text:
The Music Factory

The Music Factory (TMF) was an originally Dutch brand of television and radio channels operated focusing on pop music. It was similar to the American MTV which took over TMF in 2002.

TMF operated channels in the Netherlands (TMF Nederland) as well as in the UK with TMF UK and Australia with (TMF Australia). The brand is owned by MTV Networks International (part of the Viacom conglomerate). It shows only pop videos and locally produced live programming in Belgium. Likewise, with TMF Netherlands before its closure, the British TMF aired some of MTV's and VH1's programmes like Cribs, Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica, Hogan Knows Best and Run's House.

The channel operated until 26 October 2009 in the UK and Ireland, 1 September 2011 in the Netherlands and 1 November 2015 in Belgium. Viacom International Media Networks, the international arm of Viacom, owns the brand.

TMF Nederland

TMF Nederland was launched on 1 May 1995 as the only local pop station in the Netherlands. It was founded by Lex Harding and the Arcade company. The station gradually began to get better viewer figures than MTV, so in 2002, MTV bought shares in TMF. Since 1996 headquartered in Bussum, the channel was notable for its dance music mixes. In 2005, three new channels, plus a radio station began broadcasting in the Netherlands under the TMF brand:

 * TMF Dance - specialised in German, British, French, Belgian and Dutch trance and house music. Formerly known as "TMF Party".
 * TMF NL - specialised in local Dutch music.
 * TMF Pure - specialised in Soul, and R&B music.
 * TMF Hit Radio - Launched on 27 December 2006 and later dropped the TMF branding which soon after became 'Hit Radio'

On 1 September 2011, TMF Nederland ceased broadcasting in the Netherlands entirely, and on 31 December 2011 all digital channels ceased operations.

TMF Flanders
TMF Flanders (TMF Vlaanderen) was the first international extension of the TMF brand, broadcast to viewers in the Belgian region of Flanders. TMF Flanders first day on air was October 3, 1998. TMF Flanders was the first Flemish-specific channel that was dedicated to video clip broadcast. VJs at the beginning included Stijn Smets, Yasmine, Inge Moerenhout and Katja Retsin. In the early few years, the broadcasts of TMF Flanders were conducted from the same Dutch studio facility that operated TMF Netherlands.

Until 2010 its broadcast were entirely in Dutch with local Flemish presenters. From the start, TMF Flanders is being distributed via cable-TV (analog and/or digital) and IPTV. Founded in 1998, its headquarters were in Mechelen but moved to Lint and later (after the re-alignment of VIMN Northern Europe) to Antwerp (local office) and Stockholm (channel operations). It is the sole TMF channel that is currently still in operation, but it has dropped all its presented programs in 2012. Since 2014 Comedy Central airs on its channel after 10pm. On November 1, 2015 TMF Vlaanderen ceased broadcasting. The channel was replaced by Comedy Central Vlaanderen, ending the TMF-era. In 2007, a second channel was launched and began broadcasting under the TMF brand:

 * TMF Live HD - specialised in live music.

On 31 July 2010, TMF Live HD ceased operations.

On 1 November 2015, TMF Flanders ceased broadcasting in Belgium entirely, making Comedy Central a 24 hours channel.

TMF UK & Ireland

TMF launched on 30 October 2002 as a counter against EMAP's The Hits request music channel on Freeview. The channel was also available on Sky Digital and Virgin Media. The channel, alongside its music output, showed reruns of successful MTV and VH1 shows such as Pimp My Ride, Jackass and Cribs. There was also a Noggin strand in the morning for pre-school children.

On Mondays, TMF used to broadcast The Official UK Top 40 narrated by Phil Clifton, a day after it was broadcast on BBC Radio 1. The show featured videos of the singles of the previous week and charts their position in terms of record sales. On 26 October 2009, TMF UK & Ireland was replaced with the UK version of VIVA.

TMF Australia
MTV Networks Australia launched a local version of TMF as a fully integrated, multi-platform 24-hour music channel in May 2007. TMF focused on the interactive playground and along with a selection of music video clips including programming and viewer-generated content including images, videos, text-based applications and graphics. Furthering the connectivity between the platforms, TMF was the first music channel in Australia to seamlessly connect all platforms as well as simulcast to mobile 24 a day via the Optus Zoo mobile portal launched in September 2007.

However, in November 2010, TMF Australia was replaced with an Australian version of MTV Hits.

TMF Awards
The channel organized an annual music award show, the TMF Awards, in the Netherlands and Belgium. In addition, there were the TMF Game Awards, an annual awards show for games.

title: The Music Factory


text: User talk:69.72.36.249

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:69.72.36.249


text:
Masquerade (trope)

A masquerade is a trope found in speculative fiction, in which a group of supernatural or otherwise extraordinary people hide their existence from the mainstream society in the given setting. The term was first coined by Robert A. Heinlein's Methuselah's Children in 1958. Those hidden groups may form a wainscot society, wherein they live adjacent to mainstream society in a covert manner, but overall remain their own distinct entity with their own culture.

In a fantasy context, it means that magic is hidden, whether in secret locations, such as Diagon Alley in Harry Potter, or by magical forces, such as the Mist in Percy Jackson, or a glamour placed on individuals.

That is typically done to avoid some type of mass panic that would result in the destruction of the magical world by far more numerous normal people fearing the unknown. Masquerade societies may seek to hide this information from outsiders, or they may be disbelieved due to ignorance, conspiracies, or consensus reality. In works of fantasy with horror aspects, such as H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos, the Buffyverse, or White Wolf Games' World of Darkness setting, the majority's ignorance of the fantastical elements of their world will be portrayed as being to their own benefit.

The trope is used not only in fantasy but also in science fiction and superhero stories. A common device to keep hidden events from the masses in science fiction is the existence of aliens, such as in the Men in Black series. The secret identities of superheroes are also a type of masquerade, and the only superheroes that show their true identity are ones who can keep their family safe or have nothing to protect.

The masquerade trope assists writers by adding additional tension to the story, as well as helping the story appear plausible. It also saves the author from needing to write an alternate history in order to explain the existence of magic.

Examples

 * Masquerade society from Vampire: The Masquerade
 * Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling
 * The Borrowers by Mary Norton
 * Neverwhere by Neil Gaiman (Gaiman's works often make use of "wainscotting")
 * Little, Big by John Crowley
 * Most of the work of Tim Powers
 * The Highlander series
 * The Dresden Files by Jim Butcher
 * Percy Jackson and the Olympians series by Rick Riordan
 * The Littles by John Peterson
 * Skulduggery Pleasant by Derek Landy
 * The Magicians by Lev Grossman
 * That Hideous Strength by C.S. Lewis
 * The Underland Chronicles by Suzanne Collins

title: Masquerade (trope)


text: User talk:206.127.79.51

title: User talk:206.127.79.51


text:
Talk:Chaleur Bay

Untitled
The Geographical Names Board of Canada gives "Chaleur Bay" as the official English name and "Baie des Chaleurs" as the official French name. Since this was the English version of Wikipedia, I thought it might make more sense to use the former, same for the Restigouche & Patapedia Rivers. Note that Rivière Matapédia etc. which are wholly within Quebec only have official names in French. Cheers, Plasma east 02:01, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * The opinion of the Canadian government names board is not the issue here, if it were, Canada's own public broadcasting corporation would demonstrate that, they don't. Wikipedia's policy on place names is to use the name which is most used by serious sources: Wikipedia's naming conventions or Wikibooks naming policy. In this case let's compare the three possible names for the bay as used by Canada wide media. The following results are obtained on enlish language Google:

So I'm redirecting, and correcting all links--Tallard 08:30, 5 November 2007 (UTC)

 * "Nail in the coffin?" Doesn't sound like a very encyclopedic approach to the question.

 * Let's look at Wikipedia's actual policies:

 * Naming Conventions (Use English) "Use the most commonly used English version of the name of the subject as the title of the article, as you would find it in verifiable reliable sources (for example other encyclopedias and reference works). This makes it easy to find, and easy to compare information with other sources. Often this will be the local version, as with Madrid. Sometimes the usual English version will differ somewhat from the local form (Aragon, Venice, Normandy; Franz Josef Strauss, Victor Emmanuel III, Christopher Columbus); rarely, as with Germany or Mount Everest, it will be completely different."

 * Divided Usage "Sometimes, English usage is divided. For example, US newspapers generally referred to the Olympics in Torino, following official handouts. However, newspapers in other parts of the English speaking world still use Turin. Use what would be the least surprising to a user finding the article. Whichever is chosen, one should place a redirect at the other title and mention both forms in the lead.
 * Google hits are an unreliable test, but can suggest that no single term is predominant in English. If several competing versions of a name have roughly equal numbers (say 1803 for one variant and 1030 for another), there may well be divided usage. When in doubt, search results should also be evaluated with more weighting given to verifiable reliable sources than to less reliable sources (such as comments in forums, mailing lists and the like). Do consult reliable works of general reference in English."

 * The numbers you have found, Tallard, don't on their own support your conclusion that 'Baie des Chaleurs' is used so commonly by English speakers as to displace anglicized alternatives. Your numbers indicate that 'Baie des Chaleurs' is a hit more than 50% of the time.

 * My search of the English language CBC website itself (not Google hits) shows 75 hits on CBC English for 'Baie des Chaleurs' and 309 for Chaleur Bay. My assumption is that refers to individual articles.  I acknowledge that CBC usage, on its own, is not enough, any more than Globe & Mail usage, on its own, would be enough to indicate anything definitive.  But we do seem to have an indication of divided usage.

 * When I look to results using "Canadian Press" (in quotations) + Baie des Chaleurs I come up with 207 hits, of which a not insignificant number actually relate to articles or materials written in French, or articles containing references to the Baie des Chaleurs in French texts. It's not appropriate to count French language references to "Baie des Chaleurs" as a way of determining usage of the term by the English media or English speakers.  "Canadian Press" in quotations with "Chaleur Bay" gave me 174 hits, and "Canadian Press" + Bay of Chaleur gave me 410 results.

 * I think, when examined fairly, that internet hits indicate a divided usage. Official national usage (Geographical Names Board of Canada) and provincial usage (New Brunswick government website) indicate Chaleur Bay, and local government/authority usage (Bathurst, Dalhousie, Port of Dalhousie websites) also suggest some English variant, although divided among the individual possibilities.  Both the online Canadian Encyclopedia and Encyclopedia Britannica use 'Chaleur Bay' as the title of their articles.

 * The article also seems to have been pretty stable for a long time (from July 2004 if I interpreted the history correctly) with an English name (either Chaleur Bay or Bay of Chaleur) until changed in Nov. 2007.

 * So, given the divided usage in English, English Wikipedia's general policy to prefer English names (which makes sense on English Wikipedia), and the fact that there are government and general reference works supporting 'Chaleur Bay', it seems that the appropriate name for the article at this time is 'Chaleur Bay', with a discussion of the common use of the term 'Baie des Chaleurs' even by anglophones as well as the other variants. English usage may change in future to clearly and demonstrably prefer 'Baie des Chaleurs', in which case it would be appropriate to consider changing the title.  'Baie des Chaleurs' reflects my own preference as it sounds better to my ear than the hybrid 'Chaleur Bay', and I have a good English language atlas that uses 'Baie des Chaleurs', but personal preferences need to defer to Wikipedia policy.  Finally, if the local anglophone community in northeastern New Brunswick uses some variant of 'Chaleur Bay', I think that needs to be considered and respected where consistent with general Wikipedia naming policy.  'Chaleur Bay' or 'Bay of Chaleur' is their home.Corlyon (talk) 18:36, 11 April 2009 (UTC)

 * Corlyon your arguments fail in three respects: 1, Wiki policy of least surprise makes a Google hits search entirely more relevant than smaller samplings from individual websites (100s vs 1000s, 2, you're asking for respect for New-Brunswickers, while totally denying anglophones in Québec who use Baie des Chaleurs, 3, official Canadian usage is the original language of the name. I am reverting back to previous. The position you are pushing is a minority position (nearly a 2x) ratio, that may be divided, but it is certainly leaning heavily to one side. In providing hits you must widen your expectations of reader hits, not reduce it to one or two sources. GENERAL USE, LEAST SURPRISE.--Tallard (talk) 19:18, 12 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Tallard, I reviewed your Google hit results and presented my findings at the Talk Page for "Baie des Chaleurs". As I state there, I cannot reproduce your numbers, and mine show higher results for either "Bay of Chaleur" and "Bay Chaleur", than for "Baie des Chaleurs" so your original argument to justify the move to "Baie des Chaleurs" is flimsy.  I ran searches using the terms "CBC", "Canadian Broadcasting Corporation", "Globe and Mail", "CTV" and "Canadian Press" and the totals came out higher for 2 English variants.  I don't follow your other points.  You have not referred to any sources to support a distinct Anglo-Quebecer local usage perspective.  I don't follow your point that "official Canadian usage is the original language of the name"  Do you have a Wikipedia source for that consistent with Wikipedia policies on sources that I could refer to. I  think the title 'Chaleur Bay' is the appropriate one at this time, for a variety of reasons consistent with http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(use_English).  If "Bay of Chaleur" or "Bay Chaleur" are used as or more frequently than "Baie des Chaleurs", someone is going to be surprised by the name of the article, no matter what. Corlyon (talk) 16:30, 25 April 2010 (UTC)

 * Here are the results that I came up with on Google hits (which are not determinative of anything in my mind other than that 1) there is truly a situation here of divided usage between the name in French and 2) several English variants are used as commonly as 'Baie des Chaleurs':

Corlyon (talk) 16:50, 25 April 2010 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Chaleur Bay. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20040928175246/http://www.qc.ec.gc.ca:80/meteo/secrets_stlaurent/gaspesie_baiedeschaleurs_e.htm to http://www.qc.ec.gc.ca/Meteo/secrets_stlaurent/gaspesie_baiedeschaleurs_e.htm

When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the checked parameter below to true to let others know.

Cheers. —cyberbot II  Talk to my owner :Online 07:57, 4 September 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on Chaleur Bay. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120206024552/http://www.readbookonline.net/readOnLine/1195/ to http://www.readbookonline.net/readOnLine/1195/
 * Added tag to http://www.navy.forces.gc.ca/navres/10/10-n_eng.asp?category=183&title=1587

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 14:04, 2 August 2017 (UTC)

Article name
According to WP:EN: "The title of an article should generally use the version of the name of the subject which is most common in the English language". So I was surprised at the title of this article since I don't recall hearing an anglophone New Brunswicker use anything other than Baie des Chaleurs. It's not like it's difficult to pronounce. Let's look at the numbers:

The above are Google searches of the format "Baie des chaleurs" site:telegraphjournal.com were done 5 Oct. 2017. --Cornellier (talk) 14:20, 5 October 2017 (UTC)

 * I propose a name change. Thoughts? I can be WP:BOLD and do it. --Cornellier (talk) 22:51, 15 February 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:09, 4 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Mers123.jpg

The entrance of Chaleur Bay
The entrance of Chaleur Bay was delimited by a virtual line from Pointe au Maquereau on the Gaspe Coast to the Ile of Miscou Lighouse around 1840 (see Thomas Pye's Canadian Scenery 1866 p.9 ). 24.201.178.10 (talk) 14:30, 20 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chaleur Bay


text:
John Harkes

John Andrew Harkes (born March 8, 1967) is an American soccer coach and former professional player who last coached Greenville Triumph SC.

A member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame, Harkes was the first American to play in the English Premier League with Sheffield Wednesday, the second American to score at Wembley, and the first American soccer player to appear in the final of a major English tournament, in the 1991 Football League Cup Final with Sheffield Wednesday. After moving to Major League Soccer in 1996, he won two MLS Cup titles with D.C. United.

A mainstay in the U.S. national team midfield for most of the 1990s, Harkes appeared in two FIFA World Cup tournaments. He was named the team's "Captain for Life" by then-head coach Steve Sampson before having that title stripped ahead of the 1998 World Cup. Harkes ended his national team career with 90 caps and six goals.

Following his retirement, he served as a color commentator for ESPN's coverage of MLS and U.S. international matches, including the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

High school
Harkes grew up in the soccer hotbed of Kearny, New Jersey, and played youth and high school soccer with future national team teammates Tony Meola and Tab Ramos.

Harkes graduated from Kearny High School in 1985. During his high school career, Harkes played in four New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association championship matches and led his team to the 1984 Group 4 State Championship and a 24–0 record. He was the 1984 Parade High School Player of the Year.

In 1999, he was named by The Star-Ledger as one of the top ten New Jersey high school soccer players of the 1980s.

College
Harkes played for University of Virginia where he was named 1st team All-American in 1986 and 1987, and was the Hermann Award winner in 1987, as the best player in US colleges.

England: 1990–1996
Harkes moved to Sheffield Wednesday of the English Football League in 1990. In a game that season against Derby County, his 35-yard blast glided into the net past former England World Cup goalkeeper Peter Shilton and earned him English football's "Goal of the Season" award. That season, Harkes became the third American (after Bill Regan for Romford in the 1948–49 FA Amateur Cup final and Mike Masters for Colchester United in the 1991-92 FA Trophy final) to play at Wembley when Sheffield Wednesday reached the 1991 League Cup final. There, the Second Division (now Football League Championship) Wednesday upset the First Division (now Premier League) side Manchester United 1–0. Also that year, Wednesday won promotion to the First Division.

In 1993, Harkes became the only American to score in a League Cup Final, in a 2–1 loss to Arsenal. His goal was the second by an American at Wembley Stadium following Mike Masters' goal for Colchester United in the F.A. Trophy Final the year before. He appeared in the FA Cup Final one month after that League Cup disappointment, with Sheffield Wednesday again losing to Arsenal (2–1 in the replay, after a 1–1 draw in the first game). Harkes played one more season in England after moving to Derby County in the summer of 1993. In 1995, Major League Soccer (MLS) began preparing for its first season, which it first thought would come in the fall of 1995. As part of that process, MLS signed prominent U.S. players to league contracts. Harkes was one of the players who signed with MLS, only to discover the league would not begin play until 1996. Therefore, he, and MLS, negotiated a one-year loan to West Ham United.

Major League Soccer: 1996–2003
In 1996, Harkes, along with his U.S. national teammates based overseas, returned to the U.S. for the launch of Major League Soccer. MLS had signed numerous prominent U.S. players and eventually allocated them throughout the league's teams in order to create an initial equitable distribution of talent. MLS allocated Harkes to D.C. United, making him the team's first player ever. That first season, he led the club to a MLS Cup win and a U.S. Open Cup title. D.C. United successfully defended its MLS Cup title in 1997, with Harkes assisting on the match-winning goal in the cup final.

Despite the disappointment of being left off the 1998 World Cup squad, Harkes helped United capture the Supporters Shield for the best regular season record in the league, before losing in the MLS Cup Final to the Chicago Fire. He also helped United become the first MLS club to win the CONCACAF Champions' Cup and upset Brazil's Vasco Da Gama in the Interamerican Cup.

At the end of the 1998 season, he traveled back to England for a two-week trial with Nottingham Forest. On January 28, 1999, the team accepted Harkes for a two-month loan period. He played only three games for Forest (including the infamous 8–1 defeat to Manchester United) before returning to the U.S. While he was in England, D.C. United traded him to the New England Revolution for the Revs first and second round 1999 MLS College Draft picks. United traded Harkes in order to make room under the salary cap.

Harkes played three seasons in New England before being traded to the Columbus Crew in the mid-season of 2001. After an injury-plagued 2002 season, Harkes announced his retirement in 2003.

International career
John Harkes played in the 1990 and 1994 FIFA World Cup Harkes made his national team debut on March 23, 1987, against Canada. He was on the U.S. team at the 1987 Pan American Games. He quickly established himself as a national team regular and was selected for the 1988 Olympics. That year the U.S. went 1–1–1 and failed to qualify for the second round. Harkes continued to play for the national team as it went through the qualification process for the upcoming World Cup. The team qualified for those games after an improbable 1–0 road victory over Trinidad and Tobago in the final qualification match.

In 1990, he was a member of a World Cup squad made up mostly of college and semi-professional players. The United States side was routed 1–5 by Czechoslovakia, but were respectable losing 0–1 to host nation and eventual semi-finalist Italy, and 1–2 to Austria. Despite losing all three matches, many players from the 1990 squad, including Harkes, Ramos, Meola, Marcelo Balboa formed the core of the U.S. national team for most of the decade and played an important role in the development of MLS.

U.S. fared better as the host nation in the 1994 World Cup, upsetting Colombia 2–1 in a group stage match to advance to the Round of 16. Harkes contributed to the Andrés Escobar own goal which arguably led to the Colombian defender's shooting death weeks later. Harkes delivered a cross from the left aimed at Earnie Stewart, which Escobar attempted to clear, but instead sent the ball past his goalkeeper.

However, Harkes missed the Round of 16 match against Brazil after receiving his second yellow card of the group stage against Romania, earning a one-match suspension. Brazil won the match 1–0 and went on to win the World Cup.

In Copa América 1995, Harkes led the United States, a guest team at the tournament, to a 3–0 upset of defending champion Argentina and a semi-final finish. He was named co-Most Valuable Player of the tournament, along with Uruguayan Enzo Francescoli.

1998 World Cup controversy
In 1996, before the beginning of the qualifying for the 1998 World Cup, head coach Steve Sampson named Harkes "Captain For Life", which meant Harkes would be the captain of the national team as long as he wished and Sampson was the coach. He responded by leading the team in assists in qualifying and helped the United States qualify for a third straight World Cup finals appearance.

However, Sampson controversially left Harkes off the World Cup squad, citing "leadership issues", although the decision was never fully explained at the time. The bitterness resulting from the omission and the irony of the "Captain for Life" title would serve as the inspiration for his autobiography, Captain for Life: And Other Temporary Assignments (ISBN 1-886947-49-X), co-written with Denise Kiernan and published in 1999. In the book, Harkes criticized Sampson for lacking "credibility to a group of guys who had hundreds and hundreds of caps among them" and "putting a huge amount of pressure on young, internationally inexperienced players", and concluded, "I can't think of one thing that Steve did right in the months leading up to the World Cup". The 1998 team lost all three games in the group stage, finishing last overall.

In February 2010 Sampson and former teammate Eric Wynalda revealed that an alleged affair between Harkes and Wynalda's wife, Amy, had prompted Harkes' sudden dismissal. Sampson confirmed Wynalda's claim in a 2016 podcast interview with Alexi Lalas.

Harkes was called up to the national team again by his former college coach, Bruce Arena in 1999, and helped the United States win the bronze medal in the Confederations Cup that year. He ended his international career in 2000 with 90 appearances.

Coaching career
In August 2015, the formation of FC Cincinnati, a new franchise in the then-third-division United Soccer League, was announced, with Harkes as the team's first head coach. In FC Cincinnati's first season under Harkes, the club finished third in the USL Eastern Conference with a 12–6–4 record. However, on February 17, 2017, FC Cincinnati announced the firing of Harkes ahead of the 2017 season. From outside the club, the dismissal was seen as a surprise; reports later emerged of a 2016–17 offseason that was "unstructured and somewhat chaotic behind the scenes", according to The Cincinnati Enquirer's Pat Brennan.

In August 2018, Harkes was named as the first head coach of Greenville Triumph, a new club set to join USL League One in 2019. Harkes was signed to a three-year contract to lead the entire technical side of the organization. In the team's first season, they finished third in the standings and were the runner-up in the playoffs. In the 2020 season, the Triumph finished first in the standings and won the playoffs, and Harkes was named the USL League One Coach of the Year. On January 26, 2021, the Triumph extended Harkes's contract through the 2023 season. The Triumph finished second in the standings in both the 2021 and 2022 seasons.

Off the field
In 2010, Eric Wynalda stated that former U.S. national team head coach Steve Sampson had dropped Harkes from the 1998 World Cup team two months prior to the tournament because Harkes had been having relations with teammate Wynalda's wife, Amy, in the couple's house, and near the playpen of their young child. Sampson became aware of the scandal and brewing feud between Wynalda and Harkes, and chose to drop Harkes to restore dressing room accord. Despite intense criticism from the media and subsequent failure in the World Cup, Sampson remained silent regarding the true reason for Harkes' dismissal from the team out of respect for the privacy of those involved. Harkes himself published an autobiography in 1999 panning Sampson's tenure as coach, but made no mention of the affair.

Personal life
Both of Harkes' parents are Scottish immigrants; his father Jim is originally from Dundee, and was a youth team player at Dundee United.

He is the father of Lauren Harkes, who played collegiately at Clemson University, and Ian Harkes, who won the Hermann Trophy in 2016, played for John's old team, D.C. United, Dundee United in Scotland, and for the New England Revolution, where John played from 1999 to 2001.

Honors
Sheffield Wednesday
 * League Cup: 1990–91; runner-up: 1992–93
 * FA Cup runner-up: 1992–93

Individual
 * MLS All-Star: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000

Coach
 * Greenville Triumph
 * USL League One Champions: 2020

title: John Harkes


text: User talk:68.38.57.249

title: User talk:68.38.57.249


text:
Hückel's rule

In organic chemistry, Hückel's rule predicts that a planar ring molecule will have aromatic properties if it has 4n + 2 π electrons, where n is a non-negative integer. The quantum mechanical basis for its formulation was first worked out by physical chemist Erich Hückel in 1931. The succinct expression as the 4n + 2 rule has been attributed to W. v. E. Doering (1951), although several authors were using this form at around the same time.

In agreement with the Möbius–Hückel concept, a cyclic ring molecule follows Hückel's rule when the number of its π-electrons equals 4n + 2, although clearcut examples are really only established for values of n = 0 up to about n = 6. Hückel's rule was originally based on calculations using the Hückel method, although it can also be justified by considering a particle in a ring system, by the LCAO method and by the Pariser–Parr–Pople method.

Aromatic compounds are more stable than theoretically predicted using hydrogenation data of simple alkenes; the additional stability is due to the delocalized cloud of electrons, called resonance energy. Criteria for simple aromatics are:
 * 1) the molecule must have 4n + 2 (a so-called "Hückel number") π electrons (2, 6, 10, ...) in a conjugated system of p orbitals (usually on sp2-hybridized atoms, but sometimes sp-hybridized);
 * 2) the molecule must be (close to) planar (p orbitals must be roughly parallel and able to interact, implicit in the requirement for conjugation);
 * 3) the molecule must be cyclic (as opposed to linear);
 * 4) the molecule must have a continuous ring of p atomic orbitals (there cannot be any sp3 atoms in the ring, nor do exocyclic p orbitals count).

Monocyclic hydrocarbons
The rule can be used to understand the stability of completely conjugated monocyclic hydrocarbons (known as annulenes) as well as their cations and anions. The best-known example is benzene (C6H6) with a conjugated system of six π electrons, which equals 4n + 2 for n = 1. The molecule undergoes substitution reactions which preserve the six π electron system rather than addition reactions which would destroy it. The stability of this π electron system is referred to as aromaticity. Still, in most cases, catalysts are necessary for substitution reactions to occur.

The cyclopentadienyl anion with six π electrons is planar and readily generated from the unusually acidic cyclopentadiene (pKa 16), while the corresponding cation with four π electrons is destabilized, being harder to generate than a typical acyclic pentadienyl cations and is thought to be antiaromatic. Similarly, the tropylium cation, also with six π electrons, is so stable compared to a typical carbocation that its salts can be crystallized from ethanol. On the other hand, in contrast to cyclopentadiene, cycloheptatriene is not particularly acidic (pKa 37) and the anion is considered nonaromatic. The cyclopropenyl cation  and the triboracyclopropenyl dianion  are considered examples of a two π electron system, which are stabilized relative to the open system, despite the angle strain imposed by the 60° bond angles.

Planar ring molecules with 4n π electrons do not obey Hückel's rule, and theory predicts that they are less stable and have triplet ground states with two unpaired electrons. In practice such molecules distort from planar regular polygons. Cyclobutadiene (C4H4) with four π electrons is stable only at temperatures below 35 K and is rectangular rather than square. Cyclooctatetraene (C8H8) with eight π electrons has a nonplanar "tub" structure. However the dianion (cyclooctatetraenide anion), with ten π electrons obeys the 4n + 2 rule for n = 2 and is planar, while the 1,4-dimethyl derivative of the dication, with six π electrons, is also believed to be planar and aromatic. The Cyclononatetraenide anion is the largest all-cis monocyclic annulene/annulenyl system that is planar and aromatic. These bond angles (140°) differ significantly from the ideal angles of 120°. Larger rings possess trans bonds to avoid the increased angle strain. However, 10 to 14-membered systems all experience considerable transannular strain. Thus, these systems are either nonaromatic or experience modest aromaticity. This changes when we get to [18]annulene, with (4×4) + 2 = 18 π electrons, which is large enough to accommodate six interior hydrogen atoms in a planar configuration (3 cis double bonds and 6 trans double bonds). Thermodynamic stabilization, NMR chemical shifts, and nearly equal bond lengths all point to considerable aromaticity for [18]annulene.

The (4n+2) rule is a consequence of the degeneracy of the π orbitals in cyclic conjugated hydrocarbon molecules. As predicted by Hückel molecular orbital theory, the lowest π orbital in such molecules is non-degenerate and the higher orbitals form degenerate pairs. For benzene the lowest π orbital is non-degenerate and can hold 2 electrons, and the next 2 π orbitals form a degenerate pair which can hold 4 electrons. The 6 π electrons in benzene therefore form a stable closed shell in a regular hexagonal molecule.

However for cyclobutadiene or cyclooctatrene with regular geometries, the highest molecular orbital pair is occupied by only 2 π electrons forming a less stable open shell. The molecules therefore stabilize by geometrical distortions which separate the degenerate orbital energies so that the last two electrons occupy the same orbital, but the molecule as a whole is less stable in the presence of such a distortion.

Heteroatoms
Hückel's rule can also be applied to molecules containing other atoms such as nitrogen or oxygen. For example pyridine (C5H5N) has a ring structure similar to benzene, except that one -CH- group is replaced by a nitrogen atom with no hydrogen. There are still six π electrons and the pyridine molecule is also aromatic and known for its stability.

Polycyclic hydrocarbons
Hückel's rule is not valid for many compounds containing more than one ring. For example, pyrene and trans-bicalicene contain 16 conjugated electrons (8 bonds), and coronene contains 24 conjugated electrons (12 bonds). Both of these polycyclic molecules are aromatic, even though they fail the 4n + 2 rule. Indeed, Hückel's rule can only be theoretically justified for monocyclic systems.

Three-dimensional rule
In 2000, Andreas Hirsch and coworkers in Erlangen, Germany, formulated a rule to determine when a fullerene would be aromatic. They found that if there were 2(n + 1)2 π-electrons, then the fullerene would display aromatic properties. This follows from the fact that an aromatic fullerene must have full icosahedral (or other appropriate) symmetry, so the molecular orbitals must be entirely filled. This is possible only if there are exactly 2(n + 1)2 electrons, where n is a nonnegative integer. In particular, for example, buckminsterfullerene, with 60 π-electrons, is non-aromatic, since 60 ÷ 2 = 30, which is not a perfect square.

In 2011, Jordi Poater and Miquel Solà expanded the rule to determine when a fullerene species would be aromatic. They found that if there were 2n2 + 2n + 1 π-electrons, then the fullerene would display aromatic properties. This follows from the fact that a spherical species having a same-spin half-filled last energy level with the whole inner levels being fully filled is also aromatic.

title: Hückel's rule


text:
Timotheus (general)

Timotheus (Τιμόθεος; died 354 BC) was a Greek statesman and general who sought to revive Athenian imperial ambitions by making Athens dominant in a Second Athenian League. He was the son of the Athenian general, Conon. Isocrates considered that Timotheus was superior to the other commanders of his time and showed all the requisites and abilities of a good general.

Strategos
From 378 BC to 356 BC, Timotheus frequently held command as "strategos" in the wars between Athens (in alliance with Thebes), and Sparta. At this time, Athens' ambition was to revive the Delian League and to regain command of the sea. In 375 BC, during the Boeotian War, Timotheus was sent with a fleet to sail round Peloponnesus by way of a demonstration of Athens' power against Sparta. He persuaded Cephallenia to side with Athens and secured the friendship of the Acarnanians and Molossians. In 373 BC, Timotheus was appointed to the command of a fleet for the relief of Corcyra, then beleaguered by the Spartans, but his ships were not fully manned, and to increase their manpower he cruised in the Aegean. The delay upset the Athenians, who brought him to trial; but, thanks to the intervention of his allies – Jason, tyrant of Pherae, and Alcetas I of Epirus, King of the Molossians, both of whom went to Athens to plead his cause he was acquitted. In way of support, Amyntas, King of Macedon, sent timber to Timeotheus' house in the Piraeus. Upon his acquittal, he went to sea with his fleet and captured Corcyra and then defeated the Spartans at sea off Alyzia (Acarnania). However, with little money to his name—for he had used his own funds to build up the Athenian fleet—he left Athens and took service with the king of Persia as a mercenary.

Asia Minor
Having returned to Athens, in 366 BC he was sent to support Ariobarzanes, satrap of Phrygia. But, finding that the satrap was in open rebellion against Persia (Revolt of the Satraps), Timotheus, in line with his instructions, abstained from helping him and rather used his army against Samos, then occupied by a Persian garrison, and took it after a ten months' siege (366 BC-365 BC). He then took Sestus, Crithote, Torone, Potidaea, Methone, Pydna and many other cities; but two attempts to capture Amphipolis failed.

Court case
An action was brought against him by Apollodorus, the son of the banker Pasion, for the return of money lent by his father. The speech for the plaintiff is still extant, and is attributed to Demosthenes (see also Pseudo-Demosthenes). It is interesting as it describes the manner in which Timotheus had exhausted the large fortune inherited from his father and the straits to which he was reduced by his sacrifices in the public cause.

Social War
In 358 BC or 357 BC, an Athenian force, in response to a spirited appeal from Timotheus, crossed over to Euboea and expelled the Thebans in three days. In the course of the Social War Timotheus was dispatched with Iphicrates, Menestheus, son of Iphicrates, and Chares to put down the revolt. The hostile fleets sighted each other in the Hellespont; but a gale was blowing, and Iphicrates and Timotheus decided not to engage. Chares, disregarding the advice of his colleagues, lost many ships.

Final years
In his dispatches after the battle, Chares complained so bitterly about Iphicrates and Timotheus that the Athenians put them on their trial. The accusers were Chares and Aristophon. Iphicrates, who had fewer enemies than Timotheus, was acquitted; but Timotheus, who had always been disliked for his perceived arrogance, was condemned to pay a very heavy fine. Being unable to pay, he withdrew to Chalcis, where he died soon afterwards. The Athenians later showed their sorrow over the treatment of Timotheus by forgiving the greater part of the fine that had passed onto his son Conon to pay. Timotheus was buried in the Ceramicus and statues were erected to his memory in the Agora and the Acropolis.

Reputation
Timotheus inspired much jealousy among his rivals, his reputation somewhat tarnished by the record of his final years. Aelian sums up much of the negative perception of Timotheus' generalship: "Note that the Athenian general Timotheus was reckoned to be fortunate. People said fortune was responsible, and Timotheus had no part in it. They ridiculed him on the stage, and painters portrayed him asleep, with Tyche (Fortune) hovering above his head and pulling the cities into her net." This commentary is balanced by the credible picture (presented by Isocrates) of a skilled and cautious general, magnanimous victor and low-key diplomat.

title: Timotheus (general)