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Hydrograph

A hydrograph is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time past a specific point in a river, channel, or conduit carrying flow. The rate of flow is typically expressed in cubic meters or cubic feet per second (cms or cfs). Hydrographs often relate changes of precipitation to changes in discharge over time. It can also refer to a graph showing the volume of water reaching a particular outfall, or location in a sewerage network. Graphs are commonly used in the design of sewerage, more specifically, the design of surface water sewerage systems and combined sewers.

Terminology
Source:

 * Discharge: the rate of flow (volume per unit time) passing a specific location in a river, or other channel. The discharge is measured at a specific point in a river and is typically time variant.
 * Approach Segment: the river flow before the storm (antecedent flow).
 * Rising limb: The rising limb of the hydrograph, also known as concentration curve, reflects a prolonged increase in discharge from a catchment area, typically in response to a rainfall event.
 * Peak discharge:the highest point on the hydrograph when the rate of discharge is greatest.
 * Recession (or falling) limb: The recession limb extends from the peak flow rate onward. The end of stormflow (a.k.a. quickflow or direct runoff) and the return to groundwater-derived flow (base flow) is often taken as the point of inflection of the recession limb.  The recession limb represents the withdrawal of water from the storage built up in the basin during the earlier phases of the hydrograph.
 * Lag-1: autocorrelation method to compare streamflow data to itself by shifting or "lagging" initial discharge dataset 1 time unit. A Lag-10 would mean the initial data is shifted 10 days, then is compared to an unshifted version of the data. Not to be confused with lag time.
 * Lag time: the time interval from the maximum rainfall to the peak discharge.
 * Time to peak: time interval from the start of rainfall to the peak discharge.
 * Time of concentration: Time of concentration is the time from the end of the precipitation period to the end of the quick–response runoff in the hydrograph.

Types of hydrographs include:
 * Stream discharge hydrographs
 * Stream stage hydrographs
 * Precipitation hydrographs
 * Storm hydrographs
 * Flood hydrographs
 * Annual hydrographs a.k.a. regimes
 * Direct Runoff Hydrograph
 * Effective Runoff Hydrograph
 * Raster Hydrograph
 * Lag-1 Hydrograph
 * Storage opportunities in the drainage network (e.g., lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, channel and bank storage capacity)

Baseflow separation
A stream hydrograph is commonly determining the influence of different hydrologic processes on discharge from the subject catchment. Because the timing, magnitude, and duration of groundwater return flow differs so greatly from that of direct runoff, separating and understanding the influence of these distinct processes is key to analyzing and simulating the likely hydrologic effects of various land use, water use, weather, and climate conditions and changes.

However, the process of separating “baseflow” from “direct runoff” is an inexact science. In part this is because these two concepts are not, themselves, entirely distinct and unrelated. Return flow from groundwater increases along with overland flow from saturated or impermeable areas during and after a storm event; moreover, a particular water molecule can easily move through both pathways en route to the watershed outlet. Therefore, separation of a purely “baseflow component” in a hydrograph is a somewhat arbitrary exercise. Nevertheless, various graphical and empirical techniques have been developed to perform these hydrograph separations. The separation of base flow from direct runoff can be an important first step in developing rainfall-runoff models for a watershed of interest—for example, in developing and applying unit hydrographs as described below.

Unit hydrograph
A unit hydrograph (UH) is the hypothetical unit response of a watershed (in terms of runoff volume and timing) to a unit input of rainfall. It can be defined as the direct runoff hydrograph (DRH) resulting from one unit (e.g., one cm or one inch) of effective rainfall occurring uniformly over that watershed at a uniform rate over a unit period of time. As a UH is applicable only to the direct runoff component of a hydrograph (i.e., surface runoff), a separate determination of the baseflow component is required.

A UH is specific to a particular watershed, and specific to a particular length of time corresponding to the duration of the effective rainfall. That is, the UH is specified as being the 1-hour, 6-hour, or 24-hour UH, or any other length of time up to the time of concentration of direct runoff at the watershed outlet. Thus, for a given watershed, there can be many unit hydrographs, each one corresponding to a different duration of effective rainfall.

The UH technique provides a practical and relatively easy-to-apply tool for quantifying the effect of a unit of rainfall on the corresponding runoff from a particular drainage basin. UH theory assumes that a watershed's runoff response is linear and time-invariant, and that the effective rainfall occurs uniformly over the watershed. In the real world, none of these assumptions are strictly true. Nevertheless, application of UH methods typically yields a reasonable approximation of the flood response of natural watersheds. The linear assumptions underlying UH theory allows for the variation in storm intensity over time (i.e., the storm hyetograph) to be simulated by applying the principles of superposition and proportionality to separate storm components to determine the resulting cumulative hydrograph. This allows for a relatively straightforward calculation of the hydrograph response to any arbitrary rain event.

An instantaneous unit hydrograph is a further refinement of the concept; for an IUH, the input rainfall is assumed to all take place at a discrete point in time (obviously, this isn't the case for actual rainstorms). Making this assumption can greatly simplify the analysis involved in constructing a unit hydrograph, and it is necessary for the creation of a geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph.

The creation of a GIUH is possible given nothing more than topologic data for a particular drainage basin. In fact, only the number of streams of a given order, the mean length of streams of a given order, and the mean land area draining directly to streams of a given order are absolutely required (and can be estimated rather than explicitly calculated if necessary). It is therefore possible to calculate a GIUH for a basin without any data about stream height or flow, which may not always be available.

Subsurface hydrology hydrograph
In subsurface hydrology (hydrogeology), a hydrograph is a record of the water level (the observed hydraulic head in wells screened across an aquifer).

Typically, a hydrograph is recorded for monitoring of heads in aquifers during non-test conditions (e.g., to observe the seasonal fluctuations in an aquifer). When an aquifer test is being performed, the resulting observations are typically called drawdown, since they are subtracted from pre-test levels and often only the change in water level is dealt with.

Raster hydrograph
Raster hydrographs are pixel-based plots for visualizing and identifying variations and changes in large multidimensional data sets. Originally developed by Keim (2000) they were first applied in hydrology by Koehler (2004) as a means of highlighting inter-annual and intra-annual changes in streamflow. The raster hydrographs in WaterWatch, like those developed by Koehler, depict years on the y-axis and days along the x-axis. Users can choose to plot streamflow (actual values or log values), streamflow percentile, or streamflow class (from 1, for low flow, to 7 for high flow), for Daily, 7-Day, 14-Day, and 28-Day streamflow. For a more comprehensive description of raster hydrographs, see Strandhagen et al. (2006).

Lag-1 hydrograph
A Lag-1 hydrograph is a graph of discharge which can be accomplished without a time axis (Koehler 2022). This technique allows data properties such as Q, dQ/dt, and d2Q/dt2, and trends of increasing, decreasing or no change flow to be readily seen and understood on a single graph. Flow pulse reference lines can easily be added and interpreted. The methodology is based on the time-series serial correlation lag-1 graph and uses the normally unwanted (but still valuable) autocorrelation present within the streamflow data.

The x-axis represents the discharge for a date, Qt, while the y-axis represents the discharge for the next day, Qt+1. Data preparation and plotting methods are identical to an autocorrelation lag 1 plot, where 1 indicates a 1-day or daily time step. The table below shows how the time-series discharge are shifted. It is critical that the temporal sequence is maintained for the data. Thinking of the x values as “flow for today” and the y values as “flow for tomorrow” helps visualize the order of the data.

title: Hydrograph


text:
User talk:Gorbalad

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Gorbalad


text:
Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for Scenario

This Prize for Scenario is awarded to comics authors at the Angoulême International Comics Festival.

In the following list, the winner of the award is listed first, followed by the nominees.

1990s

 * 1993: Saigon-Hanoï by Cosey, Dupuis
 * 1994: Julius Corentin Acquefacques, prisonnier des rêves: Le processus by Marc-Antoine Mathieu, Delcourt
 * 1995: Le lièvre de Mars: Tome 2 by Antonio Parras and Patrick Cothias, Glénat
 * 1996: Juan Solo: Fils de flingue by Georges Bess and Alejandro Jodorowsky, Les Humanoïdes Associés
 * 1997: Le voyage by Edmond Baudoin, L'Association
 * 1998: Kid Congo by Jacques de Loustal and Philippe Paringaux, Casterman
 * 1999: La grande arnaque by Carlos Trillo and Domingo Mandrafina, Albin Michel

2000s

 * 2000: L'ascension du Haut Mal: Tome 4 by David B.
 * Berceuse assassine: Les jambes de Martha by Ralf Meyer and Philippe Tome
 * Péché mortel: Autopsie d'un mensonge by Joseph Griesmar and Toff
 * Tramp: Pour Hélène by Patrick Jusseaume and Jean-Charles Kraehn
 * Trois Allumettes by David Chauvel and Hervé Boivin
 * 2001: Les quatre fleuves by Edmond Baudoin and Fred Vargas
 * Les innommables: Pas-de-mâchoire by Didier Conrad and Yann
 * Les petits contes noirs: La fin du monde by Pierre and Frank Le Gall
 * Professeur Bell: Les poupées de Jérusalem by Joann Sfar
 * La rose de Jéricho: Dernier jour by Uriel
 * 2002: Persepolis: Tome 2 by Marjane Satrapi, L'Association
 * Special mention for Rural! by Étienne Davodeau, Delcourt
 * Amours fragiles: Le Dernier Printemps by Philippe Richelle and Jean-Michel Beuriot, Casterman
 * Le décalogue: Le serment by TBC and Frank Giroud, Glénat
 * Green Manor: Assassins et gentlemen by Fabien Vehlmann and Denis Bodart, Dupuis
 * La ligue des gentlemen extraordinaires (The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen) by Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill, USA Éditions
 * Le Playboy (The Playboy) by Chester Brown, Les 400 Coups
 * 2003: Quartier lointain: Tome 1 by Jirô Taniguchi, Casterman
 * Garduno, en temps de paix by Philippe Squarzoni, Les Requins Marteaux
 * Max Fridman: Rio de Sangre by Vittorio Giardino, Glénat
 * Monster by Naoki Urasawa, Kana
 * Le pouvoir des innocents: Sergent Logan by Luc Brunschwig and Laurent Hirn, Delcourt
 * Torso by Marc Andreyko and Brian Michael Bendis, Semic
 * 2004: The Sandman: La saison des brumes by Neil Gaiman, Delcourt
 * Caravane by Bernard Olivié and Jorge Zentner, Amok
 * Cuervos by Richard Marazano and Michel Durand, Glénat
 * La grippe coloniale: Le retour d'Ulysse by Serge Huo Chao Si and Appollo, Vents d'Ouest
 * La Ligue des Gentlemen extraordinaires: Tome 4 (The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen) by Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill, USA Éditions
 * Mémoire d'un commercial by Morvandiau, Les Requins Marteaux
 * Planetes by Makoto Yukimura, Marvel
 * 2005: Comme des lapins by Ralf König, Glénat
 * Clichés Beyrouth 1990 by Christophe Gaultier, Bruno Ricard and Sylvain Ricard, Les Humanoïdes Associés
 * Le marquis d'Anaon: La providence by Fabien Vehlmann and Matthieu Bonhomme, Dargaud
 * Le sang des Valentines by Christian De Metter and Muller Cattel, Casterman
 * Summer of Love by Debbie Drechsler, L'Association
 * Le tour de valse by Ruben Pellejero and Denis Lapière, Dupuis
 * Y, le dernier homme: Tome 2 (Y the Last Man) by Brian K. Vaughan and Pia Guerra, Semic
 * 2006: Les mauvaises gens by Etienne Davodeau, Delcourt
 * The autobiography of me too two by Guillaume Bouzard, Les Requins Marteaux
 * Dans la prison by Kazuichi Hanawa, Ego comme x
 * Hemingway by Jason, Carabas
 * A History of Violence by John Wagner and Vince Locke, Delcourt
 * Les passe-murailles: Le dedans des choses by Stéphane Oiry and Jean-Luc Cornette, Les Humanoïdes Associés
 * Le roi des mouches: Hallorave by Mezzo and Pirus, Albin Michel


text:
Keith Taylor (British politician)

Keith Richard Taylor (1 August 1953 – 31 October 2022) was a Green Party of England and Wales politician who was MEP for South East England from 2010 to 2019 and was the Party's animal rights spokesperson until his retirement in 2019. He was one of the two Principal Speakers of the party from August 2004 to November 2006.

Early career
Before becoming a Green Party activist, Taylor lived in Brighton and owned a local business. Taylor "took to community activism opposing an inappropriate local development", leading him to join the Green Party. Taylor was a participant in the campaign by BUDD, opposing the development now called the New England Quarter adjacent to Brighton railway station.

Green Party councillor and parliamentary candidate
In 1999, Taylor was elected as a councillor on Brighton and Hove Borough Council, representing the St Peter's ward. He became 'Convenor' (the local group's name for its leader) of the Green group on the council. During his time as a councillor Taylor was a member of the Policy & Resources Committee, the Adult Social Care & Health Committee, the Housing Committee, the Joint Commissioning Board, the Shoreham Airport Joint Committee, the Housing Decision Procedures Scrutiny Panel and the Licensing & Regulatory Functions Sub-Committee.

Taylor stood in 2001 and 2005 as the parliamentary candidate for the Green Party in the Brighton Pavilion constituency. Taylor received 9.3% in 2001 and 21.9% of the vote in 2005.

In August 2004, Taylor was appointed a replacement for Mike Woodin as the Green Party's Male Principal Speaker alongside Caroline Lucas. The Guardian stated that Taylor "defies the stereotype of Green politicians as earnest or bookish academics". Taylor was confirmed in the post after a by-election in November 2005, beating Derek Wall by 851 votes to 803; again, serving alongside Lucas. Taylor had gained prominence for being, at the time, the Green Party's most successful parliamentary candidate in the UK, after winning 22% of the vote in the Brighton Pavilion constituency at the 2005 General Election. In November 2006, Taylor lost re-election to Wall by 767 votes to 705.

In 2007, Taylor faced Lucas to be selected as the Green Party's parliamentary candidate for the Brighton Pavilion constituency in the next general election. Taylor, on announcing his campaign, said, "This will be the third time I've contested this seat. I inherited a 2.6% vote for the Greens and have built that up to 22%. Next time, if I am selected again Brighton voters will make history in electing me the country's first Green MP". Lucas, in a letter to local party members, said that she had been invited to stand by several local members and described it as "the most difficult decision of my life" because of her "personal and family commitments" and her "loyalty and commitment to Keith Taylor, who is a person and a politician for whom I have great admiration and respect".

On 18 July 2007, it was announced that Lucas had been selected ahead of Taylor by the Brighton Green Party. Lucas won with 55% of the party ballot against Taylor's 45%. Taylor congratulated Lucas and pledged his support for her campaign.

In May 2009 Taylor was an early signatory of the International Simultaneous Policy (SIMPOL) which seeks to end the usual deadlock in tackling global issues.

Member of European Parliament
On 5 May 2010 Lucas was elected as Member of Parliament for Brighton Pavilion and upon doing so was required to resign as the MEP for the South East of England. Taylor being second on the Green Party list was appointed Lucas' replacement to serve out the remainder of the term until 2014. Taylor was also required to resign as a local councillor under European Parliament rules on dual mandates. Taylor was reelected as MEP for the South East region in the 2014 Euro election, with 9.05% of the vote. He did not stand in the 2019 European election. In the European Parliament he sat with the Greens–European Free Alliance.

title: Keith Taylor (British politician)


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Matthias Wissmann

Matthias Wissmann (born 15 April 1949) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as the president of the German Automobile Industry Association (VdA) from 2007 until 2018.

Since 1999 Wissmann has been a partner with the law firm WilmerHale.

Early life and education
Wissmann was born in Ludwigsburg on 15 April 1949. He studied law at the university of Bonn. He became a member of K.D.St.V. Alania Bonn, a catholic student fraternity that is member of the Cartellverband.

Political career
Since 1965, Wissmann has been active in politics. He became a member of the political youth organisation Junge Union and in 1968 of the CDU. From 1973 to 1983 he was federal leader of the Junge Union.

In 1976, Wissmann was elected to the German Bundestag for the Christlich-Demokratische Union. In 1981, he was chairman of the commission Jugendprotest im demokratischen Staat (youth protest in the democratic state) until 1983. In the years 1983 until 1993 he was the spokesman of his parliamentary group for economic affairs, under the leadership of successive chairmen Alfred Dregger and Wolfgang Schäuble.

On 21 January 1993, Wissmann became Federal Minister of Research and Technology in the government of Chancellor Helmut Kohl. Only four-month later, after the resignation of Günther Krause, he became Federal Minister of Transport on 13 May 1993.

During his time in office, Wissmann – together with the Governing Mayor of Berlin Eberhard Diepgen and the Minister-President of Brandenburg Manfred Stolpe – committed to Schönefeld as the site for the new Berlin Brandenburg Airport on 28 May 1996. This so-called consensus decision was later affirmed by the respective state legislatures.

Wissmann left the government after his party lost the federal elections on 27 September 1998.

During Wolfgang Schäuble's tenure as party chairman from 1998 to 2000, Wissmann served as federal treasurer of the CDU. By April 2000, following the CDU donations scandal, he had to report an annual deficit of more than $8 million and oversaw efforts to cut personnel, rent out part of the party's new Berlin headquarters, and shrink its publications.

From 1998 to 2002 Wissmann also was the chairman of the parliamentary Committee on Economic Affairs and Technology. From 2002 he served as chairman of the Committee on the Affairs of the European Union.

During his time in parliament, Wissmann also became partner at the international law firm WilmerHale. At the firm, he was a member of the corporate group, where he focused on transactions having a transatlantic dimension, and headed the Legal Strategy and Public Policy practice group in Berlin.

Life after politics
Wissmann laid down his parliamentary mandate by 31 May 2007 to become the president of the German Automobile Industry Association (VDA) from 1 June 2007. He held this office until February 2018. During his time in office, he also served as vice-president of Pro Mobilität, an industry group lobbying for improvements in Germany's street network.

In 2014, Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy Sigmar Gabriel appointed Wissmann to the government's advisory board on the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP).

In October 2016, Wissmann was unanimously elected as president of the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA) for a two-year mandate, succeeding Yong-geun Kim. Since 2017, he has also been Vice President of the Federation of German Industries (BDI).

Corporate boards

 * ODDO BHF, Member of the supervisory board (from 2019)
 * Freitag & Co., Member of the advisory board (since 2016)
 * Lufthansa, Member of the supervisory board (2008-2020)
 * Landesbank Baden-Württemberg (LBBW), Member of the advisory board (-2010)
 * Seeburger AG, Member of the Supervisory Board
 * EnBW, Member of the advisory board (2004-2009)

Non-profits

 * Federation of German Industries (BDI), Ex-Officio Member of the Presidium
 * Ludwigsburg Festival, Member of the Board of Trustees
 * Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft, Member of the Board of Trustees
 * Trilateral Commission, Member of the European Group

title: Matthias Wissmann


text:
User:Helldjinn~enwiki

Hi everybody, i'm a 22 French student living in Douai working here to improve the content of wikipedia about Franco-Belgian comics (which is really poor by now).

Articles done :
 * Angoulême International Comics Festival
 * Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for Best Comic Book
 * Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize Awarded by the Audience
 * Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for Scenario
 * Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for Artwork
 * Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for First Comic Book
 * Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for a Series
 * Angoulême International Comics Festival Prize for Inheritance
 * Angoulême International Comics Festival Prix Jeunesse 9-12 ans
 * Angoulême International Comics Festival Prix Jeunesse 7-8 ans
 * Angoulême International Comics Festival Fanzine Prize
 * Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême
 * Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
 * Prix de la critique
 * Emmanuel Larcenet
 * Juan Diaz Canales
 * Juanjo Guarnido
 * David Beauchard
 * Luiz Eduardo De Olivera

and all the redirect pages that links there !

fr:Utilisateur:Helldjinn

title: User:Helldjinn~enwiki


text:
Robert Stephens

Sir Robert Graham Stephens (14 July 1931 – 12 November 1995) was a leading English actor in the early years of Britain's Royal National Theatre. He was one of the most respected actors of his generation and was at one time regarded as the natural successor to Laurence Olivier.

Early life and career
Stephens was born in Shirehampton, Bristol, in 1931, the eldest of three children of shipyard labourer and costing surveyor Reuben Stephens (1905 – 1985) and chocolate-factory worker Gladys Millicent (née Deverill; 1906 – 1975). When aged 18, he won a scholarship to Esme Church's Bradford Civic Theatre School in Yorkshire, where he met his first wife Nora, a fellow student. His first professional engagement was with the Caryl Jenner Mobile Theatre, which he followed in 1951 by a year of more challenging parts in repertory at the Royalty Theatre, Morecambe, followed by seasons of touring and at the Hippodrome, Preston. London director Tony Richardson saw a performance at the Royalty; this led to an offer of a place in the "momentous" first season of English Stage Company at the Royal Court in 1956. Stephens's success was assured.

He appeared in two versions of Epitaph for George Dillon on Broadway during the 1958-59 season for which he received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play.

His early films included A Taste of Honey (1961), Cleopatra (1963) and The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969) with his then wife Maggie Smith. There was also a minor role as Prince Escalus in Franco Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet (1968), as well as a starring role in Billy Wilder's The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970) and the gothic horror film The Asphyx (1972).

Stephens played Atahuallpa in the original 1964 National Theatre production of The Royal Hunt of the Sun. He and Smith appeared together on stage and in film, notably in The Recruiting Officer at the Old Vic and the film version of The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie in 1969. However, following his departure from the National Theatre in 1970 and the break-up of their marriage in 1973, he suffered a career slump, not helped by heavy drinking and a breakdown.

Although he continued to work on stage (notably in the National Theatre's The Mysteries in 1986), film (The Fruit Machine in 1988—titled Wonderland in the US—and Kenneth Branagh's Henry V), and television (notably in the role of Abner Brown in the 1984 BBC TV dramatisation of the children's classic The Box of Delights and as the Master of an Oxford college in an episode of Inspector Morse), it was not until the 1990s that he re-established himself at the forefront of his profession, when the Royal Shakespeare Company invited him to play Falstaff in Henry IV for director Adrian Noble (opening April 1991), the title roles in Julius Caesar (director Steven Pimlott) later in the year and then King Lear, again for Noble, in May 1993. He was awarded the Laurence Olivier Theatre Award in 1993 for Best Actor, for his performance as Falstaff.

Stephens provided the voice of Aragorn in the 1981 BBC Radio serialisation of The Lord of the Rings. In 1985, he directed the British premiere production of Danny and the Deep Blue Sea by John Patrick Shanley at the Gate Theatre, London.

Stephens was knighted as a Knight Bachelor in the 1995 New Years Honours List "For services to Drama".

Personal life
Stephens was married four times:
 * 1951: to Nora Ann Simmons; they had one child, Michael Stephens, and divorced in 1952.
 * 1956: to Tarn Bassett; they had a daughter, Lucy, and divorced in 1967
 * 1967: to Maggie Smith; they had two sons, the actors Chris Larkin and Toby Stephens, and divorced in 1975.
 * 1995: to Belfast-born Patricia Quinn (Lady Stephens; born 28 May 1944).

Death
Following years of ill health, he died on 12 November 1995 at the age of 64 due to complications during surgery, eleven months after having been knighted.

title: Robert Stephens


text: Category:Rocket engines

title: Category:Rocket engines


text:
Talk:Hindustan Motors

how many kilometres does it give in deisel model and petrol models?what is the cost of car on road

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title: Talk:Hindustan Motors


text:
Lycaenidae

Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies. They constitute about 30% of the known butterfly species.

The family comprises seven subfamilies, including the blues (Polyommatinae), the coppers (Lycaeninae), the hairstreaks (Theclinae), and the harvesters (Miletinae).

Description, food, and life cycle
Adults are small, under 5 cm usually, and brightly coloured, sometimes with a metallic gloss. Lycaenidae wings are generally blue or green. More than half of these butterflies depend on ants in some way.

Larvae are often flattened rather than cylindrical, with glands that may produce secretions that attract and subdue ants. Their cuticles tend to be thickened. Some larvae are capable of producing vibrations and low sounds that are transmitted through the substrates they inhabit. They use these sounds to communicate with ants.

Adult individuals often have hairy antenna-like tails complete with black and white annulated (ringed) appearance. Many species also have a spot at the base of the tail and some turn around upon landing to confuse potential predators from recognizing the true head orientation. This causes predators to approach from the true head end resulting in early visual detection or to attack the false head ending up with a beak of dusty scales.

Lycaenid caterpillars are diverse in their food habits and apart from phytophagy, some are entomophagous, feeding on aphids, scale insects, and ant larvae. Some lycaenids even exploit their association with ants by inducing ants to feed them by regurgitation, a process called trophallaxis. Not all lycaenid butterflies need ants, but about 75% of species associate with ants, a relationship called myrmecophily. These associations can be mutualistic, parasitic, or predatory depending on the species.

In some species, larvae are attended and protected by ants while feeding on the host plant, and the ants receive sugar-rich honeydew from them, throughout the larval life, and in some species during the pupal stage. In other species, only the first few instars are spent on the plant, and the remainder of the larval lifespan is spent as a predator within the ant nest. It becomes a parasite, feeding on ant regurgitations, or a predator on the ant larvae. The caterpillars pupate inside the ants' nest and the ants continue to look after the pupae. Just before the adults emerge, the wings of the butterfly inside the pupal case detach from it, and the pupa becomes silvery. The adult butterfly emerges from the pupa after three to four weeks, still inside the ant nest. The butterfly must crawl out of the ant nest before it can expand its wings.

Several evolutionary adaptations enable these associations, including small glands on the skin of the caterpillars called "pore cupola organs". Caterpillars of many species have a gland on the seventh abdominal segment that produces honeydew and is called the "dorsal nectary gland" (also called "Newcomer's gland"). An eversible organ called the "tentacular organ" is present on the eighth abdominal segment and this is cylindrical and topped with a ring of spikes and emits chemical signals which are believed to help in communicating with ants.

Subfamilies

Many taxonomists only include the Lycaeninae, Theclinae, Polyommatinae, Poritiinae, Miletinae, and Curetinae under the Lycaenidae. The Aphnaeinae, which used to be a tribe (Aphnaeini) within the Theclinae, were recently given subfamily rank too.

 * Curetinae – sunbeams (Oriental or Palaearctic). Selected species:
 * Curetis thetis – Indian sunbeam
 * Miletinae – harvesters (mostly African, or Oriental, one Nearctic), probably all feed on aphids or their secretions. Selected species:
 * Liphyra brassolis – moth butterfly (largest lycaenid)
 * Poritiinae (Oriental and Afrotropical)
 * Aphnaeinae (Afrotropical and Oriental)
 * Theclinae – hairstreaks (usually tailed) and elfins (not tailed) (global). Selected species:
 * Arhopala – oakblues
 * Atlides halesus – great purple hairstreak
 * Eumaeus atala – Atala
 * Satyrium pruni – black hairstreak
 * Lycaeninae – coppers (Holarctic). Selected species:
 * Iophanus pyrrhias – Guatemalan copper
 * Lycaena boldenarum – boulder copper
 * Lycaena epixanthe – bog copper
 * Lycaena rauparaha – Rauparaha's copper
 * Lycaena dispar – large copper
 * Lycaena phlaeas – small copper
 * Lycaena heteronea – blue copper
 * Polyommatinae – blues (global). Selected species:
 * Celastrina ladon – spring azure
 * Chilades – jewel blues
 * Cupido comyntas – eastern tailed-blue
 * Cupido minimus – small blue
 * Cyaniris semiargus – mazarine blue
 * Euphilotes battoides allyni – El Segundo blue
 * Euphilotes pallescens arenamontana – Sand Mountain blue
 * Glaucopsyche lygdamus – silvery blue
 * Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis – Palos Verdes blue
 * Glaucopsyche xerces (extinct) – Xerces blue
 * Icaricia icarioides fenderi – Fender's blue
 * Phengaris arion – large blue
 * Polyommatus icarus – common blue
 * Pseudozizeeria maha – pale grass blue
 * Plebejus argus – silver-studded blue
 * Talicada nyseus – red Pierrot

Some older classifications used to include other subfamilies such as Liphyrinae (now Liphyrini, a tribe within Miletinae), Lipteninae (now Liptenini, a tribe within Poritiinae), or Riodininae (now a separate family: Riodinidae).

The fossil genus Lithodryas is usually (but not unequivocally) placed here; Lithopsyche is sometimes placed here, but sometimes in the Riodininae.

title: Lycaenidae


text:
Albert Sévigny

Albert Sévigny, (December 31, 1881 – May 14, 1961) was a Canadian politician, and a judge.

Life and career
Sévigny was born in Tingwick, Quebec. He opened a law practice in Quebec City in 1905 and practiced until 1911.

Political career
In 1907, he was a candidate for the Quebec Conservative Party in a provincial by-election, but was defeated.

He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1911 federal election. His election was facilitated by an informal alliance between the Conservatives and the Nationalists led by Henri Bourassa because of Sevigny's sympathy with Bourassa's views.

In Parliament, Sevigny became a supporter of Canadian participation in World War I despite the strong opposition of most Quebecers, and became a staunch Conservative. He was appointed Deputy Speaker in 1915, and in 1916, he became Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada.

Prime Minister Robert Borden was facing an increasing divisive crisis over conscription with the country divided between English Canadians who supported the measure and French-Canadians who fervently opposed it. In early 1917, Borden asked Sevigny to leave the Speaker's chair and join the Cabinet to help the government persuade Quebecers of the government's case.

Sévigny was appointed Minister of Inland Revenue, and was required by the laws of the time to resign his seat and run in a by-election. He was re-elected by a margin of only 257 votes.

In June, Borden introduced conscription and, of the French Canadian Members of Parliament, only three voted for the conscription bill, including Sévigny.

Borden formed a Union government with dissident Liberals and called a general election in 1917 on the conscription issue. The country divided largely along linguistic lines: the Conservative candidates were wiped out in Quebec in a rout that cost Sévigny his seat. Borden's coalition dominated the election in English Canada, however, and he was returned with a strong majority.

Judicial career
In 1921, the Conservative government appointed Sévigny to the Quebec Superior Court on which he served for 39 years, becoming Associate Chief Justice in 1933 and Chief Justice in 1942.

In 1950, Sévigny presided over the murder trial of Albert Guay, who was responsible for the bombing of Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 108.

title: Albert Sévigny


text:
Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Candidate questions

 * Candidate, please indicate acceptance of the nomination here:

Support

Oppose

Neutral

Comments

Questions for the candidate

A few generic questions to provide guidance for voters:
 * 1. What sysop chores, if any, would you anticipate helping with? (Please read the page about administrators and the administrators' reading list.)
 * A.
 * 2. Of your articles or contributions to Wikipedia, are there any about which you are particularly pleased, and why?
 * A.
 * 3. Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or do you feel other users have caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
 * A.


text:
Breckenridge

Breckenridge may refer to:

People

 * Breckenridge (surname)
 * Breckenridge Ellis

United States

 * Breckenridge, Colorado
 * Breckenridge Ski Resort, an alpine ski resort in the western United States, in Colorado at the town of Breckenridge
 * Breckenridge 100, annual bike race
 * Breckenridge, Hancock County, Illinois
 * Breckenridge, Sangamon County, Illinois
 * Breckenridge, Indiana
 * Breckenridge, Michigan
 * Breckenridge, Minnesota
 * Breckenridge, Missouri
 * Breckenridge, Oklahoma
 * Breckenridge, Texas
 * Breckenridge Hills, Missouri
 * Breckenridge Reservoir, on Chopawamsic Creek, Virginia
 * Breckenridge Township, Caldwell County, Missouri
 * Breckenridge Township, Wilkin County, Minnesota

Canada

 * Breckenridge Greens, Edmonton, Alberta

title: Breckenridge


text:
Denny White

Dennis L. White of Columbus, Ohio, was the chairman of the Ohio Democratic Party, 2002–2005. He was chairman of the Ohio delegation to the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, where he urged members of his delegation not to cross picket lines in the event of a labor dispute between Boston's Mayor and its police union. This led several delegates to complain that they were being "forced to take a side without knowing all the facts".

White resigned as chairman of Ohio Democratic Party on November 26, 2005. He is currently a member of the Democratic National Committee.

title: Denny White


text:
Briar Creek

Briar Creek or Brier Creek may refer to:

Streams

 * Brier Creek (Savannah River tributary), in Georgia, U.S.
 * Brier Creek (Susquehanna River tributary), in Otsego County, New York, U.S.
 * Briar Creek (Susquehanna River tributary), in Pennsylvania, U.S.
 * East Branch Briar Creek
 * West Branch Briar Creek
 * Brier Creek (Big Coal River tributary), in West Virginia, U.S.

Places

 * Briar Creek, Pennsylvania, U.S.
 * Briar Creek Township, Pennsylvania, U.S.

title: Briar Creek


text:
User talk:Jayabroto

Image:22BHUTIA.JPG
Burgundavia (✈ take a flight?) 09:27, May 21, 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jayabroto


text:
Withernsea

Withernsea is a seaside resort town and civil parish in Holderness, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. Its white inland lighthouse, rising around 127 ft above Hull Road, now houses a museum to 1950s actress Kay Kendall, who was born in the town.

The Prime Meridian crosses the coast north-west of Withernsea.

At the 2011 UK census, Withernsea had a population of 6,159, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 5,980.

Withernsea education system consists of both Withernsea High School, and Withernsea Primary School.

History
Like many seaside resorts, Withernsea has a wide promenade which reaches north and south from Pier Towers, the historic entrance to the pier, built in 1877 at a cost of £12,000. The pier itself was originally 399 yd long, costing £14,000 in 1878, but was gradually reduced in length through several impacts by local ships, starting with the Saffron in 1880 before the collision by an unnamed ship in 1888, again by a Grimsby fishing boat and again by the Henry Parr in 1893, leaving the pier with a mere 50 ft of damaged wood and steel, which was removed in 1903. The Pier Towers have been refurbished.

During the mid-19th century the Hull and Holderness Railway was constructed, connecting the nearby city of Hull with Withernsea (via Keyingham and Patrington) and making possible cheap and convenient holidays for Victorian workers and their families, as well as boosting Withernsea's economy. It closed in 1964 and all that remains of it is an overgrown footpath where the track used to be.

Withernsea, like many British resorts, has suffered from a decline in the number of visiting holidaymakers.

In 1916 a flying field (Owthorne), 35 acre in size was established by The Admiralty on the site now occupied by Withernsea High School. From June 1918 No. 506 Special Duty Flight (No. 251 Squadron) operated from Owthorne. Another 5 acre of land was requisitioned and Bessonneau hangars were constructed, and the site then became classified as an aerodrome. Activities ceased in June 1919 and Flight 506 was disbanded shortly thereafter.

Economy
Following an unsuccessful attempt to purchase the Proudfoot Supermarket, Tesco opened a competing store which originally struggled to attract sales. Tesco resorted to a campaign of price flexing, offering customers £8 off for every £20 spent in their Withernsea branch. This led to an investigation by the Competition Commission. After their market share increased, Tesco prices returned to a level closer to the national average. Subsequently, Aldi took over the former Proudfoot supermarket, and are now offering very competitive opposition to Tesco. In the 21st century, Withernsea Town Council has bought a former pub and nightclub, centrally located opposite Aldi, and has renamed it the Meridian Centre. A lottery bid for over £400,000 – Reaching Communities building fund – was successful, and the building was refurbished to provide a community centre, including a cinema and performing arts venue by 2013.

There is a 9-hole golf course and leisure centre complex (with a gym and indoor pool) and a variety of pubs and restaurants are situated around the centre of the town.

Landmarks
Some of the town's better-known tourist attractions and landmarks include:
 * The lighthouse situated on Hull Road with a museum dedicated to the actress Kay Kendall.
 * The Pier Towers leading onto a Blue Flag beach.
 * Valley Gardens with a large square and outside stage for local events and celebrations.
 * Various amusement arcades (informally known as 'muggies') that line the road opposite the Valley Gardens.
 * An RNLI lifeboat museum.
 * The parish church of St Nicholas, a Grade II* listed building.
 * The Greenwich Meridian; Just outside the town.

Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and ITV Yorkshire. Television signals are received from the Belmont TV transmitter. The area is served by BBC Radio Humberside, Viking FM, Seaside FM, Capital Yorkshire and Greatest Hits East Yorkshire. Ofcom awarded Seaside FM a community radio licence to broadcast to the town on 105.3 MHz and the station launched on 5 October 2007 from studios at 27 Seaside Road. It ceased broadcasting in October 2022. Weekly newspaper The Holderness Gazette also has offices on Seaside Road.

Education
There are a number of primary schools located in Withernsea which serve the surrounding area. Withernsea High School is the main secondary provider and has a technology college. The high school was refurbished in 2015.

Public services
Withernsea has its own hospital owned by the NHS which was subject to services cuts and lost its Accident and Emergency Department facility, it is now a community hospital. Withernsea has five emergency service stations located within the town, Yorkshire Ambulance Service; Humberside Fire and Rescue Service; Humberside Police; Her Majesty's Coastguard and lifeboat station.

Notable people

 * Birthplace of jazz musician Kenny Baker (1921–1999).
 * Dick Davis, English poet, teacher, and award-winning translator of Persian poetry, grew up in Withernsea during the 1950s.
 * Birthplace of footballer Stuart Gray.
 * Charles Hotham was vicar of Withernsea from 1640 to 1644.
 * Actress Kay Kendall was born in Withernsea in 1927.

 * The Ruby Red Performers, a group of dancers who appeared on the 9th series of Britain's Got Talent in 2015, are from Withernsea.

title: Withernsea


text:
Wikipedia talk:Requests for adminship/Candidate questions

From VfD:

I thought it would be nice to create this template for the questionnaire usually given on Requests for adminship. However, about 30 seconds after I created it, it occurred to me that the nominee wouldn't be able to answer the questionnaire without editing the template! Whoops! [[User:Mike Storm|Mike ∞ Storm]] 15:09, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I didn't even know there was such a quiz. Regardless, this template still seems useful if you use subst:. Rossami 18:20, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I think delete is the right call. A template used only on one page doesn't seem useful, even with subst:, since it can just as easily be copy'n'pasted. -- Netoholic 04:06, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * er... this is exactly what subst: is good for -- helping you avoid copy'n'pasting, particularly if you can't remember where you put that block of text to paste. Keep and subst:. +sj +  16:33, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * um... but its used one one page only. The block of text would be on that page as well. At the very least, it should me moved to a sub-page of Requests for adminship (maybe Requests for adminship/Quiz, where subst: could still be used to insert it. It just isn't "Template:" worthy because of its limited usefulness outside of one page. -- Netoholic 22:54, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * subst. Niteowlneils 18:27, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep as a subpage of RfA, not as a template. Do not call it a quiz. Requests for adminship/Candidate questions might be better. Angela. 06:55, Aug 13, 2004 (UTC)

end moved dicussion

 * I've added a fourth question in line with my personal admin promotion criterion on User:Jguk/admin criterion. It just saves me asking it in the comment section every time, jguk 14:29, 27 Feb 2005 (UTC)

The question makes it sound as if it's a requirement for adminship, and the questions overall were previously cut back to counteract this kind of question creep where everybody packs in their own personal "interview question". Adminship is supposed to be "no big deal", and RfA is not a job interview. If you want to know whether someone has satisfied a pet criterion, contribution histories are readily available. One of the great things about this process is that everyone can investigate people as much as they want without troubling others, including the candidate. --Michael Snow 04:13, 4 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I share Michael's concerns above, but I would take it a step further and advocate the elimination of the Rfa questionnaire completely. Taco Deposit | Talk-o to Taco 17:44, Mar 4, 2005 (UTC)

Subheads
I reverted Func's 05:23, 21 Jun 2005 addition of using subheads on this template based on Cecropia's similar revert on Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Eequor (2nd). Zzyzx11 (Talk) 00:15, 23 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Ordering & Headings
If we are going to keep these generic questions, then I have a couple of proposals:

Put the questions above the opinions
In my head, people giving an opinion on RfA ought to be able to read up what kind of person they're commenting on prior to seeing the comments of others. This will discourage sheep voting and help to reduce the nature of the popularity contest that RfA has become. It seems madness to me to suppport/oppose someone you haven't read all the details about.

Use proper headings
We ought to use proper page headings for the support, oppose, neutral and comments sections, as well as for the questions for the candidate section. This will make the page far easier to navigate using the table of contents.

Feedback on these ideas would be appreciated. Rob Church Talk 10:55, 8 September 2005 (UTC)


text:
Catherine L. Barrett

Catherine L. Barrett (June 14, 1941 – June 6, 2023) of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States was a former Democratic member of the Ohio House of Representatives, who served for eight years, the applicable term limit for that body. Previously, she served as mayor of Forest Park, Ohio.

She also served as a delegate for John Kerry on the Ohio delegation to the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston.

title: Catherine L. Barrett


text:
Joyce Beatty

Joyce Marie Beatty (née Birdsong, March 12, 1950) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for Ohio's 3rd congressional district since 2013, and as chair of the Congressional Black Caucus from 2021 to 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, Beatty represented the 27th district in the Ohio House of Representatives from 1999 to 2008, serving for a time as minority leader. She was also previously the senior vice-president for outreach and engagement at Ohio State University.

In 2012, Beatty ran in the newly redrawn Ohio's 3rd congressional district, based in Columbus, and won the Democratic primary, defeating former U.S. Representative Mary Jo Kilroy. She went on to defeat Republican Chris Long in the general election. Beatty was married to Otto Beatty Jr., who was also a former Ohio state representative.

Early life, family, education, and early political career
Beatty was born on March 12, 1950, in Dayton, Ohio. She has a B.A. in speech from Central State University, an M.S. in counseling psychology from Wright State University in 1975, and has studied at the doctoral level at the University of Cincinnati. Beatty served as the Montgomery County Health and Human Services Director responsible for administering the county's health levy and area public nursing homes, including Stillwater Nursing Home. In 2003, she received an honorary doctorate from the Ohio Dominican University. Beatty served as a delegate for John Kerry on the Ohio delegation to the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston. Beatty was married to attorney and former State Representative Otto Beatty Jr. She has been a national spokesperson for the American Heart Association. She served on the Columbus American Heart Association Board, Ohio Democratic Committee, Women's Fund, NAACP, and Delta Sigma Theta sorority. In addition, she was a legislative chair of The Links and a chair of the Columbus Urban League Board. She won the 2002 YWCA Woman of Achievement Award, the Ohio Health Speaking of Women Health Award, NAACP Freedom Award, Woman of Courage Award, and the Urban League Leadership Recognition Award, and the Dayton NAACP 2019 Leadership Award.

Elections
In 1999, longtime State Representative Otto Beatty Jr. of Ohio's 21st House district decided to resign early to begin an opportunity in the private sector. His wife, Joyce Beatty, was appointed to his seat. She won a full term in 2000 with 82% of the vote. After redistricting, she decided to run in the newly redrawn Ohio's 27th House district and was reelected in 2002 with 82% of the vote. In 2004, she was reelected to a third term unopposed. In 2006, she was reelected to a fourth term with 87% of the vote. Term limits kept Beatty from seeking another term in 2008.

Tenure
After Chris Redfern left to become chair of the Ohio Democratic Party, Beatty was named minority leader. She served in that capacity during the Ohio 127th General Assembly. She was the first female Democratic House leader in Ohio history.

2012 election and tenure
On March 6, 2012, Beatty defeated former Congresswoman Mary Jo Kilroy, Columbus city councilwoman Priscilla Tyson, and state representative Ted Celeste 38%–35%-15%-12% to win the Ohio 3rd congressional district Democratic primary. She received early support from the Ohio Legislative Black Caucus, Columbus Mayor Michael B. Coleman, and various other Central Ohio political figures, including Representative Tracy Maxwell Heard and former Representative W. Carlton Weddington. Between 2013 and 2020, five of the 88 bills Beatty sponsored became law, all wrapped into broader bills. In 2020, she noted she had "helped to secure" local funding for the revitalization of parts of Dayton and research at Ohio State.

2020 election
Starting in late 2019 and into early 2020, Beatty was campaigning for her fifth term as the representative of Ohio's 3rd congressional district. She faced her first primary challenge since she was elected in 2012, with The Columbus Dispatch writing that the "winner of the Democratic primary almost certainly will go to Washington representing the heavily Democratic district." At the end of 2019, it was reported she had $1.7 million in her campaign account. In February 2020, she was criticized for accepting campaign contributions from financial services PACs while also overseeing the House Financial Services Committee. According to OpenSecrets, at the time, Beatty had raised $5.1 million as a candidate for the U.S. and Ohio Houses, of which $1.5 million was from the finance, insurance and real estate industries. In her defense, she argued she had a "record of grilling bank executives who come before her committee and that much of the money from those PACs came from lower-level employees," and that while Congress needed campaign finance reform, the PAC contributions were "legal under current rules".

In March 2020, The Intercept reported that Beatty and her husband sold one of their Columbus properties in 2013 "to a developer while Otto Beatty sat on the zoning board that approved the sale", leading to accusations of gentrification and "money in politics" by Beatty's political opposition. Beatty called the criticism a "distortion" of her husband's record. Otto Beatty, in an interview with The Dispatch, said his wife had nothing to do with the property's pricing: it had been sold when Otto Beatty was on the Downtown Commission, which "reviewed a request to demolish the existing structures on the property and replace them with a high-rise apartment building". Arguing at the time in favor of demolition and redevelopment, Otto Beatty noted he did not take part in the final vote.

On April 28, 2020, Beatty won the Democratic primary, defeating challenger Morgan Harper, a self-described progressive. Harper, who had been backed by the Sunrise Movement, a group that backed Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, lost with 32% of the vote to Beatty's 68%. Beatty defeated Republican nominee Mark Richardson with 71% of the vote.

Committee assignments

 * Committee on Financial Services (113th Congress – present)
 * Subcommittee on Diversity and Inclusion, Chair
 * Subcommittee on Housing, Community Development and Insurance
 * Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
 * Joint Economic Committee (116th Congress – present)

Caucus memberships

 * Congressional Black Caucus
 * Medicare for All Caucus
 * Congressional Coalition on Adoption

Compensation
On June 21, 2013, the National Journal published an article, "Nearly One in Five Members of Congress Gets Paid Twice", that reported that Beatty's state pension of $253,323 is the highest, and, combined with her congressional salary, was greater than President Obama's total government compensation.

Arrest
On July 15, 2021, Beatty was one of nine protesters the United States Capitol Police arrested for illegally demonstrating in the Hart Senate Office Building. She and approximately 20 other voting rights protesters sought to push the Senate to support the For the People and John Lewis Voting Rights Acts. After multiple warnings from the police, Beatty was arrested for violating a Washington, D.C. law against "crowding, obstructing, or incommoding".

Political positions
As of 2022, Beatty has voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time, according to FiveThirtyEight.

Defense
Beatty voted for a defense bill that included $1.3 billion for fencing at the US-Mexico border.

Environment
Beatty supports "parts of" the Green New Deal.

Abortion
Beatty is pro-choice.

Cannabis
At one point, Beatty opposed legalizing cannabis for recreational use, but in December 2020, she voted for the Marijuana Opportunity, Reinvestment, and Expungement (MORE) Act (HR 3884), which would remove cannabis from the federal Controlled Substances Act, provide a pathway for expungements and resentencing for marijuana convictions, and create a community reinvestment fund to help create an equitable cannabis industry.

Economy
Beatty opposes decreasing corporate taxes to support economic growth.

Health care
Beatty supported Obamacare and opposed its repeal. In 2019, she introduced the End Price Gouging For Insulin Act bill, which would lower insulin prices nationwide. Beatty's father was diabetic, as was her husband. She has supported efforts in Ohio by Hearcel Craig and Beth Liston to regulate insulin prices. In 2019 she supported "some of" the "health-care fixes that focus on smaller changes to Obamacare rather than a complete overhaul of the system." In March 2020, she voted with a majority of U.S. representatives for a $8.3 billion bill to combat COVID-19.

Impeachment
Beatty supported both the first and second impeachments of Donald Trump.

Israel
Beatty voted to provide Israel with support following 2023 Hamas attack on Israel.

title: Joyce Beatty


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Rice.mag

Not encyclopedic and of interest only to students of the college. Better suited to their own website. --Ronaldo Guevara 15:13, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirect to De La Salle University-College of Liberal Arts (which is also up for deletion, which is a bit complicated). Nothing to merge, the relevant info is already duplicated there. Andrewa 22:12, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Redirecting to the university article; the college article is going away. +sj +


text:
Talk:Lyndon LaRouche/Archive 5

The Unanswered Questions
-> Talk:Lyndon LaRouche/Jewish issues

Adam, I'd like to get your response to the recently posted Partial List of false and downright bizarre assertions in the present version, as well as the Significant Omissions from the current version. --Herschelkrustofsky 23:02, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Googling vs. Research
Adam and Andy continually attempt to rig the debate by insisting that any source they prefer, such as the thoroughly disreputable Dennis King, must be accepted as gospel, whereas any source associated with LaRouche is automatically excluded, in their world. They further insist that press coverage of LaRouche must be available on the internet, or else be barred from discussion. Then, press coverage that acknowledges LaRouche's influence, which in the English-speaking world usually consists of outbursts of rage from his opponents (see the Wall Street Journal article on LaRouche's expose of Leo Strauss, or the National Review's article on LaRouche's expose of the disinformation center in the Pentagon, called the Office of Special Plans) -- must also be discounted, in Adam and Andy's world. Foreign press coverage of LaRouche is often not on the web, or unseachable (unless you know how to spell LaRouche's name in Russian, Chinese or Arabic), and is therefore also ruled out. And ironically enough, Google's News Search regularly includes articles from the LaRouche-founded publication Executive Intelligence Review -- but the last place you would seek a truthful characterization of LaRouche's ideas, is from the horse's mouth. Adam and Andy show a marked preference for the opposite end of the horse. --Herschelkrustofsky 01:11, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Herschell, it's not unreasonable to ask for a second source to back something up. Unfortunately there are no second sources to back up any LaRouche claims. The Eurasian Land-Bridge, which you claim is different from the Asian Highway would presumably be one of the biggest megaprojects the world has seen. Why then do none of the governments involved mention it? Why does it not have a website? Why do the engineering firms involved with it make no reference to it? Why is there no mention of it say in the Economist or BBC News or any engineering journals? You claim it is known as the "New Silk Road" yet, according to BBC News, that is the nickname of the Asian Highway. You claim a case involving LaRouche is an important precedent with regards to the Voting Rights Act. If that's the case cite a law journal that discusses the importance. If these major world historical events and projects you associate with LaRouche truly involve him you should be able to find independent sources but you can't. Does that not tell you anything? But please, on the Eurasian Land Bridge. Give us one source not associated with LaRouche. Just one. AndyL
 * It is odd that you ask for confirmation from either the BBC news, which speaks for the British government, or the Economist, which speaks for the City (i.e., the London banking establishment.) If you read my article at Lyndon LaRouche/draft, you may recall this passage:

 * In May of 1996, LaRouche's wife Helga Zepp-LaRouche presented the Eurasian Land-Bridge proposal at a conference sponsored by the Government of the People's Republic of China, in a debate format with British member of the European Commission, Sir Leon Brittan, who opposed it. The proposal was subsequently adopted, and is presently under construction, by the PRC and neighboring nations.

 * Of course, you may ignore the link to Eurasian Land-Bridge, because you deleted the article. I also note that you are now asserting, in your re-write of the Asian Highway article, that the Asian Highway is also known as the Eurasian Land Bridge, which is untrue, and a rather obvious little propagandistic flourish on your part. My point, however, is this: why would you expect honest coverage, by the British establishment, of a project by which they are, shall we say, not amused? You should read the article at Geopolitics, which is a stub; I could expand it, but until we get some arbitration, you will automatically delete anything I write, outside of this talk page.

 * There is no "official website" for the Landbridge, because it is not administered by one private corporation (to the chagrin of the Brits), but rather as a cooperative effort by an assortment of soveriegn nations. Otherwise, there are plenty of articles from Xinhua and other press agencies that cite the role of LaRouche and his wife. However, you can't Google them, which is precisely the point of the post to which you are responding. --Herschelkrustofsky 14:51, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * As an aside, the BBC does not "speak for" the British government. You might care to read up about the Hutton Report, just as an example. Martin 21:01, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Postscript: back in Talk:Lyndon LaRouche/archive3, Andy was insisting that any report from the Washington Post or kindred publication must be regarded as credible, since they have not been successfully sued for libel. If you make this argument, then you must extend that courtesy to all of the LaRouche-affiliated publications as well. They have never been sued for libel, despite the fact that their meager financial resources, and LaRouche's pariah status, would make them especially vulnerable to such suits. --Herschelkrustofsky 15:04, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * The onus is on you to cite these "many" articles, I'm afraid. Oh, and why can't we view them, as we could any other article on Xinhua's website? Ambivalenthysteria 14:57, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Sept 19, 2003 -- A lengthy article on Lyndon LaRouche by Ding Yifan was published in the influential Beijing-based Guangming Daily and the Xinhua News Agency.
 * April 3, 2003 -- Richard Dallyn interviewed Lyndon LaRouche on, ironically enough, BBC's Five Live show on Wednesday, April 2nd. It was aired on the international news show which played from 1 am to 5 am.
 * Jan 3, 2003 -- Dubai, UAE: Al-Bayan published an article by Lyndon LaRouche entitled "The Year To Come" together with an article by Hussein Askary on History as Tragedy in its New Year's political supplement. The online version of Askary's article is accompanied with a photo of a starving African family; the hard copy has the map of the Eurasian Land-Bridge.
 * Aug 15, 2002 -- Skopje, Macedonia: A new political magazine, called Manifest has been launched which carries an interview with Lyndon LaRouche as its cover story. Many of the articles cover LaRouche's strategic and economic analysis, as well as his program for a New Bretton Woods monetary system and the Eurasian Landbridge.
 * June 5, 2002 -- Ankara, Turkey: YARIN, the top political magazine in Turkey, interviewed Lyndon LaRouche in its June issue. The issue is so popular that it was sold out and rushed to a second printing. It was also picked up by the Turkish dailies, and posted on their websites.
 * May 7, 2002 -- Seoul, South Korea: Lyndon LaRouche interviewed by Chang Dae-Hwan in the Maeil Business News. The interview covered his program for the New Silk Road and Korea's role in this as the "Asian Hub" for Pacific transport and trade.
 * Apr 5, 2002 -- MKTV, the main Macedonian TV station ran a one hour interview with Lyndon LaRouche. The theme of the interview was 'A mass movement is gathering around LaRouche to rebuild the world.' The interview is scheduled to be rebroadcast on Apr 8th on MKTV and a second TV station, Citel TV.
 * Dec 28, 2001 -- The India Post, which circulates internationally, covered the LaRouche's recent trip to India. The article was short and very accurate, among other things covering the fact that LaRouche was in India to participate in a seminar: "Growing Global Crisis: The World Needs A New Monetary System."
 * Dec 28, 2001 -- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: The New Straits Times carried a prominent interview with Dr. Kassim Ahmad covering his long history in influencing Malaysian politics and culture. Dr. Ahmad referenced Lyndon LaRouche as one of the writers who has influenced his life and as an example of someone whom he would not judge without first carefully reading his biography and writings.

 * These are just a few highlights. --Herschelkrustofsky 15:39, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * And you've read these articles yourself, have you? Or have you only seen references to them in LaRouche publications?20:19, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Is that you, Andy? Boy, you're insatiable. You ask for "one, just one" citation, I give you nine, and now you want to know whether I've read them all. The answer is yes, I have, when there are English language transcripts available. I have not seen the TV interviews. A complete list, with English transcripts, is available here. --Herschelkrustofsky 22:56, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I have already stated my view on this. It is impossible to accept any statement by LaRouche or from any LaRouche source as true unless it is independently verified, given the proved record for dishonesty of both LaRouche and his followers (including Krusty). I agree that King has his deficiencies as a source, but I have yet to see any charge of dishonesty against him proved. Adam 03:35, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)

For those of you just joining us
On June 20, 2004, User:Adam_Carr took it upon himself to delete the long-standing Wikipedia article on Lyndon LaRouche (which may be viewed here), and substitute a new one. I recognized the material in the new article as being entired drawn from one source, an obscure book by poison-pen-for-hire Dennis King entitled Lyndon LaRouche and the New American Fascism. When I called him on it, Adam admitted that his article was drawn entirely from this source. King's book was sponsored by the neoconservative Smith-Richardson Foundation, and relies on the "straw man" technique of carefully avoiding any discussion of LaRouche's actual policies and ideas, while asserting that LaRouche uses a code language to secretly convey a message of anti-Semitism.

Adam has announced his intention to respond to any efforts to edit his article, by embarking on revert wars. He apparently has a history of this (see Talk:Lyndon_LaRouche/archive4, and refers to this approach as his "robust tactics." The article was protected by Wikipedia administrators on June 21. When the article was unprotected on June 30, Adam reverted my edit (which I invite 3rd parties to inspect, at the relevant history page), without comment. I have written a third, alternative article on LaRouche, which is available at Lyndon LaRouche/draft. --Herschelkrustofsky 15:49, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Meanwhile, in the non-LaRouchie universe, this is what happened:
 * The first version of the article was pure LaRouche propaganda, full of blatant lies and total inventions (such as the Eurasian Land-Bridge, see above), so I rewrote it.
 * I used as my principal source King's book, which is the only LaRouche biography in existence. While it is not an academic biography, and has the deficiencies of a book written to prove a case (that LaRouche is a fascist), it is nevertheless adequate, and gives standard citations for most (though not all) of its attributions. I am not aware that the factual accuracy of King's citations have been challenged by any non-LaRouche writer. If King's book cannot be used to write a LaRouche biographical article, then so such article can be written, because there is no other account from a non-LaRouche source.
 * I also used various online sources (with due caution) and the Washington Post account of LaRouche's trial and conviction.
 * Who funded King to write the book is completely irrelevant. Most academic books are funded by someone.
 * Krusty did not "call me" on using King, and I did not "admit" it (these are standard LaRouche polemical distortions).
 * King does indeed "assert that LaRouche uses a code language to secretly convey a message of anti-Semitism," and I think he is correct, at least when talking about the 1970s, but my article gives due credit to what appears to be LaRouche's recent shift of position on matters Jewish.
 * I did not "announce my intention to respond to any efforts to edit my article by embarking on revert wars." I said I would revert attempts by Krusty to re-insert LaRouche propaganda in the article, as I have done and will continue to do. This was why I reverted Krusty's edit after the page was unprotected.
 * Readers of this controversy need to understand that Krusty is obviously a LaRouche activist of some seniority: he says himself he remembers things LaRouche said in 1978. Given the nature of the LaRouche cult, everything Krusty says and does here must be seen as LaRouche propaganda. It can no more be taken as true than what a neo-Nazi would say at Adolf Hitler or what User:Hanpuk says at Khmer Rouge. Krusty is not interested in writing an encyclopaedia article, he is interested in protecting the LaRouche cult's view of itself and particularly the fantasy biography that LaRouche has spent 30 years creating around himself.
 * It is of course true that I and others editing here are hostile to LaRouche. But there is no equivalence between that hostility to LaRouche and Krusty's support for LaRouche. I and others are trying to write an encyclopaedia article, as objectively as is humanly possible and using the available, admittedly inadequate, sources. Krusty is merely acting as a mouthpiece for the LaRouche cult.
 * Krusty complains that "Adam and Andy continually attempt to rig the debate by insisting that any source they prefer, such as the thoroughly disreputable Dennis King, must be accepted as gospel, whereas any source associated with LaRouche is automatically excluded, in their world." In a sense this is true, for reasons I have already stated. Material from LaRouche sources is always propaganda, and often untrue. Since truth cannot be separated from myth in LaRouche propaganda, it must all be excluded unless it can be verified from independent sources. The anti-LaRouche material is of varying quality, and must be assessed critically in the way any historian is trained to do, but if it is properly referenced it can be used unless shown from an independent (ie, non-LaRouche) source to be false. This may seem unfair on Krusty, but it is the price he pays for choosing to become an acolyte of a proved liar, slanderer and fabulist like LaRouche. Adam 01:05, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)

The "land-bridge"

 * I'm sure I could go to a lot of countries issue a few media releases and convince a few gullible reporters to interview me because I say I'm important but if the megaproject I'm talking about is real there should be some sort of documentation to prove its existence somewhere. AndyL 14:51, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)

":* April 3, 2003 -- Richard Dallyn interviewed Lyndon LaRouche on, ironically enough, BBC's Five Live show on Wednesday, April 2nd. It was aired on the international news show which played from 1 am to 5 am."

Herschell, even the LaRouche account of this interview posted here makes NO MENTION WHATSOEVER of this land-bridge yet you post it here as "evidence" of an independent source for the land bridge. This does not bode well for the rest of your "evidence" or for your credibility. Why did you post it here? Were you just trying to bamboozle us into thinking there was more (or even anything) in the mainstream media about this land bridge than there actually was. I'm very disappointed in you Herschell, it seems you've tried to trick us here. AndyL 14:56, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)

OK, let's see all of these articles come from this site and accompanying pages.

 * Sept 19, 2003 -- A lengthy article on Lyndon LaRouche by Ding Yifan was published in the influential Beijing-based Guangming Daily and the Xinhua News Agency.

The link to this article is incorrect so I can't check LaRouche's version of it.

 * April 3, 2003 -- Richard Dallyn interviewed Lyndon LaRouche on, ironically enough, BBC's Five Live show on Wednesday, April 2nd. It was aired on the international news show which played from 1 am to 5 am.

no mention of the land bridge (see earlier post above)

 * Jan 3, 2003 -- Dubai, UAE: Al-Bayan published an article by Lyndon LaRouche entitled "The Year To Come" together with an article by Hussein Askary on History as Tragedy in its New Year's political supplement. The online version of Askary's article is accompanied with a photo of a starving African family; the hard copy has the map of the Eurasian Land-Bridge.

Summary of article (full article not provided) states "The rest of the article describes the solution to this situation through the ideas of LaRouche and his dual war-avoidance strategy of the New Bretton Woods system and the Eurasian Land-Bridge." Again, the only evidence of the land bridge is LaRouche's say-so. No independent verfication.

 * Aug 15, 2002 -- Skopje, Macedonia: A new political magazine, called Manifest has been launched which carries an interview with Lyndon LaRouche as its cover story. Many of the articles cover LaRouche's strategic and economic analysis, as well as his program for a New Bretton Woods monetary system and the Eurasian Landbridge.

fleeting mention as follows as part of a question asked to LaRouche "if the "LaRouche recipe" -- the New Bretton Woods and the Land Bridge projects -- were to become US policy and were endorsed by a coalition of countries in the world, how fast and how directly could this change the [Macedonian] situation for the positive. Can you explain how this mechanism would work?" LaRouche's reply doesn't mention the land bridge. I don't see why the mention of a land bridge proposal in an interviewer's question can be seen as evidence of anything.

 * June 5, 2002 -- Ankara, Turkey: YARIN, the top political magazine in Turkey, interviewed Lyndon LaRouche in its June issue. The issue is so popular that it was sold out and rushed to a second printing. It was also picked up by the Turkish dailies, and posted on their websites.

No mention of the land bridge

 * May 7, 2002 -- Seoul, South Korea: Lyndon LaRouche interviewed by Chang Dae-Hwan in the Maeil Business News. The interview covered his program for the New Silk Road and Korea's role in this as the "Asian Hub" for Pacific transport and trade.

No link provided

 * Apr 5, 2002 -- MKTV, the main Macedonian TV station ran a one hour interview with Lyndon LaRouche. The theme of the interview was 'A mass movement is gathering around LaRouche to rebuild the world.' The interview is scheduled to be rebroadcast on Apr 8th on MKTV and a second TV station, Citel TV.

No link provided

 * Dec 28, 2001 -- The India Post, which circulates internationally, covered the LaRouche's recent trip to India. The article was short and very accurate, among other things covering the fact that LaRouche was in India to participate in a seminar: "Growing Global Crisis: The World Needs A New Monetary System."

link is to transcript of speech rather than article - only "evidence" of Land Bridge is LaRouche referring to it

 * Dec 28, 2001 -- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: The New Straits Times carried a prominent interview with Dr. Kassim Ahmad covering his long history in influencing Malaysian politics and culture. Dr. Ahmad referenced Lyndon LaRouche as one of the writers who has influenced his life and as an example of someone whom he would not judge without first carefully reading his biography and writings.

No link provided

Great Herschell, it looked kind of impressive at first but further investigation shows you've provided us with bupkiss, nada, nothing.

Most of your sources make no mention of the landbridge, the ones who do do so provide no evidence other than LaRouche's say so. Again, can you give us some independent articles from say one of the governments involved or an engineering journal or something which talks about the land bridge as an actual thing and not a mere claim by LaRouche? Are there no engineering surveys of the project? No detailed studies? No references by government departments? AndyL 15:11, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Conspicuously missing . ..
Under the heading 'economic views, towards the end, it is interesting that corporatist economic connection was made regarding Franco and Salazar, but not Hitler and Mussolini. Why?!?! Mussolini pioneered this. And don't get me started about the Italian fascist MSI and LaRouche's MSI!

More about LaRouche's ideas There was a time that much of what was on this page had been written by myself and one other, prior to the first add ins by Krusty that Andy later threw out. Overall, the article that exists is pretty good. His declared Platonism as opposed to Strauss's Platonism is missing though. Krusty will probably agree that these things should be in here. However, the reason I think they should be in there is because I trust the readers to read through all this and see LaRouche for what he is: an ineffective small time swindler ala the music man. Krusty would not agree. However, Krusty is obviously a LaRouchie - he even tries to write in a style identical to the Steinbergs - a couple analogous historically to Ayn Rand's loyal favorite couple in her own ineffective small time cult-racket. Are things I'm saying right now POV? Damn straight - this is the chat area. Here we can speak truth the way we see it. . . Most notable was Krusty's complete and total ignorance of the Socialist Worker's Party, LaRouche's role in it, LaRouche being a Marxist for many years, and this ignorance is something I see across the whole terrain of LaRouchie's I've met, particularly here in the Los Angeles area where they attempt to recruit the unwitting at LACC and other locations.. The problem is that the LaRouche group IS a cult using any meaningfull or helpful definition of the word. His supporters ARE brainwashed, really anything they say is going to have many problems as it is regurgitated crap from their Duce. Students who are in college ARE TOLD to drop out of college AT college BY LaRouche people AT college. They are TOLD that friends outside the group should be kept at arms length if not forgotten completely. This must be included in the article. It is crucial! Let the readers decide for themselves if LaRouche is a demogic cultist neo-platonic 'new-school' fascist - once they are provided with all the facts. The LaRouchies will admit this if you ask them, though they will have their obvious rationalizations of it - but a fact's a fact - they will admit it. In my opinion, you have let Krusty control way too much of this content. LaRouchies almost invariably had no real history of political activism or education prior to becoming a LaRouchie. This is how the Potemkin Village they live in is effected. LaRouchies will blatantly lie or omit information that is suitable to their needs in one context, in one conversation, and in the very next conversation days or moments later, contradict it all. I know they have been trained in conversational and debate methods - methods which have no place in an honest discourse - methods which are aimed at bending reality around the argument - if you can call it an argument at all. One look at a LaRouche pamphlet reveals an endless stream of disconnected, disjointed, factually inaccurate mumbo-jumbo which preys upon the socially inept or psychologically prone (to join a cult, often the young) people. His anal-fecal fixation and fixation on 'filth' 'decadence' 'satanism' and 'zionist-masonic orders' and other conspiratorial cabals should send the alert bells ringing to any politically seasoned citizen. The very structure of the grammar - intentionally meant to be headache-y, the repeated use of esoteric terms at different times in different contexts, is meant to effect a series of mental images in the mind of the reader which render them most confused but yet forced to gape in awe and wonder at the word-smithing. Feeling that they don't understand what it is they are reading, they are compelled to ask the person who gave them the pamphlet what this or that means. This person has just allowed themselves to be schooled and the LaRouchie has the upper hand. Only the LaRouchie can properly understand what LaRouche is saying, so nothing you say about him can make any sense or be accurate unless you are yourself a LaRouchie. To those looking for a strong-man or leader, to those who are unconciously believers of the fuhrer principle, (that great men make history, often reinforced in our own hierarchical societie's culture),LaRouche can be appealing. LaRouche's self-proclaimations that he and he alone is the sole inheritor, walking in the image of christ on earth, solely capable of bettering the situation of life on earth and saving us all from a satanic cabal of corruption and homosexual drug induced filth - ths appeals only to a certain personality type, the very repressed, and for them his rantings will seem believable. While the field is somewhat limited, when you find the people who fit the mold, you must aggressively pursue them until they join. Similar debates rage at the Adolf Hitler page. Should the Hitlerians be able to keep off wikipedia pertinent information about Adolf Hitler or the war effort since 'making people sound bad' seems to have the effect of seeming 'POV'. Capone 7-9-04

 * Chaim, you did link the article to your goofy shit in the PCC paper. And how's your Dad?

Updated list of wild fabrications and propagandistic slurs in the present version
-> Talk:Lyndon LaRouche/The Herschelkrustofsky List

Each one of these inventions or propagandistic insinuations constitutes a violation of Wikipedia policy; (see What_Wikipedia_is_not). --Herschelkrustofsky 21:01, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

It's not just the propaganda -- even the parts that attempt to be non-propagandistic are sloppy and amateurish, as if the writer(s) had done no research whatsoever. This ought to be re-written from scratch. -- Peter_Abelard@ausi.com

I see that Krusty the Clown is still vandalizing the article. Should I protect the page? 172 03:47, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I don't think the situation here currently warrants protection. Krusty's edits can be dealt with as they occur. Adam 04:06, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Okay. When necessary, I can be called on to protect the page whenever I'm online, as I haven't been an editor of the article. 172 04:12, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Regardless of the outcome of arbitration proceedings, how about dealing with some of the disputed points in Krusty's latest list (the NPOV ones, anyway)? Ambivalenthysteria 04:25, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Propaganda
My copy of Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary defines propaganda as "the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person." The deliberations on the Talk:Lyndon LaRouche pages, in conjunction with Adam's admission on the Arbitration Evidence Page ("It is of course true that I and others editing here are hostile to LaRouche."), leave little doubt that what we have here is a lynch mob of sorts, editing at cross-purposes with Wikipedia policy as stated. --Herschelkrustofsky 15:04, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

corparatism?
Actually, as described in the article, LaRouche's economic policies don't strike me as corporatist per se (ie there's no reference in the description of LaRouche's economic ideas to creating administrative economic bodies that are drawn from management and labour). Either the section should be developed to explain how LaRouche's policies are corporatist or the reference to corporatism should be dropped. AndyL 04:34, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * LaRouche is an outspoken opponent of corporatism. It continues to amaze me that you guys can pontificate about his ideas, while remaining entirely unfamiliar with them. --Herschelkrustofsky 05:03, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I agree that the term is not perfect, but it seemed to be the best fit for the combination of authoritarian leadership and state direction of the economy that LaRouche seems to be advocating. He does not as far as I know advocate state ownership, so he can't be called a socialist, and although some of his political ideas can be called fascist, "fascist" does not really describe an economic system. "Mercantilist" has some applicability, given the 18th century roots of the so-called American System stuff, but applies more to trade than to the management of the domestic economy. (All this presupposes that LaRouche does in fact hold coherent economic ideas, which I doubt. I think he just uses bits of economic jargon to dress up his conspiracy theories, which are what really drive him). Feel free to suggest alternative wordings. Adam 04:41, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

The American System stuff seems to allude to Henry Clay (19th century). At any rate, Adam hit the nail on the head; a conversation based on an assumption that LaRouche is a serious economic thinker is a bit silly. "Mercantilism," "socialism," "New Deal liberalism," "corporatism," or any single economic school of thought don't fit perfectly. So just referring to his support for "state direction of the economy" is fine. 172 04:56, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I've found websites that describe LaRouchian economics as corporatist - I don't think economists would necessarily describe them as such though - so I've changed the passage accordingly. I don't think we should say economists would describe his policies as corporatist unless either a) we can find any economists who say this (doubtful as I suspect no serious economists have conducted a review of LaRouche) or b) if we find elements in his economic writings that more clearly approximate corporatism to the degree that we could reasonably claim an economist might see them as such.AndyL 10:42, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * If you are hell-bent on defaming someone, the internet is a powerful tool. For example, you can quickly download proof that [ http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=14683 former U.S. President Bill Clinton is a rapist], that his presidential campaign was backed by space aliens, and that he may have had sex with space aliens. --Herschelkrustofsky 19:57, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

FWIW, I was taught that state direction of the economy was a command economy. Don't know whether this is accurate, or whether it applies to Lyndon. Martin 17:10, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Statism perhaps?AndyL 17:37, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

LaRouche at the DNC
You've got to listen to this conversation between a LaRouchite and a Democratic delegate in Boston last week. It's from the LaRouche website but it's absolutely hilarious and is a pretty good example of how an ordinary person reacts when confronted with LaRouche propaganda. AndyL 19:58, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I also found this very enjoyable, but just to clarify, the young, witty black guy in the dreadlocks is the LaRouche activist, and the constipated white Baby Boomer is the guy that Andy characterizes as an "ordinary person." --Herschelkrustofsky 21:02, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I didn't find the LaRouchite witty at all. The white dude was giving him way more credit than he deserved, and it is funny because he really calls him on the fact that he has no policy--that he refuses to answer any questions about issues, has literature full of nonsense, and only responds by inviting him to the a study group. The fact that the LaRouchies actually posted this video shows how out of touch they are, and the fact that they were surreptitiously videotaping the conversation shows how weird and creepy they are. --Aug 1 21:08:35 UTC 2004

title: Talk:Lyndon LaRouche/Archive 5


text:
Men of Harlech

"Men of Harlech" or "The March of the Men of Harlech" (Welsh: Rhyfelgyrch Gwŷr Harlech) is a song and military march which is traditionally said to describe events during the seven-year siege of Harlech Castle between 1461 and 1468, when the castle was held by the Lancastrians against the Yorkists as part of the Wars of the Roses. Commanded by Constable Dafydd ap Ieuan, son of the Baron of Hendwr, the garrison withstood the longest known siege in the history of the British Isles. ("Through Seven Years" is an alternative name for the song.) The song has also been associated with the earlier, briefer siege of Harlech Castle about 1408, which pitted the forces of Owain Glyndŵr against the future Henry V of England.

"Men of Harlech" is important for Welsh national culture. The song gained international recognition when it was featured in the 1941 movie How Green Was My Valley and the 1964 film Zulu.

History

The music was first published without words during 1794 as "Gorhoffedd Gwŷr Harlech—March of the Men of Harlech" in the second edition of The Musical and Poetical Relicks of the Welsh Bards, but it is said to be a much earlier folk song. The earliest version of the tune to appear with lyrics, found thus far, comes from a broadside printed c. 1830. Since then, many different versions of the English lyrics have been published. It was published first with Welsh lyrics in  Y Canigydd, edited by the Welsh poet, John Owen (Owain Alaw), published in Wrexham, Wales, during 1860. A second edition titled in English Gems of Welsh Melody, containing Welsh and English lyrics was published in Ruthin, Wales, during 1862. The song was published in Volume II of the 1862 collection Welsh Melodies with the Welsh lyrics by the Welsh poet John Jones (Talhaiarn) and the English lyrics by Thomas Oliphant, President of the Madrigal Society. Another source attributes the Welsh words to the poet John Ceiriog Hughes, saying that they were first published during 1890, and that English words were first published during 1893, but this is clearly predated by the earlier publications; and in the case of Ceiriog's Welsh-language lyrics for the tune, they are to be found many years earlier, in Brinley Richards (ed.), The Songs of Wales (1873).

Use and versions of the song
"Men of Harlech" is widely used as a regimental march, especially by British Army and Commonwealth regiments historically associated with Wales. Notably, it is the slow march of the Welsh Guards, the quick march of the Royal Welsh, and the march of the Royal Canadian Hussars (Montreal), The Governor General's Horse Guards, and The Ontario Regiment, for which it is the slow march.

It was first used for cinema during the titles of How Green Was My Valley (1941) and has featured in a number of other films. It is best known for its prominent role in the 1964 film Zulu, although the version of lyrics sung in it was written specially for the film. It is sung twice (once completely) in the film (the British open fire on the charging Zulus before the start of the final couplet), in counterpoint to the Zulu war chants and the pounding of their shields. Film editor John Jympson cut the scene to the song so that on either side of cuts where the British soldiers cannot be heard, the song is in the correct relative position. The song is also heard in the film Zulu Dawn, which is about the Battle of Isandlwana.

Rick Rescorla, Chief of Security for Morgan Stanley's World Trade Center office, sang a Cornish adaptation of "Men of Harlech" with a bullhorn, along with other anthems, to keep employee spirits high while they evacuated during the September 11 attacks. After helping save more than 2,700 employees he returned to the towers to evacuate others until the towers collapsed on him.

"Men of Harlech" was used as part of the startup music for ITV television station Teledu Cymru during the early 1960s and, until April 2006, in Fritz Spiegl's "BBC Radio 4 UK Theme".

From 1996 to 1999, HTV Wales used part of the song for Wales Tonight.

Adapted versions are sung by fans of several Welsh football clubs and as school or college songs around the world. There is a humorous parody known variously as "National Anthem of the Ancient Britons" and "Woad", written some time before 1914 by William Hope-Jones.

Bryn Terfel recorded "Men of Harlech" for his 2000 album We'll Keep a Welcome.

Lyrics
There are many versions of "Men of Harlech", and there is no single accepted English version. The version below was published in 1873.

John Oxenford version (published 1873)
An earlier version is thus:-

Zulu version by John Barry Prendergast (1964)
=== Regimental Band lyrics by John Guard ===

Verse 1 Tongues of fire on Idris flaring, News of foemen near declaring, To heroic deeds of daring, Call you, Harlech men.

Groans of wounded peasants dying, Wails of wives and children flying, For the distant succour crying, Call you, Harlech Men.

Shall the voice of wailing, Now be unavailing, You to rouse, who never yet In battle's hour were failing?

This our answer, crowds down pouring, Swift as winter torrents roaring. Not in vain the voice imploring Calls on Harlech men.

Verse 2 Loud the martial pipes are sounding, Every manly heart is bounding, As our trusted chief surrounding, March we, Harlech men.

Short the sleep the foe is taking; Ere the morrow's morn is breaking, They shall have a rude awakening, Roused by Harlech Men.

Mothers, cease your weeping, Calm may be your sleeping, You and yours in safety now, The Harlech men are keeping.

Ere the sun is high in heaven, They you fear, by panic riven, Shall, like frightened sheep, be driven, Far, by Harlech men.

Welsh lyrics (by J. Ceiriog Hughes)
Wele goelcerth wen yn fflamio A thafodau tân yn bloeddio Ar i'r dewrion ddod i daro Unwaith eto'n un Gan fanllefau tywysogion Llais gelynion, trwst arfogion A charlamiad y marchogion Craig ar graig a gryn.

Arfon byth ni orfydd Cenir yn dragywydd Cymru fydd fel Cymru fu Yn glodus ym mysg gwledydd. Yng ngwyn oleuni'r goelcerth acw Tros wefusau Cymro'n marw Annibyniaeth sydd yn galw Am ei dewraf ddyn.

Ni chaiff gelyn ladd ac ymlid Harlech! Harlech! cwyd i'w herlid Y mae Rhoddwr mawr ein Rhyddid Yn rhoi nerth i ni. Wele Gymru a'i byddinoedd Yn ymdywallt o'r mynyddoedd! Rhuthrant fel rhaeadrau dyfroedd Llamant fel y lli!

Llwyddiant i'n marchogion Rwystro gledd yr estron! Gwybod yn ei galon gaiff Fel bratha cleddyf Brython Y cledd yn erbyn cledd a chwery Dur yn erbyn dur a dery Wele faner Gwalia'i fyny Rhyddid aiff â hi!

General sources

 * "Men of Harlech" at the Volkslieder, German & Other Folk Songs Homepage

title: Men of Harlech


text:
Browns Valley

Browns Valley can refer to several locations in the United States:

 * Browns Valley, California
 * Browns Valley, Indiana
 * Browns Valley, Minnesota
 * Browns Valley divide
 * Browns Valley Township, Big Stone County, Minnesota

title: Browns Valley


text:
Edna Brown

Edna Brown (April 7, 1940 – January 1, 2022) was an American politician, member of the Democratic Party and Minority Whip of the Ohio Senate, serving the 11th District from 2011 to 2018. She also served in the Ohio House of Representatives from 2001 to 2010.

Career
Edna R. Brown had a 32-year career as an employee with the city of Toledo, followed by a six-year tenure on Toledo City Council.

When incumbent Jack Ford resigned from the House to become Mayor of Toledo, Ohio, Brown was appointed to serve the remainder of his term. She was elected to a full term in 2002, defeating Republican Cathleen Voyles-Baden by 13,000 votes. Brown went on to win reelection in 2004, 2006, and 2008.

In 2004, Brown, C.J. Prentiss and Shirley Smith were chosen to serve on the executive committee of the National Black Caucus of State Legislators during the organization's conference in Philadelphia. For the 127th General Assembly Brown served as second vice president of the Ohio Legislative Black Caucus, and first vice president for the 128th General Assembly.

In 2009, Speaker of the House Armond Budish named Brown as Chairman of the Human Services Subcommittee of the House Finance Committee.

Ohio Senate
In 2009, Brown stated that she would be a candidate for the Ohio Senate in 2010, to replace the term limited Teresa Fedor. She was expected to face Peter Ujvagi in the primary election, but he was hired as Lucas County Administrator.

The appointment of Ujvagi set up what many thought was going to be a legislative shuffle, where Fedor was appointed to Ujvagi's seat, and Brown then appointed to Fedor's seat. However, Toledo City Councilman Joe McNamara also sought the appointment to the Senate. As a result, Fedor kept her seat, Brown hers, and Joe Walter was appointed to a nine-month term in Ujvagi's seat.

McNamara's entrance into the campaign reinvigorated a primary battle. Brown defeated McNamara by about 2,300 votes. She defeated Republican Tom Waniewski by 18,000 votes in the general election.

Brown was sworn into office on January 3, 2011, and was the first African-American to represent the city of Toledo in the state Senate. For the 129th General Assembly, Senate colleagues elected Brown as Senate minority whip. She was a member of the Senate Rules Committee; Agriculture, Environment and Natural Resources Committee; Financial Institutions Committee; Health, Human Services and Aging Committee (as ranking member); Insurance, Commerce and Labor; and State and Local Government and Veterans Affairs. She also served on the Ohio Children’s Trust Fund Board, the Correctional Institution Inspection Committee and the Ohio Commission on Minority Health.

Death
Brown died in Ohio on January 1, 2022, at the age of 81.

title: Edna Brown