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Eva Longoria

Eva Jacqueline Longoria Bastón ( Longoria; born March 15, 1975) is an American actress, producer, director and business woman. After a number of guest roles on several television series, she was recognized for her portrayal of Isabella Braña on the CBS daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless, on which she starred from 2001 to 2003. She is most known for her role as Gabrielle Solis on the ABC television series Desperate Housewives, which ran from 2004 to 2012, and for which she received a Golden Globe nomination and won two Screen Actors Guild Awards with the cast.

Thanks to her acting works she has won three ALMA Awards, two People's Choice Awards a Teen Choice Awards; Longoria has also appeared in The Sentinel (2006), Over Her Dead Body (2008), For Greater Glory (2012), Frontera (2014), Lowriders (2016), and Overboard (2018), later winning the Imagen Awards for Best Actress Film.

In 2005, Longoria founded UnbeliEVAble Entertainment, film and television production company acquired by Hyphenate Media Group, co-founded by Longoria herself and Cris Abrego, in 2023. She was also an executive producer for the Lifetime television series Devious Maids, and for films Food Chains and The Harvest. From 2015 to 2016, she starred and co-produced the short-lived NBC sitcom Telenovela.

Since 2014 she has been directing episodes of television series she appeared in. In 2021 she was nominated at the 48th Daytime Creative Arts Emmy Awards for her direction of television series Ashley Garcia: Genius in Love. In 2023 Longoria made her feature directorial debut with Flamin' Hot, which was nominated for Best Song at the 96th Academy Awards.

She appeared in several advertising campaigns, including with L'Oréal, New York & Co, Pepsi and she has launched her own fashion and parfumes brand since 2017.

Early life and education
Longoria was born in Corpus Christi, Texas, on March 15, 1975, the youngest of the four daughters of her Tejano parents Ella Eva (Mireles) and Enrique Longoria Jr. One of her sisters had special needs. Longoria told Redbook in 2016:

There was never any resentment, because I saw how hard my mother worked and all she did for my sister [with special needs], and I wanted to do whatever I could to help. We all did.

She was raised Roman Catholic. She did not speak Spanish growing up, and did not learn the language until 2009. While in high school, she worked at a Wendy's restaurant part-time for three years to help earn money for her quinceañera. Longoria previously told the press how her years in fast food as a teen shaped her work ethic, saying "I couldn't wait to get to work and make my own money." Longoria earned her Bachelor of Science degree in kinesiology at Texas A&M University-Kingsville. At that time (1998), she also won the title of Miss Corpus Christi USA. After completing college, she entered a talent contest that led her to Los Angeles; and shortly thereafter, was spotted and signed by a theatrical agent. While auditioning for roles, she worked as a headhunter for four years. Longoria has publicly credited Jennifer Lopez as being an inspiration to her early in her career. "Jennifer broke down so many doors so that we could walk through them," she told the magazine People. "And she kicked them down. They were not easy doors." She also described Tejana legend Selena as being "my idol, my inspiration" and "the reason I even dared to dream that a better life was possible." After three years at California State University, Northridge, she received her master's degree in Chicano studies in May 2013. Her thesis was "Success STEMS From Diversity: The Value of Latinas in STEM Careers".

Career
Longoria guest-starred in an episode of Beverly Hills, 90210. Another guest appearance on General Hospital the same year led to a contract role on the CBS Daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless, where she portrayed Isabella Braña from 2001 to 2003. After leaving that show, she appeared in the 2003 revival of Jack Webb's long-running Dragnet media franchise. She then starred in Señorita Justice, a poorly received direct-to-video film; and a television film, The Dead Will Tell.

In 2003, Longoria was cast as Gabrielle Solis in the ABC comedy-drama Desperate Housewives. She later commented, "I think it's funny when people say I'm an overnight sensation, because I've been working at it for 10 years." Shortly after her debut on Desperate Housewives, she starred in a direct-to-video film, Carlita's Secret, for which she was also co-producer.

In 2006, she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy, along with her co-stars in Desperate Housewives. That year, she received the ALMA Award, and was named entertainer of the year. She also starred opposite Michael Douglas and Kiefer Sutherland in the thriller The Sentinel (2006)—her first major role in a theatrical feature film—and played Sylvia in Harsh Times, starring Freddy Rodríguez and Christian Bale.

In the 2000s, Longoria appeared in several high-profile advertising campaigns and numerous men's magazines, reaching No. 14 in the FHM "Sexiest Women 2008" poll. She was also featured on the cover of various international women's magazines, including Vogue, Marie Claire and Harper's Bazaar. People en Español listed her among its "Most Beautiful People" for 2003. She continues to be included in lists of Hollywood's Most Beautiful. She was listed as No. 1 in Maxim 's Hottest Female Stars of 2005 and 2006, the first woman to top the list in two consecutive years. She was ranked No. 9 in the magazine's Hot 100 of 2007 list. In honor of Maxim's 100th issue in 2006, she was featured on a 75 by vinyl mesh replica of its January 2005 cover located in a Clark County, Nevada desert. More recently, she was ranked No. 14 of People's Most Beautiful 2011. People named her one of 2012 Most Beautiful at Every Age.

In January 2007, Longoria was chosen to be the first face of Bebe Sport. She appeared in the Spring/Summer 2007 campaign, photographed by Greg Kadel. She also holds contracts with L'Oréal, and New York & Co. She also contracts with Magnum Ice-Cream and Heineken. She was a part of Microsoft's "I'm A PC" ad campaign. She and Tony Parker have appeared together in campaigns for London Fog. She became a spokesperson for L'Oréal Paris in 2005 and was still being featured in L'Oréal TV commercials and print ads. In the summer of 2010, she was a judge on The Next Food Network Star; and in October, she hosted the MTV Europe Music Awards 2010 in Madrid, Spain.

Based on her earnings from June 1, 2009, to June 1, 2010, Longoria was ranked No. 4 on Forbes Prime Time's 10 Top-Earning Women with an estimated $12 million. She topped the Forbes magazine's list of the highest-paid TV actresses for 2011.

In 2013, Longoria professed that she was a "cat lady", and appeared as a spokesperson for Sheba Cat Food.

From 2013, she served as one of the executive producers of Devious Maids and directed the season two premiere, "An Ideal Husband". In 2016, she also starred in the fourth season, in the episode "Once More Unto the Bleach". She is also an executive producer of the documentaries The Harvest and Food Chains, for which she won a James Beard Foundation Award.

In 2015, NBC announced plans for a sitcom called Telenovela in which Longoria starred as a popular telenovela actress. It was filmed with a single camera. It ran for only one season.

In 2017, Longoria directed the season three finale episode of the ABC comedy Black-ish. The same year, she was attached to the pilot of a workplace comedy, Type-A.

In 2018, Longoria attended the premiere for her new film, Dog Days with co-stars Vanessa Hudgens (Tara) and Nina Dobrev (Elizabeth) on August 5, 2018.

In August 2019, Longoria was announced as the director of the biopic Flamin' Hot, her feature-length directorial debut. The movie was released in 2023, amid a controversy into the authenticity of the subject matter.

In 2021, Longoria was working with Kenya Barris to develop a possible new television series Brown-ish about a Latino family.

She will produce a Spanish-language adaptation of the television series Call My Agent! for Latin America and the U.S. and direct the first two episodes.

In June 2024, the Los Angeles Times featured Longoria in its "L.A. Influential" series as a "creator who is leaving their mark" in Los Angeles.

Other ventures

In March 2008, Longoria opened the restaurant Beso (which means "kiss" in Spanish) in Hollywood, along with partner and celebrity chef Todd English. The restaurant is located on Hollywood Boulevard and is accompanied by Kiss, a Victorian-themed nightclub on the floor above. The Hollywood Beso was scheduled to be the focus of a pilot episode for a tentative reality series called Beso: Waiting on Fame, to air on VH1 in late 2010. In 2009, Longoria and various investor-partners opened a Beso restaurant, with a nightclub called Eve above it, in the Crystals retail and entertainment district of CityCenter in Las Vegas.

In 2011, the corporation Beso LLC, owner of the Vegas restaurant-and-nightclub venture, with listed assets of about $2.5 million and Longoria as a 32 percent shareholder, filed for Chapter 11 protection, entering bankruptcy proceedings, in order to restructure nearly $5.7 million in debt and other liabilities. On July 28, 2011, the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for Nevada ordered Longoria to appear in Las Vegas on August 20 in order to be examined about the bankrupt restaurant's finances.

Her first book, Eva's Kitchen: Cooking with Love for Family and Friends, was published in April 2011. In terms of food-related promotions, in 2012 and 2013, Longoria paired with Iron Chef Michael Symon for a promotion for PepsiCo's Lay's potato chips contest called "Do Us A Flavor". The promotion encourages consumers to submit new flavor ideas and fans to vote for their favorite on Facebook. The person who creates the winning flavor is awarded $1 million or one percent of chip flavor's net sales.

In 2015, Longoria announced that she had teamed up with sportswear manufacturer Sunrise Brands to create a women's apparel collection, set to launch Fall 2016.

In August 2016, Longoria's production company, UnbeliEVAble Entertainment, signed a two-year first-look deal with Universal Pictures. In September 2020, her company renewed a three-year first-look deal with 20th Television.

In March 2017, Longoria launched her clothing line website on her official site. In December 2023, she was a guest narrator at Disney's Candlelight Processional at Walt Disney World.

In 2020, Longoria joined the ownership group of Angel City FC of the National Women's Soccer League.

Combining her education advocacy with business in collaboration with Mott’s Fruit Flavored Snacks, Longoria began promoting Mott's Snacks and Stories program which gives away bilingual children's books. "When you look at the statistics, 45% of children in the U.S. are living in book deserts with limited access to books," she stated on the subject.

Philanthropy

In 2006, Longoria founded Eva's Heroes, a charity which helps young adults with developmental disabilities. Based in San Antonio, Texas, it was inspired by her sister, who has intellectual disabilities.

Longoria is the national spokesperson for PADRES Contra El Cancer. She signed shoes for the Spirit of Women Red Shoe Celebrity Auction. She also supports the Clothes Off Our Back Foundation, OmniPeace, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, the National Stroke Association, Project HOME and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. She is an executive producer of Shine Global Inc.'s documentary The Harvest, which focuses on the 500,000 child migrant farm workers in the U.S. and promotes awareness and support to enact the Children's Act for Responsible Employment (CARE Act).

Her other charity, the Eva Longoria Foundation, aims to close the education gap plaguing Latinas and to confront Latino poverty. She started: "The Eva Longoria Foundation supports programs which help Latinas excel in school and attend college. Additionally, we work to provide Latina entrepreneurs with career training, mentorship, capital and opportunity." The foundation offers nine-week "parent engagement" courses to help Latino parents; has a mentorship program and other activities for Latinas; and provides loans to Latina-owned businesses. It is co-funded by philanthropist Howard Buffett, son of investor Warren Buffett.

Longoria was named Philanthropist of the Year in 2009 by The Hollywood Reporter for her commitment to Latino causes and giving back to the community. She appeared on Fort Boyard in 2009, helping attract more than €20,000 for the Make-A-Wish Foundation.

In 2009, Longoria enrolled in a Master's program in Chicano studies and political science at Cal State University, Northridge. She said, "Because of my involvement with the NCLR and my charity work, I really wanted a better, more authentic understanding of what my community has gone through so I [could] help create change." She graduated with a master's degree in Chicano studies in May 2013.

In September 2009, Longoria was appointed to a bipartisan commission to establish a National Museum of the American Latino. In October 2012, she spoke at the McAfee Focus 2012 event, where the "theme of safety—beyond computers—emerged. Safety involving financial security, emotional security, and the other results from Longoria's philanthropic efforts."

In March 2017, UK-based company Richtopia included Longoria at #42 on its list of 200 Most Influential Philanthropists and Social Entrepreneurs Worldwide.

In July 2019, Longoria supported the Special Olympics Texas Summer Games hosted by Toyota Field and Morgan's Wonderland in San Antonio, Texas. In 2020 she assisted the San Antonio Food Bank with their COVID-relief efforts.

In March 2024, Longoria was granted $50-million Courage and Civility Award by Jeff Bezos and his fiancée Lauren Sánchez in recognition of her charity work through the Eva Longoria Foundation supports programs for Latinas.

Politics and activism

Longoria has a keen interest in immigration. She accompanied a border patrol in Arizona and has immersed herself in the issues to understand the Mexican and the U.S. points of view. She has described Arizona's SB 1070 immigration law as unconstitutional.

In 2012, Longoria was one of seven Californians named to the post of co-chair of Barack Obama's reelection campaign. On September 6, she spoke at the 2012 Democratic National Convention where she endorsed President Obama's reelection. In May 2014, she initiated the Latino Victory Project to raise funds for candidates and efforts to get out the vote. An executive producer of the documentaries The Harvest and Food Chains, she is a supporter of the Coalition of Immokalee Workers.

In 2014, Longoria endorsed Marianne Williamson for California's 33rd congressional district. In 2018, Longoria endorsed Beto O'Rourke for Senate against Senator Ted Cruz, as well as Collin Allred for Texas's 32nd congressional district against then-incumbent Rep. Pete Sessions.

Longoria spoke at the 2016 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia on July 26, 2016. In August 2020, she hosted the first night of the 2020 Democratic National Convention, which was held remotely because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In preparation of Georgia's runoff elections, on January 2, 2021, Longoria participated in a VoteRiders textbanking event with America Ferrera to help educate Latina voters regarding the state's voter ID laws. Longoria was touted by Texas Monthly as a potential top Democratic contender in the 2024 United States Senate election in Texas, citing her past refusal to rule out a run for office in the future.

Marriages and children

Longoria was married to actor Tyler Christopher, star of General Hospital, from 2002 to 2004.

Longoria met Tony Parker, then the point guard for the San Antonio Spurs, in November 2004. On November 30, 2006, they became engaged, and married in a civil service on July 6, 2007 at a Paris city hall. They had a Catholic wedding ceremony at the Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois Church in Paris on July 7, 2007. On November 17, 2010, Longoria filed for divorce from Parker in Los Angeles, citing "irreconcilable differences". In the divorce petition, she requested that her family name be restored, and sought spousal support from Parker. The couple had a prenuptial agreement signed in June 2007, a month before their wedding, and amended two years later in June 2009.

Longoria told her friend Mario Lopez that she had discovered hundreds of text messages from another woman on her husband's phone. Extra identified the other woman as Erin Barry, then-wife of Brent Barry, Parker's former teammate, and revealed that the Barrys were also divorcing. In light of her divorce, Longoria canceled her scheduled appearance at the 2010 American Music Awards. On November 19, 2010, Parker filed for divorce from Longoria in Bexar County, Texas, on the grounds of "discord or conflict of personalities", establishing a legal battle over where the case would be heard. Unlike Longoria's divorce petition, Parker's did not mention a prenuptial agreement and claimed that the parties would "enter into an agreement for the division of their estate". The divorce was finalized in Texas on January 28, 2011, the same day Longoria's lawyer filed papers to dismiss her Los Angeles petition. Longoria later said, "I didn't realize it at the time with Tony, but I had become my own version of a desperate housewife."

On December 13, 2015, Longoria reported her engagement to Mexican businessman José Antonio "Pepe" Bastón Patiño, then the president of Televisa, the largest media company in Latin America. They met on a blind date arranged by a mutual friend in Mexico City; at the time, Bastón did not know who Longoria was, and initially declined the invitation to meet her because of his busy schedule. They were married in Mexico on May 21, 2016.

On December 19, 2017, it was reported that Longoria was pregnant with her first child. She gave birth to a son in 2018.

Ancestry
According to research done in 2010 by Harvard professor and Faces of America host Henry Louis Gates Jr., Longoria's oldest identifiable Spanish immigrant ancestor is her ninth great-grandfather, Lorenzo Suárez de Longoria (b. Oviedo, 1592), who was a colonist of the Viceroyalty of New Spain (modern-day Mexico) in 1603. His family was based in a small village called Llongoria, Belmonte de Miranda, Asturias, Spain. Longoria is the Castillanized form of this Asturian-language surname.

In 1767, her seventh great-grandfather received almost 4000 acre of land along the Rio Grande in a land grant from King Charles III of Spain. The family retained this land for more than a century. After the US-Mexican border was moved southwards in the aftermath of the Mexican–American War, the land ended up on the American side of the border. Her family had to deal with the influx of United States settlers following the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War.

According to DNA testing, Longoria's overall genetic ancestry is 70% European, 27% Indigenous American, and 3% African. A computer analysis of the DNA results of Gates's dozen guests showed that Longoria has the same genetic haplogroup as cellist Yo-Yo Ma, who is of Chinese heritage. As women have two X chromosomes and no Y chromosome, Longoria did not inherit her father's Y-DNA, but she did inherit her mother's mitochondrial DNA (genetic information passed from mother to child). Longoria's mtDNA belongs to the Haplogroup A2, making her a direct descendant of a Native American woman, a Mayan from the territory of Mexico long before it was Mexico. Her ancestors include many other Maya on both sides of her family.

Longoria identifies as a "Texican"—a Mexican-American Texan.

Filmography
Longoria has over 60 credits to her name within film and television.

title: Eva Longoria


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I remember seeing this on TV back in the mid 1980's. --  Denelson83  03:06, 13 May 2006 (UTC)

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 * I actually remember this ident quite vividly. It contained several shots of RCI's behind-the-scenes operation, including on-the-air programs.  Denelson83  06:15, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

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Pink Fairies

Pink Fairies are an English proto punk rock band initially active in the London (Ladbroke Grove) underground and psychedelic scene of the early 1970s. They promoted free music, drug use, and anarchy, and often performed impromptu gigs and other stunts, such as playing for nothing outside the gates at the Bath and Isle of Wight pop festivals in 1970, as well as appearing at Phun City, the first Glastonbury and many other free festivals including Windsor and Trentishoe.

Paul Rudolph incarnation, 1969–1972
The group were formed after the three musicians from the Deviants (Paul Rudolph, guitar and vocals, Duncan Sanderson, bass and Russell Hunter, born Barry Russell Hunter, drums), dismissed their singer and leader Mick Farren during a disastrous tour of the West Coast of the United States. Prior to the tour, these musicians had collaborated on the Think Pink solo album by Twink, former drummer of the Pretty Things. Most of the musicians involved were members of a drinking club called the Pink Fairies Motorcycle Club and All-Star Rock and Roll Band, their name taken from a story written by Jamie Mandelkau. While the former Deviants' sidemen were still stranded in America after the tour, Twink, Farren and former Tyrannosaurus Rex percussionist Steve Peregrin Took had used the Pink Fairies name for various activities, including one shambolic gig in Manchester (with Farren on vocals, Took on guitar, Twink on drums, and Twink's girlfriend Sally Meltzer, also known as "Silver Darling", on keyboards) as well as the recording of Farren's solo album, Mona – The Carnivorous Circus. Within a few months Twink had left, followed by Farren, by which point Took had renamed the embryonic band Shagrat. In February 1970, Twink recruited the remaining Deviants to a new Pink Fairies line-up. Took continued with Shagrat as a vehicle for his own songs, and the two bands would appear as separate acts at the Phun City festival that summer.

Their music was upbeat good-time rock and roll, often jamming on the Beatles' "Tomorrow Never Knows", the Ventures' "Walk, Don't Run", "Ghost Riders in the Sky" and other standards. Their sets climaxed with the lengthy "Uncle Harry's Last Freakout", essentially an amalgam of old Deviants riffs that included extended guitar and double drum solos. They were closely associated with the UK underground, being based in the Ladbroke Grove scene and playing festivals, benefits, and free concerts. The band had strong connections with Farren's hometown Worthing, playing gigs for the Worthing Workshop. These included an appearance on a float in the Worthing Rotary Club Carnival Procession and a free open-air concert in Beach House Park. Playing for free in June 1970 outside the Bath Festival, they encountered another Ladbroke Grove based band, Hawkwind, who shared similar interests in music and recreational activities. A friendship developed which would lead to the two bands becoming running partners and performing as Pinkwind. Sensationalist coverage in the (Mick Farren edited) International Times solidified their rebel reputation.

Polydor Records commissioned the group to record a single, "The Snake" backed with "Do It", and were happy enough with the results to offer the group an album contract. The debut album Never Never Land was released in 1971. It featured live favourites "Uncle Harry's Last Freakout" and "Do It". An appearance at 1971's Glastonbury Fair led to them being given one side of the Glastonbury Fayre various artists triple album. In July 1971, Twink left to travel to Morocco. The band continued as a three-piece, occasionally augmented by former The Move bassist Trevor Burton on guitar. They released their second album What a Bunch of Sweeties in 1972, which featured some contributions from Burton. On the album's release and with a promotional tour pending Rudolph departed, going on to play on albums for Robert Calvert and Brian Eno. He would eventually replace Lemmy in Hawkwind.

Larry Wallis incarnation, 1973–1978
Mick Wayne (born Michael Wayne, 1945, Hull, Yorkshire and died 26 June 1994), was Rudolph's replacement, having previously recorded on sessions for Took with Sanderson and Hunter at Olympic Studios, and later on loose sessions (along with sundry other underground musicians) in Took's flat in the basement of manager Tony Secunda's office, the fruits of which were released by Cleopatra Records in 1995. Feeling that Took's exceptionally heavy drug consumption would not make him a going concern, the remaining three instead formed a new version of The Pink Fairies, releasing the single "Well, Well, Well" backed with "Hold On", as well as doing a radio session for BBC Radio One.

However, Sanderson and Hunter became unhappy with the musical direction Wayne was taking the band. They convinced Larry Wallis, who had played with Shagrat and later UFO and Motörhead, to join the group as a second guitarist. Shortly after, they dismissed Wayne, passing songwriting and singing duties onto Wallis. This new three-piece then recorded the 1973 album Kings of Oblivion. Out of contract with Polydor, the band continued touring to a decreasing audience, until finally calling it a day. Wallis went on to join Lemmy in the first incarnation of Motörhead, then became the in-house record producer for Stiff Records. Sanderson joined The Lightning Raiders. Hunter left the music business.

Ted Carroll, head of Chiswick Records, organised a one-off re-union concert at The Roundhouse on 13 July 1975, featuring all five previous major members of the group (released in 1982 as Live at the Roundhouse 1975). Following this concert, Wallis, Sanderson and Hunter gave the Pink Fairies another try. This line-up eventually gave numerous 'farewell tours' before disbanding. After a period of inactivity they entered the burgeoning punk rock scene as one of the few 'hairy' bands revered by the new guard. Recruiting former Chilli Willi and the Red Hot Peppers guitarist Martin Stone, they toured and released the single "Between the Lines" (backed with "Spoiling for a Fight") on Stiff Records but, with little interest being shown in them, they once again split up. Rudolph and Wallis resumed playing for Farren in 1977/78, releasing the EP Screwed Up as The Deviants again on Stiff, but Rudolph returned to his native Canada prior to the recording of 1978's Vampires Stole My Lunch Money and follow up single "Broken Statue".

1980s and 1990s
In the early 1980s, Wallis, Sanderson and drummer George Butler (ex-Lightning Raiders) recorded and played live, the albums Previously Unreleased (1982) and The Deviants' Human Garbage (live 1984) being released. The band went under many names including The Police Cars, The Police Sleighs, The Donut Dunkers Of Death, and finally The Love Pirates Of Doom, the most settled line-up being Wallis, Sanderson, Butler and second guitarist Andy Colquhoun (ex-Warsaw Pakt & Brian James' Tanz Der Youth).

In 1987, Jake Riviera, head of Demon Records, offered a recording contract for a reformed Pink Fairies. Of the five group members, Paul Rudolph was not involved, so the second guitarist position was taken up by Colquhoun. This band released the album Kill 'Em and Eat 'Em and toured following a sell-out show at London's Town & Country Club before once again splitting up in 1988. After Twink's departure, they carried on until Wallis also left, at which point the remaining members toured and recorded as Flying Colours. An archive live album Chinese Cowboys: Live 1987 was issued in Japan in 2005 on Captain Trip Records.

Following this period the magazine UHCK (Uncle Harry's City Kids - run initially by Jeff Holmes and later by Tim Rundall) collaborated with the band to produce two tape releases (Silence Of The Hams and Son Of Ham) and two CDs (Son Of Ham extended version and Hogwatch) for subscribers, all featuring entirely unreleased music by members of the band in various side projects (the Deviants, Lightning Raiders, etc.), radio sessions and specially written material. In common with many 'official' Pink Fairies releases the artwork was by the late underground cartoonist Edward J. Barker (I.T., Nasty Tales) noted for his Largactalites cartoons and his pig and crow caricatures. Much of the magazine was actually written by ex-band members and by longtime associate, road manager, 'wet nurse' and manager of Dingwalls, Boss Goodman, who went on to become a renowned chef, once cooking for US President Bill Clinton at the Portobello Gold.

In the mid-1990s Twink collaborated with Rudolph and the pair recorded 1996's Pleasure Island and 1997's No Picture, released as the Pink Fairies on Twink's own label. Twink also issued a plethora of albums featuring outtakes, alternative versions, BBC sessions and live material including: The Golden Years 1969-1971, Do It, Live at Weeley Festival 1971 and Mandies and Mescaline Round at Uncle Harry's (1998).

21st century
During the early 2000s, Polydor remastered and released their Pink Fairies catalogue with bonus cuts, and issued the sampler albums Master Series and Up the Pinks: An Introduction.

The Kings of Oblivion line-up (Wallis, Sanderson and Hunter) were scheduled to play at a one-off gig on 22 January 2007 at the Roundhouse, London and record a BBC session for Stuart Maconie's Freakzone radio programme, but activities were cancelled at the last minute due to ill-health. In 2007, the biography ''Keep it Together! Cosmic Boogie with the Deviants and Pink Fairies'' by Rich Deakin, Mick Farren's webmaster, was published by Headpress. In September 2009, the What a Bunch of Sweeties line-up (Rudolph, Sanderson and Hunter) re-united in the studio to record a new version of "Do It" for the various artists CD Portobello Shuffle: A Testimonial To Boss Goodman And Tribute To The Deviants & Pink Fairies. The CD was a fund-raiser for Goodman, who was suffering from the after-effects of a stroke.

In 2011, Farren and Colquhoun returned to the UK from Los Angeles after nearly 20 years in exile. They teamed up with the rhythm section of Hunter and Sanderson, along with second guitarist Tim Rundall and percussionist Jaki Windmill, for a number of appearances. This line-up performed on the 'Spirit of 71' stage at the 2011 Glastonbury Festival - 40 years after the Pink Fairies' previous appearance at that event - under the name 'Mick Farren & The Last Men Standing'. Without Rundall, they later performed as The Deviants until Farren's death in 2013.

In 2014, the Pink Fairies reformed with a line-up of Hunter, Sanderson, Colquhoun, Windmill and second drummer Butler. Initially announcing two dates - The Robin 2 in Bilston on 15 May and 100 Club in London on 17 May - more dates were later added up to October 2015. A new album called Naked Radio was released after a Pledgemusic campaign ended on 12 February 2017.

Rudolph completed recordings with Motörhead's first drummer Lucas Fox and Hawkwind bass player Alan Davey in Austin, Texas, to be released as a Pink Fairies album on Cleopatra Records in 2018. One track appeared on the 2017 compilation Halloween Garage Blues. The LP Resident Reptiles was released on August 24, 2018. A second album by this line-up was released in July 2023.

Butler died in January 2018. Goodman died on 22 March 2018. Wallis died on 19 September 2019, and Sanderson died just two months later on 20 November 2019. Rundall died in January 2022, and Hunter died on 19 December 2023, at the age of 77.

Albums

 * 1971 – Never Never Land (Polydor) – Rudolph; Sanderson; Hunter; Twink
 * 1972 – What a Bunch of Sweeties (Polydor) – Rudolph; Sanderson; Hunter; Burton - UK No. 48
 * 1973 – Kings of Oblivion (Polydor) – Wallis; Sanderson; Hunter
 * 1987 – Kill 'Em and Eat 'Em (Demon) – Wallis; Colquhoun; Sanderson; Hunter; Twink
 * 1996 – Pleasure Island (Twink Records) – Twink; Rudolph
 * 1997 – No Picture (Twink Records) – Twink; Rudolph
 * 2017 – Naked Radio (Gonzo Music) – Colquhoun; Sanderson; Hunter; Butler; Windmill
 * 2018 – Resident Reptiles (Purple Pyramid) – Rudolph; Davey; Fox
 * 2023 – Screwed Up (Cleopatra Records) – Rudolph; Davey; Fox

EPs

 * 1978 - Twink and the Fairies (Chiswick) – Twink; Sanderson - consisting of the tracks "Do It '77", "Psychedelic Punkeroo" and "Enter The Diamonds"
 * 1984 – Previously Unreleased (Big Beat) – Wallis; Sanderson; Butler - recorded 1982

Compilation albums

 * 1975 - Flashback (Polydor)
 * 1999 - Live at the Roundhouse / Previously Unreleased / Do It '77 (Big Beat)
 * 1999 – Master Series (Universal)
 * 2002 – Up the Pinks – An Introduction to Pink Fairies (Polydor)
 * 2021 – Duo Up (Explore Rights Management Ltd via Cherry Red)

Singles

 * 1971 - "The Snake" / "Do It" (Polydor) – Rudolph; Sanderson; Hunter; Twink
 * 1972 - "Pigs of Uranus" / "I Saw Her Standing There" (German Polydor release) Rudolph; Sanderson; Hunter
 * 1973 - "Well, Well, Well" / "Hold On" (Polydor) – Wayne; Sanderson; Hunter
 * 1976 - "Between the Lines" / "Spoiling for a Fight" (Stiff) – Wallis; Stone; Sanderson; Hunter

Live albums

 * 1982 – Live at the Roundhouse 1975 (Big Beat) – Wallis; Rudolph; Sanderson; Hunter; Twink
 * 1998 - The Golden Years: 1969–1971 (Cleopatra Records) – Rudolph; Sanderson; Hunter; Twink (live, BBC sessions, Twink solo material)
 * 1998 - Mescaline and Mandies Round at Uncle Harry's (NMC) – Rudolph; Sanderson; Hunter; Twink; Burton (BBC sessions, live)
 * 1999 - Do It! (Total Energy) – Rudolph; Sanderson; Hunter; Twink (live, Twink solo material)
 * 1999 - Live at Weeley 1971 (Get Back) – Rudolph; Sanderson; Hunter (live)
 * 2005 - Chinese Cowboys (Captain Trip) – Wallis; Colquhoun; Sanderson; Hunter; Twink (live 1987)
 * 2008 - Finland Freakout 1971 Major League Productions (MLP) - Rudolph; Sanderson; Hunter (live)

title: Pink Fairies


text:
User talk:Rjo

Thank you Rjo for responding to my comment on the KOTOR II discussion page. The link you gave was helpful. I dont think the creators of Star Wars Wiki will understand my point. But thank you for the advice. From Psi edit

List of anti-heroes
I just want to inform you that the article List of anti-heroes was deleted today after being listed on VfD. I am not sure if you knew it was listed or not, or if you care or not. I felt, since you had participated as a contributor on the article that you should know. If you want to know more about the status of the now deleted article, I have made a post in Deletion review. If you don't want to know more, please disregard this message. sincerely, Kingturtle 21:41, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

and, finally...

Welcome
Hello, , and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. If you are stuck, and looking for help, please come to the Wikipedia Boot Camp, where experienced Wikipedians can answer any queries you have! Or, you can just type   on your user page, and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Here are a few good links for newcomers: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! By the way, you can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using three tildes, like this: ~~~. Four tildes (~~~~) produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. Again, welcome! Kukini 16:41, 6 March 2006 (UTC)
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TMNT
I noticed you mentioned having some of the other books for After The Bomb, and thought I'd see if you could elaborate some on the stub I created. I have a few of the other TMNT supplments, but just the first After The Bomb one, so I don't know where it has progressed to over the years. Thanks! -Dawson 08:13, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:50, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rjo


text: User talk:80.117.205.65

title: User talk:80.117.205.65


text:
User talk:Avnionur

 * In fact I think the image I think he uploaded is the official logo of the greater municipality of the province. It most probably is not copyrighted. But of course that depends on which image you mean Meelar.
 * In fact I think the image I think he uploaded is the official logo of the greater municipality of the province. It most probably is not copyrighted. But of course that depends on which image you mean Meelar.

Province vs. central district
Slm. Very ggod work on the many provinces. But I prefer to give the extensive info about the "city" on the (Turkish) province page, not on the central district. I think this would be more precise because often the histories attached to the "central districts" or "province capitals" are the histories of the provinces and they overlap. An example of this structure I followed can be seen in Kastamonu Province and Kastamonu. I suggest to follow this also in other provinces as well.leandros 01:07, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Images
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Image:Ordulogo.gif
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title: User talk:Avnionur


text:
Talk:Left-wing politics/Archive 1

Could someone please check if the notion that leftist in America means "new left" and in Europe means lefts organized in communist parties is right? Myself an European, I think this differs widely from country to country. There was a "new left" hereover, too. --till we *) 19:39 Oct 19, 2002 (UTC)

I do not object to the article as such, but the initial stub was misleading. What differentiates right and left is highly variable, and what constitutes right and left are also highly variable.

It is simply false to identify "left" with sympathetic to socialism or communism. This is certainly true of some leftists, but not all. It is an even more egregious error to identify this with liberalism in the US. Traditionally, US liberals were Cold War hawks staunchly opposed to communism, and far from agreed concerning socialism. Other leftists are anarchists who are oppsed to communism and socialism at least insofar as they have been practiced in Europe.

What "the left" means has changed over time, and it would be misleadint to readers to define "leftist" in a way that associates it with how some leftists in one place at one time understand themselves. SR

This is a vast vast vast improvement over the original, I am grateful to the person/those people who worked on it.

I made two changes.

US ambitions, and not solely Soviet ambitions, were responsible for the Cold War.

Also, I cut the last line that deprecated Nitzschian postmodernism. That it is NPOV is enough to justify deletion. But I would add that many claim that National Socialism was at best a perversion of Nietzsche, and at worst had nothing to do with it except some self-serving and ignorant claims. Whatever post-modernism's political claims are (and I do not think they are unified, isn't that the point of pomo?), and whatever its effects will be, I wouldn't blame any bad outcomes on Nietzsche's influence.

I am not qualified, but I hope that others will developm non-communist elements of leftism, including Democratic Socialism (or is it Social Democracy), environmentalism, feminism, and anarchism. SR

On reflection I added the fact that it was originally the right which defined the political spectrum. My point on communism, and the reason I spent so much time on it, is that it defined the left-right spectrum and to an extent still does. American liberals are on the left of American conservatives because they're relatively closer to communists. By now the ancien regime doesn't exist anymore, and there isn't yet something to replace communism as the defining point of the spectrum. A.J. (Oops, I thought the first part was an objection to mine, not the one he deleted. I certainly hope no one thinks I imply that all leftists, of any sort, actually support communism. For the most part they merely resemble it relatively more than those on the right.)
 * right, the first objection was to an earlier stub. The current article -- which I take to be mostly or entirely A.J.'s work, is I think quite good.  Nevertheless, many readers will not be prepared for such a generic and broad understanding of "communism."  I think the article is clear, however.  Also, there may be other ways to define "leftism."  One possible definition is any programatic opposition to structural inequality.  I say "structural" because I think there are many conservatives who also claim to oppose inequality, but of course their critique is of a rather different sort, and many may still take issue with the definition I just proposed.  Clearly, contemporary "leftism" is not merely a reaction to the ancien regime but to a whole set of political and economic developments of modernity (and despite the term "ancien," absolute monarchs of the mercantilist era are rather more modern than ancient).  I think this comes through in the article although perhaps it could be developed.  Also, one has to distinguish between different kinds of reactions to modernity -- truly reactionary ones as well as so-called conservative ones that are nevertheless more modern than traditional.  As I said, I do not have any objection to communism broadly defined and clearly distinct from the CP.  But I do wonder if this is enough -- as you admit, it doesn't fully serve the New Left or postmodernist forms of leftism.  I think others who know more about these topics just have to contribute more.  SR

It is mine, except for the part about the Cold War you altered. I would object to you your definition of leftism because, for example, the Soviet Union had a great deal of inequality, both in how many material goods people had and in how much power they had. Unless you want to completely rearrange how people use their words it won't work. Of course you're right that the left is more than a reaction to the ancien regime (and right that it was modern, but that's what people called it), which is why the ancien regime no longer defines the ideological spectrum. Communism won't either once something else comes along. A.J.

 * As you say, there was a good deal of inequality in the USSR -- this is why it is important to distinguish between communism in general and CP communism. I think my definition of "left" would work in the USSR not in spite of but because of your opposition -- after all, Trotsky, Preobrazhensky, Radek, and otthers identified themselves as the "left opposition."  Clearly then the USSR was not "left" in any absolute sense, for within early Soviet politics there was a distinction between "left" and "right," and a good definition (and I am not saying mine is the best) has to account for this,  SR

Just one point of historic fact. The Estates General was not the National Assembly nor a national assembly. A national assembly indicates a form of national participative representative body akin to a modern parliament. The Estates General was not a parliament in the modern sense; it was not democratic and it wasn't representative. Elements of it however broke away to become something akin to a national parliament. JTD 07:05 Feb 1, 2003 (UTC)

It would be nice to know what are/were each nation's left-wing political parties, and whom from said parties became a leader of state. Kingturtle 18:07 Apr 14, 2003 (UTC)

Right-Left together
Since the definitions of Right-wing politics and Left-wing politics appear so inextricably tied together, I am proposing a higher-level page called Left-Right politics whose purpose is to discuss their definition. That would allow the page for each wing to focus more on its unique characteristics (such as how it evolved in that country), rather than characterizing its opponents. What do you think? Drernie 21:13, 3 Nov 2003 (UTC)

 * Left-Right politics now exists. - Jmabel 06:28, 19 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Liberalism
Is 'Liberalism'' left-wing?
 * Depends on whether in US usage, where it tends to mean center-left, or even Social Democrat, or European usage, where it means free-marketer, a position that would not be called liberal in the US. The European usage is probably more historically correct. This should all probably be discussed in Liberal. --Jmabel 06:28, 19 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Political compass
The link to http://www.politicalcompass.org seems to me like it would more belong in Political spectrum than here, but for the moment I'm leaving it alone. I'd appreciate another opinion or two on this. -- Jmabel 06:28, 19 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * I placed it on both the left and Right wing pages to provide an alternate view of the dicotomy of politics left and right wing provide. Jack 06:55, 19 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * But isn't that precisely what the article "political spectrum" is about? I don't disagree with you on the issue, but it would seem to me that those articles should both refer to political spectrum (as does Left-Right politics), and that would be the place to discuss at some length the questionability of the perspective involved in these terms. -- Jmabel 07:32, 19 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Definately. But I want each individual point of the political spectrum to have a link to the political spectrum site. Its a handy and fun way to learn about one view of all 4 (Libertarian, Authoritarian, Left wing, Right wing) types of politics. Besides, I love the test. It told my politics are identical to the Pope John Pauls (I'm a bit more authoritarian)! ;) Jack 07:42, 19 Jan 2004 (UTC)

It would seem to me that our various related articles should point to Political Spectrum and that only Political Spectrum should point to the external article, rather than pointing in four separate places to the same external article, but I'm not going to override you; still if a few more people weigh in on my side of this, I hope you will reconsider. -- Jmabel 00:47, 20 Jan 2004 (UTC)

I can't see any possible reason for your objection to my link. The fact that it would ALSO have merit in an article on the political spectrum in no way reduces its merits here. I wasn't looking to discuss the link, or the questionability of terms at length in this article. I do however insist opon the value of the link. I ask you, what is the detriment in having this link on this article? Jack 01:02, 20 Jan 2004 (UTC)

The detriment is simply that we usually try to avoid the proliferation of external links unless they are highly relevant. But, as I said, I'm willing to let it drop. Can we just stop discussing this, given that I've agreed to leave the article your way? -- Jmabel 06:57, 20 Jan 2004 (UTC)

If there are no objections, yes. I know of no policiy regarding the reduction of external links, and I of course regard this as highly relevent. I did add a disclaimer, as user:wik said it was POV, or some such. Jack 09:19, 20 Jan 2004 (UTC)

"Nietzschean philosophies"
I doubt that the phrase "Nietzschean philosophies" as it is now used in the article is informative. I think it needs to be either expanded on or dropped, and was hoping that the person who added the phrase would clarify what he/she meant to say. I'm guessing that the reference is to deconstructionism (which reasonably can be argued to originate in Nietzsche's work), but certainly Nietzsche himself was no leftist and most ideas that would be generally be considered "Nietzschean" are not embraced by any significant portion of the left, or even of the deconstructionists. I'm not going to edit this right now, but if no one responds in the next week or so, I'm probably going to reword this to refer to the immediately relevant deconstructionism rather than the tenuous intellectual ancestor, Nietzsche. The topic of the descent of desconstrucionism from Nietzsche would seem more fit for an article on deconstructionism than on left-wing politics. -- Jmabel 04:39, 26 Jan 2004 (UTC)

I agree that Nietzsche is not best used as a example of the left. He was quite revoloutionary, and aggresive, things not shared by all leftists. But the nihilism which he shared with postmodernism and left-wing politics (really any form of moral relativism) is clear. He rejected God, stating "God is dead". And he provided the underlying philosophies for both humanism and Nazism. A mention of him here is necessary. Jack 06:03, 26 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not saying that it's wrong to mention him here, but it seems to me that if the reference is to remain, then the relevance should be explained in the article rather than just stated. I agree with the relevance of Nietzsche to post-modernism (especially in the form of deconstruction). Still, insofar as he was political, Nietzsche is a very slippery figure. Surely the tendency toward atheism and other similar anti-religious and anti-clerical views on the political left owes more to Voltaire and Marx than to Nietzsche. As for moral relativism, yes, clearly Nietzsche is an important figure in the history of moral relativism, but this is an article on left-wing politics, not on moral relativism. Are you saying that left-wing politics are inherently morally relativistic? I think that would be a difficult case to make, and certainly a controversial one.
 * As I say, I'm not objecting to this view being brought out, but its worth giving it some expansion and clarity. -- Jmabel 07:09, 26 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Be bold! Jack 01:48, 27 Jan 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, Jack, you're the one arguing for the relevance; I gather it's your little darling, so I think you should expand on it in the article. Being bold, I'd just kill it, replacing "Nietzschean" by "deconstructionist". I gather you don't want that and I don't think either of us wants an edit war, which is why I gave fair warning here in the talk page. I could try to split the difference, but I bet you'll be happier with the result if it's your own edit. -- Jmabel 07:50, 27 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * Nah, do what you like. I don't edit war if I can in any way help it. If I don't like what you put there, I'll edit it myself. My understandning of left-wing politics is from an outside perspective. I can see the influence on Nietzsche, for example, but I fear that if I expressed too clearly how I feel he has been involved (the brutal nihilism of atheism, moral relativism, and postmodernism, for example) I would probably do more harm than good, and likely bring a horde of neo-communists down opon my head ;). Jack 22:57, 27 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, I've done my best to put an NPOV digest of the case you are making into the article. I have a feeling that it is going to be seen as bordering on trolling, though. -- Jmabel 02:32, 28 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * Wow, good job, no edits needed (IMO). What do you mean by the trolling bit? Do you think telling the truth is overly provocative to the PC amongst us... berhaps there needs to be a PC-pedia for just such folks! hehehehe.... Jack 02:47, 28 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * What do I mean by trolling? Simple. I've now put in the article, as NPOV as I could without serious research a "some people say", which is true enough, but where I don't particularly agree with what they say. I do agree that moral relativism is more common on the left than the right, but I don't see anything bad about moral relativism, at least as long as it stays short of nihilism. I think moral absolutists are often rather dangerous people: religious extremists, for example. (I also don't see moral relativism as necessarily Nietzschean, although his concept of the "genealogy of morals" is certainly a thread into contemporary moral relativism. I think Hegelian dialecticism (which is not, in itself, particularly left or right) also leads to a certain moral relativism, unless you believe you are living at the end of history.

 * As for "god is dead": well, I'm an athiest myself, more of the Voltairian "god is a superstition" viewpoint than the Nietzschean "god is dead" viewpoint. I don't think atheism is particularly more widespread on the US left than on the US right, maybe a 15% rather than a 5% opinion, or something like that, the US being a lousy place to be an atheist in any case: I'm a lot more at home in that respect in much of Europe. But still, there are plenty of religious leftists: look at liberation theology, for example. I will agree that the right is bigger on public displays of religiosity, but those are hardly a moral matter by any sane standard. -- Jmabel 03:10, 28 Jan 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, as I see it you did the opposite of trolling. You became aware of a less than perfectly expressed POV different than your own within the article, and rather than simply deleting it (that would be deletionism) you posted a question regarding it on the talk page, amazingly enough reasonably discussed the subject with someone who actually held the POV you disagreed with (absolutist/theist here), and at their suggestion (and after suggesting I try), you made an excellent NPOV edit. At least thats how I see it :) Trolling would have involved alot more abuse, illogical argument, and POV stuck all thru the article. Jack 08:55, 28 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Interestingly enough, I AM left wing, according to that political compass test ;) Jack 22:58, 27 Jan 2004 (UTC)

Neo-leftism
The newly added "Neo-leftism in China" seems, at a quick read, like good material, but this article seems the wrong place for it. Is there somewhere more appropriate we could put it, get it down to a few sentences here and a link? -- Jmabel 07:19, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

 * I copied it to Neo-leftism, you can trim what is here if you feel it necessary. I don't know a thing about it, outside of what I read here, BTW ;) Sam Spade 07:24, 10 May 2004 (UTC)

typo correction - I think...
In the last sentence of the first paragraph of the section "History of the term" I added the word "be" to the following sentence right after the word "ways" because it just didn't read right to me the way it was. I suspect this was just a typo and "be" was inadvertently left out but maybe I am reading the sentence wrong somehow.

The "left" of 1789 would, in some ways [be] part of the present-day "right", liberal with regard to the rights of property and intellect, but not embracing notions of distributive justice, rights for organized labor, etc.

 * Yes, thanks, my typo. -- Jmabel 18:07, 24 May 2004 (UTC)

NAACP removed from list of U.S. leftist groups
As far as I know, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People still claims to be "outside politics" and thus the link's placement here is inappropriate. Even if you are convinced the NAACP is a leftist group, I think there is little reason in this case not to give them the benefit of the doubt. Also, the link doesn't add much to begin with. -- Spleeman 11:07, 26 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Leftism, Pacifism and "War on Terror"
The section "Leftism, Pacifism and 'War on Terror'" seems to be degenerating into a very POV not-quite-rant. I'm busy elsewhere, but someone should take this on with NPOV in mind. -- Jmabel 11:31, Jul 11, 2004 (UTC)

A lot of the information in this section needs to be factchecked, and refactored into other articles on the anti-"War on Terror" movement, and this section restricted to just dealing with the Left itself. Pyrop 22:47, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)

 * Given the titles of sections here such as "Leftism and the Soviet Union", "Leftism and postmodernism" etc there is certainly a place here to discuss about leftism and the anti-war movement (no dispute that they are highly connected to each other) and the relationship between left-wing groups and Islam (it is a problamatic relationship but it excists). MathKnight 00:04, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Its a very interesting relationship, and one which Ann Coulter explores in her recent book, Treason: Liberal Treachery from the Cold War to the War on Terrorism. Sam [Spade] 01:30, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I would hope we can all agree that Ann Coulter is a polemical writer and not particularly a scholar. -- Jmabel 02:39, Jul 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * Regardless of her expertise and various qualities, she makes an interesting point. The american left is clearly not chauvanistic, and in fact err's on the part of siding w the enemy, rather than on the side of patriotic nationalism. Sam [Spade] 02:46, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Left-wing politics/Archive 1


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Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich

Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich, 27 July 1625 to 28 May 1672, was an English military officer, politician and diplomat from Barnwell, Northamptonshire. During the First English Civil War, he served with the Parliamentarian army, and was an Member of Parliament at various times between 1645 and 1660. Under The Protectorate, he was also a member of the English Council of State and General at sea.

In the political infighting that followed the death of Oliver Cromwell in 1658, he played an important role in bringing about the Stuart Restoration in May 1660. Created Earl of Sandwich by Charles II, he served as Ambassador to Portugal from 1661 to 1662. Appointed Ambassador to Spain in 1666, he helped negotiate the 1667 Treaty of Madrid.

When the Second Anglo-Dutch War began in 1665, he commanded a naval squadron but was later suspended in a dispute over prize money. Restored to command when the Third Anglo-Dutch War began in May 1672, he was killed at the Battle of Solebay in June. Montagu is one of the best-known characters of the 1660s, being a central figure in the diaries of his distant cousin, the naval official Samuel Pepys.

Personal details
Montagu was born on 25 July 1625, only surviving son of Sir Sidney Montagu (c. 1572-1644) and his first wife Paulina Pepys (died 1638), great-aunt of Samuel Pepys. On 7 November 1642, Montagu married Jemima Crew, daughter of John Crew, 1st Baron Crew and Jemima Waldegrave, whom Pepys in his Diary refers to with great affection as "My Lady". The couple had ten children: • Jemima (1646–1671)

• Edward (1648–1688)

• Paulina (1649–1669)

• Sidney (1650–1727)

• Oliver (c. 1655–1689)

• John (c. 1655–1729)

• Charles (1658–1721)

• Anne (1660–1729)

• Catherine (1661–1757)

• James (b. 1664) Paulina's death in February 1669, aged only twenty, was a great source of grief to her father. Pepys, who called her "a peevish lady", called to pay his condolences, but found him "shut away for sorrow".

First English Civil War and Interregnum
Although his father was a Royalist, when the First English Civil War began in August 1642 Montagu served in the Eastern Association army led by his Parliamentarian cousin, the Earl of Manchester. He raised a regiment of infantry which during the 1644 campaign fought at Marston Moor, the Siege of York and Second Newbury. Despite his family relationship, Montagu supported those in Parliament who expressed dissatisfaction with the conduct of the war by Manchester and Essex.

This resulted in the creation of the New Model Army in February 1645 and the passing of the Self-denying Ordinance, requiring those holding military commissions to resign from Parliament. As members of the House of Lords, Manchester and Essex were automatically removed, since unlike MPs they could not resign their titles. Montagu's regiment was incorporated into the New Model, taking part in the June 1645 Battle of Naseby, followed by the capture of Bristol. In October, he resigned from the army as required by the Ordinance when was appointed MP for Huntingdonshire, a seat formerly held by his father who died in September 1644.

Montagu played no part in the Second English Civil War and retired from Parliament after Pride's Purge in December 1648 to live quietly at home. He returned to politics in 1653 when his neighbour Oliver Cromwell nominated him to the Barebones Parliament as MP for Huntingdonshire, a seat formerly held by his father who died in September 1644. He was also appointed to the English Council of State, an office he held until it was dissolved in 1659, and was re-elected to the First Protectorate Parliament in 1654, then the Second Protectorate Parliament in 1656.

During the Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660), he was appointed joint General at Sea with Robert Blake, taking part in an expedition into the Mediterranean. This experience made him a leading advocate of establishing a British naval base in the region, an ambition realised with the acquisition of English Tangier in 1661. In February 1657, he was one of the so-called "New Cromwellians" who supported the Humble Petition and Advice, inviting Cromwell to declare himself king and advocating the re-establishment of a national church. The measure was opposed by army radicals including Charles Fleetwood and John Lambert and ultimately rejected.

In June 1658 he commanded the naval squadron that blockaded Dunkirk and when Cromwell died in September, Montagu remained loyal to his son and appointed successor Richard Cromwell. During his brief and disastrous rule as Lord Protector, Montagu remained at sea and in early 1659 was sent to mediate between Sweden and Denmark; however, he was suspected of secret communication with the exiled Charles II and the republicans Algernon Sidney and Sir Robert Honywood were sent to monitor his activity. He was recalled and investigated by the newly installed Rump Parliament; although no evidence was found, he was dismissed from command.

Restoration

By the end of 1659, England appeared to be drifting into anarchy, with widespread demands for new elections and an end to military rule. In February 1660, George Monck, military commander in Scotland, marched into London and declared his support for the Rump against the Republican faction led by John Lambert. Montagu resumed command of the navy and was returned as MP for the important port of Dover when elections were held for a Convention Parliament in April.

This placed him in a powerful position during negotiations for the Restoration; when Parliament resolved to proclaim Charles king and invited him to return to England, Montagu commanded the fleet that brought him from the Dutch Republic on 24 May. Two months later, on 12 July 1660, he was created Baron Montagu of St Neots, Viscount Hinchingbrooke, and Earl of Sandwich. King Charles also made him a Knight of the Garter and appointed him Master of the Great Wardrobe, Admiral of the narrow seas (the English Channel and southern North Sea), and Lieutenant Admiral to The Duke of York, Lord High Admiral of England. He carried St. Edward's staff at Charles' subsequent coronation. Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, who liked and admired Sandwich, wrote that the conferring of these honours caused much resentment among those Royalists who had gone into exile with their King, and regarded Sandwich as a "diehard" Cromwellian; yet adds that his charm of manner made it almost impossible to dislike him.

He was appointed Ambassador to Portugal in 1661, and strongly favoured the Portuguese marriage, through which England obtained Mumbai and Tangier. Sandwich, like others, saw a great future for Tangier as an international trade centre, and he commanded the fleet which took possession of the city in January 1662, purchasing a house there. Returning to England, in his capacity as Ambassador, he escorted the new Queen, Catherine of Braganza, from Lisbon.

Montagu was a signatory to The Several Declarations of The Company of Royal Adventurers of England Trading into Africa, a document published in 1667 which led to the expansion of the Royal Africa Company.

The Prize Goods Scandal
In the Second Anglo-Dutch War of 1665 to 1667 he fought at the Battle of Lowestoft, an English victory, but defeat at the Battle of Vågen led to him being removed from active service. His reputation suffered another serious blow when he failed to prevent his sailors from plundering a number of Dutch VOC prize ships, loaded with precious spices from the East Indies, which he had brought in. By long-standing custom the sailors could take any goods they found between the decks, but they were strictly forbidden to "break the bulk" i.e. ransack the ship's hold; yet this is just what Sandwich, an easy-going man with a notoriously poor understanding of money matters, permitted. When this became widely known, the rumour spread that Sandwich had unlawfully helped himself to a fortune (in fact he seems to have taken less than he was entitled to), and the public, who were still enduring the horrors of the Great Plague of London, reacted with such unexpected fury that a minor mishap became a national affair: "the Prize Goods Scandal". Although Clarendon wrote that Sandwich was too likeable to have any personal enemies, he did have political opponents, including his own superior at the Admiralty, James, Duke of York, and James' influential secretary Sir William Coventry, who were happy to exploit the scandal. He felt obliged to obtain a royal pardon: the King, mindful of his good services at the Restoration, willingly granted it.

Ambassador to Spain
During his absence from battle, Sandwich served as England's ambassador to Spain, replacing Sir Richard Fanshawe. This is further evidence that despite his unpopularity, he retained the King's confidence, although his political fortunes, like those of his friend and patron Clarendon, were in decline. Sandwich himself had told Pepys the previous year not to put too much reliance on the friendship of any "great man". After the Great Fire of London Sandwich downplayed the damage to the Spanish King, claiming that London's slums were the only thing in ashes. This slant on the events was also practised by England's ambassadors throughout Europe.

As Ambassador his most notable achievement was the Anglo-Spanish Commercial Treaty of 1667, which laid the foundations for a prosperous trading relationship between the two countries which lasted for over a century. He also acted as mediator in the peace negotiations between Spain and Portugal which resulted in the Treaty of Lisbon. Like all Ambassadors of the era, he found the cost of running an embassy ruinous (he had never had a good head for business) and on his return to England in the autumn of 1668 one of his first actions was to borrow money from his cousin Samuel Pepys. On his way back from Spain, he again visited Tangier to report on the condition of the garrison there.

In 1670 he escorted the King's sister Henrietta of England, Duchess of Orleans, from France to England to negotiate the Secret Treaty of Dover between her brother and Louis XIV. Of the existence of the Treaty's secret clauses, notably that by which Charles II pledged to convert to the Roman Catholic faith, Sandwich, like the general public, was quite unaware. In the same year he was appointed President of the Privy Council Committee on Foreign Plantations; he had always had a keen interest in international trade, despite his notorious inability to keep his own finances in order.

Last campaign and death
He was subsequently reappointed to a naval command, and by 1672 at the start of the Third Anglo-Dutch War, he was Vice-Admiral of the Blue with the Royal James as his flagship. At the Battle of Solebay on 28 May, his ship was attacked by a group of fire ships and was destroyed with the loss of many lives, including Sandwich himself. His body was washed ashore a week later, recognisable only from his clothing; it was unmarked and he appeared to have drowned. Sandwich opposed the war and is said to have predicted his own death. Certainly, he told his friend John Evelyn, just before he sailed, that "he would see him no more".

On Wednesday 3 July 1672 he was buried in Westminster Abbey after a state funeral that started with a procession along the River Thames of five decorated barges from Deptford. The body was landed at Westminster at about 5 pm and carried to the Abbey in a grand procession.

Sandwich and Samuel Pepys
Sandwich on his mother's side was the first cousin of John Pepys, the father of Samuel Pepys. Pepys started his career as a minor member of the Sandwich household and owed his appointments first to the Wardrobe and then as Clerk of the Acts to the Navy Board to Sandwich's influence. Pepys' diary provides a detailed primary source of Sandwich's career in the 1660s.

They had a serious quarrel in 1663, when Pepys reprimanded Sandwich for living openly with his mistress, Elizabeth Becke, at her "mean house" in Chelsea. Pepys was concerned at the damage to their family's reputation, Sandwich's neglect of his official duties (thus risking the loss of any remaining influence he had at Court) and also at the insult to Sandwich's wife, to whom Pepys was deeply attached. Following a brief estrangement, friendly relations were resumed, although the two men were probably never as close again as they had been (Pepys, for example, is not mentioned in Sandwich's last will). For Pepys to raise the issue at all took considerable courage, considering how much he owed to his patron, and his Diary shows that he was strongly tempted to let the matter lie. Even when he did raise it he chose to write rather than confront Sandwich face to face.

In 1668 Pepys was somewhat perturbed when his wife Elizabeth, during one of the violent quarrels which followed the discovery of his affair with her companion Deb Willet, told him that Sandwich had asked her to be his mistress. Since Pepys was in no doubt that she had refused, he decided to treat the matter as being closed, and friendly relations continued: Sandwich dined at their house for the first time a few months later. Pepys, on reflection, may have thought it possible that Elizabeth in her anger had invented the story to upset him, (as she undoubtedly invented the story that she was attending Roman Catholic services). Whatever their differences, Pepys in later life always remembered Sandwich, whom he called "that noble and unparalleled Lord", and his wife (who died in 1674) with affection and gratitude.

title: Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich


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Duplessis (TV series)

Duplessis was a historical television series in Quebec, Canada, that aired in 1978. It tells the story of Maurice Duplessis, the controversial premier of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to 1959. It is one of the most famous mini-series in Quebec television history. The series was written (but not directed) by Oscar-winning film director Denys Arcand, and based in large part on Conrad Black's popular biography. The series contains 7 episodes, each one containing a different historic moment in Duplessis's life and path into power. Duplessis is portrayed by Jean Lapointe. It is distributed by Radio-Canada and is available on DVD.

Cast

 * Jean Lapointe - Maurice Duplessis
 * Gabriel Arcand - Ti-Bi Chamberland
 * Rolland Bédard - Maurice Thinel
 * Roger Blay - Adélard Godbout
 * Yvon Bouchard - Maurice Hamelin
 * Jean Brousseau - Paul Gouin
 * Yvan Canuel - Mgr Georges Cabana
 * René Caron - Onésime Gagnon
 * Raymond Cloutier - Daniel Johnson
 * Gilbert Comptois - J.A. Coté
 * Pierre Curzi - Le reporter
 * Robert Desroches - S. Dufresne
 * Denis Drouin - E. Tétreault
 * Patricia Nolin : Auréa Cloutier
 * Jacques Tourangeau - Oscar Drouin
 * Marcel Sabourin - Joseph-Damase Bégin

title: Duplessis (TV series)


text:
Peace of Passau

The Peace of Passau was an attempt to resolve religious tensions in the Holy Roman Empire. After Emperor Charles V won a victory against Protestant forces in the Schmalkaldic War of 1547, he implemented the Augsburg Interim, which largely reaffirmed Roman Catholic beliefs. This angered many Protestant princes, and led by Maurice of Saxony, in January 1552 several formed an alliance with Henry II of France in the Treaty of Chambord. In return for French funding and assistance, Henry was promised lands in western Germany. In the ensuing Princes' Revolt, also known as the Second Schmalkaldic War, Charles was driven out of Germany to his ancestral lands in Austria by the Protestant alliance, while Henry captured the three Rhine Bishoprics of Metz, Verdun and Toul.

In August 1552, weary from three decades of religious civil war, Charles guaranteed Lutheran religious freedoms in the Peace of Passau. The implementation of the Augsburg Interim was cancelled. The Protestant princes taken prisoner during the Schmalkaldic War, John Frederick of Saxony and Philip of Hesse, were released. A precursor to the Peace of Augsburg of September 1555, the Peace of Passau effectively surrendered Charles V's lifelong quest for European religious unity.

In August 1552 his younger brother Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria concluded the Peace of Passau, whereby he formally accepted the Lutheran Augsburg Confession, confirmed by the emperor himself in the 1555 Peace of Augsburg.

title: Peace of Passau


text:
Talk:Hydroponic (EP)

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title: Talk:Hydroponic (EP)


text:
Avram Finkelstein

Avram Finkelstein is an American artist, writer, gay rights activist and member of the AIDS art collective Gran Fury.

Finkelstein describes himself as a "red diaper baby", raised by leftist parents who encouraged him to develop an interest in radical politics. He began by protesting against the Vietnam War in the 1960s, and has worked on many activist causes, including The Student Mobilization Committee, The Poor People's Campaign and The Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights. He was a founding member of the AIDS advocacy group ACT UP. In 1986, Finkelstein was a co-founder of the group Silence=Death Project, which created the "Silence=Death" anti-AIDS logo to combat institutional silence surrounding homophobia and HIV/AIDS, later donated to ACT UP. In 1994, in preparation for the Gay Games in New York City, he wrote a tract for ACT UP, entitled "Welcome to New York", which asked gay men and lesbians who attended the games and other festivities surrounding the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Stonewall Riots to take action to stop the AIDS epidemic.

In 2018, Finkelstein created "YOU CARE ABOUT HIV CRIMINALIZATION (YOU JUST DON’T KNOW IT YET)", a broadside and site-specific project for Visual AIDS and the 2018 New York City Pride March.

Finkelstein has covered art and culture for Artwrit, Italian Vogue, Dazed and Confused, Visionaire, Pride, Genre, Van and Dune. With Gran Fury, he collaborated on public awareness campaigns and public art projects for publications, museums and foundations including the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Venice Biennale, ArtForum, the New Museum of Contemporary Art, Creative Time and the Public Art Fund. Finkelstein has been interviewed about art, activism and communication in the public sphere by publications including The New York Times, Interview, and The Forward and has spoken at Harvard, Exit Art, Fordham, Rhode Island School of Design, Massachusetts College of Art and Design, the School of Visual Arts and City University of New York.

Finkelstein's archive can be found at the Fales Library and Special Collections at New York University.

title: Avram Finkelstein


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Alex Fraser Bridge

The Alex Fraser Bridge (also known as the Annacis Bridge) is a cable-stayed bridge over the Fraser River that connects Richmond and New Westminster with North Delta in Greater Vancouver, British Columbia. The bridge is named for Alex Fraser (1916 – 1989), a former British Columbia Minister of Transportation. The bridge was the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world when it opened on September 22, 1986, and was the longest in North America until the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge, in the U.S. state of South Carolina opened in 2005.

Overview
The Alex Fraser Bridge is 2525 m long with a main span of 465 m. The towers are 154 m tall. It consists of seven lanes, three in each direction with the middle lane acting as a reversible lane, and had a maximum speed limit of 90 km per hour until July 24, 2019, when the speed limit was lowered to 70 km/h to accommodate the additional reversible lane. Upon opening in 1986, only four of the six available lanes were open. Cyclists and pedestrians share two narrow sidewalks one on each side. All six lanes opened in 1987 after traffic demand justified the need.

The bridge's southern end is in North Delta and its northern end is on Delta's Annacis Island. Connections on its southern end lead to Blaine, Washington and to White Rock. The connections on the northern end lead into the cities of New Westminster, Richmond, and Burnaby, and on into Vancouver itself. It is a major artery in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia.

The bridge was constructed for the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and was designed by a joint venture of Klohn Crippen Berger and Buckland & Taylor (Now COWI North America). Its total cost was $58 million.

Recent history
In December 2016, the Alex Fraser Bridge along with the Port Mann Bridge dropped "ice bombs," also called "slush bombs" on vehicles causing damage to windshields. The Alex Fraser has the cables along the sides of the driving lanes where as the Port Mann has them cross over-top of the driving lanes. In addition to 2016, this also happened on the Alex Fraser in 2005, 2008, and 2012. The Alex Fraser needed to be closed a few times during December 2016 due to the possibility of ice bombs; this caused major traffic problems in the region. To combat this issue, the BC Government announced that a heavy lift helicopter will be used to blow snow and ice off the cables to prevent it from accumulating and falling onto the cars below.

An announcement was made on January 19, 2017, that a new seventh travel lane will be added on the bridge by slightly narrowing the existing lanes and removing the shoulders. A reversible lane system with movable barrier was added to help ease traffic during morning and afternoon rush hours. The new seventh lane opened to traffic on September 14, 2019, with the moveable reversible zipper in operation on December 16, 2019.

title: Alex Fraser Bridge