text:
Tarabish

Tarabish, also known by its slang term bish, is a Canadian trick-taking card game of complex rules derived from belote, a game of the Jass family. The name is pronounced "tar-bish", despite the spelling. It is played primarily by the people of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, in Canada, where, according to one source, it was brought in 1901 by a Lebanese immigrant George Shebib. On the other hand, following comprehensive research Kennedy (1996) states that opinions as to its origin vary and that no "definitive roots may ever be determined."

Object
The game is over when one or both teams accumulate 500 points or more. Points are counted at the end of each hand and both teams always count their points. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins.

The deck
A tarabish deck consists of a normal English pattern deck of playing cards with the 2 through 5 of each suit removed. In preparation for the hand the dealer shuffles the cards in the usual manner. When finished the person to the right of the dealer cuts the cards. The cutter must leave at least four cards in each portion of the deck. Once the cards have been cut, no further shuffling is allowed. Bespoke tarabish packs were produced by Ocean of Sydney, Nova Scotia in the 1970s. These contained 40 cards (6–A in each suit) together with a rules leaflet.

The 36 tarabish cards are dealt in groups of three beginning with eldest hand (the player to the left of the dealer) and proceeding clockwise until all the cards are dealt. The four players look at their first six cards; the last three, called the kitty, remain face down until after the auction is over and a trump suit has been chosen.

Cards value
In the plain suits, cards rank and score in the standard ace–ten order; in the trump suit the Jack and Nine are promoted above the ace to become the highest two cards with correspondingly higher card point values.

The bid
There is an auction to determine the trump suit for the hand. Eldest hand opens the bidding to choose the trump suit. If eldest passes, the decision passes to the next person and so on. In the most popular variation, if the bid reaches the dealer, the dealer is forced to choose a trump suit. The less popular variation allows the dealer to pass in which case the hand is complete and the deal passes to the next player.

The team that 'goes' must accumulate more than half of the points for that hand. If they get fewer than half, it is a 'bait' or 'bate' and their points go to their opponents. If they get exactly half the points it is a 'half-bait' in which case they score zero while their opponents of course get to score their own points.

The play
Play begins with eldest hand and proceeds clockwise until each player has played a card. Each player must follow suit by playing a card of the same suit as the first card of each trick. A player who does not have a card of the same suit must play a trump if able. Lacking both, a player may play any card. Players must always head the trick if possible, i.e. on playing a trump they must overtrump any trumps already played. The person who played the highest card to the trick collects the cards and leads to the next trick.

It is important collect tricks neatly as they may need to be referred to in the event of a misplay. Completed tricks must be kept face down. A player may suspend play at any time and ask to see the last completed trick but none before it. Once a trick is turned over it is considered complete.

Misplay
Failure to comply with the aforegoing rules is called a 'misplay (or reneg)'. A player who suspects someone has 'misplayed (re-negged)' may stop the hand by verbally saying 'misplay (or reneg)'. It is verified by examining the over-turned tricks and identifying the trick where the misplay is believed to have occurred.

If a team is successful in proving the 'misplay', that team then receives all points from the hand that the 'misplay' occurred in. However, if they wrongly announce a 'misplay', the opponents receive all the points for that hand.

As an example, suppose the king of trumps is played and the second player plays a 6 of trumps to the trick. If later, the second player plays the 9 of trumps, an observant tarabish player will realize that someone did not 'play to beat' the 'trump king' during the opening trick. It's at this time the observant player can then call a "misplay' (also referred to as 'renegging').

At any time a player may throw his cards and forfeit the points that have been played.

Scoring
Upon completion of each hand, teams count the points in their winning tricks to determine the scores. Base score for a hand is 162 points, before any runs or "Bella" is counted. This is derived from 62 points in trump values, 90 points in non trump values, and 10 points for taking the last trick.

The calling team must be able to score at least one more than half the points available (82 by default), otherwise all points are awarded to the opposition. This is known as "going bait".

The highest possible score for a team in 1 hand is 282 (2 "50's" and Bella) since only the highest straight is counted, but a single player can have more than 1 straight if their hand contains the highest straight among players.

Runs
There are two types of runs. Runs in Tarabish are according to the customary card rank as in Poker (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, J, Q, K, A). So the three best trumps (J, 9, A) do not make a run.

 * A twenty is a run of three cards in a row of the same suit. (e.g. 6, 7, 8 of hearts or 9, 10, J of clubs)
 * A fifty is a run similar to a twenty however it is a run of four cards in a row. If a player happen to have 5 or 6 cards in a row it is still just a fifty and the extra cards are in no way significant when comparing to other runs.
 * A player with a run must announce to the other players that they have a run before they play their first card. A player must show his or her run immediately before playing their second card.

One player can have multiple runs, but only one player can count runs in a hand. If more than one player announces a run, the player with the "best" run according to the following will get to count all of their runs. If a player has multiple runs, their best run is used for the following comparison:

 * A fifty always beats a twenty.
 * When comparing two runs of the same size, the one with the highest rank is best.
 * A run in trumps beats a run of the same size and rank in non-trumps.
 * Two runs of the same size and rank in non-trumps cancel each other out. In this case no one counts their runs even if one player has multiple runs. If a player announces a run, but fails to show it before the play of their second card, the run is not counted. A popular version suggests that if a player called a fifty but forgets to show it, before the third card is played, a twenty can be shown and counted, but only other players.

Bella
Bella (or Bells) is when a player has a king and queen of the trump suit in the same hand and is worth an additional 20 points when called. The player MUST call bella when playing the last of the 2 cards to get the points. Common practice allows to instead call the first of the bells rather than the last. This is advantageous in remembering to call it, but gives others information about one's hand and may be detrimental in giving away points if going bait.
 * Official rules state that calling "first of bells" is table-talk and an automatic forfeiture of points since it is telling one's partner of another guaranteed trump held in the hand.

In the event that bella is part of a valid run, the player has the option to announce "Bella" when they show their run or wait until played.

Tarabish terms

 * Bait - The team which "calls" trump and fails to accumulate at least one point more than half the points available. See bête
 * Half bait - The team which "calls" trump accumulates exactly half the available points. The calling team receives a score of zero, the non-calling team receives full credit for their score (1/2 of the total score of the hand).
 * Bella - When a player has the King and Queen of trump in a single hand.
 * Run - Three or four cards in sequence in the same suit.
 * Twenty - A run of three cards.
 * Fifty - A run of four cards.
 * Misplay or renege - When a player doesn't follow the lead suit, or doesn't beat trump when he can. If a misplay is called against a team, all the points go to the team who called the misplay. See renege.
 * Last - Final trick earning an additional 10 points to the winning team.
 * Kitty - The three cards that are hidden to a player until after a trump is called.
 * Playing to beat - If at any time a player is forced to play a trump, he must beat the best trump card on the table.
 * Linganer - A 3-card run consisting of 6-7-8, named after the former 876 Lingan Coal Mine.
 * Johnny and the nerf - The jack and 9 of trump, respectively.
 * 50 with the bells - Calling and showing a 3 or 4-card run that includes the king and queen of trump (bella). In more informal circumstances, can be called 50 with the nuts and sluts.
 * Dry ten - When a player has only the 10 in a suit, after being dealt their cards
 * Forced - A popular variation. If a team has over 400 points, that team is forced to call trump. Therefore, they are not allowed to pass trump call to the dealer if the dealer is on the opposite team. If both teams are over 400 points, the team with the higher points is 'forced'.

title: Tarabish


text:
River Lambourn

The River Lambourn is a chalk stream in the English county of Berkshire. It rises in the Berkshire Downs near its namesake village of Lambourn and is a tributary of the River Kennet, which is itself a tributary of the River Thames.

The river is a 28.9 ha biological Site of Special Scientific Interest and Special Protection Area under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds.

Perennial River
The upper reaches of the river are seasonal, with a perennial source derived from a number of springs located upstream of the village of Great Shefford. At times when the water table in the chalk aquifer feeding the river is high (usually between November and March) the source of the river migrates upstream. Along the bourn section of the river are located the villages of Eastbury and East Garston, while along the perennial section of the river are the villages of Great Shefford, Welford, Boxford, Bagnor, Donnington and Shaw. Below Shaw is the confluence of the River Lambourn with the River Kennet, located between Newbury and Thatcham. The River Lambourn itself has a single perennial tributary, the Winterbourne Stream, which joins it at the village of Bagnor.

Lambourn Valley Way
The Lambourn Valley Way from the Uffington White Horse to Newbury generally follows the River Lambourn from Lambourn to Donnington Castle, in many places using the embankments of the old Lambourn Valley Railway.

Upper Lambourn and Lynch Wood
The highest source of the Lambourn is on the Maddle Road in the village of Upper Lambourn, near the Wiltshire and Oxfordshire borders. It emerges from a rainwater drain and occasionally flows down a channel between the road and pavement. In the village it runs underground in a pipe until re-emerging alongside the road opposite The Malt Shovel and along Malt Shovel Lane. At this point it is usually little more than a damp, muddy ditch, and remains so until halfway through Lynch Wood. Here it is fed by several springs, two of which are close to the Goose Green road, forming a short stream that runs ten feet downhill into the river. These springs quickly fill the channel and the river swells ten to twenty feet wide and over three feet deep, submerging several fallen trees. Although bourne until Great Shefford the river was not dry below Lynch Wood in 2007–08. However, it dried up in June–July 2009 and the riverbed remained dry until January 2010 due to 4-5 inches of snow melting in a thaw. It dried up again from the summer of 2010 until the spring of 2012, when increased rainfall filled the river, since when the adjacent roads in Upper Lambourn, Lambourn and Eastbury have been regularly flooded.

Lambourn to Thatcham
The river leaves the wood and enters Lambourn under a bridge crossed by the Goose Green Road, here it flows more quickly as the channel narrows to four to six feet across and six to eight inches deep. It is constricted by the houses built on the riverbank, which were partially flooded in July 2007 as numerous weeds clogged the river under the many small bridges (and even one garden shed) built over it. It passes by The Lamb and the Royal Berkshire Fire and Rescue Service and runs between the houses on the south side of the Newbury Road and the playing fields to the north of Bockhampton Road. There is a ford next to the Bockhampton Road bridge which is used by horses (and accidentally by a car in March 2009, which had to be pulled out) and the river leaves the town through Bockhampton Manor Farm. Bernard's Ford is found to the west of Eastbury, which is also suitable only for tractors and horses. Here the Lambourn forced its banks in July 2007 and flowed down the Newbury Road for over a hundred yards before rejoining the river. The Lambourn runs through the middle of Eastbury, and past The Plough Inn, which holds The Great Eastbury Duck Race on the river in May. In East Garston there are many houses are built on one bank with their own bridges from the front door to the road opposite. The river splits into several channels at Great Shefford, and is joined by many small streams, which join as it leaves the village under the A338 Swan Bridge and behind The Swan. From Lambourn to Newbury the river remains roughly parallel to the Newbury Road (which becomes the Lambourn Road) which crosses it many times. In Newbury it runs between Donnington and Speen and south of Shaw House until it joins the River Kennet to the south of The Nature Discovery Centre. The River Kennet joins the River Thames at Reading.

Flow regime
The River Lambourn is almost unique for a chalk stream in southern England in that its flow regime remains near-natural in form; not being significantly modified by groundwater abstraction. Ironically, this situation developed because of a major groundwater abstraction project. In the 1960s the long term water supply situation for London was regarded as vulnerable and one avenue investigated to rectify this was to use untapped water resources naturally stored in the chalk aquifer of low population density areas of south east England. One such area was the West Berkshire Downs, including the catchment of the River Lambourn. The plan was to abstract groundwater from the chalk aquifer during times of drought and then use the existing river system as a natural conduit to transport the water to London, via the River Kennet and the River Thames.

An area in the catchment of the River Lambourn was selected as a pilot study to assess the feasibility of the project, and the Lambourn Valley Pilot Scheme was undertaken between 1967 and 1970. The final conclusion from the pilot study was that the overall scheme appeared feasible and a significant number of large abstraction boreholes and observation boreholes, together with pipelines and control equipment, were installed in the Lambourn catchment and also in other nearby river catchments. The project, named the Thames Groundwater Scheme, was completed in 1976 to coincide with the most serious drought in 50 years, but on final testing of the scheme it was found that the effective increase in river flow downstream was minimal, and essentially the project was a failure.

Almost all of the infrastructure for the project (now known as the West Berkshire Groundwater Scheme) is still in place and maintained, albeit on a rather shoestring budget. But the lasting legacy of the scheme is that the catchment has been preserved as a near-natural groundwater system, almost totally unaffected by groundwater abstractions. This factor made it an ideal candidate for selection as one of the flagship research sites for the NERC LOCAR research project investigating permeable (i.e. groundwater dominated) catchments.

The Second Battle of Newbury, 1644
In 1644 the Royalist Army of King Charles I of England took up a defensive position in the triangle where the River Lambourn meets the River Kennet, with fortifications at Shaw House and Speen. Here it was attacked by the Parliamentarian Armies in the Second battle of Newbury on 27 October 1644.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: River Lambourn


text:
U.S. Route 264

U.S. Route 264 (US 264) is an east–west United States Highway located completely within the U.S. state of North Carolina, running for 215.7 mi. Its western terminus is located at Interstate 87 (I-87), I-440, and US 64 in Raleigh. US 264 is a freeway between Raleigh and Wilson, with segments running concurrently with I-87, I-587, I-795, and US 64. The highway is largely parallel to I-587 between Wilson and Greenville and primarily serves smaller communities such as Saratoga and Farmville. East of Greenville, US 264 is an important highway connecting communities such as Washington, Belhaven, Swan Quarter, and Engelhard. The eastern terminus of US 264 is located at US 64 in Manns Harbor.

Prior to the establishment of US 264, North Carolina Highway 91 (NC 91) running along the general corridor between Zebulon and Engelhard. In 1932, the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) approved the establishment of US 264 between Zebulon and Engelhard, running concurrently with NC 91. By 1935, the eastern terminus of NC 91 was truncated to Zebulon, removing the concurrency with US 264. US 264 was extended east to Nags Head by 1951, running along its own routing between Engelhard and Manns Harbor and concurrently with US 64 from Manns Harbor to Nags Head. Improvements to the highway were gradually made, including the creation of a freeway between Zebulon and Greenville. The freeway was completed by 2003 with the final segment opening near Sims. US 264 was extended west from Zebulon to Raleigh in 1997, with the new routing completely concurrent with US 64. In 2021, I-587 was established running along the US 264 freeway between I-95 in Wilson and US 264 and NC 11 Bypass in Greenville. US 264 was subsequently removed from the freeway between Wilson and Greenville and was placed along portions of its old routing and a concurrency with NC 11 Bypass.

Raleigh to Wilson
The western terminus of US 264 is located at an interchange with I-87, I-440, and US 64 in Raleigh. Beyond the interchange, I-87, I-440, and US 64 travel south and west toward I-40, while I-440 travels north and west toward US 1. US 264 travels east concurrently with I-87 and US 64 along a freeway. The highways interchange with New Hope Road (exit 4) before crossing Crabtree Creek and the Neuse River. I-87, US 64, and US 264 continue east, meeting Hodge Road at exit 6 and the eastern terminus of I-540 at exit 7. Beyond the interchange with I-540, the freeway travels to the south of Knightdale. Interchanges with Smithfield Road, Wendell Falls Parkway, and US 64 Business provide access to the town. The freeway briefly turns to the northeast between Smithfield Road and US 64 Business, but turns back to the east.

I-87 ends at an interchange with Rolesville Road northwest of Wendell. US 64 and US 264 travel to the north of Wendell and Lizard Lick paralleling North Carolina Highway 97 (NC 97). The highway enters northern Zebulon from the west, and meets NC 96 at an interchange, before diverging from US 64 and travelling to the southeast. US 264 travels along the northern limits of Zebulon until meeting NC 97 at an interchange. East of the interchange, the highway leaves the town limits of Zebulon and travels southeast through rural Wake County. It meets US 264 Alternate and NC 39 at a diamond interchange near Five County Stadium. US 264 continues southeast for 0.7 mi until leaving Wake County, briefly entering Johnston County, and then entering Nash County.

Continuing into rural Nash County, US 264 largely parallels US 264 Alternate, located to its south. The highway travels to the north of Middlesex and meets NC 231 at an interchange north of the town. US 264 then crosses Turkey Creek and Big Branch before running north of Bailey where it meets NC 581. Approximately 3 mi east of NC 581, US 264 leaves Nash County and enters into Wilson County. The highway meets Green Pond Road 1/2 mi east of the Nash County–Wilson County line. US 264 travels north of Sims before turning further to the southeast and meeting US 264 Alternate at a partial cloverleaf interchange. The highway then crosses over a railroad owned and operated by the Carolina Coastal Railway before meeting I-95, I-587, and I-795 at a cloverleaf interchange.

I-587 and I-795 run concurrently with US 264 to the east. The highways travel along the western side of Wilson and have interchanges with NC 42 and Downing Road. I-795 diverges to the south towards Goldsboro at exit 43C. The incomplete interchange only has access to I-795 south from I-587 east and US 264 east, while traffic along I-795 north can only access I-587 west and US 264 west at exit 43C. A nearby interchange with US 301 provides further access to I-795 and to the northern terminus of US 117. I-587 and US 264 turn to follow an easterly direction before crossing over two railroads owned and operated by CSX Transportation. The highways meet Black Creek Road, Old Stantonsburg Road, and NC 58 at interchanges south of Wilson. Additionally, I-587 and US 264 cross over the Carolina Coastal Railway between Old Stantonsburg Road and NC 58. Beyond NC 58, the freeway makes an s-shaped curve before reaching a diamond interchange between Wilson and Saratoga. US 264 exits the freeway at the interchange and turns to the southeast toward Saratoga. The eastern terminus of US 264 Alternate is also located at the interchange.

Wilson to Washington
From I-587, US 264 travels through rural Wilson County for 1.7 mi until reaching the town limits of Saratoga and picking up the name Main Street. In the center of the town, US 264 intersects NC 111 and NC 222. US 264 continues southeast, leaving the town limits southeast of Shackleford Street. The highway continues through rural Wilson County for 2.4 mi before crossing into Greene County. As it approaches Walstonburg, US 264 turns to the east and intersects NC 91 north of the town. The highways travel concurrently for 0.8 mi before NC 91 turns to the north toward I-587. US 264 continues for 2.4 mi until intersecting NC 121 west of Farmville. At the intersection, US 264 turns southeast to run concurrently along NC 121 for approximately 1/2 mi. NC 121 then turns to follow Wilson Street towards Farmville while US 264 continues southeast and enters into Pitt County. The highway crosses the Carolina Coastal Railway at an at-grade crossing and begins to run along the southern limits of Farmville. At Main Street, US 264 intersects US 258 and US 258 Business. US 258 follows concurrently with US 264 for approximately 1/2 mi until turning to the northeast along Wesley Church Road.

Leaving Farmville to the southeast, US 264 travels for approximately 3.4 mi southeast of US 258 before intersecting US 13. At the intersection, US 13 and US 264 begin running concurrently towards Greenville. The route turns to the northeast and crosses over Little Contentnea Creek before reaching NC 11 Bypass at a diamond interchange (NC 11 Bypass exit 119). At the interchange, US 264 turns to run concurrently along NC 11 Bypass to the north. US 264 and NC 11 Bypass meet I-587 and Stantonsburg Road at exit 73, a cloverleaf interchange. The highways continue north, meeting NC 43 at a diamond interchange and then crossing over the Tar River. North of the river, US 264 and NC 11 Bypass meet NC 33 at a diamond interchange and then turn to the east. US 264 meets US 13, NC 11, and NC 903 at a partial cloverleaf interchange, marking the northern terminus of NC 11 Bypass and the end of the freeway. The highway continues as a non-controlled access divided highway through an industrial area of Greenville. It turns to the southeast and continues straight for approximately 1.8 mi before turning to the south. US 264 then intersects US 264 Alternate and NC 33 at Pactolus Highway. US 264 turns to the east at the intersection travelling along a non-controlled access divided highway which somewhat parallels the Tar River.

As US 264 continues east on Pactolus Highway, it leaves the city of Greenville and reenters rural Pitt County. It passes to the south of Pactolus and intersects the southern terminus of NC 30 east of the community. US 264 then turns to the south and travels approximately 4 mi east of NC 30 until crossing Tranters Creek, a tributary of the Tar River, and entering Beaufort County. The highway continues southeast and enters Washington from the northwest, picking up the name 5th Street. US 264 meets US 17 at a diamond interchange northwest of downtown Washington. It continues southeast along 5th Street and intersects US 17 Business and the western terminus of NC 92 at Bridge Street. US 264 and NC 92 run concurrently along Bridge Street to the southeast. The highway turns to the northeast west of an intersection with Harvey Street, and changes names to John Small Avenue at an intersection with 5th Street. It then turns to the east near Highland Drive, crosses Runyon Creek, and leaves Washington to the east.

Washington to Manns Harbor
US 264 and NC 92 continue to travel east from Washington through an exurban area of Beaufort County. The highways intersect NC 32 in the community of Bunyan and then enter a rural area. Approximately 2.8 mi east of Bunyan, NC 92 splits from US 264 and continues southeast towards Bath. US 264 turns to the northeast near the NC 92 intersection but soon returns to an easterly orientation. The highway continues to travel east through rural Beaufort County, crossing Tankard Creek and Pungo Creek. East of the Pungo Creek crossing, US 264 turns toward Pantego following a northeasterly orientation. US 264 enters Pantego from the southwest where it picks up the name Main Street. The highway crosses a tributary of the Pungo River before intersecting NC 99 at Pungo Road. US 264 and NC 99 begin a concurrency and travel east along Main Street, crossing a branch of the Carolina Coastal Railway at an at-grade crossing. The highways then leave the town and turn to the southeast toward Belhaven, roughly paralleling the railroad. US 264 and NC 99 enter Belhaven from the northwest and pick up the name Main Street. Northwest of downtown Belhaven, US 264 intersects NC 99 and US 264 Business, marking the end of the NC 99 concurrency. At the intersection, US 264 turns to the northeast, bypassing downtown Belhaven. The highway continues east, intersecting US 264 Business once more in a rural area northeast of Belhaven. US 264 continues east for 5.5 mi until crossing another tributary of the Pungo River and entering into Hyde County.

After entering Hyde County, US 264 travels for 1.4 mi until intersecting NC 45. At the intersection, NC 45 turns to follow concurrently with US 264, and the highways begin a turn to the southeast. US 264 and NC 45 continue southeast for 2.4 mi until turning to the south and crossing the Intracoastal Waterway along the Walter B. Jones Bridge. The highways continue south for approximately 7 mi through rural Hyde County passing the community of Scranton to the east. Near Hodges Road, the highways turn to the east and continue for approximately 3 mi before turning to the southeast. US 264 and NC 45 continue for another 2.6 mi until NC 45 diverges from the highway northwest of Swanquarter, marking the end of the US 264 and NC 45 concurrency. The highway turns to the east, bypassing Swanquarter to the north. Northeast of Swanquarter, US 264 intersects NC 94 at Main Street. US 264 and NC 94 run concurrently to the northeast toward Lake Mattamuskeet. As it approaches the lake, the highway turns to follow alongside its southern shoreline. US 264 intersects NC 94 west of New Holland, marking the end of the US 264 and NC 94 concurrency. It then continues northeast through New Holland and Lake Landing toward Engelhard. As it approaches the community, US 264 turns to the east near an intersection with Lake Road. The highway then enters Engelhard from the west and turns to the northeast at an intersection with Golden Road. US 264 crosses Far Creek which drains into the nearby Pamlico Sound and exits Engelhard to the north.

Northeast of Engelhard, US 264 travels through rural Hyde County. It passes adjacent to the Hyde County Airport before making a turn to the north. US 264 travels in a northerly orientation for 4 mi before turning back to the northeast for approximately 2 mi. The highway then turns to the east and crosses the Long Shoal River where it enters into Dare County. Approximately 1 mi east of the Long Shoal River, US 264 turns to the southeast. It remains in a southeasterly orientation for 4 mi before briefly turning to the east and then begins a gradual turn to the north. The remainder of the route largely parallels shoreline of the Pamlico or Croatan Sound. In the vicinity of Stumpy Point, the highway runs adjacent to the shoreline of Stumpy Point Bay. On the north side of the bay, it intersects Bayview Drive which provides access to the community of Stumpy Point. US 264 continues north through the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge for 5.6 mi before turning to the northwest. The highway continues northwest for 3.9 mi before making a final turn to the northeast. US 264 travels for an additional 2.5 mi before intersecting its eastern terminus at US 64 west of Manns Harbor in Dare County.

Scenic byways
Pamlico Scenic Byway is an 127 mi byway from Washington to Manns Harbor. US 264 overlap several sections of the byway. The byway is noted for its history, scenic views, and the three national wildlife refuges that the route goes through. Other roads and highways that make-up the byway are: NC 32, NC 45, NC 92, and NC 94.

History
Established in 1932, US 264 started from US 64/NC 90, in Zebulon, to the community of Engelhard, in Hyde County. The route was overlapped entirely with NC 91 and was paved west of Swan Quarter. In 1934, NC 91 was removed along the route; in 1935, US 264 was paved from Swan Quarter to Engelhard.

Sometime between 1948-'50, US 264 was moved south around Wilson, on Ward Boulevard; the old route became US 264 Alternate, which later became US 264 Business in 1960 till 1980-'84.

Sometime between 1951-'52, US 264 was extended east from Engelhard to Manns Harbor, where it connected back with US 64. It continued east, overlapped with US 64, ending at Whalebone Junction with US 158 and NC 12.

Sometime between 1953-'54, US 264 was bypassed Farmville and Greenville; the old routes became US 264 Alternate, eventually both were decommissioned by 1990. By 1958, US 264 was moved north around Swan Quarter, replaced by NC 45 and NC 94. In 1962-'63, US 264 was bypassed north around Belhaven, old route through town becoming US 264 Business.

Between 1972-'78, US 264 was moved onto a Super-2 routing north of Sims, Bailey, and Middlesex. Much of the old route become US 264 Business, which is today part of US 264 Alternate. In 1979, the Super-2 was upgraded to freeway standards.

Between 1987-'90, US 264 was moved onto new freeway south of Wilson; the old route along Ward Boulevard became part of the current US 264 Alternate route. Also during this time, US 264 was upgraded to freeway standards east of Farmville to Greenville. Between 1991-'93, US 264 was moved north onto new freeway, bypassing Farmville.

Sometime between 1994 and 1999, US 264 was extended west from Zebulon, to the junction with I-440 in Raleigh. This would later change on July 8, 2005, when the Knightdale Bypass was completed.

In August 2002, US 264 was truncated east at Manns Harbor.

In 2004, US 264 was rerouted, between I-95 and NC 121, onto new freeway, south of Wilson. In 2007, part of this route was overlapped with I-795.

In 2016, construction began on a bypass between US 264 in Greenville, where it connects with the city's Stantonsburg Road, to NC 11 as it passes through Ayden.

On June 22, 2022, I-587 was officially established from I-95, near Wilson, to NC 11 Bypass, in Greenville; as a result of the new designation, US 264 was realigned back to its former routing from north of Saratoga to Greenville.

Middlesex–Greenville alternate route
Established around 1984, US 264 Alternate was a renumbering of the Middlesex business loop, which followed the original alignment of US 264 from Middlesex to Wilson. In 2004, it was extended east to Greenville, absorbing US 264 alternate between Farmville and Greenville. In June 2022, after approval from AASHTO in 2021 Annual Meeting, mainline US 264 was rerouted back along its former routing between north of Saratoga to Greenville with US 264 Alternate decommissioned along that section. The still existing portions of the alternate route are now two segments, with the Zebulon–Wilson western segment and the Greenville eastern segment.

Middlesex business loop
Established by 1978, it was a renumbering of mainline US 264, which was moved onto new routing north of Bailey, Middlesex, and Sims. Originally, US 264 business ran from NC 581 to near Interstate 95; it was extended west to NC 39 in 1979. In 1984, the entire route was redesignated to US 264 Alternate.

Wilson business loop
U.S. Route 264 Business (US 264 Business) was a 2.0 mi business route of US 264 through the city of Wilson.

The routing of US 264 Business was once part of US 264 prior to 1950. In 1950, US 264 was rerouted and the former alignment through downtown Wilson along Raleigh Road and Nash Street became US 264A. In 1960, US 264A was renamed to US 264 Business. The highway remained the same until 1972, when it was removed from Bynum Street, Vance Street, Pender Street, and parts of Raleigh Road and Nash Street. Instead, US 264 Business was routed to follow Hines Street between Raleigh Road Parkway and East Nash Street. In 1977, US 264 Business was decommissioned.

Farmville alternate route
Established around 1954 as a renumbering of mainline US 264, it traversed through downtown Farmville, via Wilson Street and Moye-Turnage Road. It was decommissioned by 1990 when US 264 bypassed north of Farmville and its former alignment south of Farmville became its alternate route. NC 121 replaced the eastern half of the former route from US 264 Alt to Main Street.

Wilson–Greenville alternate route
Established around 1990 as a renumbering of mainline US 264; which traversed from Farmville to Greenville. In 2002, it was extended west of Farmville to Wilson, replacing part of NC 121 and NC 91. In 2004, it was absorbed by the Middlesex-Greenville alternate route.

Greenville alternate route
Established by 1954 as a renumbering of mainline US 264, it traversed through downtown Greenville via Dickenson Avenue and East 10th Street. In 1960, it was renumbered as US 264 Business.

The route of the Greenville and Raleigh Plank Road, which was established in 1853, became part of the route of US 264 between Greenville and Wilson, North Carolina. Although no longer maintained after the company went bankrupt in 1861, the route was still used as an unpaved track and Right of way by horse and motor traffic. State senator James Leonidas Fleming, who established East Carolina University in Greenville, was killed in an early automobile accident along the plank road in 1909.

Greenville business loop
Established in 1960 as a renumbering of US 264 Alternate, it remained unchanged till 1990, when it was decommissioned.

Belhaven alternate route
U.S. Route 264 Alternate (US 264A) was established around 1954-1957 as a renumbering of mainline US 264, it traversed through downtown Belhaven, via Main Street and Pamlico Street. In 1960, it was renumbered as US 264 Business.

Belhaven business loop
U.S. Route 264 Business (US 264 Bus) was established in 1960, the 2.9 mi route follows the original US 264 alignment through downtown Belhaven, via Main Street and Pamlico Street.

Manns Harbor–Manteo Bypass
U.S. Route 264 Bypass (US 264 By-pass) was established in 1999 as a new primary routing bypassing Manns Harbor and Manteo, while also providing direct access between Nags Head and the mainland. Its main feature is the Virginia Dare Memorial Bridge, which is a divided four-lane bridge crossing over the Croatan Sound. Sharing a complete concurrency with US 64 Bypass throughout its existence, it was removed in 2003 when US 264's eastern terminus was relocated further west.

title: U.S. Route 264


text:
Eats, Shoots & Leaves

Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation is a non-fiction book written by Lynne Truss, the former host of BBC Radio 4's Cutting a Dash programme. In the book, published in 2003, Truss bemoans the state of punctuation in the United Kingdom and the United States and describes how rules are being relaxed in today's society. Her goal is to remind readers of the importance of punctuation in the English language by mixing humour and instruction.

Truss dedicates the book "to the memory of the striking Bolshevik printers of St. Petersburg who, in 1905, demanded to be paid the same rate for punctuation marks as for letters, and thereby directly precipitated the first Russian Revolution": she added this dedication as an afterthought after remembering the factoid when reading one of her radio plays.

Overview
There is one chapter each on apostrophes; commas; semicolons and colons; exclamation marks, question marks and quotation marks; italic type, dashes, brackets, ellipses and emoticons; and hyphens. Truss touches on varied aspects of the history of punctuation and includes many anecdotes.

Contrary to usual publishing practice, the US edition of the book left the original British conventions intact.

Title
The title of the book is a syntactic ambiguity—a verbal fallacy arising from an ambiguous or erroneous grammatical construction—and derived from a joke popularised by Ursula Le Guin (a variant on a "bar joke") about bad punctuation:

"A panda walks into a café. He orders a sandwich, eats it, then draws a gun and fires two shots in the air.

'Why?' asks the confused waiter, as the panda makes towards the exit. The panda produces a badly punctuated wildlife manual and tosses it over his shoulder.

'I'm a panda,' he says at the door. 'Look it up.'

The waiter turns to the relevant entry in the manual and, sure enough, finds an explanation.

'Panda. Large black-and-white bear-like mammal, native to China. Eats, shoots and leaves.'"

The joke turns on the ambiguity of the final sentence fragment. As intended by the author, "eats" is a verb, while "shoots" and "leaves" are the verb's objects: a panda's diet consists of shoots and leaves. However, the erroneous introduction of the comma gives the mistaken impression that the sentence fragment comprises three verbs listing in sequence the panda's characteristic conduct: it eats, then it shoots, and finally it leaves.

Reception
The book was a commercial success. In 2004, the US edition became a New York Times best-seller.

In a 2004 review, Louis Menand of The New Yorker pointed out several dozen punctuation errors in the book, including one in the dedication, and wrote that "an Englishwoman lecturing Americans on semicolons is a little like an American lecturing the French on sauces. Some of Truss's departures from punctuation norms are just British laxness."

In The Fight for English: How Language Pundits Ate, Shot and Left (Oxford University Press 2006), linguist David Crystal analyses the linguistic purism of Truss and other writers through the ages.

In 2006, English lecturer Nicholas Waters released Eats, Roots & Leaves, criticising the "grammar fascists" who "want to stop the language moving into the 21st century". This view was shared by dyslexic English comedian and satirist Marcus Brigstocke in a 2007 episode of Room 101, in which he blames Truss's book for starting off a trend in which people have become "grammar bullies".

Editions

In July 2006, Putnam Juvenile published a 32-page follow-up for children entitled Eats, Shoots & Leaves: Why, Commas Really Do Make a Difference!. Based on the same concept, this version covers only the section on comma usage and uses cartoons to explain the problems presented by their poor usage.

title: Eats, Shoots & Leaves


text: User talk:70.16.77.190

title: User talk:70.16.77.190


text:
Darrell Rankin

Darrell T. Rankin (born February 14, 1957) is a Canadian peace activist and former communist politician. He was briefly the leader of the Communist Party of Canada (Ontario) in 1995, and formerly led the Communist Party of Canada (Manitoba) from 1996 to 2019. His partner, Cheryl-Anne Carr, was also active with the Communist Party. Rankin left the Communist Party in 2019.

Early life and career
Rankin was born and raised in Edmonton, Alberta, and became involved in radical left politics through an early opposition to the Vietnam War. His grandparents were active in the Communist Party of Canada, which Rankin joined in 1978. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from the University of Alberta.

He lived in Ottawa, Ontario, from 1983 to 1995, and was a leading figure in the Canadian Peace Alliance and the Ottawa Disarmament Coalition. A newspaper report from 1986 listed him as an articling lawyer, although it is not clear if he continued in this direction. He participated in protests against the Gulf War in 1991.

CPC-Ontario leader
In 1992, a majority of delegates at the Communist Party's national convention voted to abandon Marxism-Leninism and pursue a social democratic alternative. Rankin was a part of the minority group led by Miguel Figueroa that opposed the change, and continued to support traditional communist principles. The party split, and the minority group won the rights to the Communist Party name through an out-of-court settlement.

Rankin was appointed as interim leader of the Communist Party of Canada (Ontario) in April 1995, and led the party in the 1995 provincial election. The national party had fallen to only 500 members in this period, and the Ontario party ran a low-profile campaign with only five candidates and an $8,000 budget. Rankin challenged New Democratic Party Premier Bob Rae in York South, and focused on issues such as health, education, social programs and full employment.

In June 1995, Rankin contributed an article entitled "Observations on the Setbacks to Socialism" to the Communist Party discussion journal The Spark! (not to be confused with the Trotskyist organization of the same name). The piece examined then-recent events in Eastern Europe, including the fall of the Soviet Union.

CPC-Manitoba leader
Rankin moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, in 1995 following the Ontario election. The Communist Party of Canada (Manitoba) had been without effective leadership for several years, and Rankin was chosen as the party's provincial organizer before the year was over. He coordinated the CPC-M's 75th anniversary banquet in early 1996, and was elected party leader later in the year. He subsequently led the party in the 1999, 2003 and 2007 provincial elections.

In January 2004, Rankin was challenged for the CPC-M leadership by Paul Sidon. He received 79 per cent of delegate support, against 21 per cent for Sidon.

Rankin is a founding member of Peace Alliance Winnipeg and a member of the No War Coalition (Manitoba). He helped organize protests against the 1999 Kosovo Conflict, the 2001 NATO invasion of Afghanistan and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. He wrote an article for the People's Voice, the newspaper of the Communist Party, supporting Slobodan Milošević's policies in Kosovo in order to protect Serbians from Albanians in the region whom Rankin labelled as "Fascists". He continued to write occasional articles for People's Voice. In November 2007, he organized a party at Winnipeg's Ukrainian Labour Temple to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the Russian Revolution.

Rankin has campaigned for public office several times, although he has never been elected. In March 2006, he was the leader of Communist Party of Canada's Peace and Disarmament Coalition. He is not related to Naomi Rankin, the leader of the Communist Party of Canada - Alberta. Rankin ran in Winnipeg Centre during the 2015 federal election.

Electoral record
All electoral information is taken from Elections Canada, Elections Ontario, and Elections Manitoba. Provincial election expenditures in Manitoba refer to individual candidate expenses. Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals, and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available.

title: Darrell Rankin


text:
User:George Brower

George Brower is an economist who teaches statistics and operations management at Moravian College in Bethlehem, PA. He has used computers since punch cards, TTY-33 terminals, and dialup modems that offered 110- or 300-baud connections on a good day. On really bad days, he still hears KeyPunch machines banging in the next room...

title: User:George Brower


text:
Talk:DeCSS

Omigosh
Omigosh!!! It has been 7 months since this case is decided and this article is still not updated... O well 'tis rectified now! -- EmperorBMA|話す 01:06, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

If the program is illegal, why is there an image of it sitting right on Wikipedia? Pingveno
 * The image only shows one part of the program. Without the rest, it can't work. – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 12:58, Mar 25, 2005 (UTC)
 * If you're interested, here is the original anonymous C source

I probably shouldn't have posted that 203.101.232.75 (talk) 10:29, 1 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Of course you can post it, don't you want to own your own DVD's? You can buy þem, you can play þem, but you can't back þem up. Økokrim and RIAA are just making life harder for lawful people - þose who want to break þe law will break þe law, þe rest (who obey þe law) will only get a more restricted life. Anti-piracy kills music. Takk for at du har plassert Nord-Norge på kartet, Jon! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 85.166.1.42 (talk) 14:45, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

Making more NPOV
I have toned down the section where the article parrots the old "CSS doesn't stop piracy" argument by pointing out that CSS does stop casual copies of DVDs to DVD+/-R blanks. Samboy 17:14, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * BTW, the act of copying a DVD to DVD-R is perfectly legal. Piracy involves stealing and/or distribution of stolen goods.  CSS has certainly been proven not to prevent piracy.  What it does do is prevent the consumer from their legal right to make a personal copy.  --Thoric 22:08, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

Under the WIPO Copyright Treaty, it is illegal to bypass copyright protection, or to distribute something that's meant to do so. This partially supercedes previous personal-copy laws. The treaty is implemented in the U.S. with the DMCA, in the EU with the EUCD, and in various other places with other laws. Most of the world signed the WCT. There's no place for clear-cut violations of it on Wikipedia. —Simetrical (talk) 17:12, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Where do you see a "clear-cut violation"? – Quadell (talk) (sleuth) 17:44, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

Okay, I admit, there isn't one. There is a clear violation of both the DMCA (see subparagraphs (a)(1)(A) and (a)(2)-(3)) and the EUCD (similar language there). But as long as the illegality in those countries is noted with the links, I have to agree that places like Australia, Canada, and New Zealand (which might not have similar restrictions) as well as non-English-speaking countries are enough to justify allowing the inclusion of the link with appropriate notices. —Simetrical (talk) 09:16, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Remove flamewar history
I believe the section about the flamewar over DeCSS licensing is very much out of place. I'll remove it soon. DonDiego 22:44, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It's pretty material: DeCSS was initally a closed source microsoft windows application... the argument the it was itself created to play content under Linux could only be considered suspect at best. The discussion about the argument over the GPL is important because it shows the context. Jon was not liked by the folks working on Livid because his premature relaease of a tool only useful for ripping (and not linux playback) sabotaged their efforts.... Later they were forced to help defend his actions because the fate of all CSS decryption code had become inexorably tied to Jon. --Gmaxwell 18:05, 17 January 2006 (UTC)

Technology and derived works
"Technology and derived works" makes it absolutely clear that DeCSS aids video "pirates". It doesn't. The CSS description keys and code are available in any "licensed" player, and as a result, because many licensed players don't produce an analog output- the output can be copied trivially- and even prior to DeCSS there were (and are) a number of programs that do this. These were frequently marketed as DVD "backup" utilities. The article does (vaguely) mention that mass-production-pirates aren't encumbered at all- but doesn't make this clear.

DeCSS has much more value in producing unlicensed players- which may or many not be illegal- it wasn't at the time DeCSS was published (in the US), and it isn't in most countries- and moreover, if anyone realized that CSS was about protecting player licenses, and not about protecting pirates, it might be easier to get this point across:

Some systems, places, countries, states, and operating systems, simply do not have a licensed player to choose from. None is sold, and no licenses are even being offered. DeCSS is most useful here as it makes playing legally purchased (and owned) DVDs playable without having to purchase a so-called licensed player. 216.169.144.254 21:03, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

On the speed of bruteforcing
It might have taken a personal computer "less than 24 hours" to entirely bruteforce the CSS algorithm's keyspace in 1999, but today's computers (and what I gather is an improved key-finding technique) can find a working disk and/or player key in a matter of seconds even if no pre-existing key is present. It might thus be prudent to note that CSS, today, is little more than a really minor speedbump to DVD players that have no dedicated player key. -- 88.112.2.159 07:30, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Lossless digital image copying of DVDs without [decryption]
While this is obviously physically possible and is arguably common knowledge, does anyone have a reference to back up this statement? The mostly commonly available consumer or 'prosumer' devices license their CSS use. I am having trouble finding a manufacturer that makes professional DVD duplication devices that specifies functioning in this way. Anyone? --Anonymous 71.218.2.160 03:40, 1 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I think Philips made or used to make one, once.
 * This is a very easy task with any kind of data recovery application. ddrescue is a good example which I have used before under Linux.  You simply copy the disk bitwise to an image file.  This is very useful for recovering data from damaged disks including crashed hard disks. 87.115.43.228 (talk)  —Preceding undated comment added 21:14, 30 October 2009 (UTC).

Citation
The CSS stripping program had been specifically created to bait the MPAA in this manner.[citation needed]
 * The citation is in reference 9, which is the site of the original author and explicitly states the intent just as described. --213.191.86.14 08:09, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

What was he charged with?
The paragraph on the Norwegin trial needs to mention what exactly he was charged with. I moved the mention of the Norwegian criminal code to the first sentence, but this could be wrong since I can't tell from the article whether the appeals court ordered a re-trial of the original or new charges. Can someone one knows more about the case please clear this up...kind of an essential fact for the article. Padraic 15:10, 22 July 2007 (UTC)

 * It's two years later, and yes it needs a lot of expansion. Comet Tuttle (talk) 21:26, 8 December 2009 (UTC)

Time taken

 * a high-end home computer in 1999 running optimized code could brute-force it within 24 hours, and modern computers can now brute-force it in a few seconds or less

This claim seems incomplete or at least strange. First what's a modern computer? Second if we take a few seconds to mean 10 seconds, this implies a 8640x improvement in speed. Even an 6 core Core i7 is not going to be close to 8640x faster then a 1999 high end computer (say a Pentium 3 550mhz) in general terms. It's possible it would be that much faster in certain areas, particularly if it's using the GPU if that's possible for the function, or perhaps the code is just much improved but in any case, this claim needs sourcing. Nil Einne (talk) 10:35, 23 July 2011 (UTC)

 * In addition to computers becoming faster, and supporting advanced vectorisation, key scanning algorithms have also improved dramatically. I'd probably expect a 30-50x increase in performance of the same algorithm on my new Intel i7-2700k vs. my old AMD Duron 1GHz.  Given the advances in the brute-forcing algorithms too, an 8640x improvement is more than reasonable.  I never tried to bruteforce DVDs on my old Duron PC [I still used VHS tapes back then], but my i7 will munch the anti-backup protection on a DVD in under a minute.  90.194.203.28 (talk) 19:21, 28 January 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on DeCSS. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090725230002/http://w2.eff.org/IP/Video/DVDCCA_case/ to http://w2.eff.org/IP/Video/DVDCCA_case/

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 23:29, 6 September 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just modified one external link on DeCSS. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20050217045554/http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article702236.ece to http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article702236.ece

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot  (Report bug) 00:47, 3 December 2017 (UTC)

Technical aspects and historical aspects
I remember this back in ~2000 or so. Now +21 years have passed. I think a historic evaluation is missing on these events, but also, it would be nice if the main article could add a subsection how DeCSS worked. We have a bit of technical stuff, but no real explanation. It does not need to be a highly technical one, just a rough summary how DeCSS actually works. 2A02:8388:1604:F600:3AD5:47FF:FE18:CC7F (talk) 21:39, 26 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:DeCSS


text:
U.S. Route 165

U.S. Route 165 is a north–south United States highway spur of U.S. Highway 65. It currently runs for 412 miles (663 km) from U.S. Route 90 in Iowa, Louisiana north to U.S. Highway 70 in North Little Rock, Arkansas. The route passes through the states of Arkansas and Louisiana. It passes through the cities of Monroe and Alexandria in Louisiana. A segment of US 165 serves as a routing of the Great River Road within Arkansas.

Route description

 * U.S. Route 165 in Louisiana|LA
 * 229
 * 369
 * U.S. Route 165 in Arkansas|AR
 * 183
 * 295
 * Total
 * 412
 * 663
 * }
 * 412
 * 663
 * }

Louisiana
From its southern terminus in Iowa at US 90 (near Lake Charles), US 165 follows a diagonal north south route, passing through the casino town of Kinder, where it intersects US 190. Just south of Alexandria it merges with US 71 and they join through the west side of the city, across the Red River and into Pineville. A new four-lane (two lanes in each direction) bridge is being built beside the aging OK Allen Bridge (appropriately named the Fort Buhlow Bridge) and should be open in mid-2013. At that time US 165 will be completely four-laned for most of its traverse of Louisiana. There the two highways meet US 167 and 71 parts with 165. Going on through the Kisatchie National Forest the rest of the highway to Monroe is forest land, farmland, and small towns. Crossing I-20 in Monroe, the highway's largest city, it proceeds to Bastrop and crosses the Arkansas line a few miles north of the town. Due to the Louisiana DOT TIMED Project, US 165 is now a four lane divided highway from Iowa to Bastrop. US 165 passes near three federal prisons: USP Oakdale and two near Pollock. Also, near Oakdale is the ruins of Camp Claiborne, an abandoned WWII military post.

Arkansas
The route enters Arkansas south of Wilmot in Ashley County. US 165 passes through bayous and marshlands before it intersects Highway 52 and Highway 173 in the town. Further north, in Parkdale, the route intersects Highway 8 and Highway 209. In Portland, US 165 intersects Highway 160 before entering Montrose. In the southern part of Montrose US 165 passes under U.S. Route 82, intersecting US 82 Business (US 82B) downtown. US 165 continues north near Cut-off Creek Wildlife Management Area to enter Drew County. Only serving the extreme southeastern corner of the county, US 165 runs through Jerome near the Jerome Elementary School No. 22. The highway enters Chicot County near Dermott where it intersects Highway 208 and Highway 35. Northeast of town, the route intersects its parent route (US 65), which form a concurrency to Dumas.

The route breaks from US 65 at Pickens Street, with Highway 277 shooting from the route east of Cypress Creek. The route forms a concurrency north with Highway 1 for 24.99 mi beginning at Back Gate. US 165/AR 1 intersect Highway 212 before crossing the Arkansas River on the Pendleton Bridge.

Upon entering Arkansas County, the route passes the A.M. Bohnert Rice Plantation Pump and through sectioned farmland before meeting US 165B in Gillett. US 165/AR 1 continue north to De Witt, with AR 1 breaking east and US 165 turning due west. The route has a junction with Highway 11 at Eldridge Corner after which US 165 turns due north. This segment of US 165 was formerly AR 11 and is preserved in part by the National Register of Historic Places as Old AR 11 – Kauffman Road. The route enters Stuttgart after an intersection with 22nd Street. US 165 skirts the eastern edge of the city as Park Avenue before it turns west to intersect US 63 and enter Prairie County. The route only has one junction in its 2.9 mi within the county, Highway 343.

The route next enters Lonoke County. Now within the Little Rock metro area, the route serves the southern part of the county with many rural junctions. Along its path, the route runs west through Humnoke, Allport, Coy (all with populations under 300 as of 2010) while intersecting Highway 13 and Highway 31 prior to England. US 165 turns northeast in England after a junction with Highway 256. US 165 passes through the Keo Commercial Historic District in Keo and later the Toltec Mounds Archeological State Park before entering Pulaski County.

Entering North Little Rock, the route has a junction with I-440 before terminating at Broadway Street (US 70).

Great River Road

The Great River Road is designated as a National Scenic Byway in the state of Arkansas. Established in 1938, the route is actually a series of roads which connect Canada and the Gulf of Mexico along the Mississippi River. The portion of US 165 from the beginning of its concurrency with US 65 near Dermott north to De Witt is part of the Great River Road in Arkansas. The designation follows AR 1 north from De Witt and US 65 south of Dermott.

History
US 165 was established in 1926 on a route extending from Iowa, Louisiana to McGehee, Arkansas. A proposed extension north to Corning, Arkansas in 1946 was deferred. The route was extended to its current North Little Rock terminus in 1982.

The Louisiana portion was generally aligned with the existing State Route 24 south of Alexandria and State Route 14 north of Alexandria. Both had been designated in 1921 and remained co-signed with US 165 until the 1955 Louisiana Highway renumbering.

US 165 replaced Arkansas Highway 11 in much of Arkansas County, Arkansas. Highway 11 was the main route through the area since its designation in the original 1926 state highway system. Some of this original pavement has been preserved by the National Register of Historic Places as Old AR 11 – Kauffman Road.

Alexandria business route
U.S. Highway 165 Business (officially U.S. Highway 165-Z) is a business route of U.S. Highway 165 in and near Alexandria, Louisiana, United States. It once ran along Masonic Drive in Alexandria, but has since been truncated by other routes. It currently begins at an intersection with US 71/US 165, running concurrently with LA 1. LA 1/US 165 BUS meet, and run concurrently with, LA 28 BUS before LA 1/LA 28 split from US 165 BUS.

US 165 Business then travels along Jackson Street, which is the same as its former alignment. It then crosses the Red River along the Gillis Long Bridge before meeting LA 3100. US 165 Business travels north while meeting LA 180, a former segment of the Jefferson Highway auto trail, and crossing the Pineville Expressway before ending at an intersection with its parent route.

Alexandria bypass route
US 165 Bypass was the original designation for the current route of US 165 through Alexandria and Pineville. Until 1961, when it was moved to the bypass, US 165 was routed along the current business route.

Monroe business route
Business US 165 starts a few miles south of Monroe and also becomes Jackson and Ouachita streets, going through downtown Monroe and passing by Saint Francis Medical Center and the Monroe Civic Center. It follows US 80 at Louisville Avenue, and is signed along Louisville Avenue to its terminus at US 165 (Sterlington Hwy).

 * Major intersections

Gillett business route
U.S. Route 165 Business is a business route in Gillett. It is 1.28 mi in length. The route serves mostly as Front Street and passes near the Old Gillett Jail on the National Register of Historic Places.

 * Major intersections

title: U.S. Route 165


text:
Category:American Public Media

American Public Media is an American public radio network, and the national distribution arm of Minnesota Public Radio. For articles relating to MPR's regional service, see Category:Minnesota Public Radio.

title: Category:American Public Media


text:
Cătălina Ponor

Cătălina Ponor (born 20 August 1987) is a Romanian former artistic gymnast who competed at three Summer Olympic Games: 2004, 2012, and 2016. She won three gold medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens on balance beam, floor and as part of the Romanian team. She also earned a silver medal on floor and bronze medal as part of the Romanian team at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, as well as multiple World Championship and European Championship medals. She announced her plans to retire from gymnastics after the 2017 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships, in Montreal. During her career, she won 23 Olympic, World and European medals. More than half of them (12) were gold medals. She was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2022.

Early life
Ponor was born in Constanța and started gymnastics when she was four years old. In 2002, she was discovered training in Constanța by the Romanian national team coaches, Octavian Bellu and Mariana Bitang, who invited her to join the national team.

2003–2004
Ponor made her international debut at the 2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Anaheim, California, where the Romanian team finished in second place. Individually, she won silver medals on balance beam, scoring 9.587, and floor, scoring 9.700. In November, she competed at the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup event in Stuttgart, Germany, where she placed first on balance beam (9.587) and third on floor (9.237).

In March 2004, Ponor competed at the World Cup event in Cottbus, Germany. She placed first on balance beam, scoring 9.700, and second on floor, scoring 9.575. Later in March, she competed at the World Cup event in Lyon, France, and won silver medals on balance beam and floor, scoring 9.175 and 9.625 respectively.

At the beginning of May, she helped Romania win the team competition at the European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Amsterdam. In event finals, she once again placed first on balance beam (9.725) and floor (9.637).

Athens Olympics
In August, Ponor competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. She contributed scores of 9.412 on vault, 9.762 on balance beam, and 9.750 on floor toward the Romanian team's first-place finish. In event finals, she won gold medals on balance beam (9.787) and floor (9.750). She called the results "a dream that came true. ... When I won the gold medal on balance beam, I was very emotional. I had wished to win that medal forever."

Ponor was the first female gymnast since Daniela Silivaș in 1988 to win three gold medals at a single Olympics.

2005–2007
Ponor competed at the European Championships in Debrecen, Hungary, in June 2005. She placed first on balance beam with a score of 9.737 and fourth on floor with a score of 9.200. That fall, she won a bronze medal on beam (9.500) at the 2005 World Championships in Melbourne.

In March 2006, she competed at the Cottbus World Cup and placed sixth in the floor final with a score of 13.250. The following month, at the European Championships in Volos, Greece, she placed first on balance beam (15.800) and third on floor (14.600).

In 2007, Ponor began training with Mariana Bitang again. She said: "She's the only person who can bring me back to the form I was in. She's the only coach who can guide me to a world title and another Olympic title." Bitang added, "We saw her very determined, and we were very surprised to see her appetite for competition."

In July, Ponor competed at the Romanian National Championships in Ploiesti, Romania. She placed first on vault with a score of 15.062 and first on balance beam with a score of 16.500.

In September, Ponor competed at the 2007 World Championships in Stuttgart. She helped the Romanian team place third and individually she placed fourth in the balance beam final with a score of 15.700.

In December, Ponor retired due to ongoing injuries.

2011
In March, Ponor began training again with the Romanian national team under the newly returned coaches Octavian Bellu and Mariana Bitang.

At the beginning of August, Ponor had a minor medical procedure to correct a congenital heart defect that was causing an arrhythmia and was able to resume training the same week. She said, "I had a congenital problem I was born with, but I went to the doctor and all is well."

At the end of August, Ponor competed at the Romanian National Championships in Onesti, Romania. She placed second on balance beam scoring 15.775 and third on floor scoring 14.625.

In October, Ponor competed at the 2011 World Championships in Tokyo. She contributed scores of 14.933 on vault, 15.166 on balance beam, and 14.633 on floor towards the Romanian team's fourth-place finish and individually she placed seventh in the balance beam final with a score of 14.241.

2012
In March, Ponor competed at the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup event in Doha, Qatar. She placed first on balance beam with a score of 15.300 and first on floor with a score of 15.275. Ponor said, "I want to do the same thing that I did in 2004. It was hard to make a comeback, but all the time I was thinking that I could do it. I will not relax till I reach my goal."

In April, Ponor competed at an international meet against France in Cholet, France. She contributed scores of 14.900 on vault and 15.550 on balance beam towards the Romanian team's first-place finish.

Later in April, Ponor competed at an international meet against Germany and the United Kingdom in Ulm, Germany. She contributed scores of 14.750 on vault, 15.100 on balance beam, and 14.900 on floor toward the Romanian team's first-place finish.

In May, Ponor competed at the 2012 European Championships in Brussels. She contributed scores of 15.033 on vault, 15.433 on balance beam, and 14.733 on floor towards the Romanian team's first-place finish. In event finals, she placed first on beam scoring 15.300 and second on floor scoring 14.633. Bellu said, "You saw the reaction of the fans. A triple Olympic champion gets respect, especially if she performs like this." She is the gymnast who has won the most balance beam titles at the European Championships: 2004, 2005, 2006, 2012 and 2017.

In June, Ponor competed at the World Cup event in Ghent, Belgium. She won the balance beam event final with a score of 15.025.

At the beginning of July, Ponor competed at an international meet against France, Germany, and Italy in Bucharest, Romania. She contributed scores of 15.000 on vault, 15.700 on balance beam, and 15.000 on floor toward the Romanian team's first-place finish.

London Olympics
At the end of July, Ponor competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. She helped the Romanian team qualify to the team final in fourth place, and individually, she qualified eighth to the balance beam final with a score of 15.033, and seventh to the floor final, despite botching her third tumbling pass, with a score of 14.600. In the team final, she contributed scores of 15.100 on vault, 15.416 on balance beam, and 14.800 on floor toward the Romanian team's third-place finish. She earned the highest score on balance beam during the team competition.

In event finals, Ponor placed fourth on beam (15.066) and second on floor (15.200). On beam, she originally was placed in third, but after American Aly Raisman had an inquiry accepted about her difficulty score, they finished in a tie. Ultimately however, after a tie-breaking procedure which prioritized execution score, Raisman was awarded the bronze medal. Ponor said, "I will say it again, and I want everyone to know, I will quit without regrets. I have worked every second for my team, I have worked every second for myself, I have worked every second for everybody. I have already been an Olympic champion. I will quit gymnastics with my chin up."

2015
In February 2015, Ponor registered for the anti-doping control within the International Federation of Gymnastics, which suggested that she might be returning to competition. She officially announced her comeback in early March. She told WOGymnastika that by coming back for a third time, she will be risking her biggest failure. She could not compete in the 2015 European Games in Baku as she was not eligible yet.

In September, Ponor made her return in competition by competing in a friendly meet between Romania and France where she helped the Romanian team place first.

2016
In June 2016, Ponor won two bronze medals at the European Championships. On 6 July, she was selected to represent Romania at the 2016 Summer Olympics, despite Larisa Iordache's achievement of her fourth consecutive national all around title and citing injury concerns on Iordache. This announcement was made shortly after Ponor was named as Romania's flag bearer for the opening ceremonies, the first time this honor was given to a gymnast. In the qualification stage, she placed fifth on the balance beam. She placed seventh in the beam final.

2017
Ponor continued to compete in 2017 in the hopes of participating in the European Championships, since Romania was the host this year. She began the year by winning titles on the balance beam and floor exercise at the Baku World Cup. One week later, on 23 March, she won a silver medal on beam at the Doha World Cup.

At the European Championships in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Ponor competed on beam and floor. She missed the floor final because her routine lacked a front tumbling connection, a requirement. However, she qualified to the beam final and won the gold medal emotionally in front of a noisy and appreciative home crowd.

In October 2017, Ponor competed at the 2017 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships in Montreal. Competing only in qualifications on beam, placing 26th, and floor, placing 14th. Ponor did not qualify to either event finals after a fall on beam, earning her a 12.233, and a step out of bounds on floor, earning her a 13.266.

Following her competition at the 2017 Mexico Open in Mexico City, Mexico, where she won a silver medal in the 3-event all-around, Ponor announced her official retirement from competitive gymnastics for the third time.

Personal life
Ponor was in a relationship with Puerto Rican gymnast Tommy Ramos from 2012 until 2016. As of June 18, 2022, she is married to Romanian actor and director Bogdan Jianu. On her 35th birthday, Ponor revealed on Instagram, that she and Jianu were expecting their first child together. On December 29, 2022, Ponor gave birth to a baby boy. She announced the Romanian jury points in the final of Eurovision Song Contest 2021.

title: Cătălina Ponor


text:
User talk:Asiananimal

Hello, feel free to post any comments.

University of Arizona
I think I should apologize somewhat as I was a bit frustrated at the layout of the page and your statment that because it's "standard" it's somewhat better, when there's some doubt in my mind that it is, in fact, better in any way.

I see huge variation in University articles on wikipedia. When in doubt, I think that information should always come before lists which in and of themselves contain no useful information. Why wikify that entire list of non-articles? Why no lead-in text? If you're so dead-set in keeping the page the way it is, can you at least understand my feeling that the list of unwikied colleges/schools seems to indicate the END of the article rather than a subsection?

We can, in fact, have some variety between articles if the same major points are made in each. I looked at the Cal schools. If you'd like to make the pages more similar, I would, in fact, LOVE to see the UofA page look like the page for University of California. Its organization is beautiful, flowing, and the infobox works quite well. It provides information and really adds to the article.

Your edits to the UofA page, however, do not quite meet that standard. It breaks up the flow of the page with non-information (it doesn't tell ME anything and I'm somewhat familiar with the breakdown of the UofA). Additionally, the list of alumni is a bit lacking in its organization. In my opinion, either the data should be well structured (simple presentation adds a lot, and HTML is a rich medium). Would you, perhaps, accept either an invisible-table list of alumni or some other better organization? Lumping it all in as a single line with just a space and dash between information makes it quite hard to understand the information contained.

Again, I was just a bit frustrated, but I think we both should discuss changes rather than making them on the basis of "standards" when a standard may in fact make an article LESS useful. I hope we can come to a good compromise that takes the best of both our ideas. Let me know. --ABQCat 21:52, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Turing Award
I like the template. Nice work adding it to all those laureates :-) -SpuriousQ 21:03, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned fair use image (Image:Ucr seal black.gif)
Thanks for uploading Image:Ucr seal black.gif. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable under fair use (see our fair use policy).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any fair use images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. This is an automated message from BJBot 18:02, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

2007 Los Angeles Dodgers season
Sure, I would greatly appreciate it if you could work on this article. There really isn't that much that you really need to know about working on the articles. There are two articles which need to be edited, however, for the article to run sufficiently. The first article is at 2007 Los Angeles Dodgers season game log, using the code at WikiProject Baseball/game log to insert the data into the table. The second article is Template:2007 NL West Standings, which is a template for the division standings. The second article, the NL West Standings article, I am monitoring/editing, so you don't have to worry about that one at all. However, I have added your name to the Dodgers' article. I am gonna be spending most of my time with the 4 AL West teams (Los Angeles, Oakland, Seattle, Texas) so I might not have as much time as I would like to work on the Dodgers' article, so I would love it if you could work on that one.

Secondly, you may work on any article you wish. You may work on any of the 5 unclaimed teams or any of the other 25. There is no limit to how many pages you can work on or how many people can work on any one article. Whatever you want to do is absolutely fine. Ksy92003 talk · contribs 23:25, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

Game logs
Sorry to bother you. I congratulate you for getting most (if not all) of the game logs made. I haven't looked at all of them to see if they are completed. Anyway, did you do that in Microsoft Word? Because if you do it in Microsoft Word, then the " " marks are different than those used in Wikipedia. Therefore, the aligning doesn't take effect in any of the game logs that you did. I've changed a couple to fix that, but I can't do them all. So, if you find the time, could you please go back and do the quotation marks again, making sure that they will align center? Click on "Show preview" to check before you click "Save page". Thanks for all of your contributions. Ksy92003 talk · contribs 16:00, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Alright, everything looks good so far. I've looked at only the ones that you recently made edits to, but I'm sure that if there are any more that need attention, you will be able to find them and edit them as needed.  But good job on making the necessary changes to those articles.  I'm not sure if the other teams have a real game log up or if it's just the template for all the other ones.  Hopefully as the season progresses I can go and make the changes to those game logs, or the person who's assigned to work the articles can make those changes.  Aside from that, you needn't worry about doing any of the other game logs except for the articles which you've assigned yourself to do.  I don't want anybody (other than me) to have to overwork themselves.  And happy opening day to you too, mate!   Ksy92003  talk · contribs 18:33, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

Batter Stats
Hey. We're sorting batting stats according to how they are listed on ESPN.com, which has it by batting average. On the articles at the batters stats area, there is a hidden comment saying "Sort players by Batting Average. Only list players who qualify for batting title until after season ends.  On ESPN.com, for the player stats, players whose names are BOLDED indicate that they are eligible for the batting title." Because of this, we can't list the player's stats yet because everybody is eligible for the batting title. But as the season progresses, then we can list players there.

Tonight, I might fall behind on my 5 articles because I am attending the Angels/Rangers game, so if you could back me up on those articles, I would appreciate it. Ksy92003 talk · contribs 13:06, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

If you wish, you may cover the articles I will miss: Los Angeles Angels, Oakland Athletics, Seattle Mariners, Texas Rangers, as well as the templates. Thanks for the backup, mate. Ksy92003 talk · contribs 22:52, 2 April 2007 (UTC)

Table sorting
Hey, why are we making the player statistics tables "sortable"? (I got this from the page history for 2007 Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim season.) I can't recall ever having that discussion. Anything we do in this little project we need a consensus, and I don't remember ever seeing a discussion about this anywhere. (I apologize if you are not the person responsible for this, in which case you may delete this notice from your talk page) --16:28, 9 April 2007 (UTC)Ksy92003

Duplicate Image:UCRiverside seal.jpg
is a duplicate of an already existing article, category or image. --Android Mouse Bot 2 23:16, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:UCRiverside seal.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:UCRiverside seal.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. BetacommandBot 08:58, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

TfD nomination of Template:UC Riverside
Template:UC Riverside has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for Deletion page. Thank you. --Dynaflow  babble  23:42, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image (Image:CSUFullertonLogo.jpg)
Thanks for uploading Image:CSUFullertonLogo.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently orphaned, meaning that it is not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

If you have uploaded other unlicensed media, please check whether they're used in any articles or not. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. fuzzy510 03:39, 3 July 2007 (UTC)

Are you active?
Just checking in - you seem to not be active as much these days. BrianY 02:14, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

Image source problem with Image:CSUChicoLogo.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:CSUChicoLogo.gif. I noticed that the file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Fair use, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 21:01, 1 August 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Esrever 21:01, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:CSUChicoLogo.gif
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:CSUChicoLogo.gif. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Esrever 21:01, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:UCR logo.JPG
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:UCR logo.JPG. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Esrever 22:49, 4 August 2007 (UTC)

Image source problem with Image:APUlogo.gif
This is an automated message from a robot. You have recently uploaded Image:APUlogo.gif. The file's description page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you did not create this file yourself, you will need to specify the owner of the copyright. If you obtained it from a website, then a link to the website from which it was taken, together with a restatement of that website's terms of use of its content, is usually sufficient information. However, if the copyright holder is different from the website's publisher, their copyright should also be acknowledged.

As well as adding the source, please add a proper copyright licensing tag if the file doesn't have one already. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then the GFDL-self tag can be used to release it under the GFDL. If you believe the media meets the criteria at Non-free content, use a tag such as or one of the other tags listed at Image copyright tags. See Image copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

If you have uploaded other files, consider checking that you have specified their source and tagged them, too. You can find a list of files you have uploaded by following this link. Unsourced and untagged images may be deleted one week after they have been tagged, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If the image is copyrighted under a non-free license (per Fair use) then the image will be deleted 48 hours after 20:04, 7 September 2007 (UTC). If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. If you believe you received this message in error, please notify the bot's owner. OsamaKBOT 20:04, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Pepperdine logo.gif
Thanks for uploading or contributing to Image:Pepperdine logo.gif. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is not a suitable explanation or rationale as to why each specific use in Wikipedia constitutes fair use. Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale.

If you have uploaded other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on those pages too. You can find a list of 'image' pages you have edited by clicking on the "my contributions" link (it is located at the very top of any Wikipedia page when you are logged in), and then selecting "Image" from the dropdown box. Note that any non-free media lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you. Project FMF (talk) 21:44, 1 March 2008 (UTC)

October Baseball WikiProject Newsletter
--  jj137   ( talk )  23:50, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:2007 Cincinnati Reds season game log
Template:2007 Cincinnati Reds season game log has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Thank you. Mhiji (talk) 21:16, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:2007 New York Mets season game log
Template:2007 New York Mets season game log has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Thank you. Mhiji (talk) 21:17, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:15, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Asiananimal