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Talk:List of NC-17 rated films

Jason's Lyric
I don't see anywhere that it was NC-17, except for some trivia on IMDB.com alleging it was. 97.104.210.47 (talk) 04:20, 22 May 2016 (UTC)

Genre
Please add a Genre Column. The list of movies should have genre column. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 49.248.152.208 (talk) 09:14, 3 March 2013 (UTC)

Untitled
Would be interesting to mention on this page what is usually the impetus for re-rating a film. I assume it's always because the distributor wants to re-release a movie and perhaps get a wider audience, and never because the MPAA voluntarily decides to go back and review past decisions. Tempshill 23:59, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Breillat's Romance
I'm wondering if Catherine Breillat's Romance was ever given an NC-17 rating. The article on it says that an edited version was given an R rating, but doesn't say if the original cut was submitted to the MPAA. Robert Happelberg 20:42, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * The MPAA's ratings database, filmratings.com, only lists an R-rated version, so the original cut was probably never submitted. (Also, I fixed the link to the movie in your comment; hope you don't mind.) —tregoweth 23:16, Oct 24, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Robert Happelberg 21:54, 26 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * Actally, it was originally rated NC-17. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.163.32.135 (talk) 17:22, 20 August 2008 (UTC)

Pulp Fiction?
As far as I know, this movie was never rated NC-17. The only source I could find supporting the claim was IMDb, which will print almost anything its readers send in and is very unreliable. --PenguinJockey 04:11, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Update: looks like I was wrong. The original NC-17 for Pulp Fiction is quite well documented -- I'll add it back and source it. PenguinJockey (talk) 17:10, 8 December 2008 (UTC)
 * I saw one of your citations and I found it to be a very poor one. The main reason for being that it wasn't edited because it got an NC-17.  Here's a quote from your citation, "Berger says that Tarantino shoots extra gore for the same reason.'On Pulp Fiction, we went through all the effects in advance,' says Greg Nico tero. 'Quentin told us, Just so you guys know, nothing personal, but probably nothing you build for me is really going to be in the movie.'".  So I guess I should edit the page.Zakonwiki (talk) 21:38, 10 August 2011 (UTC)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Zakonwiki (talk • contribs) 21:32, 10 August 2011 (UTC)

Unrated Films (UR)
Is there a page of unrated films on wikipedia???

Should it be stated that it is quite ironic that this film is not yet rated got an NC-17 rating? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 62.45.241.151 (talk) 20:59, 13 September 2008 (UTC)

Questions
1. Some of the films here (Eyes White Shut Perfect Blue) are not listed as being originally NC-17 or X in the main source. Should they be taken out?

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120663/parentalguide?ref_=tt_stry_pg Actually it is listed on here as being NC-17 97.104.210.47 (talk) 04:24, 22 May 2016 (UTC)

2. Should Color of Night be on the list? The article o it says it was originally rated NC-17.

Bobisbob 04:49, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

Cleanup
This page is full of redundant wikilinks. If an article is linked to once, it does not need to be linked again. I will work on this some other time, unless someone else wants to fix it. Mynameisnotpj (talk) 03:24, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I cleaned up until G. I noticed that a lot of the sentences were missing periods, so if I noticed it, I put them in, but I probably missed a lot.  There are also several occurrences of years over and over again, but it is harder for me to remember which ones are there already and not.  After I finish with this first sweep, I will come back and start over looking for those two things.
 * Well, that was a pain in the butt. I have gone through and gotten rid of most of the redundant wikilinks.  What I need to do now is get rid of redundant years, wikilink a few movie titles and make sure that there are periods at the end of all of the titles.  I will also be adding a tag for citations, as many movies are missing them. Mynameisnotpj (talk) 03:26, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
 * All of the movies have wikilinks now. I will have to go through and make sure that they all link to the right article.  Then I have to get rid of redundant dates and add periods to a few sentences. Mynameisnotpj (talk) 17:05, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

Clerks
Clerks does not fit into the description of films listed on this page. It was originally rated NC-17 but changed to R but the film was not recut. 172.131.248.55 (talk) 06:18, 23 June 2008 (UTC)
 * This list is for films that were, at point or another, rated as NC-17, and may have been either appealed to R, edited down to an R, or released as NC-17. Clerks fits that criteria. Socby19 (talk) 18:59, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

The Groove Tube
Hello, i've read that The Groove Tube was originally rated X, does anyone know if this is true? —Preceding unsigned comment added by BenderRobot (talk • contribs) 13:52, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It's true. Not applicable to this article, though. PenguinJockey (talk) 17:11, 8 December 2008 (UTC)

Rating Surrendered
Now what does "rating surrendered" actually mean? And for what reason do NC-17 labeled movies often surrender that rating? 67.41.88.144 (talk) 19:55, 23 August 2010 (UTC) Temple University Class
 * "Rating surrendered" means that the film was originally rated NC-17 rating (or in rare cases R) but the film makers didn't wish to release the film with that rating so they chose to "surrender" the rating and release it as unrated instead. When you get a film rated by the MPAA, you are not required to release the film with said rating but may instead choose to release it unrated. The main reason films originally rated NC-17 movies would see their rating surrendered is that NC-17 has always had a stigma attached to it and certain theaters and newspapers will not show or advertise such films. NC-17 also means minors cannot view such films unlike with unrated films though individual movie theaters may decide to bar minors anyways. --67.103.38.4 (talk) 09:49, 7 September 2013 (UTC)

Two Girls One Cup?
Someone added a section for Two Girls One Cup, that online video. Was it even rated by the MPAA? Because I extremely doubt it was, and someone just added it. ALonelyWeeaboo (talk) 16:11, 31 October 2012 (UTC)

Divide by whether or not it was released as NC-17?
I think most people looking for a list like this are more interested in just the theatrical releases with an NC-17 as opposed to everything given the rating at some point. Most of the entries on this list were edited or contested to an R rating. Anyone else think we should split this article into two lists? Arcadina (talk) 01:47, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I agree that the list should be devided into two. We should have one list for films that where released as NC-17, either in theaters or on DVD/VHS/Laserdisc/Etc.. The second list should list films that where either the film was edited for an R rating (or lower), were once rated NC-17 but later rated R on appealed, or for which the rating was surrendered and the film released unrated. We don't have to have two separate article necessarily as we can have both lists on the same page so long as we properly describe each list on the page. --67.103.38.4 (talk) 11:08, 7 September 2013 (UTC)

Midnight Cowboy
Should Midnight Cowboy be on the list?

It was rated X in 1969, but re-rated R a couple years later.

Even though it never officially carried NC-17, it is significant for being the only X-rated Oscar winner, and X is the precursor to NC-17. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.221.183.199 (talk) 03:09, 8 January 2014 (UTC)

The Raid 2 and 300 rise of an empire?
I think The Raid 2 should be on here because Gareth has stated that it was rated NC-17 and that he had to remove some frames of graphic violence. Is that true? Also 300 rise of an empire should be here because originally was to be rated NC-17 and there is no evidence of editing to secure an R rating. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.144.195.237 (talk) 23:38, 14 July 2014 (UTC)

31
This one should be added to the list as originally rated NC-17, but edited to receive an R-rating

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31_(film)#Rating

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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131231001433/http://filmratings.com/search.html?filmYear=2007&filmRating=NC-17&x=-907&y=-67 to http://filmratings.com/search.html?filmYear=2007&filmRating=NC-17&x=-907&y=-67
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Boogie Nights
Shouldn't this be on here? Paul Thomas Anderson's original cut was rated NC-17 (I believe), and had to be submitted at least 40 times before the MPAA finally gave it an R rating. Cinefan Cinefan (talk) 13:05, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

Difference between surrendered and kept
I try to understand but what exactly is the difference between a surrendered and kept nc-17 rating? 4Corry11 (talk) 06:22, 3 August 2021 (UTC)
 * Think of the rating like a literal certificate. "Kept" means they kept the rating certificate, and used the rating. "Surrendered" means that they "returned" the certificate, and the film was officially not rated. Trivialist (talk) 10:29, 3 August 2021 (UTC)

I know I should've replied with this sooner but I'm still not sure yet. If the film was returned and not rated then why does it have the NC-17 rating? --4Corry11 (talk) 06:48, 7 December 2021 (UTC)
 * If the rating is surrendered, it doesn't have an NC-17 rating anymore. Being on this list means that it received an NC-17 rating *at some point*. Trivialist (talk) 11:03, 7 December 2021 (UTC)

Thank you also what is the difference between edited for re-rating and re-rated R on appeal? 4Corry11 (talk) 02:43, 8 December 2021 (UTC)
 * "Edited for re-rating" means that, in an attempt to get a different rating, something was removed or changed, and the film was resubmitted for a rating. "Re-rated R on appeal" means that the film probably received an NC-17, and the producers appealed the decision, in an attempt to get a different rating. Trivialist (talk) 11:10, 8 December 2021 (UTC)

Massive cleanup
I performed a massive cleanup of unsourced or incorrectly sourced entries (see WP:IMDB for why we don't accept them as a source). Feel free to re-add any I removed that can be sourced. But given how out of control this list is, I elected to be liberal in removing entries. I'd also like to point out the title of this article is List of NC-17 rated films, not List of NC-17 rated films that were re-rated to get an R, and that perhaps such a list is a fool's errand as the list would never be complete as it's unlikely every instance of an NC-17 is likely to be admitted in an interview by producers/staff. I think keeping it as just a list of films actually rated NC-17 is far more desirable and resists the temptation for people to add any random film someone told them was originally an NC-17 title... —Locke Cole • t • c 04:21, 1 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Trimmed more per WP:IMDB. —Locke Cole • t • c 05:38, 1 September 2022 (UTC)
 * So with some getting re-added, I see one source used was this one, which while it does say it was, it's not obvious that the appeal means they got an NC-17 and went back for the R, or if they got a PG-13 and maybe added something to get to what they wanted. Any thoughts on that? And I'm still leaning towards the idea that it's just a bad idea in general to have movies that weren't ultimately rated NC-17 listed at all (as mentioned directly above). —Locke Cole • t • c 22:04, 30 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Any thoughts about my idea above about limiting this list to films that received a final NC-17 rating? Also, there's an anonymous editor adding tons of entries of "re-rated" movies, and as mentioned in my comment above, the filmratings.com source doesn't appear to indicate what the original rating was, it seems we're just assuming it was an NC-17 going to an R (though I'll admit it seems less likely someone would try for an R from a PG-13; the problem is the source doesn't say it and we're making inferences). Obviously if it's decided to limit this to just NC-17 final rated films, that solves for the "re-rate" matter entirely. —Locke Cole • t • c 18:11, 1 October 2022 (UTC)

I think it should be limited to movies that received a final NC-17 rating. For one thing, it's easier to verify. Also, if a version was rated NC-17 but was never released with that rating, does it even matter? Trivialist (talk) 18:15, 1 October 2022 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I'm not familiar with any articles actually that document things that didn't happen, come to think of it. I feel like, if something were notable enough to get documented in a magazine/book about how a movie was initially rated NC-17 and then the producers had to re-edit/shoot and appeal that's something that is more relevant in the production section of the article itself (assuming sources are reliable). I'll give this a day or two to see if anyone else chimes in, but otherwise I'll just make the change. —Locke Cole • t • c 19:49, 1 October 2022 (UTC)

 * I support your proposal, Locke. The amount movies that were re-rated, or surrendered the rating, is far too many and made up the bulk of the list. List wasn't really helpful in that state. TarkusAB talk / contrib 21:24, 1 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I made the change here. Obviously if opinions change it can always be reverted. I tentatively left the sources commented out for most of the entries as well, but if this stays for a few weeks it will probably be safe to remove those as well. —Locke Cole • t • c 21:42, 2 October 2022 (UTC)
 * My computer went out unexpectedly and that’s the primary although hardly an only reason I did not answer. Until I get a new computer I have to execute tasks under the Cedar Rapids libraries and Iowa City libraries. But when I get myself a new computer I’ll resume my usual tasks here on Wikipedia or WMF.  Angela Kate Maureen   Pears  19:19, 12 October 2022 (UTC)
 * While I do think the list should be limited to "final" NC17 ratings, it should however still include X-rated films from before the rating changed its name from X to NC17. For example, The Midnight Cowboy. The Mysterious El Willstro (talk) 03:18, 18 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I was actually contemplating a separate article for X-rated films, one of the reasons I worked on File:MPAA X RATING.svg and File:MPAA X RATING (block).svg. The nice thing about that is the list should be final with no major changes as the rating has been retired. —Locke Cole • t • c 04:04, 18 October 2022 (UTC)

Filmratings links
I think I figured it out maybe. This link is used in our sources but fails. However, if you add "www." to the URL (this link) it now seems to work as expected. Let me know if you see the first failing/second working. It seems to be an issue with the non-www site redirecting to the www site and losing the query string in the jump.. —Locke Cole • t • c 20:13, 13 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I've also reached out to the MPA and actually got through to someone; in addition to asking if they can "fix" their site to maintain the query string during redirects from the non-www to the www site, I've asked if they might consider adding a search option for searching by certificate #. That, if implemented, should make it possible to direct link to a specific movie for our purposes. —Locke Cole • t • c 20:49, 13 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Indeed, the first link failed, and the second worked. Thank you for looking into this. I agree it would be great if CARA implemented a search by certificate # or something similar, so we can bring up one film at a time. TarkusAB talk / contrib 02:29, 14 October 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of NC-17 rated films


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Talk:List of Chrysler platforms

Untitled
Note: In progress --Sfoskett 04:50, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Why have P-body and G-body been named AP and AG, following Chrysler's naming structure introduced in 1989 when all platforms added a character (A), yet AA, AC and AY are named A, C and Y? --93JC 22:55, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

Furthermore, why are XJ, YJ and ZJ mentioned? They were designed by AMC. -- 93JC 23:17, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

 * True, but they spent most of their production time (in the ZJ's case, all of its time) under Chrysler. --ApolloBoy 03:12, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, but it's like calling the SJ a Chrysler or AMC platform (it was designed by Kaiser-Jeep). It's just... wrong! You know what I mean? I suppose ZJ is sort of "Chrysler". They tinkered with the original AMC design (redesigned the engine bay for example to accept LA V8), but YJ, XJ? Chrysler didn't have a thing to do with them, other than serve as manufacturer in their later lives.
 * I think the perfect analogue to this situation is what is happening over at the List of Chrysler engines page, where a huge number of the engines listed are in no way, shape or form Chrysler engines (Mitsubishi, AMC, Willys, Kaiser, Renault, Peugeot and Volkswagen, if I remember correctly). --93JC 03:34, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Well technically speaking, the XJ, YJ, ZJ are Chrysler platforms since AMC is now a part of Chrysler, so that would make those Chrysler platforms. --ApolloBoy 02:32, 28 December 2005 (UTC)

 * By extension that means every AMC, Rambler, Nash, Hudson, Kaiser, Kaiser-Frazer, Willys, Overland, etc. platform is a "Chrysler" platform. Better get cracking, ApolloBoy.
 * By your same line of thinking none of these are Chrysler platforms at all: they're DaimlerChrysler AG platforms. Guess we better rename the article and include every Mercedes-Benz, Maybach, smart, Setra, Mitubishi Fuso, Freightliner, Thomas Built, American LaFrance, Sterling and Western Star product in the list too. Now you've really made a lot of work for yourself.
 * Technically speaking, which is to say, mechanically, the XJ and YJ are AMC through–and–through. Legally speaking they are the property of DaimlerChrysler AG because AMC's property was Chrysler Corporation's, and is now DaimlerChrysler's. Do you want to make the distinction from a technical or legal standpoint? If technical, I'll go ahead and remove XJ, YJ and MJ from this list. If legal, I'll rename the article "List of DaimlerChrysler platforms" and leave you to scrounge up the platforms from the dozens of companies that make up DaimlerChrysler AG. Personally I think it's disingenuous the do it from a legal standpoint. Not to mention a lot more work. But if you want to muddle the article, go ahead. I won't stop you. Nor will I help, of course. --93JC 00:30, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Don't accuse me of muddling things up; I'm tired of you accosting me like this. Don't forget to remember your civility. I really don't want to get this to the point where I have to set up an arbitration... --ApolloBoy 04:55, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Oh please... You know what? I've figured out a better solution: I'll remove Jeeps from the article altogether, make a "List of Jeeps" article, and put a "see also" link in this article. Satisfactory? Then we won't have to make the distinction. --93JC 18:48, 31 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Well, you sounded like you were accosting me. If you weren't, I apologize. --ApolloBoy 06:50, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:List of Chrysler platforms


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Talk:Tammany Society

This entry has apparently been invented completely without recourse to a library. Wetman 00:01, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Agreed, the article Tammany Hall is much more biased and well researched, they should either be merged or this one completely deleted since it has little or no new information. 130.184.151.249 14:42, 24 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Yes, this article looks comparatively amateurish and not very useful. The central facet of Tammany history is political corruption and control, and this is not even mentioned here. I'd vote for replacing this with a synonym link to Tammany Hall. The only thing to save from this one is the intriguing reference to connection with some rehabilitation of the reputation of Native Americans; but somebody should do some research and make sure there is something to it. ACW 04:26, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Of the information that I could glean from this article, the only relevant and verifiable fact was some of the native american leanings at the beginning. I put that into the Tammany Hall article. --TheGrza 20:27, Nov 4, 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tammany Society


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Taiyō, Ibaraki

Taiyō (大洋村) was a village located in Kashima District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 11,416 and a density of 261.65 persons per km2. The total area was 43.63 km2.

On October 11, 2005, Taiyō, along with the old town of Hokota, and the village of Asahi (all from Kashima District), was merged to create the city of Hokota.

title: Taiyō, Ibaraki


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Jorge Hank Rhon

Jorge Hank Rhon (born January 28, 1956) is a Mexican businessman and owner of Mexico's largest sports betting company, Grupo Caliente. He served from December 2004 to February 2007 as the president of the municipality of Tijuana. He is the son of former Mexico City mayor Carlos Hank González and Guadalupe Rhon. Hank family has alleged links to drug trafficking. He has been accused of money laundering, murder, arrested for possession of unlicensed arms and dealing in the trade of exotic animals.

Biography
Of German descent, Jorge Hank Rhon studied at the Alexander von Humboldt German College and Industrial Engineering at the Universidad Anáhuac in the State of Mexico. In 1980 he founded the Grupo Taos, a company that operates pet stores and amusement parks of which he is the President of the Board and General Director. He moved to Tijuana in 1985 to manage the Agua Caliente Racetrack and formed the Grupo Caliente which includes the dog racing track, a hotel, a mall and a network of entertainment centers in 19 states of Mexico as well as 13 countries of Central, South America and Europe. The number of employees of the racetrack grew from 700 to close to 6,000. During his management Tijuana has hosted the Señorita México pageant, the World Boxing title fight between Julio César Chávez and Danilo Cabrera and from 1986 to 1988 the Caribe International Classic Horserace, considered the most important in Latin America. The Racetrack also hosts the Day of the Three Wise Men, Children's Day, Mother's Day where thousands of children and their mothers receive free food, gifts and an entertainment show since 1988. Hank also created the Cuauhtémoc Hank Foundation to give scholarships to students of all grades including studies in foreign schools. On April 20, 1988, a local newspaper columnist, Hector "El Gato" Félix Miranda was assassinated on his way to work. The gunmen turned out to be security guards at the Caliente track, and one had worked as well for Hank Rhon's father, Carlos Hank Gonzalez. To this day the independent news weekly in Tijuana, ZETA, runs a full page ad with white letters: "Jorge Hank: Why did your bodyguards assassinate me?" 'El Gato' had been a fierce critic of the Hank family.

Hank Rhon is the owner of casinos and soccer teams. He is a lover of exotic animals and the father of 23 children, some of whom are named after animals.

Campaign for municipal president
As a candidate for mayor of Tijuana in 2004, Hank said, “Mi animal preferido sigue siendo la mujer”. ("My favorite animal is still the woman.")

Hank won the mayoral race that year, beating PAN candidate Jorge Ramos by a slim margin, thus ending 15 years of PAN government in Tijuana.

Mayor of Tijuana
The most notable infrastructure improvement in Tijuana during the Hank administration was the multi-million investment on an underpass at the Alba Roja intersection, just south of the 5 y 10 intersection. The 5 y 10 intersection is one of the most famous in the city and with the heaviest traffic. The investment was for a figure close to 45 million pesos, more than four million dollars.

On February 8, 2005, the Hank administration inaugurated the five million pesos Center of Communication, Control, Computing and Command (C4) that included 60 high definition cameras. In order the reduce kidnappings, a problem of Tijuana for many years, the municipal government started a program of installing GPS devices on the cars of potential victims. In 2007, a program of road safety cameras was introduced in Tijuana that issued speeding tickets in which some drivers received up to 800 tickets issued the same day, same time, and on the same location.

The Hank administration produced significant urban development but failed to significantly reduce crime In 2007, the Operation Tijuana of the Federal Government only momentarily reduced serious crimes and ordinary crimes increased 40% and it was detected corruption amongst the federal forces. The operation was then extended to the five municipalities of the state and dubbed Operation Baja California, per request of the governor Eugenio Elorduy Walther.

On February 20, 2007, Hank requested a license to leave his post as mayor. The license was approved by nine PRI representatives with six PAN representatives rejecting the license and one PRD representative abstaining from voting. Multiple billboards reporting Hank actions as mayor were put out after the annual report and PAN representative complained and offered to remove the PAN-sponsored radio spots on fighting radar camera-issued tickets.

2007
At the end of 2006, Jorge Hank expressed his wishes to run a campaign for the 2007 Baja California state election. This flared up comments from PAN politicians saying that he would be violating the state's Antichapulin ("anti-grasshopper") law which prohibits a person of public office to "jump" from one charge to another without ending their current term.

In February 2007, he requested permission to leave his post as municipal president and accept the candidacy for governor by the Alianza para que vivas mejor (The Alliance So You May live better), which was approved by his party's regidores and denied by the PAN regidores. The PAN also accused five district electoral council members of partiality toward Hank because they served as judges during his administration as president of Tijuana. The Federal Electoral Tribune rejected the complaint determining that the law does not have such restriction that would prevent these five lawyers from serving as judges and then as council members.

On June 20, 2007, Baja California's state elections court voted 2 to 1 in favor of the validity of the so-called "anti-grasshopper law" thus cancelling Hank's bid for governor. He appealed the decision before the Federal Electoral Tribunal, which unanimously upheld his candidacy on July 7, holding the state law contravened the electoral and political rights of the citizenry. Pending that decision, Hank was not a registered candidate and had to abstain from campaigning. The election date was on August 5, 2007.

According to the Baja California's State Electoral Institute, Jorge Hank lost the election by 8 points (almost 55,000 votes) to Jose Guadalupe Osuna Millan, PAN's candidate.

2021
Alfredo Ferreiro Velasco, leader of announced on January 26, 2021, that Jorge Hank Rhon would be its candidate for governor in 2021. As a candidate for governor, Hank Rhon said of women “[S]e les ha bajado un poquito la inteligencia” ("Their intelligence has lowered a little").

title: Jorge Hank Rhon


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Morley Griswold

Morley Isaac Griswold (October 10, 1890 – October 3, 1951) was an American politician. He was the 16th governor of Nevada. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Biography
Griswold was born near Lamoille, Nevada, on October 10, 1890. He graduated from the University of Michigan in 1913, and received his law degree from the University of Michigan Law School in 1915.

He practiced law in Reno. A Republican, he served as Reno City Attorney from 1915 to 1926. Griswold served in the U.S. Army during World War I.

He was the 16th lieutenant governor of Nevada from 1927 to 1934. He became the governor of Nevada upon the death of Governor Frederick Balzar on March 21, 1934. Unsuccessful in his election bid, he left office in January 1935.

Griswold died on October 3, 1951, in Reno, Nevada, at the age of 60.

title: Morley Griswold


text:
Kamisu

Kamisu (神栖市) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 95,384 in 40,759 households and a population density of 649 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 23.6%. The total area of the city is 146.97 sqkm.

Geography
Kamisu is located in the extreme southeastern portion of Ibaraki Prefecture. The city forms a rough triangle, with Chiba Prefecture on the western side and the Pacific Ocean on the east. The Tone River flows through the city.

Surrounding municipalities
Ibaraki Prefecture Chiba Prefecture
 * Kashima
 * Itako
 * Katori
 * Chōshi
 * Tōnoshō

Climate
Kamisu has a Humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Kamisu is 14.8 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1508 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.7 °C, and lowest in January, at around 4.7 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Kamisu has recently plateaued after decades of strong growth.

History
The village of Kamisu was established within Kashima District by the merger of the villages of Ikisu and Karuno on March 1, 1955. It was elevated to town status on January 1, 1970. The city of Kamisu was established on August 1, 2005, from the merger of the town of Kamisu and the town of Hasaki (also from Kashima District).

Government
Kamisu has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 23 members. Kamisu contributes two members to the Ibaraki Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Ibaraki 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
Kamisu has a large industrial base, with many chemical, petrochemical, specialty chemical plants, and refineries. The city is part of the Kashima Rinkai Industrial Zone. The Kashima Power Station is also located in Kamisu.

Education
Kamisu has 14 public elementary schools and eight public middle schools operated by the city government, and three public high schools operated by the Ibaraki Prefectural Board of Education.

Railway

 * Kamisu is served by the Kashima Rinkai Railway Kashima Rinkō Line, an all-freight railway line. The city does not have any passenger railway service.

Seaport

 * Port of Kashima

Sister city relations

 * 🇺🇸 – Eureka, California, USA – sister city since 1991

Local attractions

 * Ikisu Jinja
 * Gonoike Ryokuchi Park

Notable people from Kamisu

 * Mitsutoshi Furuya, manga artist
 * Tsukushi – female professional wrestler
 * Naoya Ishigami, professional soccer player
 * Keiji Suzuki, judoka and Olympic gold medalist
 * Takashi Ono, judoka
 * Kazuhiko Hosokawa, professional golfer
 * Tomi Okawa, table tennis player
 * Takashi Nagatsuka, writer, poet
 * Akira Kazami, politician
 * Atsushi Koyano, scholar of contemporary literature

title: Kamisu


text:
Siege of Ueda

The siege of Ueda was staged in 1600 by Tokugawa Hidetada, son and heir of the warlord Tokugawa Ieyasu, against Ueda castle garrison in Shinano province, which was controlled by the Sanada family.

Hidetada came across the castle as he marched his army along the Nakasendō (central mountain road) from Edo to rendezvous with his father's forces. Sanada Masayuki resisted, and Sanada Yukimura, second son of Masayuki, was able to fight Hidetada's 38,000 men with only 2,000. However, when the castle did not fall as quickly as Hidetada had hoped and expected, he gave up and abandoned the siege and hurried to meet up with his father. As a result of this delay, Hidetada missed the battle of Sekigahara, the decisive victory in his father's unification of Japan.

title: Siege of Ueda


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ages of Requiescence Superintendence and Effusiveness

Game "currently under development" by a "legendary" game developer who is "not yet well-known among the general public". Or Google. Vanity, delete. —Stormie 00:15, Aug 3, 2004 (UTC)

 * also redirect What is A R S E and image Image:Tudor.jpg —Stormie 00:41, Aug 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Also known as "A.R.S.E.". I think this is someone's little joke. Delete.--Ianb 00:22, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Yeah, I wish it was vanity because that implies there would actually be a game. --[[User:Bodnotbod|b odnotbo d    ......TALK Q uietly ) ]] 00:40, Aug 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: A prank.  Not worthy of BJAODN. Geogre 00:53, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Not really worthy of BJAODN, but amusing nonetheless. Isomorphic 00:56, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, vanity. --Starx 02:28, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete; Big amount of work to put into nonsense. --Golbez 05:13, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. I agree with previous votes. No BJAODN. --Sesel 04:08, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Don't delete-It's excelent, total genius. xxx the vanity stuff sucks. xxx

 * Above comments added as headings by 82.152.41.251. -- Cyrius|✎ 18:54, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
Fred B. Balzar

Frederick Bennett Balzar (June 15, 1880 – March 21, 1934) was an American politician and lawyer. He was the 15th Governor of Nevada. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Biography
Balzar was born in Virginia City, Nevada. His attended school in Nevada, and graduated from San Francisco Polytechnic High School. Balzar worked at a variety of occupations, including stagecoach driving, ranching, railroading, mining, and insurance.

A Republican, he served in the Nevada Assembly from 1905 to 1906, and the Nevada Senate from 1909 to 1916,. He was sheriff and county assessor of Mineral County from 1917 to 1926, and chairman of the Nevada Republican Party from 1924 to 1925.

Balzar won the race for governor in 1926, defeating incumbent James G. Scrugham. After a lengthy illness Balzar died in the governor's mansion on March 21, 1934, in Carson City, Nevada. In 1931, he signed into law Assembly Bill 98, which allowed for wide-open gambling in Nevada.

Balzar died in office at the Nevada Governor's Mansion. He shared a close friendship with comedian Will Rogers, who eulogized him as "a real two-fisted governor."

title: Fred B. Balzar


text:
Karkadann

The Karkadann (Arabic كركدن karkadann or karkaddan from Kargadan, Persian: كرگدن) is a mythical creature said to have lived on the grassy plains of India and Persia.

The word kargadan also means rhinoceros in Persian and Arabic.

Depictions of karkadann are found also in North Indian art. Like the unicorn, it can be subdued by virgins and acts ferociously toward other animals. Originally based on the Indian rhinoceros (one of the meanings of the word) and first described in the 10th/11th century, it evolved in the works of later writers to a mythical animal "with a shadowy rhinocerine ancestor" endowed with strange qualities, such as a horn with medicinal qualities.

Evolution of descriptions
An early description of the karkadann comes from the 10/11th century Persian scholar Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī (Al-Biruni, 973–1048). He describes an animal which has "the build of a buffalo...a black, scaly skin; a dewlap hanging down under the skin. It has three yellow hooves on each foot...The tail is not long. The eyes lie low, farther down the cheek than is the case with all other animals. On the top of the nose there is a single horn which is bent upwards." A fragment of Al-Biruni preserved in the work of another author adds a few more characteristics: "the horn is conical, bent back towards the head, and longer than a span...the animal's ears protrude on both sides like those of a donkey, and...its upper lip forms into a finger-shape, like the protrusion on the end of an elephant's trunk." These two descriptions leave no doubt that the Indian Rhinoceros is the basis for the animal. But the future confusion between the rhinoceros and the unicorn was already in the making since the Persian language uses the same word, karkadann, for the mythological animal as it does for the rhinoceros, and this confusion is evident also in the illustrations of the creature.

After Al-Biruni, Persian scholars took his description and formed ever more fanciful versions of the beast, aided by the absence of first-hand knowledge and the difficulty of reading and interpreting old Arabic script. A decisive shift in description concerned the horn: where Al-Biruni had stuck to the short, curved horn, later writers made it a long, straight horn, which was shifted in artists' representations from the animal's nose to its brow.

The Persian physician Zakariya al-Qazwini (Al-Qazwini, d. 1283) is one of the writers who at the end of the thirteenth century links the karkadann's horn with poison, in his ʿAjā'ib al-makhlūqāt wa gharā'ib al-mawjūdāt. He lists a few beneficial effects: holding the horn opens up the bowels to relieve constipation, and it can cure epilepsy and lameness. Later authors had the horn perspire when poison is present, suggesting the horn is an antidote and connecting it to alicorn, though this connection is not made by all writers.

In the 14th century, Ibn Battuta, in his travelogue, calls the rhinoceros he saw in India a karkadann, and describes it as a ferocious beast, driving away from its territory animals as big as the elephant; this is the legend that is told in One Thousand and One Nights in the "Second Voyage of Sinbad the Sailor".

The karkadann is referred to by Elmer Suhr as the "Persian version of the unicorn". The name appears also in medieval European bestiaries, such as those from Escorial and Paris, where the name karkadann appears in the captions of unicorn illustrations.

Horn
Al-Qazwini, one of the earliest authors to claim the horn is an antidote to poison, also notes that it is used in the manufacturing of knife handles. According to Chris Lavers, The Natural History of Unicorns, khutu, a somewhat enigmatic material possibly consisting of ivory or bone, had been ascribed alexipharmic properties. Both of these "enigmatic horns," Lavers argues, were used in making cutlery, and so became associated; this is how in the 13th century Al-Qazwini could consider karkadann horn as an antidote, and this is how the karkadann became associated with the unicorn.

Name
The name karkadann is a variation of the Kurdish name which means donkey with one horn [Kar kit Dan]. Persian kargadan, or Sanskrit kartajan, which is said to mean "lord of the desert". Fritz Hommel suspects that the word entered Semitic languages via Arabs from Abyssinia. Other spellings and pronunciations include karkaddan, kardunn, karkadan, and karkend.

It has been conjectured that the mythical karkadann may have an origin in an account from the Mahabharata.

The initial portion of Persian kargadan resembles the Sanskrit word "khaRga" for rhinoceros also meaning sword, where "R" represents a retroflex flap sound. The rhinoceros is "sword horned".

Scholarship on the karkadann
Much of the available material on the karkadann was collected by Richard Ettinghausen in his 1950 publication The Unicorn, a book highly praised and often referred to as a standard reference on the unicorn.

Notable appearances and references
The karkadann is the topic of a long poem by Tawfiq Sayigh (d. 1971), "A Few Questions I Pose to the Unicorn," which was hailed by Jabra Ibrahim Jabra as "the strangest and most remarkable poem in the Arabic language."

Modern Iraq still has a tradition of "tears of the karkadann," dumiu al-karkadan, which are reddish beads used in the Misbaha, the Muslim prayer beads (subuhat). The accompanying legend says that the rhinoceros spends days in the desert looking for water; when he does, he first weeps "out of fatigue and thirst-pain." These tears, as they fall into the water of the drinking hole, turn into beads.

Peter Beagle (author of The Last Unicorn) wrote a story, "My Son Heydari and the Karkadann," in The Overneath (c)2017.

title: Karkadann


text:
James G. Scrugham

James Graves Scrugham (January 19, 1880 – June 23, 1945) was an American politician. He was a Representative, a Senator, and the 14th Governor of the U.S. state of Nevada. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Biography
Scrugham was born in Lexington, Kentucky, in 1880. He graduated from the University of Kentucky at Lexington in 1900, and received his master's degree in 1906. He was a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Nevada from 1903 to 1914. He was dean of the school of engineering from 1913 to 1917.

During the First World War, he was commissioned as a major in the United States Army in 1917 and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1918. After the war, he remained in the military as a member of the Organized Reserve Corps. He was state public service commissioner from 1919 to 1923. He was the Governor of Nevada between 1923 and 1927. He was the editor and publisher of the Nevada State Journal from 1927 to 1932. He became a special adviser to the Secretary of the Interior on Colorado River development projects in 1927.

Later, he was elected as a Democrat to Congress and served from 1933 until December 7, 1942, when he resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate to fill the unexpired term of Key Pittman on November 3, 1942. Scrugham served from December 7, 1942, until his death on June 23, 1945, in San Diego, California, at the age of 65.

The James G. Scrugham Engineering & Mines Building, opened in 1963, houses the dean's office and several departments in the College of Engineering, as well as the Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology.

title: James G. Scrugham


text:
Battle of Uedahara

The Battle of Uedahara (上田原の戦い) was the first defeat suffered by Takeda Shingen, and the first field battle in Japan in which firearms were used. It took place in Shinano Province or the modern-day Nagano Prefecture.

Battle
The Battle of Uedahara was part of Shingen's attempt to control Shinano Province. Shingen's father had invaded the territory and the clan was already in control of the bulk of its southern region around Lake Suwa. Shingen's campaign began with the takeover of Shika castle, which alarmed Murakami Yoshikiyo due to its proximity to his territories. The latter sent an army tasked with aiding Shika but it was ambushed by Shingen's troops at Odaihara. Yoshikiyo began mobilizing his forces in March 1548 to capture Shiga and drive Shingen out of Shinano.

Takeda Shingen met up with his force that had taken Shika castle, and led 7000 men north to face the threat posed by Yoshikiyo. Shingen's vanguard was led by Itagaki Nobukata; when they charged head-on into Murakami's vanguard, the charge was absorbed, and Itagaki was killed.

Murakami made use of 50 ashigaru armed with Japanese "hand cannon" arquebuses, who were meant to serve as support for archers. The army also used short-barreled Chinese handguns to counter the enemy's cavalry. Shingen, on the other hand, adhered to the traditional battle strategy and failed to use the tanegashima first. Around 700 of Takeda's men were killed, including Itagaki, and two other generals, Amari Torayasu and Hajikano Den'emon. Shingen himself even suffered a spear wound to his left arm.

Aftermath
Despite Murakami's victory, his power was significantly diminished after the battle of Uedahara. This was attributed to the death of his top-ranking samurai, crippling his capability to stand up on his own. On the other hand, Shingen benefited from the conflict, expanding his power further as he gained the Kousaka, Inoue, Mennai, Suda, Takanashi, and Seba districts.

title: Battle of Uedahara


text:
Michael Verhoeven

Michael Alexander Verhoeven (13 July 1938 – 22 April 2024) was a German film director, screenwriter, film and television producer, and actor. He was also a qualified doctor of medicine. He was considered a political filmmaker.

Biography
Michael Verhoeven stemed from a theatre and film family, the son of the German film director Paul Verhoeven (1901–1975) and actress Doris Kiesow (1902–1973).

Michael Verhoeven married Austrian actress Senta Berger in 1966 and stayed with her until his death in 2024 – in what is considered one of the longest-running scandal-free marriages in show business. Their sons are screenwriter/director/actor Simon Verhoeven (born 1972) and producer/actor Luca Verhoeven (born 1979). Verhoeven and Berger met at the Berlinale in 1960 and played together in front of the camera in the 1963 film Jack and Jenny, where he was supposed to kiss her in one scene. The two fell in love during filming. The couple had two sons, Simon Vincent (born 1972) and Luca Paul (born 1979). The children followed in their parents' footsteps: Simon Verhoeven is a director and screenwriter, whereas Luca Verhoeven is a producer. Both sons started out as actors and also work in the family business Sentana Filmproduktion.

Verhoeven died after a short and serious illness in the presence of his family at his Grünwald home, on 22 April 2024. He was 85.

Career
Michael Verhoeven began his career as an artist as a nine-year-old in plays (including a stage adaptation of Pünktchen und Anton based on the novel by Erich Kästner, a friend of the family) and subsequently appeared in films in the 1950s (such as Kästner's The Flying Classroom, The Juvenile Judge and The Crammer with Heinz Rühmann). He directed his first play at the Tübingen Zimmertheater in 1962.

As a young adult, however, Verhoeven decided to study medicine against the wishes of his parents, who encouraged him to continue his acting career. He obtained his doctorate in 1969 with a thesis on psychiatric masking of brain tumors with special consideration of misleading findings and worked as a doctor for several years – including in the USA, where he had followed his wife Senta Berger, who was acting in Hollywood films in the 1960s alongside stars like Charlton Heston, Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra, Richard Widmark, John Wayne, Kirk Douglas, and Yul Brynner.

Back in Munich in 1965, he founded Sentana Filmproduktion together with his wife and began directing films – starting with The Dance of Death based on August Strindberg's play of the same name. He followed up with two frolicky sixties lifestyle comedies Up the Establishment with Mario Adorf and Gila von Weiterhausen in the leading roles (1968), and Student of the Bedroom (1969), both produced by Rob Houwer.

Verhoeven's political and experimental 1970 anti-Vietnam War film o.k. was entered into the 20th Berlin International Film Festival, but led to a scandal that forced the collapse of the festival without the awarding of any prizes: The then jury president George Stevens felt offended and threatened to remove the experimental film from the program because of its supposed anti-American invective. The Berlinale regulations were subsequently reformed. Later that year o.k. went on to win the German Film Award in Gold. For its 50th anniversary, MoMA conducted a special screening in 2021.

In the 1970s, Verhoeven worked increasingly for television, including directing one of the first episodes of Germany's longest running crime procedural series Tatort (for which he would direct another episode 33 years later in 2005). After becoming a father for the first time in 1972, he wrote and directed the anarchic children's series Krempoli in 1975, in which he played a smaller part and also cast his father Paul Verhoeven and his sister Lis Verhoeven alongside Senta Berger. In 1980, he made the television film Die Ursache with Otto Sander. In the same year his theatrical release Sunday Children (Sonntagskinder) got screened at the Cannes Film Festival in 1980.

In 1982, he wrote, directed and co-produced the story of the resistance fighters against the Nazi regime, the siblings Hans and Sophie Scholl, in Die weiße Rose (The White Rose). The German Foreign Office banned official screenings abroad when Verhoeven refused to remove a critical commentary from the credits. The film won Silver at the German Film Awards. Based on the true story essay book “A Case of Resistance and Persecution, Passau 1933-39,” by Anja Romus, he wrote and directed The Nasty Girl ( Das schreckliche Mädchen) in 1990, which won the Silver Bear for Best Director at the 40th Berlinale, the BAFTA for Best Foreign Language Film, Best Foreign Language Film at the 56th New York Film Critics Circle Award, and gained an Oscar nomination for Best Foreign Language Film at the 63rd Academy Awards. These two films cemented his international reputation as an important political voice in European film. Along with his adaptation of George Tabori's memoire My Mother's Courage (with music by his son Simon Verhoeven who also played a supporting part), and the documentary Der unbekannte Soldat (The Unknown Soldier), Verhoeven was praised for his relentless examination of the Nazi regime in Germany and its aftermath.

Promoting The Nasty Girl in the US in 1990, Verhoeven explained his interest in rememberence culture or rather the lack thereof: “The danger is that we will really forget. But we are very rich right now, and it could happen that we become not quite so rich. Many social problems will show up with the so-called reunification, and with the social problems it could be that Germans again look for enemies. This is what I am scared of. We know so little about Eastern Germany, and the eastern people also don’t know too much about our history. What they were told in school is even more wrong than what we were told.”

In 1992, he became a member of the jury at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival.

Verhoeven became a professor at the Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg in Ludwigsburg in the 1990s, passing on his knowledge to the next generation of filmmakers. For decades, Verhoeven also ran movie theaters in Berlin: the Toni at Antonplatz and the Olympia Filmtheater in Prenzlauer Berg until he sold the properties in the late 2010s.

In 2000, Verhoeven wrote and directed the controversial television film Enthüllung einer Ehe (Uncover of a Marriage), which deals with the then still taboo subject of transgender identity, for which he won the Robert Geisendörfer Preis, as well as two FIPA Awards at the International Festival of Audiovisual Programmes in Biarritz.

Together with wife Senta Berger he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit in 1999 as well as the Bavarian Order of Merit in 2002. In 2005, Verhoeven received the Marion Samuel Prize, which honors particularly effective ways of combating the forgetting, suppression and relativization of the crimes committed by Germans during the Nazi era. In 2006 he got an Honorary Lifetime Award from the Bavarian Film Awards.

In 2000, Verhoeven made his first documentary: Der Fall Liebl – Ein Bayer in Togo, about a late repatriate who was unfamiliar with German bureaucracy and was threatened with deportation. In 2006, after seven years of work, his second documentary The Unknown Soldier about reactions to the Wehrmacht exhibition was released. In his 2008 documentary Human Failure (Menschliches Versagen), Verhoeven dealt with the question of the extent to which the German civil population profited from the confiscation of Jewish assets during the Nazi era. The film was screened at the Jerusalem Film Festival. In his 2011 documentary The Second Execution of Romell Broom (Die zweite Hinrichtung – Amerika und die Todesstrafe), made in collaboration with Bayerischer Rundfunk, Verhoeven took on the subject of Capital punishment, following the death sentence for Romell Broom, found guilty for rape and murder, and his execution on September 15, 2009 in Lucasville, Ohio, which failed 18 times and was finally aborted.

However, Verhoeven was no stranger to light entertainment, most notably with his 1989 - 2002 television series Die schnelle Gerdi (Fast Gerdi) which starred Senta Berger as a smart and self-reliant Munich cab driver.

Verhoeven was one of the founding members of the Deutsche Filmakademie (German Film Academy, an organisation akin to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences) in 2003.

His last directorial and screenwriting work, Let's go!, was adapted in 2014 from the autobiographical novel Von Zuhause wird nichts erzählt by Laura Waco about her Jewish family in post-war Munich.

In 2015, Verhoeven co-produced Welcome to Germany (Willkommen bei den Hartmanns) written, directed and co-producted by son Simon Verhoeven, in which Senta Berger played the leading role. This sharp-tongued comedy about the 2015 refugee crisis became the most successful German cinema film of the year (3.8 million viewers) and won the German Film Award, the Bavarian Film Award for Best Production as well as the Audience Award, the Peace Prize of German Film, the Goldene Leinwand, and the Bambi Award, among others.

Awards

 * 1970 German Film Award in Gold for o.k.
 * 1990 Silver Bear for Best Director, 40th Berlin International Film Festival for The Nasty Girl
 * 1995 Bavarian Film Awards, Best Production
 * 1999 Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (with Senta Berger)
 * 2000 FIPA Award of International Festival of Audiovisual Programmes in Biarritz for Uncover of a Marriage
 * 2001 Robert Geisendörfer Award for Uncover of a Marriage
 * 2002 Order of Merit of the Free State of Bavaria (with Senta Berger)
 * 2005 Marion Samuel Prize
 * 2006 Bavarian Film Awards, Honorary Award

Director
Film
 * The Dance of Death (1967) – based on The Dance of Death by August Strindberg
 * Up the Establishment (1969) – screenplay by Franz Geiger
 * Student of the Bedroom (1970) – screenplay by Volker Vogeler, based on a novel by Finn Søeborg
 * o.k. (1970)
 * He Who Loves in a Glass House (1971)
 *  (1976)
 * Scrounged Meals (1977) – screenplay by Elke Heidenreich and Bernd Schroeder
 * Sunday Children (1980) – based on a play by Gerlind Reinshagen
 * Die weiße Rose (1982)
 *  (1986)
 * The Nasty Girl (1990)
 * My Mother's Courage (1995) – based on a story by George Tabori
 * Let's Go! (2014 film) (2014) – based on an autobiographical novel by Laura Waco

Television
 * Der Kommissar: Dr. Meinhardts trauriges Ende (1970, TV series episode)
 * Tatort: Kressin und der Mann mit dem gelben Koffer (1972, TV series episode)
 * Ein unheimlich starker Abgang (1973) – based on a play by Harald Sommer
 * Krempoli – Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (1975, TV series)
 * Die Herausforderung (1975) – screenplay by Elke Heidenreich and Bernd Schroeder
 * Bier und Spiele (1977, TV series) – screenplay by Bernd Schroeder
 * Das Männerquartett (1978) – based on a novel by Leonhard Frank
 * 1982: Gutenbach (1978) – screenplay by Michael Mansfeld
 * Verführungen (1979) – screenplay by Elke Heidenreich
 * Freundinnen: Edith und Marlene (1979, TV series episode) – screenplay by Elke Heidenreich and Irene Rodrian
 * On Southern Slopes (1980) – screenplay by Manfred Bieler, based on a novella by Eduard von Keyserling
 * Die Ursache (1980) – based on a novella and a play by Leonhard Frank
 * Die Mutprobe (1982)
 * Das Tor zum Glück (1984)
 * Stinkwut (1986) – based on a play by Fitzgerald Kusz
 * Gundas Vater (1987)
 * Gegen die Regel (1987) – screenplay by Daniel Christoff
 * Ignaz Semmelweis – Arzt der Frauen (1988) – biographical film about Ignaz Semmelweis
 * Die schnelle Gerdi (1989, TV series)
 * Schlaraffenland (1990)
 * Lilli Lottofee (1992, TV series)
 * Eine unheilige Liebe (1993)
 * Zimmer mit Frühstück (2000) – screenplay by Conny Lens
 * Enthüllung einer Ehe (2000) – screenplay with Nicole Walter-Lingen
 * Die schnelle Gerdi, second season (2004, TV series)
 * Tatort: Die Spieler (2005, TV series episode)
 * Bloch: Vergeben, nicht vergessen (2008, TV series episode)
 * Bloch: Heißkalte Seele (2012, TV series episode)
 * Bloch: Die Lavendelkönigin (2013, TV series episode)
 * Glückskind (2014) – based on a novel by Steven Uhly

Documentary and short films
 * Tische (1970)
 * Bonbons (1971)
 * Coiffeur (1973)
 * Liebe Melanie (1983) – film about Melanie Horeschowsky
 * Das Mädchen und die Stadt oder: Wie es wirklich war (1990)
 * The Legend of Mrs. Goldman and the Almighty God (1996) – with George Tabori
 * George Tabori – Theater ist Leben (1998) – film about George Tabori
 * Der Fall Liebl (2001)
 * Die kleine Schwester – Die weiße Rose: Ein Vermächtnis (2002)
 * Der unbekannte Soldat (The Unknown Soldier, 2006)
 * Menschliches Versagen (Human Failure, 2008)
 * The Second Execution of Romell Broom (2012)

Producer

 * Die Spider Murphy Gang (dir. Georg Kostya, 1983)
 * Welcome to Germany (dir. Simon Verhoeven, 2016)

Actor

 * The Flying Classroom (1954), as Ferdinand
 * Marianne of My Youth (1955), as Alexis
 * The Crammer (1958), as Peter Wieland
 * That's No Way to Land a Man (1959), as Horst Burkhardt
 * The Juvenile Judge (1960), as Fred Kaiser
 * Mit 17 weint man nicht (1960), as Richard Denger
 * The House in Montevideo (1963), as Herbert
 * Tales of a Young Scamp (1964), as Karl Schultheiss
 * Onkel Filser – Allerneueste Lausbubengeschichten (1966), as Karl Schultheiss
 * Der Kommissar: Dr. Meinhardts trauriges Ende (1970, TV series episode), as Harro Vogt
 * Der Kommissar: Kellner Windeck (1971, TV series episode), as Johannes Windeck

title: Michael Verhoeven


text:
User talk:Herschelkrustofsky/The Third Trial of Lyndon LaRouche

The third trial of Lyndon LaRouche
I now find myself having to play the role of Emile Zola vs. a clique that wishes to have Wikipedia host a character assassination of LaRouche.

I would like Wikipedia mediatiors, arbitrators, and other interested parties to know that I will be away from the internet until Monday, July 12. I will respond promptly to any messages left on this page during that interval. --Herschelkrustofsky 23:22, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I request to serve as a witness for your arbitration case. I too have been victimized by Carr, in a similar fashion; in fact, the reason Herschel is treated this wasy, is undoubtedly because Carr got away with doing the same towards me. Lirath Q. Pynnor

 * Thanks just the same, but I would prefer to have my case stand or fall on its own merits. --Herschelkrustofsky 13:18, 12 Jul 2004 (UTC)

re: Request for Mediation
I have left a message for User:AndyL on his talk page to see if he is willing to accept mediation. However, Andy's user page says he's away until mid-July. I also expect that I should recuse myself as I have also been editing Lyndon LaRouche, but I will consider it if both parties desire me to act as mediator in this situation. Could you please respond, either on Requests for mediation or on my talk page, to say whether you are prepared to accept mediation. If you accept, could you please say whether you have any preference over who the mediator is. And there is a list at Mediation Committee, although you may choose someone not on the official committee if you prefer.

Thanks, BCorr | Брайен, Co-chair of the Mediation Committee 16:30, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I strongly reccomend you do not accept User:danny as your mediator. His POV is roughly the same as User:Adam Carr ;). Sam [Spade] 00:03, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Duly noted. --Herschelkrustofsky 13:20, 12 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Would it be possible to retract that accusation on the Evidence page? Ambivalenthysteria 11:51, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks. :) Ambivalenthysteria 14:11, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Incidentally, it wasn't an accusation -- I said I was "suspicious." I am no longer suspicious, at least of your role. Dealing with Adam and Andy is getting on my nerves. --Herschelkrustofsky 14:15, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

AndyL
Please come and share your thoughts at Wikipedia:Requests for comment/User:AndyL. Sam [Spade] 01:46, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Sam, Andy evidently corrected this error. --Herschelkrustofsky 14:59, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

''Adam and Andy please use threats and insults page. Andy, this includes your various anonymous incarnations such as 65.95.225.20 (NEXXIA HSE in Toronto).''

Re: From User:Herschelkrustofsky
Sam, you seem to have been around a while, and you seem as well to have gotten yourself embroiled in a fair amount of controversy. I'd like to ask your opinion on a few matters:

1. Despite all the proclamations about NPOV and no propaganda, yadda yadda yadda, is Wikipedia really just dominated by gangs of thugs, imposing their own POV?

2. Has the arbitration process ever been known to work? If so, how long did it take? And were the results durable?

Thanks for your time, --Herschelkrustofsky 07:42, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * 1. Short answer, no. Long answer, everything in life is POV, and dominated by groups of likeminded individuals. The wiki is actually less so than most, but its no exception.

 * 2. Yes, but it takes a very long time, and in your case it looks like you may be railroaded for being a larouche advocate. From what I saw here you are losing your case rather handily. I am sympathetic, and feel too little attention has been paid to Adam's incivility, and too much to your pro-larouche sympathies, but what will be, will be.

 * Good luck, Sam [Spade] 01:55, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * In a better world, the questions of Adam's incivility or my symphathies would be tertiary at best, and the arbitrators would be primarily concerned with the truth or falsity of the articles that Wikipedia is presenting to the world. I am beginning to suspect that there is no standard for truthfulness, period. --Herschelkrustofsky 14:39, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I agree... In many ways this (the wikipedia) is a Consensus reality. Sam [Spade] 18:17, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Post-arbitration communications
I don't think you're helping your cause very much by trying to attack Adam's employer, Herschelkrustofsky. Doing so by quoting the files of the CEC is just playing into Adam's hands - and I don't think it'll win you much sympathy from passers-by. Why not take the moral high ground? Ambi 03:22, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what you're getting at here. I think that Adam may be essentially a cat's paw for Danby, who has a much longer and more egregious history of slandering LaRouche than does Adam. I have met representatives of the CEC, and I was struck with admiration for them -- a bunch of unusually spunky, altruistic and jolly souls. And I'm not looking for sympathy, though I am looking for the moral high ground, which I have come to believe can be attained by telling the truth as fearlessly as possible. But I will be happy to discuss this further. --Herschelkrustofsky 20:53, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Please don't engage in personal attacks directed at User:Adam Carr though association with Adam Carr's employer, Michael Danby. Please avoid the characterization of Michael Danby as "fascist". Fred Bauder 12:46, Aug 15, 2004 (UTC)

 * I'd just like to backup Fred's request, and to remind you that the Lyndon LaRouche article is not going to get any more favourable to that man as a result of you attacking Adam Carr or Michael Danby. One other small comment: Wikipedia is not Truth; it is an encyclopedia. We desire to be accurate, unbiased, verifiable, and encyclopedic. Being "true" is sometimes a by-product of these things, but not always. Martin 22:22, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * OK, I get both points. Believe it or not, I have never sought a "favorable" article on LaRouche -- if you look at my Lyndon LaRouche/draft, I scrupulously acknowledge all the attacks on him. I suppose that Truth is not something we should be aiming for, but I would certainly settle for accurate and unbiased. Verifiability is necessary, but beware of fallacy of composition: you can have an article made up of verifiable facts that completely misrepresents its subject, by means of what it leaves out. And the thing that troubles me about the whole Lyndon LaRouche affair vis-a-vis Wikipedia, is that many of the participants in the controversy seem comfortable with something that may be biased and inaccurate, so long as it is consistent with biased and inaccurate media reporting. I'd like to think that Wikipedia aims higher than that. --Herschelkrustofsky 01:48, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Am I a party? I've largely tried to stay out of it. But if you want, I'll refrain from any further such involvement here. Ambi 00:54, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 * Alright. As I said, IMO, I haven't been overly involved here, but if you perceive otherwise, that's fine. Ambi 14:58, 29 Sep 2004 (UTC)

CEC/LaRouche
a) I think I've solved the box problem re Helga Zepp-LaRouche. The LYM article is too short for me to use the same trick there so I've left the box where it is.

b) sorry Herschell but I know a bit about constitutional law and political systems in the Commonwealth and your claims regarding the Privy Council are utter nonsense. In any case, Australia has no Privy Council and ceased making any appointments to the British (or Imperial) Privy Council over twenty years ago. See Right_Honourable ie Adam's assertion that there is no constitutional link between Austalia and the Privy Council is absolutely correct. AndyL 23:21, 10 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Queries
Hi. I'm just wondering if you got my email concerning LaRouche. If you got it, my address is ncdems@yahoo.com. Thanks. Pincus 02:05, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Out of curiosity, why the sudden interest in the Australian labour movement? Ambi 03:26, 14 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 * User: Adam Carr believes it's because Herschelkrustofsky is a Lyndon LaRouch acolyte and that the figures he is writing on are claimed by members of the Australian LaRouche organisation to be their intellectual forebears. Carr claims his edits are an attempt to write the LaRouche version of history into Wikipedia. Psychobabble 00:04, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Duggan
Sorry Herschel but if you take out all the material related to LaRouche there wouldn't be an article on Duggan. Hence the difference between the Duggan article and the ones on King or Berlet. The only reason Duggan is notable is because of his experience with the LaRouche movement. There is nothing else in his life that would merit an article on him in wikipedia. AndyL 03:43, 17 Nov 2004 (UTC)

banned, and unbanned, Caliban
I agree that it is difficult to interpret the decision of the arbitration committee and to determine whether the information in any particular edit originally had its source in the Lyndon LaRouche movement. However, any user who determines that material in an edit had its source in the Lyndon LaRouche movement is authorized to remove it and you may be subject to a ban if you put it back. I think it is probably just best to stay away from areas where this is likely to happen. Jimbo looked at this decision and was not please with the "original research" approach, but he did agree that Wikipedia was not a proper venue for, "advocacy and propaganda". You can probably expect any further proceedings will result in further restrictions. Fred Bauder 14:38, Nov 24, 2004 (UTC)

Herschelkrustofsky, C Colden and 64.30.208.48
After complaints to the Arbitration Committee Herschelkrustofsky, C Colden and 64.30.208.48 are banned for one week for violation of the provisions of Requests_for_arbitration/Lyndon_LaRouche/Proposed_decision. Effective November 25, 2004 on the vote of 5 arbitrators conducted at Wikipedia talk:Requests for arbitration/Admin enforcement requested.

Reply from Weed
Probably so, but intermittently as usual. Weed Harper 21:08, 14 Jan 2005 (UTC)

The missing Holocaust denial material
Herschel, you haven't replied to my query about the Lyndon LaRouche Talk archives. There seems to be quite a bit of material missing that you appear to have deleted or moved. As an example, I drew your attention to this discussion about LaRouche's alleged Holocaust denial, which was in Talk:Lyndon LaRouche/Jewish issues, and which you moved, for no obvious reason, on August 19, to Talk:Lyndon LaRouche/The Herschelkrustofsky List/archive1. On October 11, you moved Talk:Lyndon LaRouche/Jewish issues to Talk:Lyndon LaRouche/archive4. But because you had previously deleted the Holocaust denial discussion, it was not among the material that went to archive 4. Can you explain that to me please, because it looks like an attempt to hide it. If I have misunderstood, I apologize, and would appreciate you pointing to where the material can be found in the regular archives that were listed on the Talk page. Many thanks, SlimVirgin 22:57, Jan 14, 2005 (UTC)

 * Please note response by MyRedDice/Martin . --HK 14:06, 15 Jan 2005 (UTC)

Herschel, Martin's reply indicates that he doesn't know anything about this. He writes that the missing LaRouche material about his alleged Holocaust denial can be found at Talk:Lyndon LaRouche/Jewish issues. But I was the one who recently restored it to this archive when I found it had been deleted by you on August 19, 2004. So the question remains: after you deleted it on August 19 and placed it in the Herschelkrustofsylist1, why didn't you move it into the regular archives; or if you did, where is it? I continue to wonder what the general archiving practises were at that time, and why you were allowed to remove things and move discussions out of context, and I would appreciate a response. The archives are in a complete mess as a result; a lot is missing; the rest is not in chronological order; and Talk:Lyndon LaRouche/fullarchive is nowhere near complete. I would be grateful if you would explain, as you were the one doing the bulk of the archiving, not Martin. SlimVirgin 19:21, Jan 15, 2005 (UTC)

Slim, the facts are these: the so-called "Herschelkrustofsky list" of objections to the Adam and Andy versions of the Lyndon LaRouche article appeared numerous times on the talk page of that article during the summer of 2004, until MyRedDice, a member of the arbcom committee, intervened to consolidate it and move it to two seperate pages. At his suggestion, as each objection was resolved, it was moved, by me, to a seperate archive of "closed issues." Around October 10, 2004, all remaining disputes were resolved, and I moved what was left on those pages to the "closed issues" page. If you think that I misplaced some material, which I doubt, you can find it by going over the edit histories of those pages. I am unwilling to do it for you, as I am somewhat overtaxed responding to POV edits on the LaRouche pages from the new team of Chip Berlet and yourself. If you continue to post notices on all the talk pages which imply that I was "deleting archive material," I shall consider it a malicious personal attack. --HK 17:41, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * You may consider it in any way you wish. You wrote: " Around October 10, 2004, all remaining disputes were resolved, and I moved what was left on those pages to the "closed issues" page." What and where is the "closed issues" page? SlimVirgin 18:05, Jan 16, 2005 (UTC)

That would be Talk:Lyndon_LaRouche/The_Herschelkrustofsky_List/archive1, the sole archive for the list. --HK 18:20, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

You have been blocked for grossly violating the 3 Revert Rule on Lyndon LaRouche. You will continue to be reverted until you establish consensus or at least support for your edits. Use the talk page (which you don't appear to have done at all yet) instead of blindly reverting. --fvw *  06:45, 2005 Jan 24 (UTC)

You should be aware that a request for arbitration has been made against you. Snowspinner 13:59, Jan 25, 2005 (UTC)

La Rouche arbitration
The La Rouche arbitration part two has been accepted; temporary injunctions have been proposed which would affect your editing of La Rouche related articles; please made any comments at the talk page of Requests_for_arbitration/Lyndon_LaRouche_Part_Deux/Proposed_decision. Fred Bauder 15:51, Jan 25, 2005 (UTC)

Arbitration Committee injunction
Pending a final decision on the case concerning you, you are prohibited from editing articles on Template:LaRouche, editing the talk pages on Template:LaRouche Talk creating new articles related to the LaRouche movement or adding LaRouche-related material to other articles pending resolution of this matter. Violation of this injunction will result in a block of up to twenty-four hours. Pages relating to the case are not included. Please see the injunction order for details. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 04:02, 2005 Jan 27 (UTC)

Arbitration Committee ruling
The case against you has closed. The Arbitration Committee has decreed that you are to be restricted to one account for editing. All other accounts showing the same editing patterns as you are to be blocked indefinitely. This includes the accounts User:Weed Harper and User:C Colden. You are also not permitted to edit anonymously. If you are discovered to have created or edited using any other account, or have edited anonymously, that account shall be blocked indefinitely and you shall be banned for up to one week. You are to be placed on POV parole for up to and including one year. If you re-insert any edits which are judged by a majority of those commenting on the relevant talk page in a 24-hour poll to be a violation of the NPOV policy, then you shall be temp-banned for a short time, up to one week. Repeat deletions of text, similarly judged to result in a violation of NPOV, shall be treated in the same way. In addition, you are hereby banned from editing any article relating to Lyndon LaRouche for up to and including one year. If you edit any LaRouche-related article, you may be blocked for up to one week by any administrator. Administrators may use their discretion in determining what constitutes a LaRouche-related article. The prohibition against inserting La Rouche material into other articles remains in effect. If, in the judgement of any administrator, you or any user who is considered a sockpuppet of you edits any article which relates to Lyndon LaRouche or inserts material which relates to Lyndon LaRouche into any other article you may be banned for up to one week. Any ban shall reset the one-year ban on editing LaRouche related articles and the ban on inserting LaRouche material into unrelated articles. A one-week ban may be imposed for use of a sockpuppet for any purpose; such a ban shall reset both bans. Finally, you are officially cautioned against derogatory characterisations of other contributors. Such repeated and unwarranted assertions amount to personal attacks. Please see the final decision for details. -- Grunt 🇪🇺 01:16, 2005 Feb 17 (UTC)

What violations?
In a counterclaim posted here:, you conclude:
 * I ask that these examples be found to be violations of Wikipedia policy, and that Cberlet, SlimVirgin, and Willmcw be warned against further violations, with some sanctions to apply if the warnings are ignored.

But you have not indicated any supposed violations on my part. Either you should document my violations or you should remove me from your list of violators. -Willmcw 22:05, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)


text:
Emmet D. Boyle

Emmet Derby Boyle (July 26, 1879 – January 3, 1926) was an American politician who was the 13th Governor of Nevada. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Biography
Boyle was born on July 26, 1879, in Gold Hill, Nevada, making him the first governor of Nevada to be born in the state. He was a mining engineer, and was the Governor of Nevada from 1915 to 1923. He also served as president of the Reno Chamber of Commerce.

As governor, he gained prominence for his opposition to boxing. In 1918, he refused to allow Fred Fulton and Jess Willard to fight in the state.

After retiring as governor, he served as publisher of the Nevada State Journal.

Boyle died on January 3, 1926, in Reno, Nevada, at the age of 46.

title: Emmet D. Boyle


text:
List of geological features on Callisto

This is a list of named geological features on Callisto, a moon of Jupiter. This list is complete as of August 2022.

Catenae
Callistoan catenae (crater chains) are named after rivers, valleys, and ravines in myths and folktales of cultures of the Far North (all current names come from Norse mythology).

Faculae
Faculae (bright spots) on Callisto are named after characters related to frost, snow, cold, and sleet from myths and folktales of people of the Far North.

Large ring features
The enormous impact-related ring features on Callisto are named after places (other than rivers, valleys and ravines) from myths and folktales of the Far North.

title: List of geological features on Callisto


text:
Bugatti EB 110

The Bugatti EB 110 is a mid-engine sports car produced by Bugatti Automobili S.p.A. from 1991 until 1995, when the company was liquidated. A small number of post-production cars were completed afterwards, with the last one built by Dauer in 2002 and another unfinished example completed in 2019. It was the only production model made by Romano Artioli's Italian incarnation of Bugatti.

History

Development of the EB 110 started in 1987 on the engine and chassis, with work being carried out by Tecnostile, headed by Tiziano Benedetti, Achille Bevini, and Oliviero Pedrazzi. The trio had worked on the Lamborghini Miura chassis and engine development and had subsequently established their own company which was known to Ferruccio Lamborghini and Paolo Stanzani who were involved in early talks with Romano Artioli. Stanzani was chosen as company Technical Director thanks to his career experience with the Miura, Espada, and Countach.

Several designers received copies of the chassis drawings in order to propose styling for the bodywork: Paolo Martin, Giorgetto Giugiaro, Bertone and Marcello Gandini. Bertone proposed a design prepared by Marc Deschamps (who went on to style the B.Engineering Edonis in 1999) but soon after lost interest in the project. That same design would be presented again as Bertone Lotus Emotion. Giugiaro's ID90 prototype was presented some time later at the 1990 Turin Car Show.

Gandini gained wider acceptance by being well known to Stanzani and having worked on the styling of the Cizeta V16 which was powered by an engine designed by Tecnostile. Hence initial prototypes based on Gandini's design began testing in 1989.

Restyling
Bugatti's President was not impressed by Gandini's angular design language incorporating a shovel nose and flared rear wheel arches and did not favour the aluminium honeycomb chassis design proposed by Stanzani. Gandini made a second iteration of the design with softer lines, revised front and rear lights, and subtly different proportions for the rear wheel arches – styling cues also visible in the Maserati Chubasco of 1991. Artioli, however, still did not approve and wanted further detail design changes which Gandini refused to make. Artioli thus tasked Gianpaolo Benedini (who had designed the "Blu Factory" prototype) to make the requested changes. The final vehicle design replaced the network of cooling ducts on the bonnet with ducts in the front bumper and at the outer flanks of the two large fixed headlamps which replaced the early prototype's pop-up units. The scissor doors, the large windshield, and the side window design were retained.

Change of chassis
Conflicts of opinion with Artioli led to the respective departure of Gandini and Stanzani. The role of technical director was filled by Nicola Materazzi, who had a vast experience of working with Lancia, Ferrari and Cagiva, and had been Chief Engineer for the Stratos GR5, GTO Evoluzione, F40 and C589. One of the first tasks for Materazzi was that of improving the chassis torsional stiffness because the aluminium honeycomb prototype chassis were losing a fifth of their torsional stiffness after 30,000 test km and the test drivers were noticing poor vehicle handling. A new carbon fibre chassis was developed and supplied by Aerospatiale, giving the car the stiffness it needed to achieve its performance targets. Materazzi also brought his engines experience to fix the problems which were affecting the engine's durability on the dynamometers (excessive friction between titanium con-rods in contact). He then moved on to re-calculating the front to rear torque distribution. Test drivers Jean-Philippe Vittecoq and Loris Bicocchi stated that the cars were understeering too much so Materazzi altered the torque distribution from 40:60 to 27:73 and the drivers were satisfied with the handling improvement.

The car had many innovative technologies that were scarcely used by the automotive industry at the time of its introduction such as a carbon fibre monocoque chassis, active aerodynamics, quad turbocharging (two per cylinder bank) and an all-wheel-drive system for better handling, the latter two being deemed by chief engineer Materazzi as "to tangle a doddle with a trifle". The design elements of the car paid homage to the distinctive Bugatti automobiles of the past. The name EB 110 is an abbreviation for the company's founder, Ettore Bugatti and his 110th birthday.

Unveiling and company financial difficulties
The Bugatti EB 110 GT was unveiled on 15 September 1991, at both Versailles and in front of the Grande Arche de la Défense, near Paris, exactly 110 years after Ettore Bugatti's birth.

A lighter and more powerful variant with 450 kW called the EB 110 Super Sport was introduced at the 1992 Geneva Motor Show just six months after the introduction of the EB 110 GT. The Super Sport variant was lighter than the GT by 330 lb which was achieved by the use of carbon-fibre body panels on the exterior and in the interior. The Super Sport could attain a top speed of 355 kph and could accelerate from 0-62 mph in 3.2 seconds.

Early in 1994, Formula One driver Michael Schumacher purchased a yellow EB 110 Super Sport, giving the company a great deal of publicity. Soon after this, the car that Schumacher bought gained further publicity when Schumacher accidentally crashed his EB110 into a truck and blamed "inadequate brakes" for the crash. Despite this, the car was repaired and Schumacher retained the car until 2003.

Derek Hill, son of American Formula One champion Phil Hill, was one of three drivers on a team that competed with an EB 110 in the United States at the 1996 24 Hours of Daytona.

Hard times hit the company in 1995 and as a result of chairman Artioli's over-ambitious purchase of Lotus Cars in addition to the company's quest to develop the EB112 four door saloon along with the negative exploitation of the company's suppliers, the company was bankrupt. Dauer Racing GmbH of Nuremberg, Germany, bought the semi-finished EB 110 cars in the assembly plant plus the parts inventory through the bankruptcy trustee. The remaining chassis were later developed by B Engineering into their Edonis sports car which uses the monocoque chassis of the EB 110 combined with a modified version of its engine.

Specifications
The car has a 60-valve, quad-turbocharged V12 engine fed through 12 individual throttle bodies, powering all four wheels through a six-speed manual transmission. The 3500 cc engine has a bore x stroke of 81x56.6 mm. The EB110 GT had a power output of 412 kW at 8,000 rpm and 611 Nm of torque at 3,750 rpm. The performance oriented Super Sport version had the engine tuned to a maximum power output of 450 kW at 8,250 rpm and 650 Nm of torque at 4,200 rpm.

The car uses a double wishbone suspension, with the chassis built by Aérospatiale, an aircraft company, and made from carbon fibre. Equipped with Gandini's trademark scissor doors, it has a glass engine cover that provides a view of the V12 engine. The GT is equipped with a speed-sensitive electronic rear wing and active air flaps near the rear window that can be raised at the flick of a switch manually, while the Super Sport has a fixed rear wing.

Performance
Official performance numbers for the Bugatti EB 110 GT are 0–60 mph in 3.4 seconds, 0–100 km/h in 3.46 seconds and a top speed of 212.5 mph.

Auto, Motor und Sport tested a Bugatti EB 110 GT with its engine generating a power output of 412 kW and published the following results:

 * 0–80 km/h: 2.6 seconds
 * 0–100 km/h: 3.6 seconds
 * 0–140 km/h: 6.5 seconds
 * 0–180 km/h: 10.8 seconds
 * 0–200 km/h: 14.0 seconds
 * Standing kilometre: 21.3 seconds
 * Top speed: 336 km/h

French automotive magazine Sport auto recorded a 0–100 km/h acceleration in 3.5 seconds, 0–1000 m time of 21.2 seconds and a top speed of 338 km/h.

Autocar tested the EB 110 GT on 16 March 1994:

 * 0–30 mi/h: 2.1 seconds
 * 0–60 mi/h: 4.5 seconds
 * 0–100 mi/h: 9.6 seconds
 * 0–150 mi/h: 23.2 seconds
 * 0–400 metre: 12.8 seconds at 115 mph
 * 0–1000 metre: 22.9 seconds at 150 mph
 * Braking 60-0 mi/h: 2.8 seconds

Official performance numbers for the Bugatti EB 110 SS are 0–60 mph in 3.14 seconds, 0–100 km/h in 3.26 seconds and a top speed of 220.6 mph.

Road & Track tested a Bugatti EB 110 Super Sport and published the following results:

 * 0–30 mi/h: 2.2 seconds
 * 0–40 mi/h: 2.7 seconds
 * 0–50 mi/h: 3.4 seconds
 * 0–60 mi/h: 4.4 seconds
 * 0–70 mi/h: 5.3 seconds
 * 0–80 mi/h: 6.8 seconds
 * 0–90 mi/h: 7.8 seconds
 * 0–100 mi/h: 9.1 seconds
 * 0–110 mi/h: 10.9 seconds
 * 0–120 mi/h: 12.6 seconds
 * Standing $1/4$ mile (402 m): 12.5 seconds at 119.5 mph
 * Braking 60-0 mph: 112 ft
 * Braking 80-0 mph: 209 ft

The testers suspected that the acceleration numbers could be lowered considerably by using the clutch more recklessly than they did.

French magazine Sport auto measured 0–100 km/h in 3.3 seconds, 0–400 m in 11.0 seconds, 0–1000 m in 19.8 seconds and a top speed of 351 km/h for the EB 110 Super Sport.

Dauer EB 110
Dauer Sportwagen in Nuremberg, Germany, bought the remaining stock of EB 110 parts from the Bugatti factory after the company went bankrupt in 1995. A complete spare parts catalogue, with exploded diagrams and part numbers was made by the company. Three Super Sport models and a GT model were finished between 1999 and 2000 with the Bugatti logo and minor modifications.

The remaining incomplete chassis were used between 2001 and 2002 to manufacture five significantly improved cars called the Dauer EB110 Super Sport Light Weight. Power output was increased to 481 kW, turbo lag was decreased and weight was reduced by 507 lbs with the use of a body made from carbon fibre. Top speed of the car was estimated at 230 mph, acceleration from a standstill to 97 km/h takes 3.3 seconds and the car covers the standing kilometre in 19 seconds. A power output increase to 526 kW with sports exhaust and modified ECU was available as factory option.

The company Dauer Sportwagen went bankrupt in 2008. All original Bugatti parts, including the high performance parts of the EB 110 Super Sport and the equipment, were bought in 2011 by the company Toscana-Motors GmbH located in Kaiserslautern, Germany.

B Engineering Edonis
The B Engineering Edonis is based on the Bugatti EB 110 Super Sport but has been extensively re-engineered, retaining little more than the carbon-fibre chassis from the original Bugatti sports car. It was conceived by Nicola Materazzi and styled by Marc Deschamps and introduced in 2000 with a complete exterior and interior redesign. The 3.5-litre Bugatti engine has had its displacement increased from 3,500 cc to 3,760 cc. The original four small IHI turbochargers have been replaced by two larger units from the same manufacturer. Engine power has been increased from 450 kW and 650 Nm of torque to 507 kW at 8,000 rpm and 735 Nm of torque. A version with 720 bhp set a speed of 359.6 km/h at the Nardo' proving ground in Italy.

In addition, the four-wheel-drive triple-differential drivetrain from the donor car has been replaced with a much simpler and lighter rear-wheel-drive transaxle, thus saving approximately 70 kg from the total weight. The car weighing 1500 kg has a power-to-weight ratio of 480 hp/ton. In addition, the engine's specific power output is an unprecedented 181 hp/litre. The brand claims a maximum speed of 365 kph while acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h being achieved in 3.9 seconds. All changes were aimed at simplifying many technical issues which had been chosen by Stanzani and Artioli but which Materazzi felt were "making the easy difficult by using the un-necessary".

B Engineering planned to produce just 21 examples of the Edonis out of the parts retained by the company of the original EB 110 when Bugatti S.p.A. went bankrupt.

Apart from manufacturing the Edonis, B Engineering also provides spare parts and service for the original EB 110.

Brabus EB 110
The Brabus EB 110 is a modified version of the EB 110 Super Sports by German automotive tuning company Brabus. The car has not received any exterior modifications by the company with most of the modifications done to the interior and engine. The car has a bi colour blue and black leather interior and a custom made quad pipe exhaust system. Engine modifications of the car along with its performance statistics remain unknown. This is the only EB 110 modified by the company. The car's existence was known after it was put on sale in 2013.

Motorsport
The EB 110 LM participated in the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1994. The car qualified a very competitive 17th overall and 5th in the GT1 class but did not finish the race. The car is now on display at the Lohéac Automobile Museum. A second car commissioned by wealthy pharmaceutical entrepreneur Martino Finotto also participated in the 1996 24 Hours of Daytona, but suffered a gearbox problem and did not finish.

title: Bugatti EB 110


text:
User talk:Fissure

Image:Hayleymills.jpg
What is the copyright status of that image Image:Hayleymills.jpg that you uploaded? —Stormie 00:37, Aug 3, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fissure


text:
Hasaki, Ibaraki

Hasaki (波崎町) was a town in Kashima District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 38,983 and a density of 570.93 persons per km2. The total area is 68.28 km2.

On August 1, 2005, Hasaki, along with the old town of Kamisu (also from Kashima District), was merged to create the city of Kamisu and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

title: Hasaki, Ibaraki


text:
Elenchus

Elenchus may refer to:
 * Elenchus (brachiopod) Gray, 1843, a genus of brachiopods that is a synonym of Weiningia
 * Elenchus (insect) Curtis, 1831, a parasitic insect genus in the family Elenchidae
 * Elenchus (book), a third-century book also known as Refutation of All Heresies
 * Method of elenchus, a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue, that is the central technique of the Socratic method

title: Elenchus


text:
User:Travelyn

 Travelyn is the nickname for me, James Paul Gravelyn. I was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA, on February 8, 1954. I graduated from Grand Rapids Central High School in June of 1972, and the University of Michigan (BBA) in May of 1976. I immediately passed the Michigan Certified Public Accountant exam and started a career in accounting.

 I am currently married to the former Glenda Fay Purcell, born in Reidsville, North Carolina, USA, on September 16, 1952.

 Between the two of us we have six children and nine grandchildren. Above you see me with my two daughters, Casey Lee and Samantha Mae, in the fall of 2002, when they were 20 and 17 years old.

title: User:Travelyn


text:
User:Marisan~enwiki

William James Marisan, was born on April 30, 1953, in Seattle, Washington. He went to Washington State University from 1971-1973 completing a Bachelor of Arts in English Literature. In 1980 he returned to School and successfully completed a Masters in the English in 1982.

title: User:Marisan~enwiki


text:
Kashima District, Ibaraki

Kashima (鹿島郡) was a district located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district had an estimated population of 141,935 and a density of 404.21 persons per km2. The total area was 351.14 km2.

Mergers

 * On September 1, 1995 - the town of Kashima absorbed the village of Ōno to create the city of Kashima.
 * On August 1, 2005 - the town of Kamisu absorbed the town of Hasaki to create the city of Kamisu.
 * On October 11, 2005 - the town of Hokota absorbed the villages of Asahi and Taiyō to create the city of Hokota. Therefore, Kashima District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

title: Kashima District, Ibaraki


text:
Hokota, Ibaraki

Hokota (鉾田市) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 45,997 in 18,455 households and a population density of 221.6 persons per km². The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 34.1%. The total area of the city is 207.60 sqkm.

Geography
Hokota is located in central Ibaraki Prefecture, approximately 90 kilometers northeast of Tokyo and within 30 kilometers of Mito City, the prefectural capital. The eastern side of the city faces the Pacific Ocean and has a long shallow coastline from north to south. Most of the inland area is flat, and agriculture that takes advantage of the flat terrain and the mild climate is the core industry.

Surrounding municipalities
Ibaraki Prefecture
 * Kashima
 * Namegata
 * Omitama
 * Ōarai

Climate
Hokota has a Humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cold winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Hokota is 13.8 C. The average annual rainfall is 1468.5 mm with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.3 C, and lowest in January, at around 2.8 C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Hokota has remained relatively steady over the past 70 years.

History
The town of Hokota was created with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. The city of Hokota was established on October 11, 2005, from the merger of the former town of Hokota, and the villages of Asahi and Taiyō (all from Kashima District).

Government
Hokota has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 18 members. Hokota, together with neighboring Ōarai and Ibaraki, contributes two members to the Ibaraki Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Ibaraki 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
The economy of Hokota is primarily agricultural, with melons as a major cash crop.

Education

 * Hokota has ten public elementary schools and five public middle schools operated by the city government, and two public high schools operated by the Ibaraki Prefectural Board of Education.

Railway
- Kashima Rinkai Railway – Ōarai Kashima Line
 * Hinuma - Kashima-Asahi - Tokushuku - Shin-Hokota - Kitaurakohan - Taiyō

Local attractions

 * Otake Beach
 * Kashima Littoral Park

Notable people from Hokota

 * Tetsuya Asano, soccer player

title: Hokota, Ibaraki


text:
Thomas Carter

Thomas Carter may refer to:

Entertainment

 * Thomas Carter (composer) (1769–1800), Irish composer
 * Thomas Carter (director) (born 1953), American actor and film director
 * Charles Thomas Carter (c. 1735–1804), Irish composer

Politics

 * Thomas Carter (1690–1763), Irish politician, MP for Trim, Hillsborough, Dungarvan, and Lismore
 * Thomas Carter (died 1726) (1650–1726), Irish politician, MP for Fethard and Portarlington
 * Thomas Carter (died 1835), British politician and Member of Parliament for Tamworth
 * Thomas Carter (Hull MP) (c. 1714–1767), English politician, MP for Kingston upon Hull 1747–1754
 * Thomas Carter (Old Leighlin MP) (1720–1765), Irish politician, MP for Old Leighlin 1745–1761
 * Thomas Carter (New Zealand politician) (1827–1900), third superintendent of Marlborough Province
 * Thomas Carter (TD) (1882–1951), Irish Sinn Féin/Cumann na nGaedhael/Fianna Fáil politician
 * Thomas Carter (Virginia politician) (1731–1803), Virginia delegate
 * Thomas H. Carter (1854–1911), American politician from Montana

Religion

 * Thomas Carter (minister) (1608–1684), English-born American Puritan minister
 * Thomas Carter (Dean of Tuam) (fl. early 19th century), Irish Anglican priest
 * Thomas Thellusson Carter (1808–1901), English Protestant clergyman

Sports

 * Thomas Nevile Carter (1851–1879), English footballer
 * Thomas Carter (wrestler) (born 1974), American professional wrestler known as Reckless Youth

Other

 * Thomas Carter (ornithologist) (1863–1931), English ornithologist active in Australia
 * Thomas Carter (writer) (died 1867), British Army clerk and military writer
 * Thomas Carter (inventor), inventor of Carterfone
 * Thomas Francis Carter (1882–1925), American scholar who wrote about the origins of printing in China
 * Thomas Henry Carter (soldier) (1831–1908), American army officer
 * Thomas L. Carter, commercial pilot and major general in the Air Force Reserve Command
 * Thomas S. Carter (1921–2019), American engineer, president of Kansas City Southern Railway
 * Thomas Carter of the Carter Brothers, partner of the California railroad car manufacturing firm

title: Thomas Carter