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User talk:Snowspinner~enwiki/Archive 3

RfA
I made a comment at RfA and I figured you might want to respond. --"D ICK " C HENEY 02:53, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks for explaining that. My support for you stands, so much that I would be willing to renominate you at the end of July if it doesn't work out this time around (though you may want a less controversial user than myself to nominate you). --"D ICK " C HENEY 03:15, 2 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Thanks
I greatly appreciate your apology. I hope we can work together and have a great time while making Wikipedia great! Again, thanks for your apology and I respect you standing by your decesion. ChrisDJackson

Plato
Plato is a troll and has been from day one. I know that and have no expectations about him except negative ones. RickK 06:12, Jun 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * BTW, 219.88.160.45 turns out to be posting from New Zealand -- 219-88-160-45.jetstream.xtra.co.nz RickK 06:15, Jun 4, 2004 (UTC)

decency
if so, I resent you being indecent ;) Sam [Spade] 04:49, 6 Jun 2004 (UTC)

VFD: Simpson v. Savoie
Please note that your deletion of this was inappropriate. I assert that the article should be removed regardless of whether the case existed, in other words, whatever the outcome of the records search. I could remove the one point that is dependent on the case's existence, and trim down another point that is partially dependent on its existence, and the entire text of my comment is entirely independent of the veracity of the case.

Also, far from a consensus by which the previous VfD "survived", the count of votes in the previous discussion is clearly in favor of deleting, and even moreso when one-word votes with no justification are removed. In addition with the contention that it is a tabled discussion that will go on, it is not putting it "back so soon" after it having been already decided.

Also, please note that this is by no means much of 'first case' or an "early cyberlaw case". 1992 is pretty late in the game for the Internet. The Internet, Usenet, and bulletin board systems go back to the 60's and 70's. I have found 2 other cases, both earlier than this one, that are directly transferrable for this one as a "first case", and warrant inclusion much more than this case as they are by courts that actually have some jurisdiction. There are many more that are direct rulings on so-called "cyberlaw" and the Internet, and there are multitudes more that relate to cyberlaw less in the details of the case than in their use as a precedent in later cases, and serve as a grounding for what is called cyberlaw today. These are all significantly more important than this case. - Centrx 22:29, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Your nomination for Adminship
I have now closed and removed your request for adminship at Requests for adminship since after the voting period, I could find no consenus to sysop you. I am certain that you will not take this too hard, for in two months keeping up the good work, I would be certain that you get a striking consensus to be sysopped. Best of luck, and send a message over if you need someone to nominate you when the time is in. ✏ Sverdrup 22:34, 8 Jun 2004 (UTC)

So that is CONSENSUS

 * In case you are unaware, I would likely give you my vote given a proper amount of time and a less contentious nominator. Cheers, Sam [Spade] 05:24, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Hello, Snowspinner! Thank you for your notification. Unfortunately I didn't have the time to write some arguments in favor of your nomination right now, but I agree with the way you tried to sanction and stop Avala's behavior through Wikipedia processes. If you decide to nominate sometime in the (say, few months) future, I will support you and I will remember your actions today. Best regards, --Romanm 16:54, 10 Jun 2004 (UTC)

WP:RFROAA
(cross-posted to several user talk: pages)

I noticed that you participated in the discussion regarding reorganization of this page. I have written a proposal for a new format and would like any comments, criticisms, or feedback you may have to offer. Thanks, —No-One Jones 14:27, 22 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Re: Talk: Anarchism
FYI, Rand was explicitly not an anarchist. The U.S. Libertarian Party is explicitly neutral, with strong non-anarchist tendencies (they are, after all, trying to get elected to the government). Pretty damn close by most people's standards, but a significant difference WRT an article specifically about anarchism. - Nat Krause 06:51, 24 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, I mean, Rand was very specifically in favor of a monopoly democratic state, although she was unclear about how she thought it should be funded. That doesn't meet most definitions of anarchism. - Nat Krause 07:00, 24 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for being a good user
I appreciate that while we have not consistantly agreed, you have consistantly strived for NPOV on all sides of the fence. I find this to be quite commendable, in some ways even more commendable than sharing my POV's for example (which I suspect we shave very, very few of ;). I felt I should let you know about this: /. Bear in mind that we are in no way conspiring (nor do I accuse them of such), rather I am providing you with evidence of a concern. I have decided it is in the articles best interest to let them know I am aware of their ideas (as it may cause them to tone things down slightly), and so I will be doing so shortly. Cheers, Sam [Spade] 22:25, 27 Jun 2004 (UTC)

 * Sam is doing his best to sway you on these issues Snow. All the stuff he is "bringing to your attention" is publicly available, and I would have been happy to post those links to your page myself if I thought you would be interested.  Sam has LONG been pushing blatant POV statements into dozens of articles all over wikipedia.  Don't take my word for it, or the word of any number of other people, please look at his history yourself.  Further, he asked for evidence on the anarchism page that he tends to cluster with VV in attempts to discredit certain users or push their particular POV and I responded with a great deal of such evidence.  His only comment then was "wikipedia is not the place for such POV rants."  Which I find strange, if he didn't want me to spend my time documenting my claims, why did he ask me too?

 * I'm a little disappointed that you have called my removal of a link to a highly controversial article "vandalism". Contrary to Sam's claims I am not imposing a policy of deletionism, that link already exists on the anarcho-capitalism page, I have never put the article itself up for VfD or attempted to blank it, and it is frankly irrelevant as part of an introduction to anarcho-capitalism (unless we are going to claim that one of anarcho-capitalisms most defining qualities is its opposition to liberatarian socialism, which would be false given that not all acs oppose libertarian socialism, we even have a wikipedia ac who believes he is a leftist).  Putting every possible link to support ac all over wikipedia is only going to ruin articles, it would be like putting the many such links in support of libertarian socialism throughout the anarchism page, and I would delete those too as A) redundant to links already on libertarian socialism page and B) propaganda.  Please rethink your take on these matters.  I know you routinely involve yourself in disputes with an eye towards resolution, normally such a tendency would be very problematic on wikipedia, but in general your handling of such disputes has been superb.  This is precisely why it is so important for you to see your own admitted personal bias and review just how that might be skewing your perspective on these matters.  Kev 21:00, 28 Jun 2004 (UTC)

I responded to your comment regarding the definition of a "personal attack" on WP:RFA. FWIW, you can also check out the Policies and guidelines pages, including no personal attacks, and the defintions of personal attack a.k.a. ad hominem attack. Kevin Baas 16:48, 2004 Jun 29 (UTC)

172 and VeryVerily
I have decided to withdraw my request for arbitration regarding these two users. Please see Requests for arbitration for my explanation. Since you supported my initial request, I would ask you to also support this withdrawal if you feel it is appropriate. Thank you for your assistance throughout this process, and in general for your efforts to resolve disputes on Wikipedia. --Michael Snow 03:50, 2 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Personal Attacks
Nat is making specious analogies in the form of jabs at Spleeman and myself based mainly on his lack of knowledge of the subject matter. I pointed this out to him. Does that qualify as a personal attack? Kev 05:26, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Well I'm so very glad to have someone monitoring my behavior and informing me of whenever they think it is "borderline". Kev 10:37, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Cat
I put it in the most logical category that came to mind. I saw it hadn't been created, but I had just tried my second choice on another page, but it hadn't been created either (Sexuality). Then I took a walk. Hyacinth 05:47, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)

rv
Hey, careful w them reverts, look at this. Sam [Spade] 12:38, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * haha... I wonder who that was anyhow, he clearly knew who I was. Sam [Spade] 14:38, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)

re: Category:Literary theorists
By my understanding, literary criticism and theory are not the same thing. There's probably a lot of overlap between literary critics and literary theorists, but I'm sure some fit more easily into one category than the other. Even so, you seem to be the specialist here so I'll accept your decision.--[[User:Bendzh|Bendž
 * Ť ]] 22:33, Jul 6, 2004 (UTC)

Arbitration
Regarding your comments on IRC, would you be interested in participating in Mediation? If you have problems with me, I'd rather work to solve them than fighting you in front of the arbitration committee. anthony (see warning)

RfA
Snowspinner, sorry I didn't vote for you on RfA, but I was away from my computer for a month or so at the time. Had I gotten the message in time, you would have had my full support. — Adam Conover † 01:19, Jul 7, 2004 (UTC)

Category:Books that start with B
The category and its sister categories are supposed to list all books alphabetically. Categories are supposed to function as the list articles were orginally meant to, and these categories are supposed to do the function of the lists linked in them. Thus, we will be able to keep a list of all books by name through the category scheme. -- LGagnon 07:17, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Requests for adminship: boilerplate questions
What a good idea, where can we go to ask all sysops the saem question? -- Graham ☺ | Talk 03:22, 11 Jul 2004 (UTC) (yes I know I am one)

All due respect: Your RFA questions are indeed useful, but you might consider not posing them to obvious trolls whose nominations are futile. It only serves to litter the page. Cribcage 18:35, 11 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Bickering?
Someone calls for people to be banned because of the way they have voted. I pull them up on it and you accuse me of bickering. I'm hurt :-(  (well not hurt exactly, but a little miffed) theresa knott 00:13, 12 Jul 2004 (UTC)

What is a troll
Snowspinner,

I fear I really do object to your reverting my addition to that page on the grounds that a vote is underway.

The page has only existed for two days when I made my edit. It is longstanding policy that time for discussion is required before a vote is taken. I was almost so bold as to delete the vote, but I felt that would have done a disservice to the many people who had voted.

Please note that I made earlier, extensive changes to the page which you did not revert. You may wish to revert those as well, if you consider the page to be locked from editing due to the poll being underway.

The addition you did revert, in my view, was important because polluting the record is such a widespread behavior among troublemakers. Often it is not simple vandalism, and there are many past cases involving all the usual suspects where they have, in the course of adding a comment, seen fit to remove one they made previously. This means that people end up having to go through every edit to figure out what happened. And it's not vandalism, per se, particularly when it is a contributor's own statement being edited. Someone says something provoking, the expected response comes, and the original provocation is removed.

Best regards

UninvitedCompany 03:48, 12 Jul 2004 (UTC)

2004 Tour de France
He is back! And now you can take over the Tour. Stage 17 plz ;)

TwoOneTwo 17:48, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm afraid I've bonked in the Alps. All down to you! Also if your not too busy... I've just noticed the 2002 Tour is only half complete. TwoOneTwo 17:58, 22 Jul 2004 (UTC)

DWDAE
Gedday Snowspinner, do you think you can support the policy as it stands? Erich 02:26, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

genuiinely sorry to hear that. You don't even think it's a step in the right direction? Erich 11:36, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Would you mind detailing some of your criticisms of this as it stands? I understand you're fairly busy, but we seem to have fairly similar ideas about this, and if you can give me some suggestions, I'll try and follow them up. Ambivalenthysteria 11:47, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Holocaust (disambig)
Hi Snowspinner. I reverted the deletion of Dresden/Hiroshima from the Holocaust (disambiguation) article. "Holocaust" translates literally as "complete destruction by fire", and I find it a stretch to argue that Dresden and Hiroshima were not exactly that. While others have co-opted 'holocaust' (the Black Holocaust, for instance, found most of its victims through disease and starvation), that does not render its original meaning invalid. Hope this works for you. Denni☯ 01:46, 2004 Jul 25 (UTC)

Nice rework on your user page. I'll be back soon to rape and pillage your code.

But on to matters at hand. I think Dresden and Hiroshima should remain, not necessarily because they may or may not be commonly referred to as holocausts, but because they were holocausts. One job of an encyclopedia is to help us remember things we've forgotten, but another, equally important one, is to tell us things we didn't know before. This does not constitute original research; the Sudra holocaust will pull you few Google refs, and a search for Native American (or Aboriginal) holocaust will bring you a few tens. As I have consistently upheld, Google is only an indicator, not an arbitor. Denni☯ 01:56, 2004 Jul 25 (UTC)

I appreciate the points you raise, and while I would like to see Dresden in particular maintained here, if only because it is an archetypal holocaust, I will not re-re-revert if you re-revert. And patience be with you, grasshopper, for a Mass deaths and atrocities of the twentieth century article is in the works now. Since Dresden had only a few puny tens of thousands of deaths, it will not be on the list, but many other names will be familiar... Denni☯ 02:43, 2004 Jul 25 (UTC)

On rereading your posts, I've changed my mind - I think you are right that this is a disambig page, and neither Dresden or Hiroshima need disambiguating in this case. So I've re-removed the references. Good to work with you, Snowspinner. Denni☯ 20:48, 2004 Jul 25 (UTC)

User talk:Snowspinner/arbcom
'ave a look. Sam [Spade] 03:42, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Good answers. I don't agree about declining mediation (I do think it should be a black eye, to encourage mediation if nothing else) but thats not exactly a deal breaker. I may have to vote for you, esp. if its similar to the vote for the wikimedia board representitives, where we vote for all good candidates (so I can vote for me too! 8P Sam [Spade] 17:12, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

illdefined and illconceived
Geez mate, that's a bit harsh isn't it? I am sorry I wasn't able to support the troll banning on site proposal but I'm really trying to come up with a compromise to satisfy the divergent views expressed in the troll polls. Is there any chance you can be a bit more specific than illdefined and illconceived? maybe even suggest some modifications to make it more palatable? Erich 10:24, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Snowspinner~enwiki/Archive 3


text:
The Count of Monte Cristo (disambiguation)

The Count of Monte Cristo is a novel by Alexandre Dumas.

The Count of Monte Cristo may also refer to:

Films

 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1908 film), a silent film starring Hobart Bosworth
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1913 film), a silent film starring James O'Neill
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1918 series), a silent-film serial starring Léon Mathot
 * Monte Cristo (1922 film) (aka The Count of Monte Cristo), a silent film starring John Gilbert
 * Monte Cristo (1929 film) (aka The Count of Monte-Cristo in the US), a French silent film starring Jean Angelo
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1934 film), starring Robert Donat
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1942 film) (Spanish: El Conde de Montecristo), starring Arturo de Córdova
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1943 film), starring Pierre Richard-Willm
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1953 film) (Spanish: El Conde de Montecristo), starring by Jorge Mistral
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1954 film), starring Jean Marais
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1961 film), starring Louis Jourdan
 * The Count of Monte Cristo, a 1973 animated television TV movie produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1975 film), starring Richard Chamberlain
 * The Count of Monte-Cristo, a 1991 animated television film produced by Burbank Animation Studios
 * The Count of Monte Cristo, a 1997 animated, direct-to-video film produced by Blye Migicovsky Productions and Phoenix Animation Studios
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (2002 film), starring Jim Caviezel
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (2024 film), an upcoming French film starring Pierre Niney

Television

 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1956 TV series), starring George Dolenz
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1958 teleplay), starring Hurd Hatfield on the DuPont Show of the Month
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1964 TV series), starring Alan Badel
 * The Prisoner of Château d'If (English title: The Count of Monte Cristo), a 1988 Soviet miniseries
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (1998 miniseries), starring Gérard Depardieu
 * Gankutsuou: The Count of Monte Cristo, a 2004–2005 anime television series
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (2024 TV series), an upcoming French-Italian television series

Musicals

 * The Count of Monte Cristo (Wildhorn musical), a 2009 musical based on the novel, with music by Frank Wildhorn
 * The Count of Monte Cristo (James Behr musical), a 2010 off-Broadway musical based on the novel

Radio

 * The Count of Monte Cristo (radio program), an old-time radio program based on the novel

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Ugra (Oka)

The Ugra (Угра́) is a river in Smolensk and Kaluga Oblasts in Russia, left tributary of the Oka. The east-flowing Ugra joins the north-flowing Oka at Kaluga and the united river, called the Oka, continues east to the Volga. In the 16th century, the Ugra-Oka confluence was the western end of a line of forts protecting Muscovy from Tatar raids. The river is known for the Great stand on the Ugra River. Its length is 399 km and its basin 15700 km2. It is frozen from late November (sometimes as late as January) until the end of March. 60% of its annual flow is snowmelt, mostly in April.

A part of the valley of the Ugra located in Kaluga Oblast belongs to Ugra National Park.

title: Ugra (Oka)


text:
Talk:The Count of Monte Cristo (disambiguation)

Untitled
I moved The Count of Monte Cristo (2002 movie) here because something should be here, I think. Maybe if more long-enough articles are created it can be broken up to individual films, but this seemed to follow naming conventions better, for now at least. — siro χ  o  04:59, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)

I made the disambig page The Count of Monte Cristo (movie) and shifted this back. --Dryazan 19:52, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

I think there should be something about the Anime adaptation by Gonzo called Gankutsuou here. -Beowulf Lee

Lists of films
Whenever the rest of these film articles are created for the different films, please add them to the appropriate lists in Lists of films. --Nehrams2020 02:35, 24 October 2006 (UTC)


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Trick deck

A trick deck is a deck of playing cards that has been altered in some way to allow magicians to perform certain card tricks where sleight of hand would be too difficult or impractical.

Brainwave deck
The Brainwave deck is a lesser-known deck which is gaining in popularity, it operates on a principle similar to that of the Invisible Deck, but has vastly improved on it. With the cards still in their box, the magician asks a spectator to name a card. The magician pulls the deck out and fans the cards face down, then spreads through the deck until a single face-up card is discovered, which turns out to be the spectator's card. For the grand finale the magician explains that he or she actually knew ahead of time which card the spectator would select, rather than having secretly turned it over during the performance. He or she then proceeds to prove this by turning the spectator's card over and revealing that the card in question features a different backing pattern than every other card in the deck, suggesting to the audience that the magician may possess powers of extrasensory perception.

An inverse handling of the Brainwave deck is the X Deck, originally invented by Jay Sankey and identical to the Invisible Deck, but with the odd cards having an X on them. Both decks are meant to convey the idea that the magician did not perform the intended effect through the use of sleight of hand.

Forcing decks
These decks are used to force a spectator to select a particular card, which the magician already knows in advance. Such a feat can be accomplished using a regular deck and sleight of hand but with the aid of a forcing deck the trick is made self-working.

One of the simplest forcing decks is the "one-way forcing deck", where all cards are identical (with the possible exception of one or two at the top and bottom of the deck). When using this deck, the magician must be careful to prevent the spectator from seeing the faces of the cards. The above-mentioned Svengali Deck can also be easily used as a force deck, by forcing the choice of one of the twenty-six identical short cards.

A variant of the one-way forcing deck is the Monte Cristo deck invented by Henry Hardin, more recently published under the name Mastermind Deck by Chris Kenworthey. All the cards are the identical force card, but misindexed on the top left corner, so that the cards all appear to be different when fanned or spread. Any card can be selected, and rotating the deck before revealing the selection will always reveal the force card.

It is worth noting that such decks have fallen out of favor amongst professional magicians because of an increased suspicion amongst audiences regarding the use of gimmick props. Thus, they are rarely employed.

Invisible deck
The invisible deck is one of the best known card tricks. Joe Berg created the Invisible Deck in the 1930s, originally calling it the Ultra Mental Deck. Often mistakenly credited to Dai Vernon, Don Alan or Eddie Fields, the most-used presentation of an "invisible" deck of cards was invented by J.B. Bobo.

The trick's title stems from the classic presentation of this effect, in which the magician hands the spectator an imaginary, or "invisible" deck. On being handed the deck, the spectator is asked to mime the acts of removing the cards from their case, shuffling them, spreading them face-up on the table, freely selecting a card, replacing it face-down among the other face-up cards, and returning the deck to its box.

At this point, either the spectator keeps the imaginary deck while the magician removes the real deck from his pocket, or the spectator hands the imaginary deck to the magician, which suddenly becomes real in the magician's hands. Michael Close also uses a handling in which the invisible deck is tossed back into a paper bag, whereupon it becomes real and visible. The magician then asks the spectator to name the card they selected, removes the deck, face-up, from its box and spreads the cards to show one face-down card. The spectator removes the card to find it is the one they named moments earlier.

In the more comedic version of the routine, more focus will be drawn to the part of the effect where the spectator is handling the cards. Often, the magician might criticize the spectator's card-handling abilities, or remind him or her to take the cards out of the case before trying to shuffle them.

A more serious routine can be performed, which focuses more on the magician's mindreading abilities and the fact that the spectator had a completely free choice of card. The magician could hand the spectator a box of cards to hold, ask him or her to think of, and concentrate on, any card in the deck, and then to name it. The spectator then hands the box back to the magician and the trick completed as before.

The invisible deck is prepared by arranging a normal deck so that all the even cards face one way and the odd cards the other. Cards are then slightly glued or stuck together into even-odd pairs, face out. When the spectator names his or her card, the deck is extracted from the box with the chosen parity, even or odd, facing the magician. The magician then fans out the cards until he see the spectator's, which will be facing him. Applying a small amount of pressure, the card is split from its opposite member, revealing the back of the card for the spectator to see and choose.

The deck can be bought from magic dealers. It is also possible to construct the deck using a regular deck and additional materials from department stores.

Marked deck
A marked deck uses a marking system on the back of the cards to indicate their suit and value, so that a magician can identify a card without seeing its face. The two main methods used for creating a marked deck are reader systems, which hide the suit and value in the back design, or coded systems, where the suit and value is indicated by a code, e.g. a mark might be placed in a certain position to indicate the number of the card, with the color or shape of the mark indicating suit. Many marked decks are produced commercially, while some are created using card marking techniques similar to those used to cheat at gambling, e.g. by adding tiny punctures or dots. Some magicians may even mark a card during a performance, either with a sharpened finger nail or a tool (often a ring known as a "poker ring") made specifically for that purpose.

Rising card deck
With a rising card deck, the spectator chooses a card and puts it back in the deck of cards. Then, the chosen card magically rises, whether it is in the box, in the hands, on a surface, or even in a wine glass.

The construction of these decks varies. The simplest of these, often described in amateur magic books, involves cutting a hole in the back of the carton so that the performer can surreptitiously push up the top card with their finger. More complex arrangements include a pair of cards gimmicked with an elastic band onto which the target card can be pushed (between the gimmicked pair), or a deck with a fine black thread passed across the top onto which the target card can be pressed down. There are without a doubt more complex and clever arrangements in use.

Stripper deck
A stripper deck (also known as a tapered deck, wizard deck, or biseauté deck) allows the magician to control the main location of a card or group of cards easily within the pack. Even after being shuffled into the deck by a spectator, the magician can cut to a selected card. Similarly, even after being lost in different parts of the deck, the magician can move multiple cards to specific locations using basic shuffles.

Unlike the invisible or svengali deck, the stripper deck can be handled by an audience member unfamiliar with the concept and can withstand a modest amount of scrutiny without exposing the secret; however, this deck is found in a number of beginners' magic kits, so the secret is well-known, even among non-magicians.

The cards of a stripper deck are slightly tapered, so that the sides no longer form a perfect rectangle. The change is slight enough to be undetected by visual inspection or even casual handling, but if a single card is rotated 180° so that it's tapered in the opposite direction from the rest of the deck, the card's broad end can easily be detected, by feel or even by sight, among the narrow ends of the rest of the deck. At this point the magician can select the target card through sleight of hand.

Many of the effects achieved with a stripper deck can also be accomplished with sleight of hand.

Svengali deck

The deck alternates between normal cards and shortened cards, with the shortened cards all of the same rank and suit. When the deck is riffled front to back, only the normal cards are visible; when it is riffled back to front, only the shortened cards are visible. It was created by Burling Hull and marketed by WD LeRoy in 1909.

The deck can be dribbled or riffled to create the illusion that the deck is completely ordinary. It can even be shuffled. One basic trick involves a spectator choosing a card from the deck and returning it; the card can then appear practically anywhere in the deck, making tricks like the Ambitious card incredibly simple. The final and most stunning trick is when all the cards are suddenly presented as being all the same as the initially chosen card.

Joe Stuthard's Trilby and Bi-Co Trilby Decks are variations on this deck. In the 1960s and 1970s, Marshall Brodien sold 17 million Svengali decks under the name TV Magic Cards. While the Svengali Deck allows for the easy performance of seemingly complex tricks, the conjurer cannot allow an audience member to examine the deck. The use of a Svengali Deck can also be detected by its characteristic faster riffle and sound. Finally, because the deck is widely sold in joke and novelty shops, many laypeople are familiar with it.

Writing pads or books using the same principle have also been created, to force the spectator to choose the content of a seemingly random page.

Non-standard decks
The following are not trick decks per se, but the cards they contain may be combined with a normal deck (or a packet of cards from a regular deck) in order to perform specific tricks.

Gaff deck
A gaff deck is a deck that contains cards used in conjunction with a normal deck. For the most part gaffed cards have the same back pattern as a standard deck of cards, but the faces are changed in various unique ways; for example, there may be two "3½ of clubs" cards, which might be used to split a 7 of clubs into two cards if called for. Gaff cards are sometimes included as bonus cards with a regular deck.

Blank deck
A blank deck has the standard backs (all identical) but lacks faces. That is, there are no values such as 5 of hearts on any of the cards.

Double blank deck
All cards are completely blank on both sides.

Double faced deck
All cards have faces on both sides.

Double back deck
All cards have the standard backs on both sides.

Standard deck setups
There are many ways to order a deck so that the magician can perform special tricks. It is possible to use a stack, or ordered deck, to determine what card the spectator cut to. A popular stack to use for this is a Si Stebbins Stack. To make one, all a magician needs to do is order the cards so that each card is three values greater than the previous card, and so that the suits cycle consistently. For example:, , , , , , etc. The simplest way to use a Si Stebbins Stack is to let the spectator cut and replace the cards and look at the top card. They then replace the card on top and the magician takes the deck and peeks at the bottom card. Now, using the sequence of the Si Stebbins Stack, the magician adds three to the card value they peeked, and cycles one suit. Now they can continue the trick as usual. The Si Stebbins Stack also allows for more complex mind reading techniques using additional mathematical principles.

title: Trick deck


text:
Talk:Action at a distance

Bad intro?
Quote: This term was used most often with early theories of gravity and electromagnetism to describe how an object could "know" the mass (in the case of gravity) or charge (in electromagnetism) of another distant object. This seems like an abstract way of describing the real problem, which is how particles, mass, can cause a force on another particle without ever coming into physical contact, and vice versa. The intro is pretty important to the reader... --Nabo0o (talk) 00:26, 23 February 2011 (UTC)

Electromagnetism.
The last paragraph of electromagnetism is ambiguous.

 * "Various proofs, beginning with that of Dirac have shown that direct interaction theories (under reasonable assumptions) do not admit Lagrangian or Hamiltonian formulations (these are the so-called No Interaction Theorems). Consequently, the Fokker-Tetrode action is mainly of historic interest. Still, attempts to recapture action at a distance without a field, which is often difficult to quantize, lead directly to the development of the quantum electrodynamics of Feynman and Schwinger."

I believe a reference or two are needed here on the various proofs, and the sentence has to be more precise. The field is still live and active, see for example a not that historic article: Hoyle, F., & Narkilar, J. V. (1995). Cosmolgy and action at a distance electrodynamics. Rev. Modern Phys., 67(1), 113. — Preceding unsigned comment added by BahramH (talk • contribs) 06:42, 29 August 2013 (UTC)

Quantum nonlocality hyperlink
I advocate the removal of the "nonlocality" hyperlink to the "Quantum nonlocality" article from the body of the "Quantum mechanics" section. I found that link confusing. plus the "Quantum nonlocality" main article is linked to at the beginning of the section already anyway, and too many hyperlinks can be dispersive. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.139.114.220 (talk) 08:31, 13 April 2020 (UTC)

TNT?
this article might interest you. It is a hot mess, many facts are stated without a clear goal and unrelated things are compared. Maybe it deserves some WP:TNT. ReyHahn (talk) 22:51, 6 October 2023 (UTC)

 * TNT completed. Please review. Johnjbarton (talk) 16:44, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Great article as always. I left a templates to indicate that it is not clear what is meant. For example when it is written Action at a distance and actions in a continuous medium may be easily distinguished when the medium has properties other than transmitting force, such as being visible, like water or an elastic solid what do you have in mind? Two other mentions that I think might be missing are Heinrich Hertz's experiments and Poincaré prediction of gravitational waves in analogy with electromagnetism. Additionally, what should we do with the discussion of action at a distance in principle of locality? (If I do not respond, it is because I have a blocked proxy problem, I might get it solved soon).--ReyHahn (talk) 18:07, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * I tried rewriting the sentence to be more straight forward. Is this version better? The point is: why aren't fields obvious? Oh, because they are invisible and thus have to be inferred.
 * I understand Hertz's critical role in showing the electron + field, but what is the action at a distance angle? Similarly Poincare. Over all I feel that the history section has to fight flowing off into a history. It feels choppy in places, because I was trying to avoid this pull. I tried always to focus on "what is the action at a distance aspect".
 * I realize a final bit on Yukawa QFT force mediation is missing. That is why the two/three issue in the categories. With a force mediation section, the categories can have an action-at-distance vs mediation, if I can find sources. Johnjbarton (talk) 18:23, 31 October 2023 (UTC)
 * In the end is that what seals the deal for electromagnetism and gravitation to be action-with-retardation theories is the existence of electromagnetic and gravitational waves. Hertz also wrote extensively against Newton's action at distance, if I find something I will share it.--ReyHahn (talk) 18:41, 31 October 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Action at a distance


text: User talk:82.6.10.139

title: User talk:82.6.10.139


text: Category:Justices of the New Hampshire Supreme Court


text:
Sven Birkerts

Sven Birkerts (born 21 September 1951) is an American essayist and literary critic. He is best known for his book The Gutenberg Elegies (1994), which posits a decline in reading due to the overwhelming advances of the Internet and other technologies of the "electronic culture." In 2006 he published a revised edition with new introduction and afterword, reflecting on the endurance of reading.

Birkerts was born in Pontiac, Michigan, and grew up in the metropolitan Detroit area. He graduated from Cranbrook School and from the University of Michigan in 1973.

After publishing several well-received books of collected essays on literature, Birkerts was appointed to many prominent editorial and teaching positions. He became the Director of the Bennington College Writing Seminars, a position he assumed after the death of Liam Rector. Birkerts was the editor of AGNI, the literary journal and has taught writing at Harvard University, Emerson College, Amherst College, and Mount Holyoke College.

He lives in Arlington, Massachusetts, with his wife Lynn. He has two children, Mara and Liam.

His father was noted architect Gunnar Birkerts, who based his practice in the Detroit area after immigrating to the United States following completion of his architectural degree in Stuttgart. He was born and grew up in Latvia, leaving as a young man before the Soviet Army occupied the nation in the last days of World War II.

Works

 * An Artificial Wilderness: Essays on 20th Century Literature. (1987). New York: William Morrow.
 * The Electric Life: Essays on Modern Poetry. (1989). New York: William Morrow.
 * American Energies: Essays on Fiction. (1992). New York: William Morrow.
 * The Gutenberg Elegies: The Fate of Reading in an Electronic Age. (1994). Boston: Faber and Faber.
 * Readings. (1999). St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press.
 * My Sky Blue Trades: Growing Up Counter in a Contrary Time. (2002). New York: Viking.
 * The Other Walk. (2011). St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press.
 * Changing the Subject: Art and Attention in the Internet Age. (2015). St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press.

title: Sven Birkerts


text:
Talk:List of pacifist organisations

Disputed
A pacifist organisation, surely, is one which is opposed to all war and all aggression, as a matter of policy.

I've already removed CND from the list of orgs given as examples, since it's not pacifist. I'm flagging both Pugwash and Greenpeace as dubious since

a) Pugwash's founder worked on the Manhattan Project and states his reason for leaving was that it became apparent [to him] that Germany would not, after all, develop atomic weapons and therefore the project became unnecessary.  Evidently he didn't oppose WW2 so much that he refused to work on it upto that point

b) Similarly, I doubt Greenpeace has a blanket opposition to the use of military force either.

--Handelaar 05:13, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)

 * I put them back and differentiated or it will end up being just the quakers MeltBanana 17:14, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of pacifist organisations


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Best Western Hotel Directory

Article is advertisement. Please see Best Western for the appropriate article, which includes company website (supplying its directory there). avnative 05:14, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - also link from Best Western - this kind of list is best left to the hotel owners or hotel guide. Btw. this article is from the apparently 7-year old user Patricknoddy. --Ianb 05:31, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * This is just silly. Wikipedia is not a business directory. Delete. -- Cyrius|✎ 05:52, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Clear violation of WWIN #20 (yellow pages). --Benc 10:09, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. (Icky.  We've got to get a new acronymn for What Wikipedia Is Not.  This one sounds too much like WIN buttons or, uh, another "Win.")  Delete this article for aforesaid reasons. Geogre 13:34, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Elf-friend 19:04, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Even if we were to allow this article, it would spawn thousands of pages on each individual hotel in the Best Western chain. Similar "directories" would then appear for Days Inn, Holiday Inn, Marriott, etc., etc. Delete. --Sesel 03:55, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Triglav

Proposal to merge Aljažev stolp here
IMHO the content of Aljažev stolp should be integrated here as a subsection, as both subjects are quite inseparable. --Romanm 05:14, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Easiest route
The page currently says: "Easiest route:	rock/snow/ice climb". Is this really correct?

climbingtriglav.htm says "You too can do the hike to the summit, even if you have no experience in this sort of thing." and makes it clear that the ascent is a hike, not a climb. triglav.html confirms this, saying "Many marked trails lead to the top" and "Climbing Triglav in winter is quite a serious affair and demands lots of skills and proper climbing gear.", implying that in summer climbing gear is not needed.

Can anyone with personal experience confirm that the easiest route should be listed as 'hike' or similar? --David Edgar 14:11, 14 October 2005 (UTC)

I have climbed Triglav twice, both times in winter. In winter you certainly need ice climbing gear, but in the summer there is a route via the Triglav lakes that can be done over 2-3 days which is really just a hike. There is also some very good climbing from the North side approaching from Mojstrana and the Aljazev Dom. Ben Holden 23.07.07

 * Thanks for the answer. I went up Triglav a couple of weeks ago, using the popular Stara Fužina - Vodnikov Dom - Dom Planika route. I used no special equipment. The route's well protected, via ferrata style. I'll change the 'easiest route' to "scramble / via ferrata" to reflect that it's a bit harder than just a basic hike. But certainly no climbing is required to reach the summit. --David Edgar (talk) 09:32, 12 September 2008 (UTC)

Just to confirm, I "hiked" this during the summer through the 3-day "Lakes" route. Descent was using a steeper half-day route, do not know the name of that route but more difficult than a hike and serviced by pre-installed holds...so not a climb per-se. If you're fit and like challenging hikes, this is excellent. John Heimiller 09.06.10 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.79.229.2 (talk) 21:03, 9 June 2010 (UTC)

Triglav the mountain and Triglav the deity
Should a possible connection to the slavic deity Triglav be mentioned here? It would appear to me that the explanation of the name as meaning something along the lines of "the mountain with three peaks seen from a certain point" could be an example of popular ethymology.

 * Triglav (mountain) has only 2 "heads" (peaks). Seems probable that "Triglav" refers to that ancient deity not to the literal meaning of the word (triglav meaning 3-headed/3-heads). Should be mentioned here and the Triglav(deity) page. --Neikius 00:35, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Triglav may only have 2 peaks but from afar it look like they are 3 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.161.15.223 (talk) 10:08, 1 September 2011 (UTC)

Occult nonsense. Triglav was named after 3 heads of this mountain and indeed, after god Triglav. In Bled (island) was a temple dedicated to goddess Zhiva, which was destroyed and rebuilt into a Christian church. There remained many legends about Golden horn god (Zlatorog), who was in fact representing a god Kresnik (Perun)... Perun was probably part of the Trinity called Triglav, like a Vedic Trimurti. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.182.226.78 (talk) 20:51, 6 September 2014 (UTC)

Rimsky-Korsakov
"A lengthy symphonic poem by the composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, adapted from the third act of his opera Mlada, bears the title “Night on Mount Triglav”, though the action is actually situated among the Polabian Slavs near the Elbe river, in today's Germany."

I've removed this paragraph as I don't see how does it relate with Mt. Triglav that is the subject of this article. --Eleassar my talk 15:04, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

First occurrence of the name
The etymology section mentions that the name of the mountain first appeared in 1612, whereas here (or here) it is written that it was mentioned in 1452. --Eleassar my talk 19:22, 1 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Snoj usually gives the first attestation date of a name, although he does not explicitly state this. More detail about the 1452 date is here (see page 330, bottom half of page, with Trglau rather than Terglau). I'll rephrase the Snoj-based material so that it doesn't contradict the other data. The 1573 date seems reliable, but the commentary makes 1452 sound conjectural somehow—the Svet pod Triglavom article says "zanesljivo izpričan" (reliably attested), but the "zakaj bi ga ne imela?" (why wouldn't it have it?) in Planinski vestnik sounds less certain. And were the older transcriptions Trglau or Terglau? What do you think? Doremo (talk) 04:06, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
 * The Bezlaj et al. dictionary (Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika) also has the date 1612 for Terglau, but does not mention any earlier dates. It seems odd that these scholars would have ignored the 1452/1573 dates if they were reliable. Doremo (talk) 04:12, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I think that it should be noted that some sources/scholars mention 1452 as the year of the first mention of the name, but this is only a conjecture. As for 1573, it sounds reliable. We should mention these dates, but should also ascribe them to the authors that mention them. The year 1573 is also mentioned in this article (pg. 100, 1st column, last paragraph) by Boris Golec. An interesting source is also this one from 1903 (PV, IX/12, pg. 201). --Eleassar my talk 11:36, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I've added the material to the section. A review would be appreciated. --Eleassar my talk 11:13, 2 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I've made some minor copyedits to the additions. Doremo (talk) 11:47, 2 March 2013 (UTC)

Triglav god
You should include Slavic god Triglav into this article... Because the name derives from "it"(them)..."3 head". — Preceding unsigned comment added by 109.182.226.78 (talk) 20:49, 6 September 2014 (UTC)

Coordinate error
The following coordinate fixes are needed for Triglav, mountain peak

Presented coordinates appear approx 5km east of correct location.

A Better location is 46°22'42" N 13°50'12" E

—149.254.234.228 (talk) 07:32, 6 December 2017 (UTC)
 * ✅. Thanks for pointing out the needed correction. Deor (talk) 11:20, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Triglav


text: Category:Wikipedians

title: Category:Wikipedians


text:
Talk:Joseph Beuys

Beuys and Anti-Art ?
I just came across a change by User:Armando Navarro who added Anti-art as a See-also link to the article. In that article the text relevant to Beuys (and lifted from here) is:
 * Indebted to Romantic writers such as Novalis and Schiller, Joseph Beuys was motivated by a utopian belief in the power of universal human creativity and was confident in the potential for art to bring about revolutionary change. This translated into Beuys’s formulation of the concept of Social Sculpture, in which society as a whole was to be regarded as one great work of art (the Wagnerian Gesamtkunstwerk) to which each person can contribute creatively (perhaps Beuys’s most famous phrase, borrowed from Novalis, is ‘Everyone is an artist’).

IMO this reflects Beuys' position correctly but it contradicts the claim of the article: he is an artist, not an anti-artist; he stands for an expansion of the concept of "art", not for taking up an opposing position (opposed to what exactly  would be the question here). I think this link is quite misleading and to present Beuys as an anti-artist doesn't seem viable. Nor can I see how this text would support the anti-art article in the first place. Or am I completely off the mark here? (I haven't had time yet to look at the sources for Anti-art.) Thoughts? Enki H. (talk) 02:36, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

References that support Beuys' association with anti-art

 * RoseLee Goldberg. “Performance: live art, 1909 to the present”. H. N. Abrams, 1979, p. 96 : “Beuys's polemical art and anti-art attitudes soon began to disturb the authorities; considered a disruptive element within the institution, he was always up against considerable opposition there and was finally, in 1972, dismissed amidst violent student protest.”
 * Moira Weigel. “Grand illusion”. The Guardian, 25 April 2009. “Nor could he [Gerhard Richter] embrace the anti-art ideals of Beuys and the Fluxus group, which were deeply hostile to his form of studio practice.”
 * Michael Kimmelman. “Exploring A Labyrinth Of Ambiguities”. The New York Times, February 19, 1993. “Nonetheless, many of these early works are peculiarly exquisite. Beuys reveals in them a formal sensibility, a feel for the poetry of materials and a delicacy of touch that belie his anti-art posture.”
 * Richard Kearney. “The Wake of Imagination”. Routledge, 1998, p. 254 : “Marcel Duchamp announces the end of humanist art as an expression of the creative imagination: art becomes an anti-art which ironically mimics the dehumanizing tendencies of our mechanistic age. The works of Lichtenstein, Beuys, Ben Vautier, Ballagh and Warhol confirm this conviction.”

Armando Navarro (talk) 18:57, 26 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Please keep this discussion on the Talk:Anti-art talk page. I have explained there why this should not be considered a Beuys topic. Thank you Enki H. (talk) 06:06, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

Translating from the FA on :de: (in progress)
The German version is a Featured Article. Based on this, I am beginning a rewrite in place.

 * As I get on with this, I'll add the section headings as subheading here. That would also provide a logical place for discussion. Enki H. (talk) 03:08, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

 * References will get out of synch. For now, I'll simply copy them from the de: version, then merge and unify them once the main body of the rewrite is in place. Enki H. (talk) 17:49, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Lead
First draft of translation done. Added a stub for Social sculpture to :en: Enki H. (talk) 04:11, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Biography
Restructured section headings as below. I think de: is a little over the top in terms of detail. Will try to condense a bit as I go along and focus on that what is significant context for his work. There is an implication to this restructuring: biography and body of work will end up in separate sections, not interwoven as they are now. Enki H. (talk) 15:51, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Childhood and early life in the Third Reich (1921-1941)
First draft completed. Enki H. (talk) 17:49, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

WW II (1941-1945)
Done. Enki H. (talk) 17:05, 26 April 2009 (UTC)

Studies and beginnings (1945-1960)
In progress. Enki H. (talk) 14:54, 27 April 2009 (UTC)

Academia and public (1960 - 1975)
TBD

Documenta and commercial success
I would rather merge that contents into appropriate sections, so as not to break the chronological flow. Enki H. (talk) 15:12, 24 April 2009 (UTC) gaaaah!!!

IPA-all vs. IPA-de
The template used for the name pronunciation is the correct one. The name of a person should be pronounced correctly in any language, the concept of "German pronunciation" does not apply. This is precisely why we are using IPA. Please discuss here if there is a need to discuss. Thank you. Enki H. (talk) 21:50, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

 * But this is not how it's pronounced correctly in English. Normally we give the English pronunciation of names; if it's not English, per the MOS we should indicate which language it is. For example, we don't try to claim that Einstein is in any language, only in German. (Thanks BTW for letting me know. It's hard to follow up on AWB edits.) kwami (talk) 22:00, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

 * You raise an interesting subtle point; my understanding is that names are by convention and etiquette pronounced as close to the way the person addressed would pronounce his own name, as the speaker can manage. Therefore the IPA would be correct for any language, not just for German; i.e. IPA-all, not IPA-de, i.e. it's the "English" pronunciation as much as any other. Using the IPA-de template would somehow imply that the correct "English" should be different. Now, if this were German words e.g. ein Stein I would fully agree with, but for the name I'd prefer  over , we wouldn't write  either. Also note that the IPA-de template links to the IPA chart with German paradigms which is not very useful in this context. (Now, how did we end up with Einstein?) (AWB probably caught on the deprecated IPA2 template I had originally used.) Cheers. Enki H. (talk) 23:01, 11 May 2009 (UTC)

 * We may try to be as close as possible, but if the name includes sounds we don't have in our language, we probably won't be very close. Our job is not to be prescriptive and tell the reader how they should pronounce a name, but only tell them how the name is pronounced, and the language it's spoken in is relevant. Now, Beuys may be obscure enough that there is no established English pronunciation, in which case we can leave it with just the German and let people try to approximate it (presumably with English ), but is the pronunciation in German regardless, and we should inform people that. "IPA-all" isn't seen by the reader, and therefore the word "all" has no implication for the reader. It's simply the template we use when we don't have a language-specific template, or for whatever reason don't wish to use it.

 * "Beuys" isn't going to be much different in English and German, but what about "Jesus"? Should we only give the Aramaic, assuming we can figure out what it actually was? Or Van Gogh: even the Dutch get it wrong, and it's a Dutch name! We could transcribe it, but our Dutch sound file has , since the speaker was from Holland, and is a standardized English pronunciation, just as  is conventional in French.  is certainly not the pronunciation in all languages, and people generally don't try approximating it. It's only appropriate that we label it as local Dutch. As for Einstein, it's not pronounced  in English, so we'd be remiss to imply that it is. Per the MOS, pronunciations should be in English, and when we give non-English pronunciations, they should be labeled as such. This is really a discussion that should be taken up at WP:Pronunciation.

 * As for the German IPA key not being very useful, that is a different matter entirely. The solution there is to modify the key to make it more user friendly. I know this has been a complaint at some of the other language IPA keys, and some of them at least have been rewritten to accommodate.

 * (I'm going to add the Einstein example to the MOS, and see how people respond there.) kwami (talk) 01:13, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Another interesting (subtle) point Kwamikagami. Our job is not to be prescriptive - I would argue that IPA in an encyclopedia precisely serves the function to be prescriptive (or maybe more accurately: normative). Is it not the encyclopedia's purpose to answer the user's question: how is this pronounced "correctly"?

 * The crux of my argument is the claim: (1) while we are normally descriptivists, etiquette defines a special case for personal names: (2) names should be pronounced close to how the named would pronounce it him/herself. (3) IPA allows us to communicate that standard. (4) That standard can't really be considered a national pronunciation because it applie to speakers of all languages, not only the original source.

 * Van Gogh? How would he have pronounced it? That would be the "right" way IMO. In the end this is really a question for MOS; do you think we should we take it there? Is it important? Enki H. (talk) 03:05, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

 * It's definitely a case for the MOS. I think I can anticipate a typical response (though I might be surprised): this is English Wikipedia, therefore pronunciations should be in English. If for some reason a pronunciation is not in English, then we should at the very least indicate that it's not English.

 * A lot of people have trouble with the IPA. We get complaints about it all the time from people who want a "phonetic" notation. (I know. Don't get me started.) I think at the very least we should warn people that, not only is the transcription in the IPA, but when they finally decipher it, what they'll end up with won't be English. And in any case, except for linguists and polyglots, people are only going to be able to pronounce foreign names correctly when one of their languages happens to have the same phones as the target.

 * As for being semi-prescriptivist, yes, we give German pronunciations in standard German, though we do often give the local dialect as well. But people don't just want foreign pronunciations. They also want the English, if it exists. And they want to know which is which. As for politeness, that's really a cultural matter, and certainly not our place to decide. I can think of many cases where it is not normal to use a best approximation of the native pronunciation. One is Kant, which could get you slapped in the face. Another in Roh Tae-woo, since in Korean his name is pronounced "no", and the Korean government decided to go with an inauthentic spelling pronunciation in English. Plus there are lots and lots of anglicized names. In many cases, the authentic pronunciation is nearly useless: practically no-one would recognize an "authentic" pronunciation of Virgil, and though people would recognize Einstein and maybe Montreal, they'd think you're a snob. So I think we need both, and to clearly distinguish them. kwami (talk) 05:22, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Kwamikagami, I am undoing your edit one last time. You and I have no consensus on this. I say: names do not follow national pronunciations. If you must change it again, I will not contest this - there are more important things to do. Just this: I say you are prescribing your US-American perspective. Once again: there is no German way to pronounce a name respectfully, there is no English, no French, no Japanese way. There is only one respectful way - that of the name's owner - and others are not. This has nothing to do with nationality.

 * On a personal note: I find it troubling that one who knows more about language than many others who edit here would use his skills in this way, rather than bring knowledge into the encyclopaedia. Wikipedia desperately needs expertise like yours. But your passions seem to take you somewhere else. I sincerely hope someday you will understand. With respect: Enki H. (talk) 03:42, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

 * If you wish to change the way we indicate pronunciations on Wikipedia, then you really need to bring it up at MOS. I'm not imposing anything: It's a German pronunciation, and we'd be remiss not to tell our readers that. If you want to pronounce people's names exactly as they pronounce them themselves, that's great (I try to do that myself), but it's still the German pronunciation. My English name is almost impossible for anyone else to pronounce, so rather than have people mangle it, I typically take an alias when abroad. But I certainly wouldn't criticize Beuys for being unable to pronounce it correctly, or be insulted if he didn't use the English pronunciation of my name when speaking German.

 * "Bring knowledge"? You're attempting to delete knowledge, by pretending that this is not the German pronunciation. It certainly isn't the English pronunciation, which is what we expect in an article, since it's impossible in English. English doesn't have those sounds. What's so bad about it being German? He's German, it's hardly surprising that his name is German. You're attempting to impose your own values on others, while denying it. kwami (talk) 07:16, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Since you haven't done so, I've taken it up at MOS in case anyone there agrees with you. kwami (talk) 07:37, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I have to say I'm with Kwami on this. Take Khrushchev as a further example. In Russian one would pronounce the name /xruˈɕːof/. In English it is generally pronounced /ˈkruʃtʃev/. These are facts about how the name is normally pronounced in Russian and English. We could argue about whether it's polite or impolite that English speakers don't tend to say /xruˈɕːof/, or whether Khrushchev minded or not. But that's actually irrelevant, which is exactly the point about encyclopedias being descriptive and not prescriptive. I notice that the article for Khrushchev doesn't give a pronunciation, but I'd advocate its saying something like: "Russian pronunciation /xruˈɕːof/; in English normally /ˈkruʃtʃev/". To take other examples: we say /ˈdʒuljəs ˈsizə(r)/ and /ˈsɪsəroʊ/ not /iuːlijus ˈkaisar/ and /ˈkikero/, despite knowing how the two individuals would have referred to themselves. Nor do we English speakers tend to pronounce Sarkozy's name with [ʁ]. I'm afraid names aren't international; there may be international tendencies to pronounce a name one way, which may or may not reflect how the name is pronounced in the bearer's own language, or there may be various conventional pronunciations in different languages. All Wikipedia should do is describe how a name is normally pronounced in relevant languages. garik (talk) 09:52, 19 May 2009 (UTC) edited by garik (talk) 10:51, 19 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Getting back to the more practical issue of what template to use: The only argument I can see for using IPA-all is that the page it directs to might be more helpful for users who don't know any German than the one IPA-de directs to. But that's more a matter of improvements being needed on the IPA-de page. Otherwise the logic would lead us to use IPA-all for all transcriptions, and to abandon the more specific pages except as a guide for editors. The pronunciation of the name Joseph Beuys should be treated the same as the pronunciation of words like Schadenfreude, and that means that IPA-de is the correct template. garik (talk) 10:21, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

Don't forget Cat and Girl
Cat and Girl have their own page on Wikipedia, and is a webcomic with a fairly big following. Is it worth mentioning in the article the role Zombie Josheph Bueys plays in the comic? 72.191.111.95 (talk) 03:02, 3 October 2009 (UTC)

Beuys and Dalai Lama
There were some plans by Beuys to collaborate with the 14th Dalai Lama and met with him personally. These information are not included at all in the article. There is quite some literature about it but the knowledge within a broader public got almost lost. It might be good to include some information in the article. I added a link at the very end that informs about the background and aims, and that has also some further reading recommendations: http://info-buddhism.com/dalai_lama_art_louwrien_wijers.html ––87.185.175.238 (talk) 15:59, 11 December 2013 (UTC)

Fictionalization ?
The fictionalization parts are poorly explained here. The casual reader would think that he fictionalized most everything. However, it appears that he did crash during the war, he was treated by the local people, and returned to Germany with burns on his body. Which parts are fictionalized should be more specific on this page, instead of quoting someone who seems to have had some jealousy issues or superiority complex. Also, he was a founding member of the Green Party, which is an artistic act in itself, as is the 7000 oaks project, which, like all his work, brilliantly blurs the lines between art, politics, and primitive nature, and is more relevant today that ever, the trees are still growing, the artwork is expanding. What other artist can say that, decades after they are dead ? "Shot down over the Crimea in a snowstorm in 1943, badly wounded and looked after for some days by Tartars." https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/joseph-beuys-747 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.63.50.134 (talk) 14:16, 11 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Yes, I agree. Such smear attempts are no t corroborated by any credible evidence, and should be removed.

"apparent eyewitnesses"
"apparent eyewitnesses" are not considered credible sources on Wikipedia, and sections using much much more credible sources are often removed on other Wikipedia pages. This whole attempt to smear Beuys based by lynch mob rumor mentality in the art critic circles should be removed. All credibly sources say that he was shot down, and was treated by locals. And the use of fat and butter as a healing agent was common practice. There are no credible sources that disprove Beuys' story, and this was just a smear attempt by jealous small minded art critiques and people who have never been anywhere or done anything, and who can't accept that tribal people knew how to heal themselves of many ailments and accidents. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.63.50.134 (talk) 13:52, 14 January 2015 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Joseph Beuys


text:
User:Zencefil

Born in and a resident of Istanbul.

Musician; Classics undergraduate.

Focuses of interest: Music; Classics studies; languages and linguistics in general; history; religion; civilization and architecture; evolution; computer gaming (chiefly strategy and RPG); and pretty much anything that is worth the interest.

Other known aliases: Mouzafphaerre (variant spelling MVZAFPHAER), Urwendil

title: User:Zencefil


text:
Moana Carcasses Kalosil

Moana Carcasses Kalosil (born 27 January 1963 ) is a Vanuatuan politician. He was Prime Minister of Vanuatu from March 2013 to May 2014. He was the first naturalized citizen of Vanuatu to become the country's prime minister.

Carcasses was ousted as prime minister in 2014 in a motion of no-confidence, but returned to government in 2015 as Deputy Prime Minister in the government of Sato Kilman. In October 2015, Carcasses and 13 of his fellow government MPs were imprisoned for bribery after the Vanuatu Supreme Court found that Carcasses had offered loans to the other MPs to gain their support in a motion of no-confidence while in Opposition.

Biography
Moana Carcasses was born on 27 January 1963 in Taravao, Tahiti, French Polynesia. His mother was ethnically Tahitian. His French father was originally from the region surrounding Carcassonne in Southern France.

Political career
He served as Foreign Minister under Prime Minister Edward Natapei from 2003 to 2004. Following parliamentary elections, he became Minister of Finance on 28 July 2004 under Prime Minister Serge Vohor. He kept the post of finance minister when Ham Lini became prime minister later in 2004. He remained in that position until 14 November 2005, when he was sacked by Lini for unclear reasons.

He is a member of the Vanuatu Green Party (Green Confederation), which he led into the opposition when he lost his cabinet post in November 2005. On that occasion became deputy leader of the opposition.

In the September 2008 general election, he retained his seat, as well as the leadership of the Green Confederation, and became whip of the parliamentary Opposition to Prime Minister Edward Natapei's government.

In December 2008, he and fellow Member of Parliament Ralph Regenvanu were arrested, detained by the police for 24 hours, and charged with "harbouring and aiding of prisoners", "obstructing police on duty" and "accessory after the fact" to the breakout of 30 inmates from the country's main prison in Port Vila. Although Regenvanu admitted having known of the plans for the breakout, and having assisted escapees in finding shelter at the Malvatu Mauri nakamal, it is not clear what role Carcasses allegedly played in these events. They were released, provisionally, and appeared in court in February 2009. In January 2009, Prime Minister Edward Natapei's government stated that it would consider seeking Regenvanu's and Carcasses' suspension from Parliament over the charges.

In September 2009, the Supreme Court dropped all charges against both men.

In December 2009, in the context of a Cabinet reshuffle, Carcasses left the Opposition and joined Natapei's government, becoming Minister of Internal Affairs. In his latter capacity, he argued that unemployment in Vanuatu should be addressed by encouraging young people to return to agricultural work in their native rural areas, and produce their own food, rather than move to Port Vila where they would often struggle to find a job. He joined the Cabinet as the leader of an informal "Alliance" of MPs from a variety of small parties, and three independent MPs.

As Minister for Internal Affairs and Labour, he stated that he had prevented unqualified applicant Chinese labourers in the construction sector from obtaining or renewing work permits, "because these people wanted to rob employment from ni-Vanuatu. My policy is that 'man ples' [indigenous ni-Vanuatu] are the priority".

In December 2010, when the Natapei government was ousted in a vote of no confidence, Carcasses supported his successor Sato Kilman, and obtained a post as Minister of Finance and Economic Management in the new government. Kilman was himself ousted in a vote of no confidence on 24 April 2011, however, and Carcasses lost his position in government. He recovered it three weeks later, on 13 May, when the court of appeal voided the election of Serge Vohor's new government on constitutional grounds, and the Kilman government was restored. This lasted for only a month; on 16 June, the Kilman premiership was itself voided on constitutional grounds by the Supreme Court's Chief Justice Vincent Lunabek, and Carcasses lost office once more. He regained it on 26 June when Kilman was restored as Prime Minister by Parliament, and reinstated his Cabinet.

Prime Minister of Vanuatu
Carcasses retained his seat in the October 2012 general election, and maintained his confidence in the Kilman government, of which however he was no longer a member. He sat as a government backbencher until 20 March 2013, when he was one of 8 MPs to cross the floor, join the Opposition and force Kilman to resign. Three days later, Parliament elected Carcasses as Prime Minister, with the support of 34 MPs out of 52. He is the first foreign-born person to lead the country, and his predecessor objected to his election on those grounds.

In addition to his focus on the environment (including the creation of a Ministry for Planning and Climate Change ), the press noted "his unwavering support for the West Papua cause", and his opposition to Indonesia's participation as an observer in the Melanesian Spearhead Group - a position which contrasted with his predecessor's.

He entrusted his Minister for Foreign Affairs, Edward Natapei, with a clean-up of the selling of diplomatic passports by previous governments. Within the first few days of the Carcasses government, the passports of "about ten" diplomats were revoked, with indications that more than two-thirds of the country's diplomats could lose their position, as their appointment had not followed proper procedures.

Bribery
In October 2015, Moana Carcasses and 13 other MPs were found guilty by the Vanuatu Supreme Court of bribery under the Penal Code. (An additional MP, Willie Jimmy, had already pleaded guilty, and another, Robert Bohn, was acquitted.) Carcasses was Deputy Prime Minister at the time of his conviction. The court found that Carcasses, together with Tony Ngari MP, had offered bribes totalling $452,000 to the other MPs to secure their support in a motion of no-confidence to oust the government of Joe Natuman. The judge, Justice Mary Sey, refused to accept the defence argument that these payments were development loans. At one point during the trial, Carcassess was accused of threatening a witness. Additional charges of inappropriate giving of loans under the Leadership Code Act were dropped after it was ruled in a separate court judgement that the Ombudsman had not followed proper procedure in preparing a report into these allegations.

In the aftermath of the verdict, Carcasses called for calm and for people to respect the law. He was not among the MPs who faced additional charges of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice after Speaker of Parliament Marcellino Pipite, one of the convicts, attempted to use his powers as Acting President to have himself and the others pardoned. Carcasses was sentenced to 4 years imprisonment; most of those whom he had bribed received 3-year jail terms. The case was widely acclaimed as a positive step towards tackling corruption in Vanuatu.

title: Moana Carcasses Kalosil


text:
Talk:Triple conjunction

No title
Could someone with a solid background in astronomy please verify that the correct English-language terms have been used throughout? I've fixed a few I know were wrong. I'm not at all sure on "elongation" as used here, but don't know a more correct term. -- Jmabel 05:26, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)

What About 3 Planets Together?
What is that called. I came here thinking maybe "Triple Conjunction" was it, but it's clearly not.68.84.184.83 (talk) 03:23, 16 October 2011 (UTC)

Contradiction
"At nearly every inferior conjunction there is a triple conjunction between Mercury and Venus. ... Triple conjunctions between Mercury and Venus are also possible, if Mercury and Venus are at the same time in inferior conjunction. This event is much rarer ..."

A triple conjunction at inferior conjunction is much rarer than a triple conjunction at inferior conjunction? This doesn't make sense. I'll fix it when I've worked out what it should say. Occultations (talk) 14:08, 27 April 2013 (UTC)

Disputed
"If Mars is in conjunction with the Sun, there is often a triple conjunction between Mars and Mercury or between Mars and Venus." I don't believe this. The most that can happen is a double conjunction.

"Triple conjunctions between the inferior planets Mercury and Venus and the superior planets ... take place when these objects are at the same time in conjunction to sun while Mercury or Venus are at inferior conjunction." I don't believe any of this. Only a single conjunction happens.

Occultations (talk) 14:19, 27 April 2013 (UTC)

miscategorized
The subject of this article is not part of astronomy. It is part of astrology. I propose the categories be revised accordingly.

title: Talk:Triple conjunction


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Talk:Philip Glass

most influential composer of late 2oth century
Ph. Glass being the "most influential composer of the late 20th century" is suggestiv, highly debatable and supports a distorted image of the pluralistic musical landscape of the respected time. It certainly should not open a neutrally descriptive encyclopedic article. The many referenced sources don't meet academic standards or represent a musicologically contextualized perspective. To mark his meaning and impact for music history I want to instead suggest "is one of the most commercially successful" composers (not debatable) or "one of the founding figures of minimalist music" (musicologically/historically approved, see "Oxford Dictionary of Music" et. al.). Slalomee (talk) 10:44, 26 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Philip Glass


text:
Barak Sopé

Barak Tame Sopé Mautamata (born 13 August 1950) is a ni-Vanuatu politician. He was the leader of the Melanesian Progressive Party and was, until 2008, a member of the Vanuatu parliament from the island of Efate. He was the Prime Minister of Vanuatu from 1999 until 2001, when he was deposed by Parliament in a no confidence vote.

Sopé was Minister of Finance in 1996. He was elected Prime Minister in a parliamentary vote on 25 November 1999, receiving 28 votes against 24 for Edward Natapei. Shortly after he was deposed on 13 April 2001, he was convicted on 2 charges of forging several million US dollars' worth of Vanuatu Government Guarantees and was sentenced in July 2002 to 3 years on each charge (to be served concurrently), but was pardoned in 2003 despite heavy opposition from Australia and New Zealand. When the coalition government of Serge Vohor was sworn in on 29 July 2004, Sopé became Minister of Foreign Affairs. He lost that position in November 2004 after he spoke out against Vanuatu's attempts to establish diplomatic relations with Taiwan, reputedly due to his own dealings with the Chinese. He returned to the cabinet in December 2004 when the government of Ham Lini took office, taking up the post of Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.

In the September 2008 general election, Sopé lost his seat in Parliament.

In September 2014, Sopé was a candidate in the indirect presidential elections. He was eventually defeated in the eighth round of voting by Baldwin Lonsdale.

title: Barak Sopé


text:
List of Michigan state prisons

This is a list of current and former state prisons and minimum security prison camps in Michigan. It does not include federal prisons or county jails located in that State. All facilities not otherwise indicated are facilities for men.

Michigan State Prison (also called the Jackson Prison) was the first state prison, built in 1842. A larger prison building was built in 1926 and used until 2007. It was reorganized into separate prisons in 1988. The Detroit House of Corrections, built in 1861, was owned and run by the city of Detroit but originally accepted prisoners from throughout the state including women. The Detroit House of Corrections was transferred to the state in 1986, renamed to Western Wayne Correctional Facility, and became a women's facility for the rest of its tenure. It eventually closed in December 2004 and all inmates and staff were transferred to the Huron Valley Complex in Ypsilanti. The closure of the facility saved the state an estimated $23 million per year. The Michigan Asylum for Insane Criminals was built in Ionia in 1885 and treated prisoners and non-prisoners until 1972. It was renamed the Ionia State Hospital and is currently Riverside Correctional Facility. The Marquette Branch Prison was built in 1889 for Upper Peninsula prisoners and the original building is still in use.

In operation
As of January 2014, these facilities are open and in operation.

Closed
As of January 2014, these facilities are currently closed, or have been consolidated into other facilities.

Prisons
West Shoreline Correctional Facility closed on March 24, 2018

Minimum security prison camps
The minimum security prison camp program was ended in 2009 with the closures of Camp Cusino, Camp Kitwen, Camp Lehman, Camp Ottawa, and Camp White Lake.

title: List of Michigan state prisons


text:
Horned screamer

The horned screamer  (Anhima cornuta) is a species of bird that belongs to a relatively small family, the Anhimidae, which occurs in wetlands of tropical South America. There are three screamer species, the other two being the southern screamer and the northern screamer in the genus Chauna. They are related to the ducks, geese and swans, which are in the family Anatidae, but have bills looking more like those of game birds.

Taxonomy
Already known in the 17th century, the horned screamer was described in 1766 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the twelfth edition of his Systema Naturae. He introduced the binomial name Palamedea cornuta. The horned screamer is now the only species placed in the genus Anhima that was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. The specific epithet cornuta is the Latin word for "horned". The German naturalist Georg Marcgrave had used the Latin name Anhima in 1648 for the horned screamer in his Historia naturalis Brasiliae. The name was from the word for the bird in the Tupi language of South America.

Description
The horned screamer is a massive 84 – long, 3.5 kg bird, with a small chicken-like bill. The upperparts, head, and breast are black, with white speckles on the crown, throat and wing coverts. There is a long spiny structure projecting forward from the crown. This structure is unique among birds and is not derived from a feather but is a cornified structure that is loosely attached to the skull and grows continuously while often breaking at its tip. This gives this species its name. It has very long and lanky legs and three large toes in each. The belly and under wing coverts are white. It has two sharp spurs on its wings and feet which are only partially webbed.

Call
The horned screamer's call, as the name suggests, is a very loud and repetitive echoing sound. It is called "el clon-clon" in Ecuador because of this peculiar feature.

Distribution and habitat
The horned screamer is found in lowlands from Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, French Guiana, Suriname, and Guyana. It has been possibly extirpated from Trinidad. Despite having declined locally, it remains widespread and is fairly common overall. Its range in Brazil appears to have expanded in recent years.

Behavior
Screamers, like most birds, tend to group together, but are for the most part semi-social. The existence of the screamer is rather sedentary. It lives in well-vegetated marshes and feeds on water plants.

Breeding
Its nest is a large pile of floating vegetation anchored in shallow water. Three olive-brown eggs are laid, and the young, like those of most Anseriformes, can run as soon as they are hatched.

As a symbol
The horned screamer is the official bird of both the Department of Arauca and the Municipality of Arauca in Colombia, as well as a symbol of the National Reserve of Churute in Ecuador. The department and its capital are named after the bird, which is called arauco or aruco in Spanish.

title: Horned screamer


text: User talk:68.63.191.8

title: User talk:68.63.191.8


text:
Élisée Reclus

Jacques Élisée Reclus (15 March 1830 – 4 July 1905) was a French geographer, writer and anarchist. He produced his 19-volume masterwork, La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes ("Universal Geography"), over a period of nearly 20 years (1875–1894). In 1892 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Paris Geographical Society for this work, despite having been banished from France because of his political activism.

Biography
Reclus was born at Sainte-Foy-la-Grande (Gironde). He was the second son of a Protestant pastor and his wife. From the family of fourteen children, several brothers, including fellow geographers Onésime and Élie Reclus, went on to achieve renown either as men of letters, politicians or members of the learned professions.

Reclus began his education in Rhenish Prussia, and continued higher studies at the Protestant college of Montauban. He completed his studies at the University of Berlin, where he followed a long course of geography under Carl Ritter.

Withdrawing from France due to the political events of December 1851, as a young man he spent the next six years (1852–1857) traveling and working in Great Britain, the United States, Central America, and Colombia. Arriving in Louisiana in 1853, Reclus worked for about two and a half years as a tutor to the children of cousin Septime and Félicité Fortier at their plantation Félicité, located about 50 mile upriver from New Orleans. He recounted his passage through the Mississippi River Delta and impressions of antebellum New Orleans and the state in Fragment d'un voyage à la Nouvelle-Orléans, published in 1855.

On his return to Paris, Reclus contributed to the Revue des deux mondes, the Tour du monde and other periodicals, a large number of articles embodying the results of his geographical work. Among other works of this period was the short book Histoire d'un ruisseau, in which he traced the development of a great river from source to mouth. During 1867 and 1868, he published La Terre; description des phénomènes de la vie du globe in two volumes. During the Siege of Paris (1870–1871), Reclus shared in the aerostatic operations conducted by Félix Nadar, and also served in the National Guard. As a member of the Association Nationale des Travailleurs, he published a hostile manifesto against the government of Versailles in support of the Paris Commune of 1871 in the Cri du Peuple.

Continuing to serve in the National Guard, which was then in open revolt, Reclus was taken prisoner on 5 April into Fort Quélern. On 16 November he was sentenced to deportation for life. Because of intervention by supporters from England, the sentence was commuted in January 1872 to perpetual banishment from France.

After a short visit to Italy, Reclus settled at Clarens, Switzerland, where he resumed his literary labours and produced Histoire d'une montagne, a companion to Histoire d'un ruisseau. There he wrote nearly the whole of his work, La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes, "an examination of every continent and country in terms of the effects that geographic features like rivers and mountains had on human populations—and vice versa." This compilation was profusely illustrated with maps, plans, and engravings. It was awarded the gold medal of the Paris Geographical Society in 1892. An English edition was published simultaneously, also in 19 volumes, the first four translated by E. G. Ravenstein, the rest by A. H. Keane. Reclus's writings were characterized by extreme accuracy and brilliant exposition, which gave them permanent literary and scientific value.

According to Kirkpatrick Sale: "His geographical work, thoroughly researched and unflinchingly scientific, laid out a picture of human-nature interaction that we today would call bioregionalism. It showed, with more detail than anyone but a dedicated geographer could possibly absorb, how the ecology of a place determined the kinds of lives and livelihoods its denizens would have and thus how people could properly live in self-regarding and self-determined bioregions without the interference of large and centralized governments that always try to homogenize diverse geographical areas."

In 1882, Reclus initiated the Anti-Marriage Movement. In accordance with these beliefs and the practice of union libre ("free unions"), which was common among working-class French in the mid-to-late 1800s, Reclus allowed his two daughters to "marry" their male partners without any civil or religious ceremonies, an action causing embarrassment to many of his well-wishers. Reclus had himself entered a free union in 1872, after the death of his first wife. In 1882 he also wrote Unions Libres, a pamphlet which detailed his anarchist and feminist objections to marriage. The French government initiated prosecution from the High Court of Lyon, arrested him and Peter Kropotkin as the International Association's organizers, and sentenced the latter to five years' imprisonment. Reclus escaped punishment as he remained in Switzerland. In a 1913 piece, Kropotkin, in admiration of Reclus, said that if anyone asked about the conflicts of the Middle East, that "I should merely open the volume of Elisée Reclus's Geographie Universelle L'Asie, Russe..."

Reclus had strong views on naturism and the benefits of nudity. He argued that living naked was more hygienic than wearing clothes; he believed that it was healthier for skin to be fully exposed to light and air so that it could resume its "natural vitality and activity" and become more flexible and firm at the same time. He also argued that from an aesthetic point of view, nudity was better: naked people were more beautiful. His principal objection to clothing was, however, a moral one; he felt that a fixation with clothing caused excessive focus on what was covered.

In 1894, Reclus was appointed chair of comparative geography at the Free University of Brussels, and moved with his family to Belgium. His brother Élie Reclus was at the university already, teaching religion. Élisée Reclus continued to write, contributing several important articles and essays to French, German and English scientific journals. He was awarded the 1894 Patron's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society.

In 1905, shortly before his death, Reclus completed L'Homme et la terre, in which he rounded out his previous works by considering humanity's development relative to its geographical environment.

Personal life
On 11 March 1858, he was initiated in the regular Scottish Rite Masonic Lodge Les Émules d'Hiram, affiliated to the Grand Orient of France. His brother was just initiated and took part in his masonic baptism. He remained at the initial degrees of the Masonic spiritual path.

Reclus married and had a family, including two daughters.

He died at Torhout, near Bruges, Belgium.

Legacy
Reclus was admired by many prominent 19th century thinkers, including Alfred Russel Wallace, George Perkins Marsh, Patrick Geddes, Henry Stephens Salt, and Octave Mirbeau. James Joyce was influenced by Léon Metchnikoff's book La civilisation et les grands fleuves historiques, to which Reclus contributed a foreword.

Reclus advocated nature conservation and opposed meat-eating and cruelty to animals. He was a vegetarian. As a result, his ideas are seen by some historians and writers as anticipating the modern social ecology and animal rights movements.

Books
L'Homme et la terre (''The Earth and Its Inhabitants"), 6 volumes:
 * L'Homme et la terre (1905), e-text online, Internet Archive
 * v.5 Russia in Europe, etc. (Index)
 * v.6 Asiatic Russia (Index)
 * Europe: v.1, v.2, v.3, v.4, v.5
 * North America: v.1, v.2, v.3
 * Africa: v.1 v.2 v.3 v.4.
 * The earth and its inhabitants. The universal geography, ed. by E.G. Ravenstein (A.H. Keane). (J.S. Virtue, 1878)
 * The earth and its inhabitants, Asia, Volume 1 (D. Appleton and Company, 1891)
 * The Earth and Its Inhabitants ...: Asiatic Russia: Caucasia, Aralo-Caspian basin, Siberia (D. Appleton and Company, 1891)
 * The Earth and Its Inhabitants ...: South-western Asia (D. Appleton and Company, 1891)
 * The earth and its inhabitants, Asia, Volume 1 (D. Appleton and Company, 1891)
 * The Earth and Its Inhabitants ...: Asiatic Russia: Caucasia, Aralo-Caspian basin, Siberia (D. Appleton and Company, 1891)
 * The Earth and Its Inhabitants ...: South-western Asia (D. Appleton and Company, 1891)

Anthology

 * Du sentiment de la nature dans les sociétés modernes et autres textes, Éditions Premières Pierres, 2002 – ISBN 9782913534049

Articles

 * The Progress of Mankind (Contemporary Review, 1896)
 * Attila de Gerando (Revue Géographie, 1898)
 * A Great Globe (Geograph. Journal, 1898)
 * L'Extrême-Orient (Bulletin de la Société royale de géographie d'Anvers, 1898), a study of the political geography of the Far East and its possible changes
 * a report made for Parisian newspapers about the Paraguayan War, sympathetic towards the Paraguayan side.
 * La Perse (Bulletin de la Société neuchâteloise, 1899)
 * La Phénicie et les Phéniciens (ibid., 1900)
 * La Chine et la diplomatie européenne (L'Humanité nouvelle series, 1900)
 * L'Enseignement de la géographie (Institut de géographie de Bruxelles, No 5, 1901)
 * On Vegetarianism (Humane Review, 1901)

title: Élisée Reclus