text:
Talk:Andre Norton

Untitled

 * "She was the editor of a literary page in the school's paper[...]"

Can anyone find out what the school paper was called?

 * "In later years her health has been uncertain; she was forced to move to Florida in November 1966 and now lives in Tennessee."

Does this mean we don't know about her health or that it was variable? Who or what forced her to move to Florida and how was she then able to move to Tennessee?

 * "Often called the Grande Dame of Science Fiction and Fantasy[...]"

By whom?

 * "She has had a profound influence on the entire genre"

Do any other authors cite her as inspiration? Are there sales figures or awards to back this up?

I think answers to any or all of these question would help fill out the article. I found this article through Special:Randompage. If anyone feels like answering some of these questions I'd invite you to answer this one while you're at it: which of her books should I read first? —Rory ☺ 21:37, Aug 11, 2004 (UTC)

All good questions. I have answered the ones I could. I couldn't find the name of her school paper, for instance. Her web site mentions that her health forced her to move but gives few details. All the authors I put in have interviews that mentioned her. (ie Charles de Lint I grew up on Andre Norton, Clifford Simak, Philip Jose Farmer, Roger Zelazny, and the like).

I recommend the original Witch World books with Simon Tregarth first. The Witch World and Web of the Witch World. From there Three against the Witch World and Warlock of the Witch World. She has written an awful lot of books, many of which I haven't read :) The Steve 04:20, Aug 12, 2004 (UTC)

Splitting off series into separate articles
I reckon that the Witch World series and the Halfblood Chronicles, just to mention two, need to be split off into separate articles. This would make it easier to reference them from the articles for other collaborators, of which there are at least 5 (by my quick & dirty count). If no-one objects wildly, I'll get to it when I can. --Phil | Talk 13:12, Sep 20, 2004 (UTC)

missing books
I have in my notes that the following books are missing from this list, but I have not verified them or put them in the correct series. --ssd 06:03, 19 Mar 2005 (UTC)

This is also missing her historical romance stuff like " Opal-Eyed Fan ", " The Jade Fox ", " Ride Proud Rebel " and its sequel " Rebel Spurs ", and so on...

 * She published over 130 books, and at the present the list is 20+ books shy of that mark. — RJH 23:44, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * According to my research she has published 213 titles as books, 91 titles as short stories, and 23 books where she was editor, this does not count non-fiction writtings. --Lotsawatts 14:19, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Please add to this list and delete from it as necessary:
 * Brother to shadows
 * Shadow of Ablion
 * Day of the Ness, The
 * Iron cage
 * Mirror of destiny
 * Scent of magic
 * Tiger burning bright
 * Wizards' worlds
 * Opal-Eyed Fan (historical romance)
 * The White Jade Fox
 * Ride Proud Rebel OCLC: 1636603
 * Rebel Spurs (sequel to Ride...)
 * Return to Quag Keep (according to Dragon Magazine's obituary (#332 June 2005) she was colaborating with Jean Rabe on this sequal to 1978's Quag Keep when she died, jean will complete it and it will be publish in early 2006.)

I have added many books by looking in the OCLC WorldCat database and getting info from there. I believe all of Andre's books published before 1950 1960 are now listed. I didn't do a comprehensive check of the others yet. (WorldCat is an excellent source of info and is probably provide online by your local library. Ask them for further details.) Liblamb 21:13, 8 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I have a work of sci-fi by Andre Norton,  Breed to Come , Viking Press, New York, First Edition, 1972 (haven't read it yet). The second leaf of the book has this list:

 * Also by Andre Norton

 * Exiles of the Stars
 * Ice Crown
 * Uncharted Stars
 * The Zero Stone
 * Moon of Three Rings
 * Quest Crosstime

 * I've crossed out the ones that are listed already. I have not yet found Breed to Come or Ice Crown listed. Alexander 007 09:05, 18 March 2006 (UTC)

 * All above listed books added. There are others listed in WorldCat. Liblamb 20:20, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Another good book is Operation Time Search (Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1967) (does this fall under Liblamb's WorldCat remark above?)

Android at Arms
I am pretty sure that Android at Arms was published earlier than 1993. I read it in grade school, probably around 1980. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Special:Contributions/ (talk)

 * The ISFDB dates it to 1971. If you still have a copy, could you check the copyright date that it lists? grendel|khan 00:47, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Android At Arms first published - HARCOURT, 0-152-03497-8, LCCN 77152695, 1971, HC, 253pg - --Lotsawatts 14:23, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Gutenberg links---please link to the catalog.
I changed a link to a Project Gutenberg etext so that it pointed to the catalog page instead of directly to the HTML version of the etext. Project Gutenberg produces plain text versions and zip files containing the complete HTML-with-images distribution in addition to the online HTML. It also provides for a selection of local mirrors so that the load is distributed off of the main Project Gutenberg site. They request that incoming links point to the catalog page instead of deep-linking directly to one particular version.

I mention this here because it's likely that there will be more PG links---the Gutenberg in-progress list shows at least "The Defiant Agents", "The Gifts of Asti", "Key Out of Time", "Rebel Spurs", "Ride Proud, Rebel!", "Star Hunter", "Storm over Warlock" and "Time Traders" under Andre Norton, and more may be added as the copyright clearance process continues. grendel|khan 00:40, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

The bibliography section is redundant.
More than half of the article is the bibliography section, which provides the same information that's available on the ISFDB. If there are discrepancies, I have access to the ISFDB and can address them. I propose that once the bibliography here is checked against the ISFDB's, that this copy is deleted, moved to a new page (Bibliography of Andre Norton?) or replaced with a category (Books by Andre Norton? see Category:Books_by_Isaac_Asimov). Its present form serves to bloat the page. grendel|khan 00:59, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Alan E. Nourse
Why the text about Alan E. Nourse? It seems irrelevant to me, in regards to Andre Norton. --Kristjan Wager 09:01, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Because Alan E. Nourse was assumed to be another of her pseudonyms for quite a while. It's not. Gweeks 20:27, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

 * It bothers me, and actually, the way it's currently phrased, could lead someone to assume that there was a connection between the two, (other than their close proximity on the library shelves.) Hmmm, we actually don't even have any citation to show that anyone ever did assume Nourse to be one of her pseudonyms. I'm going to try rephrasing it. Marieblasdell 23:00, 29 May 2007 (UTC)

Bibliography Corrections
It is my opinion that the entire Bibliography section needs to be reworked. I see many errors and misinformation. For instance when a title is listed and then it is stated (with another name) one assumes that person contributed to the actual writing. Just in the first five titles this happens three times. The names listed were actually the illustrators. I believe it should be stated as such.

The Empire of Dust should be removed for it is a story written by Basil Wells and appears in a booklet titled Science Fantasy Series – Griffin Booklet One - Empire of Dust / Gifts of Asti. The Gifts of Asti is the story by Andre Norton as Andrew North.

Space Police is a collection of (stories) but like Space Pioneers is only edited by Andre Norton. Although she did write the introduction for both.

In the Witch World Listing most of the titles are short stories not books. I could go on but it is not necessary. I agree that the whole bibliography should be its own page, and would be more than willing to contribute to it. Since I’m new by just a couple days to wikipedia in general I guess I’m asking permission. --Lotsawatts 14:08, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

 * No need to ask permission. If there are errors, go ye forth and fix.  That's the beauty of wiki. Shsilver 14:17, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Collaborator?
The book "Day of the Ness" lists her collaborator as Michael Gilbert, and this links to the British crime writer of that name. I suspect this may be a false link; the book doesn't appear in Gilbert's own bibliography, and he seems an unlikely collaborator for her, as her genre is quite different from his. Can anyone confirm or deny this link? Jon Rob 09:50, 15 September 2006 (UTC)

 * The Ness co-author Michael Gilbert (1947–2000) was primarily an illustrator in the speculative fiction fields, routinely as "Mike Gilbert"..
 * Alfred Hitchcock reportedly edited the first of his four fictions as a writer, "The Uninvited" (1966), but he is not the British crime writer (1912-2006). I wonder whether ISFDB mistakenly attributed that one. --at age 19, two years prior to his debut as American spec fic illustrator.
 * --P64 (talk) 18:14, 30 April 2013 (UTC)

Lyn McConchie
Bit OT, but would someone start the Lyn McConchie article? I know she's a fellow Kiwi but thats about it. Also, is there any info on whether Lyn McConchie is planning to or was given permission to continue some of the series she worked on like the Beast Master series and Estcarp Cycle of the Witch World series (n.b. I've never actually read any of her books and don't know about them in great detail so perhaps they've already finished and this is a dumb question). There are also a few other recent collaborators. One of them is finishing a story which I pressume they were collaborating on. Are and of these likely to work on her series? Nil Einne 18:08, 6 December 2006 (UTC)

N.B. A number of her collabarations with Lyn were nominated for or won the Sir Julius Vogel Award (due to Lyn McConchie involvement since it's an award for scifi/fantasy books by NZers) Nil Einne 18:08, 6 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I'll rough out a very stubby start for one - I've known Lyn on and off for a number of years, but haven't seen her in nearly a decade. Grutness...wha?  07:33, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Separate Bibliography of Andre Norton
Bibliography is now complete and up-to-date.

Dipple, Janus & Forerunner series tied together.

Now its up to someone who knows how to create a seperate Bibliography page. For as you can see it is now quite long. --Lotsawatts 02:01, 10 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I concur - done. T h e St ev e  14:59, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Six years have passed and the name has changed to Andre Norton bibliography. It's exceptionally severe in listing works without commentary. The longest prose on the page is this preface to section 2.14:
 * Janus
 * The story of Naill Renfro who, changed by an alien artefact, sets out to protect the planet of Janus from external threats. Linked to the "Dipple" and "Forerunner" series.

 * Meanwhile this biography doesn't give much factual information about any of her novels, series, or even the "project" or metaseries Witch World. "Recurring motifs" (double-tagged this month by another editor; I tagged "High Hallack Library") tries to cover the content of her works as a whole.
 * --P64 (talk) 17:18, 28 March 2013 (UTC)

1934 debut publication, debut as "Andre Norton"
In this biography and in the Andre Norton bibliography (renamed since 2006!) we report that her first published book was The Prince Commands? The bibliography calls it "non-genre" perhaps meaning that it is not fantasy or science fiction.

Here we say, "In 1934, she legally changed her name to Andre Alice Norton, a pen name she had adopted to increase her marketability, since boys were the main audience for fantasy.[1]"

Had she adopted the pen name for all purposes, including submission of The Prince Commands (and perhaps her prior effort)? Was The Prince Commands originally published as by Andre Norton, Andre Alice Norton, whatever? Are we correct to call it non-genre and imply it is not fantasy? Does it belong in another genre with a boys market?

Notes from : This biography should cover her first publisher (Appleton) and her first genre publisher and/or the publisher who first provided a secure outlet for her genre writings.
 * Who published the debut book? ISFDB says "D. Appleton-Century Company" --and also report a Danish-language edition in 1937, not bad under all curcumstances!
 * ISFDB also calls the first effort Ralestone Luck non-genre and reports that Appleton published it in 1938 with illustrations and cover art by James Reid.
 * ISFDB lists seven "non-genre" books published 1934 to 1949 and —(now I am skimming and errorprone)— those are the seven earliest books credited to her.

We say D. Appleton & Company and The Century Company merged in 1933. (Which month? When did Norton first submit a manuscript to Appleton–Century or one of its predecessors? Did the merger give her a break or a setback?--we'll never know)

Some publisher data should be in the bibliography, of course.

--P64 (talk) 00:36, 7 February 2013 (UTC)

 * (Tom Doherty Associates/Tor Books, 1983; ISBN 0-523-48058-X) claims in the front cover banner "First Time in Paperback!" (ISFDB is not reliable on this point, but fits.) No subtitle, no illustrations.
 * Author's note
 * Once, some few years ago, a boy begged a story of me. It was to be of "sword fights and impossible things." I complied as best I could with this imaginatary tale of Courts and Castles, Crown Princes and Communists. The telling of it was not in days, or weeks, but in months. However, I fulfilled my promise.
 * Here, John, is your story of "impossible things."
 * --P64 (talk) 20:58, 21 June 2013 (UTC)

Reviewed as male (he, his)

 * In eight reviews from 1958 to 1963, including the four Time Traders novels, Kirkus Reviews identified Andre Norton as male (he, his).
 * She was female (her) in the 1957 review of Sea Siege and not identified by gender (or female which I may have missed) in 15 other reviews pre-1958.
 * Most reviews do not use s/he or her/s but not long after 1963 Norton became Miss Norton sometimes, eventually the Grand Dame "of the genre" or whatever, which implied the point clearly. I wonder whether the masculine pseudonym helped the epithet Grand Dame gain currency.
 * that is, as a way to preempt the jump from name 'Andre' to conclusion male.

 * Early in the careers of Norton and Virginia Kirkus, reviews commonly identified the gender of readers --not all readers, of course, but those notable for purposes of the review.
 * 1942, "Girls will realize what strength and persistance it took in those days to fight through life--present day hardships will not seem so difficult."
 * 1948, "Well-sustained, action-packed pirate yarn which should provide good material to bridge that gap for the boys emerging from the comic book stage."
 * 1949, 'Straight adventure, well done, a good "bridging book" to use as bait for the comic addicts.' --a preoccupation of Virginia Kirkus? and/or children's and school librarians?
 * 1960, "A boy's story, packed with adventure and fancy."
 * --P64 (talk) 18:37, 30 April 2013 (UTC)

Interesting. I would just take that to mean that the reviewers saw a male sounding name and made an assumption. 129.33.19.254 (talk) 18:48, 30 April 2013 (UTC)

 * Yes, so it suggests that the task of reviewing Andre Norton fell to someone new in 1958, and that Virginia Kirkus did not any longer even lightly edit all of the reviews personally, and of course that Norton was not yet the 'Grand Dame'.
 * Our articles on the three sequels to The Time Traders do quote from their Kirkus reviews, correcting his to [her] or to his [sic] without comment, also without proper reference. Let me improve that ...
 * -done in course of major revision for The Beast Master (1959), not yet for any other --P64 (talk) 22:07, 1 May 2013 (UTC)

Uncertain health when?

 * (quote 1. Biography) In later years, as Norton's health became uncertain, she moved to Florida in November 1966, and then to Murfreesboro, Tennessee. From February 21, 2005, she was under hospice care.

 * (quote 4. High Hallack Library) The facility was opened on February 28, 1999, and operated until March 2004. ... The declining health of Andre Norton was one of the leading causes of its closing.[24]

In 1966 she was in her prime as a writer (The Encyclopedia of SF suggests that she peaked in the 1970s). She undertook the High Hallack project late in the 1990s. I doubt the 40 years of uncertain health.

--P64 (talk) 16:01, 13 July 2013 (UTC)
 * Good point, I think we definitely need that clarified. 50.151.230.203 (talk) 08:15, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

 * I found (and added) a reference to her ill health starting in 1950. Ill health in this case probably means could no longer work a usual job, (in fact, it says "Forced by ill health to resign her post in 1950") which would explain the increase in her writing.    Th e S te ve   09:55, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

It looks like the 40 years of uncertain health is true. I have added a source for her move in 1966 for health reasons, and changed the paragraph order to be more chronological. Th e S te ve  10:20, 14 July 2013 (UTC)
 * More than 50 years, even. Sounds like some kind of chronic health condition.  Thanks for finding that. 50.151.230.203 (talk) 17:06, 14 July 2013 (UTC)
 * The High Hallack subsite (now ref#26) provides more information that should be incorporated here. Evidently the "High Hallack Genre Writers' Research and Reference Library" venue was one of two buildings on AN residential property. Writers and researchers invited to use the facility, no more than four at a time, were also invited to live one week in her house, no fee, donations accepted. She moved to a mother-in-law apartment probably during March 2004 when the library collection and real estate were sold (and much personal property, i'm sure).
 * The 2012 Norton Award Blog Tour includes a bit that I'll try to remember to include here. Evidently the award established Feb 2005 was her own initiative. --P64 (talk) 22:01, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

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young woman protagonist
"With her 1965 book Year of the Unicorn (third in the High Hallack spinoff of her Witch World series), she used a young woman as the protagonist, which was at the time uncommon for American works of fantasy."

An interesting statement, but since the most famous American work of fantasy before Norton started writing is The Wizard of Oz, with a young woman protagonist, and its sequels, many of which also feature young woman protagonists, I'm dubious about the statement. Is there a citation?Skepticalgiraffe (talk) 19:22, 8 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Uncommon and unheard of are two different things, although I agree that it could use a citation. 76.231.73.99 (talk) 04:26, 9 February 2019 (UTC)

Master of Science that doesnt exit
which world? exterminating people without leaving a trace? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A0A:A540:693:0:94A6:6AFA:F269:DD9D (talk) 14:30, 23 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Andre Norton


text:
War of the Worlds (1988 TV series)

War of the Worlds is a science fiction television series that ran for two seasons, from October 7, 1988 to May 14, 1990. The series is a continuation of the 1953 film The War of the Worlds, a loose adaptation of the 1898 novel of the same title by H. G. Wells, using the same war machine designs and often incorporating aspects from the film, radio adaptation, and the original novel into its mythology.

Though the original film's producer, George Pal, envisioned a TV follow-up sometime in the 1970s, it was not until the late 1980s that a series was finally realized, this time by television producer Greg Strangis. The show was a part of the boom of first-run syndicated television series being produced at the time. It was later shown in reruns on the Sci Fi Channel.

The series was filmed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Premise
According to the series, rather than being killed outright by germs at the end of the 1953 film, the aliens had all slipped into a state of suspended animation. Their bodies were stored away in toxic waste drums and shipped to various disposal sites within the United States (ten such sites are known to exist in the country) and a widespread government cover-up combined with a condition dubbed “selective amnesia” has convinced most people that the invasion had never happened.

Although the original movie narration had explicitly stated that the aliens were Martians (even featuring artwork indicating an alien city on the planet Mars), since 1953 the concept of vastly intelligent life on Mars had lost plausibility. In the series, the aliens are revealed to actually be from Mor-Tax—a garden planet 40 light-years away in the Taurus constellation orbiting a dying sun.

Thirty-five years later, in 1988 (modern day when the series began), a terrorist group calling itself the People's Liberation Party accidentally irradiates the drums containing the aliens while raiding the dumpsite near Fort Jericho. The radiation destroys the bacteria that were keeping the aliens unconscious. Once free, the aliens take possession of the bodies of the six terrorists who overran the site. From there they use a series of human bodies and crudely adapted Earth technology to find means of appropriating the planet, both in removing humanity and developing a permanent means to inoculate themselves against the planet's indigenous bacteria. Their attempt to successfully make Earth into their new homeworld is imperative, for in roughly five years three million colonists from Mor-Tax are expected to arrive.

First season
Opening narration (spoken in voice-over by Martin in character as Blackwood):

"In 1953, Earth experienced a War of the Worlds. Common bacteria stopped the aliens, but it didn't kill them. Instead, the aliens lapsed into a state of deep hibernation. Now the aliens have been resurrected, more terrifying than before. In 1953, the aliens started taking over the world; today, they're taking over our bodies!"

Along with other sci-fi/horror series that ran in syndication in the late 1980s (such as Friday the 13th: The Series and Freddy's Nightmares), War of the Worlds constantly pushed the “acceptable content” envelope, regularly featuring violence on par with the R-rated horror movies of the time. Gore is commonplace in the first season: dead aliens and their tossed-away hosts’ bodies melt in a grotesque puddle and the ruthless Mor-Taxans have no compunctions about torturing or mutilating any human who gets in their way. One of their trademark methods of murder would be gouged-out eyes courtesy of the third arm that would often burst out from their chest.

During the first season, the aliens are led by a triumvirate known as the Advocacy. They are a part of their society's ruling class, overseeing the invasion force on Earth while their leaders, the invisible and never heard Council, remain back on Mor-Tax. Outfitted throughout most of the season in contamination suits that pump coolant to counteract the killing heat of the radiation they need, they stay in their base of operation: a cavern in the Nevada desert, which is perfect due to the ambient radiation from atomic bomb tests. Due to the risks to their lives, they rarely venture into the outside world because without the Advocacy the lower classes would have no guidance and be useless.

Their goal is to pick up where they left off in 1953 by making way on Earth for the three million colonists heading in exodus from their dying world. Their major objective in order to accomplish this terraforming is to remove humanity from the planet. The aliens’ hatred of human beings goes beyond simple prejudice. Having come from a planet that can be compared to the Garden of Eden based on its description, the aliens see that humans do nothing but desecrate what they would call a paradise, and most importantly, a new home. Without humans in the way, they can restore the vegetation, and better replicate the conditions of their deceased world. To carry out a successful war, they seek out weapons (some of which are their own left behind from previous visitations), help amass their army, and engage in infiltration and all sorts of acts of warfare. But to make things more problematic, they must also find immunity against the germs that befell them in 1953.

The simplicity of the alien invasion storyline is countered in the first season by the addition of anomalous entities whose motives are only partially explained:

 * Quinn: An alien trapped in a human host since the invasion of ’53, mysteriously immune to bacteria, and ready to play both of the major warring factions against each other for his own favor.
 * The Qar’To: An unknown alien race represented by a synthetic lifeform sent to Earth, they want the Mor-Taxans dead and humanity preserved, but for sinister reasons.
 * Project 9: A shadow government organization much like the Blackwood Project, but more interested in alien research than in resisting or countering the Mor-Taxan invasion plans.

A number of recurring allies are presented for the Blackwood team. Sylvia Van Buren (a character from the George Pal film reprised by the original actress, Ann Robinson), who was a colleague of Dr. Forrester, has since the end of the war developed the ability to sense the aliens and is prone to fairly accurate precognitive visions. The aliens’ scientific arsenal has little power over the supernatural powers of shaman Joseph Lonetree (whose presence is seemingly foreshadowed in the first episode). The team even makes friends with the remaining Grover's Mill militia of 1938 who had their own run-in with the aliens.

A recurring element in the series is the number three. This is an extension of the film, wherein the aliens’ physiology, technology and society are rooted in multiples of three: from their caste system (ruling class, soldiers, and scientists) to their bodies (three arms with three fingers), weaponry (in “The Resurrection”, they make bolas with three weighted ends), and even their mating cycle is every nine years (three times three years). The appearance of the number in some form is sprinkled throughout the season in reference to the aliens.

The episodes all had (often ironic) Biblical titles, such as "The Walls of Jericho", "To Heal the Leper", and "Among the Philistines".

“To Life Immortal” (too doe nakotae as it would be said in the aliens’ native tongue), a phrase by which the aliens seem to sum up their belief system, is a common exchange between aliens, as a pledge to their shared goal or as a battle cry before honorable self-sacrifice. It later became a popular catchphrase among the show's fans.

Second season
Opening voice-over:

"There's rioting breaking out through the city. Fire is continuing to burn everywhere. Troops are shooting people. My God, I... I don't know why! There's a woman dying in front of me, and no one's helping her! There are conflicting reports about who or what started the chaos. Will someone tell me what's happening? This is madness! What is this world coming to?"

The creative team of Season 1 was replaced, bringing in Frank Mancuso, Jr., who was also busy producing Friday the 13th: The Series. Many aspects of the show were retooled, such as the title sequence and music, and much of the black humor and Biblical references were removed. Norton and Ironhorse, two major characters from the first season, are killed off in the season premiere and replaced by mercenary John Kincaid (Adrian Paul).

The modern-day setting of the first season shifted to a not-too-distant future of "Almost Tomorrow" in which the world has since spiraled into a dismal state with its economy, environment, and government all beaten down. The antagonists of the first season are replaced by the Morthren, from Mothrai; while the first season aliens were said to be from the planet Mor-Tax, there is a half-hearted explanation for this change in the final episode. The Morthren exterminate all the aliens from the first season for their failure to eradicate humanity.

Whereas bacteria and radiation are constant problems for the aliens in the first season, the Morthren have quickly found a cure-all means for this by transmutating into human bodies. With this, they forwent the ability to possess human bodies, retaining only one human body. These bodies are, however, easily damaged; as seen in the series a single bullet wound is enough to cause the aliens' human form to break down, killing them. Their equivalent of body-swapping is a cloning machine that makes exact copies of someone, only differing in that the duplicates would be loyal to the Morthren cause and their existence tied to the original. Ironically, as sores are the telltale signs of alien possession in the first season, a lack of scars or any physical flaw was a telltale sign of a clone, as the Morthren are fixated with perfection. While the Eternal is their god, the Morthren are led by Malzor (played by Denis Forest, who had a large part in the Season 1 episode “Vengeance Is Mine”). Just under him was the scientist Mana (Catherine Disher, whose husband also played a major role in a Season 1 episode) with Ardix (Julian Richings who appeared briefly in “He Feedeth Among the Lillies”) as her assistant.

Meanwhile, with General Wilson missing, the Cottage destroyed, and two team members lost in battle, the remnants of the team, with mercenary Kincaid, seek shelter. They take up base in an underground hideout in the sewers. Some of the characters experience shifts, such as Harrison carrying a gun, becoming more sullen and losing his more quirky personality traits. The friction between the militaristic Ironhorse and the other team members was not transferred with Kincaid, who got along well with everyone, who themselves became more militaristic in season 2. The show's theme of warfare between two races, and all the issues that come with it, was replaced by a theme of a bleak life on a desolate world, but with possible hope for the future.

Although the series was canceled after 14 episodes had been broadcast, six more episodes were completed. This gave the production team the time and opportunity to create a finale, "The Obelisk", which offers a conclusive ending to the series as a whole.

Main cast
An eclectic group is formed by the government to deal with the new alien threat, and the series follows their missions and adventures (and often failures) in fighting the aliens. The Blackwood Project, named after its central member, consists of the following:

 * Dr. Harrison Blackwood (Jared Martin): Astrophysicist whose parents were killed in the 1953 invasion. He was adopted following the events of the film by Dr. Clayton Forrester and Blackwood's character is played very much to resemble Forrester down to his demeanor, dress, and even his speech and appearance. He is a pacifist and a vegetarian, and is often seen practicing many alternative health techniques such as yoga during the first season, but becomes grittier in the second.
 * Dr. Suzanne McCullough (Lynda Mason Green): Microbiologist and single mother to Debi. She firmly embraces standard procedure in her work, which causes friction with Blackwood and his chaotic and eccentric work habits.
 * Debi McCullough (Rachel Blanchard)
 * Norton Drake (Philip Akin, season 1): A long-time friend of Harrison, he is a paraplegic computer genius who is granted mobility via a voice-activated wheelchair named Gertrude. He is often portrayed as being cool and laid back with a good sense of humor. In earlier episodes he had a pseudo-Caribbean accent; this was later dropped.
 * Lt. Col. Paul Ironhorse (Richard Chaves, season 1): Military man. He is rather conservative and often clashes with the other members of the team, especially Blackwood who is his political and philosophical opposite.
 * John Kincaid (Adrian Paul, season 2): Human resistance member
 * Malzor (Denis Forest, season 2): Alien commander
 * Mana (Catherine Disher, season 2): Alien scientist

Notable guest stars
The first season featured some recognisable actors in the series. Aside from getting Ann Robinson to reprise her role as Sylvia van Buren from the film, the series also obtained John Colicos (from Battlestar Galactica and Star Trek) as rogue alien Quinn who, while only appearing twice, was no doubt intended to play an integral part of the series as it went on (the character's power-hungry nature and middleman status between two worlds is noticeably reminiscent of Colicos’ role as Lord Baltar). The list of notable guests begins in the show's very start with John Vernon appearing in the first two episodes as General Wilson. Other guest stars throughout the series: Patrick Macnee, Greg Morris, Jeff Corey, John Ireland, Colm Feore, and James Hong.

The series was also the early working ground for future stars. Chris Potter made his acting debut in the second episode of season one. Singer Alannah Myles appears in the 20th episode of season one, which aired less than three weeks after the release of her platinum-certified eponymous debut album. Aside from exclusive season two star Adrian Paul (of Highlander fame), the second season also featured the first onscreen appearance of Mia Kirshner. The second season also gave more screentime to Rachel Blanchard, who only had minor play in the first season. Julian Richings also makes regular appearances as Ardix, an alien scientist working under Mana.

Season 1 (1988–89)
Note that three episodes ("The Walls of Jericho", "The Good Samaritan", and "Epiphany") are credited to pseudonyms based on the original film characters Clayton Forrester and Sylvia van Buren. These were the first three regular episodes produced, during the 1988 Writers Guild of America strike, and the writers (possibly including series creator Greg Strangis) went uncredited to avoid being charged with strikebreaking.

Novelization
A novelization of the pilot episode was written by J. M. Dillard. While following the same narrative structure of the episode, the book contains characters from the 1953 film and scenes not included in the final cut of the pilot; it also explores more deeply the aliens' political motivations, and emphasizes denial instead of the "selective amnesia" aspect of the plot.

Home media
On November 1, 2005, Paramount Home Media Distribution released season 1 on DVD in Region 1. The set's release coincided with the DVD re-release of the 1953 film from which the show was spawned (the updated version from Steven Spielberg being released on DVD later the same month). A common criticism of the DVDs has been the poor image quality; fans in particular also point out the omission of the alien hand animation from the opening credits that had been inexplicably removed from every episode. The set contains no special features. It does, however, allow the viewer to jump to a chapter, which are divided by act, including the opening and closing credits, but are not available via any menu. It also includes closed captioning, but these may not be entirely reliable as there are several clear errors - for example, it is inconsistent in how it spells the name of the aliens' homeworld, neither of which is the canonical spelling. By contrast, however, in a few episodes, the captioning refers to the Advocates by the name of their original host bodies from the pilot episode (i.e. Chambers, Urick, and Einhorn), even in the absence of the original actors.

The second and final season was released on October 26, 2010, nearly five years after the release of the first season.

In Region 2, Revelation Films has released both seasons on DVD in the UK. Season 1 was released on April 30, 2012 and Season 2 was released on August 30, 2012.

On February 6, 2018, CBS Home Entertainment and Paramount Home Media Distribution released seasons 1 and 2 as a single package entitled War of the Worlds: The Complete Series on DVD.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: War of the Worlds (1988 TV series)


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Shrooms (film)

Shrooms is a 2007 psychological horror film written by Pearse Elliot and directed by Paddy Breathnach. The film stars Lindsey Haun, Jack Huston, and Max Kasch. Its plot follows a group of American students and their English guide who are stalked by a serial killer while out in the woods looking for psilocybin mushrooms.

Plot
American student Tara and her college friends visit Ireland to meet with local resident and friend Jake, and go camping in woodlands surrounding a long-disused children's home. While collecting psilocybin mushrooms for later consumption, Tara eats a death bell mushroom (Galerina) and suffers a seizure after which she experiences dream-like trances in which she begins having premonitions of future events.

Around the evening camp fire, with Tara resting in her tent, Jake tells a ghost story of the empty children's home nearby, and of a violent sadistic monk who survived an assault by one of his charges, as revenge for killing his twin brother. Overhearing this causes Tara to have premonitions of the murders of her friends.

After a deathly row with his girlfriend and the others, aggressive jock Bluto drinks some of the hallucinogenic tea (supposedly for all to share in the morning) and experiences a trip which culminates in his murder, seemingly at the hands of the rogue monk from the children's home.

The following morning, unconcerned by Bluto's disappearance – the others consume the mushroom tea, only to become separated from one another in the woods while under its effects. The three women, arguing and squabbling, get lost until they themselves are split, and Holly and Lisa are violently murdered – in accordance with Tara's continuing visions – after an encounter with local woodsmen Ernie and Bernie.

Jake and Troy find Tara on the bank of a river, and tell her to meet them in the abandoned home to summon help. Upon investigating the property, Troy is apparently killed by the monk, and Jake escapes by jumping from a high window, breaking his leg as he lands. Tara finds him and the two flee the haunted scene. Then, while resting his leg, he is murdered.

Tara awakes as a Garda helicopter hovers over the camp, and is dispatched into an ambulance as the sole survivor. As her mobile phone rings, Tara experiences a rapid flashback and realizes that the death bell mushroom caused her to murder all of her friends. She asks the paramedic for help. Everything becomes quiet until it’s revealed that Tara, still under the influence of the death bell, has killed the paramedic. She flees into the woods after escaping.

Production
An Irish, Danish, and British co-production, Shrooms was shot over a period of seven weeks in April and May 2006 in locations including Gosford Park, County Armagh, Northern Ireland and Rossmore Forest Park in County Monaghan, Ireland.

Reception
Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, gave it a rating of 22% based on 18 reviews from critics. Derek Elly of Variety described the film as "A shake-'n'-bake slasher movie that shows just how difficult it is to do effective, modestly budgeted horror". Séamus Leonard wrote in Raidió Teilifís Éireann's review, "The film definitely looks the part, but is hollow in virtually every other department." Leonard said the film may play better to non-Irish audiences, but viewers in Ireland will likely find it unintentionally funny. Writing for The Irish Times, Donald Clarke said the film has "some elegant compositions" but seems assembled from other recent horror films.

title: Shrooms (film)


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Canadian Translators, Terminologists and Interpreters Council

The Canadian Translators, Terminologists and Interpreters Council (CTTIC) (or, in French, the Conseil des traducteurs, terminologues et interprètes du Canada) is a federation of provincial and territorial associations representing translators, terminologists and interpreters (collectively known as "language professionals") in Canada.

Since professional organization is a matter of provincial and territorial jurisdiction in Canada, CTTIC admits only provincial and territorial bodies, called associations, orders, societies or corporations. The council's total membership consists of the eleven member bodies which, in turn, represent their own members. As a result, the CTTIC speaks for about 3,500 language professionals, some 2,500 of whom are certified.

The CTTIC is no longer affiliated with the International Federation of Translators (FIT).

History
The council was originally incorporated in 1956 as the Society of Translators and Interpreters of Canada (STIC), or, in French, the Société des traducteurs et interprètes du Canada (STIC). It changed its name, becoming CTIC (the Canadian Translators and Interpreters Council, or, in French the Conseil des traducteurs et interprètes du Canada) in 1970. The Association of Translators and Interpreters of Ontario (ATIO) and the Ordre des traducteurs, terminologues et interprètes agréés du Québec (OTTIAQ) (known, at that time, as the Société des traducteurs du Québec (STQ)), are the founding members of the council.

On June 11, 2012, OTTIAQ withdrew from CTTIC.

Member Associations
Original members: Since 1972 the following associations have joined:
 * Association of Translators and Interpreters of Ontario
 * Ordre des traducteurs, terminologues et interprètes agréés du Québec (member until June 11, 2012)
 * Association of Translators and Interpreters of Alberta (ATIA)
 * Association of Translators and Interpreters of Manitoba (ATIM)
 * Association of Translators and Interpreters of Nova Scotia (ATINS)
 * Association of Translators and Interpreters of Saskatchewan (ATIS)
 * Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada (AVLIC)
 * Corporation of Translators, Terminologists and Interpreters of New Brunswick (CTINB)
 * Interpreters/Translators Society of the Northwest Territories (ITSNWT)
 * Nunavut Interpreter/Translator Society
 * Society of Interpreters and Translators of Yukon (SITY)
 * Society of Translators and Interpreters of British Columbia (STIBC)


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PFC Levski Sofia

PFC Levski Sofia (ПФК Левски София) is a Bulgarian professional association football club based in Sofia, which competes in the First League, the top division of the Bulgarian football league system. The club was founded on 24 May 1914 by a group of high school students, and is named after Vasil Levski, a Bulgarian revolutionary renowned as the national hero of the country.

Levski has won a total of 74 trophies, including 26 national championships, 26 national cups and 3 supercups, as well as 13 domestic doubles and one treble. It is the only Bulgarian football club to have never been relegated from the top division since the establishment of the league system in 1937. On the international stage, Levski reached the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup twice and the quarter-finals of the Cup Winners' Cup three times. In addition, the club has finished as runners-up of the Balkans Cup twice. In 2006, Levski became the first Bulgarian club to play in the group stage of the UEFA Champions League.

The team's home kit colour is all-blue. Levski's home ground is the Stadion Georgi Asparuhov in Sofia, which has a capacity of 18,000 spectators. The club's fiercest rival is CSKA Sofia, and matches between the two capital sides are commonly referred to as the Eternal derby of Bulgaria. Levski also contests the Oldest capital derby with Slavia Sofia. The club is a regular member of the European Club Association and the European Multisport Club Association.

1914–1969: Sports Club Levski
Sports Club Levski was founded in 1911 by a group of students from the Second Male High School in Sofia. The club's name was chosen in honour of the Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski, and the club was officially registered on 24 May 1914.

In 1914, Levski lost its first official match against FK 13 Sofia with the score of 2–0. Between 1914 and 1920, football wasn't a popular sport in Bulgaria, and no additional information about the club exists. In the summer of 1921, the Sofia Sports League was established, which united ten clubs from Sofia and marked the beginning of organized football competitions in the city. Levski won the first match in the championship in the 1921–22 season, held on 18 September 1921, against Atletik Sofia with the score of 3–1. The team finished first in the league in 1923 after a 3–2 win over bitter rivals Slavia Sofia, and successfully defended the title in the following two seasons, in 1924 and 1925.

The first National Championship was held in 1924 with Levski representing Sofia. The team went on to win the title in 1933, 1937 and 1942, and established itself as the most popular football club in Bulgaria. In 1929, Levski became the first semi-professional football club in Bulgaria, after twelve players staged a boycott of the team in demand of financial remuneration and insurance benefits. The same year Levski met its first international opponents, losing to Gallipoli Istanbul 1–0 and winning against Kuban Istanbul 6–0. Between 1930 and 1932, Levski won the Ulpia Serdica Cup for three consecutive years and was permanently awarded the trophy as a result.

After World War II, Levski became one of the two top clubs in Bulgaria. After winning the championship in 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950 and 1953, Levski would not capture the domestic title again until the mid-1960s. In 1949, the authorities changed the club's name to Dinamo following the Soviet traditions, but after the de-Stalinization of Bulgaria, it was reverted in 1957. The 1960s were marked with return to success both on the domestic and on the international stage. Levski's academy would become the most successful in national youth competitions for the years to come, and the results were first seen in the likes of Georgi Asparuhov, Georgi Sokolov, Biser Mihaylov, Kiril Ivkov, Ivan Vutsov, Stefan Aladzhov and Aleksandar Kostov, assisted by experienced veterans like Stefan Abadzhiev, Dimo Pechenikov and Hristo Iliev, which resulted in winning the championship in 1965, 1968 and 1970, including the 7–2 triumph over new bitter rivals CSKA Sofia in 1968. In the 1965–66 European Cup, Levski was eliminated in the first round by Benfica with 5–4 on aggregate.

1969–1985: Levski-Spartak
In January 1969, Levski was forcibly merged with Spartak Sofia by the Bulgarian Communist Party, and put under the auspice of the Ministry of Interior Affairs. The name of the club was once again changed, this time to Levski-Spartak.

A new crop of youngsters in the likes of Kiril Milanov, Dobromir Zhechev, Pavel Panov, Stefan Pavlov, Yordan Yordanov, Stefan Staykov, Tomas Lafchis, Todor Barzov, Voyn Voynov, Georgi Tsvetkov, Plamen Nikolov, and Rusi Gochev not only found their place in the first team, but brought new league titles in 1974, 1977, 1979, 1984 and 1985. On the international stage, the team reached the quarter-finals of the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1969–70 and 1976–77, and the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup in 1975–76. In the latter, Levski defeated Barcelona 5–4 in the second leg, becoming one of the two European teams (joined by Bayern Munich in 2020) to have scored five or more goals in one match against the Spanish giants in official UEFA competitions. Additionally, Levski became the only Bulgarian club to eliminate a German champion after defeating VfB Stuttgart in the first round of the 1984–85 European Cup. They also eliminated Stuttgart a year earlier in the first round of the 1983–84 UEFA Cup.

1985–1989: Vitosha Sofia
The name of the team was changed to Vitosha by the authorities following the disruptions during and after the Bulgarian Cup final in 1985. The game ran on high emotions fuelled by the streak of consecutive victories of Levski over CSKA in the two years prior to the game. During the game, which CSKA won 2–1, there were confrontations both on the field and on the stands. By decree of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party, some of the leading players of both clubs were suspended from the sport for life. The championship title of the club for 1985 was suspended. However, the suspensions were lifted shortly after. Levski won another cup and league titles in 1986 and 1988, respectively. The fourth European quarter-final came in 1986–87, when Levski knocked out the 1985–86 Danish Cup winners Boldklubben 1903 and the 1985–86 Yugoslav Cup holders Velež Mostar, before losing to the 1985–86 Copa del Rey winners Real Zaragoza.

1989–2009: Return of Levski Sofia and the Blue Tale
After the 1989–90 season, the club regained its original name. The team was made up of players such as Plamen Nikolov, Petar Hubchev, Tsanko Tsvetanov, Emil Kremenliev, Zlatko Yankov, Georgi Slavchev, Ilian Iliev, Daniel Borimirov, Stanimir Stoilov, Velko Yotov, Plamen Getov, Nikolay Todorov and Nasko Sirakov, and won three consecutive domestic national championships in 1993, 1994 and 1995. Levski have contributed seven players, more than any other Bulgarian club, to the national team that finished fourth at the 1994 FIFA World Cup.

In 2005–06, Levski reached the quarter-finals of the 2005–06 UEFA Cup after knocking out the 2004–05 Coupe de France winners Auxerre in the first round, finishing above SC Heerenveen, Dinamo București and the reigning title holders CSKA Moscow in the group stage, triumphing over Champions League participants Artmedia Bratislava and Udinese in the knockout stages, before being eliminated by Schalke 04.

Levski, as the champions of Bulgaria, started their 2006–07 UEFA Champions League participation in the second qualifying round, where they eliminated Georgian champions Sioni Bolnisi, defeating them 2–0 both home and away. In the third round, Levski faced the Italian team Chievo Verona, which took part in the tournament because of other clubs' sanctions as part of the 2006 Serie A matchfixing scandal. Levski eliminated Chievo after a decisive 2–0 win in Sofia and a 2–2 draw in Verona, and thus became the first Bulgarian club to ever reach the group stage of the UEFA Champions League. There, they faced the title holders Barcelona, Premier League champions Chelsea, and Bundesliga runners-up Werder Bremen. They lost all six games and scored only one goal, in the second round against Chelsea.

Levski's UEFA Cup run and the consequent participation in the Champions League group stage were considered the club's greatest European successes in the 21st century, hence the period of their occurrence (2005–2007) was informally called the Blue Tale.

Levski earned a place in the 2008–09 UEFA Champions League after the Bulgarian league champions CSKA Sofia failed to obtain a UEFA license. Levski lost to BATE Borisov of Belarus in the third qualifying round.

2009–2020: Downfall
During the 2009–10 season, Levski's team started their European campaign with a 9–0 (on aggregate) win against UE Sant Julià in the second qualifying round of the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League. In the next round, Levski Sofia faced FK Baku, eliminating the team from Azerbaijan with 2–0 on aggregate. In the play-off round, Levski was eliminated by Debrecen with 4–1 on aggregate. As one of the play-off losers, Levski qualified for the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League. In the group stage, Levski faced Villarreal, Lazio and Red Bull Salzburg. Levski achieved only one win and five defeats. Levski won against Lazio in Italy, after Hristo Yovov scored the winning goal in the match.

Levski started the 2010–11 season with a match against Dundalk, in a second qualifying round of the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League. Levski won the first match 6–0. In the return leg at Oriel Park, Levski defeated Dundalk 2–0 with two first half goals from Garra Dembélé. In the next round Levski played against Kalmar FF. The first match ended 1–1 in Sweden. In the return leg in Sofia, Levski won 5–2. In between, The Blues defeated their archrival CSKA Sofia in the Eternal derby with 1–0. Their next match in the Europa League saw them eliminate Swedish champions AIK 2–1 on aggregate, with goals scored by Daniel Mladenov and Garra Dembélé as Levski reached the Europa League group stage. Levski was drawn in Group C, facing Gent, Lille and Sporting CP. The first match was played against Gent at home, which Levski won 3–2 with the winning goal scored by Serginho Greene. With this win, Levski recorded eight consecutive games without a defeat in European competitions. After that, Levski lost to Sporting CP with 5–0, followed by another defeat against Lille. In Sofia, Levski played well against Lille and was leading 2–1 until Ivo Ivanov scored an own goal to make it 2–2. In the last match of the Group C, Levski took a win against Sporting CP with 1–0, with the winning goal scored by Daniel Mladenov.

In the following 2011–12 season, in the third qualifying round of the Europa League, Levski were eliminated by Spartak Trnava of Slovakia, following a late game 2–1 win in Sofia, and a loss of the same scoreline in Trnava. The penalty shoot-out costed Levski a place in the play-off round. This caused an upset with the fans and players, and the team barely clinched the fourth place at the winter break in the Bulgarian league. Albeit only three points from the leaders Ludogoretz Razgrad, the acting manager Georgi Ivanov was sacked from the position, but remained at the club as a sporting director. Nikolay Kostov was appointed the new manager of the club, giving the supporters a sense of optimism, which, however, faded after a cup knock-out in the hands of Lokomotiv Plovdiv and a home defeat to Minyor Pernik. Kostov handed in his resignation, leaving the managerial post once again vacant. Sporting director Georgi Ivanov once again stepped in to help the club, and accepted being the manager until the summer break, when a new one would be appointed. During the summer of 2012, former player Ilian Iliev was appointed the new manager of the club. Under his management, Levski was knocked out from the Europa League by Bosnian side FK Sarajevo. Iliev led the team to 13 league victories and to the semi-finals of the Bulgarian Cup after eliminating Cherno More Varna and Litex Lovech on the away goals rule. Iliev however was sacked after a 1–1 away draw against Pirin Gotse Delchev. Assistant manager Nikolay Mitov took over the team until the end of the season. Under his management Levski won the derby clashes against Litex, CSKA and Ludogorets but failed to win the title after a 1–1 home draw against Slavia Sofia. Levski also reached their first Bulgarian Cup final since 2007, but lost on penalties against Beroe Stara Zagora. Despite the missed opportunity of winning a trophy, Mitov's contract was renewed for the 2013–14 season. However, the team made another disappointing performance in Europa League, being eliminated by the Kazakh side Irtysh Pavlodar. As a result, Nikolay Mitov resigned as manager.

In July 2013, Slaviša Jokanović was appointed as the new manager of the team. Despite losing only two matches in twelve games, Jokanović was released in October 2013. Ivaylo Petev was announced as his successor but during his introduction a few Levski supporters interrupted it, stating that they would not accept his appointment. The next day, Petev refused to take charge of the team and Antoni Zdravkov was named as the new manager. Under his reign the team suffered a heavy 3–0 loss against rivals CSKA, but managed to knock them out in the Bulgarian Cup in December 2013 after penalties. Due to the difficult financial situation, a few key players, such as Antonio Vutov and Garry Rodrigues, were sold to Udinese and Elche, respectively, during the winter break. This reflected on the team's performance and Levski finished fifth and got knocked out in the quarter-finals of the Bulgarian Cup by Botev Plovdiv. Antoni Zdravkov was sacked in March 2014, and Levski legend Elin Topuzakov took charge as a caretaker until the end of the 2013–14 season. The club did not participate in European competitions for the first time since 1990–91.

On 23 May 2014, the club supporters organized a friendly game against Lazio, marking the 100th anniversary of the club. Club icons like Georgi Ivanov, Dimitar Ivankov, Aleksandar Aleksandrov, Hristo Yovov, Elin Topuzakov and many other former players and celebrities took participation by playing in the game, as well as donating money for the event's organization. The next day, Levski marked 100 years since its founding.

The following years were arguably the darkest in the club's history. League-wise, Levski managed to finish higher than third place only once (runners-up in 2015–16), and achieved its lowest ever ranking (seventh place in 2014–15, followed by eighth in 2020–21). On the stage of the Bulgarian Cup, the club lost two more finals, in 2015 to Cherno More and in 2018 to Slavia Sofia. In European competitions, Levski faced some of its most embarrassing eliminations – against Liechtenstein side FC Vaduz and Cypriot AEK Larnaca, the latter inflicting the largest ever European defeat on aggregate for Levski (0–7).

These years were turbulent not only on the football pitch, but at the higher hierarchy of the club. In June 2015, the long-time president Todor Batkov stepped down and the club was taken over by Ivo Tonev, Aleksandar Angelov and Nikolay Ivanov. From this point onwards, Levski began to experience financial problems. Tonev, Angelov and Ivanov's reign was short-lived and in August 2016, they transferred their shares to businessman Spas Rusev. Under his governance, Levski signed players like Gabriel Obertan and Jordi Gómez, as well as coach Delio Rossi, in an attempt to return the club's glory. However, Rusev's financing was dubious, and there were complaints for delayed wages. In February 2017, Rusev admitted the club was "practically bankrupt". On 9 February 2019, Rusev stepped down as owner of Levski, leaving the club with more than 30 million BGN in debt. Four days later, businessman and former owner of archrivals CSKA Vasil Bozhkov took over the club. He attempted to stabilize Levski's financial situation by immediately covering the most urgent obligations and selling or releasing the players with the highest wages, investing around 25 million BGN in total throughout his tenure. In February 2020, Bozhkov stepped down as his main business, 7777.bg (National Lottery), had its license withdrawn by the Bulgarian government. The club being left with no financing whatsoever and in a full-scale financial crisis, sparkled an unprecedented support campaign amongst the fans, who engaged in various donation initiatives, raising 2.6 million BGN in the span of five months.

In 2021, former owner Vasil Bozhkov admitted that he was forced to take over Levski under the threat of business closure by prime minister Boyko Borisov. Bozhkov's confession was somewhat of a confirmation of the insinuation that the reason behind Levski's financial problems and occasional ownership changes was Borisov's idea of using the club as an instrument for political influence.

2020–present: Return of Sirakov and Stoilov
In the summer of 2020, club legend Nasko Sirakov took charge of the majority of shares and the club made some financial cuts, forcing a big part of the players (mainly foreigners) to leave. Levski also changed its transfer policy, signing mainly Bulgarian and homegrown players with lower salaries, allowing the club to start paying off some of the debt accumulated throughout the years. Sirakov set a target for the club to clear most of the debt by 2023, mostly through sponsorship deals, outgoing transfers, television rights and the fans' financial support.

On 1 September 2021, Sirakov announced the return of the club's most successful manager in the 21st century, also known as the "author" of the Blue Tale, Stanimir Stoilov. At that time, Levski was in 10th place in the league standings with 4 defeats and 2 wins in the first 6 games. With his arrival, Stoilov released three players – Simeon Slavchev, Valeri Bojinov and Hristofor Hubchev, and signed José Córdoba from Etar and Dimitar Kostadinov from Septemvri Sofia. Under his management, the team managed to improve promptly, earning 20 points by the end of the half-season with 5 wins, 5 draws, and 3 defeats.

On 15 May 2022, Levski won the Bulgarian Cup by defeating its biggest rivals CSKA 1–0 in the final, thus ending the club's longest ever trophyless period (13 years). It was a record 26th cup for the Blues. By winning the cup, the team earned a place in the UEFA Europa Conference League qualifications. In the second qualifying round, they faced PAOK, who reached the quarter-finals of the same competition the previous season. Despite being considered underdogs, Levski managed to eliminate the Greek team 3–1 on aggregate. However, Levski crashed out of the tournament in the third qualifying round after an upsetting home defeat on penalties at the hands of Maltese side Ħamrun Spartans.

Names and crests
The first club crest was designed by Mircho Kachulev in 1922. Initially in the size of a square with a blue background, it was intentionally written in a stylized letter "Л" (Bulgarian letter "L"; shortened for Levski). The inner space of the letter was filled vertically equally in yellow and red colours. In a later period of time, the Cyrillic letters "С" (Sport) and "К" (club) were added at the top of the square, while the bottom side was inscribed with the name "Sofia". This badge was used by the club until 1949, when it was renamed to Dinamo.

From 1949 to 1956, the emblem of the club was an irregular hexagon filled with vertical red, white, blue and yellow colours, with an inscribed handwritten Cyrillic letter "Д", alongside a five-pointed red star above it and the word "Sofia" underneath. From 1957 to 1968 the original logo of the club was restored, however the letters C" and "К" were replaced with "Ф" (Athletic) and "Д" (union).

After the merger with Spartak Sofia in 1969, the club crest has been a shield in blue and white with a horizontal red bar above. The shield spawned the letters "Л" and "C", an abbreviation of the new name Levski-Spartak. The football club used this crest until 1985, when it was renamed Vitosha. Vitosha's crest was in the form of a stylized letter "C" surrounding the football in the upper curve of the letter, coloured in blue and white.

In January 1990, the club restored its original name and original logo, and the letters "C" and "K" in the upper corner of the blue square were replaced with the initials "Ф" (football) and "K" (club). However, due to legal issues with the ownership of the rights to the historic crest, the club was forced to change it in 1998, when a brand new shield logo was introduced, entirely in blue. At its centre, an inscription of the letter "Л" was introduced, alongside the year of establishment – 1914. The dome of the shield was labelled "PFC Levski".

After winning the legal dispute for the rights to the historic emblem in 2006, the club decided to use the two different crests simultaneously for a brief period of time. Later that year, the shield crest was replaced by the classic square emblem.

The Cyrillic letter Л (L) is used today as the club's kit crest and on its social media channels.

Club anthem
The first anthem of Levski was written by renowned Bulgarian poet Dimcho Debelyanov and composed by Lyubomir Pipkov. Since 1999, the club anthem is "Само Левски шампион" (Only Levski, the champion), composed by Stefan Dimitrov.

Stadium

Initially, the club did not possess a field of its own and training was held on an empty space called The Hillock (Могилката/Mogilkata), where the National Palace of Culture was built later. In 1924, the Sofia Municipality provided the club with the rights to an empty field on what were then the outskirts of the city, and a decade later the stadium named Levski Field was finally completed. It provided for 10,000 spectators and was regarded as the finest sport facility in the city.

In 1949, the stadium was nationalized and later the Vasil Levski National Stadium was built on the site. The team played in various locations (including the nearby Yunak Stadium) before moving to the Dinamo ground, which was located at the site of the modern Spartak swimming complex. In 1961, after districting, the team moved to Suhata Reka neighborhood, where a new stadium was built by 1963, which was later renamed in 1990 in honour of former Levski player Georgi Asparuhov.

In 1999, the stadium underwent extensive reconstruction with a capacity of 29,000 spectators. The field measures 105 x 68 metres. However, the team plays most of its important international matches on the national stadium Vasil Levski. On one occasion, the former club president Todor Batkov had demanded that Levski should receive Stadion Rakovski on loan. The demand was on grounds that the first club stadium was nationalized and Levski had never been repaid.

In October 2012, it was announced that Levski would be renovating their stadium. The first phase of the planned reconstruction was to be completed in 2014, on the centennial of the club's foundation. As of 2013, the capacity was reduced to 19,000 due to the undergoing reconstruction of the main stand. On 5 July 2013, the first step was made in the construction of the main stand, which has a capacity of 6,000 spectators and meets all the requirements of UEFA for the convenience of fans. The stadium's main stand was officially opened on 23 April 2016 at a special ceremony. Since 2019, the Museum of Glory of Levski Sofia is also located at the stadium.

Supporters

Historically, Levski Sofia fans gathered in the south stand of the stadium. This tradition is believed to have its roots in the Sofia Derby when Levski fans met before the games at the area close to the south end of the Vasil Levski National Stadium. Due to the orientation of the stadium and the naming conventions of stands at most Bulgarian stadiums, Sector B became synonymous with Levski fans. More recently the fans in Sector B are seen as part of the ultras movement popular in the Balkans. Today Sector B initiates most of the songs, choreography and pyrotechnic displays at Levski games. Levski supporters are organized by fanclubs, most notably the National Supporters Club which helps and coordinates fans from all around Bulgaria and supports the organization of events. There are also notable groups from Sofia (Sofia-West, South Division, Blue Junta, HD Boys, LSL and more) and other cities across Bulgaria and globally (such as Ultra Varna, Blue Huns Pernik, OCB Veliko Tarnovo, Torcida Kyustendil, Ultras Vidin, Iron Pazardzhik, Youth Brigade 034 Pazardzik, Blue Boys Blagoevgrad, Blue Lads Sliven, Vandals Pleven, Levski Club Dobrich, Ultras Radomir, Ultras Burgas, Levski 1914 Karlovo, Yambol Boys, Levski UK, Levski Chicago and more). Ultras Levski have a long-standing friendship with Lazio fans. According to a study performed for UEFA, Levski is the most popular Bulgarian club and share the sixth position in Europe with Juventus, by percentage of support in its own country (31%).

First team
For recent transfers, see Bulgarian transfers summer 2024.

Foreign players
Up to twenty foreign nationals can be registered and given a squad number for the first team in the Bulgarian First League, however only five non-EU/EEA nationals can be used during a match day. Those non-EU/EEA nationals with European ancestry can claim citizenship from the nation their ancestors came from. If players are not of European origin, they can claim Bulgarian citizenship after five years of playing in Bulgaria.

Note: For a complete list of Levski Sofia players, see Category:PFC Levski Sofia players.

Honours

 * {{legend|gold|Record}}
 * Shared record

European record
As of 31 August 2023.

League positions

 * Key
 * G = Games played
 * W = Games won
 * D = Games drawn
 * L = Games lost
 * GS = Goals scored
 * GA = Goals against
 * P = Points

First team
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" !colspan="2"|Technical staff
 * align=left|Head coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Stanislav Genchev
 * rowspan="2" align=left|Assistant coaches
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Zhivko Milanov
 * align=left|🇲🇰 Darko Tasevski
 * align=left|Goalkeeper coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Yordan Gospodinov
 * align=left|Fitness coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Petar Peev
 * align=left|Goalkeeper coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Yordan Gospodinov
 * align=left|Fitness coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Petar Peev
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Petar Peev

Academy
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" !colspan="2"|Technical staff
 * align=left|Under-19 coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Hristo Arangelov
 * align=left|Under-17 coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Stoyan Dimov
 * align=left|Under-16 coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Dimitar Andonov
 * align=left|Under-15 coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Milen Gadzhev
 * align=left|Under-14 coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Georgi Korudzhiev
 * align=left|Under-13 coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Iliyan Ivanov
 * align=left|Under-14 coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Georgi Korudzhiev
 * align=left|Under-13 coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Iliyan Ivanov
 * align=left|Under-13 coach
 * align=left|🇧🇬 Iliyan Ivanov

Youth academy
Levski's youth academy has developed some of the most successful Bulgarian footballers. Notable academy graduates are Georgi Asparuhov, Nasko Sirakov, Bozhidar Iskrenov, Bozhin Laskov, Georgi Sokolov, Asen Peshev, Borislav Mihaylov, Emil Spasov, Nikolay Iliev, Hristo Yovov, Dimitar Ivankov, Hristo Iliev, Aleksandar Kostov, Tsvetan Veselinov and many others. At the 1994 FIFA World Cup, in which Bulgaria reached the semi-finals, the Bulgarian team included four players who went through Levski's youth academy, making it the most represented club in the Bulgarian squad. In 2020, Levski was included in the CIES Football Observatory annual rankings, which ranks the clubs that trained the most players active in 31 top divisions of UEFA member associations. In these countries there were 33 footballers from Levski's youth academy, and Levski was ranked 35th in Europe.

Club coefficients
This is the current 2023–24 UEFA coefficient:
 * Full list

Club world ranking
These are the IFFHS club's points as of 31 January 2024:
 * Full list

Club records
As of 2024

vs 🇪🇸 Barcelona (12 September 2006) — UEFA Champions League, group stage, 2006–07 vs Sporting CP (30 September 2010) — UEFA Europa League, group stage, 2010–11
 * Biggest league win: 10–0 vs Chernomorets Burgas Sofia (3 March 2007) — 2006–07
 * Biggest league defeat: 1–6 vs Botev Plovdiv (7 July 1962) — 1961–62
 * Biggest cup win: 12–1 vs Knyaz Kiril Sofia — 1940
 * Biggest cup defeat: 0–5 vs Spartak Plovdiv — 1961–62
 * Biggest European competition win: 12–2 vs 🇫🇮 Reipas Lahti (16 September 1976) — UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, first round first leg, 1976–77
 * Biggest European competition defeat: 0–5 vs AZ Alkmaar (4 November 1980) — UEFA Cup, second round second leg, 1980–81
 * Most consecutive league games unbeaten at home: 203 — from 1966 to 1985
 * Most consecutive league games unbeaten: 27 — from 10 September 1948 to 13 May 1950
 * Most consecutive league games won: 14 — from 3 April 2004 to 19 September 2004
 * Most league points in a season:
 * 3 for win: 79 — 1994–95
 * 2 for win: 50 — 1969–70, 1971–72

 * Most league goals in a season: 96 — 2006–07
 * Record league home attendance: 60,000 vs Pirin Blagoevgrad (16 September 1973) — 1973–74
 * Record European competition home attendance: 55,000 vs 🇪🇸 Barcelona (17 March 1976) — UEFA Cup, quarter-finals second leg, 1975–76
 * Record incoming transfer: 🇧🇬 Georgi Chilikov from Naftex Burgas for €1,500,000
 * Record outgoing transfer: 🇧🇬 Georgi Ivanov to 🇫🇷 Rennes for €4,100,000

Player records
As of 22 May 2024.

Managerial history

 * 🇧🇬 Boris Vasilev (1921–23)
 * Mihail Borisov (1923–24)
 * 🇧🇬 Boris Vasilev (1924–27)
 * 🇧🇬 Ivan Kachev (1927–32)
 * 🇧🇬 Tsvetan Genev (1932–33)
 * 🇧🇬 Ivan Radoev (1933)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Karaivanov (1934)
 * 🇦🇹 Rudolf Löwenfeld (1934–35)
 * 🇧🇬 Ivan Radoev (1936)
 * 🇧🇬 Kiril Yovovich (1936–37)
 * 🇧🇬 Ivan Radoev (1937–38)
 * 🇧🇬 Dimitar Mutafchiev (1938–39)
 * 🇧🇬 Asen Panchev (1939–40)
 * Miloš Strużka (1940–41)
 * 🇧🇬 Asen Panchev (1941–44)
 * 🇧🇬 Ivan Radoev (1944–48)
 * 🇭🇺 Rezső Somlai (1948–49)
 * 🇧🇬 Ivan Radoev (1950–51)
 * 🇧🇬 Liubomir Petrov (1952)
 * 🇧🇬 Dimitar Mutafchiev (1953)
 * 🇧🇬 Vasil Spasov (1954–56)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Pachedzhiev (1956–60)
 * 🇧🇬 Kotse Georgiev (1960–61)
 * 🇧🇬 Krastio Chakarov (1961–64)
 * 🇧🇬 Hristo Mladenov (1964–65)
 * 🇨🇿 Rudolf Vytlačil (1965–66)
 * 🇧🇬 Krastyo Chakarov (1966–69)
 * 🇧🇬 Vasil Spasov (1969)
 * 🇨🇿 Rudolf Vytlačil (1969–70)
 * 🇧🇬 Yoncho Arsov (1971–73)
 * 🇧🇬 Dimitar Doychinov (1973–75)
 * 🇧🇬 Ivan Vutsov (1975–76)
 * 🇧🇬 Vasil Spasov (1976–77)
 * 🇧🇬 Ivan Vutsov (1977–80)
 * 🇧🇬 Hristo Mladenov (1980–82)
 * 🇧🇬 Dobromir Zhechev (1982–83)
 * 🇧🇬 Vasil Metodiev (1983–85)
 * 🇧🇬 Kiril Ivkov (1985–87)
 * 🇧🇬 Pavel Panov (1986–87)
 * 🇧🇬 Vasil Metodiev (1988–89)
 * 🇧🇬 Dobromir Zhechev (1989)
 * 🇧🇬 Pavel Panov (1989–90)
 * 🇧🇬 Vasil Metodiev (1991)
 * 🇧🇬 Dinko Dermendzhiev (1991)
 * 🇧🇬 Ivan Vutov (1992–93)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Vasilev (1993–95)
 * 🇧🇬 Ivan Kyuchukov (1995–96)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Tsvetkov (1996–97)
 * 🇧🇬 Stefan Grozdanov (1997)
 * 🇧🇬 Mihail Valchev (1998)
 * 🇺🇦 Vyacheslav Hrozny (1998)
 * 🇧🇬 Angel Stankov (1999)
 * 🇷🇸 Ljupko Petrović (1999–00)
 * 🇧🇬 Dimitar Dimitrov (2000)
 * 🇷🇺 Vladimir Fedotov (2000)
 * 🇷🇸 Ljupko Petrović (2000–01)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Todorov (2001)
 * 🇩🇪 Rüdiger Abramczik (2002)
 * 🇷🇸 Slavoljub Muslin (2002–03)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Todorov (2003)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Vasilev (2003–04)
 * 🇧🇬 Stanimir Stoilov (1 June 2004 – 6 May 2008)
 * 🇧🇬 Velislav Vutsov (2008)
 * 🇧🇬 Emil Velev (16 August 2008 – 23 July 2009)
 * 🇷🇸 Ratko Dostanić (23 July 2009 – 19 October 2009)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Ivanov (19 October 2009 – 30 June 2010)
 * 🇧🇬 Antoni Zdravkov (2009–10)
 * 🇧🇬 Yasen Petrov (1 July 2010 – 28 May 2011)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Ivanov (1 June 2011 – 3 November 2011)
 * 🇧🇬 Antoni Zdravkov (2011)
 * 🇧🇬 Nikolay Kostov (3 November 2011 – 27 March 2012)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Ivanov (interim) (27 March 2012 – 8 April 2012)
 * 🇧🇬 Yasen Petrov (7 April 2012 – 30 May 2012)
 * 🇧🇬 Ilian Iliev (1 July 2012 – April 2013)
 * 🇧🇬 Nikolay Mitov (12 April 2013 – 12 July 2013)
 * 🇷🇸 Slaviša Jokanović (15 July 2013 – October 2013)
 * 🇧🇬 Ivaylo Petev (8 October 2013 – 9 October 2013)
 * 🇧🇬 Antoni Zdravkov (10 October 2013 – 19 March 2014)
 * 🇧🇬 Elin Topuzakov (20 March 2014 – June 2014)
 * 🇪🇸 José Murcia (June 2014 – 4 August 2014)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Ivanov (4 August 2014 – 22 December 2014)
 * 🇧🇬 Stoycho Stoev (22 December 2014 – 15 May 2016)
 * 🇷🇸 Ljupko Petrović (16 May 2016 – 22 October 2016)
 * 🇧🇬 Elin Topuzakov (22 October 2016 – 2 March 2017)
 * 🇧🇬 Nikolay Mitov (2 March 2017 – 4 August 2017)
 * 🇮🇹 Delio Rossi (4 August 2017 – 25 July 2018)
 * 🇧🇬 Todor Simov (interim) (25 July 2018 – 31 July 2018)
 * 🇸🇮 Slaviša Stojanovič (31 July 2018 – 21 January 2019)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Dermendzhiev (21 January 2019 – 29 April 2019)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Todorov (interim) (29 April 2019 – 30 May 2019)
 * 🇧🇬 Petar Hubchev (30 May 2019 – 11 June 2020)
 * 🇧🇬 Georgi Todorov (11 June 2020 – 24 October 2020)
 * 🇧🇬 Zhivko Milanov (interim) (24 October 2020 – 9 November 2020)
 * 🇸🇮 Slaviša Stojanovič (10 November 2020 – 23 May 2021)
 * 🇧🇬 Zhivko Milanov (2021)
 * 🇧🇬 Todor Simov (interim) (2021)
 * 🇧🇬 Stanimir Stoilov (2 September 2021 – 8 April 2023)
 * 🇧🇬 Elin Topuzakov (interim) (10 April 2023 – 13 June 2023)
 * 🇧🇬 Nikolay Kostov (13 June 2023 – 28 May 2024)
 * 🇧🇬 Stanislav Genchev (28 May 2024 – present)

Bulgarian players
Players with at least one appearance for the Bulgaria national team.

 * Kiril Yovovich
 * Konstantin Maznikov
 * Geno Mateev
 * Tsvetan Genev
 * Dimitar Mutafchiev
 * Nikola Mutafchiev
 * Ivan Radoev
 * Aleksandar Hristov
 * Mihail Lozanov
 * Asen Panchev
 * Asen Peshev
 * Bozhin Laskov
 * Amedeo Kleva
 * Vasil Spasov
 * Georgi Pachedzhiev
 * Yordan Tomov
 * Lyubomir Hranov
 * Apostol Sokolov
 * Stefan Abadzhiev
 * Yoncho Arsov
 * Hristo Iliev
 * Boris Apostolov
 * Dimitar Yordanov
 * Aleksandar Kostov
 * Georgi Sokolov
 * Stefan Aladzhov
 * Georgi Asparuhov
 * Tsvetan Veselinov
 * Ivan Vutsov
 * Georgi Kamenski
 * Yanko Kirilov
 * Nikola Kotkov
 * Biser Mihaylov
 * Mihail Gyonin
 * Todor Barzov
 * Krasimir Borisov
 * Voyn Voynov
 * Milko Gaydarski
 * Georgi Tsvetkov
 * Dobromir Zhechev
 * Kiril Ivkov
 * Kiril Milanov
 * Vasil Mitkov
 * Pavel Panov
 * Emil Spasov
 * Stefan Staykov
 * Ivan Stoyanov
 * Emil Velev
 * Mihail Valchev
 * Rusi Gochev
 * Nikolay Iliev
 * Bozhidar Iskrenov
 * Krasimir Koev
 * Petar Kurdov
 * Borislav Mihaylov
 * Plamen Nikolov
 * Petar Petrov
 * Nasko Sirakov
 * Georgi Slavchev
 * Georgi Yordanov
 * Plamen Getov
 * Georgi Donkov
 * Velko Yotov
 * Aleksandar Aleksandrov
 * Daniel Borimirov
 * Ilian Iliev
 * Emil Kremenliev
 * Zdravko Zdravkov
 * Plamen Nikolov
 * Petar Mihtarski
 * Petar Aleksandrov
 * Tsanko Tsvetanov
 * Zlatko Yankov
 * Petar Hubchev
 * Georgi Ivanov
 * Nikolay Todorov
 * Marian Hristov
 * Stanimir Stoilov
 * Predrag Pažin
 * Elin Topuzakov
 * Dimitar Telkiyski
 * Hristo Yovov
 * Lúcio Wagner
 * Igor Tomašić
 * Georgi Ivanov
 * Emil Angelov
 * Stanislav Angelov
 * Nikolay Dimitrov
 * Vladimir Gadzhev
 * Valeri Domovchiyski
 * Dimitar Ivankov
 * Milan Koprivarov
 * Zhivko Milanov
 * Nikolay Mihaylov
 * Mariyan Ognyanov
 * Georgi Petkov
 * Ilian Stoyanov
 * Georgi Markov
 * Ivan Tsvetkov
 * Georgi Chilikov
 * Zahari Sirakov
 * Plamen Iliev
 * Veselin Minev
 * Stanislav Kostov
 * Valeri Bojinov

Foreign players
''Foreign players with at least 30 games for the club or that were internationally capped. Players who were internationally capped for their country are listed in bold.''

Europe
 * 🇧🇦 Dalibor Dragić
 * 🇨🇿 David Jablonský
 * 🇫🇷 Cédric Bardon
 * 🇫🇷 Gabriel Obertan
 * 🇭🇺 Péter Kabát
 * 🇮🇸 Hólmar Örn Eyjólfsson
 * 🇲🇪 Milan Mijatović
 * 🇳🇱 Serginho Greene
 * 🇳🇱 Nigel Robertha
 * 🇲🇰 Darko Tasevski
 * 🇲🇰 Gjoko Zajkov
 * 🇵🇹 Cristóvão Ramos
 * 🇵🇹 João Silva
 * 🇵🇹 Nuno Reis
 * 🇷🇴 Sergiu Buș
 * 🇷🇺 Konstantin Golovskoy
 * 🏴 John Inglis
 * 🇷🇸 Miloš Cvetković
 * 🇷🇸 Bojan Jorgačević

North and Central America South America
 * Miodrag Pantelić
 * Saša Simonović
 * 🇸🇰 Roman Procházka
 * 🇸🇮 Rene Mihelič
 * 🇪🇸 Añete
 * 🇪🇸 Jordi Gómez
 * 🇪🇸 Miguel Bedoya
 * 🇸🇪 Simon Sandberg
 * 🇨🇭 Davide Mariani
 * 🇨🇼 Dustley Mulder
 * 🇵🇦 José Córdoba
 * 🇧🇷 Zé Soares
 * 🇧🇷 Joãozinho
 * 🇧🇷 Paulinho
 * 🇧🇷 Welton Felipe
 * 🇵🇪 Jean Deza

Africa
 * 🇧🇯 Cédric Hountondji
 * 🇨🇻 Garry Rodrigues
 * 🇬🇲 Noah Sonko Sundberg
 * 🇬🇼 Basile de Carvalho
 * Serge Yoffou
 * 🇲🇱 Garra Dembélé
 * 🇲🇦 Chakib Benzoukane
 * 🇲🇦 Mehdi Bourabia
 * 🇲🇦 Youssef Rabeh
 * 🇳🇬 Garba Lawal
 * 🇳🇬 Omonigho Temile
 * 🇳🇬 Justice Christopher
 * 🇳🇬 Richard Eromoigbe
 * 🇳🇬 Ekundayo Jayeoba
 * 🇳🇬 Tunde Adeniji
 * 🇸🇳 Khaly Thiam
 * 🇿🇦 Ricardo Nunes

Bulgarian Footballer of the Year

 * 1931 – 🇧🇬 Asen Peshev
 * 1942 – 🇧🇬 Lyuben Stamboliev
 * 1948 – 🇧🇬 Vasil Spasov
 * 1965 – 🇧🇬 Georgi Asparuhov
 * 1970 – 🇧🇬 Stefan Aladzhov
 * 1974 – 🇧🇬 Kiril Ivkov
 * 1975 – 🇧🇬 Kiril Ivkov
 * 1977 – 🇧🇬 Pavel Panov
 * 1984 – 🇧🇬 Plamen Nikolov
 * 1986 – 🇧🇬 Borislav Mihaylov
 * 1987 – 🇧🇬 Nikolay Iliev
 * 1999 – 🇧🇬 Aleksandar Aleksandrov
 * 2000 – 🇧🇬 Georgi Ivanov
 * 2001 – 🇧🇬 Georgi Ivanov

First division top goalscorers

 * 1940 – 🇧🇬 Yanko Stoyanov (14 goals)
 * 1950 – 🇧🇬 Lubomir Hranov (11 goals)
 * 1957 – 🇧🇬 Hristo Iliev (14 goals)
 * 1960 – 🇧🇬 Dimitar Yordanov (12 goals)
 * 1965 – 🇧🇬 Georgi Asparuhov (27 goals)
 * 1974 – 🇧🇬 Kiril Milanov (19 goals)
 * 1976 – 🇧🇬 Pavel Panov (18 goals)
 * 1977 – 🇧🇬 Pavel Panov (20 goals)
 * 1979 – 🇧🇬 Rusi Gochev (19 goals)
 * 1982 – 🇧🇬 Mihail Valchev (24 goals)
 * 1984 – 🇧🇬 Emil Spasov (19 goals)
 * 1987 – 🇧🇬 Nasko Sirakov (36 goals)
 * 1988 – 🇧🇬 Nasko Sirakov (28 goals)
 * 1992 – 🇧🇬 Nasko Sirakov (26 goals)
 * 1993 – 🇧🇬 Plamen Getov (26 goals)
 * 1994 – 🇧🇬 Nasko Sirakov (30 goals)
 * 2001 – 🇧🇬 Georgi Ivanov (21 goals)
 * 2003 – 🇧🇬 Georgi Chilikov (22 goals)
 * 2011 – 🇲🇱 Garra Dembele (26 goals)
 * 2013 – 🇬🇼 Basile de Carvalho (19 goals)
 * 2015 – 🇪🇸 Añete (14 goals)
 * 2019 – 🇧🇬 Stanislav Kostov (24 goals)

title: PFC Levski Sofia


text:
International Federation of Translators

The Fédération Internationale des Traducteurs (English: International Federation of Translators) is an international federation of associations of translators, interpreters and terminologists working in areas as diverse as literary, scientific and technical, public service, court and legal settings, conference interpreting, media and diplomatic fields and academia.

FIT supports members and the profession at an international level, building community, visibility and a sustainable future for the profession. With more than 100 professional associations affiliated, FIT represents over 80,000 translators in 65 countries. The goal of the Federation is to promote professionalism in the disciplines which it represents. The organisation aims to improve conditions for the profession in all countries and to uphold translators' rights and freedom of expression.

FIT has consultative status with UNESCO, The United Nations and has close relationships with other UN organs such as the World Intellectual Property Organisation.

International Translation Day
International Translation Day, also known as 'ITD', has been an important date celebrated in the FIT calendar for over 35 years. Each year FIT Council selects an annual theme as the basis for the celebrations.

Since 2017, 30 September has been internationally recognised as International Translation Day, an official UN International Day to be celebrated across the entire UN global network. It honours the contribution of professional translators, interpreters and terminologists in connecting nations, and fostering peace and global development and emphasises translation’s important political and cultural role in multilateralism and multilingualism.

Theme for 2024

The theme of ITD 2024 is “Translation, an art worth protecting”. This theme calls for the translation community to protect translation as an art, to protect copyright and related rights, and to protect professional livelihoods, thereby ensuring the future and sustainability of our profession.

Committees
The Federation, through its Standing Committees and Regional Centre Committees, undertakes projects to meet the various expectations of its members by addressing matters of training, professional standing and support for the community of translators, interpreters and terminologists.

Governing bodies
The Federation's supreme body is the Statutory Congress, which is held every three years. It brings together delegations from FIT member associations and elects the FIT Council, which oversees FIT activity until the next statutory congress.

The governing bodies are supported by the various standing committees, which report to the council annually about their activities, and to the congress.

FIT Events
The FIT World Congress and Statutory Congress

Every three years, FIT invites all stakeholders in the community to its Congresses. The FIT Statutory Congress runs for two days and is attended by representatives of member associations who wish to nominate and attend. The statutory congress is followed by a three-day open congress, which serves as a platform for exchanges among all stakeholders in the profession, with keynote speeches, presentations and round table discussions.

Publications and public relations
The academic journal BABEL and the Translatio newsletter are the Federation's quarterly publications, and are disseminated. Translatio informs FIT members about community activities and those of the FIT committees and events. The proceedings of each congress are also published, and serve as a further source of valuable information to those interested in the many facets of the translation profession.

In addition, between its congresses, FIT participates in the organization of webinars, seminars, colloquia and panel discussions on various aspects of the profession. FIT also supports its members' activities. The annual Council meetings are hosted by a FIT member association, to allow members to interact with FIT Council and to enable FIT to engage with the individual members of the profession in those countries.

Secretariat
FIT administration is assisted by a part-time secretariat.

title: International Federation of Translators


text:
Stones of Stenness

The Standing Stones of Stenness is a Neolithic monument five miles northeast of Stromness on the mainland of Orkney, Scotland. This may be the oldest henge site in the British Isles. Various traditions associated with the stones survived into the modern era and they form part of the Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site. They are looked after by Historic Environment Scotland as a scheduled monument.

Layout and location
The surviving stones are sited on a promontory at the south bank of the stream that joins the southern ends of the sea loch Loch of Stenness and the freshwater Loch of Harray. The name, which is pronounced stane-is in Orcadian dialect, comes from Old Norse meaning stone headland. The stream is now bridged, but at one time was crossed by a stepping stone causeway, and the Ring of Brodgar lies about 1.2 km away to the north-west, across the stream and near the tip of the isthmus formed between the two lochs. Maeshowe chambered cairn is about 1.2 km to the east of the Standing Stones of Stenness and several other Neolithic monuments also lie in the vicinity, suggesting that this area had particular importance.

Although the site today lacks the encircling ditch and bank, excavation has shown this site was a henge monument, possibly the oldest in the British Isles. The stones are thin slabs, approximately 30 cm thick with sharply angled tops. Four, up to about 5 m high, were originally elements of a stone circle of up to 12 stones, laid out in an ellipse about 32 m diameter on a levelled platform of 44 m diameter surrounded by a ditch. The ditch is cut into rock by as much as 2 m and is 7 m wide, surrounded by an earth bank, with a single entrance causeway on the north side. The entrance faces towards the Neolithic Barnhouse Settlement which has been found adjacent to the Loch of Harray.

The Watch Stone stands outside the circle to the north-west and is 5.6 m high. Once there were at least two stones there, as in the 1930s the stump of a second stone was found. Other smaller stones include a square stone setting in the centre of the circle platform where cremated bone, charcoal and pottery were found. This is referred to as a "hearth", similar to the one found at Barnhouse. Animal bones were found in the ditch. The pottery links the monument to Skara Brae and Maeshowe. Based on radiocarbon dating, it is thought that work on the site had begun by 3100 BCE.

Traditions and history
Even in the 18th century the site was still associated with traditions and rituals, by then relating to Norse gods. It was visited by Walter Scott in 1814. Other antiquarians documented the stones and recorded local traditions and beliefs about them. One stone, known as the "Odin Stone" which stood in the field to the north of the henge, was pierced with a circular hole, and was used by local couples for plighting engagements by holding hands through the gap. It was also associated with other ceremonies and believed to have magical power. There was a reported tradition of making all kinds of oaths or promises with one's hand in the Odin Stone; this was known as taking the "Vow of Odin".

In December 1814 Captain W. Mackay, a recent immigrant to Orkney who owned farmland in the vicinity of the stones, decided to remove them on the grounds that local people were trespassing and disturbing his land by using the stones in rituals. He started in December 1814 by smashing the Odin Stone. This caused outrage and he was stopped after destroying one other stone and toppling another.

The toppled stone was re-erected in 1906 along with some inaccurate reconstruction inside the circle.

In the 1970s, a dolmen structure was toppled, since there were doubts as to its authenticity. The two upright stones remain in place.

Influence on popular culture

 * A picture of the Stones of Stenness features on the cover of Van Morrison's album The Philosopher's Stone.
 * The Odin stone is depicted on Julian Cope's album Discover Odin.
 * The stones are also the setting for the Loreena McKennitt song "Standing Stones" from her album Parallel Dreams. The lyrics describe a pair of star-crossed lovers who meet at the Odin stone, only for the man to meet a tragic fate.

World Heritage status
The Heart of Neolithic Orkney was inscribed as a World Heritage site in December 1999. In addition to the Standing Stones of Stenness, the site includes Maeshowe, Skara Brae, the Ring of Brodgar and other nearby sites. It is managed by Historic Environment Scotland, whose 'Statement of Significance' for the site begins: The monuments at the heart of Neolithic Orkney and Skara Brae proclaim the triumphs of the human spirit in early ages and isolated places. They were approximately contemporary with the mastabas of the archaic period of Egypt (first and second dynasties), the brick temples of Sumeria, and the first cities of the Harappa culture in India, and a century or two earlier than the Golden Age of China. Unusually fine for their early date, and with a remarkably rich survival of evidence, these sites stand as a visible symbol of the achievements of early peoples away from the traditional centres of civilisation...Stenness is a unique and early expression of the ritual customs of the people who buried their dead in tombs like Maes Howe and lived in settlements like Skara Brae.

title: Stones of Stenness


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Levski Sofia (sports club)

Levski Sofia (Левски София) is a Bulgarian sports club based in Sofia. It was founded in 1911. The club is named after Vasil Levski, the national hero of Bulgaria.

The club develops 30 types of sports. Its football team, PFC Levski Sofia, is its most popular section. Other important sections are BC Levski Sofia, the basketball team, and VC Levski Sofia, the volleyball team. Levski is the only Bulgarian club, and one of the few in Europe, to have won the European Champions' Cup in three different team sports – basketball, volleyball and athletics.

To date, Levski has reached 27 European Finals in total (won nine titles) – one EuroLeague, one CEV Champions League, two European Champion Clubs Cup (athletics) titles, two EuroCup titles, and three Balkan League titles; and was runner-up in (18 finals) – three CEV Champions League Finals, two European Champion Clubs Cup (athletics) Finals, six CEV Cup Winners' Cup Finals, one EuroCup Final, one CELA Cup Final, two Balkan League Finals, two Balkans Cup Finals, and one Intertoto Cup Ernst Thommen Final. The athletes of Levski have won almost 1,000 medals from Olympic Games, World Championships and European Championships, which makes Levski one of the most successful European sports clubs of all-time.

Football

Bulgarian A Group : 26

 * 1933, 1937, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1953, 1965, 1968, 1970, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1993, 1994, 1995, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2009

Bulgarian Cup : 26

 * 1942, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1967, 1970, 1971, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1984, 1986, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2022

Sofia Championship : 11

 * 1923, 1924, 1925, 1929, 1933, 1937, 1942, 1943, 1945, 1946, 1948

Tsar's Cup / Cup of the Soviet Army / Cup of Bulgaria : 6

 * 1933, 1937, 1982, 1984, 1987, 1988

Ulpia Serdika Cup : 4

 * 1926, 1930, 1931, 1932

Bulgarian Supercup : 3

 * 2005, 2007, 2009

 Double : 13

 * 1942, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1970, 1977, 1979, 1984, 1994, 2000, 2002, 2007

 Treble : 4

 * 1942, 1946, 1984, 2007

 UEFA Europa League, UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1/4 Finals : 1969–70, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1986–87, 2005–06

UCL, UEL Group Stage : 2005–06, 2006–07, 2009–10, 2010–11

Balkans Cup Runners-Up : 1960–61, 1961–63

Intertoto Cup Ernst Thommen Runners-Up : 1981

Basketball

Men
National Basketball League : 16

 * 1942, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1978, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1986, 1993, 1994, 2000, 2001, 2014, 2018, 2021

Bulgarian Cup : 16

 * 1969, 1971, 1972, 1976, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1993, 2001, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2019, 2020, 2023

Bulgarian Basketball Super Cup : 3

 * 2018, 2019, 2023

Double : 5

 * 1979, 1982, 1993, 2001, 2014

Treble : 1

 * 2014

Balkan League : 3

 * Winners : 2010, 2014, 2018

Women
Bulgarian Champions : 8

 * 1980, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1994

Bulgarian Cup : 13

 * 1969, 1972, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1991

Double : 5

 * 1980, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1987

EuroLeague

 * Winners : 1984

Ronchetti Cup / EuroCup

 * Winners : 1978, 1979
 * Runners-Up : 1975

Volleyball

Men
Bulgarian Champions : 16

 * 1945, 1959, 1980, 1985, 1992, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2024

Bulgarian Cup : 17

Bulgarian Super Cup : 1
 * 1960, 1966, 1968, 1972, 1980, 1983, 1987, 1989, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2012, 2014
 * 2023

Double : 7

 * 1980, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006

CEV Cup Winners' Cup / CEV Cup

 * Runners-Up : 6
 * 1975, 1979, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1989

Women
Bulgarian Champions : 28

 * 1959, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1980, 1981, 1984, 1990, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2009, 2014

Bulgarian Cup : 27

 * 1959, 1960, 1961, 1966, 1967, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1978, 1980, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2014, 2016

Double : 17

 * 1959, 1966, 1967, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1980, 1990, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2009, 2014

CEV Champions League

 * Winners : 1964
 * Runners-Up : 3
 * 1975, 1976, 1981

Hockey
Bulgarian Hockey League : 13

 * 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2003

Bulgarian Cup : 17

 * 1968, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2005

Double : 8

 * 1977, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1989, 1990, 1995, 1999

Medals and athletes

Levski Sofia athletes:

Supporters
Levski is the most popular club in Bulgaria. The club has various rivalries in the domestic competitions. Levski fans maintain a friendship with Lazio fans and have Bulgarian nationalist views.

title: Levski Sofia (sports club)


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title: User talk:Ebrooks