text:
List of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands, 2004–2009

This is a list of members of the European Parliament for the Netherlands in the 2004 to 2009 session, ordered by name and by party.

2004

 * 10 June: Election for the European Parliament in the Netherlands.
 * 20 July: Beginning of the 6th European Parliament session. (2004–2009)

2005

 * April: Els de Groen leaves the Europe Transparent party and continues as an independent. She does remain part of the Greens–European Free Alliance group.

2007

 * 22 February: Camiel Eurlings (CDA) leaves the European Parliament, because he became a minister in the Fourth Balkenende cabinet.
 * 1 March: Joop Post (CDA) is installed in the European Parliament as a replacement for Camiel Eurlings.
 * 10 April: Albert Jan Maat (CDA) leaves the European Parliament, because he became the chairman for LTO Nederland.
 * 12 April: Esther de Lange (CDA) is installed in the European Parliament as a replacement for Albert Jan Maat.
 * 1 September: Max van den Berg (PvdA) leaves the European Parliament, because he became a King's Commissioner in Groningen.
 * 4 September: Lily Jacobs (PvdA) is installed in the European Parliament as a replacement for Max van den Berg.
 * 16 October: Joop Post (CDA) leaves the European Parliament, because of a scandal with an investment project.
 * 17 October: Cornelis Visser (CDA) is installed in the European Parliament as a replacement for Joop Post.

2008

 * 20 April: Edith Mastenbroek (PvdA) leaves the European Parliament, because of health issues.
 * 8 May: Jan Cremers (PvdA) is installed in the European Parliament as a replacement for Edith Mastenbroek.

Alphabetical
! Name ! Sex ! National party ! EP Group ! Period ! Preference vote
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="11" |
 * style="text-align:left;" | Bas Belder
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Reformed Political Party
 * style="text-align:left;" | IND&DEM
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 1999 – 2 July 2019
 * style="text-align:left;" | 44,473
 * style="text-align:left;" | Max van den Berg
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Labour Party
 * style="text-align:left;" | PES
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 1999 – 1 September 2007
 * style="text-align:left;" | 879,972
 * style="text-align:left;" | Thijs Berman
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Labour Party
 * style="text-align:left;" | PES
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 2004 – 1 July 2014
 * style="text-align:left;" | 6,825
 * style="text-align:left;" | Hans Blokland
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Christian Union
 * style="text-align:left;" | IND&DEM
 * style="text-align:left;" | 19 July 1994 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 197,031
 * style="text-align:left;" | Emine Bozkurt
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Labour Party
 * style="text-align:left;" | PES
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 2004 – 1 July 2014
 * style="text-align:left;" | 24,359
 * style="text-align:left;" | Paul van Buitenen
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Europe Transparent
 * style="text-align:left;" | G–EFA
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 2004 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 338,477
 * style="text-align:left;" | Kathalijne Buitenweg
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | GreenLeft
 * style="text-align:left;" | G–EFA
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 1999 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 297,237
 * style="text-align:left;" | Ieke van den Burg
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Labour Party
 * style="text-align:left;" | PES
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 1999 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 7,695
 * style="text-align:left;" | Jan Cremers
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Labour Party
 * style="text-align:left;" | PES
 * style="text-align:left;" | 8 May 2008 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 3,787
 * style="text-align:left;" | Dorette Corbey
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Labour Party
 * style="text-align:left;" | PES
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 1999 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 17,847
 * style="text-align:left;" | Bert Doorn
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Christian Democratic Appeal
 * style="text-align:left;" | EPP–ED
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 1999 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 4,842
 * style="text-align:left;" | Camiel Eurlings
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Christian Democratic Appeal
 * style="text-align:left;" | EPP–ED
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 2004 – 22 February 2007
 * style="text-align:left;" | 938,025
 * style="text-align:left;" | Els de Groen-Kouwenhoven
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Europe Transparent
 * style="text-align:left;" | G–EFA
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 2004 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 4,796
 * style="text-align:left;" | Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
 * style="text-align:left;" | ALDE
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 2004 – 17 June 2010
 * style="text-align:left;" | 44,064
 * style="text-align:left;" | Lily Jacobs
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Labour Party
 * style="text-align:left;" | PES
 * style="text-align:left;" | 4 September 2007 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 10,983
 * style="text-align:left;" | Joost Lagendijk
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | GreenLeft
 * style="text-align:left;" | G–EFA
 * style="text-align:left;" | 1 September 1998 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 12,405
 * style="text-align:left;" | Esther de Lange
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Christian Democratic Appeal
 * style="text-align:left;" | EPP–ED
 * style="text-align:left;" | 12 April 2007 – Present
 * style="text-align:left;" | 2,754
 * style="text-align:left;" | Kartika Liotard
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Socialist Party
 * style="text-align:left;" | EUL–NGL
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 2004 – 1 July 2014
 * style="text-align:left;" | 32,187
 * style="text-align:left;" | Albert Jan Maat
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Christian Democratic Appeal
 * style="text-align:left;" | EPP–ED
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 1999 – 10 April 2007
 * style="text-align:left;" | 30,948
 * style="text-align:left;" | Jules Maaten
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
 * style="text-align:left;" | ALDE
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 1999 – 14 July 2009 2 July 2019 – 2 July 2019
 * style="text-align:left;" | 412,688
 * style="text-align:left;" | Toine Manders
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
 * style="text-align:left;" | ALDE
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 1999 – 1 July 2014
 * style="text-align:left;" | 32,819
 * style="text-align:left;" | Maria Martens
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Christian Democratic Appeal
 * style="text-align:left;" | EPP–ED
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 1999 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 50,493
 * style="text-align:left;" | Edith Mastenbroek
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Labour Party
 * style="text-align:left;" | PES
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 2004 – 20 April 2008
 * style="text-align:left;" | 92,018
 * style="text-align:left;" | Erik Meijer
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Socialist Party
 * style="text-align:left;" | EUL–NGL
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 1999 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 230,531
 * style="text-align:left;" | Jan Mulder
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
 * style="text-align:left;" | ALDE
 * style="text-align:left;" | 19 July 1994 – 14 July 2009 22 June 2010 – 1 July 2014
 * style="text-align:left;" | 43,376
 * style="text-align:left;" | Lambert van Nistelrooij
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Christian Democratic Appeal
 * style="text-align:left;" | EPP–ED
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 2004 – Present
 * style="text-align:left;" | 27,957
 * style="text-align:left;" | Ria Oomen-Ruijten
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Christian Democratic Appeal
 * style="text-align:left;" | EPP–ED
 * style="text-align:left;" | 19 July 1994 – 1 July 2014
 * style="text-align:left;" | 29,719
 * style="text-align:left;" | Joop Post
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Christian Democratic Appeal
 * style="text-align:left;" | EPP–ED
 * style="text-align:left;" | 1 March 2007 – 16 October 2007
 * style="text-align:left;" | 7,515
 * style="text-align:left;" | Sophie in 't Veld
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Democrats 66
 * style="text-align:left;" | ALDE
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 2004 – Present
 * style="text-align:left;" | 161,104
 * style="text-align:left;" | Cornelis Visser
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Christian Democratic Appeal
 * style="text-align:left;" | EPP–ED
 * style="text-align:left;" | 17 October 2007 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 3,832
 * style="text-align:left;" | Jan-Marinus Wiersma
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Labour Party
 * style="text-align:left;" | PES
 * style="text-align:left;" | 19 July 1994 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 27,067
 * style="text-align:left;" | Corien Wortmann-Kool
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Christian Democratic Appeal
 * style="text-align:left;" | EPP–ED
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 2004 – 1 July 2014
 * style="text-align:left;" | 9,776
 * -style="background-color:#dcdcdc"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" |Source:
 * }
 * style="text-align:left;" | 7,515
 * style="text-align:left;" | Sophie in 't Veld
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Democrats 66
 * style="text-align:left;" | ALDE
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 2004 – Present
 * style="text-align:left;" | 161,104
 * style="text-align:left;" | Cornelis Visser
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Christian Democratic Appeal
 * style="text-align:left;" | EPP–ED
 * style="text-align:left;" | 17 October 2007 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 3,832
 * style="text-align:left;" | Jan-Marinus Wiersma
 * style="text-align:left;" | Male
 * style="text-align:left;" | Labour Party
 * style="text-align:left;" | PES
 * style="text-align:left;" | 19 July 1994 – 14 July 2009
 * style="text-align:left;" | 27,067
 * style="text-align:left;" | Corien Wortmann-Kool
 * style="text-align:left;" | Female
 * style="text-align:left;" | Christian Democratic Appeal
 * style="text-align:left;" | EPP–ED
 * style="text-align:left;" | 20 July 2004 – 1 July 2014
 * style="text-align:left;" | 9,776
 * -style="background-color:#dcdcdc"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" |Source:
 * }
 * style="text-align:left;" | 9,776
 * -style="background-color:#dcdcdc"
 * style="text-align:left;" colspan="6" |Source:
 * }
 * }

By party
On the Christian Democratic Appeal list: (EPP-ED Group)

 * 1) Bert Doorn
 * 2) Camiel Eurlings (top candidate) (replaced by: Joop Post)
 * 3) Albert-Jan Maat (replaced by: Esther de Lange)
 * 4) Maria Martens
 * 5) Lambert van Nistelrooij
 * 6) Ria Oomen-Ruijten
 * 7) Corien Wortmann-Kool
 * Esther de Lange
 * Joop Post (replaced by: Cornelis Visser)
 * Cornelis Visser

On the Labour Party list: (PES)

 * 1) Max van den Berg (top candidate) (replaced by: Lily Jacobs)
 * 2) Thijs Berman
 * 3) Emine Bozkurt
 * 4) Ieke van den Burg
 * 5) Dorette Corbey
 * 6) Edith Mastenbroek (replaced by: Jan Cremers)
 * 7) Jan-Marinus Wiersma
 * Jan Cremers
 * Lily Jacobs

On the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy list: (ALDE)

 * 1) Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert
 * 2) Jules Maaten (top candidate)
 * 3) Toine Manders
 * 4) Jan Mulder

On the GreenLeft list: (Greens-EFA)

 * 1) Kathalijne Buitenweg (top candidate)
 * 2) Joost Lagendijk

On the Europe Transparent list: (Greens-EFA)

 * 1) Paul van Buitenen (top candidate)
 * 2) Els de Groen

On the Socialist Party list: (EUL/NGL)

 * 1) Kartika Liotard
 * 2) Erik Meijer (top candidate)

On the Christian Union – Reformed Political Party list: (IND&DEM)

 * 1) Hans Blokland (Christian Union) (top candidate)
 * 2) Bas Belder (Reformed Political Party)

On the Democrats 66 list: (ALDE)

 * 1) Sophie in 't Veld (top candidate)

Independent: (left their party delegation at some point during this European 2004–2009 session.)
 * Els de Groen


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Michael J. Adams

Michael James Adams (May 5, 1930 – November 15, 1967) (Maj USAF) was an American aviator, aeronautical engineer, and USAF astronaut. He was one of twelve pilots who flew the North American X-15, an experimental spaceplane jointly operated by the Air Force and NASA.

On November 15, 1967, Adams flew X-15 Flight 191 (also known as X-15 Flight 3-65-97) aboard the X-15-3, one of three planes in the X-15 fleet. Flying to an altitude above 50 miles, Adams qualified as an astronaut according to the United States definition of the boundary of space. Moments later the craft broke apart, killing Adams and destroying the X-15-3. He was the first American space mission fatality by the American convention.

Early life and military experience
Adams was born May 5, 1930, in Sacramento, California. He graduated from Sacramento Junior College. He enlisted in the United States Air Force in 1950, and earned his pilot wings and commission in 1952 at Webb Air Force Base, Texas. He served as a fighter-bomber pilot during the Korean War, where he flew 49 combat missions. This was followed by 30 months with the 613th Fighter-Bomber Squadron at England Air Force Base, Louisiana, and six months rotational duty at Chaumont Air Base in France.

Education and flight experience
In 1958, Adams received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the University of Oklahoma and, after 18 months of astronautics study at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was selected in 1962 for the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Here, he won the A.B. Honts Trophy as the best scholar and pilot in his class. Adams subsequently attended the Aerospace Research Pilot School (ARPS), graduating with honors in December 1963. He was one of four Edwards aerospace research pilots to participate in a five-month series of NASA Moon landing practice tests at the Martin Company in Baltimore, Maryland. In November 1965 he was selected to be an astronaut in the United States Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory program. In July 1966, Major Adams came to the North American X-15 program, a joint USAF/NASA project. He made his first X-15 flight on October 6, 1966.

Death
Adams's seventh X-15 flight, Flight 3-65-97, took place on November 15, 1967. He reached a peak altitude of 266000 ft; the nose of the aircraft was off heading by 15 degrees to the right. While descending, at 230000 ft the aircraft encountered rapidly increasing aerodynamic pressure which impinged on the airframe, causing the X-15 to enter a violent Mach 5 spin. As the X-15 neared 65000 ft, it was diving at Mach 3.93 and experiencing more than 15 g vertically (positive and negative), and 8 g laterally, which inevitably exceeded the design limits of the aircraft. The aircraft broke up 10 minutes and 35 seconds after launch, killing Adams. The United States Air Force posthumously awarded him Astronaut Wings for his last flight.

An excerpt from NASA's biography page on Mike Adams discusses findings from the crash investigation:

 * Ground parties scoured the countryside looking for wreckage; critical to the investigation was the film from the cockpit camera. The weekend after the accident, an unofficial FRC (Fleet Readiness Centers) search party found the camera; disappointingly, the film cartridge was nowhere in sight. Engineers theorized that the film cassette, being lighter than the camera, might be further away, blown north by winds at altitude. FRC (Fleet Readiness Centers) engineer Victor Horton organized a search and on 29 November, during the first pass over the area, Willard E. Dives found the cassette. Most puzzling was Adams's complete lack of awareness of major heading deviations in spite of accurately functioning cockpit instrumentation. The accident board concluded that he had allowed the aircraft to deviate as the result of a combination of distraction, misinterpretation of his instrumentation display, and possible vertigo. The electrical disturbance early in the flight degraded the overall effectiveness of the aircraft's control system and further added to pilot workload. The MH-96 adaptive control system then caused the airplane to break up during reentry.

His remains were buried at the Mulhearn Memorial Park Cemetery, Monroe, Ouachita Parish, Louisiana.

Awards and honors
During his military career he was awarded:
 * Astronaut Wings, posthumously
 * Air Medal
 * Air Force Commendation Medal
 * Korean Service Medal
 * United Nations Service Medal for Korea
 * National Defense Service Medal with 1 Bronze Service Star
 * Air Force Longevity Service Award with 4 clusters
 * Air Force Good Conduct Medal
 * A.B. Honts Trophy

Memorials
In 1991, Adams's name was added to the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

On June 8, 2004, a memorial monument to Adams was erected near the crash site, northwest of Randsburg, California.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Michael J. Adams


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John Bosley (politician)

John William Bosley, (May 4, 1947 – April 28, 2022) was a Canadian politician. He was best known for having been Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada from November 5, 1984 to September 29, 1986.

Biography
Bosley received a BA in 1968 from Trinity College in the University of Toronto. Prior to his election to Parliament, he was a businessman. A member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, he was first elected in the 1979 election in the riding of Don Valley West in Toronto. He served as Parliamentary Secretary to Prime Minister Joe Clark.

He was re-elected in the 1980 and 1984 elections. After the 1984 election, he was named Speaker of the House of Commons.

On June 27, 1985, the House adopted changes to the Standing Orders, providing for the election of the Speaker by secret ballot. The first such election took place on September 30, 1986, when Bosley tendered his resignation, and presided over the election of John Fraser as the thirty-second Speaker of the House of Commons.

Bosley was re-elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the 1988 election. He ran against incumbent John Fraser in the second election for Speaker but was unsuccessful.

He was defeated in the 1993 general election in which the Progressive Conservative Party was reduced from 157 MPs to two.

Starting in 1993, Bosley served as Advisor on Institutional Development to Parliaments all over the world but primarily in sub-Saharan Africa.

In 2002, Bosley received the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal and in 2012 the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal.

He died from heart failure in Toronto on April 28, 2022, at the age of 74.

title: John Bosley (politician)


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The Days (American TV series)

The Days is an American drama series that aired on ABC from July 18 until August 22, 2004. Each episode chronicles 24 hours in the lives of the members of the fictional Day family.

The series was produced for ABC by MindShare Worldwide, a GroupM media agency within WPP Group that financed the series in exchange for ABC advertising time.

Plot
The plot revolves around a Philadelphia family, the Days. The father, Jack Day (David Newsom) is a corporate lawyer who quits his job at a pharmaceutical company in the midst of a mid-life crisis. His wife, Abby Day (Marguerite MacIntyre) has recently re-entered the work force as an executive for an advertising firm after taking time off to raise their children. The couple's eldest child, daughter Natalie Day (Laura Ramsey), is homecoming queen, a soccer star, and the most popular girl in school, until she finds out she's pregnant. Cooper Day (Evan Peters) is the middle child and an aspiring writer who counts the days until his graduation. He begins and ends each episode with a monologue of an entry in his journal. Nathan Day (Zachary Maurer) is the youngest child, a child prodigy, who attends a private school and frequently suffers panic attacks.

Cast

 * David Newsom as Jack Day
 * Marguerite MacIntyre as Abby Day
 * Evan Peters as Cooper Day
 * Laura Ramsey as Natalie Day
 * Zachary Maurer as Nathan Day

title: The Days (American TV series)


text:
List of members of the European Parliament for Poland, 2004–2009

This is the list of the 54 members of the European Parliament for Poland in the 2004 to 2009 session.


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Pittodrie Stadium

Pittodrie Stadium, commonly referred to as Pittodrie, is an all-seater stadium in Aberdeen, Scotland. Used primarily for football, it has been the home ground of the Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) club Aberdeen F.C. since they were formed in 1903. Prior to then, the ground hosted the original Aberdeen F.C. from 1899 until the merger that created the present club.

With a seating capacity of ; Pittodrie is the fourth largest stadium in the SPFL and the largest stadium in Scotland outside the Central Belt. Pittodrie has been the location of a number of firsts in the field of stadium design, including the invention of the dugout, and in 1978 became one of the first all-seater stadium in the United Kingdom.

, Pittodrie has hosted fifteen matches involving the Scotland national team. The ground has also staged rugby union, with four Scotland international fixtures being held there including a match against the Barbarians. In club football, Inverness Caledonian Thistle temporarily shared Pittodrie during part of the 2004–05 season.

History
The original Aberdeen football club was formed in 1881. They played at various venues within the city, until a former dung hill for police horses was cleared and readied for football in 1899. The land was leased from Mr Knight Erskine of Pittodrie, with an agreement to construct a terrace on what is now the site of the Richard Donald Stand. The first game, a 7–1 win over Dumbarton, was played on 2 September 1899. The club was merged on 18 April 1903 with two other local clubs, Victoria United and Orion, to form Aberdeen FC. 8000 spectators turned up to watch the new Aberdeen FC play its first game at Pittodrie, a 1–1 draw in the Northern League against Stenhousemuir on 15 August 1903. The club joined the Scottish Football League in 1904.

Increasing popularity of the team and rising attendances led to major developments at Pittodrie in the 1920s. The club purchased the ground, which they had been leasing, with the final payment made on 1 December 1920. The Main Stand, where the club offices, dressing rooms and trophy room are located, was constructed in 1925. This was partly funded by the sale of Alex Jackson to Huddersfield Town. Also in the 1920s, the dugout was introduced to football by Aberdeen coach Donald Colman, who was interested in sitting lower to the pitch in order to inspect the players' footwork.

The club won its first major trophy in 1947, when it won the Scottish Cup. With increased success came more additions to Pittodrie. The record attendance occurred on 13 March 1954, when 45,061 spectators turned up for a Scottish Cup match against Hearts. Floodlights were introduced at Pittodrie on 21 October 1959, when English league side Luton Town were beaten 3–2 in a friendly. By 1 August 1968, the Main Stand had become all-seated as part of a £100,000 improvement of the ground. This coincided with a change of name from Pittodrie Park to Pittodrie Stadium. On 6 February 1971, a fire destroyed part of the Main Stand, and gutted the dressing rooms and club offices. The Scottish Cup trophy, which was held by Aberdeen at the time, had to be rescued by firemen.

In 1978, Pittodrie became the first all-seated stadium in Great Britain, after the south terracing was fitted with bench style seating. This improvement pre-dated the Taylor Report on British football grounds by a decade and coincided with a distinct upturn in the fortunes of the home team, now managed by Alex Ferguson. The south side became the South Stand in 1980, following the installation of a cantilever roof which covered most of the seats. A year later, the benches were replaced by individual seats.

Both during the subsequent run in the 1980s and at numerous other times over the century the stadium has been in operation, there have been many memorable nights for the local fans. However, Pittodrie's greatest night is generally regarded as 16 March 1983. Aberdeen fought back from 2–1 down in a European Cup Winners' Cup quarter-final second leg tie against Bayern Munich to win 3–2. A full house witnessed this victory, which took the Dons through to the semi-finals, and they went on to win the trophy by defeating Real Madrid in the final. The club installed 24 executive boxes in the Main Stand, and built a new roof over the Merkland Road End in 1985. Undersoil heating was installed in 1987.

The most recent development of the stadium came in the 1992–93 season when the Beach End stand on the east side of the ground was demolished, with the new Richard Donald stand - named after the club's long serving chairman - constructed in its place. On 1 August 1993, the new stand was opened with a League Cup tie against Clydebank. The official opening was carried out later in 1993 by Princess Anne. It is currently the only two tier stand in the stadium. The stadium has remained relatively unchanged since then, although some minor improvements, such as the introduction of an electronic stadium entry system for the 2006–07 season, have been carried out.

The site of the stadium is only 550 yards away from the North Sea, and with only the King's Links golf course between the stadium and the beach, the ground is one of the coldest football grounds in Britain.

As a result of a ground sharing agreement, Pittodrie was used by Inverness Caledonian Thistle for their home matches during the early part of the 2004–05 season. This was required because Inverness CT's own Caledonian Stadium did not meet the requirements for entry into the Scottish Premier League until improvements were carried out and the seating capacity increased. In 2005 the stadium size criterion for entry to the SPL was reduced to 6,000, thereby allowing Inverness Caledonian Thistle to return to their home stadium partway during the season.

In March 2020 the club announced plans to reduce the operational capacity of Pittodrie to 15,500. Despite this, attendances in the 2023-24 season have been reported from 15,000 to 18,652.https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/aberdeen/attendances

Structure and facilities

The Main Stand was the original grandstand within the ground, and contains much of the staff and offices responsible for the day-to-day running of the stadium, from the boot room to the trophy room. Teams enter the pitch from a tunnel to the extreme left of this stand. As befits a main stand, this section of the ground includes both padded seating for club officials and VIPs, and several executive boxes at the rear. There are a number of pillars running along this stand, supporting the roof. As a consequence, views in some places are restricted. It remains, however, the most expensive stand from which to watch matches. To the east of the Main Stand is the club shop, which doubles as a ticket office.

The Richard Donald Stand is named after former club chairman Dick Donald. Completed in 1993, it houses over 6,000 fans, although this is a reduction on its Beach End predecessor. It is a cantilever construction with two tiers and a row of twelve executive boxes in between. It is commonly referred to as simply the "RDS". It was built by the present chairman's construction firm, the Stewart Milne Group, at a cost of £4.5 million. Within this stand are a number of banqueting rooms, which are used for corporate hospitality and outside bookings.

Taking its name from the street behind it, the Merkland Stand (also known as 'the Paddock' or 'King Street End') sits behind the goal, on the west of the ground. The Merkland is Aberdeen F.C.'s family stand, with reduced prices for under-twelves and families. There is also a section for disabled supporters near the pitch. The stand itself is a covered enclosure, with two pillars supporting the roof. The entrance to the stand is dominated by a façade constructed from granite, a local stone.

Named simply after its position within the ground, the South Stand was originally an undeveloped embankment which was later remodelled as a standing terrace. Seating and a cantilever roof were later added, although some of the 8,400 seats remain uncovered. Since 1993, the easternmost part of the stand has been used to house away fans. Sections P, Q and R are designated for this purpose. The television gantry and commentary positions are housed in this stand.

Future developments
Despite improvements and its ground-breaking past, it appears that the future of Pittodrie as a football stadium is uncertain. Plans are in action for the club to move to a New Aberdeen Stadium. The principle of a move, rather than a redevelopment of Pittodrie, has already been recommended by Aberdeen City Council. An earlier plan to move to the edge of the city, which corresponded with Scotland's failed joint bid for the Euro 2008 tournament, was scrapped.

In June 2006, the club's two major shareholders agreed a plan to sell the land on which the stadium sits to clear some of the club's debt.

During the late 2010s, construction began at Kingsford on the western edge of the city which led to the completion of a new training facility, Cormack Park, in 2019; however, the proposed stadium on the same site was put on hiatus due to economic issues, and in 2021 alternative designs at the city's beachfront close to Pittodrie were released.

Other uses
Since its construction, there have been fifteen Scotland international matches staged at Pittodrie. Normally the national team's home matches are played at Hampden Park in Glasgow, but during times of redevelopment of the national stadium, or matches which are expected to draw a low crowd, the Scottish Football Association has made use of other stadia in the country. Playing at Pittodrie, Scotland have won ten matches, drawn two and lost three. The most recent was a 1–0 loss to Netherlands on 9 November 2017.

Rugby union
Since 2005, Pittodrie has hosted four rugby union internationals.

Concerts
Pittodrie has been used for concerts; both Elton John and Rod Stewart have played at Pittodrie.

title: Pittodrie Stadium


text: User talk:64.230.165.22

title: User talk:64.230.165.22


text:
The Futureheads

The Futureheads are an English post-punk band from Sunderland, formed in 2000. The band consists of Ross Millard (vocals and guitar), David "Jaff" Craig (vocals and bass guitar) and brothers Barry Hyde (vocals and guitar) and Dave Hyde (drums). Their name comes from the title of the Flaming Lips album Hit to Death in the Future Head. The band's influences include new wave and post-punk bands such as Gang of Four, Devo, XTC, Wire and Fugazi.

Early days

The band met at City of Sunderland College as a quartet consisting of Barry Hyde (vocals and guitar), David "Jaff" Craig (vocals and bass guitar), Peter Brewis (drums), and Ross Millard (vocals and guitar). Millard and Craig had been in another local band together previously. They used the Sunderland City Detached Youth Project building (where Brewis and Hyde worked) as a free practice space, fitting since the project was intended to get young people off the streets by using music. They first performed in 2000, and through word-of-mouth their reputation in the local area grew. Hyde's younger brother Dave replaced Brewis (who went on to form Field Music).

In an interview with Channel 4's 4Music, Barry Hyde revealed that Dave Hyde was given a golden guitar by his parents when he was young. But Barry had taken it off him to learn to strum his first chords. Dave was left with nothing, forcing him to take up the drums.

2003–2005: self-titled first album
The Futureheads played their first gig at Ashbrooke Cricket and Rugby Club in December 2000. They debuted with their 2002 Nul Book Standard and 2003 1-2-3-Nul! EPs, and later that year released their first single, "First Day", on 4 August. "First Day" peaked at No. 58 on the UK Singles Chart in August 2003.

The Futureheads released their self-titled debut album in September 2004 on 679 Recordings. Five of the tracks were produced by Andy Gill of Gang of Four. The rest of the album was produced by Paul Epworth. The song "Decent Days and Nights" from the album was featured in the video game soundtrack to Burnout 3 on PlayStation 2 and Xbox as well as EA's Rugby 2005.

On 21 February 2005, "Hounds of Love", a cover of the Kate Bush song, was released as a single. It reached number eight on the UK Singles Chart in its first week, and was named Single of the Year by NME. The band toured the United States with Franz Ferdinand and later supported the Pixies, Foo Fighters and Snow Patrol.

They performed at BBC Radio One's One Big Weekend, held in their home town of Sunderland over the weekend of 7–8 May 2005. On 8 May 2005, Sunderland A.F.C. picked up the Championship trophy. In tribute, the Futureheads performed a set live at the Stadium of Light as pre-match entertainment.

2005–2006: News and Tributes

The stand-alone EP, Area was released in November 2005 while the band was working on their second album News and Tributes (name inspired by the Munich air disaster in 1958), which, according to NME in February 2006, took only five weeks to produce. The first single from the album was "Skip to the End" released on 15 May. The album News and Tributes was first released on 29 May 2006.

The band became disillusioned with major label music business and being under contract, and were released by 679 Recordings. Hyde said: "we were desperate to get out of the record deal, they could easily have kept us and made us try and make more records but we didn't want that'.

2006–2008: This Is Not the World
Throughout the rest of 2006, The Futureheads started their own independent record label, Nul Records, and started working on songs for their next album.

In June 2007, they reportedly completed work on their third album, This Is Not the World, which was released in May 2008. Millard said that he expected the new album to be punkier than the last album. He also revealed that the band was close to splitting during the time after the second album was released.

The band made a free download called "Broke Up the Time" available from their website on 9 November 2007. They also announced three gigs in the UK followed by a full UK tour and set up their own label, Nul Records exclusively to distribute Futureheads material. In December 2007, the band released a video of them walking around Carnaby Street, London to the single "The Beginning of the Twist". It was also accompanied by a free download of a song called "Crash".

The second single from their album, "Radio Heart" was released on 19 May 2008 from their album This Is Not The World followed by the release of the music video for the single on 16 April. A third single from the album, "Walking Backwards", was released on 4 August 2008.

2008–2010: The Chaos
The single "I Wouldn't Be Like This If You Were Here" was released on 8 December 2008. In 2009, the band played at the biggest open-air festival in Europe – Przystanek Woodstock in Poland. In November 2009, the band allowed fans to download a new free track, "Struck Dumb", for a period of two weeks. The band released their fourth album entitled The Chaos, on 26 April 2010 in the UK. The Chaos was released in the US on 1 June 2010 on Dovecote Records.

2011–2019: Rant, and hiatus
In 2011, the Futureheads performed in an event organised by the Sunderland A.F.C. foundation called Foundation of Light.

The Futureheads released their fifth full-length album, Rant, on 2 April 2012. In a change from their usual style, this album is entirely a cappella. The album contains re-recordings of Futureheads songs, their own renditions of several traditional folk songs plus several covers of pop and dance songs. Rant was nominated for the Artrocker Album of the Year award in 2012.

In a 2015 interview on BBC Radio 6 Music, Dave Hyde said that the Futureheads are no longer a working band, with both his brother Barry and Jaff teaching; Barry Hyde was also working on a "piano-based" solo album. However, the band got together to record a health awareness video using their song "Heartbeat Song" for BUPA which was released in April 2016.

2019–present: Reunion, and Powers
In January 2019, the band announced on social media they had reformed, had written and recorded new material during 2018, and their first tour dates since 2013. On 5 June, they released "Jekyll", the lead single from their first album in seven years, Powers, which was later released on 30 August.

Other projects
Ross Millard is a member of Frankie & the Heartstrings, contributing to their third album Decency in 2015. Dave Hyde is one-half of the duo Hyde & Beast with Neil Bassett, formerly of the Golden Virgins. Jaff occasionally performs with School of Language.

In June 2016, Barry Hyde released his debut solo album, Malody, on Sirenspire Records. The previous year he released Ivory Cutlery online - an EP containing Ivor Cutler covers. The debut album was recorded at First Avenue Studios in Heaton, Newcastle with Dave Curle in late 2014 and early 2015. Malody (a cross between the words "melody" and "malady") features 11 songs, including two cover versions: "Sometimes It Snows in April" by Prince and "Lonely" by Tom Waits. The album, especially in the first five tracks (under-titled "The Malody Suite"), chronicles Hyde's personal experiences with chronic mental illness, a subject which he has spoken openly about in interviews and performances.

Members

 * Ross Millard – vocals, guitar
 * Barry Hyde (born 25 June 1981, in Sunderland) – vocals, guitar
 * David "Jaff" Craig – vocals, bass guitar
 * Dave Hyde – drums

Past members

 * Peter Brewis – drums (2000)
 * Alex Roberts - guitar (2010-2011)

Discography

 * The Futureheads (2004)
 * News and Tributes (2006)
 * This Is Not the World (2008)
 * The Chaos (2010)
 * Rant (2012)
 * Powers (2019)

title: The Futureheads


text:
List of members of the European Parliament for Portugal, 2004–2009

This is a list of the 24 members of the European Parliament for Portugal in the 2004 to 2009 session.


text:
Talk:Index of Australia-related articles

Inclusion Policy
This sort of list with no extra content can be replaced by a (hierarchy) of categories, can't it? If not, what level of Australian articles should be included? E.g. States, State Capitals, iconic fauna, iconic flaura, ...

I ask because there's clearly many more articles that could be added just to complete the above sets. (Brisbane and Adelaide for a start.)

 * I think list articles like this are a good example of the kind of article that should be replaced with categories - see Category:Australia. -- Chuq 03:04, 3 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree with you. IMHO the effective removal of Category:Australian MHRs is deference to Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 2001-2004 or Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 2004-2007, etc, seems to be a reduction in Wikipedia functionality.
 * IMHO each past and present MHR (that has an entry) should should be in the MHRs category, and the category page should point to the list page, which is are useful pages, but serve a different purpose to categories, which are effectively indexes.
 * Otherwise, to provide similar functionality, every MHR page needs a See also pointing to their relevant list page, which seems silly to me.
 * BTW I tried to locate the previous Reference desk discussion regarding this topic pointed to from Category_talk:Australian MHRs but didn't find it. (Google only finds Talk:John Howard.) Any one have a working link to it?
 * Mark Hurd 12:12, 3 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * I added a new link to that talk page with a pointer to the discussion -- Chuq 23:39, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)

add to articles?
Did you want this template Template:Australia topics put on all the articles which are on it? Astrokey44 |talk 09:13, 8 December 2005 (UTC)


text:
Kuato

Kuato may refer to:
 * Kuato Studios, a video game company based in London
 * A character in Total Recall (1990 film)

title: Kuato


text:
User talk:Yincrash

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Vote for deletion alert
I see from the page history for Cut Ending to Knights of the Old Republic II that you once edited it. I thought you would like to know that there is a VfD on that page now at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Votes_for_deletion/Cut_Ending_to_Knights_of_the_Old_Republic_II. Please stop in there and comment on this vote! --maru 15:53, 11 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Nomination of View Askewniverse for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article View Askewniverse is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

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ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:48, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yincrash


text:
List of members of the European Parliament for Slovakia, 2004–2009

This is a list of the 14 members of the European Parliament for Slovakia in the 2004 to 2009 session.


text: Category:Morrison County, Minnesota

title: Category:Morrison County, Minnesota


text:
Gundeshapur

Gundeshapur (, Weh-Andiōk-Šābuhr; New Persian: گندی‌شاپور, Gondēshāpūr) was the intellectual centre of the Sassanid Empire and the home of the Academy of Gundeshapur, founded by Sassanid Emperor Shapur I. Gundeshapur was home to a teaching hospital and had a library and a centre of higher learning. It has been identified with extensive ruins south of Shahabad, a village 14 km south-east of Dezful, to the road for Shushtar, in the present-day province of Khuzestan, southwest Iran.

The town fell into decline after the Islamic conquest of Persia, the city surrendering in 638. However, it continued to remain an important centre in the Islamic period. Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar, the founder of the Saffarid dynasty, made Gundeshapur his residence three years before his sudden death in 879. His tomb became one of the most prominent sites in the city.

Name
The Middle Persian word Gondēšāpūr (or Gundēšāpūr) may be from the Persian expression wandēw Šāpūr, means "acquired by Shapur", or from Gund-dēz-i Shāpūr, means "military fortress of Shapur", or from Weh-Andiyok-Shāpūr, "Better-than-Antioch of Shapur". It is known as گندی‌شاپور Gondēshāpūr in New Persian.

In Classical Syriac, the town was called ܒܝܬ ܠܦܛ Bēth Lapaṭ,; in Greek Bendosabora; and in جنديسابور Jundaysābūr.

The Rise of Gundeshapur
After his conquest of the Roman city of Antioch in 256, the Sasanian King of Kings (shahanshah) Shapur I founded the city of Gundeshapur, situated between Susa and Shushtar. The city, constructed as a place to settle Roman prisoners of war, subsequently became a Sasanian royal winter residence and the capital of the Khuzistan province. Gundeshapur was one of the four main cities of the province, along with Susa, Karka d-Ledan, and Shushtar. Gundeshapur was mainly inhabited by Christians, and served as the East-Syrian metropolitan see of Bet Huzaye.

Most scholars believe Shāpur I, son of Ardeshir (Artaxexes), to have founded the city after defeating a Roman army led by Emperor Valerian. Gundeshapur was a garrison town and housed many Roman prisoners of war. Shāpur I made Gundeshapur his capital.

Shāpur's wife, the daughter of Aurelian, lived in the capital with him. She brought with her two Greek physicians who settled in the city and taught Hippocratic medicine.

In 489, the Nestorian theological and scientific center in Edessa was ordered closed by the Byzantine emperor Zeno, and transferred itself to become the School of Nisibis or Nisibīn, then under Persian rule with its secular faculties at Gundeshapur, Khuzestan. Here, scholars, together with Pagan philosophers banished from Athens by Justinian in 529, carried out important research in medicine, astronomy, and mathematics".

It was under the rule of the Sassanid monarch Khusraw I (531-579 CE), called Anushiravan "The Immortal" and known to the Greeks and Romans as Chosroes, that Gundeshapur became known for medicine and erudition. Khusraw I gave refuge to various Greek philosophers, Nestorian Assyrians fleeing religious persecution by the Byzantine empire.

The emperor commissioned the refugees to translate Greek and Syriac texts into Pahlavi. They translated various works on medicine, astronomy, astrology, philosophy, and useful crafts.

Anushiravan also turned towards the east, and sent the famous physician Borzouye to invite Indian and Chinese scholars to Gundeshapur. These visitors translated Indic texts on astronomy, astrology, mathematics and medicine and Chinese texts on herbal medicine and religion. Borzouye is said to have himself translated the still popular Indic Pañcatantra from Sanskrit into Persian as Kelile væ Demne.

Many Assyrians settled in Gundeshapur during the fifth century. The Assyrians were most of all medical doctors from Urfa, which was during that time, home to the leading medical center. Teaching in the Academy was done in Syriac until the city fell to Arab-Islamic armies, which destroyed the city and places of learning.

Gundeshapur under Arab-Islamic rule
Sassanid Persia fell to Arab-Islamic armies in 638 CE. The academy survived the change of rulers and persisted for several centuries, by projecting itself as a Muslim institute of higher learning. In 832 CE, Caliph al-Ma'mūn founded the Bayt al-Hikma, the House of Wisdom. There the methods of Gundeshapur were emulated since the House of Wisdom was staffed with graduates of the older Academy of Gundeshapur who had been trained heavily in Indic and some Greek and Iranian medical traditions. It is believed that the House of Wisdom was disbanded under Al-Mutawakkil, Al-Ma'mūn's successor who felt learning conflicted with the information given in the Quran. In addition, the intellectual center of the Abbasid Caliphate had shifted to the Arab stronghold of Baghdad, as henceforth there are few references in contemporary literature to universities or hospitals at Gundeshapur.

Gundeshapur had been major link between Indic and some Greek medicine, because of its previous practices of combining the medical traditions, therefore the transition from earlier ancient civilisations to later Islamic appropriation was more coherent.

The last attested head of the Gundeshapur hospital was Sābur bin Sahl who died in 869. The fate of the hospital after this is unknown.

Recent academic doubts
Some scholars have cast doubts on the existence of the hospital at Gundeshapur by claiming that there are no known surviving Persian sources "that would corroborate the claims that [Gundeshapur] played a crucial role in medical history". It has been assumed that a medical center at Gundeshapur would have resembled the School of Nisibis. What is more likely is there existed a seminary, like the one in Nisibis, where medical texts were read, and an infirmary, where medicine was practiced.

Additionally, Gundeshapur's reputation may have been conflated with that of Susa, a city to the west of Gundeshapur and with which Gundesahur was administratively linked. Ath-Tha'ālibi, a scholar with access to Sassanian royal annals, discussing pre-Islamic Persia, wrote: "Thus, the people of Sūs [Susa] became the most skilled in medicine of the people of Ahwāz and Fārs because of their learning from the Indian doctor [who was brought to Susa by Shāhpūr I] and from the Greek prisoners who lived close to them; then [the medical knowledge] was handed down from generation to generation." On the other hand, the same source might be another confirmation of the medical reputation of Gundeshapur as Susa may represent the whole local region which included Gundeshapur (as they were administratively linked). This is enforced by the fact that Ahwāz and Fārs, mentioned in the quote for comparison to Susa, were regions as well, an indication that regions were being compared.

title: Gundeshapur


text:
List of members of the European Parliament for Slovenia, 2004–2009

This is the list of the 7 members of the European Parliament for Slovenia in the 2004 to 2009 session.


text:
User talk:PeterWSS

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Thanks, I am here from wiki sex site And I thought it was cool to have the same login across wikis.

Please do not edit other people's user pages. It is considered rude. -Branddobbe 09:03, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:PeterWSS


text:
Tannadice Park

Tannadice Park (Pàirc Thanachais), usually referred to as Tannadice, is a football stadium in Dundee, Scotland. It is the home ground of Dundee United F.C., who have played at Tannadice since the club was founded as Dundee Hibernian in 1909. The stadium has been all-seated since 1994 and has a capacity of. It is located only 200 yards (183 metres) from Dundee F.C.'s stadium, Dens Park; the two are the closest senior football grounds in the UK.

The ground was previously known as Clepington Park, and was used by a number of local teams in the 19th century. It was the home of Dundee Wanderers F.C. from 1894 until 1909, including their single season in membership of the Scottish Football League (1894–95). The name of the ground was changed to Tannadice when Dundee Hibernian took over the lease in 1909.

Early days (1870s–1919)
The ground that is now Tannadice (then called Clepington Park) was first used for football in the 1870s, when the surrounding area of Dundee was still largely open countryside. In July 1882, Dundee East End secured the use of Clepington Park for the coming season, remaining there until the following year, when they moved to Madeira Park. Clepington was also used by newly formed junior club Dundee Violet during the 1883–84 season.

Both clubs vacated Clepington in 1884; Violet relocated to Fairmuir, while East End had spells at Madeira Park and Pitkero Park before returning to Clepington in 1887. They remained there until moving to Carolina Port, the most developed ground in Dundee at the time, in 1891. East End would subsequently amalgamate with Dundee Our Boys to form Dundee F.C. in 1893. Clepington Park was subsequently taken over by Johnstone Wanderers, who had begun as an offshoot of Our Boys.

By this time, the surrounding modern street pattern had begun to emerge, with Provost Road, Arklay Street, and Clepington Road all having been laid out. West of Arklay Street remained open land while the east was being developed. By 1890, one of the new streets leading off Arklay Street had been given the name Tannadice Street. The Tannadice name comes from the fact that the Clepington lands had belonged to Neish family of Tannadice and Clepington, who are also commemorated in the name of the adjacent Neish Street.

In 1891, Johnstone Wanderers decided to enclose Clepington to enable them to charge for admission. In conjunction, it was decided to utilise the natural slope roughly a hundred yards to the west (below what is now Sandeman Street) in order to provide better views for spectators. As well as enclosing the new pitch, now situated on approximately its modern alignment, the club built a modest grandstand, a simple uncovered wooden structure with bench seating. It probably housed no more than 500 spectators.

In January 1894 Johnstone Wanderers merged with another local club, Strathmore, to form Dundee Wanderers. The new combination successfully applied for Scottish Football League membership and Clepington Park staged its first Scottish League fixture against Motherwell on 25 August 1894.

Wanderers struggled at national level, however, and were not re-elected at the end of the season, dropping down to the Northern League. From 1899, Wanderers had to contend with considerable competition for local support with the opening of Dens Park, the new Dundee F.C. ground. This was situated almost opposite Clepington, where the extended Tannadice Street met Sandeman Street at an angle. The two grounds are approximately 200 yards apart, which is the shortest distance between two senior football grounds in Britain. Only the grounds of two clubs in Budapest, MTK and BKV Elore, are closer together than Dens and Tannadice in the whole of Europe, as their grounds back onto each other.

New owners (1909)
1909 saw the formation of Dundee Hibernian, a new club representing the city's Irish community, which had previously supported Dundee Harp. As much of the local Irish population was concentrated in the Lochee district, it was assumed the Hibs would seek to set up home in that area. However, rather than building a new ground from scratch, the new club's secretary Pat Reilly took the controversial step of approaching the landlord of Clepington Park to secure a ready-made venue. The Hibs committee made an offer to the landlords which exceeded what Wanderers were paying; as a result, the established tenants were informed that their lease would not be renewed for the coming season.

The extent of Wanderers' anger at this development is evident from their decision to effectively dismantle Clepington's fixtures and fittings. The grandstand, changing rooms, fencing and even the goalposts were removed, leaving Hibs with an open field rather than the ready-made ground they had envisaged. Nevertheless, the new club took over the lease, and a decision was taken to emphasise the new era by changing the name of the ground, Tannadice Park being adopted from the name of the street on which the ground's main entrance would be situated.

Hibs' first priority was to re-equip Tannadice for the new season and a new grandstand and fencing were soon provided. A cricket-style pavilion housing dressing rooms was constructed in the south east corner of the ground, where the players' tunnel is today; this survived until 1961. An indication of the rapid development of the new Tannadice is contained in a report from the city's Evening Telegraph, 21 July 1909:"The pavilion is a splendid two-storey structure built of brick, containing two large dressing-rooms, two committee rooms, press box and referee’s room. The pavilion will be lit by electricity. The stand on the road side will be the whole length of the field and will seat about 1,000 people."

Hibs and United (1909–1959)
The club's and the ground's inaugural match was against Hibernian on 18 August 1909, in front of a crowd of 7,000. The original capacity of Tannadice Park was around 10,000, the terracings were specially extended and additional temporary seating erected for a Qualifying Cup-tie against Forfar Athletic in 1913; all of this was necessary to allow a record crowd to be accommodated, and the reported attendance was 15,000.

Dundee Hibs was renamed Dundee United in 1923, after a consortium had taken over the club and obtained re-election to the Scottish Football League.

No improvements to the ground were made until Dundee United won promotion to Division One for the first time in 1925. The Scottish League Management Committee informed the club that Tannadice would be subject to an inspection during the close season to ensure that it was up to the standard required for the higher level, and this clearly concentrated the directors' minds. Since 1909, Tannadice had been leased, but the board now decided to buy the ground, paying £2,500. Extensive renovations were then begun, the first to the pitch. There was a steep upwards slope towards the corner where the George Fox and East Stands now meet, and this necessitated solid rock being blasted to enable it to be levelled. There is still a slope of approximately 2 metres from north-west to south-east today. For the first time, proper terracings were constructed, while the pavilion was given a facelift and new turnstiles were built.

During the Second World War, United were forced to close down temporarily in 1940 due to there being no senior league operating in the area. As a result, an associated junior club, Dundee United Juniors, was formed to play at Tannadice. Although United returned to senior football in 1941, United Juniors continued to share the ground until they closed down in 1944.

The various financial crises which beset the club in the 1930s and its general lack of success on the pitch prevented any further ground improvements until 1953. At that time, the north terracing was concreted and four years later the same was done at both ends. During the close season of 1957, an important development took place with the construction of the Shed, which was opened in September of that year.

The Kerr and McLean eras (1959–1992)
The new Main Stand, opened in August 1962, was the first in Scotland to be constructed with a cantilever roof to provide column-free viewing for spectators. It was intended at the time that the whole ground would be re-built in a similar manner, but due to lack of finance no further building took place. This meant that the stand, which had a very tight spacing between the rows of seats, is an unusual L-shape around the south-eastern corner of the ground. The stand was also the first in Scotland to have a glass fronted lounge for the benefit of sponsors. This was opened in 1971 and overlooked the pitch, something that is now a common sight in football grounds across the country.

Much of the stadium's development in the 1950s and 60s was funded by the introduction of 'Taypools' a football pool run by a separate development club known as the 'Dundee United Sportsmen's Club' all profits of which went to the football club. The scheme was introduced in 1955 by directors Johnstone Grant and George Fox having seen a similar scheme in operation at Nottingham Forest

The stadium celebrated its centenary in 1983 - the year that Dundee United won their first and to date only league title. Under-soil heating was installed during the close season of 1985 at a reported cost of £100,000, United were the fourth Scottish club to have the facility, following Queen's Park, Rangers and Hibernian. Unfortunately the first time the under-soil heating was called into action was when a fairly heavy snowfall started during the UEFA Cup 3rd round first leg tie against Neuchâtel Xamax on 27 November 1985 and the system failed.

1988 saw the covering of the small enclosure adjacent to the Main Stand. This was named the Fair Play enclosure as it was financed by a cash award made by UEFA following the sporting behaviour of United fans following the 1987 UEFA Cup Final 2nd leg. The funds were awarded to the club with a clear stipulation from UEFA that it should be used to improve spectator facilities.

Modern Tannadice (1992–present)
At the time of the Taylor Report on football ground safety, which was published in January 1990, Tannadice had a capacity of 22,310, but only 2,252 seats (all in the 1962 Main Stand). For a period in 1990, Dundee United considering sharing a new stadium with Dundee, but decided to redevelop Tannadice in 1991.

Many modifications were made at Tannadice in order to bring the stadium up to modern standards. Two new grandstands were constructed in the early nineties. The two tiered George Fox stand, was built in 1992 and is named after a former chairman of the club. The East Stand, a similar two tiered construction was built in 1994, and was renamed the Eddie Thompson stand in 2008. The latest stand to be constructed was the Fair Play stand in 1997. This stand form an extension to the Jerry Kerr stand along one side of the pitch, and now houses away fans on match day. Tangerine plastic seating was installed in the West Stand at the same time, with black seats spelling out 'DUFC'. This development made Tannadice an all seater stadium. Several lesser modifications have taken place since the start of the 21st century, namely to allow participation in European competition. In 2009, the traditional flood lights were removed and replaced with a brighter roof mounted lighting system, and in 2010 the original wooden seats in the Jerry Kerr stand were removed and replaced with tangerine plastic seating.

The roof of the Jerry Kerr Stand was damaged in November 2021 by Storm Arwen, which forced the stand to be closed for a league match against Celtic.

Stadium layout
Tannadice is an all-seater stadium and has been so since 1994. The various stands are as follows:

The Jerry Kerr Stand: Originally built in 1962, it was the first cantilevered stand at a football ground in Scotland and only the third in the UK (after Sheffield Wednesday and Scunthorpe).

Particularly notable for its unusual L-shaped construction, the stand runs from the halfway line on the south (Tannadice Street) side of the pitch, bending around the ground's south east corner, to end slightly along the east goal-line. The only seated accommodation at the ground prior to the post-Taylor Report redevelopment, it was known simply as the Main Stand until 2003, when it was renamed in honour of Jerry Kerr, the manager who had overseen its construction. The development of other parts of Tannadice has meant that this stand is now normally reserved for away supporters.

The Jim McLean Fair Play Stand: The most recent addition to the stadium, opened in 1997. Although separately named, it is effectively an extension of the old Main Stand to cover the entirety of the ground's south side. The name derives from the Fair Play Enclosure, a small enclosed terrace which previously occupied this corner of Tannadice, and itself named for the award given to United and their fans by FIFA following the club's run to the 1987 UEFA Cup Final. This stand is also reserved for visiting supporters. It was renamed after the club's most successful manager Jim McLean in 2011.

The West Stand: Invariably referred to by its historic nickname, The Shed, it retains its original roof construction dating from 1957; between then and 1980, it was the only covered standing area at Tannadice, therefore becoming the most popular and atmospheric part of the ground. Since 1994, seats have been installed on the original terracing, parts of which are still visible at the corners. With season ticket holders now accommodated in the more modern parts of the stadium, the Shed can be allocated to either home or away supporters as demand dictates.

The George Fox Stand: Named after a long serving club director, this two-tier stand was built in 1991–92 along the north side of the ground and was the first phase in the conversion of Tannadice to meet all-seater requirements. It is allocated to home supporters.

The Eddie Thompson Stand: Opened in 1994 as the East Stand, and with a similar design to the adjacent George Fox Stand, it also has two tiers of seating. The East Stand now houses the loudest and most passionate elements of the United support, whereas George Fox patrons have the reputation of being somewhat more restrained in their behaviour. As such, this end of Tannadice is the spiritual heir of the old "Shed". In March 2008, the stand was renamed after the then terminally ill club chairman, Eddie Thompson.

Attendance records
Official attendance figures are largely unavailable in Scottish football prior to the 1980s, other than for Scottish Cup ties, but the following figures as reported in the media give a guide to the progressive record attendance figures at Tannadice down the years.

Dundee Hibs' first match at Tannadice, a friendly against Hibernian of Edinburgh on 18 August 1909, was watched by a crowd of 7,000. This figure appears to be in excess of any crowd to watch a league fixture at the ground prior to the First World War. Cup ties tended to attract higher attendances in this era, and after the terraces were specially extended to accommodate the expected large crowd, 15,000 watched a Scottish Qualifying Cup tie against Forfar Athletic on 1 November 1913.

Promotion to the top flight in 1925 saw further ground improvements and two new records set, firstly when 20,000 were estimated to have watched Celtic's visit on 19 September 1925. Then a much larger than anticipated crowd of 23,517 packed in to watch an important late season Tayside derby against St Johnstone on 17 April 1926, with both clubs fighting relegation.

The largest crowd to have watched a League fixture at Tannadice was 25,000 in the derby against Dundee on 3 January 1927. This remained the overall record until 23 February 1952, when 26,407 saw a Scottish Cup tie against Aberdeen, the all-time record for any domestic fixture on the ground. To date, the official record attendance at Tannadice remains the 28,000 who watched the club's home European debut, an Inter-Cities Fairs Cup match against FC Barcelona on 16 November 1966. Since then, in common with many other grounds, safety legislation and conversion to all-seating has drastically reduced Tannadice's capacity, with the modern stadium holding little over half that number.

Football
Tannadice staged a B international match between Scotland and Turkey in December 2003.

Greyhound racing
Tannadice was the first venue in Dundee to stage greyhound racing when it came to the city in 1928. The first meeting took place on 18 May 1928. The track was independent (unlicensed) and meetings were held regularly on Saturdays and Wednesdays during the summer. Despite reasonable crowds the layout of the venue was not particularly suited to racing and it ended during the same year. Dens Park would become Dundee's regular greyhound venue from 1932.

Boxing
On 1 January 1941, during a season when Dundee United were inactive due to the Second World War, a boxing match was staged at Tannadice. Local boxer Jim Brady defeated Kid Tanner of British Guiana to win the British Empire bantamweight title in front of 3,500 spectators.

title: Tannadice Park


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List of members of the European Parliament for Spain, 2004–2009

This is a list of the 54 members of the European Parliament for Spain in the 2004 to 2009 session.


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Jijé

Joseph Gillain, better known by his pen name Jijé (13 January 1914 – 19 June 1980), was a Belgian comics artist, best known for being a seminal artist on the Spirou et Fantasio strip (and for having introduced the Fantasio character) and the creator of one of the first major European western strips, Jerry Spring.

Biography
Born Joseph Gillain in Gedinne, Namur, he completed various art studies (woodcraft, goldsmithing, drawing and painting) at the abbey of Maredsous. In 1936, he created his first comics character, Jojo in the catholic newspaper Le Croisé. Jojo was heavily influenced by The Adventures of Tintin, but Jijé gradually developed his own style. Soon a second series followed, Blondin et Cirage, for the catholic youth magazine Petits Belges. Jijé also produced many illustrations for various Walloon magazines.

In 1939, he started to work for the new Spirou magazine, where he would produce the largest part of his oeuvre and with whom he would remain associated with until the end of his life. Because the magazine could not receive foreign comic strip material during the war, as the main local artist, he drew most of the comics during that period. He took over the main series, Spirou et Fantasio, from the Frenchman Rob-Vel: he added the sidekick Fantasio to the lone hero Spirou in order to add some comic relief in the series. He then created his own series, Jean Valhardi, and drew episodes of the American series published during the war, like Red Ryder and Superman, when due to the war, the American pages could not reach the publisher.

His Catholic faith inspired biographies of Don Bosco and Christopher Columbus, as well as a gospel in comics form, Emmanuel. After the war, he handed over his existing series' to younger artists: André Franquin got Spirou et Fantasio, Eddy Paape Jean Valhardi and Victor Hubinon Blondin et Cirage. In the 1950s, he drew new adventures of Jean Valhardi and Blondin et Cirage, while starting a new series, the western Jerry Spring. He also drew a biography of Baden-Powell. In the mid-1960s, he took over the artwork of Tanguy et Laverdure from Albert Uderzo and Redbeard from Victor Hubinon, both in Pilote magazine. He died at Versailles after a prolonged illness.

Style and appreciation
Jijé is one of the few European artists to have worked on both realistic and humorous features. After starting in a Hergé-like Ligne claire style, he went on to create his own distinctive style, the so-called Atom style. This style mixed elements of the Ligne Claire with Art Déco elements, and became one of the defining styles of the Franco-Belgian comics. He also had a few young cartoonists living with him in his studio in Waterloo, thus creating the so-called "School of Marcinelle": this included André Franquin, Morris, and Will. Other famous artists working in the style and influence of the School of Marcinelle include Peyo, Jean Roba and Eddy Paape. Together with Franquin, Jijé is considered to be the father of the Atom style, which has had a revival since the 1980s with artists like Yves Chaland and Ever Meulen.

But Jijé was also the first master of the Franco-Belgian realistic comic, with Jerry Spring. Both his drawing style and his writing was very influential and groundbreaking. Later students of Jijé, not really working in the Atom style or the School of Marcinelle, include Jean Giraud (aka Moebius), Jean-Claude Mézières and Guy Mouminoux. Artist Jean Giraud started working in the style of Jijé before developing his own style.

He is held in high esteem by many of his peers, both those he tutored like Franquin and Moebius, and others. Tibet, author of Ric Hochet and Chick Bill, and for the major part of his career working for rival Tintin magazine, has said that "If Hergé is considered as God the Father, then Jijé undoubtedly is the Godfather".

In his writing, he can be seen as a transitional figure between the classic hero-driven comics like Alix or Michel Vaillant, and the modern anti-heroes like Blueberry or the works of Hermann Huppen. Jerry Spring still was the perfect, flawless hero, but the rest of the cast was no longer strictly divided into heroes, victims and villains, and no longer was the Native American the bloodthirsty figure he often was in earlier comics. A similar early anti-racist message was also given by Blondin et Cirage, with a white and a black boy featured as equals.

He also pursued sculpting and painting, mainly for his private use or for family and friends. His illustrations for stories like The Count of Monte Cristo (in the Belgian magazine Bonnes Soirées with René Follet) mix elements from his comic work and his paintings into one decorative style.

In 2004, the Maison de la Bande Dessinée, a comics museum in Brussels dedicated to his works was created, later expanding its focus to the work of Jijé as well as the creators he has influenced.

Awards

 * 1975: Grand Prix Saint-Michel of the city of Brussels, Belgium
 * 1976: Stripschapprijs, Netherlands
 * 1977: Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême, France

title: Jijé


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List of members of the European Parliament for Sweden, 2004–2009

This is a list of the 19 members of the European Parliament for Sweden in the 2004 to 2009 session.


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User:PeterWSS

Hello I am Peter, from Wiki Sex Site. I am here to learn hot to work on a wiki.

title: User:PeterWSS


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Baseball glove

A baseball glove or mitt is a large glove worn by baseball players of the defending team, which assists players in catching and fielding balls hit by a batter or thrown by a teammate. Gloves are traditionally made of leather; but today other options exist, such as PVC and synthetic leather.

By convention, the glove is described by the handedness of the intended wearer, rather than the hand on which the glove is worn: a glove that fits on the left hand—used by a right-handed thrower—is called a right-handed (RH) or "right-hand throw" (RHT) glove. Conversely, a left-handed glove (LH or LHT) is worn on the right hand, allowing the player to throw the ball with the left hand.

History
Early baseball was a game played without gloves. During the gradual transition to gloves, a player who continued to play without one was called a barehanded catcher; this did not refer to the position of catcher, but rather to the practice of catching with bare hands. The earliest glove was not webbed and not particularly well suited for catching but was used more to swat a ball to the ground so that it could be picked up.

One of the first players believed to have used a baseball glove was Doug Allison, a catcher for the Cincinnati Red Stockings, in 1870, due to an injured left hand. The first confirmed glove use was by Charlie Waitt, a St. Louis outfielder and first baseman who, in 1875, donned a pair of flesh-colored gloves. Glove use slowly caught on as more and more players began using different forms of gloves.

Many early baseball gloves were simple leather gloves with the fingertips cut off, supposedly to allow for the same control of a bare hand but with extra padding. Pitcher, first baseman and outfielder Albert Spalding, originally skeptical of glove use, influenced more infielders to begin using gloves. Spalding later founded the sporting goods company Spalding, which still manufactures baseball gloves, along with other sports equipment. By the mid-1890s, it was normal for players to wear gloves in the field.

In the early 1900s baseball glove manufacturers started experimenting with a "full web" or "web-pocketed" gloves, gloves with a small 0.5 ~ 1 piece of leather connecting the thumb and index finger. Unlike current webbing, this was often made of a single piece of leather fully connected to both fingers of the glove, not with strips of leather connecting both sides of the glove as would be seen starting in the 1920s. John Snell attributes the decrease in errors over the course of the beginning of the 1900s in part to this change in glove design, and argues that "This modification to the glove represented a fundamental change in the way the glove was perceived; it was no longer merely a piece of protective gear but rather a specialized tool for better fielding".

In 1920, Bill Doak, a pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals, suggested that a web be placed between the first finger and the thumb in order to create a pocket. This design soon became the standard for baseball gloves. Doak patented his design and sold it to Rawlings. His design became the precursor to modern gloves and enabled Rawlings to become the preferred glove of professional players.

For many years, it was customary for fielders to leave their gloves on the field when their team went in to bat. This practice was prohibited by the major leagues in 1954.

Baseball gloves have grown progressively larger since their inception. While catching in baseball had always been two-handed, gloves eventually grew to a size that made it easier to catch the ball in the webbing of the glove, using the off-hand to keep the ball from falling out. A glove is typically worn on the non-dominant hand, leaving the dominant hand for throwing the ball; for example, a right-handed player would wear a glove on their left hand.

The shape and size of the baseball glove are governed by official baseball rules. Section 3.00 - EQUIPMENT AND UNIFORMS specifies glove dimensions and materials in parts 3.04 through 3.07.

Modern day
The structure and quality of the baseball glove have developed greatly over the past century. Today, the production of baseball gloves is much more precise and efficient. This has greatly increased the usefulness and accessibility of baseball gloves to the general population. Currently, Easton is "experimenting with combining leather and Kevlar (used in bullet-proof vests) in a new ultra-lightweight glove line". Manufacturers have also designed new, non-traditional types of gloves to suit non-traditional players. Also, manufacturers are personalizing gloves for high-caliber players to help increase their exposure on national television.

Although there have been numerous advances in baseball glove design, the greatest arguably came with the advent of the catcher's mitt. Yet despite state-of-the-art mitts being used by catchers, a Wake Forest University study of 39 U.S. minor-league players demonstrated that the mitts still do not offer enough protection from hand and wrist injuries.

The highest-quality baseball gloves are typically made of heavy leather. These heavy leather gloves usually take more time for the player to break in. They also provide a tighter, more personalized fit for the player. This is an improvement from youth and recreational gloves, which tend to feature palm pads and/or adjustable Velcro wrist straps. These gloves take less time to break in or are pre-broken in, are less personal and more "one size fits all".

Varieties
Baseball gloves are measured by starting at the top of the index finger of the glove and measuring down the finger, along the inside of the pocket and then out to the heel of the glove. Gloves typically range in size from 9 in (youth starter size) to 12+3/4 in for adult outfield play. Catcher's mitts, unlike those of other gloves, are measured around the circumference, and they typically have 32 to(-) patterns.

The shape and size of a glove are described by its pattern. Modern gloves have become quite specialized, with position-specific patterns:
 * Catcher's mitts are called "mitts" because they lack individual fingers, like mittens. They have extra padding and a hinged, claw-like shape that helps them funnel fastballs into the pocket and provide a good target for pitchers. Some catchers use mitts with phosphorescent paint around the ridges to provide a clearer target for the pitcher. In addition, catcher's mitts come in single hinge and dual-hinge varieties. If required to catch a knuckleball, a catcher will typically use an even larger mitt. Some knuckleball catchers have even experimented using first baseman's mitts, as described below.
 * First baseman's mitts also lack individual fingers. They are generally very long and wide to help them pick or scoop badly thrown balls from infielders. These mitts usually have 12+1/2 to(-) patterns, measured from wrist to the tip. Because first basemen are often left-handed, first basemen's mitts are readily available to fit on the right hand. Hank Greenberg is often credited as the first to wear this style of the glove in the field. Some catchers, such as Victor Martinez, use a first base mitt while catching knuckleballers, though doing so comes with a disadvantage: because first basemen are rarely required to make a quick throw to another base, first base mitts tend to make the task of catching base stealers more difficult—a task already complicated by the knuckleball's slow speed and erratic behavior.
 * Infielders' gloves, unlike the first baseman's mitt, tend to be smaller. They have shallow pockets to allow fielders to remove the ball easily in order to make a quick throw to a base. The webbing is often open to allow dirt to pass through the glove so that infielders do not pull out a handful of dirt when trying to remove the ball from the glove. Infielder's gloves typically have 11 to(-) patterns.
 * Pitchers' gloves usually have a closed, opaque webbing to allow pitchers to conceal their grip on the ball (which, in part, determines the behavior of the pitch in flight) from the batter. Pitcher-specific gloves tend to have 11+3/4 to(-) patterns; some pitchers such as Gio González use gloves with patterns as large as 12+1/4 in. Infield gloves with intricate webbing are also used by pitchers.
 * Outfielder's gloves are usually quite long with deep pockets to help catch fly balls on the run or in a dive, and to keep outfielders from having to bend down as far to field a ground ball. These gloves typically have 12 to(-) patterns, measured from wrist to the tip. They are frequently worn-in differently from those of infielders, with a flatter squeeze rather than the infielder's rounded style.
 * Left-hand throw gloves are any of the gloves above, but designed to be worn on the right hand (for left-handed players). Players that utilize the left-hand throw gloves such as Tony Gwynn or Sandy Koufax are most frequently pitchers, first basemen, or outfielders.
 * Switch-thrower's gloves are gloves with a second thumb pocket on the opposite side of the glove, to allow it to be worn on either side of the hand. At the major league level, this glove has been used only by switch-pitcher Pat Venditte.
 * Sliding mitts were introduced in the 2010s as an evolution of earlier wrist guards that protect runners who slide onto base.

Major glove manufacturers

 * 44 Pro Gloves
 * Akadema
 * Easton
 * Hillerich & Bradsby, under the Louisville Slugger brand name
 * Marucci
 * Mizuno
 * Nike
 * Nokona
 * Rawlings
 * Spalding
 * SSK Corporation
 * Warstic
 * Wilson

title: Baseball glove


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Inside the Beltway

"Inside the Beltway" is an American idiom used to characterize matters that are, or seem to be, important primarily to officials of the U.S. federal government, to its contractors and lobbyists, and to the media personnel who cover them – as opposed to the interests and priorities of the general U.S. population.

The Beltway refers to Interstate 495, the Capital Beltway, a circumferential highway (beltway) that has encircled Washington, D.C. (the capital of the United States) since 1964. Some speakers of American English now employ the word as a metonym for federal government insiders (cf. Beltway bandits), and the phrase "inside the Beltway" is used as a title for a number of political columns and news items by publications like the Washington Times, American University's magazine, and columnist John McCaslin.

Geographically, Inside the Beltway describes Washington, D.C., and those sections of Maryland and Virginia that lie within the perimeter of the Capital Beltway.

Usage
Reporting in 1975 on the prospect of a reexamination of the Warren Commission's findings concerning the assassination of John F. Kennedy, newspaper journalist Nicholas M. Horrock wrote:

"In the White House of Richard M. Nixon, it was said that Watergate would become serious only if it 'got outside the Washington Beltway', if the depths of the disgrace were understood by the American people. In 1974, the truth of Watergate flooded the country, and the Nixon presidency ended.

It can be said that the myriad doubts about the Warren Commission's findings in the death of President Kennedy represent a reverse situation. The doubts would never be taken seriously until they were inside the Beltway, in the halls of Congress, the courts and the White House."

Communities
The following cities and counties are located entirely or partially inside the Beltway:
 * Washington, D.C. (all DC land is inside the Beltway; a small portion of the Potomac River that is part of DC is outside the Beltway)
 * Alexandria, Virginia (almost entirely)
 * Arlington County, Virginia (entirely)
 * Fairfax County, Virginia (partially)
 * Falls Church, Virginia (entirely)
 * Montgomery County, Maryland (partially)
 * Prince George's County, Maryland (partially)

title: Inside the Beltway


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Dubrawa

Dubrawa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rzeczniów, within Lipsko County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 km south-west of Rzeczniów, 22 km west of Lipsko, and 127 km south of Warsaw.

title: Dubrawa


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Dens Park

Dens Park, officially known as Scot Foam Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Dundee, Scotland, which is the home of club Dundee F.C. and has a capacity of. Tannadice Park, the home of rivals Dundee United, is just 200 yards (183 metres) away.

History
Dundee moved to "Dens" from their first stadium at Carolina Port in 1899. Dens Park hosted three full international matches involving the Scotland men's team, in March 1904, March 1908, and December 1936. All three games were Home Internationals against Wales. The record attendance at Dens Park is 43,024, which was set in 1953 when Dundee played host to Rangers in the Scottish Cup.

Following Dundee's promotion to the newly-founded Scottish Premier League in 1998, Dens Park had to be redeveloped to meet SPL seating capacity rules. Existing concrete terraces on the eastern and western ends of the ground were removed and two 3,000-seat stands were built in a record time of 82 days for the start of the 1998–99 season. The near-identical single-tier stands were named to honour Bobby Cox and Bob Shankly; the former usually houses home supporters while the latter houses the away fans. A new club shop and ticket office were also built. Undersoil heating was installed in 2005. Dens Park was named best pitch in the First Division in 2008.

Dens Park has also hosted Scottish League Cup finals, in 1979–80 and 1980–81, and the Scottish Challenge Cup final in 2007–08. Also in 2007, Dens Park (along with McDiarmid Park in Perth) hosted European Under-19 elite round qualifying games between Scotland, Portugal, Turkey and Georgia.

The ground hosted its first Scotland women match in July 2023, a friendly against Northern Ireland.

Potential development / relocation
In 2002, plans were drawn up for a new stadium to be built in the city as part of Scotland's bid to host UEFA Euro 2008. This stadium would have been shared by Dundee and near-neighbours Dundee United, which would have required the two to leave their historic grounds at Dens Park and Tannadice Stadium respectively. The stadium was planned for construction on a new site at Caird Park in the north-east of the city. Scotland was not successful in their bid, however, and so these plans were postponed, but could have been resurrected had Scotland launched a successful bid for another tournament in that period. Both clubs strongly oppose a ground-sharing agreement but were interested in a new arrangement that would have taken place if Ukraine and Poland had failed to meet UEFA's expectations for hosting UEFA Euro 2012.

In May 2009, it was reported that the stadium is owned by local businessman John Bennett. In October 2014, Dundee Supporter's Society announced they have put forward plans to then club chairman Bill Colvin which may allow the club to buy back the stadium from Bennett. They also expressed, this was not a plan to enable the Supporter's Society to own the Stadium but for the club themselves, they said they will "simply administer the scheme". In April 2015, Colvin announced that negotiations were taking place to buy back the Stadium from current owner John Bennett and his company Sandeman Holdings. Dundee FC completed the purchase of the stadium from John Bennett in October 2023.

In August 2016, club owners John Nelms and Tim Keyes were reported to have bought land in the Camperdown area on the north-western periphery of the city, next to the Dundee Ice Arena. It was then made clear in February 2017 that the plan for this land was to develop a new stadium for the club due to the increasing maintenance costs of Dens Park, although plans for a move were described by Nelms as being "early doors" in a video interview published on the club's website. Documents related to the proposed new stadium were submitted in August 2017, ahead of a formal planning application.

In June 2022, Dundee moved their day-to-day operations away from Dens Park and into Dundee and Angus College's Gardyne Campus located in the south-east of the city with the intent to improve the sports facilities there, although revised plans for the Camperdown stadium were released both around the same time and at the end of 2023.

Greyhound racing
In 1932 Dundee FC agreed a lease with the Dundee Greyhound Racing Company Ltd for a period of ten years for a nominal capital of £25,000. The first night of greyhound racing took place on 9 November 1932 with grass having replaced the existing cinder running track and the main grandstand was fitted out with a glass front to allow patrons the ability to watch racing in all weathers. This new facility also contained a refreshment counter and a totalisator booth. A large totalisator board was erected on the Dens Road side of the ground.

John Jolliffe a private trainer moved to Scotland in 1932 and took over as General and Racing Manager at Dens Park for a period of three years before moving onto the larger Holburn Stadium in Aberdeen in 1935. He introduced selling races at the track and the racing took place under National Greyhound Racing Club (NGRC) rules. Distances raced over were 260, 450, 460 and 650 yards. Greyhound racing ended at the end of May 1936 due to the liabilities of the company resulting in a winding up order. In 1937 an attempt to start racing nearby at the East Craigie F.C. ground failed due to local protests.

The second period of racing came over fifty years later in 1992 when Ron Dixon arrived at the football club. The Canadian businessman owned a company called Dundee Leisure and was the new chairman of the football club. He secured planning permission for a greyhound track and new car parking facilities with further plans to build a new stand, a conference centre and an ice rink on site. The 400-metre circumference sand greyhound track was constructed and a Bramwich Hare was installed in addition to a Datatote totalisator system. Racing started on 21 October 1994 under the management of Eddie Ramsay but Dixon's vision never materialised with the greyhound racing ending on 11 December 1996; the ground was soon redeveloped with its new stands positioned parallel to the football pitch, ending the curved design.

title: Dens Park


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List of members of the European Parliament for Ireland, 2004–2009

This is a list of the 13 members of the European Parliament for Ireland elected at the 2004 European Parliament election. They served in the 2004 to 2009 session.

List
†Replaced during term, see table below for details.


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Gunhild

Gunhild (with variants Gundhild, Gunhilda, Gunhilde, Gunhjild, Gunilda, Gunnhild, Gunnhildr, Gunnhildur) is a Germanic feminine given name composed of two words meaning "war" (gunn and hild/hildr). It may refer to:

 * Gunhild (Danish queen), allegedly a Danish queen consort, wife of Harald Bluetooth
 * Gunhild of Wenden, wife of Sweyn I of Denmark
 * Gunhilde (died 1002), said to have been the sister of Sweyn Forkbeard
 * Gunhild of Wessex, (1055–1097), eldest daughter of Harold Godwinson and Edith the Fair
 * Gunhild Carling, Swedish jazz musician
 * Gunhild Kyle (1921–2016), Swedish historian
 * Gunhild Rosén (1855–1928), Swedish ballerina
 * 891 Gunhild, an asteroid in the Asteroid Belt
 * Gunhilda of Denmark, daughter of Canute the Great and wife of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
 * Gunhilde, sister of Sweyn I of Denmark, wife of Pallig Tokesen
 * Domina Gunilda, a weapon of remarkable size at Windsor Castle in the 1300s; considered the origin of the word "gun"
 * Gunnhild, Mother of Kings, wife of Erik Bloodaxe
 * Gunnhildr Sveinsdóttir, queen consort of Denmark and Sweden

In the masculine form, Gunnhildus, it is attested from earlier times.
 * Gunnhildus, Visigothic bishop of Maguelonne.

title: Gunhild