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Abaco Islands

The Abaco Islands lie in the northern Bahamas, about 193 miles (167.7 nautical miles or 310.6 km) east of Miami, Florida. The main islands are Great Abaco and Little Abaco, which is just west of Great Abaco's northern tip. There are several smaller barrier cays, of which the northernmost are Walker's Cay and its sister island Grand Cay. To the south, the next inhabited islands are Spanish Cay and Green Turtle Cay, with its settlement of New Plymouth, Great Guana Cay, private Scotland Cay, Man-O-War Cay, and Elbow Cay, with its settlement of Hope Town. Southernmost are Tilloo Cay and Lubbers Quarters. Also of note off Abaco's western shore is Gorda Cay, now a Disney-owned island and cruise ship stop renamed Castaway Cay. Also in the vicinity is Moore's Island. On the Big Island of Abaco is Marsh Harbour, the Abacos' commercial hub and the Bahamas' third-largest city, plus the resort area of Treasure Cay. Both have airports. A few mainland settlements of significance are Coopers Town and Fox Town in the north and Cherokee and Sandy Point in the south. Administratively, the Abaco Islands constitute seven of the 31 Local Government Districts of the Bahamas: Grand Cay, North Abaco, Green Turtle Cay, Central Abaco, South Abaco, Moore's Island, and Hope Town.

Geography
The Abaco Islands consist of limestone, with some elevation, and are protected on the Atlantic-facing sides by the third-largest barrier reef in the world. The cays are primarily made up of tidal mangrove swamps, as well as white-sand beaches. Most of the islands are uninhabited. The Abaco Islands and their associated cays are the Out Islands, Family Islands, and Friendly Islands.

History
The Abaco Islands were first inhabited by the Lucayans, who called the Abaco Islands Lucayoneque, meaning "the people’s distant waters". The first European settlers of the islands were Loyalists fleeing the American Revolution who arrived in 1783, as was also the Cat Island case. These original Loyalist settlers made a modest living by salvaging wrecks, by building small wooden boats, and basic farming.

Pre-Columbian and Spanish eras
The Lucayans were the first people to inhabit the Abaco Islands. They were a branch of the Taínos who inhabited most of the Caribbean islands at the time. The Lucayans were the first inhabitants of the Americas encountered by Christopher Columbus. The Spanish started seizing Lucayans as slaves within a few years of Columbus's arrival, and they had all been removed from the Bahamas by 1520. After the extermination of the Lucayans, there were no known permanent settlements in the Bahamas for approximately 130 years.

Spain laid claim to the Bahamas after Columbus discovered the islands but showed little interest in them. The Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci spent four months exploring the Bahamas in 1499–1500. Juan de la Cosa's first map of the New World, printed in 1500, shows the Abaco Islands with the name Habacoa. The Peter Martyr map, in the first edition of De Orbe Novo in 1511, shows the Bahamas' islands but does not name them. The Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León landed on Abaco in 1513. The Turin map of 1523 clearly shows Abaco, now named Iucayonique. The Turin map remained the most accurate map of the area until the Bahamas' first English maps were produced. Both John White's map of 1590 and Thomas Hood's map of 1592 show the islands, as did a map produced in 1630 by the Dutchman de Laet. At this time, the Spanish empire in the Caribbean was focused on Havana. Spain regarded the now-depopulated Bahamas as unprofitable and treacherous to navigate;- in 1593, a Spanish fleet of 17 ships wrecked off the Abaco. Also, English and French pirates and freebooters had begun preying on Spanish vessels north of Cuba. A Spanish ordinance of 1561 forbade any merchant ship to enter the Bahamas without an escort. Ownership of the Bahamas passed back and forth between Spain and Great Britain for 150 years. A treaty was established in 1783 by Great Britain. Great Britain ceded East Florida to Spain, receiving the Bahamas in return.

British colonial era
In 1783, a call for those wishing to help settle Abaco was published in the Royal Gazette in New York City. About 1500 Loyalists left New York and moved to Abaco in August 1783. The Loyalists settled on a small sandy harbor about six leagues north of Marsh Harbour near modern-day Treasure Cay. They planned and built the town of Carleton, named after Sir Guy Carleton. Disputes over food distribution and misinformation about the resources available led some of these settlers to found a rival town near Marsh Harbour called Maxwell. The conflict between disgruntled settlers and the officials responsible became a constant life feature on the islands. Sea island cotton was sown by the settlers in 1785, and although both 1786 and 1787 produced good crops, the 1788 crop was blighted by caterpillars. Other settlements on the islands were Green Turtle Cay, Man-o-War Cay, and Sandy Point. In the 1790s, a group of Loyalists from the Carolinas arrived on the islands via Florida, founding the isolated settlement of Cherokee Sound.

Abaco & the 'Nassau' Slave Revolt
Two slave ships from the United States - The Encomium and the Comet - wrecked off the coast of Abaco in December 1830 and 1834 respectively. The customs officers of Nassau seized the 165 slaves from the Comet and the 48 slaves from the Encomium, freeing them despite the protests of the crew. A later indemnity passed hands between the governments of the United Kingdom and the United States in 1855.

The Hermosa, another slave ship, wrecked in Abaco in 1840. The slaves aboard were unilaterally emancipated by the Bahamians involved. These situations influenced the later revolt led by Madison Washington.

Early 1970s
In June 1971, the Prime Minister of the Bahamas, Lynden Pindling, announced his government's independence from Britain. On Abaco, the Greater Abaco Council formed to lobby for continued British rule. In July 1971, the Greater Abaco Council submitted a petition to the Queen asking that Abaco become a 'completely self-contained and fully self-supporting' territory under British jurisdiction. In August 1971, the British government refused to consider the petition. The September 1972 general election in the Bahamas showed a clear majority for independence across the country.

However, on Abaco, the results were less clear-cut; the pro-independence Progressive Liberal Party won one of Abaco's two seats by a small majority and, by comparison, the Free National Movement (which opposed early independence) won the other chair by a large majority. Starting in December 1971, all-party talks took place in London, to draft a new constitution for the Bahamas. The Greater Abaco Council sent their representatives to London for a 'collateral conference' to run alongside the official talks. The British refused to consider granting Abaco independence (secession) from the rest of the Bahamas. The GAC accepted this, and the group ceased activity at the end of 1972.

Shortly afterward, Errington Watkins, the Free National Movement representative for the Abaco-Marsh Harbour seat, formed a successor group called the Council for a Free Abaco. A second petition was organized and signed by half of the registered voters on the island. Errington Watkins took this petition to London in May 1973, hoping to influence the Bahamas Independence Order, then-debated in the British Parliament. A sympathetic MP, Ronald Bell, introduced an amendment that would have excluded Abaco from an independent Bahamas and have the islands remain a British colony. Defeated in the House of Commons and the Bahamas Independence Order, this amendment was approved on 22 May 1973. Three weeks later, a similar motion on Abaco was defeated in the House of Lords.

A last-ditch attempt by Errington Watkins to pass a resolution in the Bahamas House of Assembly calling for a United Nations-supervised referendum on Abaco was easily defeated in June 1973, and the Bahamas became independent on 10 July 1973.

Abaco Independence Movement and onward
In August 1973, shortly after the Bahamas became independent, the Abaco Independence Movement was formed as a political party whose stated aim was self-determination for Abaco within a federal Bahamas. Chuck Hall and Bert Williams created AIM. They sought support from the US Libertarian Party and an American financier named Michael Oliver, who through his libertarian Phoenix Foundation agreed to support AIM financially. Mitchell WerBell, an American arms dealer and mercenary, also supported AIM. His talk of an armed insurrection and attempts to recruit mercenaries to go to Abaco greatly discredited AIM. The Progressive Liberal Party victory in the 1977 general election effectively marked the end of the movement.

Hurricane Dorian
On 1 September 2019, Hurricane Dorian made landfall on Elbow Cay in the Abaco Islands at 16:40 UTC with winds of 185 mph and wind gusts up to 225 mph, tying Dorian with the 1935 Labor Day hurricane as the strongest landfalling Atlantic hurricane on record. There are reports of major damage throughout the islands which has been described as "catastrophic damage" and "pure hell".

Hurricane Dorian caused 87 percent of the damage in the Abaco Islands. 75 percent of the island's homes were damaged or destroyed. The total cost of Hurricane Dorian's impacts and effects on the Bahamas was $3.4 billion. As of October 18, 2019, there were 67 confirmed deaths as a result of Hurricane Dorian, with 282 people still missing. The damage also impacted the homes and assets of another 29,472 people. Hurricane Dorian wreaked havoc on Grand Bahama and Abaco, with damaging winds and storm surges, as well as the island of New Providence. The $3.4 billion in damages, losses, and additional costs were split as follows: 72 percent damage, 21 percent losses, and 7% additional costs, with the private sector absorbing nearly 90 percent of total losses. Abaco was responsible for 87% of the losses and 76% of the damage.

Demographics
The combined population of the islands was about 17,224, and the principal settlement and capital is Marsh Harbour.

In addition to Marsh Harbour there are several other settlements on Great Abaco including Cherokee Sound, Coopers Town, Crossing Rock, Green Turtle Cay, Hope Town, Little Harbour, Rocky Point, Sandy Point, Spring City, Treasure Cay, Wilson City, and Winding Bay.

Surrounding Great Abaco are several smaller islands known as cays, many of which are popular with tourists visiting the islands. A few notable cays include Castaway Cay (formerly Gorda Cay), Elbow Cay, the Grand Cays, Great Guana Cay, Green Turtle Cay, Man-O-War Cay, Moore's Island, Tilloo Cay, and Walker's Cay.

Activities
The Bahamas National Trust maintains six national parks in the Abacos Islands. These are:
 * Pelican Cays Land and Sea Park
 * Abaco National Park
 * Black Sound Cay National Reserve
 * Walker's Cay National Park
 * Tilloo Cay National Reserve
 * Fowl Cays National Park

The Great Abaco Family Fitness Weekend takes place every March in Treasure Cay, attracting both domestic and international tourism. The events include an open water swim, sprint and Olympic triathlons, a children's race, and a 5k/10k fun run/walk. The Abaco Club features an 18 hole championship golf course, designed by Donald Steel and Tom Mackenzie, which is home to Great Abaco Classic.

Fishing, diving, snorkeling, and boating are available in the Abacos. Green Turtle Cay has an interactive Bahamas Pig Tour and Hope Town has a historic lighthouse. Restaurants and bars serving Bahamian food can be found in the hotels on Abaco Island.

Transportation
Marsh Harbour Airport (MHH) and Treasure Cay Airport (TCB) serve the needs of the Abacos, and all Abaco travel connects or originates in Florida or Atlanta. On the main island cars and boat rentals are available. On some of the cays, rental golf carts and boats are the main mode of transportation, along with bikes or scooters. Marsh Harbour Airport was the site of a plane crash on 25 August 2001, that claimed the lives of nine passengers, among them R&B singer Aaliyah.

The cays can be reached by ferries. The southern cays can be reached from Marsh Harbour and another ferry leaves from the Treasure Cay ferry dock about a half-hour from Marsh Harbour by road. Ferry service is also to be found between Nassau and Sandy Point on the southern end of Great Abaco on weekends.

Sandy Point
Sandy Point is a small settlement at the tip of southwest Abaco, Bahamas. It is the location of "Sandy Point Airport", which has yet to serve any regular scheduled carrier, and a new police station. Sandy Point also has a few shops, some churches and a few bonefish lodges. The annual "Homecoming and Conch Fest" is held around Bahamian Labour Day, the first Friday in June. In the 1990s, The Walt Disney Company bought Gorda Cay and renamed it Castaway Island and made it a stop on their "Island in the Sun" cruise ship offering. Many Disney employees live in Sandy Point. There is no public access for tourists from shore. Also off shore and a little more to the north, lies Moore's Island. It has two settlements "Hard Bargain" and "The Bight". Hole-in-the-Wall, which is the site of a lighthouse, may seem nearby but should be a trip unto itself and only in a 4-wheel-drive vehicle when coming from Marsh Harbour.

Economy
The Abaco Islands have been long famous for shipbuilding. Their chief exports are lumber, fruit, and pearl shells. Crawfish (Caribbean spiny lobster) are exported to the United States. Pulpwood is shipped to a Florida plant for processing. Tourism is a major portion of the economy.

Tourism has grown to the 300,000 visitors mark in 2019. This growth makes the Abacos the second most visited destination in The Bahamas. The reason for the recent increase in tourism is because of the waters. Boating, swimming, and fishing are popular activities in the islands and cays that make up the Abaco archipelago, which have hosted fishing tournaments and regattas. The real estate sector has grown due to the growing tourism; Elbow Caw saw the most activity in 2018.

Environment
The Abaco Islands boast important natural areas, especially important coral reef areas, barrier-island terrestrial habitats and large forests of Bahamian pine (Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis), some of which still contain old-growth trees. As development expands in the Abacos, local groups have begun to fight for the preservation of their natural resources, such as in the development case on Great Guana Cay.

Species of birds include the Bahamian subspecies of Cuban amazon (Amazona leucocephala bahamensis), which exists only in Cuba, the Cayman Islands, the southern Bahamas and Abaco. This population is unique in that it nests in limestone solution cavities rather than tree cavities. Abaco is also known for its intact elkhorn and staghorn coral structures, and for a breed of feral horse, the Abaco Barb, which became extinct in 2015.

Notable people

 * Thomas Winer Malone, boat builder
 * Steven Gardiner, sprint athlete and Olympic medalist
 * Shavez Hart, sprint athlete and Olympian
 * Elroy McBride, sprint athlete who competed at the World Championships

title: Abaco Islands


text:
TUL

Tul is a Korean martial art form.

Tul or TUL may also refer to:

Places

 * Tul, Hormozgan, Iran
 * Tuł, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland

Institutions

 * TUL corporation, a Taiwanese computer products manufacturer
 * Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic
 * Łódź University of Technology (former name: Technical University of Lodz)
 * Tradition und Leben, a German monarchist organisation
 * Transnational University Limburg
 * Tulsa International Airport, Oklahoma, United States
 * Finnish Workers' Sports Federation (Finnish: Työväen Urheiluliitto), a Finnish amateur sports organisation

People

 * Tullus (praenomen), a Roman praenomen
 * Magdalena Tul (born 1980), Polish singer and composer
 * Erik Tul (born 1975), Slovenian rower
 * Tul., taxonomic author abbreviation for Edmond Tulasne (1815–1885), French botanist and mycologist

Other

 * Truck Utility Light, the British Army designation of the Land Rover Wolf 90

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: TUL


text:
User:Xslf~enwiki

I am active mainly on the Hebrew Wikipedia.
 * My Hebrew user page
 * My website-xslf.com

title: User:Xslf~enwiki


text:
Thomas Reed

Thomas or Tom Reed may refer to:

Politicians and military

 * Thomas Buck Reed (1787–1829), senator from Mississippi
 * Thomas Reed (British Army officer) (1796–1883), British general
 * Thomas Brackett Reed (1839–1902), Speaker of the House of Representatives from Maine
 * Thomas C. Reed (born 1934), American Secretary of the Air Force and nuclear weapons designer
 * Thomas Reed (Alabama politician), Alabama civil rights leader and state politician
 * Tom Reed (politician) (born 1971), representative for the state of New York

Others

 * Thomas German Reed (1817–1888), English actor, composer, and theatrical manager
 * Thomas Reed (architect) (1817–1878), Danish architect
 * T. S. Reed (Thomas Sadler Reed, 1818–1914), public servant in South Australia
 * Tom Reed (screenwriter) (1901–1961), American screenwriter
 * Tom Reed (bishop) (1902–1995), Anglican Archbishop of Adelaide
 * Tom Reed (American football) (1945–2022), American football coach
 * Tom Reed (judoka) (born 1986), British judoka

title: Thomas Reed


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Gloucester Hill Battle Monument

The Gloucester Hill Battle Monument (파주 영국군 설마리전투비, literally "British Army's Seolmari Battle Monument in Paju") or Gloucester Memorial is a memorial in South Korea that commemorates the actions of the Gloucestershire Regiment and C Troop, 170th Mortar Battery, Royal Artillery, of the British Army during the Battle of the Imjin River in 1951.

Hill 235
Hill 235, where the 1st Battalion, the Gloucestershire Regiment (the Glorious Glosters) was ordered to "Hold on where you are", is remembered as "Gloster Hill". The hill is south of the Imjin River and west of the Seolmacheon stream at 37.9472°N, 126.9339°W in Jeokseong-myeon, Paju City, Gyeonggi-do Province, South Korea.

Memorial
The memorial stands at the foot of Gloucester Hill beside the Seolmacheon stream, the initial location of the Gloucestershire Regiment's headquarters during the battle at Imjin River. It was built by units of the British and South Korean armed forces as a memorial to the Gloucestershire Regiment and C Troop, 170th Mortar Battery, Royal Artillery.

The British Embassy in Seoul organises services for veterans on every anniversary of the battle, in April. Information on and artifacts from the battle are held by the Soldiers of Gloucestershire Museum in Gloucester, England.

The memorial was first unveiled on 29 June 1957. The memorial park was expanded and reopened in 2014. There is a memorial garden on the east side of the stream containing a large sculpture of the Gloucester's beret, a set of life sized Gloucester soldiers patrolling away from the Imjin River and a memorial wall. The stream is crossed by Gloucester Bridge and a path leads round to a flight of steps that takes you to the memorial stones set into a wall built into the side of the hill.

Four plaques on the original memorial still show the crest of the United Nations, the badges of the Gloucestershire Regiment and of the Royal Artillery, plus inscriptions in English and Korean which read:

Battle of Solma-Ri – April 21 to 25, 1951

This memorial on Gloster Hill commemorates

The heroic stand of the 1st Battalion the

Gloucestershire Regiment and 'C' Troop, 170

Light Mortar Battery, Royal Artillery.

Surrounded and greatly outnumbered they

Fought valiantly for four days in the

Defence of freedom.

This is a popular park for local Koreans. According to Lee In-jae, the mayor of Paju who raised money among local citizens to expand the park, "Freedom is not free – it is earned with blood".

1.7 kilometers away from the memorial and situated on Gamak mountain is a rope bridge known as The Gloucester Heroes Bridge. The insignia of the regiment is also on a marble effect wall towards the beginning/end of the bridge, depending on which side the walk is started.

title: Gloucester Hill Battle Monument


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1221 Amor

1221 Amor is an asteroid and near-Earth object on an eccentric orbit, approximately 1 km in diameter. It is the namesake of the Amor asteroids, the second-largest subgroup of near-Earth objects. It was discovered by Eugène Delporte at the Uccle Observatory in 1932, the first time that an asteroid was seen to approach Earth so closely. The assumed S-type asteroid is one of few low-numbered asteroids for which no rotation period has been determined. It was assigned the provisional designation  and named for Cupid, also known as "Amor" in Latin, the Roman equivalent of the Greek god Eros.

Discovery
On 12 March 1932, Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte photographed Amor at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle, as it approached Earth to within 16 million kilometers (about 40 times the distance from Earth to the Moon). This was the first time that an asteroid was seen to approach Earth so closely. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation on 12 March 1932, when it was observed at the Uccle and Heidelberg observatories simultaneously.

Orbit and classification
Amor is the namesake of the Amor asteroid, a subgroup of near-Earth asteroids that approach the orbit of Earth from beyond, but do not cross it. Next to the Apollo group, the Amors are the second largest group of near-Earth objects with more than 7,000 known members. As with many members of this group, Amor is also a Mars-crosser, crossing the orbit of the Red Planet at 1.66 AU.

It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.08–2.76 AU once every 2 years and 8 months (971 days; semi-major axis of 1.92 AU). Its orbit has a high eccentricity of 0.44 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.

Close encounters
Amor has an Earth minimum orbital intersection distance of 0.1069 AU which corresponds to 41.6 lunar distances. In March 1940, it approached Earth to 0.1052 AU, its closest approach of all close encounters since 1900. Only in March 2129, it will approach Earth at a similar distance of 0.1082 AU.

Naming
This minor planet was named after the Roman god of love, Cupid, also known as Amor in Latin, and the Roman equivalent of the Greek god Eros. The near-Earth asteroids 433 Eros and 763 Cupido are also named after the god of love. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 113).

Physical characteristics
Amor is an assumed, stony S-type asteroid.

Rotation period
As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of Amor has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.

Diameter and albedo
According to Tom Gehrels publication Hazards due to Comets and Asteroids from 1994 (pp. 540–543), Amor measures 1.0 kilometer in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.15. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 0.857 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 17.7.

title: 1221 Amor


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User talk:Sesse

Welcome
Hello, and welcome to Wikipedia. Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers: How to edit a page, Picture tutorial, How to write a great article, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! BTW, you can sign your name using three tildes, like this:. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too. If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Johnleemk | Talk 12:54, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Hei
Hei Steinar! ^^ Hva skjer? :P Havok  (T/C) 14:18, 18 August 2005 (UTC)

Bilde til sletting
Hei. Et bilde du har lastet opp har nå blitt foreslått slettet, se. Hilsen Kjetil_r 22:14, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Hi.

Just wondering, do you still know your classmates from this photo!? Jimbob615 23:23, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

No, I haven't seen them since we graduated. -Sesse 23:33, 3 September 2006 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Sesse


text:
List of Earth-crossing asteroids

An Earth-crosser is a near-Earth asteroid whose orbit crosses that of Earth as observed from the ecliptic pole of Earth's orbit. The known numbered Earth-crossers are listed here. Those Earth-crossers whose semi-major axes are smaller than Earth's are Aten asteroids; the remaining ones are Apollo asteroids. (See also the Amor asteroids.)

An asteroid with an Earth-crossing orbit is not necessarily in danger of colliding with Earth. The orbit of an Earth-crossing asteroid may not even intersect with that of Earth. This apparent contradiction arises because many asteroids have highly inclined orbits, so although they may have a perihelion less than that of Earth, their paths can never cross. An asteroid for which there is some possibility of a collision with Earth at a future date and which is above a certain size is classified as a potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA). Specifically, an asteroid is a PHA if its Earth minimum orbital intersection distance (MOID) is <0.05 AU and its absolute magnitude is 22 or brighter. The concept of PHA is intended to replace the now abandoned strict definition of ECA (Earth-crossing asteroid) which existed for a few years. Determining if an asteroid was an ECA required calculation of its orbits millennia into the future, including planetary gravitational perturbations, to assess whether a collision with Earth was possible and this has proved to be impractical.

Having a small MOID is not a guarantee of a collision. On the other hand, small gravitational perturbations of the asteroid around its orbit from planets that it passes can significantly alter its path. For instance, 99942 Apophis will approach Earth so closely in 2029 that it will get under the orbit of the Earth's geostationary satellites.

Of the Earth-crossing asteroids, 3753 Cruithne is notable for having an orbit that has the same period as Earth's.

List
• 1 1566 Icarus

• 2 1620 Geographos

• 3 1685 Toro

• 4 1862 Apollo

• 5 1863 Antinous

• 6 1864 Daedalus

• 7 1865 Cerberus

• 8 1866 Sisyphus

• 9 1981 Midas

• 10 2016 NL56

• 11 2062 Aten

• 12 2063 Bacchus

• 13 2100 Ra-Shalom

• 14 2101 Adonis

• 15 2102 Tantalus

• 16 2135 Aristaeus

• 17 2201 Oljato

• 18 2212 Hephaistos

• 19 2329 Orthos

• 20 2340 Hathor

• 21 3103 Eger

• 22 3200 Phaethon

• 23 3360 Syrinx

• 24 3361 Orpheus

• 25 3362 Khufu

• 26 3554 Amun

• 27 3671 Dionysus †

• 28 3752 Camillo †

• 29 3753 Cruithne

• 30 3838 Epona

• 31 4015 Wilson–Harrington †

• 32 4034 Vishnu

• 33 4179 Toutatis

• 34 4183 Cuno

• 35 4197 Morpheus

• 36 4257 Ubasti

• 37 4341 Poseidon

• 38 4450 Pan

• 39 4486 Mithra

• 40 4544 Xanthus

• 41 4581 Asclepius

• 42 4660 Nereus

• 43 4769 Castalia

• 44

• 45 5011 Ptah

• 46

• 47 5143 Heracles

• 48

• 49 5381 Sekhmet

• 50

• 51

• 52

• 53

• 54

• 55

• 56 5731 Zeus

• 57 5786 Talos

• 58

• 59

• 60

• 61 †

• 62 6063 Jason

• 63 6239 Minos

• 64

• 65 6489 Golevka †

• 66

• 67 †

• 68 7092 Cadmus

• 69

• 70

• 71

• 72

• 73

• 74

• 75

• 76

• 77

• 78

• 79

• 80

• 81

• 82

• 83 †

• 84 9162 Kwiila

• 85

• 86

• 87

• 88

• 89

• 90 10563 Izhdubar

• 91

• 92 11066 Sigurd

• 93 11311 Peleus †

• 94

• 95 11500 Tomaiyowit

• 96 11885 Summanus

• 97

• 98 12711 Tukmit

• 99 12923 Zephyr †

• 100

• 1 14827 Hypnos

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

• 7

• 8

• 9

• 10

• 11

• 12

• 13

• 14

• 15

• 16

• 17

• 18 †

• 19 24761 Ahau

• 20 25143 Itokawa

• 21

• 22

• 23

• 24 †

• 25

• 26

• 27

• 28

• 29

• 30

• 31

• 32

• 33

• 34

• 35

• 36

• 37 37655 Illapa

• 38 38086 Beowulf

• 39

• 40

• 41

• 42

• 43 †

• 44

• 45

• 46

• 47

• 48

• 49

• 50

• 51

• 52 †

• 53 54509 YORP

• 54

• 55

• 56

• 57

• 58 †

• 59

• 60 65803 Didymos †

• 61

• 62

• 63

• 64

• 65

• 66 66391 Moshup

• 67

• 68

• 69

• 70

• 71

• 72

• 73

• 74

• 75

• 76

• 77

• 78 69230 Hermes

• 79

• 80

• 81 85585 Mjolnir

• 82

• 83

• 84

• 85

• 86

• 87

• 88

• 89

• 90

• 91

• 92

• 93

• 94

• 95 †

• 96

• 97

• 98

• 99

• 100

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

• 6

• 7 †

• 8

• 9

• 10

• 11 †

• 12

• 13

• 14

• 15 99942 Apophis

• 16

• 17

• 18 367943 Duende

• 19

• 20

• 21

• 22

• 23

• 24 524522 Zoozve

• 25

• 26

• 27

• 28

• 29 2020 QG

Notes: † outer-grazer

title: List of Earth-crossing asteroids


text:
Jean-Christian Michel

Jean-Christian Michel (born 1938) is a composer and clarinetist. His compositions are influenced by jazz and by baroque music, particularly that of Johann Sebastian Bach. Before starting his musical career, Jean-Christian Michel was a doctor, as a surgeon.

His first record Requiem was released in 1966. He founded the ensemble Quatuor avec Orgue. Michel has received 3 diamond discs, 7 platinum discs and 10 golden discs. With more than five million discs sold, (3 discs classified 1, 2 & 3 in the charts of CIDD-France soir in the seventies); and thousands of concerts to his credit, he today pursues a global career. Michel is a "Full Member" of the SACEM (an association of composers and music publishers to protect copyright and royalties). He received the prize for "Sciences and Culture" at Sorbonne, Paris, France, which was awarded by a jury of six Nobel Prize winners. Jean-Christian Michel is currently the godfather of the campaign Neurodon, within the Federation for Brain Research FRC Drummer Kenny Clarke played and recorded with Michel for 10 years. Michel is also a very experienced mountain climber. He was a member of the group that made the first-ever ascent of Tawesche, in the Himalayas, in 1974.

Discography

 * Requiem
 * Aranjuez
 * Musique sacrée (with Kenny Clarke)
 * Crucifixus
 * JQM (with Kenny Clarke)
 * Le cœur des etoiles
 * Vision d’Ezéchiel
 * Ouverture spatiale (with Kenny Clarke)
 * Eve des origines (with Kenny Clarke)
 * Port-Maria (with Kenny Clarke)
 * Musique de lumière
 * Jean-Christian Michel in concert
 * Vif-obscur
 * Les années-lumière
 * Les cathédrales de lumière
 * Aranjuez 2004
 * Portail de l'espace 2005
 * Bach transcriptions 2006
 * Live concert 2007
 * Spatial Requiem 2008
 * Jean-Christian Michel plays jazz 2012

DVD

 * "Imaginaire" (2010)

title: Jean-Christian Michel


text:
Mao Zetan

Mao Zetan (, also named Mao Zelin, courtesy name first Yongju , then Runju ; 25 September 1905 – 25 April 1935) was the younger brother of Mao Zedong. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1923. In 1927, he participated in the Nanchang Uprising, retreating with the Communists to the Jinggang Mountains at its completion. At the age of 29, he was captured and executed while fighting Kuomintang forces in Jiangxi, covering the withdrawal of the main Communist army during the Long March.

In 1927 he married Zhou Wennan. They had a son, later a soldier killed by Kuomintang forces.

title: Mao Zetan


text:
USS Mount Whitney

USS Mount Whitney (LCC/JCC 20) is one of two Blue Ridge-class command ship amphibious command ships of the United States Navy and is the flagship and command ship of the United States Sixth Fleet. USS Mount Whitney also serves as the Afloat Command Platform (ACP) of Naval Striking and Support Forces NATO (STRIKFORNATO). The ship had previously served for years as the COMSTRIKFLTLANT(NATO Designation) / US Second Fleet's command ship. She is one of only a few commissioned ships to be assigned to Military Sealift Command.

Mount Whitney was classified as LCC-20 on 1 January 1969, and her keel was laid down on 8 January by Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Company, Newport News, Virginia.

At the time of her commissioning, Mount Whitney joined her sister ship Blue Ridge as having the distinction of carrying the world's most sophisticated electronics suites. It was said to be some thirty percent larger than that of the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy, which had been the most complex. Mount Whitney was armed with a "main battery" of computers, communications gear, and other electronic facilities to fulfill her mission as a command ship. An extremely refined communications system was also an integral part of the ship's radical new design. Through an automated patch panel and computer-controlled switching matrix, her crew could use any combination of communication equipment desired. The clean topside area is the result of careful design intended to minimize the ship's interference with her own communications system. US Navy long-range communications were heavily reliant on high-frequency radio systems in the 1970s and have evolved to predominantly satellite communications in the 2000s. This is illustrated by the long wire antennas and the directional HF yagi or log-periodic antenna initially installed on Mount Whitney and later removed and replaced with a number of satellite communications antennas.

Ship's name
The ship is named for Mount Whitney, a peak in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California. Mount Whitney is the highest summit in the contiguous United States, with an elevation of 14505 ft.

Capability
Mount Whitney is the most sophisticated Command, Control, Communications, Computer, and Intelligence (C4I) ship ever commissioned, She incorporates various elements of the most advanced C4I equipment and gives the embarked Joint Task Force Commander the capability to effectively command all units under their command.

Mount Whitney can transmit and receive large amounts of secure data to and from any point on earth through HF, VHF, UHF, and SHF (satellite) communications channels. This electronic technology enables the Joint Intelligence Center and Joint Operations Center to provide the most timely intelligence and operational support available in the Navy.

1970s and 1980s
From 1971 to 2005, Mount Whitney served as the flagship for Commander Second Fleet/Commander Striking Fleet Atlantic.

1990s
In 1994, during the FleetEx 2/94 "George Washington" war game exercise, the Argentine Navy, acting as the enemy and using the diesel submarine ARA San Juan, went undetected, penetrated the destroyer defense and "sank" Mount Whitney, which was acting as the command ship during the exercise.

Mount Whitney deployed in 1994 to Haiti with Lieutenant General Hugh Shelton, the commander of the XVIII Airborne Corps, in command of the Joint Task Force that conducted Operation Uphold Democracy.

2000s
On 12 November 2002, Mount Whitney deployed to the Central Command area of responsibility in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. She was acting as the initial command post for Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa. During the deployment, the ship embarked elements of the 2nd Marine Division and II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF), based at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, under the command of Major General John F. Sattler and Captain Morton W. Kenyon.

In 2004, Military Sealift Command civilian sailors were integrated into her crew. She remains a commissioned warship in the United States Navy, but the size of her crew was reduced from about 600 sailors to about 170 Navy officers and enlisted personnel and 155 civilians.

In February 2005, Mount Whitney left Norfolk for Gaeta, Italy where she was redesignated (LCC/JCC 20) and assumed duties as the 6th Fleet flagship, officially relieving USS La Salle (AGF-3). She also assumed duties as the command ship for the Commander, Joint Command Lisbon and the Commander, Striking Force NATO.

In August 2008, Mount Whitney was deployed to the Black Sea in support of Operation Assured Delivery to deliver humanitarian aid to those affected by the Russo-Georgian War and became the first NATO ship to deliver aid to port of Poti, Georgia.

On 6 November 2008, Mount Whitney was unable to enter the port at Sevastopol. City authorities and representatives of the Ukrainian Navy refused to comment on the event. Individuals working for the city administration reported that the failure was due to issues with Mount Whitney's border crossing documents, while others suggested anti-NATO protests were the cause.

2010s
From 19 March 2011, Mount Whitney served in the Mediterranean as the main command vessel for the enforcement of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 against Libya. She was the flagship for Admiral Samuel J. Locklear, who had tactical command of the Operation Odyssey Dawn joint task force. The vessel was serving as a command-and-control vessel for the United States' involvement in the coalition campaign aimed to enforce a Libya no-fly zone and prevent Muammar Gaddafi's forces from attacking the rebel stronghold of Benghazi.

In February 2013, Mount Whitney transferred to the San Giorgio del Porto Shipyard in Genoa, Italy for a major 60-day overhaul and repair project. The ship returned to active duty in April 2013 at the end of the maintenance window.

On 31 January 2014, Mount Whitney left her homeport of Gaeta, Italy. Mount Whitney, along with USS Taylor (FFG-50), were the first two US Navy ships to operate in the Black Sea during the Sochi Olympics.

On 31 July 2015, a fire broke out aboard Mount Whitney while she was in Viktor Lenac Shipyard, Rijeka, Croatia. There were no reported injuries, and the fire was extinguished within 45 minutes by ship's crew and shipyard fire brigade personnel. Mount Whitney had been in Viktor Lenac Shipyard since January 2015 undergoing a scheduled maintenance overhaul designed to extend the service life of the ship to 2039.

On 30 June 2016, Mount Whitney visited Klaipėda, Lithuania, and in October 2016, she visited Souda Bay, Greece.

From early 2017 through to October 2017, Mount Whitney was at the Viktor Lenac Shipyard; Rijeka, Croatia, for further upgrades to its information technology infrastructure, and various engineering refurbishments.

In September 2018, Mount Whitney visited Thessaloniki, Greece, for the 83rd Thessaloniki International Fair, where the US was the country of honor.

From 25 October to 7 November 2018, she served as the command vessel for the NATO exercise Trident Juncture.

2020s
In April 2022, the Combined Maritime Forces command, a 34-nation organization based in Bahrain, has added a new task force led by Mount Whitney. There are three task forces that handle piracy and security issues both inside and outside of the Persian Gulf. The new task force of two to eight ships at a time would target those smuggling coal, drugs, weapons, and people in the waterway. In late May 2022, Mount Whitney was operating in the Baltic Sea, ahead of naval exercise BALTOPS 2022. The ship is currently stationed in Gaeta, Italy.

On 18 October 2023, Mount Whitney deployed from Gaeta with the Commander 6th fleet, Vice Adm. Thomas Ishee, and his staff, onboard "in support of U.S. operations" in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in waters off the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. This added to new deployments by the USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN-69) aircraft carrier strike group and USS Bataan (LHD-5), USS Mesa Verde (LPD-19) and USS Carter Hall (LSD-50) carrying the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit, joining the USS Gerald R. Ford strike group.

Awards

 * Navy Unit Commendation with 2 awards
 * Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation with 2 awards
 * Naval Battle "E" Ribbon with 11 awards
 * National Defense Service Medal with 2 awards
 * Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
 * Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal
 * Kosovo Service Medal with 2 awards
 * United Nations Medal

title: USS Mount Whitney


text:
Marshal General of France

Marshal General of France, originally "Marshal General of the King's camps and armies" (maréchal général des camps et armées du roi), was a title given to signify that the recipient had authority over all of the French armies, in the days when a Marshal of France usually governed only one army.

This title was bestowed only on Marshals of France, usually when the title of Constable of France was unavailable or, after 1626, suppressed. Unlike the title of marshal, marshal general was rarely granted to active military commanders. Rather, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries, it was an end-of-career reward for particularly deserving or loyal marshals.

List of titleholders
There have only been six holders of this title in the history of France:

Six in the pre-revolutionary kingdom of France:
 * Charles de Gontaut, duc de Biron (1562–1602):
 * Admiral of France, 1592
 * Admiral and Marshal, 26 January 1594
 * unclear when promoted to Marshal General
 * executed in 1602
 * François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières (1543–1626):
 * Marshal, 27 September 1609
 * Marshal General, 30 March 1621
 * Constable of France, 6 July 1622
 * Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne (1611–1675):
 * Marshal, 16 November 1643
 * Marshal General, 4 April 1660
 * Claude-Louis-Hector de Villars (1653–1734):
 * Marshal, 20 October 1702
 * Marshal General, 18 October 1733
 * Maurice, comte de Saxe (1696–1750):
 * Marshal, 26 March 1744
 * Marshal General, 12 January 1747
 * Victor François de Broglie, 2nd Duke of Broglie (1718–1804):
 * Marshal, 1759
 * Marshal General, 1789
 * Broglie emigrated the same day the king signed the title papers. He therefore never exercised the functions of marshal general and was removed from the list of marshals of France in 1792.

One during the July Monarchy under the House of Orléans' sole, constitutional king, Louis Philippe:
 * Jean-de-Dieu Soult, duc de Dalmatie (1769–1851):
 * Marshal of the Empire, 19 May 1804
 * Marshal General, 15 September 1847

title: Marshal General of France


text:
User:Morwen/hundreds

 Bedfordshire Berkshire Buckinghamshire Cambridgeshire Cheshire Cornwall Cumberland Derbyshire - hundreds - done Devon Dorset County Durham Essex Gloucestershire Hampshire Herefordshire
Hertfordshire
Huntingdonshire
Kent
Lancashire
Leicestershire - hundreds - done
Lincolnshire
Middlesex
Norfolk
Northamptonshire
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Oxfordshire
Rutland
Shropshire
Somerset
Staffordshire
Suffolk
Surrey
Sussex
Warwickshire
Westmorland
Wiltshire
Worcestershire
Yorkshire - wapentakes - done

title: User:Morwen/hundreds


text:
Karl Bitter

Karl Theodore Francis Bitter  (December 6, 1867 – April 9, 1915) was an Austrian-born American sculptor best known for his architectural sculpture, memorials and residential work.

Life and career
The son of Carl and Henrietta Bitter, he was born in the municipal district Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus of Vienna. His early training took place at the Vienna Kunstgewerbeschule (the imperial school for the applied arts), and after that at the Kunstakademie (the Academy of Fine Arts). At the Academy, he studied with August Kühne and Edmund Heller. Upon his graduation, he was apprenticed to an architectural sculptor,. This was the period that the Ringstraße was being built in Vienna, and a large number of decorated buildings were being built.

He was drafted into the Austrian Army, and deserted while on leave. He was unable to return to Austria for many years because of his desertion. He later was pardoned by Emperor Franz Josef of Austria, who hoped to lure the famous sculptor back to Vienna.

Bitter immigrated to the United States in 1889, arriving in New York City. He applied for citizenship, and set to work as an assistant with a firm of Ellin, Kitson & Co. ("The Founder of American Architectural Decoration," Stone vol. XXIV, no. 4. (Apr. 1902): pp. 343-345.) While employed with this firm, at age 21, he competed for the Astor memorial bronze gates of Trinity Church and won. The work gave him sufficient capital to build and establish a small studio on 13th Street.

Bitter modeled seated statues of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton to flank the entrance to the Cuyahoga County Courthouse in Cleveland, Ohio (1909–11). He portrayed the men in early middle age, as in the 1780s when they clashed over what kind of nation the United States should become. Missouri commissioned a copy of Jefferson (1913), and Bitter made minor alterations to portray Jefferson as he looked as president when he signed the Louisiana Purchase Treaty in 1803. For the commission from the University of Virginia, Bitter aged Jefferson further, portraying him as he looked in retirement.

About this time, Bitter was discovered by Richard Morris Hunt, the architect of choice of many of New York's rich and famous. From that time on Bitter was never without work. After working as a sculptor at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 and as director at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York in 1901, Bitter's extraordinary organizational skills led him to be named head of the sculpture programs at both the 1904 St. Louis Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri, where Lee Lawrie trained with his guidance, and the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition held in San Francisco, California. In 1906/1907, he presided over the National Sculpture Society.

Among the awards won by Bitter were the silver medal of the Paris Exposition, 1900; the gold medal of the Pan-American Exposition, 1901; a gold medal at Philadelphia, 1902; and the gold medal at the St. Louis Exposition, 1904. He was a member of the National Institute of Arts and Sciences, vice-president (1906–08 and 1914–15); the National Academy of Design, to which he was elected in 1902; the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Players' Club, Century Club, and vice-president of the Architectural League from 1904 to 1906 and from 1909 to 1911, and member of the Art Commission, New York, from 1912 to 1915.

Although Bitter arose out of the Classical/Naturalist styles he was increasingly turning towards a more modern approach to sculpture. Much of the work in Buffalo and St. Louis was allegorical in nature. Where this would have taken him will never be known, because he was killed in a traffic collision in 1915 when, while leaving the Metropolitan Opera in New York, the driver of a car jumped the curb on Broadway and struck him down. His wife survived the crash as he had pushed her out of the way of the oncoming driver.

Like many of the sculptors and painters of the day, Bitter frequently employed the services of the muse and history's first "super model", Audrey Munson. On June 30, 1901, he married Marie A. Schevill, of Cincinnati, Ohio. They had three children: Francis T. R. Bitter, Marietta C. E. Bitter and John F. Bitter. Their son Francis Bitter, born in 1902, became a prominent American physicist.

For a time, Bitter's studio was located in a building known as The Castle in Weehawken, New Jersey. The Castle was created as a part of the Eldorado Amusement Park.

Architectural sculpture

 * East Doors and Tympanum, Trinity Church, New York, 1891
 * Elements Controlled and Uncontrolled, 1893, Administration Building, World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, Illinois, destroyed
 * Broad Street Station, 1894, Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Frank Furness architect:
 * Spirit of Transportation (plaster), length: 30 ft (9.14 m), interior of waiting room. Now located in 30th Street Station.
 * Elements of Fire and Water Tamed and Harnessed in Service to Man, pediment over 15th Street tunnel, (terra cotta), length: 50 ft (15.24 m), destroyed.
 * 10 relief panels commemorating cities served by the PRR (terra cotta), exterior of train shed, destroyed.
 * Sculpture group surrounding clock (terra cotta), exterior, destroyed.
 * 3 pedimental relief panels (terra cotta), exterior, destroyed.
 * Horace Jayne House, 1895, 19th & Delancey Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Frank Furness, architect, 4 pedimental relief panels of musicians (terra cotta), exterior.
 * Biltmore Estate, 1895, Asheville, North Carolina, Richard Morris Hunt, architect:
 * Heroic statue of Joan of Arc (limestone), on exterior of staircase.
 * Heroic statue of St. Louis (limestone), on exterior of staircase.
 * Contest of the Minstrels (oak frieze), banquet hall.
 * The Return from the Chase (stone frieze), over banquet hall fireplace.
 * Boy Stealing Geese (bronze), palm garden fountain.
 * Venus and Vulcan Andirons (steel), library.
 * Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fifth Avenue, Manhattan, New York City, Richard Morris Hunt architect:
 * 6 portrait medallions (c. 1895): Velasquez, Raphael, Durer, Rembrandt, Michelangelo, Bramante, spandrels over main entrance.
 * 4 caryatids (1899): Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Music, Fifth Avenue façade.
 * Bitter's sculpture groups of The Arts (1901) were never executed in stone. The uncarved blocks for them remain atop the paired columns of the Fifth Avenue facade.
 * St Paul Building – George B. Post architect, New York City, 1896
 * When this building was demolished in 1958, Bitter's three caryatids ended up at Holliday Park in Indianapolis after some debate about sending them to Vienna, Austria.
 * Decorations on the Dewey Arch – New York, 1899
 * Cornell Memorial Pulpit and Choir Rail (1900), All Angels' Episcopal Church, Manhattan, New York City. Now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
 * United States Customs House – Cass Gilbert architect, New York City, 1906
 * Cleveland Trust Company – George B. Post architect, Cleveland, Ohio, 1907
 * First National Bank – J. Milton Dyer architect, Cleveland, Ohio, 1908
 * 4 eagles and 4 globes (1909, granite), Monument to United States Regulars, Gettysburg National Military Park, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
 * Cuyahoga County Courthouse, Cleveland, Ohio, Lehman & Schmidt, architects:
 * Lord John Somers (1911, marble), atop façade cornice.
 * Lord Mansfield (1911, marble), atop facade cornice.
 * Wisconsin State Capitol, Madison, George B. Post, architect:
 * Liberty Supported by the Law (1910, granite), East Pediment sculpture group.
 * Wisconsin State Resources (1917, granite), West Pediment sculpture group.
 * 4 sculpture groups (1912): Knowledge, Strength, Faith, Prosperity and Abundance, around base of dome.
 * Prudential Lions, originally for the Prudential Headquarters, in Newark, New Jersey.

Monuments and other works

 * Dr. William Pepper (1895, bronze), south side of College Hall, University of Pennsylvania.
 * Dr. William Pepper (1899, bronze), Free Library of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
 * Breckenridge Memorial Tablet (1902, bronze), United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland.
 * Signing the Treaty (later known as Louisiana Purchase Group) (1904, staff), Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis.
 * Model for Louisiana Purchase Group (undated, plaster), St. Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, Missouri.
 * Louisiana Purchase Group (1913, bronze), Missouri History Museum, St. Louis.
 * Equestrian statue of General Franz Sigel (1907, bronze), Riverside Park, Riverside Drive & 108th Street, Manhattan, New York City.
 * William Henry Baldwin Jr. Memorial Tablet (1909, marble), Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Alabama.
 * Dr. James Burrill Angell Memorial Tablet (1909, bronze), Alumni Memorial Hall, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
 * Alexander Hamilton (1911, bronze), flanking main entrance to Cuyahoga County Courthouse, Cleveland, Ohio.
 * Thomas Jefferson (1911, bronze), flanking main entrance to Cuyahoga County Courthouse, Cleveland, Ohio. First version.
 * Thomas Jefferson (1913, marble), Missouri History Museum, Forest Park, St. Louis, Missouri. Second version.
 * Model for Thomas Jefferson (undated, plaster), St. Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, Missouri.
 * Thomas Jefferson (1915, bronze), University of Virginia, Charlottesville. Third version.
 * Thomas Jefferson (1915, bronze), Jefferson High School, Portland, Oregon.
 * Henry Philip Tappan Memorial (1913, bronze), Tappan Hall, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
 * Carl Schurz Monument (1913, bronze), Morningside Park, Manhattan, New York City.
 * Carl Schurz Monument (1914, bronze), Menominee Park, Oshkosh, Wisconsin.
 * Thomas Lowry Monument (1915, bronze), Smith Triangle Park, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
 * Andrew Dickson White (1915, bronze), outside Goldwin Smith Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

Funerary

 * Thanatos (1903, bronze), John Erastus Hubbard Memorial, Montpelier, Vermont.
 * The End of the Day's Work (1904, marble), Henry Villard Memorial – Sleepy Hollow, New York.
 * Fountain for cemetery, (1909), Dayton, Ohio
 * Faded Flowers (1911, marble), Prehn Mausoleum, Cedar Lawn Cemetery Paterson, New Jersey. Henry Bacon, architect; carved by Piccirilli Brothers.
 * Fear Not the Night (1915, marble), Louise Dellmayer Kasson Memorial, Forest Hills Cemetery, Utica, New York.

Posthumous

 * Pomona (1916, bronze), Pulitzer Fountain, Grand Army Plaza, Manhattan, New York City. Completed by Isidore Konti and Karl Gruppe.
 * Depew Memorial Fountain (1919, bronze), Indiana World War Memorial Plaza, Indianapolis, Indiana. Completed by Alexander Stirling Calder.
 * Louisiana Purchase Group (by 1929, bronze), Missouri State Capitol, Jefferson City, Missouri. Adolph Alexander Weinman oversaw the posthumous casting and designed the sculpture's granite setting.
 * Heroic statue of Henry Hudson (1939, bronze), Henry Hudson Park, Bronx, New York City. Commissioned in 1909, it was completed from Bitter's plaster model by Isidore Konti and Karl Gruppe.

title: Karl Bitter


text:
Appliance classes

Appliance classes (also known as protection classes) specify measures to prevent dangerous contact voltages on unenergized parts, such as the metallic casing, of an electronic device. In the electrical appliance manufacturing industry, the following appliance classes are defined in IEC 61140 and used to differentiate between the protective-earth connection requirements of devices.

Class 0
These appliances have no protective-earth connection and feature only a single level of insulation between live parts and exposed metalwork. If permitted at all, Class 0 items are intended for use in dry areas only. A single fault could cause an electric shock or other dangerous occurrence, without triggering the automatic operation of any fuse or circuit breaker. Sales of such items have been prohibited in much of the world for safety reasons, for example in the UK by Section 8 of  The Low Voltage Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 1989 and New Zealand by the Electricity Act. A typical example of a Class 0 appliance is the old style of Christmas fairy lights. However, equipment of this class is common in some 120V countries, and in much of the 230V developing world, whether permitted officially or not. These appliances do not have their chassis connected to electrical earth. In many countries the plug of a class 0 equipment is such that it cannot be inserted to grounded outlet like Schuko. The failure of such an equipment in a location where there are grounded equipment can cause fatal shock if one touches both. Any Class 1 equipment will act like a Class 0 equipment when connected to an ungrounded outlet.

Class I

Appliance class I is not only based on the basic insulation, but the casing and other conductive parts are also connected with a low-resistant earth conductor. Hence, these appliances must have their chassis connected to electrical earth (US: ground) by a separate earth conductor (coloured green/yellow in most countries, green in India, USA, Canada and Japan). The earth connection is achieved with a three-conductor mains cable, typically ending with three-prong AC connector which plugs into a corresponding AC outlet.

Plugs are designed such that the connection to the protective earth conductor should be the first connection when plugged in. It should also be the last to be broken when the plug is removed.

A fault in the appliance which causes a live conductor to contact the casing will cause a current to flow in the earth conductor. If large enough, this current will trip an over-current device (fuse or circuit breaker [CB]) and disconnect the supply. The disconnection time has to be fast enough not to allow fibrillation to start if a person is in contact with the casing at the time. This time and the current rating in turn sets a maximum earth resistance permissible. To provide supplementary protection against high-impedance faults it is common to recommend a residual-current device (RCD) also known as a residual current circuit breaker (RCCB), ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI), or residual current operated circuit-breaker with integral over-current protection (RCBO), which will cut off the supply of electricity to the appliance if the currents in the two poles of the supply are not equal and opposite.

Class 0I
Electrical installations where the chassis is connected to earth with a separate terminal, instead of via the mains cable. In effect this provides the same automatic disconnection as Class I, for equipment that otherwise would be Class 0.

Class II

A Class II or double insulated electrical appliance uses reinforced protective insulation in addition to basic insulation. Hence, it has been designed in such a way that it does not require a safety connection to electrical earth (ground).

The basic requirement is that no single failure can result in dangerous voltage becoming exposed so that it might cause an electric shock and that this is achieved without relying on an earthed metal casing. This is usually achieved at least in part by having at least two layers of insulating material between live parts and the user, or by using reinforced insulation.

In Europe, a double insulated appliance must be labelled Class II or double insulated or bear the double insulation symbol: ⧈ (a square inside another square). As such, the appliance should not be connected to an earth conductor because the high-impedance casing will cause only low-fault currents that are unable to trigger the fusible cut-out.

Insulated AC/DC power supplies (such as cell-phone chargers) are typically designated as Class II, meaning that the DC output wires are isolated from the AC input. The designation "Class II" should not be confused with the designation "Class 2", as the latter is unrelated to insulation (it originates from standard UL 1310, setting limits on maximum output voltage/current/power).

Class IIFE

These devices have a Functional Earth "FE". This differs from a protective earth ground in that it does not offer shock protection from a hazardous voltage. However, it does help to mitigate electromagnetic noise or EMI. This is often important in Audio and Medical design. Note as they also include double insulation it means that users will not be able to come into contact with any live parts.

Class III

A Class III appliance is designed to be supplied from a separated extra-low voltage (SELV) power source. The voltage from a SELV supply is low enough such that under normal conditions a person can safely come into contact with an energized conductor without risk of electrical shock. The additional safety features required by Class I and Class II appliances are therefore not required. Specifically, Class III appliances are designed without an earth conductor and should not be connected to the earth grounding of the SELV power source. For medical devices, compliance with Class III is not considered sufficient protection, and furthermore, stringent regulations apply to such equipment.

The Class III label does not guarantee a device's safety in any aspect other than electrical shock. Even at low voltages, abusive or unintended use (such as disassembly or incorrect installation ) may still yield dangerous outcomes. Although there should be no risk of receiving an electrical shock from Class III appliances, other electrical hazards (such as overheating and fire) must still be considered. For instance, a laptop or mobile phone might qualify as a Class III appliance if it is charged via an external SELV adapter, even though the onboard battery could pose a fire risk.

title: Appliance classes


text: Category:Politics of Belarus

title: Category:Politics of Belarus


text: User talk:68.9.156.41

title: User talk:68.9.156.41


text:
Df (Unix)

df (abbreviation for disk free) is a standard Unix command used to display the amount of available disk space for file systems on which the invoking user has appropriate read access. df is typically implemented using the statfs or statvfs system calls.

History
df for Unix-like systems is part of the X/Open Portability Guide since issue 2 of 1987. It was inherited into the first version of POSIX and the Single Unix Specification. It first appeared in Version 1 AT&T Unix.

The version of df bundled in GNU coreutils was written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Paul Eggert. The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities.

Usage
The Single UNIX Specification specifications for df are: df [-k] [-P|-t] [-del] [file...]

 * -k
 * Use 1024-byte units, instead of the default 512-byte units, when writing space figures.

 * -P
 * Use a standard, portable, output format

 * file
 * Write the amount of free space of the file system containing the specified file

Most implementations of df in Unix and Unix-like operating systems include extra options. The BSD and GNU coreutils versions include -h, which lists free space in human readable format displaying units with the appropriate SI prefix (e.g. 10 MB ), -i, which lists inode usage, and -l, restricting display to only local filesystems. GNU df includes -T as well, listing filesystem type information, but the GNU df shows the sizes in 1K blocks by default.

Specification
The Single Unix Specification (SUS) specifies by original space is reported in blocks of 512 bytes, and that at a minimum, the file system names and the amount of free space.

The use of 512-byte units is historical practice and maintains compatibility with ls and other utilities. This does not mandate that the file system itself be based on 512-byte blocks. The -k option was added as a compromise measure. It was agreed by the standard developers that 512 bytes was the best default unit because of its complete historical consistency on System V (versus the mixed 512/1024-byte usage on BSD systems), and that a -k option to switch to 1024-byte units was a good compromise. Users who prefer the more logical 1024-byte quantity can easily alias df to df -k without breaking many historical scripts relying on the 512-byte units.

The output with -P consists of one line of information for each specified file system. These lines are formatted as follows:

In the following list, all quantities expressed in 512-byte units (1024-byte when -k is specified) will be rounded up to the next higher unit. The fields are:

 * The name of the file system, in an implementation-defined format.
 * The name of the file system, in an implementation-defined format.

 * The total size of the file system in 512-byte units. The exact meaning of this figure is implementation-defined, but should include, , plus any space reserved by the system not normally available to a user.
 * The total size of the file system in 512-byte units. The exact meaning of this figure is implementation-defined, but should include, , plus any space reserved by the system not normally available to a user.

 * The total amount of space allocated to existing files in the file system, in 512-byte units.
 * The total amount of space allocated to existing files in the file system, in 512-byte units.

 * The total amount of space available within the file system for the creation of new files by unprivileged users, in 512-byte units. When this figure is less than or equal to zero, it shall not be possible to create any new files on the file system without first deleting others, unless the process has appropriate privileges. The figure written may be less than zero.
 * The total amount of space available within the file system for the creation of new files by unprivileged users, in 512-byte units. When this figure is less than or equal to zero, it shall not be possible to create any new files on the file system without first deleting others, unless the process has appropriate privileges. The figure written may be less than zero.

 * The percentage of the normally available space that is currently allocated to all files on the file system. This shall be calculated using the fraction:
 * expressed as a percentage. This percentage may be greater than 100 if is less than zero. The percentage value shall be expressed as a positive integer, with any fractional result causing it to be rounded to the next highest integer.
 * expressed as a percentage. This percentage may be greater than 100 if is less than zero. The percentage value shall be expressed as a positive integer, with any fractional result causing it to be rounded to the next highest integer.
 * expressed as a percentage. This percentage may be greater than 100 if is less than zero. The percentage value shall be expressed as a positive integer, with any fractional result causing it to be rounded to the next highest integer.

 * The directory below which the file system hierarchy appear
 * The directory below which the file system hierarchy appear

Example
Example outputs of the df command:

Manual pages

 * df — manual page from GNU coreutils
 * The df Command – by The Linux Information Project (LINFO)
 * The df Command – by The Linux Information Project (LINFO)

title: Df (Unix)


text:
User:Kusunose

User:Kusunose is a Japanese computer programmer.

He is mainly working on Japanese Wikipedia, writing articles related to J. R. R. Tolkien's work (including translations from English Wikipedia).

This page is a stub but you are not supposed to be expanding it ;)

&

title: User:Kusunose


text:
Nehru jacket

The Nehru jacket is a hip-length tailored coat for men or women, with a mandarin collar, and with its front modelled on the Indian achkan or sherwani, a garment worn by Jawaharlal Nehru, the prime minister of India from 1947 to 1964.

History
The Nehru jacket is a variation of the Jodhpuri where the material is often khadi (hand-woven cloth). The Jodhpuri itself is an evolution from the Angarkha. Popularized during the terms of Jawaharlal Nehru, these distinct Bandhgalas made from khadi remain popular to this day.

Style
Unlike the achkan, which falls somewhere below the knees of the wearer, the Nehru jacket is shorter. Jawaharlal Nehru, notably, never wore this type of Nehru jacket.

Popularity
The jacket was first marketed as the Nehru jacket in Europe and America in the mid 1960s. It was briefly popular there in the late 1960s and early 1970s, its popularity spurred by the aspirational class' growing awareness of foreign cultures, by the minimalism of the Mod lifestyle and, in particular, by Sammy Davis Jr. and the Beatles. Some were also worn by Roger Delgado's version of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master on the British science fiction television show Doctor Who.

Charles Barron and Mahathir Mohamad are among the politicians who frequently wear Nehru suits.

In 2012, the Nehru jacket was listed among the "Top 10 Political Fashion Statements" by Time magazine.

title: Nehru jacket


text: User talk:217.116.248.4

title: User talk:217.116.248.4


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Noarch (0th nomination)

Reads like, and probably is, a pasted help file for the rpm (Red Hat package maganger) software. "noarch" is just a string that appears in some file names to indicate "no architecture". This "article" is not even about "noarch" in particular; that's just one of many possibilities discussed. Josh Cherry 14:21, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * The source is from an email: http://www.aplawrence.com/Bofcusm/2104.html. "noarch" can be explained in a few words in an article on RPM, it doesn't need a whole article. Delete. Ianb 16:47, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, even emails are copyrighted. Also not an article and unneeded. -- Cyrius|✎ 23:06, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text: User talk:81.86.228.28

title: User talk:81.86.228.28


text:
Talk:Senate

Point of the article
I believe that between the third and the fifth paragraphs, the discussion of the subject focuses a little too much on the United States Senate (or rather, the senate as it exists in the United States). To use the U.S. Senate as an illustrative example is understandable, but I believe it went from an almost unavoidable referrence to overkill. Perhaps it would be the case of toning this down a little and so make it a more general article? I mean, there already is an specific article for the U.S. Senate. Redux 14:21, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Disambig
As a Scot myself, I still don't see why Senator of the College of Justice warrants disambiguation when countless other uses of senate/senator don't. Have I missed something? Fourohfour 11:55, 8 November 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't see why their should be a disambiguation to the US Senate as well. --Sloane 12:11, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

Baker v. Carr
This entire paragraph is incorrect. The Supreme Court did not rule that the Senates of the states must be proportional. They ruled that district lines must be redrawn after every census to give each district a roughly equal number of people living inside them. I promise that there is a difference. While their ruling did affect Senate seats, the major impact of their decisions is seen in House seats (both state and federal). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.209.211.170 (talk) 00:15, 10 December 2006 (UTC). See you do not understand the porols that the Governors,Senators and the Mayors all mso the president have different jobs but are similar. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.87.123.30 (talk) 23:55, 5 December 2007 (UTC)

I think Scots eat bad food and smell like sheep

Ecuador's new referendum
Does Ecuador come under any of the groups, now that it will have a constitutional assembly? Farazars 06:05, 16 April 2007 (UTC)

Question
What if we have an overlapping situation, i.e. a Senate was abolished both in favor of a unicameral system and a new constitution? --PaxEquilibrium 19:07, 28 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Make it a table instead? — Nightstallion 14:42, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Reference section
Why is the reference section in the middle of the page? 24.18.182.201 (talk) 20:25, 14 July 2010 (UTC)

New Zealand
I just added NZ to the countries with abolished senates. I know it was called the "Legislative Council", but it was a senate within the scope of this article. JimBreen (talk) 23:57, 7 January 2009 (UTC)
 * It wasn't a Senate, any more than the Queensland Legislative Council was - this article is specifically about Senates, not second chambers or upper houses. Quiensabe (talk) 21:11, 18 January 2009 (UTC)

In need of technical assistance
Never mind, I figured it out.Agradman (talk) 19:10, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

University sense
Am I missing something? This page seems to deal only with the political sense of the word. What about university senates, where are they? Flapdragon (talk) 23:43, 13 September 2009 (UTC)
 * See Academic senate fishhead64 (talk)

Fiji
Should we not move Fiji to the 'defunct' section? (see Senate (Fiji) and 2013 Constitution of Fiji) Bancki (talk) 10:06, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

Does anyone know when Ecuador's Senate was abolished?
Ecuador did have a Senate once, at least as of the late 19th century (see: "Ecuador: A Handbook"); I believe it was abolished sometime in the 20th century. Does anyone have any more information? Josh (talk) 18:37, 12 November 2014 (UTC)
 * Ecuador had a senate in 1933, according to The British Encyclopedia published that year. I suspect it was dissolved in 1937 - see Constitutional history of Ecuador - but could easily be wrong. NebY (talk) 19:13, 12 November 2014 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Josh (talk) 00:24, 13 November 2014 (UTC)

 * The 1978 constitution of Ecuador established a unicameral legislature. The 1967 constitution still had a Senate. Josh (talk) 00:43, 13 November 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 19 April 2017
I am the senate 109.155.87.125 (talk) 09:58, 19 April 2017 (UTC)
 * —  IVORK  Discuss 10:17, 19 April 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 19 April 2017
69.89.102.189 (talk) 11:19, 19 April 2017 (UTC)

 * it's unclear what changes you want made.  Programming Geek talk to me 13:42, 19 April 2017 (UTC)

External links modified
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title: Talk:Senate


text: Category:Slovenian philosophers

title: Category:Slovenian philosophers


text:
Iynx

In Greek mythology, Iynx (Ἴϋγξ) was an Arcadian Oread nymph; a daughter of the god Pan and Echo. In popular myth, she used an enchantment to cast a spell on Zeus, which caused him to fall in love with Io. In consequence of this, Hera metamorphosed her into the bird called iynx (Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla).

Mythology
Iynx was an Arcadian nymph and the daughter of Pan and Echo, or Peitho. She was the creator of a magical love-charm known as the iynx—a spinning wheel with a wryneck bird attached. Iynx used her enchantments to make Zeus fall in love with her or with the nymph Io. Hera was enraged and transformed her into a wryneck bird.

According to another story, she was a daughter of Pierus, and as she and her sisters had presumed to enter into a musical contest with the Muses, she was changed into the bird iynx. This bird, the symbol of passionate and restless love, was given by Aphrodite to Jason, who, by turning it round and pronouncing certain magic words, excited the love of Medea.

Magic wheel
Iynx toys were small metal or wooden discs rotated by pulling attached strings, in a manner similar to more modern button whirligig toys.

title: Iynx


text:
User:Bobbagum

Hi, I'm Bob. I'm from Thailand; I moved to Melbourne, Australia in 1996 where I began my journey through life, I left Melbourne in 2001 and has since been in Birmingham, England.

Amongst many of my interests, the topics that I'm passionate about are: Automobile, Cooking, Open_source, Photography and Thailand

--Bobbagum 18 Aug 2004

title: User:Bobbagum


text:
Category:Slovenian mathematicians

See also Category:Yugoslav mathematicians

title: Category:Slovenian mathematicians


text:
The Modern Parents

The Modern Parents is a comic strip from the British comic Viz created by John Fardell who both writes and illustrates it. One of the most enduring and frequent strips in Viz, having appeared regularly since the early 1990s, it is a parody of 'ethically aware' middle-class parents and the New Age movement. Similarly to Fardell's other creation, The Critics, it satirises liberal snobbery. On one occasion, the Modern Parents and the Critics appeared in the same strip, each pair mistakenly attending the event intended for the other, though the two strips are generally slightly different in tone and style.

"The Social Affairs Unit's Reverend Peter Mullen has described their parenting style as:

"These creepy, empty-headed trendies have a son who is not merely allowed to do exactly as he likes but in a perfect state of satanic permissiveness is compelled to do as he likes. This is child-abuse of the worst sort. No landmarks. No boundaries. Ultimately, therefore, no understanding of good and bad."

Malcolm and Cressida
Malcolm and Cressida Wright-Pratt (their surname is a pun on 'right pratt', a good description of their personalities) are parents whose obsession with ethical and environmental awareness often works against their basic role as parents to Tarquin and Guinevere. The Modern Parents do not believe in childhood activities such as fairgrounds, fast food restaurants, games, competitions and sports, toys, normal holidays or mainstream school and impose their moral positions on their children and the children of others. They take the moral high-ground because of their ideologies and expect everyone to appreciate their actions, however the two are just as hypocritical as much as they are pretentious (as displayed in one strip when they began a campaign against slavery but then employed unpaid interns to do the work for them).

In the March 2008 issue of Viz they visit Uncle Eddie for his daughter Amy's second birthday party and give their niece an ethical gift, which seems (to Eddie) to be a "donation to an Oxfam-funded goat thingy for a starving African family", but turns out to be a donation to their own "Malcolm and Cressida Ethical Living Awareness Project". Tarquin and Guinevere give her a teddy bear to the dismay of Malcolm and Cressida, who declare it to be "an anthropomorphisation of wild animals", "an attempt to brainwash Amy into keeping pets" and "offensive and oppressive to the Sudanese people" (referring to the contemporary Sudanese teddy bear blasphemy case). They then assume Amy will "at least appreciate our effort to reduce the bear's carbon footprint by putting it in the recycle bin" and snatch it from her.

Both have large upturned noses. Cressida has her hair pulled back in a tight pony-tail and Malcolm has a scruffy beard and incredibly large teeth. Malcolm and Cressida were not originally married as they believed it to be an outmoded and sexist institution that enslaved women. However, they did eventually marry to get their wedding gifts. They had their own pagan ceremony and wrote their own vows ("Do you, Cressida, take Malcolm to be your husband so long as you find it acceptable and convenient?")

Cressida delights in pointing out that, as a woman, she is an oppressed minority while Malcolm frequently claims he has "Sensitive Persons Syndrome". A committed environmentalist, he insists he supports public transport, but cannot use it himself because his Syndrome prevents him from getting on a bus or train and his Volvo "is Scandinavian, so it must be eco-friendly". The pair often identify themselves with ethnic minorities, claiming to have some Celtic heritage or that they were Native Americans in a previous life.

Malcolm and Cressida believe that all humans are equal even to the extent that there is no such thing as immaturity. Tarquin is often greeted by the sight of his parents openly having sexual intercourse (having also previously announced this intention to their children). Each story finds them forcing their children into some new ethically aware activity that ostensibly encourages a policy of togetherness but ends up with Tarquin and Guinevere often escaping to their much more realist Uncle Eddie (Cressida's brother) who supplies them with ice creams and trips to theme parks.

Malcolm has a brother, Oswald, married to Lana (real name Linda), and a neurotic spinster sister, Joy. Oswald and Lana have an extremely snobbish son, Hector James. The family are Conservative and rich, damning the British worker and the foreigner with equal vigour. Malcolm also used to be a keen Young Conservative before meeting Cressida while canvassing. Lured by Cressida into a new world of progressive ideological debate (and sex), Malcolm abandoned his dreams of becoming a future Tory Prime Minister and grew a beard. One episode shows Malcolm's lock-up garage where he keeps a motorbike and a topless women calendar on the wall. He goes for a ride on the bike but is injured by Cressida, who does not know it is him and throws a protest sign at the front wheel, throwing him off. Unconscious, he imagines an alternative reality in which he has an attractive wife and is Prime Minister. Another day Cressida takes two ethically-aware friends for a tour of the house and visits Malcolm's computer den. He is caught in the den playing pornographic computer games such as "Deth Fuck" and "Karate Whores Must Die" whilst leering and salivating wildly.

Cressida's family have made few appearances: her mother and father seem to be separated and her mother appears to drink. When Malcolm left her and Tarquin, Cressida wondered what she was going to do for money until Tarquin pointed out that it was always her father who sent her monthly cheques. However her father had taken a new mistress: since this meant he had no money to give to his daughter, Cressida experimented with prostitution.

An early Viz character, called Mike Smitt, looks similar to the original form of Malcolm. This character is referred to as a patronising git, as all he does is talk to people as if they are stupid, or point out to the whole street that a girl on crutches is disabled and unable to speak up for herself.

Tarquin and Guinevere
Tarquin is the elder child, aged about twelve, often the voice of common sense, a very effective foil to Malcolm & Cressida due to his desire for normality or to make money. His diplomatic ability is a means of resistance to parental authority diametrically opposed to their schemes: he is calculating and methodical in his manipulation of Malcolm & Cressida. He has a rational, scientific worldview that rejects vague ideas about spirituality and seems grounded in evidence and deductive reasoning. As a result, he is very sceptical about ideas such as crystal healing or rebirthing, questioning their rational basis, even asking a practitioner of "Wan-Ki": "Where did you get your diploma, University of Mumbo-Jumbo?" When Malcolm and Cressida take him to a "Whole Self Centre", claiming that he suffers from an "erotic shame complex", Tarquin talks of a workshop about discovering the inner child. He gets the attendees to undress and touch each other, dance, and feel each other's bodies while several smartly dressed businessmen queue and pay to watch through the windows. It's a front for a sleazy peep show. Occasionally a strip would have Tarquin showing little involvement, or none at all in the parents' end. A Christmas themed strip had Tarquin reprimanded for wanting toys for Christmas "when there is so much suffering in the world". Malcolm attempts to make amends by dressing as a "nature spirit", which is foiled when he jumps out in front of a neighbor's child, mistaking him for Tarquin, and is beaten and apprehended by the child's father, having recently heard news of a child molestor in the area. Cressida cancels her plans with Tarquin to sort it out with the police, leaving Tarquin some money for the health foods store. Tarquin uses it to get the toys he wished for, as well as pizza while watching the Christmas day James Bond film.

Despite his female name, Guinevere is a boy. Wanting to avoid gender stereotyping, Malcolm and Cressida occasionally try to make one or both of their sons wear girls' clothes or take "female" roles in some psychobabble ceremony. Guinevere was born during the course of the comic strip and after growing to his current age of about five or six, stopped there. Tarquin appeared to get older in the early years of Modern Parents and in one episode turned thirteen. Guinevere, whose name is usually just shortened to "Guin" by his brother, is largely a passive character, easily upset, his big brother often coming to his rescue. Guinevere's first word was football although Malcolm and Cressida were keen for it to be dolphin.

Other characters
Malcolm and Cressida have many friends, notably Ashley and Cordelia in the Ethically Aware Parents Support Group, who, like them, are middle-class, politically correct and often into various causes. Most of them have children who, without exception, have the same despairing and uncooperative attitude towards their parents as Tarquin and Guinevere. Cressida's brother, Edward – more commonly known as simply Uncle Eddie – acts as a counter-weight to his sister and brother-in-law and treats his two nephews, Tarquin and Guinevere, like normal boys. 'Guest' characters include Dr Earnest Rabbitt (who is firmly opposed to killing animals) and Professor Ruth Lesscow (an extreme women's rights activist). In earlier episodes of the strip, Tarquin had a friend called Ian, of whom his parents clearly disapproved, and once a girlfriend called Dawn, of whom Malcolm and Cressida thought Tarquin was controlling and possessive.

title: The Modern Parents


text:
Sky Witness

Sky Witness is a British pay television channel owned and operated by Sky, a division of Comcast. The channel primarily broadcasts shows from the United States, aimed at the 18–45 age group. An Italian version of Sky Witness, named Sky Investigation, launched on 1 July 2021.

History
Sky Witness's history can be traced back to 1993 when UK Living began broadcasting. The channel was purchased by BSkyB in 2010 and announced on 25 October 2010, that Living would be rebranded as Sky Living in early 2011 to improve their entertainment line-up.

On 8 June 2018, Sky announced that Sky Living would be closed and replaced on 6 August by a new channel Sky Witness, bringing an end to the Living brand after 25 years.

Following the acquisition of Sky by Comcast, which already operated Universal TV, much of the programming previously screened on Universal TV, particularly first-run acquired series, transferred to Sky Witness, allowing Universal to be closed and replaced by Sky Comedy.

Acquired programming

 * Blue Bloods (Moved from Sky Atlantic)
 * Chicago Fire (Moved from 5USA)
 * Chicago Med (Moved from Universal TV)
 * Chicago P.D. (Moved from 5USA)
 * The Cleaning Lady
 * Departure (Moved from Universal TV)
 * The Equalizer
 * FBI
 * FBI: International
 * FBI: Most Wanted
 * Fire Country
 * Law & Order: Organized Crime
 * Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (Moved from Universal TV)
 * The Rookie

Acquired programming

 * Elsbeth (23 July 2024)
 * Matlock (Late 2024)

Sky Witness in Ireland
Sky Witness is also available in Ireland via Sky Ireland and Virgin Media Ireland. The Irish opt-out feed features localised advertising and sponsorship.

The same Sky Witness schedule, shown in both the UK and Ireland, also includes a selection of documentary programming from both the Irish Broadcasters, RTE and TV3/Virgin Media Television Ireland (the Irish broadcaster now owned by the cable TV company of the same name in Ireland, not to be confused with the earlier Flextech version of Virgin Media Television). Also there is some independently produced series, some commissioned directly by Sky, focusing on Ireland's various emergency services, medical, and certain Government of Ireland agencies, such as the Revenue Commissioners. The selection is similar to the genres focusing on other countries equivalent agencies, also shown on Sky Witness.

Sky Investigation
An Italian version of Sky Witness called Sky Investigation launched on 1 July 2021 with programming such as The Equalizer, Unforgettable, The Blacklist, Coroner, Law & Order, Law & Order: SVU, Bull, Private Eyes, Elementary and NCIS.

title: Sky Witness


text:
Talk:Chao Phraya River

Untitled
The chao phraya bit as in nobility rank seems a little inaccurate, phraya is a rank in nobilities all right, and chao refers to nobilities in general but there is no "Chao Phraya" rank that I know of, would anyone care to correct me? also the "River of Kings" is a gimmick name for tourist

 * As this is a wiki you are free to correct whatever you think is wrong. However the fact that Chao Phraya was a rank I have from the book "The Provincial Administration of Siam 1892-1915" by Tej Bunnag, which says in chapter 1:
 * The ranks of the nobility from the bottom upwards were the Khun, Luang, Phra, Phraya, Chao Phraya, and Somdet Chao Phraya. With the rank went a title, which in turn was linked to an office.
 * Sadly that's all I know about those titles, otherwise I would have written an article Nobility in Thailand already :-) andy 17:34, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

My Thai tutor tells me that this title was used in the Ayutthaya period and is now archaic. Perhaps you could mention this in the article to silence your critics (unless you know otherwise). ;-) -- Heron 17:46, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, the title of book suggests that they were still in use during King Chulalongkorns reign, so probably they were no longer used as part of his many reforms. So we can add a "former", that should fit both. andy 15:22, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll leave the article as it is then, the title starts to rings a bells a bit, my mistakes. what about the "River of Kings" though? I feels that should go. --Bobbagum 11:37, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Could we have the pronunciation and (possibly) the meaning of the Thai name? I don't read Thai!

Bathrobe 10:21, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * The meaning of the name is described in the last paragraph. In IPA it's pronunciation is something like mɛ̂ɛ náam câaw phrá? ja (that's what http://www.arts.chula.ac.th/%7Eling/tts/ creates, not sure if it's correct). On Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style (Thailand-related articles) there's some discussion about how to display the pronunciation best, so far no full guideline has been established. andy 11:32, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Etymology
Research has not found that the term Chao Phraya appeared in any historical sources until after the Rattanakosin era. (1782 – 1932)
 * Geographical Notes on Siam, with a New Map of the Lower Part of the Menam River H Parkes - Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1856
 * General report on irrigation and drainage in the lower Menam valley H Van der Heide - Ministry of Agriculture, Bangkok, 1903
 * Obituary: Mr. Holt Hallett MH Hallett - Geographical Journal, 1911 - JSTOR... Among the geographical results was the determination of the courses of various upper branches of the Menam. Returning, Mr. Hallett descended the Meping and Menam to Bangkok. ...
 * Outline of the geology of Siam with reference to petroleum W Lee - AAPG Bulletin, 1927 - search.datapages.com ... Abstract: Weathering and alteration of the rocks are deep. There are three topographic provinces: the drainage basin of MeNam River, the Korat Plateau, and Siamese Malaya. The Paleozoic rocks of the MeNam basin and Siamese Malaya are metamorphic. ...
 * Some phases of land utilization in Siam CC Zimmerman - Geographical Review, 1937 - JSTOR ...THE INDO-CHINESE PENINSULA The peninsula of southeastern Asia falls roughly into four regions: the Malay subpeninsula and the regions drained primarily by three river valleys, the Irrawaddy, the Menam Chao Bhraya (hereafter called the Menam), and the Mekong. ...
 * --Pawyilee (talk) 18:33, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Chao Phraya River


text: File:National Power Unity logo.png

title: File:National Power Unity logo.png