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Anne-Sophie Mutter

Anne-Sophie Mutter (born 29 June 1963) is a German violinist. Born and raised in Rheinfelden, Baden-Württemberg, Mutter started playing the violin at age five and continued studies in Germany and Switzerland. She was supported early in her career by Herbert von Karajan and made her orchestral debut with the Berlin Philharmonic in 1977. Since Mutter gained prominence in the 1970s and 1980s, she has recorded over 50 albums, mostly with the Deutsche Grammophon label, and performed as a soloist with leading orchestras worldwide and as a recitalist. Her primary instrument is the Lord Dunn–Raven Stradivarius violin.

Mutter's repertoire includes traditional classical violin works from the Baroque period to the 20th century, but she also is known for performing, recording, and commissioning new works by present-day composers. As an advocate of contemporary music, she has had several works composed especially for her, by Thomas Adès, Unsuk Chin, Sebastian Currier, Henri Dutilleux, Sofia Gubaidulina, Witold Lutosławski, Norbert Moret, Krzysztof Penderecki, André Previn, Wolfgang Rihm, Jörg Widmann, and John Williams.

Mutter has received numerous awards and prizes, including four Grammy Awards (1994, 1999, 2000, and 2005), Echo Klassik awards (2009, 2014), the Grand Decoration of Honour of Austria (2007), the Grand Cross Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (2009), France's Legion of Honour (2009), Spain's Gold Medal of Merit in the Fine Arts (2016), Romania's Grand Cross National Order of Merit (2017), Poland's Gold Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis (2018), Japan's Praemium Imperiale (2019), the Polar Music Prize (2019), and holds honorary memberships at the Royal Academy of Music (1986) and American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2013).

Mutter founded the Association of Friends of the Anne-Sophie Mutter Foundation e.V. in 1997 and the Anne-Sophie Mutter Foundation in 2008, which support young string musicians. She frequently gives benefits concerts and, since 2021, has been the president of the German Cancer Aid.

Early life
Mutter was born in the German town of Rheinfelden, Baden-Württemberg. Her parents were Karl Wilhelm Mutter and Gerlinde Mutter and she was raised with two older brothers. While Mutter's father was a journalist who edited a newspaper in Baden-Württemberg, her mother was the first woman in her family to graduate from college. Although no one in the home played a musical instrument, all were passionate about classical music.

Mutter began piano lessons at age five but after a few months switched to the violin after listening to an album of the Mendelssohn and Beethoven violin concertos that her parents had given to each other as an engagement present. At age six, after only one year of study, Mutter won the National Music Prize, and in 1972 she gave her first concert, with the then 343-year-old Musikkollegium Winterthur.

Inspired by another recording, of violinist Yehudi Menuhin with Wilhelm Furtwängler, she then began studying with Erna Honigberger, a pupil of Carl Flesch; and when Honigberger died, in 1974, she continued with, also a former student of Flesch, at the Winterthur Conservatory.

1970s–1980s
Mutter's playing began to receive attention and she stopped attending school to devote herself full-time to music. Conductor Herbert von Karajan arranged for her to play with the Berlin Philharmonic. Only 13 years old at the time, she made her public debut on stage in 1976 at the Lucerne Festival, where she played Mozart's Violin Concerto No. 4 in D major. In 1977, she performed at the Salzburg Festival and with the English Chamber Orchestra conducted by Daniel Barenboim. Critics praised the level of maturity in Mutter's performance, with one reviewer of Die Welt writing, ""She played it ravishingly, and above all, she did not play it at all like a child prodigy. Her technique is fully mature." At 15, Mutter made her first recording of the Mozart Third and Fifth violin concerti with Karajan and the Berlin Philharmonic.

Mutter started to perform outside Europe in the early 1980s. In 1980, Mutter made her American debut with the New York Philharmonic playing Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto under Zubin Mehta. That same year she also made her debut with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra performing Beethoven's Romance in G major and Mozart's Third Violin Concerto under Georg Solti, and her debut with the National Symphony Orchestra playing Mozart's Third Violin Concerto under Mstislav Rostropovich. The following year Mutter made her debut at Carnegie Hall playing Mozart's Fifth Violin Concerto with the Philadelphia Orchestra under Riccardo Muti, and made her debut with the Boston Symphony Orchestra performing Bruch's Violin Concerto under Seiji Ozawa in 1983. Mutter's Japanese debut was in Tokyo (1981) with the Berlin Philharmonic under Karajan, followed by her Russian debut in Moscow (1985).

After three years of her debut with the London Symphony Orchestra in 1980, in which she played Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto under Claudio Abbado, Mutter was named the honorary President of Oxford University's Mozart Society. In 1985, at the age of 22, she was made an honorary fellow of the Royal Academy of Music (London) and head of its faculty of international violin studies and in 1986 an honorary member.

Beginning in the late 1980s, Mutter expanded her repertoire and devoted herself more to contemporary works, a focus that would become a significant component of her career. In 1986, Mutter premiered Witold Lutosławski's Chain 2, Dialogue for Violin and Orchestra, with the Zurich Collegium Musicum. Norbert Moret composed his Violin Concert En rêve for Mutter in 1988.

In 1988, she also made a grand tour of Canada and the United States, performing as a soloist with orchestras and giving solo recitals with pianist Lambert Orkis. Mutter made her recital debuts in New York (at Carnegie Hall), Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, San Francisco, Montreal, Toronto, and other cities and debuted with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra. Mutter premiered music by Krzysztof Penderecki and André Previn and performed classic works such as Beethoven's Violin Concerto and violin sonatas by Beethoven, Brahms, Franck, and Tartini.

1990s
By the 1990s, Mutter had established herself as an international star, transitioning from Wunderkind to mature artist  The press described her as a "master of the violin" and "musician of near peerless virtuosity and unimpeachable integrity," with critics noting her glamorous image. One author of Der Spiegel wrote in regards to Mutter's rise to fame: "In the meantime, the entire classical music world knows these tones and this musical master: Anne-Sophie Mutter, now 25, is probably the only world star made in Germany in today's instrumentalist trade and the first violinist from [Germany] who can keep up with the world's violin standard. After Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau's flight of fancy, no other serious musician from Germany – gender notwithstanding – has succeeded in rising more quickly from the first floor to the penthouse of the international guild of interpreters. In her line of work she is at the top: Frau Fiddler on the roof."

In the 1990s, Mutter premiered Wolfgang Rihm's Gesungene Zeit (1992), Sebastian Currier's Aftersong (1994) and Krzysztof Penderecki's Violin Concert No. 2 Metamorphosen (1995). That same decade, Mutter released some of her best-selling albums, including Carmen Fantasie with James Levine and the Vienna Philharmonic (1993) and Vivaldi's Four Seasons with Karajan and the Vienna Philharmonic (recorded in 1984, published in 1994) and another Vivaldi's Four Seasons album with the Trondheim Soloists (1999).

In 1998 she played and recorded for CD and DVD the complete set of Beethoven's Violin Sonatas (released 1999), accompanied by Lambert Orkis; these were broadcast on television in many countries. Mutter devoted an entire year to performing all ten of Beethoven's violin sonatas in the "Beethoven: Face to Face" tour in cities throughout North America and Europe, including additional modern pieces. Music critic Anthony Tommasini of the New York Times wrote on a concert of the Beethoven tour, "Ms. Mutter's playing had its trademark qualities: rich yet focused tone, striking varieties of sound, articulate yet supple rhythmic play. But her increasing work in recent years with living composers has brought a new kind of intellectual energy to her playing, for she was particularly attentive to the bold turns in this youthful music."

2000s
With the turn of the century, Mutter continued supporting new music and began collaborating with composer and conductor André Previn, who dedicated several works to Mutter. Mutter premiered a Tango Song and Dance in 2002, which Previn composed for her. Mutter also gave the first permanence and recording of Previn's Violin Concerto with the Boston Symphony Orchestra the same year, of which the recording became a critical success. Mutter toured with orchestras under the direction of Previn, performing his concerto and later premiering Previn's double concerto for violin and contrabass in 2007 with Roman Patkoló. Two years later, she premiered his Second Piano Trio with Lynn Harrell and Previn and Concerto for Violin and Viola with Yuri Bashmet.

Other contemporary works dedicated to Mutter that she premiered included Henri Dutilleux's Nocturne for violin and orchestra Sur le même accord (2002) under Kurt Masur conducting the London Philharmonic Orchestra and Sofia Gubaidulina's violin concerto (2007) under Sir Simon Rattle with the Berlin Philharmonic.

For Mozart's 250th Anniversary from 2005 to 2006, Mutter toured throughout Europe, North America, and Asia, including China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, performing Mozart's complete Violin Concertos, the Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra and complete Piano Trios. Mutter performed with Lambert Orkis and André Previn as pianists. Five DVD and CD recordings containing the works performed on tour and the complete Violin sonatas of Mozart were released.

In October 2006, on French television, Mutter appeared to indicate that she would be retiring when she turned 45, in 2008. However the following month she said that her words were "misinterpreted" and that she would continue to play as long as she felt she could "bring anything new, anything important, anything different to music".

2010s-present
Mutter performed classical and contemporary works during the 2010s, touring Europe, North America, Asia, South America, and Australia. For her yearly tours and performances, she continued her collaborations with Lambert Orkis and performed the major concertos of the classical repertoire. She premiered Wolfgang Rihm's "Lichtes Spiel" with the New York Philharmonic and "Dyade" with double bass player Roman Patkoló in 2010  and Sebastian Currier's "Time Machines" with the New York Philharmonic conducted by Alan Gilbert in 2011 to critical acclaim.

In 2011, Mutter established the Mutter Virtuosi, composed of select students and graduates of the Anne-Sophie Mutter Foundation (established 2008) that perform with Mutter. The chamber ensemble has toured multiple times throughout different continents in the 2010s, performing modern works and classics such as Vivaldi's Four Seasons. As part of Deutsche Grammophon's series to introduce classical music to broader audiences, Mutter and the Mutter Virtuosi performed works by Bach, Vivaldi, Gershwin and John Williams in a night club at Berlin's venue Neue Heimat in 2015. The performance was recorded for The Club Album – Live from the Yellow Lounge.

Mutter gave the world premiere of Previn's "Violin Concerto no. 2 for Violin and String Orchestra with the Trondheim Soloists in 2012, the premier of Sebastian Currier's "Ringtone Variations" for violin and double bass in 2013, and the premiere of John Williams' Markings for solo violin, strings and harp with the Boston Symphony Orchestra under Andris Nelsons in 2017. In 2018, Mutter premiered Previn's The Fifth Season, Krzysztof Penderecki's Sonata for Violin and Piano No. 2, and his Duo concertante per violino e contrabbasso.

In 2018, Mutter gave a concert with pianist Lang Lang titled the Berlin Concert with the Staatskapelle Berlin under Manfred Honeck for the 120 Anniversary of Deutsche Grammophon. For the anniversary, Mutter also gave concerts in Seoul, South Korea, and Tokyo, Japan. The following year, Mutter performed for the 20th anniversary of the Oxford Philharmonic Orchestra with Maxim Vengerov and Martha Argerich.

In 2019, Mutter joined John Williams to perform William's works for solo violin and orchestra, titled "Across The Stars". The tour and album contained works from William's film scores, with such notable pieces as the Star Wars themes, Rey and Yoda, and Hedwig's Theme from Harry Potter. The same year, Mutter toured Europe with the West–Eastern Divan Orchestra, playing Beethoven's Triple Concerto with Daniel Barenboim and Yo-Yo Ma. The tour included stops in Buenos Aires and Berlin, and resulted in the release of a CD by Deutsche Grammophon. In March 2019, Mutter premiered Sebastian Currier's Ghost Trio with Daniel Müller-Schott and Lambert Orkis at Carnegie Hall.

In September 2019, Mutter stopped during a performance of Beethoven's Violin Concerto with the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra to ask a cellphone user to stop recording. The incident received significant press coverage and refueled debates about concert cellphone etiquette.

Mutter has recently premiered several pieces that have been dedicated to her, including Jörg Widmann's string quartet Studie über Beethoven in Tokyo (2020), John Williams' Concerto for Violin and Orchestra No. 2 in Tanglewood with the Boston Symphony Orchestra (2021), Unsuk Chin's violin duet Gran Cadenza (2021) in Regensburg with violinist Ye-Eun Choi and Thomas Adès' work for violin and orchestra Air – Homage to Sibelius (2022) at the Lucerne Festival with the Lucerne Festival Contemporary Orchestra. Mutter's 2023 Virtuosi tour has also included works by Joseph Bologne in an effort to revive the composer's legacy.

Repertoire
Mutter's works include traditional classic pieces that are part of the violin repertoire. Mutter has performed and made recordings of the major violin concertos by Bach, Bartók, Berg, Brahms, Bruch, Beethoven, Dvořák, Mendelssohn, Mozart, Sibelius, Tchaikovsky, and Vivaldi. Her repertoire includes performances and recordings of the double and triple concertos by Brahms and Beethoven, violin romances by Beethoven, Bruch, and Dvořák, and popular orchestral works by Massenet, Sarasate, and Saint Saëns, and standard solo works by Bach and Paganini. Part of her repertoire encompasses chamber works such as the complete violin sonatas by Beethoven, Brahms, and Mozart, other sonatas by Bartók, Franck, Mendelssohn, Prokofiev and Tartini, trios by Beethoven and Mozart, and string quartets by Mozart, Beethoven and Haydn, and Schubert's Trout Quintet and Fantasy in C Major.

Though her repertoire includes many classical works, Mutter is particularly known for her performances of contemporary music. Several pieces have been specially written for or dedicated to her, including Henri Dutilleux's Sur le même accord, Krzysztof Penderecki's Second Violin Concerto, Witold Lutosławski's Chain 2 and the orchestral version of Partita, and Wolfgang Rihm's Gesungene Zeit ("Time Chant"), Lichtes Spiel, and Dyade and Sofia Gubaidulina's Violin Concerto No. 2 "In tempus praesens," among others. Mutter premiered André Previn's Violin Concerto "Anne-Sophie", whose recording received a Grammy Award. Mutter's recordings of Penderecki's Violin Concerto No. 2, Metamorphosen, and Rihm's Time Chant also received Grammy Awards.

World renowned film score composer and five times Academy Awards winner John Williams composed original music for her, including a pièce for violin, strings and harp called "Markings" (2017), a collection of arrangements of movie themes composed by him for violin and orchestra (recorded by Mutter and Williams with the Recording Arts Orchestra of Los Angeles in "Across the Stars", 2019 ) and Williams' second violin concerto (composed 2021, to be recorded by Mutter with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the author as conductor, in 2022 ). Mutter also appeared as soloist in John Williams' debut concert with the Wiener Philharmoniker on 28 and 29 January 2020, recorded by Deutsche Grammophon and released in the live album "John Williams in Vienna", which became the best-selling album of orchestral music in 2020.

Playing style and appearance

Anne-Sophie Mutter is known for her versatile technique, dynamic range of style, richness of tone and articulate, colorful sound. Critics have noted Mutter's personal and thorough interpretation of the music and dedication to the musical works she plays, as she often studies the letters, original scores, and other historical documents by the composer to guide her interpretation. Mutter often divides critics: some praise the sublimity, gracefulness, dexterity, intellectual energy, and sophistication of her music, while others view her playing overly refined, idiosyncratic and caught up in minute details and maintain that Mutter over-interprets works and imposes herself on the music.

Mutter is known for performing in strapless gowns. Mutter explained that she felt having fabric on her shoulder made it too slippery to hold her violin firmly while she was playing.

Instruments
She owns two Stradivarius violins: the Emiliani of 1703, and the Lord Dunn-Raven Stradivarius of 1710, of which Mutter primarily performs on the latter. Mutter acquired the Emilinia from John & Arthur Beare in London in 1979 and the Lord Dunn-Raven from Bein & Fushi in Chicago in 1984. She also owns a Finnigan-Klaembt dated 1999 and a Regazzi dated 2005.

Mutter has described her Stradivarius violin as her soul mate, saying "It sounded the way I (had) always been hoping. It's the oldest part of my body and my soul. The moment I am on stage, we are one, musically." Mutter ascribes the personal fit of her Stradivarius violin to the "depths of the colors and the incredible amount of dynamic range." She prefers the Lord Dunn-Raven, stating that the Emilia lacks "a dimension: It has no edginess. I miss the unbridled power. I need this roughness for the eruptive moments of the Beethoven sonatas. You need it for Brahms, Sibelius and contemporary works."

Public engagement
Throughout her career, Mutter has held many benefit concerts for various organizations such as Save the Children Japan, Save the Children Yemen, Artists against Aids, the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Society, the Hanna and Paul Gräb Foundation's Haus der Diakonie in Wehr-Öflingen, the Bruno Bloch Foundation, Beethoven Fund for Deaf Children, SOS Children's Villages in Syria and others. In 2018, Mutter gave a benefit concert commemorating a liberation concert in May 1945 for Holocaust survivors by Jewish musicians at the St. Ottilien Archabbey. In 2022, the New York Philharmonic and Mutter performed Jewish music, including Previn's violin concerto at Peenemünde, a former Nazi army research center site. Since March 2022, Mutter has been giving benefit concerts for Ukrainians in light of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Mutter founded the Association of Friends of the Anne-Sophie Mutter Foundation e.V. in 1997 and further established the Anne-Sophie Mutter Foundation in 2008, which supports young stringed instrument players and provides scholarships for talented individuals. Mutter initiated the foundation based on her belief that "Music should grip people, move people; it should tell stories; it should have an impact." Since 2011, the ensemble group Mutter's Virtuosi performs with Mutter and includes students supported by the foundation that also commissions new works for its students. Notable former scholarship holders and Mutter's Virtuosi members include violinists Timothy Chooi, Fanny Clamagirand, Vilde Frang, Sergey Khachatryan, Arabella Steinbacher, Noa Wildschut, and Nancy Zhou and cellists Pablo Ferrández, Maximilian Hornung, Linus Roth, Daniel Müller-Schott, and Kian Soltani, among others.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Mutter voiced her concerns about the impact of lockdowns on musicians, particularly classical musicians, and called for the German government to provide financial support.

In 2021, Anne-Sophie Mutter was elected president of the German Cancer Aid.

Personal life
In 1989, Mutter married her first husband, Detlef Wunderlich, with whom she had two children, Arabella and Richard. Wunderlich died of cancer in 1995. She dedicated her 1999 recording, Vivaldi: The Four Seasons, to his memory. She married the pianist, composer, and conductor André Previn in 2002. The couple divorced in 2006, but continued to collaborate musically and maintained their friendship. She lives in Munich.

Awards and recognition

 * Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance:
 * Anne-Sophie Mutter and Lambert Orkis for Beethoven: The Violin Sonatas (Nos. 1–3, Op. 12; Nos. 1–3, Op. 30; "Spring" Sonata) (2000)
 * Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra):
 * Anne-Sophie Mutter and André Previn (conductor) for Previn: Violin Concerto "Anne-Sophie"/Bernstein: Serenade (2005)
 * Anne-Sophie Mutter, Krzysztof Penderecki (conductor) and the London Symphony Orchestra for Penderecki: Violin Concerto No. 2, Metamorphosen  (1999)
 * Anne-Sophie Mutter, James Levine (conductor) and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for Berg: Violin Concerto/Rihm: Time Chant (1994)
 * Naming of Anne-Sophie-Mutter-Weg in Wehr, Baden-Württemberg (Eng: Anne-Sophie Mutter way) (27 August 1988)
 * Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg (1999)
 * Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art (1999)
 * Sonning Award (2001; Denmark)
 * Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art (2002)
 * Herbert von Karajan Music Prize (Baden-Baden, 2003)
 * Knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (2005)
 * Victoires de la Musique Classique (2006)
 * Grand Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria (2007)
 * Ernst von Siemens Music Prize (2008)
 * Mendelssohn Prize (Music category) (Leipzig, 2008)
 * Merit Cross 1st Class of the Federal Republic of Germany (Verdienstkreuz 1. Klasse) (2009)
 * Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur (France, 2009) for her commitment to the works of contemporary music by French
 * Echo Klassik as Instrumentalist (2009)
 * European St. Ulrichs Prize (July 2009)
 * Doctor Honoris Causa from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) (2010)
 * Prize of the Cultural Foundation of Dortmund
 * Brahms Prize (Brahms Society of Schleswig-Holstein, 2011)
 * Atlantic Council Distinguished Artistic Leadership Award (2012)
 * Bavarian Order of Merit
 * Cultural Honour of the City of Munich
 * Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of Music
 * Erich Fromm Prize for her comprehensive social work (2011)
 * Gustav Adolf Prize of Gustav-Adolf-Werk of the Evangelical Church in Hesse-Nassau for her socially diaconal commitment
 * The Medal of the Lutosławski Centennial (25 January 2013)
 * Named a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (April 2013)
 * Echo Klassik 2014 for the album 'Dvořák'
 * Named an Honorary Fellow of Keble College, Oxford
 * 11th Yehudi Menuhin Prize from the Foundation Albeniz (2016)
 * Medalla de Oro al Merito en las bellas Artes (2016)
 * Romanian Cultural Order of Merit with the rank of Grand Officer (2017)
 * Gold Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis (2018)
 * Polar Music Prize (2019)
 * Berliner Bär (BZ-Cultural Prize) (2019)
 * Praemium Imperiale (2019)
 * Cultural Award of Baden-Württemberg (2020)
 * Opus Klassik, Category Instrumentalist (Violin) for Across the Stars (2020)
 * Honorary Degree Of Doctor Honoris Causa from the Krzysztof Penderecki Academy of Music in Kraków (2022)
 * Opus Klassik Instrumentalist of the Year Award (2023) for Williams' Violin Concerto No. 2 & Selected Film Themes

Discography
Deutsche Grammophon:
 * Mozart Violin Concertos Nos. 3 & 5 (1978)
 * Beethoven Triple Concerto (1980)
 * Beethoven Violin Concerto (1980)
 * Mendelssohn Violin Concerto / Bruch Violin Concerto No. 1 (1981)
 * Brahms Violin Concerto(1982)
 * Brahms Double Concerto (1983)
 * Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto (1988)
 * Lutosławski Partita & Chain 2 / Stravinsky Violin Concerto (1988)
 * Beethoven: The String Trios (1989)
 * Bartok Violin Concerto No. 2 / Moret En Rêve (1991)
 * Berg Violin Concerto / Rihm Time Chant (1992)
 * Carmen-Fantasy (1993)
 * Romance (1995)
 * Sibelius Violin Concerto (1995)
 * The Berlin Recital (1996)
 * Brahms Violin Concerto / Schumann Fantasy for Violin and Orchestra (1997)
 * Penderecki Violin Concerto No. 2 / Bartok Sonata for Violin and Piano No. 2 (1997)
 * Beethoven The Violin Sonatas (1998)
 * Vivaldi The Four Seasons (1999)
 * Recital 2000 (2000)
 * Lutosławski Partita for Violin and Orchestra / Chain 2 (2002)
 * Beethoven Violin Concerto (2002)
 * Tango Song and Dance (2003)
 * Previn Violin Concerto / Bernstein Serenade (2003)
 * Tchaikovsky & Korngold Violin Concertos (2004)
 * Dutilleux Sur le même accord / Bartok Violin Concerto No. 2 / Stravinsky Concerto en ré (2005)
 * Mozart The Violin Concertos (2005)
 * Mozart Piano Trios K502, K542, K548 (2006)
 * Mozart The Violin Sonatas (August 2006)
 * Simply Anne-Sophie (2006)
 * Gubaidulina in tempus praesens (2008)
 * Mendelssohn Violin Concerto (2009)
 * Brahms Violin Sonatas (2010)
 * Rihm: Lichtes Spiel; Currier: Time Machines (2011)
 * The Complete Musician: Highlights (2011)
 * Asm 35: The Complete Musician (2011)
 * Dvořák: Violin Concerto (2013)
 * The Silver Album (2014)
 * Anne-Sophie Mutter Live: The Club Album from Yellow Lounge (2015)
 * Mutterissimo: The Art of Anne-Sophie Mutter (2016)
 * Franz Schubert: Trout Quintet (with Daniil Trifonov, Maximilian Hornung,     Hwayoon Lee, und Roman Patkaló)(2017)
 * Hommage à Penderecki (2018)
 * The Early Years (2018)
 * The Tokyo Gala Concert (2019)
 * "Hedwig's Theme" from Harry Potter (2019)
 * Across the Stars (2019) (Works of John Williams; Direction: John Williams)
 * "Remembrances" & "Markings" (2019)
 * Beethoven Triple Concerto & Symphony 7 (with Barenboim and Yo-Yo Ma) (2020)
 * John Williams in Vienna (2020)
 * Williams, Violin Concerto No. 2 & Selected Film Themes (2022)
 * The Solo Concertos: Beethoven, Brahms, Bruch, Mendelssohn, Mozart, Tschaikowski (2023)

Sony Classical Records:
 * Brahms Double Concerto & Clara Schumann Piano Trio (2022)

EMI Classics:
 * Mozart Violin Concertos Nos. 2 & 4 (1982)
 * Bach Violin Concertos / Concerto for Two Violins and Orchestra (1983)
 * Brahms Violin Sonatas (1983)
 * Vivaldi The Four Seasons (1984)
 * Lalo: Symphonie Espagnole / Sarasate: Zigeunerweisen (1985)
 * Mozart Violin Concerto No. 1, Sinfonia Concertante (1991)
 * Meditation: Vivaldi, Mozart, Massenet, Sarasate (1995)

title: Anne-Sophie Mutter


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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Xjaymanx


text:
Quick (restaurant)

Quick Restaurants is an originally Belgian chain of hamburger fast food restaurants currently based in Bobigny, Seine-Saint-Denis, France. Quick was founded in 1971 by Belgian entrepreneur Baron François Vaxelaire and operates around 400 restaurants.

Quick is similar in theme to McDonald's, Burger King or A&W. In 2007, it was taken over by the French government's investment holding company, CDC, and was purchased by Burger King in February 2016. In September 2016, QSR Belgium bought back restaurants of Belgium and Luxembourg to Bertrand Group.

History
The chain was first established in 1971 by retail entrepreneur Baron Vaxelaire (Chairman of the GB/GIB Group) with two restaurants, one in Schoten, just outside Antwerp and another one in Waterloo, south of Brussels. The first Quick in France was opened in Aix-en-Provence on July 19, 1980. By December 31, 2010, it operated over 400 restaurants in Belgium, France, Luxembourg and the French overseas departments or territories of Réunion, New Caledonia, Guadeloupe and Martinique. 72% of these restaurants are operated as franchises.

Quick used to have a UK and Dutch presence in the 1980s and 90s, including a branch in London's Leicester Square and in Rotterdam, but these are long since closed. From around 2007-08 Quick also had restaurants in Morocco and Algiers, Algeria, as well as Moscow and Tula in Russia, but these have also closed. Currently there are outlets in Morocco, two outlets in Tunis, Tunisia.

In September 2016, QSR Belgium bought back restaurants of Belgium and Luxembourg to Bertrand Group.

In February 2010, Quick announced that eight of its French franchises would offer halal menus to cater to the Muslim population, a number that increased to 22 in August 2010, and only halal menus are being served since then. The move caused controversy from politicians across various parties, including Roubaix's mayor, Marine Le Pen of the National Front, and the UMP, France's ruling political party.

In 2011, Quick unveiled Le Double Mix, a two-in-one sandwich featuring a bread-bun done two different ways on each half, with each side having its own dressings. Available in hamburger or chicken varieties, Le Double Mix was sold as a limited-run sandwich, through April 18, 2011.

Death of Benjamin Orset
On January 22, 2011, 14-year-old Benjamin Orset died after eating two hamburgers at a Quick restaurant in Avignon, France. An autopsy report concluded that he died from food poisoning. Traces of staphylococci were detected in the boy's body, as well as in five of the eight employees. Quick's managing director, Jacques-Edouard Charret, refused to accept responsibility for the death of the boy. However, the investigation found that the death of Orset was a direct result of the meal he had eaten at Quick the day before. Admitting the possibility of a "local failure" rather than any problems with the products supplied centrally, Quick took control of the Avignon restaurant back from the franchisee. Quick also promised to "strengthen its controls and hygiene measures, which are already stricter than the legal standards".

Morocco
In 2003, Quick opened their first restaurant in Casablanca by the biggest movie theater in the country, Megarama. In 2016, the Ténor group became franchiseholder for Quick in Morocco. They opened in Agdal, Rabat another restaurant. Later in 2016, two new restaurants opened, one in Maârif, Casablanca, and the other in Gueliz, Marrakech. From 2017 restaurants with drive through access were opened, the first in Targa, Marrakech, followed by a second one in El Jadida in 2018 and a third one in August 2019 in Dar Bouaaza. Also in 2019 a Quick restaurant opened on the top floor of the Ryad Square shopping mall in Rabat, Hay Riad. In 2022 the first restaurant in Rabat moved to the food court of the Arribat Shopping Mall.

title: Quick (restaurant)


text:
General Motors Vortec engine

Vortec is a trademarked name for a line of gasoline engines for General Motors trucks. The name first appeared in an advertisement for the 1985 model year 4.3 L V6 that used "vortex technology" to create a vortex inside the combustion chamber, creating a better air / fuel atomization. It has since been used on a wide range of engines. Modern Vortec engines are named for their approximate displacement in cubic centimeters.

 * I4
 * For the Vortec 2200, see General Motors 122 engine.
 * For the Vortec 2800, see General Motors Atlas engine.
 * For the Vortec 2900, see General Motors Atlas engine.
 * I5
 * For the Vortec 3500, see General Motors Atlas engine.
 * For the Vortec 3700, see General Motors Atlas engine.
 * I6
 * For the Vortec 4200, see General Motors Atlas engine.
 * V6
 * For the Vortec 4300, see Chevrolet 90° V6 engine.
 * V8
 * For the Vortec 4800, see General Motors small-block engine.
 * For the Vortec 5000, see Chevrolet small-block engine (first- and second-generation).
 * For the Vortec 5300, see General Motors small-block engine.
 * For the Vortec 5700, see Chevrolet small-block engine (first- and second-generation).
 * For the Vortec 6000, see General Motors small-block engine.
 * For the Vortec 6200, see General Motors small-block engine.
 * For the Vortec 7400, see Chevrolet big-block engine.
 * For the Vortec 8100, see Chevrolet big-block engine.

title: General Motors Vortec engine


text:
Isle of Wight, Virginia

Isle of Wight is an unincorporated community in and the county seat of Isle of Wight County, Virginia, United States. Originally, Isle of Wight County was named Warrosquyoake Shire. This was changed to the current name of Isle of Wight in 1637.

title: Isle of Wight, Virginia


text:
Delphi (disambiguation)

Delphi is an archaeological site in Greece.

Delphi may also refer to:

In Greece

 * Delphi (modern town), a town near the eponymous archaeological site
 * Delphi, a mountain in Skopelos, Greece
 * Delphic oracle or Pythia, located in Delphi

In the United States

 * Delphi, Indiana, small city
 * Delphi, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 * Delphi, Washington, an unincorporated community

Elsewhere

 * Delphi, County Mayo, settlement in County Mayo, Republic of Ireland

Arts, entertainment, and media

 * Delphi (Morlocks), a Marvel Comics character appearing in the Uncanny X-Men series
 * Delphi (Pantheon), a Marvel Comics character appearing in the Incredible Hulk series

Brands and enterprises

 * Delphi Automotive, former name of the automotive systems corporation Aptiv
 * Delphi Bank, a subsidiary of Bendigo and Adelaide Bank; previously the Bank of Cyprus Australia Limited
 * Delphi Technologies, an automotive systems corporation spun off from Delphi Automotive, purchased by BorgWarner in 2020

Computing

 * Delphi (software), an Object Pascal dialect and integrated development environment owned by Embarcadero Technologies
 * DelPhi, macromolecular electrostatics modeling software package
 * Delphi online service a former internet service provider

Crime

 * Murders of Abigail Williams and Liberty German, known as the "Delphi murders" (2017)

Education

 * Delphi Schools, Inc., a non-profit educational organization aiming to establishing effective schools based on L. Ron Hubbard's ideals
 * The Delphian School, the flagship Delphi School in Oregon

Science

 * DELPHI experiment (DEtector with Lepton, Photon and Hadron Identification), one of the four detectors of the Large Electron-Positron Collider at CERN
 * Delphi method, a forecasting technique which relies on the input of many experts gathered anonymously

People

 * Lady Delphi Primrose (b. 2003), Scottish model

title: Delphi (disambiguation)


text:
GuitarFreaks and DrumMania

Gitadora is a music video game series produced by Konami. The series consists of two games, GuitarFreaks and DrumMania, where players use game controllers modeled after musical instruments to perform the lead guitar, bass guitar and drums of numerous songs across a wide range of genres by matching scrolling musical notes patterns shown on screen. Players are scored for successfully-hit notes, but may fail a song if they miss too many notes. The series has featured numerous game modes, and supports both single-player and multiplayer modes where up to three players can perform together. Some earlier versions of the game could also be linked with Keyboardmania.

GuitarFreaks (ギターフリークス) is a music video game series produced by Konami. It is a rhythm game where the player uses a controller to simulate the playing of an electric guitar. The game consists of music predominantly from the rock music, rock and roll and J-pop genres. It is considered one of the most influential video games of all time, for having laid the foundations for popular guitar-based rhythm games, such as the Guitar Hero series. Working Designs attempted to bring Guitar Freaks PlayStation 2 games in the U.S., but patent problems with the guitar controller prevented the project from moving forward.

DrumMania (ドラムマニア) is a drumming music video game series produced by Bemani, the musical division of Konami Digital Entertainment, Inc. It first released in 1999 as an arcade game, then subsequently ported to the Sony PlayStation 2 in Japan in 2000 as a launch title. Subsequent mixes have been released approximately once a year. In 2010, a series XG was introduced, adding a floor tom, left cymbal and a left pedal to the cabinet setup.

System 573 era (1999–2004)
GuitarFreaks was released on February 16, 1999. It included a dozen of songs and uses the Bemani System 573 analog hardware, so called because it uses the analog audio output from a CD drive. DrumMania was released on July 10, 1999, along with GuitarFreaks 2ndMix. These versions included 26 and 33 songs, respectively, and could be linked together to play 14 common songs. Subsequent versions used digital hardware and featured larger song lists, eventually surpassing 120 songs. The GuitarFreaks version number continued having an increment of one compared to the equivalent DrumMania version until GuitarFreaks 11thMix and DrumMania 10thMix on April 22, 2004. GuitarFreaks 2ndMix was the last System 573 analog game, and DrumMania was the first System 573 digital game.

Although the series saw 11 main arcade releases for the System 573, only the first four received home ports. Two of these are GuitarFreaks games for the original PlayStation console:
 * GuitarFreaks was released on July 29, 1999. It features a total of 18 songs: 12 from its arcade counterpart, 3 previews from 2ndMix and 3 unique songs. It features Key Disc technology to allow play of GuitarFreaks Append 2ndMix.
 * GuitarFreaks Append 2ndMix was released on February 24, 2000. It features a total of 45 songs: 17 from its predecessor (J-STAFF is omitted), 17 from its arcade counterpart and 11 original songs. As an Append Disc, 2ndMix functions like an expansion pack, requiring the first GuitarFreaks to be loaded as a Key Disc before play.

DrumMania home ports are exclusive to the PlayStation 2. The first is simply DrumMania, the drum counterpart to GuitarFreaks 2ndMix. The game's two immediate sequels were also released as GuitarFreaks & DrumMania:
 * DrumMania was released on March 4, 2000, as a launch title for the PlayStation 2.
 * GuitarFreaks 3rdMix & DrumMania 2ndMix was released on September 13, 2000.
 * GuitarFreaks 4thMix & DrumMania 3rdMix was released on September 20, 2001.

No home ports were released for the seven other System 573 sequels. Instead, songs from these arcade games are included in future titles for the PlayStation 2: the Masterpiece series, with a total of 150 songs split between two releases, and home ports of the V series, with 46 revivals split between three releases and unavailable in Masterpiece.

V1 to V3 (2005–2007)
In 2005, the GuitarFreaks & DrumMania series was upgraded to Bemani Python 2 hardware, which is powered by the PlayStation 2, the same hardware that later became used in the Dance Dance Revolution SuperNova series. This eased the development of home ports, which saw a reduced song list, but functioned nearly identically to their arcade counterparts. Three versions of the guitar and drum games utilized this platform:
 * GuitarFreaks & DrumMania V was released on February 23, 2005, for arcades and March 16, 2006, for the PlayStation 2. The arcade version features 271 songs: 118 new additions, 125 from the previous version (« super "shomin" car » was removed) and 28 from older versions. The home version of V is limited to 68 songs, of which 49 are from the arcade version ("Misirlou" is missing), 16 are revivals from GF5/DM4 to GF11/DM10 (excluding GF6/DM5) and three are V2 previews.
 * GuitarFreaks & DrumMania V2 was released on November 24, 2005, for arcades and November 22, 2006 for the PlayStation 2. The arcade version features 363 songs: 93 new additions, 270 from V ("Mountain à Go-Go" was removed) and 25 from older versions. The home version of V2 is limited to 67 songs, of which 44 are from the arcade version, 18 are revivals (seven of these revivals are also in V), three are V3 previews and another two are unique songs later featured in V4.
 * GuitarFreaks & DrumMania V3 was released on September 13, 2006, for arcades and October 4, 2007 for the PlayStation 2. The arcade version features 417 songs: 46 new additions, 357 from V2 (six songs were removed) and 14 from older versions. The home version of V3 is limited to 80 songs, of which 46 are from the arcade version, 21 are revivals, 12 are console originals (including "You ~Meaning All Orbit~", later featured in V6, plus three V5 previews and six V4 previews) and one ("Misirlou") is from V.

Two other home versions of GuitarFreaks & DrumMania were released: Masterpiece Silver on August 31, 2006 and Masterpiece Gold on March 8, 2007. Each features 74 and 76 songs, respectively, from older releases that lacked a home port.

V4 to V6 (2007–2009)
GuitarFreaks & DrumMania V4 was released on August 8, 2007, in Japan and received a location test on September 30, 2007, in the United States. This instalment is the first in the series to forego PlayStation-based hardware, replacing it with a Bemani PC running Windows XP Embedded. This is in contrast to Dance Dance Revolution SuperNova 2, which was released on August 22, 2007, in Japan and continued to use the PlayStation 2-based Python 2.

V4 is also the first international release in the series, the second location test of GuitarFreaks in the US, and the first location test of DrumMania in the US. The test was short-lived in the United States, concluding in just over a month.

XG to XG3 and V7 to V8 (2010–2012)
The XG series features guitar and drum controllers with extra frets and pads, respectively. V7 and V8 were released concurrently with XG and XG2, respectively.

GITADORA to GITADORA GALAXY WAVE (2013–present)
GITADORA became a continuation to the XG Series of GuitarFreaks and DrumMania. The first release of GITADORA seies was February 14, 2013, with lots of modification in the game-play. The "Matixx" Sereies of GITADORA had a lot of improvements (like for example, Phrase Combo has been added to the Song Progress), similar to the following GITADORA series. By December 16, 2020, Konami announced that they have already a PC version of the Game called "コナステ GITADORA" (Konasute GITADORA) with a Monthly Fee of 1480 yen to play the game. From February 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022, Konami made a promo for players that they will have a free month of playing the PC version of GITADORA by purchasing a Yamaha DTX 402KS or 452KS drumset and then introducing the serial code included with them. GITADORA GALAXY WAVE is the latest arcade release.

Controller
GuitarFreaks is played using a controller designed to imitate the shape of an electric guitar, most like the Fender Jazzmaster or Fender Mustang. The neck houses three buttons, colored red, green, and blue. During XG series up to recent GITADORA, two buttons were added such as yellow and pink. On the main face of the guitar, a pick lever is used to simulate the picking and strumming of an actual guitar. A small metal knob near the pick is used to alter the sound produced by the game, such as adding Chorus/Delay effects.

Gameplay
The interface is similar to other games in the Bemani series. Two note scrolls—one for each player—are displayed at the left and right sides of the screen. Colorful animations for each song are displayed in the center of the screen. Each note scroll consists of four columns: one each for the red, green, and blue buttons, and a fourth column, known as the Wailing Bonus column. Individual notes and chords are represented by small colored bars that scroll upward in the columns. To play the correct note, the player must hold down the buttons corresponding to the colored bars, and move the fret lever when the bars reach the yellow fretting line. When a guitar icon is displayed in the Wailing Bonus column along with an associated note, the player can tilt the guitar upright while playing the note to receive bonus points.

The player's accuracy is judged for each note played. The current system uses the names Perfect, Great, Good, OK, and Miss to indicate a player's accuracy. Ratings of Miss will deplete the player's Groove Gauge, while Perfect, Great and Good ratings will replenish it. If the Groove Gauge is emptied completely, the player fails, and the game ends. Players are allowed to play anywhere from one to five songs depending on the game cabinet's configuration, with the ability to earn additional songs in certain versions of the game. Furthermore, if "fast/slow" (advanced judge) is enabled, then there will be additional indicator of judge (Just/Fast/Slow/Miss). Just Perfects are called "X-Perfect"s (rainbow color) while Fast/Slow Perfects are regular Perfects (yellow color).

Upon successful completion of a song, players are graded on their performance. When the game ends, the player's total score across all songs played is tabulated.

DrumMania simulates real life drumming. It is played using a controller designed to imitate a drum set. Five pads are arrayed from left to right for the hi-hat, snare drum, high tom, low tom, cymbal and bass drum. On XG series, a left cymbal, left pedal and a floor tom are added. During play, the player presses the pads and steps on the pedal in sync with the notes falling vertically from the top of the screen in time with the music.

DrumMania uses a modified Yamaha DTXPRESS electronic drumkit. This drumkit is used for players for gameplay and navigating through select screens. Navigating can also be done by pressing Select and Start button on the right side of the machine. On home releases, a drum controller made by KONAMI can be used, although rather than separating each buttons on their own pads, home controllers place the pads on a single place, more resembling a palette. PlayStation 2 DUALSHOCK Controllers may also be used.

Session linking
One of the major selling points of GuitarFreaks is its ability to be linked to another of Konami's Bemani games, DrumMania. This allows up to three players to join together to play simultaneously in Session Mode. During a session, the music will play simultaneously from both games, and the players' guitar and drum sounds are relayed between the two games.

Because the second version of GuitarFreaks was released prior to the first version of DrumMania, GuitarFreaks is one "mix" number higher than the DrumMania version it links up to. For example, GUITARFREAKS 6thMIX is designed to be linked with DrumMania 5thMIX. The mix versions were synchronized with the release of GuitarFreaks V & DrumMania V eschewing the long-standing number system, and replacing what would have been the 12th and 11th mix, respectively.

Super Session
Seen only in two releases each of GuitarFreaks and DrumMania, Super Session allowed the games to be linked up with Keyboardmania 3rd Mix as well. In addition to having three players control the guitars and drums, two more could be added playing along on keyboards. However, when linked with Keyboardmania, only about a dozen songs are available to play. Keyboardmania 3rd Mix can be linked with GuitarFreaks 5th Mix and DrumMania 4th Mix, or GuitarFreaks 6th Mix and DrumMania 5th Mix.

Soundtrack
The series' songlist has steadily grown with each release. As of Gitadora FUZZ UP, the latest version of Gitadora features over 1,200 songs in total. Most songs are either crossovers from other Bemani games, and Japanese pop and rock. Some mixes also contain covers of popular North American songs. Songs are primarily in-house original compositions, covers of popular Japanese or English songs or edited master tracks licensed from the artists. Most songs are pop and rock in style, although there are often a wide variety of musical genres available.

Reception
The arcade game was popular and played in arcades throughout Asia.

The PlayStation port of DrumMania received a positive review from Dave Zdyrko of IGN in 2000. He said that, while the game lacks realism and that it was "nothing at all like playing real drums," it "provides for one of the most addictive and enjoyable videogame experiences since Tetris was first unearthed."

Legacy and impact
It is considered one of the most influential video games of all time, for having laid the foundations for popular guitar-based rhythm games, such as the Guitar Hero series.

GuitarFreaks is believed to have inspired Namco's similar rhythm game Guitar Jam, released later in April 1999.

GuitarFreaks and DrumMania inspired the development of popular North American console game franchises Guitar Hero and Rock Band. The Huangs raised $1.75 million for the effort, despite being turned down by some investors who "thought [ the idea ] was too weird".

In 2008, Konami sued Rock Band developer Harmonix for allegedly violating three patents for its drum and guitar based music games. The lawsuit was eventually settled in 2010 and its claims dismissed.

Konami also partnered up with Activision for post-2007 Guitar Hero games to comply with Konami's drum and guitar games patents, and eventually in 2009, the two, along with Raw Thrills, released Guitar Hero Arcade in North America.

Releases
In Asia, outside of Japan, DrumMania releases from 1st to 10thMix are known as PercussionFreaks.

The PlayStation 2 port of GuitarFreaks 4thMix & DrumMania 3rdMix is known as ''ギタドラ! GuitarFreaks 4thMix & DrumMania 3rdMix''. It is the first game with Gitadora in the title.

Gallery
 File:PercussionFreaks 5th Mix arcade machine.jpg|PercussionFreaks 5th Mix (DrumMania 5th Mix) arcade machine File:Guitarfreaks v4.jpg|Guitarfreaks V4 cabinet File:DrumMania V7 20170726 125157.jpg|DrumMania V7 cabinet File:GITADORA Tri-Boost DrumMania arcade.jpg|GITADORA Tri-Boost DrumMania arcade machine

title: GuitarFreaks and DrumMania


text:
Talk:Invision Power Services

July 2004
From VfD:

Producer of Invision Power File Manager, Invision Power Board among others. While the products seem to be quite popular, the and would be better served by an external link from any notable products it might have. Ianb 19:16, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep. The entry isn't intended as an ad and surely doesn't appear to be one. It was created as a stub to encourage an informal development of a company history, background, etc. for those who may not be familiar with it. --Zach A 19:15, 2004 Jul 28 (UTC)

 * Keep if the "ad-speak" is removed within a reasonably short period. Needs an emergency POV-ectomy. - Lucky 6.9 21:51, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep and possibly merge with the other two. Zocky 03:20, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Keep assuming that it will be cleaned up. The company has its own merit as an article. (Are we VingFD of the other two articles? They don't sound like they need to be deleted, but expanded as they are stubs right now.) [ alerante | “” 12:44, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC) ]

end mvoed discussion

IP Dynamic
I think that the description for Invision Power Dynamic should be changed. --bdude 08:14, 24 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Happy to oblige --Pti 03:26, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

Download Manager
This is not an official product yet, surely? 68.249.148.211 keeps on adding it. --Phatmonkey 18:11, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Grrrr. I'll jjust make a new heading for unreleased products to make this dynamic IP user happy! --PhatmonkeyTalk 18:21, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

IP Wiki
Added this section because it is in a similar status as the Download Manager...glad we have a section for unreleased products because they have a lot of them. Compguy11 05:51, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

Info on 3rd Party IpbWiki
I'm curious to see what people think about this. There are hundreds of components made for IPB. Do we really need to advertise IpbWiki? Even if you argued that it relates to a current product in development as a 'alternative', there is also alternatives to Invision's Blog system and their gallery system. Should we mention those too? I just think it's free advertising for the creators of that component. (Just checked, and the person who added that is not a registered user..so..hmm) Comments, plz. Compguy11 09:53, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

I would like to learn about the alternatives for Invision Blog and Gallery. A bit unreleated, but I also just visited you're site Compuguy11 and I see that you have started a petition about the fact that Invision Power Services removes posting access from people on IpsBeyond, I would like to see added that petition (in link form or as section (might need editing to let it less refer to you)) to this article as well, it is a much heared complaint and putting it here might be ideal to reach the target of IPS actually changing their policy in that regard. After all articles on Wikipedia are presumed to be objective, so we should show both sides of the medal if possible. Tasja 17:23, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

Thanks for commenting...I'm somewhat new to Wikipedia(long time reader..recent contributor)...I'm glad you mentioned the petition...the petition is here if people want to read it and consider whether we should show the good and the bad of this company..I don't know how that affects NPOV...also about the alternatives for IPS products..should be make a new section for alternatives, or is it not relevant. I would love some more input. Compguy11 06:56, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Ineo and IpbWiki needs removal. Neither are related to IPS. They are modifications / bridges for IPB not officaly supported by IPS (so what if a staff member at IPS / IPSBeyond made it - its not an offical product. End off) therefore, are spamming the thread. The articles on IPS - not other modifications related to one of IPS Products (either officaly or unofficaly). Either way, they gotta go. 194.46.176.4

I went ahead and removed refrences to ipbwiki and ineo. I did leave that ineo was transferred to a different company since there was no real press release or anything stating that, so maybe some people still need to know. If anyone has a real problem with removing ipbwiki/ineo refrences, talk about it here. They are not official IPS products, and so therefore they don't belong here. There are hundreds of unofficial products made for IPB...we either list all of them or none of them. That's the closest you can get to NPOV. Compguy11 07:34, 27 August 2006 (UTC)

 * ok, makes sence, since it's about IPS products, I've removed reference to ineo company, to pertain the NPOV. Tasja 16:48, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

Ineo
Has ineo actually ever been an ips product? Ineo is from a 3rd party vendor called Veriea, I can not remember a release of ineo under IPS's name. Besides the fact that ineo is being used on the ipsbeyond site, there's no connection at all... Do we want to have listed on this page all tools that are being used on official invision site and all it's sisters sites (ipsbeyond,...) or do we want this page to cover products IPS develops? Tasja 13:37, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

 * removed the ineo section as it isn't a product from ips. Tasja 11:54, 25 September 2006 (UTC)

Connect and Converge
I updated information on connect because current information wasn't very helpful to anybody reading the article. I discussed what the purpose of the project is and it's current "unknown" state. Converge was also added to the list by me. Although it is a small project, it is important to some users that this will be available at some point. Any suggestions for these bits are welcome. Compguy11 00:19, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

IP.Nexus/Dynamic merge
Okay sorry this is my first time posting in a discussion page so forgive me if I make a mistake or two.

But anyway the IP.Nexus section of this article is outdated, Invision Power released a video preview of IP.Nexus, which is a business suite that contains products such as the one formerly known as IP.Dynamic.

Link: http://forums.invisionpower.com/index.php?showtopic=237153

I'm no Wikipedia article expert so perhaps it might be best if someone else updates the page, thanks. Akiratheoni 23:45, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Management
People have been editing and adding false employee's to this section. For a full reference of currently employee's you can see:

http://www.invisionpower.com/corporate/management.html

Ryan.Boyle (talk) 16:03, 6 January 2008 (UTC)

Services
The services section needs to be totally re-worked or removed. It sounds like someone threw it together and its sorta like an advertisement.

--Ryan.Boyle (talk) 03:03, 7 January 2008 (UTC)

Services
Removed the sleezyadvertisement

title: Talk:Invision Power Services


text: Talk:Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?


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Displacement (geometry)

In geometry and mechanics, a displacement is a vector whose length is the shortest distance from the initial to the final position of a point P undergoing motion. It quantifies both the distance and direction of the net or total motion along a straight line from the initial position to the final position of the point trajectory. A displacement may be identified with the translation that maps the initial position to the final position. Displacement is the shift in location when an object in motion changes from one position to another.

A displacement may also be described as a relative position (resulting from the motion), that is, as the final position $x_{f}$ of a point relative to its initial position $x_{i}$. The corresponding displacement vector can be defined as the difference between the final and initial positions: $$ s = x_\textrm{f} - x_\textrm{i} = \Delta{x}$$

In considering motions of objects over time, the instantaneous velocity of the object is the rate of change of the displacement as a function of time. The instantaneous speed, then, is distinct from velocity, or the time rate of change of the distance travelled along a specific path. The velocity may be equivalently defined as the time rate of change of the position vector. If one considers a moving initial position, or equivalently a moving origin (e.g. an initial position or origin which is fixed to a train wagon, which in turn moves on its rail track), the velocity of P (e.g. a point representing the position of a passenger walking on the train) may be referred to as a relative velocity; this is opposed to an absolute velocity, which is computed with respect to a point and coordinate axes which are considered to be at rest (a inertial frame of reference such as, for instance, a point fixed on the floor of the train station and the usual vertical and horizontal directions).

For motion over a given interval of time, the displacement divided by the length of the time interval defines the average velocity, which is a vector, and differs thus from the average speed, which is a scalar quantity.

Rigid body
In dealing with the motion of a rigid body, the term displacement may also include the rotations of the body. In this case, the displacement of a particle of the body is called linear displacement (displacement along a line), while the rotation of the body is called angular displacement.

Derivatives
For a position vector $$\mathbf{s}$$ that is a function of time $$t$$, the derivatives can be computed with respect to $$t$$. The first two derivatives are frequently encountered in physics.

 * Velocity
 * $$\mathbf{v} = \frac{d\mathbf{s}}{dt}$$

 * Acceleration
 * $$\mathbf{a} = \frac{d\mathbf{v}}{dt} = \frac{d^2\mathbf{s}}{dt^2}$$

 * Jerk
 * $$\mathbf{j} = \frac{d\mathbf{a}}{dt} = \frac{d^2\mathbf{v}}{dt^2}=\frac{d^3\mathbf{s}}{dt^3}$$

These common names correspond to terminology used in basic kinematics. By extension, the higher order derivatives can be computed in a similar fashion. Study of these higher order derivatives can improve approximations of the original displacement function. Such higher-order terms are required in order to accurately represent the displacement function as a sum of an infinite series, enabling several analytical techniques in engineering and physics. The fourth order derivative is called jounce.

title: Displacement (geometry)


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Talk:Malcolm in the Middle

Annual Rankings
The "Rank" in the table under "Reception" doesn't match up with what is found in, for instance, the articles covering the 1999-2000, 2000-2001, or 2001-2002 TV seasons. Is the "rank" in this article solely among 18-49 viewers? If so, this article should say that.Arnold Rothstein1921 (talk) 17:23, 19 September 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Malcolm in the Middle


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Balbylon

Looks like original research. Google returns very few hits, a couple related to the site listed in the article, the rest misspelings of Babylon. Ianb 19:21, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete. I wish I knew how to say that in other languages. - UtherSRG 19:25, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. -Seth Mahoney 19:42, Jul 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Words werden vermicelli belly Danziger. BCorr | Брайен 20:05, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Original research. Triskaideka 20:21, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: et ego in Arcade Judge Ito gefrunen. Geogre 22:34, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Apparently there's only Russian and Hebrew.  [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk)]] 06:12, Jul 27, 2004 (UTC)


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GM Ecotec engine

The GM Ecotec engine, also known by its codename L850, is a family of all-aluminium inline-four engines, displacing between 1.2 and 2.5 litres. Confusingly, the Ecotec name was also applied to both the Buick V6 Engine when used in Holden Vehicles, as well as the final DOHC derivatives of the previous GM Family II engine; the architecture was substantially re-engineered for this new Ecotec application produced since 2000. This engine family replaced the GM Family II engine, the GM 122 engine, the Saab H engine, and the Quad 4 engine. It is manufactured in multiple locations, to include Spring Hill Manufacturing, in Spring Hill, Tennessee, with engine blocks and cylinder heads cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations in Saginaw, Michigan.

Generation I
The "Ecotec" name was adopted in 1994 for the new generation of Family II engines (2000 in North America). The name was already used for the Opel GM Family II engine, Family 1 and Family 0 ranges. GM intended this new Ecotec to become its global 4-cylinder, and it has already fully replaced their OHV I4 line.

The Ecotec engine is a DOHC 4-valve design with a lost foam cast aluminium block and head (L850 for 86 mm bore applications, and L880 for 88 mm bore), designed for displacements from 1.8 to 2.4 L. Development began in 1994, by an international team of engineers and technicians from Opel's International Technical Development Center in Rüsselsheim, Germany, GM Powertrain in Pontiac, Michigan, and Saab in Södertälje, Sweden. Much of the development work on this project was carried out by Lotus Engineering, Hethel, United Kingdom. The engine uses aluminium pistons and cast iron cylinder liners. Vibration is reduced with twin balance shafts.

The first engine in the Ecotec Gen I line-up was Ecotec 2.2 L61, introduced in May 1999.

The current Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York.

LK9

This engine is also known as B207 when used by Saab and Z20NET by Opel for use in the Vectra C and Signum.

LK9 is a turbocharged 1998 cc version of the L850 (86 mm bore) series Ecotec utilizing an all-new reinforced sand cast aluminium cylinder head and upgraded internal components. The engine features a five-bearing forged steel crankshaft, strengthened connecting rods, redesigned pistons, piston oil cooling jets, reprofiled camshafts and an integrated oil cooler. The exhaust valves are liquid sodium-cooled. All vehicles using this engine feature Saab's Trionic 8 (T8) engine management system as well as a revised valve train. The timing chain and timing gears are also new, along with Saab's Direct Ignition system. The reinforcements, turbocharging, intercooling, internals, dual overhead camshaft, and such were developed by GM Powertrain Sweden (Saab Automobile Powertrain). It features an 86 mm bore and stroke and a 9.5:1 compression ratio. Maximum power is 210 hp at 5300 rpm and 221 lbft of torque at 2500 rpm. Maximum boost is 12.3 psi.

Applications:
 * 2003–2014 Saab 9-3 – B207E, B207L, B207R
 * 2003–2008 Opel Vectra – Z20NET (rebadged B207L)
 * 2003–2008 Opel Signum – Z20NET (rebadged B207L)
 * 2006–2010 Cadillac BLS – B207L, B207R

LSJ

The LSJ is a supercharged version of the LK9 Ecotec 1998 cc with an Eaton M62 Roots-type supercharger and air-to-liquid intercooler. The LSJ shares many of its components with the LK9 such as: piston cooling jets, oil cooler, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, oil pan, sodium-filled exhaust valves and cylinder head. It is rated at 205 hp at 5600 rpm and 200 lbft at 4400 rpm with a compression ratio of 9.5:1 and a 6450 rpm redline. With the end of the Chevy Cobalt S/C SS and Saturn Ion Red Line, the LSJ was discontinued after 2007. In late 2005 Brammo Motorsports struck a deal with GM for the Supercharged 2.0 L Ecotec for their Ariel Atom. The engine came in various ratings from 205 hp to 300 hp.

The LSJ was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2006.

This engine is used in:

L61
The basic Family II architecture was substantially re-engineered in 2000 to become the Ecotec Gen I. Unlike its notably harsh predecessor, the engine was designed for smoothness. Dual in-block balance shafts were integral to the design, the power-steering pump was mounted directly to the cylinder head and driven by the intake camshaft, the water-pump housing was cast into the block, and the A/C compressor and alternator were mounted directly on the block without brackets. The oil filter housing was cast into the block with a removable cover and replaceable paper element. It did not use an EGR valve. The Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York, and Kaiserslautern, Germany, and was also manufactured for Saturn in Spring Hill, Tennessee, until Saturn's discontinuation. In North America, this engine replaced both the Quad-4 and the GM 122 engines and first appeared in the 2000 Saturn L-Series.

The L61 is a 2198 cc version with a lost-foam cast aluminium cylinder head and block; it features an 86 mm bore and 94.6 mm stroke and either a 9.5:1 compression ratio or a 10.0:1. The engine is 665 mm in length, 642 mm in width, 655 mm in height and approximately 139 kg.

The Ecotec 2.2, model L61 first appeared in the 2000 Saturn LS1; the L61-powered Saturn Ion also replaced the Saturn-powered Saturn S-Series.

There are a few variations to the standard L61. The 2003 Saturn L-Series has a high output version with higher (10:1) compression and more aggressive camshaft. The 2004–2008 Chevrolet Malibu uses a version with electronic throttle control and a special unitized exhaust manifold and catalytic converter. The Malibu and Saturn versions also use return-less fuel injection. The 2002 Saturn VUE was the first North American variant of the L61 to be equipped with electronic throttle control, whereas other applications did not arise until 2005 in the Saturn ION and Chevrolet Cobalt. For 2007, introduced an updated version of the L61 based on the Gen II design.

The supercharger and inlet manifold from the 2.0 Ecotec LSJ engine can be purchased as an official kit from GM and along with modified software in the ECM, can create a 2.2 supercharged version of this engine.

The L61 was used in the following cars:

This engine also powered the Japanese-market Subaru Traviq, a badge-engineered Opel Zafira A.

Following the GM–Fiat agreement, the 2.2 L engine is also used in:
 * Fiat Croma unmodified
 * Alfa Romeo 159 heavy modified with Gasoline direct injection

Z22YH
A direct injection version of the 2198 cc Ecotec features 114 kW of power at 5600 rpm and 220 Nm of torque at 3800 rpm with a compression ratio of 12.0:1, and has been available in:
 * 2003 Opel/Vauxhall Vectra
 * 2003 Opel/Vauxhall Signum
 * 2005 Opel/Vauxhall Zafira
 * 2006–2009 Holden Astra (Australia and New Zealand only)

L42
The Ecotec 2.2, model L42 is a version of the Ecotec 2.2 designed to run on compressed natural gas (CNG). It delivers 129 hp and 129 lbft. It is used in the 2003–2004 Chevrolet Cavalier.

2.0 LNF (Z20NHH Opel)
A turbocharged direct-injected (redubbed Spark Ignition Direct Injection) Ecotec was introduced in the 2007 Pontiac Solstice GXP and Saturn Sky Red Line. In these applications, the engine is mounted longitudinally. Displacement is 1998 cc with a square 86 mm bore and stroke. Compression is 9.2:1 and maximum boost is 1.4 bar, delivering 260 hp at 5300 rpm and 260 lbft of torque from 2500 to 5250 rpm. Engine redline is at 6300 rpm and premium fuel is recommended. The sodium filled exhaust valves were based on technology developed for the Corvette V8 powertrains. The sodium fuses and becomes a liquid at idle, which improves thermal conductivity and draws heat away from the valve face and valve guide towards the stem to be cooled by the engine oil circulating in this area. The camshaft-driven direct injection systems pressurizes the fuel to 31 bar at idle, and up to 155 bar at wide-open throttle. The "Gen II" block is similar to the 2.4 L and also features VVT technology. The Gen II block was developed using data from racing programs and computer simulations. The bore walls and bulkheads were strengthened with a weight increase of 2.5 lb. The coolant jackets were expanded to improve heat transfer, resulting in a coolant capacity increase of 0.5 liters.

In December 2008, GM released a Turbo Upgrade Kit for the LNF engine which increases horsepower to 290 hp and torque to up to 340 lbft, depending on the model. The kit retailed for $650 and includes remapped engine calibration and upgraded 3 MAP sensors. The kit is covered by the cars' existing GM warranties. Boost pressure was increased from 18psi (1.24 bar) to 21psi (1.44 bar).

Unique LNF features include:
 * a twin-scroll turbocharger
 * cam-driven high-pressure gasoline direct injection fuel system
 * dual-camshaft continuously variable valve timing
 * sodium-filled stainless steel Inconel exhaust valves
 * low-friction cast aluminium pistons with oil squirters
 * forged steel crankshaft
 * forged steel connecting rods
 * cast stainless steel exhaust manifold
 * foam-cast Gen2 block
 * Bosch injectors (0 261 500 055) or slightly larger (0 261 500 089) injectors in 2010 models

This engine is used in:

2.0 LDK (A20NHT Opel)
An updated variant of the LNF (also with 9.2:1 compression ratio) was released in 2008, meeting the Euro 5 emission standard. This engine is also known as A20NHT by GM Powertrain Europe.

Unique LDK features include:
 * a twin-scroll turbocharger
 * cam-driven high-pressure gasoline direct injection fuel system
 * dual camshaft continuously variable valve timing
 * sodium-filled stainless steel Inconel exhaust valves
 * low-friction cast aluminium pistons with oil squirters
 * forged steel crankshaft
 * cast stainless steel exhaust manifold
 * foam-cast Gen2 block
 * Bosch injectors (0 261 500 055)

This engine is used in:

LHU (A20NFT Opel)
LHU adds E85 flex-fuel capability to the LDK. This engine is also known as A20NFT by GM Powertrain Europe. Maximum engine speed is listed at 6350 rpm.

Unique LHU features include:
 * a twin-scroll turbocharger
 * cam-driven high-pressure gasoline direct injection fuel system
 * dual camshaft continuously variable valve timing
 * sodium-filled stainless steel Inconel exhaust valves
 * low-friction cast aluminium pistons with oil squirters
 * forged steel crankshafts
 * cast stainless steel exhaust manifold
 * sand-cast Gen3 block
 * Larger Bosch injectors (0 261 500 112) with ethanol-safe seals for flex-fuel compatibility

Note: The A20NFT engine in Opel Astra K TCR car had swapped the original direct fuel injection into multi-point fuel injection.

L61
In 2007, the L61 received a multitude of changes, that originated from the LE5. It switched to the higher-strength Gen II block and received a revised cylinder head (enlarged exhaust ports) and camshaft design (increased exhaust valve duration). The engine also switched from wasted spark ignition to individual coil-on-plug ignition; this forced the cam cover to be redesigned. It was also switched to an E37 engine controller with new crank and cam sensors (replacing timing sensor previously found in ignition cassette). These changes increase horsepower slightly and allow the engine to meet PZEV standards. Compression ratio is 10.0:1.

The L61 was used in the following cars:

LAP
The LAP is a 2198 cc version of the Ecotec, based on the Gen II block with cylinder head improvements, new camshaft design, E37 engine control module, 58X crankshaft reluctor ring, dual variable valve timing, digital crank and cam sensors, individual coil-on-plug ignition, vented starter solenoid, new MAP sensor, new intake manifold seals, new oil filter element, a 32-bit computer, and improved emissions performance.

Bore and stroke are 86 mm and 94.6 mm, the same as the 2.2 L L61. Compression ratio is 10.0:1. Major features that set it apart from the 2.2 L L61 are variable-valve-timing and other cylinder head improvements from the 2.4 L LE5.

LE8
The LE8 is an E85-compatible 2198 cc version of the LAP Ecotec. Bore and stroke remain the same 86 mm and 94.6 mm. Compression ratio is 10.0:1 and the engine can run on both regular unleaded gasoline or E85.

LE5
The LE5 is a larger 2384 cc version of the Ecotec. Both the 88 mm bore and 98 mm stroke are larger, and Variable Valve Timing on the intake and exhaust improve low-end torque. Compression is 10.4:1. Power is 164–177 hp (123–132 kW) and torque is 159–170 lb·ft (215–230 N·m). The engine uses a reinforced "Gen II" block. Connecting rods are GKN-forged; C70 powdered metal was used from July 2007 on.

The LE5 is also used in the following overseas models:
 * 2006 GM Taiwan Buick LaCrosse
 * 2006 Shanghai GM Buick LaCrosse
 * Buick GL8

The LE5 or a close variant is also used in the Polaris Slingshot (announced July 27, 2014), coupled with a 5-speed manual transmission and a final belt drive. The Slingshot is a three-wheeled side-by-side street vehicle, classed as a motorcycle.

LAT
The LAT is the designation used for the 2.4 L LE5 when used in GM's BAS mild-hybrid vehicles.

LE9
The LE9 is an E85-compatible version of the 2384 cc LE5 Ecotec. Bore and stroke are 88 mm and 98 mm and has a compression ratio of 10.4:1, the same as the LE5.

LAF
The LAF is a direct injected 2.4 L. It uses technology based on GM's other four-cylinder direct-injection applications, but with unique features designed for its specific application. This includes an 11.2:1 compression ratio that helps build power, slightly dished pistons that increase combustion efficiency and injectors with an application-specific flow rate.

LEA
The LEA is an E85 compatible variant of the LAF. Bore, stroke, and compression ratio all remain the same. Maximum engine speed is listed at 7000 rpm.

LUK
The LUK is similar to the LAF, but adds the eAssist mild-hybrid system. Maximum engine speed is listed at 7000 rpm.

LTG
A 1998 cc turbocharged direct-injection version of the Gen III Ecotec was available in the 2013 Cadillac ATS and Chevrolet Malibu. This engine is also available in the Cadillac XTS and Cadillac XT5 for the Chinese market. Bore and stroke are both 86.0 mm, and compression is 9.5:1. The engine uses a twin-scroll turbocharger with electronically-controlled wastegate/bypass valve, air-to-air intercooler, stainless-steel dual-scroll (1–4, 2–3) exhaust manifold designed to withstand 980 C turbine temperature, and a rotacast aluminium-alloy (A356T6) cylinder head with sodium-filled exhaust valves. Maximum engine speed is listed at 7000 rpm.

LSY
A successor to the LTG debuted in the 2019 Cadillac XT4 and the 2019 Cadillac CT6. The LSY adds Active Fuel Management and a start-stop system, putting more priority to fuel economy than performance. Peak output is lower than the LTG, but is achieved at lower rpm for both power and torque. Bore is 83.0 mm and stroke is 92.3 mm. This engine is used in some GM vehicles in the U.S and as the standard engine option in China.

LCV
First appearing in the 2013 Chevrolet Malibu and 2013 Cadillac ATS, the 2.5 L Gen III block has been reworked to reduce engine noise and vibrations, while improving fuel economy and low-end torque. LCV is scheduled to replace the direct-injected 2.4 L throughout North American GM products within a year. Engine production started in April 2012 at GM's Tonawanda Engine plant.

The new combustion system developed with GM's proprietary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis software features a higher compression ratio which helps improve fuel efficiency and has improved knock resistance. The engine features dual overhead camshafts with continuously variable valve timing and increased-authority cam phasing (increased phase rotation angle), a high-pressure returnless direct-injection fuel system with camshaft-driven fuel pump delivering 750 psi at idle and 2250 psi at full load, higher-flowing intake and exhaust ports in the cylinder head, electronic throttle control and pistons with jet-spray oil cooling. The engine redline is 7000 rpm.

The balance shafts are relocated from the cylinder block to oil pan module. The two-piece steel-aluminium oil pan features in-pan integrated oil-pump assembly driven by the balance shaft with a shorter inverted-tooth chain. Other improvements include inverted-tooth chain driving the camshaft, forged steel crankshaft, cast aluminium bedplate with main bearing cap inserts made of iron, high-pressure fuel rail with rubber-isolated assembly, acoustically shielded plastic cover for the intake manifold, and structurally enhanced aluminium camshaft cover and front cover. These improvements helped reduce noise intensity by 40% compared to the 2.4 L engine and change the noise signature into a higher frequency above 2,000 Hz. The engine also uses a variable-displacement oil pump and an actively controlled thermostat. Direct injection reduces emissions by 25%, while continuous cam phasing eliminates the need for an EGR system. Maximum engine speed is listed at 7000 rpm.

Displacement for the 2.5 L engine is 2,457 cc with an 88.0 mm bore and 100.8 mm stroke. Compression ratio is 11.3:1.

LKW
Same as the LCV but features Intake Valve Lift Control (IVLC) system provides two-stage variable valve lift in addition to continuous variable timing. Continuously commanded by the engine control unit, the valve rocker arm switches between high-lift and low-lift profiles on the camshaft, actuated by an oil control valve through a two-feed stationary hydraulic lash adjuster, allowing for either 4.0 or 10.5 mm lift. It also features a start-stop system. Maximum engine speed is listed at 7000 rpm.

HCCI
At Tech Show Torino 2008, GM Powertrain Europe announced the ignition-less HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) mode of the direct injection version of 2.2 L engine. The HCCI version is equipped with two-step adjustable valve lift with variable cam phasing and advanced ECU with cylinder pressure sensors, uses a lean-burn cycle similar to that of a diesel engine, and is claimed to further reduce fuel consumption by 15%.

title: GM Ecotec engine


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Midland Hotel, Manchester

The Midland Hotel is a grand hotel in Manchester, England. Opened in 1903, it was built by the Midland Railway to serve Manchester Central railway station, its northern terminus for its rail services to London St Pancras. It faces onto St Peter's Square. The hotel was designed by Charles Trubshaw in Edwardian Baroque style and is a Grade II* listed building.

History
Built at the junction of Peter Street and Lower Mosley Street opposite Manchester Central railway station, terminus for Midland Railway express trains to London St Pancras, the hotel was designed by Charles Trubshaw and constructed between 1898 and 1903 for the Midland Railway Company at a cost of more than £1 million. In 1908, The Railway News reported that the hotel had over 70,000 guests in its first year and described it as a "twentieth century palace". The hotel had a 1,000-seat purpose-built theatre where opera, drama and early Annie Horniman performances were staged, and a roof terrace where a string quartet performed.

The Midland Hotel was allegedly coveted by Adolf Hitler, who maintained a keen interest in architecture, as a possible Nazi headquarters in Britain. American intelligence speculated that the area of Manchester around the town hall was spared from bombing during the Second World War so as not to damage or destroy the Midland Hotel.

Charles Rolls met Henry Royce in the Midland Hotel, leading to the formation of Rolls-Royce Limited in 1904. The Queen Mother dined in the hotel's Trafford Restaurant in November 1959 after attending a Royal Variety Performance at the Palace Theatre. The Beatles were famously refused access to the French Restaurant for being "inappropriately dressed".

Once known as the Crowne Plaza Manchester – The Midland, it was bought by the Paramount Hotel Group (now the Hotel Collection) in 2004. It was upgraded in a £12 million renovation and was transferred to QHotels, formerly Quintessential Hotels, Paramount's sister company.

The hotel was sold in 2018 to a partnership of the Swedish firm Pandox and the Israeli firm Fattal Hotels. The new owners undertook a £14 million renovation. , the Midland Hotel was operated by the Fattal Jurys Operation as a Leonardo Royal Hotel.

Architecture
The Midland has a steel structure clad in red brick, brown terracotta and several varieties of polished granite and Burmantofts terracotta to withstand the polluted environment of Manchester. This includes some fine modelled panels by the sculptor Edward Caldwell Spruce. The building shares some similarity with other highly decorative Edwardian Baroque buildings in Manchester such as London Road Fire Station and Lancaster House. The building has been designated a Grade II* listed building by English Heritage. The building was voted Greater Manchester's second-favourite building by readers of the Manchester Evening News in 2012.

Hotel
The hotel is close to Manchester Central exhibition and conference centre on the site of the former railway station, the Bridgewater Hall and Manchester Central Library. The hotel has 312 en-suite bedrooms and 14 suites, a health club and two restaurants – Adam Reid at The French and Mount Street Dining Room & Bar.

Restaurants
The French, once described by The Good Food Guide as "Manchester's finest dining room", was one of Britain's first Michelin-starred restaurants – awarded in 1974 in the first guide. It re-opened in March 2013 and chef Simon Rogan who stated his desire was to re-establish it to its former opulence and was rated the 12th best restaurant nationally in its first year of opening and awarded the best New Entry award by The Good Food Guide. The French was awarded three Rosettes – the maximum permitted in the first year of opening.

The Colony was named after the cotton traders who sold raw cotton to mill owners and referred to themselves as the Old Colony Club. It closed for refurbishment in 2013 and re-opened in the September as Mr. Cooper's House & Garden in tribute to Thomas Cooper, whose house and gardens occupied the hotel site in 1819. The family were coach-makers and their garden was famous for its strawberries, gooseberries, apples and flowers.

Following a complete makeover, the restaurant is now called Mount Street Dining Room & Bar.

title: Midland Hotel, Manchester