text:
Talk:Six Flags Darien Lake

Untitled
Just wanted to say, I've been looking through the other PARC park pages, and Darien Lake's by far looks the best of any of them. It also seems to have the most complete and accurate info. Great work, all! ClarkCT 18:03, 23 April 2007 (UTC)

Although I can believe that the first opening as Six Flags Darien Lake was in 1997, the park definitely existed years before the Six Flags acquisition as Darien Lake. I'm not sure where to research the details. Thoughts? Ventura 19:21, 2004 Aug 13 (UTC)

 * I just spotted that. I'll look into it today.  Pakaran (ark a pan) 12:00, 20 Dec 2004 (UTC)

I was just out at darien lake this past weekend, and I noticed something that I have not been able to find information on so far - the allocation of flags on the roller coasters. Specifically, Mind Eraser and Viper each have both American and Canadian flags at the top of their first hills. Superman, however, has only an American flag. Any idea why? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.59.89.0 (talk • contribs).

"continue operating as an amusement park, but without the Six Flags' branding." - To me, this makes it sound like Six Flags will still own and operate the park, just generically (like Frontier City in Oklahoma was - it was owned by Six Flags, but not branded as such). I'm working on a way to reword that paragraph completely, as it is rather kludged anyway.. ClarkCT 19:12, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

 * You could give an example, such as the renaming of the Superman roller coaster... but I thought it was quite clear.. what about Looney Tunes Seaport, also...? 140.233.216.70 (talk) 02:05, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

 * The paragraph in question was taken care of almost 18 months ago. →ClarkCTTalk @ 17:09, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

Moved to Darien Lake
I moved Six Flags Darien Lake to Darien Lake because Six Flags is going to sell it Waluigi300 23:35, 17 October 2006 (UTC)
 * That seems a little premature, since the sale hasn't happened yet; the web site still says "Six Flags Darien Lake". You also left double-redirects hanging around.  Powers T 23:42, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

 * But Six Flags officialy announced that the park is for sale so it really isn't a Six Flags. Darien Lake is the tentative name of this article until the new owner is announced Waluigi300 01:06, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Granted this was done a bit early, but I'm not sure we really need to go and change it back at this point --T-rex 03:59, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

 * The sale can still be ended without being completed. Six Flags could still decide to retain ownership.  I'm not suggesting it be changed back, just that your change was unnecessary.  And those double redirects are still there.  Powers T 23:35, 19 October 2006 (UTC)

I tnink I will change it back to Six Flgs Darien Lake, but their should be more info about the park being for sale, I also deleted the Six Flags Darien Lake Logo can can someone get it back? Waluigi300 21:45, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Never was actually deleted, so no problem there --T-rex 22:36, 20 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks much!Waluigi300 01:16, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

Again the page has been moved and again it's had to be moved back. The sale is still not completed; it is expected to be completed in March. Until then, it's still Six Flags Darien Lake. Powers T 01:30, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Although the park won't even be open until then --T-rex 01:44, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I couldn't disagree more Powers. It should be moved to Darien Lake. Closing the deal is a formality. might as well begin fixing 2xredirs now rather than this summer when people will be clicking on them. --CastAStone|(talk) 20:02, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm not suggesting we wait until summer; I'm suggesting merely that we wait until the name of the park changes. As of right now, it's still "Six Flags Darien Lake".  Why change it when we don't even know to what PARC might be changing the name once they take control?  Powers T 02:11, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

I give up. Obviously, the overwhelming desire to be absolutely up-to-the-nanosecond is just too much for people to resist. Nevermind that 1, we don't know what the new name of the park will be, or 2, that the sale isn't even COMPLETE yet -- we've just gotta hurry up and change the name of the article as soon as the slightest bit of news trickles out. What's the rush? That's all I really want to know. Why can't we wait until the park actually changes its name? Powers T 01:08, 16 January 2007 (UTC)

Darien Lake website changed to www.godarienlake.com. Yes, I'm well aware it still forwards to Six Flags, but like it or not that is official now (from internal contact with the park, not just my speculation.) ClarkCT 18:14, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Waluigi300 - You hate when the page title isn't just Darien Lake, don't you? Yes, everyone, including the commercials, says Darien Lake, but the official name for the park is DLTPR. Even I say Darien Lake in general passing, but I recognize that the official name of the park, by PARC Mgmt, is Darien Lake Theme Park Resort. I'd ask (and hope others support me) that you move the page back to DLTPR. (Example, the official name is Walt Disney World Resort, but how many people do you know that still add the "Walt" in front and the "Resort" on the end in normal conversation? But yet its Wiki page is Walt Disney World Resort.) Sorry if I'm being nitpicky, but some people can't leave a page alone when its just fine. Same thing that was done while the sale was still incomplete.) 12.75.107.12 19:57, 14 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia has a policy of using the common name, rather than any official names. Whatever PARC Mgmt call's it is irrelevent. Common name has the preference over everything else. --T-rex 18:34, 15 July 2007 (UTC)

Regarding the "movement" by an IP address - the fact that s/he's basically bypassing the fact that unregistered users can't move articles by copying and pasting everything instead is annoying, but this is also the second time the article's been moved back. I'm thinking we should semi-protect the page. →ClarkCTTalk @ 23:26, 28 December 2008 (UTC)

Section Redesign?
I was just wondering how everyone else felt about the state of the Attractions section. It looks kind of long and drawn out, and the information is organized differently in each section depending on who did it. I'm willing to do the work. Anyone have ideas on how to best lay it out? I'm thinking tables, but maybe it just needs a good look over to overhaul it. The history section could use a good thrashing too, but I'm no english major so don't look at me for that. ClarkCT 04:36, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

OK, does anyone care if I replace the entire rides/attractions section? I have one sitting in wait over at my sandbox: User:ClarkCT/Sandbox and I will save the current version for the time being there as well. If no one has any complaints by 27 Feb 2007, I'll swap it out. ClarkCT 03:59, 21 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Very nice job.--Anthony 14:30, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

I managed to find some old postcards with old darien lake logos on it.. the one from late 80s and early 90s, and also the funtime era one with the jester. does anybody know the exact dates that these were used?

Speculation
I removed the "Batman: The Escape at Darien Lake". It seems to be speculation at the very best.--66.66.125.76 05:28, 27 July 2007 (UTC)

The B:TE section of the roller coasters should really be reverted back to "plans unknown" unless someone's heard something I haven't (which is unlikely). AND PLEASE leave it alone this time... ClarkCT 00:39, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually they've finalized plans to open this for next season. Although trademark reasons would require it to be renammed.  Just because you havn't heard the plans doesn't mean that they don't exsist...  —Preceding unsigned comment added by T-rex (talk • contribs) 04:58, August 26, 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm curious to see these plans and their source. 12.75.106.242 00:13, 20 September 2007 (UTC)

Split out rides/attractions to new page
The list of rides and attractions is getting rather long, I'd like to suggest splitting it to a new page dedicated to the list, thus making the main DL page easier to read. It may also allow for better ride descriptions in the future and also make the main page better suited for more enhancements in the future. If no opposition, I'll conduct the split in a few days. →ClarkCTTalk @ 09:06, 13 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I don't think the list of rides needs to be put onto a new page, but the roller coasters should be separate from the thrill rides sections. I'd be happy to do this split.Eye4ThemeParks (talk) 12:41, 23 November 2020 (UTC)

PAC
Third largest in western New York? How trivial are we going to get? This is basically one metropolitan area, especially with the park being closer to Buffalo than Rochester. I at first read it as Upstate New York, the entire state with the exception of New York and Long Island, which might mean something. Besides, the other two are significantly larger, it's not even a close third. B137 (talk) 19:19, 6 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Agreed. I cleaned up the section a bit and removed that irrelevant tidbit of information. At the very least, it would need a source to be included. --GoneIn60 (talk) 12:35, 8 July 2015 (UTC)

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Talk:Rebecca Loos

Languages?
I read somewhere that she claims she's fluent in four languages. If two of them are English and Dutch, what are the other two? --81.135.160.27 12:07, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
 * One's Spanish; that's why she was originally chosen as Beckham's PA. Superm401 -
 * True, in this video she speaks posh European Spanish natively. --83.40.187.57 (talk) 11:59, 29 July 2008 (UTC)

Talk 19:27, 4 June 2006 (UTC) "The programme was unsuccessful and short-lived..." This not true, the programme is still very succesfull, before and after Loos came on "...partly due to the strength of her English accent when speaking Dutch." True, one of the major reasons she was dropped from the show. She also appeared in the Dutch Playboy (december 2005) i guess the januari edition.

Dream Team
When she appeared in TV series dream team, she was neither bisexual or a masseuse. Her character's sexuality was not covered, and she played the part of a sports psychologist - presume some tabloid made this one up and it got passed on to this page? 86.11.80.36 15:12, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

 * česky 109.105.39.22 (talk) 08:52, 28 November 2023 (UTC)

POV
"The incident was viewed by some commentators as an apt example of the depths to which Z-list celebrities would go for public exposure, and the lengths to which the producers of reality television would go to humiliate them in order to satisfy the interests of viewers (see also I'm a Celebrity, Get Me Out of Here!)."

Sounds very POV if you ask me... Pennywisepeter 11:38, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, that needs changing I think untill there is a source provided, people are bound to question the notibility of the comment. Raintheone (talk) 20:30, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one article was rated and this bot brought all the other ratings up to at least that level. BetacommandBot 03:31, 28 August 2007 (UTC) Bold text

Nationality
The article says she's Spanish, but her official website says her nationality is Dutch. Does she have double nationality? --Purplefire (talk) 11:48, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

 * No. Spain doesn't allow dual nationality, so she cant be, only residency..so it needs to be changed to being Dutch .. and she isn't of Spanish ancestry. Her mother is English ... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.135.71.143 (talk) 04:51, 27 July 2008 (UTC)
 * There is also the Vienna Convention where any country allowing the principle of Ius Soli is excempt. Her father was in Spain in capacity of being a Diplomat. --85.164.221.69 (talk) 22:03, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

Ethnicity
Since when is 'anglo-dutch' an ethnicity? "Caucasian" or something seems appropriate.TheseusX (talk) 23:28, 4 October 2012 (UTC)

Rebecca Loos was born in Madrid to a Dutch/Swiss father and an English/Spanish mother. 2A00:23C8:9F93:FB01:8D7B:2588:2AE5:524 (talk) 03:07, 26 March 2024 (UTC)

This article is nothing but a collection of tabloid-level material
This article is nothing but a collection of tabloid-level material, and it needs to be deleted as thoroughly unencylopedic and unimportant. The Wikipedia needs a process of "taking out the trash" with unneeded "articles" like this one. Why not articles about important people and things, such as professors of biochemistry or engineering at universities, rather than publicity-seeking airheads? 98.67.107.145 (talk) 15:23, 18 June 2009 (UTC)
 * We are only on about Rebecca Loos. She even turned up at some gossip show. She recieved a SMS, but insisted it was to sordid to be mentioned on tv. What is the point of gossip shows, if we can't learn the content of an incoming SMS? What is the name of the TV channel that does things so halfway? It can't be ITV again?--85.164.221.69 (talk) 22:16, 31 May 2011 (UTC)

Affair
Correct me if I am wrong, but I think one 'has an affair', one does not 'conduct an affair'. I came to this page after watching Star Stories. Have a good day. 124.148.164.224 (talk) 15:02, 29 January 2011 (UTC)

David Beckham merge
"Acquired" notability from Beckham. Sure, she made some trashy TV appearances afterwards, but not everyone on those has an article. Karyn Devlin (talk) 18:39, 17 September 2015 (UTC)

 * Although she has done many TV appearances, enough to warrant a page to herself I think. 2A02:C7D:C52C:E700:18F9:4B3C:EEAA:8CA6 (talk) 12:53, 19 November 2015 (UTC)

 * I also think she has sufficient media coverage to warrant her own article Uhooep (talk) 14:34, 22 February 2016 (UTC)

 * This subject has sufficient media coverage etc to warrant a individual article. Speedy close.--BabbaQ (talk) 23:02, 28 March 2016 (UTC)

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Talk:Vim pulver

Sorry - what does the title mean? Deb

from VfD
On 27 Dec 2004, this article was nominated for deletion. See Votes for deletion/Vim pulver for a record of the discussion. Rossami (talk) 06:34, 9 Jan 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vim pulver


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User talk:Gorn~enwiki

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Anne Hathaway (wife of Shakespeare)

Anne Shakespeare (née Hathaway; 1556 – 6 August 1623) was the wife of William Shakespeare, an English poet, playwright and actor. They were married in 1582, when Hathaway was 26 years old and Shakespeare was 18. She outlived her husband by seven years. Very little is known about her life beyond a few references in legal documents. Her personality and relationship to Shakespeare have been the subject of much speculation by many historians and writers.

Life
Anne Hathaway is believed to have grown up in Shottery, a village just to the west of Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England. She is assumed to have grown up in the farmhouse that was the Hathaway family home, which is located at Shottery and is now a major tourist attraction for the village. Her father, Richard Hathaway, was a yeoman farmer. He died in September 1581 and left his daughter the sum of ten marks or £6 13s 4d (six pounds, thirteen shillings and fourpence) to be paid "at the day of her marriage". In her father's will, her name is listed as "Agnes", leading to some scholars believing that she should be referred to as "Agnes Hathaway".

Marriage
Hathaway married Shakespeare in November 1582, likely November 28, while already pregnant with the couple's first child, to whom she gave birth six months later. The age difference, added to Hathaway's antenuptial pregnancy, has been employed by some historians as evidence that it was a "shotgun wedding", forced on a somewhat reluctant Shakespeare by the Hathaway family. There is, however, no other evidence for this inference.

For a time it was believed that this view was supported by documents from the Episcopal Register at Worcester, which records in Latin the issuing of a wedding licence to "William Shakespeare" and one "Anne Whateley" of Temple Grafton. The following day, Fulk Sandells and John Richardson, friends of the Hathaway family from Stratford, signed a surety of £40 as a financial guarantee for the wedding of "William Shagspere and Anne Hathwey". Frank Harris, in The Man Shakespeare (1909), argued that these documents are evidence that Shakespeare was involved with two women. He had chosen to marry one, Anne Whateley, but when this became known he was immediately forced by Hathaway's family to marry their pregnant relative. Harris believed that "Shakespeare's loathing for his wife was measureless" on account of this forced marriage, and that this was the spur to his decision to leave Stratford and pursue a career in the theatre.

However, according to Stanley Wells, writing in the Oxford Companion to Shakespeare, most modern scholars take the view that the name Whateley was "almost certainly the result of clerical error".

Germaine Greer, in Shakespeare's Wife, argues that the age difference between Shakespeare and Hathaway is not evidence that he was forced to marry her, but that he was the one who pursued her. Women such as the orphaned Hathaway often stayed at home to care for younger siblings and married in their late twenties. As a husband Shakespeare offered few prospects; his family had fallen into financial ruin, while Hathaway, from a family in good standing both socially and financially, would have been considered a catch. Furthermore, a "handfast" and pregnancy were frequent precursors to legal marriage at the time. Examining the surviving records of Stratford-upon-Avon and nearby villages in the 1580s, Greer argues that two facts stand out quite prominently: first, that a large number of brides went to the altar already pregnant; and second, that autumn, not spring, was the most common time to get married. Shakespeare was bound to marry Hathaway, who had become pregnant by him, but there is no reason to assume that this had not always been his intention. It is nearly certain that the respective families of the bride and groom had known one another.

Three children were born to Hathaway and her husband: Susanna in 1583 and the twins Hamnet and Judith in 1585. Hamnet died at 11 years old during one of the frequent outbreaks of the bubonic plague and was buried in Stratford-upon-Avon on 11 August 1596.

Apart from documents related to her marriage and the birth of her children, the only recorded reference to Hathaway in her lifetime is a curious bequest in the will of her father's shepherd, Thomas Whittington, who died in 1601. Whittington left 40 shillings to "the poor of Stratford", adding that the money was "in the hand of Anne Shakespeare wife unto Master William Shakespeare, and is due debt unto me, being paid to mine executor by the said William Shakespeare or his assigns according to the true meaning of this my will." This passage has been interpreted in several different ways. One view is that Whittington may have lent Anne the money, presumably because she was short of cash while her husband was away. More likely, however, it may have been "uncollected wages, or savings held in safekeeping", since the will also lists debts owed to him from her brothers in the same amount.

In 1607, Hathaway's daughter Susanna married the local doctor, John Hall, giving birth to Hathaway's and Shakespeare's granddaughter, Elizabeth, the following year. Judith married Thomas Quiney, who was a vintner and tavern owner from a good family, in February 1616 when she was 31 and he was 27. Shakespeare may later have disapproved of this choice when it was discovered that Quiney had got another girl pregnant; also, Quiney had failed to obtain a special wedding licence needed during Lent, leading to Judith and Thomas being excommunicated on 12 March. Soon afterwards, on 25 March 1616, Shakespeare modified his will for Judith to inherit £300 in her own name, leaving Quiney out of the will and giving most of his property to Susanna and her husband.

It has sometimes been inferred that Shakespeare came to dislike his wife, but there is no existing documentation or correspondence to support this supposition. For most of their married life, he lived in London, writing and performing his plays, while she remained in Stratford. However, according to John Aubrey, he returned to Stratford for a period every year. When he retired from the theatre in 1613, he chose to live in Stratford with his wife, rather than in London.

Shakespeare's will
In his will Shakespeare famously made only one bequest to his wife, his "second-best bed with the furniture". There is no reference to the "best" bed, which would have been included in the main bequest to Susanna. This bequest to Anne has often been interpreted as a slight, implying that Anne was in some sense only the "second best" person in his intimate life. A few explanations have been offered: first, it has been claimed that, according to law, Hathaway was entitled to receive one third of her husband's estate, regardless of his will, though this has been disputed. It has been speculated that Hathaway was to be supported by her children. Germaine Greer suggests that the bequests were the result of agreements made at the time of Susanna's marriage to Dr Hall: that she (and thus her husband) inherited the bulk of Shakespeare's estate. Shakespeare had business ventures with Dr Hall, and consequently appointed John and Susanna as executors of his will. Dr Hall and Susanna inherited and moved into New Place after Shakespeare's death. This would also explain other examples of Shakespeare's will being apparently ungenerous, as in its treatment of his younger daughter Judith.

There is indication that Hathaway may have been financially secure in her own right. The National Archives states that "beds and other pieces of household furniture were often the sole bequest to a wife" and that, customarily, the children would receive the best items and the widow the second-best. In Shakespeare's time, the beds of prosperous citizens were expensive affairs, sometimes equivalent in value to a small house. The bequest was thus not as minor as it might seem in modern times. In Elizabethan custom, the best bed in the house was reserved for guests. If so, then the bed that Shakespeare bequeathed to Anne could have been their marital bed, and thus not intended to insult her.

However, the will as initially drafted did not mention Anne at all. It was only through a series of additions, made on 25 March 1616, slightly less than a month before Shakespeare died, that the bequest to his wife of his "second best bed with the furniture" was made. Author Stephen Greenblatt in Will in the World, suggests that as Shakespeare lay dying, "he tried to forget his wife and then remembered her with the second-best bed. And when he thought of the afterlife, the last thing he wanted was to be mingled with the woman he married. There are four lines carved in [Shakespeare's] gravestone in the chancel of Stratford Church: Good friend for Jesus sake forbeare, To digg the dust encloased heare: Bleste be ye man y't spares thes stones, And curst be he y't moves my bones. [Shakespeare may have] feared that his bones would be dug up and thrown in the nearby charnel house ... but he may have feared still more that one day his grave would be opened to let in the body of Anne Shakespeare."

Burial
A tradition recorded in 1693 is that Hathaway "greatly desired" to be buried with her husband. In fact she was interred in a separate grave next to him in the Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon. The inscription states, "Here lyeth the body of Anne wife of William Shakespeare who departed this life the 6th day of August 1623 being of the age of 67 years." A Latin inscription followed which translates as "Breasts, O mother, milk and life thou didst give. Woe is me—for how great a boon shall I give stones? How much rather would I pray that the good angel should move the stone so that, like Christ's body, thine image might come forth! But my prayers are unavailing. Come quickly, Christ, that my mother, though shut within this tomb may rise again and reach the stars." The inscription is believed to have been written by John Hall on behalf of his wife, Anne's daughter, Susanna.

Shakespeare's sonnets
One of Shakespeare's sonnets, number 145, has been claimed to make reference to Anne Hathaway: the words 'hate away' may be a pun (in Elizabethan pronunciation) on 'Hathaway'. It has also been suggested that the next words, "And saved my life", would have been indistinguishable in pronunciation from "Anne saved my life". The sonnet differs from all the others in the length of the lines. Its fairly simple language and syntax have led to suggestions that it was written much earlier than the other, more mature, sonnets.

"Those lips that Love's own hand did make

Breathed forth the sound that said 'I hate'

To me that languish'd for her sake;

But when she saw my woeful state

Straight in her heart did mercy come,

Chiding that tongue that ever sweet

Was used in giving gentle doom,

And taught it thus anew to greet:

'I hate' she alter'd with an end,

That follow'd it as gentle day

Doth follow night, who like a fiend

From heaven to hell is flown away;

'I hate' from hate away she threw,

And saved my life, saying 'not you.'"

Other literature
The following poem about Anne has also been ascribed to Shakespeare, but its language and style are not typical of his verse. It is widely attributed to Charles Dibdin (1748–1814) and may have been written for the Stratford-upon-Avon Shakespeare Festival of 1769:

"But were it to my fancy given

To rate her charms, I'd call them heaven;

For though a mortal made of clay,

Angels must love Anne Hathaway;

She hath a way so to control,

To rapture the imprisoned soul,

And sweetest heaven on earth display,

That to be heaven Anne hath a way;

She hath a way,

Anne Hathaway,—

To be heaven's self Anne hath a way."

Fictional portrayals
Anne is depicted in fiction during the 19th century, when Shakespeare started to become a figure in wider national and popular culture. Emma Severn's novel Anne Hathaway, or, Shakespeare in Love (1845) portrays an idealised romance and happy marriage in an idyllic rural Stratford. She also appears in William Black's 1884 novel Judith Shakespeare about her daughter, portrayed as a conventional dutiful wife and concerned parent with a wayward daughter.

By the early 20th century a more negative image of Hathaway emerged, following the publication of Frank Harris's books on Shakespeare's love life, and after the discovery that Anne was already pregnant when the couple married. A trend in literature on Hathaway in this period was to imagine her as a sexually incontinent cradle-snatcher, or, alternatively, a calculating shrew. More recent literature has included more varied representations of her. Historian Katherine Scheil describes Hathaway as a "wife-shaped void" used by modern writers "as a canvas for expressing contemporary woman's struggles—over independence, single motherhood, sexual freedom, unfaithful husbands, woman's education and power-relations between husband and wife."

An adulterous Anne is imagined by James Joyce's character Stephen Dedalus, who makes a number of references to Hathaway. In Ulysses, he speculates that the gift of the infamous "second-best bed" was a punishment for her adultery, and earlier in the same novel, Dedalus analyses Shakespeare's marriage with a pun: "He chose badly? He was chosen, it seems to me. If others have their will Ann hath a way." Anne also appears in Hubert Osborne's The Shakespeare Play (c. 1911) and its sequel The Good Men Do (1917), which dramatises a meeting between the newly widowed Anne and her supposed old rival for William's love "Anne Whateley". Anne is depicted as shrewish in the first play, and as spiteful towards her former rival in the latter. William Gibson's play A Cry of Players (1968) portrayed the young Shakespeare and Anne and was performed on Broadway (at Lincoln Center) with Frank Langella and Anne Bancroft as the couple. A frosty relationship is also portrayed in Edward Bond's play Bingo: Scenes of Money and Death (1973), about Shakespeare's last days, and in the 1978 TV series Will Shakespeare.

The World's Wife, a collection of poems by Carol Ann Duffy, features a sonnet entitled "Anne Hathaway", based on the passage from Shakespeare's will regarding his "second-best bed". Duffy chooses the view that this would be their marriage bed, and so a memento of their love, not a slight. Anne remembers their lovemaking as a form of "romance and drama", unlike the "prose" written on the best bed used by guests, "I hold him in the casket of my widow's head/ as he held me upon that next best bed". In Robert Nye's novel Mrs Shakespeare: the Complete Works, which purports to be Anne's autobiographical reminiscences, Shakespeare buys the best bed with money given to him by the Earl of Southampton. When Anne comes to London, the couple use the bed for wild sexual adventures, in which they engage in role-playing fantasies based on his plays. He refers to the bed he bequeaths her as "the second best" to remind her of the best bed of their memories. The novel was dramatised for BBC radio in 1998 with Maggie Steed playing Hathaway.

The Connie Willis short story "Winter's Tale," which combines factual information about Anne Hathaway with a fictitious Shakespeare identity theory, also characterises the nature of the relationship as loving and the bequeath of the second-best bed as romantically significant.

Anne Hathaway appears in Neil Gaiman's comic book section "The Tempest", part of The Sandman series. She and Shakespeare share a tumultuous, yet affectionate, relationship. Gaiman's interpretation suggests that Anne deliberately became pregnant to force her husband to marry her, but the context implies that neither of them ultimately regret their decision.

Through her long-running solo show Mrs Shakespeare, Will's first and last love (1989) American actress-writer Yvonne Hudson has had a long relationship with both the historical and dramatic Anne Hathaway. She depicts Anne and Will as maintaining a friendship despite the challenges inherent to their long separations and tragedies. Mining early and recent scholarship and the complete works, Hudson concurs that evidence of the couple's mutual respect is indeed evident in the plays and sonnets, along with support for the writer's infatuations and possibly adulterous relationships. Hudson also chooses the positive view of the bed bequest, sharing that "it may have been only here that I possessed William." Mrs Shakespeare explores the realities of keeping house without a husband while applying some dramatic licence. This allows Anne to have at least a country wife's understanding of her educated spouse's work as she quotes sonnets and soliloquies to convey her feelings. The 2005 play Shakespeare's Will by Canadian playwright Vern Thiessen is similar in form to Hudson's show. It is a one-woman piece that focuses on Anne Hathaway on the day of her husband's funeral. Avril Rowland's Mrs Shakespeare (2005) depicts Anne as a multi-tasking "superwoman" who runs the home efficiently while also writing her husband's plays in a businesslike partnership with him as her promoter/performer.

The romantic comedy film Shakespeare in Love provides an example of the negative view, depicting the marriage as a cold and loveless bond that Shakespeare must escape to find love in London. The same situation occurs in Harry Turtledove's alternate-history novel Ruled Britannia (2002), in which Shakespeare seeks and actually wins a divorce from Hathaway to marry his new girlfriend. A similarly loveless relationship is depicted in the film A Waste of Shame (2005).

The Secret Confessions of Anne Shakespeare (2010), a novel by Arliss Ryan, also proposes Anne Hathaway as the true author of many of the Shakespeare plays (a claim originally made in 1938 ). In the novel, Anne follows Will to London to support his acting career. As he finds his true calling in writing, Anne's own literary skills flower, leading to a secret collaboration that makes William Shakespeare the foremost playwright in Elizabethan England.

She is portrayed by Liza Tarbuck in the BBC Two comedy series Upstart Crow, which follows the writing and preparation to stage Romeo and Juliet after William has gained some early career notoriety for his poetry, Henry VI and Richard III.

Anne Hathaway is portrayed by Judi Dench in the 2018 historical film All Is True.

Anne is portrayed by actress Cassidy Janson in the musical & Juliet. The show opened in the West End on 20 November 2019. The show transferred to Broadway in 2022. It officially opened on 17 November 2022. In the Broadway and Australian production, Anne is portrayed by Betsy Wolfe and Amy Lehpamer, respectively.

Anne Hathaway is a main character in Maggie O'Farrell's 2020 novel Hamnet, a fictional account of Shakespeare's family centered on the death of their only son. It won the Women's Prize for Fiction in the same year.

Martha Howe-Douglas portrayed Anne Hathaway in the comedy film Bill.

Anne Hathaway's Cottage
Anne Hathaway's childhood was spent in a house near Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire, England. Although it is often called a cottage, it is, in fact, a spacious twelve-roomed farmhouse, with several bedrooms, now set in extensive gardens. It was known as Hewlands Farm in Shakespeare's day and had more than 90 acre of land attached to it. As in many houses of the period, it has multiple chimneys to spread the heat evenly throughout the house during winter. The largest chimney was used for cooking. It also has visible timber framing, a trademark of vernacular Tudor style architecture.

After the death of Anne's father, the cottage was owned by Anne's brother Bartholomew, and was passed down the Hathaway family until 1846, when financial problems forced them to sell it. It is now owned and managed by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, and is open to public visitors as a museum.

title: Anne Hathaway (wife of Shakespeare)


text:
No. 4 Squadron RAF

Number 4 Squadron, normally written as No. IV Squadron, is a squadron of the Royal Air Force. Since November 2011, it has operated the BAE Hawk T2 from RAF Valley, Anglesey, Wales. The squadron provides weapons and tactics training for student pilots after they have completed their conversion to jet aircraft with No. XXV(F) Squadron. Between 1970 and January 2011, No. IV Squadron operated various marks of the Hawker Siddeley Harrier and British Aerospace Harrier II.

Formation and First World War
IV Squadron formed at Farnborough in 1912 as part of the Royal Flying Corps. Operating a miscellaneous mixture of aircraft including early Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2s and Breguet biplanes, it quickly moved to Netheravon where it remained until the outbreak of the First World War. The more useful aircraft in its inventory were sent to France under the command of Major G. H. Rayleigh on 16 August 1914, to carry out reconnaissance in support of the British Expeditionary Force. On 19 August Lieutenant G. W. Mapplebeck flew the squadron's first mission over France, a reconnaissance flight searching for German cavalry in the vicinity of Gembloux, Belgium. Other aircraft remained in England to carry out anti-Zeppelin patrols.

The contingent in France was reinforced on 20 September by the personnel who had remained behind in England, forming C Flight, equipped with Maurice Farman "Shorthorns". It concentrated on the reconnaissance role, standardising on the B.E.2 in 1916. In the Battle of the Somme, IV Squadron flew contact patrols keeping track of the position of advancing troops at low level, in addition to more regular reconnaissance and artillery spotting missions. It re-equipped with the Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 in June 1917, in time to take part in the Battle of Messines and the Battle of Passchendaele. During this period William Robinson Clarke, the first black pilot to serve for Britain, flew for the squadron. It remained equipped with the R.E.8 until the Armistice with Germany on 11 November 1918 ended the fighting. The squadron returned to the United Kingdom in February 1919 as a cadre.

Between the wars
No. IV Squadron returned to full strength on 30 April 1920 at Farnborough, equipped with Bristol F.2 Fighters. Part of the squadron moved to Aldergrove near Belfast in November 1920 as a result of the Irish War of Independence, moving to Baldonnel Aerodrome near Dublin in May 1921, before rejoining the rest of the squadron at Farnborough in January 1922. The squadron deployed on Royal Navy aircraft carriers when they sailed to Turkey on HMS Ark Royal and Argus during the Chanak crisis in August 1922, returning to Farnborough in September 1923. When the 1926 General Strike broke out, IV Squadron's aircraft were used to patrol railway lines to deter feared sabotage.

In October 1929, the elderly Bristol Fighters were replaced with new Armstrong Whitworth Atlas aircraft, purpose-designed for the squadron's Army co-operation role, while these in turn were replaced by Hawker Audaxes in December 1931. In February 1937 it moved from Farnborough to RAF Odiham, soon re-equipping with the Hawker Hector, a more powerful derivative of the Audax. In January 1939, it discarded its Hector biplanes in favour of the new monoplane Westland Lysander.

Second World War
Shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, the squadron moved to France as part of the British Expeditionary Force. Following Germany's invasion of France and the Low Countries on 10 May 1940, IV Squadron was frequently forced to change bases by the approach of the advancing German armies, being withdrawn to the UK on 24 May. Losses had been heavy, with 18 aircrew killed, while 60% of the groundcrew were lost. It continued in the coastal patrol and air-sea rescue role while training for its main Army co-operation role after returning to the UK.

In 1942 the Squadron changed its mission from the Army co-operation role, where it would operate fairly low-performance aircraft from airstrips close to the front-line, to that of fighter-reconnaissance, receiving the more modern Curtiss Tomahawk and North American Mustang, with the latter soon replacing Tomahawk, flying low-level attack and reconnaissance flights against targets on the continent. In August 1943, it joined 2 Tactical Air Force in support of the planned invasion of Europe, changing to the pure reconnaissance mission in January, and replacing its Mustangs with Mosquito PR.XVI and Spitfire PR.XIs. It discarded its Mosquitoes in June, moved to France in August, and briefly supplemented its Spitfires with a few Hawker Typhoons for low-level reconnaissance. It retained its Spitfires at VE Day, moving to Celle in Germany to carry out survey operations in support of the British Army of Occupation until it was disbanded on 31 August 1945.

Post War operations
The squadron reformed the next day by renumbering 605 Squadron, a light bomber squadron equipped with Mosquitoes based at Volkel in the Netherlands. It re-equipped with de Havilland Vampire fighter-bombers in July 1950, replacing them with North American Sabres in October 1953. The Sabres were discarded in favour of the Hawker Hunter in July 1955, retaining these until the squadron disbanded at RAF Jever on 31 December 1960.

Again, the squadron did not remain dormant for long, as it reformed on 1 January 1961 by renumbering No. 79 Squadron, flying Hunter FR.10s in the low-level reconnaissance role. It re-equipped with the Hawker-Siddeley Harrier in 1970, first flying them from RAF Wildenrath in West Germany. It moved on to RAF Gütersloh in 1977.

The squadron operated the Harrier until the final withdrawal of the type, receiving numerous upgrades and new versions over the years. In April 1999, the squadron left Germany to move to RAF Cottesmore.

On 31 March 2010, IV Squadron disbanded and reformed as IV (Reserve) Squadron at RAF Wittering, taking over from No. 20 (R) Squadron as the Harrier Operational Conversion Unit. As a result of the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, the squadron disbanded in January 2011, only to reform on 24 November 2011, when No. 19 (R) Squadron, operating the BAE Hawk T2 from RAF Valley in the tactical weapons training role, was renumbered.

In March 2020, the squadron was awarded the right to emblazon a battle honour on its squadron standard, recognising its role in Bosnia during 1995.

Aircraft operated
Aircraft operated have included:

 * Breguet Type III
 * Cody V biplane
 * Avro 500
 * Farman MF.11
 * Voisin III
 * Morane-Saulnier H
 * Bristol Scout
 * Martinsyde S.1
 * Caudron G.III
 * Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2
 * Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8
 * Bristol F.2 Fighter
 * Armstrong Whitworth Atlas
 * Hawker Audax
 * Hawker Hector
 * Westland Lysander
 * Curtiss Tomahawk
 * North American Mustang
 * de Havilland Mosquito
 * Supermarine Spitfire
 * de Havilland Vampire
 * North American Sabre
 * Hawker Hunter
 * Hawker Siddeley Harrier GR.1 GR.3 T.4
 * BAE Harrier II GR5, T12, GR7 GR7A GR9
 * BAE Hawk T2

Commanding officers
Commanding officers have included:

title: No. 4 Squadron RAF


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Jim Walton

James Carr Walton (born June 7, 1948) is an American businessman, currently an heir to the fortune of Walmart, the world's largest retailer. As of November 2023, Walton was the 15th-richest person in the world, with a net worth of US$73 billion according to Bloomberg Billionaires Index. He is the youngest son of Sam Walton.

Early life and family
Jim Walton was born in Newport, Jackson County, Arkansas, the third child of Walmart co-founder Sam Walton (1918–1992) and Helen Walton (1919–2007), with siblings Rob Walton, Alice Walton, and John Walton (1946 – 2005). Walton graduated from Bentonville High School in 1965, where he was president of his junior class, played football at all-state level and also learned to fly a plane. Walton received a bachelor's degree in Business Administration in Marketing from the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas in 1971, where he was also a member of the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity. In 1972, he joined Walmart and was involved in its real-estate dealings. After four years, he moved to the family owned Walton Enterprises as president in 1975.

Career
On September 28, 2005, Walton replaced his deceased brother, John, on the Wal-Mart Board of Directors. He is currently on the Strategic Planning and Finance committees. He was CEO of his family owned Arvest Bank, until becoming Chairman of Arvest Bank, and chairman of newspaper firm Community Publishers Inc. (CPI) owned by Jim Walton himself (but founded by his father Sam Walton after acquiring the local newspaper the Benton County Daily Record, both operating in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma ). He has pledged about $2 billion to the Walton Family Foundation along with his siblings from 2008 to 2013.

In September 2016, Walton was reported to own over 152 million of Walmart shares worth over $11 billion (US).

Personal life
He and his wife, Lynne McNabb Walton, have four children: Alice A. "Annie" Proietti (born November 1979), Steuart Walton (born April 1981), Thomas Layton "Tom" Walton (born September 1983), and James M. Walton (born August 1987). The family resides in Bentonville, Arkansas.

In 2014, he was ranked at #10 on the Forbes list of billionaires with a net worth of $34.7 billion that has increased by $3 billion. On the 2013 Forbes 400 list of the richest people in America he is ranked at #7. As of March 2019, he was ranked as the 16th-richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of $45.7 billion.

title: Jim Walton


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jenkins of Stowting Court

Jenkins of Stowting Court was proposed for deletion. This page is an archive of the discussion about the proposed deletion. This page is no longer live. Further comments should be made on the article's talk page rather than here so that this page is preserved as an historic record. The result of the debate was ambiguous. The disputes of factual accuracy were successfully addressed by Cutler's findings leaving one vote to keep and one vote to delete as non-notable/genealogical. Reviewing the content again, I find that I agree with Geogre's argument that the Jenkins ancestors were not notable in their own right. That brings the conclusion to a bare majority to delete. Note: If anyone decides that this article should be recreated, they can easily do so from this edit of the main article on Fleeming Jenkin. Rossami 21:56, 8 Sep 2004 (UTC)

This was preamble to Fleeming Jenkin which I removed to a separate article. It has spent a week or so on WP:Cleanup and improved a lot. The question now is do we want it at all? I'm agnostic. Cutler 19:42, Aug 13, 2004 (UTC)

This page is now preserved as an archive of the debate and, like other '/delete' pages is no longer 'live'. Subsequent comments on the issue, the deletion or on the decision-making process should be placed on the relevant 'live' pages. Please do not edit this page.
 * Keep. Why not? It's rather well-written, and they seem to have been at least somewhat important. --Slowking Man 02:46, Aug 14, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: Primarily of genealogical use, and the figures did not rise to significance. Geogre 04:46, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * This all smells awfully fishy to me, somehow. I can't find any references on Google to Fleeming Jenkin that aren't (a) eBooks of Stevenson's original text, (b) references to the book qua book, or (c) mirrors of the Wikipedia article. I have to add that at least some of these sites refer to the Stevenson book as a NOVEL. Is Fleeming Jenkin a real historical figure, or did some clever cookie slip a fictional character under our noses? Bearcat 09:57, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Encyclopaedia Britannica refers. He is one of the true greats of the heroic era of engineering. Are you making a point about Google? I found plenty of hits not restricted to (a), (b) or (c), such as and ! Cutler 19:53, Aug 15, 2004 (UTC)


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Johnny Thunder

Johnny Thunder is the name of three superheroes appearing in comics published by DC Comics. A fourth character has the variant name Jonni Thunder.

The character appeared in the second season of Stargirl on The CW network played by Ethan Embry.

Publication history
Johnny Thunder first appeared in Flash Comics #1 (January 1940) and was created by John Wentworth and Stan Aschmeier. In the first few issues, the title of the feature was Johnny Thunderbolt. He continued in Flash Comics until issue #91 (Jan 1948).

Earth-Two version
John L. Thunder is the seventh son of a seventh son, born at 7 a.m. on Saturday, July 7, the seventh day of the week, the seventh day of the seventh month in 1917. This causes him to be kidnapped by "some brown men" and sold to a group of men from the fictional country of Badhnesia who had been looking for someone born at this time on this day.

As an infant, the blond-haired Johnny is given possession of the pink, lightning-haired genie-like Thunderbolt named Yz during a mystic ritual on his 7th birthday, which was intended to allow the Badhnesians to use Johnny to rule the world. However, the plan is soon aborted after an attack from a neighboring country.

Johnny eventually returns to the United States and lives an ordinary life until one day, while washing windows, he inadvertently summons the Thunderbolt with the magic words "Cei-U" (pronounced "say you") when he calls for someone to throw him a sponge, which he accidentally uses to become a successful boxer. Johnny underwent several adventures (each time inadvertently summoning the Thunderbolt via the use of "say, you" in his day-to-day conversation, never realizing the Thunderbolt, who moved so fast he was virtually invisible, was responsible for the extraordinary events that befell him) before finally learning of the Thunderbolt's existence. In issue #11, he finally notices the Thunderbolt, and figures out the magic word in issue #20.

Johnny lived with his parents, dated his on-again, off-again girlfriend Daisy Darling (who had a somewhat less-than-scrupulous businessman father). In 1941, he adopted a little freckle-faced blond orphan girl named Peachy Pet, who, despite her cutesy name and clothing, was a tough little girl who was much smarter than her new father. Many times during his adventures, which included a stint with the United States Navy, Peachy would instruct her befuddled but beloved "Papa John" on how and when to use the Thunderbolt's magic powers.

The green-suit-and-red-bow tie-clad Johnny's appearances with the Justice Society of America and in his own solo adventures tended to be quite comedic, as Johnny's main personality trait was being fairly dimwitted, which prompts his much-smarter Thunderbolt to possess a sarcastic (if patient) attitude toward his "boss", while knowing full well that he could not actually do anything until his master told him to.

Johnny accidentally joined the Justice Society when wishing out loud that he could be a member and was immediately taken to their meeting by the Thunderbolt. Despite recurring impatience with his stupidity, his fellow JSAers genuinely valued Johnny's good-heartedness and dedication and considered him a friend. Furthermore, the Thunderbolt's vast power may have contributed to Johnny's continued JSA membership, his frequent blunders notwithstanding, since the more competent heroes doubtlessly thought it wise to keep an eye on the pair whenever possible. He finally became a member after the Flash left and the group told him to capture Mister X, which he accidentally succeeded in doing. Like most of the JSA members, he had his aging factor greatly slowed during an encounter with the villain Ian Karkull.

Johnny's adventures ceased in the late 1940s when he was replaced in the Justice Society stories by a heroine he had begun teaming up with, the Black Canary. The reason for his leaving the Justice Society is eventually explained to be that his control over his Thunderbolt is weakening, thanks to a spell cast by renegade Badhnesian priests. In the early 1950s, Johnny is kidnapped again by agents from Badhnesia, with the intention of executing their original world conquest plan. Johnny manages to summon Superman, and the would-be conquerors' plans are defeated. Johnny spent some time in Badhnesia afterwards, teaching the native citizens about democracy. He returns home after the country elects its first President. Johnny joins the Justice Society on various adventures.

Crisis on Infinite Earths and Ragnarök
Following the maxiseries Crisis on Infinite Earths was the one-shot Last Days of the Justice Society of America Special (1986). This book depicted the sacrifice of Johnny and his JSA teammates as they left the 'new' Post-Crisis world and entered into a Limbo dimension. Caused by the actions of Adolf Hitler in April 1945, a wave of destruction appears over Earth even as it is settling down from the Crisis. To stop a literal Ragnarök, the heroes enter into an eternal battle and so leave the world.

Earth-One version
Prior to the Crisis on Infinite Earths retcon, an alternate version of Johnny Thunder existed on Earth-One. This version was a simple petty criminal with no Thunderbolt. Upon meeting the Earth-Two Thunder (who had traveled to Earth-One out of curiosity), the criminal Johnny Thunder knocked his counterpart out and seized control of the Thunderbolt. He uses it to temporarily reshape Earth-One such that several heroes, such as Superman, Batman, and Green Lantern, retroactively cease to exist. The criminal exploits the fact that the Thunderbolt is "keyed" to simply obey Johnny Thunder, without any distinction made between alternate versions, leaving the Thunderbolt obligated to obey whichever Johnny is conscious despite his own morality. However, the Thunderbolt often tries to work in loopholes to give the heroes an advantage, such as informing the criminal that the Justice Society—who had come to Earth-1 to find out what had happened to their friends in the Justice League——had disappeared, when they had, in fact, disguised themselves as the Justice League to provoke Johnny into revealing what had happened to their version, or making a barrier which keeps out cops, but not superheroes. The Earth-2 Johnny is apparently placed in a coma by the Thunderbolt's magic, though this is not actually shown.

The alternate version of Earth-One that Johnny creates is sometimes referred to as Earth-A (Earth Alternate), which Johnny thinks up himself. Thunder's 'Lawless League' of evil people with powers like the Justice League heroes, which are made up of Johnny's fellow criminals who were given the powers of the Justice League members, are defeated by the visiting Justice Society of Earth-Two, who had originally disguised themselves as the JLA, after learning of Johnny's disappearance, the Society's greater experience allowing them to easily defeat their criminal counterparts. They subsequently face off against Johnny Thunder on the Moon, and the three creatures that the Thunderbolt creates, Medusa-Man (who turns people into wood), Absorbo-Man (who can absorb the powers of others), and Repello-Man (who throws attacks back at their origins). All of the members are defeated, except for Doctor Fate. He creates a golden mask over Medusa-Man's face, and sends the wooden Mr. Terrific and Atom at Absorbo-Man, who had absorbed Green Lantern's power, meaning he is vulnerable to wood and is destroyed. He uses repello-magic on Repello-Man, which is repelled and destroys him. When the fight comes down to a struggle between Doctor Fate and the Thunderbolt, Johnny Thunder is so battered about by the combatting magic wielders - whose powers fail to do any actual damage to each other - that he finally gives up his attempts to use the Thunderbolt and wishes that none of these events had taken place. The two Earths and their respective heroes are restored, with the Justice League mentioning their world's Johnny Thunder as a small-time criminal at their meeting. The Johnny Thunder of Earth-One would return as a threat in Justice League of America #219-220.

Johnny's return
The absence of the JSA and of Johnny Thunder did not last long. In 1992 DC published Armageddon: Inferno, the miniseries which brought the JSA out of Limbo and into the Post-Crisis world. This was followed by Justice Society of America (1992–1993). This series showed how the heroes were adjusting to a 'normal' life. Johnny is depicted as an overweight man, not as old as his friends, but nostalgic for the past. It is explained that before he had entered into Limbo, he had lent his foster daughter a few thousand dollars and during his time fighting for the universe, she had created Peachy's Frozen Yogurt, a very successful chain of which Johnny is half owner and now very wealthy. Of greater import to Johnny is his discovery that the Bahdnesians have all but disappeared. A visit to the island of Bahdnesia (now under the ownership of Pol St. Germain) proves that no Bahdnesians are left there. In issue #7, Johnny states: "There were never very many of them...and the island magic had worn out. T-Bolt was all that was left, and he was with me in limbo. They had to leave or starve to death". This series also introduced the young Kiku, according to the Thunderbolt, the last remaining Bahdnesian.

After this, Johnny is depicted as suffering from symptoms of dementia. At one point, he loses track of a pen in which the Thunderbolt is being stored. The pen eventually ends up in the ownership of a young African American boy named Jakeem Williams, who takes up the name Johnny Jakeem Thunder or Jakeem Thunder.

Johnny Thunderbolt
In a later battle with Solomon Grundy, Jakeem unwittingly cures Johnny Thunder of his Alzheimer's. Unfortunately, Johnny immediately falls prey to the Ultra-Humanite, who takes over Johnny's body to command the Thunderbolt's powers. In the "Stealing Thunder" storyline, Jakeem is one of several heroes left free from the Ultra-Humanite's control. Eventually, Jakeem wrests control of the Thunderbolt back from the Ultra-Humanite, but Johnny Thunder loses his life. Jakeem then wishes that the Thunderbolt could save Johnny somehow, so the genie chooses to merge with Johnny, creating a new being with the memories of both. He later assumes the name Johnny Thunderbolt.

Johnny Thunderbolt bears Johnny's likeness, though it is not clear how the personalities of Johnny and the two genies interact, and whether any one personality is dominant. Johnny's family is informed of his death and a funeral is held at Valhalla, a cemetery for superheroes. The family does not know that he lives on as the Thunderbolt. The Thunderbolt eventually stops displaying Johnny's likeness while still speaking as him.

During the Blackest Night storyline, Johnny Thunder's body is reanimated as part of the Black Lantern Corps.

DC Rebirth
When Wally West was looking for someone to tether him to the universe again as seen in the DC Rebirth reboot, he comes to a retirement home called the Good Life Rest Home where a now-elderly Johnny Thunder tries to reconnect to the Justice Society, who have been lost since Joseph McCarthy had him reveal his secret and he had lost the Thunderbolt in the periods since. He tried to tell others who he was, but many think that he is crazy. When Wally comes to him to find the Justice Society, he disappears asking him to find the Justice Society. Believing that he was his old ally, Johnny tearfully calls out to him, apologizing for "throwing (him) away" in the past. Johnny Thunder is seen climbing on a rooftop of a home for the elderly shouting "Where are you Thunderbolt?" and calls him (the Thunderbolt) to come back to him. He is later found by two men: presumably workers at the house. They ask him how did he get there and forcefully pull him from the edge of the roof, saving him from lightning that struck the place that he stood on. He shouts at them that they "can't keep me locked up" and struggles to get free of them. they say he "has got a lot of a fight for a ninety-year-old" and drag him into the building. On the way into the building, he says that "The lightning says we need to find my friends" and "We lost the Justice Society" and "It's all my fault", to which they reply with disbelief, saying "Sure it did" and "Tell the nurse to up his meds".

During the 2018-2019 miniseries Doomsday Clock, Johnny Thunder is seen at his retirement home staring out the window while waiting for his family to take him out to dinner. They do not show up. Later that night, Thunder escapes from the retirement home as one of the orderlies claims that he will not get far. He heads to an old steel mill, where he is assaulted by a group of thieving junkies, but he is saved by Saturn Girl and Rorschach (Reggie Long). Johnny Thunder finds Alan Scott's Green Lantern power battery. Rorschach asks Johnny Thunder what that Lantern is. Rorschach, Saturn Girl and Johnny Thunder meet up with Ozymandias at the Owlship. Using Ozymandias' pet lynx Bubastis (revealed to have been cloned from the original Bubastis that Doctor Manhattan disintegrated and containing a sliver of his power) and the Lantern Battery, Ozymandias transports everyone to Doctor Manhattan's location at the Joker's "fun house" where Comedian is. After the confrontation with Doctor Manhattan, the injured Ozymandias makes it back to the Owlship, attacking Johnny and Saturn Girl, declaring that he can save everything and everyone. Ozymandias has Johnny Thunder and Saturn Girl imprisoned in his hideout. When Saturn Girl fades upon no longer being part of the current timeline, Ozymandias leaves as Johnny Thunder mourns Saturn Girl's disappearance and Alan Scott's Green Lantern is shown near him. When Doctor Manhattan undoes the experiment that erased the Justice Society of America and the Legion of Super-Heroes, Johnny Thunder finds himself merged with Thunderbolt as Johnny Thunderbolt and helps Superman defeat the forces of Black Adam.

Jakeem later encounters the Teen Titans after Djinn is forced by her brother Elias to summon Johnny Thunderbolt. Elias attacks Johnny Thunderbolt and tears an artifact known as the Stone of Souls from within its body, rendering Jakeem powerless. When the Titans nearly die while trying to save Djinn, Jakeem discovers that some of Johnny Thunderbolt's power is within his body, and is able to save the young heroes. After Elias' defeat, Djinn restores Johnny Thunderbolt and leaves with Jakeem to explore her newfound freedom.

Dawn of DC
In the pages of "The New Golden Age", Johnny Thunder was seen in 1940 about to prepare a group photo of the Justice Society. When a Huntress from a possible future ends up sent back in time to 1940, her unconscious body was found by Johnny Thunder and Thunderbolt. Johnny Thunder and Thunderbolt were present when Huntress meets the Justice Society. Johnny Thunder reminded Thunderbolt that they met someone from the future called Legionnaire when refreshing his memory. As Doctor Fate tries to read Huntress' mind about the threat in her future, Johnny Thunder and Thunderbolt were among those knocked down by the magical feedback. In the present, Johnny Thunderbolt was with the Justice Society of America when they are fighting Angle Man and his army of inter-dimensional Bizarros. When Jakeem makes a wish for the Bizarros to be gone, Johnny Thunderbolt was unable to grant it. After Angle Man was defeated by a Huntress from an alternate future, Johnny Thunderbolt was present when Green Lantern's ring confirms Huntress' story and her encounter with Per Degaton. He comments how he misses Ted Grant when Jakeem states that he should be training the younger members of the JSA. The JSA is then confronted by Per Degaton. During the fight, Jakeem Thunder and Johnny Thunderbolt's souls are briefly separated by Per Degaton. After the fight where Per Degaton retreated, Jakeem and Johnny accompanied Stargirl to Germany. Jakeem Thunder, Johnny Thunderbolt, and Stargirl arrive at Per Degaton's old laboratory in Germany where they are confronted by a child version of Per Degaton. They later help the JSA fight Per Degaton.

Johnny Thunderbolt was in his pen at the time when Jakeem Thunder, Mister Terrific, and Power Girl visited Icicle II at Belle Reve Penitentiary. Upon learning about Red Lantern's daughter Ruby Sokov, Johnny Thunderbolt tells Jakeem that the information about Red Lantern is a very sensitive subject as Green Lantern states that Red Lantern is one of their biggest adversaries.

Jonni Thunder
Jonni Thunder is the name of a superhero appearing in comics published by DC Comics. She was a rebooted variant of Johnny Thunder and is commonly assisted by a new Thunderbolt.

Publication history
Jonni Thunder first appeared in a four-issue miniseries from 1985 named Jonni Thunder aka Thunderbolt, written by Roy Thomas. In the first few issues, the title of the feature was Johnny Thunderbolt. Since she was created by Golden Age expert Roy Thomas and appeared with the descendants of the original JSA in Infinity Inc., a potential connection to Johnny Thunder seemed likely, but was never expounded upon. Jonni existed on Earth-Two before Crisis and is briefly seen on the merged Earth resulting from the Crisis, attending a detectives' convention.

Fictional character biography
Jonni Thunder is a female private detective. A small gold statue gives her the power to turn into a human thunderbolt, while leaving her body behind. First described as "a stone once struck by the hand of Apu Illapu, the Inca lightning god", the thunderbolt is revealed in later issues of Infinity, Inc. to be a hostile alien energy-being, who is defeated by being re-imprisoned in the statue, leaving Jonni without powers.

Other versions
In the Kingdom Come continuity, she and Black Lightning have a child who becomes the antihero Lightning, possessing the electricity-based powers of both of her parents. However, in the contemporary DC Universe, Black Lightning's daughter Lightning, who recently joined the JSA, is identified as the daughter of Black Lightning and his ex-wife Lynn Stewart.

In 2011, The New 52 rebooted the DC Comics universe and the history of characters related to the Golden Age of Comics has been drastically altered. A new version of Jonni Thunder is introduced on the parallel world of Earth 2 and appeared in the miniseries Earth 2: Worlds End. This version is seemingly possessed by the Thunderbolt which grants her electrical abilities and a multi-armed appearance similar to a Hindu goddess where she is described as a "lass with a powerful friend". Jonni Thunder was imprisoned at Arkham Base with Brainwave, Karnevil, and Obsidian. She is part of a team of heroes recruited by the mage John Constantine in his attempt to return to his own world of Prime Earth.

Reception
Brian Cronin of Comic Book Resources placed her series as part of failed reboots that are way better than the original explaining that "Thomas and Giordano managed to do a well-done comic detective series, which is no small feat".

Son of Johnny Thunder (Will Power of Primal Force)
William Twotrees is the illegitimate son of 1940s hero Johnny Thunder and a Jicarilla Apache woman. Afraid of prejudices against mixed marriages, Johnny abandoned his son, something he later regretted deeply. However, it seems as if Johnny's partner, the magic Thunderbolt named Yz, left his mark on young William, who developed astonishing Thunderbolt powers of his own later in his life. As Will Power, William joined the supernatural/metahuman team of heroes called the Leymen (a.k.a. Primal Force) until it was disbanded. He was last seen searching for his father, touring with a rock band as a "human light show".

Twotrees has neither reappeared since the cancellation of the Primal Force series, nor has he been referenced in any way in any of the later Justice Society of America titles.

In other media

 * Johnny Thunder makes non-speaking appearances in Justice League Unlimited as a member of an expanded Justice League.
 * Johnny Thunder appears in Stargirl, portrayed by an uncredited actor in the first season and by Ethan Embry in the second season. This version was a member of the Justice Society of America before the team was attacked by the Injustice Society of America, during which Johnny was killed by Brainwave while Thunderbolt was trapped in his pen for over 10 years. In the episode "Summer School: Chapter Three", Pat Dugan's son Mike temporarily gets ahold of Johnny's pen before it eventually ends up in his friend Jakeem Williams' hands.

title: Johnny Thunder