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User:Dkpiatt

Hello, my name is Dan.

I live in NH.

"Millions of innocent men, women, and children, since the introduction of Christianity, have been burnt, tortured, fined, imprisoned; yet we have not advanced one inch towards uniformity. What has been the effect of coercion? To make one half the world fools, and the other half hypocrites. To support roguery and error all over the earth..."

'''On religious issues there can be little or no compromise. There is no position on which people are so immovable as their religious beliefs. There is no more powerful ally one can claim in a debate than Jesus Christ, or God, or Allah, or whatever one calls this supreme being. But like any powerful weapon, the use of God's name on one's behalf should be used sparingly. The religious factions that are growing throughout our land are not using their religious clout with wisdom. They are trying to force government leaders into following their position 100 percent. If you disagree with these religious groups on a particular moral issue, they complain, they threaten you with a loss of money or votes or both.

I'm frankly sick and tired of the political preachers across this country telling me as a citizen that if I want to be a moral person, I must believe in "A," "B," "C" and "D." Just who do they think they are? And from where do they presume to claim the right to dictate their moral beliefs to me? And I am even more angry as a legislator who must endure the threats of every religious group who thinks it has some God-granted right to control my vote on every roll call in the Senate. I am warning them today: I will fight them every step of the way if they try to dictate their moral convictions to all Americans in the name of "conservatism."'''

title: User:Dkpiatt


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Cox Report

The Report of the Select Committee on U.S. National Security and Military/Commercial Concerns with the People's Republic of China, commonly known as the Cox Report after Representative Christopher Cox, is a classified U.S. government document reporting on the People's Republic of China's covert operations within the United States during the 1980s and 1990s. The redacted version of the report was released to the public on May 25, 1999.

Committee created by the U.S. House of Representatives
The report was the work product of the Select Committee on U.S. National Security and Military/Commercial Concerns with the People's Republic of China. This special committee, created by a 409–10 vote of the U.S. House of Representatives on June 18, 1998, was tasked with the responsibility of investigating whether technology or information was transferred to the People's Republic of China that may have contributed to the enhancement of the nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles or to the manufacture of weapons of mass destruction.

A similar investigation had already begun in the U.S. Senate under the leadership of Senator Fred Thompson (Republican-Tennessee). Thompson had opened his hearings on China's influence in America's 1996 presidential and congressional elections 11 months earlier (on July 8, 1997).

The Chairman of the committee was Republican Rep. Christopher Cox of California, whose name became synonymous with the committee's final report. Four other Republicans and Democrats served on the panel, including Representative Norm Dicks, who served as the ranking Democratic member. The committee's final report was approved unanimously by all 9 members. The redacted version of the report was released to the public May 25, 1999.

Major allegations
The Cox Report contained five major allegations about China and nuclear weapons.
 * China stole design information regarding the United States' seven most advanced thermonuclear weapons.
 * These stolen secrets enabled the PLA to accelerate the design, development and testing of its own nuclear weapons.
 * China's next generation of nuclear weapons would contain elements of stolen U.S. design information and would be comparable in effectiveness to the weapons used by the United States.
 * Small warheads based on stolen U.S. information could be ready for deployment in 2002 also enabling China to integrate MIRV technology on its next generation of missiles.
 * These thefts were not isolated incidents, but rather the results of decades of intelligence operations against U.S. weapons laboratories conducted by the Ministry of State Security. In addition, the report described the illegal activity likely persisted despite new security measures implemented as a result of the scandal.

While several groups, including the People's Republic of China, contend that the Report is overstated or inaccurate, its authors and supporters maintain that its gist is undeniable. The report's basic findings were as follows, quoted from the above document's opening summary:

"The People's Republic of China (PRC) has stolen design information on the United States' most advanced thermonuclear weapons. The Select Committee judges that the PRC's next generation of thermonuclear weapons, currently under development, will exploit elements of stolen U.S. design information. PRC penetration of our national nuclear weapons laboratories spans at least the past several decades and almost certainly continues today.

The PRC has stolen or otherwise illegally obtained U.S. missile and space technology that improves PRC military and intelligence capabilities."

U.S. Government
The Cox Report's release prompted major legislative and administrative reforms. More than two dozen of the Select Committee's recommendations were enacted into law, including the creation of a new National Nuclear Security Administration to take over the nuclear weapons security responsibilities of the United States Department of Energy. At the same time, no person has ever been convicted of providing nuclear information to the PRC, and the one case that was brought in connection to these charges, that of Wen Ho Lee, fell apart.

In response to the allegations contained in the report, the CIA appointed retired U.S. Navy Admiral David E. Jeremiah to review and assess the report's findings. In April 1999, Admiral Jeremiah released a report backing up the Cox Report's main allegation that stolen information had been used to develop or modernize Chinese missiles and/or warheads.

PRC Government
The Chinese government called all allegations "groundless".

Academia
Richard L. Garwin remarked that stolen information regarding the W-70 and W-88 warhead would not appear to directly impair U.S. national security since to develop weapons based on this technology would require a massive investment in resources and not be in their best strategic interests with regard to their nuclear program.

An assessment report that was published by Stanford University's Center for International Security and Cooperation said that the language of the Cox report "was inflammatory and some allegations did not seem to be well supported."

Related prosecutions
Two of the U.S. companies named in the report – Loral Space and Communications Corp. and Hughes Electronics Corp. – were later successfully prosecuted by the federal government for violations of U.S. export control law, resulting in the two largest fines in the history of the Arms Export Control Act. Loral paid a $14 million fine in 2002, and Hughes paid a $32 million fine in 2003.

Timeline

 * June 1995, "Walk-in" agent gives CIA officers classified Chinese document detailing American nuclear designs.
 * July 1995, CIA director, Energy Secretary, and chief of staff learn of nuclear espionage for first time.
 * October 31, 1995, FBI agents learn of nuclear thefts.
 * November 1995, National Security Advisor to the President learns of Chinese nuclear espionage.
 * Late 1995, Energy Dept. agents discover theft of nuclear designs while analyzing nuclear tests by China.
 * April 1996, Assist. National Security Advisor, Defense Sec., Attorney General, FBI director learn of nuclear thefts.
 * July 1997, President learns of Chinese nuclear espionage from National Security Advisor.
 * December 1999, four Stanford University professors release a report rebutting the Cox Commission, noting that "...facts are wrong and a number of conclusions are, in our view, unwarranted."

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cox Report


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User:Wiki is FREE

This genius user is also known as User:Wingdings. Based on his knowledge of Wiki markup, he is probably a sock puppet of an existing user.

His accomplishments include creating Goatsefication, nominating it on WP:FAC and moving Votes for deletion to NONO.

However, I do have to complement him on his sense of humor. -Cow

title: User:Wiki is FREE


text: Template:Administrative levels and divisions of China sidebar


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VC-7

VC-7 Tallyhoers was an aircraft squadron of the United States Navy. It was located at Naval Air Station Miramar from 1964 to 1980. Its primary function was to help train aviators in attacking and shooting down enemy aircraft. VC-7 was established as VJ-1 on 4 December 1942. In 1946 it was redesignated VU-7, and on 2 July 1965 to VC-7. The Squadron was disestablished on 30 September 1980.

VC-7 aircraft towed targets and engaged trainee pilots in aerial dogfights.

title: VC-7


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Category:Boxing matches

Articles about individual boxing matches

title: Category:Boxing matches


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Denison University

Denison University is a private liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio. One of the earliest colleges established in the former Northwest Territory, Denison University was founded in 1831. It was first called the Granville Literary and Theological Institution, later took the name Granville College, and, in the mid-1850s, was renamed Denison University, in honor of a key benefactor. The college enrolled 2,300 students in Fall 2023 and students choose from 65 academic programs.

The college's intercollegiate athletic teams compete in the North Coast Athletic Conference, fielding 26 varsity teams in the NCAA Division III. Denison is a member of the Five Colleges of Ohio and the Great Lakes Colleges Association.

History
On December 13, 1831, John Pratt, the college's first president and a graduate of Brown University, inaugurated classes at the Granville Literary and Theological Institution. Situated on a 200 acre farm south of the village of Granville; it was the second Baptist college west of the Allegheny mountains after Georgetown College, which was founded in 1829. While rooted in theological education, the institution offered students the same literary and scientific instruction common to other colleges of the day. The first term included 37 students, 27 of whom hailed from Granville; nearly half of these students were under fifteen years of age. The school's first Commencement, which graduated three classics majors, was held in 1840.

In 1845, the institution, which at this point was male-only, officially changed its name to Granville College. In 1853, William S. Denison, a Muskingum County farmer, pledged $10,000 toward the college's endowment. Honoring an earlier commitment, the trustees accordingly changed the name of the institution to Denison University. They also voted to move the college to land then available for purchase in the village of Granville.

In the years leading up to the Civil War, many students and faculty members at Denison University became deeply involved in the anti-slavery movement. Asa Drury, the chair of Greek and Latin studies, became the leader of a local anti-slavery society. Bancroft House, now a residential hall, served as a stop on the Underground Railroad for refugee slaves.

The roots of coeducation at Denison University began in 1832 with the establishment of the Granville Female Seminary, founded a year before Oberlin College launched the first coeducational college in the United States. The seminary was superseded by the Young Ladies' Institute, founded in 1859. The Young Ladies' Institute was renamed Shepardson College for Women in 1886. Shepardson College was fully incorporated into Denison University after a transitional phase in 1927.

In 1887, Denison inaugurated a master's program, with resident graduates pursuing advanced studies in the sciences. In 1926, the board of trustees formalized a new curriculum that made Denison University an exclusively undergraduate institution.

In the wake of Shepardson College's incorporation, Denison University enlarged its campus. In 1916, the college hired the Frederick Law Olmsted & Sons architectural firm. The resulting "Olmsted Plan" laid a foundation for expansion that has remained the guiding aesthetic for subsequent growth. Expansion during this period included the acquisition of land to the north and east, the relocation of Shepardson College to the east ridge of College Hill, and the development of a new men's quadrangle beyond the library.

While the college's origins were rooted in theological education, Denison University has been a non-sectarian institution since the 1960s. By 2005, the college reached its present size of approximately 2,250 students.

Presidents

 * 1) John Pratt (1831–1837)
 * 2) Jonathan Going (1837–1844)
 * 3) Silas Bailey (1846–1852)
 * 4) Jeremiah Hall (1853–1863)
 * 5) Samson Talbot (1863–1873)
 * 6) Elisha Andrews (1875–1879)
 * 7) Alfred Owen (1879–1886)
 * 8) Galusha Anderson (1887–1889)
 * 9) Daniel B. Purinton (1890–1901)
 * 10) Emory W. Hunt (1901–1912)
 * 11) Clark W. Chamberlain (1913–1925)
 * 12) Avery A. Shaw (1927–1940)
 * 13) Kenneth I. Brown (1940–1950)
 * 14) A. Blair Knapp (1951–1968)
 * 15) Joel P. Smith (1969–1976)
 * 16) Robert C. Good (1976–1984)
 * 17) Andrew G. De Rocco (1984–1988)
 * 18) Michele Tolela Myers (1989–1998)
 * 19) Dale T. Knobel (1998–2013)
 * 20) Adam S. Weinberg (2013–)

Campus

The campus size is about 1,100 acre. This includes a 400 acre biological reserve just east of campus, where professors of sciences, such as geology and biology, can hold class. The Denison Golf Club at Granville, an 18-hole course designed by Donald Ross, is just 0.4 mile from the academic campus and was donated to the university in 2014. In 2013, the university purchased and renovated the historic Granville Inn.

The first building in the "Greater Denison" plan, Swasey Chapel, was built at the center of the campus. The chapel seats 990 and plays host to notable campus events such as baccalaureate services, lectures, concerts, and academic award convocations.

There are 18 academic buildings on campus. Doane Administration Building, one of the oldest buildings on campus, and Burton Morgan are also on academic quad (spill-over academic building), but they serve administrative purposes. The Bryant Arts Center opened in August 2009. Also on the fine arts quad is Doane Dance Building, Burton Music, Cinema MIX Lab, Burke Performance and Recital Hall, and the Michael D. Eisner Center for the Performing Arts, completed in 2019.

Doane Library today houses more than 500,000 books and bound periodicals.

Swasey Observatory, which opened in June 1910, houses a 9-inch refracting telescope as well as two 8-inch reflecting telescopes. The campus landscape was designed by the Olmsted Brothers firm. "Greater Denison" was designed based on a layout of quadrangles throughout upper campus, designed to mirror the building functions. This was envisioned to help foster a sense of community among campus groups.

Students
As of the 2023–24 school year, 2,300 students are enrolled at Denison, with a gender distribution of 49 percent male students and 51 percent female students. They come from all 50 states, Washington, DC; and 79 countries, with 78% from out-of-state. A full-time faculty of 292 professors makes the student-to-faculty ratio 9:1.

13% of students are first-generation college students, and 37% are multicultural students. Denison was cited by The New York Times in 2014 as one of America's "Most Economically Diverse Top Colleges." In that list, Denison is ranked at No. 11 in the list of the nation's top colleges and universities.

With an endowment stated to over $1 billion in 2023, the endowment per student is over $400,000. While the university will "meet 100% of all demonstrated need", the annual cost of attending is $83,400 for the 2024–2025 academic year. Denison awards nearly $70 million in financial aid each year.

Academics
Denison's most popular majors, by 2021 graduates, were:
 * Econometrics & Quantitative Economics (66)
 * Biology/Biological Sciences (55)
 * Mass Communication/Media Studies (38)
 * International Business/Trade/Commerce	(29)
 * Management Science (27)
 * Research & Experimental Psychology (27)

Admissions
Denison University is one of the few universities that guarantees to meet the financial needs of all admitted students (including international students). The university is need-blind for domestic applicants.

In the admission season for fall 2023 entry, there were more than 14,500 applicants, with 17% of the applicant pool receiving offers to become members of the Class of 2027. Recent trends show an expanding interest from international student populations, with application submissions increasing from 2,447 in 2019 to 3,255 in 2021. Enrollment among international students has also increased during this period, from 97 newly enrolled international students to 131 over the three-year span. Among freshman students who committed enrolling in Fall 2021, composite SAT scores for the middle 50% ranged from 1330 to 1550, while composite ACT scores for the middle 50% ranged from 30 to 35. Denison practices test-optional admissions. Consequently, the SAT and ACT information reported is not based on the entire student body and instead reflects the middle 50% of only those students who opted to provide their test scores. In Fall 2021, 76% of enrolled freshmen were in the top 10% of their high school classes. U.S. News & World Report categorizes Denison as "most selective". Roughly 15 percent of the incoming class are admitted through athlete recruits. Denison University implements the holistic review admissions process. In addition to the standard results, extracurricular activities, awards, honors, character, community contributions, enthusiasm, specialties, etc. are criteria that are factored into the application process.

In January 2021, Denison University announced it has been selected as a QuestBridge partner college, becoming one of 48 universities in the country to be part of the program.

Rankings
Denison was ranked 39th in U.S. liberal arts colleges and 9th for “Most Innovative Schools” by the U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking. The college also received an “A” overall grade from Niche, who also placed them as the 2nd best liberal arts college in Ohio. Denison's websites states they were ranked 43rd in “Smartest Liberal Arts Colleges in America” by Business Insider.

Student life

Denison is a strictly residential campus that features a mixture of historic and contemporary buildings. The Homestead at Denison University is a non-traditional housing option.

Student organizations and involvement

Denison University is home to over 160 campus organizations with more than 600 students in leadership positions.

The Denison Campus Governance Association (DCGA) is the Denison student governing body, in which all students are members. The DCGA Student Senate is the primary representative body of students on Denison's campus, and it has been involved in various student initiatives: from postponing quiet hours in the fall of 2007 to drafting the Code of Academic Integrity adopted in the fall of 2009 to encouraging the University President to sign onto the Presidents' Climate Commitment.

Denison Community Association (DCA) is student-led and operated umbrella organization for student service committees. In 2015, 86% of students participated in community service.

Founded in 1857, The Denisonian is the student-run newspaper and oldest student organization on campus and prints ten issues per semester as well as online at denisonian.com.

The Bullsheet is a student-run publication for news, humor and community dialog that is printed daily and delivered to campus buildings. It was founded in 1979 to combat student apathy, and it remains central to campus culture by providing an open forum for free speech.

Fraternity and sorority life
There are 19 nationally recognized fraternal organization on campus, governed by four councils. As of 2023, 35% of students join a fraternity or sorority.

Traditions and folklore
D-Day, the successor to the college's old Scrap Day, is a celebration of the entire college, put on once a year by the University Programming Council (UPC).

Kirtley Mather, Class of 1909, named the tallest peak in Alaska's Aleutian Peninsula "Mt. Denison." In 1978, a group of students, professors, and alumni successfully scaled the mountain—a feat repeated nearly 20 years later by another Denison group.

Denison has one of the few remaining college cemeteries.

Arts
Students can major or minor in theatre, music, visual art, studio art, art history, dance, or cinema. Denison also hosts a variety of annual festivals and series including The Vail Series, The Beck Series, The Tutti Festival, and The Bluegrass Festival.

The Vail Series began in 1979 as the result of a financial gift from Mary and Foster McGaw in honor of Jeanne Vail, class of 1946. Michael Morris, who previously worked as the executive director of the Midland Theatre, Newark, Ohio, was appointed to be the director of the program in 2014. According to an article by the Newark Advocate, The Vail Series is an "acclaimed visiting artist program" where artists are encouraged to both perform and interact with students. Tickets to the Vail Series are free to students. Former performers include Yo-Yo Ma, Itzhak Perlman, Renée Fleming, Wynton Marsalis, Jessye Norman, and Chris Thile and Edgar Meyer among others. In 2014, the university announced that ETHEL will become their first ensemble-in-residence. They performed their multimedia concert "Documerica" on campus during the spring of 2016 and received honorary degrees from the college at the commencement ceremony in 2017. The Beck Series is associated with the creative writing program at Denison, and it brings a variety of authors to campus to read their work and interact with students. Former visitors include Pulitzer Prize winner Eudora Welty, National Book Award winner Alice Walker, Playwright and Oscar-winning screenwriter Tom Stoppard, Orange is the New Black author, Piper Kerman, and W. S. Merwin among others.

The Tutti Festival is a semi-annual festival that features original works of music, art, dance, poetry, fine arts, and theater by professors, students, and visiting artists.

The college hosts an annual free Bluegrass Festival. This weekend-long celebration includes multiple concerts, instrument workshops, and jam sessions.

The campus radio station, WDUB a.k.a. The Doobie, features 24-hour programming and broadcasts both online at www.doobieradio.com. The station was notably featured in American Eagle stores across the country through the summer of 2009. The Doobie was also ranked by The Princeton Review as one of the best college radio stations in the nation.

In 2016, Denison renovated and opened the Denison Art Space in Newark as part of the Thirty-One West development in Downtown Newark.

Construction began in 2017 on the Michael D. Eisner Center for the Performing Arts, named for former CEO of The Walt Disney Company, Michael Eisner, who graduated from Denison in 1964. When completed, the building will house the departments of music, dance, and theatre, as well as multi-disciplinary performance and rehearsal spaces.

Athletics
Denison is a member of the NCAA Division III and the North Coast Athletic Conference (NCAC) since the conference's formation in 1984. As a part of the 10-member conference Denison boasts a league-record 11 Dennis M. Collins Awards which is given to the NCAC school that performs best across the conference's 23 sponsored sports: 11 for men and 12 for women. Denison additionally has 45 club and intramural sports. Denison won nine consecutive All-Sports Awards between 1997–1998 and 2005–2006. Denison's remaining two awards were earned in 1985–86 and 2008–2009.

In 2001, the Denison Women's Swimming and Diving team captured the school's first NCAA Division III national championship by breaking Kenyon College’s streak of 17-consecutive national championships. Following this, the Denison Men's Swimming and Diving team defeated Kenyon to capture the 2011 NCAA National Title by 1 point ending the Lords' 31-year streak of championships. Denison men won the national title in 2015–2016 and in 2017–2018.

In both men's and women's swimming and diving, Denison has posted 47 consecutive top-10 finishes at the NCAA Division III championships. During that span, Denison has placed either second or third, nationally, 26 times.

Denison alumnus Woody Hayes (Class of ’35) spent three seasons as the head football coach at Denison (1946–48). In 1947 and 1948 he guided the Big Red to undefeated seasons.

In 1954, Keith Piper took over as the head football coach, a position he would remain in for 39 seasons. Piper won a school record, 200 games and in 1985 he guided the program to their first 10–0 season with his antique single-wing offense. Denison qualified for the NCAA Division III playoffs that season before falling to Mt. Union in the opening round.

Women's basketball at Denison has emerged as a national contender under head coach Sara Lee. Denison's 2010–11 squad completed the first 28–0 regular season in women's basketball in the NCAC and have advanced to the NCAA Division III Tournament for the seventh time in school history and their sixth time out of the last seven seasons.

The Denison men's and women's lacrosse programs have had their share of conference and national success. The two programs have combined for 28 NCAA Division III tournament berths. In 1999 and 2001 the Denison men's lacrosse team advances to the semifinal (Final 4) of the NCAA Division III Tournament [10] and most recently, in 2009, the Big Red advanced to the national quarterfinals of the NCAC Tournament before falling to Gettysburg.

In 2008, the Denison women's tennis team advanced to the NCAA semifinals, eventually winning the consolation match to place third overall, marking the program's best national finish. That same year the doubles team of sophomore Marta Drane and freshman Kristen Cobb advanced to the championship match of the Division III Doubles championship before falling to Brittany Berckes and Alicia Menezes of Amherst in the finals.

The Denison women's soccer team advanced to the NCAA quarterfinals for the second time in school history in 2010. The previous appearance occurred in 2005. Overall the program has qualified for the NCAA Tournament 14 times.

In 2019, Denison was one of the first NCAA universities to participate in the organization's LGBTQ OneTeam Program, which launched in fall 2019.

Denison boasts 49 NCAA postgraduate scholars and 87 Academic All-Americans.

Career center
In the spring of 2016, Denison University announced that the Austin E. Knowlton Foundation pledged $9.3 million towards the Center for Career Exploration, now known as The Austin E. Knowlton Center for Career Exploration. In 2017, the Knowlton Center was honored by the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) when President Adam Weinberg was given the Career Services Champion Award.

The Knowlton Center provides programs beginning in a student's first year to prepare them for life after college including job and graduate school search assistance, career exploration, alumni mentoring, "first look" trips, and internship assistance. The center also provides internship funding to students on an application basis, ranging from $100-$4,000 to offset costs incurred during an internship.

Denison University is one of the eight members of the CLIMB internship program, an internship program in Denver that partners with Denison, Harvard, Middlebury, M.I.T., Northwestern, Stanford, Wesleyan, and Yale.

Notable faculty and alumni
Denison alumni include scholars (such as the former president of Princeton University William G. Bowen), Hollywood actors and actresses, entrepreneurs, presidents and executives of Fortune 500 companies.

Among the faculty, its current economics professor Sohrab Behdad founded the Economics Department of the University of Tehran, and the former professor William Rainey Harper served as the first president of The University of Chicago.

Faculty

 * David Baker (1984–)
 * Paul Alfred Biefeld (1911–1943)
 * Theodore Burczak (1995–)
 * Andy Carlson (1999–2018)
 * Asa Drury (1834–1836)
 * Peter Grandbois (2010–)
 * William Rainey Harper (1876–1878)
 * Anthony J. Lisska (1969–2022)
 * Kirtley Fletcher Mather (1918–1924)
 * Margot Singer (2005–)

Alumni
Notable alumni include actors Steve Carell, Hal Holbrook, and Jennifer Garner; SNL comedian Alex Moffat; entertainer John Davidson; Hall of Fame college football coach Woody Hayes; ESPN president George Bodenheimer; Turner Broadcasting System Senior Vice President James Anderson; drag queen and LGBT activist Nina West, former member of Turkish Parliament and current consultant to The Coca-Cola Company Mehmet Cem Kozluformer; United States Senator Richard Lugar; Indy car racer Bobby Rahal; playwright Jeffrey Hatcher; artist Ned Bittinger; author Pam Houston, James Frey; former Disney Chairman and CEO Michael Eisner; American criminologist and father of "evidence-based policing" Lawrence Sherman; former Ohio Attorney General Jim Petro; former Princeton University President William Bowen; professor of religion at Goucher College and theologian at the Washington National Cathedral Kelly Brown Douglas; Randolph Marshall Hollerith, Dean of the Washington National Cathedral.

title: Denison University


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Manuel Orantes

Manuel Orantes Corral (born 6 February 1949) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. He won the US Open men's singles title in 1975, beating the defending champion Jimmy Connors in the final. Orantes reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 2.

Career
On 7 September 1975 Orantes defeated top-seeded Jimmy Connors in the final of the US Open at Forest Hills, New York to win his only Grand Slam title. A year earlier, he was runner-up to Björn Borg in the final of the French Open, taking a two-set lead before Borg won the last three sets, losing just two games in total.

Overall, he won 36 singles titles, including Rome (1972), Hamburg (1972 & 1975), Canada (1975), Monte Carlo (1975), the U.S. Claycourt Championships (1973, 1975 & 1977), the U.S. Pro in Boston (1977 & 1978) and the Masters in 1976. He also reached 35 finals, including the French Open (1974), Cincinnati (1973), Monte Carlo (1970), Canada (1973 & 1974), Rome (1973 & 1975), and Hamburg (1976 & 1977).

Orantes was a stalwart member of the Spanish Davis Cup team from 1967 to 1980, earning a record of 60–27 in Davis Cup match play. He also was a member of the Spanish team which won the inaugural World Team Cup in 1978.

He also won 22 doubles titles in his career, including Hamburg in 1975 and Canada in 1974. He reached 20 doubles finals, including the French Open in 1978, Canada in 1976, and Hamburg in 1973.

Orantes was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 2012.

Singles: 74 (36 titles, 38 runner-ups)

 * Madrid 1968 and 1969 not listed by ATP.

title: Manuel Orantes


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Guillermo Vilas

Guillermo Vilas (born 17 August 1952) is an Argentine former professional tennis player. Vilas was the world No. 1 of the Grand Prix seasons in 1974, 1975 and 1977. He won four major titles, the year-end championships. He won 62 singles titles and 16 doubles titles during his career on the ATP tour. World Tennis, Agence France-Presse and Livre d'or du tennis 1977 (Christian Collin-Bernard Ficot), among other rankings and publications, rated him as world No. 1 in 1977. In the computerized ATP rankings, he peaked at No. 2 in April 1975, a position he held for a total of 83 weeks, although some have argued that Vilas should have been ranked No. 1 for at least 10 weeks, particularly in 1977 when he won 2 majors. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1991, two years after his first retirement.

Vilas is known for his prowess on clay courts. He won over 650 matches on clay, which is an all-time record. His peak was the 1977 season during which he won 16 ATP singles titles, including two majors (both on clay) and had a 53 winning streak on clay, which was the longest in the Open Era at his time. In 2016, The Daily Telegraph ranked him as the 3rd best male clay-court player of all time, behind Rafael Nadal and Björn Borg. In 2018, Steve Tignor for Tennis Magazine ranked him as the 16th greatest tennis player of the Open Era.

Historical and statistical studies presented in 2015 by Argentinian journalist Eduardo Puppo and Romanian mathematician Marian Ciulpan concluded that Vilas should have been No. 1 in the old ATP ranking system for seven weeks between 1975 and 1976. The ATP and its chief executive at that time, Chris Kermode, although not refuting the data, decided not to officially recognize Vilas as No. 1. The controversy is still in the legal stage. In October 2020, Netflix released a documentary film about Vilas's case titled Guillermo Vilas: Settling the Score.

Career
Raised in the seaside resort of Mar del Plata, Vilas was a left-hander and played his first tour event in 1968. He was in the year-ending top ten from 1974 through 1982. He was a clay-court specialist and played well on hard-court, grass, and carpet surfaces.

He won four Grand Slam titles: the 1977 French Open and the 1977 US Open (both played on clay) and the 1978 and 1979 Australian Open (both played on grass). He was also the runner-up at the French Open three times (1975, 1978, and 1982) and at the Australian Open once (January 1977).

In 1974, he won the year-end Masters Grand Prix title. In addition, he won seven Grand Prix Super Series titles (1975–80), the precursors to the current Masters 1000.

Best year
A left-handed baseliner, Vilas's best year on tour was 1977 when he won 16 singles titles, including two of the four major Grand Slam singles tournaments and 16 of the 31 Association of Tennis Professionals tournaments he entered. His playing record for 1977 was 130 wins against 15 losses (89.65%). Not including the Masters year-end championship, he won 72 of his last 73 ATP matches in 1977. The highest point during this run was winning the last US Open played at Forest Hills against Jimmy Connors 2–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–4), 6–0 in a match where Vilas surprised his American rival by attacking the net.

Winning streak
In 1977 he won seven consecutive titles after Wimbledon—Kitzbühel (clay), Washington (clay), Louisville (clay), South Orange (clay), Columbus (clay), US Open (clay) and Paris (clay)—and set up a 46-match all-surface winning streak. He also had a record 53-match winning streak on clay courts, which stood until surpassed by Rafael Nadal in 2006. Both his winning streaks were terminated in October 1977 by Ilie Năstase in the final of the Raquette d'Or tournament. In that best-of-five-set final, Vilas dropped the first two sets by 6–1, 7–5 and then retired in protest of Năstase's use of a spaghetti racquet. (The ITF had voted to ban the racquet, but the ban did not take effect until the day after the match). After that he won a further 28 matches in a row with titles at Tehran, Bogotá, Santiago, Buenos Aires (all on clay), and Johannesburg (hard). That run was ended in the Masters semi-finals by Björn Borg.

ATP ranking No. 1 controversy
Even though he won 21 singles titles including 16 ATP titles that season, including the French Open and the US Open and was the runner-up at the January edition of the Australian Open in 1977, Vilas was never ranked by the ATP as world No. 1 during 1977 which was due to the fact that the rankings at the time were based on the average of a player's results. He was instead ranked year-end world No. 2, behind Jimmy Connors who won 8 singles titles only (including the Masters Grand Prix and did not win any of the 4 Grand Slam titles, but was the runner-up at Wimbledon and the US Open in 1977). Nevertheless, Vilas was rated number one by World Tennis, France Presse, Tennis de France, Le Livre d'or du Tennis, Gene Scott, Peter Bodo, Christian Quidet, and Michael Sutter. The International Tennis Hall of Fame inscription for Vilas stated "it was generally considered Vilas was the real No. 1 for 1977". Vilas was also rated number one by Bud Collins and John Barrett by the 2010s.

Argentine journalist Eduardo Puppo and Romanian mathematician Marian Ciulpan investigated the 1973–78 period records, and delivered a detailed report with more than 1,200 pages in which they came to the conclusion that Vilas should have been ranked No. 1 for five weeks in 1975 as well as during the first two weeks of 1976 and handed over their research to the ATP at the end of 2014. Although the study was not refuted, in May 2015 the ATP announced it had decided not to make official the No. 1 position for Vilas because it happened in the interval between the publications of the official rankings.

In October 2020, Netflix released a documentary about the controversy titled Guillermo Vilas: Settling the Score. It also covered (briefly) Evonne Goolagong's recognition as world no. 1 (for two weeks in 1976) retroactively by the WTA in 2007.

Retirement
Vilas retired from the ATP Tour in 1989 but still played on the ATP Challenger Series until 1992. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1991. Vilas was in the stands at Flushing Meadows to cheer on his countryman, Juan Martín del Potro, who beat Roger Federer in an upset in the 2009 US Open final.

Family
Vilas married Phiangphathu Khumueang from Thailand in 2005. They have three daughters and one son. They reside in Monaco. He is reportedly suffering from a form of dementia.

Distinctions

 * Won the Grand Prix circuit in 1974, 1975, and 1977.
 * World Tennis Magazine, France Presse, Michel Sutter and Christian Quidet, among others, ranked him as No. 1 Tennis Player of the Year in 1977.
 * Held the Open Era male record for the longest winning streak on clay courts at 53 matches, set in 1977, until it was bettered by Rafael Nadal in 2006. Nadal later extended this to 81 matches.
 * Won 62 ATP singles titles (eighth highest during the Open Era) and was the runner-up in 40 singles tournaments (plus two unfinished finals). Won 16 doubles titles with other 10 doubles finals.
 * He took Argentina to its first-ever Davis Cup final in 1981 (lost to the United States), together with José Luis Clerc, who was also a top-ten player. The Argentine press often referred to the tensions between the two of them, which even reverberated to the 2004 French Open awards ceremony, in which Vilas presented Gastón Gaudio with his trophy over Clerc's objections.
 * Vilas's success on the court led to a surge in popularity of tennis in Argentina and throughout Latin America. Guillermo Cañas and Guillermo Coria were named after him.
 * In 2005, TENNIS Magazine put Vilas in 24th place (15th male) on its list of the 40 Greatest Players of the Tennis Open Era, men and women included.

Records

 * These records were attained in Open Era of tennis.
 * ^ Denotes consecutive streak.

title: Guillermo Vilas


text:
Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty

The Gurjara-Pratihara was a dynasty that ruled much of Northern India from the mid-8th to the 11th century. They ruled first at Ujjain and later at Kannauj.

The Gurjara-Pratiharas were instrumental in containing Arab armies moving east of the Indus River. Nagabhata I defeated the Arab army under Junaid and Tamin in the Caliphate campaigns in India. Under Nagabhata II, the Gurjara-Pratiharas became the most powerful dynasty in northern India. He was succeeded by his son Ramabhadra, who ruled briefly before being succeeded by his son, Mihira Bhoja. Under Bhoja and his successor Mahendrapala I, the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty reached its peak of prosperity and power. By the time of Mahendrapala, the extent of its territory rivalled that of the Gupta Empire stretching from the border of Sindh in the west to Bengal in the east and from the Himalayas in the north to areas past the Narmada in the south. The expansion triggered a tripartite power struggle with the Rashtrakuta and Pala empires for control of the Indian subcontinent. During this period, Imperial Pratihara took the title of Maharajadhiraja of Āryāvarta (Great King of Kings of Aryan Lands).

Gurjara-Pratihara are known for their sculptures, carved panels and open pavilion style temples. The greatest development of their style of temple building was at Khajuraho, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The power of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty was weakened by dynastic strife. It was further diminished as a result of a great raid led by the Rashtrakuta ruler Indra III who, in about 916, sacked Kannauj. Under a succession of rather obscure rulers, the dynasty never regained its former influence. Their feudatories became more and more powerful, one by one throwing off their allegiance until, by the end of the tenth century, the dynasty controlled little more than the Gangetic Doab. Their last important king, Rajyapala, was driven from Kannauj by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1018.

Etymology and origin
The origin of the dynasty and the meaning of the term "Gurjara" in its name is a topic of debate among historians. The rulers of this dynasty used the self-designation "Pratihara" for their clan, and never referred to themselves as Gurjaras. They claimed descent from the legendary hero Lakshmana, who is said to have acted as a pratihara ("door-keeper") for his brother Rama.

Multiple inscriptions of their neighbouring dynasties describe the Pratiharas as "Gurjara". The term "Gurjara-Pratihara" occurs only in the Rajor inscription of a feudatory ruler named Mathanadeva, who describes himself as a "Gurjara-Pratihara". According to one school of thought, Gurjara was the name of the territory (see Gurjara-desha) originally ruled by the Pratiharas; gradually, the term came to denote the people of this territory. An opposing theory is that Gurjara was the name of the tribe to which the dynasty belonged, and Pratihara was a clan of this tribe.

Among those who believe that the term Gurjara was originally a tribal designation, there are disagreements over whether they were native Indians or foreigners. The proponents of the foreign origin theory point out that the Gurjara-Pratiharas suddenly emerged as a political power in north India around sixth century CE, shortly after the Hunas invasion of that region. According to them Gujara-Pratihara were "likely" formed from a fusion of the Alchon Huns ("White Huns") and native Indian elements, and can probably be considered as a Hunnic state, although its precise origins remain unclear. Critics of the foreign origin theory argue that there is no conclusive evidence of their foreign origin: they were well-assimilated in the Indian culture. Moreover, if they invaded India through the north-west, it is inexplicable why would they choose to settle in the semi-arid area of present-day Rajasthan, rather than the fertile Indo-Gangetic Plain.

According to the Agnivansha legend given in the later manuscripts of Prithviraj Raso, the Pratiharas, Parmar, Chauhan and Chalukya dynasties originated from a sacrificial fire-pit (agnikunda) at Mount Abu. Some colonial-era historians interpreted this myth to suggest a foreign origin for these dynasties. According to this theory, the foreigners were admitted in the Hindu caste system after performing a fire ritual. However, this legend is not found in the earliest available copies of Prithviraj Raso. It is based on a Paramara legend; the 16th century Rajput bards claim heroic descent of clans in order to foster Rajput unity against the Mughals.

History
The original centre of Pratihara power is a matter of controversy. R. C. Majumdar, on the basis of a verse in the Harivamsha-Purana, 783 CE, the interpretation of which he conceded was not free from difficulty, held that Vatsaraja ruled at Ujjain. Dasharatha Sharma, interpreting it differently located the original capital in the Bhinmala Jalor area. M. W. Meister and Shanta Rani Sharma concur with his conclusion in view of the fact that the writer of the Jaina narrative Kuvalayamala states that it was composed at Jalor in the time of Vatsaraja in 778 CE, which is five years before the composition of Harivamsha-Purana.

Early rulers
Nagabhata I (739–760), was originally perhaps a feudatory of the Chavdas of Bhillamala. He gained prominence after the downfall of the Chavda kingdom in the course of resisting the invading forces led by the Arabs who controlled Sindh. Nagabhata Pratihara I (730–756) later extended his control east and south from Mandor, conquering Malwa as far as Gwalior and the port of Bharuch in Gujarat. He established his capital at Avanti in Malwa, and checked the expansion of the Arabs, who had established themselves in Sind. In this battle (738 CE), Nagabhata led a confederacy of Pratiharas to defeat the Muslim Arabs who had till then been pressing on victorious through West Asia and Iran. An inscription by Mihira Bhoja ascribes Nagabhata with having appeared like Vishnu "in response to the prayers of the oppressed people to crush the large armies of the powerful Mleccha ruler, the destroyer of virtue". Nagabhata I was followed by two weak successors, his nephews Devraj and Kakkuka, who were in turn succeeded by Vatsraja (775–805).

Resistance to the Caliphate
In the Gwalior inscription, it is recorded that Gurjara-Pratihara emperor Nagabhata "crushed the large army of the powerful Mlechcha king." This large army consisted of cavalry, infantry, siege artillery, and probably a force of camels. Since Tamin was a new governor he had a force of Syrian cavalry from Damascus, local Arab contingents, converted Hindus of Sindh, and foreign mercenaries like the Turkics. All together the invading army may have had anywhere between 10 and 15,000 cavalry, 5000 infantry, and 2000 camels.

The Arab chronicler Sulaiman describes the army of the Pratiharas as it stood in 851 CE, "The ruler of Gurjara maintains numerous forces and no other Indian prince has so fine a cavalry. He is unfriendly to the Arabs, still he acknowledges that the king of the Arabs is the greatest of rulers. Among the princes of India there is no greater foe of the Islamic faith than he. He has got riches, and his camels and horses are numerous."

Conquest of Kannauj and further expansion
After bringing much of Rajasthan under his control, Vatsaraja embarked to become "master of all the land lying between the two seas." Contemporary Jijasena's Harivamsha Purana describes him as "master of western quarter".

According to the Radhanpur Plate and Prithviraja Vijaya, Vatsaraja led an expedition against the Palas under Dharmapala of Bengal As such, the Palas came into conflict from time to time with the Imperial Pratiharas. According to the above inscription Dharmapala, was deprived of his two white Royal Umbrellas, and fled, followed by the Pratihara forces under general Durlabharaja Chauhan of Shakambhari. The Prithviraja Vijaya mentions Durlabhraj I as having "washed his sword at the confluence of the river Ganga and the ocean, and savouring the land of the Gaudas". The Baroda Inscription (AD 812) states Nagabhata defeated the Dharmapala. Through vigorous campaigning, Vatsraj had extended his dominions to include a large part of northern India, from the Thar Desert in the west up to the frontiers of Bengal in the east.

The metropolis of Kannauj had suffered a power vacuum following the death of Harsha without an heir, which resulted in the disintegration of the Empire of Harsha. This space was eventually filled by Yashovarman around a century later but his position was dependent upon an alliance with Lalitaditya Muktapida. When Muktapida undermined Yashovarman, a tri-partite struggle for control of the city developed, involving the Pratiharas, whose territory was at that time to the west and north, the Palas of Bengal in the east and the Rashtrakutas, whose base lay at the south in the Deccan. Vatsaraja successfully challenged and defeated the Pala ruler Dharmapala and Dantidurga, the Rashtrakuta king, for control of Kannauj.

Around 786, the Rashtrakuta ruler Dhruva (c. 780–793) crossed the Narmada River into Malwa, and from there tried to capture Kannauj. Vatsraja was defeated by the Dhruva Dharavarsha of the Rashtrakuta dynasty around 800. Vatsaraja was succeeded by Nagabhata II (805–833), who was initially defeated by the Rashtrakuta ruler Govinda III (793–814), but later recovered Malwa from the Rashtrakutas, conquered Kannauj and the Indo-Gangetic Plain as far as Bihar from the Palas, and again checked the Muslims in the west. He rebuilt the great Shiva temple at Somnath in Gujarat, which had been demolished in an Arab raid from Sindh. Kannauj became the center of the Gurjara-Pratihara state, which covered much of northern India during the peak of their power, c. 836–910.

Mihira Bhoja
Mihira Bhoja first consolidated his territories by crushing the rebellious feudatories in Rajasthan, before turning his attention against the old enemies, the Palas and Rastrakutas. The Palas of Bengal, ruled by King Devapala (c. 810–850), were reputed to have: "Eradicated the race of the Utkalas, humbled the pride of the Hunas and scattered the conceit of the Dravidas and Pratiharas."

When Mihira Bhoja started his career reverses and defeats suffered by his father Ramabhadra had considerably lowered the prestige of the Royal Pratihara family. He invaded the Pala Empire of Bengal, but was defeated by Devapala

He then launched a campaign to conquer the territories to the south of his empire and was successful, Malwa, Deccan and Gujarat were conquered. In Gujarat he Stepped into a war of succession for the throne of Gujarat between Dhruva II of the Gujarat Rashtrakuta dynasty and his younger brother, Bhoja led a cavalry raid into Gujarat against the Dhruva while supporting his Dhruva's younger brother. Although the raid was repulsed by Dhruva II. Bhoja I was able to retain dominion over parts of Gujarat and Malwa. The Pratiharas were defeated in a large battle in Ujjain by the Rastrakutas of Gujarat. However, retribution followed on the part of the Pratiharas, by the end of his reign, Bhoja had successfully destroyed the Gujarat Rashtrakuta dynasty.

Bhoja's feudatory, the Guhilas chief named Harsha of Chatsu, is described as : "'defeating the northern rulers with the help of the mighty elephant force', and 'loyally presenting to Bhoja the special 'Shrivamsha' breed of horses, which could easily cross seas of sand.'" He gradually rebuilt the empire by conquest of territories in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. Besides being a conqueror, Bhoja was a great diplomat. The Kingdoms which were conquered and acknowledged his Suzerainty includes Travani, Valla, Mada, Arya, Gujaratra, Lata Parvarta and Chandelas of Bundelkhand. Bhoja's Daulatpura-Dausa Inscription(AD 843), confirms his rule in Dausa region. Another inscription states that,"Bhoja's territories extended to the east of the Sutlej river." Kalhana's Rajatarangini states that the territories of Bhoja extended to Kashmir in the north, and bhoja had conquered Punjab by defeating ruling 'Thakkiyaka' dynasty.

After Devapala's death, Bhoja defeated the Pala King Narayanapala and expanded his boundaries eastward into Pala-held territories near Gorakhpur.

Hudud-ul-Alam a tenth century Persian geographic text states that most of the kings of India acknowledged the supremacy of the powerful 'Rai of Qinnauj', (kannauj was the capital of Imperial Pratiharas) whose mighty army had 150,000 strong cavalry and 800 war elephants.

His son Mahenderpal I (890–910), expanded further eastwards in Magadha, Bengal and Assam.

Decline
Bhoja II (910–912) was overthrown by Mahipala I (912–944). Several feudatories of the empire took advantage of the temporary weakness of the Gurjara-Pratiharas to declare their independence, notably the Paramaras of Malwa, the Chandelas of Bundelkhand, the Kalachuris of Mahakoshal, the Tomaras of Haryana, and the Chahamanas of Shakambhari. The south Indian Emperor Indra III (c. 914–928) of the Rashtrakuta dynasty briefly captured Kannauj in 916, and although the Pratiharas regained the city, their position continued to weaken in the tenth century, partly as a result of the drain of simultaneously fighting off Turkic attacks from the west, the attacks from the Rashtrakuta dynasty from the south and the Pala advances in the east. The Gurjara-Pratiharas lost control of Rajasthan to their feudatories, and the Chandelas captured the strategic fortress of Gwalior in central India around 950. By the end of the tenth century the Gurjara-Pratihara domains had dwindled to a small state centered on Kannauj.

Mahmud of Ghazni captured Kannauj in 1018, and the Pratihara ruler Rajapala fled. He was subsequently captured and killed by the Chandela ruler Vidyadhara. The Chandela ruler then placed Rajapala's son Trilochanpala on the throne as a proxy. Jasapala, the last Gurjara-Pratihara ruler of Kannauj, died in 1036.

The Imperial Pratihara dynasty broke into several small states after the Ghaznavid invasions. These branches fought each other for territory and one of the branches ruled Mandore till the 14th century. This Pratihara branch had marital ties with Rao Chunda of the Rathore clan and gave Mandore in dowry to Chunda. This was specifically done to form an alliance against the Turks of the Tughlaq Empire.

Gurjara-Pratihara art
There are notable examples of architecture from the Gurjara-Pratihara era, including sculptures and carved panels. Their temples, constructed in an open pavilion style. One of the most notable Gurjara-Pratihara style of architecture was Khajuraho, built by their vassals, the Chandelas of Bundelkhand.

Māru-Gurjara architecture
Māru-Gurjara architecture was developed during Gurjara-Pratihara Empire.

 * Mahavira Jain temple, Osian temple was constructed in 783 CE, making it the oldest surviving Jain temple in western India.
 * Bateshwar Hindu temples, Madhya Pradesh was constructed during the Gurjara-Pratihara Empire between 8th to 11th century.
 * Baroli temples complex are eight temples, built by the Gurjara-Pratiharas, is situated within a walled enclosure.

Legacy
Historians of India, since the days of Elphinstone, have wondered at the slow progress of Muslim invaders in India, as compared with their rapid advance in other parts of the world. The Arabs possibly only stationed small invasions independent of the Caliph. Arguments of doubtful validity have often been put forward to explain this unique phenomenon. Currently it is believed that it was the power of the Gurjara-Pratihara army that effectively barred the progress of the Muslims beyond the confines of Sindh, their first conquest for nearly three hundred years. In the light of later events this might be regarded as the "Chief contribution of the Gurjara-Pratiharas to the history of India".

List of Pratihara feudatories

 * Chahamanas of Shakambari
 * Chandelas of Jejakabhukti
 * Guhila dynasty
 * Tomaras of Delhi

List of Pratihara Branches

 * Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty of Mandavyapura (c. 550 – 750 CE)

Known Baddoch rulers are-
 * Baddoch Branch (c. 600 – 700 CE)

 * Dhaddha 1 (600 – 627 CE)
 * Dhaddha 2 (627 – 655 CE)
 * Jaibhatta (655 – 700 CE)

Badegujar were rulers of Rajogarh
 * Rajogarh Branch

 * Parmeshver Manthandev, (885 – 915 CE)
 * No records found after Parmeshver Manthandev

title: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty


text:
Pressure Chief

Pressure Chief is the fifth studio album by American band Cake. It was released on October 5, 2004, pushed back from its original August release date. It was produced by the band and recorded in a converted house in Sacramento. The lead single, "No Phone" peaked at No. 13 on the U.S. Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. The second single "Carbon Monoxide" garnered some airplay but failed to crack the Modern Rock Tracks top 40. The album was the band's second and last record under Columbia Records.

The songs "She'll Hang the Baskets" and "Tougher Than It Is" were both originally written for Cake's 1998 record Prolonging the Magic. A bonus disc, Extra Value, was included in limited pre-orders of Pressure Chief.

On its opening week, Pressure Chief sold about 46,000 copies, debuting and peaking at number 17 on the Billboard 200. However, it fell to No. 55 the following week. By the next month, the album had only sold 91,478 copies.

Critical reception
Pressure Chief was met with "mixed or average" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 52 based on 8 reviews.

In a review for AllMusic, Johnny Loftus wrote: "Pressure Chief marks Cake's tenth year with a set of sardonic, engaging alternative pop that shows the Sacramento band's economical sound unwilted after all these years." Matt Weir of Tiny Mix Tapes gave a three-and-a-half stars out of five, calling the release the "weakest effort" by the band."

Personnel

 * Cake
 * John McCrea – acoustic guitar, keyboard, percussion, lead vocals, cover design
 * Vince DiFiore – trumpet, melodica, keyboard, percussion, background vocals
 * Xan McCurdy – electric and acoustic guitar, bass, drums, keyboard, background vocals
 * Gabe Nelson – bass, keyboard, drums, electric and acoustic guitar, background vocals

 * Additional musicians
 * Tyler Pope – additional keyboard, percussion and guitar (on "No Phone", "Dime", "The Guitar Man", and "Palm Of Your Hand")
 * Chuck Prophet – electric guitar (on "She'll Hang The Baskets")
 * Paulo Baldi – drums (on "No Phone", and "Carbon Monoxide")
 * Matt McCord – drums (on "The Guitar Man")
 * Todd Roper – drums on (on "She'll Hang The Baskets", and "Tougher Than It Is")
 * Greg Vincent – pedal steel guitar (on "She'll Hang The Baskets", and "Palm Of Your Hand")

 * Additional personnel
 * Cake – Arranger, Producer, Engineer, Mixing
 * Craig Long – Engineer, Mixing
 * Mark Needham – Engineer, Mixing
 * Patrick Olguin – Engineer, Mixing
 * Kirt Shearer – Engineer, Mixing
 * Don C. Tyler – Mastering

Charts
Singles – Billboard (United States)

Television performances

 * "No Phone" on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on Monday, October 4, 2004
 * "Wheels" on Jimmy Kimmel Live!
 * "No Phone" on The Late Late Show (with guest host Tom Arnold) on Tuesday, October 5, 2004

Appearances in other media

 * The song "Wheels" is featured in the soundtrack of the film I Love You, Man.

title: Pressure Chief


text:
Talk:Denis Diderot

older comments
Hear ye, Hear ye! Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your bandwidth...

I hereby propose to elect Denis Diderot patron saint of Wikipedia!

Thank you, Joshua Zeidner

 * I didn't know Wikipedia was a catholic project, but if somebody should be patron saint, it should be Diderot. Gangulf 09:29, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I suppose he didn't live long enough ago to be a Lutheran saint. But I think our contributor has in mind a "secular saint", certainly a notion that would have please Diderot far more than these other options. -- Jmabel 17:22, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * So how do we make him our Wikipedia patron saint. -- Gangulf 17:48, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * If we want to follow the Roman Catholic approach, first we will need a Wikipedian pope, some Wikipedian cardinals (one of whom will play devil's advocate), etc. I'd rather just work on the encyclopedia, myself. -- Jmabel 17:54, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)
 * I thought you might like to be a cardinal :-) Gangulf 18:11, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * No thanks, although I was once a member of Cardinal Key, the service organization at my alma mater, Wesleyan University. Q: "Who exactly is Cardinal Key? A: "The archbishop of Saigon. -- Jmabel 18:17, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * So do we need a papus to have a saint? Diderot, patron saint of Wikipedia!

Re PATRON SAINT. Excellent idea. Wikipedia is exactly what Diderot had in mind: Finished with all the stupid monks copying blindly information that they neither understood nor cared about. A new world. A Republic of Letters. Quality reigning supreme. Thousands of intelligent people discussing freely their ideas, writing commentaries only on topics they had first-hand knowledge of: books they had read, pictures they had seen, spectacles they had attended, theories they had worked out, experiments they had performed, etc etc. It wasn't doable in the 18th century, but now we have it: WIKIPEDIA! --BZ(Bruno Zollinger) 08:17, 10 August 2006 (UTC)

It is done. Pontiff Greg Bard 09:44, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

Link removal
Jmabel, I actually meant that inclusion quite seriously. They've both created the same type of thing, both revolutionary in their day, and both revolutionary for similar reasons i.e. the linking. Diderot linked issues in his enycyclopedia in a way that was apparently quite shocking, and I can't think of any examples, but it would be things like, under Church, see Oppression. There was a free flow of ideas that was unheard of, and a linking of issues that was threatening to the establishment. I see Wikipedia in a very similar light. Do you really think it's too self-indulgent? SlimVirgin (talk) 05:25, Jun 16, 2005 (UTC)

 * The short answer is "yes".

 * Sitting there as a blind link in the external links suggests that there is further information closely related to this topic to be found there. I certainly think that linking Jimbo from encyclopedia would be reasonable. Might there be a category they both belong in? Sure. But that link? Ask yourself: would a reference work unrelated to Wikipedia make that link? Would Britannica link from Diderot to something Britannica-related? In both cases, I think not. And I don't see any links here to other comparable figures in the intervening 200 years. -- Jmabel | Talk 21:27, Jun 19, 2005 (UTC)

What Diderot produced was a unique and revolutionary way of providing information, and that's what Jimbo has done. They'll both be remembered for those achievements for as long as people care about the way information dissemination developed. I believe an honest Encyclopaedia Britannica (or any other) would make the link between the Encyclopédie and Wikipedia, but anyway, we're not here to copy other reference works. The linking to Jimbo Wales is exactly the kind of non-linear linking Diderot would have approved of! Which other comparable figures were you thinking of? SlimVirgin (talk) 01:39, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

 * I don't think this discussion is worth continuing. We obviously disagree and will continue to disagree, but the link is no big deal. If you want to restore it, I won't remove it again, though I will continue to think it is self-indulgent on the part of Wikipedia to have it. -- Jmabel | Talk 16:57, Jun 22, 2005 (UTC)

Library sold twice?
His heirs sold his vast library to Catherine II, who had it deposited at the Russian National Library.

The sentence above that statement however tells of him selling the library to Catherine II! Was it sold twice or weren't the books actually just moved as she had bought them and he had looked after them until his death? I'm a bit fuzzy on this but never heard of the heirs selling the books the second time. --Stalfur 01:42, 11 November 2005 (UTC)

Gynecologist?
I just reverted an anonymous edit that Diderot was not only a noted philosopher and writer, but a gynecologist. It may be true, but I didn't find confirmation of it with some Googling, so until a citation appears, I think let's keep it out. -GTBacchus(talk) 01:49, 19 April 2006 (UTC)

Anal Leakage
The article states that Diderot died of Anal Leakage (sic). This can't be true; even if it is, I suspect there is a more scientific term? --Benn M. (talk) 09:03, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Humorous?
Actually, I found that first discussion (about making Diderot a "saint") quite humorous (although maybe that had a serious meaning). Maybe you should consider putting that in Meta-Wiki Category:Humor. lol May his spirit continue to bless this encyclopedia (and maybe Jimbo, too. lol again).

--69.170.0.207 14:19, 23 June 2006 (UTC)

1796
Why were both La Religieuse (1760) and Jacques le fataliste et son maître (1771-1778) published after his death? And why precisely 1796 for both novels? Anyone? --Jahsonic 10:07, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, according to my French copy of Jacques (1997 ed.), Diderot was still reworking his novel between 1780 and 1783 (i.e. a year before his death), although he did allow it to circulate in manuscript (both Goethe and Schiller had read it while he was still alive). I'd hazard a guess he was just addicted to revising his works and didn't want to send them to the printer before they were perfect. His death put a stop to all that revision. Why they took ten years to reach the press, I don't know. I'm not sure whether the French Revolution coming in 1789 had any effect on matters either. --Folantin 16:19, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks --Jahsonic 16:29, 15 July 2006 (UTC)

Jacques le Fataliste
Re EMULATION. ...in emulation of Laurence Sterne..., the article states. But Jacques is a running commentary (nearly 20 years of "gonflements successifs", as Chouillet calls them) on Sterne's magnum opus. Uncle Toby and Corporal Trim are part of Diderot's novel. Diderot even discusses right in the novel itself the possibility that Sterne might be emulating him, Diderot (some professors of literature do not even understand a joke when they are the butt of it). Sterne, of course, never thought for a second that his friend was trying in any way to emulate him. But that was the 18th century. Another galaxy... --BZ(Bruno Zollinger) 08:33, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

What makes the Lettre sur les aveugles interesting.
Re UNDIGESTED. What makes the "Lettre sur les aveugles" interesting, the article tells us, is its presentation, in a distinct though undigested form, of the theory of variation and natural selection. Frankly, I don't see which passage or passages in this or any other of Diderot's essays could - by any stretch of the imagination - be interpreted as a presentation of the theory of natural selection, digested or undigested. Well, maybe my French isn't good enough...--BZ(Bruno Zollinger) 18:08, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

Re POSSE. Diderot begins his essay with a "quote": possunt, nec posse videntur. If we look this up in Virgil's Aeneid (V, 231) we find that Diderot changed a QUIA into a NEC, thereby subtly altering Virgil's meaning from something like "They are strong, because they believe themselves to be strong" to something like "They are strong, although it doesn't look that way". Diderot's "error" has, of course, not escaped the notice of the experts in the field and is even today the subject of heated debates. But all the experts fighting about the correct translation of "posse", "videntur", etc have apparently neglected to read a bit further. Had they done so, they would have found out what Diderot really wanted to convey: nec or quia, no difference; the members of the "strong" crew in question are the losers of the race.

No wonder that this was for the authorities la dernière goutte d'eau qui a fait répandre le vase ( l'abbé Trublet, quoted in A.-M.Wilson, Diderot, sa vie et son oeuvre, Paris, Robert Laffont, Bouquins, 1985).--BZ(Bruno Zollinger) 15:08, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Re TITLE. Not enough attention has been paid to the original title of the Lettre: Sur les aveugles, à l'usage de ceux qui voient. A provocation, as Marian Hobson writes, that not only led Réaumur to demand the lettre de cachet but left no doubt in the mind of the contemporary readers about what kind of blindness was the real subject of the essay. Si un homme qui n'a vu que pendant un jour ou deux se trouvait confondu chez un peuple d'aveugles, il faudrait qu'il prît le parti de se taire, ou celui de passer pour un fou. Diderot tells us that whatever an honest man may say or do, he will not be able to convince the morally blind that their words have no meaning and can therefore be neglected. They would just go on teaching and preaching, thinking that he is crazy.--BZ(Bruno Zollinger) 15:01, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Edit to Denis Diderot Article.
Greetings. I wanted to ask for an elaboration of your edit to the Denis Diderot article regarding his essay Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown inspiring sermons. While some references to such inspiration would be helpful, did you edit it because you think its not true or because you think it's not appropriate to the article? I would argue that since Diderot's most famous work is encyclopedic and he wrote sermons himself early in his career, the comment makes sense for this particular article. I didn't want to revert the edit, however, if you have a more substantial argument than my somewhat etheral one.... Why is it wrong to point out that the essay influenced other essays but not sermons? TIA for your comments. Geeman 01:21, 2 September 2006 (UTC)
 * In answer to your question, given Diderot's well-known vociferous atheism, I doubt the essay was the direct cause of many sermons. More importantly, however, he was a pretty noxious anti-clerical figure, and the mention of sermons appears to be an ironic reference, perhaps asserting his superiority (even the clerics have to follow him!), and thus inappropriate.  Best,  Gabrielthursday 20:27, 4 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the clarification. In the absence of an actual reference to sermons inspired by Diderot I'm going to leave the edit alone, though I do think it is extremely likely that sermons were based upon his ideas.  After all, a "sermon" is as likely to discuss things that disagree with the dogma as things that agree with it if only to voice the nature and specifics of the counter-argument.  However, even though I am certain such sermons were written/delivered I have no actual texts of such speeches to reference, so no factual basis to change the language of the article.
 * OK, I just found a couple of sermons that reference (or are based upon) Diderot's essay, so I've reverted the opening text to include the fact that it has inspired such efforts. Both the links here, however, are to pretty modern sermons, but I don't think that should necessarily disqualify the text. http://www.firstparishinlincoln.org/Stuff_Sermon/page2.html and http://www.firstuunashville.org/news/sermons/consumption.htm --Geeman 05:31, 6 September 2006 (UTC)

Re WELL-KNOWN. Above, a user talks of Diderot's well-known vociferous atheism as given. In Europe, as you will of course know, Diderot's views are seen in quite a different light. His attitude is in Marian Hobson's words loin d'être celle d'un athéisme franc et vulgaire, i.e. far from any open atheism, and much more so from a "vociferous" one. Or take Richard Glauser who sums it up in his groundbreaking essay Diderot et le problème de Molyneux (Études philosophiques 1999, p.291-327) as an oscillation between deism, atheism, and scepticism. This raises some interesting questions: How come that such a warped view of Diderot's thinking is "given" in America? And by whom was it "given"? Also, by whom is it "well-known" in America, and when and how did this all come about?--BZ(Bruno Zollinger) 08:29, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

 * I think that was more one person's opinion rather than an expression of a generalized American opinion. The reality of American attitudes towards Diderot is, of course, much less happy.  It might be summed up thusly: "Didawho?" :) Geeman 10:24, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Category: Erotica writers?
That doesn't sound right, and nothing in the article suggests such a thing. I'm removing the category. If I'm mistaken, my apologies... but I would like to see a source for his having written erotica. (Diderotica?) Dpbsmith (talk) 16:10, 4 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Re DIDEROTICA.  Removerotica? The article does mention a volume of "bawdy" stories. And then, of course, there are some French people who think that the Religieuse is erotica. But you're right, this is not the French Wikipedia.--BZ(Bruno Zollinger) 09:35, 5 December 2006 (UTC)
 * The category would have been added because of Les Bijoux Indiscrets. One book I read described the stories as 'pornographic' (interestingly enough it was these stories that launched his literary career). Currently I think that the category should be added again, though I'll do a little more research before acting. Galanskov 23:39, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Sorry about the belated response. I took a look through a couple books and I'd say that he can be described as an erotica writer. His works feature many sexual references, and while this is not itself sufficient cause for calling his works erotica, their particularly graphic nature qualifies him for entry into the category. Galanskov 00:35, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Is it possible to ask you to cite examples without sounding (or, in fact, being...) prurient? Geeman 00:43, 27 May 2007 (UTC)

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Birthyear of (Marie-)Angélique Diderot-Vandeul
Several sources (Wikidata, viaf, summarizing other sources) have September 1753, not 1743, for her birth, so, confused? ELSchissel (talk) 10:43, 22 June 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Denis Diderot


text:
Bill Klem

William Joseph Klem (born Klimm; February 22, 1874 – September 16, 1951), known as "the Old Arbitrator", was an American baseball umpire who worked in Major League Baseball from 1905 to 1941, spending his entire career in the National League (NL). He worked 18 World Series, which is a major league record. Klem was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953.

Early life
Klem was born on February 22, 1874, in the "Dutchtown" area of Rochester, New York. He had changed the spelling of his last name from "Klimm" to "Klem" because he thought it had a better sound. Klem pursued a baseball career as a catcher until he sustained an arm injury. He then worked as a bartender and traveled through the Northeast building bridges. He decided to pursue umpiring after reading a newspaper article about major league umpire Silk O'Loughlin.

His umpiring career began in the Connecticut League in 1902. That year, Klem had a run-in with league secretary and team manager Jim O'Rourke after Klem ejected one of the manager's players. O'Rourke threatened that Klem would not umpire another game in the league, but Klem responded, "Maybe so, but I'll umpire this one."

He worked in the New York State League the following year. Klem spent the 1904 season in the American Association before joining the NL in 1905.

MLB career
He worked a record 18 World Series: 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1934 and 1940. No other umpire has worked in more than ten Series. Of the 16 major league teams in existence during his career, all but one—the St. Louis Browns, who would not win a pennant until 1944—appeared in a World Series that he officiated; the only other teams which did not win a championship with Klem on the field were the Brooklyn Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies (neither of which won a title during Klem's lifetime) and the Detroit Tigers. He was also one of the umpires for the first All-Star Game in 1933, and worked behind the plate for the second half of the game; he later umpired in the 1938 All-Star Game as well.

Klem holds the MLB record for most career ejections by an umpire with 279.

He called balls and strikes in five no-hitters, an NL record later tied by Harry Wendelstedt. He was also the home plate umpire on September 16, 1924, when Jim Bottomley of the St. Louis Cardinals had a record 12 runs batted in. Klem had a number of nicknames amongst the players: his favorite was "the Old Arbitrator", but his jowly appearance also led to some players calling him "Catfish". Klem despised the latter name, and was notorious for ejecting players whom he caught using it. One particular incident involved a player whom Klem ejected after he caught the player drawing a picture of a catfish with his foot in the infield dirt.

Klem also dismissed catcher Al López from a game after López pasted a newspaper clipping onto home plate which showed Klem clearly in error calling a play involving López. The catcher had covered the photo with dirt and waited for Klem to brush off home plate.

As Klem got older, he began to experience a skin condition that he said related to his nerves. He once commented on the toll that umpiring took on him, saying, "Most baseball fans... feel that these verbal and physical public humiliations [umpires endure] go in one ear and out the other. Well, they don't. They go in one ear and go straight to the nervous system, eating away coordination, self-confidence and self-respect." Late in his life, Klem stated in interviews that he had originated the use of hand signals for umpiring calls. It was difficult to challenge Klem at the time because so many years had passed. Recent research does not yield a clear answer to the origin of hand signals, with credit often going to umpire Cy Rigler.

By 1940, Klem had retired and had been replaced by future Hall of Fame umpire Al Barlick. At that time, Klem was appointed the NL's chief of umpires. The league began experimenting with four-man umpire crews in 1941 and Klem appeared in a few games that season so that those games would have four umpires. Klem held the record for most MLB games umpired for over 70 years – at his retirement in 1941, he had umpired 5,375 games, the record until 2021 when it was surpassed by Joe West. He finished his career having umpired 5,375 regular season MLB games (all in the National League), 103 postseason games (all in World Series), and two MLB All-Star Games.

He had the longest career of any major league umpire (37 years) before Bruce Froemming tied that mark in 2007, and was also the oldest umpire in history at age 67 until Froemming surpassed that mark as well. Klem was widely respected for bringing dignity and professionalism to umpiring, as well as for his high skill and good judgment. Klem was also an innovative umpire: he was one of the first to wear a modern, somewhat pliable chest protector inside his shirt, a move which he successfully campaigned to have adopted throughout the NL, although Jocko Conlan and Beans Reardon used the outside protector. He was the first to straddle foul lines and stand to the catcher's side for better perspective. Finally, he was the last umpire to work the plate exclusively (traditionally the crew chief always worked the plate; today umpire crews rotate base/plate assignments).

Personal life
Klem's wife was named Marie. She often traveled with him to games that he worked. They had no children.

Death and legacy
Klem died on September 16, 1951, at age 77, at Doctors Hospital in Coral Gables, Florida. He died of a heart attack after suffering from heart problems for two to three years. He had been hospitalized for over a month when he died. About a week before his death, Klem seemed to know that his death was coming, commenting to his attorney, "This is my last game and I'm going to strike out this time." His wife was his only survivor.

Klem and Tom Connolly were the first two umpires inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953. They are also the only umpires to have worked in five different decades. In 1946 Klem and Connolly had also been named to the Honor Rolls of Baseball.

In 1962, the Houston chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America established the Bill Klem Award to honor outstanding NL umpires.

title: Bill Klem


text:
Joe Garagiola

Joseph Henry Garagiola Sr. (February 12, 1926 – March 23, 2016) was an American professional baseball catcher, later an announcer and television host.

Garagiola played nine seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals, Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, and New York Giants. He was later well-known outside baseball for having been one of the regular panelists on The Today Show for many years and for his numerous appearances on game shows as a host and panelist.

Early life
Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Garagiola grew up on Elizabeth Avenue in an Italian-American neighborhood in the south of the city called the Hill, just across the street from Yogi Berra, his childhood friend and competitor, who was nine months older.

When Garagiola and Berra were teenagers in the early 1940s, almost all pro baseball scouts rated Garagiola as the better prospect. Still, it was Berra who went on to a Hall of Fame career, while Garagiola was a journeyman. About living across the street from Berra during their youth, Garagiola often quipped, "Not only was I not the best catcher in the Major Leagues, I wasn't even the best catcher on my street!"

Baseball career
Garagiola was signed at age 16 by the St. Louis Cardinals organization. At age 17, he remains the youngest player in Columbus Red Birds history. Garagiola advanced to Columbus of the Class AA American Association in 1943 and was with them when he was drafted into military service on April 24, 1944. After undergoing basic training at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, Garagiola was sent to Fort Riley, Kansas, where he quickly established himself as the catcher for the Fort Riley Centaurs, with teammates Rex Barney and Pete Reiser.

Garagiola was sent to the Philippines in 1945, where he played ball for Kirby Higbe's Manila Dodgers. He was discharged from service in early 1946 and was just 20 years old when he joined the Cardinals. Garagiola made his major league debut in 1946.

As a rookie in 1946, in his only World Series appearance, Garagiola batted 6-for-19 in five games, including in Game 4, when he went 4-for-5 with three RBIs. On September 11, 1947, Joe Garagiola and Jackie Robinson were involved in an incident at home plate. Garagiola allegedly spiked Robinson's foot in the second inning, and when Robinson came to the plate the next inning and made a comment to him, Garagiola reportedly responded with a racial slur. An argument ensued and umpire Beans Reardon held back Garagiola while Robinson responded with a mock clap.

Garagiola never quite lived up to the promise of his youth, appearing in only 676 games over nine seasons for four National League teams. He was a mediocre hitter (though certainly good for a catcher) in the majors, which featured in his self-deprecating humor. He once told this story himself: "He knew that it was time to retire when he was catching, and his ex-teammate Stan Musial stepped into the batter's box, turned to Joe, and said, 'When are you gonna quit?'"

Looking back at his career in 1970, Garagiola observed, "It's not a record, but being traded four times when there are only eight teams in the league tells you something. I thought I was modeling uniforms for the National League."

Books
After his retirement from baseball, Garagiola lent his name to a 1960 book, Baseball Is a Funny Game, which sold well upon release and helped establish Garagiola as a "personality." The book—largely ghostwritten—was a collection of humorous anecdotes surrounding his upbringing and his playing career, and it showcased the folksy, humorous style that became his trademark as a broadcaster.

Garagiola also wrote It's Anybody's Ballgame (1988) and Just Play Ball (2007).

Baseball broadcasting
Garagiola turned to broadcasting following his retirement as a player, first calling Cardinals radio broadcasts on KMOX from 1955 to 1962.

As an announcer, Garagiola was best known for his almost 30-year association with NBC television. He began doing national baseball broadcasts for the network in 1961 (teaming with Bob Wolff). Garagiola called several World Series on NBC Radio in the 1960s, teaming with announcers including By Saam and George Kell. After Mel Allen was fired, Garagiola was added to the New York Yankees broadcast team, where he worked with lead announcer Phil Rizzuto from 1965 to 1967; in May 1967, he called Mickey Mantle's 500th home run. Garagiola subsequently returned to broadcasting NBC baseball, and in May 1973, became the host of the pre-game show The Baseball World of Joe Garagiola; he then became a play-by-play announcer beginning in 1974.

Garagiola alternated play-by-play duties with Curt Gowdy on NBC until 1976, when he assumed the role full-time. He teamed with color commentator Tony Kubek from 1976 to 1982; in 1983, he shifted to color commentary as Vin Scully joined the network as lead play-by-play announcer. (Kubek joined Bob Costas to form NBC's #2 baseball announcing duo in this era.) Besides working on the Saturday Game of the Week for NBC, the team of Scully and Garagiola called three All-Star Games (1983, 1985, and 1987), three National League Championship Series (1983, 1985, and 1987), and three World Series (1984, 1986, and 1988).

After calling one final World Series with Scully in 1988, Garagiola resigned from the network in November following a contract dispute. His slot on NBC's baseball broadcasts was subsequently filled by Tom Seaver.

After leaving NBC Sports, Garagiola spent one season (1990) as a cable-television commentator for the California Angels. From 1998 to 2012, he performed part-time color commentary duties for the Arizona Diamondbacks, where his son Joe Jr. was general manager. Garagiola officially announced his retirement from broadcasting on February 22, 2013.

Other broadcasting ventures
Besides calling baseball games for NBC, Garagiola served as a co-host on Today from 1967 to 1973 and again from 1990 to 1992. He occasionally guest-hosted The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, including the only live appearances by members of The Beatles on the program while still a group, when John Lennon and Paul McCartney appeared in May 1968.

In the late 1960s and 1970s, Garagiola hosted the game shows He Said, She Said; Joe Garagiola's Memory Game; Sale of the Century; and To Tell the Truth, as well as the short-lived  Strike It Rich. Garagiola was a guest celebrity panelist on Match Game in the late 1970s. He hosted the St. Louis area professional wrestling show Wrestling at the Chase for three years from 1959 to 1962 (his brother, Mickey, was the wrestling show's ring announcer) and was a regular host of the Orange Bowl Parade in Miami on New Year's Eve. Garagiola achieved a new field of fame as co-host of the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show for USA Network from 1994 to 2002, remarking:

"I say to some people, 'I played in the World Series, and I broadcast the World Series. I broadcast the All Star Game. I've done the Today show, The Tonight Show, The Tomorrow Show, the Yesterday Show, the Day After Tomorrow Show'. And people come up to me and say, 'I love you in Westminster'."

From 1969 to 1970, Garagiola was the Saturday afternoon host of the program Monitor. During the 1960s, he contributed commentaries to Monitor for several years and had a daily five-minute morning drive-time sports commentary program on the network.

From 1977 to 1983, his name was attached to the PGA Tour's Tucson Open tournament, broadcast by NBC.

One of Garagiola's first appearances on TV was in 1960, when he appeared onstage at a campaign event for John F. Kennedy. Surrounded by politicians including former President Harry S. Truman, Garagiola put his arm around the former president and, knowing that his father who had often questioned his son's career choices would be watching the event on television, looked into the camera and said, "Hey Pop, I just want you to see who I'm hanging around with."

Testimony at Curt Flood trial
In 1970, Garagiola appeared at a preliminary trial following former Cardinals outfielder Curt Flood's lawsuit against Major League Baseball, challenging the game's reserve clause. Testifying before Judge Irving Ben Cooper in New York, Garagiola defended the clause, a stance he later deemed a "terrible mistake."

Politics
In the 1976 presidential election, Garagiola enthusiastically supported the candidacy of President Gerald Ford. During the fall campaign, the Republican National Committee hired Garagiola to do a series of television ads with Ford, with Garagiola talking to Ford in a relaxed, informal setting. Derided by Ford's critics as "The Joe and Jerry Show", the ads in their opinion were considered to have negatively affected the Ford campaign.

The two men became close friends, and on election night in November 1976 Ford invited Garagiola to be one of his guests at the White House to watch the results on television. Ford lost to Democrat Jimmy Carter, the former governor of Georgia.

Advocacy against chewing tobacco
Garagiola was an advocate against the use of chewing tobacco. He had picked up the habit during his playing days with the Cardinals, but quit cold turkey in the late-1950s. He annually visited major league teams during spring training with players from his generation who have suffered from oral cancer related to the addiction, and he always made comments about it on broadcasts whenever the camera would be on a player chewing tobacco.

Society for American Baseball Research
Garagiola was the keynote luncheon speaker at the 2007 convention of the Society for American Baseball Research held in St. Louis.

Honors
Garagiola was inducted into the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame in 1970. He was presented with a Peabody Award in 1973 for his NBC work. In, he was honored by the Baseball Hall of Fame with the Ford C. Frick Award for outstanding broadcasting accomplishments. He was inducted into the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association Hall of Fame in 2004. He has also been given his own star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame. The St. Louis Wrestling Hall of Fame inducted him in 2008 for his Wrestling at the Chase broadcasts. In 2012, he was honored by the Catholic Community Foundation of the Diocese of Phoenix, receiving its inaugural Legacy Award at its 24th Annual Crosier Gala for his tireless help and generosity with the St. Peter's Mission School on the Gila River Reservation. (The American Sportscasters Association also honored him for his work with the St. Peter's Mission School with its Humanitarian Award in 1995.)

On December 4, 2013, Garagiola was named as the recipient of the Buck O'Neil Lifetime Achievement Award, presented once every three years by the Baseball Hall of Fame for positive contributions to Major League Baseball. The Hall's official announcement specifically cited his advocacy against smokeless tobacco, as well as his role as a founder of the Baseball Assistance Team, a charity that provides grants to needy members of the professional baseball community.

In the 2013 film 42, Garagiola was portrayed by actor Gino Anthony Pesi.

In the 1990s, Garagiola began working with the St. Peter's Indian Mission Catholic School, a poorly-funded educational facility on the Gila River Indian Reservation, south of Phoenix. During his many years of charity work with the school he helped facilitate the repair or construction of an all-purpose facility, a basketball court, a soccer and track field, a library and computer learning center and extensive repairs on the old mission church.

For his work, he was honored by tribal leaders with the nickname "Awesome Fox" and today his name can be seen on The Joe Garagiola Learning Center and Awesome Fox Field at the mission school.

Personal life
Garagiola married Audrie Ross, the organist at the Cardinals' ballpark in St. Louis, in 1949; their two sons later had an association with baseball. Joe Jr., was the general manager for the Arizona Diamondbacks, and later senior vice president of baseball operations for Major League Baseball. His other son Steve is a retired broadcast journalist as well, serving as a reporter and anchor for WDIV-TV, the NBC affiliate in Detroit. His daughter, Gina, has also worked in TV news, as a field reporter for Phoenix television station KTVK, and is now a freelance writer. Garagiola Sr. had eight grandchildren.

Death
Garagiola died on March 23, 2016, at age 90, in Scottsdale, Arizona. The Diamondbacks wore a patch in his memory on their right sleeve for the 2016 season, a black circle with "JOE" written in white in the center, with a catchers' mask replacing the O.

Garagiola's funeral mass was held on April 13 in St. Louis at St. Ambrose Catholic Church, the same church where he was baptized. He was interred at Resurrection Cemetery in St. Louis.

title: Joe Garagiola