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Monou District, Miyagi

 * List of Provinces of Japan > Tōsandō > Rikuzen Province > Monou District
 * Japan > Tōhoku region > Miyagi Prefecture > Monou District

Monou (桃生郡) was a rural district in Miyagi Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.

The city of Higashimatsushima and much of the city of Ishinomaki were formerly part of this district, which was dissolved in 2005.

History
Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the district was within Mutsu Province and was under the control of the Date clan of Sendai Domain. In 1869, following the Meiji restoration, Mutsu Province was divided, with the area of Monou District becoming part of Rikuzen Province, and from 1872, part of Miyagi Prefecture. In the establishment of the modern municipalities system, the district was organized into fifteen villages (Miyato (宮戸村), Nobiru (野蒜村), Ono (小野村), Takagi (鷹来村), Kanomata (鹿又村), Fukaya (深谷村), Maeyachi (前谷地村), Nakatsuyama (中津山村), Monou (桃生町), Oyachi (大谷地村), Iinogawa (飯野川町), Hashiura (橋浦村), Futamata (二股村), Okawa (大川村), Jugohama (十五浜村)).

 * April 1, 1896: The village of Fukaura was abolished; villages of Oshio, Akai, Kita, Sue and Hirobuchi were established.
 * March 26, 1901: The village of Iinogawa was elevated to town status.
 * April 1, 1940: The village of Takagi was elevated to town status and renamed Yamoto (矢本町)
 * April 1, 1941: The village of Jugohama was elevated to town status and renamed Ogatsu (雄勝町)
 * April 1, 1951: The village of Shishiori was elevated to town status
 * March 11, 1955: Okawa, Oyachi and Futamata merge with Iinogawa to form the town of Kahoku (河北町)
 * March 11, 1955: The villages of Kanomata, Maeyachi, Kita, Sue, Hirobuchi merge to form the town of Kanan (河南町)
 * March 11, 1955: The villages of Monou and Nakatsuyama merge to form the town of Monou.
 * March 30, 1955: The village Hashiura and the village of Jusanhama from Motoyoshi District merge to form the village of Kitakami (北上村)
 * May 3, 1955: The villages of Miyato, Nobiru and Ono merge to form the town of Naruse (鳴瀬町)
 * May 3, 1955: The villages of Akai and Oshio merge with the town of Yamoto.
 * April 1, 1961: The village of Kitakami is elevated to town status.

 * On April 1, 2005 - the towns of Yamoto and Naruse were merged to form the city of Higashimatsushima.
 * On April 1, 2005 - the towns of Kahoku, Kanan, Kitakami, Monou, and Ogatsu were merged with the town of Oshika (from Oshika District) and Ishinomaki City to create a larger, new and expanded Ishinomaki City.

title: Monou District, Miyagi


text: Category:AD 10

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:AD 10


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Countersignaling

Countersignaling or countersignalling is the behavior in which agents with the highest level of a given property invest less into proving it than individuals with a medium level of the same property. This concept is primarily useful for analyzing human behavior and thus relevant to signaling theory in economics, sociology and psychology.

Signals and signaling theory
Many of the things that people and animals want to know about each other, such as toughness, cooperativeness or fertility, are not directly observable. Instead, observable indicators of these unobservable properties must be used to communicate them to others. These are signals. Signaling theory deals with predicting the level of effort that individuals, the signalers, should invest to communicate their properties to other individuals, the receivers, and how these receivers interpret their signals.

Two conditions have to be fulfilled before signaling theory should be applied. First, there has to be informational asymmetry between the signaler and receiver (I know more about my own level of toughness than you do). Second, the potential for divergence or conflict of interest between the signaler and receiver. Without either of these two conditions, there is no need for signals as the problem is merely one of communication. Once these conditions are fulfilled, signals have to be used by individuals to prove to the other person their underlying hidden property.

Much research is concerned with understanding what signals signalers should send to convince a receiver that they have a certain property, and what signals a receiver should be convinced by. One way of doing this is by putting money on the table just to prove that you can; someone without the property would not be able to do the same. For example, in biology peacocks expend energy on elaborate plumage that increase their risk of dying. By doing this they demonstrate their genetic fitness, as genetically less fit males can only grow small plumage, while genetically better individuals can grow larger ones. (In biology, this is known as the handicap principle.)

Countersignaling, by contrast, is showing off by not showing off, or by playing humble. For instance, the new money are eager to flaunt their wealth, and often surround themselves with expensive luxury items. Those with old money are more understated, preferring not to waste money on what they deem frivolities.

There are a number of different models that deal with this behavior and explain how rational individuals – those interested only in maximising certain utility – would find countersignaling beneficial. One of these is by Feltovich, Harbaugh and To. They developed a formal model in which receivers of signals judge the senders of signals based not only on what can be inferred from the signal sent, but also on additional information, which is assumed to be helpful but not perfect. For example, senders might be of low, medium, or high quality, and the additional information might be adequate for distinguishing low from high but not necessarily from distinguishing medium from low or high. Under certain circumstances, medium-quality senders will have an incentive to signal (to ensure that they can be distinguished from low-quality ones), but high-quality senders may not—they are not likely to be mistaken for low-quality senders in any case, and signaling behavior may mark them as medium.

title: Countersignaling


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Onagawa, Miyagi

Onagawa (女川町) is a town located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 6,319, and a population density of 97 persons per km2 in 3,110 households. The total area of the town is 65.35 sqkm.

Geography
Onagawa is located on the rugged Sanriku Coast of north-central Miyagi Prefecture, with the Kitakami Mountains to the west and the city of Ishinomaki to the east, south and north. Much of the town is within the borders of the Sanriku Fukkō National Park. Onagawa is a natural deep water port, located at the intersection of two major ocean currents and noted for its commercial fishing industry. Located nearby on the southern side of Onagawa Bay is the Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant.

Neighboring municipalities
Miyagi Prefecture
 * Ishinomaki

Climate
Onagawa has a humid climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) characterized by mild summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Onagawa is 11.1 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1213 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 23.6 °C, and lowest in January, at around -0.1 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Onagawa has declined rapidly over the past 60 years.

History
The area of present-day Onagawa was part of ancient Mutsu Province, and has been settled since at least the Jōmon period by the Emishi people. During later portion of the Heian period, the area was ruled by the Northern Fujiwara. During the Sengoku period, the area was contested by various samurai clans before the area came under the control of the Date clan of Sendai Domain during the Edo period, under the Tokugawa shogunate.

The village of Onagawa was established on 1 June 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipalities system.

The port of Onagawa, with its deep and sheltered harbor, has long been important both commercially and militarily. The port was hit by an air raid on 9 August 1945, which sank several ships during the closing days of World War II. A memorial to Canadian Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm pilot Robert Hampton Gray who died in the attack, was unveiled in the town in 1989.

Onagawa was raised to town status on 1 April 1956.

2011 earthquake and tsunami
Onagawa was one of the most heavily damaged communities by the 11 March 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The tsunami reached in excess of 15 m in height and swept 1 km inland, claiming 827 lives and destroying 70% of the buildings in the town. At least 12 of the town's 25 designated evacuation sites were inundated by the tsunami. The town's hospital located on a hill was extensively flooded on the first floor at the maximum recorded wave height of 18 meters. Six reinforced concrete buildings in the town of up to 4 stories in height were overturned by the force of the surging water and debris and Onagawa Station and its nearby railway tracks were also destroyed.

In an incident widely reported in the Chinese media, Mitsuru Sato, managing director of Sato Suisan, a fish processing company in the town, gave his life ensuring that all the firm's workers, including 20 female Chinese resident trainees, had evacuated safely to higher ground.

Whereas the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant suffered insufficient cooling in the wake of the tsunami which led to three nuclear meltdowns and the release of radioactive material, the Onagawa nuclear generation facility, much closer to the earthquake epicenter, survived the earthquake without any significant damage and served as an emergency refuge for the local community.

The town had previously been hit by tsunami including that caused by the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, although it had received comparatively less impact from tsunami in the aftermath of the 1896 and 1933 Sanriku earthquakes.

Seismologists note that the deep inlets and bays of the nearby ria coastline have the potential to amplify the destructiveness of tsunami waves. Tsunami mitigation structures, warning systems and evacuation training have long been a feature of the town.

Post tsunami reconstruction
The local community's reconstruction efforts, in many cases led by Onagawa private sector business leaders, have outpaced many larger towns impacted by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Within days of the disaster privately owned construction machinery were used to clear roads, a wholesale fish market was relaunched on 1 April and a reconstruction advisory board was formed shortly thereafter. In the aftermath of the tsunami local residents successfully established small scale grocery stores and retail food facilities in a series of temporary market structures.

Onagawa's reconstruction plans were deliberated and materialized through a variety of participatory governance arrangements.

On 21 March 2015 the reconstructed Onagawa Station reopened marking the restoration of the entire Ishinomaki Line. The new station building features an integrated community center and public bathing facility on the upper floors.

Serving both the needs of the local community and attracting out of town visitors, a pedestrianized shopping promenade called Seapal Pia was opened in December 2015.

Five years after the tsunami many Onagawa residents continue to live in short-term temporary accommodation. After extensive landscaping, new residential housing is being relocated at higher elevations on nearby hillsides and leftover soil is being used to raise industrial and commercial sections closer to the water an average of 4.5 m above sea level.

Reconstruction has been supported both by central government funding and a number of private individuals and foundations including:
 * The Qatar Friendship Fund, which provided US$24 million for the design and construction of a new fish processing and refrigerated storage facility.
 * Pritzker Architecture Prize winner Shigeru Ban, and the Voluntary Architects' Network, provided designs both for temporary housing shelters in the town as well as the rebuilt Onagawa Station building.

Government
Onagawa has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 12 members. Onagawa, together with the city of Ishinomaki, contributes five seats to the Miyagi Prefectural legislature. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Miyagi 5th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
The economy of Onagawa is largely based on commercial fishing. The town acts as a processing and distribution hub for variety of sea foods, but is particularly known for coho salmon, pacific saury and the cultivation of oysters. The Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant, once a major source of income for the town, has remained offline since the 2011 earthquake; an intended restart date for the plant was originally set for 2021, but has been moved to 2024.

Education
Onagawa has one public elementary school and one public junior high school operated by the town government. The town does not have a high school. The old high school (Miyagi Prefecture Onagawa High School ) was closed in 2014 as it only had 47 students.

JR East

 * ■Ishinomaki Line
 * Urashuku - Onagawa

Ferry

 * Kinkasan Ferry

Local attractions
The town takes pride in the fact that it still has beaches with "squeaking sand", which have become rare in Japan due to human induced environmental changes.

Notable people from Onagawa

 * Masatoshi Nakamura, actor

title: Onagawa, Miyagi


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Dovre National Park

Dovre National Park (Dovre nasjonalpark) is a national park in Innlandet county, Norway. The park was established in 2003. The park covers an area of 289 km2 and the altitude varies from the tree line at about 1000 m up to its highest point at Fokstuhøe at 1716 m. The area consists of plateaus and weathered, rounded mountain peaks.

The park lies between the two larger and older parks Rondane National Park to the southeast and Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park to the north. Its opening was part of the larger expansion of parks in the area and its purpose was to protect the area between the two parks. Like Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella and Rondane, Dovre national park hosts wild Fennoscandian reindeer of Beringia origin. Part of the reason for the existence of these three adjacent parks is to provide a large contiguous habitat area for the native wild reindeer population.

Name
The park is named after the municipality of Dovre. For the meaning of the name, see Dovre. It is common to use the name Dovre also for the large mountainous area of Dovrefjell which is also known as the Dovre region. From the oldest times has Dovrefjell been the border region between the northern and southern parts of Norway, and the road over the mountain was well known. The expression "til Dovre faller" ('until the Dovre mountains fall apart' = until the end of the world) is widely used in Norwegian.

Ecotourist
In recent decades, tourism has also begun to be seen as a source of economic stability for the country. Norwegian sites are promoting natural destinations on the world market in order to attract more tourists and thus increase the benefits of tourism in the country. This means that many of the nature destinations that were previously closed to the public are now available. However, Norway pays a lot of attention to nature and is looking for ways to achieve sustainable tourism. Dovre-Sunndalsfjella National Park is one of the largest protected areas in Norway. Therefore, in order to apply ecological tourism, and to protect the park's fauna and vegetation. Norway decided to set some rules for tourists in the park so that activities such as camping, berry and mushroom picking, hunting, trapping and angling are possible, but with agreement, on specially marked routes on the tourist map of the area. Organised tours must have a special permit to operate in the national park. The only exception is traditional trekking activity carried out by tourist associations, schools, kindergartens, non-profit organisations and associations.

title: Dovre National Park


title: Category:17


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Dyess Air Force Base

Dyess Air Force Base (AFB) is a United States Air Force (USAF) base located about 7 mi southwest of downtown Abilene, Texas, and 150 mi west of Fort Worth, Texas.

The host unit at Dyess is the 7th Bomb Wing assigned to the Global Strike Command Eighth Air Force. The wing is one of only two B-1B Lancer strategic bomber wings in the USAF, the other being the 28th Bomb Wing at Ellsworth Air Force Base, South Dakota.

The 317th Airlift Wing, assigned to Air Mobility Command Eighteenth Air Force, is a tenant unit and one of four world-wide active-duty locations for the C-130 Hercules military transport aircraft.

Dyess AFB was established in 1942 as Abilene Army Air Base. It was renamed in honor of Texas native and Bataan Death March survivor Lieutenant Colonel William Dyess. As of 2023, the 7th Bomb Wing is commanded by Colonel Seth W. Spanier. The vice commander is Colonel Samuel M. Friend and the command chief master sergeant is Chief Master Sergeant Richelle D. Baker.

Dyess covers 6409 acre, and is home to the 7th Bomb Wing, which consists of four groups. The 9th and 28th Bomb Squadrons fly the B-1B. In addition, the 28th Bomb Squadron is the USAF schoolhouse for all B-1B aircrew members.

The base employs more than 5,000 people, making it the single largest employer in the area. Dyess AFB has nearly 200 facilities on base, plus 988 units of family housing, and encompasses 6117 acre of land. The base has a total economic impact of nearly $310 million yearly on the local community.

History
The base is named after Lt Col William Edwin Dyess, a native of Albany, Texas, who was captured by the Japanese on Bataan in April 1942. Dyess escaped in April 1943 and fought with guerilla forces on Mindanao until evacuated by submarine in July 1943. During retraining in the United States, his P-38 Lightning caught fire in flight on 23 December 1943 near Burbank, California. He refused to bail out over a populated area and died in the crash of his P-38 in a vacant lot.

World War II
In 1942, the United States Army Air Forces built Tye Army Air Field, as it was popularly known, on the site of what is now known as Dyess AFB. On 18 December 1942, the field was opened and was initially named Abilene Army Air Base. The name was changed on 8 April 1943 to Abilene Army Airfield. The first host unit as Abilene AAB was the 474th Base HQ and Airbase Squadron, established on 18 December 1942. The airfield was initially assigned to Second Air Force and its mission was to be a flying training center for cadets.

Known groups which trained at the base during the war were:
 * 77th Reconnaissance Group (6 April 1943 – 12 September 1943)
 * 69th Tactical Reconnaissance Group (10 September 1943 – 12 November 1943)
 * 408th Fighter-Bomber Group (10 November 1943 – January 1944)

The 77th and 69th groups were units that trained reconnaissance personnel who later served overseas. The 408th was a new group that received A-24, A-26, P-40, and P-47 aircraft in October 1943 and began training. It was disbanded shortly after leaving Abilene on 1 April 1944.

On 25 March 1944, Republic P-47 Thunderbolt training for flight cadets was taken over by the 261st Army Air Force Base Unit. Training continued until 1 April 1946.

With the end of the war, the base was declared inactive on 31 January 1946. Although assigned to Continental Air Command, Abilene AAF was classified as an inactive subbase of Fort Worth Army Airfield and was sold to the city of Abilene for $1. It was used as a training facility for the Texas Army National Guard for several years.

Cold War

Shortly after the Korean War broke out, the city of Abilene called for the need of a military installation. They believed the 1,500 acres (6 km2) of the former Tye AAF were the perfect site for a new base. The city's leaders went to The Pentagon with their request. The city showed their determination for a new base by raising almost $1 million to purchase an additional 3,500 acres (14 km2) adjacent to the site. They were able to attract then U.S. Senator Lyndon B. Johnson's (D-TX) attention, who had the power to persuade military officials to reactivate the base in Abilene. Finally, in July 1952, Congress approved the $32 million needed to construct an air force base on the Tye AAF site. It was to be called Abilene Air Force Base and a little over three years after first starting construction, the base was opened on 15 April 1956.

Dyess' first active combat unit was the 341st Bombardment Wing, which activated on 1 September 1955. The 341st was part of the Strategic Air Command (SAC), flying the B-47 Stratojet, which it continued to operate until its inactivation on 25 June 1961.

On 1 December 1956, the name of the base was changed to Dyess Air Force Base in honor of the late Lt Col William E. Dyess, USAAF.

The 96th Bombardment Wing moved to Dyess on 8 September 1957 and for a few years worked alongside the 341st. It included not just B-47 and B-52 nuclear bombers, but also the KC-97 and later on the KC-135 refueling aircraft. During the Cold War, the base was constantly on alert in case of nuclear attack. Even signs in the base's movie theater would instantly alert pilots in the scenario that the USSR would initiate a nuclear attack during a movie. These can still be seen today at the theater.

During the Vietnam War, B-52s and KC-135s (917th ARS) from the 96th BW participated heavily in various air campaigns, including Arc Light, Young Tiger, Bullet Shot, Linebacker, and Linebacker II missions over North and South Vietnam. The B-52s flew combat missions primarily out of Andersen AFB, Guam and Utapao RTAFB, Thailand during these missions. The KC-135As flew primarily out of Utapao RTAFB, Thailand, Clark AFB, Philippines, Kadena AFB, Okinawa, Andersen AFB, Guam, and NAS Agana, Guam.

On 19 November 1959, the United States Army conducted groundbreaking ceremonies at Dyess AFB for the battalion headquarters of the 5th Missile Battalion, 517th Artillery of the U.S. Army Air Defense Command. Installed to defend the SAC bombers and Atlas F missile silos stationed at and around Dyess AFB, the two Nike Hercules sites were controlled by a "BIRDIE" system installed at Sweetwater Air Force Station. Site DY-10, located at Fort Phantom Hill 32.58028°N, -99.71722°W and site DY-50, located southwest of Abilene 32.27139°N, -99.95889°W, remained operational from 1960 until 1966.

Units stationed at Dyess Air Force Base while the 5/517th was operational included SAC's 819th Strategic Aerospace Division, the 96th BW, and the 578th Strategic Missile Squadron. Several of the 578th's Altas F Silos are located near the Nike sites. The Army Air Defense Command Post was located 37 miles west at Sweetwater AFS. Both of the sites were located near former Army posts. Camp Barkeley served as a World War II infantry division training center, while Fort Phantom Hill was a frontier outpost and stop on the Butterfield stage route.

Since 1961, various models of C-130 Hercules aircraft have been stationed at Dyess AFB. The C-130s were originally assigned to the 64th Troop Carrier Wing (TCW) and from 1963 to 1972, the 516th Troop Carrier Wing was the host C-130 wing. In 1972, the 516 TCW was replaced with the 463d Tactical Airlift Wing (463 TAW). During the Vietnam War, TAC C-130 crews routinely rotated to forward based C-130 wings in the Pacific theater to support operations in Vietnam. In 1974, the 463 TAW was reassigned from Tactical Air Command to Military Airlift Command (MAC) as part of a USAF-wide initiative to place both strategic and tactical airlift assets under MAC control.

From 1962 to 1965, Dyess Air Force Base had 12 SM-65 Atlas missile sites stationed around it. The Dyess sites were operated by the 578th Strategic Missile Squadron. After being decommissioned in 1965, the Atlas missiles were removed and all sites demilitarized.

In June 1985, the 96th received its first B-1B Lancer replacing the B-52 Stratofortress, and in October 1986, assumed nuclear alert status. Since achieving IOC, Dyess has been recognized as the premier bomber-training center and leads the fleet in maintaining the highest mission capability status of its aircraft, avionics test stations and support equipment. Shortly after, the Soviet Union fell and left many wondering the fate of the base. In 1991, the 463d Tactical Airlift Wing was simply designated the 463d Airlift Wing (463 AW). In October 1992, the parent commands of both wings changed. The 96 BW was reassigned to the newly established Air Combat Command, and the 463 AW was assigned to the new Air Mobility Command.

The 1990s

On 1 October 1993, the 96 BW and 463 AW were both inactivated and replaced by the 7th Wing, a former B-52 and KC-135 wing that had been located at the former Carswell AFB, which was being realigned as NAS Fort Worth JRB/Carswell ARS as a result of Base Realignment and Closure action. The 7th Wing incorporated Dyess' B-1Bs and C-130s, the latter which transferred from Air Mobility Command to Air Combat Command.

Within its first year, the 7th Wing's diverse mission made it one of the most active units in the United States Air Force. The C-130s were deployed around the globe performing several airlift missions to Europe and the Persian Gulf. The crews and support people of the B-1s focused on enhancing the purpose of the Lancer in a post-Soviet 21st century.

In 1997, Dyess' C-130s were transferred back to Air Mobility Command, and the 317th Airlift Group was reactivated as the parent unit for Dyess' C-130 squadrons. At the same time, the 7th Wing was redesignated the 7th Bomb Wing. Despite this separation as units, both the 7th Bomb Wing and the 317th Airlift Group remained at Dyess.

One of the many unique features of Dyess is its extensive collection of static military aircraft on display. Collectively known as the "Dyess Linear Air Park", it contains 34 aircraft, 7 inert ordinances and one model from World War II to the present, many of them formerly based at Dyess, and is located along the base's main road, Arnold Blvd. All but one plane has been flown before. Its most recent addition is the first operational B-1B Lancer, known as The Star of Abilene, which made its final flight in 2003. It can be seen at the front gate to Dyess along with a recently retired C-130 Hercules located on the other side of the road (a tribute to the two main aircraft currently housed at Dyess).

Another unique feature of Dyess is its main source of energy. In January 2003, Dyess became the first Department of Defense installation in the United States to be powered exclusively from renewable wind energy. Today, most of the energy Dyess receives is from other sources of renewable energy, such as biomass, and is considered one of the "greenest" bases in the USAF.

The remnants of Tye AAF can still be seen today. Parts of the old runway still exist, as well as part of its parking area on the west side of Dyess.

Global War on Terrorism
The 7th Bomb Wing and 317th Airlift Group were called to duty once again shortly after 11 September 2001. Both played and continue to play vital roles in both Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Many of the 7th BW's B-1s and support personnel deploy to Southwest Asia. From there, the 7 BW provides close air support to troops in the field and precision strike missions with the B-1B Lancer. The 317th Airlift Group has been deployed continuously to Southwest Asia since December 2003, where the group provides airlift support to OIF, OEF, and Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa operations.

On 1 October 2015, Dyess became part of Global Strike Command.

Role and operations
The host unit at Dyess is the 7th Bomb Wing of the Global Strike Command, which was activated on 1 October 1993. The wing performs combat training with the Boeing B-1B Lancer bomber and is the USAF's premier operational B-1B unit with 36 aircraft.

The wing consists of these groups:

 * 7th Operations Group (Tail Code: "DY") - Responsible for executing global conventional bombing directed by proper command authority, it is the Air Force's largest B-1 operations group comprising 36 B-1s.

 * 28th Bomb Squadron (B-1B) (blue/white chex tail stripe)
 * 9th Bomb Squadron (B-1B) (black tail stripe with a white bat silhouette centered on the tail stripe)
 * 7th Operations Support Squadron
 * 7th Mission Support Group
 * 7th Maintenance Group
 * 7th Medical Group

The 317th Airlift Wing (317 AW), an Air Mobility Command tenant unit, performs Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules airlift missions with 28 aircraft assigned. The wing is now the largest C-130J unit in the world.

The 317th AW consists of these squadrons:

 * 39th Airlift Squadron "Trail Blazers" (C-130J) ("Dyess" Texas state flag tail stripe)
 * 40th Airlift Squadron "Screaming Eagles" (C-130J) ("Dyess" Texas state flag tail stripe)
 * 317th Maintenance Squadron
 * 317th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 317th Maintenance Operations Squadron (inactivated June 2013)
 * 317th Operations Support Squadron

Dyess AFB is also home to several tenant units, including Air Force Office of Special Investigations Detachment 222.

Based units
Flying and notable nonflying units based at Dyess Air Force Base:

Units marked GSU are geographically separate units, which although based at Dyess, are subordinate to a parent unit based at another location.

United States Air Force
Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC) Air Mobility Command (AMC)
 * Eighth Air Force
 * 7th Bomb Wing (host wing)
 * 7th Operations Group
 * 7th Operations Support Squadron
 * 9th Bomb Squadron – B-1B Lancer
 * 28th Bomb Squadron – B-1B Lancer
 * 7th Mission Support Group
 * 7th Civil Engineer Squadron
 * 7th Contracting Squadron
 * 7th Communications Squadron
 * 7th Force Support Squadron
 * 7th Logistics Readiness Squadron
 * 7th Security Forces Squadron
 * 7th Maintenance Group
 * 7th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 7th Component Maintenance Squadron
 * 7th Equipment Maintenance Squadron
 * 7th Munitions Squadron
 * 7th Medical Group
 * 7th Aerospace Medicine Squadron/ Redesignated 7th Operational Medical Readiness Squadron (2019)
 * 7th Medical Operations Squadron/ Redesignated 7th Health Care Operations Squadron (2019)
 * 7th Medical Support Squadron (Inactivated 24 Jun 2022, assets dispersed to 7 HCOS and 7 MDOS)
 * Eighteenth Air Force
 * 317th Airlift Wing
 * 317th Operations Group
 * 39th Airlift Squadron – C-130J Super Hercules
 * 40th Airlift Squadron – C-130J Super Hercules
 * 317th Operations Support Squadron
 * 317th Maintenance Group
 * 317th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
 * 317th Maintenance Squadron

Air Combat Command (ACC) Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC)
 * US Air Force Warfare Center
 * 53rd Wing
 * 53rd Test and Evaluation Group
 * 337th Test and Evaluation Squadron (GSU) – B-1B Lancer
 * 53rd Test Management Group
 * 29th Training Systems Squadron (GSU)– B-1B Lancer
 * 57th Wing
 * USAF Weapons School
 * 77th Weapons Squadron (GSU)– B-1B Lancer
 * 436th Training Squadron (GSU)
 * Tenth Air Force
 * 307th Bomb Wing
 * 489th Bomb Group (GSU)
 * 489th Aerospace Medicine Flight
 * 345th Bomb Squadron – B-1B Lancer
 * 489th Maintenance Squadron

Previous names

 * Established as: Abilene Army Air Base, 18 December 1942
 * Prior to this date popularly known as Tye Field and Tye Army Air Base

 * Abilene Army Airfield, 8 April 1943 – 13 January 1947
 * Abilene Air Force Base, 1 October 1953
 * Dyess Air Force Base, 1 December 1956–present

Major commands to which assigned

 * Second Air Force, 13 October 1942
 * Third Air Force, 2 March 1943
 * Second Air Force, 15 November 1943
 * Continental Air Forces, 16 April 1945 – 31 January 1946
 * Strategic Air Command, 1 October 1953 to 31 May 1992
 * Air Combat Command, 1 June 1992 – 30 September 2015
 * Global Strike Command, 1 October 2015 – present

Base operating units

 * 474th HQ and Air Base Sq, 18 December 1942
 * 261st AAF Base Unit, 1 April 1944
 * 233d AAF Base Unit (Det), March 1946-c. January 1947
 * 4021st Air Base Sq, 1 January 1955
 * 341st Air Base Gp, 1 September 1955
 * 819th Air Base Gp, 15 June 1956 (rdsgd 819th Combat Support Gp, 1 November 1958)

 * 96th Combat Support Gp, 25 June 1961
 * 96th Support Gp (SAC), 03 September 1991
 * 96th Support Gp (ACC), 01 June 1992
 * 7th Mission Support Group, 1 October 1993–present

Major units assigned

 * 69th Tactical Reconnaissance Group, 10 September 1943 – 12 November 1943
 * 77th Reconnaissance Group, 6 April-12 September 1943
 * 408th Fighter-Bomber Group, 10 November 1943 – January 1944
 * 341st Bombardment Wing (SAC), 1 September 1955 – 25 June 1961
 * 819th Air Division, 1 February 1956 – 2 July 1966
 * 96th Bombardment Wing (SAC/ACC), 8 September 1957 – 1 October 1993

 * 64th Troop Carrier Wing (TAC), 8 February 1961 – 1 January 1963
 * 516th Tactical Airlift Wing (TAC), 19 July 1962 – 1 June 1972
 * 463d Tactical Airlift Wing (TAC/MAC), 1 June 1972 - 1 October 1993
 * 12th Air Division, 30 September 1976 – 15 July 1988
 * 7th Bomb Wing (ACC/AFGSC), 1 October 1993–present

SM-65F Atlas missile sites
The 578th Strategic Missile Squadron operated twelve missile sites, of one missile at each site.
 * 578–1 1.5 mi SE of Lake Fort Phantom Hill, TX  32.6025°N, -99.64972°W
 * 578–2 1.5 mi S of Albany, TX  32.70639°N, -99.2975°W
 * 578–3 2.5 mi SE of Clyde, TX  32.38167°N, -99.46028°W
 * 578–4 9.6 mi SSW of Clyde, TX  32.27361°N, -99.54111°W
 * 578–5 1.5 mi SE of Lake Coleman, TX  32.16167°N, -99.55278°W
 * 578–6 2.7 mi E of Lawn, TX  32.14028°N, -99.70333°W
 * 578–7 3.4 mi NE of Bradshaw, TX  32.13083°N, -99.855°W
 * 578–8 4.9 mi ENE of Winters, TX  31.97333°N, -99.88°W
 * 578–9 11.9 mi NW of Bradshaw, TX  32.21028°N, -100.05083°W
 * 578–10 13.1 mi S of Trent, TX  32.30139°N, -100.15306°W
 * 578–11 3.2 mi SSW of Anson, TX  32.71111°N, -99.90944°W
 * 578–12 1.4 mi WNW of Corinth, TX  32.86028°N, -99.89139°W

title: Dyess Air Force Base


title: Category:18


title: Category:19


text:
Muriel

Muriel may refer to:

Places

 * Muriel de Zapardiel, a municipality in the province of Valladolid, Spain
 * Muriel, Zimbabwe, a settlement
 * Muriel Lake, British Columbia, Canada
 * Muriel Lake (Alberta), Canada
 * Muriel Peak, a summit in California

People

 * Muriel (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with this name
 * Alma Muriel (1951–2014), Mexican actress
 * Luis Muriel (born 1991), Colombian footballer

Other uses

 * 2982 Muriel, an asteroid
 * Muriel (angel), in Christianity
 * Muriel ou Le temps d'un retour (Muriel, or The Time of Return), a 1963 French film
 * "Muriel", a song by Tom Waits on his 1977 album Foreign Affairs
 * Muriel, a trawler built in 1907
 * Cyclone Maggie/Muriel (1971), in the Indian Ocean
 * Muriel's Wedding, a 1994 Australian comedy-drama film

title: Muriel


text:
User talk:Dmsetser

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Good luck!

October 2008
Welcome to Wikipedia. The recent edit you made to Bill Ayers presidential election controversy has been reverted, as it appears to be unconstructive. Use the sandbox for testing; if you believe the edit was constructive, ensure that you provide an informative edit summary. You may also wish to read the introduction to editing. Thank you. — Jeff G. (talk|contribs) 00:23, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

The recent edit you made to Bill Ayers presidential election controversy constitutes vandalism, and has been reverted. Please do not continue to vandalize pages; use the sandbox for testing. Thank you. — Jeff G. (talk|contribs) 00:36, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

Please stop your disruptive editing. If you continue to vandalize Wikipedia, you will be blocked from editing. Erik the Red  2    00:51, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

This is the last warning you will receive for your disruptive edits. If you vandalize Wikipedia again, you will be blocked from editing. Erik the Red  2    01:01, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dmsetser


text:
Oshika District, Miyagi

 * List of Provinces of Japan > Tōsandō > Rikuzen Province > Oshika District
 * Japan > Tōhoku region > Miyagi Prefecture > Oshika District

Oshika (牡鹿郡) is a rural district located in Miyagi Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.

Most of the city of Ishinomaki was formerly within the district. From 2006, the district has consisted only of the town of Onagawa. As of 2021, the district has an estimated population of 5,636 and a population density of 86.2 persons per km2. The total area was 65.35 km2.

History
During the Edo period under the Tokugawa shogunate, the district was within Mutsu Province and was under the control of the Date clan of Sendai Domain. In 1869, following the Meiji restoration, Mutsu Province was divided, with the area of Oshika District becoming part of Rikuzen Province, and from 1872, part of Miyagi Prefecture.

In 1889, with the establishment of the municipalities, Oshika District was administratively divided into 2 towns (Ishinomaki and Watanoha) and 6 villages.

Timeline

 * April 1, 1923 : The village of Onagawa gained town status. (3 towns, 5 villages)
 * April 1, 1933 : Ishinomaki annexes part of Hebita and is raised to city status. (2 towns, 5 villages)
 * December 1, 1940 : The village of Ayukawa is raised to town status. (3 towns, 4 villages)
 * January 1, 1955 : Ishinomaki annexes the remainder of Hebita village. (3 towns, 3 villages)
 * March 26, 1955 : The town of Ayukawa and village of Ohara merge to form the town of Oshika. (3 towns, 2 villages)
 * April 10, 1955 : The village of Oginohama is merged into Ishinomaki (3 towns, 1 village)
 * April 1, 1959 -:The village of Inai is raised to town status (4 towns)
 * May 15, 1959 : Oginohama is divided between Ishinomaki and Inai (3 towns)
 * March 23, 1967: The town of Inai is annexed by Ishinomaki. (2 towns)
 * On April 1, 2005 : the town of Oshika merged with the towns of Kahoku, Kanan, Kitakami, Monou, and Ogatsu, all from Monou District, and Ishinomaki City to form a larger new Ishinomaki City. (1 town)

title: Oshika District, Miyagi


text:
Shizugawa, Miyagi

Shizugawa (志津川町) was a town located in Motoyoshi District, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 13,688 and a population density of 110.16 persons per km2. The total area was 124.25 km2. Shizugawa has both a junior high school and a high school.

On October 1, 2005, Shizugawa, merged with the town of Utatsu (also from Motoyoshi District) to create the town of Minamisanriku, and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Shizugawa was severely affected by the 2011 Tōhoku tsunami, with great destruction and large loss of life. The tsunami topped the seawall, and buildings as tall as four stories were then totally immersed.

title: Shizugawa, Miyagi


text:
Steve Perrin

Stephen Herbert Perrin (January 22, 1946 – August 13, 2021 ) was an American game designer and technical writer/editor, best known for creating the tabletop role-playing game RuneQuest for Chaosium.

Early life and education
Perrin earned a Bachelor of Arts in English from San Francisco State University. Perrin was a founding member in 1966 of the Society for Creative Anachronism (SCA).

Early career and Chaosium
One of his first contributions to the world of RPGs was "The Perrin Conventions" in 1976, an alternative set of combat rules for Dungeons & Dragons, which led to his work on RuneQuest. Perrin wanted more involvement in the role-playing game industry, and with Jeff Pimper he talked to Chaosium about developing a creature book based on Dungeons & Dragons, which they published as All the Worlds' Monsters (1977), and was released before the Monster Manual from TSR. Perrin later worked with Steve Henderson and Warren James on an idea for an original gaming system to be used with the world of Glorantha after a previous design team failed to produce a supplement to an existing game, and Ray Turney from the original team soon joined them; this new RPG was finally published in 1978 as RuneQuest.

Perrin officially joined Chaosium in 1981, although he only stayed with the company for a few years. He was one of several authors who contributed to their licensed Thieves' World (1981) supplement. Perrin designed Worlds of Wonder (1982), which was the third game released by Chaosium using their Basic Role-Playing system (BRP). Superworld was originally one of worlds designed for Worlds of Wonder and was then published as its own game in 1983, although it was merely moderately successful and Perrin later admitted its similarity to Champions from Hero Games. In 1984 he wrote the BRP based Elfquest, based on the Elfquest comic book. While at Chaosium he also created Stormbringer, and contributed to Call of Cthulhu.

Later career
Hero Games published its sixth RPG, Robot Warriors (1986), by Perrin. He also wrote the 1987 Champions role-playing game supplement The Voice of Doom.

He worked at Interplay Productions, Maxis, and Spectrum Holobyte, doing game design, playtesting, and writing manuals for such computer games as Mechanized Assault & Exploration, Star Trek: Starfleet Academy, and Descent to Undermountain. He has also worked freelance for many of the major players in the games industry including TSR, FASA, Hero Games, West End Games, and Iron Crown Enterprises.

Steve Perrin's Quest Rules (SPQR) was sold independently through Chaos Limited. In 2004, he collaborated with Taldren on Black 9 Ops, which Perrin decided to make available for free.

In 2010, Perrin began creating PDF adventures for the games Icons and Mutants & Masterminds, and completed several scenarios for Vigilance Press and Fainting Goat Press. In 2019, he returned to Chaosium as a creative consultant. In 2020, he contributed to the Wild Cards novel American Hero.

On August 13, 2021, Chaosium announced Perrin's death.

title: Steve Perrin


text:
Siryn

Siryn (Theresa Maeve Rourke Cassidy) is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Chris Claremont and artist Steve Leialoha, the character first appeared in Spider-Woman #37 (April 1981). Theresa Cassidy belongs to a subspecies of humans called mutants, who are born with superhuman abilities. She possesses a sonic voice providing various effects while her name refers to the Sirens of Greek mythology and their hypnotic voices. She is depicted most commonly in association with the X-Men. Theresa Cassidy is the daughter of the superhero Sean Cassidy. The character has also been known as Siryn and Banshee at various points in her history.

1980s–1990s
Theresa Cassidy debuted as a vilain in Spider-Woman #37 (April 1981), created by writer Chris Claremont and artist Steve Leialoha. She later appeared in the 1987 Fallen Angels series. She appeared in the 1991 X-Force series. She appeared in the 1994 Deadpool: Sins of the Past series. She appeared in the 1997 Deadpool series.

2000s–2020s
Theresa Cassidy appeared in the 2005 Cable and Deadpool series. She later appeared in the 2006 X-Factor series. She appeared in the 2021 X-Factor series.

Early life
While Sean Cassidy was working on a deep undercover mission for Interpol, his wife Maeve gave birth to their daughter, Theresa, at Cassidy Keep, County Mayo, Ireland. Maeve later dies in an IRA bombing, and with no means to contact Sean, his cousin Tom takes care of Theresa. When Sean returns and learns of his wife's death, he is devastated. Before Tom can tell him about Theresa, Sean lashes out at Tom with his sonic scream for not having taken better care of Maeve. As Sean flies away in anger, Tom falls into a chasm and breaks his leg, leaving him with a limp. Tom swears to make Sean pay and vows to never tell him about his daughter, and raises her himself.

Tom (now known as Black Tom) trains Theresa as his apprentice in his criminal activities. As a young teen, she accompanies him and his then-partner, the Juggernaut, to San Francisco. She takes the name Siryn, aids them in a vibranium theft, and battles the original Spider-Woman. Due to her inexperience, she performs poorly in battle and is defeated by Spider-Woman again during Black Tom's temporary capture. Initially believing her to be seriously hurt, Black Tom resolves to break all association with her so that she will not be exposed to further danger. While in custody, he absolves Theresa of all responsibility for her crimes, and writes a letter to Sean explaining who she is. The X-Men bring Theresa back to their headquarters, where she is joyfully reunited with her father.

Muir Island
Theresa moves to Muir Island, home of the research laboratories of Dr. Moira MacTaggert, a longtime ally of Professor Xavier. During an overnight visit to Xavier Institute, Siryn, Kitty Pryde, Illyana Rasputin, and a young Muir Island resident named Amp battle robotic duplicates of the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants after accidentally releasing them from the Danger Room. Later in the evening, Siryn gets into a fist fight with Kitty after Amp convinces her that Kitty was trying to sabotage her chances with a young man named Dimitri. After the fight is broken up by Wolverine, the girls reconcile and leave on friendly terms. She also accompanies Wolverine and Kitty when they are asked by Professor Xavier to act as bodyguards for the mutant pop-star Dazzler. Dazzler is impressed with Theresa's rendition of "Amazing Grace", that she asks the young mutant to act as a backing vocalist for her concert.

On the island, Siryn starts a romantic relationship with Jamie Madrox. This version of Multiple Man is revealed to be one of his many duplicates and not the original Multiple Man, leading to the end of the relationship. During this time Siryn and Multiple Man travel to New York City. She and Madrox search for two members of the New Mutants: Sunspot and Warlock, who had run away from the school. Siryn and Multiple Man find Sunspot and meet the association of street-level mutants known as the Fallen Angels, and they are all transported to Devil Dinosaur's planet. They travel to the Coconut Grove, the home planet of the alien Ariel. While there, her superhuman powers are neutralized and she is made a captive by Unipar. She regains her superhuman powers and returns to Earth. She chooses to remain in the Fallen Angels for some time to help reform their criminal members.

Back on Muir Island, she briefly falls under the mental control of the Shadow King.

X-Force
Siryn becomes a core member of X-Force, a paramilitary superhero team and for a time was its field leader. As a member of X-Force, her teammate Warpath develops a romantic interest in her while she begins flirting with Deadpool. Deadpool and Siryn become involved when the two fight Black Tom Cassidy and the Juggernaut. Although Banshee warns Siryn that Deadpool is a madman and a murderer, she finds Deadpool attractive, and the feelings are reciprocated. Over time, Siryn becomes the voice of reason and sanity in Deadpool's ear. She assists him in some of his missions, such as when Deadpool felt he needed some blood from the Hulk to cure problems with his own healing powers. In the end Siryn becomes overwhelmed with balancing her duties with X-Force and the demands of Deadpool's mental health. She promises him that she would consider progressing their relationship if he continues on the path of good, and once she has her X-Force responsibilities secured. Warpath continues to seek Siryn's affections, and makes his dislike for Deadpool clear during a visit to the baseball diamond used in the movie Field of Dreams.

Siryn confronts various adversaries during her time in X-Force: she puts down a coup in Asgard, and confronts the forces of Onslaught, the interdimensional media mogul known as Mojo, and S.H.I.E.L.D. on more than one occasion. Warpath helps her cope with her drinking problems, and as of recent issues of X-Factor she is leading a sober lifestyle.

She becomes a vital part of the team, as opined by an aspect of Charles Xavier, which saves the entire team from a near-death experience.

She leaves when Feral, a former teammate turned villain, slashes her throat, destroying her vocal cords and rendering her temporarily mute and powerless.

X-Corporation
Deadpool tracks down Wolverine and steals a sample of his blood to heal Siryn, who regains the use of her vocal cords.

Siryn joins the Paris branch of X-Corporation, claiming to atone for her father's sins for his failed X-Corps idea, where she reunites with Multiple Man, Rictor and Cannonball. She works with Monet St. Croix for the first time. Their first mission does not go well and Siryn deals with the loss of her teammate, Darkstar.

X-Factor Investigations
Siryn leaves X-Corporation to become a member of X-Factor Investigations. As part of her initial duties for X-Factor Investigations, she investigates the murder of a woman who died in a movie star's penthouse, on behalf of the victim's sister. A rival firm, Singularity Investigations, represents the actor with Damian Tryp, Jr. as the defense counsel. Siryn and X-Factor Investigations manage to incriminate the star and thwart Singularity Investigation's assassination attempt on Rictor. Tryp Jr. later ambushes Siryn and beats her, leaving her to die in an alley. She is later found and taken hostage by a mentally ill former mutant only to be rescued by Rictor.

While recovering from her injuries, Cyclops approaches Theresa and informs her Banshee has died. She goes into a state of denial, holding on to how many X-Men have been believed dead have returned alive.

During the Superhuman Civil War, Theresa opposes the registration act and is tasked with contacting more high-profile superheroes about the Decimation. After speaking with Spider-Man, X-Factor gets into contact with Quicksilver and Cyclops' team of X-Men, demanding they answer why the reason behind the Decimation was kept secret and defy the registration act.

Siryn's relationships with Multiple Man and Monet become strained. After spending a night drinking, Madrox awakens to learn that he and one of his duplicates slept with Theresa and Monet. Although he is initially uncertain as to which was which, he concludes with near certainty that he slept with Theresa, and the dupe slept with Monet, though this does little to assuage Theresa and Monet's anger. Theresa resolves her differences with both Madrox and Monet, and the two women develop a budding friendship after a shopping trip to Paris and partner together on later missions.

Siryn and Monet are sent to retrieve two famous child singers (who specialize in mutant hate songs) from their parents. The two are ambushed, knocked out, and kidnapped by the children's mutant bodyguards, Solo and Clay. They awake imprisoned, but they both escape and return the children to their grandparents. It is revealed that the entire mission was a ruse by Josef Huber to lure the women away from their X-Factor teammates, as both Monet and Siryn's mental-based powers negatively affect Huber's mind-control abilities.

Messiah Complex
Theresa assists Rictor's infiltration of the Purifiers and accompanies the X-Men to rescue the mutant baby and X-Force. She later receives a call from Peepers, who is being pursued by Predator X, but Theresa arrives too late to help him and finds his remains. Siryn prays at Madrox's bedside when he awakes, and takes part in the X-Men's assault on the Marauders' base with Monet and Guido, fighting Exodus in the battle.

Divided We Stand
Siryn reveals that she is pregnant with Jamie's child, and after talking with Monet reveals she intends to keep it. When she attempts to tell Jamie he mistakenly believes that she wants to quit X-Factor. Monet later helps Siryn realize that she still loves Jamie. Siryn tries to tell him again, but Arcade appears and destroys Mutant Town. Afterwards, Jamie reveals he knows she is pregnant and the team moves to Detroit, Michigan, to get away from Val Cooper and O*N*E.

Sean
After moving to Detroit, Theresa becomes inactive during X-Factor's field missions. She gets into an argument with Val upon finding out X-Factor has been under the employ of O*N*E since the destruction of Mutant Town. Val reveals her interest in Theresa's child and during a heated discussion, Theresa's water breaks and she is taken to a hospital. As Theresa goes into labor, she proposes to Jamie, who accepts. She gives birth to a boy, and they name him Sean after her father, whose death she finally accepts. Hours after his birth, baby Sean is absorbed into Jamie's body as Jamie holds him, to his horror. Theresa attempts to save the baby and claws at Jamie's chest to get him back but pops some of her stitches and goes back into surgery. Jamie reveals Sean was an "infant dupe", and was absorbed into him as a duplicate would, but Theresa declares that she would break his neck the next time she sees him after breaking his fingers.

Assuming leadership and departure
After the pregnancy, Jamie leaves the team and Theresa takes charge, though she sinks into a depression. Following Jamie's return to the present, he offers to leave the team headquarters in Detroit and start a branch with Guido in New York. She disbands the Detroit team, with the remaining members defecting to the New York branch. Theresa returns home to Ireland where she runs into Reverend John Maddox, one of Jamie's dupes, who helps her cope with depression. She later has a one-night stand with Deadpool. After coming to terms with Banshee's death and reconciling her grief, Theresa retires the codename Siryn and takes her deceased father's codename as her own, calling herself Banshee in honor of his memory.

Return to X-Factor Investigations
After Cable and Hope Summers return to the present during X-Men: Second Coming, agents of the Mutant Response Division target Theresa for assassination when she attempts to return to America. She is rescued by Layla Miller and Shatterstar, and they teleport back to America and rejoin X-Factor in the final battle with the Mutant Response Division.

Afterwards, Jamie accepts a new assignment from a disguised Hela who is searching for a missing pendant of Thor's hammer. When Jamie and Theresa track it down and take it off of the neck of a drunken bar patron, he reveals he is Pip the Troll. After a brief fight, Hela appears, captures Pip, and teleports back to her base in Las Vegas. The team travel to Las Vegas and with the help of Thor, retrieve Pip from Hela's domain.

The team is later hired by J. Jonah Jameson when an old friend of his is killed. Thinking the murderer may come after him, Theresa acts as his personal bodyguard. During a protest, Theresa receives an image of the murderer, who is revealed to be a woman named Ballistique. At that moment, Theresa sees Ballistique talking to J. Jonah Jameson and tries to attack by launching a powerful sonic scream at her but due to Ballistique's close proximity to Jameson, the police think Theresa is attempting to attack Jameson. The police attempt to stop Theresa by attacking her with their nightsticks but not before she can warn Monet about Ballistique. During the ordeal, Guido is seriously wounded, and Monet takes him to the hospital where Theresa attempts to console her.

Theresa and the rest of X-Factor later become the target of various mystical canine and feline deities who attempt to capture Wolfsbane and her unborn baby. After the baby is born, it attempts to attack Theresa and Jamie but not knowing it is Rahne's son, Theresa uses one of her screams to blast it away from the duo. Later, while tracking a demon by the name of Bloodbath, Theresa witnesses it kill Jamie. After it is revealed Layla can bring back the dead, minus their soul, Theresa has no problems in asking Layla to return Jamie, putting her at odds with Monet for a while.

After Havok and Polaris rejoin X-Factor, Theresa is present when Layla reveals Jamie has come back from the dead but not by her doing. After returning from one of X-Factor's missions, Theresa and Polaris share concern for Wolfsbane's wellbeing as she barely comes out of her room unless it is for missions. The two women decide to take Rahne on a road trip to Reverend John Maddox to help her. During the trip, Theresa and Lorna bond and develop a friendship.

The Morrigan
Wolverine learns that a woman matching Theresa's description has been attacking and killing people in Ulster County, New York. Pairing up with Havok, the two investigate the murders. Upon questioning the family of the murder victims, Theresa notices two photos featuring the family's grandmother and granddaughter, both wearing triquetras. Although she first believes the little girl to be a mutant, Theresa realizes the girl is not when she summons a Celtic goddess, the Morrigan. The girl attempts to send the Morrigan back but she ignores the girl and takes Theresa, furious that she has been using the name Banshee, one of the many names associated with the Morrigan. The Morrigan takes Theresa to a lighthouse and offers her a choice: apologize and worship her, or die. Theresa rejects the Morrigan's offer and is thrown to her death as her vocal cords had been weakened by the ordeal. Havok arrives to see Theresa falling to her doom when she is rescued by a demon named Jezabel. Havok destroys the lighthouse, leaving the Morrigan trapped under rubble. Jezebel advises them the apocalypse is coming and Theresa will have to make a tough choice sometime within the near future: to become part of a race of new gods or perish with the rest of humanity.

Over the next few days, Theresa considers drinking alcohol to help deal with what is going on when she is stopped by her father. Unsure if he is real, she attempts to seek help from the other members of X-Factor only to find Polaris has lost her mind. Theresa goes back to her room, where she continues to converse with Sean about the Morrigan and if he is real or some kind of hallucination when Layla enters, who reveals she knows what is going on. Theresa and Layla attempt to summon the Morrigan but Theresa is teleported to Ireland instead. During the confrontation, Theresa asks if the Morrigan can heal Lorna but the Morrigan advises her she cannot, as Lorna does not believe in her. The Morrigan reveals she is tired of being a goddess and misses her own father; if Theresa wants to help Lorna, she must become the Morrigan. Theresa agrees and hurls a sonic lance through the Morrigan, killing her. In that moment, Lorna is completely healed of her insanity. Theresa teleports back to headquarters, appearing before Jamie as the Morrigan and telling him goodbye. Theresa lets him know she never stopped loving him and if he needs her, all he has to do is pray before departing.

After Jamie is transformed into a demon, he takes her up on this offer so she rescues and transforms him back into human form. She then asks the now-married Madrox and Layla if they want to reform the team but, they decline saying that they have a farm to start up and a baby on the way.

House of X
Theresa Cassidy, back in her mortal form, is seen on Krakoa reunited with her father. During the celebration after the Quiet Council's first meeting, she uses her sonic powers in conjunction with Dazzler's light abilities to put on a light show for the people.

Powers and abilities
Theresa Cassidy possesses the ability to emit high-decibel sonic screams to create various sonic effects with her vocal cords. She can vary the pitch to deflect projectiles. She possesses an enhanced sense of hearing and can use her voice to detect objects via echolocation. Siryn is able to fly at the speed of sound while screaming. She has potent sonic attacks that can shatter objects, project concussive blasts of sonic force (a "sonic lance"). and cause immediate pain, nausea and vomiting, and unconsciousness. She has shown a degree of resistance to sounds and vibrations that would be harmful or painful to normal humans and mutants without sonic-based powers. Theresa Cassidy is able to influence and control other human beings with her sonic voice, and cause them to enter a hypnotic state. She can cause the intended person to fall in love with her without regard to gender or sexual orientation and carry out her wishes and commands, like mythical Sirens. Theresa Cassidy once used this ability on Spider-Man, forcing him to divulge the truth about the Decimation of the mutants. She can prevent others from hearing external sounds by a certain vocal pitch so that she can secretly deliver messages to them.

Theresa Cassidy gained numerous undefined mystical abilities when she killed the Morrigan. Her known powers include the ability to teleport by her own free will or to people who summon her using the correct ritual, heal her followers and people with a personal bond to her, and some form of immortality or longevity. She is able to revert Jamie to his human form and absorb laser blasts from a gun that can destroy Layla Miller's force field.

Critical response
Deirdre Kaye of Scary Mommy called Theresa Cassidy a "role model" and a "truly heroic" female character. Dalton Norman of Screen Rant included Theresa Cassidy in their "10 Best Marvel Characters Who Made Their Debut In Spider-Man Comics" list. Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly ranked Theresa Cassidy 34th in their "Let's Rank Every X-Man Ever" list. Comic Book Resources ranked Theresa Cassidy 7th in their "8 X-Men Kids Cooler Than Their Parents (And 7 Who Are Way Worse)" list, 10th in their "20 Most Powerful Mutants From The '80s" list, and 15th in their "X-Force: 20 Powerful Members" list.

Age of Apocalypse
An alternate version of Theresa Cassidy appears in the 1995–1996 "Age of Apocalypse" storyline. She is known as Sonique. She is a companion to Nate Grey, and fights alongside him and Sauron against Mr. Sinister. She is temporarily a member of the Sinister Six, who aid Sinister in attacking the X-Men, after being brainwashed by Jean Grey. She is freed from Grey's influence by Psylocke.

Ultimate Marvel
An alternate version of Theresa Cassidy appears in the Ultimate Universe. She is seen as one of William Stryker, Jr.'s hostages. She is almost executed before being rescued by Kitty Pryde and the new X-Men.

What If?
An alternate version of Theresa Cassidy appears in the story "What If the X-Men Died on their First Mission?." After the X-Men's death on Krakoa, Beast hastily assembles a mutant team to combat Count Nefaria and his Ani-Men. At this point, Theresa is still under the guardianship of Black Tom and unaware of her father's existence and death. After learning the facts from Beast, she names herself Banshee in her father's honor. After foiling Nefaria and settling her affairs with Black Tom, she joins the newly formed X-Men team.

Film

 * Theresa Rourke / Siryn appears in X2, portrayed by Shauna Kain. This version is a student of the Xavier Institute and roommate of Kitty Pryde.
 * Theresa Rourke / Siryn makes a cameo appearance in X-Men: The Last Stand, portrayed again by Shauna Kain.

Merchandise
Theresa Cassidy / Siryn received an action figure in Hasbro's Marvel Legends line.

title: Siryn


text:
Motoyoshi District, Miyagi

Motoyoshi (本吉郡) is a rural district in Miyagi Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan.

At present, the district consists only of the town of Minamisanriku with a combined population of 11,860 people, a population density of 72.6 people per km2 and an area of 163.4 sqkm. All of the city of Kesennuma and a small part of the city of Tome and part of the city of Ishinomaki were formerly part of the district.

History
Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the district was within Mutsu Province and was under the control of the Date clan of Sendai Domain. In 1869, following the Meiji restoration, Mutsu Province was divided, with the area of Motoyoshi District becoming part of Rikuzen Province, and from 1872, part of Miyagi Prefecture. In the establishment of the modern municipalities system, the district was organized into one town (Kesennuma (気仙沼)) and sixteen villages (Nusazaki (麻崎村), Yokoyama (横山村), Jusanhama (十三浜村), Tokura (戸倉村), Iriya (入谷村), Motoyoshi (本吉村), Utatsu (歌津町), Koizumi (小泉村), Mitake (御嶽村), Oya (大谷村), Hashigami (階上村), Matsuiwa (松岩村), Niizuki (新月村), Shishiori (鹿折), Karakura (唐桑村), Oshima (大島村)).

 * October 31, 1894: The village of Motoyoshi was elevated to town status and renamed Shizugawa (志津川町)
 * November 1, 1906: The village of Nusazaki was elevated to town status and renamed Yanaizu (柳津町)
 * November 3, 1941: The village of Mitake was elevated to town status and renamed Tsuya (津谷町)
 * April 1, 1951: The village of Shishiori was elevated to town status
 * June 1, 1953: Shishiori and the village of Matsuiwa merge with Kesennuma
 * February 11, 1955: The village of Karakuwa was elevated to town status
 * March 1, 1955: The villages of Tokura and Iriya merge with Shizugawa town.
 * March 30, 1955: The town of Tsuya and villages of Koizumi and Oya merge to for the two o Motoyoshi (本吉町); the village of Jusanhama was transferred to Monou District
 * April 1, 1955: The villages of Niizuki, Hashikami and Oshima merge form the town of Utatsu (歌津町)
 * On April 1, 2005, the town of Tsuyama merged with the eight other towns of the former Tome District to form the city of Tome.
 * On October 1, 2005, the town of Shizugawa and the town of Utatsu merged to form the new town of Minamisanriku.
 * On March 31, 2006, the town of Karakuwa merged into the city of Kesennuma.
 * On September 1, 2009, the town of Motoyoshi merged into the city of Kesennuma.

Motoyoshi District was devastated by the magnitude 9.0 March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami which occurred off the coast of Japan; an estimated 9,500 people are reported missing from the town of Minamisanriku alone. Early estimates indicate that this could represent as much as 90% of the total casualties in Japan.

title: Motoyoshi District, Miyagi


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Red Shi'ism vs. Black Shi'ism

Red Shi'sm vs. Black Shi'ism is an essay written by the Iranian author Ali Shariati which discusses his ideas on the perceived dual aspects of the Shi'a religion throughout history. Red Shi'ism, which he sees as the pure form of the religion, is concerned with social justice and salvation for the masses and is devoid of idolatrous rituals and established clergy. Black Shi'ism, which he sees as the deviated form of the religion, falls under the domination of both monarchy and clergy, out of touch with the needs of the masses, and which came to be established in Iran under the Safavids.

It must be known that the Safavid dynasty did not form the idea of Black Shi'ism, but that this idea was formed after the defeat of Shah Ismail against the Ottoman leader Yavuz Sultan Selim. Black Shi'ism is a product of the Post-Safavid-Period.

title: Red Shi'ism vs. Black Shi'ism


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Karakuwa, Miyagi

Karakuwa (唐桑町) was a town located in Motoyoshi District, in the extreme northeast of Miyagi Prefecture, bordering Kesennuma to the north-west and Rikuzentakata, part of Iwate Prefecture, to the north, and with Kesennuma Bay including Oshima island to the west, Hirota Bay to the north-east, and the Pacific Ocean to the south and east.

On March 31, 2006, Karakuwa was merged into the expanded city of Kesennuma and is no longer an independent municipality.

The highest point in former Karakuwa is Sasanagane-yama (笹長根山 meaning 'bamboo grass with long roots mountain') (520 m), near the border with Rikuzentakata, and the lowest point is sea level.

Name origin
Karakuwa's name (唐桑) literally means "China (Tang dynasty, specifically) Mulberry", and has been used to refer to the area back to the times when it was part of a larger Kesen District in Mutsu Province. According to the story of where the name came from, a Chinese shipwrecked on the rocky coast, and in its hold was a mulberry tree. The tree was rescued and planted, and it survived and spread to become common in the area, as did the legend.

History
Around 700 A.D., there is record of Emishi presenting local marine products at the Imperial Court, which may have encouraged immigration to the area. The area remained peaceful during the Nara period, due to the powerful influence of the Minamoto clan. However, during the Heian period, the Minamotos were defeated by Taira no Kiyomori in the Heiji rebellion. The Kasai Clan received the region but were left heirless near the end of the Azuchi–Momoyama period. After the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, the area was given to Date Masamune as part of his lands.

During the Meiji Restoration, it was taken from the Date clan as punishment for their involvement and given to the Takasaki Clan to administer, becoming part of Motoyoshi District in 1868, then becoming part of several short-lived prefectures before finally becoming part of Miyagi Prefecture on April 18, 1876.

In 1889, the two villages in the area, Karakuwa and Koharagi (小原木 meaning 'small, original tree') merged to form a larger village called Karakuwa, then incorporated into a town in 1955.

In 2004 and 2005, there were discussions with Motoyoshi and Kesennuma regarding a merge to create a larger city. Although Motoyoshi withdrew from the talks, an agreement to merge was made with Kesennuma. On March 31, 2006, Karakuwa ceased to exist as a separate town.

Geography
The town center was located at the base of a rocky peninsula which juts out into the Pacific Ocean, a small extension of the north–south running mountains in the area. Most of the underlying rock is granite, though there is significant marble as well. These hard rock mountains make the land an abundance of sharp hills and valleys, and also give the area many small bays. There is some farmland, but the hills make large open fields impossible.

Like much of Japan, Karakuwa is prone to earthquakes. Large earthquakes with centers in the ocean from those off western Hokkaido to those off to Oshika peninsula to the south have been felt in the area. Tsunami can also be a danger; in recent times, large waves hit the area after a local earthquake in 1896, and after the Chilean earthquake of 1960.

The peninsula area of the former town, from the town center to the south-east is about 3 km long, and about 1 km wide. The town extended another 4 km up the coastline to include the Koharagi area, and 1 km along the coast facing Oshima island. There are a few small streams along the peninsula, the largest stretching 2 km inland towards Sasanagane-yama, which lies another kilometer (0.6 miles) beyond the streams source at the widest point in Karakuwa.

Economy
The local economy has some mixed farming, including a few apple orchards, but due to the rocky granite and marble coastline, which favours small ports over farmland, the focus is on commercial deep-sea fishing. There is also some commercial activity in processing the catch, and the rugged beauty of the coastline encourages significant tourism.

Education
There are three elementary schools and two junior high schools in former Karakuwa. Nakai (中井小学校 -shōgakkō) and Karakuwa Elementary in the south feed Karakuwa Junior High, and in the north Koharagi Elementary students go to Koharagi Junior High. There were no high schools in the town; students must go to Kesennuma, Rikuzentakata or farther to continue their education.

Transportation
(Note: There are no train stations in Karakuwa itself.)
 * Route 45, to Sendai via Kesennuma, major highway
 * Route 26, to Kesennuma, older, winding highway
 * Route 239, connects Route 45 and 26 along the east coast of the Karakuwa peninsula
 * JR East Kesennuma Line (rail), to Maeyachi Station in Ishinomaki with connections to Sendai from Kesennuma Station in Kesennuma
 * JR East Ōfunato Line (rail), to Ichinoseki Station in Ichinoseki and Sakari Station in Ōfunato from Shishiori-Karakuwa Station or Kesennuma Station in Kesennuma.

Tourist attractions

 * Oogama-Hanzou (巨釜ー半造) is located off Route 26, on the east coast of the Karakuwa peninsula. It is a park area with walking trails along the rugged, dark marble of the coastline. The feature attraction and the former town's symbol, Oreishi (折石), is here, a marble column rising from the ocean which stands 16 m tall and 3 m wide. Prior to the Sanriku tsunami breaking off the top in 1896, it stood an additional 2 m taller.
 * Osaki Shrine (御崎神社) is located at the end of Route 26 at the southernmost tip of the Karakuwan peninsula. A large shrine is here, with paths with branches entwined above and more views of the rocky coastline. A connecting path leads up the coast to eventually join with Oogama-Hanzou. The Karakuwa Tsunami Museum is located in the same area. Built in 1984, it's billed as the only place in Japan where you can feel the simulated experience of a tsunami.
 * Isaribi Park (漁火パーク) is located off Route 26. Isaribi Park contains the highest point on the Karakuwan peninsula, a restaurant, gift shop, small playground and go-kart track are at the base. A short climb to the top reveals a small shrine and a lookout that allows views of the Karakuwan peninsula to the south, Oshima island and Kesennuma to the west, and Iwate to the northeast.
 * 9-9 Sound Beach (九九鳴き浜) is located off Highway 26 between the former town centre and Kesennuma, with an approximately three-kilometre walk from the access point to the beach. The beach is so named because the mixed porcelain, granite, and sandstone of the beach is said to make a 'kyuu-kyuu' or 'ku-ku' sound when walked on. (Kyuu (きゅう) and ku (く) are the two pronunciations of the number nine (九) in Japanese.)
 * Dairiseki Coast (大理石海岸) is located off Highway 45 close to the Miyagi-Iwate border. The coastline of this area features white marble, contrasting the darker colours found in most of the area.
 * The entire coastline of Karakuwa forms part of Rikuchu Coast National Park. (陸中海岸国立公園)

title: Karakuwa, Miyagi


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User:Zaher211~enwiki

مستخدم عربي سوري زاهر الحاج يونس

title: User:Zaher211~enwiki


text:
Utatsu, Miyagi

Utatsu (歌津町) was a town located in Motoyoshi District, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 5,501 and a population density of 139.34 persons per km2. The total area was 39.48 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Utatsu merged with the town of Shizugawa (also from Motoyoshi District) to create the town of Minamisanriku, and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

title: Utatsu, Miyagi


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Motoyoshi, Miyagi

Motoyoshi (本吉町) was a town located in Motoyoshi District, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 11,716 and a population density of 109.80 persons per km2. The total area was 106.70 km2.

Motoyoshi was divided into four districts: Magome, Koizumi, Tsuya, and Ohya. Koizumi and Ohya were both home to spectacular beaches until the disaster of March 11. Tsuya constitutes "downtown" Motoyoshi. Fishing and farming are the main industries though a printing company is also a large local employer. Motoyoshi, like many of Japan's smaller towns, had a declining population as young people increasingly moved to the large regional cities of Kesennuma and Sendai, or further South to Tokyo.

The Motoyoshi Board of Education also employs Assistant Language Teachers (ALTs) that teach English at the local Elementary and Junior High Schools.

A planned merger of municipalities was implemented on September 1, 2009; Motoyoshi was merged into the expanded city of Kesennuma.

Rail

 * Kesennuma Line: Kurauchi - Rikuzen-Koizumi - Motoyoshi - Koganezawa - Ōya-Kaigan

Major roads

 * Route 45, Route 346

title: Motoyoshi, Miyagi


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User talk:Zaher211~enwiki

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title: User talk:Zaher211~enwiki


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Faroe–Soviet Friendship Association

Faroe–Soviet Friendship Association (Danish: Færøsk-Sovjetisk Venskabsforening), was a pro-USSR organization in the Faroe Islands founded in 1979, as a section of Landsforeningen Danmark-Sovjetunionen (National Association Denmark-Soviet Union). The chairman of the association was Andreas S. Højgaard, who was not a declared Communist. The association arranged cultural exchanges and study trips to the Soviet Union. As of 1983, it had 100 members.

In 1978, Højgaard, the rector of the teacher's seminary in Tórshavn, was invited to visit the Soviet Union with his brother and 20 other Danish citizens. Following the trip, he contacted the Denmark–Soviet national association for help in organising a chapter in the Faroe Islands. The Faroe–Soviet Friendship Association was established in November 1979.

In 2000, Danish historian Bent Jensen was commissioned by the Faroese government to conduct research into "The Faroe Islands during the Cold War", including the history of the Faroe–Soviet Friendship Association.

title: Faroe–Soviet Friendship Association


title: Category:29