text:
Senses Fail

Senses Fail is an American rock band formed in Ridgewood, New Jersey, in 2001. Founded by vocalist Buddy Nielsen, drummer Dan Trapp, guitarists Garrett Zablocki and Dave Miller, and bassist James Gill (replaced by Mike Glita shortly after); the band has seen many lineup changes, with Nielsen being the only consistent member. The band has released eight studio albums, two EPs, and one live album.

Formation and From the Depths of Dreams EP (2001–2003)
Senses Fail's beginnings started in October 2001 after James "Buddy" Nielsen posted an advertisement on the Internet to recruit members for the band. The advertisement attracted attention from Garrett Zablocki, who then began writing with Nielsen. Later Zablocki contacted Dave Miller to join the band who also brought along his friend, James Gill. After a short time with another drummer the band came across Dan Trapp, who was only 14-years-old at the time. Before the band signed to Drive-Thru Records, James Gill was kicked out of the band due to irreconcilable differences; he was replaced by former Tokyo Rose drummer Mike Glita.

Nielsen explained the band name, stating: "In Hinduism, they believe that being alive is hell, and the only way to reach Nirvana is to ultimately have no attachments to anything. So, people go out and live in the middle of the woods and they don't eat and don't drink. They just meditate because they've reached such a high level where they're not attached to love, relationships or anything. And if you want to reach the highest level of being and see God, you have to have all your senses fail."

Building a local fan base by playing any gig they could find from skate parks and clubs to churches, they soon entered the studio and started to record. Their first release, From the Depths of Dreams, was a six-track EP that was originally released on ECA Records on August 16, 2002. It originally started as two three-song demo CDs, but was later joined together to make one release by producer John Naclerio. The independent release did very well and caught the attention of some record labels. They signed to Drive-Thru Records, and reissued their EP on April 29, 2003, with two extra tracks, remastering, and new cover art. The b-side "Bastard Son" was also recorded during this time. The release saw much success, and sold enough copies to peak at No. 144 on the Billboard chart. In support of the EP, Senses Fail toured with such bands as The Used, Millencolin, The Starting Line, and Drive-Thru labelmates Finch.

Let It Enfold You (2004–2005)
Senses Fail started working on their debut album, Let It Enfold You in April 2003. During this time, lead singer and songwriter Buddy Nielsen was 18–19 years old. They worked with producer Steve Evetts (Saves the Day, A Static Lullaby, Every Time I Die) on their new label Vagrant Records. The lyrics were derived from a wide variety of sources. The title of the album was taken from a poem written by Charles Bukowski, the song "Irony of Dying on Your Birthday" is about the work of mythologist Joseph Campbell, and parts of the song "Slow Dance" include lines of the Dao De Jing. Nielsen stated that, "We just love making music and writing good songs. I feel like I've got a lot more to say and we've got a lot more to contribute. But even if things ended tomorrow, we've gotten 10 times further than we ever expected to get and that makes us feel like we've succeeded regardless of what happens from here on." Let It Enfold You was released on September 7, 2004, on Vagrant and Drive Thru Records. The album was certified gold by the RIAA, and has sold over 600,000 copies worldwide.

Let It Enfold You saw the release of two singles: "Buried a Lie" and "Rum Is for Drinking, Not for Burning." The music video for "Buried a Lie" was filmed on the set of the soap opera Guiding Light. Nielsen's mother, who shot the video, used to act in the show. The release of the video started attracting mainstream success for the band. During this period, Senses Fail were featured in magazines such as Kerrang!, Rolling Stone, Spin and appeared on the cover of Alternative Press.

The band toured extensively in support of the release. They were added to Warped Tour in 2004, 2005, and 2006, and 2009, and played on the main stage for the 2005 and 2006 editions of the tour. They were also included on the first Taste of Chaos tour in 2005 with such notable acts as The Used, My Chemical Romance, and Killswitch Engage. They also headlined a few tours of their own during this time with The Early November from Drive Thru and Emanuel from Vagrant.

The album was reissued in November 2005 with bonus tracks and new album art. In addition to the original track listing, it featured acoustic versions of songs from the album, an unreleased track, and a cover of the Suicidal Tendencies song "Institutionalized."

In 2005, the band's web site announced the departure, by mutual agreement, of guitarist Dave Miller. He was replaced by Heath Saraceno, previously the guitarist and vocalist of the band Midtown. Miller started his own record label called DMI (Dave Miller Industries) in September 2006.

The song "Lady in a Blue Dress," from this album, was released as a downloadable track on the Rock Band Network on March 4, 2010.

Still Searching (2006–2007)
After taking a break from touring, and acquiring a new lineup, Senses Fail began to write their second studio album. The new album, titled Still Searching was produced by Brian McTernan (Thrice, Cave In) and mixed by Chris Lord-Alge. This album eased up on the aggression on previous albums and showed more emotion. On the subject of the new songs, Nielsen explained, "I like my lyrics to be open to interpretation, but I didn't want to paint pictures of things no one was going to understand; I want our fans to be able to relate. At some point, we all start examining our lives. If you don't, there's something wrong with you."

In support of the new album, the band toured on the Taste of Chaos again. In 2006 they toured with the Taste of Chaos International, and in 2007 Senses Fail returned to North America for the 2007 Taste of Chaos tour. In the summer of 2007 they also participated in a few dates of the Zumiez Couch Tour alongside From Autumn to Ashes. They headlined in late 2006 with Saosin and Bleeding Through as supporters. On October 5, 2007, Senses Fail began a 33-city co-headlining tour with New Found Glory which started in Las Vegas, Nevada. Also on the tour was Set Your Goals. The tour ended on November 24, 2007, in San Diego, California.

On November 13, 2007, Senses Fail released a deluxe version of Still Searching, which featured new art, behind-the-scenes DVD featuring footage from the band's headlining tour last fall, two new songs, three b-sides, and a cover of The Cranberries' song "Salvation."

On December 8, 2007, bassist Mike Glita left the band to pursue his side project Knights In Paris. Jason Black joined as a temporary replacement, though he later became a permanent member.

The song "Can't Be Saved," from this album, is featured in the game Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock. One of their other singles, "Calling All Cars," is featured in the game Burnout Paradise.

Life Is Not a Waiting Room (2008–2009)
Their album Life Is Not a Waiting Room was released on October 7, 2008, through Vagrant, and began a nationwide tour the day after. On November 21, Senses Fail did an online interview with Ultimate Guitar, talking about the evolution of the band, their new bassist and the album.

On June 30, 2009, it was announced that guitarist Heath Saraceno would be leaving the band after the 2009 Warped Tour, stating: "I've shared many great times with these guys over the past four years or so. We've made two records I'm very proud of, toured the world and the States countless times, and I've made friends with people I would not have met otherwise. These guys from Jersey (and Atlanta by way of Florida) have turned into some of my closest friends, and I will miss seeing them as often as I've been able to." He was replaced by Zack Roach.

The Fire (2010)
The band began recording their new album, titled The Fire, at Salad Days Studio with Brian McTernan in June 2010 hoping to release later that year. The Fire was released in the UK on October 25, 2010, through Hassle Records and elsewhere on October 26 through Vagrant Records to generally positive reviews. The album does not feature Zack Roach on guitar, replacing Heath Saraceno after leaving in 2009, but instead has Garrett Zablocki playing both guitar roles. In February 2011, Garrett Zablocki left the band to attend college; however, he will be composing music for various films and videos.

Follow Your Bliss: The Best of Senses Fail (2012)
On July 13, 2011, Senses Fail posted "We are hanging writing new songs and practicing for the shows this weekend." on their Facebook page, and posted pictures via Twitter and Instagram of them in the studio.

Senses Fail announced that they would be going on tour with Stick to Your Guns, Make Do and Mend, and The Story So Far in November 2011.

The band then released The Fire on vinyl through Mightier Than Sword Records.

Senses Fail played again on the 2012 Vans Warped Tour. They released a greatest hits album entitled Follow Your Bliss: The Best of Senses Fail which featured music from all of their previous albums and came with an added four-track EP of new songs. The album was released on June 19, 2012, in a double-CD package and it is limited to 10,000 copies.

On June 15, they released "War Paint" from their Greatest Hits album.

Renacer (2013–2014)
On November 13, 2012, Senses Fail posted on their Facebook page that "We begin recording our fifth full-length album this week in Los Angeles, California. We will be working with producer Shaun Lopez (Far, Deftones) at The Airport Studio and Red Bull Studio. The recording is expected to wrap up in mid-December with a Spring 2013 release planned." The resulting album, Renacer, was released on March 26, 2013. On February 4, 2013, the first single, "Mi Amor" was released,along with pre-orders for the album. On March 1, 2013, a second single was released, "The Path."

The band played at the UK Slam Dunk Festival in May 2013.

The music video for "Between the Mountains and the Sea" was released on August 2, 2013

It was announced on June 2, 2014, via the band's Facebook page that Senses Fail would be doing a 10th Anniversary tour playing their record "Let It Enfold You" from start to finish and that ex-Poison the Well, current Big Black Delta live drummer, Chris Hornbrook would be replacing long time drummer, Dan Trapp.

Pull the Thorns from Your Heart, touring replacements, side projects (2014–2016)
In 2014, on their tumblr blog the band announced they signed to Pure Noise Records. Senses Fail would enter the studio in November to start recording their next full-length album which was scheduled to be released in summer 2015. It was later announced that the album would be titled Pull the Thorns from Your Heart.

On February 2, 2015, the band released a tease of their split EP on their Facebook. The EP was released on March 3, 2015. Pull the Thorns from Your Heart was released on June 30, 2015. The touring cycle for the record kicked off by playing the entirety of the 2015 Vans Warped Tour. The band then embarked on a winter co-headlining tour with Silverstein. On this tour, guitarist Matt Smith was absent due to the birth of his first child. Greg Styliades, who had previously toured with the band after Zack Roach returned home for the birth of his child, performed with the band on this tour. At this time, the band was classified by AbsolutePunk as screamo and "alternative".

On May 17, 2016, frontman Buddy Nielsen announced that he had formed a new band called Speak The Truth... Even If Your Voice shakes. The band also includes drummer Alex Pappas and guitarists Alex "Grizz" Linares and Daniel Wonacott, all formerly of the band Finch. They released their debut, self-titled 7" on November 4, 2016, via Bad Timing Records. The release features the songs Crash My Car and Go For The Throat.  Senses Fail bassist Gavin Caswell was later recruited to play bass at the outfits first ever live performance.

In 2016, the band performed at the recently revived Taste of Chaos festival in San Bernardino, California. After returning as a single day festival in 2015, Taste of Chaos returned as a full United States tour in 2016, culminating in the festival date. The festival took place on July 16, and also featured performances from The Starting Line, The Get Up Kids, and Quicksand, as well as 2016 Taste of Chaos full tour acts Saosin, Taking Back Sunday, and Dashboard Confessional.

The future of the band was left uncertain after it was revealed that guitarists Zack Roach and Matt Smith would no longer be touring with the band, with both choosing to focus on their families after the recent births of their children. Despite almost breaking up, the band took the rest of the summer of 2016 off to regroup. In late 2016, the band supported Sum 41 on their "Don't Call it a Sum Back" full United States tour. Bassist Gavin Caswell took over rhythm guitar duties live, with Styliades returning on bass guitar, and Jason Milbank filling the role of lead guitarist.

In Your Absence, Quince Años Tour and If There Is Light, It Will Find You (2016–2019)
On November 15, 2016, the band announced that in celebration of its upcoming fifteenth anniversary, they would be embarking on the Quince Años Tour in March and April 2017, with support from Counterparts, Movements, and Like Pacific. To commemorate the event, the band performed its 2006 album Still Searching in full, alongside a collection of career spanning songs.

On the same day, the band announced the release of their long teased acoustic EP, In Your Absence. It featured three brand new songs recorded and produced by Beau Burchell, alongside acoustic renditions of "Lost and Found" from Still Searching, and "Family Tradition" from Life Is Not A Waiting Room recorded and produced by Kyle Black. A music video was released for the lead single, "Jets to Peru", on January 26, 2017. The EP released on March 3, 2017, alongside the beginning of the Quince Años Tour.

The band entered the studio with Saosin guitarist Beau Burchell, who also handled recording duties on In Your Absence, to begin recording their seventh full-length album on June 27, 2017, to be titled If There Is Light, It Will Find You. Nielsen commented that the album would feature a style more akin to earlier releases, such as Let It Enfold You. The album was written entirely by Nielsen.

On August 2, it was revealed that former drummer Dan Trapp would be performing drums on the album, although current drummer Chris Hornbrook would still be performing and touring with the band. However, on January 8, 2018, Hornbrook announced his departure from the band. Hornbrook had been touring with Dhani Harrison during the recording sessions. On February 1, 2018, Steve Carey of The Color Morale was announced as the band's new drummer, following the announcement that The Color Morale would be entering a hiatus.

On November 30, the lead single "Double Cross" was released. A second single, "Gold Jacket, Green Jacket..." was released on January 11, 2018. On February 1, 2018, a third single, "New Jersey Makes, the World Takes" was released. The album was released on February 16, 2018.

On August 29, 2019, a re-recorded version of 2004's "Bastard Son" was released with a video, and the band announced the release date of a "reimagined" From the Depths of Dreams EP on September 6, 2019.

Hell Is in Your Head (2020–present)
In January 2020, Senses Fail announced that they had begun recording their eighth record, tentatively titled Hell Is In Your Head, and that it would follow the character from Still Searching after the events of the song "The Priest and the Matador." In March, they updated the working title to What the Thunder Said, Hell Is in Your Head.

On October 30, 2020, two Misfits covers were released as part of a split covers EP with the band Saves The Day titled Through Being Ghoul. On November 25, 2020, the band released an EP titled Christmas Has Been Canceled Due to Lack of Hustle which features two songs, a cover of Saturday Night Live's "I Wish It Was Christmas Today" and "Donde Esta Santa Clause".

On February 17, 2021, the band released "Lush Rimbaugh," coinciding with the death of conservative news pundit Rush Limbaugh. On August 18, a second single titled "Death by Water" was released alongside a music video, and featured Ice Nine Kills vocalist Spencer Charnas. On November 4, 2021, another new single was released alongside a music video titled "I'm Sorry I'm Leaving." The release of the song also saw the official announcement that Hell Is in Your Head would be released on July 15, 2022.

In September 2022, it was announced that bassist Greg Styliades would be only a part time touring member of the band so he could focus on his real estate career and raising his family.

Senses Fail were listed as a band to watch on day 1 of the 2023 Aftershock Festival by The State Hornet.

Musical style and influences
Senses Fail has been described as post-hardcore, emo, screamo,  metalcore,   pop punk, hardcore punk,  and punk rock. The band have cited Jimmy Eat World, The Get Up Kids, The Promise Ring, Appleseed Cast, Saves the Day, Thursday, The Casket Lottery, Lifetime, Metallica, Megadeth and Deftones as their influences.

Legacy
Senses Fail has been instrumental in the development of modern emo and post-hardcore music, with numerous bands such as A Day To Remember, The Devil Wears Prada, Issues, August Burns Red, and Miss May I citing the band as a major influence. Additionally, the band has helped popularize the sound of modern emo rap, cloud rap and trap music with some of their songs being sampled by artists such as Lil Peep and Juice Wrld.

Band members
Current
 * James "Buddy" Nielsen – lead vocals, piano, programming, additional percussion (2002–present)
 * Gavin Caswell – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2016–present); bass (2013–2016)
 * Jason Milbank – lead guitar, backing vocals (2016–present)
 * Steve Carey – drums (2018–present)
 * Daniel Wonacott – bass, guitars (2022–present)

Former
 * Garrett Zablocki – lead guitar, backing vocals (2002–2011)
 * Dan Trapp – drums, percussion (2002–2014, official; 2017–present, session)
 * Mike Glita – bass, backing screamed vocals (2002–2008)
 * Dave Miller – rhythm guitar (2002–2005)
 * Heath Saraceno – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2005–2009)
 * Jason Black – bass (2008–2012)
 * Zack Roach – lead guitar (2011–2016); rhythm guitar (2009–2011); backing vocals (2009–2016); bass (2012–2013)
 * Matt Smith – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2011–2016)
 * Chris Hornbrook – drums (2014–2018)
 * Greg Styliades – bass (2016–2022, part-time/touring 2022–present); guitars (touring 2015)
 * James Gill – bass (2002)

Touring musicians
 * Etay Pisano – guitars (2009–2010)
 * Jeremy Comitas – bass, backing vocals (2012)

Timeline

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Let It Enfold You (2004)
 * Still Searching (2006)
 * Life Is Not a Waiting Room (2008)
 * The Fire (2010)
 * Renacer (2013)
 * Pull the Thorns from Your Heart (2015)
 * If There Is Light, It Will Find You (2018)
 * Hell Is in Your Head (2022)

title: Senses Fail


text:
8 Foot Sativa

8 Foot Sativa is a New Zealand-based extreme metal band formed in 1998. Their most famous single is their self-titled song, "8 Foot Sativa", which was number one on the M2 (a late night New Zealand music show) top 12 list for 12 weeks, and stayed on the chart for seven months. The band has toured and released albums internationally, and have played alongside artists such as Fear Factory, Soulfly, Korn, Slipknot, System of a Down, Children of Bodom, Disturbed, Motörhead, Pungent Stench, Shihad and Corrosion of Conformity. 8 Foot Sativa have become a household name in New Zealand.

Early days (1998–2002)
8 Foot Sativa formed when members Brent Fox and Gary Smith met at Massey High School in Auckland, New Zealand. They both enjoyed metal music and played music together. Peter 'Speed' Young from Kelston Boys' High School joined the band as the band's drummer. 'Fat' Dave was on the bass guitar. In their early days, they were a cover band, who played music from Pantera, Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Sepultura, Metallica and Slayer.

'Fat' Dave often did not turn up to practices, so Brent Fox moved from guitar to bass. The band met their next vocalist, Ari, at a music school, where he was formally training as a drummer. Ari was the first vocalist to write original songs for the band, and wrote "Fuel Set", "Kick It All Away" and "Engine", which later appeared on the band's debut album.

During this time, the band met Justin 'Jackhammer' Niessen at a mall. According to Gary Smith: "He used to sneak into the gigs and we'd sneak him beers". After Ari's disappearance from the band (the other members didn't see him for several years), Niessen became the new vocalist.

Niessen is famous among 8 Foot Sativa fans for occasionally collapsing on-stage due to the strain of his vocal performances, most notably during a performance of "Destined to be Dead" on a New Zealand music show, Space. NZMusician.com claims that these collapses were due to, "shortage of breath attributed to a lack of vocal training".

Hate Made Me (2002)
In 2002, 8 Foot Sativa released their debut album, Hate Made Me, with the album later receiving gold status within New Zealand for selling more than 7,500 copies Shortly after the release of Hate Made Me, Young left the band, reportedly citing 'musical differences'. He was replaced with Sinate drummer, Sam Sheppard.

This album features what is probably 8 Foot Sativa's most well-known song, the eponymous "8 Foot Sativa", which is a staple of their live shows. It also appeared in an episode of Monster Garage.

Season For Assault (2003)
In 2003, 8 Foot Sativa released their second album Season for Assault, which neared gold status within New Zealand. The album features well- known songs "Chelsea Smile" and "Season For Assault".

Niessen resigned from the band two weeks before they were set to fly to Sweden to record their third album. The singer position was vacant for two days before Sam Sheppard's brother (and fellow Sinate member), Matt Sheppard, became 8 Foot Sativa's new vocalist.

Breed The Pain (2005)
With a new vocalist, 8 Foot Sativa released their third album Breed the Pain in 2005. It was recorded at Studio Underground in Sweden. Matt Sheppard wrote or co-wrote six of the songs on the album, and his girlfriend provided the artwork.

Matt and Sam Sheppard left 8 Foot Sativa after the Breed the Pain tour. They later reformed their previous band, Sinate. They joined forces with 8 Foot Sativa's guitar technician Sean Parkinson and Antony "Colonel" Folwell from the band Reprobate.

Justin 'Jackhammer' Niessen toured with the band temporarily from 9 September until 17 September, playing a four concert tour around New Zealand. This tour also saw newcomers William Cleverdon and Corey Friedlander, joining the band. For the concert tour, Niessen and the band played songs mainly from Hate Made Me and Season for Assault, the albums which Niessen performed on.

Poison of Ages (2007)
Ben Read, from New Zealand death metal band Ulcerate and formerly of hardcore band Kill Me Quickly, joined the band as the new vocalist. 8 Foot Sativa went over to Studio Underground in Sweden again to record their fourth album, titled Poison of Ages. Corey Friedlander did not perform drums on the album and would later leave the band to focus on his other project Final Eve. Steven Westerberg of Carnal Forge stepped in as a session musician, and Friedlander was ultimately replaced by Jamie Saint Merat, also of Ulcerate.

Poison of Ages was originally meant to be released on 8 May 2006, however it was postponed due to a breached contract. Ben Read stated on the official forum's that the album would not be released until the band could put together NZ$20,000. The album was finally released on 21 May 2007.

Several members of the band departed in the meantime: In October 2006, original member Brent Fox decided to leave the band, leaving Gary Smith as the only original member. Fox was replaced by Rommily Smith. Guitarist William Cleverdon, who had earlier taken a hiatus of several months, was forced to leave in January 2007 after he was required to undergo a series of surgeries on his left wrist and forearm. Christian Humphreys, a member of Rommily's other band, New Way Home, replaced Cleverdon

Lyrics on Poison of Ages were written by Ben Read and Gary Smith, and the album as a whole was influenced by blackened death metal.

2009
Gary Smith returned from injury to rejoin the band. Jamie Saint Merat left the band to relocate with his other band, Ulcerate.

8 Foot Sativa, still working on a new unnamed album, released a new single called Sleepwalkers. The video to this single is controversial, as it follows a calf from the farm, to the freezing works showing it being killed, then chopped up by butchers, before being sold to a family in a supermarket. It does this in graphical disturbing way. It also shows pigs and chickens being held in cages. A message at the end of the video states "Thousands of animals were harmed in the making of this video."

In July 2009, bassist Romilly Smith left the band, with Steve Boag, of In Dread Response, taking his spot. Before heading to the studio to record the new still unnamed album, 8 Foot Sativa are to travel New Zealand, performing final shows, with In Dread Response, New Way Home, Bloodletting, The Rest Is Silence.., and other various local acts across New Zealand

2010
In January 2010, 8 Foot Sativa went into hiatus due to the continued effects of Smith's injury. The remaining members formed a new band project, The Mark of Man, while Smith continued his recovery.

2011
After a couple of years on hiatus, the social media connected fan base started talking and rumours began when the band's Facebook page was completely stripped back and saturated by their original theme and imagery including the one and only "dopeman" the band's featured character and mascot which became the band's non-forgettable logo and animated menace seen in their early music videos, a tall and cheeky Sativa plant usually pulling himself in and around war zones and heated political situations with his large leafy arms.

With the return of Justin "Jackhammer" Niessen and the addition of Nik Davies from Death Metal act "Perditionist" the band released a greatest hits compilation entitled "10 Years of Sativa" in 2012. This campaign saw the band touring relentlessly right up until the recording and release of what soon was to become "The Shadow Masters"

The Shadow Masters (2013)
8 Foot Sativa entered Quicksand Studio in Christchurch, New Zealand in early 2013 to record their 5th studio album 'The Shadow Masters'. The line up for this album is:

Vocals – Justin "Jackhammer" Niessen Drums – Corey Friedlander Guitar – Gary Smith Guitar – Nik Davies Bass – Brent Fox

8 Foot Sativa have Clint Murphy from Modern World Studio in the UK producing this album. The Shadow Masters was released on 30 August 2013.

Hate Re-Made Me (2015)
The line up consisted of the three original members plus Nik Davies and Corey Friedlander.

With Clint Murphy back on board, the less than $1000 produced HMM record got a complete re-amp as the band dropped 40k into studio time for a re-recording.

A recent interview with Nik Davies brought light upon the situation where he simply stated that "its there, we are proud of it and it will be released when we feel it's right to do so. 8 Foot Sativa will always exist, we're not going anywhere"

Current

 * Justin "Jackhammer" Niessen – vocals (2002–2003, 2005, 2011–present)
 * Corey Friedlander – drums (2005–2006, 2009–present)
 * Nik Davies – guitars (2011–present)
 * Paul Jason Lawrence – Bass (2017–present)
 * Gary Smith - Guitars (1999–present)

Former

 * Peter "Speed" Young – drums (1998–2001)
 * Sam Sheppard – drums (2001–2004)
 * Matt Sheppard – vocals (2003–2004)
 * Brent Fox – bass (1998–2006, 2012–2014, 2014–2015)
 * Ben Read – vocals (2006–2009)

Studio albums

 * Hate Made Me (2002)
 * Season for Assault (2003)
 * Breed the Pain (2005)
 * Poison of Ages (2007)
 * Ten Years of Sativa (2012)
 * The Shadow Masters (2013)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 8 Foot Sativa


text:
Duke of Noailles

The title of Duke of Noailles was a French peerage created in 1663 for Anne de Noailles, Count of Ayen.

History
Noailles is the name of a prominent French noble family, derived from the castle of Noailles in the territory of Ayen, between Brive and Turenne in Limousin, and claiming to date back to the 11th century. The family did not obtain fame until the 16th century, when its head, Antoine de Noailles (1504–1562), became admiral of France and was ambassador in England during three important years (1553–1556), maintaining a gallant but unsuccessful rivalry with the Spanish ambassador, Simon Renard. Henri de Noailles (1554–1623), son of Antoine, was a commander in the religious wars and was made comte d'Ayen by Henry IV of France in 1593.

Anne de Noailles (died 1678), the grandson of the first count, played an important part in the Fronde and the early years of the reign of Louis XIV, became captain-general of the newly won province of Roussillon, and in 1663 was made Duke of Noailles and a peer of France.

The sons of the first duke raised the family to its greatest fame. The eldest son, Anne Jules de Noailles (1650–1708), was one of the chief generals of France towards the end of the reign of Louis XIV. After raising the regiment of Noailles in 1689, he commanded in Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession and was made Marshal of France in 1693. A younger son, Louis Antoine de Noailles (1651–1729), was in 1695 made archbishop of Paris and hence also Duke of Saint-Cloud and peer of France in his own right, holding these high dignities until his death; he was made a cardinal in 1699.

The name of Noailles continued to be prominent throughout the 18th century. Adrien Maurice (1678–1766), the third duke, served in all the most important wars of the reign of Louis XV in Italy and Germany, and became a marshal in 1734. His last command was in the War of the Austrian Succession, when he was beaten by the English at the battle of Dettingen in 1743. He married Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, a niece of Madame de Maintenon, and two of his sons also attained the rank of Marshal of France.

The elder son of Adrien Maurice, Louis (1713–1793), who bore the title of duc d'Ayen until his father's death in 1766, when he became Duke of Noailles, served in most of the wars of the 18th century without particular distinction, but was nevertheless made a marshal in 1775. He refused to emigrate during the Revolution, but escaped the guillotine by dying in August 1793, before the Terror reached its height. On the 4th Thermidor (July 22), the aged duchesse de Noailles was executed with her daughter-in-law, the duchesse d'Ayen, and her granddaughter, the vicomtesse de Noailles. His younger brother, Philippe (1715–1794), comte de Noailles, afterwards Duke of Mouchy, was a more distinguished soldier than his brother.

Jean Paul François (1739–1824), the fifth duke, was in the army, but his tastes were scientific, and for his eminence as a chemist he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences in 1777. He became Duke of Ayen in 1766 on his grandfather's death, and Duke of Noailles on his father's in 1793. Having emigrated in 1792, he lived in Switzerland until the Restoration in 1814, when he took his seat as a peer of France.

He had no son, and was succeeded as Duke of Noailles by his grand-nephew, Paul (1802–1885), who won some reputation as an author and who became a member of the French Academy in the place of Chateaubriand in 1849. The grandfather of Paul de Noailles, and brother of the fifth duke, Emmanuel Marie Louis (1743–1822), marquis de Noailles, was ambassador at Amsterdam from 1770–1776, at London from 1776–1783, and at Vienna from 1783–1792.

Other notable family members

 * Antoine, 1st comte de Noailles (1504–1562), admiral of France
 * Henri de Noailles (1554–1623)
 * Louis-Antoine, Cardinal de Noailles (1651–1720), archbishop of Paris
 * Philippe de Noailles, duc de Mouchy (1715–1794), Marshal of France, younger brother of Louis, 4th duc de Noailles and father of Louis-Marie, vicomte de Noailles and Philippe-Louis-Marc-Antoine de Noailles, 1st Duke of Mouchy
 * Emmanuel-Marie-Louis, marquis de Noailles (1743–1822)
 * Philippe-Louis-Marc-Antoine de Noailles, 1st duc de Mouchy (1752–1819)
 * Louis-Marie, vicomte de Noailles (1756–1804), soldier and politician
 * Marie Adrienne Françoise de Noailles (1759–1807), wife of Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette
 * Emmanuel-Henri-Victurnien, marquis de Noailles (1830–1909), diplomat
 * Anna de Noailles (1876–1933), writer, poet, and figure in Parisian high society. Wife of a son of the 7th Duke of Noailles.
 * Charles de Noailles (1891–1981), son of the 10th Prince of Poix, and his wife Marie-Laure de Noailles (born Marie-Laure Henriette Anne Bischoffsheim; 1902–1970), patrons of the arts.

title: Duke of Noailles


text:
Langeland

Langeland (, lit. 'Long land') is a Danish island located between the Great Belt and Bay of Kiel. The island measures 285 km2 (c. 110 square miles) and, as of 1 January 2018, has a population of 12,446. The island produces grain and is known as a recreational and wellness tourism area. A bridge connects it to Tåsinge via Siø – a small island with a population of approximately 20 – and the main island of Funen (to the northwest). There are connections by car ferry to the islands of Lolland, Ærø, and Strynø.

Rudkøbing, the island's largest town, is the birthplace of famous physicist and chemist Hans Christian Ørsted, his brother, Anders Sandøe Ørsted, a former Danish prime minister, and their nephew, botanist Anders Sandøe Ørsted.

Administratively, Langeland and several smaller islands around it form the Municipality of Langeland, the most populous of them being Strynø.

Role in the Larne gun-running
On 30 March 1914, the vessel SS Fanny docked at Langeland and proceeded to be loaded with a "mysterious" cargo. This cargo turned out to be a weapons cache including 11,000 Männlicher rifles brought from the Steyr works in Austria; 9,000 ex-German army Mausers; 4,600 Italian Vetterli-Vitali rifles; and 5 million rounds of ammunition in clips of five. The cache had been purchased by Major Frederick Hugh Crawford for the Ulster Unionist Council to equip the Ulster Volunteer Force in Ireland.

Danish customs officials suspected that the cargo might have contained weapons to arm militant Icelandic home rulers who sought independence from Denmark. However the SS Fanny cut loose, escaped in a gale and sailed out of Danish territorial waters.

The weapons cache would later land in Larne on the north-east coast of Ireland in what became known as the Larne gun-running.

title: Langeland


text:
User:Rajneeshhegde

Originally from Mumbai, India, I am currently finishing my PhD in the US. As of Aug '04, I am a bumbling newbie to Wikipedia, and wikis in general, except for passing familiarity with EmacsWiki. In the future, thesis willing, I hope to be a fairly active Wikipedian.

title: User:Rajneeshhegde


text:
Rotting Christ

Rotting Christ is a Greek black metal band formed in 1987. They are noted for being one of the first black metal bands within this region, as well as a premier act within the European underground metal scene. They are also responsible for creating the signature Greek black metal sound prevalent in the early 1990s.

History
Rotting Christ was founded in 1987 as a grindcore act. They released a series of demos and splits with local bands during their rehearsal era. During this period, the group gradually altered their sound with influence from proto-black metal bands like Celtic Frost and Venom, and in the process became one of the inaugurators of black metal. Their 1989 demo, Satanas Tedeum, presented a crossover between black metal and grindcore. In 1991, the band released Passage to Arcturo, their career-breaking EP.

One of band's major debuts was on the 1993 "Fuck Christ Tour", which also featured Immortal and Blasphemy. During this concert, some audience members engaged in cutting and self-mutilation that resulted in hospitalization. Before signing to Unisound Records (a now-defunct Athens-based independent record label founded in 1992), Mayhem's Øystein Aarseth had expressed interest in distributing the band through his Deathlike Silence Productions label, but due to Aarseth's murder the same year, nothing materialized. The band signed to Century Media in 1996 and remained on their roster for 10 years before joining Season of Mist.

Rotting Christ has played in many regions outside their native Greece, including the Americas, Greater Europe, Russia, the United Kingdom, Malta, the Middle East and South Africa. Several heavy metal festivals around the world have hosted the band, including the 2003 Wacken Open Air in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Past tour mates include My Dying Bride, Tristania, Tiamat, Vintersorg, Finntroll, Agathodaimon, Old Man's Child, Malevolent Creation, Anorexia Nervosa, Vader, Krisiun, Deicide, Behemoth, Melechesh and Nile, among many others.

Rotting Christ was one of the first bands announced to perform the Barge to Hell festival, which is a metal-themed cruise organized by Ultimate Metal Cruises and took place aboard Royal Caribbean's Majesty of the Seas. Barge to Hell set sail from Port of Miami on December 3, 2012.

, Rotting Christ has been around for 37 years and is one of the longest running bands within the black metal genre. In celebration of the band's longevity, the 2-DVD + 2-CD compilation Non Serviam: A 20 Year Apocryphal Story, shot in Athens on December 8, 2007, was released worldwide February 23, 2009.

Aealo, the band's tenth studio album, was released on February 15, 2010, in Europe and February 23, 2010, in the United States.

Their eleventh album, Katá ton Daímona Eautoú, was released in March 2013.

They made their first appearance in South Asia on September 13, 2014, in India (Bangalore Open Air 2014 Edition) and September 14, 2014, in Sri Lanka.

Their twelfth studio album, Rituals, was released on February 12, 2016.

To coincide with their 30th anniversary, the band released a new 7-inch single "The Call" on February 9, 2018; the single's b-side is a live version of "The Sign of Evil Existence", which includes guest vocals by Behemoth's Nergal and Varathron's Stefan Necroabyssious. The band also released an official biography entitled "Non Serviam: The Official Story Of Rotting Christ" in late November 2018, written by Sakis Tolis and British author Dayal Patterson (author of 'Black Metal: Evolution Of The Cult', 'The Cult Never Dies Vol. One' and 'Into The Abyss') and published by British publishing house Cult Never Dies. The book features extensive interviews with Sakis Tolis, Themis Tolis, Jim Mutilator, Morbid, George Emmanuel and members of the bands Watain, Mayhem, Enslaved, Moonspell, Blasphemy, Mystifier, Septicflesh, Behemoth, Macabre Omen, Cradle Of Filth and Immolation The book has since been released in Greek, Russian and Czech languages.

Rotting Christ's thirteenth studio album, The Heretics, was released on February 15, 2019.

In 2020, Rotting Christ announced a collaboration with the video game developer Cold Symmetry on their action role-playing video game, Mortal Shell. The game's launch trailer, released in August 2020, featured the song "χξς (666)" as its soundtrack. In addition, a downloadable content pack, titled "Rotten Autumn", was released for the game in October 2020 and includes, among other content, an alternative soundtrack composed by Rotting Christ.

Rotting Christ's fourteenth studio album, Pro Xristou, was released on May 20, 2024.

Line-up
The permanent line-up consists of brothers Sakis Tolis (vocals and guitar) and Themis Tolis (drums). Third founding member Jim Patsouris played bass until 1996. Andreas Lagios was the bassist since 1997, taking the stead of Patsouris until the end of 2011. Nightfall's Giorgos Bokos joined as a guitarist in 2005, replacing Costas Vasilakopoulos. In February 2012, Bokos announced his departure from the band for personal reasons. In December 2012, the new members of the band were announced: guitarist George Emmanuel and bassist Vagelis Karzis. George Emmanuel and Vagelis Karzis amicably left the band in February and May 2019 respectively to pursue other projects.

Three keyboardists had previously been a part of the band; George Tolias, George Zaharopoulos (Magus Wampyr Daoloth of Necromantia) and a session musician known only as Panayiotis (on A Dead Poem).

The band members from the beginning, up to Triarchy of the Lost Lovers album, were using the pseudonyms Necromayhem for Sakis, Necrosauron for Themis and Mutilator for Jim (Dimitris). George Zaharopoulos used the pseudonym Morbid for early EP and split-LP releases up to Passage to Arcturo, and the pseudonym Magus Wampyr Daoloth for Thy Mighty Contract and Non Serviam.

Publicity
Over the years, the group has faced controversy due to their name and gained international media attention in November 1999 during the 2000 United States Presidential Primaries for Republican Nomination, when candidate/Christian conservative Gary Bauer accused the band of being "anti-Catholic", among other things. In response to Bauer's criticism, Sakis Tolis wrote:

"Living in (so called) democratic societies, I think everyone should have the right to call religions as he/she wants. We in fact simply believe they are 'rotting'! We are not a 'satanic-crusader' type of band but rather one of the many bands that represent the dark side in nowadays Metal music."

They also have had to cancel some shows, most recently in May 2005, when Megadeth frontman Dave Mustaine threatened to refuse to play at a Greek concert if Rotting Christ were on the bill.

In response to their forced cancellation, Tolis noted:

"I didn't expect something like that from Dave Mustaine, because, you know, he's supposed to be metal — you know, 'metal band,' all metal ... I just feel sorry for him and for every new Christian with new ideas, because we think Christianity is the worst thing to happen in human history. This is a well-organized trick in order to control society, so when I see someone that's very much Christian, that's full of the system, I feel very sorry for him because he's not free."

Nuclear Assault and former Anthrax bassist Dan Lilker defended Rotting Christ and criticized Dave Mustaine's actions, as did Nevermore's Warrel Dane, whose bands appeared on Mustaine's Gigantour in 2005. Dane added:

"Everybody is free to believe anything he wants to; I just think that Dave misunderstood the whole subject. I have met the guys from Rotting Christ and I don't think that they are Satanists or something. I think that Dave overreacted on this."

When playing in Malta, a country which in its constitution declares itself as Roman Catholic, trouble from the Church and other Catholic groups ensued when an unknown person stuck a Rotting Christ flyer to a church door. The band was allowed to play eventually even though they had to change venue.

In April 2018, Rotting Christ were scheduled to play in Georgia. Upon arriving in Tbilisi, founding members Sakis and Themis Tolis were arrested by Georgian authorities under suspicion of terrorism due to their band name, as reported by an announcement from the band's label, Season of Mist. They had their passports and cell phones confiscated and were detained in prison, without being permitted legal representation or contact with the Greek Embassy for 12 hours. Afterwards, they were informed by their lawyers that the two were included in a "list of unwanted people for reasons of national security" that labeled them as "Satanists" and "suspects of terrorism". The two were eventually released, after arrangements made by the band's other members in collaboration with the local promoter, "who involved legal experts, journalists and activists in Georgia". The band was allowed to perform their scheduled concert and left for their next destination, Armenia, without hassle.

A species of prehistoric brittle star, Brezinacantha tolis, was named after the Tolis brothers.

Musical style
Early in their career, they were responsible for creating what is known as the "classic" Greek black metal sound which can be heard in other bands such as Varathron and Thou Art Lord. Despite the name, the band's traditional lyrical themes involving evil and occultism has evolved into a more "mystic" path, and they have modified their musical direction on each album, utilizing elements such as clean melodic baritone vocals, doom, gothic metal and industrial music traits, and male/female Benedictine chants. Recent albums, beginning with Khronos, have shown the band taking a more modern, faster and more aggressive approach to their blackened-gothic style. Their 2007 album, Theogonia, especially, has been described as more "atmospheric" and "epic" by their label.

The group's choice of producers, engineers and mixers has also been varied; Swedish extreme metal figures Dan Swanö (Unisound), Peter Tägtgren (Abyss Studios) and Fredrik Nordström (Studio Fredman), German producers Andy Classen (Asphyx, Belphegor), Siggi Bemm (Therion, Theatre of Tragedy) and Waldemar Sorychta (Lacuna Coil, The Gathering) as well as Xy (Samael percussionist/keyboardist) have all contributed to production on the band's albums.

Band members

 * Current members
 * Sakis Tolis − lead vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards, bass (studio only) (1987–present)
 * Themis Tolis − drums (1987–present)
 * Kostas "Spades" Heliotis − bass, backing vocals (2019–present)
 * Kostis Foukarakis − lead guitar, backing vocals (2019–present)

 * Session musicians
 * Markus "Makka" Freiwald − drums (1996)
 * Panayiotis − keyboards (1997)

 * Former members
 * Jim "Mutilator" Patsouris − bass, backing vocals (1987–1996)
 * George "Magus Wampyr Daoloth" Zaharopoulos − keyboards, backing vocals (1991–1995)
 * Costas Vasilakopoulos − lead guitar, backing vocals (1996–2004)
 * Andreas Lagios − bass, backing vocals (1997–2011)
 * Georgios Tolias − keyboards, backing vocals (1997–2003)
 * Giorgos Bokos − lead guitar, backing vocals (2005–2012 )
 * George Emmanuel − lead guitar, backing vocals (2012–2019 )
 * Vagelis "Van Ace" Karzis − bass, backing vocals (2012–2019 )
 * Stamatis "Melanaegis" Petrakos − bass, backing vocals (2019)
 * Giannis Kalamatas − lead guitar, backing vocals (2019)

 * Timeline

Full-lengths

 * Thy Mighty Contract (1993)
 * Non Serviam (1994)
 * Triarchy of the Lost Lovers (1996)
 * A Dead Poem (1997)
 * Sleep of the Angels (1999)
 * Khronos (2000)
 * Genesis (2002)
 * Sanctus Diavolos (2004)
 * Theogonia (2007)
 * Aealo (2010)
 * Κατά τον δαίμονα εαυτού (2013)
 * Rituals (2016)
 * The Heretics (2019)
 * Pro Xristou (2024)

EPs

 * Passage to Arcturo (1991, Decapitated Records)

Demos, singles, and DVDs

 * Leprosy of Death (1988, unofficial demo)
 * Decline's Return (1989, demo)
 * The Other Side of Life (1989, split EP with Sound Pollution)
 * Satanas Tedeum (1989, demo)
 * Rotting Christ / Monumentum (1991, split with Monumentum)
 * Dawn of the Iconoclast (1991, EP)
 * Ade's Winds (1992, demo)
 * Apokathelosis (1993, EP)
 * The Mystical Meeting (1997, single/live/cover compilation)
 * Der Perfekte Traum (1999, single/live)
 * In Domine Sathana (2003, live DVD)
 * Non Serviam: A 20 Year Apocryphal Story (2009, live DVD/CD)
 * A Soundtrack to Mikael Häll's Doctoral Dissertation (2012, Malört förlag, split 7-inch single with Negative Plane)
 * Promo 1995 (2013, EP)
 * Lucifer over Athens (2015, live album)
 * The Call (2017, b side the sign of evil existence live, special edition 45rpm EP)

Compilations

 * The Mystical Meeting (1995)
 * Thanatiphoro Anthologio (2007, best-of compilation)
 * Semigods of the Serpent Cult (2009)
 * 25 Years: The Path of Evil Existence (2014)
 * Their Greatest Spells (2018)

Books

 * Non Serviam: The Official Story Of Rotting Christ (2018)

title: Rotting Christ


text:
MPU

MPU may refer to:

Science and technology

 * Medical-grade polyurethane, a polyurethane used in medicine; for example see Vas-occlusive contraception

Computing

 * Memory protection unit, for example in the ARM Cortex-M
 * Microprocessor unit, a central processing unit when referring to digital signal processors
 * MPU-401 (MIDI Processing Unit), an obsolete standard for MIDI interfaces for personal computers
 * Multi-core processing unit, a system made of two or more independent cores; See History of general-purpose CPUs

Other uses

 * Mabua Airstrip (IATA code: MPU), an airport in Papua New Guinea
 * Melbourne Poets Union, a forerunner of Australian Poetry and later reincarnated under the same name
 * Minimum publishable unit, the smallest piece of a scientist's results that can be made into an academic paper
 * Mișcarea Politică Unirea, a Moldovan political party
 * Myanmar Payment Union, a Myanmar financial services corporation
 * Medical-psychological assessment in Germany, called MPU for Medizinisch-Psychologische Untersuchung
 * Missing Persons Unit, a police unit to locate missing persons
 * Missing Persons Unit, an Australian TV documentary series
 * Alert: Missing Persons Unit, an American TV fiction series

title: MPU


text:
1 News

1News is the news division of New Zealand television network TVNZ. The programme is broadcast live from TVNZ Centre in Auckland. The flagship news bulletin is the nightly 6 pm news hour, but 1News also has late night news bulletins, as well as current affairs shows such as Breakfast and Seven Sharp.

The 6 pm programme is New Zealand's most-watched news programme. As of July 2008, it had a market share of 44% (651,400+ each night).

TVNZ's Executive Editor, News and Current Affairs (formerly known as Head of News and Current Affairs) is Phil O'Sullivan. O'Sullivan had previously been in the role in an acting capacity since June 2022. His predecessors include John Gillespie who departed TVNZ in 2020, and Paul Yurisich who was appointed to the role of Head of News and Current Affairs until he resigned from TVNZ in 2022 after a review into the hiring of former Al Jazeera presenter Kamahl Santamaria.

1News was awarded Best News in the Qantas Media Awards from 2008 through 2011 and won Best Breaking News in the New Zealand Film and Television Awards 2012.

History

Television news in New Zealand started in 1960 with the introduction of television. These bulletins were broadcast from New Zealand's four main cities (Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin) operating independently of each other due to technical constraints. The Wahine disaster in April 1968 highlighted the need for a nationwide news network; footage shot in Wellington could not be broadcast in other centres around the country at the same time, and the extra-tropical cyclone which contributed to the disaster also grounded air traffic preventing the film being flown to other centres.

In October 1969 the nationwide TV network was completed. The first network news broadcast was live on 3 November 1969 at 7:35 pm, read by Dougal Stevenson. This bulletin was possible due to microwave links being established between the four main centres; the programme was called the NZBC Network News. Initially, it was read by Philip Sherry, Dougal Stevenson or Bill Toft on a rotating roster.

Prior to the building of the Warkworth satellite communications station in 1971, international programmes could not be received live – the footage had to be flown into New Zealand and was often days old.

The NZBC Network News featured many other newsreaders until the NZBC was dissolved in 1975. The programme was then renamed as simply News.

While the NZBC began broadcasting in colour on 31 October 1973, Network News continued to primarily broadcast in black-and-white until the NZBC was dissolved on 31 March 1975. This was to avoid refitting the Wellington studio in Waring Taylor Street with colour equipment while awaiting the move to the new purpose-built Avalon television centre.

TV One and TV2/South Pacific Television (SPTV) era (1975–80)
TV One began broadcasting on 1 April 1975 and moved its evening news bulletin to 6:30 pm, with Dougal Stevenson or Bill McCarthy reading the news on a rotating roster until 15 February 1980. The launch of TV One also coincided with the opening of the Avalon television centre, allowing the news to broadcast primarily in colour.

TV2 followed suit on 30 June 1975 and its main evening news was initially broadcast at 7 pm before moving to the earlier timeslot of 6 pm by the end of 1975. Jennie Goodwin was the first female newsreader in New Zealand to anchor a nightly television news programme, although Angela D'Audney was the first two years earlier. TV2 was rebranded as South Pacific Television in December 1976 to distinguish itself from the former NZBC channel and within the next year, its main evening news was read by Tom Bradley and Philip Sherry (later replaced by John Hawkesby) until South Pacific Television ceased transmission on 15 February 1980.

TVNZ era (1980–present)
TV One and South Pacific Television were amalgamated into Television New Zealand on 16 February 1980 and its main evening news continued to broadcast at 6:30 pm on TV One. From 31 March 1980, four regional news programmes were broadcast – one in each of the four main regions: Top Half (Auckland and the upper North Island), Today Tonight (Wellington and the lower North Island and originally the upper South Island), The Mainland Touch (Christchurch, Canterbury and later the upper South Island) and 7:30 South (Dunedin, Otago and Southland). Initially, these programmes aired at 7:30 pm and ran for half an hour in duration.

In February 1982, the main bulletin was revamped and broadcast from 6:30-7:30 pm; the one-hour package incorporated the day's national and international news, regional news programmes and the weather forecast. At the same time, Dunedin's 7:30 South was rebranded as The South Tonight and TVNZ introduced a feature segment called Nationwide; it contained regional items of national interest, as well as "sidebars" – items which, for example, focused on the human interest element of an event outlined in the network news.

In late 1983, Nationwide was dropped, with the main bulletin extended to fill the time and give greater sports news coverage.

During the mid-1980s, Philip Sherry and Tom Bradley shared the role of newsreader on a rotating roster with Richard Long and Tony Ciprian alternately presenting sports news. Weather was presented on alternate nights by Veronica Allum and Sue Scott.

The main bulletin was revamped in November 1986 and renamed as the Network News, with Judy Bailey and Neil Billington initially co-presenting in a double-headed format and replacing Philip Sherry. Tom Bradley moved to weekends, where he alternated with Angela D'Audney as weekend anchor.

In February 1988, sports anchor Richard Long took over from Neil Billington as co-anchor of the Network News, the beginning of a partnership that would continue for much of the next 15 years. Tony Ciprian moved to the new commercial network TV3, the network's first sports producer. He was with 3 News for almost 20 years.

In July 1988, the Network News was moved to 6 pm and renamed as the Network News at Six but the weekend bulletin remained at 6:30 pm (as the Network News and Sport). The moving of the Network News to 6 pm also marked the introduction of computer-generated weather graphics and the arrival of Jim Hickey and Penelope Barr, who replaced Veronica Allum and Sue Scott as weather presenters.

On 3 April 1989 TVNZ launched a new nightly current affairs programme, Holmes, which was presented by Paul Holmes. Holmes began screening at 6:30 pm. At the same time, the duration of the Network News at Six was reduced back to 30 minutes and the regional news programmes were transferred to around 5:45 pm on TV2. The year saw the introduction of TVNZ's first foreign correspondents – Liam Jeory in London and Susan Wood in Sydney.

In October 1989, the weekend Network News and Sport was moved from 6:30 pm to 6 pm.

In November 1989, the Network News was relaunched as One Network News; its renaming due to competition from new broadcasting station TV3's news programme 3 National News.

In December 1989, both Top Half and Today Tonight were axed by TVNZ but The Mainland Touch and The South Tonight continued for another year and screened on TV One at 5:45 pm as a lead-in to One Network News at 6 pm, with support from NZ On Air. The Christchurch and Dunedin based regional news programmes were axed at the end of 1990.

In February 1995, the main bulletin was again extended from 30 minutes to a full hour, screening from the now familiar 6 pm timeslot, followed by Holmes at 7 pm. The change coincided with the unveiling of a new studio set which was used until 2003. On 2 January 1995, the main One Network News bulletin was delayed for 10 minutes after protesters occupied the studio and protested about the Māori language bulletin Te Karere which was off air over the Christmas and New Year period.

July 1997 saw the replacement of weekend news presenters Angela D'Audney and Tom Bradley with husband and wife Simon Dallow and Alison Mau. Bradley resigned, but D'Audney stayed as a backup presenter for other bulletins until her death in 2002.

On 11 August 1997, the early morning Telstra Business and Breakfast shows were first aired; Telstra Business was hosted by Michael Wilson; Breakfast hosted by Susan Wood and Mike Hosking.

In 1998, TVNZ signed 3 National News anchor John Hawkesby to replace Richard Long from the start of 1999. But when Haweskby began presenting One Network News at 6 pm alongside Judy Bailey, there was a public outcry over the separation of Bailey and Long, that lead to Long reinstated as co-anchor at 6 pm three weeks later. Hawkes'bay later took TVNZ to court, a dispute that he subsequently won.

The programme was renamed again on 31 December 1999 to One News.

On 19 March 2000, TVNZ launched its first digital initiative nzoom.co.nz. Staffed by 20 journalists, nzoom included news, sports, entertainment and home and garden sections, in additional to being a web portal. The website was closed in 2003, and replaced by a more basic offering that was designed to extend television programming. At the time of its closure, it ranked second amongst local online news providers - behind the New Zealand Herald and ahead of Stuff.

2003 saw a major shake up of TVNZ's news and current affairs programming with entering head Bill Ralston making sweeping changes to the formats of many programmes. A new state-of-the-art studio came into use for One News programmes, but many presenters were culled. The changes saw the end of Long and Bailey's 15-year partnership; from January 2004, the main 6 pm bulletin reverted to a single-headed broadcast with Judy Bailey as anchor. Jim Hickey, TVNZ's most popular weather presenter, and sports presenter April Bruce (née Ieremia) also left in 2003. Hickey returned to One News in 2007.

Close Up was launched in November 2004, when Paul Holmes, host of the Holmes programme, resigned following failed contract negotiations. Close Up followed the same format as Holmes, but was hosted by Susan Wood until her sudden resignation in 2006. Mark Sainsbury became the main host following her resignation.

In October 2005, TVNZ announced that it would not be renewing long-standing flagship broadcaster Judy Bailey's contract; some observers believe this was a direct reaction to the programme's market share decline in Auckland to 3 News. An emotional Bailey signed off for the final time at the end of the 6 pm One News bulletin on 23 December 2005. She was TVNZ's longest serving newsreader and had been reporting and presenting with both NZBC and TVNZ for 34 years. When the 6 pm edition of One News returned after the Christmas break of 2005–2006, it reverted to double-headed presentation with Wendy Petrie and Simon Dallow taking over from Bailey. The weekend 6 pm bulletin remained single-headed until September 2008, when popular presenter Peter Williams joined Bernadine Oliver-Kerby as co-anchor.

In December 2008, One News relaunched online news product under the TVNZ.co.nz domain. The broadcaster said it was "upping the ante" for digital offerings.

Sir Paul Holmes returned to TVNZ as the host on the new political programme Q+A in 2009. He hosted the programme until late 2012, when illness prevented him from continuing his duties. He died on 1 February 2013.

On 3 November 2009, TVNZ celebrated One News' 40th birthday with some archival footage available on their website. Later that year, Jennie Goodwin, David Beatson, Dougal Stevenson and Lindsay Perigo returned to read one Breakfast news segment each.

A Saturday edition of Breakfast, called Saturday Breakfast, was broadcast from 3 September 2011, hosted by Rawdon Christie and Toni Street, and ran until the end of 2012, when it and One News at 4:30 were cancelled for financial reasons.

In September 2012 an announcement was made that TVNZ would discontinue Close Up at the end of 2012. The final Close Up programme screened on 30 November 2012 and in early 2013, an announcement was made of the replacement show, named Seven Sharp. The first show screened on 4 February 2013.

Former BBC meteorologist Daniel Corbett joined the weather team in September 2014. In December 2014, Jim Hickey left his position as head weather forecaster. Nearly a year later Karen Olsen left the weathercaster position, making her final broadcast on 16 November 2015.

In July 2015, TVNZ rebranded its news website to One News Now, focused specifically on breaking news and video content. The change was expected to double the website's number of video views. Some changes were criticised for an apparent pivot towards "clickbait". In May 2016, TVNZ began syndicating news video with Stuff.

One News programmes were renamed 1 News in 2016, when TV One was renamed TVNZ 1.

During the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand as part of cost-cutting measures, 1 News reverted to a single news presenter for its 6pm bulletin. Simon Dallow remained as the sole newsreader while Wendy Petrie lost her role. Petrie would remain at TVNZ as a backup presenter across other 1 News programmes.

In late July 2023, 1 News revamped its intro and banner, by changing the colour from blue to black, and moving the name and job to the left side.

In early March 2024, TVNZ proposed ending several television programmes including "1News at Midday" and "1News Tonight" due to a decline in advertisement revenue and competition from digital competitors such as Netflix and YouTube. In addition, TVNZ has proposed 68 job cuts, amounting to about 9 percent of its staff. On 9 April, TVNZ confirmed that 1 News' Midday and late night bulletins would be axed by mid-May 2024. Midday broadcast its final bulletin on Friday 3 May 2024, hosted by Indira Stewart.

Breakfast
Breakfast airs short news, sports and weather updates every half-hour, from 6 am until 8:30 am, hosted by Chris Chang.

Te Karere
Te Karere is a half-hour news programme broadcast at 4 pm weekdays entirely in Māori. It is presented by Scotty Morrison. The weather is also broadcast in Māori. Te Karere regularly attracts between 50,000 – 80,000 viewers a day.

1 News at Six
1 News at Six is 1 News' flagship hour-long bulletin, airing nightly at 6 pm; it is hosted by Simon Dallow on weekdays and Melissa Stokes at weekends. Sport is hosted by Hayley Holt or Andrew Saville, and weather by Daniel Corbett, Erin Conroy or Renee Wright.

The bulletin has five segments separated by advertisement breaks. National and international news stories for the first three segments (approximately 35 minutes), sport news in the fourth segment (approximately 10–15 minutes), and weather and light-hearted news in the last segment.

Seven Sharp
Seven Sharp is a half-hour current affairs programme which airs at 7 pm each weekday. Presented by Hilary Barry and Jeremy Wells, it features mostly current event or local human interest stories. It was launched in 2013, replacing Close Up and long serving broadcaster Mark Sainsbury.

Q+A
Q+A is an hour-long political show that airs at 9 am on Sundays. Presented by Jack Tame, it consists of an interview with a politician that has been in the news during the previous week and a panel debate on a political hot topic. Q+A has been screening since March 2009, originally on Sunday mornings; since July 2018, it has been broadcast in primetime. By mid-2020, it returned to its traditional Sunday morning timeslot.

Q+A won Best News/Current Affairs Programme in the 2009 Qantas Media Awards.

20/20
20/20 is an investigative news and current affairs magazine style show presented by Carolyn Robinson. The show has a similar format to that of its US namesake. It airs on TVNZ 1 and consists of both local content and international stories (often produced by partner networks, such as ABC). 20/20's set is the shared TVNZ News and Current Affairs studio in the TVNZ Television Centre in central Auckland.

1 News at Midday
1 News at Midday was a half-hour long bulletin that aired at midday each weekday. The final episode of Midday was broadcast on Friday 3 May 2024.

1 News Tonight
1 News Tonight was a half-hour long bulletin that aired at approximately 10:30 pm on TVNZ 1 each weeknight. It competed with Three's Newshub Late. The final episode of Tonight was broadcast on Friday, 10 May 2024.

TVNZ News at 8 and TVNZ News Now
Discontinued in July 2012, when TVNZ 7 closed down.

Business
Amalgamated into Breakfast in 2013.

Close Up
Replaced with Seven Sharp in 2013.

One News at 4.30 pm
Discontinued in November 2012 due to lack of funding.

Saturday Breakfast
Discontinued in November 2012.

1 News Special
1 News Special episodes are often aired during international, one-off and breaking news events. For international breaking news stories, 1 News often airs a video feed from other news organisations. 1 News has aired specials for the following events: During the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand a 1 News Special was broadcast most days at 1pm. During the 1pm broadcast Director-General of Health Ashley Bloomfield would announce how many new cases of coronavirus were in New Zealand.

Annual specials
Annual specials are aired for the following events:
 * Annual Government Budget announcements.
 * Annual special reports such as The Year in Review (which airs on the first Sunday of the year and looks at the previous year).
 * Annual New Year fireworks in Auckland.

Reporters
The following is a list of 1 News reporters.

This list does not include reporters from 20/20, Q+A, Fair Go, Sunday, Te Karere, Marae, Breakfast and Seven Sharp. TVNZ has one of the largest news gathering teams in the country - based in New Zealand and in TVNZ bureaus around the world.

News resources on 1 News

 * ABC News
 * ABC News (Australia)
 * BBC News
 * Nine News

title: 1 News


text:
Thames High School

Thames High School is a public high school in Thames, Waikato, New Zealand. Established in 1880, it is the second oldest secondary school in the former Auckland Province.

Academics
At all grade levels, Māori language courses are offered, with emphasis on developing confidence in speaking Māori and on an appreciation of Māori culture and values.

Thames seniors have access to Gateway, a student work program designed to educate students about real-life work.

Thames High School's Distance Learning programs include collaborations with the Correspondence School, the Open Polytechnic, Otago Polytechnic and Travel Careers and Training Ltd.

title: Thames High School


text: Category:Czech writers

title: Category:Czech writers


text:
Bad Langensalza

Bad Langensalza (until 1956: Langensalza) is a spa town of 17,500 inhabitants in the Unstrut-Hainich district, Thuringia, central Germany.

Location
Bad Langensalza is located in the Thuringian Basin, the fertile lowlands along the Unstrut river. The river Salza flows through the town and joins the Unstrut about 2 km east of the town. Bad Langensalza lies in an unwooded, intensively farmed and largely flat landscape that rises to the west to the Hainich, to the north to the Heilinger Höhen (Heilinger Heights) and to the southeast to the Fahner Höhen (Fahner Heights). Due to this location, the climate in Bad Langensalza is relatively mild and, with annual precipitation of about 500 mm, very dry.

The town itself is divided into the relatively large old town centre, which is bounded by the historical town wall, and several areas of urban expansion dating from 1850 onwards. Initially, the town expanded southwards and south-eastwards towards the railway station. This is also where the first industrial areas were built. This was followed by expansion to the southwest, where the village of Ufhoven is located, which has since been incorporated into the core town. Since 1950, Bad Langensalza has expanded mainly to the north, where several residential and commercial areas have been built. Municipal reforms since the early 1990s have greatly enlarged the administrative urban area, which now stretches from the forests of the Hainich National Park to the eastern side of the Unstrut river.

Neighbouring towns
Neighbouring towns of Bad Langensalza are Mühlhausen, 20 km northwest, Eisenach, 30 km southwest, Gotha, 20 km south, Erfurt, 30 km southeast, Sömmerda, 35 km east and Sondershausen, 35 km northeast. Neighbouring municipalities are (clockwise, starting in the west): Schönstedt, Unstrut-Hainich, Nottertal-Heilinger Höhen, Kirchheilingen, Sundhausen, Tottleben, Urleben and Großvargula in the Unstrut-Hainich district, Tonna and Nessetal in the Gotha district and Hörselberg-Hainich in the Wartburg district.

Administrative division
Bad Langensalza is divided into a total of 15 quarters (including the core town):

History

The town was first mentioned in historical records c. 932, as a village named "Salzaha". The town's name was changed to Langensalza c. 1578, and "Bad" ("Spa") added to the name in 1956.

In 1075, Langensalza was the site of a battle, in which Emperor Henry IV won over the rebelling Saxons and Thuringians.

The town was plundered and damaged by fires during the Thirty Years' War (c. 1632). Fires again destroyed large parts of the town in 1711, including complete destruction of the town hall, which was rebuilt between 1742 and 1752.

War again affected the town between 1756 and 1763, during the Seven Years' War; it was the scene of a battle in February 1761. In 1815 Langensalza became part of the Prussian Province of Saxony.

In 1866 it was again the site of a battle between Prussia and Hanover during the Austro-Prussian War. This Battle of Langensalza is famous for being the last time intra-German forces have met in combat.

On April 5, 1945, Langensalza was occupied by American troops and handed over to the Red Army in early July. It became part of the Soviet (Russian) occupation zone and, from 1949 to 1990, was part of the German Democratic Republic.

Main sights
Langensalza is a popular tourist destination, with a well-preserved medieval old town, a number of themed public gardens and a thermal spa bath. In 2011 it won the title "Most blooming town in Europe" as part of the Europe-wide horticultural competition Entente Florale.

Sulphur springs were discovered in 1811 and opened to the public as a curative bath in 1812. A new version of the public sulphur bath was opened in 1928. Salt and mineral water springs were discovered in 1996, which prompted the opening of many new curative facilities. Today a modern thermal bath attracts many visitors.

Bad Langensalza contains a Botanical Garden, along with a Rose Garden, a Magnolia Garden and an Arboretum. It is one of the few European towns with an authentic Japanese Garden. Bad Langensalza is also close to the Hainich National Park, Germany's oldest deciduous forest.

Every August, the town hosts a Middle Ages Festival (Mittelalterstadtfest) where townsfolk don traditional dress from the middle ages and visitors can experience medieval crafts, handwork, martial arts, food and music.

The town is on the German Timber-Frame Road (Fachwerkstraße) and is notable for the number of well-preserved medieval half-timbered (Fachwerk) houses.

Travertine stone has been mined in the town since medieval times, and is still carved there today. It forms the distinctive white stonework of the old town. Travertine from Langensalza was used in the building of the Brandenburg Gate and in one of the most famous works of modern architecture, the Barcelona Pavilion.

Cultural
The then Augustinian friar Martin Luther visited Langensalza's (still preserved) Augustinian Cloister in 1516 in his role as District Vicar. As a result, the town is now on the Luther Trail. The poet Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock lived in Langensalza between 1748 and 1750, where he composed some of his most famous odes. His sumptuous house is still standing in the Salzstraße. The poet Novalis lived for a time in Langensalza in 1796 whilst studying chemistry under Johann Christian Wiegleb at his house in the Markstraße. Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland, the most eminent German physician of the 19th Century, was born in Langensalza. He is buried in the famous Dorotheenstadt Cemetery in Berlin.

Twin towns – sister cities
Bad Langensalza is twinned with:
 * 🇧🇪 Oostkamp, Belgium
 * 🇩🇪 Bad Nauheim, Germany

Notable people

 * Hermann von Salza (around 1170–1239), 4th Master of the Teutonic Order
 * Georg Neumark (1621–1681), composer and poet
 * Johann Christian Wiegleb (1732–1800), naturalist and pharmacist
 * Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland (1762–1836), physician, founder of macrobiotics
 * Hermann Bonitz (1814–1888), scholar and educator
 * Ulrich Kleemann (1892–1963), general of tank troops in World War II
 * Rudolf Batz (1903–1961), Sturmbannführer, leader of Einsatzkommando 2, responsible for the mass murder of Jews in the Baltics
 * Dieter Fromm (born 1948), middle-distance runner
 * Uwe Barth (born 1964), politician (FDP)
 * Radost Bokel (born 1975), actress
 * Claudia Schramm (born 1975), bobsledder
 * Enrico Kühn (born 1977), bobsledder
 * Marco Engelhardt (born 1980), footballer
 * Silvio Heinevetter (born 1984), handball player
 * Matthias Rahn (born 1990), footballer

title: Bad Langensalza


text:
N-tv

n-tv (styled ntv) is a German free-to-air television news channel owned by RTL Deutschland. n-tv broadcasts news and weather every hour and half-hour in the morning. It also broadcasts magazine shows and documentaries.

History
n-tv began as a business development project at Time Warner International which, under the leadership of then-chairman Steve Ross, was looking for ways to grow its businesses internationally. Time Warner at the time was a major shareholder in Turner Broadcasting System, parent company of CNN (both now part of Warner Bros. Discovery), and began looking for ways to get into the news channel business internationally. In 1991, under the direction of Tom McGrath, the then-president of Time-Warner International Broadcasting, the company developed a strategy for Austria, Germany, and the German-speaking areas of Switzerland.

One of McGrath's pet projects was a German-language 24-hour news channel. McGrath secured the last available transponder on the Kopernikus satellite and secured several terrestrial television licenses for transmission of what would become n-tv. McGrath then recruited several German companies including the Otto Group and Apax Partners as partners, and recruited Karl Kuhlo, an experienced German broadcaster, as the CEO.

The station started broadcasting on 30 November 1992, headquartered in Berlin. In doing so, it became the first German-language news channel. In 1994, CNN bought 27.5% of the company, and later increased its share to 50%.

In 2004, the station's headquarters were moved to Cologne, where other RTL stations are based.

RTL Group took full control of n-tv in 2006, having acquired half the company in 2002.

In September 2010, n-tv moved to the Rheinhallen media center in Cologne-Deutz, where all of RTL's TV operations in Germany are based.

n-tv gained a new visual identity, a new logo and graphics package from 1 September 2017. Another sister channel, RTL was also rebranded.

Programming
n-tv broadcasts news, business and talk shows. The channel broadcasts news from Monday to Friday on the hour. In the morning every half-hour (between 7 and 9 o'clock every 15 minutes). At weekends, the channel broadcasts news every hour. After 8 pm, n-tv broadcasts 15 minute news bulletins, focused on business news.

The channel also broadcasts documentaries and magazine shows focused on sport and lifestyle. A ticker at the bottom of the screen shows news, business and sports headlines as well as weather and stock market information.

Wall Street coverage
Several correspondents report live from the floor of the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ and the New York Mercantile Exchange, including Jens Korte, Lars Halter, and Markus Koch.

title: N-tv


text:
C.

C. or c. may refer to:
 * Century, sometimes abbreviated as c. or C., a period of 100 years
 * Cent (currency), abbreviated c. or ¢, a monetary unit that equals $1/100$ of the basic unit of many currencies
 * Caius or Gaius, abbreviated as C., a common Latin praenomen
 * Circa, abbreviated as c. (or ca., circ., cca, and cc.) a Latin word meaning "about" or "around"
 * Abbreviation c. meaning "chapter" in legal citation
 * Prefix c/c. (and cc/cc.) meaning "column(s)" as in-source-locator in old citations (example: "c130")

title: C.


text:
Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for Artwork

This Prize for Artwork is awarded to comics authors at the Angoulême International Comics Festival. As is the customary practice in Wikipedia for listing awards such as Oscar results, the winner of the award for that year is listed first, the others listed below are the nominees.

2000s

 * 2002: Le cri du peuple: Les canons du 18 mars by Jacques Tardi and Jean Vautrin, Casterman
 * Le Ché by Alberto Brecchia, Enrique Brecchia and Héctor Germán Oesterheld, Fréon
 * Les entremondes: Les eaux lourdes by Emmanuel Larcenet and Pascal Larcenet, Dargaud
 * Monsieur Mardi Gras Descendres: Le pays des larmes by Éric Liberge, Pointe Noire
 * Les olives noires: Pourquoi cette nuit est-elle... by Emmanuel Guibert and Joann Sfar, Dupuis
 * Sin City: L'enfer en retour by Frank Miller, Vertige graphic
 * Ubu Roi by Alfred Jarry and Daniel Casanave, 400 Coups
 * 2003: Le dérisoire by Olivier Supiot and Eric Omond, Glénat
 * Hellboy: Le ver conquérant by Mike Mignola and John Byrne
 * Dr Jekyll et Mr Hyde by Jerry Kramsky and Lorenzo Mattotti
 * Manhattan Beach 1957 by Hermann and Yves H.
 * Oscar et Monsieur O by Emmanuel Moynot
 * Vitesse moderne by Blutch
 * 2004: Blacksad: Arctic Nation by Juanjo Guarnido and Juan Diaz Canales, Dargaud
 * Le commis voyageur by Seth, Casterman
 * Les contes du 7ème souffle: Shiro Yuki by Hughes Micol and Eric Adam, Vents d'Ouest
 * Le curé: Le jugement by Christian De Metter and Laurent Lacoste, Soleil
 * Hulk: Banner by Brian Azzarello and Richard Corben, Panini Comics/Marvel
 * Léviathan by Jens Harder, L'An 2
 * Ping Pong part 1 by Taiyo Matsumoto, Delcourt
 * 2005: The Summit of the Gods by Taniguchi, Kana
 * Donjon Monstres: Les habitants des profondeurs by Patrice Killoffer, Joann Sfar and Lewis Trondheim, Delcourt
 * L’enragé by Baru, Dupuis
 * La Malle Sanderson by Götting, Delcourt
 * Les mangeurs de vie by Hampton, Les Humanoïdes Associés
 * Smart monkey by Winshluss, Cornelius
 * Wolverine: Snikt! by Nihei, Panini Comics
 * 2006: Le vol du corbeau part 2 by Jean-Pierre Gibrat, Dupuis
 * Chocottes au sous-sol by Stéphane Blanquet, La joie de lire
 * Cinéma Panopticum by Thomas Ott, L’Association
 * Gogo Monster by Taiyou Matsumoto, Delcourt
 * Mitchum by Blutch, Cornélius
 * Prestige de l’uniforme by Hugues Micol and Loo Hui Phang, Dupuis
 * Quimby the Mouse by Chris Ware, L’Association


text:
James R. Newman

James Roy Newman (1907–1966) was an American mathematician and mathematical historian. He was also a lawyer, practicing in the state of New York from 1929 to 1941. During and after World War II, he held several positions in the United States government, including Chief Intelligence Officer at the US Embassy in London, Special Assistant to the Undersecretary of War, and Counsel to the US Senate Committee on Atomic Energy. In the latter capacity, he helped to draft the Atomic Energy Act of 1946. He became a member of the board of editors for Scientific American beginning in 1948. He is also credited for first publishing the mathematical term "googol" in his book Mathematics and The Imagination, co-authored with Edward Kasner.

Author
In 1940 Newman and Edward Kasner wrote Mathematics and the Imagination, in which they reported the mathematical idea of a very large but finite number, called a "googol", consisting of 1 followed by 100 zeroes, and a larger number called a "googolplex". In 1942 Newman wrote The Tools of War, which was an illustrated examination of warfare. In 1948 he published The control of atomic energy. In 1955 he wrote What is Science and in 1956 he published The World of Mathematics, a four-volume library on the literature of mathematics from A'h-mosé the Scribe to Albert Einstein, presented with commentaries and notes (1956). The four volumes cover many branches of mathematics and represent a 15-year effort by Newman to collect what he felt were the most important essays in the field. With essays ranging from a biography of Srinivasa Ramanujan by Newman to Bertrand Russell's "Definition of Number", the series is often praised as suitable for any level of mathematical skill. The series has been reprinted several times by various publishers. Newman also wrote Gödel's Proof (1958) with Ernest Nagel, presenting the main results of Gödel's incompleteness theorem and the mathematical work and philosophies leading up to its discovery in a more accessible manner. This book inspired Douglas Hofstadter to take up the study of mathematical logic, write his famous book Gödel, Escher, Bach, and prepare a second edition of Gödel's Proof, published in 2002. In 1961 Newman wrote Science and Sensibility, in 1962 The Rule of Folly and in 1963 The Harper Encyclopedia of Science.

title: James R. Newman


text:
Southern Lights

The Southern Lights most often refers to the Aurora australis

(The) Southern Lights may also refer to:

 * Southern Lights (novel), by Danielle Steel, 2009
 * Southern Lights (album), by SJD, 2004
 * Southern Lights: Overexposed, a 2015 multimedia album by Alex Faith and Dre Murray
 * "The Southern Lights", an episode of animated TV series The Legend of Korra

title: Southern Lights


text:
Augustin Langlade

Augustin Mouet, sieur de Langlade, (with a number of name variations) (1703 – c. 1771), was born in Trois-Rivières, Quebec. He was the son of Pierre Mouet, sieur de Moras.

Augustin obtained a fur trading license at Michilimackinac in 1728. That year he married Domitilde, a widow with six children, who was the daughter of an Odawa chief and the sister to another. This strengthened his standing in the area. He was largely responsible for the establishment of the fur trading outpost that became Green Bay, Wisconsin. In 1728 he also fought in the Fox Wars together with François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery.

Augustin was a Canadian fur trader in that region. His son, Charles Michel de Langlade, was also involved in fur trading, and was a leader in the French and Indian Wars.

title: Augustin Langlade


text:
Dual processor

In computer architecture, dual processor can refer to two different types of multiprocessing:

 * 1) A computer with two central processing units
 * 2) A dual-core central processing unit: two processors combined into a single integrated circuit or package

title: Dual processor


text:
Margrete Auken

Margrete Helle Auken (born 6 January 1945) is a Danish politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2004 to 2024. She is a member of the Socialistisk Folkeparti, part of the European Green Party. She was also formerly a Member of the Folketing.

Auken was educated at the University of Copenhagen and is a sognepræst (parish priest) at the Frederiksberg Church in the Church of Denmark.

Political career
Auken was a member of the Danish parliament from October 1979 to December 1990 and from September 1994 to June 2004.

When she was elected as the sole candidate for SF for the European Parliament in 2004 Auken sparked an uproar in SF by choosing to join the European Green Party – European Free Alliance instead of the European United Left – Nordic Green League without the approval of SF.

In parliament, Auken served on the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety from 2014. She had previously been a member of the Committee on Transport and Tourism (2004-2007), the Committee on Development (2005-2009). In 2007 she also joined the Committee on Petitions.

In addition to her committee assignments, Auken was a member of the delegation for relations with Palestine. She is also part of the European Parliament Intergroup on the Welfare and Conservation of Animals and the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas.

Auken was re-elected in 2019.

Personal life
Auken's brother is Svend Auken. She has three children. Her daughter Ida Auken is also a priest and politician, though since 2014 she has been a member of the Danish Social Liberal Party, unlike her mother. The younger Auken was Minister of the Environment in the Cabinet of Helle Thorning-Schmidt I.

title: Margrete Auken


text:
Hana Gartner

Hana Gartner CM is a retired Canadian investigative journalist who is best known as the host and interviewer of several programs for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.

Early life and education
Gartner was born in 1948 in Prague, Czechoslovakia, but grew up in Chomedey, Laval, Quebec. She studied at Loyola College (now Concordia University), in Montreal, and graduated cum laude.

Career
Gartner began her career as a radio host at Montreal's CJAD in 1970.

In 1974, she joined the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as a TV news anchor at CBMT Montreal. She moved to Toronto the following year to work on the program In Good Company, alongside Roger Abbott, Don Ferguson, Nancy White, and Gene DiNovi.

Gartner became the host of CBC Radio's This Country in the Morning and replaced Judy LaMarsh in 1976. The following year, she moved back to television as a co-host of both the CBC's local newscast at CBLT in Toronto and the network's afternoon public affairs program Take 30. (Previous hosts of Take 30 had included Mary Lou Finlay, Moses Znaimer, and Adrienne Clarkson.)

In 1982, Gartner became co-host of the CBC's primetime TV newsmagazine, The Fifth Estate. In 1992, she worked alongside Julian Sher and Daniel Burke in exposing Inspector Claude Savoie of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police as corrupt. In her interviews with Savoie, she asked him questions about his business relationships with the shady lawyer Sidney Leithman and the gangster Allan "the Weasel" Ross. Savoie told her that he had last seen Ross in May 1992 and that: "He [Ross] wasn't an informant, nor was I an informant for him. But I knew him. Put it that way. I met him". The scandal ended with Savoie committing suicide in his office at the RCMP's national headquarters in Ottawa. Gartner stated that she was in shock at the time as she recalled: “We were both like whirling dervishes. No story is worth anybody offing himself."

In 1995, she replaced Pamela Wallin as co-host with Peter Mansbridge of CBC's flagship newshour, Prime Time News, as it returned to 10 p.m. and reverted to its previous name, The National. Gartner hosted the National Magazine portion of the programme, which has interviews, extended features, and documentaries and was the second half of the hour, following Mansbridge's newscast.

Gartner left The National, returned to The Fifth Estate in 2000, and remained with the programme for 11 years.

On May 11, 2011, Gartner announced her retirement from the CBC.

Awards
Gartner has won five Gemini Awards and has been nominated 18 times in the Gemini hosting, anchoring, and interviewing categories during her career. She has also twice won the special Gemini Gordon Sinclair Award for excellence in broadcast journalism: in 1985 and in 2006. In 2011, she was nominated for a Michener Award for her story about a troubled teen who died while in the Ontario corrections system.

In 2019, she was appointed as a member of the Order of Canada.

title: Hana Gartner


text:
Talk:James R. Newman

Untitled
I have tried and failed to find dates for Newman's birth and death online; my copy of The World of Mathematics does not have them (being from 1956), and my copy of Goedel's Proof is currently in another state. Any information would be appreciated.

 * Library of Congress data says (1907-1966). --Fastfission 02:59, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

As of Sep. 21, 2010 there is a discrepancy in the article. It states: "In 1888 Newman wrote (with Edward Kasner) Mathematics and the Imagination..". However, Newman's date of birth is listed as 1907. --96.10.96.35 (talk) 15:30, 21 September 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:James R. Newman


text:
Jacobellis

Jacobellis may refer to:

 * Jacobellis v. Ohio, a United States Supreme Court decision of 1964 on obscenity
 * Lindsey Jacobellis (born 1985), American snowboarder

title: Jacobellis


text:
BitComet

BitComet (originally named SimpleBT client from versions 0.11 to 0.37) is a cross-protocol BitTorrent, HTTP and FTP client written in C++ for Microsoft Windows and available in 52 different languages. Its first public release was version 0.28. The current BitComet logo has been used since version 0.50.

Features
The BitComet program is a multi-threaded multi-protocol hybrid download manager and BitTorrent peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing application. It supports simultaneous download tasks. To complete a particular download, it can draw parts of files from many sources across different P2P and client–server protocols.

BitComet's main features include an embedded Internet Explorer window to let users search for torrents. Along with the features typical of contemporary BitTorrent clients, it supports UPnP gateway configuration, bandwidth scheduling, Webseeding, selecting only certain files for download inside a torrent package, NAT traversal (removed in v.1.03), Peer Exchange (in older versions, using a proprietary protocol and starting with v.1.19 also by using the Extension Protocol, implementing a PEX mechanism compatible with μTorrent / Mainline PEX), Initial-Seeding (Super-Seeding) and support for Magnet Links.

When downloading, BitComet provides the option to prioritize the first and last portions of media files so that files may be previewed before they are completely downloaded. It also has a "Preview Download Mode" in which all pieces of the torrent will be, basically, downloaded sequentially thus allowing the user to play a media file while downloading (provided that the downloading speed and piece availability stay ahead of playing bitrate). BitComet also allows users to share their .torrent files, on a searchable P2P network, with other BitComet users through the torrent sharing feature, named "Torrent Share" in previous versions and renamed to "Torrent Exchange" since v.1.17. BitComet uses the Kademlia (mainline) DHT to operate even when the tracker is offline. BitComet is capable of downloading files over HTTP and FTP as well as bittorrent, and it includes download plugins for Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Maxthon.

An optional plugin is available to connect to the eD2K network. The plugin is a modified version of the GPL eMule program. When installed, it connects automatically to a server.

The software includes an application to play Flash Video files (.flv and .swf files).

In February 2011, BitComet launched an anonymous downloading feature to its VIP customers. Using this feature, downloads will be handled by BitComet VIP servers and the real IP address of the user will be hidden.

Optional standalone software
BitComet.com offers a BitTorrent tracker available for download from the official site. The FLV player program can also be downloaded separately and used independently of the BitComet software.

Search engine
The search site is google.atcomet.com

Hash reporting
Since version 0.86 BitComet includes discussion and stat-tracking features which send information about torrents to the Bitcomet.com servers, including the torrent hash.

DHT exploit
During version 0.60, BitComet received bad publicity because its implementation of the DHT feature, which was new at the time, could be exploited to ignore the private flag of a tracker. This allowed users to avoid download and upload ratio restrictions, which are common on private trackers. Some private trackers responded to this by blacklisting version 0.60. BitComet developer RnySmile reverted the client back to version 0.59 in response to the blacklisting.

The DHT exploit was fixed in version 0.61.

Padding files
Starting with version 0.85 (from early 2007), BitComet added a non-standard option to its torrent maker that ensures that no two data files in a multi-file torrent occupy the same BitTorrent "piece." To accomplish this, BitComet includes in the torrent a collection of empty "padding" files which houses the remainder of each file's last "piece". While these files are transparent to BitComet users, they damage the performance of other clients, because peers must devote resources and bandwidth to the padding files, with no benefit to the non-BitComet users. These files can constitute up to 10% of the total data transferred, creating a substantial drain on the swarm. BitComet developers added this feature to allow support of a feature called Long-Term Seeding in which the BitComet client can download files from other BitComet clients who have an identical file but not from the same torrent. It also allows the downloading of individual files from other non torrent sources like ED2K links. The addition of the padding file ensures that a complete version of the file can be obtained rather than being unable to complete the relevant file or last "piece"

Creation of padding files has been enabled by default since version 0.85, and as of version 1.36 is still enabled by default.

FileHippo controversy
The download site FileHippo ceased carrying new versions of BitComet in April 2008, with this announcement.

As of April 2008 FileHippo will no longer be updating BitComet. As they have copied the FileHippo site text, files, images and update checker and are passing it off as original work. We recommend you use a different more reputable torrent client such as uTorrent.

This occurred after FileHippo reportedly noticed that the design and code of the AppHit.com site was very similar with the one FileHippo used, copying not only icons, but text from FileHippo's website and FileHippo's own original update checking software.

Because AppHit and BitComet were contractual partners, FileHippo decided to stop carrying BitComet. BitComet has since terminated the partnership, by 2015 FileHippo made BitComet available once more.

Torrent file format
According to the official BitTorrent specification, 'All strings in a .torrent file that contains text must be UTF-8 encoded'. When generating torrents on non-Latin character systems such as Chinese or Japanese, BitComet versions prior to 1.20 encoded the files' names and paths using the Windows Chinese/Japanese code page, and stored a UTF-8 version in a non-standard attribute. Starting with the March 2010 release of version 1.20, BitComet's torrent format now conforms to the standard.

title: BitComet