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Grey-winged trumpeter

The grey-winged trumpeter (Psophia crepitans) is a member of a small family of birds, the Psophiidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

Taxonomy and systematics
The grey-winged trumpeter's taxonomy is unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society, and the Clements taxonomy assign it three subspecies: the nominate P. c. crepitans, P. c. napensis, and P. c. ochroptera. Some authors treat P. c. ochroptera as a subspecies of the pale-winged trumpeter (P. leucoptera) and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World treats it as a separate species, the ochre-winged trumpeter. In addition, there has been some suggestion that the other two subspecies also warrant treatment as species.

This article follows the three-subspecies model.

Description
The grey-winged trumpeter is a chicken-like bird with a long neck and legs and a hump-backed profile. It is 45 to 52 cm long. Two males weighed 0.82 and 1.02 kg and six females weighed between 0.79 and 1.06 kg. The sexes are similar in appearance. Their stout, slightly decurved, bill is yellowish green and their legs and feet greenish olive. Their plumage is mostly black. The nominate subspecies has green or violet iridescence on the lower neck. Its inner wings and rump are ashy gray and the middle of the back is ochre to chestnut. Subspecies P. c. napensis has bronzy or purple iridescence, lighter gray wings and rump, and a more ferruginous back. P. c. ochroptera has entirely ochraceous wings, rump, and middle back.

Distribution and habitat
The grey-winged trumpeter is a bird of the northern Amazon Basin. The nominate subspecies is found from southeastern Colombia east through eastern and southern Venezuela and the Guianas and south into Brazil to the Amazon River east of the Rio Negro. P. c. ochroptera is found in northwestern Brazil north of the Amazon and west of the Rio Negro. P. c. napensis is found from southeastern Colombia south through eastern Ecuador into northeastern Peru and east into extreme northwestern Brazil north of the Amazon.

The grey-winged trumpeter inhabits dense lowland tropical rainforest. Within that broad category it favors landscapes away from human habitations and with an open understory and many fruiting trees. Despite being mostly a bird of the lowlands it sometimes can be found in higher elevation cloudforest.

Behavior
The grey-winged trumpeter is a gregarious species that lives in flocks of up to about 15 birds of all ages. Each flock maintains a territory that could be as large as about 85 ha.

Movement
The grey-winged trumpeter is entirely non-migratory and tends to move only within the flock's territories. It does not cross major rivers.

Feeding
Adult grey-winged trumpeters feed mostly on soft fruit that has fallen to the forest floor. Though much of it has been knocked loose or picked and dropped by squirrel monkeys or arboreal birds, it tends to persist so the trumpeters do not need follow monkey troops. Fruits eaten are usually those of large trees but trumpeters will pick fruit from shrubs as well. About 10% of their diet is small arthropods, some of which they capture when following army ant swarms. Chicks are fed a greater percentage of arthropods when young. Adults also eat small vertebrates but only rarely.

Breeding
Grey-winged trumpeters are polyandrous and cooperative breeders. Up to three males mate with the dominant female of the flock, and all members contribute to raising the young. The species usually nests in holes in trees that have been excavated by other species, and sometimes also in natural breaks where for instance a trunk has split. They do not build a nest in the hole. They apparently time their breeding so the eggs hatch at the beginning of the local rainy season when fruit, and especially insects, are abundant. The clutch size is two to four eggs but usually three.

Vocalization
All trumpeters are highly vocal. The grey-winged trumpeter's song is a low humming "wuh-wuh-wuh wuh wuh - -". Its alarm call is "loud, harsh 'GRAH' notes".

In captivity
Indigenous peoples tame trumpeters as sentinals because of their predator-spotting ability and loud alarm call; they are also thought to kill snakes.

A captive grey-winged trumpeter named Trumpy was kept at Jersey Zoo by the author Gerald Durrell, and was noted for interacting with the people and animals of the zoo. "Trumpy" is mentioned several times in Durrell's book "Menagerie Manor".

Status
The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy and so assesses the grey-winged and ochre-winged trumpters separately. Both are rated as being of Least Concern. The population size of neither is known but both are believed to be decreasing. The white-winged trumpeter sensu lato is heavily hunted. It is frequently trapped by indigenous peoples but does not reproduce in that captivity. Deforestation for timber, ranching, and gold mining is an ongoing threat.

title: Grey-winged trumpeter


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User talk:Martyr69

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
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 * Civility
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Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 06:13, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Hi Martyr, Could you provide any references for Brung-Spatt Group? - pir 10:11, 30 Aug 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Martyr69


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Precious McKenzie

Precious Patrick McKenzie (born 6 June 1936) is a South African-born former weightlifter who won Commonwealth titles representing both England and New Zealand and has won several World powerlifting and Masters World powerlifting titles. He is of diminutive stature at 1.45m (4' 9").

He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1974 Birthday Honours for services to weightlifting.

Career
Born in Durban, Union of South Africa, Precious McKenzie suffered from ill-health during his childhood. An ambition to be a circus performer ended because of South Africa's racist laws and this led him to weight training and weightlifting. Although he was ranked the best weightlifter in his weight category in South Africa, he was barred from representing his country at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games that year. Because he was classified as "Coloured" under the apartheid regime he was also excluded from the South African team for the 1960 Rome Olympiad. In 1963, he was told he could be included in the South African team for the 1964 Olympics, provided he was segregated from the white members of the team. He refused and left South Africa for Britain in 1964 with his wife and young family. British minister for sport, Denis Howell, fast-tracked his citizenship application to allow him to compete for England in the 1966 Commonwealth Games in Jamaica where he won gold.

Initially working as a clicker in a Northampton shoe factory, he moved to Bristol where he completed a Physical Education degree.

McKenzie competed in three Empire and Commonwealth Games representing England and at three Olympics (1968, 1972 and 1976) representing Britain. As a result of contacts made during the 1974 Commonwealth Games in Christchurch, New Zealand, he decided to settle in that country, where he was offered the opportunity to be a weight trainer in a gym. He settled in the North Island city of Auckland and won his fourth Commonwealth gold representing New Zealand at the age of 42 at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton. He has won more Commonwealth and world medals in his sport than any other person, competing in both the bantam and flyweight divisions.

McKenzie has one of the longest-held world records in sports, (possibly the longest-held current record): 37 years. His 607 kg (1,339 lb) total in the 123 lb class, was achieved in 1979.

He subsequently became a private consultant in the field of back injury prevention and the New Zealand Safety Council's Manual Handling Advisor, running courses in New Zealand, Australia, Singapore, the United Kingdom and United States.

In 2006, he was recognised by his native country with an induction into the South African Sports Hall of Fame.

In 2008, a film was planned about his life. A New Zealand-based father-son team had a screenplay and sought funding in Cannes. They hoped to start shooting in South Africa by early November 2008. The relationship between McKenzie and the film makers deteriorated and ended in 2012 when McKenzie became disappointed with the slow pace of progress.

Documentary film

 * McKenzie was one of nine athletes featured in a National Film Board of Canada documentary on the Edmonton Commonwealth Games, Going the Distance (1979).

title: Precious McKenzie


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Suzzallo Library

Suzzallo Library is the central library of the University of Washington in Seattle, and perhaps the most recognizable building on campus. It is named for Henry Suzzallo, who was president of the University of Washington until he stepped down in 1926, the same year the first phase of the library's construction was completed. The library was renamed for him after his death in 1933.

Architecture
The library's original architects, Charles H. Bebb and Carl F. Gould, called for three structures built in Collegiate Gothic style and arranged in a roughly equilateral triangle with a bell tower in the center. The proposed 300 ft bell tower, however, was never built. A terra cotta bas relief of this plan, with the bell tower, can still be found on the wall outside the northeast entrance to Smith Hall.

The first phase, completed 1926, built the wing that forms the west face of the triangle. Its façade dominates the eastern side of the university's Central Plaza, better known as Red Square. The south wing, the second phase of construction, was completed in 1935. Part of this second phase added a floor between the first and second floors of the original building, and the curving Grand Staircase on either side of what was formerly a rotunda. The original plans for the third wing of the library, completed in 1963, were extensively revised, as by this time the university had largely moved away from its earlier architectural style and had adopted instead modernist concrete and glass forms. A fourth and final addition was completed in 1990 with the Kenneth S. Allen Library wing, named for the father of Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen; the elder Allen was an associate director of the university library system from 1960 to 1982. Between the years 2000 and 2002, Suzzallo Library underwent extensive retrofitting to strengthen the structure's integrity as a precaution against the effects of an earthquake. It remained open to the public throughout the entire renovation process, although sections were closed for periods of time. While the 2001 Nisqually earthquake occurred during the renovation, the library only sustained minor damage as 60 percent of the interior seismic work was completed when it occurred.

The 250 ft long, 52 ft wide, 65 ft high Graduate Reading Room (illustrated below) features cast-stone ashlar wall blocks and details, and oak bookcases topped with hand-carved friezes of native plants, under a painted and stenciled timber-vaulted ceiling. Tall leaded windows feature 35 foot stained glass panels reproducing Renaissance watermarks. On the oriels at each end of the room, painted world globes bear the names of European explorers. The Graduate Reading Room spans the entire third floor of the west front of the library. Its distinctive look, reminiscent of the great halls of Oxford and Cambridge colleges, is also said to have been inspired by Henry Suzzallo's stated belief that universities should be "cathedrals of learning."

Adorning the exterior of the early wings are terra cotta sculptures by Allen Clark of influential thinkers and artists selected by the faculty. These include Moses, Louis Pasteur, Dante Alighieri, Shakespeare, Plato, Benjamin Franklin, Justinian I, Isaac Newton, Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Herodotus, Adam Smith, Homer, Johann Gutenberg, Ludwig van Beethoven, Charles Darwin and Hugo Grotius. The front façade is also decorated with stone coats of arms from universities around the world, including Toronto, Louvain, Virginia, California, Yale, Heidelberg, Bologna, Oxford, Paris, Harvard, Stanford, Michigan, Uppsala, and Salamanca. Three cast stone figures representing "Thought"" "Inspiration", and "Mastery" stand above the main entrance.

Artwork
The Allen wing hosts the Raven Brings Light to this House of Stories (ʔuʔəƛ̓cəb ʔə kaw̓qs tiʔəʔ sləx̌il dxʷʔal tiʔəʔ ʔalʔal ʔə syəyəhub in Lushootseed), an installation project by the Washington State Arts Commission, Art in Public Places Program. It is composed of sculpted ravens and crows in the lobby, the Table of Knowledge (a cedar table by Ron Hilbert Coy) with a presentation of International Symposium of Light (a book printed and bound by Mare Blocker), Broadsides (poems by J.T. Stewart) in the lobby and on the 2nd floor, Study Desks (two cawpets by Carl Chew) on the 1st and 3rd floors of the Allen wing, and a Things the Crows Left (a special collection).

Library collection
Of the 6 million volumes that make up the University of Washington Libraries collection, approximately 1.6 million are housed in Suzzallo/Allen Library. Along with the Main Collection, Suzzallo/Allen Library also has a Children's Literature, Government Publications, Natural Sciences, and Periodicals collections. The Special Collections contains a Rare Book Collection with books printed before 1801. The Microforms/Newspapers collection is the largest collection of microform materials in any Association of Researches Library. Suzzallo Library also houses the main technical services units of the UW Libraries, including the Monographic Services Division and the Serials Services Division.

In popular culture
The Suzzallo Library appears as a recurring setting in the 2018 virtual reality video game Moss. Several members of Polyarc, the game's developer, graduated from the University of Washington.

title: Suzzallo Library


text:
Boy (disambiguation)

A boy is a human male child or young man.

Boy or The Boy may also refer to:

People

 * Boy (name), a list of people with the given name, nickname or stage name

Fictional characters

 * Boy (comics), in the comic book The Invisibles
 * "Boy", the adopted son of Tarzan in some film adaptations of Tarzan
 * Boy, a lion featured in the 1966 film Born Free
 * Boy, the main antagonist of the 1989 film Little Monsters
 * The Boy, Eustace Boyce, a character in the webcomic Scary Go Round

Films

 * Boy (1969 film) (Shōnen), a Japanese film
 * Boys (2003 film), a Tamil film directed by S. Shankar
 * Boy (2009 film), a Filipino film directed by Auraeus Solito
 * Boy (2010 film), a New Zealand film directed by Taika Waititi
 * The Boy (2015 film), an American psychological horror film directed by Craig Macneill
 * The Boy (2016 film), an American horror film directed by William Brent Bell

Books

 * Boy (autobiography), a 1984 autobiography by Roald Dahl
 * Boy (novel), a 1931 novel by James Hanley
 * Boy, a 1900 novel by Marie Corelli
 * Boy, a Spanish language novel by Luis Coloma
 * The Beautiful Boy, published in the UK as The Boy, a 2003 book by Germaine Greer
 * The Boy (Malte novel), a 2016 French novel by Marcus Malte, translated in 2019 by Emma Ramadan and Tom Roberge

Groups

 * Boy (American band), an American rock group that included Freddy Moore of The Nu Kats
 * Boy (Canadian band), a Canadian indie pop group
 * Boy (duo), a Swiss-German pop duo founded 2007
 * B.O.Y, a South Korean pop duo founded 2019

Albums

 * Boy (U2 album), 1980
 * Boy (Lena Philipsson album), 1987
 * Boy (EP), by Luke Hemmings, 2024
 * Boy, 2019 EP by Kevin McHale
 * The Boy, 2024 EP by Mark Knopfler

Songs

 * "Boy" (Book of Love song), 1985
 * "Boy" (Emma Louise song), 2012
 * "Boy" (Erasure song), 2006
 * "Boy" (Lee Brice song), 2017
 * "Boy" (Marcella Detroit song), 1996
 * "Boy" (Shion Miyawaki song), 2007
 * "Boy" (Treasure song), 2020
 * "Boy (I Need You)", by Mariah Carey, 2002
 * "Boy", by Chaz Jankel from Chasanova, 1981
 * "Boy", by Hellyeah from Welcome Home, 2019
 * "Boy", by the Killers, 2022
 * "Boy", by Kylie Minogue, a B-side of "Can't Get You Out of My Head", 2001
 * "Boy", by Little Mix from Salute, 2013
 * "Boy", by Maisie Peters from You Signed Up for This, 2021
 * "Boy", by Odesza from A Moment Apart, 2017
 * "Boy", by Ra Ra Riot from The Orchard, 2010
 * "Boy (Go)", by the Golden Palominos from Visions of Excess, 1985
 * "Boy (I'm So in Love with You)", by Robin Zander from Robin Zander, 1993
 * "BOY", by Charlie Puth from Voicenotes, 2018
 * "B.O.Y.", by Jessica Simpson from A Public Affair, 2006
 * "The Boy", by Alabama from Roll On, 1984
 * "The Boy", by Casey Veggies, 2014
 * "The Boy", by Samantha Mumba from Gotta Tell You, 2000

Other arts and entertainment

 * Boy (play), a 2016 play by Leo Butler
 * The Boy (Modigliani), a 1919 painting by Amedeo Modigliani
 * The Boy (musical), a 1917 London hit musical comedy
 * The Boy (TV series), a Canadian animated television series

Other uses

 * Bobo Dioulasso Airport, Burkina Faso, by IATA code
 * Boy seaman, a rating in the British Royal Navy and enlisted rank in the United States Navy
 * Boy (dog), a 17th-century hunting poodle owned by Prince Rupert of the Rhine
 * Boy, a part of the borough of Bottrop-Süd in Bottrop, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
 * Son

title: Boy (disambiguation)


text:
1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election

The 1968 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election was held on April 6, 1968. The election was won by Minister of Justice and Attorney General Pierre Elliott Trudeau, who became the new Prime Minister of Canada as a result. He was the unexpected winner in what was one of the most important leadership conventions in party history. The Globe and Mail 's newspaper report the next day called it "the most chaotic, confusing, and emotionally draining convention in Canadian political history."

The convention was held following the announced retirement of Lester B. Pearson, who was a well-respected party leader and Prime Minister, but who had failed to win a majority government in two attempts. Eight high-profile cabinet ministers entered the race, but by the time the convention began on April 3, the charismatic Trudeau had emerged as the front runner. He was strongly opposed by the party's right wing, but this faction was divided between former Minister of Trade and Commerce Robert Winters and Minister of Transport Paul Hellyer and failed to mount a united opposition. Trudeau won the leadership with the support of 51% delegates on the fourth ballot of the convention.

Pearson retires
Liberal leader and Prime Minister Lester Pearson announced on December 14, 1967, that he would be retiring in April 1968. Pearson had been Liberal leader since 1958 and Prime Minister since 1963. He was still much liked by the party and by the Canadian people in general, but had failed to win a majority government in the 1963 and 1965 elections. Liberals were also trailing in the polls behind the Progressive Conservatives, whose popular new leader Robert Stanfield had been selected in September 1967.

Long before the actual convention, a vigorous leadership contest had begun. At the outset, the leading candidates were believed to be Secretary of State for External Affairs Paul Martin, Minister of Transport Paul Hellyer, and Minister of Finance Mitchell Sharp. The unofficial Liberal Party tradition was to alternate between francophone and anglophone leaders, and Jean Marchand was considered a possible candidate. Martin was a highly respected veteran minister who had finished second to Pearson in the 1958 convention, and his ambitions to try again for the top job were well-known. Hellyer was a former Minister of National Defence who had unified the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force into the Canadian Forces.

Marchand declined to run, however, not being interested and suggesting that his English and health were not good enough to be a national leader. It was seen as necessary for national unity and the health of the party to have a strong Quebec candidate. Marchand and Gérard Pelletier united behind Justice Minister Pierre Trudeau. Trudeau had little experience and was not well known nationally, but had earned some renown for his wit and charisma. He had received plaudits for a wide-ranging overhaul of the criminal code that removed many of the morality laws, such as those against sodomy. Trudeau also had the strong support of top Pearson advisor Marc Lalonde as well as the tacit backing of Pearson himself, who felt it was important that a Francophone finish at least second in the race.

Candidates

 * Pierre Elliot Trudeau, 48, had been Justice Minister since 1967 and Member of Parliament for Mount Royal, Quebec, since 1965. Before entering politics he had been a law professor, writer, and founder and editor of the dissident journal Cité Libre.
 * Robert Winters, 57, was Minister of Trade and Commerce under Pearson and had been Public Works Minister under Louis St. Laurent. An engineer by training, he had been an MP for Nova Scotia from 1945 until 1957. After several years as a corporate executive he re-entered parliament, representing the Toronto riding of York West since 1965.
 * John Turner, 38, Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs since 1967 and previously a Minister without portfolio since 1965, Turner had been MP for St. Lawrence—St. George, Quebec since 1962.
 * Paul Hellyer, 44, had been a Toronto MP since 1949. He served briefly as Associate Minister of National Defence in 1957 in St. Laurent's last government, and as Minister of National Defence and then Transport Minister under Pearson.
 * Joe Greene, 47, had been the MP for Renfrew South, Ontario, since 1963 and served as Agriculture Minister under Pearson.
 * Allan MacEachen, 46, MP for Inverness—Richmond, Nova Scotia from 1953 to 1958 and again since 1962, served first as Minister of Labour, and then as Health Minister in Pearson's cabinet.
 * Paul Martin Sr., 64, MP for Essex East, Ontario since 1935, had first entered Cabinet in 1945 as Secretary of State of Canada under William Lyon Mackenzie King, served as Minsister of National Health and Welfare under St. Laurent and, since 1963, was Secretary of State for External Affairs under Pearson. He was the runner-up to Pearson in the 1958 leadership convention.
 * Eric Kierans, 54, an economist by training, had been a senior Quebec cabinet minister as Minister of Revenue and then Minister of Health under Quebec Premier Jean Lesage as well as president of the Quebec Liberal Party.
 * Harold Lloyd Henderson, 61, was a Presbyterian minister and the former mayor of Portage la Prairie, Manitoba. He had stood in the 1958 Liberal leadership convention where he received a single vote.

The campaign
The campaign consisted of trying to win over the almost twenty-four hundred delegates who would go to the April convention. These consisted of prominent Liberals from across the country and also ordinary party members elected by each riding association. The campaign lasted from after the Christmas recess up to the convention. Parliament was in session during this period and since all the major candidates were important cabinet ministers finding time to campaign was difficult. Thus it mostly consisted of the candidates taking short trips to various parts of the country to try to win over delegates.

Trudeau campaign
As Trudeau gained more public exposure, his popularity grew. Trudeau is believed to have decided he would run while on holiday in Tahiti over the Christmas break of 1967. The winter of 1968 was dominated by the lead-up to a February constitutional convention, at which Trudeau as justice minister was expected to play an important role. Lalonde, with the approval of Pearson, organized a pre-convention national tour in which Trudeau met with each of the premiers to talk about the constitution, and also to get guaranteed news coverage. One of his most important meetings was with Newfoundland Premier Joey Smallwood, whom Trudeau sufficiently impressed to earn Smallwood's lasting support. At the constitutional convention itself, Trudeau made a strong impression by outmanoeuvring and outdebating Quebec Premier Daniel Johnson, Sr. on national television. Johnson, and many others, felt that French Canadian disaffection could only be addressed by giving Quebec more autonomy. Trudeau rejected this approach, arguing that the best way to protect the interests of French Canadians was to guarantee their rights across Canada. On February 17, only days after this success, Trudeau declared himself as an official candidate for the Liberal leadership.

To the surprise of many, Trudeau became one of the prime contenders. Marchand played a leading role in Trudeau's campaign and brought in many supporters, especially in Quebec. Trudeau received endorsements from three cabinet ministers, and two provincial premiers, with Louis Robichaud of New Brunswick joining Smallwood. Trudeau's charisma and attention-grabbing behaviour earned him far more media coverage than any other candidate. A Université Laval study found that from January 1 to March 20, Trudeau had received 26% percent of the media coverage devoted to the nine candidates running. Finance Minister Mitchell Sharp was a distant second, with only 16%. Trudeau also received attention outside Canada, being profiled in both the British and American media.

By the end of the campaign, Trudeau was unquestionably the most popular figure among the Canadian public. A public opinion poll gave Trudeau 32% support, Martin 14% and Winters 10%, with the other candidates in single digits. Many within the Liberal Party still had deep doubts about him, however. He was a recent convert, having joined the party only in 1965, and was still considered an outsider. Some saw him as too radical and outspoken a figure and bitterly opposed his views on divorce, abortion and homosexuality. A number of minor scandals also broke out, including one where articles written by Trudeau that were deeply critical of Pearson, especially of the decision to accept nuclear weapons in Canada, were republished. Trudeau was also forced to explain why he had been blacklisted by the United States in the 1950s. His campaign was not run by professional political consultants, instead being directed by a group of young, extremely well educated amateurs such as Gordon Gibson and Jim Davey. The team impressed many, but it also made a number of errors.

Other candidates
The race was by no means a sure thing for Trudeau, and a number of potent candidates remained in the contest. Finance Minister Mitchell Sharp was one of the highest-profile cabinet ministers and represented the same liberal wing of the party as Trudeau. His campaign was badly hurt, however, when on February 19 the government was unexpectedly defeated on a tax bill, almost forcing a snap election. Pearson was out of the country, and as senior minister and finance minister getting the bill passed was Sharp's responsibility. After this debacle Sharp was prevented from campaigning through much of March by having to deal with a collapse in the world gold market. Though he campaigned intensively in the last few days, internal polling found that Sharp had fewer than 150 delegates and was unlikely to even be able to play kingmaker. The day before the convention, Sharp dropped out of the race and endorsed Trudeau. Sharp brought other ministers with him into the Trudeau camp, including Jean Chrétien, and at least a hundred delegates. The endorsement of the respected elder statesman also reassured many who liked Trudeau but were worried about his radical image.

A number of potent candidates remained in the race, including much of the inner cabinet. Paul Hellyer ran one of the most skilled campaigns, directed by Bill Lee, widely regarded as one of the Liberals' best campaign managers. The campaign received much attention for using a computer to keep track of delegates. By the convention Hellyer was widely viewed as having the greatest chance to defeat Trudeau. He had several prominent backers including Defence Minister Leo Cadieux and Secretary of State Judy LaMarsh. He drew support from a wide part of the political spectrum and from across the country, but was generally seen as somewhat to the right of Trudeau.

Robert Winters entered the race late, but won strong support representing the right wing of the party. He promised to privatize crown corporations if elected and also was highly critical of Pearson's fiscal policy, arguing that the new social programs would damage the Canadian economy. The faction of the party that was deeply worried about Trudeau's insurgency hoped for one of Hellyer or Winters to drop out and support the other, but neither would compromise.

Several other prominent ministers remained in the campaign, but were seen as having little chance of victory. The campaign of elder statesman Paul Martin, who had first run for the Liberal leadership in 1958, had slowly faded. Canada seemed in a mood to reject elder statesmen with few new ideas in favour of the fresh new faces. Martin remained in the race, however. Health Minister Allan MacEachen was also floundering and being pressured to drop out in favour of Trudeau, but he too remained. He had a firm base of support in his native Nova Scotia, but was expected to swing his votes to Trudeau after the first ballot. MacEachen ran on a strongly left-wing platform, defending Canada's new Medicare system. Agriculture minister Joe Greene was also still in the race and had support in Eastern and Northern Ontario, but was seen as a dark horse. Besides Trudeau, the candidate to garner the most attention for his charisma and oratory was the young junior minister John Turner. He gathered a following, but was viewed as too young and inexperienced to win.

Former Quebec provincial cabinet minister Eric Kierans ran a solid campaign with minimal resources. He developed a small following, but never having been a federal cabinet minister and without a seat in the House of Commons he remained an outsider.

Two fringe candidates also ran. Reverend Lloyd Henderson, a former mayor of Portage la Prairie, Manitoba had received one vote when he ran in the 1958 Liberal leadership convention and had also run unsuccessfully for parliament as an independent in the 1960s. He was not a delegate himself at the 1968 convention and would famously receive no votes even though his wife was a delegate. Ernst Zündel, not yet known publicly as a Holocaust denier, was also a candidate but dropped out before the first ballot after delivering a speech to the convention, decrying what he alleged was discrimination against German-Canadians.

The convention
The convention, held at Ottawa, Ontario's Civic Centre, took place in the shadow of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. and the riots that followed in the United States. The opening day of the convention was dedicated to giving tribute to Pearson, still a much-respected and popular figure, and he gave his parting address to the delegates. The following day consisted of a series of policy workshops. These were based around three halls named Our Life, Our Country, and Our Economy. Each candidate had twenty-five minutes to discuss the topic of the room with delegates. The other candidates noted in alarm that Trudeau drew by far the largest crowds to these events. Friday consisted of speeches by each of the candidates. It was marked by strong speeches by Trudeau, Turner, and surprisingly, Greene. Greene's speech focused on his service in the air force during the Second World War and reportedly moved some in the audience to tears. Hellyer's address, described as like the reading of a treatise, was poorly received. Hellyer's campaign manager, Bill Lee, later reported that the speeches had caused at least a hundred votes to move from Hellyer to Greene.

Outside the convention halls, each candidate's team worked to woo delegates. Most of the candidates set up conventional hospitality suites with food and drink for the delegates. Trudeau had nine set up in the various Ottawa hotels, though he did not provide any alcohol. Joe Greene did not have enough money for this, so he gave each delegate Laura Secord chocolates. Allan MacEachen had his own television station, AJM-TV, which broadcast to all the hotels where the delegates were staying; delegates could call in with questions and MacEachen would answer them. The system was plagued with technical difficulties and was not a great success. Hellyer and Trudeau were more successful with publishing a newspaper on each day of the convention, reporting on upcoming events and selling the candidate. Each candidate also had a team of "convention hostesses," young women dressed in matching uniforms who accompanied the candidate, handed out buttons, and generally tried to build enthusiasm for their candidate.

As with the other conventions of the time, the new leader was decided by runoff voting. Multiple votes were held, and after each round the candidate with the fewest votes was removed from the ballot. This continued until a single candidate won a majority. In the 1968 convention, this process took four ballots and seven and a half hours. The delay was blamed on the new IBM punched card machines that were used to count the votes. Despite instructions not to, a good number of the delegates folded their punched card as they would a normal ballot. These folded ballots caused the machines to repeatedly jam.

The weather was surprisingly warm for that time of year, and, as the convention centre was not well air conditioned, the delegates were left sweltering. Food stands also ran out of supplies early, leaving many delegates hungry. Crowd control was reported as "non-existent", and even the candidates had to battle their way through the throng to get anywhere. Asked the next day what his first thought was after being elected, Trudeau quipped that it was "how am I ever going to reach the podium". Outside were several protests, the largest being against the Vietnam War and demanding that Canada stop selling materiel to the United States.

First ballot
Trudeau was in first place on the first ballot with about as many votes as expected. Winters and Greene did surprisingly well, creating an unexpected four-way split in the anti-Trudeau vote with Turner and Hellyer. The result was especially disappointing to Hellyer, who had expected to get two hundred more votes than he had.

After the first ballot, Martin, MacEachen, and Kierans withdrew, knowing they could not win. Henderson, who did not get a single vote, was automatically eliminated. Kierans, despite being courted, did not endorse another candidate. Martin's tie for fourth ended any chance of victory, or even of playing kingmaker. After speaking with advisors and his son (future Prime Minister Paul Martin), Martin delivered an emotional withdrawal address that marked the end of his career in politics. Despite earlier discussions with the Hellyer camp, he did not endorse another candidate. Several of Martin's supporters, including Herb Gray, moved to support Trudeau. MacEachen withdrew and, as was expected, quickly endorsed Trudeau. However, he did not withdraw in time, and therefore remained listed on the second ballot.

Throughout the voting Trudeau projected an image of what Radwanski referred to as "supreme detachment." In his booth Trudeau played with the flower in his lapel and ate grapes by tossing them up in the air and catching them in his mouth.

Second ballot
Trudeau's vote increased on the second ballot. The greatest surprise was Winters, who seemed to be drawing the largest share of the stop-Trudeau votes, with Hellyer unexpectedly falling into third place. Great pressure was exerted on Hellyer, and Turner and Greene, to unite behind Winters. Cabinet minister Judy LaMarsh was famously caught on tape telling Hellyer that "you've got to go to Winters. Don't let that bastard win it, Paul—he isn't even a Liberal." Only eight votes behind Winters, and still seeing a chance of victory, Hellyer refused to quit. Turner also stayed unexpectedly and he resolutely refused to deal. Greene was saved from elimination by MacEachen remaining on the ballot, but he promised to endorse Trudeau after the next round. Belatedly, Hellyer and Winters agreed that whoever finished third on the next ballot would withdraw and back the other against Trudeau, but most observers felt the time to block Trudeau had passed. Peacock states that it is "fascinating to speculate" what would have happened if Hellyer and Winters had reached an agreement after the second ballot, but he feels that Trudeau most likely would still have won.

Third ballot
The third ballot was a close repeat of the second, but Trudeau and Winters began to draw off a substantial number of votes from the candidates who no longer were seen to have had a chance of victory. As per earlier agreements Hellyer and Greene withdrew after this ballot, with Hellyer backing Winters and Greene endorsing Trudeau. To the surprise of many, Turner insisted on remaining on the ballot.

Final ballot
Trudeau and Winters won additional support on the final ballot, while Turner, despite having no hope of victory, won almost two hundred votes. Turner's delegates would later form the "195 Club," which would become fundamental in his 1984 run. Trudeau placed 249 votes ahead of Winters on this last ballot with 51% of the vote. With this majority, Trudeau was declared the winner.

Summary of results

 * MacEachen announced after the first ballot that he was withdrawing and would support Trudeau, but he missed the deadline to remove his name from the ballot.

Trudeau victorious
Trudeau won the leadership on the fourth and final ballot, and all the remaining candidates endorsed him. This included both Winters and Hellyer, but observers noted that neither man did so with much enthusiasm. The subsequent Trudeau victory party at the Skyline Hotel swelled to massive proportions as over 5,000 revellers attended and the celebration spilled out into nearby streets.

Trudeau was sworn in as Liberal leader and prime minister two weeks later on April 20. That summer he led the Liberals to victory in the 1968 federal election. Canadians were quickly caught up in the excitement created by this youthful and dynamic leader. His popularity following the convention and through the general election was dubbed "Trudeaumania" by the media; Trudeau was often mobbed by fans, as if he were a rock star.

While Winters announced his support for Trudeau at the convention, he quit politics soon afterward returning to the private sector. He died only a year later. Hellyer briefly became a cabinet minister in the Trudeau government before leaving in 1969, eventually to form his own fringe party, and then seek the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Party. Turner served in Trudeau's cabinet, becoming one of the most powerful MPs until quitting in 1975. He eventually returned to politics and succeeded Trudeau in the 1984 Liberal leadership convention. Greene and MacEachen both served Trudeau ably as ministers before being appointed to the Senate of Canada.

The 1968 leadership convention did more than choose a single leader of the Liberal party: it did a great deal to set the history of the party, and of Canada, for the next four decades. Four future prime ministers were at the convention. Trudeau remained leader of the Liberal Party until 1984, and was prime minister for all of that time except during Joe Clark's short-lived Conservative government of 1979–1980.

His replacement by Turner in 1984 was largely a product of Turner's showing at the 1968 convention. After Winters' death, Turner's third-place showing made him the leading runner-up. Turner's political and organizational skills were much lauded in 1968, establishing him as one of the highest-profile Liberals. Turner was succeeded by Jean Chrétien in 1990. Chrétien had originally backed the leadership bid of his mentor, Mitchell Sharp, but joined Trudeau's campaign when Sharp withdrew in favour of Trudeau. At the convention, Chrétien became one of the Trudeau team's leading figures, playing a crucial role in recruiting a number of other cabinet ministers to the Trudeau fold. Chrétien continued to be Trudeau's loyal deputy until Trudeau's retirement in 1984. Chrétien would go on to win the Liberal leadership in 1990 and become Prime Minister in 1993, in part by claiming to be the heir to Trudeau's vision and policies. Paul Martin, who would himself become Prime Minister in 2003, was also at the convention, not as a Liberal operative, but as a close advisor to his father Paul Martin Sr. His father's poor showing, permanently ending his long dream of becoming Prime Minister, has long been cited by biographers as the source of the ceaseless ambition by Martin Jr. to win Canada's top job.

Articles

 * "Sharp, Smallwood support Trudeau; Turner attacks backroom deals." The Globe and Mail, April 4, 1968, p. A1
 * Stevens, Geoffrey. "Trudeau Promises to work as PM for 'a just society.'" The Globe and Mail, April 8, 1968, p. A1
 * Sullivan, Martin. Mandate '68. Toronto: Doubleday, 1968.
 * Westell, Anthony. "Candidates fail to make decisive impact on delegates." The Globe and Mail, April 5, 1968, p. A1
 * Westell, Anthony and Geoffrey Stevens. "Favored Trudeau gets big ovation." The Globe and Mail. April 6, 1968, p. A1
 * Westell, Anthony and Geoffrey Stevens. "Seven and a half hours of chaos, and an enigma chosen next PM." The Globe and Mail. April 8, 1968, p. A9


text:
José Antonio Dávila

Dr. José Antonio Dávila (October 7, 1898 – December 4, 1941) was a postmodern Puerto Rican poet.

Life and career
Dávila (birth name: José Antonio Dávila Morales ) was born and raised in Bayamon, Puerto Rico, into a literary family; he received both his primary and secondary education here and went to high school in Santurce, San Juan.

Early years
In 1918, he enrolled in the University of Puerto Rico and later transferred to Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia where he studied medicine, earning his medical degree in 1924; after graduating he established a medical practice there.

He was married to Alma Blake with whom he had a son (José Antonio Dávila, Jr.). Dávila became fatally ill and had to abandon his medical practice. He was interned at the Saranac Lake Hospital in New York, but returned to Puerto Rico in 1930. He is now buried in the city's Porta Coeli Cemetery, next to his father.

Dávila became a poet and received an award from the Puerto Rican Institute of Culture for his poem Vendimia (1940). His main source of inspiration was his father, the poet and Mayor of Bayamón, Virgilio Dávila.

Written works
Much of Dávila's work was published posthumously. Besides Vendimia, his other works are:

 * Los Motivos de Tristan ('The Motives of Tristan') (1957)
 * Poemas (Poems) (1964)
 * Almacen de Baratijas
 * Carta de Recomendación "Señor: en breve llegará a tu cielo una  tímida y dulce viejecita ..."

Davila also wrote a biography of the Bayamonese musician and composer Mariano Feliú Balseiro.

Death
Dr José Antonio Dávila died on December 4, 1941, at the age of 43. He was buried at Cementerio Porta Coeli in his hometown Bayamón, Puerto Rico.

Commemoration
The City of Bayamón has named a school and an avenue after him.

title: José Antonio Dávila


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Guanaco

In order to remain listed at Requests for comment, at least two people need to show that they tried to resolve a dispute with this sysop and have failed. This must involve the same dispute, not different disputes. The persons complaining must provide evidence of their efforts, and each of them must certify it by signing this page with ~. If this does not happen within 48 hours of the creation of this dispute page (which was: 06:23, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)), the page will be deleted. The current date and time is:, 29 July 2024 (UTC).

 * (Guanaco | talk | contributions)

Statement of the dispute
This is a summary written by users who dispute this sysop's conduct.

 * Description:

Treats the list of protected pages as his own personal fiefdom. Unprotects pages, even those that he has never had any discussions on, as if he, and only he, has the right to decide what pages should or should not be blocked, even if they are currently in the middle of edit wars.

Powers misused

 * Protection (log):
 * From his Talk page:

Unprotection
Why did you "un-Protect" John Kerry a few hours ago, without notice to all parties discussing it? Please advise. Rex071404 03:49, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * When I unprotect something, I am not obligated to notify everyone involved in the dispute. If you want to know when an article is unprotected, use your watchlist. Guanaco 03:53, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

Guanaco, may I ask how you came to the decision to unprotect John Kerry? I don't see a request on your user talk, nor in the article talk. Did I miss something? Thanks, Cecropia | Talk 04:34, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * A specific request isn't necessary for something to be unprotected. It's anti-wiki to keep articles protected for more than a few days. Guanaco 04:49, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with both these general statements. I just want to make sure you're aware of the specific context here.  The protection (and the Request for Comment and the Request for Mediation) came about because of the activities of one specific contributor.  With the protection gone, the revert war has begun.  Admittedly, nothing very useful was happening while the page was protected.  I can't be too critical of your decision to resort to a bad solution (IMO), given that I can't offer any constructive suggestion as to what a good solution might be.  :(  JamesMLane 06:41, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Guanaco, I know that keeping articles protected is a bad thing, but unprotecting them in the middle of a hefty dispute is madness. 36 hours ago, I think all parties were pretty close to coming to a solution - at least within the next few days. But now, thanks to the article being unprotected too soon, and thus the edit war restarting, it looks like it'll be protected for a fair bit longer. Please take a bit more care with unprotecting articles in future. Ambi 10:09, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Does your unprotecting Zaza mean that you have some intention of dealing with the persistent vandalism to the page? No one has requested in the talk page permission to edit it. The only edits in several months were vandalisms and reversions. I had asked for protection precisely because I was tired of repeatedly reverting the same vandal. As an earlier author of part of the page, I am not the appropriate person to protect it, but frankly I don't want to have to make it my daily duty to protect it from vandalism. -- Jmabel 05:29, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * I'll watchlist it and check every anonymous edit to the page. This vandalism doesn't justify long-term protection. Guanaco 07:39, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

Applicable policies

 * Protection policy: Unprotecting pages on his own without discussion, even those in the middle of an edit war.

Evidence of trying and failing to resolve the dispute=
 * 1) http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=User_talk%3AGuanaco&diff=0&oldid=4960339 - questionable
 * 2) Ambi attempting to resolve the unprotection dispute and getting no reply.
 * 3) Question on Guanaco's talk page that received curt response
 * 4) Further comment on Guanaco's talk page that received no response
 * 5) Query on this page that has had no response so far

 * Users certifying the basis for this dispute (sign with ~ ):

 * Ambi 08:19, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC) While the diff Rick posted really doesn't support his case, he has a legitimate point here, particularly regarding protections (and indeed on blocking if what he says here is true). I've moved my vote to certification, because of my post on his talk page (see above), and a brief conversation on IRC after he referred to this RfC as "frivolous".
 * Ambi has not shown that she has worked to resolve this beyond one comment asking me to "take a bit more care with unprotecting articles in future". I have not unprotected any pages since then, so it cannot be said that she failed. She also has not done anything at all involving the reblocking situation. Guanaco 00:49, Aug 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Guanaco, are you intending to address any of our concerns, other than to say you are justified, and promise not to arbitrarily block or unprotect in the future without considering the situation of each page you wish to unprotect, and communicating with the editors involved in the event there is an ongoing dispute among the editors? -- Cecropia | Talk 01:15, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I'd like to know that too. I don't think it's proper for an admin to just unprotect a page without checking to see if the editors involved are satisfied with a compromise.  Otherwise, it will just lead to more edit warring.  We can understand if it was just a one time thing, everyone makes mistakes. Or was the motivation something else?  Do you plan on continue to unprotect articles without checking to see if a compromise was agreed upon in the future?  If so, I would like to know why.  Guanaco, we're attempting to resolve the unprotection dispute through this discussion right now. Shard 01:37, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I was willing to cut Guanaco some slack because I thought it was a case of overzealousness in trying to tidy up Wikipedia, which is not a bad thing; but I believe he should know that a bit more explanation for an unrequested admin action than citing how long the article has been protected is called for: "no discussion on talk page for xx days" or "protected because of active vandal--trying unprotect" or "protected to give revert war time to cool off--trying unprotect." I would be comforted if he explained his blocks (not writing a book, just reveal his thinking) but when he is asked civilly why something was done, the asking editor deserves better than "When I unprotect something, I am not obligated to notify everyone involved in the dispute." and "A specific request isn't necessary for something to be unprotected." This is non-responsive and rude to cite his interpretation of admin powers instead of giving a simple, civil answer. -- Cecropia | Talk 21:47, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I am moving my vote to certification, since Guanaco is not only defending his self-validated behavior, he is arguing with every basis for this action. He seems to mistaking other editors' politeness for a failure to seek compromise. When I saw his unprotect of John Kerry without any explanation I asked for an explanation and received a curt response. A further comment on the issue received no response. I'm not a big believer in RfCs, but I see no affirmative willingness on Guanaco's part to acknowledge that there is a problem, no less refrain from continuing. -- Cecropia | Talk 03:07, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I assume this certification only applies to the unprotection issue. Either way, the unprotection issue should be discussed at Wikipedia talk:Protection policy. We have no unprotection policy that I could have possibly violated. There is no consensus that John Kerry should have been protected, and there is no policy that states that it needed to stay protected. What is this really about? Guanaco 03:21, Aug 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * We have virtually no written unprotection policy at all. The unprotection policy has evolved by custom, like most everything else on Wikipedia . More to the point, IMHO, is that you are refusing to acknowledge that it is the community's wishes that are important: "Admin powers are not editor privileges - admins should only act as servants to the user community at large."(Protection_policy). This latter quote also bears on not responding to a civil user question with answers indicating that you don't have to give an informed reason or notify the active editors why you are taking an unrequested action. Protection is placed for a reason. In the case of an edit war where the editors are trying to work out their differences under the calming influence of protection, they are entitled, within reason, to be allowed to specify when consensus on unprotection is reached. An example of this was on the hotly-disputed Terrorism page, which produced a successful compromise before editing was resumed. -- Cecropia | Talk 03:43, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Guanaco has stated (Comment 2, Reply level 2 [ :#:: ]) that since there is no unprotection policy, he is doing nothing wrong. I disagree, the lack of written rules doesn't mean to disobey any unwritten yet popularly understood ones.  My problem exists with There, which has been unprotected several times in the midst of active vandalism, by one Guanaco.  The history shows this quite well.  Vandal claims victory over sysops repeatedly, and seems to happen usually after one of Guanoco's unprotects.  This is incredible, and hard to believe, that these actions would come from an administrator.  I, for one, am quite upset.  (Please note: the vandal(s) has/have also edited Pepsi to state that Aquafina was really New Jersey Tap Water, and various other things.) --TIB (talk) 01:43, Aug 18, 2004 (UTC)
 * Guanaco has just readded the line that the vandal was adding repeatedly, since the beginning of the vandalization (before it started picking up). If this isn't proof, then I don't know what is.  I'm fed up with this.  --TIB (talk) 04:00, Aug 19, 2004 (UTC)

 * Other users who endorse this statement (sign with ~ ):
 * Angela 20:22, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC) The protection was clearly not stale. Discussion and voting were ongoing on the talk page at the time Guanaco unprotected it and it had to be reprotected a few hours later by Hadal as the edit war continued. If Guanaco had looked at Talk:John Kerry he would have seen the matter was far from being stale. There is absolutely no need to unblock and reblock users just to meet some new guidelines that have been added to the now ridiculous "blocking policy" page. Even if these new rules were really policy, they don't need to apply retroactively to blocks made before such edits. I have asked Guanaco to stop misusing the block log as a means of giving his opinion on why someone was blocked. (Note - these comments relate to the parts of this page that Guanaco has since removed)
 * I'd also like to know about the unprotection of those pages. I would have certified this myself, but I can't find the links in my attempts to resolve the unprotection issue.  When you are given the ability to unprotect something, you have a responsibility to notify everyone about it (such as posting a message on the talk page or anything) otherwise it will just continue the way it was before the protection. Shard 23:01, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * This user is a suspected sock puppet. Look at their contributions. Guanaco 00:11, Aug 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * RickK 06:37, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * What has RickK done to resolve this? A quick look at my talk page and its history will show that he has not done anything beyond asking a question about the blocks and unblocks. After my response, there was no further discussion on these issues. RickK has not shown that he has "tried to resolve a dispute with this sysop and [has] failed". Guanaco 00:32, Aug 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, if RickK's certification is invalid because it doesn't meet that criterion there are still others who can certify it. Looking at your talk page, there are a few people who genuinely tried to discuss those issues with you and just got plain rudeness. Shard 00:53, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * What Ambi said on Guanaco's talk page was correct.--Neutrality 02:53, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Note: This statement moved from endorsement to certification on the grounds that Neutrality is apparently willing to consider the two as equivalent. See and . --Michael Snow 22:36, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * This certification is invalid. Neutrality has not made any comments or done anything except on this RfC regarding this dispute. This is far from the "need to show that they tried to resolve a dispute with this sysop and have failed" requirement. Guanaco 00:01, Aug 4, 2004 (UTC)
 * I left a note on Neutrality page, asking him to confirm or infirm his position. Asking the person his opinion rather than guessing, seems to me the best thing to do. SweetLittleFluffyThing
 * It is only invalid until the deadline. Once Neutrality logs on and provides the links it will be valid.  Also, if Neutrality can't certify it, there are still others who can.  Looking at your talk page and the people endorsing RickK's summary, I can see at least two people who genuinely attempted to resolve the aforementioned protection & blocking dispute through discussion on your talk page.  And you were uncooperative to even the discuss the matter with them. Shard 00:17, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * The protection and blocking disputes are two different issues. This should be made into two separate RfC pages or one of the issues should be removed. Guanaco 00:54, Aug 4, 2004 (UTC)

Response
[response to uncertified blocking issue removed]

Guanaco's unprotection of the articles was perfectly justified. The protection of John Kerry was stale, and it was allowing a single stubborn user to prevent any updates to an article about a rapidly changing topic. It should be noted that that user is currently blocked.

Zaza has never been vandalized enough to warrant protection. The most a user has ever vandalized it in a 24 hour period is twice. Vandalism by individuals can be dealt with using blocks, and protection is only necessary if there are persistent and rapid reincarnations.

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) Guanaco 07:41, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * 2) anthony (see warning) 21:44, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * 3) Cut Guanaco some slack here. The situation on the Kerry page has been chaotic for weeks. Anyone trying to calm things down could've made a mistake. 172 04:46, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Outside view
This is a summary written by users not directly involved with the dispute but who would like to add an outside view of the dispute.

I see no violation of any policies. The protection policy doesn't even discuss unprotection. [view on uncertified blocking issue removed]

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):
 * 1) anthony (see warning) 21:47, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

{Add summary here, but you must use the endorsement section below to sign. Users who edit or endorse this summary should not edit the other summaries}

Users who endorse this summary (sign with ~ ):

Discussion
All signed comments and talk not related to a vote or endorsement, should be directed to this page's discussion page.

title: Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Guanaco


text:
User talk:Squash/Templates

Very nice! I think it looks cool.--Neutrality 16:15, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I like it...I can add a few more if you don't mind. — Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  00:44, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

It could be toned down a little, perhaps something like this:

Speedy Deletion — This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. If you disagree that the page should be speedily deleted, please explain this on the talk page, or at Speedy deletions.

Protected — ''This page is protected from editing until disputes have been resolved on the discussion page. Protection is not an endorsement of a particular version; please review the discussion, or compare versions from the page history.''

Waddayathink? OBTW, I like the idea.

— Pladask 01:37, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I have nothing aginst the speedy delete and protection boxes, but that stub box is just going too far. Large boxes with icons spell "error", and being a stub is not an error. -- Cyrius|✎ 01:54, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, if we're imagifying, why not go all out? And the box is green -- says "go ahead, we don't mind". Or perhaps a satin blue would be better? :D —  Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  02:01, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Take a look at fr:Mod%C3%A8le:%C3%89bauche (stub) —  Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  02:10, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * The French stub box is better. It's less obtrusive and doesn't look like something's wrong. It's a box that can sit at the bottom of the page happily. -- Cyrius|✎ 04:05, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I can do a little work on my box... —  Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  04:30, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Stealing from the french is fun! (no offense to the french tho :P) —  Ilγαηερ   (Tαlκ)  04:36, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Nice to see some replies to my proposed templates, and some other people coming up with some other 'tweaked' designs! I visited the French stub box, and I could say it does have a nice consistent look to it. But I still like designs with better icons with more meaning to to them squash 05:51, Aug 3, 2004 (UTC).

These may be an improvement, though personally I prefer blankfaze's example with the different border widths. The red border is rather loud; maybe a less saturated tone would work better. --Eequor 05:02, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I like the two above. The french stub (mentioned by Ilγαηερ above is nice, but I'd prefer a stub message that is only one line long, otherwise it will be longer than many of the stubs it marks. --ssd 22:58, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Squash/Templates


text:
Talk:Economy of Turkey

Could all the numbers in the infobox be for the previous year
At the moment they range from 2017 to 2023. I think it would make more sense to have them all 2022. What do you think? Chidgk1 (talk) 11:54, 27 April 2023 (UTC)

 * I think they should all be for 2023 now - your thoughts?Chidgk1 (talk) 13:52, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

Excerpt from poverty in Turkey
Hello @Metuboy

Good to see you and @Omnibenevolence improving this article. But I am curious to know why you removed the excerpt from poverty in Turkey. I think using an excerpt here makes the articles easier to keep up to date in future Chidgk1 (talk) 13:48, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

 * I removed it since the excerpt was extracting only a single line of text and a large image. And the image was overlaping with the topic below. Actually we can keep the excerpt. I already remove the image from the poverty article. Since the text of the image was not mentioned in the article itself. It was not a good practise. Metuboy (talk) 14:28, 2 January 2024 (UTC)
 * You are free to use the excerpt back again. If you think it was a better practise. Metuboy (talk) 14:36, 2 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes even though it is only one sentence at the moment I hope in future you or someone else might be interested in expanding the lead of Poverty in Turkey Chidgk1 (talk) 15:00, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

Years in infobox
I think all the info in the infoxbox should be for 2023 because that would be up to date but not speculative

What do you think? Chidgk1 (talk) 13:52, 5 January 2024 (UTC)

 * Yes I agree per WP: crystal Shadow4dark (talk) 18:43, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Ha ha thanks but I am not a Geordie Chidgk1 (talk) 19:04, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
 * Forecasts aren't meant to be speculative,they reflect the upcoming agenda not guesses 212.253.193.142 (talk) 00:06, 19 January 2024 (UTC)
 * But some of the figures in the infobox are still at 2017 and 2018 - surely those should be updated to 2022 or 2023 rather than continually changing the 2023 figures to different months in 2024? Chidgk1 (talk) 15:07, 19 January 2024 (UTC)

This is getting silly - how can we know the average monthly salary for 2024 when it is only January - I give up Chidgk1 (talk) 13:39, 26 January 2024 (UTC)

Please use the English pages from Turkstat and Ministry of Treasury and Finance when available
Often they have press releases in English as well as Turkish - for example for the unemployment rate. Using these pages will make it easier for readers to check cites Chidgk1 (talk) 16:36, 21 January 2024 (UTC)

Why use IMF figures for GDP not official government figures?
and anyone else interested Chidgk1 (talk) 09:02, 22 January 2024 (UTC)

 * I guess its because all countries has been edited in wiki according to imf figures it keeps fresh and reliable data Pirteappp (talk) 12:42, 26 April 2024 (UTC)

Meaning of ‘peaked’?
The lead of this article says ‘Turkey's nominal GDP peaked at $1.340 trillion in 2024, and its nominal GDP per capita peaked at $15,368 in the same year.’ but if I wrote something similar in the peak coal article I am sure my change would be reverted by someone saying that a peak year must have at least one lower level year after it.

What do you think ‘peaked’ means? Chidgk1 (talk) 09:13, 22 January 2024 (UTC)

 * I think the words you are looking for are "all-time high". So it would be "Turkey's nominal GDP reached an all-time high of $1.340 trillion in 2024..." KREOH (talk) 01:18, 23 January 2024 (UTC)

Could anyone fix the data section
IMF data has been updated and It seems the current data page hasn't been updated Pirteappp (talk) 12:39, 26 April 2024 (UTC)

EU Is Not a Country, It should not be represented as one
I have observed that someone has changed trade partner values and combined individual trade partners into a single EU data. This is misleading and unnecessarily ideological. I suggest it to be reverted. Thank you. 212.253.113.156 (talk) 13:53, 8 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Economy of Turkey


text:
Occlusion

Occlusion may refer to:

Health and fitness

 * Occlusion (dentistry), the manner in which the upper and lower teeth come together when the mouth is closed
 * Occlusion miliaria, a skin condition
 * Occlusive dressing, an air- and water-tight trauma dressing used in first aid
 * Vascular occlusion, blockage of a blood vessel
 * Vascular occlusion training, or blood flow restriction training, a technique done by some bodybuilders

Other uses

 * Ambient occlusion, a shading method used in 3D computer graphics
 * Occluded front, part of cyclone formation
 * Occlusion culling, or hidden surface determination, a 3D computer graphics process
 * Occlusion effect, an audio phenomenon
 * Occlusive, in phonetics

title: Occlusion


text:
Halftime show

A halftime show is a performance given during the brief period between the first and second halves, or the second and third quarters, of a sporting event. Halftime shows are not given for sports with an irregular or indeterminate number of divisions (such as baseball or boxing), or for sports that do not have an extended period of stoppage in play. Ice hockey games consist of three periods, so there are in effect two halftimes at a hockey game: the first intermission is between the first and second periods, and the second intermission comes between the second and third periods. The intermissions are usually given over to contests involving randomly selected audience members, although for major games, like the Winter Classic, the Stanley Cup Finals, the NHL All-Star Game and the Frozen Four, the intermission between the 2nd and 3rd period often features entertainment typically found during halftime shows.

The first instance of a halftime show was in November, 1892 at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln when General John J. Pershing required the ROTC band to march drills as a part of their performances. This was first showcased at a football game where the band marched drills at halftime. Since the band's military reviews had attracted significant crowds, the goal was to increase attendance at football games by conducting a military review while the team rested between halves.

Others generally attribute the invention of the halftime show to Walter Lingo. Lingo was the owner of a dog kennel and sponsored an all-Native American football team, the Oorang Indians, to tour the country and promote the kennel. In addition to playing football, the Indians would provide various forms of entertainment, including exhibiting the dogs, players demonstrating their prowess (Nick Lassa once wrestled a bear while Jim Thorpe would kick long-distance field goals), dancing, and demonstrations of native culture. Although the halftime show was in part designed to bring an additional draw to mask the fact that the Indians did not put much effort into the actual game, his halftime show was mostly the same from game to game, and the novelty wore off after two years.

A modern halftime show can consist of cheerleading performances, majorette routines, marching bands playing music, or other spectacular performances. Halftime shows are particularly well known among historically black colleges and universities, which have elaborate "battles of the bands" between the opposing schools' marching bands during halftimes of the most prominent games (see, for instance, the Bayou Classic). More common in modern times, especially in major games, is to reserve the entire halftime period for a short concert by a major recording artist.

The halftime show also often describes television studio shows during the intermission which review scores and stories from across the league's schedule during that break between action.

Gridiron football
A halftime show is a traditional element in an American football and Canadian football game. During the interval between the second and third quarters (normally 20 minutes) some form of entertainment is presented on the field. The entertainment frequently consists of performances by marching bands.

At high school and most college games, the school bands of the two competing teams perform at halftime with the marching band of the visiting team performing first followed by the marching band of the home team. Often, the cheerleaders and/or a dance team will perform. Other activities may also take place, and these vary widely. Until sometime in the early 1980s, these shows were typically included as part of the broadcast if the game was televised; since that time, it has become traditional for TV networks to devote the halftime to a roundup of other games' scores as well as providing analysis.

During a professional football game, a high school or college band may be brought in to perform. For the Super Bowl and Grey Cup games, an elaborate show involving world-renowned music stars, dancers, fireworks and other special effects has become the norm. High-profile acts are generally chosen for their broad appeal, due to the games' large audiences, and choices that deviate from that tend to be poorly received.

Many football historians believe halftime shows originated with the Oorang Indians of the early National Football League. The team was a marketing ploy by Walter Lingo to sell and promote his Airedale Terriers. He would lure audiences to his games with the promise of an outrageous halftime show, instead of the promise of a good football game. The team was called the Indians because they were made up entirely of Native Americans, and Oorang came from Lingo's Oorang Kennel Company. The Indians players participated in helping the Oorang Airedales perform tricks for the crowd before and after the game. However, it was their halftime entertainment that made them such a huge attraction in the early 1920s. There were shooting exhibitions with the dogs retrieving the targets. There were Native American dances and tomahawk and knife-throwing demonstrations. Indians player Nick Lassa, also called "Long-Time-Sleep", even wrestled a bear on occasion. Another show was a demonstration of the United States Indian scouts actions during World War I. The show promoted Lingo's kennels by showing the Airedale Red Cross dogs administering first aid to wounded soldiers. Many of the scouts and Red Cross dogs taking part in the event were real veterans of the war, while the German troops were impersonated by local American Legion men who wore German uniforms furnished by Lingo. The halftime activities soon became more important than the results of the game for the Indians fanbase. The Indians only won 3 games in their two seasons of existence.

Super Bowl
In the United States, the halftime show for the Super Bowl is perhaps the highlight of the event and can cost millions to stage.

On February 1, 2004, the live halftime show for Super Bowl XXXVIII, produced by music video giant MTV, sparked outrage among many viewers when Justin Timberlake, one of the performers, exposed fellow performer Janet Jackson's right breast in what was later dubbed a "wardrobe malfunction". Since it was broadcast live, the exposure was seen by millions when it happened.

Grey Cup
In Canada, the halftime show for the Grey Cup is a highlight of the event and can cost millions to stage. Performers over the years have included Justin Bieber, Shania Twain, Blue Rodeo, Black Eyed Peas, Keith Urban, Green Day and Imagine Dragons.

Rugby football
A halftime show is a traditional element in a Rugby league and Rugby union game during a Grand final.

title: Halftime show


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User:NightMonkey

I live in Philadelphia. I've lived in San Francisco and Pittsburgh, PA in the past. I'm a Linux/UNIX Systems Administrator, Systems Engineer and Software Engineer. I've used the skills I've gained in for-profit and academic work environments to also assist non-profit organizations with technical work, for either reduced-rate or free, based on ability to pay. I enjoy working within the Open Source/Free Software model. I am a proponent of Continuous Delivery, OpenTelemetry and Site Reliability Engineering. The Agile Manifesto is always worth revisiting when your work as a developer seems to be bringing more pain than joy.

I alternate between atheism and agnosticism. I enjoy studying the history of religions and cultures, and I'm very interested in Anthropology, Sociology, and economic politics. I am pro-choice, and I'm reading Karl Marx's Das Kapital - truly an eye-opener! I've run a music record label (into the ground...), and had some working experience with grassroots political organizing. I like downhill skiing. I'm not a major sports fan.

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I have not been active on Wikipedia for quite some time, primarily as edit warring increased and remedies were more work than the time was worth. I have become less enamored by the bias that relying on "reputable sources" seems to create. Who gets to define that? Wikipedia, through its policies, seems to favor ruling institutions and corporations. Many of these institutions have been shown to be either less or as reliable as sources that don't have wealthy capitalists to obliquely impose their editorial criteria. Yet the bias persists and seems to be growing.

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Talk:Aya Hisakawa

Kanji
On Hitoshi Doi's sites:the one at "www.usagi.org" displays Japanese text properly,but the "www.tcp.com" one does not.The external link has been adjusted accordingly.Ranma9617 06:38, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Did Aya sing this?
One thing: does Aya sing "Ki Ni Naru Aitsu" for Cardcaptor Sakura, or is it Motoko Kumai, Shaoran's seiyuu? No one can seem to agree on this.70.23.131.75 (talk) 20:39, 14 August 2008 (UTC)

Aya's Sally The Witch role
Could there be clarification on Aya's role in Sally The Witch? The show came out before she was even born and ended the year she was born, so how did she have a speaking role in it as the main character's friend?  ~R ei ka  01:43, 16 May 2014 (UTC)

Bleach TYBW
Can anyone add her role for Unohana in Bleach’s new season? She was confirmed in the trailer but I can’t figure out how to add it properly on mobile. Here’s the source the other voice actor pages are using: https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2021-12-18/bleach-thousand-year-blood-war-anime-video-reveals-october-2022-tv-premiere/.180730 Sachiko124 (talk) 22:48, 20 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aya Hisakawa


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Fiddlesticks (disambiguation)

Fiddlesticks are sticks used to play rhythmic accompaniment in old-time fiddle music.

Fiddlesticks may also refer to:
 * Fiddlesticks (1927 film), a silent black and white short American film
 * Fiddlesticks (1930 film), an animated cartoon
 * Devil sticks, a set of juggling sticks
 * Fiddlesticks! a 2014 picture book by Sean Taylor

title: Fiddlesticks (disambiguation)