text:
Kamatari Fujiwara

Kamatari Fujiwara (藤原釜足) was a Japanese stage and film actor  who appeared in over 200 films between 1933 and 1984. In addition to regular appearances in the films of Akira Kurosawa, he worked for directors such as Mikio Naruse, Yasujirō Ozu, Heinosuke Gosho and others.

Early life and career
Fujiwara was born on 15 January 1905 in Tokyo, Japan. Fujiwara had initially focused on music before he became known as a comic actor After performing in Asakusa operas, a popular form of opera during the Taishō era until its decline after the Great Kantō earthquake, he joined Ken'ichi Enomoto's New Casino Folies. Enomoto's troupe performed satirical stage shows in an era often associated with the term or "Erotic Grotesque Nonsense" era.

Fujiwara gave his film debut in the 1933 film Ongaku kigeki – Horoyui jinsei (lit. "Musical comedy – Intoxicated life"), the first production of the P.C.L. studios (later Toho). Most of Fujiwara's later films were Toho productions. He married actress Sadako Sawamura in 1936 (divorced in 1946). In the late 1930s, Fujiwara found himself in trouble with the nationalist government. The authorities were pushing for artists and high profile individuals to change their names to the traditional spelling, and he was under official censure to do so. Despite this, he kept his name.

Post-war career
Fujiwara's shomin persona always was that of a real-life person. Generally he played the role of an ordinary subject-citizen: petty, conservative, mediocre, far from being handsome or rich. Over time he made this his specialty.

He made his first appearance in an Akira Kurosawa film in the 1952 Ikiru, playing the role of Senkichi, and became a long-time member of Kurosawa's company of actors until his death. Other films with Kurosawa include Seven Samurai, The Lower Depths, The Hidden Fortress and Yojimbo. In addition to Kurosawa, Fujiwara regularly appeared in the films of Mikio Naruse, with whom he had worked since the mid-1930s in films like Wife! Be Like a Rose!, and had roles in Heinosuke Gosho's An Inn at Osaka and Yasujirō Ozu's Tokyo Twilight. He also started appearing on TV in the 1950s, including the series Ayu no uta.

In 1981, Fujiwara received the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 4th Class. His final film role was in Juzo Itami's The Funeral. He died in 1985 at the age of 80.

Legacy
The peasant duo in Kurosawa's The Hidden Fortress, played by Minoru Chiaki and Fujiwara, has repeatedly been cited as inspiration for the robot characters C-3PO and R2-D2 in Star Wars.

Selected filmography

 * Ongaku Kigeki – Horoyui Jinsei (1933)
 * Wife! Be Like a Rose! (1935, directed by Mikio Naruse)
 * The Girl in the Rumor (1935, directed by Mikio Naruse)
 * Tsuruhachi and Tsurujiro (1938, directed by Mikio Naruse)
 * Chocolate and Soldiers (1938, directed by Takeshi Satō)
 * Travelling Actors (1940, directed by Mikio Naruse)
 * Horse (1941, directed by Kajirō Yamamoto)
 * Hideko the Bus Conductor (1941, directed by Mikio Naruse)
 * Blue Mountains (1949, directed by Tadashi Imai)
 * Conduct Report on Professor Ishinaka (1950, directed by Mikio Naruse)
 * The Munekata Sisters (1950, directed by Yasujirō Ozu)
 * Nangoku no hada (1952, directed by Ishirō Honda)
 * Ikiru (1952, directed by Akira Kurosawa)
 * Husband and Wife (1953, directed by Mikio Naruse)
 * The Invisible Avenger (1954, directed by Motoyoshi Oda)
 * The Seven Samurai (1954, directed by Akira Kurosawa)
 * An Inn at Osaka (1954, directed by Heinosuke Gosho)
 * Dobu (1954, directed by Kaneto Shindō)
 * I Live in Fear (1955, directed by Akira Kurosawa)
 * The Lone Journey (1955, directed by Hiroshi Inagaki)
 * Romantic Daughters (1956, directed by Toshio Sugie)
 * Tokyo Twilight (1957, directed by Yasujirō Ozu)
 * The Lower Depths (1957, directed by Akira Kurosawa)
 * Stakeout (1958, dir. Yoshitarō Nomura)
 * The Hidden Fortress (1958, directed by Akira Kurosawa)
 * Life of an Expert Swordsman (1959, directed by Hiroshi Inagaki)
 * The Sun's Burial (1960, directed by Nagisa Oshima)
 * The Bad Sleep Well (1960, directed by Akira Kurosawa)
 * The Approach of Autumn (1960, directed by Mikio Naruse)
 * Yojimbo (1961, directed by Akira Kurosawa)
 * Sanjuro (1962, directed by Akira Kurosawa)
 * Heaven and Hell (1963, directed by Akira Kurosawa)
 * A Woman's Life (1963, directed by Mikio Naruse)
 * Red Beard (1965, directed by Akira Kurosawa)
 * Mickey One (1965, directed by Arthur Penn)
 * Taking The Castle (1965, directed by Toshio Masuda)
 * The Sword of Doom (1966, directed by Kihachi Okamoto)
 * The River of Tears (1967, directed by Kenji Misumi)
 * Double Suicide (1969, directed by Masahiro Shinoda)
 * Dodeskaden (1970, directed by Akira Kurosawa)
 * Battle of Okinawa (1971, directed by Kihachi Okamoto)
 * Kagemusha (directed by Akira Kurosawa, 1980)
 * Sailor Suit and Machine Gun (1981, directed by Shinji Somai)
 * W's Tragedy (1984, directed by Shinichiro Sawai)
 * The Funeral (1984, directed by Juzo Itami)

title: Kamatari Fujiwara


text:
CRAF

CRAF may refer to:

 * Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
 * Civil Reserve Air Fleet
 * Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby
 * Committee on Radio Astronomy Frequencies
 * Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: CRAF


text: Category:Hawaiian language

title: Category:Hawaiian language


text:
Wikipedia:Topics where Wikipedia is weak

While Wikipedia may have hundreds of in-depth articles about some topics, other topics have very few articles or just stubbish articles about them. This page is intended to help people find some of the topics that need work, with some suggestions as to how they can help out, so that Wikipedia becomes even more comprehensive than it already is.

 * Art: While we have articles about artists, there are very few articles about specific works of art (important paintings and sculptures), and many artist pages (with the exception of popular greats like van Gogh and Monet) remain stubs.
 * Fish: We have lots of articles on birds and mammals, but few articles on specific fish. See Fish or any of the pages it links to.
 * History and Geography of Africa, Central and South America, India. Most of the existing articles are rather stubbish. It may be possible to contact local diplomatic representatives to get additional information. Each country has a list of provinces, but there may be little information about them or about cities other than the capital.
 * Insects: We have lots of articles on birds and mammals, but few articles on specific insects. See Insect or any of the pages it links to.
 * International politics: many of our articles about heads of state and government are short stubs.
 * Literature: Many of the great books are missing articles or are stubs (see, for instance Faust, Part 1). In other cases, great books link directly to the movies made about them, with only passing reference to the fact that they are also books. Information can be found on List of books; most novelist page; and pages for various literary awards (Nobel Prize for Literature; Pulitzer Prize). Additionally, many articles covering playwrights, novelists and poets are truncated, or feature info on their personal peccadillos and history, but little about the impact or evolution of their work. (Some pages, however, have plenty on artists' work but nothing on who they were.) Compare, for instance, Lillian Hellman, Neil Simon, Tennessee Williams and William Saroyan to pages on Carl Zuckmayer and Moliere. Or compare the stubs on Countee Cullen and Vachel Lindsay to personal history-heavy pages on Marianne Moore, Edna St. Vincent Millay, and then look at pages like Wallace Stevens and E. E. Cummings which explain both the person AND the artist.
 * Medical and pharmacology entries are notoriously weak, perhaps simply because there are fewer doctors who are netizens. Examples include laminectomy, robotic surgery, minimally invasive surgery. Stubs include: Category:Medical_treatment_stubs
 * Villages in the United Kingdom: We have articles for major cities, but not for many villages. See the List of encyclopedia topics for more information.
 * Statistical data, and keeping it up to date.


text:
User talk:ErdemTuzun

Hi, I am not sure whether you are still active, but I have done some significant changes to the Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi page and I think your input would be beneficial to make it better.--Refdoc 20:45, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Your old user page
Hi Erdem, I found your old user page while checking the history of the stroke article. Your old user page was deleted under criterion for speedy deletion U2, because at some point, it was moved from your account name to your real name. I have moved it back so your account name and username match. If you want to use your real name as your username, you will have to request usurpation of the account, because it has been taken over by a vandal. Regards, Graham 87 15:42, 15 February 2009 (UTC)

Nomination of Ugo Farell for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Ugo Farell is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Ugo Farell until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. SL93 (talk) 20:18, 9 September 2011 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Selim Bulut

A tag has been placed on Selim Bulut requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G6 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is an orphaned disambiguation page which either
 * disambiguates two or fewer extant Wikipedia pages and whose title ends in "(disambiguation)" (i.e., there is a primary topic); or
 * disambiguates no (zero) extant Wikipedia pages, regardless of its title.

Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such pages may be deleted at any time. Please see the disambiguation page guidelines for more information.

If you think that the page was nominated in error, contest the nomination by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion" in the speedy deletion tag. Doing so will take you to the talk page where you can explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but do not hesitate to add information that is consistent with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Geoff Who, me?  00:58, 19 January 2013 (UTC)

Your user page
Hello, I found your user page while doing some wikiarchaeology. . I have restored all of its earliest surviving revisions from old copies of the Wikipedia database, so they are available to everyone now. Hope you don't mind. Graham 87 10:56, 26 June 2013 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Anti-glutamate receptor antibodies

A tag has been placed on Anti-glutamate receptor antibodies requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article or image appears to be a clear copyright infringement. This article or image appears to be a direct copy from http://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/interpretive-guide/?alpha=G&unit_code=81596. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.

If the external website or image belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text or image — which means allowing other people to modify it — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. If you are not the owner of the external website or image but have permission from that owner, see Requesting copyright permission. You might want to look at Wikipedia's policies and guidelines for more details, or ask a question here.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Fortuna Imperatrix Mundi  18:23, 29 August 2014 (UTC)

Peer review invitation
Hello Erdem,

I am editor-in-chief of a project in development in Wikiversity called Wikiversity Journal of Medicine (more information at Wikiversity Journal of Medicine/About).

Considering your expertise in medicine, I'd very much appreciate if you did a peer review of an article that was recently submitted to this journal:
 * Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

This is essentially a shortened version of the Wikipedia article on that subject, in own words. It encourages the creation of similar summaries intended for introductions to other articles as well.

The peer review is preferably written in the corresponding talk page, and should include a declaration of any conflicts of interests. Comments should be constructive, include both strengths and areas for improvement, and be referenced whenever possible. Otherwise, the journal has no strict rules regarding the structure and length of a peer review. Still, more guidelines for peer reviewers can be found at: Wikiversity Journal of Medicine/Peer reviewers.

We prefer peer reviews to be returned within 3 weeks, and appreciate in any case a reply regarding whether you are interested or not in this contribution.

Best regards,

Mikael Häggström (talk) 15:15, 5 September 2015 (UTC)

Wikiversity Journal of Medicine, an open access peer reviewed journal with no charges, invites you to participate
Hi

Did you know about Wikiversity Journal of Medicine? It is an open access, peer reviewed medical journal, with no publication charges. You can find more about it by reading the article on The Signpost featuring this journal.

We welcome you to have a look the journal. Feel free to participate.

You can participate in any one or more of the following ways:
 * Publish an article to the journal.
 * Sign up as a peer reviewer of potential upcoming articles. If you do not have expertise in these subjects, you can help in finding peer reviewers for current submissions.
 * Sign up as an editor, and help out in open tasks.
 * Outreach to potential contributors, with can include (but is not limited to) scholars and health professionals. In any mention of Wikiversity Journal of Medicine, there may be a reference to this Contribute-page. Example presentation about the journal.
 * Add a post-publication review of an existing publication. If errors are found, there are guidelines for editing published works.
 * Apply to become the treasurer of the journal
 * Join the editorial board.
 * Share your ideas of what the journal would be like in the future as separate Wikimedia project.
 * Donate to Wikimedia Foundation.
 * Translate journal pages into other languages. Wikiversity currently exists in the following other languages
 * Ceština, Deutsch, Español, Français, Italiano, 한국어, Português, Slovenšcina, Suomi, Svenska, Ελληνικά, Русский, العربية, 日本語
 * Technical work like template designing for the journal.
 * Sign up to get emails related to the journal, which are sent to . If you want to receive these emails too, state your interest at the talk page, or contact the Editor-in-chief at.
 * Spread the word to anyone who could be interested or could benefit from it.

The future of this journal as a separate Wikimedia project is under discussion and the name can be changed suitably. Currently a voting for the same is underway. Please cast your vote in the name you find most suitable. We would be glad to receive further suggestions from you. It is also acceptable to mention your votes in the email list. Please note that the voting closes on 16th August, 2016, unless protracted by consensus, due to any reason.

 D ip ta ns hu Talk 13:50, 11 August 2016 (UTC) -on behalf of the Editorial Board, Wikiversity Journal of Medicine.

Invitation to join the Fifteen Year Society
Dear ,

I'd like to extend a cordial invitation to you to join the Fifteen Year Society, an informal group for editors who've been participating in the Wikipedia project for fifteen years or more.

Best regards, Urhixidur (talk) 02:33, 9 June 2019 (UTC)

Ron Merkle moved to draftspace
An article you recently created, Ron Merkle, is not suitable as written to remain published. It needs more citations from reliable, independent sources. (?) Information that can't be referenced should be removed (verifiability is of central importance on Wikipedia). I've moved your draft to draftspace (with a prefix of " " before the article title) where you can incubate the article with minimal disruption. When you feel the article meets Wikipedia's general notability guideline and thus is ready for mainspace, please click on the "Submit your draft for review!" button at the top of the page. Vermont (🐿—🏳🌈) 04:20, 31 July 2022 (UTC)

title: User talk:ErdemTuzun


text:
Magnetawan First Nation

The Magnetawan First Nation (Magnetawan Atik Anishnaabe) is an Ojibwe First Nation community in Ontario, Canada. The community is situated on reserve lands in Britt, Ontario.

Magnetawan Indian Reserve No. 1
Magnetawan No. 1 is a First Nation reserve 6 km east of Georgian Bay, south of Sudbury, Ontario, with an area of 47 km2, occupied by the Magnetawan First Nation, an Ojibwe band. As of 2008/2009, its resident registered population is 233; 92 band members live on the reserve. Although the mother tongue is Ojibwe, English is the most commonly spoken.

title: Magnetawan First Nation


text:
Litoměřice

Litoměřice (Leitmeritz) is a town in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 23,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation.

The town is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Litoměřice.

Administrative parts
Litoměřice is made up of four town parts: Litoměřice-Město, Pokratice, Předměstí and Za nemocnicí.

Geography
Litoměřice is located about 15 km south of Ústí nad Labem and 51 km northwest of Prague. The northwestern half of the municipal territory lies in the Central Bohemian Uplands, the southeastern half lies in the Lower Ohře Table, on the edge of the Polabí lowlands. The highest point, located in the northern tip of the territory, is at 480 m above sea level. The town is situated on the right (northern) bank of the Elbe River, at its confluence with the Ohře, which flows from the south.

Early history
The settlement of Litoměřice has a deep history of Paleolithic cultures as well as large Celtic settlements of the La Tène culture, which did not survive the incoming Germanic attacks. The area was later settled by Germanic tribes, when Litoměřice first appeared on Ptolemy's world map in the 2nd century under the name of Nomisterium. The Germanic tribes later migrated west and those remaining mingled with the incoming Slavs. The earliest evidence of the Slavic settlement comes from the 8th century.

In the 9th and 10th century, Litoměřice fell under the control of the Přemyslid dynasty. Přemyslids built here an early medieval fortress, one of the most important Přemyslid centres in Czech lands. The area was settled by the Czech tribe of Litoměřici, after which the town was named. In 1057, the Litomeřice Chapter was founded by Duke Spytihněv II, and it is the oldest written evidence of the existence of the town.

A royal-town statute was granted in 1219 by King Ottokar I of Bohemia. At the beginning of the 13th century, Litoměřice was an important political, cultural and economic centre.

15th–19th centuries
The population suffered during the 15th century Hussite Wars. After the Protestant tensions with the Catholics that triggered the Thirty Years' War and the Protestants' defeat in the Battle of White Mountain, the surviving population of the town was forced to accept Catholicism or face property confiscation and the obligation to leave the kingdom. In this way, the town became a Catholic bishop's residency in 1655. As a result, the Czech Protestant population shrank and the town became largely germanized.

In the 18th century, many Baroque building, which are today cultural monuments, were built. However the prosperity of the town suffered from the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War.

20th century
In 1918, Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia became constituent parts of the newly-created Czechoslovakia), along with a large border area inhabited predominantly by Sudeten Germans. Local Germans tried to join German Austria (which in turn aimed to join post-war Weimar Republic), but Czechoslovak troops prevented this. Known under the informal name of the Sudetenland, the region became the subject of political controversy in the following years. Czechs settled there again, but remained a minority. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, German troops occupied the Sudetenland (and all the rest of Czech lands a few months later). The Czech population, which had grown to about 5,000 people, had to leave again.

Jews from Litoměřice were forced to flee to the Protectorate or were deported during the Holocaust in the Sudetenland. From March 1944 to May 1945, Leitmeritz concentration camp was located west of the town. 18,000 prisoners passed through the camp and were forced to work mostly on excavating underground factories (Richard I and II) under Radobýl. 4,500 died.

In the final stages of World War II, German troops retreated to escape the advancing Red Army. The Czech resistance took control of the castle on 27 April 1945, and after a few days they started negotiations with the German commander about the terms of his surrender. The Wehrmacht capitulated in the night after 8 May, but German troops fled on 9 May, just before Soviet troops entered the town on 10 May 1945. Most of the German population of the town was expelled by the Beneš decrees in August 1945, along with about 2.5 million other former Czechoslovak citizens of German ethnicity from the country.

Economy
There are no large industrial enterprises located in Litoměřice. The largest employer is the hospital.

Litoměřice is known for viticulture and wine-making. It is the centre of the Litoměřická wine sub-region. The existence of vineyards is already documented in the first written mention of Litoměřice from 1057.

Transport
The I/15 road from Most to Česká Lípa passes through the town.

Litoměřice is served by three train stations. The station Litoměřice město is located on the Ústí nad Labem–Kolín line. The stations Litoměřice horní nádraží and Litoměřice Cihelna are located on the lines Most–Litoměřice and Česká Lípa–Postoloprty.

Religion
The town is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Litoměřice (part of Archdiocese of Prague), the 4th oldest (and 3rd still existing) Catholic diocese on present Czech territory.

Culture
Litoměřice is known for the annual event Zahrada Čech ("Garden of Bohemia"). It is an extensive horticultural trade fair, attended by tens of thousands of people.

North Bohemian Gallery of Fine Arts is based close the main square. Extensive collection spans from 13th century to contemporary art with numerous other exhibitions during the year. On the Mírové Square there is also the Gallery and Museum of Litoměřice diocese.

Sights
Since 1978, the historic centre of Litoměřice has been an urban monument reservation. The protected territory is delimited by remains of town walls. About 1800 m of town walls is preserved to this day. Originally they had four town gates, none of them is preserved. Part of the town fortifications was Litoměřice Castle. Today it contains an exposition of Czech viticulture.

Its core form Mírové Square, a large square with an area of about 2 hectares. Most of the houses on the square are in the Gothic style. The Old Town Hall building on the square is the oldest Renaissance building in the town. Today, the building serves as a regional museum. Other sights on the square include the "Chalice house" (new town hall with a lookout tower in the shape of chalice), Dům u černého orla ("Black Eagle House"; one of the most significant Renaissance houses), and Museum of Crystal Touch.

There are several valuable sacral buildings in Litoměřice. On the main square, there is the All Saints Church. Its existence was firstly mentioned in 1235. Originally it belonged to the town fortification. It has a 54 m high bell tower. The Baroque Saint Stephen's Cathedral at the Dómské Square was built in place of an older Romanesque basilica in the years 1664–1668. It has a 50 m high tower open to the public. The interior is almost completely authentic with main and six side altars and a lot of original paintings. Right next to the dome is a bishop's residence built in 1683–1701 by Giulio Broggio.

There is also the Jesuit Church of the Annunciation. It is a massive Baroque church built by Giulio and Octavio Broggio in 1701–1731.

There are numerous cellars connected by an extensive web of underground ways under the town. In some places, the cellars were built in three floors. The ways are about 3 km long and they belong to the longest of their kind in the county. Only 336 m of these underground ways are open to the public.

Notable people

 * Master of the Litoměřice Altarpiece (c. 1470–?), painter
 * Antonio Rosetti (c. 1750–1792), composer and double bass player
 * Josef Jungmann (1773–1847), poet and linguist, lived and taught here
 * Vincent Bochdalek (1801–1883), anatomist and pathologist
 * Josef Emanuel Hilscher (1806–1837), Austrian soldier, poet and translator
 * Karel Hynek Mácha (1810–1836), poet, originally buried here
 * Ferdinand Blumentritt (1853–1913), Austrian teacher and ethnographer
 * Alfred Kubin (1877–1959), Austrian printmaker and illustrator
 * Štěpán Trochta (1905–1974), cardinal
 * Kurt Honolka (1913–1988), German musicologist and music critic
 * Peter Lerche (1928–2016), German jurist
 * Johann Georg Reißmüller (1932–2018), German journalist
 * Dietrich Mattausch (born 1940), German actor
 * Rudolf Buchbinder (born 1946), Austrian classical pianist
 * Zdeněk Pecka (1954–2024), rower, Olympic medalist
 * Jiří Macháček (born 1966), singer and actor
 * Milan Hnilička (born 1973), ice hockey player and politician
 * Martin Škoula (born 1979), ice hockey player
 * Oldřiška Marešová (born 1986), high jumper

Twin towns – sister cities
Litoměřice is twinned with:
 * 🇫🇷 Armentières, France (2011)
 * 🇵🇭 Calamba, Philippines (1974)
 * 🇵🇭 Dapitan, Philippines (2006)
 * 🇩🇪 Fulda, Germany (2001)
 * 🇩🇪 Meissen, Germany (1996)

title: Litoměřice


text:
Michael Chopra

Rocky Michael Chopra (born 23 December 1983) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for West Allotment Celtic.

A product of the Newcastle United youth system, he spent six years at the club without managing to secure a regular first team place, instead spending time on loan at Watford, Nottingham Forest, and Barnsley. He was sold to Cardiff City for £500,000 in June 2006, and won a place on the PFA Team of the Year for his performances in the 2006–07 season. He then made a £5 million move to Premier League side Sunderland in July 2007, before returning to Cardiff on a loan deal that was made permanent in July 2009 for £3 million. He again was included in the PFA Team of the Year for the 2009–10 campaign, before being sold on to Ipswich Town for £1 million in June 2011. He joined Blackpool on a free transfer in July 2013, before moving to the Indian Super League with the Kerala Blasters for the inaugural 2014 season. Chopra signed for Scottish Championship club Alloa Athletic in March 2015, playing for the side for a year before being released in March 2016. He returned to India to play for the Kerala Blasters again before retiring. As of 2022 Michael has since come back out of retirement to play with West Allotment Celtic.

He has represented England at the under-16, under-17, under-19 and under-20 levels. In 2006, he scored what was then the fastest goal by a substitute in Premier League history, scoring after being on the pitch for 15 seconds. A gambling addiction made him fall in severe debt and he had to seek professional help to overcome his addiction.

Newcastle United
Born in Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, Chopra attended Gosforth High School in Newcastle, and owing to his goal-scoring exploits there, and later with the Montagu Boys' Club, was recruited to the Newcastle United academy in July 1993. Being an unused substitute for Newcastle in a Premier League match against Charlton Athletic in October 2002, Chopra signed a three-year contract with the club on 30 October.

Chopra made his professional debut on 6 November, at St James' Park against Everton in the League Cup. Coming on as a substitute for Lomana LuaLua, he missed a penalty kick in the shootout, sending Everton to the round of 16. He made his UEFA Champions League debut in December 2002 against Barcelona. Coming on as a substitute for Lualua, in the final minutes of the match, Newcastle was handed a 3–1 defeat.

Further playing once for the club against Bayer Leverkusen, Chopra was loaned to second-tier club Watford for five matches on 25 March 2003. During his short loan spell, he scored five goals in as many matches, which included four goals against Burnley. Being behind Alan Shearer, Craig Bellamy, Shola Ameobi and LuaLua in the pecking order, Watford manager Ray Lewington expressed his desire to re-sign him on loan for the next season. He said that Chopra "had an experience he wouldn't have believed a month ago having played in an FA Cup semi-final." On 11 May 2003, Chopra made his Premier League debut as the season ended with a 1–1 draw at West Bromwich Albion, he again replaced LuaLua with eight minutes remaining. In September of the same year, the BBC reported that Indian club Mohun Bagan was interested in signing him.

Failing to find a goal in the 2003–04 season, Newcastle loaned Chopra to Nottingham Forest for a month in February 2004. He failed to find the net, as he ended the season playing eleven times without scoring. At the start of the 2004–05 season, he was loaned for a month to League One club Barnsley in August. Making his debut against Hull City, he would score his first goal for Barnsley against Hartlepool United, opening a 1–1 draw at Victoria Park. Scoring a total of five goals, his loan was extended in November till the end of the season. In the rest of the season, Chopra scored twelve times – including two hat-tricks, one against Peterborough United and another against Huddersfield Town. New Barnsley boss Andy Ritchie intended to sign Chopra in the summer to play alongside Paul Hayes, but was unsuccessful.

Chopra began the 2005–06 season back in Newcastle's first team, scoring his first senior goal for Newcastle in the 3–1 away win to Slovak side Dubnica on 17 July in UEFA Intertoto Cup. Making his second start for Newcastle, he opened the scoring in the fourth minute of the match. In the second leg of the match, he suffered concussion, with Sky Sports reporting that he would miss the next game against Spanish club Deportivo de La Coruña. Nevertheless, he played in that match where he "slid home Charles N'Zogbia's cross at the far post". In a Tyne–Wear derby against Sunderland on 17 April 2006, Chopra scored his only Premier League goal and the fastest by a substitute – finding the net after coming on fifteen seconds earlier. Later in that season Chopra injured his knee ligaments, which he claimed to be the "worst injury" he ever had.

Cardiff City
After becoming frustrated at his failure to make an impact at Newcastle, Chopra signed for Cardiff City in June 2006 for £500,000. On his decision to leave Newcastle, Chopra stated that he had shown loyalty to the club and expressed his desire to receive the same loyalty from the club. He also added that he would love to return to Newcastle in the future. During the season, Chopra scored 22 goals in 44 matches. He helped the club remain top of the Championship throughout September, earning the Championship Player of the month for September. He was also featured in the PFA Team of the season (an annual award given to a set of 44 footballers in the top four tiers of English football).

Sunderland
In July 2007, newly promoted Premier League side Sunderland agreed a deal worth up to £5 million, activating a release clause, to sign Chopra on a four-year contract. His Geordie roots and high price-tag caused unrest among some Sunderland fans. He scored on his debut for the "Black Cats" on the opening day of the 2007–08 season at the Stadium of Light, coming on as a substitute late in the second half and scored the winning goal against Tottenham Hotspur in injury time. He scored in the next game at Birmingham City, but then went 15 games without scoring before he converted a penalty at Reading on 23 December. He went on to score the only goal of a 1–0 win over Aston Villa at Villa Park, before he scored his sixth and final goal of the season in Sunderland's 3–2 win over Tees–Wear derby rivals Middlesbrough, finishing as the second highest scorer at the club, being just one goal behind Kenwyne Jones. After missing the initial matches for "personal problems", he scored two goals in his second game of the 2008–09 season as Sunderland beat Middlesbrough 2–0 on 20 September.

With the arrivals of Djibril Cissé and El-Hadji Diouf, Chopra found his playing time to be limited. So he rejoined Cardiff City in November on a two-month loan. Chopra made his debut against Queens Park Rangers playing the entire ninety minutes of the 1–0 defeat. In the next match against Crystal Palace, he found his first goal. Chopra converted a 31st-minute penalty the saw Cardiff winning the match 2–1. Scoring five goals in this spell, he was recalled from loan by the new Sunderland manager Ricky Sbragia to the squad, with The Guardian writing that he was "excited" to return to the squad. Chopra rejoined Cardiff on loan in February 2009 for the rest of the season, with the transfer becoming permanent at the end of the season. Cardiff chairman Peter Ridsdale said that Chopra was "over the moon" about the transfer. During his second loan spell at the club, he found the net four times.

Return to Cardiff
Chopra completed a permanent move on 1 July following the opening of the transfer window for a fee of £3 million. The transfer smashed the club's transfer record which was previously held by the £1.75 million signing of Peter Thorne from Stoke City in 2001. He scored on his debut, netting the first and third goals in a 4–0 victory over Scunthorpe United. Chopra then would score in consecutive matches against Blackpool, Plymouth Argyle, Bristol City and Bristol Rovers. In the post-match ceremony, manager Dave Jones commented, "Chopra is on fire, he's scored seven goals already and he's shown he will get the goals if he gets the supply". Chopra finished the season with a total of 21 goals, including a four-goal haul against Derby County. For a second time, he was included in the PFA Team of the Year.

After the season, Goal.com reported that Ipswich Town had lodged a £3 million bid to secure Chopra's services. Though it was increased, he continued the next season with Cardiff City. In the 2010–11 season, he suffered a hamstring injury during a match against Barnsley on 23 April 2011 ruling him out of action for 10 to 12 weeks. A statement released by the club confirmed the blow, speculating that they would be required to finish the season without him However, he would return to feature in both the legs of the Championship play-offs against Reading. In the second leg, he was near to scoring, only for his shot to be deflected by Reading captain Matt Mills.

Ipswich Town
On 10 June 2011, Chopra penned a three-year deal with Ipswich Town signing for an undisclosed fee, which was reported by East Anglian Daily Times to be £1.5 million. Manager Paul Jewell revealed that he was the type of player the club was searching for. After signing, Chopra said that he was hungry for goals. He started his Ipswich years with a bang scoring twice in his debut against Bristol City. He also scored a goal in each of the two matches against his former club Cardiff City. He ended the season as the club's top scorer with 14 goals. However, Chopra had a lackluster second season with the club, where he scored five times in thirty six matches. Unhappy with his performance, manager Mick McCarthy said that he was not in his plans for going forward and they were free to look for another club. Nevertheless, he found the winner goal in the dying minutes of a match against Watford. Though he missed a couple of chance earlier in the match, he was successful in converting Carlos Edwards low cross in the last minute of the encounter.

Blackpool
Though he was close to signing with Barnsley, Chopra signed for Blackpool in July 2013. Wales Online wrote that he joined the club to regain his "goal touch". He said that the Blackpool move was a fresh start for him. He also expressed his confidence of scoring goals playing alongside the two wingers – Tom Ince and Matt Phillips. In January of the following year, he was fined for a tweet in which he criticised the club's training schedules. During his time with the side, he made 20 appearances but failed to score in any of them.

Kerala Blasters
In August 2014, Chopra confirmed his participation in the inaugural season of the Indian Super League. He said that he felt honoured to "involved in this new era". He was drafted by Kerala Blasters which was managed by David James. In an interview, he said that he felt honoured to "play for a team that is owned by Sachin Tendulkar". He made his debut in the first match against NorthEast United, coming as a substitute in a 1–0 defeat, with The Times of India commenting that he "looked sharp". His time in India was cut short by an injury, which he suffered in a training for a match against Atlético de Kolkata. Goal.com criticized him for his poor "fitness level" and wrote that he never "impressed in the competition and failed to find the back of the net". Nevertheless, he played the 120 minutes of the semifinal against Chennaiyin, and also started the final against the Kolkatan side where he managed two shots on goal. He ended the season playing nine times without scoring.

Reflecting on his stint in first season of Indian Super League, Chopra admitted that ISL turned out to be much more intense and competitive than he had anticipated. He said: "I think there were a few things that went wrong; I underestimated the ISL. I thought it was going to be easier than it was, and then I picked up a hamstring injury in pre-season which set me back.

Alloa Athletic
On 17 March 2015, Chopra signed for Scottish Championship club Alloa Athletic for the rest of the season. On that very day, he made his debut against Rangers. On 2 May 2015, he scored his first goal for Alloa when he scored from six yards out in a league match against Cowdenbeath. Four days later, he scored his second goal for the club, as he opened the scoring in a 2–0 victory against Brechin City in the relegation play-offs. Chopra was released by Alloa due to injury in March 2016, exactly one year after he signed for the club.

Return to Kerala Blasters
On 7 August 2016, Chopra made a return to Kerala Blasters after not being retained by them in the second edition of the Indian Super League.

To show that his injury prone ankle would hold up to the rigours of the league and not affect the club's bid to bounce back from a poor finish in the previous season, Chopra had a three-week training stint with Pune outfit DSK Shivajians before joining the Blasters.

On 14 October 2016, he scored his first goal for Kerala Blasters, the only goal in a 1–0 win, playing at home against Mumbai City.

West Allotment Celtic
On 27 June 2022, Chopra signed for Northern League Division One side West Allotment Celtic.

International career
Chopra has represented England at under-16, under-17, under-19 and under-20 levels. He played in the 2000 UEFA European Under-16 Championship and the 2002 UEFA European Under-19 Championship.

Born and raised in England, Chopra is eligible to play for India through his father. In November 2010, Chopra entered into talks over acquiring an Indian passport in order to represent India in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup. However, without an Indian passport (though he carries an Overseas Citizenship of India), and the Indian government's refusal to change its stance on dual citizenship, Chopra cannot play for India without first renouncing his British citizenship. In August 2014, Chopra stated that he wanted to play for India at international level, and was willing to renounce his British citizenship to do so.

Coaching career
Chopra retired from football in 2016, going on to work as a football agent in Amsterdam. In July 2017, it was reported that Chopra had enrolled on an AIFF D-License coaching course.

Personal life
Chopra appeared in OK! magazine in October 2007 to announce he had become engaged to Heather Swan, and that they were expecting their first child. On 15 February 2008, their son, Sebastian Rocco Thomas Chopra, weighing 6 lb 10 oz was born. In July, it was reported that the couple had split only weeks after their £250,000 wedding, but they later reconciled as she vowed to "stand by him" as he entered rehab for his gambling addiction, which included a spell at the Sporting Chance clinic. In September 2008 the police were called to Chopra's home in response to a domestic abuse call. In 2009, Chopra was publicly dumped by his wife on Facebook. He was re-admitted to the same clinic for three weeks in October 2011. In December 2011, Ipswich Town gave Chopra a £250,000 loan to help pay off his gambling debts.

In December 2011, Chopra and his father were involved in a cocaine drugs trial in Newcastle upon Tyne crown court. On 4 October 2012, Chopra was one of three footballers among a group charged by the British Horseracing Authority (BHA) over an investigation into "suspicious betting activity". The allegations focus on horses being laid to lose on betting exchanges. On 25 January 2013, he was found guilty of this offence and given a 10-year ban from racing by the BHA. In 2014 he found himself in serious trouble with Blackpool FC after a foul-mouthed Twitter rant complaining about training.

In 2020, Chopra was involved in a consortium that sought to buy Newcastle United alongside fellow former Magpies striker Alan Shearer.

Honours
Individual
 * Football League Championship Player of the Month: September 2006
 * Cardiff City Player of the Year: 2006–07
 * PFA Team of the Year: 2006–07 Championship, 2009–10 Championship

title: Michael Chopra


text:
Wikipedia talk:Topics where Wikipedia is weak

Can anyone add topics? Mike H 20:48, Jul 17, 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia is very weak on much of the humanities, compared to the often sterling coverage of popular culture, science, technology, political history and math. I like Kelly what's her face from American Idol, but doesn't anyone think it's weird that each song on her second album is covered in detail, while books that arguably influenced more people aren't detailed at all? It's also pretty crazy that a Star Trek actress (and I like Star Trek, thanks), Roxann Dawson, should be listed as a playwright, when people whose plays have been done hundreds of times are still stuck in "stub" mode. It also seems that some of the women writers are getting short shrift - judging by a random sampling, some articles seem more interested in whether they were married or who they were involved with, than whether they had an impact on other writers. 67.10.131.229 05:18, 13 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
Munsee-Delaware Nation

Munsee-Delaware Nation (Munsee: Nalahii Lunaapewaak, meaning: Lenapes from the Upstream, in contrast with The Lenape at Moraviantown, referred to as "Downstrean Lenapes") is a Lenape First Nations band government located 24 km west of St. Thomas, in southwest Ontario, Canada.

Known previously as the Munsee of the Thames, their land base is the 1054 ha Munsee-Delaware Nation 1 reserve, with the unincorporated community of Muncey, west from the Oneida Nation of the Thames, as their main community. The reserve is splintered into several non-contiguous areas, made up of individual lots within the Chippewas of the Thames reserve. As of January 2014, their registered population was 612 people, though only 148 lived on their own reserve.

History
Members of the Munsee branch of the Lenape nation arrived in the area in the 18th century. John Graves Simcoe, the lieutenant governor, encouraged the Munsee to settle there although Chippewa were already established there. In 1819 the Chippewa of the Thames reserve was established, and in 1840 the Munsee and the Chippewa finally reached an agreement to share the land. In 1967 the Munsee portion became part of the current reserve, which was established by Order in Council.

Demographics
The Munsee-Delaware First Nation had a registered population of 524 in April 2004, of whom 163 lived on the reserve. By January 2011, the nation had a total registered population of 555, of whom 145 lived on the reserve.

Governance
Munsee-Delaware Nation's Chief and Council are elected officials who serve a two (2) year term of office. Elections are governed by their own Band Custom Election Code. Chief and Council are directly accountable to the band membership for the success of the Nation and the conduct of its affairs and for carrying out the community's mission and vision.

The history of Munsee-Delaware Nation elected Chief and Council are:

 * 2014 / 2016 Term - Chief Roger Thomas, Head Councillor Aaron Dolson Jr., Councillor Ryan Peters, Councillor Rose Snake, Councillor Candy Thomas
 * 2012 / 2014 Term - Chief Patrick Waddilove, Head Councillor Rose Snake, Councillor Frank Cooper, Councillor Dean Snake, Councillor Leander Snake
 * Bi-election August 3, 2013 - Chief Roger Thomas
 * 2010 / 2012 Term - Chief Patrick Waddilove, Head Councillor Rose Snake, Councillor -

Services

 * Administration
 * Community Centre (which provides ready access to health care and police services)
 * Child Care Centre
 * Ontario Works

title: Munsee-Delaware Nation


text:
Category:Blaxploitation films

__NOGALLERY__

title: Category:Blaxploitation films


text:
Talk:Trigun

Love and Peace
Does anyone know the significance of the way that Vash crosses his fingers when he delivers the catch phrase? I think it might just be a gag. But I wonder if it has any other significance? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.92.115.49 (talk) 01:19, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I really don't think it has any significance... - - [ The Spooky One ] | [ t c r ] 06:58, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

To me it always looked like he was crossing his fingers, like you do when you're a child and you want to tell a lie and feel good about it. I always figured it was added for irony. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.214.51.76 (talk) 05:45, 22 March 2011 (UTC)

Genres, categories, etc.
We're going to have to limit them per the WP:MOS-AM guideline, if possible. What are the most prevalent stylistics in Trigun? I know action is one. Thoughts? Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 07:59, 24 December 2007 (UTC)

 * As for categories: 1995 introductions, 1998 television series debuts, 1998 television series endings, Action anime and manga, Adventure anime and manga, Science fiction Westerns, Seinen, Shōnen can all go as they are mentioned else where in the article. Gerne don't need to be in the category section, and the categories Anime of the 1990s and Manga of the 1990s cover the first few.
 * As for genres: is it really a historical steampunk? It never really seemed like one to me. More just plain old western stuff than steampunk. Sci-fi Western or Space Western? Hmm... I can't really make up my mind on this. I don't really see much of a difference between the two. Trigun has sci-fi elements on a western background, and western elements on a space background, at least in my opinion.
 * Well that's all I have, I hope you find my opinions useful for cleaning up this article. --Eruhildo (talk) 17:04, 25 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Anime/manga-related cats would do nicely for articles like this one. The problem I have is the genre box, which is overloaded. Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 13:22, 27 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think historical steampunk is the right term. I think it's just steampunk. It's a space western because it's themed like a western but takes place on another planet. Sci-fi western, because of all the talk of plants and shit and the fact that it's OBVIOUSLY a western. I mean, there are so many western archetypes. Like Legato eating before kicking the shit out of everyone. That's common in westerns. Plus, all the towns are designed like the Old West. I don't think this would exactly go under shonen. Doesn't seem very shonen to me. Plus, it has lots of adult jokes. Can't something be a sci-fi western AND a space western? I mean, yes, the two things are OBVIOUSLY different. Like, Wild Wild West was a steampunk and sci-fi western, but it wasn't a space western. Trigun is a space western as well as a sci-fi western because it happens IN SPACE, kinda like how Cowboy Bebop is a space western. I mean, there's even old western-like music. Philisophical... THAT'S the one I'm not so sure about. Yes, there is a philosophy about like being against the death penalty and like when they talk about the spiders killing the bugs and such, but I'd think that something like Evangelion would go more under that category. Can't things have more than one category? —Preceding unsigned comment added by ForestAngel (talk • contribs) 10:04, 30 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I appreciate the thoughts, and I've changed some things in accordance to the discussion here. Truth be told, it did always seem more like Seinen than Shonen to me. And of the Adventure genres? Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 17:17, 31 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I take back what I said about the categories - the only ones I don't like are all the ones related to stuff starting and ending on certain dates, but those seem to becoming more widely used so I guess it doesn't matter. Probably the best way to clean up the categories would be for us to clean up the article so we can get rid of all those warning tags. Oh yeah, I like the edits you made Sesshomaru - they really fixed things up well. --Eruhildo (talk) 22:06, 31 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks, but is this the best we can do for the genre box? I'm sure it can be improved further per WP:MOS-MANGA. Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 07:28, 1 January 2008 (UTC)

(unindent) Ok, how 'bout this: Adventure and Action kind of overlap a bit and after going over their respective articles, I think Adventure is more appropriate. As for the other two, I feel that it is both a Science fiction Western and a Space Western. If we do it it will all be on one line - at least, that's how it displays on my system. Well those are my ideas. --Eruhildo (talk) 08:31, 2 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Not bad, though wouldn't it be more appropiate like so: Adventure, Sci-fi Western, Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 06:48, 4 January 2008 (UTC)
 * As to your first question: probably yes - I was just trying to come up with a way to put it all on one line. As for your second question: I've never seen One Piece so I couldn't judge one way or another. Let's just do this:  and be done with it. That will keep Space Western from being broken across two lines - at least that's how it shows on my system. --Eruhildo (talk) 02:02, 5 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Done. {^_^} Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 09:03, 6 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Adventure, Science fiction Western, Space Western

This is what the article is using ever since the newer adventure genre was created. Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 04:38, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Isn't that a bit redundant? Apparently, Category:Space Westerns are a sub-genre of Category:Science fiction Westerns--Nohansen (talk) 03:15, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

 * That explains somethings, let me admit I never did see the differences. What would you suggest, genre-wise? Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 04:05, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

 * That's dificult to say. Going by the memory of watching the anime, I'd say drop "Space Western". While the series does take place in an alien planet, the problem is it only takes place in that alien planet. It doesn't use the "Space as the American frontier" motif others use, where mankind's trip to the stars gave rise to lawlessness and frontier "towns" (or planets).
 * Take Cowboy Bebop. The story takes place in a future when mankind took to the stars (the "final frontier") and never looked back. Space in Bebop is a lawless frontier and the different planets are analogues to the frontier towns of Western fiction. It also fits with Wikipedia's definiton: it "transposes themes of [Western fiction] to a backdrop of futuristic space frontiers". The western motifs (clothing, speech patterns and tumbling tumbleweeds) are not a necesity, but are a welcomed addition (Firefly).
 * Or just call Trigun a Weird Western and be done with it. After all, it features western motifs in an alien planet populated by monsters, cyborgs and whatnot.--Nohansen (talk) 15:28, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I can see how Cowboy Bebop would fit more into Space Western. Though would Trigun also belong in a steampunk? Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 15:51, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

 * From watching the anime, Trigun is not steampunk. Also, I don't know of any reliable sources that define Trigun as steampunk. The only Google hits I find for "Trigun" and "steampunk" are Wikipedia mirror sites and blogs or forums posts (that were probably influenced by an old revision of this article).--Nohansen (talk) 21:51, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

Yeah, maybe not steampunk or historical. Here's how I see it: Adventure, Weird Western

I'm assuming we're keeping adventure and replacing the last two with wierd western, no? And might I suggest the inclusion of action? Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 23:42, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I left a comment in the Space Western talk page where another editor showed concern over Trigun's categorization as a Space Western. Like you said, the line between "Space Western" and "Sci-fi Western" is not that clear. Heck, the terms are practically interchangeable. Who knows how people will react if we change the genre to "Weird Western"!
 * I want to see if someone responds (here or there) before making any changes.--Nohansen (talk) 03:41, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

 * But what really is the difference between the two? Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 03:44, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Space Western transpose Western themes to Space. Sci-fi Westerns add science fiction elements to Western settings.--Nohansen (talk) 06:03, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

 * And Trigun is a ... Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 06:16, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Both? --Eruhildo (talk) 07:45, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Here's the thing, Eruhildo: If Trigun is a "Space Western", then it can't be both because (as far as Wikipedia is concerned) "Space Western" is a sub-genre of "Sci-fi Western". But, to me, Trigun is not a Space Western because, while the series does take place in an alien planet, it only takes place in that alien planet. It doesn't use the "Space as the American frontier" motif others use, where outer planets stand-in for frontier towns, etc. Admittedly, the story's background concerns humans looking for hospitable planets but, from what I remember of the anime, the main plot doesn't concern itself (too much) with this. To me, the Macross series (not counting the original and Macross Zero prequel) are anime examples of Space Westerns.
 * Another thing: both labels are practically interchangeable in the popular vernacular. Also, Wikipedia's articles don't provide much in the way of citations and have no way to prove they're reliable. Space Western's article cites Star Wars as an example... Who's to say it's wrong? I even remember reading an interview with Jane Espenson where she said she thought Joss Whedon came up with this whole "cowboys in space" thing. Personally, I say it was the Steve Miller Band.
 * Furthermore: I only brought this up because (according to Wikipedia), having both genres is redundant. Like saying "Blade Runner is a [...] science fiction cyberpunk film..."
 * In the end, it should be one or the other. But since it has been argued that Trigun contains elements of Space Western and Sci-fi Western, my recommendation was to call it a Weird Western. What say you?--Nohansen (talk) 05:42, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Could you change the Science fiction Western and Space Western articles to reflect what you just said? 'Cause that makes a whole lot more sense to me than what they currently say. After reading that, I'd say Trigun would fit best under Science fiction Western or Weird West. --Eruhildo (talk) 22:37, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Nohansen, if you do change them, could you provide a WP:SOURCE for each edit? From the looks of it, original research is all I'm seeing here. Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 04:08, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Excuse me, but can I get some additional thoughts back here? I just recalled something [rather] important at the last second. Lord Sesshomaru (talk • edits) 05:00, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Any speculation as to a Trigun: Maximum anime? the manga did end in 2007 soo it is possible >.> —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.203.117.69 (talk) 02:35, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

They key difference to remember is that Science fiction Westerns take place on Earth (or an accurate simulacrum thereof, such as the holodeck or a Twighlight Zone-esque "alternate plane" version of the OK Corral, complete with ghost rendition of Doc Holiday). This means that the physical locations referenced in the work have actual counterparts on Earth, and historical events are also events of Earth. This means that tweaks to the continuity (such as the presence of the atom bomb or time travel) are meant to produce alternate viewpoints of actual Earth events and people. Space Westerns deal more with personal archetypes, not "real" or concrete people. Westerns explore archetypes too (as do other forms of mythology), and if the overlap is clear, then it's called a Space Western. As the anon 130.89.228.82 describes in Talk:Space Western, the story of Trigun begins with a space vessel searching for habitable planet. Themes of futurism to me are clearly present in the anime, such as the atire of the main character (to me it clearly looks more futuristic than historical, contrasting, maybe, with some of the other characters), as well as the $60,000,000,000 sum (a huge sum, suggesting inflation—a bleak futurist prediction). In fact, it's these futurist ideas that to me contrast most greatly with those of the Science fiction Western. SharkD (talk) 11:31, 24 August 2008 (UTC)

I think the genre "drama" should be added as well. The main character keep crying many times and from the middle to final the question of "to be good or evil" makes the main characters fall into a psychological drama. As this discussion is old (2008) and I think that no one will reply me, I will add "drama" as genre and if someone disagree I will expect a reply here. Jesielt (talk) 22:41, 26 July 2012 (UTC)

Thinking about the whole "steam-punk genre thing, I came across the term "Cattle Punk". It's basically the same, but with western mixed in. Perfect. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 90.214.224.163 (talk) 13:29, 14 October 2012 (UTC)

Trivia?
Is the narration at the end of each Trigun Episode(English Versions) relevant enough to be mentioned in the article as Trivia? —Preceding unsigned comment added by AKIRA70 (talk • contribs) 01:09, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Trivia is generally discouraged in articles (see WP:TRIVIA). It sounds like it wouldn't be worth mentioning, but could you give some examples? It might be possible to work it into the body of the article. All the same, thanks for the suggestion - we can always use fresh ideas around here. ^_^ --Eruhildo (talk) 04:39, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

Movie
So apparantly there's a Trigun movie coming out next year? At least that's what ANN claims. Anyone know anything more about it? --Eruhildo (talk) 05:03, 1 November 2008 (UTC)

Cartoon Network
Cartoon Network is not currently broadcasting Trigun in Latin-America. --Jim88Argentina (talk) 03:37, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

Review(s)

 * ANN: Complete DVD Shelf Life Complete DVD
 * Mania.com: Complete DVD
 * Active Anime: Complete DVD

--KrebMarkt (talk) 20:38, 25 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Animefring Trigun Vol.1: The $60,000,000,000 Man DVD

--Lucia Black (talk) 05:23, 23 February 2014 (UTC)

--Gabriel Yuji (talk) 05:34, 23 February 2014 (UTC) --Gabriel Yuji (talk) 20:11, 19 April 2014 (UTC) --Gabriel Yuji (talk) 17:43, 6 July 2014 (UTC)
 * Comic Book Bin
 * Manga Life: v1, v2
 * THEM Anime
 * EX Online
 * EX 2

The Game
What are the odds for the game now having a roast in the development hell opposite to being most likely canceled? --Baruch ben Alexander - ☠☢☣ 00:40, 1 June 2012 (UTC)

Project Seeds
Project Seeds redirects here, but nothing about. Please fix. Staszek Lem (talk) 17:54, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

P.S. I guess it is Project SEEDS? Staszek Lem (talk) 17:58, 20 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trigun


text:
List of lineae on Europa

This is a list of lineae on Europa. Most Europan lineae are named after characters and places in the legends of Cadmus and Europa; others are named after important megalithic stone rows built by the Neolithic peoples of Britain and France.

See also the list of craters on Europa and list of geological features on Europa.

title: List of lineae on Europa


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2002 Ogmore by-election

The Member of Parliament for Ogmore in Bridgend County Borough, Sir Raymond Powell, of the Labour Party died on 7 December 2001.

The by-election to fill the seat was held on 14 February 2002. Labour faced no realistic challenge in this very safe seat and retained it easily, with only Plaid Cymru making progress from their 2001 result. The Socialist Labour Party, who had not previously stood, achieved a good result for a minor party and retained their deposit.

title: 2002 Ogmore by-election


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Talk:Netiquette/Archive 1

From Where
How did these rules develop? Who created them? HOW DID THIS COME TO MEAN THAT I AM YELLING? Why does this article just tell what the rules are but nothing about them?

Initial comments
The above heading was added by 83.253.36.136 10:42, 27 April 2007 (UTC)

Only the first paragraph tells readers about Netiquette - afterwards, it's just a list of rules. If it seems that the rules are necessary to the article, could they at least be listed in such a way as to be descriptive (about Netiquette) rather than prescriptive (telling the reader what to do)? Raistlinjones 20:55, Jul 17, 2004 (UTC)
 * Sounds good. Go for it. Matt gies 09:04, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

All sounds fine to me. Seems to say the same thing over and over. Luke Schryver 20 Feb 07

In the article about Canter & Siegel it says April 12 1994 marks the Net's early period when Netiquette could be enforced. I think something like this should be included here because such historical data is interesting to know in the context of new forms of activity (eg filesharing) appearing and disappearing and peoples' views, behaviours, and expectations changing. Nicholas Vorontsov 2:58 AM Aug 12 2005

Preaching only to the choir?
Does the article as written actually tell anyone something useful?

The whole article is beginning to read like ancient history. Many unmoderated newsgroups are all but abandoned, not because of failures of netiquette, but because they've been taken over commercial or destructive forces who must be using bots or slaves. Success now seems to belong to private mailing lists that have at least a bot-proof challenge for joining. Some of them actually have real people acting as editors, cleaning up spelling, grammar, flaming, and even factual errors.

The concepts still apply to e-mail, of course, but the recommendation against putting HTML in e-mail is nearly out of date. Most people seem to be using e-mail systems that encourage them to mess with the formatting. One in particular makes e-mail composition an activity that is done inside of MS Word. Curmudgeons such as yours truly are not pleased. Snezzy 17:52, 7 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Application defaults do not change netiquette however. Despite the increasing ease of HTML in email, the netiquette still remains right? On the other hand, where is the text you are refering to? I can't even find it in the history. I think it would be a useful addition. LightYear 01:02, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Spam?
All this talk about netiquette in e-mails, but I could find no mention of spam or a link to that. It just seems like a major omission.
 * "All this talk"? It looks like a pretty short section on email to me. Anyway, more to the point, I'm not so sure that spam comes under the definition of netiquette. Consider a traditional analogy - in business etiquette, it might be advisable to shake hands, treat clients with respect and supply what is agreed upon. I don't think it would be considered etiquette to refrain from breaking into customer's houses to steal their purchases back, for example. That would instead fall under a general civil code of practice either accepted as universal and moral or declared by law. My suggestion is that spam is similarly out of the realm of netiquette. LightYear 01:02, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Usenet etiquette
This section reads quite well in general, but in my experience, the following two points are not generally considered good netiquette:

"Religious beliefs, political stances, or other strong opinions are inappropriate for inclusion ... as a signature" - I've not seen instances where this causes problems. Unmarked off-topic discussions originating from such signatures are bad form, but it is quite common, and I believe acceptable netiquette, to reveal a little about one's own beliefs or background in a signature. Personally I don't specifically do this, but don't mind glancing at the snapshot of another author's beliefs. In general, netiquette is hard and I don't know what the consensus is.

"If you believe someone has violated netiquette, send him or her a message by private e-mail" - on the contrary, a polite reply to the newsgroup avoids the original poster receiving many copies of similar emails; allows the rest of the readers to see that the job is done; and informs any other unaware readers of the mistake made. I was under the impression that netiquette called for politeness, but also relied on education and strived for economy of labour. LightYear 01:02, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Email etiquette
Removed this sentence by 24.215.133.164, in relation to sending large email attachments: (Note: as technology advances and more people have broadband or highspeed internet connections, the necessity of this rule becomes lessened.) No assumption should be made about the recipient's connection, device, or amount of time or attention available. In fact, with the prevalence of mobile email access, large, unsolicited attachments are especially undesirable. --LightYear 04:10, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Forwarding to a list
Is there not a rule saying, don't forward an e-mail to a public forum without getting consent? 212.143.17.66 05:31, 3 May 2007 (UTC)

Use of BCC
The following point was added by 217.132.69.137.

"When sending to a number of people, use BCC (Blind Carbon Copy) rather than CC. This protects each recipient's privacy from the other recipients. This also helps reduce spam by preventing address harvesting."

I claim that this is far too general. The CC field is plenty useful. It's impossible to "reply to all" for example, if BCC is used. BCC should only be used when the recipients do not already know each other, or when there's other reasons for keeping the addresses hidden. Address harvesting is irrelevant unless the email (and the contained addresses) gets wider distribution, which is an issue of distribution, not CC/BCC. The CC field is precisely for "sending to a number of people", so it seems to me that the statement is simply wrong. Perhaps it could be clarified by stating the situations where one is preferred over the other, but then I think we are gettting off-topic for netiquette. I'm removing the statement, pending further suggestions. LightYear 00:45, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

Original research - Move to Wikibooks and rewrite
In the BCC comment above, one sees a problem that is present throughout the page. The page is littered with original, unsourced comments that, while often valid, are not really appropriate for the Wikipedia. I'm going to flag the page for a proposed rewrite. The rewritten section on Internet forum is, while imperfect, perhaps a better start for that rewrite than the bulleted lists here. That said, the page as it stands could be moved to Wikibooks w/o any serious issues, as it is largely valid, even if it is written as more of a guide than an encyclopedic article. May also want to contact the original source and invite him to copy as much as he wants from here, as the sites are both GFDL-licensed, rather than compete with him here or on wikibooks. Common courtesy and all that, MrZaius  talk  00:49, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

I go to an encyclopedia for information. This article, whatever flaws there are, contains valid information. As a moderator on FUNimation's forums, I recently sent a kid to this article and the one on Internet forum because when we warned him about his behavior, the kid complained that he was new and didn't know. He can read this and be educated, which is the purpose of an encyclopedia, even if the entry is in guide form. That's my opinion on the subject at least. :-/ AstroNerdBoy 20:44, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree with everything you say, but, given the unencyclopedic tone of this piece, it's still probably better suited for Wikibooks. Note that I called for a move of the current article to take place before a major deletion and cleanup to meet the WP:MoS. MrZaius  talk  13:46, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

I don't think the article is all that bad! We should at least have a stub here as a target for the 24 other versions of this article in other languages. Andrewa 11:35, 6 July 2007 (UTC)
 * It's not all that bad as a guide, but it's way off-topic as an encyclopedia article, constantly stating that the reader "should" do X, Y, and Z rather than stating that place X says do X, person Y says do Y, magazine Z says do Z, and place A has rules conflicting with X and Z. Contacting original author and inviting him to merge back the current version of the guide before taking the scissors to this article. Note that I never called for the article's deletion - A decent length stub will certainly exist in the early stages of the rewrite. MrZaius  talk  20:56, 12 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Disregard what I said about the original author - wouldn't fit his general layout either. Will dig around a little more for another place to post this massive compendium of OR prior to the rewrite. MrZaius  talk  21:04, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

Disputed Word Origin
(neologism, a portmanteau formed from "network etiquette", though now commonly mistaken to be "Internet etiquette")

I dispute this. This is a joking word multiple people thought up on their own before it was in common usage. For many who "coined the term" it was a play on using "net" as a prefix for any internet activity. Claiming the "real" meaning is the less obvious one and calling the other "mistaken" is presenting an unprovable opinion as fact, with a hint of snobbery. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Softdog (talk • contribs)

 * Agree with the above unsigned observation. The current wording of neologism, a portmanteau which some claim is formed from "network etiquette", though the more common usage is "Internet etiquette" is probably better. I didn't write it, but I think it's accurate, and it avoids the (painful IMO) POV of the earlier attempt. But it still smacks of weasel words. Some cited sources would be good, especially in view of the various opinions, supporting each. Andrewa 09:40, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

So many tags
...so many words, so little action. This article currently has five cleanup tags on it. Only one of them (the one claiming original research) has any obvious connection to a section in the talk page.

The aim of these tags is supposed to be to improve the article. IMHO they are quite pointless without some sort of rationale in the talk page. Andrewa 11:35, 6 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, a rewrite was proposed in the OR section of the talk, and the tone&neutrality tags are based on the concerns mentioned therein - striking those two as borderline redundant, pending rewrite. The references tag hardly warrants explanation when only one inline citation exists in a 15k article, and that a malformatted external link rather than a normal citation. MrZaius  talk  20:59, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

how to clean this page up
a short and less sarcastic definition of the word and its scope together with some references would suffice. definitions of the rules of netiquette are necessarily not objective or neutral, so get rid of them. let the bloggers deal with that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by NoNo1234 (talk • contribs)

Yeah right...
Yeah right. Everyone is always breaking the rules and being mean to each other. If it's on the list (the nettiquette list) chances are, it's already been broken and no one cares. that's the problem with the internet, people just assume they have the right to be mean to someone they don't know.

It's too bad. 69.235.248.230 20:21, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Netiquette/Archive 1