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Denise Restout

Denise Theresa Restout (24 November 1915 – 9 March 2004 ) was a French keyboard teacher, expert on German and French Baroque performance practice for the keyboard. She was assistant, protégé, domestic partner, editor, and biographer for noted harpsichordist Wanda Landowska.

Biography
Born in Paris to Fernand and Juliette (née Frangois) Restout, she earned a Certificate of Primary Studies with honors from the public schools in Paris. She later studied drawing, geometry, history of arts, and painting at the Bazot Studios in Paris, and was admitted to the School of Applied Arts in 1928. Two years later, she received the Frist Medal of the National Conservatory of Music in 1930.

She studied piano, harmony, counterpoint, musicology, voice and organ with expert teachers, and harpsichord, along with keyboard repertoire of the 15th and 18th centuries, with Wanda Landowska, beginning in 1933. Restout worked for a time at the Pleyel Company factory in France. In 1933, she began studying the harpsichord with Landowska and the organ with Joseph Bonnet.

As a performer, Restout appeared at Landowska's public master classes in France, the Netherlands and Strasbourg. Landowska, a naturalized French citizen of Polish-Jewish descent, and Restout escaped Saint-Leu-la-Forêt, France, during the Nazi advance in 1940, and arrived in the United States on 7 December 1941 at Ellis Island, the day Pearl Harbor was attacked.

When Landowska died on 16 August 1959, Restout inherited her estate including her papers and collection of musical instruments. She continued to teach at the Landowska Center, their home in Lakeville, Connecticut until her death. Restout became a naturalized United States citizen in 1961. Three years later, in 1964, she published, with the assistance of Robert Hawkins of The Hotchkiss School, Landowska on Music, a collection of Landowska's writings on music, which included material from Musique ancienne which Restout translated into English from the original French, and many of the master-class notes that Restout had saved during their flight from France.

Restout was a faculty member (at large) of the now-defunct Barlow School in Amenia, Dutchess County, New York, the Peabody Conservatory of Music, the Hartt School, University of Southern Mississippi, and Purchase College. Later in life, Restout was organist at Saint Mary's Roman Catholic church in Lakeville, Connecticut. She was awarded the Amicus Poloniae citation by the government of Poland. Restout died in 2004, aged 88, at St. Francis Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut.

title: Denise Restout


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of song titles phrased as questions

Yet another useless, though mildly amusing trivia list. Delete. Postdlf 18:15, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Nothing wrong with this having this list.  RickK 18:29, Jul 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. It's one of many lists of songs, which many Wikipedians find valuable. To date, it has received 388 contributions from 82 different registered users (i.e., not counting Docu or the many anonymous contributors). -- Jeff Q 18:45, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, lists of song trivia have been established as encyclopedic since the List of songs where the title does not appear in the lyrics case of March 2003 [. - [[User:SimonP|SimonP]] 20:07, Jul 20, 2004 (UTC)
 * It's an odd sort of list, but it seems like a reasonable enough thing to keep. FZ 20:12, 20 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Cute and weird at the same time. I admit adding an entry to it a few minutes ago.  I mean, how could anyone have missed "If I Fell" by The Beatles?  Might be fun at parties.  Tentative keep. - Lucky 6.9 00:34, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Et tu, Brute? ; )  So why delete the List of theme songs which mention their show in the lyrics listed above?  So far consensus is to delete that article, which I can't distinguish in value from the one that is being kept here.  Postdlf 03:08, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep, if only for the sake of searchability and curiousity. Kaelus 06:53, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I'll be in the minority on this, I expect, but I vote delete. I wish we did have a Wikitrivia that could take all these daft lists. Average Earthman 13:14, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. Harmless, potentially useful.  Haven't you ever put together a mix tape of "songs about trains" or "songs with curse words in them"?  Jgm 23:03, 21 Jul 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Splott

Splott (Y Sblot) is a district and community in the south of the city of Cardiff, capital of Wales, just east of the city centre. It was built up in the late 19th century on the land of two farms of the same name: Upper Splott and Lower Splott Farms. Splott is characterised by its once vast steelworks and rows of tightly knit terraced houses. The suburb of Splott falls into the Splott electoral ward.

Fanciful suggestions for the origin of the name have included a truncation of God's Plot, as the land belonged to the Bishop of Llandaff in medieval times, and a derivation of plat, meaning a grassy area of land. The name of the original farm would seem to be Middle English splott, from Old English ('speck, blot, patch of land') and the word is to be found in other English place names in the Vale of Glamorgan, Gower, and Pembrokeshire, as well as in Somerset and Devon, in the West Country of England, from where it was presumably introduced by English settlers. It has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names.

The population of Splott in the United Kingdom Census 2001 was 12,074, in 5,101 households, of which only 183 are detached homes. Of the 8,221 adults in the area, only 1,000 have the lowest category of qualifications (Level 1 or below). In 2011 the population had increased to 13,261.

History
Splott is a traditional part of the City of Cardiff. Most of the housing stock is Victorian in origin built during the expansion of the city's iron and steel industry to house workers in these factories.

The early history of Splott is given in the Cardiff Records. This says that "Splott was anciently held by the Bawdrips of Penmark. It consisted mainly of two farms, called the Upper and Lower Splott, situated between Roath Village and the sea."
 * 1440 – the Splott is mentioned as bounding certain lands of Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester and Warwick.
 * 1596 – William Bawdrip of Penmark built a fair house at the Splott and made it his chief residence.
 * 1626 – William Bawdrip of Splott was Member of Parliament for Cardiff. He sold Penmark and Splott to Sir Edward Lewis of the Van.
 * 1638 – Sir Edward Lewis of the Van died.
 * 1740 – the Llandaff Survey of this year mentions a chief rent of four shillings as payable in respect of Splott Farm in Roath.

No residential or industrial development took place in the area, however, until the end of the 19th century. In 1880 the whole area between Cardiff and the Bristol Channel (known as East Moors) was marshland, apart from the farms of Pengam and Splott. Residential development started in the 1880s, constructing streets, houses, shops, taverns and Board Schools; subsequently, Churches were built by various denominations. The streets and housing were laid out by Habershon & Fawckner, architects for the Tredegar Estate. Splott park opened in 1901.

Inevitably there have been many changes in the years since Splott was first developed. Portmanmoor Road is now an industrial estate and its former Victorian era housing was demolished along with adjoining Enid Street, Layard Street, and Menelaus Street which no longer exist.

There is a strong community focus and this is centred on churches, schools, pubs and sporting teams. Roman Catholics remain well catered for through St. Albans and the associated school. This continues to produce rugby teams of all age groups which compete in city leagues. Splott University Settlement was one of the most successful British baseball teams, winning the Welsh League title several times.

Bridgend Street was one of the 17 streets demolished in the early 1970s, but to this day is recalled in the name of Bridgend Street Football Club, which plays in the Welsh Football League. The nickname of Bridgend Street is "The Mission" and motto is "Deeds Not Words". Their home base is The Fleurs Social Club on Portmanmoor Road.

In 2016 the Tremorfa district, which had previously been included as part of Splott, became a local government community in its own right. There is no community council for the Splott or Tremorfa areas.

In July 2017 the derelict citadel church collapsed with debris falling on the nearby rail line. One man died.

The Welsh language
The earliest known example of Welsh-language literature from Splott is a poem by the Elizabethan poet Dafydd Benwyn on the death of William Bawdrip of Splott. It includes the couplet:

With the growth of Splott as a suburb of Cardiff, English was established as the main language.

The number of Welsh speakers in the area increased when East Moors Steelworks was opened in 1891 with large numbers of workers from the parent plant at Dowlais near Merthyr Tydfil. To meet the religious needs of these Welsh-speaking workers, Welsh-language chapels were opened in the area, including Ainon, Walker Road (1894, Welsh Baptists); Bethlehem, Eyre Stree (1895, Welsh Independents); and Jerusalem, Manon Street/Walker Road (1892, Calvinistic Methodists).

According to the 2011 UK Census the number of Splott residents over three years old who could speak Welsh was 1,077 (8.6%).

Splott has one Welsh-medium primary school, Ysgol Glan Morfa.

People

 * John Humphrys (radio and TV presenter) was born in Splott.
 * Dame Shirley Bassey (singer) originated from nearby Tiger Bay, but moved to Splott at the age of two and attended Moorland Primary School and Splott Secondary Modern School.
 * Clive Sullivan (Welsh rugby league player) grew up in Splott.
 * Helen Raynor, writer of the Torchwood episode "Ghost Machine", which is also largely set there, lives in Splott.
 * Lynn Bowles, the morning traffic reporter on BBC Radio 2, was born in Splott.

Popular culture

Splott is featured in the third episode ("Ghost Machine") of the BBC science fiction drama and Doctor Who spin-off Torchwood, which is set in Cardiff. It is also mentioned somewhat humorously in other episodes, due to its English pronunciation, which was referred to as "SP-LO-T" but was corrected as "SP-LO". Splott also features in the Torchwood novel Another Life.

Splott and the neighbouring district of Tremorfa are the settings for several works by Welsh playwright Peter Gill.

Because the morning BBC Radio 2 traffic reports are read by the Splott-born Lynn Bowles, many listener contributions to the Terry Wogan and Ken Bruce shows feature (primarily fictitious) anecdotes humorously referring to the district. Lynn was affectionately known as "The Totty from Splotty". On 14 December 2009, Wogan was made Lord of Splott live on his radio programme in its final week, by resident and broadcaster Noreen Bray. She invested him on behalf of TAFFS, or Terry's Adoring Fans From Splott.

Splott is the setting of “Iphigenia in Splott”, a modern-day reworking of the classic Greek drama, by Welsh playwright Gary Owen. It premiered at Cardiff's Sherman Theatre in 2015, before transferring to the National Theatre in London and the 59E59 Theaters in New York in 2016.

Governance
Splott is also an electoral ward and parish of Cardiff, Wales. The electoral ward includes the areas of Pengam Green, Splott and Tremorfa. The ward is bounded by Adamsdown and Penylan to the northwest; Rumney and Trowbridge to the north east; the Severn estuary to the south east and Butetown to the south west. It is a multi-member ward, with three councillors. The ward has generally returned Labour party candidates, including Jack Brooks, who served two terms as Leader of South Glamorgan County Council. Gordon Houlston was a Splott Labour Councillor for over 30 years and was Chairman of South Glamorgan County Council, and Deputy Lord Mayor and Lord Mayor of the City of Cardiff. He was made a Papal Knight (KSG) by Pope John Paul 2 for services to the Catholic Church.

Since May 2017, the ward has been represented by Welsh Labour Councillors Jane Henshaw, Ed Stubbs, and Huw Thomas. Huw Thomas is also the current Leader of Cardiff Council.

In the UK Parliament, Splott is part of the constituency of Cardiff South and Penarth. Its most prominent MP was former Labour Prime Minister James Callaghan. The current MP is Labour's Stephen Doughty, first elected in 2012.

In the Welsh Senedd, Splott is part of the constituency of Cardiff South and Penarth, whose current MS is Labour's Vaughan Gething, first elected in 2011.

Splott Green Hub
In October 2018, two Splott residents Rebecca Clark and Hannah Garcia, launched a public campaign to stop the local council from selling land near Railway Street in Splott for development. A petition protesting against the decision gathered more than 2,500 signatures within five days.

Green City, also known as Green Squirrel, are a community-led environmental group that want to transform the unused site into a new eco-friendly social hub for Splott and Adamsdown. The campaign successfully stopped the sale and the council have now leased the land to the group for community benefit.

According to the 2014 Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation, Splott and Adamsdown are among the most deprived areas of Wales, and both wards have an open space deficit compared to the standard recreational open space requirement for Cardiff. It is hoped that the Railway Street site can be used to help improve the local community and support other green projects in the area.

According to the project website, plans could include a sustainable community hub building for workshops and events as well as affordable shipping containers for small businesses. Food growing and composting areas, bee hives and other wildlife habitats could also be created on the land to support local biodiversity and outdoor play and learning.

Cardiff districts
Splott is part of the STAR area of Cardiff (STAR stands for Splott, Tremorfa, Adamsdown and Roath, four inner city suburbs born out of the industrial revolution). The former STAR Centre leisure facility is located in Splott (although this was closed when the new STAR Hub was opened and the former STAR Centre was then utilized by the NHS). Splott Pool was also closed and demolished to make way for the new STAR Hub, that opened in September 2016.

The area is served by Splott Library (within the new hub) and Roath Library. The latter was re-located to the Cardiff Royal Infirmary after the previous branch library building on Newport Road was closed due to prohibitive renovation costs. In January 2017, plans were announced for a new permanent library and cafe in the former hospital chapel. In 2018, a deal was made for the previous library building to be taken over by a local dance organization.

title: Splott


text:
Birchgrove

Birchgrove may refer to:

 * Birchgrove, West Sussex, a location in England

Australia

 * Birchgrove, New South Wales, a suburb in the municipality of Leichhardt
 * Birchgrove Park, a park and sports ground

Wales

 * Birchgrove, Cardiff, a district in the city of Cardiff
 * Birchgrove, Swansea, a community and large village in the city and county of Swansea

title: Birchgrove


text: User talk:63.231.136.172

title: User talk:63.231.136.172


text:
Talk:Short squeeze

Anyone know what happened to the Gamma squeeze page?
Does anyone know why the gamma squeeze page was deleted? It was well sourced, and highlighted an important concept within finance that augments the impact of short squeezes particularly when call options are used. I remember in the Talk page for some strange reason someone took Political umbrage to it?!? Not sure why. It’s a concept in finance related to the convexity inherent in options. About as political as math.

Should someone bring the page back ? A google search indicates that its disappearance has been the topic of considerable online speculation and the topic is covered in many non Wikipedia places. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1002:B027:21DA:F091:5C1:6EA8:908F (talk) 07:23, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I wondered too, about Gamma squeeze article. I have located the deleted page, which was deleted for being a copy paste from another source, I think. I will try to resurrect the article, free of WP:COPYVIO problems. It is referenced on several extant WP pages already.--FeralOink (talk) 15:21, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

Untitled
Short squeeze seems to be a phrase that is often used, yet difficult to provide anecdotal evidence it actually happens. That is what prompted me to come to this site. I'm looking for anecdotal evidence it actually happens. And furthermore, what happens when a short squeeze occurs when the shorts are NAKED shorts.

The lead is wrong
Short sellers sell stock because they believe it is overvalued by the market. That IS fundamental investing. The cited source even states that explicitly.--FeralOink (talk) 03:28, 23 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't get your edit. Short squeezes are not just shorts covering, it's short covering and thereby driving up the value to completely crazy levels out of line with the fundamentals. The cited source may have been inadequate, but the description was correct. Will WP:BRD later on.--JBchrch (talk) 09:10, 23 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Don't revert me yet please. Let me rephrase it and explain here on the talk page. I'm working on it now.--FeralOink (talk) 07:28, 24 February 2021 (UTC)
 * , any news? :)--JBchrch (talk) 17:44, 28 February 2021 (UTC)
 * , I'm so sorry! Give me another 24 hours please?--FeralOink (talk) 20:06, 4 March 2021 (UTC)

GME example is factually incorrect
The GME Example for a short squeeze is factually incorrect. GME did not have a short squeeze, which would require the Shorters to cover their positions due to their risk tolerance being maxed out. A good example was the VW squeeze in 2008 which the Shorts HAD to cover their positions or absorb infinitely growing losses, but that action did not occur during the GME rally. The January rally was momentum due to the possibility that a squeeze could occur if the stock kept rising. — Preceding unsigned comment added by FkaTheLastMejia (talk • contribs) 13:14, 26 March 2021 (UTC)
 * Hi, do you have any reliable source to back this statement? JBchrch (talk) 13:17, 26 March 2021 (UTC)

"Sell high, buy low" addition should be re-instated.
On Jan 31 2021 I added this to the intro, but it has been reverted: ("Sell high, buy low" -- a reversal of the usual adage) I maintain that it should remain, because most people do not understand short selling, yet they have heard "Buy low, sell high", and "Sell high, buy low" describes short selling in a nutshell, in familiar terms. BMJ-pdx (talk) 12:04, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
 * I don't think that this many people have heard of "buy low, sell high" outside of the WSB/Motley Fool crowd. Besides, the "buy low, sell high" moto is generally linked to attempts at timing the market and not is particularly related to "long" positions. JBchrch (talk) 13:09, 17 May 2021 (UTC)

Move discussion in progress
There is a move discussion in progress on Talk:Gamma Squeeze which affects this page. Please participate on that page and not in this talk page section. Thank you. —RMCD bot 10:10, 10 September 2021 (UTC)

Don't perceptive buyers drive a short squeeze?
It is my understanding that a short squeeze occurs when investors who see a large short position in a stock buy the stock, which will tend to increase (artificially inflate?) the stock's price, for the purpose of pressuring (squeezing) short sellers to cover at the higher (inflated?) price. These buyers (and any others who notice) may profit by selling to the shorts and to anyone else who may be buying based on the price increase. I don't see anything about this purposeful buying to squeeze the shorts into covering in the article. —Finell 03:42, 27 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Short squeeze


text:
User talk:Jorrell

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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Good luck!

title: User talk:Jorrell


text:
Talk:Kathy Boudin

Wheather Underground Organization/ Weathermen
I think it should mention somewhere that she was a member of the Wheather Underground Organization

A much improved article
While the above assertions were correct at the time they were written, they no longer reflect the much longer article as it stands today. Larry Koenigsberg (talk) 17:16, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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External links modified
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External links modified
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Needs work
The article needs more sources and better sources. I have tagged it accordingly. SunCrow (talk)

Issues with a source
Hate to be a bother, but I tend to be one of those readers that like to look at source material and obviously this page is fraught with issues, what with all the 'citations needed' and what not. That isn't the direct issue.

I went to look up one of the sources about the adoptive parents (I was curious about what happened after Kathy was arrested and she had to give up her child) and it led me to the "No tears for dead cops" article. The first line is, and I quote, "Being the child of left-wing domestic terrorists means never having to say you're sorry."

The entire article is a very obvious jab at the son of Kathy Boudin, who I don't know, I live in the UK. I realise it does, in a round about way mention the adoptive parents near the bottom of the article, it's also filled with a lot of very subjective, almost angry rhetoric. Especially as it tells the story of the robbery, which is not told very well here in the wiki article considering there is very little citations to back up most of the claims. Example:

"They're the 1960s group of rich-kid radicals who bombed government buildings and corporate headquarters, aided convicted felons in jail breaks, and participated in a 1981 Brinks' armored car holdup in Nyack, N.Y., that took the lives of three innocent Americans in the name of "peace.""

Or

"Two of the holdup victims gunned down in the botched Brinks' robbery were police officers. One was a private security guard. All three were veterans from working-class backgrounds. Neither the Times nor any other media outlet that has breathlessly reported on Boudin's Rhodes scholarship win has even seen fit to print the names of the Nyack victims: Waverly Brown, Edward O'Grady, and Peter Paige."

This article is definitely taking a stance against Chesa Boudin, and that's fine, whatever. However, to actually get to the information about Boudin's adoptive parents you have to go through all of that which we can't verify because it's on a news website that has very little information about it. And Michelle Malkin does have a reputation as being partisan, I don't think we can deny that, even I've heard of her in the UK.

So I found you this link, it mentions his parents, and the adoptive parents, even their crimes and the entire situations, and I will admit is a glowing review of him as a rhodes scholar (I don't know when it was written I'm afraid) but is at least not written by him (so it's not 'here's my incredibly hard life') and not written by someone who works for Fox News who may have a bit of a issue with a running democrat?

https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/1155

Anyway, sorry again to be a bother, hope this will make it into consideration. I dreadfully hate going to read an article and finding something so very partisan, either way, as you can imagine. Cheers.

---

Thanks for expressing your desire for a more neutral POV; I am sorry that the commenter, below, does not seem to recognize or accept that principle, nor do they –and this is the more salient comment—seem to recognize that 'opinion" blogs are not the same as news sources. Actio (talk) 21:48, 12 November 2019 (UTC)

IT is not a sign of immoderate prejudice for an article about a convicted murderer to contain a bit of anger, in my humble opinion. 70.127.17.241 (talk) 19:06, 10 October 2019 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 16:37, 25 June 2020 (UTC)
 * Kathy Boudin FBI wanted poster issued 1 May 1970.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 08:53, 21 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Kathy Boudin FBI wanted poster issued 1 May 1970.jpg

Recent death
She died. It was reported in RS's. She died on May 1, 2022. It should be mentioned in the article. Also, good riddance to her. Joseph A. Spadaro (talk) 03:36, 3 May 2022 (UTC)
 * That's in the article already. Someone also made a pass to past-tensify everything. There might be new content to add from the obituaries, hopefully some of which can support the uncited info currently in the article. Firefangledfeathers (talk / contribs) 04:52, 3 May 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 02:48, 14 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Kathy Boudin FBI wanted poster issued 1 May 1970.jpg

Lead description
, I started this section for you to convince others that your lead changes are warranted. Can you meet the threshold of MOS:TERRORIST: ? Firefangledfeathers (talk / contribs) 13:24, 21 June 2022 (UTC)

 * There are two books premised on "law enforcement" sources that discuss KB's role in Brinks, John Castellucci's "The Big Dance" and William Rosenau's "Tonight We Bombed the Capitol." I've read both. (There is also Susan Braudy's "Family Circle" about the Boudin family, but that has a different focus.) Neither author could get interviews with the principals or access to their private papers, if any. Are there even-handed histories of WUO or M19CO (a/k/a Armed Resistance Unit)? One problem is that participants who later renounced their former views and actions (including Boudin, Mark Rudd, Bernardine Dohrn, Susan Rosenberg, and others) nevertheless have not been willing to candidly describe much about what they and others actually did and what they were thinking, particularly in their alliances with the Black Liberation Army and with Puerto Rican nationalists.PDGPA (talk) 02:42, 22 June 2022 (UTC)
 * The US Department of Justice describes KB as a member of a terrorist family in https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/big-dance-untold-story-kathy-boudin-and-terrorist-family-committed
 * The Telegraph, a reputable paper, describes KB as a terrorist: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2022/05/06/kathy-boudin-terrorist-weather-underground-turned-life-around/
 * The Times describes KB as a 'former' terrorist: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/kathy-boudin-obituary-cr6537f0m
 * These are accurate and reliable sources which support the description of KB as a domestic terrorist, in that she used violence to achieve political aims. She was also jailed for murder during a robbery to support a terrorist organisation. Topcat1066 (talk) 09:04, 22 June 2022 (UTC)
 * Also, comparisons with Timothy McVeigh are valid. I note that he is described as a domestic terrorist. KB committed acts of murder in support of terrorism also. Topcat1066 (talk) 09:06, 22 June 2022 (UTC)
 * The Telegraph piece does not call Boudin a terrorist outside of the headline (see WP:HEADLINE) and the Times article is an opinion piece (see WP:RSOPINION). Castellucci's book is not affiliated with the Justice Department, they're just hosting a summary. I don't believe The Big Dance ever refers to Boudin herself as a terrorist. If it does, please supply a page number so I can check. Even if it does, this does not come close to the "widely used by reliable sources" threshold of MOS:TERRORIST. Boudin has been the subject of hundreds of news articles and many books and peer-reviewed articles. With a body of sources that large, even a small handful of sources can't be considered "wide". Per WP:ONUS: "The onus to achieve consensus for inclusion is on those seeking to include disputed content." You have not met that onus, and I urge you to self-revert until you have. Firefangledfeathers (talk / contribs) 14:31, 22 June 2022 (UTC)
 * your recent reversion is hard to understand. You cite lack of consensus, but the status quo ante version usually stays up during discussion. Do you think we need to add a source that supports "radical leftist activist"? That's well supported by the body of the article (see WP:LEADCITE). Your reversion also restored an error to the article, as the Brinks robbery was not a "bank robbery". Please self-revert and build consensus for your changes here. Please also provide the page number for the book citation you claim supports "terrorist" and address the issue above about MOS:TERRORIST's threshold. Firefangledfeathers (talk / contribs) 02:58, 29 June 2022 (UTC)
 * As one of the few other editors who appears to have taken an interest in this dispute, I will weigh in to say that I do not see Topcat making a good faith effort to satisfy WP standards under the Manual of Style as pointed out by Firefangledfeathers. Simply to cite back to FFF the same rules they have highlighted, without an effort to conform to those standards, seems more petulant than fair-minded. For example, the DOJ reference is to the publisher's promotional summary of a book, as reprinted in a card catalog entry in a DOJ library; it is not a cite to the source itself, assuming that source does supported your "terrorist" label for Boudin in particular. You also reverted an edit of mine that merely clarified simple facts that are well supported by all the cited sources. For example, Boudin pleaded guilty, quite appropriately, to "felony murder"; to change this to "murder" would tend to mislead a less-informed reader. (The term "murder" conjures up the sort of conduct engaged in by her co-defendant who fired a gun directly at a wounded police officer, intending to kill him.) Similarly, an armored car robbery is not a "bank robbery," even if the armored car is servicing a bank; why say otherwise? Does any reliable source describe the 1981 Nyack fiasco as a "bank robbery"? Boudin's role, as the sources say, was to act as a decoy (being a white woman) in a getaway switch-car for a group of black, male, armed robbers. It is no whitewash of the case to say so. If the robbery was an act of "terrorism," fairly defined (which I do not believe it was), then willingly participating in it might fairly cause reliable sources to describe her as a "terrorist" despite her lesser role. Do they? PDGPA (talk) 21:10, 3 July 2022 (UTC)
 * I restored the version before the disputed edits. It's been a couple weeks with no talk page engagement or attempts to build consensus. Firefangledfeathers (talk / contribs) 23:01, 4 July 2022 (UTC)
 * @Firefangledfeathers maybe BLPN now? Doug Weller  talk 08:48, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * FWIW, I agree with Doug. The problematic user has refused to engage on the Talk Page, does not respond to specific points of disagreement, and is making no effort to edit in accord with WP policies and standards. Unfortunately, I do not have time today to do this myself. PDGPA (talk) 13:55, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * , thanks for the advice. Topcat1066 was just blocked for a month, do you think BLPN is a good move anyway? Firefangledfeathers (talk / contribs) 15:15, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
 * @Firefangledfeathers good block, so no, not unless the problem recurs.  Doug Weller  talk 15:22, 11 July 2022 (UTC)

If TopCat is blocked, why is the latest/current edit on the article theirs? PDGPA (talk) 18:36, 11 July 2022 (UTC)

 * No good reason. I reverted. Firefangledfeathers (talk / contribs) 02:15, 12 July 2022 (UTC)

Short description
@GhostInTheMachine edited my prior Short Description from "American radical activist and college prof." to "American activist and robber (1943-2022)." I can see and agree that "college prof" (Boudin's final activity for many years) is not her most notable, but "robber" is really not accurate. I'm not sure what word or two would elaborate on "radical activist" (if any is needed in the short description) to capture the key facts, which would seem to be her role as a founder and longest-standing participant in the Weather Underground, ending with her ancillary role in the tragic Brink's armored truck robbery-fiasco. But her most notable activity is not best captured as "robber," it seems to me. PDGPA (talk) 19:19, 10 September 2023 (UTC)

 * I like just "radical activist", and it means we can fit in the dates. Firefangledfeathers (talk / contribs) 00:49, 11 September 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Kathy Boudin


text:
User talk:Headgasket

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

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title: User talk:Headgasket


text:
DRYAD

The DRYAD Numeral Cipher/Authentication System (KTC 1400 D) is a simple, paper cryptographic system employed by the U.S. military for authentication and for encryption of short, numerical messages. Each unit with a radio is given a set of matching DRYAD code sheets. A single sheet is valid for a limited time (e.g. 6 hours), called a cryptoperiod.

A DRYAD cipher sheet contains 25 lines or rows of scrambled letters. Each line is labeled by the letters A to Y in a column on the left of the page. Each row contains a random permutation of the letters A through Y. The letters in each row are grouped into 10 columns labeled 0 through 9. The columns under 0, 1, 2 and 5 have more letters than the other digits, which have just two each.

While crude, the DRYAD Numeral Cipher/Authentication System has the advantage of being fast, relatively easy and requires no extra equipment (such as a pencil). The presence of more cipher-text columns under the digits 0, 1, 2 and 5, is apparently intended to make ciphertext frequency analysis more difficult. But much of the security comes from keeping the cryptoperiod short.

DRYAD can be used in two modes, authentication or encryption.

Authentication
For authentication, a challenging station selects a letter at random from the left most column followed by a second (randomly selected) letter in the row of the first chosen letter. The station being challenged would then authenticate by picking the letter directly below the row and position of the second letter selected.

For example, using the example cipher sheet to the right and the NATO phonetic alphabet, Jason could challenge Peggy by transmitting "authenticate Alpha Bravo". Peggy's correct response would then be "authenticate Yankee".

Another form used involves selecting the third letter to the right of the second letter chosen by the challenging station (Jason's "Bravo" letter). Both the directional offset (up, down, left or right) and numeral offset can be values different from the examples given here, but must be agreed upon and understood by both parties before authentication.

One problem presented is that an enemy impersonator has a one in 25 chance of guessing the correct response (one in 24 if a letter is selected from the same row). A solution to this is for Jason to require Peggy to authenticate twice; lowering the impersonator's odds of guessing the correct response to one in 625. The downside to this method is reduced longevity of the current DRYAD page, since the page is getting twice as much use as a single-authentication scheme.

Encryption
The second mode is used to encrypt short numeric information (such as map coordinates or a new radio frequency). The coder arbitrarily selects two letters at random. The first letter designates a row in the current active page. The second one is used similarly to the authentication mode, except that the letter immediately to the right is selected. This selected letter is called the "SET LETTER."

Numbers are enciphered one digit at a time. A ciphertext letter is chosen from the selected row (the row designated by the SET LETTER) in the column under the plain text digit. If the digit occurs more than once in the number, the coder is instructed to choose a different letter in the same column. All the digits in a single plaintext number are encoded from the same row. (There is also a provision for encoding letters associated with map grid coordinates.)

title: DRYAD


text:
Justine Pasek

Yostin Lissette "Justine" Pasek Patiño is a Panamanian model, and beauty queen who was crowned Miss Universe 2002. Originally the first runner-up at the Miss Universe 2002 competition, Pasek became the first ever runner-up to be crowned the winner after the removal of original winner Oxana Fedorova.

Early life
Pasek was born in Kharkiv, USSR, to a Panamanian mother and a Polish father; her mother was a homemaker, while her father was an engineer. Despite her birth name being Yostin, Pasek was raised being affectionately referred to by her Polish name Justyna. She is the eldest of three children. The family resided in Soviet Ukraine for one year, and later moved to the village of Wożuczyn, near Zamość in southeastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. After her mother finished her studies in chemistry, the family left Poland and settled in Panama City, where Pasek was raised.

She has been the image model of numerous international brands and is a Goodwill Ambassador of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). In 2016, Pasek is the co-owner of the Señorita Panamá Organization and new national director for Miss Universe.

Career

Pasek's start in the modelling world took place when she joined the "Chica Modelo" (a model search) contest in 1996 where she won the award for Best Editorial Model. It also gave her the chance to work for Physical Modelos, her official modeling agency as of today.

Pageantry

After participating in the national contest Señorita Panamá 2001 on August 30, 2001; she won the Señorita Panamá Universe title, and represented her country at Miss Universe 2002, at the Coliseo Roberto Clemente, San Juan, Puerto Rico on May 29, 2002. She finished as first runner-up.

Four months after the pageant, Pasek became the first woman to assume the crown when the reigning Miss Universe Oxana Fedorova was removed by the organization for not fulfilling the duties stipulated in her contract. Pasek became the first Panamanian and Central American Miss Universe.

Pasek was formally crowned Miss Universe 2002 by then pageant co-owner Donald Trump in New York City. Pasek also received the Mikimoto Crown worth $250,000 in addition to an extensive prize package. As Miss Universe, Pasek represented the Miss Universe Organization. A self-described "citizen of the world", Pasek has since traveled to Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, Egypt, Aruba, Ecuador, Peru, Cuba, Canada, Mexico, and the United States. She championed the cause against HIV/AIDS and established the first HIV/AIDS prevention center in her country. As part of her year-long reign as Miss Universe, she lived in New York City in a riverside apartment provided by the Miss Universe Organization. She worked with the Global Health Council, the Harvard AIDS Institute, AmFAR, and the Centers for Disease Control's "Act Now" campaign.

title: Justine Pasek


text:
User:Zocky/FA Tomorrow

This page lists the article that has been selected by the Featured Article Dictator to appear on the Main page tomorow at xx:xx UTC.

This is the last chance to tweak the article before it goes live on the Main page, so please help us put the finishing touches on it. Major rewrites are not a good idea at this point.

You can leave your comments on the choice here. As cycling the featured article on the main page is a time-critical procedure, only grave issues with the article will be considered (copyright violations, controversies which are likely to attract vandalism,...).

The Featured Article Dictator will read the comments and then freely choose between the selected article and the provided alternate.

The current Featured Article Dictator is User:Raul654.

The featured article for tomorrow: article1

the alternate (only in case of serious mishaps): article2  Please add your comments under the line :

title: User:Zocky/FA Tomorrow


text:
Joan Bakewell

Joan Dawson Bakewell, Baroness Bakewell, (née Rowlands; born 16 April 1933), is an English journalist, television presenter and Labour Party peer. Baroness Bakewell is president of Birkbeck, University of London; she is also an author and playwright, and has received a Humanist of the Year award for services to humanism.

Early life and education
Bakewell was born on 16 April 1933 in Heaton Moor, Stockport, Cheshire, England, and moved to Hazel Grove before she was three. Both her grandfathers were factory workers: the Rowlands branch stemmed from the lead mining villages of the Ystwyth valley, in Wales. Her great-grandfather moved to Salford, where he was a preacher in the Church Army. Her grandfather was an iron turner. On the maternal side, her grandfather was a cooper in Ardwick Brewery. The family lived in Gorton, a district of Manchester.

Bakewell was educated at Stockport High School for Girls, a grammar school in local authority control, where she became head girl. She won a scholarship and attended Newnham College, Cambridge, where she studied Economics, then History, and joined the Marshall Society and the Mummers Acting Society.

Broadcasting
Joan Bakewell began her career as a studio manager for BBC Radio, before moving into television. Bakewell then left after a year to try supply teaching. She then became an advertising copywriter with McCann Erickson, then with Hobson Bates, and later David Williams Ltd. In the early 60s Bakewell was TV presenter for ATV’s Sunday Break, Southern Television’s Home at 4.30, BBC’s Meeting Point and the BBC series The Second Sex.

She first became known as one of the presenters of the BBC2 programme Late Night Line-Up (1965–72 and 2008). Frank Muir dubbed her "the thinking man's crumpet" during this period and the moniker stuck, but Bakewell herself dislikes the epithet. In 1968, she took the role of narrator of the BBC TV production of Cold Comfort Farm, a three-part serial, and played a TV interviewer in the 1960s film The Touchables.

Bakewell co-presented Reports Action, a Sunday teatime programme which encouraged the public to donate their services to various good causes, for Granada Television in 1976–78. In the 1970s Bakewell worked for both the BBC: "Where is Your God?", "Who Cares" "The Affirmative Way" and  many Holiday Programmes between 1974 and 1978. Bakewell starred in 4 series of Granada’s pioneering Reports Action, a series that first encouraged the public to contribute goods and services to good causes. Subsequently, she returned to the BBC, and co-presented a short-lived late-night television arts programme, briefly worked on the BBC Radio 4 PM programme, and was Newsnight's arts correspondent (1986–88). Arts coverage was then dropped from news programmes in the era of John Birt's changes to the BBC. Bakewell switched to being the main presenter of the ethics documentary series Heart of the Matter, which she presented for 12 years. She resigned from the programme in 1999.

In 2001, Bakewell wrote and presented a four-part series for BBC Two called Taboo, a personal exploration of the concepts of taste, decency and censorship. The programme dealt frankly with sex and nudity and in some cases pushed the boundaries of what is permissible on mainstream television. Bakewell used frank language and "four-letter words" to describe pornography and sex toys. She watched a couple having sex while they were making a pornographic film and read out an "obscene" extract from the novel Tropic of Cancer by Henry Miller.

Taboo was referred to the Director of Public Prosecutions by the National Viewers' and Listeners' Association, then headed by John Beyer. Following the complaint, Bakewell faced the nominal prospect of being charged with blasphemous libel after she recited part of an erotic poem by James Kirkup concerning a Roman centurion's affection for Jesus, "The Love that Dares to Speak its Name". After its first publication in 1976, Denis Lemon, the editor of Gay News, had been given a nine-month suspended jail sentence. Bakewell later wrote that in the programme she "read this poem with extreme distaste and I hope that showed on my face." The Broadcasting Standards Commission rejected complaints from viewers.

On 26 May 2008, Bakewell introduced an archive evening on BBC Parliament called Permissive Night. The programme examined the liberalising legislation passed by Parliament in the late 1960s. Topics covered included changes to divorce law, the death penalty, the legalisation of abortion, the Race Relations Bill, the partial decriminalisation of homosexual acts (using editions of the documentary series Man Alive) and the relaxation of censorship. Permissive Night concluded with a special one-off edition of Late Night Line-Up which discussed the themes raised in the programmes over the course of the evening.

In 2009, she won the category Journalist of the Year at the annual Stonewall Awards.

In 2017, Bakewell was one of the minor hosts of the Channel 5 documentary series Secrets of the National Trust.

On Sky Arts, Bakewell co-hosted Portrait Artist of the Year and Landscape Artist of the Year, initially alongside Frank Skinner and later Stephen Mangan.

Writing
Bakewell writes for the British newspaper The Independent in the 'Editorial and Opinion' section. Typically, her articles concern aspects of social life and culture but sometimes she writes more political articles, often focusing on aspects relevant to life in the United Kingdom. Formerly, from 2003, she wrote the "Just Seventy" column for The Guardian newspaper. In September 2008 she began a fortnightly column in the Times2 section of The Times.

Her first novel was published in March 2009 by Virago Press. All the Nice Girls drew on her experiences in war-time Merseyside to tell the story of a school "adopting" a ship.

Public roles
She is chairman of the theatre company Shared Experience.

She is a Patron for the Plaza Cinema, Stockport.

It was announced in November 2010 that she would be awarded a life peerage, joining the Labour benches. She was created Baroness Bakewell, of Stockport in the County of Greater Manchester, on 21 January 2011, and formally introduced to the House of Lords on 25 January 2011 supported by fellow Labour peers Lord Puttnam and Baroness Kennedy.

In September 2017, Bakewell was elected co-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Humanist Group, the cross-party group which represents humanists in Parliament.

Views and advocacy
In 2008, Bakewell criticised the absence of older women on British television. She said: "I think the fact that people are phased out, people like Moira Stuart and Selina [Scott] – out of the public eye – when they become a certain age is a real disadvantage to serious broadcasting. There's a whole segment of the British population that does not see its equivalent in serious broadcasting and that is women over 55. Now, that is not healthy for a broadcasting organisation's relationship with its audience. The public should be represented on the screen in various colours, forms, sexualities, whatever."

In 2010, Bakewell criticised the side effects of the sexual revolution of the 1960s. She said: "I never thought I would hear myself say as much, but I'm with Mrs Whitehouse on this one. The liberal mood back in the '60s was that sex was pleasurable and wholesome and shouldn't be seen as dirty and wicked. The Pill allowed women to make choices for themselves. Of course, that meant the risk of making the wrong choice. But we all hoped girls would grow to handle the new freedoms wisely. Then everything came to be about money: so now sex is about money, too. Why else sexualise the clothes of little girls, run TV channels of naked wives, have sex magazines edging out the serious stuff on newsagents' shelves? It's money that's corrupted us and women are being used and are even collaborating."

In August 2014, Bakewell was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's referendum on that issue.

In March 2016, she commented in The Sunday Times that anorexia is connected with a general narcissism in 21st century western culture, and that "no-one has anorexia in societies where there is not enough food". Despite agreement with her assessment in some media, her comments also provoked strong criticism from social and print media, and an apology for hurt caused from Bakewell herself.

In April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Bakewell said that the Government should stop treating the elderly like "a crazy old people's club" and allow them to make their own choices on how best to ensure their personal safety.

Honours
She was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1999 Birthday Honours and was Chairman of the British Film Institute from 2000 to 2002. She was promoted to Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2008 Birthday Honours.

In 2007 She was awarded the Honorary degree of Doctor of Letters (D.Litt) from the University of Chester. On 20 July 2011, Bakewell was made an honorary graduate at the University of Essex (DU Essex).

Bakewell has also received honorary degrees from Queen Margaret’s University Edinburgh (2005), Royal Holloway London, University of the Arts (2008), Staffordshire University (2009), Lancaster University (2010), Newcastle University (2011), Open University (2010) and Manchester Metropolitan University (2013). She was made an Honorary Fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge in 2016.

In 2017, the charity Humanists UK awarded Bakewell its prize for Humanist of the Year, in recognition of her achievements in broadcasting and services to humanism and other good causes. In 2011 she was appointed Baroness Bakewell of Stockport.

Personal life
Bakewell's autobiography, The Centre of the Bed, was published in 2003 and concentrates on her experiences as a woman in the male-dominated media industry. It also details the extramarital affair Bakewell had with playwright Harold Pinter (between 1962 and 1969), while she was married to Michael Bakewell (the marriage lasted from 1955 to 1972) and Pinter was married to the actress Vivien Merchant. The affair was the basis for Pinter's 1978 play Betrayal, adapted in 1983 as a film. In 2017, Keeping in Touch, a play first written by Bakewell in 1978 in response to Betrayal, premiered on BBC Radio 4.

In 1975, she married Jack Emery, a British director, writer and producer for stage, TV and radio, who was 12 years her junior. The couple divorced in 2001. Bakewell said, "The age difference did matter, but other things mattered more."

In January 2023, Bakewell announced that she had been diagnosed with colon cancer.

Legacy
The Joan Bakewell Archive is housed at the British Library. The papers can be accessed through the British Library catalogue.

title: Joan Bakewell


text:
Braintree Rural District

Braintree Rural District was a rural district in the county of Essex, England. It was created in 1894. In 1934 the parish of Bocking was removed from the rural district and became part of the newly created Braintree and Bocking Urban District, thus dividing the rural district into two detached parts. It was named after Braintree and administered from Bocking.

Since 1 April 1974 it has formed part of the District of Braintree.

At the time of its dissolution it consisted of the following 20 civil parishes.

 * Bardfield Saling
 * Black Notley
 * Bradwell
 * Coggeshall
 * Cressing
 * Fairstead
 * Faulkbourne
 * Feering
 * Finchingfield
 * Great Bardfield
 * Great Saling
 * Hatfield Peverel
 * Kelvedon
 * Panfield
 * Rayne
 * Shalford
 * Stisted
 * Terling
 * Wethersfield
 * White Notley

title: Braintree Rural District


text:
Llanishen

Llanishen (Welsh Llanisien llan church + Isien Saint Isan) is a district and community in the north of Cardiff, Wales. Its population as of the 2011 census was 17,417.

Llanishen is the home of the former HMRC tax offices, the tallest buildings in north Cardiff and a landmark for miles around. The office complex overlooks the Crystal and Fishguard estates, the Parc Tŷ Glas industrial estate, Llanishen village, leafy suburban roads and parks that constitute the district. Llanishen is also home to a leisure centre and the former 60 acre Llanishen Reservoir, which is connected to a green corridor which bisects the city.

History
Originally wooded farm land, in A.D. 535 two monks came eastwards from the small religious settlement of Llandaff, aiming to establish new settlements, or "llans", in the land below Caerphilly Mountain. With fresh water from the Nant Fawr stream, one of the monks, Isan, founded his llan on the site of the modern day Oval Park.

In 1089 at the Battle of the Heath, the Normans fought the Welsh Celts north of the settlement. The victorious Normans expanded Llanishen, starting work on a church to the north which was completed in the 12th century.

Although Oliver Cromwell had ties with Llanishen and the neighbouring village of Lisvane, the village remained undisturbed until 1871, when the Rhymney Railway was given permission to break the stranglehold of the Taff Vale Railway into Cardiff Docks. Building a line from Caerphilly to Crockherbtown Junction just north of Cardiff Queen Street, its 1.5 mi tunnel to the north resulted in the accidental deaths of a number of people, many of them buried in St Isan's church.

The railway and the development of Llanishen railway station allowed wealthy Cardiff businesspeople to commute from the village to the city centre easily, resulting in the expansion of the village's population by 20,000 between 1851 and 1871. In 1887, the two new reservoirs of Llanishen were built to allow distribution of water collected in the Brecon Beacons to the city. In 1922, after expansion north by the city and south by the village, Llanishen became a suburb of Cardiff. Llanishen Golf Club was established in 1905.

Development of the village since has been through redevelopment of former farming and military land into commercial usage and housing development.

Thornhill was part of the Llanishen civil parish until November 2016, when a new community of Thornhill was created north of the Linear Park.

Parc Tŷ Glas Industrial Estate
Parc Tŷ Glas is home to the offices of the television station S4C and of the National Eisteddfod of Wales. HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) formerly occupied Ty Glas, an 18-storey tower block (Phase 2), the 11-storey Gleider House (Phase 1), Ty Rhodfa (formerly the Valuation Office Agency) employing more than 2,700 staff on site in 2007 and ground floor offices for an enquiry centre or IREC. In 2020 the tax office vacated the site and moved to Central Square in the city centre.

The HM Government buildings are due to be demolished and replaced by up to 250 houses, 70 retirement apartments, a care home, employment units, and a health centre.

In 2003, Cardiff Lifestyle Shopping Park was built, comprising six stores. The current occupants are Marks and Spencer Simply Food, Boots, HomeSense, Starbucks, DW Sports/MiFit and Pets at Home.

ROF Cardiff
Llanishen played a role in the Second World War effort. With the development of ROF Bridgend, a Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Cardiff was opened in 1940 to take the explosives from Bridgend and produce tank, anti-tank and field guns. Air defences against paratroopers were placed in nearby fields, and facilities were strengthened in 1941 when the Royal Air Force established both a RAF Regiment base and a glider training facility. In 1943 the United States Army began using the facilities to hold troops and undertake local training, including basic flight in Tiger Cubs. The Americans left in June 1944 as the Allies prepared for D-Day. In 1987 ROF Cardiff became an Atomic Weapons Establishment. It closed down in February 1997.

Since its closure, ROF Cardiff has become the site of major housing developments by George Wimpey (called Parklands), Barratt (Ty Glas Square) and Leadbitter (Llys Enfys. Bellway and Persimmon/Charles Church created further housing between the AWE site and the HMRC building. The site will also host a new public open space, the final element to be constructed (2010), to include a children's play area, sports pitch and community garden. Part of the George Wimpey development has been named Watkins Square and the Barratt development Tasker Square – after Wales' famous Victoria Cross winner Sir Tasker Watkins, who died during 2007.

Other offices

The Orchards complex, formerly the site of the National Coal Board's regional office, housed the offices of the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, and the Welsh office of the Camelot Group, operators of the UK National Lottery. In 2018, the Orchards were demolished and McCarthy and Stone built an independent living complex called Llys Faith.

Llanishen village
Llanishen village is a small local shopping centre offering a range of shops and services to the surrounding community.

Llanishen Library is a full-time branch library.

Llanishen and Lisvane Reservoirs
The area includes two non-functional reservoirs, Llanishen Reservoir and the smaller, adjoining Lisvane Reservoir. Llanishen Reservoir forms the end of a Victorian water supply system stretching from the Brecon Beacons to Cardiff. It was previously threatened by an American-led commercial development for domestic housing, where the proposed houses would be built around a reduced lake. However, the site was designation by Cadw and as a Site of Special Scientific Interest, making it difficult for the developer to gain building permission. Locals have campaigned to make the area a registered village green.

Cardiff Sailing Centre
Cardiff Sailing Centre (Llanishen Sailing Centre) is a sailing school teaching sailing, windsurfing and powerboating.

Sports facilities
Llanishen Leisure Centre is situated in Llanishen and is the largest in the city. It has a pool with a wave machine, Squash courts, multi-activity sports hall, gym and cafeteria. It is built in a very similar layout to the leisure centre in Pentwyn.

There is a public skatepark next to the leisure centre, featuring two quarter-pipes, a jump box, two flat banks, a driveway, a spine, a rail, a wallride and a halfpipe. Llanishen is also home to RampWorld Cardiff, which is Wales' largest indoor skatepark and operates as a non-profit making charity to provide indoor extreme sports training facilities.

GoAir Trampoline Park is located on the Ty Glas Business Park in Llanishen.

Llanishen RFC is based in the area and has a 3G rugby ground, built in 2018 as part of a new partnership with Llanishen High School. The club house is off Ty Glas Avenue nearby. The club's former training ground and pitch was located off Usk Road and was sold to a housing developer to fund the new 3G pitch facilities

Public houses
Llanishen's pubs include the Church Inn, believed to be the oldest surviving pub in Cardiff, and the Wolf's Castle.

Primary schools

 * Christ the King R.C. Primary School
 * Coed Glas
 * Ysgol y Wern
 * The Court Special School

Secondary schools

 * Llanishen High School – previously known as Heol Hir Boys' School and Heol Hir Girls' School (1960–70s)

Transport
The district is served by two railway stations: Llanishen railway station (on the Cardiff Central to Rhymney Line) in the east and Ty Glas railway station (on the Cardiff Central to Coryton) in the west.

Three bus routes serve Llanishen:
 * 27 Thornhill from Central Station – operated by Cardiff Bus
 * 28 from Station Road (Thornhill) or (Roath Park-Cathays-Central Station) – operated by Cardiff Bus
 * 86 (Lisvane) – operated by Stagecoach Wales

Electoral ward
Llanishen is part of an electoral ward with Thornhill, and is also a community of the City of Cardiff. There is no community council for the area.

The Llanishen ward falls within the Senedd constituency of Cardiff North and the UK Parliamentary constituency of the same name. It covers some or all of the geographical areas of Llanishen and Thornhill. It is bounded by the wards of Lisvane to the northwest; Cyncoed to the southeast; Heath to the south; and Rhiwbina to the west.

Representation

 * Since 2017, Cardiff North has been represented in the British House of Commons by Anna McMorrin MP (Labour).
 * Since 2011, Cardiff North has been represented in the Senedd by Julie Morgan MS (Labour).
 * As of December 2022, Llanishen is represented on Cardiff Council by Councillors Gerry Hunt and Bethan Proctor (both Labour).

Notable people
The 16th-century Welsh bard Meurig Dafydd was born in Llanishen. The film director Richard Marquand (Jagged Edge, Return of the Jedi) was born in Llanishen. His father was Labour MP Hilary Marquand. Footballer Joe Jacobson was born and raised in Llanishen. Radio presenter Polly James grew up in the area.

title: Llanishen


text:
Tremorfa

Tremorfa (From Welsh; Tre town + morfa coastal marsh) is a district and community of the city of Cardiff, Wales. It falls into the Splott ward of Cardiff.

Transport
Tremorfa is served by the Cardiff Bus 11 route (was 61 for a few years as the Pentrebane route was extended) operating from Pengam Green to the city centre via Tremorfa, Splott and Adamsdown. It is also served by the numbers 1 and 2 City Circle service.

Employment
The rate of unemployment in Tremorfa is both higher than the average for Cardiff and higher than the national average, suggesting that finding a job in this area may be hard. The rate of claiming any benefit (which includes in work benefits) is more than 10% lower in Tremorfa than the national average, suggesting higher salaries than the average in the area.

Social grade and occupation statistics
Social grade is a classification based on occupation and it enables a household and all its members to be classified according to the job of the main income earner. Tremorfa has 20% more higher and intermediate managerial, administrative or professional households than the national average.

Education
Education statistics are for the highest level education obtained by the residents of Tremorfa and are from the UK Census of 2011. Tremorfa has a lower level of residents with either no qualifications or qualifications equal to 1 or more GCSE at grade D or below, than the national average. Tremorfa also has a high level of residents with a higher education qualification (level 4) than the national average.

Schools
Tremorfa is served by several schools. The only high school is Willows High School which is situated on Willows avenue. The school was once described as "unsatisfactory" and in need of "significant improvement" by the education watchdog Estyn. The school has now substantially improved and is no longer requiring significant improvement. Willows High was featured in the Channel 4 documentary Educating Cardiff in 2015. One of the primary schools across the road from STAR HYB is Baden Powell Primary.

Government
In 2016 Tremorfa became one of four new communities in Cardiff, having previously been part of the Splott community. There is no community council for the area. The nearby area of Pengam Green, which is connected through Tremorfa Park, is classed as being part of the Tremorfa community.

Events
In December 2015, Christmas 'Pugfest' was held at Action Petz play centre in Tremorfa, with more than 1,500 visitors and around 400 pugs. It was one of the fun events for pugs set up nationally by Rob Clowes in memory of his dog, Poppy. In 2017 Prince Harry and his now wife Megan Markle visited the star hyb, across the road from Baden Powell Primary School. Around 2000 people turned up just to see them pull up in the Range Rover Sport with an escort of Motorbikes and Police cars and secret service vehicles.

title: Tremorfa


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User talk:JesusAddict3791

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title: User talk:JesusAddict3791


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Rumney

Rumney may refer to:

People

 * Bernard Rumney (c. 1700–1790), English bard and musician
 * Edgar Rumney (1936–2015), English professional footballer
 * Harold Rumney (1907–1987), Australian rules footballer
 * Jack Rumney (1898–1969), English footballer
 * Ralph Rumney (1934–2002), English artist

Places

 * Rumney, Cardiff, Wales
 * Rumney, New Hampshire, United States
 * Electoral division of Rumney, Tasmania

Other uses

 * Rumney wine, produced in Greece in the 14th to 16th centuries

title: Rumney


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David Emerson

David Lee Emerson, (born September 17, 1945) is a Canadian economist, financial executive, and politician. He was formerly the Member of Parliament for the riding of Vancouver Kingsway. He was first elected as a Liberal and served as Minister of Industry under Prime Minister Paul Martin. After controversially crossing the floor to join Stephen Harper's Conservatives, he served as Minister of International Trade and Minister for the Pacific Gateway and the Vancouver-Whistler Olympics, followed by Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Early life and business career
Emerson was born in Montreal, Quebec. He attended the University of Alberta and obtained his Bachelor of Economics degree in 1968 and his Master of Economics degree in 1970. He then went on to Queen's University where he received his Ph.D in economics.

In 1975, after working as a researcher for the Economic Council of Canada, Emerson moved to British Columbia and joined the public service. In 1984, he became deputy minister of finance.

In 1986, Emerson was appointed president and chief executive officer of the Western & Pacific Bank of Canada. He transformed it into the Western Bank of Canada — the only regional bank to survive and prosper. Four years later, he returned as deputy minister of finance and was quickly promoted to deputy minister to the premier and president of the British Columbia Trade Development Corporation.

From 1992 to 1997, Emerson was president and chief executive officer of the newly created Vancouver International Airport Authority.

In 1998, Emerson was appointed president and chief executive officer of Canfor Corporation, a leading integrated forest products company and Canada's largest producer of softwood lumber. With 8,100 workers and annual revenues of $3.2 billion servicing 10% of the U.S. market, Canfor operates pulp and paper mills as well as 19 sawmills across British Columbia, two in Alberta and one in Quebec. Despite US duties and a higher Canadian dollar, Emerson managed to increase profits and raise share prices through a major acquisition deal and efficiency upgrades, which increased capacity by 30% while reducing production costs by 24%.

In 2008, Emerson joined private equity firm CAI Capital Management as a senior advisor.

Emerson's directorships included: Terasen Inc; Royal & Sun Alliance Insurance Company of Canada; vice-chairman of the Canadian Council of Chief Executives; Chair, British Columbia Ferry Services Inc.; and chairman and director of Genus Resource Management Technologies Inc.

Election history
Bypassing the nomination process, Paul Martin appointed David Emerson as the Liberal candidate in Vancouver Kingsway for the 2004 election. In the general election, he narrowly defeated Ian Waddell of the New Democratic Party (NDP) by 1,351 votes. Waddell had previously represented Vancouver Kingsway from 1979 until 1988, when the riding was abolished and Waddell transferred to Port Moody—Coquitlam.

The 2006 election saw a rematch between Emerson and Waddell. This time, Emerson won handily, defeating Waddell by nearly 10 points as the Liberals nearly swept Vancouver.

Emerson attracted some media attention in December 2005 with a comment that NDP leader Jack Layton had a "boiled dog's head smile". While the term is translated from the common and mild Cantonese insult "烚熟狗頭", Emerson said that he believed it to be a humorous phrase indicating a person with an "overextended grin". Emerson said that his wife, a Cantonese speaker, used the phrase to describe him when he posed for pictures.

Crossing the floor
At some point between election day and the day Stephen Harper was due to be sworn in as prime minister, Emerson accepted an offer from Harper to cross the floor and become Minister of International Trade in Harper's new Conservative minority government. According to Emerson, British Columbia Conservative campaign coordinator John Reynolds called him the day after the election to ask if he was interested in having a conversation with Harper.

Gaining regional representation in Cabinet from key metropolitan areas, such as Vancouver, according to Harper, was key to the decision in asking Emerson to cross the floor. Indeed, 2006 marked the first time in decades that a centre-right party had been completely shut out in Vancouver. However, Emerson's Conservative opponent, Kanman Wong, claimed on February 10, 2006, that Emerson was seriously considering crossing the floor during the run-up to the election. Wong added that he would have stood down in Emerson's favour had he done so.

In any case, Emerson's decision was kept secret from his Liberal colleagues, the press, and even most Conservatives until February 6, 2006, when he arrived at Rideau Hall, the official residence of the Governor General, for the swearing-in of the new government. In addition to his International Trade portfolio, Emerson was given responsibility for the Pacific Gateway and the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, areas of particular importance to the riding of Vancouver-Kingsway and in general, the Greater Vancouver area. He was ranked third in Cabinet in the order of precedence, behind Harper and House Leader Rob Nicholson, by virtue of his appointment to the Privy Council in 2004.

Emerson had given no public indication that he was thinking of leaving the Liberal Party during the election campaign, Wong's remarks notwithstanding. As a Cabinet minister he had been featured prominently in Liberal TV ads in British Columbia promoting that party as the best choice for voters. He launched several blistering attacks against Harper and the Conservatives during the campaign, including one assertion that under a Harper government, "the strong [would] survive and the weak die". On election night, he told supporters that he wanted to be "Stephen Harper's worst nightmare." In an interview with CTV after being sworn in, he clarified to reporters about the heated partisan rhetoric used during the campaign. Emerson told CTV that he runs his riding office on a nonpartisan basis, and that his first priority was the interests of the people of Vancouver Kingsway.

Controversy
Part of the Emerson controversy stems from Vancouver Kingsway's voting history. The riding has long been one of the more left-leaning ones in Vancouver; most election battles take place between the Liberals and NDP. Vancouver Kingsway previously existed from 1953 to 1988 and elected a Progressive Conservative candidate only once, during the 1958 Tory landslide. It has not elected a Conservative or any member of its predecessor parties—the PCs, the Reform Party of Canada or the Canadian Alliance—since its recreation in 1997. The Conservative candidate in 2006, Wong, finished a distant third with only 8,700 votes—12,000 votes behind Emerson and 7,000 behind Waddell—and 19% of the total vote. In the 2004 election, the Conservative candidate, Jesse Johl, finished with 16.5% of the vote. Both totals were far less than the combined PC/Canadian Alliance vote of 34.4% in 2000. The NDP's vote share of less than 16% in that 2000 election jumped to more than 37% when Emerson first ran in 2004.

Liberal MP and former Minister of Health, Ujjal Dosanjh noted that a poll held prior to the election showed less than 20 per cent of residents in the riding knew Emerson by name, lending credence to the assertions that the Liberal banner played a large part in his election and re-election.

Liberal National President Mike Eizenga said that Emerson knew "if he was running in that riding as a Conservative, he wouldn't have a chance" and has demanded his resignation. Democracy Watch, a nonpartisan ethics watchdog, said it planned to complain to the Ethics Commissioner since Emerson was still technically a Liberal minister when he accepted Harper's offer. The group claimed that Emerson's switch violated the federal ethics code and post-employment regulations for officeholders. NDP MP Peter Julian has also called for an inquiry, claiming that the additional benefits Emerson received as a member compared to those he would have received as an opposition MP carry at least the appearance that Emerson acted in his own private interest.

Bill Graham, acting parliamentary leader of the Liberal Party and Leader of the Opposition, called Emerson's behaviour cynical and claimed his actions diminished "the faith of citizens in a system under which we have to govern." Martin, who left on a vacation to Europe shortly after resigning as prime minister, was "astonished" by Emerson's defection and criticized both Emerson and Harper for avoiding "an appropriate level of scrutiny on this matter -- a decision that I believe robs Canadians and the people of Vancouver Kingsway of a deserved explanation".

Criticism also came from Emerson's fellow Conservatives. Garth Turner, a Conservative MP from Ontario said that "anyone who crosses the floor ultimately should go back to the people for ratification and I stick by it and hopefully in this case that will happen..." Turner later stated his belief that his criticism "seriously limited" his future in the party. Subsequently, he was eventually kicked out of the Conservative caucus and crossed the floor to sit as a Liberal for which he was also criticized. Myron Thompson of Alberta has also called for Emerson to step down and run in a by-election.

However, MacKay told CTV's Mike Duffy Live that Emerson wanted to continue and finish the work he already started as Minister of Industry under Martin on a multibillion-dollar softwood lumber deal with the United States—a deal that could potentially bring a huge windfall to Canada and particularly Emerson's major lumber producing province, British Columbia.

MacKay later also said that there was no comparison between Emerson's switch and that of Belinda Stronach. Reynolds also defended Emerson's switch, saying that Vancouver Kingsway got the better end of the bargain since "instead of having someone in opposition, they have someone who is a cabinet minister of a new government." As Minister of International Trade, Emerson will have key influence on matters relevant to constituents of Vancouver-Kingsway particularly as The Greater Vancouver Area prepares for the 2010 Olympics. The defection also has the support of Vancouver Mayor Sam Sullivan, British Columbia Premier Gordon Campbell, the Vancouver Board of Trade, former Prime Minister Kim Campbell, as well as several prominent businessmen in Vancouver.

In a letter dated Monday February 6, the Vancouver Kingsway Liberal riding association requested that Emerson repay $97,000 spent during his re-election campaign. Emerson has stated that he does not intend to repay any expenses, arguing that he has raised large sums for the Liberal party from his corporate connections. On February 8, 2006, Emerson described Liberal attacks on his defection as a sign of "deep sickness" and said that his children were being treated with hostility at school because of his defection. Harper called the attacks on Emerson "superficial", the switch was made "in the best interests of not just British Columbia but good government". Emerson has given some thought to resigning over the furore, but told CBC News in Vancouver on February 10 that he would not resign or run in a byelection. Aside from that appearance, Emerson cancelled a telephone press conference on February 9 due to traffic.

The furore has reinvigorated support for legislation requiring MPs who switch parties to step down and run for their own vacancy in a by-election. NDP MP Peter Stoffer announced on February 13 that he would reintroduce a private member's bill making such a provision. Turner plans to introduce a similar bill, despite pressure from his party to back off. Speaking on Vancouver radio station CKNW, Emerson said he would be glad to discuss the bill in Parliament: "I'll participate in that debate, I may even vote for it, and I will certainly abide by it." Stoffer's earlier floor-crossing bill (C-251) was defeated during the last Canadian Parliament. Emerson has vowed to resign only if such a law were passed retroactively or if the ethics commissioner found him to be at fault.

A crowd of over 700 gathered at an NDP-organized protest rally in Emerson's riding on Saturday February 11. Another smaller rally took place at Emerson's riding office the next day. On April 2, a crowd, variously estimated between 1000 and 1200 participated in a Walk for Democracy organized by a group calling themselves Real Democracy. At times the tightly packed crowd stretched out over five blocks along one lane of Kingsway as the march proceeded along the 2 kilometre route past Emerson's constituency office to the rally. The next day, another group flew an airplane over Canada's parliament asking the Member of Parliament to "call home". This was in reference to the fact that David Emerson had remained low key and made few public appearances in the riding for the months of February and March.

According to an online poll from The Globe and Mail, 77% of respondents wanted Emerson to step down and run in a by-election. A similar online poll conducted by Maclean's magazine showed 66% wanted Emerson to run in a by-election. Ipsos Reid in mid-February 2006 conducted a poll of British Columbians and found that even in staunchly Conservative areas of the province, respondents were 75% in favour of a by-election being called.

On March 3, 2006, Ethics Commissioner Bernard Shapiro announced that he was launching a preliminary inquiry into conflict-of-interest allegations against Emerson and Harper. Shapiro says he will look into what influence may have been wielded in the decision by Emerson to cross the floor. On March 20, 2006, Shapiro stated that he was "satisfied that no special inducement was offered by Mr. Harper to convince Mr. Emerson to join his cabinet and his party". He found no wrongdoing on Emerson's part and recommended a parliamentary debate on floor crossing.

Resolution of softwood lumber issue
On April 27, 2006, Prime Minister Harper announced that Canada had reached an agreement with the United States on softwood lumber. Working closely with Minister Emerson and Canadian ambassador to the U.S. Michael Wilson, this landmark agreement resolved a dispute disrupting Canada–U.S. relations since 1982 when U.S. lumber producers first petitioned against Canadian softwood lumber imports under U.S. countervailing duty law. Previous Liberal governments had enacted two five-year deals, the last one expiring March 31, 2001. Since then, Canada had been locked in costly domestic and international litigation as U.S. lumber companies charged Canada with dumping subsidized lumber into the U.S. market.

The softwood lumber deal ensured no quotas or tariffs at current lumber prices, repayment of at least $4 billion in unfairly collected duties to lumber companies, and provincial and regional flexibility depending on operating conditions. "Canada’s bargaining position was strong; our conditions were clear; and this agreement delivers", said the prime minister. "It’s a good deal that resolves this long-standing dispute and allows us to move on." The deal also received support from Canada's three major softwood producing provinces, British Columbia, Quebec and Ontario.

Following the initial announcement, the province of British Columbia expressed dissatisfaction with the agreement's details. Claiming industry support, B.C.'s forestry minister, Rich Coleman, threatened to "derail the deal" if the provincial government's concerns were not met. Under contention were several details, including an "opt-out" clause (allowing either Canadian or U.S. governments to back out of the deal after 23 months).

A number of analysts described the deal as a shameful capitulation of Canadian interests. The deal included language requiring all Canadian companies to drop legal actions against the U.S. government.

On September 12, 2006, Emerson and U.S Trade Representative Susan Schwab officially signed the deal in Ottawa.

The softwood lumber deal was passed on December 6, 2006, and received Royal Assent on December 12, 2006.

Foreign Affairs ministry
On May 26, 2008, Emerson was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs following the resignation of Maxime Bernier, though it was reported at the time that Emerson's appointment to the position would be brief. In a cabinet shuffle on June 25, 2008, Prime Minister Harper finalized Emerson's position as Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Retirement
On September 2, 2008, it was reported that Emerson would not run in the 2008 federal election, citing the lengthy commute from Vancouver to Ottawa as the reason. In 2009, he was named co-chair (with Paul Tellier) of the Prime Minister's Advisory Committee on the Public Service. He also became a member of the International Advisory Council of the Chinese sovereign wealth fund China Investment Corporation.

title: David Emerson


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Jackie Chiles

Jackie Chiles is a fictional character portrayed by American actor Phil Morris in the NBC sitcom Seinfeld. A parody of Johnnie Cochran, he appears in the series' seventh through ninth seasons as Cosmo Kramer's lawyer.

Character
Chiles is a parody of famed attorney Johnnie Cochran; both are bespectacled, mustachioed, well-dressed, African American lawyers with the same initials and penchants for grandiose vocabulary. According to the diplomas in his office, Chiles attended Dartmouth College and Stanford Law School. Morris also emulates Cochran's distinctive enunciation and delivery. After appearing in several episodes during the series' later years, Chiles, along with many other minor characters from the show's past, appeared again in the program's finale and was crucial in failing to achieve acquittal of the characters on charges of violating a duty to rescue law. Jackie's catchphrase is saying several adjectives in succession for added emphasis, such as "lewd, lascivious, salacious, outrageous!"

Morris also planned to star as Chiles in a spin-off, but the pilot never came to fruition. NBC executives have claimed that a pilot was never discussed with them.

According to Morris, the real-life Cochran told him he enjoyed his appearances as Chiles on Seinfeld. However, after appearing in character as Chiles in advertisements for the Honda Odyssey and Diet Dr Pepper in 2000, Morris received a cease and desist letter from Cochran's law office due to the impact his unflattering mimicry of Cochran might have on his legal career. Following Cochran's death, Morris reprised the character again in 2010 for Will Ferrell's Funny or Die website and in 2022 for a Snyder's of Hanover commercial.

Appearances

 * Season Seven:
 * "The Maestro" — Kramer sneaks a cafe latte into a movie theatre and burns himself while trying to climb over the legs of another patron — a satire of the 1994 lawsuit Liebeck v. McDonald's Restaurants. Jackie describes having to sneak the coffee in as a violation of Kramer's rights as a consumer: "It's outrageous, egregious, preposterous." Kramer uses a balm to treat his burn, causing it to be healed. Furthermore, the coffee company offers a settlement of a lifetime of free coffee at all of their stores throughout North America and Europe. Kramer accepts the offer before the executive had finished speaking and mentioned any money, much to Jackie's dismay.
 * "The Caddy" — Jackie sues Oh Henry! candy bar heiress Sue Ellen Mischke for allegedly causing Kramer personal injury due to an automobile accident. Kramer distracts Jerry while driving when he sees Mischke walking the streets of New York City wearing only a bra. Chiles describes her actions as "lewd, lascivious, salacious, outrageous!" The lawsuit fails when Kramer, taking the ill advice of his golf caddy, demands she try on the bra to prove it is hers. It fails to fit because she tries donning it over a leotard. Jackie yells at Kramer, "Of course a bra's not going to fit on over a leotard. A bra's got to fit right up against a person's skin... like a glove!" — an obvious parody of the O. J. Simpson murder case.
 * "The Friar's Club" — Kramer's experiment with polyphasic sleep causes him to fall asleep during a make-out session. His Italian girlfriend thinks he has died and gets some friends to dump him in the Hudson River. When he comes to, Kramer accuses her of trying to murder him. She calls her lawyer, Jackie Chiles. Upon hearing that Kramer is involved, however, Jackie declares, "I don't want nothing to do with it!"
 * Season Eight:
 * "The Abstinence" — Kramer's face ages prematurely when he turns his apartment into a smoking lounge. Kramer consults with Jackie about filing suit against the tobacco companies for his disfigurement. Jackie describes Kramer's face as "sallow, unattractive, disgusting." When Kramer asks if he has a case, Jackie's reply is "Your face is my case." Jackie and Kramer then meet with a tobacco company lawyer, who alleges that Kramer's face gives him a sense of "rugged masculinity." Jackie replies, "Rugged? The man's a goblin. He's been exposed to smoke for four days. By the time this case gets to trial, he'll be nothing more than a shrunken head." After the lawyer says she will have an offer to settle out of court the next morning, Jackie tells Kramer, "Jackie's cashing in on your wretched disfigurement." Kramer settles the case without Jackie's knowledge for a Marlboro Man style billboard in Times Square featuring his own face. Jackie dubs this "the most public yet of my many humiliations."
 * "The Comeback" — Although Jackie does not appear in the episode, Kramer reveals to Jerry that Chiles has put a restraining order on him, barring him from coming within 200 feet of his office. Kramer goes on to explain that because of this, he could not give Jackie a Christmas gift.
 * Season Nine:
 * "The Finale" — Jackie represents George, Elaine, Jerry and Kramer when they violate the Good Samaritan law. Despite losing the case, he gets some satisfaction in sleeping with Sidra (from "The Implant"), which would have been more satisfying if the jury had not reached a decision so quickly. His last line in the series is the same as Sidra's line about her breasts from the aforementioned episode: "And by the way, they're real, and they're spectacular!"

title: Jackie Chiles


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Talk:Troop engagements of the American Civil War

Why in the heck isnt this just called Battles of the American Civil War? :) -SV 18:26, 2004 Jul 20 (UTC)
 * Only because that was what the original source called it. Besides that name was already taken!  Mike 05:52, Aug 4, 2004 (UTC)

 * You probably would have been better off calling it "List of battles of the American Civil War (chronological)". What is your intention of completing 64-65? Hal Jespersen 19:38, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Eventually. —Mike 08:49, September 3, 2005 (UTC)


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Llanrumney

Llanrumney (Llanrhymni) is a suburb, community and electoral ward in east Cardiff, Wales.

History
The land where modern Llanrumney stands was left to Keynsham Abbey by the Lord of Glamorgan after the Norman Conquest. According to legend, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the final prince of an independent Wales, was interred in a stone coffin by the monks in 1282, on land where Llanrumney Hall would be built centuries later.

After Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries in the sixteenth century, the land passed to the Kemeys family. It remained in their possession until 1951, when it and its grounds were compulsorily purchased by the local authority in order to build the large estates that can be seen there today.

The origins of the name Llanrumney are found in the Welsh word glan ('bank, shore') and the Anglicised version of Rhymni, the name of the local river. The substitution of glan for llan ('church') is explained by the fact that in Welsh, 'lan' is the lenited form of both glan and llan. Thus phrases such as 'i Lanrhymni' and 'o Lanrhymni' (that include the common prepositions i 'to' and o 'from') could be understood as referring to a place called either Glanrhymni or Llanrhymni.

The district is predominantly composed of large-scale council estates and is bounded by the wards of Pontprennau & Old St. Mellons to the north, Rumney to the south, Penylan to the southwest, and Pentwyn to the west. The electoral ward of Llanrumney falls within the parliamentary constituency of Cardiff South and Penarth.

The area has a number of shopping precincts, the largest of which is on Countisbury Avenue. Llanrumney Hall, a pub that is reputedly haunted, is one of several local places associated with the pirate Henry Morgan, and is claimed to have been his home from 1635.

Llanrumney Library opened in 2008, replacing an older building.

Cyncoed Ladies F.C. of the Welsh Premier Women's Football League have been based in the area since they were formed in 2005.

Politics
Llanrumney is in the parliamentary constituency of Cardiff South & Penarth and the Senedd constituency of the same name.

Llanrumney is both an electoral ward and a community in Cardiff Council. The ward elects three councillors to Cardiff Council every five years. The community of Llanrumney does not have a community council.

Transport

Cardiff Bus services 49/50 serve the area, with buses running frequently to and from the city centre. Routes 65 and 65A link Llanrumney, along with a number of other local suburbs, to the Heath Hospital. The area is currently accessible only via various junctions along Newport Road, which also connects the suburb to the city centre to the south west and St Mellons, the A48(M) and Newport to the north east.

In February 2008, Cardiff County Council approved plans for a new Park and Ride facility to be created on the Rhymney River flood plain adjacent to the nearby Pentwyn Interchange of the A48. In November the same year the site was cleared and access roads created from the nearby A48, signalling the beginning of the project.

In December 2019, as part of the council's East Cardiff Industrial Strategy, a plan was announced to ease congestion in east Cardiff by constructing a road and a bridge to link Llanrumney with the Pentwyn Park & Ride site.

Education
Llanumney has six primary schools: Bryn Hafod, Pen-y-Bryn, Glan-yr-Afon, St Cadoc's, St Mellon's and Bro Eirwg, and one secondary school. Llanrumney High School closed in 2013 as part of the Council's plans to reorganise secondary education in the city.

High School closure
On 20 March 2009 Cardiff Council published a legal statutory notice announcing their intention to close Llanrumney High School by 2012 as part of Cardiff County Council's plans to reduce surplus places in schools across the city. Pupils will be merged with those from Rumney High School, which is also to close, and will be housed at a new English medium secondary school built on the Rumney Recreation Ground.

The plans led to the formation by residents from the communities of Llanrumney, Rumney, St Mellons and Trowbridge, Cardiff of the Rumney Recreation and Eastern Leisure Centre Action Group (RREEL), seeking to preserve the Rumney Recreation Ground from the proposed development.

A public meeting was held at the Royal British Legion in Llanrumney on 3 February 2009. Cardiff Council Leader Rodney Berman and Deputy Council Leader, Neil McEvoy, and other senior council figures sought to explain the rationale behind the plans.

Also in February the Cardiff Conference of Secondary Heads sent expressing their support for the council's plans. The three Llanrumney Labour Councillors Morgan, Parry and Joyce called on the people of Llanrumney to vote no.

Residents of Llanrumney and Rumney voted in a community poll held on 17 February 2009. The question they were asked to vote on at the ballot box was "Do you agree with Cardiff City and County Council that the new school should be built on the Rumney Recreation Ground/Eastern Leisure Centre Site?" - 93% voted against the proposed development on a turnout of 27.6%. In Llanrumney 2,082 people voted no, 170 people voted yes and there were 18 spoilt ballots. The turnout in Llanrumney was 28.7%.

Council Leader Rodney Berman announced in response that the council's development plans would proceed and that the community poll result was noted but would not be acted upon. Cardiff Council presented these objections and their proposals to the Welsh Assembly Government on 20 June 2009. Cardiff Council's report noted that 1,257 letters of objection to the proposal were received.

title: Llanrumney