter.

It currently has an approximate overall capacity of 2,500; 175 seated, and the rest standing.

In March 1931, a pavilion and a grandstand was opened and in 1950 the installation of new dressing rooms was completed. Harlaw Park got new turnstiles in 1962.

In 1981, the Banchory Golf Club clubhouse was re-located to Harlaw Park as the Social Club.

Floodlights which were surplus to requirements at Aberdeen Airport were installed, and new dugouts were created in August 1983. New changing rooms were built in 1992.

In preparation for Inverurie Locos first Highland League season (2001/02) £75,000 was spent on upgrading Harlaw Park and a new enclosure was opened for the 2002/03 season.

The 2012/13 season saw the current grandstand erected, replacing the old one.

Harlaw Park hosted 3 matches in the 2014 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship qualification in August 2013.

Ladies
Inverurie Loco Works Ladies will play in the SWF League One from the 2024/25 season, after being promoted from the SWFL North.

On 8 July 2022, Inverurie Loco Works announced the formation of a Ladies team. They started playing in the 2023 season, finishing in second place in the SWFL North. They won the league in the 2023–24 season, without dropping a single point.

Youth academy
Inverurie Loco Works' Youth Academy consists of a Men's Under 18s team, and a Men's Under 21s team.

Under 18s

Inverurie Locos' Men's Under 18s play in the SHFL U18 East. They also enter the Scottish Youth Cup.

They won the league back-to-back in the 2022–23 season and the 2023–24 season. On both occasions, their league victory earned them a spot in that season's SHFL U18 Championship Play-Off. They won the Championship both times.

Under 21s

Inverurie Locos' Men's U21s play in the Aberdeenshire League. They won the league in 2018–19 season, and the 2019–20 season.

First Team
Senior
 * Highland League Cup: 2007–08, 2008–09
 * Aberdeenshire Cup: 2023–24
 * Aberdeenshire Shield: 2003–04, 2013–14, 2016–17
 * Scottish Qualifying Cup (North): 2004–05, 2005–06
 * SFA North Challenge Cup: 2008–09

Junior
 * North Region League (East) Premier Division: 1992–93, 1995–96, 1997–98
 * Aberdeen & District League: 1925–26, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1930–31, 1931–32, 1932–33, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1936–37, 1942–43, 1945–46, 1954–55, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1961–62
 * North Regional Cup: 1968–69, 1995–96, 2000–01
 * Aberdeen & District League Cup: 1927–28, 1928–29, 1929–30, 1931–32, 1945–46
 * North Region (East) League Cup: 1986–87, 1988–89, 1991–92
 * McLeman Cup: 1928–29, 1951–52, 1968–69, 1970–71
 * Archibald Cup: 1928–29, 1932–33, 1937–38, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1954–55, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1968–69, 1980–81, 1999–2000
 * Duthie Cup: 1928–29, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1935–36, 1939–40, 1960–61
 * Aberdeen County Trophy: 1912–13, 1913–14, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1939–40, 1942–43, 1944–45, 1954–55, 1960–61, 1961–62
 * Jimmy Gibb Memorial Trophy: 1995–96, 1997–98
 * Wick Allan Shield: 1995–96, 1997–98
 * Fowler Cup: 1927–28 (final played during the 1928–29 season)

Youth Academy
Under 21s
 * Aberdeenshire League: 2018–19, 2019–20

Under 18s
 * Highland League U18 East: 2022–23, 2023–24
 * Highland League U18 Championship: 2022–23, 2023–24

Ladies

 * SWFL North: 2023–24

title: Inverurie Loco Works F.C.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Fumoto no iro

Fumoto no iro was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was ambiguous. Failing to reach a clear consensus to delete, the article is kept.

Creative pedophilic vandalism. Salasks 22:53, Aug 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Google only turns up WP. What is the native Japanese?  This more child rapist vandalism?  embassy... Dunc_Harris|☺ 23:11, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete unless verified. It doesn't seem like pedophilia, but it does seem like an infobyte from someone's reading that hasn't been buttressed with any references.  When folks find "didja know" factoids, they really ought to cite their sources. Geogre 13:11, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Oops, how did I miss this one? This is my baby. I'm gonna have to disagree on the "pedophilic vandalism" bit, being the author and all, but yes, I should have cited my source in the article instead of letting it molder away on the discussion page. I'll fix that. Keep. Wikisux 15:21, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * keep, unless someone refutes the citation. -- Jmabel 03:53, Aug 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * delete. Ambi 13:27, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.


text:
National Basketball League (Canada)

The National Basketball League was a professional basketball league based in Canada that lasted only one and a half seasons in 1993 and 1994. It rose from the ashes of the World Basketball League which folded after the 1992 season, which had teams in various Canadian and American cities; the new league combined several former WBL teams based in Canada and new franchises. The NBL's first game was played on May 1, 1993 when the Cape Breton Breakers visited the Halifax Windjammers. The Breakers won the regular season championship with a 30-16 record, but they lost the championship finals to Saskatoon three games to one.

During the 1994 season there were rumours that the Cape Breton team was going to move to Saint John in mid-season, which never happened before the league folded on July 9, 1994. Halifax, which finished last in 1993, was in first place at the time the league had folded.

The league's president was Sam Katz and the commissioner was Tom Nissalke.

1993
PLAYOFFS - SEMI-FINALS FINALS
 * Montréal Dragons folded in mid-season on June 10, 1993
 * Hamilton Skyhawks transferred to Edmonton prior to the start of the playoffs
 * Cape Breton defeated Edmonton 2 games to 1; Saskatoon defeated Winnipeg 2 games to 1
 * Saskatoon defeated Cape Breton 3 games to 1

Touring teams
In 1993, league teams also played games against some touring teams which counted in the league standings. These teams were:

 * Atlantic Coast Conference All-Stars (replaced Atlantic 10 All-Stars)
 * Athletes in Action
 * Big East All-Stars
 * Canadian National Team

1994

 * National Basketball League disbanded on July 9, 1994

title: National Basketball League (Canada)


text:
Keith F.C.

Keith Football Club are a senior football club who currently play in the Highland League in Scotland. They were founded in 1910 and play at Kynoch Park in Keith, Moray. Although the town of Keith is relatively small, the club have produced a few notable players such as Hamish French and former Scotland captain, Colin Hendry.

Due to them being a senior team, they can play in the Scottish Cup. In a 1995–96 Scottish Cup match at Pittodrie Stadium in Aberdeen, the club suffered a 10–1 defeat at the hands of Rangers.

History
The club's first pitch was Seafield Park, where they played in the Huntly & District League. Their second pitch is their current ground of Kynoch Park, which was donated by Sir John W Kynoch in 1922. Keith entered the Highland League in 1924.

Their record home defeat was 1–9 against Elgin City in 1925. Keith's first ever Scottish Cup tie was in 1926, which resulted in a 7–3 defeat at Peebles Rovers. Kynoch Park hosted its first Scottish Cup game was in 1928, with Keith recording a 5–2 win against Dalbeattie Star. They went on to lose 6–1 in the second round against Scottish Cup holders Celtic in front of a record crowd of 5,820. This was Celtic's first competitive appearance north of Aberdeen.

Honours
1961–62, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1984–85, 1999–00, 2006–07
 * Highland Football League:

1964–65, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1988–89, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2012–13
 * League Cup:

1935–36, 1957–58, 1959–60, 1966–67, 1973–74, 1977–78, 1979–80, 2008–09
 * Aberdeenshire Cup:

1997–98, 2001–02, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07
 * Aberdeenshire Shield:

1960–61, 1962–63, 1984–85, 2002–03
 * Scottish Qualifying Cup (North):

1935–36, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2006–07
 * Aberdeenshire League:

1927–28, 1929–30
 * Elgin District Cup:

1923–24
 * Elginshire Charity Cup:

title: Keith F.C.


text:
Talk:Acapulco International Airport

I merged this with "Acapulco Airport", which was on the same airport. WhisperToMe 22:55, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

External links violate rule
Many external links on the page are promoting themselves and violate the linking rules of Wikipedia. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Swilson86 (talk • contribs) 19:54, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 1 one external link on Acapulco International Airport. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20160105062742/http://sct.gob.mx/transporte-y-medicina-preventiva/aeronautica-civil/estadisticas/estadistica-operacional-de-aerolineas-air-carrier-operational-statistics/ to http://www.sct.gob.mx/transporte-y-medicina-preventiva/aeronautica-civil/estadisticas/estadistica-operacional-de-aerolineas-air-carrier-operational-statistics/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true or failed to let others know (documentation at ).

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 06:09, 3 October 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified 3 external links on Acapulco International Airport. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151222132641/http://www.oma.aero/assets/007/5886.xls to http://www.oma.aero/assets/007/5886.xls
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20161016184432/http://www.sct.gob.mx/transporte-y-medicina-preventiva/aeronautica-civil/5-estadisticas/53-estadistica-operacional-de-aerolineas-air-carrier-operational-statistics to http://www.sct.gob.mx/transporte-y-medicina-preventiva/aeronautica-civil/5-estadisticas/53-estadistica-operacional-de-aerolineas-air-carrier-operational-statistics/
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130624144400/http://www.oma.aero/en/ to http://www.oma.aero/en/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 20:34, 25 June 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Acapulco International Airport


text:
Lossiemouth F.C.

Lossiemouth Football Club are a senior football club from Lossiemouth, Moray, Scotland. They play in the Highland Football League.

Founded in 1945, they were admitted to the Highland League for season 1946-47 and have played in this league since that point. The club's home stadium is Grant Park.

Traditionally a team hovering around the lower end of the league table, Lossiemouth have enjoyed several cup successes, including a period in the mid-1990s that saw the club win a hat-trick of North of Scotland Cups and a Highland League Cup over a period of three seasons as well as several top three placings in the Highland League.

Lossiemouth are full members of the Scottish Football Association, and are therefore permitted to play in the Scottish Cup.

History
Before Lossiemouth Football Club (1885 — 1944) A number of early football clubs sprung up in Lossiemouth during the 1880s, the first recorded being Lossiemouth Rangers in 1885, who merged in 1888 with Lossiemouth Artillery to form Lossiemouth Artillery Rangers. Another early club, Lossiemouth Rovers (founded 1889) reached the Elginshire Junior Cup final in their first season, but lost out to Elgin Rangers Athletic in the final at Auction Mart Park in Elgin.

From the formation of the Morayshire Junior league in 1905–06, Lossiemouth were represented by a succession of Junior football clubs playing in the Morayshire Junior League in most seasons between 1905–06 and 1936–37, most notably Lossiemouth Rangers who competed from 1925–26 to 1936–37, with particular period of success in the late 1920s at that level that included back-to-back trebles of the Morayshire Junior League title, Robertson Cup and Nicholson Cup in 1927–28 and 1928–29.

However, unlike many similarly sized population centres in the North of Scotland, Lossiemouth had no senior football club during this period, although an attempt was made to form such a club in 1934 but it did not come to fruition.

Formation and Early Years (1945 — 1955)

Following the end of World War II, Lossiemouth Football Club were founded on 12 October 1945 following a public meeting in the town to form a senior football club with the intention of joining the Highland Football League, which was on hiatus at the time due to World War 2. The club was formed in time to enter the senior Nairn & District Cup (also known as the Stuart Cup) for season 1945–46, which commenced in December 1945. Lossiemouth were drawn against Elgin City in the Nairn & District Cup first round, the first leg of which was played at home on 29 December 1945 with Lossiemouth winning the leg 3–0. This was the first of only four competitive fixtures during the 1945–46 season, all in the Nairn & District Cup.

Lossiemouth Football Club were accepted into the Highland League at the league's AGM at the Workmen's Club in Inverness on 22 June 1946 and began participation in the Highland League in the 1946–47 season. Lossiemouth began the 1946–47 season with a 5–2 home win over Forres Mechanics in the Highland League Cup on 10 August 1946 and made their Highland League debut two weeks later with a 4–1 away win at Fraserburgh. Lossiemouth went on to win the Nairn & District Cup later that season to give the club its first trophy, a feat that was later repeated in 1948–49.

Scottish Cup run and first major trophies (1955 — 1962)

Season 1955–56 remains Lossiemouth's best performance in the Scottish Cup with the club reaching the Fourth Round, defeating Wick Academy, Duns, and Selkirk before being defeated by Berwick Rangers at Shielfield Park.

Lossiemouth's first major trophy came in season 1956–57 with a win over Fraserburgh in the two-legged final of the Scottish Supplementary Cup (North), which was a temporary rebranding of the Scottish Qualifying Cup (North) during the period where all SFA member clubs were allowed direct access to the Scottish Cup.

The club won the Highland League Cup for the first time in the 1961–62 season, defeating Deveronvale 2–0 in the final at Boroughbriggs in Elgin.

Decline and financial difficulties (1962 — 1985)

Lossiemouth generally struggled in the Highland League over the next few decades which culminated in a period in the early 1980s that almost saw the club fold due to financial difficulties. Between 1978–79 and 1984–85 the club finished bottom of the Highland League six times in those seven seasons.

Late 1980s resurgence and 1990s success (1985 — 1997)

Improved fortunes thereafter saw the club start to climb the league table in subsequent seasons, and also reached North of Scotland Cup finals in 1985–86, 1986–87 and 1991–92 although the club was unsuccessful on each occasion. This resurgence ultimately led to three third-place finishes in the Highland League and several cups being won in the mid-1990s, including a hat-trick of North of Scotland Cup triumphs in 1994–95, 1995–96, and 1996–97. Season 1996–97 also saw Lossiemouth win the Highland League Cup for a second time as a result of a 2–1 win over Fraserburgh at Christie Park, Huntly.

Downturn into the new millennium (1997 — present)

A period of downturn then followed from the late 1990s onwards, although the club added two more North of Scotland Cup wins in 2000–01 and 2002–03 - which remains Lossiemouth's last trophies to date. Lossiemouth's most recent cup final was in the 2017–18 season where they were defeated 2–0 by Brora Rangers in the North of Scotland Cup final at Clachnacuddin Park, Inverness.

Stadium
Lossiemouth play at Grant Park in Lossiemouth. It has a capacity of 3,250, including 250 seats.

Grant Park was opened on 4 May 1925 by Lady Grant, the wife of Sir Alexander Grant, a local philanthropist who had facilitated the purchase of the land for the town for recreational purposes, including laying out a football pitch. Lady Grant kicked off a local football match in the Lossiemouth Fishermen's Cup competition to formally open the ground.

The ground became the home ground for Lossiemouth Rangers FC for season 1925–26, who began competing in the Morayshire Junior League.

In 1934 the town council made a series of improvements to Grant Park including fully enclosing the pitch, building up banking for spectators and surrounding the ground with corrugated iron fencing.

In 1945 it became the home ground of the newly formed Lossiemouth Football Club, and was also used by Lossiemouth United (who were formed in 1949) for some time before they moved to the Lossiemouth Playingfields.

The ground was purchased from the council by Lossiemouth Football Club in the late 1970s and the club continued to make improvements to the ground including new boardroom and changing facilities, the erection of floodlights and a covered enclosure. The original wooden grandstand was replaced by a new modern stand in 2009.

Club honours

 * Source:
 * Highland League Cup:
 * Winners: 1961–62, 1996–97
 * North of Scotland Cup:
 * Winners: 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03
 * Scottish Supplementary Cup (North):
 * Winners: 1956–57
 * Nairn & District Cup (Stuart Cup):
 * Winners: 1946–47, 1948–49

title: Lossiemouth F.C.


text:
Nairn County F.C.

Nairn County Football Club is a Scottish senior football club based in the town of Nairn, Highland. Nicknamed the Wee County, they were founded in 1909 and play at Station Park. They have played in the Highland Football League since 1919, winning their only league title in the 1975–76 season. As a full member of the Scottish Football Association, they qualify automatically to play in the Scottish Cup.

In 2022, the club hit the headlines for selling a Pie in a Roll and launching their TeamHamish charity third kit.

In the same year they became the first football club in Scotland to offer and promote a dedicated stag and hen party package.

History
Nairn County were reformed in 1909 and joined the Highland League in 1919 after originally being accepted to participate in 1914. Their only league title was in the 1975–76 season, which they won after a play-off in extra time against Fraserburgh at Borough Briggs, Elgin. Recent success was achieved in the 2005–06 season, with an unexpected North of Scotland Cup win. Nairn County also won the North of Scotland Cup in 2012 by defeating Wick Academy 2–1. During Nairn's Scottish Cup run in 2012, Nairn defeated Preston Athletic and Clyde, whilst in the third round were trailing 3–0 at half time against Forfar Athletic and staged a remarkable comeback with the game ending 3–3.

Striker Conor Gethins was awarded with the Highland League Player of the Year for the 2012–13 season.

The club's record appearance holder is Glenn Main, who made 496 appearances.

The club's record goal scorer is Davy Johnston who scored 286 goals in his two spells with the club. This also included scoring a record 73 goals in the 1963–64 season.

Stadium
Nairn County play at Station Park in Nairn, which has a capacity of 2,250, including 250 seats.

Colours
The team's home colours are yellow and black.

Away colours are red with white shorts and the third kit is a rainbow shirt with blue shorts and blue socks.

Club honours

 * Highland Football League:
 * Champions: 1975–76
 * League Cup:
 * Winners: 1963–64, 2010–11
 * North of Scotland Cup:
 * Winners: 1956–57, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1965–66, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2012–13, 2023–24
 * Inverness Cup:
 * Winners: 1977–78
 *  Scottish Qualifying Cup (North):
 * Winners: 1968–69
 * Elgin District Cup:
 * Winners: 1919–20, 1931–32, 1935–36
 * Elginshire Charity Cup:
 * Winners: 1924–25
 * Inverness Sports Bed Cup:
 * Winners: 1938–39

title: Nairn County F.C.


text:
Rothes F.C.

Rothes Football Club is a Scottish football club based in the town of Rothes in Moray. The club was originally founded in 1907 as a Junior club, Rothes Victoria, before turning senior on 4 May 1938 as Rothes FC, obtaining a place in the Highland Football League.

They play in tangerine shirts, colours they inherited from Dundee United after purchasing the floodlights from Tannadice Park.

Rothes have won the Highland League once, in the 1958–59 season. In 2020, The Speysiders won their first honours in 41 years, defeating Buckie Thistle 2–1 in the Highland League Cup final to win the trophy for the first time.

The club's Mackessack Park ground is named after one Douglas Mackessack, a local laird and whisky magnate and an early benefactor of the club.

Honours

 * Highland Football League
 * Champions: 1958–59
 * Highland League Cup
 * Winners: 2019–20
 * North of Scotland Cup
 * Winners: 1958–59, 1978–79, 2021–22
 * Campbell Charity Cup
 * Winners: 1949–50

title: Rothes F.C.


text:
Wick Academy F.C.

Wick Academy Football Club are a senior football club founded in October 1893, who currently play in the Scottish Highland Football League at Harmsworth Park. They represent the Caithness town of Wick, making them the most northerly professional football league club in the United Kingdom.

History
The club was known in Wick simply as Academy and sometimes in other parts of Caithness as Pulteneytown Academy. An indirect and unofficial connection with the local school of the same name was maintained with the election of a teacher, John Davidson as the first captain or 'leader' as it was termed in the minute book of the first meeting. The club's first game was a friendly away to Castletown. Home games were played at Harrow Park, now known as Harmsworth Park. Ten matches, with only two defeats, were played in that first season against teams like Dunbeath, John O'Groats (formed that same year in Wick), Lybster Portland, Thurso Thistle and Wick Thistle.

The Wick League was started in 1896, and Academy won the championship in the third season in 1898–99, the first of 17 league titles. From 1907 to 1914, Academy had virtually a clean sweep of league and local cups and in 1911, applied successfully for full membership of the SFA, so they could play in the Qualifying Cup.

Academy's Qualifying Cup début was a home tie on 2 September 1911, and a crowd of about 800 saw a 4–0 win against Inverness Thistle. Men paid 6d, boys 3d, ladies were admitted free and gate receipts were £17. Caledonian won a 2nd round tie in Wick 4–1.

The right winger in those games was Jimmy Miller, who was later secretary and president of the club, his commitment to the club continued almost 50 years to 1954.

A Caithness County League was started in the 1926–27 season, by which time the Harmsworth family had bought the park and donated it to the town with the Burgh Council as trustees and local sports clubs formed a management committee. Only the football clubs seemed prepared to do the work of the ground improvements and building a stone wall to enclose the park. Changing rooms were built and were saved from demolition in 1973, when Academy agreed to keep them in a good state of repair. The building now houses an office and tea hut. Academy won the county league in 1927–28 and again in 1928–29, 1930–31, 1935–36 and 1937–38.

As the only SFA club in Caithness (Thurso Pentland were also members for three years from 1936), Academy was allowed to sign players from other clubs to play in Qualifying Cup games. From 1928 onwards, they were unbeaten at home in Qualifying Cup ties. In 1933, they beat Nairn County, Caley and Keith, all away, to reach the Scottish Cup proper, losing 3–0 to a strong Division Two side, St Bernard's on 20 January 1934 at the Gymnasium Ground in Edinburgh. In 1936, Academy drew 3–3 in Wick with local rivals Brora Rangers, won the replay and two more games at Forres Mechanics and Buckie Thistle to earn a tie at Stirling. Academy scored first against King's Park, but lost 6–1. Several prestigious friendlies were played, Aberdeen and Celtic were among the teams who appeared at Harmsworth Park in the 1930s.

Academy had also joined the North of Scotland FA in 1914, but had been unable to play their first tie away to Forres Mechanics as most of their players had been called up by the Territorials. They had to wait until 1954 to be readmitted, but made up for lost time with a 4–3 win at Brora Rangers, before losing 3–1 in the semi-final away to Caldeonian.

In 1960, the Caithness Amateur Football Association switched to summer football and to retain its SFA membership, Wick Academy had to stay with the normal winter season, playing only cup ties and friendlies for the next 12 years.

In 1972, with Clair Harper now as chairman, the club joined the North of Scotland 2nd XI Association to have regular league fixtures, drawing 2–2 at home to Dingwall Thistle in the first game. Academy were a strong team in this North Reserve League, (later to become the North Caledonian Football League) and were champions four seasons running from 1978–79 to 1981–82 under manager John MacDonald, and also won several of the league cups. With former goalkeeper Pat Miller as manager, Academy won the league again in 86–7. In July 1984, Heart of Midlothian fielded a full strength first team in a friendly which attracted 2,400 fans to Harmsworth Park. 900 copies of a souvenir programme sold out five minutes before kick off. Richard Hughes scored for Academy in a 7–1 defeat.

After having several applications knocked back, Academy were at last voted into the HFL in 1994 when Caledonian and Inverness Thistle amalgamated and left to join the SFL, along with Ross County. The first game at home to Cove Rangers drew a crowd of 1,700, but ended with a 3–0 defeat. After a draw with Rothes, Academy beat the then league leaders Forres Mechanics 1–0, and after three straight wins in October, were briefly fourth in the table.

In the 2001–02 Qualifying Cup, wins over Lossiemouth and Nairn County saw Academy in the Scottish Cup proper and BBC TV cameras were at Harmsworth Park where, Threave Rovers won 3–2.

Midfielder Martin Gunn represented Scotland in the Four Nations semi-professional tournaments in May 2005 and May 2006.

In January 2007, the club appointed Richard Hughes and Ian Munro as first team joint managers after Peter Budge resigned to join the SFA as football development officer at the Highland Football Academy. Hughes and Munro have long been associated with the Caithness side. After finishing usually between 10th and 13th, Academy completed a run of ten successive league wins in the 2008–09 season to finish fifth. Co-managers Richard Hughes and Ian Munro received the league's Manager of the Year Award, with Richard Macadie voted Player of the Year.

In the 2009–10 season, wins over Clachnacuddin and Girvan put the team in the third round of the Scottish Cup for the first time, earning a home tie with Second Division side Brechin City. Academy almost pulled off a shock, but an equaliser for Brechin five-minutes from full-time saw the game finish 4–4. Brechin won the replay at Glebe Park 4–2. Academy finished the season in ninth position and midfielder Sam Mackay was voted the Sunday Post Young Player of the year.

The 2010–11 season saw the Scorries under-achieve in the league with a disappointing 14th-place finish, but the Club reached their first senior Cup final in September 2011. Academy beat Brora Rangers and Thurso to reach the North of Scotland Cup where Wick produced a magnificent performance in beating a strong Inverness Caledonian Thistle side 3–1. This set up a final against the current cup holders Forres Mechanics. The final was played in Brora at Dudgeon Park and Academy took over 1,000 supporters over the Ord where they created a sea of black and white inside the ground. Unfortunately Academy had a poor first half and went into the break trailing by three goals to zero. A battling performance in the second half saw the score pegged back to 3–2, but as Academy pushed for an equaliser the clock ran out and Wick hearts were broken.

It was a similar story in the Scottish Cup in season 2010–11. After a first round bye, the club drew Whitehill Welfare in the second round away at Ferguson Park in Rosewell. Academy travelled as far as Perth the day before the game and woke up on the Saturday morning to the news that the game was postponed due to a water-logged pitch, so had to turn tail and head for home without a boot being dirtied. The return trip the following weekend also ended in disappointment. The sides went in at half-time with the spoils shared at a goal each, but Whitehill scored three second half goals in a five-minute spree that put them in a commanding 4–1 lead. Academy however fought back and pulled the score back to 4–3 but again the sands of time ran out and Whitehill went on to face Montrose in the third round whilst Academy headed back up the A9 for another marathon trek home.

At the end of season 2010–11 co-managers Tichie Hughes and Zeeky Munro announced their resignation and the hunt began for a new manager. Former East Fife, Rangers, Hearts, Airdrieonians and Raith Rovers player Davie Kirkwood was appointed into the hot-seat. Davie who had previously worked as head of youth with Raith Rovers, Rangers and Ross County duly appointed Tichie as his assistant and Gary Manson bolstered his back-room team as a player coach.

The Harmsworth Park also had a make-over during the 2010–11 closed-season. The club are striving to apply for a SFA National Club License for the start of 2012 and work necessary to take the park up to the required standard was completed. This included the upgrade of the floodlight, creation of a medical room and a successful safety inspection and associated "letter of compliance" from Highland Council. In additional both stands received a freshen up with bench seating installed against the south stand back wall, boarding was erected around the park perimeter fence, new goal posts were erected and a massive amount of work was done to the playing surface to take it into tip-top condition.

As a result of all the hard work the club was one of the first Scottish Highland League sides to be awarded a SFA National Club License in February 2012. As a result of obtaining Club licensing the top two licensed SHFL Clubs were invited into the first round of the Ramsdens Cup. Wick Academy along with Inverurie Locos secured the two slots and Academy drew a home tie against Raith Rovers. The Scorries gave the 1st Division side a real fright and at 2–2 it looked as if an upset was on the cards, but unfortunately Raith went on to win the game 4–2. Wick finished 8th in the league in the 2011–12 season

Pre-season 2012 saw the club draw 3–3 with Aberdeen and 0–0 with Inverness Caledonian Thistle.

At the end of August 2012 Manager Davie Kirkwood resigned to join local rivals Brora Rangers. Richard Hughes took over as caretaker manager but the shock resignation of Kirkwood was taken in the stride of the players as they did their talking on the park. As fate would have it Academy met Kirkwood's new team in the semi-final of the North of Scotland Cup within a few weeks of his sudden departure, and the Scorries thrashed Brora 3–0. Academy faced Nairn County in the final, which was played on 20 October 2012 but lost 2–1 with Nairn's winner coming in the first period of extra time after the game had ended 1–1.

In the Scottish Cup Academy became the first Highland League team in over 10 years to beat Cup specialists Spartans 2–0 down at Ainslie Park, and then drew another mammoth away trip to Berwick Rangers in the second round. Academy missed a penalty in that game and with the score at 0–0 in the 90th minute and a re-play on the cards Berwick were awarded a penalty of their own which they converted to win the game 1–0.

Barry Wilson was announced as the new manager on 14 October 2012 with caretaker manager Richard Hughes staying on as his assistant. Barry Wilson's first game in charge was a 5–1 demolition of Keith which took his new side to the top of the Highland League.

In November 2012 a new sponsorship deal was announced with Scotty Youngson of PHD\Barga Ltd. Scotty owns the Comm Bar in Thurso which will be used by the club as the main sponsorship logo until the end of season 2014–15. As well as the Comm Bar in Thurso Scotty also owns the Central Bar and Hotel, Top Joe's and Caffe Cardosi.

Academy ended the 2012–13 season with a 4–1 win over visitors Deveronvale and finished in third spot in the table, the highest league finish achieved to date for the club. Other records also tumbled as the Scorries went the whole of season 2012–13 with a 100% home league win record (17 wins from 17 games), and extended their unbeaten home league run to 29 games. Fraserburgh being the last team to win a league game at the Harmsworth Park back in October 2011. 2012–13 also saw the Scorries score over 100 league goals in a single season, and keep the most number of clean sheets – 12 in total. Their best previous clean sheet total in a single season was six.

Barry Wilson left the Club in January 2014 to take up the Managers post at Elgin City following the departure of Ross Jack. Gordon Connelly was appointed as the new Manager with Richard Hughes staying as his Assistant Manager. At the same time Wick Academy also appointed Ross Suttar as the Club Development Officer and first team coach.

At the beginning of the 2014–15 Highland League season, Wick Academy introduced new club mascot 'Norrie The Scorrie' to Harmsworth Park. The Club reached the semi-final of the North of Scotland Cup where they were beaten 2–1 at Harmsworth Park by local rivals Brora Rangers in an evenly contested game. There was disappointment, however, in the Scottish Cup as Wick were dumped out of the competition in the first round away at Huntly. In the Highland League Cup Academy beat Fraserburgh, Clachnacuddin and Nairn County to reach the final. That was played at Grant Street Park Inverness in front of over 1,000 Scorrie supporters but Academy disappointingly lost 4–0 to Cove Rangers. League form for season 2014–15 was excellent and Academy finished the season in 4th place. In the process the team racked up a record 12 away wins and broke our record of unbeaten league games with an impressive run of 14 matches (13 wins and a draw). Our defence was pretty solid and only conceded 43 goals in 34 league games, a ratio of 1.26 goals against per game. 'Between the sticks', Academy also managed 13 clean sheets – a club record.

2015–16 was arguably one of Academy's best seasons when in November 2015 the club won its first piece of silverware since joining the SHFL defeating Nairn County 6–2 in the final of the Menzies Distribution North of Scotland Cup. The club also got to the 3rd round of the Scottish Cup. All three games went to replays with Academy beating Whitehill Welfare and Nairn County before being knocked out by Linlithgow Rose. League form was also good and a 5th-place finish was secured following a great run-in finishing with a fantastic 4–0 win against Fraserburgh down in Bellslea in the last game of the season.

In 2016 Academy beat Dalbeattie Star and then Whitehill Welfare to reach the 3rd round of the Scottish Cup. Unfortunately, they lost 2–0 to Stirling Albion at Forthbank Stadium, thus ending the Cup run for another year.

2017–18 was a somewhat disappointing season for Academy. A poor start to the League campaign was compounded with a first-round penalty shoot-out defeat in the North of Scotland Cup at the hands of Invergordon. Gordon Connelly stood down as Manager in August 2017 and he was replaced by Tom McKenna. The Scorries bowed out of the Scottish Cup in the first-round. They drew 2–2 with the University of Stirling in the first round at Harmsworth Park, but lost 1–0 in the replay at Falkirk Stadium. A first-round exit in the Highland League Cup followed as Nairn Country ran out comprehensive 4–0 winners at Harmsworth Park. League form did however pick up including a run of 16 games with only one defeat. Wick finished the season with a League position of 12th.

Managers since 1994
The Wick Academy FC Managers since the club joined the SHFL in season 1994–95 are as follows:

Updated 11 Dec 2016

Managerial achievements
Scottish Highland League Manager of the Year
 * Richard Hughes & Ian Munro 2008–09

Player achievements
Sunday Post Young Player of the Year Winner
 * Sam MacKay 2008–09, 2009–10

Sunday Post Young Player of the Year Runner-up
 * David Allan 2009–10

Supporters' Player of the Year
 * Gary Manson 2017–18
 * Steven Anderson 2016–17
 * David Allan 2015–16
 * David Allan 2014–15
 * Alan Farquhar 2013–14
 * Alan Farquhar 2012–13
 * Alan Farquhar 2011–12
 * Richard Macadie 2010–11
 * David Allan 2009–10
 * Richard Macadie 2008–09

Players' Player of the Year
 * Danny Mackay 2017–18
 * Steven Anderson 2016–17
 * Sam Mackay 2015–16
 * Grant Campbell 2014–15
 * Alan Farquhar 2013–14
 * Stevie Cunningham and Craig Shearer 2012–13
 * Davie Allan 2011–12
 * Richard Macadie 2010–11

John Henderson Shield Young Player of the Year
 * Danny McCarthy 2017–18
 * Danny McCarthy 2016–17
 * Marc MacGregor 2015–16
 * Sean McCarthy 2014–15
 * Grant Steven 2013–14
 * Grant Steven 2012–13
 * Grant Steven 2011–12
 * Stevie Cunningham 2010–11
 * Allan Farquhar 2009–10
 * Richard Macadie & Bryan McKiddie 2008–09

Dot McLachlan Trophy Most Improved Player
 * Korbyn Cameron 2017–18
 * Danny McCarthy 2016–17
 * Steven Anderson 2015–16
 * Steven Anderson 2014–15
 * Alan Hughes 2013–14
 * James Pickles 2012–13
 * Grant Steven 2011–12
 * Bryan McKiddie 2010–11
 * Alan Bokas 2009–10
 * Stevie Cunningham 2008–09

Dan Thomson Trophy Youth Player of the Year
 * Greg Mackay 2017–18
 * Brandon Sinclair 2016–17
 * Ryan Campbell 2015–16
 * Ian Ross 2014–15
 * Mark Webster 2013–14
 * Ruri McCartney 2012–13
 * Alan Hughes 2011–12
 * Jack Halliday 2010–11
 * James Mackay 2009–10
 * Jordan McKechnie 2008–09

Top goalscorers – Bill Mackay Memorial Golden Boot Award
Updated 4 November 2018.

Most appearances
Competitive, professional matches only including substitute appearances.

Updated 4 November 2018. Other includes Scottish Qualifying Cup, SFA Challenge Cup and SFL Challenge Cup.

League positions

 * 2017–18 12th
 * 2016–17 8th
 * 2015–16 5th
 * 2014–15 4th
 * 2013–14 8th
 * 2012–13 3rd
 * 2011–12 8th
 * 2010–11 14th
 * 2009–10 9th
 * 2008–09 5th
 * 2007–08 11th
 * 2006–07 11th
 * 2005–06 12th
 * 2004–05 12th
 * 2003–04 11th
 * 2002–03 13th
 * 2001–02 14th
 * 2000–01 10th
 * 1999–00 14th
 * 1998–99 14th
 * 1997–98 14th
 * 1996–97 10th
 * 1995–96 10th
 * 1994–95 14th

Honours
North of Scotland Cup:
 * 2015–16

North Caledonian Football League:
 * 1978–79, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1986–87

North Caledonian Cup:
 * 1979–80, 1980–81, 1985–86

Football Times Cup:
 * 1972–73, 1978–79

Chic Allan Memorial Cup:
 * 1981–82, 1987–88

MacNicol Trophy:
 * 1973–74

title: Wick Academy F.C.


text:
Talk:Byron White

judicial experience
The article says nothing about his pre-Supreme Court judicial experience... someone should fill that in. --Shallot 23:00, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * This has since been fixed. --Joy [shallot]   09:59, September 10, 2005

Inaccuracy
I question whether White was first in his class at Yale. It does appear he was first in his class at Colorado, but many biographies of him leave out the valedictorian at Yale Law School, which seems odd. Does anyone know of any reliable supporting documentation? It appears at least that there are alternating versions.

Examples: http://www.nfl.com/teams/story/PIT/5238763 ("high honors," not valedictorian) http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2002/04/15/white-obit.htm ("magna cum laude")

An even more glaring error might be the article's suggestion that he continued to return home for his high school reunions until 1999, six years after his death, "when his physical health worsened significantly." A strong man. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.81.136.195 (talk) 13:38, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

Quotation from Doe v Bolton
Personally I am not a big fan of quotations sections, quotations are cheap wisdom in my opinion. However White's description of Roe v Wade and Doe v. Bolton (in Doe v. B., note) as an exercise of "raw judicial power" is frequently cited. From time to time it is ascribed to Roe v. Wade but that would be impossible as Rehnquist wrote the dissent in that case and White simply concurred. It seemed notable to me. Stroika 16:52, 12 May 2006 (UTC)
 * This is incorrect. While the dissent by White was published together with the Doe v. Bolton decision, it was for both Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton. White did not join in Rehnquist's dissent in Roe v. Wade. 192.138.214.100 (talk) 18:07, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

I believe the reference to being #1 in his class @ Yale Law School is correct, as it is frequently cited. However the reference to leadership of Conservative Party @ Yale makes no sense (White had no time and Political union is primarily an undergraduate group) and this is the first I have seen, so I encourage editor to review. Realistically, the Tim LeHaye quote, while substantively meaningful, really doesn't belong as LeHaye is hardly a Supreme Court commentators or White afficiandos. Both are somewhat polemical references seeking to categorize White as "conservative," which is neither true or value-added.

GA Fail
I am failing this due to lack of references, there is a total of 1. Sections and paragraphs remain unreferenced, also don't wikilink solo years ex 1754. M3tal H3ad 08:39, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

But he's not the real Whizzer White
As I understand it, there was a football player in the 1920s named Byron White who was called "The Whizzer". Then a few years later this Byron White played college football, and he was called Whizzer White after the earlier Byron White, rather like Roger Barrett acquired the name Syd after another musician called Sid Barrett. This should be mentioned in the article, but I don't have source.  Randall Bart    Talk   06:03, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

Bot-created subpage
A temporary subpage at User:Polbot/fjc/Byron Raymond White was automatically created by a perl script, based on this article at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. The subpage should either be merged into this article, or moved and disambiguated. Polbot (talk) 00:16, 6 March 2009 (UTC)

The Law vs. Football - importance
This is a stylistic nit, but why is his football record in larger print than his supreme course 'sidebar.'

Should the SCOTUS stuff be in a larger font than his college or NFL career? Hundreds of people play NFL games, but there are only 9 supreme court members - I'd argue that the supreme court stuff is more important. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 174.101.136.61 (talk) 15:29, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

Steelers v. Pirates
the infobox states that he was drafted in 1938 by the steelers, but played for the pirates. I don't know nfl history that well, but it seems that this must be an error or vandalism. if neither, some explanation is in order. Toyokuni3 (talk) 22:30, 20 November 2013 (UTC)
 * I know this was over three years ago and the infobox no longer lists the team players are drafted by, but I'll splain anyway. The Pittsburgh Steelers franchise was known as the "Pittsburgh Pirates" from its founding until 1939. Lizard  (talk) 03:04, 22 March 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Byron White. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110929022306/https://www.phigam.org/NetCommunity/SSLPage.aspx?pid=888 to https://www.phigam.org/NetCommunity/SSLPage.aspx?pid=888

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:47, 27 July 2017 (UTC)

White's Nickname
Whizzer was supposedly a nickname that White did not like, especially in the context of his legal career. This is just one of many hits when searching "White hated the nickname Whizzer. Balancing the number of people who search for the old time football player versus the people looking for the Supreme Court Justice, it seems appropriate for the article to reference Whizzer in a section on his early life.

Signature on JFK nomination message
The signature on the nomination message currently shown on the page does not resemble other samples of JFK's signature (see e.g. the samples here). Does anyone know whose signature it is? Grover cleveland (talk) 15:42, 29 August 2021 (UTC)

Repeated quote
The quote in the section on Bowers v Hardwick is identical to the previous large quote. This seems unintentional. ELSchissel (talk) 22:13, 10 May 2023 (UTC)

What I edited
I added and removed spaces to make the infobox more tidy when the editing window opens. I also correctly linked Fort Collins, Colorado and Wellington, Colorado; according to: MOS:GEOLINK. I used  instead of   since it is easier to use, and also I added 1938 and 1940 All-Pro Team links, and eliminated the 1941 second-team All-Pro because he was not chosen for the team by any selector. Plus, I added the link to his profile on NFL.com and moved the Short description, use mdy dates, use American English and disambiguation link infoboxes above because they should be displayed at the beginning of the article. Sergio Skol (talk) 16:24, 23 September 2023 (UTC)

Football player: you've got to be kidding
White was a Supreme Court justice for DECADES and yet this isn't mentioned in the description of the article. Things like this really undermine Wikipedia's credibility. Trashbird1240 (talk) 16:52, 20 December 2023 (UTC)

 * @Trashbird1240 He is mentioned as a judge; other Supreme Court justices aren't specified as such in their short descs. —C.Fred (talk) 16:57, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
 * @C.Fred Wikipedia conventions aside, the idea that he is known in US history primarily as a football player is preposterous. Trashbird1240 (talk) 17:01, 20 December 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Byron White


text:
Whānau

Whānau is the Māori language word for the basic extended family group. Within Māori society the whānau encompasses three or four generations and forms the political unit below the levels of hapū (subtribe), iwi (tribe or nation) and waka (migration canoe). These steps are emphasised in Māori genealogy as a person's whakapapa.

Early Māori society
In pre-contact Māori tribal organisation the whānau historically comprised a family spanning three to four generations, and would number around 20 to 30 people. It formed the smallest partition of the Māori society.

The kaumātua (tribal elders), senior adults (pākeke) such as parents, uncles and aunts, and the sons and daughters together with their partners and children. Large whānau lived in their own compound in the pā. Whānau also had their own gardening plots and their own fishing and hunting spots. The whānau was economically self-sufficient. In warfare, it supported and was necessarily supported by the iwi (tribe) or hapū (sub-tribe).

The whānau would look after children and grandchildren collectively, so the loss of a parent was less likely to be devastating to a child's upbringing. In the case of orphaned children, the child would be taken in by the process of whāngai adoption. This form of adoption is still practised and has some legal codification in New Zealand.

Contemporary conceptions
Contemporary conceptions offer whānau in one of two ways:
 * 1) An "object or construction based on descent, cause or a mix of the two"; or
 * 2) "A collection of ideas".

As a descent construct, whānau has been variably described as 'extended family', 'extended family or community', or simply 'family'.

title: Whānau


text:
Coat of arms of the Northwest Territories

The coat of arms of the Northwest Territories was granted by a Royal Warrant of Queen Elizabeth II on 24 February 1956. The shield is also featured on the territorial flag. The coat of arms was designed by Canadian heraldry expert Alan Beddoe in the early 1950s.

Symbolism
The crest consists of two gold narwhals guarding a compass rose, symbolic of the magnetic North Pole. The white upper third of the shield represents the polar ice pack and is crossed by a wavy blue line symbolizing the Northwest Passage. The diagonal line separating the red and green segments of the lower portion of the shield reflects the tree line. The green symbolizes the forested areas south of the tree line, while the red represents the tundra to the north. Minerals and fur, the important bases of the northern wealth, are represented by gold billets in the green portion and the mask of the white fox in the red.


text:
User:BtThalion

Well hello there.

title: User:BtThalion


text:
Wikipedia:Zeitgeist

With over 800,000 topics covered on Wikipedia, users can find everything from breaking news to the most obscure articles. The Wikipedia Zeitgeist (yes, it's an idea pinched from Google) is a summary of the most popular queries and articles each month.

If you want to see a much more comprehensive summary of statistics, see http://www.wikipedia.org/stats.

July 2004
Most popular articles:

 * 1) Nick Berg (Iraq hostage)
 * 2) John Kerry
 * 3) Kim Sun-il (Iraq hostage)
 * 4) OS-tan (deeply bizarre; a must-read)
 * 5) List of sex positions
 * 6) United States
 * 7) Crushing by elephant (seriously)
 * 8) Bobby Fischer (former chess champion)
 * 9) Wikipedia
 * 10) Wiki

Most popular search terms:

 * 1) wikipedia
 * 2) wiki
 * 3) nick berg
 * 4) cristiano ronaldo
 * 5) teresa heinz kerry
 * 6) encyclopedia
 * 7) beheading
 * 8) harry potter and the half blood prince
 * 9) marlon brando
 * 10) ken jennings

June 2004
Most popular articles:

 * 1) Paul Johnson (hostage) (Iraq hostage)
 * 2) Kim Sun-il (Iraq hostage)
 * 3) Paul Marshall Johnson, Jr. (Iraq hostage)
 * 4) Beheading
 * 5) Decapitation
 * 6) Redmond, Washington (Microsoft HQ)
 * 7) Goatse.cx (Slashdot)
 * 8) SpaceShipOne
 * 9) Wikipedia
 * 10) United States

Most popular search terms:

 * 1) wikipedia
 * 2) beheading
 * 3) paul johnson
 * 4) kim sun il
 * 5) beheaded
 * 6) kimsunil
 * 7) nick berg
 * 8) kim sun-il
 * 9) beheading video (not on Wikipedia)
 * 10) wiki

fr:Wikipédia:Articles les plus consultés

title: Wikipedia:Zeitgeist


text:
Mount Sipylus

Mount Spil (Spil Dağı), the ancient Mount Sipylus (Σίπυλος) (elevation 1513 m), is a mountain rich in legends and history in Manisa Province, Turkey, in what used to be the heartland of the Lydians and what is now Turkey's Aegean Region.

Its summit towers over the modern city of Manisa as well as over the road between İzmir and Manisa. The contiguous mass of Mount Yamanlar, also overlooking the Gulf of İzmir, has often been considered an extension of the Mount Sipylus massif, with which it shares much history, although it is actually an extinct volcano and a distinct geographical formation.

History
The Manisa relief, a full-faced statue carved into a cliff face, is found near Mount Sipylus, several kilometers east of Manisa. According to the Byzantine commentator John the Lydian, the unknown author of the 7th-century BCE epic poem, the Titanomachy, placed the birth of Zeus not in Crete but in Lydia, which should signify Mount Sipylus.

The names "Sipylus" or "Sipylum" are mentioned by Pliny the Elder, supported by other sources, as the site of a very celebrated city called "Tantalis" or "the city of Tantalus", after the name of its founder. Presumably located on or very near the mountain, the city's ruins were reportedly still visible around the beginning of the Common Era.

The same Tantalus is famed throughout Greek mythology thanks to the accounts that he had cut up his son Pelops and served him up as food for the gods. His son Pelops is said to have later migrated to the Peloponnese, named after him, and to have founded a kingdom there. Tantalus' daughter was the tragic Niobe, who is associated with the "Weeping Rock" (Ağlayan Kaya in Turkish), a natural formation facing the city of Manisa. The Greek deities Apollo and Artemis were said to have killed all 14 children of Niobe at Mount Sipylus, whereupon the grief-stricken Niobe was turned to stone.

Later in ancient times, Mount Sipylus (Σίπυλος) rose above the site of Magnesia ad Sipylum (the southern portion of modern Manisa), whose existence is traced back as far as the 5th century BCE. Magnesia was located along the Hermus River (Gediz River) on the plain below and was the scene of the defeat of Antiochus III "the Great" by the Romans at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 BCE. The city of Smyrna lay nearby.

Spil today
An important reforestation effort was begun in the 1960s, covering thousands of hectares on and around the mountain. Since then, Spil Dağı National Park has attracted many foreign and domestic tourists. The famous "Weeping Rock" is still widely visited.

The mountain as a whole presents an area of dense forests and is known for its wild tulips. The mountain is also a common spot for camping, parachuting, hiking and other mountain sports.

The motorway connecting the two regional metropolitan centers, İzmir and Manisa, crosses between the two neighboring masses of Mount Sipylus and Mount Yamanlar through the Sabuncubeli Pass, which was much described by ancient travellers and writers and which descends from an altitude of 600 m to sea-level in only a few kilometers. The highest point of the pass corresponds to a point near the boundary between İzmir Province and Manisa Province. To bypass the steep and twisted Sabuncubeli Pass, the 6480 m-long Sabuncubeli Tunnel was built from 2011 to 2018.

title: Mount Sipylus


text:
Hyper Neo Geo 64

The Hyper Neo Geo 64 is an arcade system created by SNK, and released in September 1997, as the successor of the Neo Geo MVS, within the Neo Geo family.

It is the first and only SNK hardware set capable of rendering in 3D, and was meant to replace SNK's older MVS system on the market. Company executives planned for the project to bring SNK into the new era of 3D gaming that had arisen during the mid-1990s, and had planned for a corresponding home system to replace the aging and expensive AES home console.

However it never managed to match the huge success of the MVS, and reached its end of life in 1999. Only seven games were produced for the arcade variation of the system, none of which proved particularly popular, and the project was discontinued. The proposed home system never got beyond initial planning stages and only one of the arcade games, Fatal Fury: Wild Ambition, has been ported to home systems.

History
The Hyper Neo Geo 64 was conceived to bring SNK into the 3D era as well as to replace their aging Neo Geo home system.

The system was first announced in late 1995, and planned for release in late 1996. It was officially unveiled at the February 1997 AOU show, though all that was demonstrated at the show was a videotape containing a few seconds of footage of Samurai Shodown 64, which SNK announced would be the first game for the system. By mid-1997 test units were on display in Japan.

The arcade version of the system was released in September 1997, featuring a custom 64-bit RISC processor, 4 megabytes of program memory, 64 megabytes of 3D and texture memory, and 128 megabytes of memory for 2D characters and backgrounds. The first title released for the system was Road's Edge, with Samurai Shodown 64 and Fatal Fury: Wild Ambition following soon after. None were particularly well received.

By 1999, the system was discontinued, with only seven games released in total. Fatal Fury: Wild Ambition was ported to the Sony PlayStation home system.

Home system
Although details regarding the planned home system are sparse, it is believed that like the AES console, much of the hardware from the Neo Geo 64 arcade platform would also have been present in the home system, meaning gameplay would be identical or nearly identical whether a given game was played at home or in the arcade. It is unknown what media the home system would have used.

Specifications

 * Processors:
 * CPU #1 (main): 100 MHz NEC VR4300 (64-bit MIPS III)
 * CPU #2 (auxiliary, handles audio I/O): V53@16 MHz 16-bit microcontroller (V33 superset)
 * CPU #3 (auxiliary, handles communications I/O): KL5C80A12CFP@12.5 MHz 8-bit microcontroller (Z80 compatible)
 * Memory layout:
 * 0x00000000..0x00FFFFFF: mainboard RAM (16 MiB)
 * 0x04000000..0x05FFFFFF: cartridge RAM (16 MiB)
 * 0x1FC00000..0x1FC7FFFF: ROM (512 KiB)
 * Cartridge ROM mapping is variable.
 * Sound chip: 32-channel PCM sample-based synthesis audio, with maximum sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz (CD-quality) and 32 MB of sample RAM
 * Display:
 * Color palette: 16.7 million
 * Maximum onscreen color palette: 4,096
 * 3D branch: 96 MB vertex memory, 16 MB maximum texture memory
 * 2D sprite branch: 60 frames per second animation, 128 MB character memory
 * Main functions: scaling, montage, chain, mosaic, mesh, action, up/down, right/left reverse
 * Sprites per frame: 1,536 sprites
 * 2D scrolling branch: Up to 4 game planes, 64 MB character memory
 * Main functions: scaling, revolution, morphing; horizontal/vertical screen partitioning and line scrolling

List of games
Seven games were released, all developed and published by SNK.

title: Hyper Neo Geo 64


text:
Talk:Tsuruga Castle

I recommend naming articles on castles by place rather than by name. Lots of castles have nicknames: Rijo, Karasujo etc. but they're more widely known in English by the name of the city. So, I think this should be merged into Aizu Wakamatsu Castle. Fg2 23:14, Aug 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree. It is known between historians that beautiful naming like this "castle of crane" makes many ambiguities. There are at least two other Tsuruga Castles in the Gifu prefecture and the Ōita prefecture. So the Japanese historians avoid it. Tsuruga Castle is the name for tourism. Aizuwakamatsu, Aizu-wakamatsu, or Aizu Wakamatsu Castle is better for our encyclopedia. - Kinori 05:14, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree too. In addition, Tsuruga Castle (ja:敦賀城) in Fukui prefecture is indistinctive from them in English. --Mnd 16:59, 17 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you. I moved the article to Aizuwakamatsu Castle. Kinori 03:10, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tsuruga Castle


text:
Talk:Aizu Wakamatsu Castle

Regarding merge message, please see Discussion page at Talk:Tsuruga Castle.

title: Talk:Aizu Wakamatsu Castle


text:
Charles Benjamin Dudley

Charles Benjamin Dudley (July 14, 1842 – December 21, 1909) was an American chemist who was an early proponent of standardisation in industry.

Dudley was born in Oxford, New York, and owing to family circumstances, had to wait until 1867 before he could enter Yale College, supporting himself as a night editor on the New Haven Palladium newspaper. After graduating with a B.A. degree in 1871, he eventually earned a Ph.D. from the Sheffield Scientific School in 1874.

In 1875, he became a chemist for the Pennsylvania Railroad and started to investigate the chemical composition and metallurgical structure of rail tracks, breakage being a major hazard at that time. He discovered enormous variation in the properties and quality of steel and the 1878 publication of his results caused an uproar in the steel industry, who saw it as their sole domain to determine the quality of their products for sale. Dudley championed the development of the company and industry standards and demanded rigorous testing of materials to verify conformity. He developed a complete range of standards for the Pennsylvania Railroad, not only for steel, but also for fuels, lubricants, paints, and even locomotives.

In 1879, Dudley was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society.

In 1882, he was made a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

In 1896 and 1897, Dudley served as president of the American Chemical Society.

In 1898, he was one of the founders of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), becoming president from 1902 to 1908.

He died in Altoona, Pennsylvania.

Honours

 * Member of Phi Beta Kappa;
 * President of the ASTM, (1902-1909).

title: Charles Benjamin Dudley


text:
Talk:Entropy (ecology)

Definition (help!)
The translation is complete, but I do not quite follow the mathematical derivation. There seems to be inconsistencies in the indices and even the assumptions, and I do not have enough knowledge in this field to make the corrections. Experts please help.

Felix Wan 23:17, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

from Pages needing translation into English:
 * Article: zh:&
 * Corresponding English-language article: Entropy (ecology).
 * Worth doing because: a supplementary to existing explanation to Entropy.
 * Originally Requested by: Tomchiukc 2 June 2004
 * Status: Done. Felix Wan 23:23, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Other notes: I do not quite follow the derivation. Someone with expertise in that area please help to make corrections. Felix Wan 23:23, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Gibberish
This page is close to being gibberish. The mathematics makes no sense. It would be better to remove this page and add anything useful that's supposed to be in this page to other pages on entropy.

I agree -- "If there are q individuals for each species, the population will be q1 + q2 + ... + qj + ... + qn. The number of individuals is qn = nlogq" makes no sense whatsoever. Maybe this article should be ditched and redirected to the Shannon index article, which appears to be on the same topic? PirateAngel (talk) 12:56, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Entropy (ecology)