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La Crosse encephalitis

La Crosse encephalitis is an encephalitis caused by an arbovirus (the La Crosse virus) which has a mosquito vector (Ochlerotatus triseriatus synonym    Aedes triseriatus).

La Crosse encephalitis virus (LACV) is one of a group of mosquito-transmitted viruses that can cause encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain. LAC encephalitis is rare; in the United States, about 80–100 LACV disease cases are reported each year, although it is believed to be under-reported due to minimal symptoms experienced by many of those affected.

Signs and symptoms
It takes 5 to 15 days after the bite of an infected mosquito to develop symptoms of LACV disease. Most people infected with the virus do not have symptoms. Symptoms may include nausea, headache, vomiting and fever in milder cases.

Severe disease occurs most commonly in children under the age of 16 and is characterized by, and seizures, coma, paralysis and permanent brain damage and a variety of neurological sequelae after recovery. Death from LAC encephalitis occurs in less than 1% of clinical cases. In many clinical settings, pediatric cases presenting with CNS involvement are routinely screened for herpes simplex or enteroviral causes. Since there is no specific treatment for LAC encephalitis, physicians often do not request the tests required to specifically identify LAC virus, and the cases are reported as aseptic meningitis or viral encephalitis of unknown cause.

As with many infections, the very young, the very old and the immunocompromised are at a higher risk of developing severe symptoms.

Cause
The La Crosse encephalitis virus is a type of arbovirus called a bunyavirus. The Bunyavirales are mainly arboviruses.

Most cases of LAC encephalitis occur in children under 16 years of age. LAC virus is a zoonotic pathogen cycled between the daytime-biting treehole mosquito, Aedes triseriatus, and vertebrate amplifier hosts (chipmunks, tree squirrels) in deciduous forest habitats. The virus is maintained over the winter by transovarial transmission in mosquito eggs. If the female mosquito is infected, she may lay eggs that carry the virus, and the adults coming from those eggs may be able to transmit the virus to chipmunks and to humans.

Anyone bitten by a mosquito in an area where the virus is circulating can get infected with LACV. The risk is highest for people who live, work or recreate in woodland habitats, because of greater exposure to potentially infected mosquitoes.

Prevention
People reduce the chance of getting infected with LACV by preventing mosquito bites. There is no vaccine or preventive drug.

Prevention measures against LACV include reducing exposure to mosquito bites. Use repellent such as DEET and picaridin, while spending time outside, especially at during the daytime - from dawn until dusk. Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes that transmit (LACV) are most active during the day. Wear long sleeves, pants and socks while outdoors. Ensure all screens are in good condition to prevent mosquitoes from entering your home. Aedes triseriatus prefer treeholes to lay eggs in. Also, remove stagnant water such as old tires, birdbaths, flower pots, and barrels.

Treatment
No specific therapy is available at present for La Crosse encephalitis, and management is limited to alleviating the symptoms and balancing fluids and electrolyte levels. Intravenous ribavirin is effective against La Crosse encephalitis virus in the laboratory, and several studies in patients with severe, brain biopsy confirmed, La Crosse encephalitis are ongoing.

In a trial with 15 children being infected with La Crosse viral encephalitis were treated at certain phases with ribavirin (RBV). RBV appeared to be safe at moderate doses. At escalated doses of RBV, adverse events occurred and then the trial was discontinued. Nonetheless, this was the largest study of antiviral treatment for La Crosse encephalitis.

Epidemiology
La Crosse encephalitis was discovered in 1965, after the virus was isolated from stored brain and spinal tissue of a child who died of an unknown infection in La Crosse, Wisconsin in 1960. It occurs in the Appalachian and Midwestern regions of the United States. Recently there has been an increase of cases in the southeastern United States. An explanation to this may be that the mosquito Aedes albopictus is also an efficient vector of La Crosse virus. Aedes albopictus is a species that has entered the US and spread across the SE of the US and replaced Aedes aegypti in most areas (which is not an efficient vector of LAC).

Historically, most cases of LAC encephalitis occur in the upper Midwestern states (Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio). Recently, more cases are being reported from states in the mid-Atlantic (West Virginia, Virginia and North Carolina) and southeastern (Alabama and Mississippi) regions of the country. It has long been suspected that LAC encephalitis has a broader distribution and a higher incidence in the eastern United States, but is under-reported because the causal agent is often not specifically identified.

LAC encephalitis cases occur primarily from late spring through early fall, but in subtropical areas where the mosquito is found (e.g., the Gulf states), rare cases can occur in winter.

According to the CDC, between 2004 and 2013 there were 787 total cases of La Crosse encephalitis and 11 deaths in the U.S.

Looking at the distribution of cases across the United States by state, between 2004 and 2013 the most cases of La Crosse encephalitis was in North Carolina. North Carolina had 184 total cases, followed by Ohio with 178 total cases.

Related conditions
Similar diseases that are spread by mosquitoes include: Western and Eastern equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis and West Nile virus.

title: La Crosse encephalitis


text: User talk:81.103.146.117

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:81.103.146.117


text:
Regions of Korea

Korea has traditionally been divided into a number of unofficial regions that reflect historical, geographical, and dialect boundaries within the Peninsula. Many of the names in the list below overlap or are obsolete today, with Honam, Yeongdong, Yeongnam, and the modern term Sudogwon being the only ones in wide use.

The names of Korea's traditional Eight Provinces are often also used as regional monikers.

title: Regions of Korea


text: Talk:Regions of Korea

title: Talk:Regions of Korea


text:
Dhani Lennevald

John Dhani Lennevald (born 24 July 1984) is a Swedish songwriter, record producer, and formerly a Pop/R&B dancer and singer. He was a member of the Swedish pop band A*Teens from 1998 to 2004, and briefly pursued a solo recording career after the band dissolved.

A-Teens (1998–2004)
In 1998, at the age of 14, Lennevald signed a record deal with Stockholm Records (part of Universal Music Group) along with his then band mates, Sara, Marie, and Amit. Together they performed as the A-Teens. In 1999, they released their first single, a cover of the legendary band ABBA, Mamma Mia. The single topped the charts in Sweden for 8 consecutive weeks and was successful in other countries.

By 2000, the A-Teens' first album, The ABBA Generation had sold 4 million copies and they became one of the most successful Swedish bands around the world.

After 6 years together and more than 9 million albums sold, the A-Teens parted ways after their Greatest Hits album and their final tour together in Sweden.

Solo career
After the A-Teens ended in 2004, Lennevald returned to the studio to write and record new songs. "Girl Talk" is the introduction to Lennevald's solo career.

Lennevald approached the record company with five new songs, just one and a half weeks after the end of the tour. Lennevald created a new sound, assisted by producer Peter Björklund, in which his voice is the prime focus. His first release was the single, "Girl Talk", a kind of tragicomedy about the inability of men to really understand what their girlfriends are trying to say to them.

The video for "Girl Talk", directed by Mikeadelica, was filmed in a sunny Stockholm day, during the middle of August. Also involved in the song and the video were Denmark’s biggest rap artists, Nik & Jay.

"Girl Talk" was released on radio on August 12, 2004 getting high rotation on the most important radio stations in Sweden. The single was released on September 15, 2004 and reached #20 on the Swedish Charts and earned a Gold Certification.

After the release of his single, Lennevald worked as a model, appearing in several fashion magazines and participating in fashion shows in his native Sweden.

In 2005 Lennevald and Universal Music parted ways, and there is no word about another record deal. Also in 2005, a song clip called "Let's Do It Again" leaked on the Internet and Lennevald appeared on shows in Sweden promoting his image and new songs.

Since then, Lennevald has worked as a music producer and songwriter and collaborated with Måns Zelmerlöw, Anton Ewald and Carl Falk.

Personal life
In 2007, Lennevald was reported to be in a relationship with former glamour model Natacha Peyre. In 2008, the couple relocated from Stockholm to Los Angeles.

Dhani returned to Europe by the mid-2010s and Instagram postings of 2021 he began relationship with British singer Alice Chater.

Extended plays

 * 2022: Breaking Habits

Singles

 * 2004: "Girls Talk"
 * 2005: "Let's Do It Again"

Featured in

 * 2015: "Sunset Jesus" (Avicii feat. Gavin DeGraw, John Dhani Lennevald, Mike Posner & Sandro Cavazza)

title: Dhani Lennevald


text:
UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine

The University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine is the largest veterinary school in the United States. Established in 1948, the school is the primary health resource for California's animal populations. In 2020, the school was again ranked first in the United States by U.S. News & World Report and in 2022, ranked second in the world by QS World University Rankings. The school is located in the southwest corner of the main campus of the University of California, Davis. The current dean of veterinary medicine is Dr. Mark Stetter.

The school focuses on students of the professional Doctor of Veterinary Medicine program, the Master of Preventive Veterinary Medicine program, graduate clinical residency programs, and graduate academic MS and PhD programs. The School of Veterinary Medicine provides educational, research, clinical service, and public service programs to advance the health and care of animals, the health of the environment, and public health.

The school addresses the health of all animals, including livestock, poultry, companion animals, captive and free-ranging wildlife, exotic animals, birds, aquatic mammals and fish, and animals used in biological and medical research. The school's expertise also encompasses related human health concerns, such as public health and the concept of One Health.

The school runs 28 research and clinical programs, including clinical referral services; diagnostic testing services; continuing education; extension; and community outreach.

Departments
The school has six academic departments:
 * Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology
 * Molecular Biosciences
 * Medicine and Epidemiology
 * Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology
 * Population Health and Reproduction
 * Surgical and Radiological Sciences

The school switched to a new DVM curriculum starting with the class of 2015. This curriculum had been in development for 5 years. In the new curriculum, 75% of the material is didactic curriculum core material and 25% is elective material. In the first year, students gain a solid understanding of the normal structure, function and homeostasis of animals. Year two is focused on pathophysiology and mechanisms of disease of animals. The third year is aimed at teaching the manifestations of animal diseases including history, diagnosis, therapeutic and prevention strategies. The fourth year is clinical work, which is broken up into nine different tracks from which a student may choose. The tracks are Equine Track, Equine/Small Animal Track, Food Animal Track, Food/Small Animal Track, Large Animal Track, Mixed Animal Track, Small Animal Track, Zoological Track and Individual Track.

Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital
The William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH) at the University of California, Davis — a unit of the School of Veterinary Medicine — is open to the public. Faculty and resident clinicians along with supervised students treat more than 50,000 animals a year, ranging from cats and dogs to horses, cows, and exotic species. The current hospital, along with five support buildings, opened in 1970. The VMTH provides training opportunities and clinical experiences for DVM students and post graduate veterinarian residents. These residents are trained under the faculty's tutelage to be board-certified specialists in one of 34 specialty areas.

Notable programs
The School of Veterinary Medicine was on the forefront of research into the 2007 pet food recalls. Other areas of research include chronic progressive lymphedema in horses and H1N1 influenza.

Under the terms of a memorandum of understanding with the California Department of Fish and Game, the school's Wildlife Health Center administers the Oiled Wildlife Care Network (OWCN) on behalf of the government of California. OWCN directly operates facilities for the cleaning and rehabilitation of oiled wildlife at Cordelia and San Pedro, and in emergencies can also draw upon the resources of 23 participating organizations.

The SeaDoc Society is an affiliated nonprofit with the veterinary school and the schools Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center.

Discoveries and distinctions

 * Leads the nation's 30 accredited veterinary schools and colleges with more than $70 million in annual research funding.
 * Faculty members that have been honored as members of the National Academy of Sciences or National Academy of Medicine include: Roy Doi, Bruce Hammock, Harris Lewin, Jonna Mazet, Stephen Barthold, Patricia Conrad, Tilahun Yilma, Michael Lairmore and Christine Kreuder Johnson.
 * Five faculty members (Terrell Holliday [1998]; Gary P Carlson [2004]; Richard W Nelson [2012]; Bradford Smith [2019]; and Mark D Kittleson [2022]) have received the prestigious Robert W. Kirk Award for Professional Excellence from the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine in recognition of outstanding achievements and dedicated service to the veterinary profession.Robert W. Kirk Award
 * The PREDICT initiative, led by the school's One Health Institute, was awarded $175 million by USAID to help detect and respond to emerging infectious diseases in more than 30 countries worldwide. Infectious disease scientists developed SpillOver open-source web application developed, launched in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic as a virus and host risk assessment tool
 * Pioneered animal DNA Testing, including the discovery of a mutation in gene NKX2-8, that causes spinal dysraphism in dogs and could show clues about neural tube defects in humans, including spina bifida and anencephaly.
 * Pioneered a new mandibular reconstruction procedure. Whiskey, a Munsterlander dog, received mandibular reconstruction after losing his jaw due to a cancerous growth. This new procedure uses a titanium plate in the form of a jawbone which contains a bone growth protein. Over time, the cells proliferate and give rise to an artificial jaw made of material that resembles natural bone.
 * Identified mutations in the genes DLX5, DLX6 and ADAMTS20 that are associated with cleft palate and cleft lips in dogs and humans.
 * Researchers first described simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) in monkeys and feline immunodeficiency viruses (FIV) in cats, which became the earliest animal models for AIDS research.
 * In 1989, the International Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Tropical Disease and virologist Tilahun Yilma developed a genetically engineered vaccine for rinderpest and an inexpensive diagnostic kit designed to be stable under field conditions. In areas of Africa that depend on cattle for meat, milk products, and work, the rinderpest virus has caused famine and economic damage -$500 million in one outbreak of the 1980s.
 * Much of the school's research focuses on identifying, treating, and preventing various diseases in animals. The J-5 vaccine against the E. coli infections that lead to bovine mastitis was formulated as a result of research conducted at UC Davis.
 * Notable discoveries by faculty of the school include feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), taurine deficiency as the cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in domestic cats, and the first genetic cause of a heart disease in domestic cats (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)).

title: UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine


text:
Hypereosinophilic syndrome

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a disease characterized by a persistently elevated eosinophil count (≥ 1500 eosinophils/mm³) in the blood for at least six months without any recognizable cause, with involvement of either the heart, nervous system, or bone marrow.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome can manifest in many different ways from nonspecific symptoms and fatigue to neurological impairment and endomyocardial fibrosis, which may be fatal.

There are three different variants of hypereosinophilic syndrome, myeloproliferative, lymphocytic, and idiopathic.

HES is a diagnosis of exclusion, after clonal eosinophilia (such as FIP1L1-PDGFRA-fusion induced hypereosinophelia and leukemia) and reactive eosinophilia (in response to infection, autoimmune disease, atopy, hypoadrenalism, tropical eosinophilia, or cancer) have been ruled out.

There are some associations with chronic eosinophilic leukemia as it shows similar characteristics and genetic defects. If left untreated, HES is progressive and fatal. It is treated with glucocorticoids such as prednisone. The addition of the monoclonal antibody mepolizumab may reduce the dose of glucocorticoids.

Signs and symptoms
Depending on eosinophil target-organ infiltration, the clinical presentation of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) varies from patient to patient. Individuals with myeloproliferative variant HES may be more likely to experience mucosal ulcerations involving the genitalia or airways, while patients with lymphocytic variant HES typically exhibit prominent skin symptoms such as urticarial plaques, angioedema, and erythroderma. Myeloproliferative variant HES is far more common in men and is typically linked to symptoms more typical of myeloproliferative disorders, including anemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and fibrotic disease (particularly of the heart).

Patients can develop a range of nonspecific symptoms, including fever, diarrhea, rash, angioedema, weakness, exhaustion, coughing, and dyspnea.

The common and non-specific cutaneous manifestations are either erythematous, itchy papules and nodules that resemble eczema, or urticarial and angioedematous lesions. These types of lesions are frequently the main clinical consequence of hypereosinophilia in patients with lymphocytic-HES.

Cardiac involvement typically progresses through three phases. Rarely, the early necrotic stage involving the endo-myocardium manifests as acute heart failure. In most cases, however, there are no symptoms. A thrombotic stage ensues after this one, during which thrombi form in the cardiac chambers along the injured endocardium and may separate, resulting in peripheral emboli. Endomyocardial fibrosis causes irreversible restrictive cardiomyopathy in the final stage of fibrosis, and damage to the atrioventricular valves may cause more acute presentations of congestive heart failure.

Both the peripheral (polyneuropathy) and central (diffuse encephalopathy) nervous systems may be affected by neurological manifestations. Disorientation, memory loss, and altered behavior and cognitive function are the symptoms of diffuse encephalopathy. Symptoms of peripheral neuropathies can include mixed sensory and motor complaints, symmetric or asymmetric sensory alterations, or pure motor deficits. Stroke or brief ischemic episodes can happen after intracardiac thrombi have been embolised peripherally. In certain patients, procoagulant therapy may result in thrombosis of the intracranial veins (lateral sinus and/or longitudinal vein). This condition is linked to persistent hypereosinophilia.

When there are no radiological abnormalities, lung involvement can vary from a persistent dry cough and/or bronchial hyperreactivity to restrictive disease with pulmonary infiltrates. There have been isolated reports of acute respiratory distress syndrome development. Chronic illness may lead to the development of pulmonary fibrosis.

Hematological manifestations include thrombocytopenia, anemia, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Patients may occasionally exhibit mild lymphadenopathy.

HES patients may experience coagulation problems. It is thought that long-term hypereosinophilia may both directly stimulate coagulation and damage the endovascular surface, which would explain peripheral vasculopathy.

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are a few examples of gastrointestinal symptoms. There may be colitis, enterocolitis, or eosinophilic gastritis; if eosinophilic infiltrates affect the intestinal wall's deeper layers, colitis may be linked to ascitis.

Causes
While some HES patients have eosinophilia in conjunction with known myeloid malignancies, others do not have a known malignancy but do have laboratory or bone marrow abnormalities, such as thrombocytopenia, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and eosinophil-related tissue damage and fibrosis, that are frequently associated with myeloproliferative disease. The diagnosis of myeloproliferative HES is made for these individuals.

Eosinophilia in lymphocytic HES is caused by populations of activated T lymphocytes producing more eosinophil hematopoietins, specifically interleukin-5 (IL-5).

Severe eosinophilia with an unknown etiology that manifests in successive generations is known as familial hypereosinophilia syndrome (HES).

Mechanism
It is possible that several mechanisms contribute to the pathophysiology of HES because of the clinical heterogeneity of its patients.

Despite the lack of knowledge regarding the precise mechanism underlying eosinophil-induced tissue damage, eosinophil accumulation seems to have pathological outcomes. Eosinophils cause direct cytotoxicity by releasing harmful substances locally, such as enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, cationic proteins, and factors derived from arachidonic acid. The extent of end-organ damage varies, and the severity of organ damage is frequently unrelated to the degree or duration of eosinophilia.

Diagnosis
Numerous techniques are used to diagnose hypereosinophilic syndrome, of which the most important is blood testing. In HES, the eosinophil count is greater than 1.5 × 109/L. On some smears the eosinophils may appear normal in appearance, but morphologic abnormalities, such as a lowering of granule numbers and size, can be observed. Roughly 50% of patients with HES also have anaemia.

Secondly, various imaging and diagnostic technological methods are utilised to detect defects to the heart and other organs, such as valvular dysfunction and arrhythmias by means of echocardiography. Chest radiographs may indicate pleural effusions and/or fibrosis, and neurological tests such as CT scans can show strokes and increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure.

A proportion of patients have a mutation involving the PDGFRA and FIP1L1 genes on the fourth chromosome, leading to a tyrosine kinase fusion protein. Testing for this mutation is now routine practice, as its presence indicates a likely response to imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Chusid et al. developed empirical diagnostic standards for idiopathic HES in 1975:

Since there isn't a particular diagnostic test for HES, the syndrome is diagnosed by exclusion. Differential diagnosis includes drug hypersensitivity reactions, parasitic infections, sarcoid, advanced HIV infection, inflammatory bowel disease, lymphoid neoplasms, and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.
 * 1) More than 1,500/mL of blood eosinophilia for more than six months in a row, along with hypereosinophilic disease signs and symptoms.
 * 2) Lack of an underlying cause for hypereosinophilia after a full diagnostic assessment.
 * 3) Organ dysfunction or damage as a result of eosinophils' toxic contents being released locally.

Classification
Myeloproliferative HES (M-HES) and lymphocytic HES (L-HES) are the two main categories of HES, along with a few other clearly defined clinical entities.

Treatment
As a first-line treatment for HES patients' symptoms, corticosteroids are recommended. Because high-dose prednisone rapidly lowers eosinophil levels, it is usually started at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day. Upon achieving appropriate control over eosinophilia, the medication can be gradually reduced.

Steroid-refractory HES has been managed with a variety of cytotoxic treatments. Out of all of them, hydroxyurea has been researched the most and has been linked to few side effects at doses as high as 2 g per day.

It has been demonstrated that immunomodulatory drugs, such as interferon-alpha, cyclosporine, and intravenous immunoglobulin, that influence Th2 cytokine production and T cell proliferation can be therapeutically effective in HES.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as the first treatment for HES.

An option for patients who have not responded to conventional treatment regimens is a stem cell transplant.

Outlook
The prognosis for HES was extremely poor when the syndrome was first described; however, due to a variety of factors, including earlier detection of complications, improved surgical management of cardiac and valvular disease, and the use of a wider range of therapeutic molecules to control hypereosinophilia, the prognosis has steadily and significantly improved over time.

Patients without chronic heart failure and those who respond well to pharmaceutical treatments have a good prognosis. However, the mortality rate rises in patients with anaemia, chromosome abnormalities or a very high white blood cell count.

Epidemiology
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) estimated the prevalence of HES at the time of granting orphan drug designation for HES in 2004 at 1.5 in 100,000 people, corresponding to a current case load of about 8,000 in the EU, 5,000 in the U.S., and 2,000 in Japan.

History
In 1968, the term "hypereosinophilic syndrome" was created to group patients who had several closely related conditions that were all marked by persistently elevated peripheral blood eosinophil levels and organ damage from eosinophilic infiltration.

title: Hypereosinophilic syndrome


text:
Talk:Industrial Records

Untitled
This is a great entry, but perhaps a lot of the info would do better at the Throbbing Gristle entry? Twiin 01:34, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Largely promotional, full of personal opinions and unverified, this article does not comply with encyclopedic standards.

 * Derek R Bullamore (talk) 00:09, 10 January 2011 (UTC)

Re-writing
Whoever made this had a good start with the discography, but ruined it with a bull shit entry. I'm going to destroy your hipster-like article of Throbbing Gristle admiration by ironically assimilating it to Wikipedian standards. HAHA FUCKER! Leave the bull shit for you blog or take it up with me personally. Either way, I want this to be the least opinionated as possible with sources and citations rather than speculation and subjective content. Anyone willing to assist, please be my guest.

 * I know I have a copy of the Simon Ford's Wreckers of Civilisation book, but I can't put my hands on it at the moment -- Foetusized (talk) 19:07, 30 December 2011 (UTC)

Logo
The tower of the Bankside Power Station is too high. Everybody can see this. Use google. The logo shows a crematorium in Auschwitz. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 94.134.7.176 (talk) 02:11, 1 February 2012 (UTC)

 * It is most certainly NOT Auschwitz, although everyone seems to assume so, merely because of the Throbbing Gristle's dark image. It is in fact the Tate Modern Art Gallery. 195.240.15.8 (talk) 17:02, 10 October 2023 (UTC)

External links modified
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I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Industrial Records. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20060926104219/http://eastern-europe.archill.net:80/auschwitz_crematorium.jpg to http://eastern-europe.archill.net/auschwitz_crematorium.jpg

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title: Talk:Industrial Records


text:
Alexander Dallas

Alexander Dallas may refer to:

 * Alexander Grant Dallas (1816–1882), British governor of Rupert's Land and Hudson's Bay Company administrator
 * Alexander J. Dallas (statesman) (1759–1817), American Secretary of the Treasury under president James Madison
 * Alexander J. Dallas (United States Navy officer) (1791–1844), U.S. Navy officer (son of the statesman)
 * Alexander Dallas (priest) (1791–1869), Church of England priest founder of the Irish Church Missions to Roman Catholics

title: Alexander Dallas


text:
Embolotherium

Embolotherium (Greek ἐμβωλή, + θηρίον,  "battering ram beast", or "wedge beast") is an extinct genus of brontothere that lived in Mongolia during the late Eocene epoch. It is most easily recognized by a large bony protuberance emanating from the anterior (front) of the skull. This resembles a battering ram, hence the name Embolotherium. The animal is known from about 12 skulls, several jaws, and a variety of other skeletal elements from the Ulan Gochu formation of Inner Mongolia as well as the Ergilin Dzo Formation of Outer Mongolia.

Taxonomy
Several species of Embolotherium have been named, including Embolotherium andrewsi, Embolotherium grangeri, Embolotherium louksi, Embolotherium ultimum, Embolotherium ergilensi, and Embolotherium efremovi. However, only two species, Embolotherium andrewsi and Embolotherium grangeri, appear to be valid. Other supposed species of Embolotherium are probably synonymous with these two species and were originally based on juvenile skulls, poorly preserved fossil material, or specimens that are not significantly different from either E. andrewsi or E. grangeri.

Another genus of brontothere, Titanodectes, which was named for several lower jaws found in the same sedimentary deposits as Embolotherium, probably represents the same beast as Embolotherium grangeri. Protembolotherium is another closely related genus from the Middle Eocene, which is distinguished by a noticeably smaller ram.

Description
Complete skeletons of Embolotherium have not yet been recovered. Based on the size of its skull, up to 94 cm in greatest length, it was estimated to exceed the largest North American brontotheres in size. The latter having an estimated shoulder height of 8 feet and mass of at least 2800 kg. Unlike many of the other Late Eocene brontotheres, there is no clear evidence that Embolotherium was sexually dimorphic. All known specimens have large rams. Therefore, coupled with the fact that the rams were hollow and fragile in comparison to the solid and sturdy horns of the North American brontotheres, such as Megacerops, it does not seem likely that the ram served as a weapon for contests between males. Rather, it might have had a non-sexual function, such as signaling to each other. The ram may have served as a specialized resonator for sound production. This hypothesis is suggested by the fact that the bony nasal cavity extends to the peak of the ram, thus implying that the nasal chamber was greatly elevated, possibly creating a resonating chamber.

title: Embolotherium


text: Category:Taking Back Sunday albums

title: Category:Taking Back Sunday albums


text: User talk:67.161.62.41

title: User talk:67.161.62.41


text:
Worth

Worth may refer to:

United States

 * Worth, Georgia
 * Worth County, Georgia
 * Worth, Illinois
 * Worth Township, Cook County, Illinois
 * Worth Township, Woodford County, Illinois
 * Worth Township, Indiana
 * Worth Township, Michigan
 * Worth, Missouri
 * Worth County, Missouri
 * Worth County, Iowa
 * Worth, New York
 * Worth Township, Butler County, Pennsylvania
 * Worth Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania
 * Worth Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania

United Kingdom

 * Worth, Kent, in Dover district
 * Worth, West Sussex, a civil parish in West Sussex
 * Worth village, West Sussex, a village in Crawley
 * Worth Matravers or short Worth in Dorset

Germany

 * Worth, Schleswig-Holstein

People

 * Adam Worth (1844–1902), German-born American bank robber and mob boss
 * Amy Aldrich Worth (1888–1967), American composer
 * Billie Worth (1916–2016), American stage actress
 * Bobby Worth (1912–2002), American songwriter
 * Brendan Worth, Australian rugby league player
 * Brian Worth (actor) (1914–1978), British actor
 * Charles Frederick Worth (1825–1895), an English-born fashion designer of the 19th century
 * George Worth (1915–2006), American fencer
 * H M Worth, discoverer of Worth syndrome genetic disorder
 * Harry Worth (1917–1989), British comedy actor
 * Helen Worth (born 1951), British actress
 * Irene Worth (1916–2002), American actress
 * Jacob Worth (1838–1905), New York politician
 * James Worth, American politician
 * Jonathan Worth (1802–1869), American politician
 * Marc Worth, British businessman
 * Marvin Worth (1925–1998), American film producer
 * Michael Worth, American actor
 * Nicholas Worth (1937–2007), American actor
 * Richard Worth, New Zealand politician
 * Sandra Worth, Canadian author
 * Valerie Worth (1933–1994), American poet
 * William Worth (1677−1742), Cornish classical scholar
 * William J. Worth (1794–1849), American General
 * William S. Worth (1840–1904), American General

Other uses

 * Net worth
 * Bobs Worth, an Irish racehorse
 * Worth (horse), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
 * Worth (magazine)
 * Worth1000, a website
 * Worth syndrome, genetic disorder
 * Worth, an album released in 1991 by Anything Box
 * Worth School, an independent school in Turners Hill, England, United Kingdom
 * River Worth in Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom
 * Worth Valley (dale), the valley of the River Worth
 * Worth Valley, a council ward of Bradford, West Yorkshire
 * Worth (film), a 2020 biographical film
 * "Worth" (The Walking Dead), an episode of the television series The Walking Dead

title: Worth


text:
Wortham

Wortham may refer to:

Places

 * Wortham, Suffolk, United Kingdom
 * Wortham, Missouri, United States
 * Wortham, Texas, United States
 * Wortham, Lifton, an historic manor in Devon, England

Other uses

 * Wortham (surname)

title: Wortham


text:
User talk:TIM~enwiki

TIM, the King of the World!

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title: User talk:TIM~enwiki


text: User talk:217.44.196.187

title: User talk:217.44.196.187


text: Category:Victory Records albums

title: Category:Victory Records albums


text:
User:Kalamatee

Hi!

Well this is just a quick page for now. Im a 'Just passed 30' computer programmer/engineer whose main passion in life is AROS - The Amiga research operating System. I have a young son called Kyel who is the star in my life =).

title: User:Kalamatee


text:
Korean dialects

A number of Korean dialects are spoken on the Korean Peninsula. The peninsula is very mountainous and each dialect's "territory" corresponds closely to the natural boundaries between different geographical regions of Korea. Most of the dialects are named for one of the traditional Eight Provinces of Korea. Two are sufficiently distinct from the others to be considered separate languages, the Jeju and the Yukjin languages.

Dialect areas
[[File:Korean prosodemes.svg|thumb|upright|Distribution of tone and length in Korean dialects:

]]

Korea is a mountainous country, and this could be the main reason why Korean is divided into numerous small local dialects. There are few clear demarcations, so dialect classification is necessarily to some extent arbitrary and based on the traditional provinces. A common classification, originally introduced by Shinpei Ogura in 1944 and adjusted by later authors, identifies six dialect areas:
 * Hamgyŏng (Northeastern)
 * Spoken in the Hamgyong Province (Kwanbuk and Kwannam) region, the northeast corner of Pyongan Province, and the Ryanggang Province of North Korea as well as Jilin, Heilongjiang of Northeast China; Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan of former Soviet Union. Nine vowels: the eight of the standard language plus ö.

 * Pyongan (Northwestern)
 * Spoken in Pyongyang, Pyongan Province, Chagang Province, and neighboring Liaoning, of China. The basis of the alleged standard language for North Korea.

 * Central dialects
 * The central dialect refers to a dialect generally used in the surrounding areas of Hwanghae Province, Gangwon Province (Kangwon Province), and Chungcheong Province, centering on Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Depending on scholars, it is divided into the Gyeonggi dialect (Central dialect) and Chungcheong dialect from the beginning, or subdivided into Gyeonggi dialect, Gangwon dialect, Hwanghae dialect, and Chungcheong dialect. The central dialect region is very large, so it is not easy to extract features common to all regions. Among its characteristics, it is more difficult to extract the unique characteristics of the central dialect. For example, which dialect has an intonation as a phonological list is very important in the dialect compartment. Most of the central dialects do not have intonations, but they have intonations in Yeongdong, Gangwon Province, as well as Pyeongchang, Jeongseon, and Yeongwol, the surrounding Yeongseo regions. In the case of vocabulary, the difference is so severe that we do not know how many pieces the central dialect will be divided into. Therefore, the characteristics of the central dialect, which correspond to all regions of the central dialect region, are extremely rare, and if there is such a feature, it is easy to be found in other dialects rather than just the central dialect. Therefore, it may be close to the fact that it is the central dialect that combines the remaining dialects except for other dialects where distinct characteristics are observed, rather than having a specific phenomenon observed only in the central dialect. Since the central dialect consists of sub-dialects that are more heterogeneous than other dialects, it is more likely to be divided into several sub-dialects than any other dialect. Usually, it seems that it can be divided into five sub-dialects.
 * Gyeonggi dialect, also called the "Seoul dialect": spoken in the Gyeonggi Province, Seoul and Incheon cities, as well as in Kaesong, Kaepung and Changpung (North Korea). The basis of the standard language for South Korea. Although it is often called Gyeonggi dialect by combining Gyeonggi dialect and Seoul dialect, Seoul has been the capital of Joseon for more than 500 years, so the Seoul dialect is often classified separately because the royal language is permeated. And, it is sometimes called the Gyeonggi dialect by combining the Gyeonggi dialect and the Yeongseo dialect.
 * Chungcheong dialect: spoken in the Chungcheong Province (Hoseo) region of South Korea, including the metropolitan city of Daejeon. The dialect of Chungcheong Province is a dialect with the most elements of the Jeolla dialect among the Central dialects, and can also be divided into the other. Some parts of South Chungcheong Province, including Daejeon and Sejong, are classified as southern dialects such as the Jeolla and Gyeongsang dialects.
 * Yeongseo dialect: spoken in Yeongseo, Gangwon Province (South Korea) and neighboring Kangwon Province (North Korea) to the west of the Taebaek Mountains. Yeongseo is quite distinct from the Yeongdong dialect to the east of the mountains. Unlike the Yeongdong dialect, the Yeongseo dialect has not been studied much because it is almost similar to the Gyeonggi dialect, and scholars often see it as just a part of Gyeonggi dialect.
 * Yeongdong dialect: spoken in Yeongdong, Gangwon Province (South Korea) and neighboring Kangwon Province (North Korea) to the east of the Taebaek Mountains. Yeongdong is quite distinct from the Central Korean dialects to the west of the mountains. There are many elements of the Gyeongsang dialect, and sometimes the Hamgyŏng dialect is mixed, and it has many characteristics that are not present in the rest of the Central dialect.
 * Hwanghae dialect: spoken in Hwanghae Province of North Korea. The Hwanghae dialect is a dialect with the most elements of the Pyongan dialect among the Central dialects, and can also be divided into the other. Hwanghae dialect was commonly included among the Central dialects, but some researchers argue that it does not fit there comfortably. Because the division between South Korea and North Korea has prolonged, the Hwanghae dialect has been strongly influenced by the Pyongan dialect, and now more and more people see it as a sub-dialect of the Pyongan dialect, not the Central dialect.
 * In any case, the central dialect can be said to be a dialect that can vary in various areas of the dialect depending on the criteria for the dialect compartment. For example, Hwanghae, Gyeonggi, Gangwon and Chungcheong are usually grouped together as the Central dialect region. But, many view that only Hwanghae, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon dialects are included in the central dialect, while Chungcheong dialect is considered as separate dialect.

 * Gyeongsang (Southeastern)
 * Spoken in Gyeongsang Province (Yeongnam) of South Korea, including the cities of Busan, Daegu and Ulsan. This dialect is easily distinguished from the Seoul dialect because its pitch is more varied. Six vowels, i, e, a, eo, o, u.

 * Jeolla (Southwestern)
 * Spoken in the Jeolla Province (Honam) region of South Korea, including the city of Gwangju. Ten vowels: i, e, ae, a, ü, ö, u, o, eu, eo.

 * Jeju
 * Spoken on Jeju Island off the southwest coast of South Korea and is sometimes considered a separate Koreanic language. The nine vowels of Middle Korean, including arae-a (ɔ). May have additional consonants as well.

Several linguists have suggested that a further dialect area should be split from the Northeastern dialects:
 * Ryukchin (Yukchin)
 * Spoken in the historical Yukchin region which is located in the northern part of North Hamgyong Province, far removed from P'yŏng'an, but has more in common with P'yŏng'an dialects than with the surrounding Hamgyŏng dialects. Since it has been isolated from the major changes of Korean language, it has preserved distinct features of Middle Korean. It is the only known tonal Korean language.

A recent statistical analysis of these dialects suggests that the hierarchical structure within these dialects are highly uncertain, meaning that there is no quantitative evidence to support a family-tree-like relationship among them.

Some researchers classify the Korean dialects in Western and Eastern dialects. Compared with Middle Korean, the Western dialects have preserved long vowels, while the Eastern dialects have preserved tones or pitch accent. The Jeju language and some dialects in North Korean make no distinction between vowel length or tone. But the Southeastern dialect and the Northeastern dialect may not be closely related to each other genealogically.

Standard language
Korean is a pluricentric language: Despite North–South differences in the Korean language, the two standards are still broadly intelligible. One notable feature within the divergence is the North's lack of anglicisms and other foreign borrowings due to isolationism and self-reliance—pure/invented Korean words are used in replacement.
 * In South Korea, Standard Korean (Pyojun-eo) is defined by the National Institute of the Korean Language as "the modern speech of Seoul widely used by the well-cultivated". It is very similar to Incheon, most of Gyeonggi and the western part of Gangwon (Yeongseo region).
 * In North Korea, the adopting proclamation stated that the Pyongan dialect spoken in the capital of Pyongyang and its surroundings should be the basis for the North Korean standard language (Munhwaŏ, 'cultured language'). In practice, it remains "firmly rooted" in the Gyeonggi dialect, which had been the national standard for centuries, but includes some northern dialect words.

Usage of regional dialects have been decreasing in both North and South due to social factors. In North Korea, the central government is urging its citizens to use the northern standard language to prevent the use of foul language by the people: Kim Jong Un said in a speech "if your language in life is cultural and polite, you can achieve harmony and comradely unity among people." In South Korea, due to relocation in the population to Seoul to find jobs and the usage of standard language in education and media, the prevalence of regional dialects has decreased. The standard is also commonly used among younger Koreans nationwide and in online contexts. It is the form most widely taught internationally, and has received a further boost from the increasing popularity of K-pop.

Outside of the Korean peninsula
Koryo-mar, based on Hamgyong and Ryukchin dialects, is spoken by the Koryo-saram, ethnic Koreans in the post-Soviet states of Central Asia. It consists of a Korean base vocabulary, but takes many loanwords and calques from Russian language.

Sakhalin Korean Language (사할린 한국어), usually identified as a descendant of the southern dialect, is spoken by the Sakhalin Korean.

Hamgyŏng
Rasŏn, most of Hamgyŏng region, northeast P'yŏngan, Ryanggang Province (North Korea), Jilin (China).
 * Koreans who have heard the Hamgyŏng dialect describe it as similar in tone to the Gyeongsang and southern Yeongdong dialects.
 * It is also the most spoken dialect by North Korean defectors in South Korea, as about 80% of them are from Hamgyŏng Province.
 * Koryo-mar, the moribund variety of Korean spoken mainly by elderly Koryo-saram in Central Asia and Russia, is descended from the Northern Hamgyong Dialect, as well as the Yukchin Dialect.
 * Honorific
 * Ordinary way of speaking (near Hamhung, Hyesan)
 * The vowel 'ㅔ(e)' is changed to 'ㅓ(eo)'.
 * example: "Your daughter has come."
 * When calling a superior person, always put the ending '요(yo)' after the noun.
 * example: "Grandpa, come quickly."

 * The ending '-니까(-nikka)' is changed to '-길래(-gilrae)'.
 * example: "Come early because you have to cultivate the field."

P'yŏngan
P'yŏngan region, P'yŏngyang, Chagang, northern North Hamgyŏng (North Korea), Liaoning (China)
 * It is also the North Korean dialect best known to South Koreans. However, North Korean defectors also claim that South Koreans have less accurate knowledge of the dialect due to the long division.
 * Honorific
 * Ordinary way of speaking
 * The vowel 'ㅕ(yeo)' is changed to'ㅔ(e)'.
 * example: armpit
 * If a Sino-Korean word is preceded by a 'ㄹ(r)' pronunciation, it is pronounced as 'ㄴ(n)'. At the same time, if 'ㄹ(r)' is followed by a diphthong containing the [j] sound, the [j] sound is dropped and pronounced as a short vowel.
 * In the front part of the pure vocabulary of Middle Korean, [nj] changed to [j] in the Seoul dialect, which changed to [n] in this dialect.
 * example: 1) Summer 2) Seven 3) Trend
 * When representing the past, there is a dropout phenomenon of 'ㅆ(ss/tt)'.
 * example: "I brought this."

Hwanghae
Hwanghae region (North Korea). Also in the Islands of Yeonpyeongdo, Baengnyeongdo and Daecheongdo in Ongjin County of Incheon.
 * Some North Korean scholars, such as Kim Byung-je, do not recognize this distinction and consider the West-North and Gyeonggi dialects to be spoken in the region.
 * It is known that dialects are spoken that share characteristics of neighboring regional dialects. It is mainly known to have characteristics of both Gyeonggi and Pyeongan dialects.
 * Honorific
 * Ordinary way of speaking
 * Many of the vowels are pronounced as 'ㅣ(i)'.
 * example: habit
 * '네(ne)' is used as a questionable form.
 * example: "Did you eat?"

Areas in Northwest Hwanghae, such as Ongjin County in Hwanghae Province, pronounced 'ㅈ' (j'), originally pronounced the letter more closely to tz. However, this has largely disappeared. The rest is almost similar to the Gyeonggi and Pyongan dialect.
 * '-누만(-numan)' is often used as an exclamation sentence.
 * example: "It got a lot colder"

Gyeonggi
Seoul, Incheon, Gyeonggi region (South Korea), as well as Kaeseong, Gaepoong and Changpung in North Korea.
 * Seoul dialect, which was the basis of Pyojuneo, is a subdialect of Gyeonggi dialect.
 * About 70% of all Seoul dialect vocabulary has been adopted as Pyojuneo, and only about 10% out of 30% of Seoul dialect vocabulary that has not been adopted in Pyojuneo have been used so far.
 * Gyeonggi dialect is the least existential dialect in South Korea, and most people do not know that Gyeonggi dialect itself exists. So, Gyeonggi-do residents say they only use standard language, and many people know the language spoken by Gyeonggi-do residents as standard language in other regions.
 * Recently, young people have come to realize that there is a dialect in Seoul as they are exposed to the Seoul dialect through media such as YouTube.
 * Among the Gyeonggi dialects, the best known dialect along with Seoul dialect is Suwon dialect. The dialects of Suwon and its surrounding areas are quite different from those of northern Gyeonggi Province and surrounding areas of Seoul.
 * In some areas of the southern part of Gyeonggi Province, which is close to Chungcheong Province, such as Pyeongtaek and Anseong, it is also included in the Chungcheong dialect area. Local residents living in these areas also admit that they speak Chungcheong dialect.
 * Traditionally, coastal areas of Gyeonggi, particularly Incheon, Ganghwa, Ongjin and Gimpo have been recorded to have some influence from the dialects of Hwanghae and Chungcheong, due to historic intermixing with the two regions, as well as geographical proximity. This old influence, however, has largely died out among most middle aged and younger locals from the region.
 * Originally, northern Gyeonggi Province, including Seoul, received influence from Northern dialects (Areas of Kaeseong along the Ryesong River, or Ganghwa Island, received an especially high amount of influence from the Hwanghae dialect), while southern Gyeonggi Province was influenced from Chungcheong dialect. However, as a result of the prolonged division and the large number of migrants from Chungcheong Province and Jeolla Province to Seoul, the current way of speaking in Gyeonggi has been greatly influenced by Chungcheong and Jeolla.

 * Honorific
 * Ordinary way of speaking
 * The vowel 'ㅏ(a)' is changed to 'ㅓ(eo)', and 'ㅓ(eo)' is changed to 'ㅡ(eu)'.
 * example: 1) "It hurts." 2) "It's dirty"
 * The vowel 'ㅏ(a)' and 'ㅓ(eo)' are sometimes changed to 'ㅐ(ae)'.
 * example: 1) Sesame oil 2) "You look like a fool."

 * The vowel 'ㅗ(o)' is mainly changed to 'ㅜ(u)'.
 * example: 1) "What are you doing?" 2) uncle
 * Dialects of Suwon and its surrounding areas.
 * The ending '~거야(geoya)' ends briefly with '~거(geo)'
 * example: "Where will you go?"

Gangwon
Yeongseo (Gangwon (South Korea)/Kangwŏn (North Korea) west of the Taebaek Mountains), Yeongdong (Gangwon (South Korea)/Kangwŏn (North Korea), east of the Taebaek Mountains)
 * Gangwon Province is divided between Yeongseo and Yeongdong due to the Taebaek Mountains, so even if it is the same Gangwon Province, there is a significant difference in dialect between the two regions.
 * In the case of the Yeongseo dialect, the accent is slightly different from the dialect of Gyeonggi Province, but most of the vocabulary is similar to the dialect of Gyeonggi Province.
 * Unlike the Yeongseo dialect, Yeongdong dialect has a tone, such as Hamgyeong dialect and Gyeongsang dialect.
 * Gangwon dialect is the least spoken dialect of all dialects in South Korea except Jeju.
 * Honorific
 * Ordinary way of speaking
 * There are pronunciations, such as 'ㆉ(yoi)' and 'ㆌ(yui)', that you cannot hear in most regions of Korea.
 * The vowel 'ㅠ(yu)' is changed to 'ㅟ(wi)' or 'ㆌ(yui)'.
 * example: Vacation
 * Use '나(na)' a lot in questionable form.
 * example: "What are you doing lately?"

Chungcheong
Daejeon, Sejong, Chungcheong region (South Korea)
 * Chungcheong dialect is considered to be the softest dialect to hear among all dialects of Korean.
 * Chungcheong dialect is one of the most recognized dialects in South Korea, along with Jeolla dialect and Gyeongsang dialect.
 * Chungcheong dialect was the most commonly used dialect by aristocrats(Yangban) during the Joseon dynasty, along with dialects in northern Gyeongsang Province.
 * In the case of Chungcheong dialect, it is a dialect belonging to the central dialect along with Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Hwanghae dialects, but some scholars view it as a separate dialect separated from the central dialect. In addition, some scholars classify southern Chungcheong dialect regions such as Daejeon, Sejong, and Gongju as the southern dialect such as Jeolla and Gyeongsang dialects.
 * Honorific
 * Ordinary way of speaking
 * The vowel 'ㅑ(ya)' that comes to the ending is changed to 'ㅕ(yeo)'.
 * example: 1) "What are you talking about?" 2) "What are you doing?"
 * 'ㅔ(e)' is mainly changed to 'ㅣ(i)', and 'ㅐ(ae)' is mainly changed to 'ㅑ(ya)' or 'ㅕ(yeo)'.
 * example: 1) "He/She/They said he/she/they put it outside." 2) "Would you like to eat this?" 3) "Okay."

 * The ending '겠(gett)' is mainly pronounced as '겄(geott)', and the ending'까(kka)' is mainly pronounced as '께(kke)'.
 * example: "I've put it all away, so it'll be okay."

The rest is almost similar to the Gyeonggi dialect.

Jeolla
Gwangju, Jeolla region (South Korea)
 * Jeolla dialect is a dialect that feels rough along with Gyeongsang dialect. Especially it is well known for its swearing.
 * Jeolla dialect speakers, along with Gyeongsang dialect speakers, have high self-esteem in their local dialects.
 * Many Jeolla dialect speakers can be found not only in Jeolla Province but also in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, because Jeolla Province itself was alienated from development, so many Jeolla residents came to Seoul and Gyeonggi Province.
 * Much of Northern Jeolla, especially in areas close to Southern Chungcheong like Jeonju, Gunsan and Wanju have traditionally had weaker accents compared to the south, and in some cases, might be more closer to the Chungcheong dialect in terms of vocabulary and intonation.
 * Honorific
 * Ordinary way of speaking
 * The vowel 'ㅢ(ui)' is pronounced as 'ㅡ(eu)'.
 * example: Doctor
 * The ending '지(ji)' is pronounced as '제(je)'.
 * example: "That's right."

Famously, natives of Southern Jeolla pronounce certain combinations of vowels in Korean more softly, or omit the latter vowel entirely. However, in the case of '모대(modae)', it is also observed in South Chungcheong Province and some areas of southern Gyeonggi Province close to South Chungcheong Province.
 * Use a lot of '잉(ing)' at the end of words.
 * example: "It's really pretty."

The rest is almost similar to the Chungcheong dialect.

Gyeongsang
Busan, Daegu, Ulsan, Gyeongsang region (South Korea)
 * Gyeongsang dialect is the best known dialect of all South Korean dialects. This is known not only by Koreans but also by foreigners interested in Korean culture.
 * Gyeongsang dialect is also known as the most rough and macho-like dialect of all South Korean dialects.
 * Gyeongsang dialect has a tone like Hamgyeong dialect and Yeongdong dialect.
 * Gyeongsang dialect is the most common dialect in dramas among all Korean dialects except for Gyeonggi dialect.
 * Honorific
 * Ordinary way of speaking
 * In question, '노(no)' and '나(na)' are mainly used. Use '나(na)' when asking for a short answer, and '노(no)' when asking for a specific answer.
 * example: 1) "Have you eaten?" 2) "What did you eat?"
 * When talking, the sentence often ends with '~다 아이가(~da aiga)'.
 * example: "You said so."
 * '~하다(~hada)' is pronounced as '~카다(~kada)'.
 * example: "Why are you doing that?"

The rest is almost similar to the Jeolla dialect.

Jeju
Jeju Island/Province (South Korea); sometimes classified as a separate language in the Koreanic language family

example: Hangul
 * Pyojuneo: 한글 (Hangul)
 * Jeju: ᄒᆞᆫ글 (Hongul)

 * Honorific

title: Korean dialects


text:
Idyllwild Arts Foundation

Idyllwild Arts Foundation encompasses two institutions in Idyllwild, California for training in the arts: Idyllwild Arts Academy (IAA) and the Idyllwild Arts Summer Program. The institution was formerly known as Idyllwild School of Music and the Arts (ISOMATA).

The Idyllwild Arts Foundation is in the San Jacinto Mountains above Palm Springs, California in the San Bernardino National Forest, at an elevation of 5100 ft, and is a 2-hour drive from Los Angeles, 2 hours from San Diego and 1 hour from Palm Springs.

History
Idyllwild Arts Foundation was founded by Dr. Max Krone and his wife, Beatrice. They established the Idyllwild Arts Foundation in 1946 and purchased land in the San Jacinto Mountains on which to build. In 1950, approximately one hundred adult students began attending summer classes in the arts.

Over the years, summer activities have continued to grow, expanding to include programs for children of all ages, a Family Camp, Metals Week, Native American Arts Festival, and the Chamber Music Festival. Classes in music, dance, theatre, visual arts, film, writing, and Native American arts are offered to students from age 5 to adult. Each year over 1800 adults and children attend Idyllwild Arts Summer Program courses. Norman Corwin, Ansel Adams, Herbert Zipper, Marguerite N. Clapp, Mark Wilke, Bella Lewitzky, Fritz Scholder, Maria Martinez, Lucy Lewis, Pete Seeger, and Meredith Willson taught courses there in the summer.

In 1964, the school was given to the University of Southern California (USC) under the terms of an agreement with the Idyllwild Arts Foundation. In 1983, the Foundation exercised its option to resume independent management and resumed sole ownership of the school. In 1985, the first independent boarding high school for the arts in the western United States, the Idyllwild Arts Academy, was established.

Idyllwild Arts Academy
Idyllwild Arts Academy, the boarding school, offers a college preparatory program for grades 9–12 and post-graduates, with training in music, theater, dance, visual art, creative writing, film, and interdisciplinary arts. An audition or portfolio is required for admission.

Idyllwild Arts Summer Program
The Idyllwild Arts Summer Program which began in the summer of 1950, includes more than 95 workshops. These are taught by professional artist-teachers, in dance, music, theatre, visual arts, creative writing, poetry, filmmaking, and Native Arts.

The program for young people features a Children's Center whose participants range in age from 5 to 12 and who select classes and workshops in a variety of arts including multi-arts, dance, piano, theatre, visual arts, poetry, and journal writing.

Junior Artist's Center (ages 11–13) and Youth Arts Center (ages 13–18) offer courses to accommodate a broad range of skill levels and a wide variety of art experiences. Music opportunities include musical theatre, piano classes, jazz workshops, two bands, two orchestras, and chamber music. Visual artists can select courses from introductory art exploration to ceramics, advanced painting and drawing, jewelry, photography, computer animation, mixed media, and video production. Writers can take poetry, fiction, and playwriting workshops. Dancers participate in ballet, jazz, and modern. Actors may take up to six weeks of Theatre Festival workshops, each of which includes a major performance.

Each year, Idyllwild Arts provides financial aid for young people with limited financial resources: twenty-five percent of young people who participate in an arts workshop are awarded financial aid totaling approximately $500,000.

Part of the program involves theme-related workshops, seminars, and performances featuring artists, poets, and musicians. Programs include: Native American Arts, Metals Week & the Chamber Music Festival.

The culmination of the Summer Program is celebrated with a concert by the Festival Choir, Festival Wind Ensemble, and the Festival Orchestra. In previous years this concert ended with a performance of Meredith Willson's "In Idyllwild" by the combined ensembles.

title: Idyllwild Arts Foundation


text:
User:Pappy~enwiki

just me

http://www.pappy.de

title: User:Pappy~enwiki


text: Category:Matador Records albums

title: Category:Matador Records albums


text:
User talk:Kalamatee

Comments; AROS pages
I'll have to have a look at AROS.. although all of my Amiga coding was on the hardware-bashing side of the fence, about all I ever did with the AmigaOS was disabling multitasking at the start of a demo and re-enabling it at the end. :-) —Stormie 01:51, Aug 12, 2004 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Wanderer (AROS)
A tag has been placed on Wanderer (AROS) requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. TrulyBlue (talk) 10:19, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

Speedy deletion of Wanderer (AROS)
A tag has been placed on Wanderer (AROS) requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding  to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact one of these admins to request that a copy be emailed to you. TrulyBlue (talk) 12:08, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

June 2008
Welcome to Wikipedia. It might not have been your intention, but you removed a speedy deletion tag from a page you have created yourself. If you do not believe the page should be deleted, you can place a tag on the page, under the existing speedy deletion tag (please do not remove the speedy deletion tag), and make your case on the page's. Administrators will look at your reasoning before deciding what to do with the page. TrulyBlue (talk) 12:09, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kalamatee


text:
The Misfortune Cookie

"The Misfortune Cookie" is the third segment of the fourteenth episode of the first season of the television series The Twilight Zone. In this segment, a restaurant critic discovers a Chinese restaurant where the fortune cookies have fortunes which come true.

Plot
Harry Folger is a food critic for a major newspaper. Restaurants live or die by his reviews, which often use gratuitously nasty prose in order to draw more readers. Spiting journalistic integrity, Harry usually only visits the restaurants he pans so that he can collect their matchbooks and display them as tombstones in a graveyard scene at his office.

Harry visits a new Chinese restaurant called "Mr. Lee's Chinese Cuisine", orders a massive amount of food and then immediately asks for the check without eating. Assuming Harry was displeased with the food, the owner Mr. Lee apologizes, tells Harry the meal is free, and presents him with a fortune cookie. The fortune reads "A grand reward awaits you just around the corner."

As Harry walks past an alley, a thief knocks him down and drops $100,000 in diamonds before running away. The grateful jewelry store owner gives Harry $1,000 as a reward. Realizing the fortune cookies are magical, Harry returns for more. When Mr. Lee complains that customers canceled their reservations because of his review, Harry promises to write a more favorable re-review if he is allowed to have a table. After again not touching his food, he receives a fortune that says "April arrives today, bringing romance." As it is September, Harry storms out, intending to go back on his promise. On the way to his office, he meets a woman asking for directions. He shows her the way and asks her out to dinner. She introduces herself as April Hamilton.

Harry takes her out to Mr. Lee's. Harry, again, does not eat any food despite April telling him how good it is. As the two get fortune cookies, April's fortune says that she will soon recognize a grievous error in judgment, while Harry's fortune says "You're going to die." Outraged, Harry threatens Mr. Lee and causes a scene. Disconcerted, April leaves. As he exits the restaurant, Harry is overcome with massive hunger pangs. He finds that he is on a street of Chinese restaurants that were not there before. He wanders into one restaurant and is served dozens of plates of food, but is unable to satisfy his hunger. As he continues to endlessly eat, he receives a fortune cookie that says "You're dead.", and realizes he is now experiencing his own personal hell: being served endless plates of Chinese food which will never satisfy his eternal hunger.

As the episode closes, Harry's graveyard scene is shown. A tombstone with Harry's name on it has been added.

Closing narration
"Check please, for Mr. Harry Folger. For whom the phrase "dim sum" is not merely a description, but a damnation. A man who finds himself sitting down to a single, never-ending course of just desserts, prepared for him in the kitchens...of The Twilight Zone."

Origin
The script is very closely based on the short story of the same name by Charles E. Fritch and published in 1970 in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, later collected in 100 Great Science Fiction Short Short Stories edited by Isaac Asimov. In the story, rather than meeting April Hamilton, Harry meets an old friend named Cynthia Peters; despite that both are married, they soon fall into a torrid affair, in part due to their mutual love of Chinese food. Harry eventually is found out and finds Cynthia's husband and his own wife both pointing guns at him, but makes a narrow escape into the Chinese restaurant, where, as in the episode, the food never fills him up and the fortune cookies all tell him that he is dead.

title: The Misfortune Cookie