text:
Oranmore

Oranmore ( or Uarán Mór) is a town in County Galway, Ireland, 9 km east of Galway city on an inlet of Galway Bay. At the 2022 census, Oranmore had a population of 5,819.

Etymology
Oranmore is the anglicisation of Uarán Mór or Órán Mór. The first written record of Oranmore is in the Annals of the Four Masters. It was originally called Fuarán Mór, meaning "great spring" in Irish. This name reputedly refers to a spring or well near the village.

Pre-history
Evidence of prehistoric settlement in the Oranmore Parish area include a number of fulacht fiadh (at Frenchfort townland), ringforts (Rinn townland) and a megalithic structure (at Garraun South townland). Griffith's Valuation, a land survey completed in 1857, shows several such structures (sometimes colloquially and collectively known as fairy forts) in the area.

Medieval church ruins
The ruin of a medieval Roman Catholic church is one of the oldest buildings in Oranmore town. Its northern wall forms part of the enclosure which encompasses the church and its graveyard. The church is believed to date to the 13th century. If true, this means it was built no later than one and half century's after the initial Anglo-Norman Invasion of 1169 AD.

The existing remains measure approximately 32 feet by 72 feet, however, there is evidence that the church was larger at one time. Some grave markers in the adjoining cemetery have no discernible name or date. Other graves have been marked with pieces of the fallen church walls. The oldest grave stone, with a discernible date inscription, is a Celtic cross dated 1661. It is no longer in its original location, but is instead lying on top of another, newer stone slab.

There is a gated section within the graveyard set aside for the Presentation Sisters, an order of teaching sisters who established a convent in Oranmore in 1861. Some interments occurred within the ruined walls of the actual church.

Oranmore Castle
Oranmore Castle is a tower house which was originally associated with the Norman Clanricarde family. It was built around the 15th century, reputedly on the site of an earlier structure.

St Mary's church
Completed in 1803, St Mary's is a large church building with a bell-cote above the front door and an elaborate ceiling. In 1972, it was replaced as the local parish church with the newer, larger Church of the Immaculate Conception. St Mary's was deconsecrated and converted to become the town's public library. Its carved baptismal font was moved to the new church, but the graveyard was left intact.

Economy
The focus of industry has shifted from dairy agriculture to tourism, manufacturing and logistics. Oranmore has four hotels and 23 restaurants.

Transport
Oranmore town is near the old N6 Galway to Dublin road and the old N18 from Galway to Limerick. The M6 Motorway connects to the existing road at Doughiska, as well as connecting with the M18 at Glenascaul. The former N6 leading into Oranmore has been reclassified as the R338 regional road. The M18 motorway was officially opened on 27 September 2017 and connects to the M6 at Rathmorrissey at a three-level interchange. This road runs close to Oranmore but does not connect directly to it, and instead, motorists have to access it using the R381 at Kiltiernan or the M6 at Rathmorrissey.

Bus Éireann, Citylink, and Nestor Bus services through Oranmore serve Galway, Dublin, Cork, and Dublin and Shannon Airports.

Oranmore Aerodrome was a Royal Air Force base in World War I. It later became a civil airfield serving the city of Galway.

Rail
Oranmore railway station opened on 1 August 1851, closed on 17 June 1963. A new station was built 1.4 km west of the original station and was opened on 28 July 2013. Trains connect directly with Galway, Athenry, Athlone, Portarlington, Kildare and Dublin Heuston, as well as on the Western Rail Corridor to Ennis and Limerick.

Education
Oranmore has three primary schools, Scoil Iosaif Naofa, Scoil Mhuire and Gaelscoil de hÍde. Calasanctius College, founded in 1861 by the Presentation Sisters, is the secondary school in Oranmore.

Sport
Oranmore-Maree GAA is the local GAA club, and has won a number county titles across several age groups, including a Galway Senior Hurling Championship title in 1933 and All-Ireland Intermediate Club Hurling Championship title in 2019. The club fields teams in Gaelic football, hurling and camogie. Naomh Mhuire Ladies Football Club (Oranmore Maree) fields ladies' Gaelic football teams from under-10 to minor and junior.

Maree/Oranmore Soccer Club was founded in 1988. Galway Bay Golf Resort is located in Renvile, Oranmore, and has been named best golf resort in Connacht 10 times. Other clubs in the area include the Oranmore Badminton Club, Maree Badminton Club, Maree Basketball Club, Oranmore Judo Club and Galway Bay Sailing Club. The latter is based in Renville, Oranmore. Junior "Park Run" events are run on Sunday mornings.

People

 * Joseph Henry Blake, nobleman and socialist, grew up on a nearby estate in Treanlaur, Maree
 * Niall Burke, Galway hurler
 * Aaron Connolly, professional Premier League footballer
 * Nicola Coughlan, Irish actress who had roles in Derry Girls and Bridgerton
 * Joe Howley, a member of the Irish Volunteers who was killed in 1920 during the Irish War of Independence, is commemorated by a statue in Oranmore.
 * Bill King, round-the-world sailor and owner of Oranmore Castle.
 * Célestin Lainé, leader of the Bezen Perrot SS unit, lived in Oranmore after World War II.
 * Hildegarde Naughton, politician
 * Thomas Nicholas Redington, Irish politician, born here.

title: Oranmore


text:
Sarum

Sarum may refer to:

Places

 * either of two cities in Wiltshire, England:
 * Salisbury formerly New Sarum
 * Salisbury Cathedral
 * Old Sarum, the ruins of old Salisbury
 * Sarum (Newport, Maryland), a historic house in Newport, Maryland, United States
 * Sarum Chase, a historic house in London, England
 * Sirmaniyah or Sarmin, two villages in Syria identified as the possible birthplace of the Catholic saint John Maron

Religion

 * Salisbury Cathedral, in England
 * Sarum Rite, the major liturgical rite in England prior to the English Reformation
 * Sarum, liturgical colours used in the Sarum Rite

Other uses

 * Sarum (beetle), a genus of beetles in the family Chrysomelidae
 * Sarum (novel), a 1987 work of historical fiction
 * Sarum, a style of cassock that is double-breasted with three buttons

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sarum


text:
Talk:Belfast North (UK Parliament constituency)

Untitled
Not a safe Unionist seat in the long term (and my home constituency FWIW)! Gerry Lynch 10:00, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

BBC Error
The BBC reports here that the 2001 General Election majority for North Belfast was 11,814. This is incorrect. 80N 23:27, Apr 27, 2005 (UTC)

 * I presume someone calculated the difference between the party who previously held the seat and the new party - nominally a sensible thing to do but given the seismic shift in votes not here! It's easy to carry forward such errors. Timrollpickering 23:47, 27 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Daniel Dixon
Looking to dab Daniel Dixon elected 1905, was he the father of Herbert Dixon, 1st Baron Glentoran? I set him up as Daniel Dixon, 1st Baronet Ballymenock on the dab page (changes to that article name welcome if it ought to be something else). -- Kevin Ryde 23:05, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

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Talk:Setebos (moon)

Untitled
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [SET-e-bus]. In the Tempest CD produced by the Shakespeare Recording Society, it seems intermediate between [SE-te-bus] and [SE-te-bos]. I.e., the vowels are not reduced to schwas. kwami

title: Talk:Setebos (moon)


text:
Talk:Prospero (moon)

Untitled
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [PROS-per-o]. This is confirmed with the Shakespeare Recording Society CD of Tempest. kwami

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title: Talk:Prospero (moon)


text:
Talk:Sycorax (moon)

Untitled
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [SICK-or-aks].

Some online guides to Shakespeare have SYE-kor-aks. However, the 1964 (1996) Shakespeare Recording Society CD, with Hugh Griffith as Caliban, agrees with the RSC in having SICK-or-aks. kwami

Why does the footer say "Sycorax' group" rather than just "Sycorax"? Molinari 00:53, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Because it lists only the largest moons, and then uses two slots for the remaining rubble...er, moonlets. Sycorax is the largest of its group.
 * Urhixidur 02:15, 2005 Jan 11 (UTC)

Makes sense. But then shouldn't the article one gets when one clicks on "Sycorax' group" (or "Puck's group") give some information about the moonlets? And shouldn't it be "Sycorax's"? Cheers. Molinari 18:48, 11 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Colour
Sycorax appears light red (Retting 2001, Grav 2003, see refs for irregular satellites). When Sycorax indices have been measured they contrasted with Jupiter's neutral moons. Since then, it does not seem that Sycorax is considered exceptional anymore and KBO connection has weekened. Reference to the contrary are welcome. Eurocommuter 09:03, 19 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sycorax (moon)


text:
Talk:Trinculo (moon)

Untitled
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [TRING-kyu-lo].

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title: Talk:Trinculo (moon)


text:
Talk:Stephano (moon)

Untitled
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [STEF-a-no]. According to the Stratford Festival of Canada, STEF-ano is more common, but stef-AH-no is preferred by some actors. The Shakespeare Recording Society CD of Tempest with Alec McCowan as Stephano has STEF-a-noh.

 * In geology, at least, the OED has the adjectival form as 'Stephanian' (sti-fay'-nee-un). Doubt it will ever be needed, but there it is. kwami 2005 June 30 07:37 (UTC)

Pronunciation
I disagree that the pronunciation is STEF-a-no. I believe it must be stef-AH-no, for two reasons. First, the moon is named after the Shakespearean character, and in my experience of attending productions of The Tempest, I have never heard his name pronounced any other way. (The only evidence to the contrary is the anonymous user who posted the above note; he/she is wrong to the best of my knowledge). Second, Stephano is an Italian name, and all Italian words are stressed on the penultimate syllable. I will thus change it shortly unless anyone disagrees. The Singing Badger 23:59, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm the anonymous poster. I contacted the Royal Shakespeare Company, and they said that for the meter to scan correctly, the accent had to be on the first syllable. Lots of cases where English shifts the accent when borrowing foreign names, and I thought this was just another. I'll contact them again; maybe a different person will have a different opinion. kwami 10:07, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * That's interesting - I must admit that this does often happen in Elizabethan drama, and Elizabethans frequently mispronounced foreign names, so you may be right after all (my comments above are a bit too strongly worded now I re-read them!). Having said that, I just looked at the play quickly and as far as I can tell Stephano's name is never used in verse passages, only in prose, so meter may not be an issue for his name.
 * By the way, I just wanted to say thanks for all your excellent work on pronunciation - it's really interesting and useful. The Singing Badger 13:34, 7 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, this time the RSC referred me to the Shakespeare Institute in Birmingham, and they haven't gotten back to me. When I'd asked the first time, I'd asked about several moons, and the comment about fitting the meter may have been intended for Caleban or Setebos rather than Stephano. Unfortunately, I can't find my notes. I did hear back from the Old Globe theater in San Diego, CA, and they said it's STEF-a-no, but I'll wait until I speak to an actor or director before I change the pronunciation guide. kwami

 * I checked out a CD of Tempest put out by the Shakespeare Recording Society, CD201, 1964 (1996), directed by Peter Wood, with Michael Redgrave as Prospero and Vanessa Redgrave as Ariel. Alec McCowen played Stephano, and pronounced his own name STEF-a-noh, as did everyone else (well, with an occasional STEF-a-NOH). Setebos, however, was different from what I thought: Caliban pronounced it SE-te-bus, not -bos, but still with a full final vowel, like "omnibus". (Actually, none of its vowels were reduced to schwas. Caliban was another name where none of the vowels were reduced: KAL-i-ban.) My contact at the Old Globe had said that he'd only ever heard STEF-a-no as well, so I'll take that as confirmation and go ahead change the pronunciation guide back.

 * Well, there you go, I stand corrected. Sorry for sending you on a circular journey! The Singing Badger 12:58, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for letting me know you appreciate my contributions, Badge. I've been frustrated with what JPL/NASA puts out, and started all this a couple years ago for myself before discovering Wikipedia. I wasn't sure anyone else would care!

 * Hey no problem, it's very useful information. By the way if you go to your user page and write something (anything) there, your talk page will be activated and people will be able to leave messages for you directly; you may get more feedback on your work. Just thought I'd mention it in case you didn't know. The Singing Badger 18:14, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I went back and added both pronunciations. Here's what a director at the Stratford Festival of Canada had to say (not sure whether I should include his name or not, since this was by email and I don't know what the privacy etiquette is):

 * I believe both pronunciations are acceptable; however, in my experience STEF-ano ... is much the more common of the two. ... I don't think metrical considerations really apply. ... That said, I do find it marginally easier on the tongue to deliver a line like "O King Stephano! O peer! O worthy Stephano!" (Act IV, scene 1) with the stress on the first syllable ... [However,] I've been talking to a couple of actors here who favour "Stef-AH-no." Opinion seems to be ... divided.

 * Maybe some actors are motivated by being true to the Italian?

 * I've been neglecting a user page, but you've prodded me into making one. Lots of ideas for things I'd like to tackle, but not much that I've actually done, which is why I've been avoiding it!

 * Well, I guess the only problem with your quest to find the 'true' pronunciations of these names is that for many there may be no such thing, just different opinions. Still, at least we now have some authoritative opinions, which is very valuable. The Singing Badger 23:57, 10 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Okay, 'true pronunciation' sounded pretty silly. (I didn't actually say that, did I?) I think 'correct' language is what people actually use: I love split infinitives, singular they, and ending clauses with prepositions, and use these regularly in my formal writing. And speakers of many languages, such as Spanish, make up spelling pronunciations of originally foreign names like Pinochet and Fujimori all the time, and it works just fine: with a regular orthography, you get a recognizable result. But we have a rather unique problem with spelling pronunciations in English. As a literate society, we read thousands of words we've never heard spoken. Presumably the people who coined these words, or who first wrote them down, had a particular pronunciation in mind, but we have so many contradictory standards for orthography that the reader often has no idea what was meant. So coin a name like Ijiraq, and you'll end up with multiple guesses as to the pronunciation, like NASA's ee-jee-rak', none of them common enough to be of much use, but together enough to drown out the intended ee'-ye-rahk. Or Titania, which I'm still pronouncing like a chemical element rather than a Shakespearean character after you pointed out my mistake. I hope that the info we're compiling can help reduce the confusion, and if people object and, say, want to pronounce Ijiraq with an English J, as ij'-a-rak (for one Wikipedian, that's the Inuit they're used to), fine. But let's get a discussion going so that people know what's going on, and can make an educated decision. That's why I've been adding the Arabic originals to the star names as well as I can too. If you're faced with a dozen variant spellings, many based on misreadings and some that are hardly recognizable as the same word, it's nice to at least know where they come from before choosing one and trying to pronounce it.

 * Absolutely - this is great work. (By the way, it might amuse you to learn that I pronounced the chemical element as ti-tah'-nyum until quite recently...!) The Singing Badger 15:35, 11 Mar 2005 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Stephano (moon)


text:
Talk:Caliban (moon)

Untitled
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [KAL-a-ban].

variant pronunciation
In the Shakespeare Recording Society CD of Tempest (Peter Wood director, Hugh Griffith as Caliban), "Caliban" is usually pronounced with full vowels: kal'-i-ban. (That is, none are reduced to schwas.) However, in Caliban's lines "I had peopled else | This isle with Calibans", the vowels are reduced: kal'-ə-bənz. This is of course what you'd expect from rapid speech.

 * The only adjectival form I know of is Calibanish (kal'-i-ban-ish). Not that we really need one for a moon this obscure. kwami 2005 June 30 07:30 (UTC)

Axial tilt
Article said 98.723°. Looks bogus since even the rotation period is unknown, not to mention the ridiculous precision. Removing pending a reference. Deuar 22:47, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

Sycorax or Caliban? Caliban

 * Sycorax follows a distant orbit ...
 * Sycorax is hypothesized to be ...

It's Caliban, or not?--Xabier Cancela (talk) 20:04, 19 November 2009 (UTC)
 * My but it is by sky bottom of to copy stick. They made an article for Syco ' and resume the same nothing there in nor putting Calib ' and some figures on the place. Times they forget to change everything. Need which drop clanger! --Jean-François Clet (talk) 15:40, 27 March 2010 (UTC)
 * ??? I don't understand... 220.255.1.173 (talk) 04:53, 25 July 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Caliban (moon)


text:
Talk:Francis Crick

Francis Harry Compton Crick
Please provide a citation for the changes you just made to the Francis Crick page changing his full name from Francis Harry Compton Crick to Francis Harold Compton Crick. I can find no such reference myself. Indeed, everything that I have found, including the very first reference on the page which is for his name in the lede, says that his name is Francis Harry Compton Crick. The only variation I have found is Francis H. C. Crick which is no help. At this point, it looks to me like your changes amount to WP:OR which should be reverted on the basis of WP:NOR. In the spirit of WP:AGF I am asking you for a citation rather than just reverting the changes out of hand. Shortsword (talk) 17:21, 10 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Having not received any kind of answer from for the question posed above, I have reverted the edits Unknown Voice Actor made changing Francies Harry Compton Crick's full name. Shortsword (talk) 03:19, 13 August 2017 (UTC)

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Personal communication as source
I removed the reference below from the '1951–1953: DNA structure' section. Personal communications can't be used as sources since they aren't reliable and can't be confirmed independently.

Leschnei (talk) 18:04, 11 October 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Francis Crick


text:
Talk:Oberon (moon)

pronunciation
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [OH-ber-on]. Per Webster's, the final o can be either a full vowel or a schwa.

Assessment...?
If someone would like to I would appreciate it, since I have been working on this. Watchingeye 02:33, 22 August 2007 (UTC)

Mass
Should we be using JPLSSD's mass of 2.88 per Jacobson, R. A. 2007 "The Gravity Field of the Uranian System and the Orbits of the Uranian Satellites and Rings", BAAS 39, 453 for this article? The 1992 numbers seem kind of dated. -- Kheider (talk) 21:52, 24 December 2008 (UTC)

Planetary science vs conventional definitions of "ice"
The first paragraph states that "[Oberon] consists of approximately equal amounts of ice and rock, and is likely differentiated into a rocky core and an icy mantle". The occurences of ice here should possibly be clarified and/or linked to the relevant article, Volatiles or (Water) Ice. The later article seems to indicate that it is water ice, but I am not confident enough to make the change personally. Could someone who knows of the subject clarify? It also occurs to me that this problem may occur in other articles concerning celestial bodies. danielstrong52Buzz me 15:12, 31 August 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Oberon (moon)


text:
Talk:Umbriel (moon)

Untitled
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [UM-bree-el].

Orphaned references in Umbriel (moon)
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Umbriel (moon)'s orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "usgs": From Margaret (moon):  From Ammonia:  From Moons of Haumea:  From Carbon:  From Verona Rupes:  From Wunda (crater):

Reference named "orbit": From Callisto (moon):

From Ganymede (moon):

Reference named "Smith1986":

From Uranus:

From Climate of Uranus:

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 18:41, 26 September 2009 (UTC)

Night sky on Umbriel
Out of curiousity, I did a quick, back-of-the-envelope comparison between Uranus as seen from Umbriel and the Moon as seen from the Earth at night. If my calculations are correct (which may be a big if ;-), the half phase Uranus reflects more than five times as much solar energy as seen from Umbriel than the first quarter Moon reflects as seen from Earth. That's despite the fact that Uranus is much further from the Sun than is the Earth/Moon system; Uranus compensates with a much bigger angular area as seen from Umbriel and a higher albedo than the Moon. So the night sky on Umbriel may not be all that dark, at least when Uranus is in the sky. Probably too much like OR for this article though. :-) —RJH (talk) 20:20, 1 February 2010 (UTC)
 * It is not merely a curiosity. See and . Ruslik_ Zero  20:32, 1 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Interesting. That work reminds me a little of the Japanese image of the Shackleton (crater) made entirely from light reflected off the rim. Thanks.—RJH (talk) 22:49, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

"Leading/Trailing Hemisphere" unexplained
After doing a wiki search for either "Leading" or "Trailing" hemispheres, I am unable to find an explanation by wikipedia for these phrases, or for that matter this article- adequately explaining the definition or difference of either of these terms. It would be good to clarify the terms or more pointedly add such terms to the wikilinked article Sphere, or some appropriate area, along with a redirect for either of the terms and addition to the article Hemisphere. AnAnthro (talk) 07:21, 3 April 2011 (UTC)
 * We have an article on Tidal locking, would probably fit in there. GermanJoe (talk) 09:15, 3 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Good choice; however, this would not only mean adding to the lead of Tidal locking to incorporate both leading and trailing hemispheric planetary science jargon (as well as later references), but the rather large task of wikilinking the terms peppered throughout many natural satellite articles, such as Callisto (moon) and Thebe (moon) along with their corresponding geological features such as Masubi (volcano) and Xanadu (Titan). Dozens if not hundreds of articles would require to be wikilinked. AnAnthro (talk) 11:20, 3 April 2011 (UTC)
 * It's ca. 66 articles for "trailing hemisphere" and ca. 55 for "leading hemisphere" with a (hopefully) huge overlap between both (with Google's extended search for the exact phrase in the specific location en.wikipedia.org). Not sure, if this catches all hits, but it's a first estimate. GermanJoe (talk) 11:59, 3 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Perhaps the mundane task of wikilinking ≈121 articles could be automated, using AWB for example. I do not have experience with the program or automating edits, however. AnAnthro (talk) 12:17, 3 April 2011 (UTC)

Polygons?
The caption on the blue-colored photo of Umbriel mentions polygons, and apparently has since the photo was added to the article. However, the article itself says that the only feature type identified on the moon is craters. When I look at the photo, I see some craters that are vaguely polygonal. If these are actually polygonal (i.e. their appearance isn't an artifact of the photograph or wishful thinking) it would be good to mention something in the article, even if it's just "Umbriel has some features which are polygons. Scientists are unsure what causes these shapes", along with an appropriate referrence, of course. Wabbott9  Tell me about it....  22:16, 29 June 2011 (UTC)

External links modified (February 2018)
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Cross checking numbers for density and surface gravity
If you know the Radius, Surface Area, and Volume, and the Mass, then the density, and the surface gravity are simple calculations. Density is Mass / Volume and it is more than that listed. it should be around 1.522. The gravity is between 0.24 and 0.25.

To find the surface gravity use Radius(km) X Density (kg/m^3)/ 3,582,688 = __________ m/sec^2. 584.7 X 1522 / 3,582,688 = 0.248 393, which is between 0.24, and 0.25.98.245.216.62 (talk) 21:24, 23 October 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Umbriel (moon)


text:
Talk:Miranda (moon)

Untitled
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [mih-RAN-duh]. This is confirmed with the Shakespeare Recording Society CD. kwami

Improve it please
under so many projects' scope, yet so few about this object.. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.98.44.202 (talk) 12:46, 20 August 2010 (UTC)

Verona Rupes
Article on Verona Rupes states the height of Verona Rupes as 12miles, but this article has it at 10km. One of them probably needs fixing. BevanFindlay 11:20, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I've seen that 20 km claim somewhere, but most values are more conservative. Is there more reliable source than Guinness?--JyriL talk 10:18, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

 * A ref search gave me APOD 2005-03-15, and because it linked to Guinness I cited them.
 * I just did another search and found
 * 10km: Meech, Karen J.. Astrobiology 740: ice observing techniques. 2006-01-27,
 * 20km: U.S. Geological Survey. 2003-05-08, and
 * 20km: Birmingham, C.; N. Ricchiazzi; B. Smuda. PHYS 0133: Astronomy. 2005 (which uses this article as on 2005-10-11 as the only Verona ref).
 * So, say 10-20km and ref Meech 2006 also, or just 10? -- Jeandré, 2006-08-06t08:35z

 * Is there any value for Verona Rupes mentioned in scientific journals, like Icarus? ADS, Google Scholar, and Science Direct yield no articles mentioning the height.--JyriL talk 16:49, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

 * The original caption for the scarp image in the article says The fault may be 5 km (3 mi) high, or higher than the walls of the Grand Canyon on Earth. .--JyriL talk 16:54, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Something's wrong in the orbital data: we have: Semi-major axis 	129,390 km  Mean radius 	129,872 km - but the mean ought to be less than the semi-major value. I don't have the information to correct it. Chris C 16:48, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Hubble Telescope ability
Can the Hubble telescope see the "chevron" feature that was so strikingly visible in Voyager 2 photographs?

Since it's been 23 years since the flyby (southern summer solstice or close to it), and that's one quarter of a year, it stands to reason that right now, the planet is at southern autumnal equinox and northern vernal equinox. Nearly the entire surfaces of the planet and its moons should now be rotating in and out of view every few hours or days, depending on their rotation periods -- 1.4 to 13.4 days for the five big moons, less than a day for Uranus (which in the moons' cases would be tidally locked in synch with their orbital periods). So, by asking about Hubble and chevron, could Hubble be able to study what the flip sides of each moon look like, and whether the planet's appearance has altered with the new heating pattern?

It would be cool if NASA/Europe/other orgs were to plan and put an orbiter around the planet (perhaps named the Herschel). GBC (talk) 14:34, 31 August 2009 (UTC)
 * The angular resolution of Hubble—0.04″ translates into the linear resolution of 500 km at the distance of Uranus. The latter number exceeds the diameter of Miranda. Therefore for Hubble Miranda is just a dot in the sky. I also doubt the any future mission to Uranus will be called Herschel, as there already exists Herschel_Space_Observatory. Ruslik_ Zero 09:24, 1 September 2009 (UTC)

Geological Activity
Are we even sure that Miranda is geologically active at the moment. Tailsfan2 (talk) 01:01, 16 September 2009 (UTC)
 * Good point - the activity is probably mostly or entirely in the past, since the orbit is no longer in a resonance. WolfmanSF (talk) 07:39, 21 September 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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could be improved
This is an FA in French: when I am not quite so pressed for time I might translate it over. Double sharp (talk) 12:35, 29 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I've been meaning to get this article FA'd for ages. But the decline of the Solar System Wikiproject kinda left me in the lurch. If you would be interested in co-FA-ing with me, I'd be glad to start improvement.  Serendi pod ous  13:37, 29 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I know this is over a year old, but I may be interested in getting back to this in the near future now that most of the work on my chemistry FA projects is done... ^_^ Double sharp (talk) 14:41, 25 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a good plan. I'm certainly up for it.  Serendi pod ous  14:57, 25 July 2017 (UTC)

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Infobox image
The infobox image currently is a 3D model and not an actual image. This should be fixed. ArkHyena (talk) 01:14, 9 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Miranda (moon)


text:
Tropical geometry

In mathematics, tropical geometry is the study of polynomials and their geometric properties when addition is replaced with minimization and multiplication is replaced with ordinary addition:

 * $$x \oplus y = \min\{x, y \},$$
 * $$x \otimes y = x + y.$$

So for example, the classical polynomial $$x^3 + 2xy + y^4$$ would become $$\min\{x+x+x,\; 2+x+y,\;  y+y+y+y\}$$. Such polynomials and their solutions have important applications in optimization problems, for example the problem of optimizing departure times for a network of trains.

Tropical geometry is a variant of algebraic geometry in which polynomial graphs resemble piecewise linear meshes, and in which numbers belong to the tropical semiring instead of a field. Because classical and tropical geometry are closely related, results and methods can be converted between them. Algebraic varieties can be mapped to a tropical counterpart and, since this process still retains some geometric information about the original variety, it can be used to help prove and generalize classical results from algebraic geometry, such as the Brill–Noether theorem, using the tools of tropical geometry.

History
The basic ideas of tropical analysis were developed independently using the same notation by mathematicians working in various fields. The central ideas of tropical geometry appeared in different forms in a number of earlier works. For example, Victor Pavlovich Maslov introduced a tropical version of the process of integration. He also noticed that the Legendre transformation and solutions of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation are linear operations in the tropical sense. However, only since the late 1990s has an effort been made to consolidate the basic definitions of the theory. This was motivated by its application to enumerative algebraic geometry, with ideas from Maxim Kontsevich and works by Grigory Mikhalkin among others.

The adjective tropical was coined by French mathematicians in honor of the Hungarian-born Brazilian computer scientist Imre Simon, who wrote on the field. Jean-Éric Pin attributes the coinage to Dominique Perrin, whereas Simon himself attributes the word to Christian Choffrut.

Algebra background
Tropical geometry is based on the tropical semiring. This is defined in two ways, depending on max or min convention.

The min tropical semiring is the semiring $$(\R \cup \{+\infty\}, \oplus, \otimes)$$, with the operations:
 * $$x \oplus y = \min\{x, y \},$$
 * $$x \otimes y = x + y.$$

The operations $$\oplus$$ and $$\otimes$$ are referred to as tropical addition and tropical multiplication respectively. The identity element for $$\oplus$$ is $$+\infty$$, and the identity element for $$\otimes$$ is 0.

Similarly, the max tropical semiring is the semiring $$(\R \cup \{-\infty\}, \oplus, \otimes)$$, with operations:

 * $$x \oplus y = \max\{x, y \},$$
 * $$x \otimes y = x + y.$$

The identity element for $$\oplus$$ is $$-\infty$$, and the identity element for $$\otimes$$ is 0.

These semirings are isomorphic, under negation $$x \mapsto -x$$, and generally one of these is chosen and referred to simply as the tropical semiring. Conventions differ between authors and subfields: some use the min convention, some use the max convention.

The tropical semiring operations model how valuations behave under addition and multiplication in a valued field.

Some common valued fields encountered in tropical geometry (with min convention) are:

 * $$\Q$$ or $$\Complex$$ with the trivial valuation, $$v(a) = 0$$ for all $$a\ne 0$$.
 * $$\Q$$ or its extensions with the p-adic valuation, $$v_p(p^n a/b) = n$$ for a and b coprime to p.
 * The field of Laurent series $$\Complex(\!(t)\!)$$ (integer powers), or the field of (complex) Puiseux series $$\Complex\{\!\{t\}\!\}$$, with valuation returning the smallest exponent of t appearing in the series.

Tropical polynomials
A tropical polynomial is a function $$F\colon \R^n\to \R$$ that can be expressed as the tropical sum of a finite number of monomial terms. A monomial term is a tropical product (and/or quotient) of a constant and variables from $$X_1,\ldots, X_n$$. Thus a tropical polynomial F is the minimum of a finite collection of affine-linear functions in which the variables have integer coefficients, so it is concave, continuous, and piecewise linear.

\begin{align} F(X_1,\ldots,X_n) &= \left(C_1 \otimes X_1^{\otimes a_{11}} \otimes \cdots \otimes X_n^{\otimes a_{n1}}\right) \oplus \cdots \oplus \left(C_s \otimes X_1^{\otimes a_{1s}} \otimes \cdots \otimes X_n^{\otimes a_{ns}}\right)\\ &= \min \{C_1+a_{11}X_1+\cdots+a_{n1}X_n,\; \ldots,\; C_s+a_{1s}X_1+\cdots+a_{ns}X_n\}. \end{align} $$

Given a polynomial f in the Laurent polynomial ring $$K[x_1^{\pm 1},\ldots ,x_n^{\pm 1}]$$ where K is a valued field, the tropicalization of f, denoted $$\operatorname{Trop}(f)$$, is the tropical polynomial obtained from f by replacing multiplication and addition by their tropical counterparts and each constant in K by its valuation. That is, if
 * $$ f = \sum_{i=1}^s c_i x^{A_i} \quad \text{ with } A_1,\ldots,A_s \in \Z^n,$$

then
 * $$\operatorname{Trop}(f) = \bigoplus_{i=1}^s v(c_i) \otimes X^{\otimes A_i}. $$

The set of points where a tropical polynomial F is non-differentiable is called its associated tropical hypersurface, denoted $$\mathrm{V}(F)$$ (in analogy to the vanishing set of a polynomial). Equivalently, $$\mathrm{V}(F)$$ is the set of points where the minimum among the terms of F is achieved at least twice. When $$F = \operatorname{Trop}(f)$$ for a Laurent polynomial f, this latter characterization of $$\mathrm{V}(F)$$ reflects the fact that at any solution to $$f = 0$$, the minimum valuation of the terms of f must be achieved at least twice in order for them all to cancel.

Definitions
For X an algebraic variety in the algebraic torus $$(K^{\times})^n$$, the tropical variety of X or tropicalization of X, denoted $$\operatorname{Trop}(X)$$, is a subset of $$\R^n$$ that can be defined in several ways. The equivalence of these definitions is referred to as the Fundamental Theorem of Tropical Geometry.

Intersection of tropical hypersurfaces
Let $$\mathrm{I}(X)$$ be the ideal of Laurent polynomials that vanish on X in $$K[x_1^{\pm 1},\ldots ,x_n^{\pm 1}]$$. Define
 * $$\operatorname{Trop}(X) = \bigcap_{f \in \mathrm{I}(X)} \mathrm{V}(\operatorname{Trop}(f)) \subseteq \R^n. $$

When X is a hypersurface, its vanishing ideal $$\mathrm{I}(X)$$ is a principal ideal generated by a Laurent polynomial f, and the tropical variety $$\operatorname{Trop}(X)$$ is precisely the tropical hypersurface $$\mathrm{V}(\operatorname{Trop}(f))$$.

Every tropical variety is the intersection of a finite number of tropical hypersurfaces. A finite set of polynomials $$\{f_1,\ldots,f_r\}\subseteq \mathrm{I}(X)$$ is called a tropical basis for X if $$\operatorname{Trop}(X)$$ is the intersection of the tropical hypersurfaces of $$\operatorname{Trop}(f_1),\ldots,\operatorname{Trop}(f_r)$$. In general, a generating set of $$\mathrm{I}(X)$$ is not sufficient to form a tropical basis. The intersection of a finite number of a tropical hypersurfaces is called a tropical prevariety and in general is not a tropical variety.

Initial ideals
Choosing a vector $$\mathbf{w}$$ in $$\R^n$$ defines a map from the monomial terms of $$K[x_1^{\pm 1},\ldots ,x_n^{\pm 1}]$$ to $$\R$$ by sending the term m to $$\operatorname{Trop}(m)(\mathbf{w})$$. For a Laurent polynomial $$f = m_1 + \cdots + m_s$$, define the initial form of f to be the sum of the terms $$m_i$$ of f for which $$\operatorname{Trop}(m_i)(\mathbf{w})$$ is minimal. For the ideal $$\mathrm{I}(X)$$, define its initial ideal with respect to $$\mathbf{w}$$ to be
 * $$\operatorname{in}_{\mathbf{w}}\mathrm{I}(X) = (\operatorname{in}_{\mathbf{w}}(f) : f \in \mathrm{I}(X)).$$

Then define
 * $$\operatorname{Trop}(X) = \{\mathbf{w} \in \R^n : \operatorname{in}_{\mathbf{w}}\mathrm{I}(X) \neq (1)\}. $$

Since we are working in the Laurent ring, this is the same as the set of weight vectors for which $$\operatorname{in}_{\mathbf{w}}\mathrm{I}(X)$$ does not contain a monomial.

When K has trivial valuation, $$\operatorname{in}_{\mathbf{w}}\mathrm{I}(X)$$ is precisely the initial ideal of $$\mathrm{I}(X)$$ with respect to the monomial order given by a weight vector $$\mathbf{w}$$. It follows that $$\operatorname{Trop}(X)$$ is a subfan of the Gröbner fan of $$\mathrm{I}(X)$$.

Image of the valuation map
Suppose that X is a variety over a field K with valuation v whose image is dense in $$\R$$ (for example a field of Puiseux series). By acting coordinate-wise, v defines a map from the algebraic torus $$(K^{\times})^n$$ to $$\R^n$$. Then define
 * $$\operatorname{Trop}(X) = \overline{\{(v(x_1),\ldots,v(x_n)) : (x_1,\ldots,x_n) \in X \}}, $$

where the overline indicates the closure in the Euclidean topology. If the valuation of K is not dense in $$\R$$, then the above definition can be adapted by extending scalars to larger field which does have a dense valuation.

This definition shows that $$\operatorname{Trop}(X)$$ is the non-Archimedean amoeba over an algebraically closed non-Archimedean field K.

If X is a variety over $$\Complex$$, $$\operatorname{Trop}(X)$$ can be considered as the limiting object of the amoeba $$\operatorname{Log}_t(X)$$ as the base t of the logarithm map goes to infinity.

Polyhedral complex
The following characterization describes tropical varieties intrinsically without reference to algebraic varieties and tropicalization. A set V in $$\R^n$$ is an irreducible tropical variety if it is the support of a weighted polyhedral complex of pure dimension d that satisfies the zero-tension condition and is connected in codimension one. When d is one, the zero-tension condition means that around each vertex, the weighted-sum of the out-going directions of edges equals zero. For higher dimension, sums are taken instead around each cell of dimension $$d-1$$ after quotienting out the affine span of the cell. The property that V is connected in codimension one means for any two points lying on dimension d cells, there is a path connecting them that does not pass through any cells of dimension less than $$d-1$$.

Tropical curves
The study of tropical curves (tropical varieties of dimension one) is particularly well developed and is strongly related to graph theory. For instance, the theory of divisors of tropical curves are related to chip-firing games on graphs associated to the tropical curves.

Many classical theorems of algebraic geometry have counterparts in tropical geometry, including:

 * Pappus's hexagon theorem.
 * Bézout's theorem.
 * The degree-genus formula.
 * The Riemann–Roch theorem.
 * The group law of the cubics.

Oleg Viro used tropical curves to classify real curves of degree 7 in the plane up to isotopy. His method of patchworking gives a procedure to build a real curve of a given isotopy class from its tropical curve.

Applications
A tropical line appeared in Paul Klemperer's design of auctions used by the Bank of England during the financial crisis in 2007. Yoshinori Shiozawa defined subtropical algebra as max-times or min-times semiring (instead of max-plus and min-plus). He found that Ricardian trade theory (international trade without input trade) can be interpreted as subtropical convex algebra. Tropical geometry has also been used for analyzing the complexity of feedforward neural networks with ReLU activation. Moreover, several optimization problems arising for instance in job scheduling, location analysis, transportation networks, decision making and discrete event dynamical systems can be formulated and solved in the framework of tropical geometry. A tropical counterpart of the Abel–Jacobi map can be applied to a crystal design. The weights in a weighted finite-state transducer are often required to be a tropical semiring. Tropical geometry can show self-organized criticality.

title: Tropical geometry


text:
Talk:Rosalind (moon)

Pronunciation
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced either [ROZ-a-lind] or [ROZE-a-lind].

title: Talk:Rosalind (moon)


text:
Talk:Portia (moon)

Untitled
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [POR-shuh].

The OED has the same, as well as the adjectival form 'Portian' (por'-shun). kwami 2005 June 30 06:58 (UTC)

Origin of Name
According to the article, Portia is named after a character in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. The reference given for this piece of information is a link to the USGS Astrogeology's Gazetteer of planetary names, etc. But on the linked page, it says that Portia is named after the Wife of Brutus in Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar"! Eroica (talk) 15:38, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Portia (moon)


text:
User talk:Andrewlunch

I have a keen interest in history, geography, politics, economics and biotechnology. I enjoy the beauty of the Earth and our evolution on it. I enjoy computing and computer software and all forms of advanced technology.

My main love is my wife and the children I want to have.

I care dearly for a peaceful world and a world free from disease.

I believe that a disease free world can be achieved.

title: User talk:Andrewlunch


text:
North Down (UK Parliament constituency)

North Down is a parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom House of Commons. The current MP is Alex Easton, elected at the 2024 United Kingdom general election.

Stephen Farry was elected to the position in the 2019 general election, replacing the incumbent Sylvia Hermon. Hermon had held the position since being elected to it in the 2001 general election, but chose not to contest in 2019.

Constituency profile
North Down covers the north coast of the Ards Peninsula including Bangor which has several Alliance councillors. Historically a unionist area, North Down is currently represented by Alex Easton

Boundaries
1885–1918: The baronies of Castlereagh Lower, Lower Ards, and Upper Ards, that part of the barony of Castlereagh Upper in the parishes of Comber and Knockbreda, and that part of the parliamentary borough of Belfast lying in County Down.

1918-1922: The Urban Districts of Bangor, Donaghadee and Newtownards, and that part of the Rural District of Newtownards not contained within the Mid Down division.

1950–1974: The Boroughs of Bangor and Newtownards, the Urban Districts of Donaghadee and Holywood, and the Rural Districts of Castlereagh, Hillsborough, and Newtownards.

1974–1983: The Boroughs of Bangor and Newtownards, the Urban Districts of Donaghadee and Holywood, the Rural District of North Down, in the Rural District of Castlereagh the district electoral divisions of Ballycultra, Craigavad, and Holywood Rural, and in the Rural District of Hillsborough the district electoral divisions of Annahilt, Ballykeel, Ballymacbrennan, Ballyskeagh, Ballyworfy, Blaris, Carryduff, Dromara, Drumbo, Glassdrumman, Hillsborough, Maze, Ouley, and Saintfield.

1983–1997: The District of North Down, and the District of Castlereagh wards of Ballyhanwood, Carrowreagh, Dundonald, Enler, Gilnahirk, and Tullycarnet.

1997–present: The District of North Down, and the District of Ards wards of Donaghadee North, Donaghadee South, and Millisle.

The county constituency was first created in 1885 from the northern part of Down. From the dissolution of Parliament in 1922, it was merged back into that constituency.

The seat was re-created in 1950 when the old two MP Down constituency was abolished as part of the move to single member seats. Originally the seat consisted of most of the northern parts of County Down, with the south included in South Down. In January 1980, the Boundary Commission's original proposals suggested significantly reducing the size of the constituency and renaming it 'Loughside' on the grounds that this would avoid confusion in the event of borough council elections being held on the same day. As a result, in 1983 the seat was radically cut down as part of an expansion of Northern Ireland's constituencies from 12 to 17, although the name remained unaltered. Significant parts of the constituency were transferred to the new Strangford constituency. In boundary changes proposed by a review in 1995, the seat exchanged territory with Strangford, losing the Dundonald area from Castlereagh and gaining a part of Ards.

The seat now contains the entirety of North Down district as well as Donaghadee and Millisle in Ards.

In 2005, the Boundary Commission published provisional recommendations for modifying the boundaries of constituencies in Northern Ireland. No changes were proposed for North Down. This proved acceptable at the public enquiries and the Assistant Commissioner also recommended no change to the constituency meaning that the constituency is to remain unchanged.

1885 to 1922
The constituency was a strongly unionist area being held by the Irish Unionist Party. Neither the Nationalist Party or Sinn Féin contested the seat in 1918.

The First Dáil
Sinn Féin contested the general election of 1918 on the platform that instead of taking up any seats they won in the Imperial Parliament, they would establish a revolutionary assembly in Dublin. In 1921 Sinn Féin decided to use the UK authorised elections for the Northern Ireland House of Commons and the House of Commons of Southern Ireland as a poll for the Irish Republic's Second Dáil. The constituency was incorporated into the eight-member constituency of Down, and saw the President of Dáil Éireann, Éamon de Valera, elected there. The constituency also elected the first Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, Sir James Craig, to the Parliament of Northern Ireland.

1950 to present
North Down is one of the most overwhelmingly unionist parts of Northern Ireland, with nationalist parties routinely getting no more than 5% of the vote, if that. In the 1955 election George Currie, the Ulster Unionist candidate, gained 96.8% of the popular vote, which he "bettered" in 1959 with some 98%. These shares of the popular votes are the highest ever achieved in a United Kingdom general election (post 1832 Reform). However it has arguably the most volatile and unpredictable politics of the entire province. Whereas elsewhere there are effectively three fundamental battles fought in elections – between the Ulster Unionist Party and the Democratic Unionist Party to be the leading unionist party, between the Social Democratic and Labour Party and Sinn Féin to be the leading nationalist party, and between unionism and nationalism as a whole, North Down is different. The lack of any substantial nationalist vote renders the last two battles immaterial. Of Northern Ireland's five main parties, only the Ulster Unionist Party and the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland have historically had a significant organisation and support in the constituency, though the Democratic Unionist Party has recently started to gain a foothold where previously it was nearly non-existent.

In addition the constituency has seen many substantial votes for smaller party groupings and individuals. The Ulster Popular Unionist Party, the Conservative Party, the UK Unionist Party and the Northern Ireland Women's Coalition have all polled substantially in the last fifteen years, whilst in local council elections many independent candidates gain sufficient votes to be elected. The area is the heartland of numerous "one-man parties", of which the Ulster Popular Unionist Party and the UK Unionist Party are the best known but far from the only ones. There have been many examples of elected individuals changing party allegiance and often successfully defending their seats for the new party.

The constituency is the most prosperous in Northern Ireland and is widely considered to be the most similar to an English constituency. In part because of this the seat was the heartland of the Equal Citizenship campaign in the late 1980s which argued that political parties in Britain should organise and contest elections in Northern Ireland, in the hope that this would "normalise" the politics of the province. The Conservative Party established itself (having in earlier years been in alliance with the Ulster Unionist Party until a breakdown in relations in the 1970s) and to date has been relatively strongest in North Down though in recent years its vote has declined heavily from the brief surge in the elections held between 1989 and 1992.

Traditionally levels of turnout in elections are very low by Northern Ireland standards, possibly because the lack of a serious threat of a nationalist victory removes the impetus to vote common among unionists elsewhere in the province. The one significant exception to the levels of turnout was the 1998 referendum on the Good Friday Agreement where turnout reached 80%, a total not come close to since 1921.

The parliamentary constituency was original held by the Ulster Unionist Party with no serious opposition. In 1970 James Kilfedder was first elected and he proceeded to accumulate a high level of personal popularity in the constituency. In 1977 he left the Ulster Unionists in protest over their increasing support for Enoch Powell's proposed policy of integration for Northern Ireland, rather than the restoration of devolved government. Standing as an independent Unionist, Kilfedder successfully defended his seat against a UUP challenge in the 1979 general election. The following year he formed the Ulster Popular Unionist Party, with a few local councillors being elected on the label.

Kilfedder continued to hold his seat. Then in the 1987 general election he agreed an electoral pact with the Ulster Unionists and the Democratic Unionist Party to form a united opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. However the local UUP candidate, Robert McCartney, was opposed to this pact and refused to withdraw. He was expelled from the UUP and so stood as a "Real Unionist" on a platform of complete integration for the province. Kilfedder retained the seat but with a reduced majority. As part of his platform for integration, McCartney had called for the major UK parties to organise and stand in the province and his result gave impetus to this campaign.

The Conservative Party did very well in the 1989 local elections for North Down Borough Council when they became the largest party. They stood candidates in several Northern Ireland constituencies in the 1992 general election, but their strongest prospect was expected to be North Down. Kilfedder by this stage was taking the Conservative whip at Westminster and so was aggrieved by this (and subsequently given a knighthood). In the event the result was similar to 1987, with the Conservatives getting a similar vote to McCartney.

Kilfedder died in 1995 and his loose Ulster Popular Unionist Party faded away even before the resulting by-election. By this time the Northern Ireland Conservatives had collapsed heavily and so there was much speculation about how the by-election would go. The Ulster Unionist Party were hopeful that they could retake the seat, but McCartney also stood, this time as a "UK Unionist" with the support of the Democratic Unionist Party. No candidate stood for the Popular Unionists or any nationalist party. There was a poor turnout in which McCartney won, with the Conservative vote collapsing from 32% to 2.1%.

McCartney further established his UK Unionist Party and sought to challenge the existing unionist parties by offering a less sectarian alternative. He held his seat in the 1997 election and was also elected to both the Northern Ireland Peace Forum in 1996 and the Northern Ireland Assembly in 1998, though on each occasion he was the only UK Unionist elected from North Down. In the 1998 Assembly election the Ulster Unionists had their strongest result in the province and there was much speculation that they could unseat McCartney at the next general election.

A rather public row erupted over the selection of the UUP's candidate. Initially the local assembly member Peter Weir was selected, but his opposition to the Good Friday Agreement and David Trimble's leadership became very prominent and a running source of embarrassment to the party. Then Weir was deselected and the new candidate selected, Sylvia Hermon, was supportive of both Trimble and the Agreement. Hermon, aided by the Alliance standing aside, won the seat.

Weir remained as an Assembly member but subsequently defected to the Democratic Unionist Party. In the 2003 Assembly election Weir successfully defended his seat for the DUP, who also gained another MLA from the Northern Ireland Women's Coalition. In the 2005 general election the party battle was altered somewhat by the DUP running Weir, the Alliance putting up a candidate and McCartney, after some speculation, deciding not to stand but to instead endorse Weir. In a strong contest Hermon retained the seat, to become the only Ulster Unionist MP at the time, though she later left that party. She retained her seat at the 2010 election as an independent with the second-biggest margin of any Northern Irish MP (behind Gerry Adams in Belfast West) and was re-elected at the 2015 and 2017 elections, although her majority was considerably reduced.

Hermon retired at the 2019 election. The bulk of her support shifted to the Alliance, and a split unionist vote allowed Alliance candidate Stephen Farry to capture the seat, becoming the Alliance's only MP.

Members of Parliament
The Member of Parliament since the 2024 general election is Alex Easton (Independent).

Elections in the 2010s
Sylvia Hermon resigned the UUP whip in 2010, in protest against that party's electoral pact with the NI Conservatives to form UCU-NF.

Elections in the 1990s
The figures and result are compared to the 1992 general election, not the 1995 by-election.

Elections in the 1980s
In 1980 Kilfedder formed the small Ulster Popular Unionist Party and contested all subsequent elections under this label.

Elections in the 1970s
Kilfedder left the Ulster Unionists in 1977, in opposition to Enoch Powell's proposals for integration instead of devolution for Northern Ireland, and defended his seat as an Independent Ulster Unionist. The new Ulster Unionist candidate was Clifford Smyth, who had previously been a Democratic Unionist Party assembly member in North Antrim.

title: North Down (UK Parliament constituency)


text:
Talk:Cressida (moon)

Untitled
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [KRESS-i-duh].

title: Talk:Cressida (moon)


text:
Talk:Bianca (moon)

Untitled
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [bee-ANG-kuh].

title: Talk:Bianca (moon)


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Moonbat

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposed deletion of the article below. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review).  No further edits should be made to this page.

The result of the debate was no consensus, keep. Flcelloguy | A note? | Desk 22:16, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

Moonbat
dicdef and / or neoligism. --Ianb 10:10, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Dictdef, but not a neologism. It's a derived dictdef from an external site.  Looks nice, but I suspect it's not ours. Geogre 13:15, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef. -- Cyrius|✎ 00:06, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. How is that not a neologism?  The term was coined by some random blogger and there's no consistency of usage in a google search.  The so-called "barking moonbat early warning system" is just a political weblog at www.barking-moonbat.com.  --Ardonik 08:21, Jul 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * Point of information: "barking moonbat" is a pejorative that goes back to a British comedian of the 1960's or 1970's.  In other words, it's not a neologism anymore.  It was a reference to a loony.  That doesn't mean that its worthwhile, but the term goes back a ways in British slang. Geogre 13:13, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I honestly did not know that. Maybe we should start a section on slang in British English and add that information there?  --Ardonik 17:03, Jul 31, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Dic Def'. Obscure term used by a few bloggers.--JK the unwise 12:15, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete dicdef/neologism. Frankly, I thought it was useful to be able to look it up here, at a trusted site.  When it comes to neologisms, this site has the credibility I look for when seeking the definition or usage for a particular neologism.  But if we're going to respect the policy that other, wiser people set, we should delete this entry.  So sad....   wikidyermaker 04:13, 28 July 2005 (UTC).

 * Do not delete! It is used by some of the most widely-read conservative blogs around, and I think I've even seen it used in Wall Street Journal articles at this point. Deleting "moonbat" should immediately imply deleting "wingnut", since they are equivalent insults for the opposite sides of the political spectrum. (Annon user: 157.253.57.75)

 * Sorry I'm new here. I didn't even know there was an issue on the term.  It is used nonstop on the radio to mean "flaming lib[eral]".  I have never heard the term "Idiotarian"; I think that line should read "...Feminazi and Flaming Lib" to be accurate.  And the clause should have "but", not "and".

 * Google result seem pretty consistent to me. Flaming Lib.  It is an exact synonym.  Before we heard "moonbat", we were all using "flaming lib" as the default term.

 * PS to the prior poster: "wingnut" carries no political meaning. It just means a nut.  Someone "far out" ("in an -ism"), similar to the original definition of "moonbat" listed here.  That said, that definition is OLD - moonbat definited means "flaming lib" in 99.9% of all references you hear these days.  To apply it to any ole extremist would be like claiming that "Feminazi" could be similar ambiguous. (Annon User: 66.6.190.33)

 * I agree - not at all obscure now.

 * Should reword, something along the lines of " 'extremist (of any persuasion)' when coined, but almost entirely used for 'Left extremist' now; cf "flaming lib", "peacenik" or in some cases "hippie" or "moon child".(Annon User:66.6.187.116)
 * Please sign your votes with 4 tiles like this ~ .--JK the unwise 07:39, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. TFox, 2005-08-22

 * Keep. Jebur 17:22, 6 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Keep. People will run across this term and, wondering what it is, will turn to Wikipedia. If must delete, then at least merge into George Monbiot. However, this term has enough content (about origin) and enough references to justify being a separate article now. WpZurp 20:26, 8 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Weak keep. It is largely a dicdef but it has potential, and it would unbalance (and render POV) the George Monbiot article to merge it there. I think the article could be a lot better written though. David | Talk 09:32, 10 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I think if this article is deleted, then the political definition on the wingnut page also must be deleted. -- Temtem 02:56, August 11, 2005 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia is not necessarily consistent: deleting one page is not a precedent for deleting another page of similar providence. David | Talk 08:18, 11 August 2005 (UTC)

 * If the arguements against the inclusion of "moonbat" are equally applicable to "wingnut," how can one be kept and the other be deleted while maintaining neutrality? I understand that not all the arguments for deletion of one term might apply to deletion of another, but when they do, how can we not consider the articles together? -- Temtem 02:31, August 12, 2005 (UTC)

Perhaps I can quote to you this paragraph from WP:POINT (I don't mean to imply that you are intent on disrupting Wikipedia to illustrate a point, just that this particular policy is explained well there):

''* Implementation of deletion policy is not consistently applied to marginally suitable articles. The vote-based nature of the deletion process results in decisions affected by the mix of people following Votes for deletion during any given week. Consequently, some articles that are deleted are arguably more meritorious than others that have been kept. Since marginally useful articles are indeed of marginal value, this doesn't create a practical problem.''

You are quite welcome to nominate Wingnut for deletion if you think it unencyclopaedic. David | Talk 10:47, 12 August 2005 (UTC)

'
 * Keep. I am not a native english speaker; I came across the term in a blog, went to Wikipedia to find out what it meant, and found out. Thats all that I needed. The article does the job without noticeable bias, why delete it? The hint that Moonbat is being used as an insult on liberals was important for my understanding of the text, otherwise I would've thought of a connection to the "Moon (Washington) Times", which would've been confusing. (Annon User:68.149.130.94)
 * Keep. This is in use enough that I came here to look for it and found it pending deletion. The definition appears pretty useful and I disagree with the notion above that it is a term applying strictly to "Flaming Libs."  In the context I read the term it literally was someone who had foresaken sanity in order to maintain their status quo.  Not a dicdef because it has a story behind it that is still developing.  Possibly a neologism, but a well established one at this time (remember "laser, black hole, and anime are still considered neologisms). Neospooky 11:03, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Delete. The article is simply trying to overstate the usage of the term in order to give publicity to the few blogs that use it. Look at the external links. The first site linked is the blog of a furiously racist Judeo-Christian supremacist. The article is just here to give those blogs publicity. This article vastly overstates the word's use in common discourse ("but now the term enjoys great currency") when in actuallity the word is only used by a few bloggers. If you needed to find the definition of this obscure slang word, you could have used the Urban Dictionary. Wikipedia articles should not be used to define obscure slang words and promote blogs. (Anon User:68.12.128.91)
 * Keep. If there is an arguement on the proper definition of the word then lets hash it out but to remove it completely, even if it is "only used by bloggers" smacks of hypocracy.  Especially with the "wingnut" entry being left unmolested.  It's not derogitory, inflamitory and attacks no one person or group specifically.  That is to say, "PETA is full of moonbats."  It's a word in common usage with a substancial subsect of people and should stay.  (Annon User:68.43.205.138)
 * Keep. Smoth_007
 * Keep. I'd hate to see this disappear completely. There are opinions floating that this is a term that has little real usage and was merely defined as a means to propagate the term. If so, it seems to have been successful. I came here for the definition because I came across its extensive usage in questions on an eBay auction.68.99.134.118 01:37, 22 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. as per WpZurp above. --Smwpu85 17:25, 23 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I've seen this term mentioned enough that it deserves a link, but I think that the links to the blogs on the bottom of the page should be deleted. This is because, while the wikipedia article as it stands is objectively written, at the moment it is advertising a number of extremely politically biased blogs, most of which have little to do with the subject matter at hand anyway.
 * Keep, Cleanup. The term is diffused into the wider culture, employed by prominent media personalities. The article should be cleaned up, and the external links which are off-topic could be removed. The "Samizdata" link would be better if it pointed to their glossary entry for Moonbat instead of their home page. Likewise, the "Virtual Moonbat" link should stay, since it's a link to a page pertinent to the term, not a link to the blog itself. (By way of full disclosure, that blog is my own.) The other links seem off-topic to me, or at least too broad in scope, since they are not about the term Moonbat. (Sean Gleeson) 68.12.79.249 13:29, 24 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Keep. I have family that barely use the internet, and only watch CBS/ABC/NBC News and local news.  They know the term Moonbat, then the term has spread to more than just a 'few websites.'
 * Keep. Many terms are not complimentary. Ludite comes to mind. Holy-Roller, Know-nothings, etc. Wikipedia should not cave in to any form of derogatory term, but some oversight is useful. Really bad stuff should be eliminated.

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page (such as the article's talk page or in a deletion review). No further edits should be made to this page.

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Moonbat


text:
Talk:Ophelia (moon)

Untitled
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [o-FEEL-ee-uh].

The OED has the adj. form 'Ophelian', o-fee'-lee-un, with the initial o varying in pronuniation (full oe, short o, or schwa). kwami 2005 June 30 06:53 (UTC)

?
Someone mentioned a citation needed for the moons decaying orbit. The rotation of Uranus is 0.71833 days and the orbital period of Ophelia is 0.37641 days. Tidal forces will decay all such orbits around any planet. Is a citation really needed? 70.32.125.72 06:59, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Good point - added a note. Should be sufficient I think. Deuar 22:31, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Hmmmm. Do you really think the reader will be impressed by the explanation using tidal bulge raised on Neptune by a 50 km satellite? And where’s the bulge raised by a bit more substantial Miranda? Hey, Wikipedia articles do not have Murray & Dermott Solar System Dynamics as a prerequisite I believe (it could be quoted BTW). Eurocommuter 15:21, 14 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi, well, the tidal acceleration article could use some more elaboration on this issue (By the way I presume that indeed, the miniscule bulge due to Ophelia is responsible, since the effect of the other moons should average out to zero over sufficiently long timescales unless Ophelia is resonant with one of them − please correct me if I'm wrong!) Quoting the textbook might be a better strategy than the wikilink, although a possible downside is that it's not online. Feel free to change it if you think that'd be better, i'm not familiar with that book although the title sounds like it should be enlightening. Deuar 15:24, 15 September 2006 (UTC)
 * I do not really question that Ophelia is spiralling down, it’s simply that the explanation in the tidal acceleration feels a bit unconvincing to me. A nice simple isolated case (Phobos/Mars) is one thing; a complex system with bigger players could be another.
 * You’re right, some online resource/paper would be nice. I’m a bit familiar with the book since I’ve noticed that it is the most quoted in TNO/irregular papers when the author starts with some celestial mechanics equations. But, so far I steered far away from tide-related stuff (brrrr …). Eurocommuter 15:44, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ophelia (moon)


text:
Talk:Cordelia (moon)

Untitled
According to The Royal Shakespeare Company, this is pronounced [kor-DEE-lee-uh].

Decaying
From the article:

 * Cordelia's orbit is within Uranus' synchronous orbit radius, and is therefore slowly decaying due to tidal forces.

Does this mean that the Cordelia's orbit is decaying, or is this actually supposed to refer to Cordelia itself? -- Schnee 01:02, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * I think it's referring to Cordelia's orbit. When a moon is inside the synchronous orbit radius, it's moving faster than the tidal bulge its gravity raises on the surface of the planet it's orbiting so it's always a little bit ahead of it. The gravity of the bulge's mass pulls "back" on the moon, dropping it into a lower orbit. That's how I understand the situation, anyway. Bryan 04:29, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Pretty obvious, I would say. The subject of the sentence is "Cordelia's orbit", isn't it? As for the mechanics, don't forget the other bulge --which tends to speed up the satellite, but whose influence is lesser because its on the other side of the primary.

 * Urhixidur 03:55, 2004 Oct 28 (UTC)

 * Heh. I was just going to mention that I'd added discussion of this to Orbit and ask you to take a look, but I see you've already cleaned it up. Thanks. :) Bryan 05:39, 28 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Anyoune know how is the synchronous orbit radius mentioned in the article is calculated, or what its value is? Deuar 21:44, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

epsilon shepherd?
This article states that Cordelia is the inner shepherd of the epsilon ring. However, according to the table at Rings of Uranus, it is actually inside 1986 U1R, not the epsilon ring. Are those distances off, or does this article need to be corrected? kwami 20:16, 22 December 2005 (UTC)

Rotation
The article says it is synchronous. Has someone actually measured this with lightcurves or somehow, or is it assumed? Is it so close to Uranus that the assumption is almost certain? I wonder the same for the remaining inner Uranus moons out to Mab. Deuar 21:42, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

The moon's rotation has not been measured, but has to be synchronous, as moons at a farther distance from Uranus (i.e. Umbriel, Titania, Oberon, etc.) orbit synchronously. Jacob S-589 (talk) 15:28, 28 February 2015 (UTC)

Roche limit
Cordelia is mentioned in Roche limit. The proximity of Cordelia to its limit could be mentioned on this page. JDAWiseman (talk) 12:16, 27 November 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cordelia (moon)


text:
User talk:80.185.123.9

Hey, I just wanted to stop by and say hello. I noticed you starting pages on some astronomical stuff. Firstly, thank you! It's always nice to have more information, especially from new users. One thing though, is that it seems you are using babelfish translations of german wikipedia articles. These wind up being clunky, and hard to understand, often not translating items correctly. If there is some way you can translate them directly to english, or otherwise help with that, it would be great. Sadly, my german is not good enough to fix them! Nevertheless welcome! Lyellin 10:11, Jul 30, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:80.185.123.9