text:
Hobbit (disambiguation)

A Hobbit is a fictional creature created by the author J. R. R. Tolkien.

Hobbit or The Hobbit may also refer to:
 * The Hobbit, a 1937 novel by J. R. R. Tolkien

Films

 * The Hobbit (1967 film), short Czech animation
 * The Hobbit (1977 film), animated made-for-TV film
 * The Hobbit (1985 film), film shot in USSR
 * The Hobbit (film series), a three-part film adaptation of the novel The Hobbit
 * The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012), the first film in The Hobbit trilogy
 * The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013), the second film in The Hobbit trilogy
 * The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014), the third film in The Hobbit trilogy

Video games

 * The Hobbit (1982 video game), an adventure game
 * The Hobbit (2003 video game), a platform game
 * Lego The Hobbit (video game), a Lego action-adventure game

Television

 * Hobitit, a Finnish Television series based on The Lord of the Rings

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

 * Adaptations of The Hobbit
 * Music of The Hobbit film series, soundtracks by Howard Shore
 * "The Hobbit" (South Park), a 2013 episode of South Park

Brands and enterprises

 * Hobbit, a brand of cookies manufactured by Bahlsen
 * Honda PA50 or Honda Hobbit, a moped
 * The Hobbit, Southampton, a pub

Computing

 * Hobbit (computer), a Soviet home computer, based on the ZX Spectrum
 * Hobbit (software) or Xymon
 * AT&T Hobbit, an experimental microprocessor design

Science

 * Hobbit (hominid) or Homo floresiensis, hominid fossils discovered in Flores, Indonesia
 * Syconycteris hobbit or moss-forest blossom bat

Other uses

 * Hobbit (unit), a unit of volume or weight formerly used in Wales
 * Hobbit (word), a Folklore creature (class of spirit) of North England

title: Hobbit (disambiguation)


text:
Goliath (disambiguation)

Goliath was a giant famous for his battle with David as described in the Hebrew Bible.

Goliath may also refer to:

People with the name

 * Matumona Lundala (born 1972), an Angolan football player nicknamed "Goliath"
 * Matt Parkinson (comedian), one of the Chasers on The Chase Australia nicknamed "Goliath"

Fictional characters

 * Goliath (Amalgam Comics), a fictional Amalgam Comics superhero
 * Goliath (comics), any of a number of characters
 * Goliath (Dungeons & Dragons), a race related to the giants in the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game
 * Goliath (fictional dog), a character in the stop-motion cartoon series Davey and Goliath
 * Goliath (Gargoyles), a character in the animated television series Gargoyles (TV series)

Literature

 * Goliath (Alten novel), by Steve Alten, 2002
 * Goliath (graphic novel), a short fictional book by Tom Gauld
 * Goliath (Westerfeld novel), by Scott Westerfeld, 2011
 * Goliath (Onyebuchi novel), science fiction novel by Tochi Onyebuchi
 * Goliath, a 15th-century fechtbuch (combat manual) by an anonymous author
 * Goliath: Life and Loathing in Greater Israel, a 2013 nonfiction book by Max Blumenthal

Films

 * Goliath, a 2008 film directed by David Zellner
 * Goliath (film), a 2019 film directed by Luke Villemaire
 * Goliath II, a 1960 short animated comedy film by Disney, about a tiny elephant

Music

 * Goliath (Butcher Babies album), 2013
 * Goliath (Kellermensch album), 2017
 * Goliath (Steve Taylor album), 2014, or the title song
 * "Goliath", a song by the Mars Volta from their 2008 album The Bedlam in Goliath
 * "Goliath", a song by The Silent League
 * Goliath Artists, a talent firm that manages musicians

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

 * Goliath (TV series), a 2016 television series produced by Amazon Studios
 * Goliath (website), a business directory owned by Thomson Gale publishers

Biology

 * Goliath, a cultivar of Magnolia grandiflora
 * Atlantic goliath grouper, a species of fish found in the Atlantic Ocean
 * Eurycnema goliath, a species of stick insect found in Australia
 * Goliath birdeater, largest spider in the world native to the rain forest regions of northern South America
 * Goliath coucal, a cuckoo endemic to Indonesia
 * Goliath frog, an African frog of genus Conraua
 * Goliath heron, a very large wading bird found in sub-Saharan Africa, with smaller numbers in Southwest and South Asia
 * Goliath imperial pigeon, a bird endemic to New Caledonia
 * Goliath shrew, a mammal
 * Goliathus or Goliath beetle, a genus of large insects
 * Pacific goliath grouper, a species of fish found in the Pacific Ocean
 * Goliath tiger fish

Roller coasters

 * Goliath (La Ronde), a hypercoaster in Montreal, Québec, Canada
 * Goliath (Six Flags Great America), a wooden roller coaster in Gurnee, Illinois
 * Goliath (Six Flags Fiesta Texas), an inverted roller coaster in San Antonio, Texas
 * Goliath (Six Flags Magic Mountain), a hypercoaster located in California, United States
 * Goliath (Six Flags New England), an inverted boomerang roller coaster located near Springfield, Massachusetts, United States
 * Goliath (Six Flags Over Georgia), a hypercoaster located in Georgia, United States
 * Goliath (Walibi Holland), a roller coaster in Biddinghuizen, Netherlands
 * Magic Flyer, a roller coaster at Six Flags Magic Mountain formerly named Goliath Jr.

Technology and transport

 * Goliath (company), a German car brand of the Borgward group
 * Goliath (locomotive), one of the four South Devon Railway Tornado class steam locomotives
 * Goliath (Mangalia), a crane in Mangalia, Romania
 * Goliath (Rosyth), a crane in Rosyth Dockyard, Scotland
 * Goliath, one of Erickson Air-Crane's Sikorsky S-64 Skycrane heavy-lift helicopters
 * Farman F.60 Goliath, the first long-distance passenger airliner
 * Goliath tracked mine, a remote-controlled tracked explosive device used by the German Army during World War II
 * Goliath transmitter, a VLF-transmitter of the German Navy in World War II
 * HMS Goliath, the name of several British Royal Navy ships
 * LVT(U)X2 Goliath, late 1950s US Navy amphibious tracked utility landing craft, manufactured by Pacific Car and Foundry
 * Samson and Goliath (cranes), twin shipbuilding gantry cranes in Queen's Island, Belfast, Northern Ireland
 * USS Goliath, a U.S. monitor also called USS Catskill (1862)

Other uses

 * Goliath (betting), a type of bet covering eight selections
 * Goliath, a traditionally craft-brewed ale produced by the UK Wychwood Brewery
 * Goliath Books, a publisher of art and photography books
 * Goliath language, a Papuan language of West Papua

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Goliath (disambiguation)


text:
Monogenetic volcanic field

A monogenetic volcanic field is a type of volcanic field consisting of a group of small monogenetic volcanoes, each of which erupts only once, as opposed to polygenetic volcanoes, which erupt repeatedly over a period of time. The small monogenetic volcanoes of these fields are the most common subaerial volcanic landform.

Many monogenetic volcanoes are cinder cones, often with lava flows, such as Parícutin in the Michoacán-Guanajuato volcanic field, which erupted from 1943 to 1952. Some monogenetic volcanoes are small lava shields, such as Rangitoto Island in the Auckland volcanic field. Other monogenetic volcanoes are tuff rings or maars. A monogenetic field typically contains between ten and a hundred volcanoes. The Michoacán-Guanajuato field in Mexico contains more than a thousand volcanoes and is exceptionally large.

Monogenetic fields occur only where the magma supply to the volcano is low or where vents are not close enough or large enough to develop plumbing systems for continuous feeding of magma. Monogenetic volcanic fields can provide snapshots of the underlying region beneath the surface, and may be useful in studying the generation of magma and the composition of the mantle since the single eruption produced would match that of the chamber from which it erupted. The magma supplying such fields is thought to have rapidly ascended from its source region, with only short resident times (decades or less) in shallow magma chambers.

Examples

 * Auckland volcanic field, underlying much of the city of Auckland, New Zealand
 * Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field, east-central British Columbia, Canada
 * Honolulu Volcanic Series, Hawaii, United States
 * Boring Lava Field, in and near Portland, Oregon, United States
 * Michoacán-Guanajuato volcanic field (includes El Jorullo and Parícutin), Michoacán, Mexico
 * Vulkan Eifel, Germany
 * Chaîne des Puys, France
 * La Garrotxa Volcanic Field (also known as the Olot Volcanic Field), Spain
 * Carrán-Los Venados, Chile
 * North and north-eastern area of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
 * Southern Volcanic Zone of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
 * Newer Volcanics Province, southeastern Australia
 * Kachchh volcanic plugs, Gujarat, India
 * Maahunui Volcanic System, Canterbury Basin, New Zealand
 * Cat Hills volcanic field in New Mexico, United States
 * Cumbre Vieja ridge, La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain

title: Monogenetic volcanic field


text:
Alberto Calderón

Alberto Pedro Calderón (September 14, 1920 – April 16, 1998) was an Argentine mathematician. His name is associated with the University of Buenos Aires, but first and foremost with the University of Chicago, where Calderón and his mentor, the analyst Antoni Zygmund, developed the theory of singular integral operators. This created the "Chicago School of (hard) Analysis" (sometimes simply known as the "Calderón-Zygmund School").

Calderón's work ranged over a wide variety of topics: from singular integral operators to partial differential equations, from interpolation theory to Cauchy integrals on Lipschitz curves, from ergodic theory to inverse problems in electrical prospection. Calderón's work has also had a powerful impact on practical applications including signal processing, geophysics, and tomography.

Early life and education
Alberto Pedro Calderón was born on September 14, 1920, in Mendoza, Argentina, to Don Pedro Calderón, a physician (urologist), and Haydée. He had several siblings, including a younger brother, Calixto Pedro Calderón, also a mathematician. His father encouraged his mathematical studies. After his mother's unexpected death when he was twelve, he spent two years at the Montana Knabeninstitut, a boys' boarding school near Zürich in Switzerland, where he was mentored by Save Bercovici, who interested him in mathematics. He then completed his high school studies in Mendoza.

Persuaded by his father that he could not make a living as a mathematician, he entered the University of Buenos Aires, where he studied engineering. After graduating in civil engineering in 1947, he got a job in the research laboratory of the geophysical division of the state-owned oil company, the YPF (Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales).

Research
While still working at YPF, Calderón became acquainted with the mathematicians at the University of Buenos Aires: Julio Rey Pastor, the first professor in the Institute of Mathematics, his assistant Alberto González Domínguez (who became his mentor and friend), Luis Santaló and Manuel Balanzat. At the YPF Lab Calderón studied the possibility of determining the conductivity of a body by making electrical measurements at the boundary; he did not publish his results until 1980, in his short Brazilian paper. see also On an inverse boundary value problem and the Commentary by Gunther Uhlmann. It pioneered a new area of mathematical research in inverse problems.

Calderón then took up a post at the University of Buenos Aires. Antoni Zygmund of the University of Chicago, arrived there in 1948 at the invitation of Alberto González Domínguez and Calderón was assigned as his assistant. Zygmund invited Calderón to work with him, and in 1949 Calderón arrived in Chicago with a Rockefeller Fellowship. He was encouraged by Marshall Stone to obtain a doctorate, and with three recently published papers as dissertation, Calderón obtained his PhD in mathematics under Zygmund's supervision in 1950.

The collaboration reached fruition in the Calderón-Zygmund theory of singular integrals, and lasted more than three decades. The memoir of 1952 was influential for the Chicago School of hard analysis. The Calderón-Zygmund decomposition lemma, invented to prove the weak-type continuity of singular integrals of integrable functions, became a standard tool in analysis and probability theory. The Calderón-Zygmund Seminar at the University of Chicago ran for decades.

Calderón contributed to the theory of differential equations, with his proof of uniqueness in the Cauchy problem using algebras of singular integral operators, his reduction of elliptic boundary value problems to singular integral equations on the boundary (the "method of the Calderón projector"), and the role played by algebras of singular integrals, through the work of Calderón's student R. Seeley, in the initial proof of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem, see also the Commentary by Paul Malliavin. The development of pseudo-differential operators by Kohn-Nirenberg and Hörmander also owed much to Calderón and his collaborators, R. Vaillancourt and J. Alvarez-Alonso.

Also, Calderón insisted that the focus should be on algebras of singular integral operators with non-smooth kernels to solve actual problems arising in physics and engineering, where lack of smoothness is a natural feature. It led to what is now known as the "Calderón program", with major parts: Calderón's study of the Cauchy integral on Lipschitz curves, and his proof of the boundedness of the "first commutator". These papers stimulated research by other mathematicians in the following decades; see also the later paper by the Calderón brothers and the Commentary by Y. Meyer.

Work by Calderón in interpolation theory opened up a new area of research, see also the Commentary by Charles Fefferman and Elias M. Stein, and in ergodic theory, his basic paper (see also the Commentary by Donald L. Burkholder, and ) formulated a transference principle that reduced the proof of maximal inequalities for abstract dynamical systems to the case of the dynamical system on the integers, on the reals or, more generally, on the acting group.

Career
In his academic career, Calderón taught at many different universities, but primarily at the University of Chicago and the University of Buenos Aires. Calderón together with his mentor and collaborator Zygmund, maintained close ties with Argentina and Spain, and through their doctoral students and their visits, strongly influenced the development of mathematics in these countries.

 * 1947 - 1950 Rockefeller Foundation Fellow, University of Chicago
 * 1950 - 1953 Visiting Associate Professor, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
 * 1953 - 1955 Member, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey
 * 1955 - 1959 Associate Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 * 1959 - 1968 Professor, University of Chicago
 * 1968 - 1972, Louis Block Professor of Mathematics, University of Chicago
 * 1972 - 1975 Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 * 1975 - 1985, University Professor of Mathematics, University of Chicago
 * 1975 - death, Honorary Professor, University of Buenos Aires

He was also visiting professor at universities including the University of Buenos Aires, Cornell University, Stanford University, National University of Bogotá, Colombia, Collège de France, Paris, University of Paris (Sorbonne), Autónoma and Complutense Universities, Madrid, University of Rome and Göttingen University.

Awards and honors
Calderón was recognized internationally for his outstanding contributions to Mathematics as attested to by his numerous prizes and membership in various academies. He gave many invited addresses to universities and learned societies. In particular he addressed the International Congress of Mathematicians: a) as invited lecturer in Moscow in 1966 and b) as plenary lecturer in Helsinki in 1978. The Instituto Argentino de Matemática (I.A.M.), based in Buenos Aires, a prime research center of the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), now honors Alberto Calderón by bearing his name: Instituto Argentino de Matemática Alberto Calderón. In 2007, the Inverse Problems International Association (IPIA) instituted the Calderón Prize, named in honor of Alberto P. Calderón, and awarded to a "researcher who has made distinguished contributions to the field of inverse problems broadly defined".

Academies

 * 1958 Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
 * 1959 Correspondent Member, National Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * 1968 Member, National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A.
 * 1970 Correspondent Member, Royal Academy of Sciences, Madrid, Spain
 * 1983 Member, Latin American Academy of Sciences, Caracas, Venezuela
 * 1984 Member, National Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * 1984 Foreign Associate, Institut de France, Paris, France
 * 1984 Member, Third World Academy of Sciences, Trieste, Italy

Prizes

 * 1969 Latin American Prize in Mathematics, awarded by IPCLAR (Instituto para la Promoción de las Ciencias, Letras y Realizaciones), Santa Fe, Argentina
 * 1979 Bôcher Memorial Prize, awarded by the American Mathematical Society
 * 1983 Konex Award (Science and Technology), Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * 1989 Premio de Consagración Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * 1989 Wolf Prize, awarded by the Wolf Foundation, Jerusalem, Israel
 * 1989 Steele Prize, awarded by the American Mathematical Society
 * 1991 National Medal of Science, Washington D.C., U.S.A.

Honorary degrees

 * 1969 Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * 1989 Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa, Technion, Haifa, Israel
 * 1995 Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
 * 1997 Doctor Honoris Causa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain

Selected papers

 * 1) . This is one of the key papers on singular integral operators.
 * 2) Calderón, A. P. (1963): "Boundary value problems for elliptic equations", Outlines for the Joint Soviet - American Symposium on Partial Differential Equations, Novosibirsk, pp. 303–304.
 * 3) Calderón, A. P. (1980): "Commutators, Singular Integrals on Lipschitz curves and Applications", Proc. Internat. Congress of Math. 1978, Helsinki, pp. 85–96.
 * 1) Calderón, A. P. (1980): "Commutators, Singular Integrals on Lipschitz curves and Applications", Proc. Internat. Congress of Math. 1978, Helsinki, pp. 85–96.
 * 1) Calderón, A. P. (1980): "Commutators, Singular Integrals on Lipschitz curves and Applications", Proc. Internat. Congress of Math. 1978, Helsinki, pp. 85–96.

title: Alberto Calderón


text: File:DioramaBattleOftheBulge.jpg

title: File:DioramaBattleOftheBulge.jpg


text:
Natalie Appleton

Natalie Jane Appleton Howlett (born 14 May 1973) is a Canadian singer. She is a member of the British girl group All Saints and the duo Appleton with her younger sister Nicole Appleton.

Appleton joined All Saints in 1996, becoming the fourth and final member of the group, but five years later they split up amid group in-fighting. She went on to form a duo with her younger sister Nicole under the name Appleton. Since then, she has reunited to release three more albums with All Saints, in 2006, 2016 and 2018.

Career
In 1983, Appleton moved to London and attended the Sylvia Young Theatre School. She had a brief cameo in an episode of Grange Hill in 1986.

1996–2001: All Saints
Appleton's father met Melanie Blatt, with whom Nicole had attended the Sylvia Young Theatre School, and heard that Blatt was looking for new members for her girl group. Nicole asked whether her sister could join the group as well. In 1996 both sisters joined Blatt and Shaznay Lewis, forming All Saints. In 2000, Natalie and Nicole appeared in the poorly received film Honest. All Saints split acrimoniously in 2001 amid much foment and rumour. In their five-year career, the group scored a total of five number-one singles.

2002–2005: Appleton and television
Natalie and Nicole formed the duo Appleton and launched their first single "Fantasy" in September 2002 which features Natalie doing a stage dive. Initially, it was to be Nicole doing the stage dive, but she backed out at the last minute, and thus Natalie took her place. The album Everything's Eventual was released in early 2003 and coincided with the documentary Appleton on Appleton which gave an inside look into the life of the sisters. In November 2004, Appleton was a contestant on the fourth series of I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!. While on the show the public voted for her numerous times to take part in bushtucker trials, she was not very successful in completing the challenges and left after the public voted for her to do what would have been a record fifth bushtucker trial.

2006–present: All Saints return
From 2006 to 2008 All Saints reunited and released their third studio album titled Studio 1 on 13 November 2006. However, the group subsequently split again in 2009.

In 2014, All Saints reformed to support the Backstreet Boys for five dates across the UK and Ireland. On 27 January 2016, it was confirmed that All Saints were scheduled to release their fourth studio album Red Flag on 8 April 2016. The lead single from the album, "One Strike", preceded the album on 26 February 2016.

In 2023, Appleton competed on the fourth series of The Masked Singer as "Fawn" and finished in third place.

Early and personal life
Nicole and Natalie have two older sisters, Lori and Lee. Natalie was born in Mississauga, Ontario, to Jewish parents Mary and Kenneth Appleton. While growing up she lived in Toronto, New York City, and London.

She attended high school in Ellenville, New York, and eventually left to sing at a Borscht Belt country club at age 15. In 1990, she moved back to Camden, London, where she met Carl Robinson (born c. 1967), a stripper with the Dreamboys whom she met when seeing them perform on a night out in London when she was 17. On 19 May 1992, their daughter Rachel Appleton (now Rachel Howlett) was born. She and Robinson moved to New York where they married in 1993, before Appleton returned to the United Kingdom after having the marriage annulled.

She had relationships with television presenter Jamie Theakston and actor Jonny Lee Miller during the late 1990s.

Appleton began dating Liam Howlett of the electronic band the Prodigy in 2000, after they met at V Festival. They married on 7 June 2002 in a ceremony in France. In addition to Appleton's daughter from her first marriage, the couple have a son, Ace Billy Howlett, born 2 March 2004. As of 2014, the family lived in the Hampstead area of London.

title: Natalie Appleton


text:
Nicole Appleton

Nicole Marie Appleton (born 7 December 1974) is a Canadian-British singer and television presenter. She is a member of the British girl group All Saints and the pop duo Appleton with her elder sister Natalie Appleton.

Early life
Appleton was born in Hamilton, Ontario, to Jewish parents Mary and Kenneth Appleton. She is the youngest of four daughters. She has three older sisters; Lori, Lee, and Natalie. While growing up she lived in Toronto, New York City, and London.

1996–2001: Career with All Saints
In 1996 Appleton and her sister Natalie Appleton became the third and fourth members of the group All Saints, formed by Melanie Blatt and Shaznay Lewis. All Saints released their debut single "I Know Where It's At" in 1997 via London Records and reached number four on the UK Singles Chart. Their second single Never Ever was released in November 1997, and introduced the group to international success, reaching the top ten in several countries as well as peaking at number one in the United Kingdom and Australia. It sold over 1.2 million copies in the UK and was eventually certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry. In 1998 the group won two BRIT Awards for "Best British Single" and "Best British Video", both for Never Ever. They released their debut album All Saints in November 1997, it reached number two in the UK and was certified five-times platinum by the BPI for sales of 1.5 million. The third single from the album was the double A-side "Under the Bridge / Lady Marmalade", which became their second UK number-one single. "Bootie Call", the fourth single, also went to number one, and the silver-certified "War of Nerves", the fifth and final release, peaked at number seven. The album achieved success in countries such as Australia, Canada and the United States, where All Saints was certified platinum by the RIAA for sales of one million and produced two top forty singles on the Billboard Hot 100: "I Know Where It's At" and "Never Ever".

In February 2000 they released the single "Pure Shores" for the soundtrack of the film The Beach (starring Leonardo DiCaprio). "Pure Shores" was their fourth number-one single in the UK and the second best-selling single of 2000, with 600,000 copies sold; it also became their first and only number-one single in Ireland and was a substantial hit across Europe and Australia. In October 2000, All Saints released the single "Black Coffee", which became their fifth and final number-one single in the UK, selling 200,000 copies. Also in 2000, Nicole and her sister both appeared in the film Honest. This preceded their second studio album, Saints & Sinners, which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, eventually reaching double-platinum certification in the UK for sales of 600,000 copies. The second and final single was "All Hooked Up" in January 2001, which peaked at number seven. In February 2001, All Saints announced that they were to take a break so that they "could clear the air between themselves". In November 2001, London Records released a greatest hits compilation entitled All Hits and disband.

2002–2005: Career with Appleton
In September 2002, Nicole and her sister Natalie launched themselves back onto the music scene, with their first single "Fantasy" written with Andy Hayman and Gareth Young reaching No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart. Their autobiography, Together, came out in October 2002. In 2003, they had two more hits with "Don't Worry" and "Everything Eventually" and the album, Everything's Eventual which went gold in the UK after just two months. They decided to sign a deal with Concept Music in late 2004 because of differences with their previous label, Polydor.

2006–present: All Saints reunion and television
On 24 January 2006, it was announced that the group had reformed and signed a record deal with Parlophone. They subsequently began work on their third studio album, Studio 1. The first single, "Rock Steady" (released in November 2006), reached number three on the UK Singles Chart. Studio 1 entered the albums chart at number forty and sold 60,000 copies according to the BPI, being certified silver. From 2007 to 2010 Nicole has been a host of the TV show The Hot Desk. She is also the host of Cover Me Canada, a Canadian reality singing competition that debuted on CBC Television in 2011.

In 2014, All Saints reformed to support the Backstreet Boys for five dates across the UK and Ireland in 2014. On 27 January 2016, it was confirmed that All Saints will release their fourth studio album Red Flag on 8 April 2016. The lead single from the album, "One Strike", preceded the album on 28 February 2016.

Personal life
On 7 December 1997, Appleton met Robbie Williams while filming Top of the Pops. A relationship began, and they were subsequently engaged. In an autobiography she co-authored with her sister Natalie, Appleton later revealed that she aborted her and Williams' baby after pressure from her record company. Their relationship ended in January 1999.

In 2000, Appleton started a relationship with Liam Gallagher, the frontman of the group Oasis. She gave birth to their son, Gene Gallagher, on 2 July 2001. Gallagher recorded the song "Songbird" as a token of his love for Appleton. The couple married at Marylebone Town Hall in London on the morning of 14 February 2008.

In April 2014, the couple divorced after the media revealed Liam Gallagher was expecting a child with journalist and The New York Times freelancer Liza Ghorbani.

In March 2020, Appleton announced she had given birth to a daughter named Skipper with her boyfriend Stephen Haines. Appleton and Haines married in October 2021.

title: Nicole Appleton


text:
Yellow Bank

Yellow Bank, Yellow Banks, or Yellowbanks may refer to:

 * Yellow Bank, Brasil
 * Yellow Bank, Indiana
 * Yellow Bank Township, Minnesota
 * Yellow Bank River in Minnesota and South Dakota
 * Yellow Banks, Kentucky
 * Yellowbanks, Indiana, an unincorporated community
 * Yellowbanks, the James Alfred Roosevelt Estate, in New York
 * Yellowbanks, Indiana- an unincorporated community and campground/recreational center

title: Yellow Bank


text:
Talk:Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 31 January 2019 and 16 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Coco2596.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 17:15, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
Quaker Valley Middle School is doing this play in sewickley, PA, Next weekend (March's second weekend)!!! 147.72.81.53 14:38, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

"The book was filmed as Willie Wanka and the Chocolate Factory, but Dahl never enjoyed the experience of creating the film and vowed not to allow further film versions of his work." -- The Article

Which source states this? I ask because the film was released in 1971 which would mean that Roald Dahl had made the comment sometime around then, however The BFG was turned into a movie in 1989 1 year before his death.

It's quite possible Roald Dahl changed his mind in the 9 years, but I thought I should bring some attention to it, because obviously he changed his mind later ;) --John Lynch 09:53, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Well it's been over a month and no-one was able to offer any proof so I deleted it. If anyone can offer any proof that he said it (a reference or something) then free to put it back, but until that happens I recommend it be left out as the facts suggest that he didn't say it.

 * Perhaps this BBC news articleon the film is enough proof of Dahl's hatred of the original 1971 movie. --KindredPhantom (talk) 14:51, 6 January 2009 (UTC)v吧v吧

Redirect
Why does Chocolate factory redirect here, and not the R. Kelly album which is ACTUALLY called "Chocolate Factory"? 90.198.66.113 (talk) 13:52, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

Book revision - Oompa Loompa ethnicity change
If the book wasn't revised until 1973, who authorized the screenplay in 1970-71 that portrays the Oompa Loompas as round, colorful fantasy creatures? I think the article seems to contradict itself by not clarifying. Reading the article at face value, I would have assumed the movie adaptation in 1971 was true to the original text of the book since the book wasn't revised until 1973.

I think that an encyclopedia article on this book should definitely mention the fact that it had portions re-written and re-illustrated for the 1973 edition that changed the Oompa Loompas from African pygmies to figures with "rosy white skin" from Loompaland.

Article with before/after illustrations under movie fact #11

Paper written on the Oompa Loompa change for a Childrens Literature class

Twelve letters discussing the book, including one from Roald Dahl

 * I agree, I actually came to the page from another article looking for just that information!--Fluxaviator 09:31, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

I have added a very brief description of the changes in the 1973 edition in the new book revisions section, feel free to expand on it. Here is the link Eleanor Cameron criticisms in a long essay on children’s literature, along with the response from Roald Dahl.--Fluxaviator 21:08, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

-The Oompa Loompa ethnicity has a lot of relevance to me as a reader. For more than 9 years, me and my family actually owned (and continue to own) a copy of the first edition of the book where the Oompa Loompas are shown as black people. My brother's copy showed them as the fuzzy people they later gained fame as. We got them simultaneously from a second-hand book sale and I was bewildered (I was in third grade) as to the differences in illustration. I just concluded at that tender age that it was a misprint of the illustrations from another book, a pretty stupid one, as I look back on it, but of course, I was young. Later on, with my increased studies in post-colonial writing and race theory, I began to suspect that the difference in illustrations had something to do with a racial controversy that called for a change in the drawings of the Oompa Loompas. It was only a guess to me though, so I couldnt be conclusive as to that theory. Only recently, as I read about the movie and the book on Wikipedia, were my suspicions confirmed. Now as I look back on it, the idea of owning the original controversial copy begins to seem somewhat fascinating, yet very insidious and almost creepy. But my love for the book (one of my favourites as a child) has never diminished. But I probably wont read exactly in the same way anymore, and I'll probably get a chill down my spine the next time I look at my old "beloved" copy. I mean racism, especially in a children's book, isnt a very pleasant idea. -User: Afghan Historian

 * Racism or foreign aid? I think Dahl was indicating the latter. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 64.122.208.51 (talk) 15:38, 24 January 2007 (UTC).

 * Why is it racist? Because it mentions black pigmies that work in a factory? Why is that racist? They're not slaves or anything.... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.129.158.228 (talk) 19:57, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

 * It's racist because of the way it portrays the relative roles of different races as masters (all white) and subservients (all black). And Wonka presumably runs the factory and "employs" them (I guess they live and work on-site, 24/7) because it's profitable for him to. He gains from their work. Very generous "aid" indeed. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.96.164.105 (talk) 11:18, 8 March 2008 (UTC)
 * ....and in return they are given housing and food. They can leave if they want, and according to the book and films, even have health care. I would say that's pretty damn generous employment. Not even Mr. Lister's Koromon survived intact. 00:05, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

The idea that its not slavery...well i hope that was a joke. From what i remember from the movie, they came from a "horrible" place and were "rescued" by wonka so they could work in the factory (probably in exchange for food and shelter) that sounds like something a guy says to justify slavery. It's not like they just admitted that it was wrong back when they did it, they told themselves (and other probably) that they were saving the people by taking them away from a savage land full of canabalism and barbarism. Honestly that's what came to mind when watching the newest C&TCF movie but finding out that they were originally black pygmies in the book just blew my mind. I don't think its racist though, it could have been a very clever satire of how we justify horrible acts for such empty pleasures (candy, in this case) 174.42.206.246 (talk) 19:05, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

You can't judge past popular expression by modern sensibilities. They don't match up. You'll always make a wrong, and shallow or even irrelevant, interpretation. Also, let's keep "correctness" (political, social, etc.) off of Wikipedia, please. 71.35.103.206 (talk) 15:44, 13 September 2016 (UTC)

Charlie unspoiled?
''Each of the children pose as an allegory for the various vices found within the personalities of children in those days. Charlie is clearly outlined as the ideal child, humble, kind, and "unspoiled."''

Charlie and Grandpa both drink an experimental drink which makes the pair lighter-than-air and causes them to nearly tangle with (in the movie version) a rather vicious looking ceiling extractor fan. Understandably, this sentence is near here nor there in terms of NPOV as it's simply describing the books views on Charlie, but is Charlie actually unspoiled? MrD 13:17, 4 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Charlie and Grampa Joe drink the fizzy drink (?) on Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, I believe that in the book, they just described the effects of the beverage but no one actually had some.--Fito 19:45, August 4, 2005 (UTC)

 * If my memory holds, this is only present in the movie, not in the book. EvanED 03:21, 27 November 2007 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by EvanED (talk • contribs)
 * Yeah, there is just something fundamentally wrong with Charlie from the first film. Every time I see him say "I fooled you, didn't I?", it scares me. He says it like he's about to kill them. Not even Mr. Lister's Koromon survived intact. 00:13, 7 April 2008 (UTC)

Wonka products?
Where is the list of products mentioned as manufactured by Willy Wonka cross-referenced by book and movies? My gods, this is Wikipedia, people, there needs to be a list article for every little thing. —Ashley Y 08:25, August 22, 2005 (UTC)

Also, Wonka Products were around way before the 2005 film. This article suggests that Wonka was brought about afterwards. In fact, wasn't the original film made to market this? Wesker256 (talk) 19:39, 14 October 2009 (UTC)

ISBN Numbers
I noticed that RedLightGreen has about 50 different editions of the book listed, most with ISBNs. Should these all be listed in the ISBN section? I added the ISBN for the edition I own. 203.45.114.193 12:28, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

Seven Deadly Sins
The articles on Augustus Gloop, Violet Beauregarde, etc., attempt to identify the four bad children with the seven deadly sins. I think this is silly. For one thing, there are four of them, not seven. For another, the identification doesn't always work. It's trivial to identify Augustus with gluttony and Veruca with greed, but even the author of these sections of the articles isn't sure what to do with Violet.

I think these sections, which are not factual, but represent the literary opinions of the author, should be removed. -- Dominus 03:58, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

Yes, but actually they were there to represent the worst qualities of children at the time. But I do think that they do represent the Seven Deadly Sins. As for Violet, I thought her problem was always chewing gum, but she is also obnoxious.- JustPhil 23:56, 14 September 2005 (UTC)

 * WP:NOR No Original Research. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 66.108.80.238 (talk) 17:09, 21 February 2008 (UTC)

For the record, Violet's sin was Pride. She constant brags about her achievements and is dismissive of her competitors. Obviously has a sense of superiority, etc.

ok, so then what was mike tvs sin? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.128.82.10 (talk • contribs)

Sloth - mhocker

Mike - Lust. Very weak connection I know, but would fall under addiction. Violet - Greed. Wants to win everything. Veruca - Envy. Has to have what everyone else has. Augustus - Gluttony. Quite obvious Weaselboy246 (talk) 21:24, 14 February 2009 (UTC)

Article for Deletion vote on table of differences
Please note, the article Differences between book and film versions of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is being considered for deletion. Any deletion or merging resulting from that, may effect this article. You may wish to visit the AFD page to have input. --rob 18:30, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Tragic. When I originally read this article with User:Year_2144/Differences_between_book_and_film_versions_of_Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory intact, it was more informative and entertaining. I've read the book and seen both movies. The table reference to differences between the three may hold no new information, but it inspired me a great deal. I believe that those that have seen the movie (or movies) may be moved to read the book from browsing the differences, and to remove this from the main article is a terrible loss. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cs2750 (talk • contribs) 04:36, 16 February 2008 (UTC)

The AFD page mentioned resulted in a KEEP decision, but a second AFD resulted in a DELETE decision.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Differences_between_book_and_film_versions_of_Charlie_and_the_Chocolate_Factory —Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.172.226.100 (talk) 22:31, 10 April 2008 (UTC)

Disambiguation Page needed?
Currently there are 3 pages with the names Charlie and the Chocolate Factory:

1. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory 2. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film) 3. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (video game) - I am working on this one at the moment, but it seems to have a lot of potential...

- and lets not mention Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, which a lot of people get confused with... but this wouldn't be on the disambiguation page anyway, would it?

So, what do you think? should there be a disambiguation page for the 3 "charlies" or should it be left as it is? your suggestions please! :) --Rachel Cakes 09:36, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

I would like one disambig page for all four articles (including 1971 film). Call it Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (disambiguation) since there are to many links to existing article, then show a link at the very first line on all four articles: Some people know there was a 1971 film, but don't realize it had a different name. Often with disambig pages, we list things that are mistakenly known by a name, as means to aid people finding what they're looking for. --rob 10:25, 21 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
 * Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
 * Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)
 * Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (video game)

Yes, I like the title Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (disambiguation). thanks for clearing the willy wonka disambig part, up for me. people do get confused between the book, the 1971 film, the 2005 film and the video game, when searching for it on wikipedia, at least. i am surprised there wasn't already a disambiguation page... --Rachel Cakes 12:41, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

Play
I'm pretty sure there is a CatCF book written as a play -- a stage play. Does anyone know where I can find out more about this? --QQQ (11-17-05)

There is a play, a musical called Willy Wonka Junior. It has mainly the same songs as the film, but some scenes are changed, ie the last one, and all of the kids have a song instead of just Veruca. I know, 'cause I'm doing it, lol. :P 75.49.81.148 (talk) 04:45, 14 March 2008 (UTC)TheRussianLunchLady

Working for Cadbury
Roald Dahl never 'worked' for Cadbury, he simply took part in market research. The article implies that he worked for Cadbury aged 13, and was amazed by the machinery, when in fact, according to the article cited, he just imagined this, as opposed to experiencing it first hand.

 * I, on the other hand did, somewhat later than the period the author talks about, in the 1980s, as a dealer in the Group Treasury, initially handling the GBP cashflow before finishing as Chief Dealer. I therefore had a close relationship with the Cadbury brothers, which actually started some years earlier.

 * The important thing to remember in tbeir dealings with the Rowntree Family is that both were long-established Quakers, from the early days of the movement. They would never in a million years act aggressively: I, though most definitely Christian, was of the more muscular variety, having turned an unsolicited job offer from the SAS down in favour of them. That meant that I was the ideal shield against aggressive Americans in the Cola Wars. When one ended in jail thanks to the speed of my riposte, they backed off and backed down. Don't co fuse the two, please.

 * One testimony of that period could come from the composer John Rutter, whose fathee freelanced on the research side. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.105.231.225 (talk) 11:44, 26 June 2022 (UTC)

Delete the little monsters
Thought you guys might care about the Snozzwangers getting deleted mabey.

131.7.52.17 21:10, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

I think there were other fictional creatures listed as well. Why was it deleted exactly and where can I go to get the names and References? FourtySixNtwo 19:40, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

Mike Teevee
In light of this "lost chapter" does anyone think perhaps Mike was added in more recently than the original version? He seems quite anachronistic... Back in the 60s there was barely any TV to watch at all, just like one cowboy show and that was all... and while a lot of people tune in obsessively at that one time period every day, that was it. Broadcast was over for the day, if I remember my history correctly. I don't think they even abbreviated it "T.V." at the time. Perhaps I'm wrong and that was more indicative of the 50s? Either way it always struck me as odd that the kids' vices are so unbalanced. Being spoiled and gluttonous are surely several orders of magnitude worse than habitually chewing gum and enjoying Howdy Doody. Of course, in the end, the thing that does them in is all the same thing.. being way too uncareful and blundering into an easily-avoidable death trap. I wonder what Dahl would have to say about the warning labels they put on things these days? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 64.122.208.51 (talk) 15:43, 24 January 2007 (UTC).

 * Well, Roald Dahl was ahead of his time, then! Not050 (talk)Not050Not050 (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 05:49, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

Seven deadly sins
I noticed statements in this article and those on each of the children, linking them to the seven deadly sins. This reads like someone random person's speculation (especially in the use of words like "seems" and "appears"). These observations will need to be sourced reliably, or removed. WP:NOT for rubbishy fan-theory speculation.--Drat (Talk) 06:38, 26 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I said much the same thing in 2005, but the comments were accidentally deleted. I have restored them above.  -- Dominus (talk) 09:24, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

Cadbury's = Will Wonka's chocolate factory
I'm not surprised Roald Dahl was inspired by the Cadbury's chocolate factory. I worked at their Bournville factory many years ago and when I later read the book I always thought it seemed just like the Cadbury's factory I use to work in where weird and wonderful machines would constantly swirl around in unusual and often seemingly unnecessary ways. Though, I never saw a chocolate river, unfortunatly.

Considering he lived nearby, Cadbury's probably was his inspiration for the book. Also, just like with Willy Wonka in the book, it is also pretty undisputed that Cadbury's make the worlds tastiest chocolate!

Synopsis
Have done a small re-structure, entering the sub-title "synopsis". Previously this section flowed on as part of the introduction which wasn't really appropriate. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.96.164.105 (talk) 11:13, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

"Charlie's Chocolate Boy"
As I was looking through my Willy Wonka Junior script, I noticed that there was nothing on Wikipedia about the original drafts of the book. The play isn't that famous, so there isn't an article on it. PLEASE DON'T DELETE IT, it has some backround on the original idea for the novel that isn't anywhere here on wikipedia. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.49.81.148 (talk) 04:47, 14 March 2008 75.32.107.110 (talk) 23:00, 20 April 2008 (UTC) TheRussianLunchLady

NPOV
I modified a sentence that implied the 2005 remake was more faithful to the book than the earlier film. This seemed POV, and had no citation or reference to back it up. If it can be proved there is consensus for the statement, then it should be put back in but as far as I have been able to determine (from film review sites) neither film is considered to be completely faithful to the written work (or appreciably "more" faithful than the other). 64.172.226.100 (talk) 18:55, 14 April 2008 (UTC)

Actually, the second film is closer to the original. In the original book, Wonka's hair is brown. Also, the book doesn't include anything about fizzy lifting drinks or Slugworth except for a small blip. However, you could counter that with the fact that there isn't anything about Wonka's backround in the first book. It's up to debate, but I personally think that the first one is better, while the second one is closer to the book. 75.32.107.110 (talk) 22:58, 20 April 2008 (UTC) TheRussianLunchLady

What's Kongerevyen 1930???
'''Okay, I was on IMDB, and I looked up the character "Willy Wonka" and found there was some film from 1930 called, "Kongerevyen 1930." WHAT IS THIS??? It sayed the characters were the same as in the books and movies, but isn't that impossible because the book was written in 1964? It's some Danish film. WHAT IS THIS??? 75.39.216.100 (talk) 19:06, 4 May 2008 (UTC)TheRussianLunchLady'''

Synopsis part
Reckon that it should be in past tense rather than present tense; this is novel... --125.24.91.248 (talk) 04:35, 19 May 2008 (UTC)

Non-racist revision? When?
"...regarding the original portrayal of the Oompa-Loompas as black pygmies, although Dahl did revise this later."

What's the citation for this? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.146.15.140 (talk) 22:37, 6 July 2008 (UTC)

Added information
I had a script to Willy Wonka with some added information about the book, but someone keeps deleting it. Who is doing it? I can verify it! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.19.45.248 (talk) 08:57, 28 August 2008 (UTC)

Two suggestions for additions:

(i) a link to the story of the early drafts of the book: http://www.roalddahlmuseum.org/uploads/Charlie%20and%20the%20Chocolate%20fact.pdf

(ii) the Puffin Post reprint of the "Lost Chapter" (which apparently originally appeared in its pages in 1973, 32 years before the Times published it "for the first time"): http://www.puffinpost.co.uk/ppost/island/images/Dahl.pdf

Bonsaman Bonsaman (talk) 20:33, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

Merge
I've run across two - though there are likely more - articles dedicated to the characters (Violet Beauregarde, Veruca Salt). These articles aren't sourced, so there's no indication that they are individually noteworthy. I suggest we condense each of the articles into their key points and merge them with this one. Thoughts? Rklawton (talk) 16:49, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I saw the redirect but didn't see any of the information in the Violet Beauregarde article merged into this article. Perhaps I missed something? I'm reverting the redirect. The individual character articles have useful information, I think they merit their own pages. Perhaps I'm mistaken, can other editors chime in? 12.231.43.220 (talk) 02:18, 28 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm changing your revert back. The merge tag has been up for weeks without objection. Basically the article contained zero sourced information, so there's nothing to merge.  If you'd like to add information to this article, help yourself, but the other article has no business existing in Wikipedia.  Rklawton (talk) 02:40, 28 June 2010 (UTC)
 * It's just an oversight. Rklawton (talk) 20:50, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

What does oversight mean? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.176.68.171 (talk) 19:37, 14 October 2010 (UTC)
 * It means that the article in question should have been merged with this one at the same time the other articles were merged. Rklawton (talk) 03:41, 15 October 2010 (UTC)

Who is Mr. Bucket?
Mr. Bucket, Charlie's father redirects to Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, but "Mr. Bucket" per the article (not to be confused with Mr. Bucket) is Charlie's grandfather, is he not? In the Synopsis it says, "One evening, the headline of Mr. Bucket's evening paper states that Wonka is holding a worldwide contest...." The only "Mr. Bucket" introduced up to this point is either Grandpa Joe or Grandpa George. Why then is the direct from Charlie's father and not from Charlie's grandfather?—Biosketch (talk) 14:13, 5 March 2011 (UTC)

Plot and "Main Rooms" are so inspired by the films
The plot and "Main Rooms" sections are too much inspired by the cinematographical versions instead of the book itself,I think.For example,"Fifteen years prior to the beginning of the story,Willy Wonka opened the largest chocolate factory(...)".This reference isn't in the book,but in the 2005 film."(...)and a TV studio-like room with a giant 'Wonkavision' camera(...)".The name of the camera isn't mentioned in the novel,"Wonkavision" is the name given to it in the 1971 version. "(...)everything in this room[the chocolate room]is edible:the pavements,the bushes,even the grass.There are trees made of taffy that grow jelly apples,bushes that sprout lollipops,mushrooms that spurt whipped cream,pumpkins filled with sugar cubes instead of seeds,jelly bean stalks,and spotty candy cubes".In the book,it's described as having only"green meadows on either side of the valley" and "graceful trees and bushes(...)growing along the riverbanks—weeping willows and alders and tall clumps of rhododendrons with their pink and red and mauve blossoms.In the meadows,(...)thousands of buttercups." Only in the films that there are another sweets,besides these.And so go on,much of both sections are influenced by them,whereas in the article about the novel we should edit using the BOOK as a first reference,NOT the films.Do you agree? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.93.208.72 (talk) 21:51, 7 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Agreed. I just made a quick revision regarding squirrels vs golden geese before reading your comment, however I don't have the novel to accurately clean up the entire synopsis. I agree that much of the article is written according to people's memories of the novel (which naturally has been 'enhanced' by the movies, especially the first). If I am able to source the novel (Kindle maybe) I will come back and clean it up. — Nik Rolls (talk) 07:43, 16 January 2012 (UTC)
 * The information about the different rooms have been placed on the page talking about Wonka's Chocolate Factory. Rtkat3 (talk) 6:22, November 6 2012 (UTC)

Noticed a possible small error or oversight, do not know how to resolve.
Good day all, i'm a passer-by not accustomed to Wikipedia's rules and regulations. I've possibly noticed a small error or perhaps a bit of clumsy phrasing, but for fear of damaging the article i have refrained from editing the page.

On this page, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, under the paragraph "Differences between the book and the movies", in the "1971 film" section, the sixth noted difference reads "•	There is no chain connecting the gates together. Plus the gates are not iron, they are metal."

This statement is in a way incorrect, for iron is a metal. I don't have the orgininal book, nor a copy of the 1971 movie adaptation handy i'm afraid, so i cannot tell if this is a direct quote for instance, or if the movie specifically states they are made from "metal" or "a metal"

If the latter is the case i would suggest something along the lines of "•	There is no chain connecting the gates together. The gates are no longer specified to be iron, but rather an undisclosed metal."

Au revoir! 77.166.200.185 (talk) 21:20, 12 October 2016 (UTC)

Noticed another error or oversight
Under Plot "One day, Charlie sees a fifty-pence coin (dollar bill in the US version) buried in the snow"

Fifty pence coins did not exist in 1964 when this book was published - UK decimal coinage introduced in 1971, before that the UK used LSD aka Pounds Shillings & Pence, my guess is probably a ten shilling note was written by Dahl.

FYI UK coins system called LSD with Lira and denari (Roman currency) and shillings from German currency - 12d = 1s and 240d = £1 (spot the L in the UK pound sign). 10s (10 shillings converted to 50p in 1971 decimalisation programme.

Either way the value on the wiki page must be wrong and need checking and changing Ianmurray5 (talk) 19:33, 27 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Google Books suggests the version brought into "The Puffin twentieth-century collection of stories" uses a half-crown, which was only worth a quarter of the coin in the revised version - a 50p would be a lot to find lying around in the early years of decimalisation. Billwilson5060 (talk) 20:48, 14 December 2018 (UTC)

 * I no longer have a copy of the book to hand but my recollection is that Charlie found a two-shilling coin. If nothing else, five bob for a bar of chocolate? Mr Larrington (talk) 21:21, 1 August 2021 (UTC)

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Proposed merge with Wonka's Chocolate Factory
While the factory is indeed notable, this article is unsourced cruft without any rationale for its notability outside the franchise. Blake Gripling (talk) 08:19, 12 March 2017 (UTC)

UK publishing date
According to this cited in the article, the UK version wasn't published until 1967, 3 years after the US version (not in the same year as currently written in the article). DHN (talk) 18:36, 2 April 2017 (UTC)

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Radio Four play
The reference to a Radio Four adaptation is marked citation needed. I know it happened, because I was in it, but for all these years I haven't been able to find any references to it or find a recording. I wish I could give a better citation, but I did not imagine three days in the BBC Manchester Recording Studies!

Jgharston (talk) 18:18, 2 September 2018 (UTC)
 * I see that the Radio Times archive project has caught up with my memory, and is referenced by the article. Hurray! Jgharston (talk) 18:58, 26 December 2020 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 77.96.251.164 (talk)

Toothpaste cap screwer
Should this article point out that Charlie's father worked as a toothpaste cap screwer? Vorbee (talk) 17:52, 11 September 2019 (UTC)

There is a cringey willy Wonka play
So I stumped on a play called Willy Wonka Jr on YouTube AND IT IS VERY HORRIBLE. WHY DID THEY MAKE A SONG ABOUT THE GUM AND THE BLUEBERRY TRANSFORMATION WHY DOES WILLY WONKA SING PURE IMAGINATION TWICE I HATE THAT PLAY ITS HORRIBLE VIOLET IS SO TEXAS I HATE HER ACCENT GIVE HER ANOTHER STEREOTYPE BRITISH FOR EXAMPLE AGUSTUS HAVING A COLD IS USED SO MUCH AND WHY DO THE KIDS SING OOMPA LOOMPA ITS LIKE A CULT I HATE THIS PLAY 2600:4040:7271:5400:315F:C9EF:F376:D5FF (talk) 03:08, 29 November 2022 (UTC)

Everlasting Gobstopper
In the synopsis, the part of Charlie stealing (and then returning) the everlasting gobstopper - so passing the test, is missed out. This is a shame, as it is an important part of the tale as well as Dahl's usual dark plot twist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.151.237.223 (talk) 01:55, 21 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Charlie and the Chocolate Factory


text:
Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company

The Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company is the trading name of two sister food companies (Australian Health and Nutrition Association Ltd and New Zealand Health Association Ltd). Both are wholly owned by the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Founded in Melbourne, Victoria, in 1898, Sanitarium has factories in Australia and New Zealand, producing a large range of breakfast cereals and vegetarian products. All the food products it manufactures and markets are plant derived or vegetarian. Its flagship product is Weet-Bix sold in Australia and New Zealand.

History
During his time in Australia, William C. White convinced Seventh-day Adventist Edward Halsey, a baker at John Harvey Kellogg's Battle Creek Sanitarium, to emigrate to Australia.

Halsey arrived in Sydney, New South Wales, on 8 November 1897. He rented a small bakery in Melbourne, and produced granola (made of wheat, oats, maize, and rye) and Granose (the unsweetened forerunner to Weet-Bix). Halsey and his team sold it from door to door as an alternative to the fat-laden and nutrient-poor foods popular at the time.

The business relocated to larger premises in Cooranbong, New South Wales, next to the campus of the seminary which became Avondale University College.

In 1900, Halsey transferred to New Zealand, where he began making the first batches of Granola, New Zealand's first breakfast cereal, Caramel Cereals (a coffee substitute), and wholemeal bread in a small wooden shed in the Christchurch suburb of Papanui.

Sanitarium New Zealand and Sanitarium Australia are now separate companies, but work together.

Sanitarium has factories in several locations, including Berkeley Vale in New South Wales; Carmel in Perth, Western Australia; Brisbane, Queensland; and Auckland, New Zealand. Weet-Bix was originally manufactured, from 1928, at 659 Parramatta Road, Leichhardt, where until recent times Sanitarium signage could still be seen. This factory predates the purchase of Weet-Bix by Sanitarium in 1930. Another factory was constructed for Sanitarium in Warburton, Victoria in 1925 to manufacture Granose. This factory was damaged by floods in 1934 and a new factory constructed and operational by 1938, producing Granose and later Weet-Bix until 1997. This factory was unusual because it had an on-site hydro-electricity plant which also supplied the township of Warburton. A factory was operating in Palmerston North in New Zealand, but closed in the late 1990s. The Hackney factory in Adelaide, South Australia was closed in October 2010, followed by the Cooranbong factory in 2018.

In June 2017, Sanitarium caused controversy when it objected to a specialty shop-owner based in Christchurch, New Zealand, trying to import 300 boxes of Weetabix into the country. New Zealand Customs detained the boxes at the request of Sanitarium on the grounds the British-made Weetabix competed with and confused the branding of their own New Zealand-made 'Weet-bix'. Sanitarium faced a backlash in New Zealand as a result. After failing to come to a settlement, Sanitarium filed civil action against the shop owner. The case hearing began in the High Court at Christchurch on 30 July 2018.

Tax exemption
Neither the Australia nor the New Zealand Sanitarium companies pay company tax on their profits, due to their ownership by a religious organisation. On their official website, Sanitarium defend their tax exemption with several points, stating they operate exclusively for charitable purposes, and that income tax exemptions are available to all companies and individuals in New Zealand who limit themselves to charitable purposes. However, the exemption has been criticised and is considered unfair by their competitors.

According to their last annual return as of February 2019, businesses operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church reported more than $10 million profit.

Honey Puffs
Honey Puffs is a wheat breakfast cereal coated with honey made in Australia and New Zealand.

Marmite
Marmite is a food spread made in New Zealand. It is made from yeast extract, by-product of beer brewing.

So Good (soy beverage)
So Good (also known as SoGood or So-Good) is a brand of non-dairy beverages, foods, and desserts that are lactose, cholesterol and gluten-free. So Good is manufactured by Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company in Australia and New Zealand. In Canada, it is prepared by Earth's Own. So Good is sold in India by Life Health Foods.

In Australia, So Good produces soy milk, as well as almond milk and almond and coconut milk. They also produce flavoured soy milk and frozen soy desserts.

In India, So Good produces almond milk and almond and coconut milk, in addition to soy milk. They also produce flavoured soy milk, flavoured almond milk, and fortified soy milk.

Up & Go
Up & Go is the brand of a range of liquid breakfast products manufactured and marketed by Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company. The brand was the first product that established the category of liquid breakfast in supermarket and convenience stores in Australia and New Zealand. Many other brands have entered the category since the late 1990s, and forced the brand to defend its market share.

In June 2013, Choice magazine released a study of 23 liquid breakfast products questioning the validity of claims that were made by manufacturers including Up & Go claims regarding fibre content. Sanitarium defended Up & Go in a release citing the current code of practice for nutrient claims that a product must contain a minimum of 3 g of dietary fibre per serving to be considered "high in fiber" and Up & Go contained 3.8 g of fibre per 250-ml serving.

Weet-Bix
Weet-Bix is a wheat breakfast cereal made in Australia and New Zealand and in South Africa by Bokomo.

title: Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company


text:
Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach

Countess Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach (Marie von Ebner-Eschenbachová, Marie Freifrau von Ebner-Eschenbach; 13 September 1830 – 12 March 1916) was an Austrian writer. Noted for her psychological novels, she is regarded as one of the most important German-language writers of the latter portion of the 19th century.

Early life and family
She was born at the castle of the Dubský of Třebomyslice family in Zdislawitz near Kroměříž in Moravia (present Zdislavice in the Czech Republic), the daughter of Baron (from 1843: Count) Franz Joseph Dubský of Třebomyslice, a nobleman whose family roots are deeply Catholic and Bohemian, and his wife Maria Rosalia Therese, née Baroness von Vockel, who came from a noble Protestant-Saxon background.

Marie lost her mother in early infancy, but received a careful intellectual training from two stepmothers, first Baroness Eugenie von Bartenstein, and then her second step-mother, Countess Xaverine von Kolowrat-Krakowsky, who often contributed to her inspiration by taking her to the Burgtheater in Vienna periodically. Despite being part of a noble family, and having access to her family's vast libraries, she was never actually formally schooled. However, because of her curiosity, access to information, and educated family, she became auto-didact at a young age, and was taught fluent French, German, and Czech.

In 1848 she married her cousin, Moritz von Ebner-Eschenbach, a physics and chemistry professor at a Viennese engineering academy. Later on, he would become an Austrian captain, and promoted to lieutenant field marshal on his retirement. The couple resided first in Vienna, then, from 1850, at village Louka (Klosterbruck) near Znojmo (now part of the town), as the engineering academy had been relocated there, and after 1860 again in Vienna. The marriage was childless to disappointment of both of them. Marie grappled with the domestic tasks. She kept a journal and wrote letters explaining how she felt unsatisfied. It has been speculated that Marie may have suffered from "hysteria" including debilitating headaches and excessive nervousness.

Career and success
Marie began devoting herself to literary work. In her endeavours she received assistance and encouragement from Franz Grillparzer and Freiherr von Münch-Bellinghausen. Her first publicized work was the drama Maria Stuart in Scotland (Maria Stuart in Schottland), which Philipp Eduard Devrient produced at the Karlsruhe theatre in 1860. Then came a tragedy in five acts, Marie Roland, with several one-act dramas: Doktor Ritter, Violets (Das Veilchen), and The Disconsolate One. Though she was encouraged to keep writing, her relative failure in the field of playwriting had actually become somewhat of a point of an embarrassment to her family.

After these limited successes in the field of drama, she turned to narrative. Commencing with Die Prinzessin von Banalien (1872), she graphically depicts in Božena (Stuttgart, 1876, 4th ed. 1899) and Das Gemeindekind (Berlin, 1887, 4th ed. 1900) the surroundings of her Moravian home, and in Lotti, die Uhrmacherin (Berlin, 1883, 4th ed. 1900), Zwei Comtessen (Berlin, 1885, 5th ed. 1898), Unsühnbar (1890, 5th ed. 1900) and Glaubenslos? (1893) the life of the Austrian aristocracy in town and country.

Much of Ebner-Eschenbach's more mainstream success is accredited to Julius Rodenberg due to his publishing Ebner-Eschenbach's work in his popular periodical, Die Deutsche Rundschau. In 1875, her half-sister, composer Julie Waldburg-Wurzach, used her social contacts at Cotta Verlag (today Klett-Cotta Verlag) to market some of Ebner-Eschenbach's work. Ebner-Eschenbach also published Neue Erzählungen (Berlin, 1881, 3rd ed. 1894), Aphorismen (Berlin, 1880, 4th ed. 1895) and Parabeln, Märchen und Gedichte (2nd ed., Berlin, 1892). Von Ebner-Eschenbach's elegance of style, her incisive wit and masterly depiction of character give her a foremost place among the German women writers of her time. On the occasion of her 70th birthday the University of Vienna conferred upon her the degree of doctor of philosophy, honoris causa. An edition of Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach's Gesammelte Schriften (Collected Works) began to appear in 1893 (Berlin).

Throughout her life, she had never created literature or plays for monetary reasons, and so, in her will, she left, as to aid other writers in their own endeavors, the compensation she had received. She died in Vienna, Austria-Hungary.

The Marie Ebner-Eschenbach park in Währing, Vienna, is named after her.

Works

 * Aus Franzensbad. 6 Episteln von keinem Propheten (6 epistles from no prophet). Leipzig: Lorck, 1858
 * Maria Stuart in Schottland. Drama in five acts. Vienna: Ludwig Mayer, 1860
 * Das Veilchen (The Violet). Comedy in one act. Vienna: Wallishausser, 1861
 * Marie Roland. Tragedy in five acts. Vienna: Wallishausser, 1867
 * Doktor Ritter. Dramatic poem in one act. Vienna: Jasper, 1869
 * Die Prinzessin von Banalien. A fairy tale. Vienna: Rosner, 1872
 * Das Waldfräulein (Maid of the woods), 1873
 * Božena. A story. Stuttgart: Cotta, 1876
 * Die Freiherren von Gemperlein, 1878
 * Lotti, die Uhrmacherin (Lotti, the clock maker), in: Deutsche Rundschau, 1880
 * Aphorismen. Berlin: Franz Ebhardt, 1880
 * Dorf- und Schloßgeschichten (Village and castle stories), 1883 (containing Der Kreisphysikus, Jacob Szela, Krambambuli, Die Resel, Die Poesie des Unbewußten)
 * Zwei Comtessen (Two countesses). A story. Berlin: Franz Ebhardt, 1885
 * Neue Dorf- und Schloßgeschichten (New village and castle stories). Stories. Berlin: Paetel, 1886 (containing Die Unverstandene auf dem Dorfe, Er laßt die Hand küssen, Der gute Mond)
 * Das Gemeindekind (Child of the neighborhood) Novel. 1887
 * Unsühnbar. A story. Berlin: Paetel, 1890
 * Drei Novellen (Three novellas). 1892 (containing Oversberg)
 * Glaubenslos? A story. Berlin: Paetel, 1893
 * Das Schädliche. Die Totenwacht. Two stories. Berlin: Paetel, 1894
 * Rittmeister Brand. Bertram Vogelweid. Two stories. Berlin: Paetel, 1896
 * Alte Schule (Old school) A story. Berlin: Paetel, 1897 (containing Ein Verbot, Der Fink, Eine Vision, Schattenleben, Verschollen)
 * Am Ende. Scene in one act. Berlin: Bloch, 1897
 * Aus Spätherbsttagen. Stories. Berlin: Paetel, 1901 (containing Der Vorzugsschüler, Maslans Frau, Fräulein Susannens Weihnachtsabend, Uneröffnet zu verbrennen, Die Reisegefährten, Die Spitzin, In letzter Stunde, Ein Original, Die Visite)
 * Agave. Novel. Berlin: Paetel, 1903
 * Die unbesiegbare Macht. Two stories. Berlin: Paetel, 1905
 * Meine Kinderjahre (My childhood years). Autobiographical sketches. Berlin: Paetel, 1906
 * Altweibersommer. Berlin: Paetel, 1909

title: Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach


text:
Talk:Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach

Untitled
The German page has more material, some of which may be worth translating. Get-back-world-respect 09:58, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Helene von Druskowitz?
I'm removing the sentence about Helene von Druskowitz meeting Ebner-Eschenbach. It reads like a gratuitous insertion of Nietzscheana. If the editor meant to say that Ebner-Eschenbach received a copy of the fourth book of Zarathustra, that might be worth mentioning. It should be sourced, though. -- ℜob ℂ. alias ⒶⓁⒶⓇⓄⒷ 07:51, 19 July 2008 (UTC)

Stopped clock...
Is brainyquote really a reliable source?! JL86.61.43.85 (talk) 21:34, 1 February 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach