text:
Talk:132 (number)

Untitled
I removed the following passage from the article:

 * Also, 132 is often used as a deragotory symbol. Someone may say something like "132 you" or something similar. They are referring to binary. When one counts in binary on his or her hand and they get to 132, a very offensive symbol is shown.

This is not sufficiently explained. 132 in binary has eight digits, 1000 0100. Presumably, you hold a finger up for a 1 and down for a zero, resulting in raising the pinkie of your right hand and the middle finger of the left hand. The left hand could be considered offensive, but what are we to make of the raised pinkie?

Also, this seems to fail the Google test. A Google search for "132 you" yields phrases like "with $132 you can buy such and such", but nothing where 132 would appear to substitute for an expletive. 141.217.173.163 17:24, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * It is an explicitive. 132 in binary is both middle fingers on your hands and it often used 69.140.47.199 22:14, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * 132 only has eight digits and most humans have ten digits on their hands. So to express 132 in binary with our fingers, do we ignore the thumbs or do ignore the right hand's ring and pinkie fingers? 141.217.173.170 17:29, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * It is done like this: 0010000100, so it works out. It makes sense when you consider people counting in binary on their hands starting on the right side, and then getting to 132. 69.140.47.199 00:17, 24 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I've referred this issue to the WikiProject Numbers talk page so that some other people can look at this issue and reach a concensus. PrimeFan 22:00, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I've seen 4 used to refer to the single-handed version of this gesture, for instance in a User Friendly strip (can't find which one). Indeed, when I show people how to count in binary on the fingers, the representation of 4 is sometimes the first thing they comment on.  The use of 132 is a logical extension, I guess, but I've not seen it.  Those who know binary finger counting are likely to know the binary representation of 4 offhand and thus understand the significance, whereas it's less likely that they'll be able to translate 132 so quickly.  4pq1injbok 03:04, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * User:Sasha Slutsker at the project talk page said that Googling "counting binary fingers 132" would yield plenty of good sources for this. I was not fully convinced, but I did promise I would restore it to the article if he showed me some sources. Anton Mravcek 17:48, 23 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I thought that a binary number can't start with a zero so it would be only 8 digits Blah42b10 (talk) 21:59, 15 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I did the suggested google search and i get the following types of hits that refer to it as a lewd act - Urban Dictionary, a facebook page, blogs, and wikipedia itself. None of these are acceptable sources.  And a substantial fraction of the hits for that very specific search were just about counting in binary.  I'm removing it until someone can actually cite a proper source for it and includes it on the page.  (Googling '132' '132 swear' '132 curse' and similar generated no pertinent hits).  --69.209.61.55 (talk) 18:51, 29 October 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:132 (number)


text:
Talk:Medical diagnosis

electronic diagnosis
i am searching for software or websites to help diagnosis via computers. That is, a place where doctors can search for symptoms and find rare related diseases, and discuss medicine cases.

o open based repository for medicine information. does anyone knows one? --Alexandre Van de Sande 17:26, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

list of diagnostic software support systems
(response to the earlier request - feel free to add then move to the main article if warranted)

mycin (and emycin/tmycin) originally from Stanford The mycin page is pretty good, and points to other systems using different dxplain (mass general hospital) I believe this one suggests additional tests to aid in differential diagnosis.

...

Wikip rhyre (talk) 13:08, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

Diagnosis and Assessment
Could anyone suggest whether or how this article should address the issue of 'categorical diagnosis' versus alternative continuum or dimensional approaches? This is a particular issue in regard to mental health diagnoses but is it generally? And how should it be discussed in this article?

Also should the article put medical diagnosis into the context of being one approach to diagnosis or health assessment, and should it address others? I'm personally thinking again mainly in regard to mental health/functioning, and for example the practice of biopsychosocial assessment or formulation (which could be more fully addressed on another page, but not sure what it could be called). It seems that this is diagnosis in the broad sense of the identification of abnormal states associated with functional problems.

I would also comment that the history section appears focused on the genetic and chemical factors involved in diagnosis and etiology, and does not seem to equally include environmental factors and causes. Is this an accurate reflection? Anyone know if this section is based on a particular source?

I agree with two points made above: physical health states can also lie on continuums, and I think this article needs to be broadened in a careful and systematic way to include all three dimensions of health. All three dimensions of health (physical, mental and social) can explain an individual's undifferentiated symptoms and signs, until sufficient investigation has been undertaken to narrow down the differential diagnosis. The world currently seems burdened by a dysfunctional split between the so-called "medical" and "mental health" dimensions. Words like "medical", "wellness" and "holistic" have been so politicized that I think they have lost meaning. I note that "psychologist" is not included in the list of those doing diagnosis of undifferentiated symptoms and signs, and I think this is an important oversight. Primary care physicians (my world) have been used to thinking about diagnosis in biopsychosocial terms for decades, particularly in the UK, Canada, the US, Australia and New Zealand (I am less familiar with other nations), although often there is little they can do about psychosocial diagnoses owing to resource and referral limitations. Diagnosis can include states of normal and wellness, in addition to illness and infirmity. I think it is time to start mending these artificial splits in thinking about diagnosing undifferentiated symptoms, so that patients/clients get the full benefit of biopsychosocial approaches to diagnosis, by a collaborative team when necessary. I have been pondering these issues for many years and will be coming back to contribute as best I can to this article. Maybe the title should be changed from "medical diagnosis" to "health diagnosis"?Thinkingabout (talk) 11:08, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

Definitions
Cut from intro:

 * The first definition was preeminent before scientific thought changed to reflect a better understanding of diseases and their causes. Later, as causalities were defined through scientific method, the second definition became more noteworthy.

Often no distinction is made between (1) identification of a constellation of symptoms as a "syndrome" (especially in psychiatry) and (2) identifying the causes of the disease which displays these symptoms.

Two cases in point are Anorexia nervosa and Asperger's syndrome. With Anoroxia, the patient refuses to maintain body weight and fears appearing fat. But what "causes" this refusal? Why is she fearful?

With Asperger's, there is anti-social, self-centered behavior: the presence of these symptoms defines the syndrome. It is thought to be heriditary, or is described as a neurobiological disorder, but nobody knows what causes the syndrome.

Our definition of a diagnosis should distinguish clearly in every case between (1) "Hmm, we've seen this kind of thing many times before" and (2) "Well, this is almost certainly caused by X."

Anyone can say that you've got a fever, or clammy hands, or chest pains. But the kind of diagnoses the patient wants is what is making him sick, so he can be cured. --Uncle Ed 21:56, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

Clinical diagnosis
Should clinical diagnosis redirect here? WhatamIdoing (talk) 22:12, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

Comments
Someone (sometime back) put a couple of paragraphs into "hidden text" mode. A typo by an anon today further confused things. I've restored the text to visibility, but left the original editor's complaint about the text there (invisible). Anyone who has an idea about how to address that concern, please feel free. WhatamIdoing (talk) 00:26, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

The second paragraph under Diagnosis in medical practice seems to be rather cynical of psychology without any citation except "(BDG, 2006)" and without any real explanation. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.161.101.128 (talk) 19:26, 17 January 2010 (UTC)

External Link
Hello, I would like to add a link to DiagnosisPro - Free Online Medical Diagnosis Tool under Diagnosis. Previously posted link was removed as DiagnosisPro was misrepresented and I would like a second chance (more info).

Keep in mind that since April 2008, we are offering DiagnosisPro free of any charges. We believe that DiagnosisPro is an extremely practical and useful tool for clinicians and we would like to make it available to as many physicians as possible.

Any comment would be appreciated.

Thanks, --75.56.197.224 (talk) 20:26, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Added link as no one objected. Thanks, --75.56.197.224 (talk) 17:28, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, under the conflict of interest rules, you can't add your own website. Mere absence of objection for three and a half days isn't enough; you need to find someone who thinks it's important enough for this article that they are willing to spend ten seconds adding it for you.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 20:15, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

 * WhatamIdoing, I'm using this website a lot since I found the link while searching Diagnosis on Wiki SE. I think link should be added to the article as this is a wonderful solution to get a quick Diagnosis. BTW, I think you've got it wrong on your talk page as this is not open wiki project. --67.49.37.149 (talk) 03:16, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

 * If you have no conflict of interest, and you want to see it included, then you can do that. I don't see its value for this article -- it doesn't really tell you anything about the concept of a diagnosis -- so I won't add it myself, and the people who run the site can't (legitimately) add it because of their conflict of interest, but anyone else can (just like any other editor is welcome to delete links which they believe are inappropriate).  WhatamIdoing (talk) 20:10, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Got bit confused while reading your statement above and edit history for Diagnosis. You removed most of the external links with the exceptions of two links that doesn't really tell you anything about the concept of a diagnosis. Anyway, I have no conflict of interest and I do think this link should be added to the article as this is a great solution for Diagnosis, however, without your approval it would be a waste of time as it's probably going to be removed. --67.49.37.149 (talk) 07:59, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The Merck Manual is one of the most famous diagnostic aides, and is well-known even to nonmedical people. The other external link gives an explanation of psychiatric diagnosis, but I wouldn't be troubled if it were removed as it is of considerably lower quality. Antelan talk  13:55, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Antelan, I had similar concerns about the quality of the psych link, but all appearances to the contrary, I'm not really opposed to including links. You can, of course, delete it if you want.
 * 67.49.37.149, If you don't choose to add the link, then that's your choice. Perhaps the site owner will find someone who is willing to make a different choice.  WhatamIdoing (talk) 21:07, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

 * My point in delving into the external links that you "let live" was that at least both were on topic, and one (Merck) is absolutely germane. I basically meant this as an endorsement of your culling of the lesser links. I would have removed the psych link, but I guess I feel that on balance, it's not promotional and having it there is better than not. Antelan talk  22:21, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Antelan, that was my point exactly. I'm not stating that any of the existing external links are bad or wrong, just doesn't really tell you anything about the concept of a diagnosis. --67.49.37.149 (talk) 16:01, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

Disambiguation page request
This page "hides" the page Diagnosis (artificial intelligence) in searches, which makes very difficult to access the latter. Is a disambiguation page pertinent in this situation ? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 140.93.5.246 (talk) 14:29, 3 June 2008 (UTC)

I think so. There is also taxonomic diagnosis. Stand by... --Una Smith (talk) 02:12, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the proposal was move. JPG-GR (talk) 21:04, 24 August 2008 (UTC)

I see that this article was recently moved to a new name, focusing on medical diagnosis. That being the case, I cleaned out the non-germane material from the opening section and reorganized the remainder. I think it would be even better to call it Medical diagnosis -- but that is currently a redirect page, so the move won't be approved without some indication of support. Hence this talk section. Cgingold (talk) 23:39, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Weak oppose. To me (I am not a doctor), "medical diagnosis" seems to refer specifically (and only) to the count noun, what the article calls "a diagnosis". "Diagnosis (medical)" seems to refer most naturally to the mass noun, the process of diagnosis, but could also be taken to refer to a diagnosis (of the medical variety). Since this article is about the process of diagnosis, I think the current title is more appropriate. Inertia, and the ease of pipelinking  versus , also disadvantage the proposed move. --Quuxplusone (talk) 05:40, 14 August 2008 (UTC)
 * I understand the first point you're trying to make, but I think that both formulations can be seen as referring to both senses of the word -- I'd say they're equivalent in that regard. I'm not quite getting the other point, though -- but it seems distinctly secondary, in any event. There's also something else to consider: I just discovered that we already have, which I was thinking of creating myself. So the article would then be consistent with the name of the category, as well. Cgingold (talk) 12:32, 14 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

As I have argued elsewhere on this page (I am still learning the Wikipedia world), I think the heading should be "health diagnosis" not "medical diagnosis". See elsewhere on this discussion page for my rationale.Thinkingabout (talk) 11:19, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

Edits of 19 September
The edits I made on 19 September removed gender bias, added inline citations, addressed concerns of poorly written language, removed unecessary links, explained more accurately the diagnostic process and included a general term fr the diagnostician as several disciplines diagnose. So, if there is an issue with these edits discuss them here in detail. Do not wholesale revert.

 * actually, several people seem to have noticed that what you really did is remove any reference to the word doctor or physician from the entire article. Thats sort of like removing the word physical therapist from an article in physiotherapy. Nice try though.Fuzbaby (talk) 01:37, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

 * What several people to whom you refer? Only one other editor attempted to make edits similar to yours. This editor has been warned many times for vandalism and blocked for vandalism as well. Your point assumes "Medical diagnosis" is a diagnosis by a medical doctor. Medical Diagnosis is also a diagnosis of a medical condition which does not specify who makes the diagnosis. The latter reflects how health care is practiced everyday. The former is an attempt to mislead. Diagnosis of a medical condition is performed by many disciplines such as: psychologists, dentists, NPs, ODs, PAs, PTs, and DCs. the article was changed in part to reflect the fact many disciplines diagnose medical conditions. You are essentially trying the same POV reverts as you did to the Doctor Title page. The community rejected your arguments to the Doctor Title page. Your arguments do not apply here as well. Your only issue seems to be with the title doctor yet you wholesale reverted many of the edits to the article. Your actions constitute vadalism. Do not wholesale revert.DoctorDW (talk) 14:39, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Actually, you've only edited several pages on my watchlist, and been warned on several pages about your attempt to remove links to physicians and medicine and your efforts to try to mislead the public and perhaps your patients into believing physiotherapists are physicians. Your comments in the article and above indicate a lay understanding of the topic, perhaps additional education on your part about the topic, and wikipedia policy, such as vandalism, npov, edit warring, etc. while you are at it, would be warranted. Fuzbaby (talk) 15:25, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Your comments are inaccurate and meritless. Numerous editors have rejected your attempts to exclusively restrict articles to physicians.DoctorDW (talk) 17:02, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

I think the article may benifit from some definitions. I think Fuzbaby is refering to the technical definition in the medical field, and the legal definition, while DoctorDW is refering to the everyday concept that anyone can "diagnose" anything, be it a physician, a nurse, a chiropracter, or a patient on the internet. I personally believe a wikipedia article should be more focused on the former than the latter, otherwise its would be opinionpedia. DoctorDW, if your edits are in good faith, then may I ask why you seem to be trying to only reference diagnosis in a way that excludes the more traditional, and technically correct definition? I am going to assume good faith and think that it was only an error of omission on your part. Allgoodnamesalreadytaken (talk)

 * As for the issue of technical definition and legal defintition several disciplines diagnose medical conditions as part of their scope of legal practice. My edits are inclusive of all practitioners who legally diagnose medical conditions. Only a small portion of my edits have to do with who is a diagnostition. Fuzbaby apprarently is too lazy to revert only the content he has issue with and has reverted all good faith edits. That is sloppy at best and vandalism at worst. Allgoodnamestaken would some references help you?DoctorDW (talk) 17:02, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

Only those with a license to practice medicine "legally" diagnose disease. This is exclusive to physicians and physician assistants when practicing under a physician license. Looking at the edit history, it looks like Fuzbaby actually combined several edits rather than reverting, its just that your additions were left out. None of this is considered vandalism. Also, please read wikipedia policy on personal attacks, and remember that you shouldn't contribue to wikipedia if you aren't willing to have others look through, edit, praise, delete, or compeletly rip to pieces anything you add. ChillyMD (talk) 17:15, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

 * "Legally" all of the professions I previously listed diagnose medical conditions. The article should reflect the full scope of diagnosis in medicine. Artificially limiting it to one profession is misleading and inaccurate. You made the same type of arguements on the Doctor (title) article and the community rejected your edits and those of Fuzbaby. Given the timing of your edits to this article it raises the question of sock puppetry.DoctorDW (talk) 17:47, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

 * "Legally" they are not, and if you had a license to practice medicine you would know that. For your second comment, I believe you are referring to webhamster, who in no uncertain terms told you to shove your accusations and biased editing where the sun doesn't shine. Going back and looking, that was after 7 different editors disagreed with you, and rejected YOUR edits; I see a similar pattern everywhere you've edited. Continue this pattern of childish behavior and disruptive editing, and you'll be blocked from editing. ChillyMD (talk) 18:40, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Perhaps you and Fuzbaby, who seem to demonstrate ownership of articles which concern the roles of health professions, should go and edit the articles on chiropractors, audiologists, nurse practitioners, physician asistants and clinical psychologists to scrub them of any reference to the use of diagnosis or the title doctor. WP should be consistent, you agree?DoctorDW (talk) 02:13, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Being as I was a nurse practitioner for 11 years, I'll happily edit those articles. Perhaps you should take your own advice, quit wikistalking me, and return to wikipedia once you've decided to contribute in an constructive manner. Interesting, though, how you scrub medical articles of the word physician and then accuse others of doing what you've been doing/warned for numerous times, for example . Trying to discuss things with you is less fruitful than talking to a wall, and I've tired of this. Let me know when you have something remotely constructive to contribute, otherwise expect me to revert crap if I see crap, as every editor has the right. I'd direct you to if you need more guidance on editing. Fuzbaby (talk) 02:27, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

After reading the above "Move" discussion it appears that the intent of the community was for this particular article to focus on "medical diagnosis", not a more vague "diagnosis". Unless there is extensive consensus to the contrary, we should keep with this interpretation. ChillyMD (talk) 17:23, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

Broaden scope of diagnosticians
The current article limits who can diagnose to physicians. This is contrary to current health care practice where many disciplines diagnose. Some examples include, psycologists, chiropractors, audiologists, physical therapists, dentists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants. A check of the wiki pages of all these disciplines will support this position. I suggest the article be edited to reflect modern practice of health care. —Preceding unsigned comment added by DoctorDW (talk • contribs) 16:39, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

I agree: I suggest changing the heading from "medical diagnosis" to "health diagnosis". This recognizes reality; recognizes the unique aspects of diagnosing in health care; and causes all those who are diagnosing to pause and consider how they are diagnosing, and to what standard. Even lay persons diagnose themselves. What counts is whether the diagnostician is sufficiently qualified and adheres to a sufficiently rigourous process of diagnosis for the health care context. The word "medical" is overused and has lost meaning anyway, in my opinion, thinking as a physician.Thinkingabout (talk) 11:15, 11 June 2010 (UTC)
 * Hello Thinkingabout. About the name change: please see Wikipedia guidelines about Undue weight (WP:UNDUE) and original research (WP:OR). If renaming reflects the mainstream view, then that is fine, but fringe theories (WP:FRINGE) should be treated as such. So, I'd suggest going with the position held in major textbooks supplemented with recent articles from leading journals.  Hope that helps.  pgr94 (talk) 12:05, 11 June 2010 (UTC)

What is BDG(2006)?
At the end of the section on Diagnosis in Medical Practice there is an obscure reference to BDG(2006). It comes after a paragraph about problems with psychiatric diagnosis. Is it a reference to a book or document? OldMonkeyPuzzle (talk) 06:05, 13 April 2010 (UTC)

Question
What is the difference between a medical diagnosis and a medical certificate ? Are they different documents ? Neither article mentions each other. Thanks Votedaisy (talk) 18:59, 17 September 2013 (UTC)

Picture grammar caption no sense making
"An example of a medical algorithm for assessment and treatment of overweight and obesity."

Consider

"An example of a medical algorithm for assessment and treatment of obesity and the overweight"

or "An example of a medical algorithm for assessment and treatment of persons who are overweight or obese." Lesion ( talk ) 03:55, 10 January 2014 (UTC)

Content rearranged
I just moved a lot of the article content around. It was my intent to make the article follow the style guide recommended at Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles.

I did not add any content to that point. I hardly deleted anything.  Blue Rasberry  (talk)  19:31, 2 May 2016 (UTC)

seasonal affect disorder.
I’m suffering badly with it right now and have been for 3 months and it’s getting worse. I’m temporarily residing in Ohio where it’s gloomy quite often i stay depressed, it’s out of control, i need advice soon 2603:6010:9B41:3F00:143E:EFFC:A8D6:4B45 (talk) 13:45, 12 December 2021 (UTC)

Diagnostic uncertainty
I'm looking at a JAMA article about Diagnostic uncertainty and wondering how that topic fits into this article. This particular article could also be used in doctor-patient relationship. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2789773 User:Fred Bauder Talk 15:05, 4 March 2022 (UTC)

Wikidata item
This article is linked to Q9206884 (medical diagnostics), while practically all other wikis are linked to Q177719 (medical diagnosis). There is a distinction between the two topics, where medical diagnostics results in a medical diagnosis.

I feel either this article should be linked to the other Wikidata item, or renamed to reflect the topic it is linked to. - Rooiratel (talk) 11:33, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Medical diagnosis


text:
RAF Greenham Common

Royal Air Force Greenham Common or more simply RAF Greenham Common is a former Royal Air Force station in the civil parishes of Greenham and Thatcham in the English county of Berkshire. The airfield was southeast of Newbury, about 55 mi west of London.

Opened in 1942, it was used by the United States Air Force during the Second World War and during the Cold War, and later as a base for nuclear weapons. After the Cold War ended, it was closed in September 1992. The airfield was also known for the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp held outside its gates in the 1980s in protest against the stationing of cruise missiles on the base. In 1997 Greenham Common was designated as public parkland.

Second World War
The Greenham Lodge Estate, which was set in the midst on Greenham Common, was requisitioned by the Air Ministry in 1941.

The first arrival was the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) 51st Troop Carrier Wing Headquarters, arriving in September 1942. The 51st TCW controlled the three troop carrier groups at RAF Keevil (62nd TCG), RAF Aldermaston (60th TCG) and RAF Ramsbury (64th TCG) as part of Twelfth Air Force. An area to the east of Bowdown House, a mansion on the northeast end of the airfield, was used as "bomb stores".

The 51st TCW HQ followed its groups to North Africa as part of Operation Torch in November 1942.

In late 1943, Greenham Common airfield was turned over to the USAAF Ninth Air Force. An American advance party soon arrived to ready the airfield for the incoming units. Greenham Common was known as USAAF Station AAF-486.

354th Fighter Group
As troop carrier groups began arriving in the UK in late 1943 and deployed in the Greenham area, Greenham Common was one of the airfields used by the Ninth Air Force for fighter groups arriving from the United States. On 4 November the 354th Fighter Group arrived from Portland Army Air Field, Oregon and they were informed they were to fly the North American P-51 Mustang. The unit transferred to RAF Lashenden in April 1944.

368th Fighter Group
A few weeks later on 13 January 1944, the 368th Fighter Group arrived from Farmingdale, New York, flying Republic P-47 Thunderbolts. They had the following fighter squadrons and fuselage codes:
 * 395th Fighter Squadron (A7)
 * 396th Fighter Squadron (C2)
 * 397th Fighter Squadron (D3)

The 368th was a group of Ninth Air Force's 71st Fighter Wing, IX Tactical Air Command. The 368th FG moved to RAF Chilbolton on 15 March 1944.

438th Troop Carrier Group
Literally as the 368th FG was moving out, the 438th Troop Carrier Group was flying into Greenham Common from RAF Langar. Flying Douglas C-47 Skytrains, they had the following Troop Carrier squadrons and fuselage codes: The 438th was a group of Ninth Air Force's 53rd Troop Carrier Wing of IX Troop Carrier Command. The unit moved to Prosnes in France in February 1945.
 * 87th Troop Carrier Squadron (3X)
 * 88th Troop Carrier Squadron (M2)
 * 89th Troop Carrier Squadron (4U)
 * 90th Troop Carrier Squadron (Q7)
 * 94th Troop Carrier Squadron (D8)

Strategic Air Command
In the post-Second World War years, the Strategic Air Command (SAC) of the United States Air Force (USAF) was based at three major airfields in eastern England: RAF Lakenheath, RAF Mildenhall and RAF Sculthorpe. The increasing tension of the Cold War led to a re-evaluation of these deployments and a move further west, behind RAF fighter forces, to RAF Greenham Common, RAF Brize Norton, RAF Upper Heyford and RAF Fairford. The airfield came under SAC's 7th Air Division, with the 3909th Combat Support Group as its administrative unit on the base, responsible for all non-flying activities as well as maintenance and logistical support of the flying units attached to RAF Greenham Common. One of the first deployments was 310th Bombardment Wing which arrived with its Boeing B-47E Stratojets in October 1956.

Nuclear accident
On 28 February 1958, a B-47E, of the 310th Bombardment Wing developed problems shortly after takeoff and jettisoned its two 1,700 gallon external fuel tanks. They missed their designated safe impact area, and one hit a hangar while the other struck the ground 65 ft behind a parked plane. The parked B-47E, registration 53-6216, which was fuelled and had a pilot on board, was engulfed by flames; two ground crew were killed and two were injured.

Two scientists, F. H. Cripps and A. Stimson, who both worked for the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston, stated in a secret 1961 report, released by the CND in 1996, that the fire detonated the high explosives in a nuclear weapon, that plutonium and uranium oxides were spread over a wide area (foliage up to 8 mi (13 km) away was contaminated with uranium-235) and that they had discovered high concentrations of radioactive contamination around the airfield.

However, a radiological survey commissioned in 1997 by Newbury District Council and Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council found no evidence of a nuclear accident at Greenham Common, suggesting that Cripps and Stimson's statements were false. The seven-month-long survey was carried out by the Geosciences Advisory Unit of Southampton University and combined a helicopter-mounted gamma ray detector survey with a ground-based survey. The team analysed nearly 600 samples taken from soil, lake sediment, borehole water, house dust, runway tarmac and concrete, looking for uranium and plutonium isotopes. No evidence of an accident involving nuclear weapons damage was found at the former air force base although the ground survey detected some low-level uranium contamination around the Atomic Weapons Establishment at Aldermaston thought to be derived from that facility, and the helicopter survey found some anomalies around Harwell Laboratory.

United States Air Forces in Europe
After Strategic Air Command left Greenham Common in 1964, the site was primarily used as a mail sorting and storage facility under the administrative control of 7551st Combat Support Group. Beginning in 1973 the base became the home of the International Air Tattoo, a large scale international military airshow.

501st Tactical Missile Wing
Following the 1979 NATO Double-Track Decision, in June 1980, RAF Greenham Common was selected as one of two British bases for the USAF's mobile nuclear armed BGM-109G Gryphon Ground Launched Cruise Missile (GLCM). This missile was derived from the sea-launched Tomahawk Land Attack Missile. Some missiles were deployed at RAF Molesworth, but the majority of GLCMs were deployed at RAF Greenham Common.

A Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp was established in protest at the deployment of cruise missiles in 1981. The protestors became known as "the Greenham women" or "peace women", and their 19-year protest drew worldwide media and public attention.

After being equipped with the new weapons, the 501st Tactical Missile Wing was activated at Greenham Common on 1 July 1982. Following the ratification of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty by U.S. President Ronald Reagan and the General Secretary of the CPSU Mikhail Gorbachev in June 1988, the last GLCMs at RAF Greenham Common were removed in March 1991, and the 501st Tactical Missile Wing was inactivated in May 1991. On 11 September 1992, the USAF returned RAF Greenham Common to the Ministry of Defence.

Post RAF station
In 1997 Greenham Common was designated as public parkland, effectively returning it to its pre-Second World War status but with restrictions. Greenham and Crookham Commons became a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The Cold War era control tower has recently been redeveloped and is now open as a visitor centre with a historical exhibition and community cafe. Cattle from local farms are permitted to graze the Common and often stray onto the adjacent Burys Bank Road.

Greenham Common Control Tower
Following the closure of RAF Greenham Common in 1992, one of the few remaining buildings from the former air base was the Control Tower, situated on the north side of the runway. This was left derelict until Greenham Parish Council bought it in April 2014 with the intention of converting it into a café and visitors' centre. However, this was repeatedly delayed by political and construction problems, until it was eventually opened to the public in September 2018.

The Control Tower features three floors, with the café on the ground floor and a visitors' centre on the first floor, housing a permanent exhibition on Greenham Common's Cold War history and a temporary exhibition space. The top floor observation area offers panoramic views across the Common.

Since its opening in 2018, the Control Tower has hosted numerous exhibitions on the history of the Common and surrounding area. This included "Both Sides of the Fence" in 2021, marking 40 years since the arrival of the Greenham Peace Women at the air base.

In popular culture
The airfield was used In the sixth series of London's Burning where the production team built a petrol garage and diner to be used in a large incident in episode 7.

An episode of BBC's Top Gear was filmed at the abandoned airfield, with Jeremy Clarkson and James May attempting to find out if communism had produced a good car.

Beyoncé used the airfield to film scenes for her 2013 self-titled visual album.

Greenham Common airfield was used as a filming location for the 2015 film Star Wars: The Force Awakens and 2017 film Star Wars: The Last Jedi. The GAMA (GLCM Alert and Maintenance Area) area was used as the location for the above ground Resistance base on the fictional planet D'Qar.

Greenham Common airfield was also used as a filming location for the 2019 film Fast and Furious 9.

title: RAF Greenham Common


text:
Talk:Index of Hawaii-related articles

Is this article needed?
Is there any reason to have this list? Seems like Category:Hawaii would do a better job. - Marshman 17:28, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * This article is an ordered list of topics related to Hawaiʻi, rather than a list of articles about Hawaiʻi. This article is one of 57 lists of topics related to the United States.  --Buaidh (talk) 13:56, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

 * I do not follow this. The title has now been changed to "articles", even though the above comment says it should be "topics", and most of the entries are "categories" or lists. Which is it? And some of them do not make sense, like, say "area codes of Hawaii" since there is only one. W Nowicki (talk) 23:05, 15 April 2009 (UTC)

 * And now we have Outline of Hawaii. Someone, somewhere, will arrive to explain it all. Viriditas (talk) 09:57, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Hi. :)  Most of it is explained on Portal:Contents, WP:CLN, and WP:LISTS.  The Transhumanist  20:45, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Nowicki, a topic that isn't an article is a planned article. That is, a redlink.  Lists can include such "topics", while categories cannot, making any list with a redlink in it a "topic list".  But we still refer to them as article lists, because the redlinks always turn blue eventually, in part because they are red and attract attention to themselves.  It's like they are saying "click on me and give me life". The Transhumanist  20:46, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Marshman, yes, there are many reasons for having lists in addition to categories on the same subject(s). WP:CLN covers the relationship between lists, categories, and navigation templates, and quite clearly states that one type should not be deleted just because another type exists.  Each has advantages that the others lack.  And they are synergistic, playing an eternal game of leapfrog (lists are useful for updating categories and templates, and vice versa).  See also WP:LISTS.

 * Advantages of lists include:

 * Lists support scrolling much better. Scrolling is faster than clicking - many levels can be represented on a single list page, flattened (as with indexes) or not, which provides the benefit of scrolling to browse the material.  This is not the case with categories.  Scrolling is generally faster because there are fewer interruptions due to intermittent page downloads from clicking, especially if you need to scroll up and down a subject - categories are chopped up into many pages, at every level (they display only 200 entries at a time) and as subcategories, requiring frequent clicks to navigate. And every click is subject to download delay.
 * Lists can include redlinks (categories can't). Therefore lists serve simultaneously as article lists and topic lists.  But we call them all "article lists" these days, since a topic that isn't an article yet is a planned article. Redlinks are awesome, as they allow editors to click on them to create new articles on the spot.
 * Lists can be used to watch for changes in at least 3 different ways:
 * As watchlists for an entire subject via Related changes (it would take many operations to use categories in this way to cover a whole subject)
 * As watchlists for page deletions - when an article is deleted, its link on a list turns red which alerts editors that there's a problem, but from the category it simply disappears and you may never notice it is gone)
 * As a watchlist for removals from itself - like all other articles, lists have edit histories which are useful for checking diffs. If a link is removed, the event is recorded locally.  Categories can't be diffed and so removals of links from it aren't easily spotted.
 * Lists can show up in search results (category entries never do)
 * Lists can be contextually integrated into articles better via internal links (while categories are generally tacked onto the end)
 * Lists can be embellished with parenthetical notes and annotations and pictures throughout (categories can't)
 * Lists support references (category entries can't)
 * Lists support see also sections and external links sections (categories generally don't, as they push the categorical list further down the page)
 * Lists are centralized and are a lot easier and faster to build and edit than categories. A list of an entire subject can be built in a small fraction of the time it takes to build a category tree for the same subject.
 * You can add entries to a list even before they are articles (including link dumps, and on categories you can't)
 * On lists you can customize the formatting (formatting is always the same for the link section of category pages)
 * You can process lists off-line with power applications (word-processors, outliners, etc.)
 * Lists are easy to rename (to move a category requires editing all the pages it links to)
 * Because category entries are activated from the pages that a category lists, categories suffer from the page ownership problem. Each article in a category may have different maintainers, who often edit their respective articles every day, and it is they who decide what categories "their" page belongs to (because if they change or remove categories, you are not likely to notice by looking at the category page (remember, the links just disappear).  This problem causes many categories to have holes in them.
 * And lists are more intuitive and beginner friendly (just click "edit this page")

 * And you have list builders, like me, who hardly ever work on categories. Every time you delete a list a dedicated list builder has created, you waste the time he or she took to build it, forcing him or her to start over and find a way to get around the deletion (we usually do).  You also punch holes in the sets of lists we build, creating gaps in coverage in the navigation systems we are working on.  AfDs of lists also waste a lot of time, and are generally unsuccessful, since WP:CLN renders the "redundant with category" rationale invalid.   The Transhumanist  20:48, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

Is there a way to get a flattened alphabetical list of a category? Otherwise we would need to go and add another category to them all. Or perhaps just a list of articles under the [|Hawaii Project] could be used to get the same thing? W Nowicki (talk) 00:45, 5 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Adding another category to them all runs counter to WP:CAT. The way to get a flattened alphabetical list is as an article page.  That is, a list!  And we can prepare such lists (from categories) with the list making feature of WP:AWB (which includes a recursion feature to scan subcategories).  The Transhumanist  12:38, 8 May 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Index of Hawaii-related articles


text:
Seal (mechanical)

A seal is a device or material that helps join systems, mechanisms or other materials together by preventing leakage (e.g. in a pumping system), containing pressure, or excluding contamination. The effectiveness of a seal is dependent on adhesion in the case of sealants and compression in the case of gaskets. The seals are installed in pumps in a wide range of industries including chemicals, water supply, paper production, food processing and many other applications.

A stationary seal may also be referred to as a 'packing'.

Seal types:
 * Induction sealing or cap sealing
 * Adhesive, sealant
 * Bodok seal, a specialized gas sealing washer for medical applications
 * Bonded seal, also known as Dowty seal or Dowty washer. A type of washer with integral gasket, widely used to provide a seal at the entry point of a screw or bolt
 * Bridgman seal, a piston sealing mechanism that creates a high pressure reservoir from a lower pressure source
 * Split seals are innovative sealing solutions designed to enhance efficiency and convenience in various mechanical systems. These seals are specifically engineered to address the challenges associated with traditional seals, offering improved installation, maintenance, and operational benefits.
 * Bung
 * Compression seal fitting
 * Diaphragm seal
 * Ferrofluidic seal
 * Gasket or Mechanical packing
 * Flange gasket
 * O-ring
 * O-ring boss seal
 * Piston ring
 * Glass-to-metal seal
 * Glass-ceramic-to-metal seals
 * Heat seal
 * Hose coupling, various types of hose couplings
 * Hermetic seal
 * Hydrostatic seal
 * Hydrodynamic seal
 * Inflatable seal Seals that inflate and deflate in three basic directions of operation: the axial direction, the radial-in direction, and the radial-out direction. Each of these inflation directions has their own set of performance parameters for measurements such as the height of inflation and the center-line bend radius that the seal can negotiate. Inflatable seals can be used for numerous applications with difficult sealing issues.
 * Labyrinth seal A seal which creates a tortuous path for the liquid to flow through
 * Lid (container)
 * Rotating face mechanical seal
 * Face seal
 * Plug
 * Radial shaft seal
 * Trap (plumbing) (siphon trap)
 * Stuffing box (mechanical packing)
 * Wiper seal
 * Dry gas seal

title: Seal (mechanical)


text: User talk:32.101.184.87

title: User talk:32.101.184.87


text:
User talk:Gandalf013

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Hi from the online ambassador
Hello Gandalf013

Welcome to Wikipedia, I hope you enjoy your time here and choose to stay. I am an online ambassador for your course, so I will be available to help you out with Wikipedia editing, but not in person. If you want my attention you can email me at Special:EmailUser/Graeme Bartlett or talk to me at User talk:Graeme Bartlett. I am from Australia, in the timezone which is 11 hours ahead of UTC, so I will be awake while you sleep.

You seem to be the first student on the Recent Advances in Quantum Information course, hopefully you are not the only one. I too am interested in Astronomy but have no academic qualifications at all. It also looks as if you signed up for Wikipedia ages ago. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 10:35, 11 October 2013 (UTC)

Hi, I have removed you from that course enrollment, since you are not actually enrolled on the course in real life. You are still welcome to read students work and write articles on the topic of the course, and improve articles on Wikipedia. Also my offer of assistance is still open to you if you ask. Graeme Bartlett (talk) 23:42, 21 November 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gandalf013


text:
User talk:Jordanmills

Gillespie? Is that a first name or her last name? If first name, no, if last name...well, probably, I'm not sure...where do you think you know me from? Adam Bishop 19:44, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Texas History and such
No, not a scholar of local history. More of an aficionado maybe, or maybe just an old Texan. But anyway, yes I'd be happy to look at any other articles, just let me know which ones. (And as far as “having this thing down”, one of my previous lives was as a proofreader and copy-edtor for a weekly newspaper.)

The handbook template is extremely useful. I wasn't involved in its creation, but I do use it a lot.

Thanks for the kind words. — Bellhalla 11:33, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

BTW, the template shown above gets redirected. The correct template is here...the template discussion provides usage details. --JFreeman 18:52, 30 June 2006 (UTC)

I edited the tpl reference above; I've been changing all to  (or at least ones that show as redirects on the real template's "What links here" page). This is the next to last... --studerby 03:13, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Beer cat
It has been suggested by User:BrianSmithson and supported by User:Syrthiss that the Beer and brewery categories should be renamed. This proposal has been supported and expanded by myself. The notion is that the regional categories should follow the format of "Beer and breweries in Africa" /Europe/Asia/North America/South America/Oceania. "Brewers and breweries" could also be renamed "Beer and breweries by region". And all the countries should also be renamed (and merged if needed) as, for example, "Beer and breweries of Germany", "Beer and breweries of Britain", "Beer and breweries of Poland". The word in each case would be beer rather than beers to allow for general articles on beer culture in each region as well as individual beers.

Comments, suggestions, objections, free beer and simple votes to Wiki Beer Project SilkTork 15:29, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Poll
Your vote/opinion on brewery notability is requested here: SilkTork 12:25, 20 July 2006 (UTC)

International Scale of River Difficulty
Hi, i have been compiling a similar article, and then found yours at the last minute (was searching under river grading, but no matter). Anyway, I've decided to combine the two to share details make a more encyclopedic version (written instead of just lists). See my Sandbox for the work in progress.DevAnubis 09:41, 12 September 2006 (UTC)

Accusations of vandalism
Please do not accuse other editors of vandalism, as you did here, when they are making good faith edits which have been justified in both their edit summary and on the talk page. Such accusations could be viewed as trolling and could cause resentment. Thanks, CLW 16:39, 21 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Come on, GlassUser. You've been around here for two years and have 243 edits. You should be familiar with policy by now. Instead of just reverting and calling for people to help you revert on OT, why don't you discuss it on the talk page? --Rory096 05:57, 23 December 2006 (UTC)
 * You'll find plenty of my posts in there if you bother to look. If you want to discuss edit policy, talk to hbdragon88 and clw, they seem to need some brushing up on it.  Removing a properly-cited majority of an article, alternately claiming that it's not cited or not needed is not a constructive edit. Jordanmills 23:24, 23 December 2006 (UTC)
 * You call the majority of your last revision properly sourced? The bulk of the "Notable incidents" section offers no citations whatsoever, one incident has a single source which is only accessible by registered members of OffTopic.com and the "Offtopic & Wikipedia" section obviously does nothing more than accusing Wikipedia of actually enforcing its own policies. And by the way, Wikipedia has no "moderators" per se, as it is not a forum. - Cyrus XIII 02:11, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

Beer category decision
A discussion has been opened on changes that have been made to the existing Beer category system. The changes reverse the decision made by the Project in April 2006. The changes were based on agreement by only two people, and by a discussion that took place outside the Beer Project. There may be some merit in the changes, and to prevent future conflict it is important that there is some discussion of the matter. If you're interested, please see Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Beer.  SilkTork  *YES! 15:46, 14 July 2008 (UTC)

Wikipedia Ambassador Program in Houston
Hi! I'm leaving you this message because you're listed as a Wikipedian from Houston. The Wikipedia Ambassador Program is currently looking for Campus Ambassadors from the Houston area, to help with Wikipedia assignments at Texas Southern University. Classes at TSU will be participating in the Public Policy Initiative for the Spring 2011 semester, and the role of Campus Ambassadors will be to provide face-to-face training and support for students on Wikipedia-related skills (how to edit articles, how to add references, etc.). This includes doing in-class presentations, running workshops and labs, possibly holding office hours, and in general providing in-person mentorship for students.

Prior Wikipedia skills are not required for the role, as training will be provided for all Campus Ambassadors (although, of course, being an experienced editor is a plus).

If you are interested in being a Wikipedia Campus Ambassador, or know someone in Houston who might be, please email me or leave a message on my talk page. Thanks!--Sage Ross - Online Facilitator, Wikimedia Foundation (talk) 20:08, 1 December 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jordanmills


text:
Renal threshold

In physiology, the renal threshold is the concentration of a substance dissolved in the blood above which the kidneys begin to remove it into the urine. When the renal threshold of a substance is exceeded, reabsorption of the substance by the proximal convoluted tubule is incomplete; consequently, part of the substance remains in the urine. Renal thresholds vary by substance – the low potency poison urea, for instance, is removed at much lower concentrations than glucose. Indeed, the most common reason for the glucose renal threshold ever being exceeded is diabetes, which is called glycosuria.

Renal thresholds vary by species and by physiological condition; thus an animal may have different renal thresholds while hibernating. Renal thresholds can also be altered by many drugs, and may change in characteristic ways during certain illnesses. If the renal threshold itself is reduced, can also produce detectable glucose in the urine. This is called renal glycosuria.

Taken together, the collection of a kidney's renal thresholds essentially define much of its function in renal physiology. Many tests of kidney function amount to measures of renal thresholds for various substances.

title: Renal threshold


text:
XyMTeX

ΧyMTeΧ is a macro package for TeX which renders high-quality chemical structure diagrams. Using the typesetting system, the name is styled as. It was originally written by Shinsaku Fujita (藤田眞作). Molecules are defined by TeX markup.

Example
The following code produces the image for corticosterone below.

title: XyMTeX


text:
Doctor Mid-Nite

Doctor Mid-Nite or Doctor Midnight is the name of multiple fictional superheroes in DC Comics. The figure has been represented in the comics by three different individuals, Charles McNider, Beth Chapel, and Pieter Anton Cross. Dr. Mid-Nite was originally created by writer Charles Reizenstein and artist Stanley Josephs Aschmeier in 1941. The hero, represented first by Charles McNider, appeared for the first time in All-American Comics #25 (April 1941). He continued in All-American Comics until issue #102 (Oct 1948).

Like many Golden Age heroic characters, the original Doctor Mid-Nite appeared as a member of DC's Justice Society of America. His two successors were also represented as members of the group or an offshoot. Doctor Mid-Nite has never appeared as the solo protagonist of a regular title magazine, but the figure has been the subject of an anthology and a mini-series.

All three versions of Doctor Mid-Nite have exhibited the same basic features: a cowled costume featuring a crescent moon symbol, keen ability to see in the darkness at the cost of near or total blindness in sunlight, the use of special visors and "blackout" smoke bombs to gain tactical advantage in combat, a high degree of skill in martial arts, and jobs as physicians serving both normal human beings and "metahuman" superheroes. Additionally, two of the doctors have been accompanied by sidekick owls.

As a blind character, Doctor Mid-Nite is widely regarded as the first superhero in comics to exhibit a physical impairment, pre-dating the creation of Daredevil of Marvel Comics by more than twenty years.

Charles McNider made his live-action debut in the second season of Legends of Tomorrow played by Kwesi Ameyaw. Charles McNider also appears in Stargirl, portrayed by Henry Thomas in season one and Alex Collins in season two, alongside Beth Chapel, portrayed by Anjelika Washington.

Charles McNider
Charles McNider is the original Doctor Mid-Nite appearing in All American Comics #25 (April 1941) in the Golden Age of Comic Books and is a common member of the Justice Society of America. McNider, a young surgeon, was blinded when a grenade went off in front of him caused by gangster "Killer" Maroni, but he found that he could see in the dark. He made special goggles that allowed him to see in the daylight, and decided to use his special power to fight crime. In his civilian identity, he pretends to be a helpless blind man.

Beth Chapel
As the aging McNider spent less time in action, Beth Chapel, a medical doctor, stepped into the role of Doctor Midnight. She was an occasionally a member of Infinity, Inc.

Pieter Cross
Pieter Cross first appeared in Doctor Mid-Nite #1. He is a doctor who develops the same abilities as Charles McNider after being drugged by enforcers from Praeda Industries and being in a car accident.

Owls of Doctor Mid-Nite
Both Charles McNider and Pieter Anton Cross train owls as sidekicks.

McNider trains the same owl which crashes through his window, an event that leads to the discovery of his powers. This owl named "Hooty" (sometimes "Hootie") shares many adventures during the Golden Age.

Cross keeps company with an owl named "Charlie". The bird is named after the original Doctor Mid-Nite Charles McNider. Charlie keeps a mini-camera around his neck that can feed video directly to a display in Cross's goggles.

Enemies
Each incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite has fought different enemies:

 * "Gallows" Gallagher - A gangster who had his brother take his place in prison with help from a corrupt prison warden.
 * "Hands" Hannigan - A gangster who wanted to take advantage of Regis Morgan's telescopic vision and make him a lookout for his gang.
 * "Killer" Maroni - A gangster who was responsible for the grenade that blinded Charles McNider and became Doctor Mid-Nite's first opponent.
 * Banshee -
 * Big Mouth - The leader of a gang who worked with Jasper to set up hallucinations to frighten Japser's aunt Martha Yates and his uncle Ambrose Yates.
 * Doctor Light - A villain who uses light technology.
 * Dr. Gamwell - A man who used a home for the blind as a front for his criminal activities.
 * Fisherman - Kurt Hartmann is a fisherman-themed criminal.
 * Hans - A Nazi demolition diver.
 * Herman Gherkin - A Nazi general.
 * Ice Ingram -
 * King Cobra - A hooded gangster.
 * Madame Zara - A criminal who operated as a psychic.
 * Malcolm Mumm - An inventor who invented a sound-nullifying device and operated as the self-proclaimed Master of Silence. He used his invention to cover up the sounds related to his bank vault robberies.
 * Mister Nitro -
 * Slim - A mobster that planned to sabotage the games of the Yellow Jackets football team.
 * Tarantula - A crime lord whose minion Logger suspected that Charles McNider and Doctor Mid-Nite are the same people.
 * Terrible Trio - The members in the aliases of Fisk, Shackley, and Volper run Praeda Industries.

Other versions
In 1965, DC Comics had no plans to revive Doctor Mid-Nite. DC editor Julius Schwartz gave M.I.T. student and comic book letterhack Rick Norwood permission to publish a Dr. Midnite story in his fanzine, Five. The story written by Norwood and illustrated by Steve Sabo features a doctor named Tom Benson who is blinded in battle. He discovers that his other senses are super-sensitive and dons the Doctor Midnite costume to fight crime.

Another version of the character was shown in Dan Jolley and Tony Harris' JSA: The Liberty File as a World War II United States intelligence agent code-named the Owl. This character, though a playboy, resembles other Doctor Mid-Nite representations. Though derided for his dalliances with the ladies, McNider was trusted as a valued field operative.

Batman: Holy Terror depicts an America ruled by a religious theocracy as a result of Oliver Cromwell living for a decade longer than he did in reality. McNider was a member of the underground resistance against the government years ago, working alongside Thomas Wayne, but they were discovered, with Thomas and his wife being killed while McNider was blinded and his own wife executed. McNider offers some advice to Thomas's son Bruce when he discovers the truth about his parents' deaths, leading Bruce on the path to begin his own resistance against the government.

In the Tangent: Superman's Reign series, a version of Doctor Mid-Nite his body completely covered by a black cloak is briefly seen.

In the new Earth-2 created in the wake of Infinite Crisis and 52, a version of Beth Chapel is shown to be a member of the Justice Society Infinity.

Television

 * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite appears in a painting depicted in the Smallville two-part episode "Absolute Justice".
 * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite makes non-speaking appearances in Justice League Unlimited as a member of the Justice League.
 * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite appears in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, voiced by Corey Burton.
 * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite appears in the Mad segment "That's What Super Friends Are For", voiced by Kevin Shinick.
 * Pieter Cross appears in Young Justice, voiced by Bruce Greenwood.
 * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite appears in the second season of the Arrowverse series Legends of Tomorrow, portrayed by Kwesi Ameyaw.
 * The Charles McNider and Beth Chapel incarnations of Doctor Mid-Nite appear in Stargirl, portrayed by Henry Thomas (season one) and Alex Collins (season two) and Anjelika Washington respectively. The latter takes up the mantle after the former is seemingly killed in battle against the Injustice Society.
 * Ahead of the series' premiere, Chapel made a cameo appearance in the Arrowverse crossover event "Crisis on Infinite Earths".

Film
The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite makes a cameo appearance in the opening credits of Justice League: The New Frontier as a member of the Justice Society of America.

Merchandise

 * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite and Hooty received an action figure in wave twelve of the DC Universe Classics line.
 * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite and Hooty received an action figure from DC Direct in 2001.
 * The Charles McNider incarnation of Doctor Mid-Nite and Hooty received action figures in Mattel's Justice League Unlimited toy line in November 2011.

title: Doctor Mid-Nite


text:
List of U.S. Navy acronyms

The United States Navy, like any organization, produces its own acronyms and abbreviations, which often come to have meaning beyond their bare expansions. United States Navy personnel sometimes colloquially refer to these as NAVSpeak. Like other organizational colloquialisms, their use often creates or reinforces a sense of esprit and closeness within the organization.

Official acronyms
For a comprehensive list of unit organizations in the United States Navy, see List of units of the United States Navy.

#

 * 1MC – 1 Main Circuit, shipboard public address system
 * 2MC – 2 Main Circuit, same as 1MC, but limited to the engine room
 * 3M – Maintenance and Material Management (3M System)
 * 3MA – Maintenance and Material Management Assistant
 * 3MC – Maintenance and Material Management Coordinator
 * 3MI – Maintenance and Material Management Inspection
 * 5MC – 5 Main Circuit, Carrier Flight Deck address system
 * 27MC – Control Room to Sonar Room address system

A

 * A-STRIKE – Assistant STRIKE Operations Officer (Carrier Scheduler/Planner)
 * AA – Airman Apprentice (E-2)
 * AAW – Anti-Air Warfare
 * AB – Aviation Boatswain's Mate
 * ABE – Aviation Boatswain's Mate – Equipment (Launch and Recovery Systems)
 * ABF – Aviation Boatswain's Mate (Fuels)
 * ABFD – Advanced Base Floating Dry Dock, class/type of ship
 * ABH – Aviation Boatswain's Mate (Aircraft Handling)
 * AC – Air Traffic Controlman
 * ACR – Armored cruiser, class/type of ship
 * AD – Auxiliary, Destroyer Tender, class/type of ship
 * AD – Aviation Machinist's Mate
 * ADCON – Administrative control
 * ADNS – Automated Digital Network System
 * ADSW – Active Duty Special Work (U.S. Navy Reserve, type of active duty orders, typically 6 months in duration)
 * ADT – Active Duty Training (U.S. Navy Reserve, type of active duty orders, typically more than 30 days but less than 6 months)
 * AE – Auxiliary, Explosives, class/type of ship. An ammunition ship.
 * AE – Aviation Electrician's Mate
 * AF – Aviation Photographer's Mate
 * AFC – Aviation Fire Control
 * AFCM – Master Chief Aircraft Maintenanceman
 * AFFF – Aqueous Film Forming Foam
 * AFS – Auxiliary, Fast Stores, class/type of ship. A supply ship that carries a little bit of everything, nicknamed "7-11"
 * AFSB – Afloat Forward Staging Base
 * AG – Aerographer's Mate
 * AIMD – Aircraft Intermediate Maintenance Department (or Detachment)
 * AK – Auxiliary, Cargo, class/type of ship. An attack transport.
 * AK – Aviation Storekeeper (outdated; merged into LS rating)
 * ALNAV – All Navy
 * ALPO – Assistant Lead Petty Officer
 * AM – Aviation Structural Mechanic
 * AME – Aviation Structural Mechanic – Environmental (Air Conditioning, Oxygen, and Ejection Seats), Aviation Mechanical Exception
 * AMH – Aviation Structural Mechanic – Hydraulics
 * AMMRL – Aviation Maintenance Material Readiness List
 * AMO – Assistant Maintenance Officer
 * AMS – Aviation Structural Mechanic – Structures
 * AN – Airman
 * AO – Auxiliary, Fleet Oil, class/type of ship; Aviation Ordnanceman
 * AOE – Auxiliary, Oil, Explosives, class/type of ship.
 * AOR – Auxiliary, Oil, Replenishment, class/type of ship
 * AOW – Auxiliaryman of the Watch
 * API – Aviation Preflight Indoctrination
 * AR – Auxiliary, Repair, class/type of ship. A repair ship
 * AR – Airman Recruit (E-1)
 * ARRS – Afloat Readiness Reporting System
 * ARS – Auxiliary, Repair and Salvage, class/type of ship
 * AS – Auxiliary, Submarine Tender, class/type of ship
 * AS – Aviation Support Equipment Technician
 * ASAU – Air Search and Attack Unit
 * ASR – Auxiliary, Submarine Rescue, class/type of ship
 * ASUW – Anti-Surface Warfare
 * ASVAB – Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery
 * ASW – Auxiliary Seawater system
 * ASW – Anti-Submarine Warfare
 * ASWO – Anti-Submarine Warfare Officer
 * AT – Annual Training (U.S. Navy Reserve, type of active duty orders, typically less than 30 days)
 * AT – Aviation Electronics Technician
 * ATS – Auxiliary, Towing and Salvage, class/type of ship
 * AUTEC – Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center
 * AUXO – Auxiliaries Officer
 * AVCM – Master Chief Avionics Technician
 * AVGAS – Aviation Gasoline
 * AWCS – Assistant Work Center Supervisor
 * AZ – Aviation Maintenance Administrationman

B

 * B/N – Bombardier/Navigator; NFO in A-3B Skywarrior, A-5A Vigilante and A-6 Intruder attack aircraft (no longer used)
 * BAM – Bad Ass Marine ("Broad Ass Marine" if used in reference to a female)
 * BB – Battleship
 * BCD – Bad Conduct Discharge (also colloquially known as "Big Chicken Dinner")
 * BCGs – Birth Control Glasses
 * BCM – Beyond Capable Maintenance. Equipment status that indicates the item cannot be repaired and must be sent out for rework or disposed.
 * BEQ – Bachelor Enlisted Quarters
 * BESS – Basic Enlisted Submarine School
 * BJOQ – Blue Jacket of the Quarter
 * BJOY – Blue Jacket of the Year
 * BLUF – Bottom Line Up Front
 * BM – Boatswain's Mate
 * BMOW – Boatswain's Mate of the Watch
 * BOHICA – Bend Over Here It Comes Again
 * BOL – BUPERS Online
 * BT – Boiler Technician
 * BU – Builder
 * BUDS – Basic Underwater Demolition School
 * BUMED – Bureau of Medicine and Surgery
 * BUPERS – Bureau of Naval Personnel
 * BUSANDA – Bureau of Supplies and Accounts
 * BUWEPS – Bureau of Naval Weapons
 * BZ – Bravo Zulu (meaning well done)

C

 * CA – Construction Apprentice
 * CA – Cruiser, Armoured, class/type of ship. Heavy Cruiser (outdated)
 * CAG – Cruiser, Attack, Guided Missile, class/type of ship. Guided Missile Heavy Cruiser (outdated)
 * CAG – Commander, Air Group
 * CAPT – Captain
 * CBMU – Construction Battalion Maintenance Unit
 * CASCAN – CASREP Cancellation or Cancellation of Casualty Report
 * CASCOR – CASREP Correction or Correction of the Casualty in the Casualty Report
 * CASREP – Casualty Report
 * CC – Cruiser, class/type of ship
 * CCC – Comprehensive Communications Check
 * CDB – Career Development Board
 * CDC – Combat Direction Center (CIC on carriers)
 * CDO – Command Duty Officer
 * CDR – Commander
 * CE – Construction Electrician
 * CEC – Civil Engineer Corps
 * CEC – Cooperative Engagement Capability
 * CED – Current Enlistment Date
 * CENTCOM – U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM)
 * CF – Charlie Foxtrot (polite form of "Cluster Fuck")
 * CG – Cruiser, Guided Missile, class/type of ship
 * CGN – Cruiser, Guided Missile, Nuclear, class/type of ship (outdated)
 * CHC – Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy
 * CHENG – Chief Engineer (surface only)
 * CHMC – Chaplain of the United States Marine Corps (always a Navy flag officer)
 * CIC – Combat Information Center
 * CICO – Combat Information Center Officer
 * CIS – CASREP Information System
 * CIVLANT – "Civilian Life" as defined by Atlantic Fleet personnel
 * CIVPAC – "Civilian Life" as defined by Pacific Fleet personnel
 * CIWS – Close-In Weapon System
 * CM – Construction Mechanic
 * CMC – Commandant of the Marine Corps or Chaplain of the Marine Corps or Command Master Chief
 * CMDCM – Command Master Chief
 * CMDCS – Command Senior Chief
 * CMS-ID – Career Management System-Interactive Detailing
 * CN – Constructionman
 * CNATRA – Chief of Naval Air Training
 * CNAVRES – Chief of Navy Reserve
 * CNET – Command Naval Education and Training
 * CNIC – Commander, Navy Installations Command
 * CNO – Chief of Naval Operations
 * CO – Commanding Officer
 * COB – Chief of the Boat (traditionally found only on submarines; pronounced "cob"). Can also be used for "close of business" (pronounced "C-O-B").
 * COD – Carrier Onboard Delivery
 * COMCVW – Commander, Carrier Air Wing
 * COMDESGRU – Commander, Destroyer Group
 * COMDESRON – Commander, Destroyer Squadron
 * COMEX – Commence Exercise
 * COMLANTFLT – Commander, U.S. Atlantic Fleet
 * COMMO – Communications Officer
 * COMNAVAIRES – Commander, Naval Air Force, Reserve
 * COMNAVAIRFOR (also CNAF) – Commander, Naval Air Forces
 * COMNAVAIRLANT (also CNAL) – Commander, Naval Air Force Atlantic
 * COMNAVAIRPAC – Commander, Naval Air Force Pacific
 * COMNAVRESFOR – Commander, Navy Reserve Forces
 * COMNAVSEASYSCOM – Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command
 * COMNAVSECGRU – Commander, Naval Security Group
 * COMPACFLT – Commander, Pacific Fleet (formerly CINCPACFLT)
 * COMPATRECONGRU – Commander, Patrol and Reconnaissance Group
 * COMPATRECONWING – Commander, Patrol and Reconnaissance Wing
 * COMPTUEX – Composite Training Unit Exercise
 * COMSEC – Communications Security
 * COMSUBFOR – Commander, Submarine Forces
 * COMSUBLANT – Commander, Submarine Force Atlantic
 * COMSUBPAC – Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet
 * COMTACGRU – Commander, Tactical Air Control Group
 * COMTRAWING – Commander, Training Air Wing
 * CORTRAMID – Career Orientation and Training for Midshipmen
 * COS (also CoS) – Flag Officer's Chief of Staff
 * CPO – Chief Petty Officer
 * CPOM – Chief Petty Officer's Mess
 * CR – Construction Recruit
 * CRG – Coastal Riverine Group
 * CS – Culinary Specialist
 * CSADD – Coalition of Sailors Against Destructive Decisions
 * CSC – Combat Systems Coordinator
 * CSC – Command Senior Chief
 * CSC – Culinary Specialist Chief (E-7)
 * CSEC – Computerized Self Evaluation Checklist
 * CSMC – Combat Systems Maintenance Center
 * CSOOW – Combat Systems Officer of the Watch
 * CSOSS – Combat Systems Operational Sequencing Systems
 * CT – Cryptologic Technician
 * CTA – Cryptologic Technician, Administrative (now-defunct, merged with yeoman)
 * CTI – Cryptologic Technician, Interpretive
 * CTM – Cryptologic Technician, Maintenance
 * CTN – Cryptologic Technician, Networks
 * CTO – Cryptologic Technician, Communications
 * CTR – Cryptologic Technician, Collection
 * CTT – Cryptologic Technician, Technical
 * CV – Aircraft Carrier, class/type of ship
 * CVA – Aircraft Carrier, Attack, class/type of ship
 * CVAN – Aircraft Carrier, Attack, Nuclear, class/type of ship
 * CVN – Aircraft Carrier, Nuclear, class/type of ship
 * CVW – Carrier Air Wing
 * CWO – Chief Warrant Officer

D
• D1-R  – 3M periodicity code or a shower (slang for daily, once, or as required)

 * DAPA – Drug and Alcohol Programs Advisor
 * DC – Damage Controlman
 * DC – Dental Corps
 * DCA – Damage Control Assistant
 * DCAG – Deputy Air Wing Commander (see CAG)
 * DCC – Damage Control Central
 * DCO – Damage Control Officer (Chief Engineer) or Direct Commission Officer
 * DCPO – Damage Control Petty Officer
 * DD – Destroyer
 * DDG – Guided Missile Destroyer
 * DDR – Radar Picket Destroyer
 * DE – Destroyer Escort
 * DESDIV – Destroyer Division
 * DESRON – Destroyer Squadron
 * DEVGRU – Naval Special Warfare Development Group, formerly (and informally still) SEAL Team SIX
 * DFM – Diesel Fuel Marine (F-76), standard Navy bunker fuel
 * DILLIGAF – Does It Look Like I Give A Flip(uck), standard Navy slang
 * DIRNSA – Director of the National Security Agency
 * DL – Destroyer Leader (outdated)
 * DLG – Guided Missile Destroyer Leader (outdated)
 * DLGN – Nuclear-powered Guided Missile Destroyer Leader (outdated)
 * DM – Destroyer Minelayer (outdated)
 * DM – Illustrator Draftsman
 * DMHRSi – Defense Medical Human Resources System – internet
 * DOD (also DoD) – Department of Defense
 * DoN – Department of the Navy
 * DRB – Discipline Review Board
 * DRRS-N – Defense Readiness Reporting System – Navy
 * DS – Data Systems Technician
 * DSG – Defense Strategic Guidance
 * DVS – Department of Veterans Services, usually administered by each state

E

 * EAOS – End of Active Obligated Service
 * EAWS – Enlisted Aviation Warfare Specialist
 * ECRC – Expeditionary Combat Readiness Center
 * EDMC – Engineering Department Master Chief (Submarines)
 * EDO – Engineering Duty Officer
 * EEBD – Emergency Escape Breathing Device
 * EIDWS – Enlisted Information Dominance Warfare Specialist
 * EISM-Electronic Information Security Manager
 * EM – Electrician's Mate
 * EM – Emergency Management
 * EMCON – Emissions Control
 * EMI – Extra Military Instruction
 * EMN – Electrician's Mate, Nuclear Field
 * EMO – Electronics Material Officer
 * EN – Engineman
 * ENS – Ensign
 * EO – Equipment Operator
 * EOD – Explosive Ordnance Disposal
 * EOOW – Engineering Officer of the Watch
 * EOS – Enclosed Operating Space
 * EOSS – Engineering Operational Sequencing Systems
 * ERS – Engineroom Supervisor
 * ESWS – Enlisted Surface Warfare Specialist
 * ET – Electronics Technician
 * ETN – Electronics Technician, Nuclear Field
 * EW – Electronic Warfare
 * EWO – Electronic Warfare Officer
 * EWS – Engineering Watch Supervisor
 * EXW – Expeditionary Warfare

F

 * F/MC – Fleet (or Force) Master Chief
 * FA – Fireman Apprentice
 * FAC – Forward Air Controller
 * FAC – Fast attack craft
 * FAC/A – Forward Air Controller/Airborne
 * FBM – Fleet Ballistic Missile
 * FC – Fire Controlman
 * FCDSSA - Fleet Combat Direction Systems Support Activity
 * FCF – Functional Check Flight
 * FCPCP – Fleet Computer Programming Center of the Pacific
 * FCPOM – First Class Petty Officer's Mess
 * FDO – Flight Deck Officer
 * FF – Frigate, class/type of ship
 * FFG – Frigate, Guided Missile, class/type of ship
 * FIAC – Fast Inshore Attack Craft
 * FICEURLANT – Fleet Intelligence Center Europe & Atlantic
 * FIGMO – F(uck) IT, Got My Orders
 * FIS – Fire Inhibit Switch
 * FLEACT – Fleet Activity
 * FLTMPS – Fleet Training Management and Planning System
 * FMF – Fleet Marine Force
 * FMSS – Field Medical Service School
 * FN – Fireman
 * FNAEB – Field Naval Aviator Evaluation Board
 * FNMOC – Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center
 * FOD – Foreign Object Damage (Debris and Detection also used in some cases)
 * FPCON – Force Protection Condition
 * FR – Fireman Recruit
 * FRC – Fleet Readiness Center
 * FRS – Fleet Replacement Squadron (Formerly RAG)
 * FSA – Food Service Attendant
 * FSO – Food Service Officer
 * FT – Fire control technician
 * FTB – Fire Control Technician Ballistic Missile
 * FTM – Fire Control Technician Missiles
 * FTN – Forget the Navy (polite form)
 * FTN – Full-time Navy (humorous form)
 * FTS – Full-time Support (full-time, active-duty personnel in U.S. Navy Reserve)
 * FWD - Forward

G

 * GCCS-M – Global Command and Control System-Maritime
 * GM – Gunner's Mate
 * GMG – Gunner's Mate Guns
 * GMM – Gunner's Mate Missiles
 * GMT – Gunner's Mate Technician
 * GQ – General Quarters (Call to battle stations)
 * GS – Guided Missileman
 * GSA – General Services Administration
 * GSE- Gas Turbine Systems Technician – Electrical
 * GSM- Gas Turbine Systems Technician – Mechanic

H

 * HA – Hospital Apprentice
 * HAC – Helicopter Aircraft Commander
 * HEDSUPPACTLANT – Headquarters, Support Activity Atlantic
 * HELO – Helicopter
 * HM – Hospital Corpsman
 * HMFIC – Head Mother Fucker In Charge (See SOPA Below)
 * HN – Hospitalman
 * HR – Hospital Recruit
 * HS – Helicopter Squadron, Anti-Submarine Warfare (HS-4 Black Knights)
 * HT – Hull Maintenance Technician

I

 * IAMM – Individual Augmentation Manpower Management
 * IAP – In Assignment Processing
 * IAW – In Accordance With
 * IC – Interior Communications Electrician
 * ICO – In Case Of (or In Care Of / In Concern Of)
 * IFS – Introductory Flight Screening
 * IHO – Industrial Hygiene Officer
 * IMF – Intermediate Maintenance Facility
 * IMRL – Individual Material Readiness List
 * INCOM– Incoming
 * IOIC - Integrated Operational Intelligence Center
 * IP – Irish Pennant – A loose thread of a Naval or Marine uniform.
 * IRT – In Reference To
 * IT – Information System Technician
 * ITS – Information Technology Submarines

J

 * JAG – Judge Advocate General's Corps, U.S. Navy
 * JBD – Jet Blast Deflector (on board carriers)
 * JHSV – Joint High Speed Vessel
 * JO – Journalist (obsolete), Junior Officer
 * JOPA – Junior Officer Protection Association
 * JP-5 – Jet Propellant no. 5, standard Navy jet fuel (F-44, AVCAT)
 * JTF – Joint Task Force
 * JTFEX – Joint Task Force Exercise

K

 * KISS – Keep It Simple, Stupid

L

 * LANTCOM – Atlantic Command
 * LAWS – Laser Weapon System
 * LCAC – Landing Craft, Air Cushion.
 * LCC – Amphibious Command Ship.
 * LCDR – Lieutenant Commander
 * LCPO – Leading Chief Petty Officer
 * LCM – Landing Craft, Mechanized, class/type of boat. Usage: LCM-4, LCM-6, LCM-8
 * LCPL – Landing Craft, Personnel Launch, class/type of boat.
 * LCS – Littoral Combat Ship, class/type of ship.
 * LCVP – Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel, class/type of boat.
 * LDO – Limited Duty Officer
 * LES – Leave and Earnings Statement
 * LHA – Landing, Helicopter, Assault, class/type of ship.
 * LHD – Landing, Helicopter, Dock, class/type of ship.
 * LKA – Landing, Cargo, Attack, class/type of ship.
 * LPD – Landing, Personnel, Dock, class/type of ship.
 * LPA – Landing, Personnel, Attack, class/type of ship.
 * LPH – Landing, Personnel, Helicopter, class/type of ship.
 * LPO – Leading Petty Officer
 * LPOD – Last Plane On Deck
 * LRAD – Long Range Acoustic Device
 * LS – Logistics Specialist
 * LSD – Landing Ship, Dock, class/type of ship.
 * LSO – Landing Signal Officer
 * LST – Landing Ship, Tank, class/type of ship.
 * LT – Lieutenant
 * LTJG – Lieutenant Junior Grade

M

 * MAA (also meMA) – Master-at-Arms
 * MALS – Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron
 * MC – Mass Communication Specialist
 * MCO – Material Control Officer
 * MCPO – Master Chief Petty Officer
 * MCPON – Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy (pronounced "Mick Pon")
 * MIDN – Midshipman
 * MIDRATS – Midnight Rations
 * MLCPO  – Machinery Division Leading Chief Petty Officer (Submarine)
 * MM – Machinist's Mate
 * MMCO – Maintenance/Material Control Officer
 * MMCPO – Maintenance Master Chief Petty Officer
 * MMN – Machinist's Mate, Nuclear Field
 * MO – Maintenance Officer (pronounced "Moe")
 * MOA – Memorandum of Agreement
 * MOU – Memorandum of Understanding
 * MPA – Main Propulsion Assistant
 * MPA – Military Patrol Craft (P-3 Orion, etc.)
 * MR – Machinery Repairman
 * MRDB – Material Readiness Database
 * MSG – Message
 * MSW – Main Seawater System
 * MT – Missile Technician
 * MTS – Master Training Specialist
 * MU – Musician

N

 * NAB – Naval Amphibious Base
 * NAF – Naval Air Facility
 * NALCOMIS – Naval Aviation Logistics Command Management Information System
 * NAMI – Naval Aerospace Medicine Institute
 * NAS – Naval Air Station
 * NAS JRB – Naval Air Station / Joint Reserve Base
 * NATOPS – Naval Air Training and Operational Procedure Standardization
 * NAVAIR – Naval Air Systems Command
 * NAVCOMP – Comptroller of the Navy
 * NAVEDTRA – Chief of Navy Education and Training
 * NAVFAC – Naval Facilities Engineering Command
 * NAVFLIGHTDEMRON – Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron (Blue Angels)
 * NAVMAT – Naval Material Command
 * NAVMILPERSCOM – Navy Military Personnel Command
 * NAVSEA – Naval Sea Systems Command
 * NAVSECGRUACT – Naval Security Group Activity
 * NAVSTA – Naval Station
 * NAVSUBASE – Naval Submarine Base
 * NAVSUP – Naval Supply Systems Command
 * NAVTRA – Chief of Naval Training
 * NAWCAD – Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division
 * NAWCWD – Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division (formerly Pacific Missile Test Center)
 * NBSD – Naval Base San Diego
 * NC – Navy Counselor
 * NCDU – Navy Combat Demolition Unit
 * NCF – Naval Construction Force (Seabees)
 * NCIS – Naval Criminal Investigative Service
 * NCM – Navy Commendation Medal
 * NCTAMS – Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area Master Station
 * NCTS – Naval Computer Telecommunications Station
 * NECC – Navy Expeditionary Combat Command
 * NeL – Navy eLearning
 * NEX – Navy Exchange
 * NFAAS – Navy Family Accountability and Assessment System
 * NFO – Naval Flight Officer
 * NFO – Normal Fuel Oil
 * NIWC – Naval Information Warfare Center (pronounced "nie-wik")
 * NJROTC – Navy Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps
 * NKO – Navy Knowledge Online
 * NMCB – Naval Mobile Construction Battalion Seabees
 * NMCI – Navy/Marine Corps Intranet
 * NMPS – Navy Mobilization and Processing Site
 * NMTI – Navy Military Training Instructor
 * NNPTU – Naval Nuclear Power Training Unit
 * NNSY – Norfolk Naval Shipyard
 * NOSC – Navy Operational Support Center (a U.S. Navy Reserve shore command)
 * NOSR – Network On-Site Representative
 * NPC – Navy Personnel Command
 * NROTC – Navy Reserve Officer Training Corps
 * NS – Naval Station
 * NSAWC – Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center
 * NSFO – Navy Special Fuel Oil
 * NSGA – Naval Security Group Activity
 * NSIPS – Navy Standard Integrated Personnel System
 * NSWC – Naval Surface Warfare Center
 * NSWG – Naval Special Warfare Group
 * NSY – Naval Shipyard
 * NTC – Naval Training Center
 * NUWC – Naval Undersea Warfare Center
 * NWTD – Non Watertight Door
 * NWU – Navy Working Uniform

O

 * OAE – Old Antarctic Explorer
 * OBA – Oxygen Breathing Apparatus
 * OBE - Overcome By Events
 * OCS – Officer Candidate School, located at Naval Station Newport
 * OFS – Out Freaking Standing (polite form)
 * OIC – Officer in Charge
 * OM – On the Move
 * OMPF – Official Military Personnel File
 * ONR – Office of Naval Research
 * OOC – Out of Calibration or Out of Compliance
 * OOD – Officer of the Deck
 * OOMA – Optimized Organizational Maintenance Activity
 * OPCON – Operational control
 * OPNAV – Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
 * OPS-O – Operations Officer
 * OSA – Overseas Contingency Operation Support Assignments
 * OTSR – Optimal Track Ship Routing

P

 * PACOM – Pacific Command
 * PAPERCLIP – People Against People Ever Reenlisting Civilian Life Is Preferred
 * PAX – Passengers
 * PCO – Prospective Commanding Officer
 * PCS – Permanent Change of Station
 * PDHA – Post-Deployment Health Assessment
 * PDHRA – Post-Deployment Health Re-Assessment
 * PFA – Physical Fitness Assessment
 * PHA – Physical Health Assessment
 * PHRA – Physical Health Re-Assessment
 * PLD – Permanent Limited Duty
 * PIR – Pass in Review
 * PMCS – Preventative Maintenance Checks & Service(s)
 * PO(3/2/1) – Petty Officer (Third/Second/First Class)
 * POC – Point of Contact
 * POD – Plan of the Day
 * POM – Plan of the Month
 * POOW – Petty Officer of the Watch
 * POTUS – President of the United States
 * POW – Plan of the Week
 * POW – Prisoner of War
 * PRD – Projected Rotation Date
 * PRIFLY – Primary Flight Control (carriers)
 * PRT – Physical Readiness Test
 * PSNS and IMF – Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility
 * PT – Physical Training
 * PTS – Perform to Serve
 * PWD – Public Works Department
 * PXO – Prospective Executive Officer

Q

 * QAWTD/QAWTH – Quick Acting Water Tight Door/Quick Acting Water Tight Hatch
 * QM – Quartermaster
 * QMOW – Quartermaster of the Watch

R

 * RADCON – Radiation Control
 * RADM – Rear Admiral (United States) (Upper Half)
 * RADM – Relational Administrative Data Management
 * RAG – Replacement Air Group, now known as Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS)
 * RCA – Reactor Controls Assistant
 * RDBM – Red Data-Base Manager
 * RDC – Recruit Division Commander
 * RDML – Rear Admiral (United States) (Lower Half)
 * REPO – Repair Division Officer
 * RHIB (RIB) – Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat
 * RIMPAC – Rim of the Pacific
 * RIO – Radar Intercept Officer (NFO in F-4 Phantom II and F-14 Tomcat)
 * RL – Restricted Line Officer
 * RM – Radioman
 * RMD – Restricted Maneuvering Doctrine
 * RPM – Remedial Project Manager
 * RP – Religious Program Specialist
 * RPOC – Recruit Petty Officer in Charge or Recruit Chief Petty Officer
 * ROM – Restriction of movement (14 day quarantine during COVID-19)
 * RT – Radiotelephone (voice radio)
 * RTC – Recruit Training Command
 * RTD – Return to Duty

S

 * S2F – Speed to Fleet
 * SA – Seaman Apprentice
 * SAG – Surface Action Group
 * SAM – Surface-to-Air Missile
 * SAPR – Sexual Assault Prevention and Response
 * SARC – Special Amphibious Reconnaissance Corpsman
 * SAU – Search and Attack Unit
 * SCAT – Small Craft Attack Team
 * SCBA – Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
 * SCPO – Senior Chief Petty Officer
 * SCRAM – Safety Control Rod Axe Man. Reactor emergency shutdown
 * SCW – Seabee Combat Warfare Specialist insignia
 * SE – Support Equipment
 * SES – Surface Effect Ship, class/type of ship
 * SEL – Senior Enlisted Leader (also seen as SEA – Senior Enlisted Advisor)
 * SEALs – United States Navy SEALs (stands for Sea, Air, Land), officially termed Special Warfare Operators (SO)
 * SEAOPDET – Sea Operational Detachment
 * SECDEF – Secretary of Defense (United States)
 * SECNAV – Secretary of the Navy (United States)
 * SICLOS – Shift Inspect Clean Lube Oil Strainers
 * Sitrep  – Situation report
 * SLBM – Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile
 * SN – Seaman
 * SNA – Student Naval Aviator
 * SO – Special Warfare Operator, aka US Navy SEAL.
 * SOFA – Status of Forces Agreement
 * SONAR – Sound Navigation And Ranging
 * SOP(A) – Senior Officer Present (Ashore)
 * SOPA – Senior Officer Present Afloat
 * SOQ – Sailor of the Quarter
 * SOY – Sailor of the Year
 * SPAWAR – Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
 * SPAWARSYSCEN – Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center
 * SR – Seaman Recruit
 * SRB – Selective Reenlistment Bonus
 * SRW – Shutdown Roving Watch
 * SS – Submarine Specialist
 * SS – Submarine, class/type of ship
 * SSBN (aka Boomers) – Hull classification symbol for ballistic missile submarine (Submersible Ship Ballistic Nuclear)
 * SSES – Ships Signals Exploitation Space: compartment on a ship where embarked NAVSECGRU personnel, known a Cryptologic Technicians, do their work
 * SSGN – Hull classification symbol for cruise missile submarine (Submersible Ship Guided Missile Nuclear)
 * SSMG – Ships Service Motor Generator; engine room equipment used to convert electric current from AC to DC or DC to AC
 * SSN – Hull classification symbol for general-purpose fast attack submarines (Submersible Ship Nuclear)
 * SSOQ – Senior Sailor of the Quarter
 * SSOY – Senior Sailor of the Year
 * SSTG – Ships Service Turbine Generator
 * STG – Sonar Technician Surface
 * STREAM – Standard Tension Replenishment Alongside Method
 * STS – Sonar Technician Submarines
 * SUBRON – Submarine Squadron
 * SUBSAFE – Submarine Safety Program
 * SUPPO – Supply Officer
 * SWCC (swick) – Special Warfare Combatant-craft Crewmen, the Special Operations Forces who operate and maintain an inventory of boats used to conduct special operations missions or to support special operations missions conducted in maritime environments, particularly those of the U.S. Navy SEALs.
 * SWO – Surface Warfare Officer

T

 * TAD – Temporary Additional Duty, equivalent to Army's TDY
 * TADCEN – Training and Distribution Center
 * TAO – Tactical action officer (fights the ship under the supervision of the captain)
 * TAR – Training and Administration of the Reserve (U.S. Navy Reserve, former designation for FTS personnel)
 * TE – Task element
 * TF – Task force
 * TFO – Temporary flight orders. Non-aircrew personnel that have passed the minimum requirements to act as part of the aircrew for some purpose, e.g. secondary door gunner.
 * TFOA – Things falling off aircraft
 * TG – Task group
 * TLD – Temporary limited duty
 * TM – Torpedoman's mate
 * TOPGUN – United States Navy Fighter Weapons School
 * TSP – Troubled systems process
 * TU – Task unit
 * TYCOM – Type commanders

U

 * UA – Unauthorized Absence, equivalent to Army's absent without leave (AWOL)
 * UA – Urinalysis
 * UAS – Unmanned Aerial System
 * UAV – Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
 * UCMJ – Uniform Code of Military Justice
 * UCT – Underwater Construction Team
 * UDT – Underwater Demolition Team
 * UNODIR – Unless Otherwise Directed
 * UNREP – Underway Replenishment
 * UNSAT – Unsatisfactory
 * UOD – Uniform of the day
 * URL – Unrestricted Line Officer
 * USCG  – United States Coast Guard
 * USMC – United States Marine Corps, organized under the United States Department of the Navy
 * USN – United States Navy
 * USNA – United States Naval Academy (Annapolis)
 * USNR – United States Naval Reserve
 * USS – United States Ship
 * UWT – Underwater Telephone

V

 * VA/VAM – Fixed Wing Attack/Fixed Wing Medium Attack (no longer used)
 * VAQ – Fixed Wing Electronic-Attack Squadron
 * VAW – Fixed Wing Airborne Early Warning Squadron
 * VBSS – Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure
 * VCNO – Vice Chief of Naval Operations
 * VDS – Variable Depth Sonar
 * VERTREP – Vertical Replenishment
 * VF – Fixed Wing Fighter (no longer used)
 * VFA – Fixed Wing Strike Fighter Squadron
 * VLS – Vertical Launching System
 * VP – Fixed Wing Patrol Squadron
 * VRC – Fleet Logistics Support Squadron (VRC-30 Providers)
 * VTU – Volunteer Training Unit
 * VX – Air Test & Evaluation Squadron (VX-4 Evaluators)

W

 * WAVES – Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service
 * WCS – Workcenter Supervisor
 * WO – Warrant Officer
 * WSO – (Wizzo) – Weapon Systems Officer (Naval Flight Officer) in USMC F/A-18D Hornet and USN F/A-18F Super Hornet)
 * WTC – Watertight Compartment
 * WTD – Watertight Door
 * WTF – Whiskey Tango Foxtrot, usually an interrogative phrase, but may also be used in a declarative manner
 * WTH – Water Tight Hatch

X

 * XO – Executive Officer

Y

 * YN – Yeoman

title: List of U.S. Navy acronyms


text:
Peter Preston

Peter John Preston (23 May 1938 – 6 January 2018) was a British journalist and author. He was editor of The Guardian for twenty years, from 1975 to 1995.

Early life
Peter Preston was born in Barrow upon Soar, Leicestershire, the son of John Preston, a greengrocery business manager, and his wife, Kathlyn Preston (née Chell). He grew up in the village of Quorn, two miles south of Loughborough.

His father died from polio when Preston was a child, and he subsequently caught the disease; he spent 18 months in and out of hospital, including time in an iron lung. The disease caused permanent damage to his body. He was educated at Loughborough Grammar School and St John's College, Oxford, where he edited the student paper Cherwell.

Career
Preston started his career at the Liverpool Daily Post in 1959, and joined The Guardian (then the Manchester Guardian) in 1963. He rose to become editor in 1975 and remained so for more than twenty years, retiring in 1995. He reported on Conservative MPs, including the perjurious Jonathan Aitken and the cash-for-questions affair involving Neil Hamilton and Tim Smith. In both instances, a source was Harrod's and Paris Ritz owner Mohammed Al-Fayed. Preston was also editor when The Guardian was forced to hand over leaked government documents, which were then traced to a Foreign Office copier, leading to Sarah Tisdall, who was subsequently imprisoned under the Official Secrets Act 1911.

He continued as a columnist for the rest of his life. He contributed a weekly column to The Observer, "Peter Preston on press and broadcasting", devoted mainly to news about newspapers, their readers and (generally) diminishing circulations in the newspaper's "business and media" section. He was one of the founders of the European Press Prize and acted as chairman of its preparatory committee from 2013 until 2017. He had strong opinions on Brexit and the balance of the BBC and continued to take to social media to discuss this after his retirement. He was a member of the Scott Trust (owner of The Guardian and Observer) from 1979 to 2003, chairman of the International Press Institute from 1995 to 1997, and chairman of the Association of British Press Editors. Preston wrote two novels, Bess (1999) and 51st State (1998).

Personal life and honours
In 1962, Preston married Jean Burrell, and they had four children. His son, Ben Preston, is a former deputy editor of The Times and Radio Times, and is executive editor of The Sunday Times.

Preston received honorary degrees from the City University, London, and the universities of Leicester, Loughborough, Essex and Roehampton.

Preston died on 6 January 2018 after suffering from melanoma.

title: Peter Preston


text:
Herbert Kaufman

Herbert Kaufman (March 6, 1878 – September 6, 1947) was an American writer and newspaperman whose editorials were widely syndicated in both the United States and Canada. During World War I, Kaufman regularly contributed articles and editorials to the Evening Standard, The Times, and other leading British periodicals, along with more than 50 war poems, including the classic The Hell-Gate of Soissons.

Biography
Herbert Kaufman was born in Washington, D.C., on March 6, 1878.

He died at his home in Tarrytown, New York, on September 6, 1947.

Works
Kaufman is the author of several books, including:
 * The Stolen Throne (c. 1907; co-authored with May Isabel Fisk and illustrated by Howard Chandler Christy and Herman Rountree)
 * The Winning Fight (c. 1910) being perhaps his most popular work
 * Do Something! Be Something! (c. 1912)
 * The Efficient Age (c. 1913)
 * The Song of Guns (1914, reissued in 1915 as "The Hell-Gate of Soissons And Other Poems")
 * The Clock that Had No Hands (c. 1912; a compilation of essays on the value of advertising)
 * Neighbors (c. 1914)

Kaufman is known for his essays on success, war poetry, and "Kaufmanisms." A "Kaufmanism" is the persuasive rhetorical juxtaposition of words that reverses the subject and object of a phrase often meant to change its context and meaning, typically used to add additional emphasis to both nouns.

Select Kaufmanisms:

 * "A coward can't conquer anything, because he can't conquer himself."
 * "The man who won't go through to the finish has finished at the start."
 * "They who fight in the dark do not shine in the light."
 * "Mind your own business and in time you'll have a business of your own to mind."

Selected magazine bibliography

 * "The Stainless Banner", Everybody's Magazine, June 1909.
 * "America (pm)" Everybody's Magazine, January 1910.
 * "The Song of the Man", Hampton's, August 1910.
 * "The Living Dead", Everybody's Magazine, November 1911.
 * "Fool's Gold", Everybody's Magazine, March 1913.
 * "To Wilhelm the Mad", Nash's Magazine, September 1914.
 * "Scum O' The Melting Pot", McClure's Magazine, April 1920

title: Herbert Kaufman


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Minister responsible for La Francophonie (Canada)

The Minister responsible for La Francophonie is a member of the Canadian Cabinet who handles relations with the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, an international community of francophone nations considered the French equivalent of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Role
The Minister responsible for the Francophonie is one of three ministers currently associated with the department Global Affairs Canada. A similar position exists at the provincial level in the Government of Quebec.

It is traditional that the minister be from Quebec or from a Francophone community outside Quebec. It is tacitly understood that the minister should speak French fluently.

List of ministers

 * Jean-Luc Pépin (1983–1984)
 * Jean Chrétien (1984)
 * Monique Vézina (1984–1986)
 * Monique Landry (1986–1993)
 * Monique Vézina (1993) (second time)
 * André Ouellet (1993–1996)
 * Pierre Pettigrew (1996)
 * Don Boudria (1996–1997)
 * Diane Marleau (1997–1999)
 * Ronald Duhamel* (1999–2002)
 * Denis Paradis* (2002–2003)
 * Denis Coderre (2003–2004)
 * Jacques Saada (2004–2006)
 * Josée Verner (2006–2007)
 * Maxime Bernier (2007–2008)
 * Josée Verner (2008–2011); second time
 * Bernard Valcourt (2011–2013)
 * Steven Blaney (2013)
 * Christian Paradis (2013–2015)
 * Marie-Claude Bibeau (2015–2018)
 * Mélanie Joly (2018–present)

(*)Secretary of State responsible for La Francophonie and not a member of Cabinet.