text:
Talk:John O'Hara

List
Appointment in Samarra is very highly regarded. The fact that it is highly regarded is a relevant piece of information for this article. One NPOV piece of evidence for this is its appearance on the Modern Library's list. This fact is easily verifiable; see http://www.randomhouse.com/modernlibrary/100bestnovels.html. Please do not remove this statement unless you can replace it with a better piece of NPOV evidence for the book's importance. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 13:46, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The list is neither objective nor evidence of merit; it was and remains a commercial tactic. See Modern Library, Talk:Modern_Library and User_talk:Gamaliel. -- Simonides 18:32, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Presence on the list is certainly not proof of merit, but it is just as certainly evidence of merit.

 * No such list can be objective. The Newbury and Caldecott medals are a commercial tactic. The National Book Awards, the Booker List, etc. are commercial tactics. The Nobel Prize is not a commercial tactic, but was intended to enhance the reputation of Alfred Nobel and is not objective. All of these lists represent some kind of rough consensus judgement or point of view of a collection of people. Because many people believe that these lists do have some kind of value, the presence of a name on such a list is a relevant fact about the person or work of art being listed.

 * Perhaps the closest analogy is with the AMPAS Academy Awards ("Oscars") which are universally acknowledged to be a) far from objective, and b) commercially motivated. Yet most people believe that winning an Oscar is a notable achievement that is properly part of the factual description of a movie, or of an actor's career. The headline of the New York Times obituary on Marlon Brando was "Marlon Brando, Oscar-Winning Actor, Is Dead at 80." Would you systematically go through Wikipedia deleting all references to Academy awards?

 * If not, then would you explain why the Modern Library list is so much worse than the Academy awards, and what lists you would substitute in its place? It is silly that we should not be able present evidence that a book is important or notable or worthy. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 19:57, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

The analogy with the Academy Awards is invalid for numerous reasons (much more so than the usual weaknesses inherent to analogies); that and all other points you raise have been previously addressed at the ML Talk page - since you have posted there, I shall continue the discussion there. -- Simonides 03:49, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Protection
I saw the request on Requests for page protection. The page has been protected. The parties are encouraged to start discussing the matter on the talk page. 172 19:01, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The relevant discussion is taking place, but in Talk:Modern Library, rather than here. Does not seem to be converging on agreement, however. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]]

Scraps of work in progress
As I get material that would otherwise go into John O'Hara, I will put it here, in anticipation of eventually inserting it into the article when the page becomes available for editing. These are just scraps and factoids, not in final form. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 16:01, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Appointment in Samarra received rapid acclaim on publication.

 * Martin Kich, Wright State University states "Despite occasional assertions of his significance, however, O'Hara's achievements have been so long and thoroughly denigrated that he is now typically considered a novelist of the second or even the third rank. Undoubtedly O'Hara's own public persona very much contributed to a number of misconceptions about his work." He goes on to detail how extraliterary factors such as his social climbing, self-promotion, and work as columnist alienated the literary establishment, particularly influential critic Alfred Kazin, resulting in neglect and possible underestimation of his work.

 * Frank Devine identifies Appointment in Samarra as the O'Hara novel "usually praised faintly by hostile critics afraid that favourable en passant mention of O’Hara’s short stories and dialogue may not be enough to save them from the scorn of future generations for dumping on him," but opines that From the Terrace is O'Hara's true masterpiece.

 * A plaque identifies John O'Hara's boyhood home at 606 Mahantongo St. (the "Lantenengo Street" of O'Hara's novels). In 2002 a former Pottsville sculptor, James Ponter, was commissioned to produce a lifesized statue of O'Hara, in tie, sweater vest and tweed sport coat leaning on his blackthorn walking stick. The finished statue is located on Centre Street, near the former site of a newspaper where O'Hara had once worked. As an Eagle Scout project, a Boy scout has added street signs to the town signposts identifying the Pottsville streets with their corresponding names in O'Hara's fictional Gibbsville.

 * Writing in the Atlantic Monthly in March, 2000, Benjamin and Christina Schwarz said "So widespread is the literary world's scorn for John O'Hara that the inclusion two years ago of his Appointment in Samarra on the Modern Library's list of the 100 best novels of the twentieth century was used to ridicule the entire project." (!!!!!!)  NOTE: Reference is: http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2000/03/schwarz.htm

 * O'Hara's writing was considered daringly frank in its references to sexuality. Until 1963, Butterfield 8 was banned from importation into Australia as obscene.

 * Allan Sherman's 1962 humorous song, Sarah Jackman touches affectionately on New York Jewish stereotypes. One exchange is: "What'cha doin', Sarah?" "Reading John O'Hara." [But is this a reference to his novels, or to his politically-right-wing Newsday column?????]

Mention:
 * The Art of Burning Bridges: A Life of John O'Hara by Geoffrey Wolff
 * The Life of John O'Hara By Frank MacShane
 * The Bright Book of Life by Alfred Kazin

Specific Proposal for Dispute Resolution
Replace the paragraph which formerly read as follows, with the portion in dispute struck out

 * In 1934 O'Hara published his first novel, Appointment in Samarra. In 2001 it was named as one of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century by the editorial board of the American Modern Library.

with these two paragraphs:

 * Despite his writing skill, O'Hara's work was not highly esteemed by the literary establishment. This was probably due in part to extraliterary factors, such as his social climbing, his vigorous self-promotion, and his politically conservative newspaper columns. Martin Kich of Wright State University states that "O'Hara's achievements have been so long and thoroughly denigrated that he is now typically considered a novelist of the second or even the third rank."

 * In 1934 O'Hara published his first novel, Appointment in Samarra, which was acclaimed on publication. This is the O'Hara novel that is most consistently praised by critics. Of it, Hemingway wrote: "If you want to read a book by a man who knows exactly what he is writing about and has written it marvelously well, read Appointment in Samarra." On the other hand, writing in the Atlantic Monthly in March, 2000, critic Benjamin Schwartz and writer Christina Schwarz said "So widespread is the literary world's scorn for John O'Hara that the inclusion... of Appointment in Samarra on the Modern Library's list of the 100 best novels of the twentieth century was used to ridicule the entire project."

Comments? [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 00:10, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I think that's a great rewriting! I wish I had the energy or strength of character to do the same sort of stuff.  I would change "which" to "that" in the "This is the O'Hara novel which..."

 * Which, I think, is how I got started with this miserable O'Hara project, hehe. I glanced at the article, for some reason, then changed a which to that.... And after that got hooked.

 * Anyway, you've done a fine done -- now to see if Simonides will also it to proceed. By the way, that's an interesting quote, the lady who said that this book discredited the entire 100 ML list... Hayford Peirce 01:58, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, I hope that it manages to capture two subtleties at once: the novel is both widely esteemed and scorned... and it captures the fact that the book is on the Modern Library List in a way that does not tend to promote the list. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 16:27, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Note: I have made two small changes in the proposal's wording since Hayford's comment. I replaced "which" with "that" per Hayford, and I added the words "politically conservative" before "newspaper column." [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 16:27, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Sorry to hold back the article, I am currently without frequent/easy access to the net. Please proceed with the current wording and request that the article is unprotected; please also make it "best English novels", just for clarification. -- Simonides 13:56, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Will do. Thanks. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 14:04, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * NOTE: version of to be inserted is now as follow, correcting a typo (Schwartz->Schwarz) and including Simonides's clarification.

 * Despite his writing skill, O'Hara's work was not highly esteemed by the literary establishment. This was probably due in part to extraliterary factors, such as his social climbing, his vigorous self-promotion, and his politically conservative newspaper columns. Martin Kich of Wright State University states that "O'Hara's achievements have been so long and thoroughly denigrated that he is now typically considered a novelist of the second or even the third rank."

 * In 1934 O'Hara published his first novel, Appointment in Samarra, which was acclaimed on publication. This is the O'Hara novel that is most consistently praised by critics. Of it, Hemingway wrote: "If you want to read a book by a man who knows exactly what he is writing about and has written it marvelously well, read Appointment in Samarra." On the other hand, writing in the Atlantic Monthly in March, 2000, critic Benjamin Schwarz and writer Christina Schwarz said "So widespread is the literary world's scorn for John O'Hara that the inclusion... of Appointment in Samarra on the Modern Library's list of the 100 best [English] novels of the twentieth century was used to ridicule the entire project."

[[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith (talk)]] 14:15, 17 Aug 2004 (UTC)

John O'Hara pictures
Could you please note the sources of these photos? Since they are pictures of O'Hara as an adult, it is doubtful that the copyright has expired on them. Gamaliel 22:43, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Coal region talk, Where I was born and grew up
 * John O'Hara [Lost papers reward]
 * I would like to add the one on on the center of this page also, It's the best of O'Hara! * Scotty

Take the first one as an example. The page clearly states "Copyright © 1995-2004 by Coal Region Enterprises. All Rights Reserved". Why have you listed the picture as in the public domain? Gamaliel
 * >Gamaliel: I'm sure if there is a copyright by Coal Region Enterprises they don't have it for the pic, Anyway what do you suggest we do?

Unless you can establish that these pictures are in fact public domain or unless you can get permission from the actual copyright holder, they will have to be removed. Gamaliel 16:02, 14 August 2005 (UTC)

 * >Gama: Do what you must. I'm sure there will be more, and not by me.

I will be more cautious next time. Thanks Scotty

BUtterfield 8
The name of the novel is "BUtterfield 8" and not "Butterfield 8". Bowsie Jnr 10:46, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Absolutely. Dpbsmith (talk) 11:00, 20 January 2006 (UTC)

A recent un-logged-in editor changed it to Butterfield 8. I've been clicking around, and a definitive answer is harder to come by than I thought. There's no doubt at all that the telephone exchange was presented as BUtterfield 8, with the B and the U both capitalized: they were the letters that were dialled.

Some book jackets display it that way:

http://i.biblio.com/b/564s/128474564-0-s.jpg

http://i.biblio.com/z/985/966/9780812966985.jpg

http://brothersjudd.com/reviews/images/butterfield8.gif

New York Times reviews of the book and the movie spell it with a lower-case u, Butterfield 8.

A movie poster is ambiguous: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/Butterfield8_movieposter.jpg/200px-Butterfield8_movieposter.jpg The spelling "BUtterfield 8" appears, but as a tag line. The title of the movie is displayed in all upper case.

I'm sticking with BUtterfield 8 until someone comes up with a solid reference to the contrary. Dpbsmith (talk) 02:47, 4 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I've changed the first two references back to BUtterfield 8 - all the others are correct. I also linked the first reference to the article on BUtterfield 8, but unfortunately this is the film - so I'm not entirely happy with the link (there is no article on the novel). Any views? Brymor (talk) 18:53, 8 January 2017 (UTC)
 * For what it's worth, the WP article for the 1960 film is BUtterfield 8 and includes an image of the theatrical release poster with the text "just call... BUtterfield 8". JezGrove (talk) 23:31, 1 August 2017 (UTC)

Excessive POV
Although I agree that the sentiments expressed herein are almost certainly correct, I think that the following paragraph is almost grotesquely POV. It either needs to be completely rewritten, or it needs to have numerous citations to back up its opinions, or it needs to be deleted. Your choice.... Hayford Peirce 20:36, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * "Critical disdain for O'Hara -- like that the literary establishment expressed towards his contemporary John P. Marquand -- had less to do with his merits as a writer than with the political tilt of academic and journalistic critics. Both wrote about a subject that made Americans generally profoundly uncomfortable: privilege and inequality. Having clawed their way into a sort of respectability, the critics resented and scorned authors willing to explore the institutions from which they themselves derived their fragile sense of social superiority."

Goodness. It seems to have been added 19:00, 20 September 2005 by User:Pdobkinh. I would say it is a "reasonable" or "arguable" point of view, but I would not go so far as to say it is "almost certainly correct." First of all, being considered part of the Western Canon by Harold Bloom doesn't exactly seem to me to be exactly "critical disdain." O'Hara was highly esteemed. And I am not so sure he was underrated. I personally don't see his writing as being, say, in the Nobel Prize category. Second, I don't think it was his politics, his commercial success and his popular appeal; critics always have a problem with that.

Anyway, it shouldn't be in the article unless it can be shown to be a quote, or a fair paraphrase or summary of published material. Dpbsmith (talk) 22:20, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Oops. I miscommunicated.  I meant that the *motives* this writer ascribes to the various critics for denigrating O'Hara are almost certainly correct.  Although it *must* be possible for someone like poor low-brow me merely to say that, in my opinion, a lot of his stuff is "long-winded" or "tedious" or even "boring", without that being an expression of my fragile sense of self, hehe.... Hayford Peirce 23:38, 12 March 2006 (UTC)
 * And I don't think the Nobel committee gave the prize to Steinbeck because of their "fragile sense of social superiority." Dpbsmith (talk) 21:07, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

"Another way of looking at this is as an example of social injustice and tragedy. In his youth O'Hara definitely wanted and had planned to go to Yale. He was prevented from this by poverty. In view of his later accomplishment as a writer, it would have been equally advantageous to O'Hara personally and to the university if that had been the case. It could also be asked why Yale did not see fit to award him an honorary degree. Many less famous people have surely got such degrees from that esteemed institution in the past."
 * What is this except Yale ax-grinding? MST3Kakalina (talk) 08:58, 9 May 2012 (UTC)MST3Kakalina

Unfortunately, we now seem to be back with Excessive POV. In an impressive series of edits, 76.19.106.205 has made the article much more readable, but his/her enthusiasm goes over the top occasionally. In the following quotations, the original text is given first, the edited text second:

 * O'Hara was a keen observer of social status and class differences
 * O'Hara was an unparalleled observer of social status, manners and class differences.

I agree that 'keen' is boring, but 'unparalleled' is excessive.

 * New insert:
 * No American author of his era, Fitzgerald included, equal O'Hara for his ability to depict social status at all levels in early to mid 20th century America.

This really is excessive POV. 'No American author of his era'? What about Sinclair Lewis. Needs a fix (or a citation). And whoever fixes it should correct the syntax error.

 * the keen sense of social awareness that characterizes his work.
 * It also gave him an acute social consciousness that distinguishes his work to this day.

'to this day' is over the top, arguably 'acute' is also (but less so).

 * In 1934, O'Hara published his first novel, Appointment in Samarra, which won instant acclaim. This is the O'Hara novel that is most consistently praised by critics.
 * In 1934, O'Hara published his first novel, Appointment in Samarra, which won instant acclaim and more praise than any of his 14 novels.

I have reverted this. The new edit is badly expressed, and the list on the page includes 17 novels!

 * Several of the columns directly exhibit his knowledge of trivia about and yearning for association with Ivy League colleges
 * Several of his columns show off his knowledge of trivia about and yearning for association with Ivy League colleges

'show off' is not encyclopedia speak, but I am inclined to leave it - it reads ok? Brymor (talk) 18:51, 8 February 2017 (UTC)

 * I agree with all the above with the exception of the final example, which should neither express "direct exhibition" nor "showing off":
 * "Several of his columns demonstrate his knowledge of trivia about and yearning for association with Ivy League colleges."
 * And yes, NPOV being one of the Five Pillars should be achieved whenever possible. Please keep up the good editing!   Paine Ellsworth   u/ c  22:35, 9 February 2017 (UTC)
 * PS. That entire section is filled with quotations that need to have inline citations in accord with WP:CS. PS added by  Paine Ellsworth   u/ c

 * Yes, I like "demonstrate his knowledge" - perfect!

 * But what about the problematic:

 * No American author of his era, Fitzgerald included, equal O'Hara for his ability to depict social status at all levels in early to mid 20th century America.

 * We need something solid at this point, but I'm struggling to provide it. How about:

 * "O'Hara was pre-eminent among American authors of his era at depicting social, including sexual, realism."  Brymor (talk) 17:09, 10 February 2017 (UTC)

 * Yes, that's much better!  Paine Ellsworth   u/ c  17:36, 10 February 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:John O'Hara


text:
Nelson Mandela University

Nelson Mandela University, formerly Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, is a public university in South Africa. Established in 2005, it comprises the former University of Port Elizabeth, the Port Elizabeth Technikon and Vista University's Port Elizabeth campus. This university has its main administration in the coastal city of Gqeberha.

Nelson Mandela University was founded through a merger of three institutions in January 2005, but its history dates back to 1882, with the foundation of the Port Elizabeth Art School. It is a comprehensive university offering professional and vocational training. The university has seven campuses – six in Gqeberha and one in George. The main campus of the university is the South Campus. Students at Nelson Mandela University can study towards a diploma or a degree up to doctoral level. A number of courses include workplace experience as part of the curriculum at Nelson Mandela University. English is the university's medium of instruction.

History and formation
Plans for the then NMMU where first revealed in 2002, by then Minister of Education, Kader Asmal. The proposal was part of larger plan to restructure higher education in South Africa. The first step in the merger came with the incorporation of Vista PE by UPE on 2 January 2004, followed by the merger of PE Technikon and UPE on 1 January 2005.

NMMU was formed in 2005 through the merger of the Port Elizabeth Technikon, and the University of Port Elizabeth. In 2004, prior to the merger, UPE had taken control of the Port Elizabeth Campus of Vista University. PE Technikon had a satellite campus in George, which was also merged. The first chancellor of the university was Chief Justice Pius Langa, and Justice Ronnie Pillay was the first chairperson of Council. Rolf Stumpf was the first vice-chancellor and chief executive officer of the university, and was succeeded by Professor Derrick Swartz on 1 January 2008. Professor Sibongile Muthwa is the current vice-chancellor after her appointment in 2017.

The name of the university was formally changed from Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University to Nelson Mandela University on 20 July 2017.

PE Technikon
PE Technikon had its roots in the Port Elizabeth Art School, which was founded in 1882 and was the oldest art school in South Africa, situated in Russell Road, Central. It was later renamed the College for Advanced Technical Education (CATE). The college moved to University Way in Summerstrand in 1974, and became PE Technikon in 1979. The Port Elizabeth Teachers' Training College was located in 2nd Avenue, Summerstrand. It was taken over by PE Technikon in 1994, and became known as the College Campus.

Saasveld Forestry College was founded as the Tokai School for Forest Apprentices in 1912 in Cape Town. The school was an offshoot of the South African College Schools. In 1932, it moved to its current location, between George and Knysna. The campus was taken over by PE Technikon from the Department of Agriculture in 1985.

The Algoa College of Education was situated in Struandale, approximately 25 km away from Summerstrand. It became part of the PE Technikon in 2001, and was known as the Algoa Campus. In 2001, the George Campus was added to by purchasing Hurteria Building in the city centre.

At the time of the merger, PE Technikon had more than 10 000 students. The institution's last Chancellor was former Speaker of Parliament Frene Ginwala, the last Vice-Chancellor Prof Hennie Snyman and the last Chair of Council being Mr Clive Stanton.

University of Port Elizabeth
The University of Port Elizabeth was the country's first dual-medium (English and Afrikaans) residential university. It came into being on 31 January, with the adoption by Parliament of Act 1 of 1964. The first academic year commenced on 1 March 1965. Initially situated in a series of buildings on Bird Street, in the historic Central district, UPE moved to a modern, purpose-built campus – incorporating residences, a sports complex and the towering Main Building in Summerstrand in 1974. The campus was officially opened in August 1975, and the final move from Bird Street came in 1979 with the opening of the science blocks at Summerstrand. The university retained some of its Bird Street buildings and these became the centre of community outreach activities.

Built on 830 ha of land donated by the then Port Elizabeth City Council, the campus was declared a nature reserve in 1983.

At the time of the merger, UPE had more than 9 000 contact students and almost 5 000 distance education students. The last Chancellor was Brigalia Bam, the last Vice-Chancellor Prof Nthabiseng Ogude and the last Chair of Council Mr Trevor Jennings.

Vista University
Vista was founded in 1981. The Port Elizabeth campus was built in 1982. Subsequently, seven decentralised contact tuition campuses were established, centred on township areas where the need for accessible and affordable higher education was most urgent. In 1982 the Port Elizabeth campus consisted of a small, prefabricated building patched between the national road to Uitenhage and the edge of Zwide township. Its location opened up access to higher education for many students from socially and financially disadvantaged backgrounds.

The campus had its first academic year in 1983, and in 1991 a permanent brick structure was completed. Later additions, such as the Conference Hall and Arena, provided accessible facilities for the surrounding community for large events. With seating for 5 000, the Arena is the Eastern Cape's largest indoor venue.

Initially focused on the upgrading of teachers through its Education Faculty, in its subsequent growth Vista far surpassed the narrow field of expertise cut out for it, producing graduates in business, law, science and the humanities.

At the time of the merger, Vista PE had approximately 2 000 students and was led by Acting Campus Principal Prof Miemie Struwig. with its first academic year in 1983. It was taken over by UPE.

Governance and administration
The ceremonial head of the university is the chancellor, who, in the name of the university, confers all qualifications. The vice-chancellor is responsible for the day-to-day running of the university. Deputy vice-chancellors for research, innovation and internationalisation, learning and teaching, people and operations as well as the registrar, acting as the secretary to the university's council, assist the vice-chancellor in her duties. There is an executive dean for each faculty, as well as learning and teaching. Other management committee positions are the dean of students, and campus principals for the Missionvale and George campuses.

The current chancellor is Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi, appointed in 2018. The current vice-chancellor is Sibongile Muthwa, who was appointed in 2017. Dr Kaluke Mawila is the campus principal at George Campus and the current Missionvale campus principal is Phakama Ntshongwana.

Campuses
The university currently has seven campuses. Six of them are located in Gqeberha, and one is in George. The South, North, Second Avenue and Ocean Sciences campuses are all situated in Summerstrand, Gqeberha close to the beach.

 * The South Campus is the main campus of Mandela University, having previously been used by UPE. It was built on 830 ha of land donated by the then Port Elizabeth City Council and completed in 1965, the campus was declared a nature reserve in 1983. It is the only university campus in South Africa to be situated on a nature reserve and the only university to offer game drives on its campus.
 * The North Campus is located adjacent to the South Campus. It was the main campus of PE Technikon before the merger.
 * The 2nd Avenue Campus was the PE Technikon's College Campus and is now used for various diploma programs. It houses the university's Business School as well as the Archives and Exhibition Centre.
 * The Missionvale Campus is located between Gqeberha and Uitenhage. It was the Port Elizabeth campus of Vista University. The Indoor Sport Centre is the Eastern Cape's largest indoor venue with seating for 4000 people. Also the campus for South Africa's 10th medical school opened in 2020.
 * The Bird Street Campus was used by Rhodes University, prior to becoming the initial campus of the University of Port Elizabeth in the 1960s. It is located in PE's central business district. It was home to the university's business school but has subsequently become the university's art hub, housing an art gallery.
 * The George Campus is located 8 km outside the city centre (between George and Knysna) and specializes in environmental studies, particularity forestry, nature conservation and game ranch management.

Students and staff
In 2020 there were approximately 28,000 students enrolled at the university.

Notable alumni and staff

 * Nashwa Eassa, nano-particle physicist
 * Alan Knott-Craig (Jnr), technology entrepreneur
 * Dave Richardson, ICC general manager and former Proteas cricket player
 * Paul Treu, rugby coach
 * André Vos, former Springbok captain
 * Eben Venter, award-winning Afrikaans novelist and master's graduate
 * Garth Wright, former Springbok rugby player
 * Amber Anderson, HR executive at Coca-Cola Fortune

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Nelson Mandela University


text:
Nicholas Maw

John Nicholas Maw (5 November 1935 – 19 May 2009) was a British composer. Among his works are the operas The Rising of the Moon (1970) and Sophie's Choice (2002).

Biography
Born in Grantham, Lincolnshire, Maw was the son of Clarence Frederick Maw and Hilda Ellen Chambers. He attended the Wennington School, a boarding school, in Wetherby in the West Riding of Yorkshire. His mother died of tuberculosis when he was 14. He attended the Royal Academy of Music on Marylebone Road in London where his teachers were Paul Steinitz and Lennox Berkeley. He then studied in Paris with Nadia Boulanger and Max Deutsch.

From 1998 until 2008, Maw served on the faculty of the Peabody Institute at Johns Hopkins University, where he taught music composition. He had previously served on the faculties of Yale University, Bard College, Boston University, the Royal Academy of Music, Cambridge University, and Exeter University.

Personal life
In 1960, Maw married Karen Graham, and they had a son and a daughter. Their marriage was dissolved in 1976. He took up residence in Washington, DC in 1984, living there with his companion Maija Hay, a ceramic artist, until his death. He died at home on 19 May 2009, at age 73, as a result of heart failure with complications from diabetes.

On Sunday 6 November 2011, BBC Radio 3 broadcast a 2-hour tribute called, "Nicholas Maw: A Celebration". The program featured performances of Maw's Violin Concerto, an orchestral suite drawn from his opera, Sophie's Choice, and two choral works (One foot in Eden still, I stand and Hymnus).

Compositions
Maw is best known for Scenes and Arias (1962) for three female voices and orchestra, the orchestral pieces Odyssey (1987) and The World in the Evening (1988), the guitar work Music of Memory (1989) and a violin concerto (1993) written for Joshua Bell. His music has been described as neo-romantic but also as modernist and non-tonal (for instance Personæ, his cycle of piano pieces).

In 2002, the opera Sophie's Choice (based on William Styron's novel) was commissioned by BBC Radio 3 and the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. It was premièred at the Royal Opera House under the direction of Sir Simon Rattle, and afterwards received a new production by stage director Markus Bothe at the Deutsche Oper Berlin and the Volksoper Wien, which had its North American premiere by the Washington National Opera in October 2006. Mezzo-soprano Angelika Kirchschlager, who sang Sophie in London, reprised the role at the National Opera, joined by American baritone Rod Gilfry as Nathan Landau, the schizophrenic man who initially rescues Sophie and then persuades her to join him in a suicide pact. Maw also prepared a concert suite for orchestra based on the music.

Odyssey was performed in BBC's Maida Vale Studios on 9 December 2005, and was broadcast on BBC Radio 3 two days later. Rattle has also conducted a recording of the work with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra.

Chronological list of compositions

 * Eight Chinese Lyrics (1956) for mezzo-soprano
 * Requiem (1956–57) for voices & orchestra
 * Flute Sonatina (1957)
 * Nocturne (1957) for mezzo-soprano & chamber orchestra
 * Six Chinese Songs (1959) for contralto & piano
 * Five Epigrams (1960) for chorus
 * Our Lady's song (1961), carol for chorus
 * Chamber Music (1962) for oboe, clarinet, horn, bassoon & piano
 * Scenes and Arias (1962, rev. 1966) for soprano, mezzo-soprano, contralto and orchestra
 * Round (1963) for children's voices, SATB chorus and piano
 * The Angel Gabriel (1963), choral arrangement of Basque melody
 * Bulalow (1964), carol for chorus
 * One Man Show (1964, rev. 1966 & 1970), opera
 * Arrangement of Corpus Christi Carol (1964) for sopranos and piano
 * String Quartet No. 1 (1965)
 * Severn Bridge Variation (1966) for a composite work with Malcolm Arnold, Michael Tippett, Alun Hoddinott, Grace Williams and Daniel Jones
 * Sinfonia (1966) for chamber orchestra
 * Six Interiors (1966) for tenor and guitar
 * Sonata (1966) for strings and two horns
 * The Voice of Love, Eight Peter Porter songs (1966) for mezzo-soprano & piano
 * Double Canon for Igor Stravinsky on his 85th Birthday (1967)
 * The Rising of the Moon (1967–70), three-act opera
 * Concert Music from The Rising of the Moon (arr. 1972) for orchestra
 * Epitaph-Canon in Memory of Igor Stravinsky (1971) for flute, clarinet & harp
 * Five Irish Songs (1972) for chorus
 * Personae I, II & III (1973) for piano
 * Serenade for orchestra (1973, rev. 1977)
 * Life Studies (1973–76) for fifteen strings
 * Te Deum (1975) for treble or soprano, tenor, SATB chorus, congregation and organ
 * Reverdie (1975), five songs for male voices
 * Annes! (1976) for unaccompanied SATB chorus
 * Nonsense Rhymes for Children (1976), 20 songs with piano accompaniment
 * La Vita Nuova (1979), five songs for soprano and chamber ensemble
 *  The Ruin (1980) for SSAATTBB chorus and solo horn
 * Flute Quartet (1981)
 * Summer Dances (1981) for orchestra
 * Night Thoughts (1982) for solo flute
 * String Quartet No. 2 (1982)
 * The Old King's Lament (1982) for solo double-bass
 * Spring Music (1982–83) for orchestra
 * Little Suite (1984) for solo guitar
 * Sonata Notturna (1985) for cello & strings
 * Personae IV, V & VI (1985–86) for piano
 * Little Concert (1987) for oboe, two horns & strings
 * Odyssey (1972-5, 1979, 1985-7) for orchestra
 * Ghost Dances (1988), imaginary ballet for five players
 * The World in the Evening (1988) for orchestra
 * Five American Folksongs (1989) for voice & piano
 * Music of Memory (1989, rev. 1991) for solo guitar
 * Three Hymns (1989), for SATB chorus and organ
 * Roman Canticle (1989, rev. 1991) for baritone, flute, viola & harp
 * One Foot in Eden Still, I Stand (1990) for mixed chorus and optional organ
 * Piano Trio (1990-1)
 * American Games (1991) for wind orchestra
 * Shahnama (1992) for chamber orchestra
 * The Head of Orpheus (1992) for soprano & two clarinets
 * Swetė Jesu (1992) for chorus
 * Violin Concerto (1993)
 * String Quartet No. 3 (1994)
 * Dance Scenes (1994–95) for orchestra
 * Voices of Memory (1995) for orchestra
 * Hymnus (1995–96) for SATB chorus and orchestra
 * Solo Violin Sonata (1996–97)
 * Stanza (1997) for solo violin
 * Narration (2001) for solo cello
 * Intrada (2001) for string quartet
 * Sophie's Choice (1999-2002), four-act opera based on the William Styron novel
 * Concert Suite from Sophie's Choice (2003) for orchestra with optional mezzo-soprano
 * Tango from Sophie's Choice (2004) for solo guitar
 * Fanfare (2004) for brass ensemble
 * Concerto for Cor Anglais and Orchestra (2004)
 * String Quartet No. 4 (2005)
 * String Sextet (2007)

Works lists may be found online.

title: Nicholas Maw


text:
Ford D2C platform

The Ford D2C platform (for "D-class 2-door coupe") is one of Ford's rear-wheel drive automobile platforms.

The platform basics are a MacPherson strut suspension in front and 3-link solid axle in the rear with a Panhard rod. Unlike previous Special Vehicle Team (SVT) Mustang variations, the Shelby GT500 does not include independent rear suspension, but instead has a solid rear axle.

Considered a new platform by Ford Motor Company, D2C is loosely based on the Ford DEW platform which served as the basis for the Lincoln LS, Ford Thunderbird, and Jaguar S-Type. The 2005 S197 Mustang was originally designed to use a "Lite" version of the DEW98 platform, but while that plan was eventually scrapped as too expensive, most D2C platform development completed prior to that decision was retained. This led to the carryover of several DEW98 chassis components. These components include the floor pans, portions of the transmission tunnel, the front frame rails, and basic fuel tank design.

Differences between D2C and DEW98 are most noticeable in the suspension: The DEW98-based Lincoln LS uses a 4-wheel independent double wishbone suspension. The D2C platform's MacPherson strut front suspension and solid axle rear suspension are less expensive to produce than DEW's more complicated setup. D2C also shares components with other Ford platforms. These include Ford's global C1 platform, with which D2C shares front strut and rear trailing arm components.

Ford's The Way Forward plan called for Mustang derivative models (such as a 4-door) to be launched by 2008, but that never occurred.

The next D2C-based Mustang was launched in Model Year 2015 with the new S550, adding an independent rear suspension (IRS). In 2023, the S650 became the third iteration of the Mustang to use the D2C platform, and featured several upgrades including new stabilizers, lower control arms, rear suspension links, shocks, and springs.

title: Ford D2C platform


text:
Pinson Mounds

The Pinson Mounds comprise a prehistoric Native American complex located in Madison County, Tennessee, in the region that is known as the Eastern Woodlands. The complex, which includes 17 mounds, an earthen geometric enclosure, and numerous habitation areas, was most likely built during the Middle Woodland period (c. 1-500 AD). The complex is the largest group of Middle Woodland mounds in the United States. Sauls' Mound, at 72 ft, is the second-highest surviving mound in the United States.

The Pinson Mounds are now part of Pinson Mounds State Archaeological Park, one of two archaeological parks in Tennessee (the other being Old Stone Fort near Manchester). Pinson Mounds is a National Historic Landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Geographic setting

The Pinson Mounds are located on a plateau-like upland above the wetlands that line the banks of the South Fork of the Forked Deer River. The river and its wetlands form the complex's southern boundary. The Pinson Mounds are located amidst three distinctive biotic zones: the oak forests atop the plateau, the cypress forests in the wet bottomlands, and the beech forests on the slopes between the uplands and the bottomlands. The ground is mostly composed of Tertiary period rocks known for producing high-quality clay.

The mounds complex can be roughly divided into three sections— the Inner section, situated at the center of the complex around Saul's Mound, the Western (or Ozier) section, and the Eastern section, which includes the geometric enclosure. A stream known as Hudson Branch runs perpendicular to the Forked Deer River and divides the Inner section from the Western section. The Eastern and Western sections are both roughly 1,500 meters from the Inner section.

The Pinson Mounds complex is managed by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. The Western section is managed by the Tennessee Division of Forestry and includes a nursery and irrigation pond. Pinson Mounds State Archaeological Park is located appx. 2.5 miles east of the town of Pinson and approximately 10 miles southeast of Jackson.

Archaeological features
The Pinson Mounds complex covers approximately 400 acre and contains at least 30 mounds, 17 of which have been identified as being completely or partially constructed by prehistoric peoples. The mounds range in height from the prominent 72-foot Saul's Mound to barely noticeable rises. Most mounds were probably constructed between 100 and 300 AD, based on radiocarbon dating and the predominance of Woodland-period artifacts found at the site. The following are major features at the Pinson Mounds site:

Inner Complex

 * Sauls' Mound (Mound 9), at the center of the complex. The mound was named after John Sauls, the owner of the property before its purchase by the state. Sauls' Mound is the second-highest prehistoric mound in the United States. The mound is rectangular in formation, with each corner aligned with one of the four cardinal directions. The mound's function was believed to be ceremonial. A viewing platform has been constructed atop the mound for park visitors. Dimensions: base— 112 x 91 meters, height— 22 meters.
 * Mound 10, a few meters to the east of Sauls' Mound. Mound 10 is believed to have been a platform mound with a ceremonial function. Dimensions: base— 61 x 40 meters, height— 1.3 meters.
 * Mound 11 Sector, a few meters to the north of Sauls' Mound, behind the museum. Mound 11 is a natural rise that is believed to have been a habitation area during the Middle Woodland period.
 * Mound 12, several meters southwest of Sauls' Mound. Mound 12 was a burial mound built upon an Early Woodland habitation area. Dimensions: base— 23 x 17 meters, height— 1.3 meters.
 * Mound 14 Sector, several meters southwest of Sauls' Mound. The Mound 14 Sector was a late-Woodland/early-Mississippian habitation area.
 * Mound 15, several hundred meters southwest of Sauls' Mound. Part of Mound 15 has been destroyed by cultivation. Dimensions: base— 46 x 50 meters, height— appx. 1 meter.
 * Mound 17, several hundred meters southeast of Sauls' Mound. Dimensions: appx. 12 meters long with a height of 1 meter.

Eastern Section

 * The Eastern Citadel, an earthen geometric enclosure located approximately 1500 m east of Sauls' Mound. William Myer gave the enclosure its present name in the early 20th century, although archeologists believe its function to have been primarily ceremonial rather than defensive.  The walls form a near-perfect semicircle with a diameter of 366 m, enclosing approximately 06 km2. The height of the walls is, on average, approximately 1.5 m.  The enclosed area is not level, with the western edge being approximately 12 m lower than the eastern edge.
 * Mound 29, a rectangular platform mound located along the eastern edge of the geometric enclosure. Mound 29 is aligned with Sauls' Mound in the direction of the equinox sunrise. Dimensions: base— 49 x, height— 3.5 m.
 * Mound 30, a bird-shaped mound a few meters south of Mound 29. The bird shape is thought to have been due to recent cultivation and subsequent erosion. Dimensions: approximately 24 m long with a height 1 m.
 * Mound 28, a rectangular platform mound located approximately 1500 m northeast of Sauls' Mound and several hundred meters north of the Eastern Citadel. Mound 28 is almost aligned with Sauls' Mound in the direction of the summer solstice sunrise. Dimensions: base— 62 x, height— 4 m.

Western (Ozier) Section

 * The Ozier Mound (Mound 5), a rectangular platform mound with an earthen ramp facing northeast. At 33 feet, the Ozier Mound is the second-largest mound in the complex. Dimensions: approximately 80 m in diameter, height of 10 m.
 * The Twin Mounds (Mound 6), a double-conical mound located a few meters south of the Ozier Mound. The Twin Mounds were burial mounds. Base approximately 30 x.
 * Mound 31, a burial mound located a few meters south of the Ozier Mound. Base appx. 40 x 60 meters.
 * The Cochran Area, a site located approximately 200 m west of the Ozier Mound section. The Cochran Area is believed to have been a temporary habitation area. The Cochran area covers appx. 5000 m2.

Pinson Mounds in recorded history
After the Chickasaw were forced from much of West Tennessee in 1818, land speculator Joel Pinson arrived in what is now Madison County to survey the area. Pinson "discovered" the complex which was named after him in 1820. The complex did not receive much attention until a Jackson-area journalist named J.G. Cisco began writing about it in the late 19th century. Cisco's articles drew the interest of the Smithsonian Institution.

In 1916 the Smithsonian dispatched the archaeologist William E. Myer to investigate the site. Myer suggested that the entire complex was built according to a master plan, and created a map for the site. In 1947, the Tennessee Division of Forestry purchased the Western section of the Pinson site.

Archaeological surveys and excavations

At the request of the Jackson Archaeological Society and the National Park Service, in December 1961 the University of Tennessee archaeologists Fred Fisher and Charles McNutt carried out the first major excavation of the Pinson Mounds. In the Mound 14 Sector, Fisher and McNutt discovered the remains of a 21 x house surrounded by a posthole-lined wall-trench and containing a central hearth and storage pits. Based primarily on the vast amount of pre-Mississippian culture debris found at the site and radiocarbon dating of charcoal, Fisher and McNutt concluded that the Pinson Mounds were probably built during the Middle Woodland period, c. 1-500 AD.

Excavations by Dan Morse and Richard Polhemus in 1963 uncovered what they believed was an oval-shaped house, a large hearth, and various refuse pits. Morse and Polhemus agreed that the mounds were mostly built during the Middle Woodland period. The state purchased the prehistoric property in 1965 from the Williams and Saul families. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places that same year.

In the 1970s, John Broster of the Tennessee Division of Archaeology carried out extensive investigations of the site's Western section and the Mound 12 Sector. Broster uncovered a human cremation pit and evidence of Early Woodland-period habitation at Mound 12. Broster's team also found a number of "exotic" artifacts at the Cochran area. This suggested Pinson Mounds may have been a "manufacture" area for grave goods, or a regional trade center.

In the 1980s, Robert Mainfort discovered six tombs in the Twin Mounds, one of which contained the remains of eight young women wearing headdresses with copper adornments. Another tomb had four older men, one of whom had been buried with two round rattles bearing abstract designs. Mainfort also uncovered a single burial in Mound 31 and evidence of food offerings at the base of the mounds.

Excavations carried out prior to construction of park facilities uncovered a possible habitation area at Mound 11 and a large number of 19th-century artifacts. In the late 1990s, four additional mounds were verified as prehistoric, bringing the total to 17.

The function of the Pinson Mounds

The Middle Woodland natives most likely built the Pinson Mounds primarily for religious ceremonial purposes, although their motives have yet to be established definitively. The Ozier Mound contains no burials and because of its shape, ramped and flat-topped, it was most likely used as a ceremonial platform. It is one of the oldest such mounds in the Eastern Woodlands region. At least three of the mounds— 6, 12, and 31— contain burials or cremations. Excavations have turned up a relatively scant amount of cultural material (e.g., arrowheads and pottery fragments), which points to a lack of permanent habitation at the Pinson Mounds site.

Some evidence suggests that the layout of the Pinson Mounds might be due to astronomical alignment, and expresses the people's cosmology, as is the case at some later mound complexes, such as Cahokia. The corners of Sauls' Mound, for instance, face the four cardinal directions. The Eastern and Western sections of the complex are roughly equidistant (appx. 1,500 meters) from the Inner complex, although the alignment is not exact. Mound 29 in the Eastern section is aligned with Sauls' Mound in the direction of the equinox sunrise, and Mound 28 is almost aligned with Sauls' in the direction of the Summer solstice sunrise. To date, no mound has been found in the direction of the Winter solstice sunrise.

Pinson Mounds State Archaeological Park

The park's museum is built within a "replica" of a platform mound. Its exhibits include artifacts obtained from the various excavations at the Pinson site, as well as various other artifacts from around the region. The museum is also home to the West Tennessee Regional Archaeology offices and an archaeological library.

The park contains approximately 6 miles of walking trails, most of which explore the mounds and associated features. South of Sauls' Mound, a boardwalk looks out over the South Fork of the Forked Deer River and its wetlands. The park is also the site of Archaeofest, an event held every September that celebrates the site's prehistoric builders.

title: Pinson Mounds


text:
Monika Mann

Monika Mann (7 June 1910 – 17 March 1992) was a German American author and feature writer. She was born in Munich, Germany, the fourth of six children of the Nobel Prize–winning author Thomas Mann and Katia, née Katharina Pringsheim.

She trained as a pianist and her early attempts at a musical career seemed promising, but were not met with success and she instead pursued a career as a writer. She married in 1939 but lost her husband the following year, when the ship on which they were travelling to Canada was sunk by a German submarine. Later that year she joined her family in Princeton, New Jersey, and was granted US citizenship in 1952.

Between 1954 and 1986, she lived with her partner Antonio Spadaro in Villa Monacone on Capri. This was her most productive time as a writer and her books and several magazine articles were written during this period. After the death of her partner she left Capri and spent her last years until her death with her brother Golo's adopted family in Leverkusen, Germany.

Family and early life
Thomas Mann was already well established as a novelist and short story writer at the time of Monika's birth, although his Nobel Prize came many years later. Her mother, born Katharina Hedwig Pringsheim, was the daughter of the German Jewish mathematician and artist Alfred Pringsheim and the actress Hedwig Pringsheim. Due to her being the granddaughter of Júlia da Silva Bruhns, she was also of Portuguese-Indigenous Brazilian partial descent.

Monika had an elder sister, Erika (1905–1969) and two elder brothers, Klaus (1906–1949) and "Golo" (1909–1994). A year after Monika's birth her mother was ill with a lung complaint and was one of the first patients to be admitted to the Wald Sanatorium in Davos, Switzerland. There was an interval of eight years before the birth of the last two children, a sister Elisabeth (1918–2002) and a brother Michael (1919–1977). Her uncle was the novelist Heinrich Mann.

She was not her parents' favourite. Her father confessed frankly in his diary that, of the six children, he preferred the two oldest, Klaus and Erika, and little Elisabeth. Her mother wrote in 1939 to Klaus that she was determined not to say any more unfriendly words about Monika and to be kind and helpful. In the family letters and chronicles she was often described as weird. ". . . after a three week stay here (in the parental home) she is still the same old dull quaint Mönle (her nickname in the family), pilfering from the larder . . .".

After boarding school at Schule Schloss Salem she trained as a pianist in Lausanne and spent her young years in Paris, Munich, Frankfurt and Berlin. In 1933 when Hitler came to power she emigrated with her parents to Sanary-sur-Mer in southeastern France. In 1934 she studied music and history of art in Florence, taking private piano tuition from the Italian composer Luigi Dallapiccola.

Later career
In Florence she met the Hungarian art historian Jenő Lányi and in 1938 the couple left Italy for London, where they married on 2 March 1939. They left for Canada in 1940 on the SS City of Benares, carrying 90 child evacuees, their ten escorts, 91 paying passengers (including 10 children), and 215 crew. On 17 September the ship was sunk by a torpedo from the German submarine, U-48. The couple managed to climb into Lifeboat 6 (also containing Anthony Quinton and his mother). As the lifeboat began to lower, the blocks slid out of place, and the stern end of the boat fell, flinging more than two thirds of the roughly sixty people into the sea. The couple fell into the water. Monika grabbed and clung on to a large piece of wood floating nearby. Jenő, however, drowned, and she heard him call to her three times before he went under. She floated around in the sea for several hours, before a lifeboat, the same Lifeboat 6 from which she had fallen, found her drifting in the sea. The lifeboat was heavily waterlogged and only 23 people were still in the lifeboat. Slowly, one by one, 15 of the occupants died. Mann was one of eight people who survived. Only one other woman, Letitia Quinton, in this lifeboat survived. The only child survivor was Quinton's son, Anthony. After 20 hours they were rescued by a British ship and taken to Scotland. Of the 406 people on board the Benares, only 148 had survived. Among the 258 people who had died, were 81 children out of 100. She reached New York on 28 October 1940 on the troopship Cameronia, and joined her parents, who had moved to the US in 1939, at the outbreak of World War II. For a while she lived with her parents, who showed little sympathy for her. Her traumatic loss of her husband and her attempts at a new beginning with them were ignored. Later she moved into her own apartment near her parents. From 1943 to 1952, with short breaks, she lived in New York. After attempts to renew her career as a pianist she turned to employment as a writer. In 1952 she was granted US citizenship, but she was already planning her return to Europe. In September she travelled with her sister Elizabeth's family to Italy. After a few months in Genoa, Bordighera and Rome she fulfilled her desire to live in a beautiful region by moving to Capri, where she lived in the Villa Monacone with her partner, Antonio Spadaro. In Capri she blossomed. During this period she wrote five books and contributed regular feature pages to Swiss, German and Italian newspapers and magazines. She remained in Capri for 32 years until the spring of 1986, a few months after the death of Spadaro in December 1985.

She was not able to realise her desire to live in Kilchberg, Zurich with her parents, who had returned to Europe. She spent her last years at Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia, in the care of Ingrid Beck-Mann, the widow of her brother Golo's adopted son, and died on 17 March 1992. She was buried in the family grave in Kilchberg.

Selected works

 * English translation by
 * Der Start. Ein Tagebuch. Steinklopfer-Verlag, Fürstenfeldbruck 1960
 * Tupfen im All. Hegner, Köln/Olten 1963
 * Wunder der Kindheit. Bilder und Impressionen. Hegner, Köln/Olten 1966
 * Der letzte Häftling. Eine wahre Legende in onore eines (letzten) Komponisten. Lemke, Lohhof 1967
 * Das fahrende Haus. Aus dem Leben einer Weltbürgerin. Hrsg. with an epilogue by Karin Andert. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2007, ISBN 978-3-499-24513-8 (Interviews, Texte und Briefe)
 * Der letzte Häftling. Eine wahre Legende in onore eines (letzten) Komponisten. Lemke, Lohhof 1967
 * Das fahrende Haus. Aus dem Leben einer Weltbürgerin. Hrsg. with an epilogue by Karin Andert. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2007, ISBN 978-3-499-24513-8 (Interviews, Texte und Briefe)

title: Monika Mann


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Gillmore Medal

The Gillmore Medal is a military decoration of the United States Army which was first issued on October 28, 1863. The medal is named after Maj. Gen. Quincy A. Gillmore who commanded Union troops attempting to seize Fort Wagner in 1863 during the American Civil War.

Also called the Fort Sumter Medal, the Gillmore Medal commemorates the men who served in the fighting around Charleston, South Carolina, in 1863 and was presented to all Union soldiers who had served under General Gillmore’s command. The medal was pinned to the front of a military jacket from a swivel with no attached ribbon.

Since the Gillmore Medal was issued on the local authority of General Gillmore, it was considered an unofficial decoration by the United States Army, but was permitted for wear on a military uniform. In 1905, with the creation of the Civil War Campaign Medal, the Gillmore Medal was declared obsolete.

One such medal was awarded to Albert York (commanding Co. I, 100th New York Volunteer Infantry) for Gallant and Meritorious Conduct for his participation in the Battle of Morris Island in April 1863. These medals are extremely rare because they are usually coveted by the living heirs and rarely come up for sale.

title: Gillmore Medal


text:
L. C. Schnürlein

L. C. Schnürlein (fl. nineteenth century) was a German mathematician and educator.

Having studied under Carl Friedrich Gauss, he became a teacher at the gymnasium in Hof, tutoring, among others, Carl Culmann and Philipp Ludwig von Seidel.

title: L. C. Schnürlein


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Proteoglycan

Proteoglycans are proteins that are heavily glycosylated. The basic proteoglycan unit consists of a "core protein" with one or more covalently attached glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain(s). The point of attachment is a serine (Ser) residue to which the glycosaminoglycan is joined through a tetrasaccharide bridge (e.g. chondroitin sulfate-GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-PROTEIN). The Ser residue is generally in the sequence -Ser-Gly-X-Gly- (where X can be any amino acid residue but proline), although not every protein with this sequence has an attached glycosaminoglycan. The chains are long, linear carbohydrate polymers that are negatively charged under physiological conditions due to the occurrence of sulfate and uronic acid groups. Proteoglycans occur in connective tissue.

Types
Proteoglycans are categorized by their relative size (large and small) and the nature of their glycosaminoglycan chains. Types include:

Certain members are considered members of the "small leucine-rich proteoglycan family" (SLRP). These include decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican.

Function
Proteoglycans are a major component of the animal extracellular matrix, the "filler" substance existing between cells in an organism. Here they form large complexes, both to other proteoglycans, to hyaluronan, and to fibrous matrix proteins, such as collagen. The combination of proteoglycans and collagen form cartilage, a sturdy tissue that is usually heavily hydrated (mostly due to the negatively charged sulfates in the glycosaminoglycan chains of the proteoglycans). They are also involved in binding cations (such as sodium, potassium and calcium) and water, and also regulating the movement of molecules through the matrix. Evidence also shows they can affect the activity and stability of proteins and signalling molecules within the matrix. Individual functions of proteoglycans can be attributed to either the protein core or the attached GAG chain. They can also serve as lubricants, by creating a hydrating gel that helps withstand high pressure.

Synthesis
The protein component of proteoglycans is synthesized by ribosomes and translocated into the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Glycosylation of the proteoglycan occurs in the Golgi apparatus in multiple enzymatic steps. First, a special link tetrasaccharide is attached to a serine side chain on the core protein to serve as a primer for polysaccharide growth. Then sugars are added one at a time by glycosyl transferase. The completed proteoglycan is then exported in secretory vesicles to the extracellular matrix of the tissue.

Clinical significance
An inability to break down the proteoglycans is characteristic of a group of genetic disorders, called mucopolysaccharidoses. The inactivity of specific lysosomal enzymes that normally degrade glycosaminoglycans leads to the accumulation of proteoglycans within cells. This leads to a variety of disease symptoms, depending upon the type of proteoglycan that is not degraded. Mutations in the gene encoding the galactosyltransferase B4GALT7 result in a reduced substitution of the proteoglycans decorin and biglycan with glycosaminoglycan chains, and cause a spondylodysplastic form of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome.

Distinction between proteoglycans and glycoproteins
Quoting from recommendations for IUPAC:

"A glycoprotein is a compound containing carbohydrate (or glycan) covalently linked to protein. The carbohydrate may be in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide(s), oligosaccharide(s), polysaccharide(s), or their derivatives (e.g. sulfo- or phospho-substituted). One, a few, or many carbohydrate units may be present. Proteoglycans are a subclass of glycoproteins in which the carbohydrate units are polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. Such polysaccharides are also known as glycosaminoglycans."

title: Proteoglycan


text:
User talk:Zebra7

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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title: User talk:Zebra7


text:
Reelfoot Lake State Park

Reelfoot Lake State Park is a state park in the northwest corner of Tennessee in the United States. It encompasses Reelfoot Lake and is situated in Lake and Obion counties. The park itself makes up 280 acre, divided into ten sections around the lake. A major hunting and fishing preserve, it is part of a much larger wildlife refuge which comprises 25000 acre, 15000 acre of which are water, and harbors almost every kind of shorebird, as well as the golden and American bald eagles. Other animals are also diverse and abundant. The many species of flowering and non-flowering plants attract botany enthusiasts from all over the country. Baldcypress dominates the margins of the lake, but many other trees and shrubs are also present.

Activities
Activities at Reelfoot Lake State Park include boating, fishing, hiking, museum and nature center, picnic facilities, wildlife viewing, and planned programs and events.

Boating
Reelfoot lake is open to boating throughout the year. Boat ramps are located at various points around the lake. As Reelfoot Lake contains a partially submerged forest, boaters should use caution at all times.

Fishing
Fishing is available throughout the year on Reelfoot lake. Bass, crappie, and catfish are most popular sought after fish. The appropriate Tennessee fishing license and lake permits are required for anglers.

Hiking
Reelfoot Lake State Park offers several easy to moderate trails allowing access to the unique wetland areas available. Trail information is available at the park's visitor center.

Museum and Nature Center
The R.C. Donaldson Memorial Museum features a variety of exhibits displaying the ecology, history, and culture of the area. The nature center at the museum contains various non-releasable raptors, several snakes, and other wildlife.

Picnic facilities
Reelfoot offers visitors approximately 200 picnic sites. Most of the sites have grills and all sites are adjacent to drinking water, toilet facilities, and playgrounds. The park also offers five large pavilions for group use.

Wildlife viewing
A plethora of wildlife is available for viewing at Reelfoot Lake State Park. Popular wildlife for viewing include Bald eagles, golden eagles, ospreys and other birds of prey. Reelfoot Lake is also located on a major migratory bird flyway which creates opportunities to view a variety of waterfowl, shorebirds, herons, and songbirds. It also has a diversity of turtles and snakes. Turtles include the pond slider, painted, and map turtles. Snakes include the banded and diamondback water snakes, the venomous cottonmouth, and the milk and corn snakes. Frogs, also common, include the green frog, and the gray and green tree frogs, which are vocal during the summers.

Planned programs
Rangers at Reelfoot offer a variety of programs throughout the year. From January through Mid-March, the park offers a bald eagle tour around Reelfoot lake. Scenic boat tours are offered on the lake from May through September.

title: Reelfoot Lake State Park


text:
List of British Jews

List of British Jews is a list of prominent Jews from the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

Although the first Jews may have arrived on the island of Great Britain with the Romans, it was not until the Norman Conquest of William the Conqueror in 1066 that organised Jewish communities first appeared in England. These existed until 1290 when the Jewish population of England was expelled by King Edward I of England.

There was never a corresponding expulsion from Scotland. The eminent scholar David Daiches states in his autobiographical Two Worlds: A Scottish born Jewish Childhood that there are grounds for saying that Scotland is the only Immigrant country with no history of state persecution of Jews.

Jews were re-admitted to England and Wales in 1656 by Oliver Cromwell. Slightly more than 200 years later, in 1858 they were emancipated, that is, accepted as full citizens. In the late 19th century, there was mass Jewish immigration to England from Russia due to Russian domestic policy. In the 1930s, the country accepted many refugees from Nazism. The Jewish population peaked at 450,000, but has since declined due to low birth-rate, intermarriage and emigration, mainly of the younger generation to Israel. According to the 2001 census, the current population is around 295,000, most of whom live in London.

Scientists

 * See List of British Jewish scientists, which includes economists.

Historians

 * David Abulafia, professor of history, University of Cambridge
 * Geoffrey Alderman, historian
 * Richard David Barnett, museum curator and archaeologist
 * Norman Cohn, historian
 * Isaac Deutscher, historian
 * Geoffrey Rudolph Elton, historian
 * Samuel Finer
 * Sir Moses I. Finley, historian and sociologist
 * Sir Martin Gilbert, historian
 * Martin Goodman
 * Philip Guedalla, biographer
 * Eric Hobsbawm, historian and Communist theoretician
 * Jonathan Israel, historian
 * Joseph Jacobs, editor of the Jewish Encyclopedia
 * Lisa Jardine, historian
 * Tony Judt, Director of the Erich Maria Remarque Institute at New York University
 * Elie Kedourie, historian and political scientist
 * Otto Kurz, historian
 * Bernard Lewis, historian
 * David Malcolm Lewis, professor of history, University of Oxford
 * Hyam Maccoby, professor of history
 * Sir Philip Magnus, 1st Baronet, educationalist and politician
 * Sir Philip Magnus-Allcroft, 2nd Baronet, biographer
 * Shula Marks, expert on African history
 * Arnaldo Momigliano, professor of history, University College London
 * Lewis Bernstein Namier, historian (converted to Anglicanism)
 * Sir Francis Palgrave (born Cohen) (1768–1861), historian
 * Ilan Pappé Israeli born New Historian, author of The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine and professor at The University of Exeter
 * Sir Michael Postan, historian
 * Cecil Roth, historian and editor of the Encyclopaedia Judaica
 * Simon Schama, historian
 * Leonard Schapiro, historian
 * Simon Sebag Montefiore, historian
 * Charles Singer, historian of science
 * Sir Aurel Stein, archeologist
 * Barry Supple, economic historian
 * Geza Vermes

Medical

 * Sir George Alberti, President, Royal College of Physicians
 * Asher Asher, first Scottish Jewish doctor
 * Henry Cohen, 1st Baron Cohen of Birkenhead, President of the Royal Society of Medicine
 * Sir Ian Gainsford, dentist
 * Sir Abraham Goldberg, Regius Professor of Medicine, University of Glasgow, 1923–2007
 * Max Hamilton, psychiatrist
 * Roderigo Lopez, New Christian doctor to Queen Elizabeth I
 * John Henry Marks, former chairman of the British Medical Association
 * Sir Jonathan Miller, physician and theatre director
 * Leslie Turnberg, Baron Turnberg, professor, FMedSci
 * Oliver Zangwill, professor of psychology

Philosophers

 * Samuel Alexander, professor of philosophy at Manchester, born in Australia, the first Jewish fellow of an Oxbridge college
 * Sir Alfred Ayer, philosopher, populariser of logical positivism (Jewish mother)
 * Sir Isaiah Berlin, political philosopher
 * Max Black, philosopher
 * Gerald Cohen, Oxford professor of philosophy
 * Laurence Jonathan Cohen, Oxford professor of philosophy
 * Ernest Gellner, philosopher social scientist
 * H. L. A. Hart, legal philosopher
 * Brian Klug, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy, St Benet's Hall, University of Oxford; concepts of race, antisemitism, Islamophobia, Jewish identity
 * Stephan Korner, Bristol professor of philosophy
 * Imre Lakatos, Hungarian-born philosopher
 * Alexander Piatigorsky, philosopher, Buddhologist, writer
 * Sir Karl Popper, philosopher of science (family became Lutheran)
 * Jonathan Romain, minister of Maidenhead Jewish community and leader of the British reform movement
 * Richard Rudolf Walzer
 * Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher; Jewish grandparents on both sides of the family who had converted to Christianity in the 19th century; he was christened, raised and eventually buried as a Catholic
 * Richard Wollheim

Social scientists

 * Roy Clive Abraham, linguist
 * Michael Balint, psychoanalyst (converted to Unitarianism)
 * Zygmunt Bauman, sociologist
 * Basil Bernstein, linguist
 * Vernon Bogdanor, professor of politics
 * Gerald Cohen, professor of social and political theory
 * Arthur Lumley Davids, linguist and orientalist
 * Norbert Elias, sociologist
 * Herman Finer, political scientist
 * Samuel Finer, political scientist
 * Sir Moses I. Finley, historian and sociologist
 * Meyer Fortes, anthropologist
 * Eduard Fraenkel, philologist
 * Anna Freud, child psychoanalyst
 * Norman Geras, professor of government
 * Morris Ginsberg, sociologist
 * Max Gluckman, anthropologist
 * Theodor Goldstücker, orientalist
 * Jean Gottmann, professor of geography, Oxford University
 * Julius Gould, sociologist
 * David Hirsh, lecturer in sociology
 * Paul Hirst, social theorist (Jewish mother)
 * Marie Jahoda, psychology of discrimination
 * Melanie Klein, child psychoanalyst
 * Geoffrey Lewis Lewis, professor of Turkish
 * Steven Lukes, political scientist
 * Ashley Montagu, anthropologist and humanist
 * Isaac Schapera, anthropologist
 * Edward Ullendorff, linguist

Theologians and Hebraists

 * Isaac Abendana, Hebraist
 * Chimen Abramsky, professor of Hebrew
 * Lionel Barnett, orientalist
 * Abraham Benisch, Hebraist and editor of the Jewish Chronicle
 * Immanuel Oscar Menahem Deutsch, Semitic scholar and orientalist
 * Alfred Edersheim, Bible scholar
 * Philip Ferdinand, professor of Hebrew
 * Christian David Ginsburg, expert on the Masoretic text
 * Ridley Haim Herschell, missionary
 * Marcus Kalisch, Hebraist and Biblical commentator
 * David Levi, Jewish scholar
 * David Samuel Margoliouth, orientalist (family converted to Anglicanism)
 * Hugh Montefiore, bishop
 * Adolf Neubauer, Hebraist
 * Stefan Reif, Cambridge academic
 * Judah Segal, professor of Semitic languages
 * Joseph Wolff, missionary

Others

 * Sidney Greenbaum, Quain Professor of English Language and Literature, University College London 1983–90

Fine arts

 * Frank Auerbach, painter
 * Edith Birkin, painter
 * David Bomberg, painter
 * Sir Anthony Caro, sculptor
 * Benno Elkan, sculptor
 * Sir Jacob Epstein, sculptor (UK-based)
 * Hannah Frank, artist and sculptor
 * Barnett Freedman, artist
 * Lucian Freud, painter
 * Abram Games
 * Mark Gertler, painter
 * Zoltán Glass, photographer
 * Gluck (Hannah Gluckstein), artist
 * Walter Goodman, painter
 * Dora Gordine, artist and sculptor
 * Harrison Marks, photographer
 * Solomon Alexander Hart, painter
 * Lily Delissa Joseph, painter
 * Anish Kapoor, sculptor (Jewish mother)
 * R. B. Kitaj, US-born painter
 * Leon Kossoff, 1926–2019 (The Guardian Leon Kossoff obituary)
 * Jacob Kramer, painter
 * Lennie Lee, Young British Artist; mixed media
 * Horatio Joseph Lucas, painter
 * Linda McCartney, photographer
 * Ruth Rix, painter
 * Sir William Rothenstein
 * Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon
 * Isaac Snowman, painter
 * Solomon Joseph Solomon, painter
 * Alfred Wolmark, painter
 * Berthold Wolpe, printer

Designers and architects

 * Nicole Farhi, fashion designer
 * John Frieda, hair stylist; father of actor Jordan Frieda
 * Ray Kelvin, fashion designer, founder of Ted Baker
 * Denys Lasdun, architect
 * Stella McCartney, fashion designer
 * Erich Mendelsohn, architect
 * Janet Reger, lingerie designer
 * Vidal Sassoon, hair stylist
 * Richard Seifert, architect

Arts and literature

 * Sir Israel Gollancz, Shakespeare expert
 * Sir Ernst Gombrich, art historian
 * Sir Sidney Lee, editor of the Dictionary of National Biography and Shakespeare expert
 * Siegbert Salomon Prawer, professor of German
 * Sir Nicholas Serota, Director of the Tate Gallery, 1988–2017
 * Ernest Simon, professor of Chinese
 * Arthur Waley, poet, translator of Chinese and Japanese literature

Performing arts

 * See List of British Jewish entertainers (includes classical musicians and actors as "entertainers").

Writers

 * See List of British Jewish writers.

Civil service

 * Abraham Manie Adelstein, government statistician
 * Sir Hermann Bondi, Chief Scientific Adviser to the Ministry of Defence and the Department of Energy
 * Sir Andrew Cohen, colonial administrator
 * Eugene Grebenik, first head of the Civil Service College
 * Hans Kronberger, nuclear physicist
 * Sir Alan Marre, Second Permanent Secretary, Health; later Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration
 * Sir Claus Moser, Lord Moser, government statistician

Finance

 * Sir Ernest Cassel, banker
 * Sir Ronald Cohen, Egypt-born businessman and Labour party supporter
 * Moses da Costa, also called Anthony da Costa
 * Abraham and Benjamin Goldsmid, brothers, leading financiers and philanthropists
 * Sir Isaac Lyon Goldsmid, financier, a leading figure in Jewish emancipation and in the foundation of University College London
 * Desmond Hirshfield, Baron Hirshfield, chartered accountant and financial adviser to Trade Unions
 * Dudley Joel, financier
 * Solomon Joel, financier
 * Lord Levene of Portsoken, Peter Keith Levene, chairman of Lloyd's of London, Lord Mayor of London (1998–1999)
 * Aaron of Lincoln, 12th-century financier
 * Moses Haim Montefiore, financier and philanthropist
 * Nathan Mayer Rothschild, financier and banker
 * Joseph Salvador, first Jewish director of the British East India Company
 * Barons Swaythling, bankers
 * Samuel Montagu, 1st Baron Swaythling

Law

 * Sir John Balcombe, Lord Justice of Appeal
 * Judah P. Benjamin, American exile, lawyer
 * Herbert Bentwich, lawyer and Zionist leader
 * Norman Bentwich, lawyer and Attorney-General of Palestine; son of Herbert Benwitch
 * His Honour Gerald Butler, Q.C., judge
 * Alex Carlile, Baron Carlile of Berriew, QC (former Liberal Democrat MP and peer, now independent from 2017)
 * Arthur Cohen, QC and politician
 * Lionel Cohen, Baron Cohen, Lord of Appeal
 * Myrella Cohen, judge, QC and agunah campaigner
 * Lawrence Collins, Baron Collins of Mapesbury, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
 * Hazel Cosgrove, Lady Cosgrove, Scottish Queen's Counsel and sheriff
 * David Daube, professor of law
 * Dame Hazel Genn
 * Sir Francis Henry Goldsmid, MP for Reading, first Jewish barrister (Q.C. 1858)
 * Sir David Lionel Goldsmid-Stern-Salomons, barrister
 * Peter Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith, Attorney General
 * Arthur Lehman Goodhart, jurist
 * William Goodhart, Baron Goodhart, human rights lawyer and politician (son of Arthur Goodhart)
 * Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman, solicitor
 * Dame Rose Heilbron, Britain's first female Q.C., judge
 * Rosalyn Higgins, President of the International Court of Justice
 * Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading, lawyer and politician
 * Sir George Jessel, Solicitor General for England and Wales, later Master of the Rolls
 * Anthony Julius, prominent lawyer for Princess Diana, and against David Irving
 * Neville Laski, judge
 * Hersch Lauterpacht
 * Brian Leveson, Lord Justice of Appeal
 * Leone Levi, barrister and statistician
 * George Henry Lewis,
 * Gavin Lightman, judge; son of Harold Lightman
 * Harold Lightman, barrister, father of Gavin Lightman and Stafford Lightman
 * Sir Alan Mocatta, judge
 * Victor Mishcon, Baron Mishcon, solicitor
 * David Neuberger, Baron Neuberger of Abbotsbury, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom; son of Albert Neuberger, brother of James Neuberger and Michael Neuberger, and brother-in-law of Julia Neuberger
 * David Pannick, Baron Pannick, barrister and House of Lords crossbencher
 * David Pearl, judge
 * Nicholas Phillips, Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers, President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
 * Sir Bernard Rix, Lord Justice of Appeal (2000–2013)
 * Leonard Sainer, solicitor and retailer
 * Cyril Salmon, Judge
 * Fiona Shackleton, solicitor who has acted for the royal family and Paul McCartney
 * Lewis Silkin, 1st Baron Silkin, solicitor
 * Victoria Starmer, English solicitor and Spouse of the British Prime Minister
 * Linda Joy Stern, Q.C., prosecutor and judge
 * Julius Stone
 * Eldred Tabachnik, Q.C., former president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews
 * Peter Taylor, Baron Taylor of Gosforth, Q.C., former Lord Chief Justice
 * Vivian Wineman, former president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews
 * Harry Woolf, Baron Woolf, former Lord Chief Justice, Q.C., former Master of the Rolls

Manufacturing

 * Sir Leon Bagrit, pioneer of automation
 * Sir Monty Finniston, industrialist
 * David Gestetner, inventor
 * Joseph Kagan, Baron Kagan, clothes manufacturer and disgraced friend of Prime Minister Harold Wilson
 * Sir Emmanuel Kaye, industrialist and philanthropist
 * Lord Alan Sugar, founder and chairman of Amstrad (1968–2007)
 * Sir Robert Waley-Cohen, industrialist
 * Arnold Weinstock, Lord Weinstock, Chairman of GEC

Media

 * Emma Barnett, radio presenter
 * Rachel Beer, newspaper editor
 * Rafael Behr, journalist
 * Sidney Bernstein, cinema owner
 * Benjamin Cohen, Channel 4 News reporter and presenter
 * Richard Desmond, publisher, Chairman of the Daily Express Group
 * André Deutsch, publisher
 * Jonathan Freedland, journalist and author
 * Hadley Freeman, journalist
 * Tanya Gold, journalist
 * Lew Grade, founder of ATV
 * Michael Grade, Chairman of the BBC from 2004 to 2006 and executive chairman of ITV plc from 2007 to 2009.
 * Michael Green, founder of Carlton Television
 * Miles Jacobson OBE, owner and founder of Sports Interactive and inventor of Football Manager
 * Sydney Jacobson, newspaper editor
 * Natasha Kaplinsky, newsreader, TV presenter
 * Joseph Moses Levy, owner of the Daily Telegraph
 * Edward Levy-Lawson, 1st Baron Burnham, newspaper proprietor
 * Robert Maxwell, publisher
 * Suzy Menkes, fashion journalist
 * Victoria Coren Mitchell, writer, presenter and professional poker player
 * David Patrikarakos, journalist
 * Robert Peston, TV reporter
 * Melanie Phillips, journalist
 * Stephen Pollard, editor and journalist
 * Gail Rebuck, publisher [www.independent.co.uk/life-style/interview-gail-warning-1154352.html]
 * Paul Reuter, founder of Reuters
 * Rachel Riley, television presenter and co-host of Countdown
 * Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild, Non-Executive Deputy Chairman of the Board, British SKY Broadcasting Group PLC
 * Joshua Rozenberg, journalist
 * Maurice Saatchi, Baron Saatchi and Charles Saatchi, founders of Saatchi and Saatchi
 * Richard Sharp (BBC chairman), BBC chairman
 * Martin Sorrell, founder of the WPP Group
 * George Weidenfeld, publisher

Military

 * Sir Edward Brampton, godson of King Edward IV, a knight and commander during the War of the Roses
 * Frank Alexander de Pass, World War I British Indian Army Victoria Cross recipient
 * Albert Goldsmid, colonel
 * Frederick John Goldsmid, general
 * Thomas William Gould, World War II Royal Navy Victoria Cross recipient
 * John Patrick Kenneally, World War II British Army Victoria Cross recipient (Jewish father)
 * Issy Smith, World War I British Army Victoria Cross recipient
 * Peter Stevens, World War II bomber pilot/POW and recipient of the Military Cross for numerous escape activities; a German-Jewish refugee living in London at the outbreak of hostilities; born Georg Franz HEIN in Hanover; committed identity theft in order to join the RAF; was naturalized a British citizen in 1946
 * Wing Commander Roland Robert Stanford Tuck, DSO, DFC and Two Bars, AFC (1916–1987), RAF fighter pilot, Battle of Britain and Battle of France (27 air-to-air kills), English Electric Canberra test pilot
 * Jack White, World War I British Army Victoria Cross recipient

Property

 * Jack Cotton, property developer
 * David Garrard, property developer
 * Artin Eli, property developer
 * Poju Zabludowicz, owner of Tamares Group

Retail

 * David Alliance, Baron Alliance, businessman and Liberal Democrat politician
 * Sir Victor Blank, chairman of GUS
 * Sir Montague Burton, retailer
 * Sir Charles Clore, owner of Selfridges
 * Jack Cohen, founder of Tesco
 * Ralph and David Gold, founders of Ann Summers and co-owners of Birmingham City football club
 * Sir Philip Green, owner of Bhs, Arcadia Group
 * Irene Howard, English costume designer; sister of actor Leslie Howard
 * Stanley Kalms, now Baron Kalms of Edgware, life president of Dixons Group PLC
 * Bernard Lewis, founder of River Island
 * David Lewis, department store founder
 * Michael Marks, co-founder of Marks & Spencer (born in the Russian Empire)
 * Simon Marks, chairman of Marks & Spencer
 * Gerald Ronson, business tycoon and philanthropist
 * Marcus Samuel, founder of the "Shell" Transport and Trading Company
 * Israel Sieff, chairman of Marks & Spencer
 * Joseph Stillitz, founder and chairman of Gor-Ray
 * Lord Alan Sugar, founder of Amstrad and star of The Apprentice (UK)
 * Isaac Wolfson, founder of GUS plc; philanthropist

Police

 * Henry Solomon,  Chief Constable of Brighton Borough 1838 to 1844

Political figures

 * See List of British Jewish politicians.

Religious and communal leaders

 * Jacob Abendana, Haham of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews
 * Barnett Abrahams, Dayan, Principal of Jews' College
 * Israel Abrahams, scholar and educator
 * Yehezkel Abramsky, rabbi and dayan
 * Hermann Adler, Chief Rabbi
 * Nathan Marcus Adler, Chief Rabbi
 * Benjamin Artom, Haham of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews
 * Rabbi Dr. Tony Bayfield, head of the Movement for Reform Judaism
 * Leo Baeck, German-born rabbi, scholar, theologian
 * Jon Benjamin, Chief Executive, Board of Deputies of British Jews
 * Moses Berlin, 19th-century British Reform rabbi
 * Lionel Blue, Reform rabbi and broadcaster
 * Shmuley Boteach, American-born Orthodox rabbi, author, and TV and radio host
 * Sir Israel Brodie, Chief Rabbi
 * Felix Carlebach, German-born rabbi
 * Eli Cashdan, rabbi
 * Albert Chait, rabbi and broadcaster, Leeds
 * Isidore Epstein, rabbi, Principal of Jews' College
 * Harry Freedman, rabbi
 * Moses Gaster, Haham of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews
 * Sir Hermann Gollancz, rabbi and educator
 * Aaron Hart, Chief Rabbi
 * Joseph H. Hertz, Chief Rabbi
 * Shmuel Yitzchak Hillman, rabbi and dayan
 * Solomon Hirschell, Chief Rabbi
 * Moses Hyamson, acting Chief Rabbi
 * Louis Jacobs, rabbi and educator
 * Laura Janner-Klausner, Senior Rabbi of the Movement for Reform Judaism
 * Immanuel Jakobovits, Baron Jakobovits, Chief Rabbi
 * Nathan S. Joseph
 * Casriel Dovid Kaplin, rabbi and dayan
 * James Kennard, rabbi and educationalist
 * Hart Lyon, Chief Rabbi
 * Frederick de Sola Mendes, rabbi
 * Solomon Mestel, British rabbi
 * Ewen Montagu, President of the United Synagogue
 * Claude Montefiore, lay synagogue leader
 * Julia Neuberger, Reform rabbi
 * David Nieto, Haham of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews
 * Isaac Nieto, Haham of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews
 * Michael Plaskow, minister
 * Jonathan Romain, rabbi
 * Sir Anthony Rothschild, first president of the United Synagogue
 * Lord Jonathan Sacks, Chief Rabbi
 * Solomon Marcus Schiller-Szinessy, rabbi and first Jewish professor in Cambridge
 * Elyakim Schlesinger, rabbi
 * Joseph ben Yehuda Leib Shapotshnick, rabbi
 * Simeon Singer, rabbi
 * Simon Waley Waley, lay leader
 * Chaim Weizmann, Zionist leader
 * Jonathan Wittenberg, Massorti rabbi

Show business

 * See List of British Jewish entertainers.

Aviation

 * Diana Barnato Walker, first British woman to break the sound barrier

Boxing

 * Barney Aaron (Young), English-born US lightweight, Hall of Fame
 * Jackie Kid Berg, Junior Welterweight Champion (IBHOF), wore a Star of David on his trunks
 * Roman Greenberg, IBO intercontinental heavyweight champion
 * Gary Jacobs, Scottish, British, Commonwealth, and European (EBU) champion welterweight
 * Ted "Kid" Lewis (Gershon Mendeloff), world welterweight champion 1915–16, 1917–19
 * Daniel Mendoza, 18th-century heavyweight world champion, family relative of actor Peter Sellers and Mike Mendoza (talksport), radio and television presenter
 * Dutch Sam (Samuel Elias), boxing pioneer known as "The Terrible Jew"
 * Young Dutch Sam, bare-knuckle boxing pioneer
 * Sid Smith, world flyweight champion in 1913
 * Matt Wells, lightweight and welterweight champion, in 1911 and 1914
 * Charley White (Charles Anchowitz), lightweight boxer from 1906 until 1923

Cricket

 * Mike Barnard, England, cricketer
 * Mark Bott, England, cricketer
 * Darren Gerard, England, cricketer
 * Steven Herzberg, English-born Australian, cricketer
 * Bev Lyon, England, cricketer
 * Dar Lyon, England, cricketer (brother of Bev)
 * John Raphael, England, batsman
 * Fred Trueman, cricketer (Jewish ancestry)

Fencing

 * Allan Jay, British (épée and foil), Olympic two-time silver, world champion
 * Edgar Seligman (1867–1958), British (épée, foil, and sabre), Olympic two-time silver (épée), two-time British champion in each weapon

Football (association, soccer)

 * David Beckham, England, retired footballer
 * Nick Blackman, England, winger
 * George Cohen, Fulham and England's 1966 World Cup team, full back
 * Bradley Goldberg, England, forward
 * Joe Jacobson, Wales, left back (Wycombe Wanderers)
 * Scott Kashket, England, striker for Sutton United F.C.
 * Josh Kennet, England, midfielder/right back (Maccabi Herzliya)
 * Mark Lazarus, England, right winger
 * Tom Rosenthal

Motorsport

 * Woolf Barnato, British racing driver, financier and cricketer, three-time winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans
 * Sheila van Damm, British rally driver

Rowing

 * Zoe De Toledo, Olympic medalist
 * Josh West, American-born British, men's eight, Olympic silver, 2x World Rowing Championships silver and one bronze

Rugby league

 * Lewis Harris, England, English rugby league

Rugby union

 * Aaron Liffchak, England, prop, England national team
 * Alan Menter, England/South Africa, national team
 * John Raphael, Belgium/England, national team

Sailing

 * Tony Bullimore, Britain, yachtsman
 * Peter Jaffe, Britain, Olympic silver (yachting; star-class)

Table tennis

 * Viktor Barna (born "Győző Braun"), Hungary/Britain, 22-time world champion, International Table Tennis Foundation Hall of Fame (ITTFHoF)
 * Richard Bergmann, Austria/Britain, seven-time world champion, ITTFHoF
 * Benny Casofsky, English Swaythling Cup player
 * Jeff Ingber
 * Hyman Lurie, English three-time world bronze medallist
 * Ivor Montagu, Britain, national team

Tennis

 * Angela Buxton, England, won 1956 French Women's Doubles (w/Althea Gibson) and 1956 Wimbledon Women's Doubles (w/Gibson), highest world ranking # 9
 * Daniel Prenn, Germany and Britain, highest world ranking, #6

Track and field

 * Harold Abrahams, Britain, sprinter, Olympic champion (100-metre sprint) and silver (4x100-m relay) who was immortalized in the film Chariots of Fire
 * Sir Sidney Abrahams, Britain, Olympic long jumper
 * Jo Ankier, Britain, record holder (1,500m & 3,000m steeplechase)
 * Harry Kane, Britain, Olympic hurdler

Weightlifting

 * Ben Helfgott, Polish-born British, three-time British champion (lightweight), three-time Maccabiah champion; survived Buchenwald and Theresienstadt concentration camps, as all but one other of his family were killed by the Nazis
 * Edward Lawrence Levy, Britain, world weightlifting champion; 14 world records

Wrestling

 * Noam Dar, Israeli-born Scottish wrestler
 * Fred Oberlander, Austrian, British, and Canadian wrestler; world champion (freestyle heavyweight); Maccabiah champion
 * Samuel Rabin, Britain, Olympic bronze (freestyle middleweight)

Other sports

 * Ludwig Guttmann, founder of the Paralympics
 * David Pleat, former football manager
 * Barry Silkman, footballer and agent
 * David Triesman, former Chairman of the Football Association

Philanthropists

 * Bernhard Baron, cigarette maker and philanthropist
 * Sir Clive Bourne, philanthropist
 * Dame Vivien Duffield, philanthropist, daughter of Sir Charles Clore
 * Joseph Duveen, 1st Baron Duveen of Millbank
 * Anna Maria Goldsmid, philanthropist
 * Sir Basil Henriques, philanthropist
 * Maurice de Hirsch, banker and philanthropist
 * Samuel Lewis, financier and philanthropist
 * Sir Robert Mayer, philanthropist
 * Frederic David Mocatta, philanthropist

Miscellaneous

 * Barney Barnato, diamond miner
 * Jack Beddington, advertising executive
 * Neil Blair, literary agent
 * William Buzaglo, self-proclaimed inventor
 * Antonio Fernandez Carvajal, merchant, first Jew to be naturalised as a British citizen
 * Jeremiah Duggan, possible murder victim
 * Brian Epstein (1934–1967), music entrepreneur who discovered and managed the Beatles
 * Michael Foster, talent agent
 * Alexander Goldberg, human rights activist, chaplain and barrister
 * Henry Edward Goldsmid, East India Company servant
 * Kurt Hahn, educationalist
 * Nathaniel Isaacs, explorer
 * Aaron Kosminski, suspect in the Jack the Ripper case
 * Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner (1840–1899), educationist and orientalist
 * Sir Solomon de Medina, army contractor, first English Jew to be knighted
 * Nigella Lawson, celebrity chef
 * Chava Mond, model
 * Dorrit Moussaieff, Israeli-British businesswoman, entrepreneur, philanthropist and the First Lady of Iceland
 * Yotam Ottolenghi, celebrity chef, food writer
 * Don Pacifico, cause of the Pacifico incident
 * Krystyna Skarbek, spy
 * Sir Bernard Waley-Cohen, Lord Mayor of London
 * Sir Jame-Landold, Lord Mayor of London
 * Samuel Levene, Best Bae

title: List of British Jews


text:
Bishop's Mills, Ontario

Bishop's Mills is a community in the municipality of North Grenville, United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, in eastern Ontario, Canada, approximately 80 km south of Ottawa, south of Kemptville and east of Merrickville. An unincorporated place and Compact Rural Community, it has a population of about 135 and is the home of the Bishops Mills Natural History Centre.

The village name is derived from a grist mill and a saw mill built on a branch of the Rideau River, today called the North Branch of Kemptville Creek, by Chauncey Bishop (1796–1877) and his brother, Ira (1803–1883). Descended from Loyalists originally from Connecticut, Chauncey and Ira founded Bishop's Mills in the 1840s on land acquired from King's College, now the University of Toronto. This land was part of Lot 2 and 3, 9th Concession of Oxford Township, Grenville County, in what was then known as Upper Canada. A surveyed village plan was registered in 1885.

title: Bishop's Mills, Ontario


text:
Michael Mann (scholar)

Michael Thomas Mann (April 21, 1919 – January 1, 1977) was a German-born musician and professor of German literature.

Life
Born in Munich, Michael Mann was the youngest and sixth child of writer Thomas Mann and Katia Mann. His older siblings were Erika, Klaus, Golo, Monika and Elisabeth. He was of Jewish descent from his mother's side. Due to his being the grandson of Júlia da Silva Bruhns, he was also of Portuguese-Indigenous Brazilian partial descent.

He studied viola and violin in Zürich, Paris and New York City. He was a viola player in the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra from 1942 to 1947 as well as being a solo viola player. Accompanied by pianist Yaltah Menuhin, he made a concert tour in 1951 and recorded the 1948 Viola Sonata by Ernst Krenek. He was forced to give up professional music due to a neuropathy.

Mann gained a master's degree in musicology from Duquesne University and a PhD in German literature from Harvard before joining the German faculty at the University of California, Berkeley in 1961.

Mann published a number of books on musicology, short stories, an opera libretto and journal articles. Subjects of his publications included Goethe, Heinrich Heine, Schiller, Schubart and his father's works.

He was married to Gret and they had two sons, (born 1940) and Toni as well as an adopted daughter, Rhau.

He died in Orinda, California on 1 January 1977. There is a stone with his name on it on his parents' grave in Kilchberg, Switzerland.

Discography
Deutsche Grammophon. Recorded in Hanover, Germany

 * Arthur Honegger – Sonata for viola and piano (1920); Michael Mann (viola); Dika Newlin (piano); recorded 19 March 1952
 * Ernst Krenek – Sonata for viola and piano (1948); Michael Mann (viola); Yaltah Menuhin (piano); recorded 9 April 1951
 * Darius Milhaud - Quatre Visages (1943); Michael Mann (viola); Dika Newlin (piano); recorded 21 May 1952

Reissue: Johanna Martzy/Michael Mann: Complete Deutsche Grammophon recordings. Deutsche Grammophon/eloquence 484 3299 (2021)

title: Michael Mann (scholar)