text:
Talk:Herman Melville

Context and WikiLink Hawthorne
Information to be added or removed: Requesting a change to the first mention of Nathaniel Hawthrone in this Article (third paragraph). Not only is he listed only by last name / without a corresponding WikiLink, the sentence assumes that the reader has prior knowledge of Hawthrone and his relationship with Melville. However a clickable link and background on Hawthorne isnt listed till later in the article. Without context of his identity and their relationship a reader who is less familiar with the subject (such as myself) could easily be confused. Explanation of issue: If I was more knowledgeable on the subject I would re-word the sentence and properly introduce Hawrhorne, but I don't want to further dilute the article Herenow44 (talk) 06:45, 26 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that. Answered on review page. Article has added a short addition on Hawthorne and Melville friendship. CodexJustin (talk) 14:54, 26 March 2019 (UTC)

200th birthday
The article says "The 1919 centennial of his birth became the starting point of the "Melville Revival" with critics rediscovering his work and his major novels starting to become recognized as world classics of prominent importance to contemporary world literature." I've proposed putting the article on the main page for the August 1 bicentennial of his birth. Jonathunder (talk) 23:05, 25 July 2019 (UTC)

Consistent citations for Melville
After the recent completion of the GA for the Melville biography, it seems like a good thought to prepare the article to move further forward in the peer review sequence. The most immediate course would be to make sure that the citations are in a consistent format and someone like could be asked to look at doing this. My support for him to go ahead with something like this and to do this with any support from other editors who are good at citations to join him. CodexJustin (talk) 19:23, 31 December 2019 (UTC)
 * Specifically, I would convert as many short citations as possible to use the sfn template, which helps uncover missing full citations and helps readers by linking from short citations to full citations. It also improves citation consistency, which is currently lacking in this article. I would also move full citations from the References section to the Sources section. I am seeking consensus before undertaking this change, because I have encountered WP:CITEVAR-based resistance and reverts in the past. – Jonesey95 (talk) 19:52, 31 December 2019 (UTC)
 * This sounds really good. During the 12 month GAN for this article, I was hoping for one of the top editors of the biography to join in but apparently they have moved on to other articles. If there are no comments coming in over this week-end, then I am supporting going ahead with your plan for the citations which sounds well thought through. CodexJustin (talk) 16:25, 3 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Quick comment: not a fan of converting established citation styles but I've not made many edits here, despite having had this page watched for as long as I can remember, so don't have much pull. One request, comment, though: typically articles to do with literature or literary bios lean on sources that are compilations of essays, i.e a book with an editor consisting of essays w/ separate authors. It's important the author field is the author of the given essay within the book, not the editor of the book. If that integrity can be maintain, I'm okay with this, otherwise less okay with it. Victoria (tk) 17:16, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the notes. Linking short citations to full citations can help editors validate that the person being cited is the correct person, since short citations will be unambiguously linked to full citations rather than making editors scan the list of full citations manually.
 * I will attempt to preserve the dominant citation style as much as possible. Here's an example edit that converts "Bezanson (1986), 181" to " Bezanson (1986), p. 181". The only changes are that the author and year are linked to the full citation, and "p." is added before the page number. I skimmed the documentation and did not see a way to suppress the "p." notation, which IMHO assists readers unfamiliar with citations by explaining what the mysterious number after the parentheses means. If the "p." is a show-stopper, I'll dig a little more for a way to suppress it. Note also that Bezanson is the author of a chapter in a book with an editor, and the full citation cites Bezanson as the author being cited. Does that allay your concerns, ?
 * I will convert short citations without changing the content, so if short citations have the wrong name now, they will be wrong and linked (for easier validation and editing) when I am done. That is a minor but real improvement, like spray-painting a pothole in the street so that drivers can avoid it until the city staff come to apply a real fix. If I see anything that looks like it is incorrectly citing the editor rather than the author, I will flag it for a content editor to check. – Jonesey95 (talk) 18:44, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I will convert short citations without changing the content, so if short citations have the wrong name now, they will be wrong and linked (for easier validation and editing) when I am done. That is a minor but real improvement, like spray-painting a pothole in the street so that drivers can avoid it until the city staff come to apply a real fix. If I see anything that looks like it is incorrectly citing the editor rather than the author, I will flag it for a content editor to check. – Jonesey95 (talk) 18:44, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I will convert short citations without changing the content, so if short citations have the wrong name now, they will be wrong and linked (for easier validation and editing) when I am done. That is a minor but real improvement, like spray-painting a pothole in the street so that drivers can avoid it until the city staff come to apply a real fix. If I see anything that looks like it is incorrectly citing the editor rather than the author, I will flag it for a content editor to check. – Jonesey95 (talk) 18:44, 5 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Looks like things are ready to start for cites. CWH also looks he is joining in for the references and editing. Looks like a green light. CodexJustin (talk) 15:33, 8 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Friends: I got burned out with the HM and MD articles, but have been watching the latest developments with admiration and pleasure. This cooperative approach is how Wikipedia should work. Go team!
 * I have made a few minor edits here and at MD to clarify points that I happen to know about and will be glad to follow your lead in converting to linked short forms as I go along.
 * I could not agree more that essays in an edited volume must be individually cited, not just the volume as a whole. Someone may know more about this than I do, but the Template:Cite encyclopedia is handy, although the Template:Cite book also allows the citatation of editors and chapter authors.ch (talk) 19:30, 8 January 2020 (UTC)
 * , apologies for the belated reply. Your example is perfect and I have no preferences in terms of how page numbers are rendered, only concerned with keeping integrity of author info. Victoria (tk) 20:59, 8 January 2020 (UTC)

Notes on citation consistency work
I have started making the citations more consistent, as detailed above. PLEASE inspect my diffs and report any errors, or potential errors, here. Below this comment, I will place a list of things I have noticed (these are the sorts of problems that using short citation templates can unearth, helping to make the article's content more verifiable). Anyone is welcome to comment, strike out, or whatever. – Jonesey95 (talk) 02:29, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

List of potential things to fix

 * I think it is strange to have a citation to "Melville (1993)".
 * The start of this effort by Jonesey95 yesterday looks quite good. With reference to Melville (1993) just cited, this presently appears as footnote 89, and was the previous editors shorthand for citing his footnote 88 just above it which is a full form citation. They refer to the same cited book and should be consistent with each other. Regarding the republication of popular books about Melville, these are often republished without changes in pagination, sometimes they include a new or updated preface paginated in Roman numbers. The page numbers still match up. CodexJustin (talk) 16:03, 9 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I should have been more clear. When I see "Melville (1993)", as a naive reader, it looks like someone is citing something written by Herman Melville in 1993, even though he had been dead for 100 years. It just strikes me as odd. If it is OK to have citations like this, you are welcome to strike through this concern in the list above. No problem. – Jonesey95 (talk) 04:05, 10 January 2020 (UTC)
 * You can use the editor's name instead, and I see what you mean here. It is a volume of Melville's various correspondences in a collected edition. CodexJustin (talk) 16:23, 10 January 2020 (UTC)
 * . – Jonesey95 (talk) 20:12, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

 * There is a ref that says simply "Sullivan 117". It appears to be missing a year and a full citation.
 * Sullivan, Wilson (1972). New England Men of Letters. New York: Atheneum. ISBN 0-02-788680-8. CodexJustin (talk) 16:23, 10 January 2020 (UTC)
 * . – Jonesey95 (talk) 14:47, 11 January 2020 (UTC)

 * All of the Arvin (1950) citations need page numbers. I have inserted page needed in each one; in each short citation, that template should be replaced by a page number or page range (or at least a chapter name) when an editor gets their hands on the book and verifies the location supporting each cited statement.
 * For now I think it is "p8ff", for the page designation. CodexJustin (talk) 16:23, 10 January 2020 (UTC)
 * "Pages 8 and following", in a 300-page book? If that is what is meant by "pp. 8ff", I don't think that would (or should, at least) pass at FAC. I'd rather wait for real page numbers than put something in there and remove the "page needed" template. – Jonesey95 (talk) 00:07, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Caution on Arvin: There are half a dozen references to Arvin (1950), but that book is no longer an especially reliable source, borderline WP:RS AGE. So my impulse would be to say that it's not worthwhile at this point to put a lot of time sifting through it to find page numbers. My hat's off to anyone who does, though.ch (talk) 22:21, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * More history of editing Arvin for this Melville biography at Wikipedia. The article at one time had access to an online version of this book which did not have pagination, but which could be easily accessed by one click to verify any passages cited. That seemed fine until the online Arvin became unavailable. Unclear if the current status is that we do have, or do not have on online version of Arvin, with pagination or without pagination? CodexJustin (talk) 16:35, 14 January 2020 (UTC)
 * There appear to be snippet views of Arvin (1950) available on Google Books, e.g. at this link and a few others. The text may be searchable enough to provide page numbers sufficient for our needs. Example search: "exceptionally tender...", a quote that is used in this article. – Jonesey95 (talk) 18:21, 14 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Good, though there is a free online version at Internet Archive that can be borrowed here. I added that information to the Arvin listing. Is that OK?ch (talk) 18:29, 14 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I think I tried to borrow it from archive.org and found that the pages were not viewable, but I may be misremembering. Can you verify that page views are available? If so, you can add the correct page numbers to the citations. – Jonesey95 (talk) 18:50, 14 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I had no problem. I will try to find time, but maybe cut some references. Arvin often puts things in a colorful and quotable way that is not necessarily relialbe (or not).ch (talk)
 * Arvin DONE well, except for note 89, wich has a quote I can't locate in Arvin (1950) and the quote between notes 71 & 72 "Lust for personal freedom..." which referred to Arvin (1950) "Enviable Isles" (a chapter). This is not in the biography and I can't locate it through Google Scholar.ch (talk) 02:47, 15 January 2020 (UTC)
 * If it helps, it looks like that section of text was added in April 2016 (link to diff). – Jonesey95 (talk) 05:38, 15 January 2020 (UTC)
 * The quote using the rare form "exceptionalness" can be found on JSTOR in several articles, though apparently not Arvin. The text of that section in the article using that word may need redrafting. CodexJustin (talk) 16:14, 15 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the legwork on JSTOR. The most likely suspect is a review of Arvin here. I have used my free JSTOR articles for this month. If nobody beats me to it, I will try next month or maybe I can get to the library. I think you are right that the paragraph should be recast in any case. Too bad, it was a nice juicy quote!ch (talk) 21:39, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Should Berthoff (1962) be Berthoff (1972)? See the full citation for details. If the version being referenced is the 1972 printing or edition, I think the latter would be correct.
 * ✅. (No change.) See below. – Jonesey95 (talk) 20:12, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Should Matthiessen (1941) be Matthiessen (1966)? See the full citation for details. If the version being referenced is the 1966 printing or edition, I think the latter would be correct.
 * Matthiessen -- it's a reprint, not a revised edition. We need the original date of publication, which shows the reader what the state of knowledge was at that point. So Matthiessen should be 1941, with no need to specify whether it's the tenth or third or fiftieth printing, since they're all the same. If we put "1966" readers would unfairly expect Matthiessen to reflect postwar scholarship.
 * Likewise Berthoff. If 1972 is a reprint, then no need to mention it. In any case, there could be any number of reprints after either 1966 or 1972 which we don't know about and don't have to. They make no difference to the information cited or the page on which it appears.
 * Now, if in another case the edition changes the page numbers, as in some paperbacks, that's different because we need to inform the reader what page to look on.ch (talk) 06:19, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Agreement on this. Unless it is a new edition with a new preface, etc., then the first printing should be cited as most pertinent. Let me know it the other citations are alright at this time or if I have missed any of them. CodexJustin (talk) 17:08, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * ✅. (No change.) – Jonesey95 (talk) 20:12, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

 * There is a citation to "Parker (1988)" that has no corresponding full citation.
 * This is the Northwestern University scholarly edition of the novel here . This link should have all the info. CodexJustin (talk) 17:08, 11 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Parker 1988 I added a reference for it using the cite encyclopedia template, but couldn't get "Melville" into it. But this may be helpful if you want to tweak it:
 * pp.691-692
 * . Thanks. – Jonesey95 (talk) 05:18, 12 January 2020 (UTC)

 * The Kennedy & Kennedy citations need to be disambiguated.
 * The citations, 2 of them, are for 2 back to back issues of this quarterly journal published as: Kennedy, Joyce Deveau; Kennedy, Frederick James (February 1978). "Elizabeth and Herman". Melville Society Extracts (33): 4–12. The next issue of this journal #34 contained part 2 of the article. This seems to be documented in the article in its current form. Is this a format inquiry? CodexJustin (talk) 16:35, 14 January 2020 (UTC)
 * I have seen the two K&K articles, but in this WP article, they are cited simply as "Kennedy & Kennedy (1978a)" and "Kennedy & Kennedy (1978b)", and once as "Kennedy & Kennedy (1978)". My job was to format existing citations. I did not want to be the one responsible for deciding which fact was citing which article, and which article should be "article a" and which should be "article b"; I leave that up to editors who are familiar with the content. Let me know if you need help with the formatting once the sources are checked. – Jonesey95 (talk) 18:21, 14 January 2020 (UTC)
 * These may be available directly from Hofstra U; the individual volumes were indexed as 33 and 34 here: . CodexJustin (talk) 15:59, 15 January 2020 (UTC)

 * Chapin 1922: This citation was not complete enough to verify. It appears to be a reprint of, originally published by Princeton University Press in 1922. This quote, and the name of the introductory chapter, needs to be verified by someone with access to the source.
 * Cite info here for reprint (short on-line preview here ): 216 pages, Palala Press (November 18, 2015), ISBN-10: 1346749507, ISBN-13: 978-1346749501. CodexJustin (talk) 20:52, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
 * CHAPIN Good that you brought attention to this, as it led to correcting the title of Chapin, which is actually John Marr and other Poems, which is a selection of M's poetry (online here, not a reprint of 1888, and fixing a reference to John Marr and Other Sailors (1988). Gnomes rule! (among others) ch (talk) 06:40, 14 January 2020 (UTC)

 * "Hawthorne, entry for 20 November 1856, in The English Notebooks, (1853–1858)" is missing a full citation. This sometimes happens when a brief citation is copied from another article.
 * This was republished in a separate volume of the collected works cited as: Series: CENTENARY EDITION OF THE WORKS OF NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (Book 21), 878 pages, Ohio State University Press; 1 edition (February 1, 1997), ISBN-10: 0814206700, ISBN-13: 978-0814206706. CodexJustin (talk) 20:45, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

I am leaving a signature here so that a bot won't sign this section. Any editor is welcome to modify and annotate the above list. – Jonesey95 (talk) 06:02, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

 * I am done converting to short citations, pending resolution of the bulleted items above. Some of those items need research from editors with access to sources. – Jonesey95 (talk) 20:10, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

Moving toward a Featured Article Nomination
With citation consistency going forward, I think this is what Wugapodes had in mind when he requested it during GAN. It might be nice if CHW and friends might give a some thought to what might be needed at this time for the article to develop further towards a featured article. CHW has been editing for this article for several years and it would be nice to hear comments etc to move the article forward. CodexJustin (talk) 16:02, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Again, many thanks to and  for your careful and heroic work -- the article looks much better and readers will benefit.
 * I will put in my two bits and occasional edits for your consideration. One example of the sort of thing I have in mind is adding that he read Shakespeare more deeply in 1849 not only because he was looking for darker heros (think Ahab) and more powerful language but also because he came across an edition in larger print. I have access to a library that has most of the references, but I can only get there once in a while. I will check some of the references when I can. I assume that we shouldn't make the article any longer. Cheers!ch (talk) 16:57, 13 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Do you know of any editors with FA experience that you might be able to get to look at the article for moving it forward? CodexJustin (talk) 16:25, 14 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Wow, it's great to see the article has made it to GA status! Congrats all MackyBeth (talk) 00:42, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

"Unsuccessful writer" section propose change to "Commercial and critical failure"
Anyone who writes "Benito Cereno," "Bartelby," and Confidence Man is not an unsucessful writer. I propose "Commercial and critical failure" but will wait a while for suggestions before making the change.ch (talk) 03:28, 10 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Question about a part of the "Unsuccessful writer" section - is the context of the Day Book as a white supremacist publication important to its attack on Melville? Or is that not relevant? Cerulean Depths (talk) 18:59, 23 August 2023 (UTC)

Domestic abuse by Mellville
I am by no means a Melville scholar, but I was curious as to why the history concerning abuse of his wife and sisters is not mentioned. While I've only read online articles about it:

https://buffalonews.com/news/dark-side-of-herman-melville-stories-passed-down-by-family-show-him-as-monster/article_07e71590-ddb0-5bd6-84bf-88447a257e9f.html#:~:text=Melville%20beat%20Elizabeth%2C%20threw%20her,the%20oldest%20son%2C%20committed%20suicide.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/2927436?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

https://observer.com/2002/06/melville-mystery-cannot-be-stifled-by-new-biography/

these article point toward existence of personal letters that overwhelmingly document the abuse. So, presumably it shouldn't be to hard to find original sources.

I mean, obviously Melville legacy looms large in American letters, but it would seem disingenuous to have zero mention of his behavior on this page.

73.181.103.236 (talk) 08:20, 27 August 2021 (UTC)

 * Hello 73.181, and welcome to Wikipedia! This is a long article, and the topic is not absent:
 * "During this time, Melville was short-tempered because of nervous exhaustion, physical pain, and drinking. He would sometimes mistreat his family and servants in his unpredictable mood swings. Robertson-Lorant compared Melville's behavior to the "tyrannical captains he had portrayed in his novels". In 1867, his oldest son died at home at the age of 18 from a self-inflicted gun shot. Historians and psychologists disagree on if it was intentional or accidental. In May 1867, Lizzie's brother plotted to help her leave Melville without suffering the consequences divorce carried at the time, particularly the loss of all claim to her children. His plan was for Lizzie to visit Boston, and friends would inform Melville she would not come back. To get a divorce, she would then have to bring charges against Melville, asserting her husband to be insane, but she ultimately decided against pursuing a divorce."
 * Should there be more detail on this? Maybe, I'm not a Melville scholar either. Now, you can either hope that someone does something about this at some point, or you can start editing and see what happens. WP:TUTORIAL is a good place to start, and don't skip the part about referencing, that is essential, especially since this article is considered one of WP:s better efforts, a so called WP:GA. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 10:07, 27 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks to both of you for pointing this out. I made some edits for your consideration. The newspaper reviews are not Reliable Sources, and the Renker article is pretty controversial, so I used the Robertson-Laurent biography, which is eqivocal. She sums it up:
 * An unsympathetic person might characterize Melville as a failed writer who held a low-level government job, drank too much, heckled his wife unmercifully about the housework, beat her occasionally, and drove the children to distraction with his unpredictable behavior. A sympathetic observer might characterize him as an unappreciated genius, a visionary, an iconoclastic thinker, a sensitive, orphaned American idealist, and a victim of a crude, materialistic society that ate artists and visionaries alive and spat out their bones. He was both, and more.Robertson-Lorant, p. 503-504.
 * Delbanco isn't much better. Hope this helps. ch (talk) 19:42, 27 August 2021 (UTC)

To add to article
In order to add greater depth to our treatment of Melville in this article, shouldn't we make it known that he tried his hand at science fiction with a robot story entitled "The Bell-Tower" (which is, sadly, still redlinked at the moment)? 2605:A000:FFC0:5F:F9BD:9D:B97C:57D4 (talk) 23:30, 25 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Herman Melville


text:
Ohio Republican Party

The Ohio Republican Party is the Ohio affiliate of the Republican Party. It was founded in Columbus, Ohio, in 1854.

It currently holds the bulk of the state's political power, controlling the majority of Ohio's U.S. House seats, one of its two U.S. Senate seats, the governorship, supermajorities in both houses of the state legislature, and a majority on the Ohio Supreme Court.

History
After the Civil War, Ohio politics was dominated by the Republican Party, and Ohio Republicans also played key roles in the national party. As the national Republican Party changed from a party affiliated with Northern states into a staunchly conservative party, so did the Ohio Republican Party.

Early years

Early Ohio Republicans such as Salmon P. Chase staffed many important national offices. Chase coined the phrase "Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men". Starting in the 1880s, Ohio's Mark Hanna was a significant power in the back rooms of the national Republican party. In the 1890s, Hanna led the conservative wing of the party against Theodore Roosevelt's progressive movement.

In the 60 years from 1860 to 1920, Ohioans headed the Republican presidential ticket nine times, losing only twice. In 1912, Democrat Woodrow Wilson won with 40.96 percent of the vote, the Republican ticket was split, with Theodore Roosevelt leaving to start the Bull-Moose Party. In the 1916 election, Wilson won again with 49.24 percent of the vote.

During the next three presidential elections, the Republican candidate won Ohio, until 1932 when Franklin D. Roosevelt won the state. FDR would win Ohio in 1932, 1936, and 1940.

Post New Deal
The national political upheaval that ushered in the New Deal era in the 1930s benefited the Ohio Democratic Party. Party politics in Ohio became very competitive, with Republicans and Democrats trading victories at all levels.

During this time Robert A. Taft, known as "Mr. Republican," became the leader of the conservative wing of the Republican party during a time when progressives controlled both major parties, and one of the most popular Senators in Ohio history.

From the 1930s to the 1970s, Republicans still won the majority of elective offices in Ohio. Starting in the 1960s Ohio Democrats began to win more elections with rulings from the United States Supreme Court that required district representation be based on population and not land sized. The equalization of legislative districts shifted power to Ohio's cities and away from rural farmers. By the mid-1980s, Ohio government at all levels was dominated by Democrats.

By 1990, the Republicans had won a majority on the Ohio Apportionment Board, which draws district lines for federal and state legislative seats. The 1992 adoption of term limits by referendum further strengthened the party's hand and 1992 marked the last victory by a Democrat (John Glenn) in a statewide race until 2006.

State of the party
Redistricting after the 2000 census combined with Ohio's term limits laws had Republican officeholders at the federal and state levels struggling with each other to draw federal congressional districts to create safe seats, with the interests of incumbent US representatives clashing with the interests of state legislators facing term limits looking to Congress for their next jobs. About 43 percent of the voters voted for Democrats in 2000.

Joe Hallett wrote in the Columbus Dispatch (January 13, 2002): Redistricting should be a happy process for Republicans.... But the task has hardly been gleeful. Contrarily, it has turned into an embarrassment for Republicans.... Eight-year term limits, more than the state budget, are to blame. These days, state lawmakers constantly are scouting their next jobs.... [V]isions of Congress dance in their heads. They want districts ready-made for their ascensions. Meanwhile, congressional incumbents constantly angle for districts they can't possibly lose.

Although term limits were pushed by conservative Republican activists in the 1980s, they forced the retirement of Republican Speaker Jo Ann Davidson (R-Columbus) from the House of Representatives in 2001 as well as the leader of the conservative wing of the party, Deputy Speaker William G. Batchelder (R-Medina).

In 2001, Republicans sought United States House of Representatives seats held by Democrats Sherrod Brown and Ted Strickland. The state legislature considered redrawing their districts. Critics allege the motivation was to aid in Republican victories. When Democrat Brown threatened to run for governor in 2002, if he lost his seat through redistricting, the legislature scrapped redistricting plans. Republican Governor Taft won re-election. Taft was challenged by Cuyahoga County commissioner Tim Hagan. Both Brown and Strickland held onto their congressional seats.

By 2004, Republicans held all six statewide executive offices (governor/lieutenant governor, attorney general, secretary of state, auditor, and treasurer), a two-thirds majority in the state senate and house, a 5–2 majority on the Supreme Court, both seats in the US Senate, and 12 of Ohio's 18 seats in the US House of Representatives. In 2006, Democrats began to retake some statewide offices. These include all of the executive offices except State Auditor (including the governorship going to Ted Strickland over Republican challenger J. Kenneth Blackwell) and one of the seats in the US Senate (Sherrod Brown defeating incumbent Mike DeWine).

Ohio Republicans still held ten seats in the US House of Representatives, one seat in the U.S. Senate, and a majority in both houses of the Ohio General Assembly. Between the election of Robert Cupp in 2007, the death of Chief Justice Thomas Moyer, and the appointment of Democrat Eric Brown in 2010, Republicans had controlled all seven seats on the Ohio Supreme Court previously.

In 2008, Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama defeated Republican John McCain in Ohio.

In 2010, Republicans regained all of the statewide elected executive offices, including the governorship with the election of John Kasich, and regained the majority in the state House of Representatives and retaining the state Senate. Republicans also retained their seat in the U.S. Senate with the election of Rob Portman and retained a majority of the seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. In addition, 8th District Representative John Boehner was elected Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, making him third in line of succession (and the highest ranking Republican) to the Presidency of the United States.

In November 2011, Gov. John Kasich's law that limits public worker's union bargain abilities was voted down by the people of Ohio. This was a major blow to the platform that Gov. Kasich ran on in 2010.

Pro-Donald Trump turn
In 2017, Donald Trump helped to install Jane Timken as head of the Ohio Republican Party. When she left to run for the Senate, the Ohio Republican Party replaced her with former Trump Ohio campaign manager Bob Paduchik.

In 2021, the Ohio Republican Party called on Republican House Representative Anthony Gonzalez to resign after he voted to impeach former President Donald Trump for his role in inciting a pro-Trump mob to storm the U.S. Capitol. The party also voted to censure Gonzalez. The Cincinnati Enquirer wrote that the Ohio Republican Party "has increasingly become the party of Trump."

On December 1, 2023, the Ohio Republican Party became the first state Republican Party to endorse Donald Trump for president in 2024. The Cincinnati Enquirer wrote that the endorsement was "a rare move that underscores the former president's grip on state GOP officials."

Taft family political power
The Taft family has been one of the most powerful political families in American history. Robert Taft, Sr. was the first Taft to come to America, around the 1670s. The Ohio section of Taft's are descendants of Robert, Sr.

The start of the five generations of Taft's in politics was with Alphonso Taft. He was the founder of the Ohio political dynasty that is associated with the Republican Party. Alphonso was in President Ulysses S. Grant's Cabinet, first as Attorney General then as Secretary of War. He was later appointed US Ambassador to the Austria-Hungary Empire.

Three of Alphonso's sons entered into politics also, former US Representative of Ohio's 1st District Charles Phelps Taft, former US president and Chief Justice of the United States William Howard Taft, and former Republican Party Delegate Henry Waters Taft.

Both of William H. Taft's sons entered into politics. Robert A. Taft was a former US Senator and his other son Charles Phelps Taft II was former Mayor of Cincinnati. Both men were seen as great politicians.

The next generation of Taft politicians came from two of Robert's children. Robert Taft, Jr. served in both houses of the US Congress. His brother William Howard Taft III was Ambassador to Ireland.

The current generation of Tafts in politics are former Ohio Governor Bob Taft, son of Robert Taft Jr. William Howard Taft IV, son of William H. Taft III, has been an Ambassador to NATO and United States Deputy Secretary of Defense.

Controversies
In 2005, the Republican fundraiser and coin dealer Thomas Noe ran a rare coin fund that the State of Ohio had invested $50 million in. Soon valuable coins came up missing and an investigation discovered Noe had taken around $13 million from the fund. He was convicted in 2006 and was sentenced to 18 years in state prison.

Noe was a top fundraiser for the George W. Bush campaign in Ohio in 2004, and the chairman for his campaign in Northwest Ohio. He was later convicted of making illegal contributions to the Bush campaign.

Noe had ties to then Governor Bob Taft. It was discovered through this scandal that the Governor and some of his top aides took improper gifts from Noe and other lobbyist. In 2005, Gov. Taft was charged with four misdemeanors related to these gifts.

This scandal had a negative effect on the Ohio Republican Party, who lost many seats in Congress after 2006 and the Governorship went to Ted Strickland. In 2008, Barack Obama won Ohio's 20 electoral college votes on his way to the presidency.

U.S. Senate

 * J. D. Vance

U.S. House of Representatives

 * Brad Wenstrup, 2nd district
 * Jim Jordan, 4th district
 * Bob Latta, 5th district

 * Max Miller, 7th district
 * Warren Davidson, 8th district
 * Mike Turner, 10th district
 * Troy Balderson, 12th district
 * David Joyce, 14th district
 * Mike Carey, 15th district

Statewide offices

 * Governor: Mike DeWine
 * Lieutenant Governor: Jon Husted
 * Attorney General: Dave Yost
 * Secretary of State: Frank LaRose
 * State Treasurer: Robert Sprague
 * State Auditor: Keith Faber

Ohio Senate

 * President of the Senate: Matt Huffman

Ohio House of Representatives

 * Speaker of the House: Jason Stephens
 * Majority Floor Leader: Bill Seitz

State Supreme Court

 * Chief Justice: Sharon L. Kennedy
 * Associate Justices:
 * Patrick F. Fischer
 * Pat DeWine
 * Joe Deters

Party leadership

 * Chairman - Alex Triantafilou

Notable Ohio Republicans

 * Salmon P. Chase: US Senator, Governor of Ohio, United States Secretary of the Treasury, Chief Justice of the United States
 * Charles William Foster, Jr.: US representative, Governor of Ohio, United States Secretary of the Treasury
 * Rutherford B. Hayes: US representative, Governor of Ohio, President of the United States
 * William McKinley: US Representative, Governor of Ohio, President of the United States
 * William Dennison: Governor of Ohio, United States Postmaster General
 * David Tod: Governor of Ohio, Ambassador to Brazil
 * Jacob Dolson Cox: Governor of Ohio, United States Secretary of the Interior
 * John W. Bricker: Ohio Attorney General, Governor of Ohio, US Senator, Republican nominee for Vice President of the United States
 * Edward F. Noyes: Governor of Ohio, Ambassador to France
 * Thomas L. Young: Governor of Ohio, US Representative
 * Joseph B. Foraker: Governor of Ohio, US Senator
 * George K. Nash: Ohio Attorney General, Governor of Ohio
 * Frank B. Willis: Governor of Ohio, US Representative, US Senator
 * C. William O'Neill: Ohio Attorney General, Governor of Ohio, Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court
 * James A. Rhodes: mayor of Columbus, Ohio, Ohio State Auditor, Governor of Ohio, candidate for Republican nomination for President of the United States (1964, 1968), candidate for Republican nomination to the US Senate
 * Warren G. Harding: US senator, Lieutenant Governor of Ohio, President of the United States
 * Benjamin F. Wade: US Senator, a Radical Republican, President Pro Tempore of the United States Senate
 * James A. Garfield: US Representative, President of the United States
 * James Rudolph Garfield: United States Secretary of the Interior
 * Ulysses S. Grant: commander of Union forces in the Civil War; President of the United States
 * Benjamin Harrison: US Senator, President of the United States
 * William H. Taft I: United States Secretary of War, President of the United States, Chief Justice of the United States
 * William B. Saxbe: US Senator, US attorney general, ambassador to India
 * John Sherman: US representative, United States Secretary of the Treasury, US Senator, chairman of the Senate Republican Conference, United States Secretary of State, author of the Sherman Antitrust Act
 * Robert A. Taft I: Speaker of the Ohio House of Representatives, US Senator, chairman of the Senate Republican Conference, candidate for Republican nomination for President of the United States (1940, 1948, 1952)
 * Harold H. Burton: Ohio State Representative, mayor of Cleveland, US Senator, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
 * Simeon D. Fess: US Representative, US Senator
 * Nicholas Longworth: Speaker of the US House of Representatives
 * Potter Stewart: Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
 * Kingsley A. Taft: US Senator, Chief Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court
 * Bob Taft: Governor of Ohio
 * George Voinovich: US Senator, Governor of Ohio, Lieutenant Governor of Ohio, Mayor of Cleveland

Party symbols
Ohio Republicans use the same symbols used by the national Republican Party, such as the elephant. The Ohio Republican Party logo features a white elephant silhouette over the shape of Ohio in red, with blue outlining its northern border.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ohio Republican Party


text: Category:Activists

title: Category:Activists


text:
Abia State

Abia State (Ȯha Abia) is a state in the South-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria, it is bordered to the northwest by Anambra State and northeast by the states of Enugu, and Ebonyi, Imo State to the west, Cross River State to the east, Akwa Ibom State to the southeast, and Rivers State to the south. Abia is the only Southeastern state that has boundaries with the other four Southeastern states in Nigeria. It takes its name from the acronym for four of the state's most populated regions: Aba, Bende, Isuikwuato, and Afikpo (but Afikpo was later joined with a part of Enugu state to create Ebonyi state in 1996). The state capital is Umuahia while the largest city and commercial centre is Aba.

Abia is the 32nd largest in area and 27th most populous with an estimated population of over 3,727,347 as of 2016. Geographically, the state is divided between the Niger Delta swamp forests in the far south and the drier Cross–Niger transition forests with some savanna in the rest of the State. Other important geographical features are the Imo and Aba Rivers which flow along the Abia's western and southern borders, respectively.

Modern-day Abia State has been inhabited for years by various ethnic groups, but it is predominantly inhabited by the Igbo people. In the pre-colonial period, what is now Abia State was a part of Arochukwu-based Aro Confederacy before the confederacy was defeated in the early 1900s by British troops in the Anglo-Aro War. After the war, the British incorporated the area into the Southern Nigeria Protectorate which later merged into British Nigeria; after the merger, Abia became a centre of anti-colonial resistance with the Women's War that started in Oloko.

After independence in 1960, the Abia was a part of the post-independence Eastern Region until 1967 before the region was split and it became part of the East Central State. Less than two months afterwards, the former Eastern Region attempted to secede in the three-year long Nigerian Civil War with Abia as a part of the secessionist state of Biafra. At the war's end and for the reunification of Nigeria, the East Central State was merged as one until 1976 when Imo State (including now-Abia) was formed by the Murtala Muhammed regime. Fifteen years afterwards, Imo State was divided with eastern Imo being broken off to form the old Abia State; but in 1996, part of Abia's northeast was removed to form a part of the new Ebonyi State.

Economically, Abia State is based around the production of crude oil and natural gas along with agriculture, mainly cultivation of yams, maize, taro, oil palm, and cassava. It has a high concentration of medium-scale manufacturing clusters in the city of Aba. With its fast growing population and industrialization, Abia has the joint-eighth highest Human Development Index in Nigeria.

Geography
Abia State occupies about 4902 square kilometres. It is bounded on the north and northeast by the states of Enugu for about 25 km, and Ebonyi for 70 km (43 miles), Cross River State for about 52 km (partly across Cross River) and Akwa Ibom State for 151 km (94 miles) to the east and southeast respectively, Rivers State to the south and west for 87 km (54 miles), Imo State and Anambra to the west for to the west in the vicinity of the Imo River) for about 18 km and about 104 km respectively. The southernmost part of the State lies within the Niger Delta Swamp Forests, while the rest of the state, lies within the Cross–Niger transition forests. The southern portion gets heavy rainfall of about 2400 mm per year and it is intense between the months of April through October. The most important rivers in Abia State are the Imo and Aba Rivers which flow into the Atlantic Ocean through Akwa Ibom State.

Solid waste
Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) deals with the collection, storing, treatment and disposal of solid waste, to ensure that it does not affect humans, living things and the environment at large. There are factors that influences the Municipal solid waste generation such as income level, local climatic condition, urbanization and economic development. MSW in Aba, Abia State is classified into;

In recent times, it was reported that aba and Umuahia generates up to two hundred and seventy truckloads of domestic and commercial waste daily. This information was made known to the public by Governor Alex Otti during his inauguration speech after taking the baton of government from the former governor, Okezie Ikpeazu.
 * 1) Domestic waste (waste from households, food centers, markets, and commercial premises)
 * 2) Industrial waste (excluding toxic waste that requires special handling)
 * 3) Institutional waste (waste from government establishments, schools, hospitals and recreational facilities

Climate
Aba experiences a warm and gloomy wet season as well as a scorching and oppressive dry season. The temperature rarely drops below 61 F or rises over 91 F throughout the entire year, fluctuating between 68 and 88 F.

The beach/pool score indicates that the best time of year to visit Aba for hot-weather activities is from late November to early February.

In Aba, the rainy season is warm and cloudy, the dry season is hot and largely gloomy, and the climate is uncomfortable all year long. The average annual temperature ranges from 68 °F to 88 °F, with occasional exceptions when it falls below 61 °F or rises over 91 °F.

Since Aba experiences so small seasonal temperature variations, talking about the hot and cold seasons isn't very helpful.

History and population
Abia State is one of the thirty-six States in Nigeria, and has about seventeen Local Government Areas, out of the 774 Local Government Areas that make up the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Abia State was created on the 27th of August 1991, during the government of General Ibrahim Babangida. The State is located in the south-eastern part of Nigeria. Abia state was created out of Imo State, and the two sister states share boundaries. Abia State is known as one of the constituent states of the Niger Delta region. The state has its capital at Umuahia while the commercial city of the state is Aba. Abia State is also referred to as God's own state. The name "Abia" is an abbreviation of four of Abia state's densely populated regions Aba, Bende, Isuikwuato, and Afikpo.

The Igbo people, who are one of the indigenous peoples of the South-eastern part of Nigeria, make up 95% of the population. Their traditional language, Igbo, is in widespread use. Ibibio is spoken as a minority language, especially in Arochukwu English is also widely spoken and serves as the official language in governance and business. In Abia State over 3 million people are mainly Christians. According to there are 689,668 Catholics (2020) in the Umuahia Diocese (1958) with 70 parishes under Bishop Michael Kalu Ukpong (2022) and Aba Diocese (1990) with 90 parishes under Bishop Augustine Ndubueze Echema (2019), both suffragans of Archdiocese of Owerri.

Infrastructure and economy
Crude oil and gas production is a prominent activity, as it contributes over 39% of the State's GDP. However, the indigenous oil companies – through the Marginal Fields Programme (MFP) – have not found it easy to attract the requisite funding and infrastructural capacity, to explore some of the marginal oil fields which are about 50 in the State.

The manufacturing sector only accounts for 2% of the GDP. The industrial centre of the state is in Aba, with textile manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, soap, plastics, cement, footwear, and cosmetics. In addition to the above, Abia State Government has just built a 9,000 capacity multipurpose International Conference Centre in Umuahia. This edifice of international standard was built by Governor T.A Orji, to enhance tourism as well as boost the state economy, through hosting of major International and Local events.

Representing 27% of the GDP, agriculture – which employs 70% of the state workforce – is the second economic sector of Abia. With its adequate seasonal rainfall, Abia has much arable land that produces yams, maize, potatoes, rice, cashews, plantains, taro, and cassava. Oil palm is the most important cash crop.

Oil and gas exploration
There are over 100 oil wells and 3 installed flow stations in Abia State. There is also an associated gas plant, Abia/NNPC gas plant. As of 2012, boundary Commission said it returned 42 oil wells from neighbouring Rivers State to Abia. This would have meant Abia was r fourth largest oil-producing state in the country. Oil giant, Shell, holds most of the licenses for the wells in the State, and has concentrated on the estimated 50 wells that are considered high-yield.

The state produced 36,000 barrels of crude oil per day; "Imoturu produces 23,000 barrels per day and Isimili flow station produces over 8,000 barrels of crude oil per day. Then four oil wells in Izaku go to Obigo flow station. About 30 oil wells from my village go to Umuri, and about eight oil wells from Umurie go to Afam", said Samuel Okezie Nwogu, Chairman of Abia State Oil Producing Development Area Commission (ASOPADEC). However, the State has complained of poor funding from its oil revenue federal allocation.

Raw Materials in Abia State
Aside oil and gas deposits, the following solid minerals are also found across Abia State:
 * Gold
 * Lead/Zinc
 * Limestone
 * Salt
 * Kaolin
 * Limestone

University and colleges
There are six universities in the state: the federal-owned Michael Okpara University of Agriculture at Umudike, the state-owned Abia State University in Uturu, the privately-owned Gregory University in Uturu, Rhema University in Aba, Spiritan University in Umu Nneochi, Clifford University in Owerrinta, and Nigerian British University in Asa,. Other higher institutions of learning includes: Uma Ukpai Polytechnic, Asaga-Ohafia, Abia State College of Education (Technical) in Arochukwu, Abia State College Of Health Sciences and Management Technology in Aba, Temple Gate Polytechnic in Aba, Abia State Polytechnic and the National Institute for Nigerian Languages, Aba, a federally-owned inter-university centre for the study and development of Nigerian Languages.

Transportation
The nearest airport to Abia is Sam Mbakwe Cargo Airport (Owerri Airport), it is an hour drive to Umuahia and Aba. It is two hours' drive to Port Harcourt International Airport. Akwa Ibom Airport (Akwa Ibom State) can also serve would-be visitors. The distance between Uyo (Akwa Ibom) and Umuahia (Abia) is: 73.28 km.

The rail transport is also available in the state very effective. Aba is connected to Port Harcourt by rail. Umuahia is connected to Aba and Enugu by rail. The coastal parts of the State are equally accessible using boats and canoes.

Federal Highways are;
 * A3 northeast from Port Harcourt (Rivers State) via Umuahia, Umuokwara (Imo State) and across the north of Abia State again via Lokpauku to Enugu State,
 * F103 east from Akwa Ibom via Ikot Ubo to Oron,
 * F104 from Aba via Azumini, Etinam, and Ndiya to F103 at Ikot Ubo,
 * F107 from Umuahia via Bende to F234 in Ohafia,
 * F108 from Arochukwu, in the southeast, via Ikot Okpora and Orira to A4,
 * F112 the Okigwe-Afikpo road east from Imo State via Okigwe to Ebonyi State.

Other major roads includes;
 * Southeast from Okigwe to Amiyi-Uhu (Ogboro Junction) to Amaba
 * The Ahaba-Umunekwu east and south from Amaba as the Ohafia-Ogo Ubi-Agu Eze Rd to join the Umuahia-Ohafia Rd,
 * The Umuahia Rd south to Akwa Ibom,
 * The Obohia-Azumini Rd east to Akwa Ibom,
 * North from A3 at Uzuaku to Owaza (Rivers State),
 * The Asa-Akwere-Obohia Rd west from A3 at Obehie Junction to Owaza
 * The Eberi-Umu Uyo Rd southwest from A6 at Umuvo to Rivers State.

Religion
The residents of Abia state are predominantly Christians.

Churches
Umuahia Catholic Diocese (1958) with 70 parishes is under Bishop Michael Kalu Ukpong (2022)  and Aba Diocese (1990)  with 90 parishes under Bishop Augustine Ndubueze Echema (2019), both suffragans of Owerri Archdiocese.

The Aba Province of Anglican Church of Nigeria led by Archbishop Isaac Nwaobia (2019) comprises the nine Dioceses of Aba led by Bishop Christian Ugwuzor (2011), Aba Ngwa North (2007) led by Bishop Nathan Kanu (2009), Arochukwu/Ohafia led by Bishop Johnson Onuoha, Ikwanuo led by Bishop Chigozirim Onyegbule, Isiala Ngwa led by Bishop Temple Nwaogu, Isial-Ngwa South (2007) led by Bishop Isaac Nwaobia, Isikwuato (2005) led by Bishop Manasses Chijiokem Okere (2013), Ukwa (1994) led by Bishop Samuel Kelechi Eze (2004), and Umuahia led by Bishop Geoffrey Obijuru Ibeabuchi (2019).

Languages
Below is a list of Languages of Abia State organised by the LGA:

Politics
The State Government is led by a democratically elected Governor who works closely with members of the state's House of Assembly. The capital city of the state is Umuahia. and there are 17 local government areas in the state.

At statehood in 1991, Abia was ruled by Ibrahim Babangida-appointed Military Administrator Frank Ajobena before Ogbonnaya Onu was elected governor later that year under the Third Nigerian Republic. Onu governed for nearly two years before Sani Abacha ended the Third Republic and reinstated full military rule. Under the Abacha regime, three more Military Administrators (Chinyere Ike Nwosu, Temi Ejoor, and Moses Fasanya) were appointed before Abacha's death and the accession of Abdulsalami Abubakar. Abubakar appointed one more Military Administrator, Anthony Obi, before starting the transition to democracy in 1998.

In 1999, Nigeria returned to democracy, and Orji Uzor Kalu was elected governor on the platform of the People's Democratic Party. Consequently, he was sworn in on 29 May 1999. In 2003, when it was time for fresh elections, Kalu re-contested on the platform of the PDP and got a second mandate to govern (the Constitution of Nigeria limits Governors to two terms in office). At the end of Kalu's term in 2007, Theodore Orji (PPA) defeated Onyema Ugochukwu (PDP) in the 2007 gubernatorial election, to become Abia's next Governor. In 2011, Theodore Orji defected from the PPA to the PDP before being re-elected for another four-year term later that year.

In 2015, Okezie Ikpeazu (PDP) was voted in as the ninth Governor of Abia State. Four years later, he won re-election, defeating Uche Ogah of the All Progressives Congress and Alex Otti of APGA to be sworn in as Governor for a second term on 29 May 2019. In Abia State, 70 percent of politicians belong to the PDP.

In 2023, Alex Otti of the Labour Party Nigeria (LP) emerged as the eleventh governor of the state having defeated the candidate of the PDP in a fiercely contested race.

Electoral system
The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas.

Local Government Areas
Abia State is made up of seventeen (17) Local Government Areas. They are:

 * Aba North
 * Aba South
 * Arochukwu
 * Bende
 * Ikwuano
 * Isiala Ngwa North
 * Isiala Ngwa South
 * Isuikwuato
 * Obi Ngwa
 * Ohafia
 * Osisioma Ngwa
 * Ugwunagbo
 * Ukwa East
 * Ukwa West
 * Umuahia North
 * Umuahia South
 * Umu Nneochi

Culture and tourism
Tourist destinations include:

 * Arochukwu, which is associated with slave trade.
 * Azumini Blue River waterside
 * The Amakama wooden cave; a hollow tree that can accommodate up to twenty people.
 * Caves located in the north, ranging from Umunneochi to Arochukwu.
 * Traditional festivals and dances
 * National War Museum, Umuahia and Ojukwu Bunker in Umuahia
 * Museum of Colonial History in Aba
 * Akwete” cloth weaving at Ukwa-East LGA
 * Ohafia War Dancers
 * Amafor-Isingwu biannual Iza aha ceremony
 * Ekpe Festival in Umuahia

Notable people

 * Abai Ikwechegh – Jurist
 * Acho Nwakanma – Former Deputy Governor of Abia State
 * Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani – novelist and essayist
 * Adolphus Wabara – Former Senate President of Nigeria.
 * Akwaeke Emezi – novelist
 * Alex Mascot Ikwechegh, politician, businessman and philanthropist
 * Alexx Ekubo, Nollywood actor and Top Model
 * Alex Otti – Banking Expert and Present Governor of Abia State.
 * Alvan Ikoku, OBE educationist (1900–1971)
 * Anya Oko Anya, technocrat and academic
 * Ashley Nwosu – Former Nigerian Actor
 * Arunma Oteh – Former World Bank Vice President and Treasurer.
 * Azubuike Ihejirika – Lt. General and former Chief of Army Staff
 * Azubuko Udah – Former Deputy-Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force
 * Basketmouth – comedian
 * Benjamin Kalu – politician and member of the House of Representatives
 * Blessing Nwagba – Female Politician
 * Bright Chimezie – Highlife Musician
 * Buchi Atuonwu – Gospel Artiste
 * Chelsea Eze – award-winning Nollywood actress
 * Chidi Imoh – Athlete
 * Chijioke Nwakodo – Politician
 * Chika Chukwumerije – Olympic Taekwondo Medalist (Beijing 2008); 3-time Olympian; first Black African Olympic Medalist in the Martial Arts.
 * Chika Okeke-Agulu – Art historian.
 * Chinedu Ikedieze – award-winning Nollywood actor,
 * Chinedum Enyinnaya Orji – Speaker of the Abia State House of Assembly
 * Chinweizu Ibekwe – Renowned essayist, poet, and journalist.
 * Chinyere Almona – business executive
 * Chinyere Kalu – Nigeria's first female pilot.
 * Chioma Agomo – Professor of Law
 * Chioma Onyekwere – Nigeria's Discus Champion.
 * Chioma Toplis – Nollywood Actress.
 * Chisom Chikatara – Professional Footballer
 * Christy Ucheibe – Female Nigerian Professional Footballer
 * Chuku Wachuku – Statesman and former Director-General of Nigeria's NDE: National Directorate of Employment
 * Christopher Kanu – Former Nigerian Professional Footballer.
 * Christopher Osondu – Former Navy Captain and Military Administrator of Cross River State
 * Chukwuemeka Ngozichineke Wogu – Former Minister of Labour and Productivity
 * Clifford Ohiagu – Politician
 * Daniel Kanu – Nigerian-American Politician.
 * Dike Chukwumerije – Award-winning Novelist, Poet, Public Speaker and Spoken-word artiste. Listed on 100 most influential Africans.
 * Ebitu Ukiwe – former Military Vice President; Former Governor of Niger and Lagos States.
 * Ejike Asiegbu- Nollywood Veteran actor
 * Ejikeme Ikwunze – Sports Journalist
 * Emma Ugolee – Media Personality and Author
 * Emmanuel Acho – Former American Football Player; Analyst at Fox Sports 1
 * Emeka Ananaba – Former Deputy Governor of Abia State
 * Eni Njoku – pioneer Vice Chancellor, University of Lagos and first black Vice Chancellor, University of Nigeria Nsukka.
 * Enyinnaya Abaribe – Senator and former Deputy Governor
 * Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi – Environmental biochemist, Soil Scientist, and Toxicologist
 * Ezinne Kalu, Female Basketballer
 * Felix Nmecha – Professional Football Player
 * Fortunatus Nwachukwu – Catholic Prelate
 * Francis Ezeh – Professional Football Player
 * Godswill Obioma – Former National Examination Council Registrar
 * Ifu Ennada – Actress, Fashion Designer, and Former Big Brother Naija Housemate.
 * Iheanacho Obioma – Politician
 * IK Ogbonna, Nollywood Actor and Top Model
 * Ike Ibeabuchi, Professional Boxer.
 * Ike Nwachukwu, military officer, former state governor, diplomat, former senator and former chairman of the governing board of Nigerian Institute of International Affairs.
 * Ikechi Uko- Renowned travel consultant
 * Ikechukwu Uche – Former Nigerian Professional Footballer
 * Ikeogu Oke – Author, Journalist, and Award-winning Poet
 * Isaac Nwaobia – Anglican Bishop
 * Ivy Uche Okoronkwo – First Female Deputy Inspector General of Police
 * J. Martins, Afro-pop artiste
 * Jaja Wachuku – First Minister of Foreign Affairs in Nigeria, First indigenous Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria and first Nigerian Permanent representative to the UN.
 * Joe Irukwu – Nigeria's First Professor of Insurance.
 * Joel Kachi Benson, documentary film maker.
 * John Godson – Polish lawmaker and philanthropist.
 * Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi – Nigeria's Military Officer and former Head of State.
 * Josaiah Ndubuisi Wachuku – Former Eze of Ngwa land.
 * Joyce Kalu – Nollywood Actress
 * Kalu Uche – Former Nigerian Professional Footballer
 * Kalu Idika Kalu – former Finance Minister and politician
 * Kalu Ikeagwu – Movie Actor and Writer.
 * Kalu Ndukwe Kalu – Political scientist and Distinguished Research Professor of Political Science and National Security Policy at Auburn University
 * Kelechi Emeteole – Former Nigerian Professional Footballer
 * Kenneth Omeruo – Nigerian Professional Footballer
 * Linda Ejiofor – Nollywood Actress
 * Lukas Nmecha – Professional Football Player
 * Mao Ohuabunwa, industrialist and politician
 * Mary Lazarus – Nollywood Actress
 * Miraboi - Businessman
 * Michael Okpara – premier of Nigeria's Eastern Region from 1959 to 1966
 * Mike Ezuruonye – Award-winning Nollywood actor.
 * Mr Raw – Igbo rap music pioneer
 * Nathan Kanu – Anglican Bishop
 * Ndubuisi Kanu – Former Governor of Lagos State and old Imo State.
 * Nkechi Blessing Sunday – Nollywood actress
 * Nkechi Justina Nwaogu – Two Time Senator Abia Central Senatorial District and Immediate Past Pro Chancellor University of Calabar.
 * Nkiru Sylvanus – Awarding winning Nollywood actress
 * Nnamdi Kanu – founder of the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), a separatist group.
 * Nnamdi Udoh – Aeronautical Engineer
 * Ndubuisi Ekekwe – Notable Inventor
 * Nnenna Elendu Ukeje – Female Politician
 * Nwabueze Nwokolo – British Lawyer
 * Nwankwo Kanu – Two-time African Footballer of the year and Arsenal FC legend.
 * OC Ukeje – Lagos-based Multiple Award Winning Nollywood actor
 * Ogbugo Kalu – Renowned Army Officer.
 * Oji Umozurike, professor of law
 * Ojo Maduekwe – Former Nigerian Politician.
 * Okechukwu Enelamah – former Minister for Trade and Investment (2015–2019)
 * Okezie Ikpeazu – Former Abia State Governor
 * Olu Oguibe – Professor of art at the University of Connecticut and senior fellow at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC
 * Oluchi Onweagba – International model and first winner of M-Net Face of Africa
 * Onwuka Kalu – Business Mogul and co-founder of Fidelity Union Merchant Bank
 * Onyema Ogbuagu – Medical Researcher
 * Onyema Ugochukwu – First Executive Chairman of the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC)
 * Orji Uzor Kalu – chairman, SLOK Group; Former State Governor and one time Founder of Progressive People's Alliance (PPA); Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
 * Pascal Atuma – Canadian-Nigerian actor, screenwriter, film producer, director and CEO/Chairman TABIC Record Label. born in Ikwuano Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
 * Pascal Ojigwe – Nigerian former professional footballer and Abia State Commissioner of Sports.
 * Paul Agbai Ogwuma – former Governor of Nigeria's Central Bank
 * Ruggedman, Afro-Rap artiste.
 * 2Shotz, AfroRap Artiste
 * Sam Acho – ESPN Sports Analyst and Veteran American Football Player.
 * Sam Ohuabunwa – Founder of Neimeth Pharmaceutical and Former President of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria
 * Samuel Achilefu – Notable Inventor
 * Samuel Chukwueze – Nigeria National Team football player
 * Samuel Kalu – Nigerian Professional Footballer.
 * Sunday Mba – Nigerian Professional Footballer
 * Theodore Orji – former State Governor and a serving Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
 * Uche Jombo, award-winning Nollywood actress.
 * Uche Chukwumerije – 3-time Senator of Fed Rep of Nigeria; Former Nigerian Minister of Information and Culture; Former Biafran Minister of Information; Publisher Afriscope Magazine.
 * Uche Elendu – Nollywood actress
 * Uche Okechukwu – former Nigerian Team footballer
 * Uchechukwu Sampson Ogah – Businessman and Politician
 * Uchenna Ikonne – Academic and Public Administrator
 * Uchenna Kanu – Female Nigerian Professional Footballer
 * Ude Oko Chukwu – Deputy Governor of Abia State
 * Uma Ukpai – Evangelist.
 * Uzo Asonye – Partner at Davis Polk & Wardwell
 * Uzodinma Iweala – US-based medical doctor and author of the book Beasts of No Nation.
 * Uzoma Emenike- Nigeria's Ambassador to the United States of America.
 * Victoria Inyama – Nollywood Actress.
 * Vincent Eze Ogbulafor – Former National Chairman of the People's Democratic Party
 * Waconzy – Musician
 * Yagazie Emezi – Award-winning photojournalist
 * Yvonne Okoro – Ghanaian-Nigerian actress

title: Abia State


text:
Francis William Kellogg

Francis William Kellogg (May 30, 1810 – January 13, 1879) was a U.S. Representative from the states of Michigan, during the Civil War, and Alabama, during Reconstruction.

Biography
Kellogg was born in Worthington, Massachusetts and attended the common schools. He moved to Columbus, Ohio, in 1833 and then to Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1855 where he engaged in the lumber business with the firm Kellogg, White & Co. at Kelloggville (which was named after him) in Kent County, Michigan. He was a member of the Michigan State House of Representatives, where he represented the Kent County 2nd district, from 1857 to 1858.

Kellogg was elected from Michigan as a Republican to United States House of Representatives for the 36th, 37th, and 38th Congresses, serving from March 4, 1859 to March 3, 1865. He represented Michigan's 3rd congressional district for his first two terms, then the 4th district after a redistricting. In all three contests, he defeated the former mayor of Grand Rapids, Thomas B. Church, in the general election. During the American Civil War, he organized the Second, Third, and Sixth Cavalry Regiments by the authority of the United States Department of War. He was appointed as the colonel of the Third Michigan Cavalry.

During Reconstruction, he was appointed by U.S. President Andrew Johnson as collector of internal revenue for the southern district of Alabama on April 30, 1866, and served until July 1868, residing in Mobile, Alabama.

Upon the re-admission of Alabama to the Union, Kellogg was elected to a partial term in Alabama's 1st congressional district to the 40th Congress, serving from July 22, 1868, to March 3, 1869. He was succeeded by fellow Republican Alfred Buck. Kellogg then moved to New York City and later to Alliance, Ohio, where he died. He is interred in Fulton Street Cemetery in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

title: Francis William Kellogg


text: File:FogartysCoveAlbum.jpg

title: File:FogartysCoveAlbum.jpg


text: Category:Physiologists

title: Category:Physiologists


text:
Talk:List of countries by GDP (nominal)

2021 IMF Nominal GDP of Pakistan, source?
The "IMF, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2021" does not give a Nominal GDP figure for Pakistan in 2021, at least in terms of the relatively stable American dollar. The Nominal GDP figure is however given in American dollars for 2020, and it is much lower than 347 billion, at 261 billon and 726 million dollars. Where is the source for the 347 billion dollar figure currently quoted for Pakistan in that IMF dataset, and if there really is a source why isn't it highlighted in the table somewhere relevant so that it can be then checked up on for its reliability?

Update
New IMF figures are out,when is it going to be updated? 2A02:9130:80B8:2417:9B5F:594C:CA3C:BDDF (talk) 08:00, 16 April 2024 (UTC)

Taiwan rank
taiwan is currently grouped together with poland at rank 21. it looks rather odd, since in no way of counting would taiwan actually be ranked 21st. i think it should either similar edits would then need to be done to the other unranked entries. EnTerbury (talk) 22:18, 16 April 2024 (UTC)
 * not be included within rank 21, and just have an empty, separate ranking field, or
 * be within row 22, above belgium, with "22" on the same height as belgium.

Suspecious political motivated edits regarding the recent mess of ranking change
The recent change of ranking convention has been a total mess caused by some IPs from specific country who attempted to hint their political belief at a non-political related topic. @北京555 pursued a one-side claim some entries have no IMF information which should be blanked, but some entries for example such as Taiwan and Kosovo have been listed among the IMF yearbooks for years, were excluded from the ranking due to their partially recognized status, but many non-sovereign entities such as Hongkong and Macau are given a rank, I don't really get the idea about it. This issue has to be resolved by an overall disscussion joint by more eligible editors who can make a coherent body of all GDP-related lists. They all used different instructions of the ranks and it seems a total chaos that does not have a consistent standard. Sheherherhers (talk) 12:27, 7 May 2024 (UTC)

 * A few months ago a consensus was reached, as you can see on the discussion page that included a third opinion. 北京555 (talk) 21:37, 7 May 2024 (UTC)
 * The table is ranked according to the IMF & World Bank, which does not include territories and countries with partial recognition that are not ranked. If the matter is "political" you are welcome to contact the IMF and the World Bank who decided not to mark or generalise these countries. 北京555 (talk) 21:40, 7 May 2024 (UTC)
 * Also as it’s been said above it does not include countries which there is no available up to date economic data such as Syria, Lebanon and Cuba 北京555 (talk) 21:42, 7 May 2024 (UTC)
 * As I said, the IMF have long included statistical entries for Taiwan, Palestine and KOsovo in the yearbooks, you only delibrately disregard about the information. Sheherherhers (talk) 04:56, 8 May 2024 (UTC)
 * It seems to be your one-side resistence for the ranking instruction change as I didn't really see anyone giving an explicit APPROVAL about your "consensus" and there were only 3 editors involved to your previous discussion, and you claimed that's a consensus?? The version with no blanked ranks have been existed for at least past four years, that shall be you to rise a WP:RfC for general discussion in order to build a consistent standard regarding the renew version, I only reverted it to the accepted version that it used to be. Sheherherhers (talk) 04:42, 8 May 2024 (UTC)
 * There is another point of concern regarding this matter.
 * There are a total of 4 Wikipedia pages related to list of countries by gdp.
 * List of countries by GDP (nominal),
 * List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita,
 * List of countries by GDP (PPP),
 * List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita.
 * The problem is that even though all the pages use the data released by the IMF and sort and order the data by that, they treat countries like Taiwan and Kosovo very differently on each page.
 * On the GDP and PPP per capita pages, Taiwan and Kosovo have a grey background,
 * while on the GDP per capita and PPP pages, Taiwan and Kosovo have a white background like the other countries.
 * In former versions, the condition was simply "whether or not there is individual IMF data", regardless of whether the region was a country or not, or whether it was not a limited recognition.
 * In other words, the condition for a grey background and no ranking number to be displayed was . In that version, countries with individual IMF data, such as Taiwan and Kosovo, were properly ranked, and countries without IMF data, such as North Korea and Syria, had a grey background.
 * Moreover, the current version of GDP page does not even rank countries that are members of the IMF and do not have limited recognition, such as Sri Lanka and Lebanon.
 * To resolve this current strange situation, I would like to make a suggestion.
 * In all four pages of GDP, GDP per capita, PPP, and PPP per capita, the criteria for not ranking numbering is set to .
 * This is the same state as the previous version.
 * No matter what conclusion is reached regarding how to number the rankings in this discussion, I hope that the handling on all four pages will be unified. Minchuchui (talk) 12:09, 22 June 2024 (UTC)
 * You probably just didn't read. It is clearly written that countries marked in gray are countries that are not members of the IMF, with limited recognition, and countries for which there is no up-to-date economic data such as Lebanon or Cuba. A few months ago we talked about this issue and defended the agreement that this is better, in addition to that I brought a third opinion that sided with it. 北京555 (talk) 19:16, 22 June 2024 (UTC)
 * For example of a RfC discussion: Template:Rfc Talk:Taiwan/Archive_30

Sheherherhers (talk) 04:48, 8 May 2024 (UTC)

 * As we have already said, we reached a consensus that included a third opinion. If you want to change the existing version, you will have to get a new consensus. 北京555 (talk) 08:57, 8 May 2024 (UTC)
 * If you read the talk page you would know that the page was not like this for four years, for years it was like this and then changed and then once again it was accepted like this, the last consensus received regarding the page was a few months ago, if you want to change it you will need a new consensus, yet does can you specify what you want to change? 北京555 (talk) 09:06, 8 May 2024 (UTC)

Update
Hello should we update the data as of 2025? 北京555 (talk) 22:55, 14 May 2024 (UTC)

Crimea is de jure part of Ukraine, illegally occupied by "russia", and is colored with different tint, making it look like it's not Ukrainian territory.
Following that logics, you could use diferent tint to occupied Zaprizhia, Kharkiv, Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts. Or the whole country, why bother with such intricacies and nuances? 91.189.20.26 (talk) 07:28, 30 June 2024 (UTC)

 * wikipedia editors don't decide what is or isn't legitimate. The reality is just depicted as it is. 0123Qwerty3210 (talk) 19:56, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of countries by GDP (nominal)


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Fogarty's Cove

Fogarty's Cove is a 1977 folk music album by Stan Rogers. It was his first album, released by Barnswallow Records, which was then purchased by Stan Rogers and made into Fogarty's Cove Records.

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Francis Kellogg

Francis Kellogg may refer to:

 * Francis William Kellogg (1810–1879), U.S. Representative from the states of Michigan and Alabama
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