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McKesson Europe

McKesson Europe AG (formerly Celesio AG, previously Gehe AG), with its headquarters in Stuttgart, Germany, is a leading international wholesale and retail company and provider of logistics and services in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors. The company had around 37,000 employees at the end of the 2019 financial year (31 March 2019) and is represented in 13 countries in Europe. In the 2019 financial year the company achieved a turnover of EUR 21.18 billion. The majority shareholder of the company is the US-based McKesson Corporation, which holds a share of 77.01%. The remaining 22.99% of shares are available on the open market. Kevin Kettler, a US citizen, has been Chairman of McKesson Europe since 1 November 2018.

Overview
The head office is situated at Stockholmer Platz in the new Europaviertel of Stuttgart, next to Stadtbibliothek and Milaneo shopping centre. The company's core business consists of pharmaceutical wholesale and pharmacies. In the pharmaceutical wholesaling sector, McKesson Europe has a market presence in 14 countries. It has a range of services for pharmacists on matters of health, medicines and wellness. An extensive distribution network of more than 134 branches provides deliveries to some 65,000 pharmacies and hospitals.

Company structure
The business is divided into two business areas:
 * In the Pharmacy Solutions division, McKesson Europe combines its wholesale activities with pharmaceutical products in nine European countries. More than 50,000 pharmacies and hospitals are supplied from 116 wholesale branches every day. Additional services for pharmacists are also provided, such as pharmacy cooperations and the provision of IT platforms. McKesson Europe also offers various services for suppliers, manufacturers and other companies in the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors.
 * The Consumer Solutions division is aimed at patients and consumers and also includes activities in the areas of retail and mail-order pharmacies and home care. At the end of the 2019 financial year, McKesson Europe had approximately 1,900 retail pharmacies in five countries (Great Britain, Ireland, Belgium, Sweden and Italy) and 6,900 partner and brand partner pharmacies.

1835 - 1948
The chemist and paint business Gehe & Co. was founded on 1 May 1835 by Franz Ludwig Gehe in Dresden on Königstraße and opened to the capital market by converting it into a stock corporation on 1 January 1903. In January 1904, the shares were admitted to trading on the stock exchange in Dresden.

In 1909, the company moved to the new location on Leipziger Straße and the trading house in Königstraße was vacated. With capital increases in 1910 and 1912, the financial basis for the establishment and expansion of a German-wide distribution of "drugs and paints, pharmaceutical and chemical products" was created. In 1922, the company founded its first German branch in Stuttgart. After the Second World War, the parent company in Dresden and most of the branches were expropriated. Gehe & Co. AG made a fresh start in West Germany with branches in Stuttgart, Kassel and Sulzbach-Rosenberg.

1948 - 1981
The Gehe parent company continued to operate in 1947 in Dresden under the name Heilchemie as a publicly owned enterprise and on 1 April 1951 with the nationalised parent company of the pharmaceutical company Dr. Madaus & Co from Radebeul merged to form VEB Arzneimittelwerk Dresden. Haniel took over the majority of the Gehe & Co. AG shares with effect from 1 January 1973. The condition of Haniel was that the GEHE’s management remained in the company, in order to further expand the solid foundation that was established after the war. The name Gehe, known in the pre-war period, was brought to the attention of pharmacists with the revitalised or newly created branches. These branches were formed during the transition to Haniel: Bremen, Hamburg, Kassel, Kelkheim, Landshut, Mühldorf, Munich, Nuremberg, Regensburg and Stuttgart. In 1973, the company achieved a turnover of DM 285 million. Other pharmaceutical wholesalers (Friedrich Schäfer GmbH, Weiterstadt and Kaiserslautern, Wilmaco GmbH, Hamm and Lieser Pharma-GmbH, Duisburg) were brought in to Gehe & Co. AG via the majority shareholder Franz Haniel & Cie.

1981 - 2008
In 1982, the Haniel Group acquired RUWA Rudloff & Watermann GmbH & Co. KG in Minden, a pharmaceutical wholesale company with a branch in Delmenhorst and integrated it into Gehe. In 1985, the Kaiser + Kraft Group, Stuttgart, a mail-order business for transport, storage, operational facilities and office equipment, was acquired. Until 1992, customers in Germany were supplied from the branches based in Hamburg, Berlin, Haan, Dresden, Stuttgart and Munich. In the following years, the group's trading structure spread across 14 countries in Europe and the USA. With the public offering of TAKKT on 15 September 1999, the spin-off of the Mail Order Division was ended.

From 2003
In April 2003, the company celebrated its 100th year. On the birthday of the conversion into a joint-stock company, the Annual General Meeting decided to change the name from Gehe AG to Celesio AG, with a majority of 99.98%. Today, the German subsidiary GEHE Pharma Handel still operates under its original name. In April 2007, Celesio announced the acquisition of 90% of the shares in the mail-order pharmacy DocMorris, in order to build up a pharmacy chain across Germany. The acquisition took place in hopes that the third-party ownership ban of the Pharmacies Act would fail, but it was legitimised in May 2009 by the EuGH. For the pharmaceutical wholesaler Gehe, which was also part of the Celesio Group, the acquisition resulted in a loss of customers as pharmacists saw a threat in the chain. DocMorris was now operated as a franchise-like concept, in which pharmacists were allowed to use the DocMorris brand with the payment of a monthly licence fee. As a result, Celesio sold DocMorris in October 2012 to the company Zur Rose AG.

In June 2009, it became known that Celesio had acquired the majority of the largest Brazilian pharmaceutical wholesaler, Panpharma. In April 2012, Panpharma was fully taken over. In February 2016, Celesio agreed to sell its Brazilian business, consisting of Panpharma and Oncoprod, to the holding of the Brazilian pharmaceutical wholesaler, SantaCruz. In September 2013, Celesio sold its subsidiary, Rudolf Spiegel GmbH, to the company WEPA Apothekenbedarf.

On 24 October 2013, the US-based McKesson Corporation announced an agreement to acquire Celesio for EUR 6.1 billion (approx. EUR 23 per share). However, on 13 January 2014, the company reported that McKesson's acquisition of Celesio was unsuccessful, due to the 75% threshold not being reached. At the start of November 2013, the Elliot hedge fund acquired 12.68% of Celesio from Paul Singer, a well-known course of action by him to benefit from takeovers. Following McKesson's failed takeover, Singer increased his direct and indirect stake to around 32%. On 23 January 2014, Haniel took over the share from the Elliott hedge fund and served the 75.99% one day later to McKesson, which meant that the takeover was still a success. Sainsbury’s and Celesio announced the formation of a strategic pharmacy partnership in July 2013, in the course of which McKesson Europe's subsidiary LloydsPharmacy would acquire Sainsbury’s pharmacy business for GBP 125 million. Until 21 September 2015, the company's shares were listed in MDAX. The quotation in the index was removed, due to the change in the stock exchange segment from Prime Standard to the Regulated Unofficial Market. On 12 September 2017, Celesio was renamed McKesson Europe.

On 12 December 2019, McKesson Corporation announced that it planned to bring its German wholesale business (GEHE Pharma Handel GmbH, a subsidiary of McKesson Europe) into a joint venture with Alliance Healthcare Deutschland AG (a subsidiary of Walgreens Boots Alliance). McKesson should hold 30% of the planned joint venture, Walgreens Boots Alliance 70%.

Management Board

 * Kevin Kettler (chairman of the board, Labour Director, since 1 November 2018)
 * Tilo Köster (Member of the Board, Law and Compliance, since 23 September 2014)
 * Alain Vachon (Member of the Board, Finance, since 16 July 2014).

Supervisory Board

 * Brian S. Tyler (Chairman)
 * Ihno Goldenstein (Deputy Chairman)
 * W. M. Henning Rehder (Deputy Chairman)
 * Detlef Bernhardt
 * Dennis Both
 * Jörg Lauenroth-Mago
 * Pauline Lindwall
 * Susan Naumann
 * Ulrich Neumeister
 * Lori A. Schechter
 * Jack Stephens
 * Britt Vitalone

title: McKesson Europe


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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of war crimes (0th nomination)

Inherently POV and a magnet for controversy and edit war. I'm already in the process of deleting some of the more controversial parts of it. RickK 19:20, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)

 * I hate to say it because I agree with the above, but keep. This topic will be controversial. OTOH, I feel that the concept of the article has potential. - Kenwarren 21:36, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, but limit only to war crimes that have been accepted by an international court or tribunal. - SimonP 23:39, Jul 22, 2004 (UTC)
 * Abstain: A list of the crimes by statute, rather than "things people did that are war crimes" would help. Listing everything anyone has called a warcrime is inherently controversial and POV.  I think the article should stick to a list of things that international courts have defined as war crimes.  (E.g. "Felonies in the US include the following," rather than "It was a felony when Oliver North lied to Congress.") Geogre 00:22, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I was going to vote "Keep" with this reasoning: The controversy will already be in the articles about war crimes, making them more visible by use of a category is only honest. Otherwise, do you rely on the potential contrahents not finding the pages? But this is bogus, as I realized just soon enough: The articles inherently give more context in facts and more nuances on judgement. Reducing this to a simply including or not including in a category doesn't help at all. It's like one of these kafkaesque interrogation scenes, where only the answers "yes" and "no" are allowed. I vote Delete. -- Pjacobi 00:29, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - more trouble than it's worth. -- Cyrius|✎ 06:14, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, however the article needs to be put into two sections, those who have been accused of crimes and found guilty in court, and those who have been accused of war crimes and stating who has done the accusing. It could be a long list... Dunc_Harris|☺ 09:58, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep - at present the scale and NPOV of war crime and crime against humanity articles is dubious: the former because only the very few universally agreed cases taken to court (political decision) are really identified by name, the latter because war crimes are predominantly identified as such by the winning side and many crimes against humanity tend to get sidelined or underreported. An article that lists in summary form incidents which are or have been felt at times to be WC/CAH, and the basis for these feelings, addresses this. That some incidents are felt to be WC/CAH by certain groups and not by others is inherently POV, but the fact that at least some people feel it is a WC/CAH and the basis for their feeling, is not . This is currently neither available, complete nor neutral elsewhere. So long as each entry is NPOV, it'll do its job. (Example: "Excessive force against a civilian population, or military necessity to minimise loss of life?" is a NPOV summary of Hiroshima/Nagasaki in 14 words). Whilst difficult to accept that some people may feel this way, it shouldn't be an edit war, as it can easily and neutrally be verified whether an incident occurred and the basis upon which some populations classify it as an alleged WC/CAH. Let it stand. Perhaps rename to "List of alleged war crimes". There needs to be a list of this kind, however hard the feelings it raises. See Talk:List of War Crimes. FT2 13:09, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, but change title. As it seems the article will focus on incidents where large numbers of civilians were killed. Any such incident will certainly be regarded as a crime by at least some people. (Consider the alternative: Incident X resulted in 100,000 civilian deaths, but not many people were upset by this since it followed international law.) The page will be useful to people who want to get an overview of the scale of different disasters. The warcrime-or-not question should be discussed in the article on each incident. PeR 13:50, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Inescapable POV. All wars are crimes, except for the ones involving only mercenaries (in which case it's a violent game). Wile E. Heresiarch 15:42, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep ONLY if the list is limited to cases that have either already been tried in an international court (eg Nurenburg, International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, or future cases listed by the International Criminal Court, and the article is explicitly described as such. Any bias inherent is therefore their problem. Average Earthman 19:42, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. incapable of NPOV.  Bacchiad 21:56, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Why not change it into List of war crimes prosecutions? That would remove any POV problems.  Postdlf 01:24, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * (Because the decision to prosecute is not neutral. Only a tiny handful of incidents are formally prosecuted. Chechnia, Cambodia, these have not been prosecuted. Perhaps as Per says, change title (Allegations of Crime against Humanity). Restricting the article to prosecuted cases greatly under-represents this crime. It's also inherently NPOV since most cases realistically need Western interest and support to be prosecuted. Crimes against humanity in less strategic parts of the world, or alleged to be committed by the West (USA/Europe) have historically been far less likely in comparison to obtain the political support necessary for a case to be suggested. Somehow this problem needs to be rectified for NPOV, any suggestions how? FT2 05:17, Jul 24, 2004 (UTC))

 * Whether or not something has been prosecuted (successfully or not) is objective fact. Whether or not an incident should be prosecuted is not objective, and cannot be simply made into a list.  If you want to document all possible war crimes, all alleged war crimes, then this must be done with an explanation of the evidence/arguments for and against such a finding rather than blandly listing them as if you were reading the phone book.  I would support such an article, as long as it is actually balanced, rather than balancing by merely assuming another POV to counteract the supposed dominant one.  Postdlf 08:26, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * That works too, it would mean a little more information on each than I'd expected but perhaps thats for the best. FT2 08:40, Jul 24, 2004 (UTC)
 * One further comment—the very epithet of war crime implies a violation of institutional norms, so it would have to be grounded in some way in the perspective of existing legal and governmental power structures. Otherwise, it just becomes rhetoric.  Postdlf 22:10, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Existing legal structures tightly define the legal terms "crime against humanity" and "war crime". One place that they are given formal definition and legal force is the Treaty of Rome. These would provide the level of grounding you're after, if I understand your point rightly. FT2 06:22, Jul 26, 2004 (UTC)
 * Inherently POV. I believe all acts of war are crimes.  Others think only a few are.  Unless this is changed to an article about actual prosecutions, this will only ever be a magnet for trolling, edit wars, wikihate and pointlessness.  Delete    — Chameleon Main/Talk/Images 11:46, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC).
 * Delete - I checked this out expecting something real. Instead it is just a laundry list and if it is kept the Iraq sanctions do not qualify as war crimes under any definition.  -  Tεx  τ  urε  21:55, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Are you sure they don't count "under any definition"? If you lived in quite a few countries outside the West, you would probably cite back the Rome Statute: Genocide: 6a: "Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group ... Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part."
 * Claiming "genocide" for enforcing UN sanctions is laughable. No matter how you choose to mis-engineer the words used to describe it. -  Tεx  τ  urε  16:26, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * See below for sources for your 'laughable'... if 0.5 million dead kids are able to be laughed at. FT2 09:03, Jul 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * A large chunk of the world thinks that the Iraq sanctions were calculated at least in part to further destroy in part a defeated national group (Iraq). The sanctions deliberately and knowingly inflicted conditions (lack of water etc) which brought about the group's physical destruction in part. The part that was 'physically destroyed' included around 0.5 million child non-combatant lives alone. So yes, there is a prima facie legal case.  There is also a potential legal match with Article 7, items 1(k) and 2(a). The core Statute of Rome definitions are met, at least enough to justify a balanced NPOV explaining the circumstances, and both the reasons it might be, and the reasons it might not.
 * Cite your sources for what "the world thinks" (in your opinion). - Tεx  τ  urε  16:26, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * See below FT2 09:03, Jul 28, 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't know if anyone above has noticed, but the page on genocide contains a long list of "alleged genocides". That list seems to work quite well, and the POV issue seems to have been overcome (albeit with substantial debate as one would expect). If a balanced view can be reached on alleged genocides, the same NPOV is possible for various other war crime.  FT2 02:11, Jul 27, 2004 (UTC)
 * That argues for deleting this list and including it in War crimes - Tεx  τ  urε  16:26, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Reluctant delete. The application of the term "war crime" is still too ambiguous to allow the creation of this list.  Maybe in a few more years, the case law will be settled enough, but not right now.  (As a side note, the Iraq sanctions fail to meet FT2's standard of a prima facie case because proximate cause has not been established.) Rossami 04:27, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep --Dittaeva 13:53, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Valid examples of war crimes that have been, or should have been prosecuted based upon a solid understanding of international law, can be incorporated in war crimes (as genocide appears to be handled).  Having a separate list serves no function.  Postdlf 16:11, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Sources to substantiate the claim that a large number classified the iraq sanctions as a crime were requested. A good starting point is the top 100 links at .  Notice these are not "fringe" groups, they include doctors and medical associations, members of parliament, UN officials and bodies, pressure groups, both Western and non-Western writers, media and the like. It's enough evidence that a significant part of the world does indeed seem to think this way. In addition, supporting links to US Department of Defense documents in 1991 discussing the US military's understanding of the scale of death and the US military analysis of the consequences of Iraq's inability to provide drinking water or repair its existing plants, can be found at  and includes links to the DOD Gulflink website for sources.  Other relevant pages include a BBC source and UNESCO. Finally, a legal analysis of the matter with citations can be found at, as part of a broader analysis here. FT2 09:08, Jul 28, 2004 (UTC)

THIS DISCUSSION IS NOW CLOSED: Results 8 delete 7 keep. I cannot consider this to be a consensus to delete, so it is staying. DJ Clayworth 21:25, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Roger Moore (disambiguation)

Sir Roger Moore (1927–2017) was an English actor, most famous for his role as James Bond.

Roger Moore may also refer to:
 * Roger Moore (basketball), American basketball player
 * Roger Moore (computer scientist) (1939–2019), designer and implementer of APL\360
 * Roger Moore (poker player) (1938–2011), member of the Poker Hall of Fame
 * Roger E. Moore (born 1955), writer of roleplaying games including Dungeons & Dragons
 * Roger R. Moore (1922-2020), American politician
 * Rory O'Moore (c. 1600–1655), also known as Sir Roger Moore, a leader of the Irish Rebellion of 1641

title: Roger Moore (disambiguation)


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Richard Burr

Richard Mauze Burr (born November 30, 1955) is an American businessman and politician who served as a United States senator from North Carolina from 2005 to 2023. A member of the Republican Party, Burr was previously a member of the United States House of Representatives.

Born in Charlottesville, Virginia, Burr is a graduate of Wake Forest University. Before seeking elected office, he was a sales manager for a lawn equipment company. In 1994, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives for North Carolina's 5th congressional district as part of the Republican Revolution.

Burr was first elected to the United States Senate in 2004. From 2015 to 2020, he chaired the Senate Intelligence Committee. In 2016, he announced that he would not seek reelection in 2022. Burr temporarily stepped down as chair of the Intelligence Committee on May 15, 2020, amid an FBI investigation into allegations of insider trading during the COVID-19 pandemic. On January 19, 2021, the Department of Justice announced that the investigation had been closed, with no charges against Burr.

Burr was one of seven Republican senators to vote to convict Donald Trump of incitement of insurrection in his second impeachment trial.

Early life, education, and business career
Burr was born on November 30, 1955, in Charlottesville, Virginia, the son of Martha (Gillum) and Rev. David Horace White Burr. He graduated from Richard J. Reynolds High School in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, in 1974 and earned a B.A. in communications from Wake Forest University in 1978. In college, Burr played defensive back for the Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team. He is a member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity.

Before running for Congress, Burr worked for 17 years as a sales manager for Carswell Distributing Company, a distributor of lawn equipment.

U.S. House of Representatives
In 1992, Burr ran against incumbent Representative Stephen L. Neal for the seat in the Winston-Salem-based 5th District and lost. He ran again in 1994 after Neal chose not to seek reelection, and was elected in a landslide year for Republicans.

In the House, Burr authored the FDA Modernization Act of 1997. He also helped create the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. In the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, he successfully sponsored amendments to improve defenses against bioterrorism.

As a representative, Burr co-sponsored, with Senator Kit Bond, an amendment to the Energy Policy Act of 2003 relaxing restrictions on the export of specific types of enriched uranium that were first enacted in the Schumer Amendment to the Energy Policy Act of 1992. The original Schumer amendment placed increased controls on U.S. civilian exports of weapons-grade highly enriched uranium (HEU) to encourage foreign users to switch to reactor-grade low-enriched uranium (LEU) for isotope production. HEU is attractive to terrorists because it can be used to create a simple nuclear weapon, while LEU cannot be used directly to make nuclear weapons. Burr's amendment allowed exports of HEU to five countries for creating medical isotopes.

Burr was reelected four times with no substantial opposition. He never received less than 62% of the vote, and ran unopposed in 2002.

2004
In July 2004, Burr won the Republican primary for the U.S. Senate seat vacated by John Edwards, who chose to not seek reelection while running for vice president as Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry's running mate in the 2004 presidential election.

Burr faced Democratic nominee Erskine Bowles and Libertarian Tom Bailey; he won the election with 51.6% of the vote. Burr was sworn in to the Senate on January 4, 2005.

2010
Burr defeated the Democratic nominee, North Carolina Secretary of State Elaine Marshall, 51%–47%. He was the first Republican since Jesse Helms to be reelected to the U.S. Senate from North Carolina and the first incumbent senator from North Carolina receive a double-digit margin of victory since Sam Ervin's 1968 reelection. Burr's win also represented the first time that North Carolina reelected a senator to this seat since Ervin’s 1968 victory, leading Burr to declare "the curse has been broken" on election night; Democrats and Republicans swapped control of the seat five times between 1968 and 2010.

2016
Burr defeated Democratic nominee Deborah K. Ross, 51%–45%. Burr was an advisor for Donald Trump's successful 2016 presidential campaign.

2022
On July 20, 2016, while campaigning for a third Senate term, Burr announced that he would not seek a fourth term in 2022. He did not seek reelection in 2022.

Burr delivered a farewell address on the Senate floor on December 14, 2022, and his final term expired on January 3, 2023. He was succeeded by Ted Budd.

Tenure and political positions
In 2007, Burr ran for chair of the Senate Republican Conference, but lost to Senator Lamar Alexander of Tennessee by a vote of 31 to 16. In 2009, Senator Jon Kyl of Arizona, the Senate Republican Whip, appointed Burr Chief Deputy Whip in the 111th Congress. In 2007, Burr was named a deputy whip. In 2011, he announced his intention to seek the post of minority whip, the number two Republican position in the Senate, but he dropped out of the race in 2012.

As of January 2021, Burr's votes aligned with President Trump's positions about 89% of the time. He voted against the majority of his party in about 1.5% of votes. The American Conservative Union's Center for Legislative Accountability gave Burr a lifetime rating of 84.22.

Burr served as a member of the board of Brenner Children's Hospital and the West Point Board of Visitors.

Campaign finance
Burr opposed the DISCLOSE Act, which would have required political ads include information about who funded the ad. He supported the U.S. Supreme Court decision Citizens United, which allowed political action committees to spend an unlimited amount of money during elections so long as they were not in direct coordination with candidates.

Economy
During his time in office, Burr was critical of financial regulations; he strongly opposed, and voted against, the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and the creation of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. In 2018, he voted for legislation that partly repealed the Dodd–Frank reforms.

In fall 2008, during the global financial crisis, Burr said he was going to an ATM every day and taking out cash because he thought the financial system would soon collapse. In 2009, in response to press about his experience, Burr said that he would do the same thing again next time.

Burr was a signatory of the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, vowing to oppose to tax increases for any reason. He opposed raising taxes on businesses or high-income people to fund public services.

In 2013, Burr criticized Senator Ted Cruz and other Republican colleagues for filibustering the passage of the fiscal year 2014 federal budget (thereby precipitating a federal government shutdown) in an effort to defund the Affordable Care Act. Burr called the approach of Cruz and allies "the height of hypocrisy" and the "dumbest idea I've ever heard."

Burr opposed ratification of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and supported the adoption of the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement.

In March 2015, Burr voted for an amendment to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to allow employees to earn paid sick time. He opposed raising the federal minimum wage.

In 2016, Burr supported the privatization of Social Security.

Environment and climate change
Burr was one of 20 senators to vote against the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009, a public land management and conservation bill. He supported renewal of the 1965 Land and Water Conservation Fund.

During his time in office, Burr did not accept the scientific consensus on climate change; he acknowledged that climate change is occurring, but expressed doubt that it is caused by human activity. He opposed regulations to limit greenhouse gas emissions, and opposed federal grants or subsidies to encourage the productions of renewable energy. In 2015, he voted against a measure declaring that climate change is real and that human activity significantly contributes to it. In 2013, Burr voted for a measure expressing opposition to a federal tax or fee on carbon emissions. He voted in favor of the Keystone XL pipeline.

In 2017, Burr voted to repeal the Stream Protection Rule as well as rules requiring energy companies to reduce waste, reduce emissions, and disclose payments from foreign governments. In 2019, he voted to repeal an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rule regarding emissions. He supported lowering federal taxes on alternative fuels and the initiation of a hydropower project on the Yadkin River in Wilkes County, North Carolina. In 2011, Burr voted to abolish the EPA and merge it with the U.S. Department of Energy.

In 2019, Burr and nine Republican colleagues founded the Roosevelt Conservation Caucus, which advocates "market-based approaches" to environmental problems; the caucus is supported by the American Conservation Coalition.

Education
In 2017, Burr voted to confirm Betsy DeVos as U.S. education secretary; she was confirmed by a 51–50 vote, with Vice President Mike Pence casting a tie-breaking vote after the Senate deadlocked. DeVos's family donated $43,200 to Burr's 2016 reelection campaign.

Burr typically voted against any increased funding for federal education projects, and in 2016 said he opposed increasing Pell Grants and other forms of student financial aid, including new subsidies aimed at helping students refinance their loans. He supported the goals of charter schools and supported legislation requiring public schools to allow school prayer. He voted for the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.

Foreign policy
Burr has been described as a foreign policy hawk. In 2002, he voted for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution, which authorized the U.S. invasion of Iraq. Burr supported President Bush's troop surge in Iraq in January 2007, saying that the effort to counter the insurgency would increase "security and stability" in Iraq. In February 2019, he voted for a measure disapproving of the withdrawal of U.S. military forces from Afghanistan and Syria. In February 2020, Burr voted against a measure restricting Trump from initiating military action against Iran without congressional approval.

In 2017, Burr co-sponsored the Israel Anti-Boycott Act (s. 720), which would have made it a federal crime for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against Israel and Israeli settlements in the West Bank to protest actions of the Israeli government.

In 2018 and 2019, Burr opposed legislation to prohibit U.S. arms sales to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to end U.S. military assistance to the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen.

Gun policy
In 2016, the NRA Political Victory Fund gave Burr an "A+" rating and endorsed him for reelection for backing pro-gun legislation. The NRA extensively supported Burr's election campaigns. In the 2016 election, the NRA spent nearly $7 million to support Burr against his Democratic rival Deborah Ross; over his career, Burr received more monetary support from the NRA than almost any other member of Congress Burr used the same media consultant as the NRA for his political ads.

In 2013, Burr voted against gun control measures, including extended background checks to internet and gun show weapons purchases and an assault weapons ban. He sponsored legislation to stop the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs from adding the names of veterans to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) if the department had assigned a financial fiduciary to take care of the veteran's finances due to mental incompetence, unless a judge or magistrate deemed them a danger. People added to the NICS system are normally barred from purchasing or owning a firearm. Burr voted against Senator Dianne Feinstein's "no fly no buy" bill, but supported a Republican alternative measure written by Senator John Cornyn which proposed a 72-hour delay on gun sales to people whose names have been on a federal terror watch list within the past five years."

Speaking privately on the topic of guns to a group of Republican volunteers in Mooresville, North Carolina, Burr joked that a magazine cover of Hillary Clinton ought to have had a bullseye on it. He quickly apologized for the comment.

In 2022, Burr was one of ten Republican senators to support a bipartisan agreement on gun control, which involved a red flag provision, a support for state crisis intervention orders, funding for school safety resources, stronger background checks for buyers under the age of 21, and penalties for straw purchases.

Health policy
Burr voted against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in December 2009, and against the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. In 2014, Burr and Senator Orrin Hatch sponsored the Patient Choice, Affordability, Responsibility and Empowerment Act, which would have repealed and replaced the ACA. In 2017, Burr voted for the Republican legislation to replace major parts of the ACA; the legislation failed in the Senate on a 50–49 vote.

In 2012, Burr co-sponsored a plan to overhaul Medicare; his bill would have raised the Medicare eligibility age from 65 to 67 over time and shifted more seniors to private insurance. The proposal would have begun "a transition to a system dominated by private insurance plans."

Burr opposed legislation to allow the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to regulate the tobacco industry, which is economically important in North Carolina, and unsuccessfully tried to filibuster the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009. In 2010, he introduced the National Uniformity for Food Act, unsuccessful legislation that would have banned states from forcing manufacturers to include labels other than those required by the FDA on consumables and health and beauty products.

Social issues
In 2018, Burr voted in favor of legislation to ban abortion after 20 weeks of pregnancy. He supported parental notification laws and efforts to restrict federal funding of Planned Parenthood. He voted to define a pregnancy as carrying an "unborn child" from the moment of conception. He voted to prevent minors who have crossed state lines from getting an abortion, as well as to ensure parents are notified if their child does get an abortion. He voted to extend the federal prohibition on tax dollars being used for abortions by preventing the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services from giving grants to any organization that performs abortions at any of its locations.

Burr opposed the legalization of cannabis for both medical and recreational use. He stated that there should be greater enforcement of current anti-cannabis federal laws in all states, even when cannabis is legal as a matter of state law.

Burr voted for the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010, the only Southern Republican senator to do so. The bill repealed the Defense Department's don't ask, don't tell policy of employment discrimination against openly gay individuals. Burr and John Ensign were the only senators who voted against cloture but for passage; Burr said he opposed taking up the issue of DADT repeal amid wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, but voted in favor of the bill anyway, becoming one of eight Republicans who backed the final repeal bill.

Burr supported a constitutional ban on same-sex marriage, but in 2013 said that he believed the law on same-sex marriage should be left to the states. In 2013, he voted against the Employment Non-Discrimination Act, a bill to extend federal employment discrimination protections to LGBT persons. In 2015, Burr was one of 11 Senate Republicans to vote in favor of allowing same-sex spouses to have access to federal Social Security and veterans' benefits.

Burr supported policies to regulate bathroom access according to sex listed on birth certificates, but sought to distance himself from H.B. 2, North Carolina's controversial "bathroom legislation".

Burr voted to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act in 2013.

Burr voted against earmarking money for programs aimed at reducing teen pregnancy He has stated he supports giving employers the right to restrict access to birth control coverage of employees if it is for moral reasons.

In December 2018, Burr was one of 12 Republican senators to vote against the cloture motion on the First Step Act, a criminal justice reform measure altering federal sentencing laws, but ultimately voted for the law.

Judiciary
In 2016, Burr and other Republican senators opposed holding a nomination hearing for Judge Merrick Garland, whom President Obama nominated to fill a vacancy on the Supreme Court of the United States; he also refused to have a customary meeting with Garland. In 2016, Burr blocked consideration of Obama's nomination of Patricia Timmons-Goodson to fill an 11-year vacancy on U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina. He expressed pride that his actions preventing Timmons-Goodson's confirmation created the longest federal court bench vacancy in U.S. history.

In 2016, Burr said he would attempt to block any future Supreme Court nominations made by then-Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton if she won the presidency in 2016, adding, "I am going to do everything I can do to make sure four years from now, we still got an opening on the Supreme Court."

Burr voted to confirm Trump's Supreme Court nominees Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh. Two days before Christine Blasey Ford was scheduled to testify before the Senate, Burr issued a statement supporting Kavanaugh's nomination despite her testimony. Ford accused Kavanaugh of sexually assaulting her when they were high-school students.

Privacy and surveillance
In 2015, as chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee, Burr proposed a five-year extension of the Patriot Act, which was set to expire in May 2015. Though he originally supported legislation which would reauthorize Patriot Act programs without any reforms, he later softened his position in light of House opposition. Burr was a prominent advocate of retaining language in any reauthorizing legislation to allow the National Security Agency to continue bulk collection of metadata of private telephone records. Ultimately, the Senate rejected controversial amendments in line with Burr's proposals introduced by then-Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, and Congress passed the USA Freedom Act, signed into law in June 2015, which instead allowed the NSA to subpoena the data from telephone companies.

In 2016, after the FBI–Apple encryption dispute, Burr and Senator Dianne Feinstein circulated a draft bill (which was subsequently leaked) that would create a "backdoor" mandate, requiring technology companies to design encryption so as to provide law enforcement with user data in an "intelligible format" when required to do so by court order.

President Trump
Burr was a national security adviser to the Trump campaign. He stated that Trump "aligns perfectly" with the Republican Party. When asked on the campaign trail about Trump's offensive remarks about women, Burr said Trump should be forgiven a few mistakes and given time to change.

In 2017, Burr said of Trump's firing of FBI Director James Comey, "I have found Director Comey to be a public servant of the highest order."

As chair of the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Burr led that chamber's investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. In March 2017, Comey briefed congressional leaders and Intelligence Committee heads on the ongoing investigation into Russian interference in the election. That briefing included "an identification of the principal U.S. subjects of the investigation." The Mueller report found that Burr had then corresponded with the Trump White House a week later about the Russia probes, with the White House Counsel's office, led by Don McGahn, apparently receiving "information about the status of the FBI investigation."

In December 2019, amid an impeachment inquiry into Trump over the Trump-Ukraine scandal (Trump's request that Ukraine announce an investigation into his political rival Joe Biden), Burr pushed the debunked conspiracy theory that Ukraine meddled in the 2016 election. Burr said, "There's no difference in the way Russia put their feet, early on, on the scale—being for one candidate and everybody called it meddling—and how the Ukrainian officials did it." During Trump's first impeachment trial, Burr said he would oppose removing Trump from office even if a quid pro quo was confirmed. He opposed calling Trump's former National Security Adviser John Bolton as a witness at the Senate trial; Bolton had written that Trump had tied U.S. security aid to Ukraine to the country's taking action against Biden. Burr voted to acquit Trump on the two charges of obstruction of Congress and abuse of power.

On February 9, 2021, Burr voted against the constitutionality of Trump's second impeachment trial. Nevertheless, on February 13, Burr was one of seven Republicans to vote to convict. On February 16, the North Carolina Republican Party censured him for the vote.

Insider trading allegations
In early February 2020, just before the COVID-19 market crash, Burr sold more than $1.6 million of stock in 33 transactions during a period when, as head of the Senate Intelligence Committee, he was being briefed daily regarding potential health threats from COVID-19. He sold 95% of the holdings in his Individual Retirement Account (IRA). According to the FBI, Burr's sales six days before "a dramatic and substantial" downturn in the stock market allowed him to profit more than $164,000 and avoid $87,000 in losses. The stocks sold included several considered vulnerable to economic downturns, such as hotel chains. Burr's brother-in-law Gerald Fauth also subsequently sold stocks; according to the Securities and Exchange Commission, Burr had a 50-second phone conversation with Fauth in February 2020, immediately after which Fauth sold shares.

On March 19, before Burr's stock trades were publicly known, NPR reported Burr had warned a private organization in North Carolina on February 27 about the dangers of the virus, likely containment steps, and their extreme economic impacts on stocks and businesses, just two weeks after the stock sale. The advice contradicted his comments in a Fox News op-ed with Lamar Alexander on February 7. The organization he spoke to was Tar Heel Circle, a nonpartisan club of businesses and organizations that costs between $500 and $10,000 to join and assures members "enjoy interaction with top leaders and staff from Congress, the administration, and the private sector."

Later on March 19, the nonprofit investigative organization ProPublica broke news of Burr's stock transactions. When asked for comment, a spokesperson first "express[ed] displeasure with NPR's earlier characterizations” of the February 27 Tar Heel Circle event, and later added, "As the situation continues to evolve daily, he has been deeply concerned by the steep and sudden toll this pandemic is taking on our economy." The Raleigh News & Observer editorial board criticized Burr's conduct: "Burr had a clear grasp of the danger ahead. Why did he only share it with a group whose member companies… contributed more than $100,000… to Burr’s last re-election campaign? Why didn’t Burr provide his assessment to all the constituents he is supposed to serve, as well as the national media?" Fox News pundit Tucker Carlson called for Burr's resignation in the face of the allegations.

The Department of Justice, in coordination with the Securities and Exchange Commission, launched a formal probe into the stock sales made during the early days of the coronavirus epidemic by several legislators, including Burr. Burr was also sued by a shareholder for alleged STOCK Act violations.

On May 13, the FBI served a search warrant on Burr at his Washington residence and seized his cellphone. He temporarily stepped down as chair of the Intelligence Committee the next day, taking effect on May 15.

On January 19, 2021, the last full day of the Trump administration, the Justice Department informed Burr that it would not pursue charges against him.

The FBI's search warrant affidavit was partially unsealed in September 2022, after litigation by the Los Angeles Times and the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press.

Burr was one of only three senators to oppose the STOCK Act of 2012, which prohibits members of Congress and congressional staff from using nonpublic information in securities trading.

2021 storming of the United States Capitol
On May 28, 2021, Burr abstained from voting on the creation of an independent commission to investigate the January 6 United States Capitol attack.

Committee assignments

 * Committee on Finance
 * Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (Ranking)
 * Subcommittee on Children and Families
 * Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety
 * Subcommittee on Primary Health and Retirement Security
 * Select Committee on Intelligence
 * Special Committee on Aging

Caucus membership

 * Congressional Boating Caucus (Co-chair)
 * International Conservation Caucus
 * Sportsmen's Caucus
 * Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism Caucus
 * Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus

Personal life
Burr's car, a 1973 Volkswagen Thing, is "something of a local celebrity" on Capitol Hill. Burr has a known aversion to reporters, once even climbing out of his office window while carrying his dry cleaning to avoid them. Burr is a member of the United Methodist Church.

Burr has been married to Brooke Fauth Burr, a real estate agent, since 1984, and they have two sons, Tyler and William. Both work for tobacco companies. He is a distant relative of 19th century vice-president Aaron Burr, as a descendant of one of Aaron Burr's brothers.

Post-Congressional career

Upon leaving Congress, Burr took a job at law firm DLA Piper as a principal policy advisor and chair of the Health Policy Strategic Consulting Practice.

title: Richard Burr


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Soyuz TM-2

Soyuz TM-2 was a crewed spaceflight to the Soviet space station Mir, which was uncrewed at the time. TM-2 was launched on February 5, 1987, and it was first crewed spaceflight of the Soyuz-TM spacecraft, and the second crewed spaceflight to Mir (the first being Soyuz T-15). The crew of the long duration expedition, Mir EO-2, who were launched by TM-2 consisted of Soviet cosmonauts Yuri Romanenko and Aleksandr Laveykin.

The spacecraft remained docked to Mir, functioning as a lifeboat for the EO-2 crew, until July 1987 when it returned to Earth carrying Laveykin and the two man crew of Mir EP-1. Romanenko later returned to Earth in Soyuz TM-3 at the end of EO-2.

Mission parameters

 * Mass: 7100 kg
 * Perigee: 341 km
 * Apogee: 365 km
 * Inclination: 51.6°
 * Period: 91.6 minutes

Mission highlights
Early in the expedition EO-2, the module Kvant-1 was launched to automatically dock with Mir. The docking system, known as the "Igla system", was not behaving as expected. On April 5 the EO-2 crew retreated to the Soyuz TM-2 spacecraft so that they could escape in the event the module got out of control. About 200 m out, the docking system lost its lock on Mir's aft port antenna. The cosmonauts watched from within Soyuz TM-2 as the Kvant/ FSM combination passed within 10 m of the station. Following an emergency spacewalk, Kvant fully docked to the station on April 11.

title: Soyuz TM-2


text:
Alfred Kubin

Alfred Leopold Isidor Kubin (10 April 1877 – 20 August 1959) was an Austrian printmaker, illustrator, and occasional writer. Kubin is considered an important representative of Symbolism and Expressionism.

Biography
Kubin was born in Bohemia in the town of Leitmeritz, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Litoměřice). From 1892 to 1896, he was apprenticed to the landscape photographer Alois Beer, although he learned little. In 1896, he attempted suicide on his mother's grave, and his short stint in the Austrian army the following year ended with a nervous breakdown. In 1898, Kubin began a period of artistic study at a private academy run by the painter Ludwig Schmitt-Reutte, before enrolling at the Munich Academy in 1899, without finishing his studies there. In Munich, Kubin discovered the works of Odilon Redon, Edvard Munch, James Ensor, Henry de Groux, and Félicien Rops. He was profoundly affected by the prints of Max Klinger, and later recounted: "Here a new art was thrown open to me, which offered free play for the imaginative expression of every conceivable world of feeling. Before putting the engravings away I swore that I would dedicate my life to the creation of similar works". The aquatint technique used by Klinger and Goya influenced the style of his works of this period, which are mainly ink and wash drawings of fantastical, often macabre subjects. Kubin produced a small number of oil paintings in the years between 1902 and 1910, but thereafter his output consisted of pen and ink drawings, watercolors, and lithographs. In 1911, he became associated with the Blaue Reiter group, and exhibited with them in the Galerie Der Sturm in Berlin in 1913. After that time, he lost contact with the artistic avant-garde. Kubin is considered an important representative of Symbolism and Expressionism and is noted for dark, spectral, symbolic fantasies, often assembled into thematic series of drawings. Like Oskar Kokoschka and Albert Paris Gütersloh, Kubin had both artistic and literary talent. He illustrated works of Edgar Allan Poe, E. T. A. Hoffmann, and Fyodor Dostoevsky, among others. Kubin also illustrated the German fantasy magazine Der Orchideengarten.

From 1906 until his death, he lived a withdrawn life in a Manor-House on a 12th-century estate in Zwickledt, Upper Austria. In 1938, at the Anschluss of Austria and Nazi Germany, his work was declared entartete Kunst or "degenerate art," but he managed to continue working during World War II.

The Other Side
Kubin's only literary work was Die andere Seite (1908), a fantastic novel set in an oppressive imaginary land. The novel has an atmosphere of claustrophobic absurdity similar to the writings of Franz Kafka, who admired the book. The illustrations for the book were originally intended for The Golem by Gustav Meyrink, but as that book was delayed, Kubin instead worked his illustrations into his own novel.

Nazi-looted art
In 2016, the Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus Munich restituted, to the heirs of Max and Hertha Morgenstern, 16 drawings by Kubin which had been sold under duress in Vienna in July 1938 as a result of Nazi persecution of Jews following Austria's Anschluss with Nazi Germany. Lenbachhaus had acquired them from Kurt Otte, a Kubin collector in Hamburg in 1971.

The German Lost Art Foundation lists 24 artworks by Kubin in its database, many of which are from the Found-Object Reports from the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden Kupferstichkabinett in Dresden which launched Nazi-era provenance research in 2008.

Honours and awards

 * City of Vienna Prize for Visual Arts (1950)
 * Grand Austrian State Prize for Visual Art (1951)
 * Austrian Medal for Science and Art (1957)
 * Gustav Klimt badge as an honorary member of the Vienna Secession

Collections

 * Kubin's Dance of Death and Other Drawings (1973) (art collection) (ISBN 9780486228846)
 * The Life and Art of Alfred Kubin (2017) (autobiography) (ISBN 9780486815305)

title: Alfred Kubin


text:
Government of Hawaii

The Government of Hawaii (Aupuni o Hawaiʻi) is the governmental structure as established by the Constitution of Hawaii, the 50th state to have joined the United States.

Statewide elected offices

 * Governor of Hawaii
 * Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii

The current Governor of Hawaii is Josh Green (D) and the current Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii is Sylvia Luke (D).

Agencies

 * Department of Accounting and General Services
 * Department of Agriculture
 * Department of the Attorney General
 * Department of Budget and Finance
 * Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism
 * Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs
 * State of Hawaii Department of Defense (see also Hawaii National Guard)
 * Hawaii Emergency Management Agency
 * Department of Education
 * Hawaii State Public Library System
 * Department of Hawaiian Homelands
 * Department of Health
 * Department of Human Resources Development
 * Department of Human Services
 * Department of Labor and Industrial Relations
 * Department of Land and Natural Resources
 * Department of Public Safety[a]
 * Department of Taxation
 * Department of Transportation
 * University of Hawaii

[a]In 2024, the Department of Public Safety will be split up into the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation and the Department of Law Enforcement.

Legislative branch

 * Hawaii State Legislature
 * Hawaii State House of Representatives
 * Hawaii State Senate

Judicial branch

 * Hawaii State Judiciary
 * Supreme Court of Hawaii
 * Hawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals
 * Hawaii State Circuit Courts
 * Hawaii State Family Courts
 * Hawaii State District Courts
 * Hawaii State Land Court
 * Hawaii State Tax Appeal Court

Independent state agencies

 * Office of Hawaiian Affairs

Counties

 * County of Hawaii – county seat in Hilo
 * City and County of Honolulu – county seat in Honolulu
 * Kalawao County
 * County of Kauai – county seat in Lihue
 * County of Maui – county seat in Wailuku

title: Government of Hawaii


text:
Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland

Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (SdRP)  (Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, SdRP) was a social-democratic political party in Poland created in 1990, shortly after the Revolutions of 1989. The party was the main party of the successor parties to the Polish United Workers Party (PZPR).

Among the creators and leading figures of SdRP were the former Polish president Aleksander Kwaśniewski, former speaker of the Sejm Józef Oleksy and former Prime Minister Leszek Miller.

On 15 April 1999, the SdRP was folded into the Democratic Left Alliance.


text:
User talk:Charlie1234

Hi. regarding your edit on Klein bottle -- your change to the diagram is incorrect; the bottlen does intersect itself. I've restored Image:KleinBottleCrossSection.PNG. -- Tarquin 19:29, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Unverified image
Thanks for uploading the image I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the image and I'll tag it for you. Thanks, Kbh3rd 00:27, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Image:KleinBottleCrossSection.jpg

title: User talk:Charlie1234


text:
Mike McIntyre

Douglas Carmichael "Mike" McIntyre II (born August 6, 1956) is an American attorney and politician who was first elected to represent North Carolina's 7th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1996. He served for 18 years from 1997 to 2015. McIntyre is a Democrat and, during his tenure in the House of Representatives, was a member of the Blue Dog Coalition.

Personal life
Born August 6, 1956, McIntyre attended public schools in his hometown of Lumberton, North Carolina. He demonstrated an interest in leadership through public service at a young age by serving as Student Body Treasurer and later Student Body President of Lumberton High School. During this time, his interest in politics also formed through his services as a page for the North Carolina Senate in 1971 and his selection to attend Boys State in 1973, where he was elected Mayor of his city. He also participated in the Washington Workshops Congressional Seminar in the summer of 1973 and the advanced seminar in 1974. McIntyre graduated from high school in 1974.

A Morehead Scholar at the University of North Carolina, he graduated Phi Beta Kappa as a political science major in 1978 and received his Juris Doctor in 1981. During his senior year of college, the chancellor presented him the Algernon Sydney Sullivan Award for best exemplifying "unselfish interest in the welfare of his fellow man" during his collegiate career. While a law student, McIntyre served as one of North Carolina's youngest delegates at the 1980 Democratic National Convention in support of Jimmy Carter.

In 1987, McIntyre was chosen as one of the state's Five Outstanding Young North Carolinians of the Year by the North Carolina Jaycees. As a strong advocate of issues that impact the family, he was a charter member of both the North Carolina Commission on Children & Youth and the North Carolina Commission on the Family. In 1989, McIntyre earned the Governor's Award for Outstanding Volunteer Service for his longtime commitment and work with children and educators as a volunteer in the public school system. Until his election to Congress, McIntyre practiced law in his native Robeson County.

Active in community, church, civic, and professional activities, McIntyre served as a leader in the Lumberton Area Chamber of Commerce, coached three All-American Drug-Free Sports Teams, and has been active in Rotary Club, Boy Scouts, the Parent-Teacher Association, and Young Life. Additionally, he has been a lay leader in the First Presbyterian Church of Lumberton with service as an Elder, Deacon, Sunday school teacher and Chairman of the Weekday School and Day Care Committee. McIntyre married Dee Strickland in June 1982. The couple has two sons, Joshua and Stephen, who both won scholarships to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and are now attorneys.

Committee assignments

 * House Committee on Agriculture (Vice-Ranking Member)
 * Subcommittee on Conservation, Energy, and Forestry
 * Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Livestock and Horticulture
 * Subcommittee on Rural Development, Biotechnology, Specialty Crops, and Foreign Agriculture (Chairman)
 * Subcommittee on Livestock, Rural Development and Credit
 * Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Energy and Research
 * House Armed Services Committee
 * Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces (Ranking Member)
 * Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces
 * Subcommittee on Terrorism, Unconventional Threats and Capabilities
 * Special Oversight Panel on Terrorism (Vice-Chairman)
 * Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe

Congressional caucuses
At one time, McIntyre was said to have been a member of the most congressional caucuses in the House of Representatives. Additionally, he was founder and/or co-chairman of the following caucuses:
 * Adopt a Country Caucus (Co-Chairman and Co-Founder)
 * Air Force Caucus (Co-Chairman)
 * Congressional Boating Caucus (Co-Chairman)
 * Congressional Caucus on Youth Sports (Chairman and Founder)
 * Congressional Prayer Caucus (Co-Chairman)
 * Congressional United Kingdom Caucus (Co-Chairman)
 * Congressional Waterways Caucus (Co-Chairman and Co-Founder)
 * Friends of Scotland Caucus (Co-Chairman and Co-Founder)
 * National Task Force on Fatherhood (Co-Chairman)
 * Rural Caucus (Co-Chairman)
 * Rural Healthcare Coalition (Co-Chairman)
 * Special Operations Forces Caucus (Co-Chairman and Co-Founder)
 * Congressional Constitution Caucus

Agriculture and economic development
Largely composed of rural communities and farm families, support and representation for farmers and rural economic development is imperative for many constituents in the 7th district. When elected to Congress in 1996, McIntyre obtained a seat on the U.S. House Committee on Agriculture and by retirement was the second highest-ranking member. In 2009, McIntyre was elected Chairman of the Subcommittee on Rural Development, Biotechnology, Specialty Crops, and Foreign Agriculture. Through the years, he also served on the following subcommittees: General Commodities, Livestock and Horticulture; Conservation, Energy and Forestry; Livestock, Rural Development and Credit; Conservation, Credit, Energy and Research. McIntyre additionally served as Chairman of the Rural Caucus Task Force on Jobs, Economic Development and Transportation and later became Co-Chairman of the entire Rural Caucus.

Notably, McIntyre co-authored and co-sponsored legislation with Rep. Bill Jenkins (TN) titled, The Fair and Equitable Tobacco Reform Act, otherwise known as the "tobacco buyout." This legislation was the result of many years of work in an effort to relieve suffering tobacco farmers and after a long debate, this landmark legislation was signed into law as part of the American Jobs Creation Act in 2004. The tobacco buyout eliminated the quota and price support system that was in place and provided $10.1 billion in payments made over ten years to tobacco quota owners and growers for the elimination of their government created quotas. These payments, known as the Tobacco Transition Payment Program, allowed farmers to reduce debt and diversify or expand operations in tobacco and other farm enterprises such as vineyards. The last payment was made in January, 2014.

Business and economic development was always at the forefront of McIntyre's agenda and his work has focused on promoting jobs, workforce development and business opportunities. As Chairman of the House Subcommittee on Rural Development, McIntyre supported the Microenterprise Business and Rural Entrepreneur Program to help businesses which employ less than 10 people. He worked closely with USDA Rural Development throughout his years in Congress to bring funding for town halls, public works facilities, day care centers, fire and rescue stations, police departments, courthouses, small businesses, housing assistance, health care facilities, hospitals and other public needs to southeastern North Carolina.

McIntyre also worked on legislation to establish the Southeast Crescent Regional Commission which was signed into law as part of the 2008 Farm Bill. The purpose of the commission is to alleviate poverty and promote economic growth in the most distressed areas of the southeastern United States. The commission awards grants to areas in need to fund projects that meet the criteria for community betterment, including infrastructure, education and training, entrepreneurship, and leadership development.

McIntyre was well known for his coordination of the annual North Carolina Business and Economic Summit in Washington, initially called "The Washington Perspective" and later called "Taking Care of Business", which attracted approximately 250 business, Chamber of Commerce and civic leaders annually in September. These events were co-hosted by two other congressmen originally and currently has almost the entire congressional delegation continuing this popular tradition.

McIntyre has received significant recognition for his work in the agriculture and economic development arenas. He was named as the first recipient ever of an international award in public policy by the International Association of Personnel in Employment Security for his efforts to produce job opportunities and increase worker training. The National Association of Development Organizations honored him for his leadership in regional economic development, and the Southern Economic Development Council has chosen him five times for its Legislative Honor Roll. In 2002, he won the North Carolina Employment Security Advancing Workforce Development Award. McIntyre's service to agriculture has been recognized by numerous agricultural organizations including the American Farm Bureau Federation, the National Farmers Union, and the AgFirst Farm Credit Bank. In 2007, he was named National Legislator of the Year by the National Farm Service Agency Employees Association. He had received the Distinguished Service to Agriculture Award from the Robeson County Crop Promotion Association in 1998 and subsequently received the North Carolina Distinguished Service to Agriculture Award from the N.C. Farm Bureau in 2014.

Coastal communities
As the U.S. representative of many coastal communities, McIntyre was instrumental in securing over half a billion dollars in funding to ensure the beaches, waterways, inlets and ports of North Carolina's 7th district were adequately maintained. He was founder and co-chairman of the Congressional Waterways Caucus, was co-chairman of the Congressional Boating Caucus, and was a member of the House Coastal Caucus and House Oceans Caucus. For his work on beach and waterway issues, McIntyre was named Coastal Advocate of the Year by the American Shore and Beach Preservation Association; received the Admiral's Circle Award from the National Marine Manufacturers Association; received the Conservationist Award from the NC Coastal Land Trust; received the J.W. Pate Award from the Cape Fear River Assembly; and was named Beach Preservationist of the Year by the Oak Island Beach Preservation Society.

Constituent services
Constituent service was a top priority for McIntyre. Through both the Washington and district offices, McIntyre and his staff worked to help veterans obtain medals earned during their service, assist senior citizens with their social security or Medicare benefits, aid citizens in obtaining a passport for travel, or personally welcome constituents to the nation's capital.

McIntyre placed a sign in the entry area of his office that stated: "This Office Belongs to the People of the Seventh Congressional District."

Healthcare
During his time in office, McIntyre was a member and former co-chairman of the House Rural Health Care Coalition which advocates for advancing rural priorities in health care. Additionally, he was a member of several Congressional caucuses that worked to prevent disease and secure research funding including the Congressional Community Pharmacy Caucus, Congressional Diabetes Caucus, the House Cancer Caucus, the House Vision Caucus, and the Youth Sports Caucus.

For his work on rural health care initiatives, McIntyre has been named a "Super Hero" six times by the National Association of Community Health Centers. He was also presented with the National Rural Health Association’s Legislative award in 2000 (as one of five Representatives) and in 2003 (as the only Representative) for demonstrating great dedication to the health of rural Americans.

Military and veterans' affairs
Working on legislation to support the nation's armed forces was of particular importance to McIntyre, who represented a district that initially was home to four major military bases, Camp Lejeune, New River Air Station, Fort Bragg, and Pope Air Force Base, as well as Military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point, three Coast Guard stations and several National Guard armories. McIntyre served on the House Armed Services Committee for the duration of his time in office and was the third highest-ranking member by retirement. He was Vice-Chairman of the Special Oversight Panel on Terrorism, the top Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces, and a member of the Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces.

McIntyre was Co-Founder and Co-Chairman of the Special Operations Forces Caucus, which was started in an effort to recognize the critical role that Special Operations Forces and the U.S. Special Operations Command have in national security missions. For his work, McIntyre has been recognized by the Air Force Association, American Legion, Association of the U.S. Army, Disabled American Veterans, Navy League, Special Forces Charitable Trust, and the VFW. He received the Charles Dick Medal of Merit Award from the North Carolina National Guard in the year 2000 for his strong support of the National Guard and national defense. He has also been inducted as an Honorary Member of the Fleet Reserve Command, made an Honorary Life Member of the N.C. Chapter of the Military Officers Association of America, and presented the Distinguished Public Service Award from the U.S. Secretary of the Navy, its highest civilian honor.

During his tenure in Congress, McIntyre helped secure funds for several new Veterans Affairs clinics, including a dialysis center in Fayetteville, N.C. He successfully advocated for the establishment of two additional veterans' health clinics in Robeson and Brunswick counties, as well as the building of a new veterans regional health center in Wilmington. McIntyre was awarded National Legislator of the Year in 2008 and the All-American Hero Award in 2009 and 2013 for work advocating on behalf of veterans, including support of an annual Military Construction and VA Appropriations bill that adequately meets the needs of veterans. He supported the authorization for the construction nationally of five new polytrauma centers and three Centers of Excellence in Mental Health, and was also an original co-sponsor of the Joshua Omvig Veterans Suicide Prevention Act, which was passed by the U.S. House and provides outreach, education, and training to VA staff to ensure that veterans are receiving adequate mental health care.

NASA
McIntyre has always been a supporter of NASA and the space program, stating the following: "Not only does space exploration inspire and excite, but it also has numerous practical benefits to people everywhere: from GPS to pacemakers; from microwave ovens to highly advanced computing systems; from water purification to search and rescue missions; from cancer therapy to robotics; from lightweight, durable metals to power generation of energy and telecommunications; from solar cells and batteries to recycling and waste management. Technological improvements affecting weather predictions, storm monitoring, agricultural production and global transportation have greatly affected our lives and helped our environment on earth. Fascination with the vastness of God's creation and the make-up of the universe is a never-ending discovery that always inspires us and advances our ingenuity and imagination and increases greatly our education in so many fields of learning and human endeavor. Indeed, there are no limits to space exploration and the discoveries made by the human spirit."

Senior citizens
McIntyre was recognized with a pair of boxing gloves from the National Committee to Preserve Social Security and Medicare because of his advocacy work on behalf of senior citizens. He also received the M.V.P. Award for the entire Congress from the TREA Senior Citizens League in 2004 and later received the Seniors Advocate Award for his legislative leadership on behalf of seniors in 2012.

Youth sports
Advocacy for youth sports was a priority during McIntyre's congressional career. He coached youth sports in Robeson County for several years in T-ball, baseball, football, and basketball, including three All-American Drug-Free teams. McIntyre was the first volunteer coach in the county to be certified by the National Youth Sports Coaches Association and the first to qualify his teams for the All-American Drug-Free Team based on character development and drug education and awareness. He was a charter member of, and helped to incorporate, the Lumberton Youth Baseball Association, which has subsequently spawned several championship teams on the regional, state, and national levels.

Congressman McIntyre is the Founder and Chairman of the Congressional Caucus on Youth Sports. Through cooperative efforts with the Citizenship through Sports Alliance, McIntyre and former NBA star Clark Kellogg, now a CBS Sports analyst and commentator, presented a National Report Card on the State of Youth Sports in 2005 at the National Press Club in Washington. Their goal was to draw attention to the need for greater respect, cooperation, discipline, and commitment to youth sports. Having introduced a Youth Sports Legislative Agenda, McIntyre has also hosted three regional youth sports conferences and has worked with the NFL, NBA, NHL, PGA, NCAA, U.S. Soccer, U.S. Tennis and the U.S. Olympic Committee in promoting youth sports, fitness, and recreation nationally.

Congressman McIntyre has received several honors and recognitions in the area of youth sports. He was honored with the National Congressional Award in 2006 by the National Recreation and Park Association for his leadership in promoting youth sports and recreational programs. He was also recognized by the Positive Coaching Alliance for his promotion of teamwork, commitment, persistence, empathy, and leadership among young athletes. In 2008, he was named an International Sports Ethics Fellow by the Institute for International Sport in recognition of his leadership through positive example. His selection placed him among a unique group of sports celebrities such as Grant Hill, David Robinson, Mia Hamm, and Jeff Gordon.

Congressman McIntyre also played sports throughout his years in Congress. He played second base on the Congressional Baseball Team for a number of years, participated in Congressional Basketball and Football Games, as well as tennis, soccer and golf matches. These charitable events benefitted organizations such as the Boys and Girls Clubs, the Literary Council, and efforts to fight breast cancer, prostate cancer, and homelessness. In 2012, he earned his black belt in Taekwondo from Grand Master Jhoon Rhee, an instructor of boxing champion Muhammad Ali and martial arts star Bruce Lee. Additionally, he earned the Presidential Champion Gold Award given under a tiered system designed to encourage physical activity and sponsored by the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.

Black history celebrations and recognitions
Congressman McIntyre had a strong relationship with the African-American community, and he was one of only two congressmen known to both host and sponsor his own event in recognition of Black History Month. Each year he would honor African-American elected officials from all levels of government throughout his district, and he would invite a colleague from the Congressional Black Caucus as his special guest of honor to come to southeastern North Carolina for the celebration, which regularly drew hundreds of attendees over the years. McIntyre also obtained appropriations for expansion of the African-American cultural center in Robeson County, where many of the celebrations were held. He was honored for his work by several African-American churches and communities through the years.

Lumbee recognition bills
McIntyre was a well-known champion of the fight for federal recognition of the Lumbee Tribe, which has its tribal headquarters in his home county of Robeson and is the largest tribe east of the Mississippi River. Twice McIntyre successfully shepherded federal recognition bills through Congress, putting together a coalition of Democrats, Republicans, liberals, moderates and conservatives, after he personally lobbied his colleagues one-by-one. McIntyre argued that recognition for them was a matter of dignity and respect and would help the tribe with funding for education, health care and economic development. The House passed the bill he introduced in 2007 by a veto-proof margin (despite the Bush administration's opposition) of two-thirds of the House. The bill passed again in 2009 and was supported by the Obama administration. Both times, however, the Senate failed to bring the measure in that chamber to the floor for a vote.

Prayer caucus leadership
McIntyre was Co-Chairman of the Congressional Prayer Breakfast, which had over 100 members. The caucus met regularly on the first night of each week that Congress was in session—just across the hall from the House chamber to pray for wisdom for decisions to be made that week and to pray for constituents' needs in their communities back home.

McIntyre also had the opportunity to serve as Co-Chairman of the Congressional Prayer Breakfast, which is for current and former Members of Congress. This weekly breakfast is a time when these individuals get together to pray for each other and to hear testimony from a colleague in Congress.

In this capacity, McIntyre has also spoken briefly at the National Prayer Breakfast, which has occurred every year with every President since Eisenhower. Nearly 3000 lay leaders, clergy, business leaders and other citizens join various world leaders, the Joint Chiefs of Staff from the Pentagon, Senators, Members of Congress and other persons from the three branches of government, gathered in Washington for this event on the first Thursday in February.

At the National Day of Prayer Ceremony on Capitol Hill, which occurs on the first Thursday in May in conjunction with the national celebration, McIntyre was invited twice to speak on behalf of the Legislative Branch of Government.

In 2006 the Center for Christian Statesmanship selected him as the Distinguished Christian Statesman of the Year for "his character, leadership, integrity and faithfulness in public service."

Scottish-American relations
North Carolina's 7th district includes the largest number of Scottish-American descendants in the United States. McIntyre co-founded and co-chaired the Friends of Scotland caucus and was the original sponsor of the unanimously passed H.Res. 41 "Expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that a day should be established as 'National Tartan Day' to recognize the outstanding achievements and contributions made by Scottish-Americans to the United States."

In 2008, McIntyre came to the rescue for Scottish literature and poetry when it was discovered that the Library of Congress had made changes to its world renowned classification system, removing 40 headings and subheadings for Scottish writing and moving the body of work under the "English" classification heading. This move garnered concerns and protests from academics, writers, government ministers and many others. First Minister Alex Salmond discussed the matter with McIntyre while he was en route to Scotland on Armed Services business. The Washington Post noted that Linda Fabiani, the Minister of Culture in Edinburgh also lobbied McIntyre while he was visiting the country to see what he could do. Within the scope of a few phone calls, the changes were reversed by the Library of Congress and the Librarian of Congress, James H. Billington, issued a letter to the National Library of Scotland.

As a token of gratitude for McIntyre's leadership during his Congressional career, the Scottish Parliament passed a motion (S4M-10778) on December 8, 2014 at the First Minister's request, recognizing McIntyre's contributions to Scotland's relationship with the United States and congratulating him on his retirement from Congress.

Youth initiatives and volunteering in schools
The Seventh Congressional District Annual Youth Leadership Summit, which McIntyre organized and hosted, has been recognized by educators, young people and their parents alike. McIntyre invited all public and private schools in his district to send an outstanding junior to a one-day seminar to discuss issues that affected their communities and also to propose ways in which to resolve them, encouraging the students to have a direct impact on their local communities.

In addition, McIntyre was well known for his school volunteer work, which started when he first began his law career in 1981 when he organized the Robeson County Bar Association's Citizenship Education Committee. He continued throughout his congressional career to volunteer in the schools and has done so for over 35 years. From the Washington Workshops Foundation to the John C. Stennis Program for Congressional Interns on Capitol Hill, from elementary schools to graduate & professional schools, from hosting students in his office, to being invited as a freshman his first year in office to the Presidents' Summit for America's Future because of his long history of involvement in helping young people, McIntyre's work with youth and his inspirational speeches to school assemblies, in the classrooms and at events on Capitol Hill have reached thousands of students for more than three decades. He was recognized for his work with educators and youth prior to serving in Congress in 1989 with the Governor's Award for Outstanding Volunteer Service and during his congressional career with the North Carolina Parent – Teachers' Association (PTA) bestowing upon him an honorary life membership.

Post-congressional activity
Upon his retirement from Congress, McIntyre joined Poyner Spruill law firm in Raleigh, North Carolina, as Senior Advisor and Director of Government Relations, concentrating on business and economic development, as well as working with a variety of clients on various government relations matters on the federal, state, regional, and local levels.

In 2017, McIntyre worked with the North Carolina Bar Association to develop the Youth Leadership Challenge program which provides opportunities for civic engagement and community leadership to high school students. An earmarked contribution from McIntyre's congressional campaign fund for the North Carolina Bar Foundation Endowment made this initiative possible.

Additionally, McIntyre assisted in establishing a new mentoring program through the UNC Christian Legal Society called, The McIntyre-Whichard Legal Fellows Program. Named in honor of McIntyre and former North Carolina Supreme Court Justice Willis Whichard, the program pairs UNC law students with legal professionals in the community for a year-long mentorship which focuses on professional and spiritual growth. The inaugural class of McIntyre-Whichard Legal Fellows commenced during the 2016–17 academic year.

In June 2018, McIntyre was the recipient of The Chief Justice I. Beverly Lake Jr. Public Service Award given by the North Carolina Bar Association, honoring his commitment to public service throughout his life. The award recognizes an outstanding lawyer in North Carolina who has performed exemplary public service and is "reserved for those persons, families or organizations whose contributions are significant, whose conduct is consonant with the NCBA's and NCBF's stated mission and who are highly regarded by the legal community and the public."

For McIntyre's accomplishments and contributions to enhance UNC's School of Law and the profession more broadly, the UNC Law Alumni Association presented him with the Distinguished Alumni Award in 2019. The award "recognizes members of the UNC School of Law community who embody the law school’s mission to serve the legal profession, the people and institutions of North Carolina, the nation and the world with ethics and dedication to the cause of justice."

During the spring semester of 2019, McIntyre served as a Fellow with the UNC Institute of Politics (IOP). The program allows fellows to independently lead a series of non-credit seminars on relevant issues of national importance. The seminars are open to all UNC students. McIntyre's syllabus included topics such as leadership, civic engagement in the community, and public service through political involvement with an emphasis on recognizing the importance of the community in which one serves.

McIntyre was also named an honoree for North Carolina Lawyers Weekly's 2019 "Leaders In Law" award and named "Lawyer of the Year" during the award ceremony held on October 25. The Leaders in Law program recognizes practicing legal professionals in the state of North Carolina who go above and beyond in their profession and community. Honorees are selected by a panel of independent legal professionals based on professional and personal accomplishment as well as community involvement. The Lawyer of the Year is presented to the honoree with the highest overall score from the judges.

In 2020, McIntyre was selected to receive the Liberty Bell Award by the Young Lawyers Division of the North Carolina Bar Association for his "commitment to strengthening democracy and promoting civic engagement." The award is given annually as part of Law Day to an "individual who has strengthened the American system of freedom under the law." The North Carolina Bar Association celebrates Law Day on the first Friday in May, however events in 2020 were cancelled or postponed due to the COVID-19 crisis. Previous recipients of the Liberty Bell Award include twelve judges, five chief justices, a U.S. senator and two governors.

On September 21, 2020, it was announced that McIntyre would join the Ward and Smith law firm as Senior Advisor for Government Relations and Economic Development. He is based in the firm's Raleigh office and works on behalf of clients across North Carolina and in Washington, D.C.

The North Carolina State Bar Council awarded McIntyre the John B. McMillan Distinguished Service Award in January, 2021 in recognition for his efforts to enhance and strengthen legal education, to further the public's understanding of and confidence in the rule of law and the justice system, and to encourage professionalism among Bar members. McIntyre was additionally commended for his significant contributions to assuring equal access to the judicial system and improving the quality of services rendered by the law profession.

In 2021, the UNC Chapter of Pi Sigma Alpha (the national political science honor society) invited McIntyre to become an Honorary Member in recognition of his support of and engagement with the UNC Department of Political Science. In addition to being an alumnus of the department and a graduate of the UNC School of Law, McIntyre has become increasingly involved in the education of undergraduate and graduate students at the university through semester long seminars and the establishment of a mentorship program as noted above. For this service to the University, his work while serving in Congress, and his dedication to improving the state of North Carolina, McIntyre was also one of that year's inductees into UNC's Order of the Golden Fleece, its oldest and highest honorary society. In 2023, McIntyre was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree by his alma mater, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The announcement of this recognition included praise for his community and public service, as well as the positive impact his work had, both internationally and in North Carolina.

McIntyre was recently selected as the 2024 awardee of the H. Brent McKnight Renaissance Lawyer Award by the North Carolina Bar Association at its Annual Meeting in Charlotte. The award recognizes practicing North Carolina attorneys who demonstrate the "Renaissance Lawyer" qualities embodied by Judge McKnight including "trustworthiness, respectful and courteous treatment of all people, enthusiasm for intellectual achievement and commitment to excellence in work, and service to the profession and community during a multi-faceted, accomplished life." The breadth of McIntyre's contributions through community, church, civic, and professional service were emphasized in remarks made by Gill Beck, Chair of the NCBA Professionalism Committee, who presented the award.

title: Mike McIntyre


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Sue Myrick

Sue Ellen Myrick (née Wilkins; born August 1, 1941) is an American businesswoman and the former U.S. Representative for NC's 9th congressional district, serving from 1995 to 2013. She is a member of the Republican Party. She was the first Republican woman to represent North Carolina in Congress. On February 7, 2012, she announced that she was retiring. She left Congress in January 2013 and was succeeded by Robert Pittenger.

Myrick's son Dan Forest was the 34th Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina.

Early life, education, and business career
Myrick was born in 1941 in Tiffin, Ohio. She graduated from Port Clinton High School in Port Clinton, Ottawa County, Ohio. She attended Heidelberg University in Tiffin, Seneca County, Ohio between 1959 and 1960. Prior to going into public relations and advertising, she was a Sunday School Teacher. She is the former President and CEO of Myrick Advertising and Public Relations and Myrick Enterprises.

Charlotte city politics
Myrick ran for a seat on the Charlotte City Council unsuccessfully in 1981. In 1983, she was elected to an At-Large District of the City Council and served until 1985. In 1987, she was elected as the first female Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina. In 1989, when Sue Myrick was running for re-election as mayor of Charlotte, NC, she confessed to having had a relationship with her husband in 1973 while he was still married to his former wife. (She went on to win the election.)

1992 U.S. Senate election
In 1992, she ran for the nomination for a U.S. Senate seat, held by incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Terry Sanford. The Republican primary was won by Lauch Faircloth, who defeated Myrick and former U.S. Representative Walter Johnston 48%–30%–17%.

Elections
In 1994, Myrick was elected to the House, succeeding five-term incumbent Alex McMillan.

Myrick was overwhelmingly elected to her sixth consecutive term in the 2004 Congressional elections, earning 70% of the popular vote and defeating Democrat Jack Flynn. Similarly, she defeated Democrat William Glass in 2006 with almost 67% of the vote.

Two Charlotte-area Democrats announced challenges to Myrick in 2008 – Harry Taylor and Ross Overby. Myrick defeated Taylor with almost 63% of the vote.

Retirement
On February 7, 2012, she announced that she was retiring from Congress.

Tenure
Myrick was one of the most conservative members of the House. She chaired the Republican Study Committee, a group of House conservatives, in the 108th Congress.
 * Ideology

Being a cancer survivor herself, she has been one of the leading advocates to find a cure for breast cancer. While in Congress she introduced a bill to provide treatment for women on Medicaid diagnosed with breast cancer - the bill passed and was signed into law - previously women diagnosed under Medicaid had no treatment options.

Myrick was one of the leading Republican opponents of an abortive 2006 sale of operations at six major American ports along the East Coast to Dubai Ports World, a state-owned company from the United Arab Emirates.

Committee assignments

 * Committee on Energy and Commerce (Vice Chair)
 * Subcommittee on Health
 * Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations (Vice Chair - Full Committee)
 * Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (Chair of the Subcommittee on Terrorism, HUMINT, Analysis, and Counterintelligence)

Caucus memberships

 * Deputy Whip
 * Congressional Anti-Terrorism Caucus (Founder)
 * House Cancer Caucus (Co-Chair)
 * International Conservation Caucus
 * Republican Study Committee (First woman chairman, 2003–2005)
 * Sportsmen's Caucus
 * Tea Party Caucus

Personal life
Sue is a wife and a mother of two children and three step-children. She and her husband, Ed Myrick, have 12 grandchildren, 11 great grandchildren, and 2 great great grandchildren. Her second son, Dan Forest, was elected Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina in 2012.

title: Sue Myrick


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Soyuz TM-3

Soyuz TM-3 was the third crewed spaceflight to visit the Soviet space station Mir, following Soyuz T-15 and Soyuz TM-2. It was launched in July 1987, during the long duration expedition Mir EO-2, and acted as a lifeboat for the second segment of that expedition. There were three people aboard the spacecraft at launch, including the two man crew of the week-long mission Mir EP-1, consisting of Soviet cosmonaut Aleksandr Viktorenko and Syrian Muhammed Faris. Faris was the first Syrian to travel to space, and as of June 2021, the only one. The third cosmonaut launched was Aleksandr Aleksandrov, who would replace one of the long duration crew members Aleksandr Laveykin of Mir EO-2. Laveykin had been diagnosed by ground-based doctors to have minor heart problems, so he returned to Earth with the EP-1 crew in Soyuz TM-2.

Soyuz TM-3 landed near the end of December 1987, landing both members of the EO-2 crew, as well as potential Buran pilot Anatoli Levchenko, who had been launched to Mir a week earlier aboard Soyuz TM-4.

Mission parameters

 * Mass: 7100 kg
 * Perigee: 297 km
 * Apogee: 353 km
 * Inclination: 51.6°
 * Period: 91.0 minutes

title: Soyuz TM-3