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The Amazing Race 5

The Amazing Race 5 is the fifth season of the American reality competition show The Amazing Race. Hosted by Phil Keoghan, it featured eleven teams of two, each with a pre-existing relationship, competing in a race around the world to win US$1,000,000. This season visited six continents and twelve countries and traveled over 72000 mi during thirteen legs. Starting in Santa Monica, racers traveled through Uruguay, Argentina, Russia, Egypt, Kenya, Tanzania, the United Arab Emirates, India, New Zealand, the Philippines, and Canada before finishing in Dallas. New twists introduced in this season included the Yield, where one team could force another team to stop racing for a predetermined amount of time, and a new non-elimination leg penalty where teams that finished last where stripped of all of the money they had accumulated during previous legs and would not receive any money in the subsequent leg. The season premiered on CBS on July 6, 2004, and concluded on September 21, 2004.

Married parents Chip and Kim McAllister were the winners of the season, while dating couple Colin Guinn and Christie Woods finished in second place, and models Brandon Davidson and Nicole O'Brian finished in third place.

Development and filming
After the anemic ratings for The Amazing Race 4, CBS chairman and CEO Les Moonves doubted whether the series would be renewed for another season. After much deliberation, CBS officially ordered a fifth installment of The Amazing Race in September 2003. Some observers cited the series' recent Emmy win as the factor behind its renewal. While CBS flirted with the idea of a fall premiere, it ultimately gave season 5 a summer broadcast to create momentum for The Amazing Race 6 on the fall schedule.

This season introduced two major twists to The Amazing Race: the Yield and the non-elimination penalty. The Yield allowed one team to force another team to stop racing for a predetermined amount of time. The Yield was available on each leg, except the last two, although it was not shown on each episode. The non-elimination penalty required teams finishing last on non-elimination legs to be stripped of any money they had accumulated and, in addition, they received no money at the start of the next leg. This was also the first season to see the number of Fast Forwards reduced; only two were available in the entire season.

Filming for The Amazing Race 5 began on January 30, 2004, and finished on February 27. This season traveled 72000 mi, which was the show's longest route yet, covering six continents and twelve countries. The teams visited nine countries not previously seen on the show: Uruguay, Argentina, Russia, Egypt, Kenya, Tanzania, the United Arab Emirates, the Philippines, and Canada.

During pre-production, the producers moved the Dubai leg from the originally planned location of Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul was eventually visited on The Amazing Race 7. Production also moved the legs in the Philippines from Japan, but Japan was eventually visited on The Amazing Race 9.

The Zorb task in Leg 10 was filmed at a New Zealand farm owned by a friend of host Phil Keoghan. Prior to the season, Keoghan experienced rolling in the Zorb and insisted it be a task on the show.

Marshall & Lance were the first team in Amazing Race history to quit. When they arrived at the Roadblock site in Luxor, Egypt, after all of the other teams had already left, they decided to give up rather than complete the task.

Cast

After two seasons that featured twelve teams, the contestant pool this season was reduced to eleven teams. They included a dating widowed couple, female twins, a former Big Brother contestant, and a team member with dwarfism. Alison Irwin of CBS's Big Brother 4 was the first contestant from a previously aired reality show to take part in The Amazing Race.

Following this season, Colin & Christie became engaged on CBS's Early Show.

Charla & Mirna returned to compete in The Amazing Race: All-Stars. Colin & Christie were also invited to participate in The Amazing Race: All-Stars, but had to decline due to Christie's pregnancy. They later competed on The Amazing Race: Reality Showdown in 2019.
 * Future appearances

Alison Irwin later appeared on Big Brother: All Stars. In 2005, Chip, Kim, Charla, and Mirna all competed on the Bravo reality series Battle of the Network Reality Stars, along with twenty-eight other individuals from various reality series.

Results
The following teams are listed with their placements in each leg. Placements are listed in finishing order.
 * A placement with a dagger (†) indicates that the team was eliminated.
 * An placement with a double-dagger (‡) indicates that the team was the last to arrive at a Pit Stop in a non-elimination leg. As a penalty, they were stripped of all their money and were not given any at the start of the next leg.
 * A indicates that the team won the Fast Forward.
 * A indicates that the team used the Yield and a  indicates the team on the receiving end of the Yield.
 * Notes

Leg 1 (United States → Uruguay)

 * Episode 1: "Clearly, I'm More Intelligent than You" (July 6, 2004)
 * Prize: A vacation to Hawaii (awarded to Alison & Donny)
 * Eliminated: Dennis & Erika
 * Locations
 * Santa Monica, California (Santa Monica Pier) (Starting Line)
 * Los Angeles → Montevideo, Uruguay
 * Ciudad de la Costa → Punta del Este
 * Punta del Este (The Hand )
 * Punta del Este → Gorriti Island
 * Gorriti Island → Punta del Este (Dock)
 * Maldonado (José Francisco González Meat Warehouse)
 * Maldonado (La Rosada Carniceria)
 * Punta del Este (Conrad Hotel)
 * Punta Ballena (Casapueblo)
 * Episode summary
 * Teams set off from the Santa Monica Pier with instructions to fly to Montevideo, Uruguay. Once there, teams had to travel by bus to Punta del Este and find their next clue at The Hand. Teams had to travel by boat to Gorriti Island in order to find their next clue, which instructed them to search for tickets hidden on trees for one of three departure times the next morning.
 * After returning to the mainland the next day, teams had to search the dock for their next clue, which instructed them to travel to the José Francisco González warehouse in Maldonado, where they found their next clue. From the meat warehouse, teams had to carry a 55 lb slab of meat to a butcher at La Rosada Carniceria in order to receive their next clue. Teams then had to travel to the Conrad Hotel in order to find their next clue.
 * This season's first Detour was a choice between Zips or Chips . In Zips, teams had to go to the roof of the Conrad Hotel, pull themselves across a zipline above the ground, and then take a second zipline 18 stories down to the hotel pool in order to retrieve their next clue. In Chips , teams had to play roulette in the hotel casino with 20 chips and received their next clue only if they won a game. If teams lost all of their chips, they would have to do Zips.
 * After the Detour, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: Casapueblo in Punta Ballena.

Leg 2 (Uruguay → Argentina)

 * Episode 2: "It Turned Ugly Just Now" (July 13, 2004)
 * Eliminated: Alison & Donny
 * Locations
 * Punta Ballena (Casapueblo)
 * Montevideo (Shake Mega Disco)
 * Colonia del Sacramento → Buenos Aires, Argentina
 * Buenos Aires (La Recoleta Cemetery)
 * Buenos Aires (La Recoleta Cemetery & Plaza de las Naciones Unidas – Floralis Genérica or Teatro Lola Membrives)
 * San Antonio de Areco (La Estancia La Invernada)
 * San Antonio de Areco (La Porteña)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams had to travel to Shake Mega Disco in Montevideo, where they had to find a foam-filled plastic globe on the dance floor that they had to rip open in order to retrieve the clue inside. Teams were then instructed to travel by ferry to Buenos Aires, Argentina. Once there, teams had to find the grave of former Argentine First Lady Evita Perón, which they had to figure out was at La Recoleta Cemetery, in order to find their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Perro or Tango . In Perro, teams had to walk eight dogs on a 1 mile course while using a provided map to navigate past a series of three checkpoints to the Floralis Genérica in order to receive their next clue. In Tango , teams had to travel to the Teatro Lola Membrives. Teams were given a photo of a tango dancer and had find the dancer who matched their photo in order to receive their next clue. If the teams gave the photo to the wrong dancer, they had to get a new picture and try again.
 * After the Detour, teams had to travel by taxi or bus to La Estancia La Invernada in San Antonio de Areco in order to find their next clue.
 * In this season's first Roadblock, one team member had to enter a corral and remove a bandana from the neck of one of the calves in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to travel by horse-drawn carriage to the Pit Stop at La Porteña.

Leg 3 (Argentina)

 * Episode 3: "I Got Electrocuted" (July 20, 2004)
 * Eliminated: Jim & Marsha
 * Locations
 * San Antonio de Areco (La Porteña)
 * Buenos Aires → San Carlos de Bariloche
 * San Carlos de Bariloche (Centro Cívico)
 * San Carlos de Bariloche (Del Turista Chocolate Factory)
 * Villa Cerro Catedral (Villa Catedral → Cerro Catedral)
 * Río Negro (Bahia Lopez)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to fly to San Carlos de Bariloche in Argentina's Patagonia region. Once there, teams had to drive to the Civic Center and find the mayor, who had their next clue. Teams then had to find their next clue at the Del Turista Chocolate Factory.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to bite through 11,000 chocolates until they found one of 20 with a white center in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to drive to Villa Catedral and then take a gondola up Cerro Catedral in order to find their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Smooth Sailing or Rough Riding . In Smooth Sailing, both team members had to paraglide in tandem with an instructor down to the base of the mountain in order to receive their next clue. In Rough Riding , teams would have had to ride a mountain bike down the mountain in order to receive their next clue. All teams chose Smooth Sailing.
 * After the Detour, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: Bahia Lopez in Río Negro.

Leg 4 (Argentina → Russia)

 * Episode 4: "Who Says Pageant Girls Don't Eat?" (July 27, 2004)
 * Eliminated: Bob & Joyce
 * Locations
 * Río Negro (Bahia Lopez)
 * San Carlos de Bariloche → Buenos Aires
 * Buenos Aires → Saint Petersburg, Russia
 * Saint Petersburg (Battleship Aurora)
 * Saint Petersburg (SKA Hockey Rink or Anichkov Palace)
 * Saint Petersburg (Senate Square – Bronze Horseman)
 * Pushkin (Old Tower Restaurant)
 * Pushkin (Catherine's Palace)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to travel by bus back to Buenos Aires, and then to fly to Saint Petersburg, Russia. Once there, teams traveled to the battleship Aurora in order to find their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Block 5 Shots or Drink 1 Shot . In Block 5 Shots, teams had to travel to the SKA hockey rink, don ice hockey gear, and block five shots by professional hockey players in front of the goal in order to receive their next clue. In Drink 1 Shot , teams had to travel to Anichkov Palace, where they had to balance a shot glass of vodka on the blade of a saber and drink the vodka without dropping the glass in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to find their next clue at the Bronze Horseman statue at Senate Square. Teams then had to travel to Old Tower Restaurant in Pushkin, where they found their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to eat 1 kg of caviar in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Roadblock, teams rode in a horse-drawn carriage to the Pit Stop at Catherine's Palace.

Leg 5 (Russia → Egypt)

 * Episode 5: "Are You Good at Puzzles?" (August 3, 2004)
 * Locations
 * Pushkin (Catherine's Palace)
 * Pushkin → Saint Petersburg
 * Saint Petersburg (Hermitage Museum)
 * Saint Petersburg → Cairo, Egypt
 * Cairo (Tower of Cairo)
 * Giza (Pharaonic Village → Qorsaya Island)
 * Giza (Giza Pyramid Complex – Osiris Shaft)
 * Giza (Pyramid of Khafre)
 * Giza (Sphinx)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams had to return by train to Saint Petersburg and then travel to the Hermitage Museum. There, teams had to find Rembrandt's The Return of the Prodigal Son, where they received their next clue from a curator, which instructed teams to fly to Cairo, Egypt. Once there, teams found their next clue at the Tower of Cairo.
 * In this season's first Fast Forward, one team had to go to the Pharaonic Village and find a marked sarcophagus that they had to carry through the village, across the Nile River on a ferry, and to a temple on Qorsaya Island. Colin & Christie won the Fast Forward.
 * Teams who did not attempt the Fast Forward had to travel to the Osiris Shaft in order to find their next clue
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to descend into the depths of the Osiris Shaft. There, they retrieved a satchel of puzzle pieces, which they had to carry back up to the surface and present to an Egyptologist in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to assemble the puzzle pieces on top of the marked area of a map in order to figure out their next destination: the base of the Pyramid of Khafre.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Rock & Roll or Hump & Ride . In Rock & Roll, teams had to use round logs to move a sled carrying two rocks weighing approximately 600 lb across an area the length of a football field in order to receive their next clue. In Hump & Ride , teams had to pick a pair of horses to lead camels laden with carpets 1 mi to a merchant in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: the Sphinx.
 * Additional note
 * This was a non-elimination leg.

Leg 6 (Egypt)

 * Episode 6: "Why Can't We Get a Camel?" (August 10, 2004)
 * Prize: A vacation to Mexico (awarded to Colin & Christie)
 * Quit: Marshall & Lance
 * Locations
 * Giza (Sphinx)
 * Giza (Great Pyramid)
 * Cairo → Luxor
 * Luxor (Karnak)
 * Luxor (Nile River – Banana Island or Pigeon Farm)
 * Luxor (Habu Temple)
 * Luxor → Crocodile Island
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams had to descend through a narrow shaft into the Creation Room inside the Great Pyramid in order to find their next clue, which instructed them to fly to Luxor. Once there, teams traveled to the Karnak Temple Complex, where they found their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Herd It or Haul It . In both tasks, teams had to travel on a traditional carriage known as a kalesh. In Herd It, teams had to travel to Banana Island and load ten goats onto a sailboat and deliver them to a shepherd on the other side of the Nile River in order to receive their next clue. In Haul It , teams traveled to Pigeon Farm, where they had to use an ancient device to lift water from the Nile to fill an urn. Teams then had to transport the urn by donkey to a farmhouse and fill a cistern in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to travel to Habu Temple in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to use archeological tools to dig in the sand until they unearthed a scarab in order to receive their next clue, which directed them to the Pit Stop: Crocodile Island, along the Nile River.
 * Additional notes
 * Teams were instructed to take a charter flight to Luxor, but they could take a commercial flight if they could find one that would arrive in Luxor earlier.
 * Phil came out to the Roadblock site after being informed that Marshall & Lance wanted to quit The Amazing Race, noting that it was the first time that any team had quit the race, and the first time that Phil had to come meet a team on the race course and not at the Pit Stop. After Marshall & Lance confirmed that they wanted to quit on account of Marshall's injured knees, Phil informed them that the other teams had already checked into the Pit Stop, and they would have been eliminated anyway.

Leg 7 (Egypt → Kenya → Tanzania)

 * Episode 7: "Are You Sure This is Safe?" (August 17, 2004)
 * Prize: A vacation to Latin America (awarded to Chip & Kim)
 * Eliminated: Charla & Mirna
 * Locations
 * Luxor (Crocodile Island)
 * Luxor → Nairobi, Kenya
 * Nairobi (Jomo Kenyatta International Airport – Z. Boskovic Air Charters)
 * Nairobi → Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (Kilimanjaro International Airport)
 * Kilimanjaro → Mto wa Mbu
 * Kibaoni (Kavishe Hotel)
 * Lake Manyara National Park (Lake Manyara Lookout)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to return to Cairo and then fly to Nairobi, Kenya. Once there, teams had to search the airport for Z. Boskovic Air Charters and sign up for one of three charter flights to a mystery destination (Kilimanjaro, Tanzania). Once there, teams were instructed to travel by bus to Mto wa Mbu.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Buzzing or Busy . In Buzzing, teams would have had to travel by bicycle to a local honey farm. There, they would have had to put on beekeeper suits and harvest 2 kg of honey from African hives in order to receive their next clue. In Busy , teams have to find Katongo Furniture, where they had to load two chairs onto a bicycle-driven cart. When they delivered the chairs to a specific address, the owner gave teams a receipt. Teams had to return to the shopkeeper and give him the receipt in order to receive their clue. All teams chose Busy.
 * After the Detour, teams had to travel to the Kavishe Hotel in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to cook and eat one ostrich egg in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to travel to Lake Manyara National Park and ride a zipline across a gorge before they could check in at the nearby Pit Stop.

Leg 8 (Tanzania → United Arab Emirates)

 * Episode 8: "I'm Going to Jail" (August 24, 2004)
 * Prize: A vacation to the Caribbean (awarded to Colin & Christie)
 * Locations
 * Lake Manyara National Park (Lake Manyara Lookout)
 * Kilimanjaro → Dubai, United Arab Emirates
 * Dubai (Burj Al Arab)
 * Dubai (Bur Dubai → Dubai Creek – Abdul Rahman's Dhow)
 * Margham (Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve – Margham Dunes)
 * Margham (Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve – Desert Oasis)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to fly to Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. Once there, teams found their next clue on the helipad of the Burj Al Arab, which directed them to a dhow on Dubai Creek, where the owner gave them their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Off Plane or Off Road . In Off Plane, teams had to travel to the Al Quwain Aero Club and tandem skydive with an instructor to a landing site in the Margham Dunes. When teams successfully landed, they received their next clue. Each plane could only carry one team and planes departed 45 minutes apart. In Off Road , teams had to travel directly to the Margham Dunes, where they had to drive a truck over a 6 mi course through the desert ending at the skydiving landing site. If teams got stuck in the sand, they had to radio for help and wait to be extricated.
 * After the Detour, teams had to ride a camel and use a GPS navigation device to guide them to the Pit Stop.
 * Additional note
 * This was a non-elimination leg.

Leg 9 (United Arab Emirates → India)

 * Episode 9: "If You're Going to Whine, Just Shut Up!" (August 31, 2004)
 * Prize: A vacation to Mexico (awarded to Colin & Christie)
 * Locations
 * Margham (Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve – Desert Oasis)
 * Dubai (Wild Wadi Water Park – Jumeirah Sceirah)
 * Dubai → Kolkata, India
 * Kolkata (Shaheed Minar)
 * Baranagar (Kripamayee Kali Temple)
 * Garia (Globe Brick Factory)
 * Garia → Kolkata (Sealdah Railway Station)
 * Kolkata (Lansdowne Road)
 * Kolkata (Victoria Memorial)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams drove themselves to Wild Wadi Water Park, where both team members had to ride down the Jumeirah Sceirah in order to receive their next clue. Teams were then instructed to fly to Kolkata, India. Once there, teams found their next clue at the Shaheed Minar, which instructed them to travel to Globe Brick Factory in order to find their next clue.
 * In this season's only other fast Forward, one team would have had to travel to the Kripamayee Kali Temple, where both team members would have had to have their heads completely shaved in order to win the Fast Forward award. Brandon & Nicole traveled to the temple, but when they discovered what the task entailed, they changed their minds and returned to the Roadblock.
 * Teams who did not attempt the Fast Forward had to travel to the Globe Brick Factory in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to use a mold to make 20 mud bricks to the satisfaction of the factory worker in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to travel by train to the Sealdah railway station in Kolkata, where they found their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Heavy but Short or Light but Long . In Heavy but Short, teams had to travel to Lansdowne Road and push a taxi 1/2 mi to a local garage, where they received their next clue. In Light but Long , teams would have had to travel to a flower market, find a particular stall in order to receive a garland, and release it into the Ganges in order to receive their next clue. All teams chose Heavy but Short.
 * After the Detour, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: the Victoria Memorial.
 * Additional note
 * This was a non-elimination leg.

Leg 10 (India → New Zealand)

 * Episode 10: "If They're Screwing the Helmet to My Head, It Can't Be Good!" (September 7, 2004)
 * Prize: A vacation to Europe (awarded to Colin & Christie)
 * Eliminated: Kami & Karli
 * Locations
 * Kolkata (Victoria Memorial)
 * Kolkata → Auckland, New Zealand
 * Rotorua (Rotorua Museum)
 * Rotorua (Okere Falls or Hell's Gate)
 * Paengaroa (Matapara Farms)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to fly to Auckland, New Zealand. Once there, teams had to drive to Rotorua and find their next clue at the Rotorua Museum.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Clean or Dirty . In Clean, teams had to drive to Okere Falls and perform an adventure sport called river sledging on the Kaituna River. With the help of two guides, teams had to complete a 1 mi course with only a small board (a sledge) for protection. At the end of the course, the instructor gave them their next clue. In Dirty , teams had to travel to Hell's Gate and search within a bubbling mud pit for their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to drive to Matapara Farms in Paengaroa in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to inflate a Zorb, ride it down a hillside, and then walk it a short distance to cross the finish line at the bottom of the hill. Teams could then run to the Pit Stop.

Leg 11 (New Zealand → Philippines)

 * Episode 11: "It's Okay, Run Them Over!" (September 14, 2004)
 * Prize: A vacation to Hawaii (awarded to Chip & Kim)
 * Locations
 * Paengaroa (Matapara Farms)
 * Auckland (Westhaven Marina)
 * Auckland (Auckland Harbour Bridge)
 * Auckland → Manila, Philippines
 * Imus (Malagueña Motors)
 * Victoria (Field)
 * Pasay (Coconut Palace)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams had to drive to the Westhaven Marina in Auckland, find a yacht called the Hydroflow, and lower their next clue from the yacht's rigging.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to travel by boat to Auckland Harbour Bridge and climb a ladder to the girders beneath the roadway. From there, they had to walk along the girders to retrieve the clue on the other side, at which point they were then lowered to a waiting boat below.
 * Teams were instructed to fly to Manila, Philippines. Once there, teams had to go to Malagueña Motors. There, teams had to decorate a jeepney with all of the provided items in order to receive their next clue. Teams were then driven to their next destination in the jeepney that they had decorated.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Plow or Fowl . In Plow, teams had to use an ox-drawn plow to till a muddy field until the plow caught on a buried rope attached to a hidden clue. In Fowl , teams would have had to herd 1,000 ducks from one pen to another in order to receive their next clue. All teams chose Plow.
 * After the Detour, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: the Coconut Palace in Pasay.
 * Additional notes
 * Chip & Kim chose to Yield Colin & Christie.
 * At the Detour, Colin had a meltdown trying to direct the ox through the field, leading him to angrily scream, "My ox is broken!" This scene became one of the most memorable and iconic scenes in the history of The Amazing Race.
 * The ox-plow task was later revisited in season 25 as a Switchback.
 * Luli Arroyo, daughter of the then-Filipino president, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, appeared as the Pit Stop greeter.
 * This was a non-elimination leg.

Leg 12 (Philippines)

 * Episode 12: "You've Just Made Me a Millionaire" (September 21, 2004)
 * Prize: A vacation to the Caribbean (awarded to Brandon & Nicole)
 * Eliminated: Linda & Karen
 * Locations
 * Pasay (Coconut Palace)
 * Manila (Luneta Park – José Rizal Monument)
 * Pasay (A. Soriano Aviation)
 * Manila → El Nido
 * El Nido (El Nido Airport → El Nido Pier)
 * El Nido (El Nido Pier → Bacuit Bay)
 * El Nido (Pangulasian Island)
 * El Nido (Lagen Wall)
 * El Nido (Lagen Island)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams had to find their next clue at the José Rizal Monument in Luneta Park, which directed them to A. Soriano Aviation, where teams had to sign up for one of two charter flights to El Nido. Once there, teams took a marked jeepney to El Nido Pier and a marked boat to a buoy, where they found their next clue.
 * Teams had to use binoculars to search for the one island of three that was displaying the Philippine flag – 🇵🇭 – where they would find their next clue. The other two islands displayed flags of other nations and teams could not ask their guide for help. Teams found their next clue on the shore of Pangulasian Island, where they were instructed to put on snorkel gear and search underwater for one of four giant clams, which contained their next clue.
 * In this season's final Roadblock, one team member had to climb the 150 ft Lagen Wall using an ascender, retrieve their next clue, and then rappel back down.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to paddle a kayak to the Pit Stop on Lagen Island.

Leg 13 (Philippines → Canada → United States)

 * Episode 12: "You've Just Made Me a Millionaire" (September 21, 2004)
 * Prize: US$1,000,000
 * Winners: Chip & Kim
 * Runners-up: Colin & Christie
 * Third place: Brandon & Nicole
 * Locations
 * El Nido (Lagen Island)
 * El Nido → Calgary, Canada
 * Calgary → Banff (Unaired)
 * Banff National Park (Sunshine Village – Lookout Mountain)
 * Calgary (Canada Olympic Park – Olympic Cauldron)
 * Calgary (Canada Olympic Park – Bobsleigh, Luge, and Skeleton Track or Downhill Course)
 * Calgary → Dallas, Texas
 * Fort Worth (Fort Worth Stockyards – Cowtown Cattlepen Maze)
 * Dallas (Trammell Crow Park)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to fly to Calgary, Canada. Teams first had to take a charter flight from El Nido to Manila, and then fly to Calgary. Once there, teams had to travel to Banff National Park and ride the gondola to Lookout Mountain. They then had to hike up a snowy slope to the Continental Divide, where they found their next clue, which directed them to the Olympic Cauldron in Canada Olympic Park.
 * This season's final Detour was a choice between Slide or Ride . In Slide, teams had to ride a luge through the Olympic luge course within 34 seconds in order to receive their next clue. In Ride , teams would have had to ride mountain bikes through a snow-covered Olympic slalom ski course within three minutes to receive their next clue. While Brandon & Nicole initially attempted Ride , they eventually switched to Slide.
 * After the Detour, teams were instructed to fly to Dallas, Texas. Once there, teams had to go to the Fort Worth Stockyards. There, teams had to enter the giant maze and find a wooden box with their names on it, which contained a picture of the Canada Olympic Park. Using a provided key, they then had to take the picture, find their way out of the maze, and place it on the board. They then retrieved another key that unlocked the glass box on the board, which contained their final clue, which directed them to the finish line at Trammell Crow Park.
 * Additional notes
 * Teams traveled from Calgary to Banff by charter bus. This segment was unaired.
 * In this season's final Roadblock, one team member had to build a First Nations teepee outside the Banff Springs Hotel. This task was unaired.
 * Legs 12 and 13 aired back-to-back as a special two-hour episode.

Critical response
The Amazing Race 5 received positive reviews. Maureen Ryan of the Chicago Tribune called this season a "breakout success". In 2016, this season was ranked 1st out of the first 27 seasons by the Rob Has a Podcast Amazing Race correspondents. Joe Reid of Decider called it "one of its most exciting and dramatically satisfying seasons to date." Kareem Gantt of Screen Rant called it "an otherwise near-perfect season." In 2021, Jane Andrews of Gossip Cop ranked this season as the show's 2nd best season. In 2022, Jason Shomer of Collider ranked this season among the show's top seven seasons. In 2022, Rhenn Taguiam of Game Rant ranked this season as the tenth-best season.

Ratings

 * U.S. Nielsen ratings

title: The Amazing Race 5


text:
Cruella

Cruella can refer to:

 * Cruella de Vil, a character in the 101 Dalmatians novel, three films, and animated series
 * Cruella (film), a live-action crime film based on the Disney animated character
 * Cruella, a fetish magazine
 * Krewella, an American electronic dance music group

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cruella


text:
Iwadeyama, Miyagi

Iwadeyama (岩出山町) was a town located in Tamatsukuri District, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 13,476 and a population density of 95.78 persons per km2. The total area was 140.70 km2.

On March 31, 2006, Iwadeyama, along with the city of Furukawa, the town of Naruko (also from Tamatsukuri District), the towns of Kashimadai, Matsuyama and Sanbongi (all from Shida District), and the town of Tajiri (from Tōda District), was merged to create the city of Ōsaki. Tamatsukuri District and Shida District were dissolved as a result of this merger.

title: Iwadeyama, Miyagi


text:
Naruko, Miyagi

Naruko (鳴子町) was a town located in Tamatsukuri District, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

On March 31, 2006, Naruko, along with the city of Furukawa, the town of Iwadeyama (also from Tamatsukuri District), the towns of Kashimadai, Matsuyama and Sanbongi (all from Shida District), and the town of Tajiri (from Tōda District), to create the new city of Ōsaki. Tamatsukuri District and Shida District were dissolved as a result of this merger.

Geography
Nestled in the mountainous backbone of Tōhoku region, Naruko is located entirely within the Kurikoma Quasi-National Park. Haiku poet Matsuo Bashō passed through the area on the trip that became his masterwork Oku no Hosomichi.

Tourism and Sightseeing
The volcanically active area is famous for the Naruko Hot Spring Villages (鳴子温泉郷), a cluster of five villages -- Naruko, East Naruko, Nakayamadaira, Kawatabi and Onikōbe -- with abundant hot springs. The reputed curative properties of the springs make them especially popular with people in ill health. Several ski resorts also operate nearby in the winter.

Naruko is one among many places to claim to have originated the kokeshi, a cylindrical wooden doll emblematic of Tōhoku. The Japan Kokeshi Museum is located in Naruko, and some 80 craftsmen work full-time at the art today.

Transport
Naruko is accessible by train on the JR East Rikuu East Line, some 40 minutes from Furukawa Station, where connections to Tokyo can be made via the Tōhoku Shinkansen. National Highways 47 and 108 also pass through the area.

Demographics
In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 8,764 and a population density of 26.76 persons per km². The total area was 327.55 km².

title: Naruko, Miyagi


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Category:Mortal Kombat characters

Characters depicted in Mortal Kombat.

title: Category:Mortal Kombat characters


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Tamatsukuri District, Miyagi

 * List of Provinces of Japan > Tōsandō > Rikuzen Province > Tamatsukuri District
 * Japan > Tōhoku region > Miyagi Prefecture > Tamatsukuri District

Tamatsukuri (玉造郡) was a district located in Miyagi, Japan.

As of 2003, the district had an estimated population of 22,240 and a density of 47.50 persons per km2. The total area was 468.25 km2.

On March 31, 2006, the towns of Iwadeyama and Naruko were merged with the city of Furukawa, the towns of Kashimadai, Matsuyama and Sanbongi (all from Shida District), and the town of Tajiri (from Tōda District) to create the city of Ōsaki. Tamatsukuri District and Shida District were dissolved as a result of this merger.

Former towns and villages

 * Iwadeyama
 * Naruko

History

 * 713 - Nitori District (丹取郡) was established. In 728 it was changed to Tamatsukuri.
 * 1871 - With the Abolition of the han system, Tamakatsuri District becomes Ichinoseki Prefecture (一関県). That same year, it is renamed Mizusawa Prefecture (水沢県)
 * 1873 - Misawa Prefecture renamed Iwai Prefecture (磐井県)
 * 1876 - Tamakatsuri District becomes part of Miyagi Prefecture.
 * 1889 - With the establishment of the municipal system, the Town of Iwadeyama (岩出山町) and the villages of Ōsaki (大崎村), Ichikuri (一栗村), Mayama (真山村), Onsen (温泉村), and Onikōbe (鬼首村) are established
 * 1894 - District office is established in Iwadeyama
 * 1921 - Onsen Village divided, becoming Naruko Town (鳴子町) and Kawatabi Village (川渡村)
 * 1926 - District offices eliminated
 * 1954 - Naruko Town, Kawatabi Village, and Onikōbe Village merge to form new Naruko Town.
 * 1954 - Iwadeyama Town, Ichikuri Village, Mayama Village and West Ōsaki Village merge to form new Iwadeyama Town
 * 2006 - the towns of Iwadeyama and Naruko were merged with the city of Furukawa, the towns of Kashimadai, Matsuyama and Sanbongi (all from Shida District), and the town of Tajiri (from Tōda District) to create the city of Ōsaki. Tamatsukuri District and Shida District were dissolved as a result of this merger.

title: Tamatsukuri District, Miyagi


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Wakuya

Wakuya (涌谷町) is a town located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 15,763 in 6028 households, and a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 82.16 sqkm. The area is noted for its rice production.

Geography
Wakuya is in north-central Miyagi Prefecture in the flatlands of the Ōsaki Plains.

Neighboring municipalities
Miyagi Prefecture
 * Ishinomaki
 * Tome
 * Ōsaki
 * Misato

Climate
Wakuya has a humid climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) characterized by mild summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature in Wakuya is 11.0 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1224 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 23.9 °C, and lowest in January, at around -0.7 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Wakuya has declined over the past 40 years.

History
The area of present-day Wakuya was part of ancient Mutsu Province, and has been settled since at least the Jōmon period by the Emishi people. During the Nara period, gold was discovered in the area, and 13 kilograms of gold from Wakuya were used in the construction of the Nara Daibutsu. During later portion of the Heian period, the area was ruled by the Northern Fujiwara. During the Sengoku period, the area was contested by various samurai clans before the area came under the control of the Date clan of Sendai Domain during the Edo period, under the Tokugawa shogunate.

The town of Wakuya was established on June 1, 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. The town annexed the neighboring village of Moto-Wakuya on December 1, 1948, and the village of Nonodake on July 15, 1955. The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami destroyed numerous buildings in the town, and resulted in one fatality.

Government
Wakuya has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 13 members. Wakuya and the neighboring town of Misato together contribute one seat to the Miyagi Prefectural legislature. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Miyagi 5th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
The economy of Wakuya is largely based on agriculture, primarily the cultivation of rice, spinach, and spring onions. Alps Electric has a manufacturing plant in Wakuya.

Education
Wakuya has three public elementary schools (Wakuya No.1 Elementary school(涌谷第一小学校), Gesshoukan Elementary school(月将館小学校), Nonodake Elementary school(箟岳小学校)) and one public junior high school (Wakuya Middle School(涌谷中学校)) operated by the town government. The town has one public high school operated by the Miyagi Prefecturing Board of Education.

Railway
East Japan Railway Company (JR East) - Ishinomaki Line East Japan Railway Company (JR East) - Kesennuma Line
 * Kami-Wakuya - Wakuya
 * Nonodake

Local attractions

 * Koganeyama Jinja, a Shinto shrine founded in the Nara period (National Historic Site)
 * Wakuya Castle
 * Nagane Shell Mound, Jōmon period shell midden, National Historic Site

Sister city relations

 * 🇩🇰 - Sorø, Zealand, Denmark
 * 🇰🇷 - Buyeo County, South Korea

Noted people from Wakuya

 * Saitō Chikudō, Edo-period scholar
 * Komagatake Kuniriki, Meiji and Taisho-period ōzeki
 * Kōji Wakamatsu, film director
 * Kiyono Yasuno, voice actress

title: Wakuya


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Tajiri, Miyagi

Tajiri (田尻町) was a town located in Tōda District, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 13,023 and a population density of 198.55 persons per km². The total area was 65.59 km². The primary industry was rice farming. There was also a chemical plant.

On March 31, 2006, Tajiri, along with the city of Furukawa, the towns of Iwadeyama and Naruko (both from Tamatsukuri District), and the towns of Kashimadai, Matsuyama and Sanbongi (all from Shida District), was merged to create the city of Ōsaki. Tamatsukuri District and Shida District were dissolved as a result of this merger.

title: Tajiri, Miyagi


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The Amazing Race 4

The Amazing Race 4 is the fourth season of the American reality competition show The Amazing Race. Hosted by Phil Keoghan, it featured twelve teams of two, each with a pre-existing relationship, competing in a race around the world to win US$1,000,000. This season visited four continents and nine countries and traveled over 44000 mi during thirteen legs. Starting in Los Angeles, racers traveled through Italy, Austria, France, the Netherlands, India, Malaysia, South Korea, Australia, and Hawaii before finishing in Phoenix. The season premiered on CBS on May 29, 2003, and concluded on August 21, 2003.

Married couple Reichen Lehmkuhl and Chip Arndt were the winners of the season, while engaged couple Jon Corso and Kelly Parks finished in second place, and best friends David Dean and Jeff Strand finished in third place.

Development and filming
The fourth season of The Amazing Race spanned 44000 mi across four continents and featured first-time visits to two countries: the Netherlands and South Korea. Filming for the show began on January 18, 2003, and finished on February 14.

Casting
Casting for this season began in late August 2002.

Cast

This season's cast included a gay married couple, NFL wives, a pair of circus clowns, and air traffic controllers. The "NFL Wives", Monica & Sheree, were respectively married to Ashley Ambrose and Ray Buchanan, both of whom played for the Atlanta Falcons the season before the television series was filmed. At the time this season was filmed and broadcast, same-sex marriage had not yet been made legal in the United States. Reichen & Chip were never legally married, although they were married in a religious ceremony. CBS decided for the purpose of the show to respect the fact that they recognized themselves as a married couple. Not long after the season ended, Reichen revealed that he and Chip had separated. In 2005, Reichen Lehmkuhl appeared on a "Reality All-Stars" episode of Fear Factor. Reichen also appeared as part of the cast of The A-List: New York in 2011. Monica & Sheree, now both divorced, appeared on Atlanta Exes in 2014.
 * Future appearances

Results
The following teams are listed with their placements in each episode. Placements are listed in finishing order.
 * A placement with a dagger (†) indicates that the team was eliminated.
 * An placement with a double-dagger (‡) indicates that the team was the last to arrive at a Pit Stop in a non-elimination leg.
 * A indicates that the team won the Fast Forward.
 * Notes

Leg 1 (United States → Italy)

 * Episode 1: "Cheaters Never Win... and They Cheated!" (May 29, 2003)
 * Prize: A trip to Hawaii (awarded to Amanda & Chris, Millie & Chuck, and Steve & Josh)
 * Eliminated: Debra & Steve
 * Locations
 * Los Angeles, California (Dodger Stadium) (Starting Line)
 * Los Angeles → Milan, Italy
 * Milan (Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II)
 * Milan (Piazza Fontana) → Cortina d'Ampezzo (Church of St. Filippo and Giacomo)
 * Cortina d'Ampezzo (Passo Giau)
 * Cortina d'Ampezzo (Cinque Torri)
 * Cortina d'Ampezzo (Hotel Lajadira)
 * Episode summary
 * Teams set off from Dodger Stadium with instructions to fly to Milan, Italy. Once there, teams had to travel to the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, where they had to search the complex for tickets on one of three charter buses leaving the next day for an unknown destination (Cortina d'Ampezzo in the Dolomite Mountains).
 * At the Church of St. Filippo and Giacomo, teams had to follow a marked path to find their next clue, which directed them to the Cinque Torri. There, teams had to ride a ski lift to the top and find their next clue on the mountain.
 * This season's first Fast Forward required one team to find a field on Passo Giau, put on snowshoes, and trek to the top of a snowy hill. Monica & Sheree won the Fast Forward.
 * This season's first Detour was a choice between Search or Rescue . In Search, teams would have had to use a locator beacon to find a beeper hidden somewhere in the snow, and then they'd have searched for a set of keys for a snowmobile that they could have driven to their next clue. In Rescue , teams crossed a traditional alpine rescue bridge of four steel cables. They then had to use a zipline to travel across the ravine in order to receive their next clue. All teams chose Search.
 * After the Detour, teams had to ride the ski lift back down to the lodge and then travel to the Pit Stop: the Hotel Lajadira.

Leg 2 (Italy)

 * Episode 2: "It Doesn't Say Anything About First Come First Served... and We're Bigger" (June 5, 2003)
 * Eliminated: Amanda & Chris
 * Locations
 * Cortina d'Ampezzo (Hotel Lajadira)
 * Cortina d'Ampezzo (Trampolino Olimpico)
 * Calalzo di Cadore or Ponte nelle Alpi → Venice
 * Venice (Ponte delle Guglie → Campo Querini Stampalia)
 * Venice (Campo San Vio)
 * Venice (Palazzo da Mosto)
 * Venice (Venetian Lagoon – Citta di Padova)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams traveled to the Trampolino Olimpico. There, they rode an inflatable snow raft down the hill in order to receive their next clue, which instructed them to travel by train to Venice. Once there, teams had to find their next clue at the Ponte delle Guglie.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Waterway or Pathway . In Waterway, teams had to travel by gondola, using only a map to guide their gondolier, to the Campo Querini Stampalia, where they found their next clue. In Pathway , teams had to travel by foot through the city's streets and bridges to the same plaza, but without a map, although they could ask for directions.
 * This leg's Fast Forward required one team to go to Campo San Vio and join a troupe of actors performing street theater known as commedia dell'arte until the Fast Forward award appeared in the skit. Steve & Dave won the Fast Forward.
 * After the Detour, teams had to travel to the Palazzo da Mosto and wait for a masquerade ball to begin before receiving their next clue.
 * In this season's first Roadblock, one team member had to choose a picture of a Venetian mask, enter the Palazzo da Mosto, and search the rooms filled with masked revelers to find the one wearing the same mask shown in their photo, who gave them their next clue. If they chose incorrectly, the reveler took the photo and walked away, and the racer had to go back outside to wait to receive another photo, since only four contestants could enter the palace at a time.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: the Citta di Padova, moored at the Venetian Lagoon.

Leg 3 (Italy → Austria)

 * Episode 3: "I Wasn't Even Going to Touch You Until You Slammed My Head Backwards" (June 12, 2003)
 * Eliminated: Russell & Cindy
 * Locations
 * Venice (Laguna Veneta – Citta di Padova)
 * Venice → Vienna, Austria
 * Vienna (Vienna Sewers – Intersection of Friedrichstraße & Operngasse → Heumarkt)
 * Vienna (Stadtpark)
 * Vienna (Schönbrunn Palace)
 * Vienna (Mozart House or Beethoven House)
 * Vienna (Donauturm)
 * Vienna → Gmunden
 * Gmunden (Schloss Ort)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to travel by train to Vienna, Austria. Once there, they had to enter the city's sewers at the intersection of Friedrichstraße and Operngasse and follow a path to the Johann Strauss II monument at the Stadtpark, where they found their next clue. Teams then had to flag down a horse-drawn carriage called a fiacre and grab the ticket hanging on the carriage for one of three departure times. Teams then directed their fiacre to Schönbrunn Palace, where they found their next clue.
 * This leg's Fast Forward required one team to enter the ballroom at Schönbrunn Palace, where each team member had to carry a tray full of champagne glasses across the room and through the crowd without spilling any of the drinks. Steve & Josh won the Fast Forward.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Mozart or Beethoven . In Mozart, teams had to carry a string bass 6 mi to the well-known house where Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart wrote The Marriage of Figaro in order to receive their next clue. In Beethoven , teams had to carry a portfolio of sheet music 11 mi to a lesser-known house where Ludwig van Beethoven wrote The Heiligenstadt Testaments in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to travel to the Donauturm, where they found their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to perform a 460 ft bungee jump off the Donauturm in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to travel by train to Gmunden and then on foot to the Pit Stop: Schloss Ort.
 * Additional note
 * The bungee jump at the Donauturm was later featured as a Switchback and Fast Forward in season 23, but due to high winds, the Fast Forward was unavailable, and no teams chose to wait for weather conditions to improve.

Leg 4 (Austria → France)

 * Episode 4: "Check Your Tires Because... Oh God, You Never Know What'll Happen!" (June 19, 2003)
 * Eliminated: Steve & Josh
 * Locations
 * Gmunden (Schloss Ort)
 * Gmunden → Salzburg or Munich, Germany
 * Salzburg or Munich → Paris, France
 * Paris → Le Mans
 * Le Mans (Circuit de la Sarthe – Circuit Bugatti)
 * Marseille (Phare de Sainte Marie)
 * Aix-en-Provence (Musée de Tapisseries)
 * Bagnols-en-Forêt (Gorges du Blavet – Point de Vue du VAR)
 * Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (Château des Alpilles)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to fly to Paris, France, and then travel by train to Le Mans. To get to Paris, teams traveled by train to either Salzburg or Munich, Germany, and then flew to Paris. Once there, teams had to travel to the Circuit de la Sarthe in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to change the tires on a race car and then drive a high-speed lap around the Circuit Bugatti with a professional driver. Once the lap was completed, they received their next clue at the winners' podium.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to drive themselves to the Phare de Sainte Marie lighthouse in Marseille, where they found their next clue.
 * This leg's Fast Forward required one team to find the Musée de Tapisseries in Aix-en-Provence and then arrange a 20-piece puzzle to form a picture of the Château des Alpilles. Tian & Jaree won the Fast Forward.
 * Teams who did not attempt the Fast Forward had to drive to the Gorges du Blavet in order to find their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Ropes or Slopes . In Ropes, teams had to rappel down a cliff and then hike a short way to the clue. In Slopes , teams would have had to walk down a much longer trail to the same clue. All teams chose Ropes.
 * After the Detour, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: the Château des Alpilles in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.

Leg 5 (France → Netherlands)

 * Episode: "You Are Just Deliberately Trying to Make Us Lose!" (June 26, 2003)
 * Prize: A seven-day Mexican Riviera cruise (awarded to Millie & Chuck)
 * Eliminated: Steve & Dave
 * Locations
 * Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (Château des Alpilles)
 * Marseille → Amsterdam, Netherlands
 * Amsterdam (Magere Brug → Scheepvaart Museum)
 * Amsterdam (Molen van Sloten)
 * Alkmaar (Alkmaar Cheese Market) or Zuiderwoude (Ranch)
 * Monnickendam (Smoker Statue)
 * Muiden (Kasteel Muiderslot)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to fly to Amsterdam, Netherlands. Once there, teams had to find the "White Skinny Bridge" (the Magere Brug), where they found their next clue. Teams had to take a boat and, using a provided map, navigate through the Amsterdam canals to the Scheepvaart Museum, in order to find their next clue.
 * This leg's Fast Forward required one team to travel to the Molen van Sloten. There, each team member was strapped onto the sails of the windmill and had to endure ten rotations once the windmill was set in motion. Millie & Chuck won the Fast Forward.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between 500 Kilograms or 15 Feet . In 500 Kilograms, teams drove to Alkmaar's outdoor market, donned wooden clogs, and used a wooden stretcher to carry cheese from a stockpile to a scale. Once they'd transported exactly 500 kg of cheese, teams received their next clue. In 15 Feet , teams drove to a ranch outside Amsterdam that processed cow manure into fertilizer, and had to search through a pile of manure 15 ft high for their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to get on a marked boat, catch 25 eels with their hands, and transfer them in a container in order to receive their next clue, which directed them to the Pit Stop: the Muiden Castle in Muiden.

Leg 6 (Netherlands → India)

 * Episode: "I Could Have Never Been Prepared For What I'm Looking at Right Now" (July 3, 2003)
 * Prize: A seven-night cruise to the Hubbard Glacier (awarded to David & Jeff)
 * Eliminated: Monica & Sheree
 * Locations
 * Muiden (Kasteel Muiderslot)
 * Amsterdam → Mumbai, India
 * Mumbai (Film City)
 * Mumbai (Dhobi Ghat or P. Amarlel Clothing Shop)
 * Mumbai (Sassoon Docks – Indo Universal Engineering)
 * Mumbai (Gateway of India)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to fly to Mumbai, India. Once there, teams had to travel to Film City, where they were directed to ride bicycles through the movie backlot to a Bollywood sound stage, where they found their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Suds or Duds . In Suds, teams had to find an outdoor laundromat in Dhobi Ghat and hand wash a bundle of clothing in order to reveal their next clue imprinted on one piece of the clothing. In Duds , teams had to locate a clothing shop and search through hundreds of saris in order to find one imprinted with the clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to travel to the Sassoon Docks in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to carry twenty fish out of a large catch of mixed fish to the market manager in order to receive their next clue, which directed them to the Pit Stop: the Gateway of India.

Leg 7 (India)

 * Episode 7: "We're Going Down the Wrong Side of The Freeway... and the Lights Are Off!" (July 10, 2003)
 * Prize: A seven-night cruise to the Western Caribbean (awarded to David & Jeff)
 * Eliminated: Tian & Jaree
 * Locations
 * Mumbai (Gateway of India)
 * Panvel → Kochi (Ernakulam Junction)
 * Ernakulam (National Highway 47)
 * Alleppey (Sports Field on the Alappuzha–Changanassery Highway)
 * Alleppey (Beach Road)
 * Alleppey (Punnamada Lake – The Finishing Point)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to travel by overnight train to Ernakulam Junction in the Ernakulam neighborhood of Kochi. Once there, teams had to search along a stretch of highway for a clue hidden amongst thousands of yellow-and-red billboards.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to take part in bull racing by hanging onto a team of bulls running across a mud course in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to travel to Beach Road in order to find their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Baskets or Trunks . In Baskets, teams had to load ten live chickens into baskets on a bicycle-powered wagon and then pedal to a farm, where they could exchange the chickens for their next clue. In Trunks , teams had to load two bales of coir onto an elephant and then ride the elephant to a coir shop, trading their cargo for their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: Punnamada Lake in Alleppey.

Leg 8 (India → Malaysia)

 * Episode 8: "The Priestess Reminded Me of My Grandmother. She Was Very Old But Still Very, Very With It" (July 17, 2003)
 * Prize: A trip to Mexico (awarded to Jon & Al)
 * Locations
 * Alleppey (Punnamada Lake – The Finishing Point)
 * Kochi → Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
 * Penampang (Monsopiad Cultural Village)
 * Kota Kinabalu (Kota Kinabalu Boat Jetty)
 * Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park (Manukan Island)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to fly to Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. Once there, teams went to the Monsopiad Cultural Village, where they received a traditional Malaysian blessing and their next clue. They were directed to travel to Jesselton Point, which was referred to as the "Kota Kinabalu Boat Jetty", and had to choose a boat that took them to a fishing trawler, where they found their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Net or Trap . In Net, teams had to take their boat to a fishing platform and use a net to catch fifteen fish out of a pen in order to receive their next clue. In Trap , teams had to take their boat to a group of lobster boats and pull up one weighted lobster trap in order to retrieve the clue from inside.
 * After the Detour, teams had to travel by boat to Manukan Island in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to hit three targets using three different Malaysian weapons: a bow and arrow, a blowpipe, and a spear. After successfully hitting all three targets, teams could run to the nearby Pit Stop.
 * Additional note
 * This was a non-elimination leg.

Leg 9 (Malaysia)

 * Episode 9: "We're Not at Charm School Learning How to Be a Gentleman, We're Racing" (July 24, 2003)
 * Prize: A Latin American vacation (awarded to Reichen & Chip)
 * Eliminated: Millie & Chuck
 * Locations
 * Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park (Manukan Island)
 * Ranau (Poring Hot Springs)
 * Sepilok (Sepilok Orangutan Sanctuary)
 * Sandakan (Trushidup Palm Oil Plantation)
 * Kinabatangan (Gomantong Caves)
 * Sepilok (Sepilok Nature Resort)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to travel by boat back to the mainland and then drive to the Poring Hot Springs in Ranau. There, teams had to cross a series of tree bridges in order to reach their next clue, which directed them to the Trushidup palm oil plantation in Sandakan.
 * This leg's Fast Forward required one team to drive to the Sepilok Orangutan Sanctuary. There, the team had to hike to a feeding station in the jungle and feed two pieces of fruit to an orangutan. Reichen & Chip won the Fast Forward.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Chop or Haul . In Chop, teams had to chop down palm nut bunches with a clue attached. However, only one out of every four envelopes contained a clue. In Haul , teams used a wheelbarrow to carry 25 palm nut bunches to a truck. When the truck was fully loaded, it was driven forward and revealed the teams' next clue underneath.
 * After the Detour, teams had to drive to Gomantong Caves in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to climb a rattan ladder to a point 50 ft above the Gomantong Caves floor in order to grab a basket and retrieve their next clue from inside.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: the Sepilok Nature Resort.

Leg 10 (Malaysia → South Korea)

 * Episode 10: "That's Me. That's My Face. Just Hit My Face. Hit My Face!" (July 31, 2003)
 * Prize: A Caribbean vacation (awarded to Kelly & Jon)
 * Locations
 * Sepilok (Sepilok Nature Resort)
 * Sandakan (Puu Jih Shih Temple)
 * Kota Kinabalu → Seoul, South Korea
 * Seoul (Namsan Park – Seoul Tower)
 * Cheorwon (Hantan River – Rafting Korea)
 * Seoul (Subway Station 228)
 * Seoul (Taekwondo Dojang or Restaurant)
 * Seoul (Gyeongbokgung Palace – Geunjeongjeon Hall)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to travel to the Puu Jih Shih Temple and search through thousands of tiny Buddha figurines for one with their names on it. Behind the figurine was a key to a rattan bag holding their next clue, which instructed them to return to Kota Kinabalu and then fly to Seoul, South Korea. Once there, teams had to travel to Namsan Park and find their next clue at the base of the Seoul Tower. Team then had to travel to Rafting Korea in the Sundam Valley in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to plunge into the icy Hantan River and swim under the ice to an exit hole. Once their body temperature rose to a safe level, a doctor cleared them to leave and gave them their next clue.
 * After the Roadblock, teams were instructed to travel back to Seoul and to search Station 228 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway in order to find their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Strong Hands or Strong Stomach . In Strong Hands, teams used a map to find a Taekwondo dojang, where both team members had to break three sets of wooden boards in order to receive their next clue. In Strong Stomach , teams used a map to find a restaurant where both team members had to eat san-nakji – raw octopus – in order to receive their next clue.
 * After the Detour, teams had to check in at the Pit Stop: Gyeongbokgung Palace.
 * Additional note
 * This was a non-elimination leg.

Leg 11 (South Korea → Australia)

 * Episode 11: "Such a Nice Pheromone Smell to You; Just Makes Me Want to Stay Close to You" (August 7, 2003)
 * Prize: A trip to Mexico (awarded to David & Jeff)
 * Eliminated: Jon & Al
 * Locations
 * Seoul (Gyeongbokgung Palace – Geunjeongjeon Hall)
 * Seoul (Yeouido Island – Hangang Park)
 * Seoul → Brisbane, Australia
 * Sunshine Coast (Beach)
 * Brisbane (City Centre – Holiday Inn)
 * Mooloolaba (UnderWater World)
 * Mooloolaba (Mooloolaba Yacht Club)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams were instructed to go to Hangang Park, where they had to pull on a string in order to release their next clue dangling from a kite. This clue instructed teams to fly to Brisbane, Australia.
 * This season's final Fast Forward required one team to drive to a beach on the Sunshine Coast and pass a lifeguard test by paddling surfboards into a heavy surf, pulling a swimmer out of the water, and returning her safely to the beach. David & Jeff won the Fast Forward.
 * Teams who did not attempt the Fast Forward had to travel to the Holiday Inn hotel and find the concierge, who led them to the penthouse, where they found their next clue.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Face First or Foot First . In Face First, teams had to complete a face-first rappel from the penthouse to the ground in order to receive their next clue. In Foot First , teams would have had to locate a nearby Sheraton hotel, race downstairs from the penthouse, across the street, and then up thirty stories to the roof where they would have received their next clue. All teams chose Face First.
 * After the Detour, teams drove to UnderWater World in Mooloolaba, where they found their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to don scuba gear, walk through an aquarium filled with sharks and rays, and then retrieve their clue from a treasure chest on the aquarium floor.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to travel on foot to the Pit Stop: the Mooloolaba Yacht Club.

Leg 12 (Australia)

 * Episode 12: "He's A Couple of Ticks Away From Having a Heart Attack" (August 14, 2003)
 * Prize: A trip to Europe (awarded to David & Jeff)
 * Locations
 * Mooloolaba (Mooloolaba Yacht Club)
 * Ferny Hills (Australian Woolshed)
 * Brisbane → Cairns
 * Cairns (Wild World)
 * Wangetti (Wangetti Beach)
 * Julatten (Off Road Rush)
 * Ellis Beach (Ellis Beach)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams had to search through one of three piles of wool in Ferny Hills for their next clue, which instructed them to fly to Cairns. Once there, teams had to drive to Wild World, where they had to follow a path to the crocodile pen. One team member had to use a feeding stick to feed a crocodile while their teammate took a picture with a digital camera. They then had to find the souvenir shop and develop their picture, where they found their next clue printed on the back.
 * This leg's Detour was a choice between Saddle or Paddle . In Saddle, teams had to search a stretch of beach on horseback in order to find one of four route markers, and then search a 25 yd radius for a cluster of clue envelopes. However, only one cluster contained the correct clue, while the other three instructed them to try again. In Paddle , teams would have had to inflate a kayak using a hand pump, push the kayak into the ocean, and paddle to an orange buoy in order to retrieve their next clue. All teams chose Saddle.
 * After the Detour, teams had to drive to Off Road Rush in order to find their next clue.
 * In this leg's Roadblock, one team member had to drive a race buggy at high speeds through a 7 mi course in order to receive their next clue, which directed them to the Pit Stop: Ellis Beach.
 * Additional note
 * This was a non-elimination leg.

Leg 13 (Australia → United States)

 * Episode 13: "It's Like Adam Building His First House!" (August 21, 2003)
 * Prize: US$1,000,000
 * Winners: Reichen & Chip
 * Second Place: Kelly & Jon
 * Third Place: David & Jeff
 * Locations
 * Ellis Beach (Ellis Beach)
 * Smithfield (Tjapukai Aboriginal Cultural Park)
 * Cairns (Cairns Airport – General Aviation Terminal)
 * Cairns → Kona, Hawaii
 * Hawaiʻi (Kaulana Bay)
 * Hawaiʻi (Hawaii Volcanoes National Park)
 * Hilo or Kona → Phoenix, Arizona
 * Phoenix (USS Arizona Memorial)
 * Tempe (Sun Devil Stadium)
 * Phoenix (Papago Park)
 * Episode summary
 * At the start of this leg, teams traveled to the Tjapukai Aboriginal Cultural Park, where they observed a traditional Aboriginal ceremony. After the ceremony, teams were presented with their next clue, which directed them to the General Aviation Terminal at Cairns Airport.
 * This season's final Detour was a choice between Wing It or Wander It . In Wing It, teams had to skydive in tandem with an instructor in order to retrieve their next clue at the landing zone. In Wander It , teams would have had to drive to a mangrove forest, find a boat, and then navigate out of the forest to the skydive landing zone in order to retrieve their next clue. All teams chose Wing It.
 * Teams were then instructed to fly to the Big Island of Hawaii. Once there, teams had to drive to the southernmost point of the United States – Kaulana Bay – in order to find their next clue.
 * In this season's final Roadblock, one team member had to swim out to a floating tiki head and then dive down to retrieve a large stone from the ocean floor. They then had to carry it back to the beach and smash it open using an assortment of tools in order to find the clue inside.
 * After the Roadblock, teams had to travel to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, where they followed a path over a bed of volcanic rock to their next clue, which instructed them to fly to Phoenix, Arizona. Once there, teams had to find their next clue at the anchor of the USS Arizona at the Arizona Memorial. Teams were then instructed to travel to Sun Devil Stadium, where they had to solve a riddle in order to locate a specific seat where they found their final clue, which directed them to the finish line at Papago Park.
 * Additional note
 * David & Jeff, thinking they could get a faster flight to Hawaii through Sydney, were stranded in the Sydney Airport for so long that by the time they finally arrived in Hawaii, they received notification that the other teams had already crossed the finish line in Phoenix.

Critical response
Compared to the first three seasons, which were positively received, The Amazing Race 4 received more mixed reviews. Linda Holmes of Television Without Pity wrote "I loved a lot of things about the season, but that ending blew." Heather Havrilesky of Salon wrote that "'The Amazing Race' has always been an imaginative and well-produced show, but this year's lineup of couples has offered more hilarious calamities and personality clashes than usual." Kareem Gantt of Screen Rant wrote that "season four may not have had a cast that was particularly likable, but it did visit some cool locations". In 2016, this season was ranked 22nd out of the first 27 seasons by the Rob Has a Podcast Amazing Race correspondents.

Awards
In 2004, this season of The Amazing Race won the series its second consecutive Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality Competition Program.

title: The Amazing Race 4


text:
Trisyllabic laxing

Trisyllabic laxing, or trisyllabic shortening, is any of three processes in English in which tense vowels (long vowels or diphthongs) become lax (short monophthongs) if they are followed by two or more syllables, at least the first of which is unstressed, for example, grateful vs gratitude, profound vs profundity.

By a different process, laxing is also found in disyllabic and monosyllabic words, for example, shade vs shadow, lose vs lost.

Trisyllabic laxing
Trisyllabic laxing is a process which has occurred at various periods in the history of English:
 * 1) The earliest occurrence of trisyllabic laxing occurred in late Old English and caused stressed long vowels to become shortened before clusters of two consonants when two or more syllables followed.
 * 2) Later in Middle English, the process was expanded to all vowels when two or more syllables followed.
 * 3) The Middle English sound change remained in the language and is still a mostly-productive process in Modern English, detailed in Chomsky and Halle's The Sound Pattern of English.

The Middle English sound change occurred before the Great Vowel Shift and other changes to the nature of vowels. As a result of the changes, the pairs of vowels related by trisyllabic laxing often bear little resemblance to one another in Modern English; however, originally they always bore a consistent relationship. For example, tense was, and lax  was  at the time of trisyllabic laxing.

In some cases, trisyllabic laxing appears to take place when it should not have done so: for example, in "south" vs. "southern". In such cases, the apparent anomaly is caused by later sound changes: "southern" (formerly southerne) was pronounced when trisyllabic laxing applied.

In the modern English language, there are systematic exceptions to the process, such as in words ending in -ness: "mindfulness, loneliness". There are also occasional, non-systematic exceptions such as "obese, obesity" (, not *), although in this case the former was back-formed from the latter in the 19th century.

Disyllabic laxing
Several now-defunct Middle English phonological processes have created an irregular system of disyllabic laxing; unlike trisyllabic laxing which was one phonological change, apparent disyllabic laxing in Modern English is caused by many different sound changes:

 * please → pleasant
 * shade → shadow
 * pale → pallid

 * child → children
 * dine → dinner
 * divide → division

 * south → southern
 * out → utter

 * goose → gosling
 * fool → folly
 * food → fodder

 * cone → conic (and other words in -ic)
 * depose → deposit

Many cases of disyllabic laxing are due, as in southern and shadow above, to Middle English having had more unstressed sounds than Modern English: sutherne, schadowe. Cases such as please, pleasant and dine, dinner come from how French words were adapted into Middle English: a stressed French vowel was borrowed into English as an equivalent long vowel. However, if the stressed English vowel was originally an unstressed vowel in French, the vowel was not lengthened; examples of this which did not create an alteration are Old French pitee → Middle English pite  and Old French plais-  (stem of plaire) → Middle English plesen, plaisant  → plesaunt.

Some Latinate words, such as Saturn, have short vowels where from syllable structure one would expect a long vowel. Other cases differentiate British and American English, with more frequent disyllabic laxing in American English – compare RP and GA pronunciations of era, lever, patent, primer (book) and progress (noun), though there are exceptions such as leisure, produce (noun), Tethys, yogurt and zebra that have a short vowel in RP. On the other hand, American English is less likely to have trisyllabic laxing, for example in words such as dynasty, patronize, privacy and vitamin. Much of this irregularity is due to morphological leveling.

Monosyllabic laxing
Laxing also occurs in basic monosyllabic vocabulary, which presumably helps keep it active across generations. For example, the →  shift occurs in the past-tense forms of basic verbs such as feel, keep, kneel, mean, sleep, sweep, weep and – without a suffix -t – in feed, lead, read. Other shifts occur in bite → bit, do → done, go → gone, hide → hid, lose → lost, shoot → shot, etc.

title: Trisyllabic laxing


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Kogota, Miyagi

Kogota (小牛田町) was a town located in Tōda District, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 19,743 and a population density of 555.51 persons per km2. The total area was 35.54 km2.

History
On January 1, 2006, Kogota, along with the town of Nangō (also from Tōda District), was merged to create the town of Misato and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

Geography
The former town is situated in a rice growing area and serves as a shopping center for the surrounding area. The Naruse and Aikara rivers both flow through the former town.

Main sights
Major landmarks in the area include the Yamanokami Shrine and various ancient burial mounds dating from before 250BC.

Transport
Kogota Station connects the Tōhoku Main Line, Ishinomaki Line, and Rikuu East Line, all of the JR East railway network.

Twin towns
Kogota was a sister city of:
 * 🇺🇸 Winona (Minnesota, USA).

title: Kogota, Miyagi


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Nangō, Miyagi

Nangō (南郷町) was a town located in Tōda District, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 6,887 and a population density of 174.27 persons per km2. The total area was 39.52 km2.

title: Nangō, Miyagi


text:
Tōda District, Miyagi

 * List of Provinces of Japan > Tōsandō > Rikuzen Province > Tōda District
 * Japan > Tōhoku region > Miyagi Prefecture > Tōda District

Tōda (遠田郡) is a district located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

As of the Tajiri merger but with 2003 population estimates, the district had an estimated population of 45,374 and a population density of 289 persons per km2. The total area is 157.14 km2.

Towns and villages

 * Misato
 * Wakuya

History

 * April 1869 Tōda District attached to Wakuya Prefecture (涌谷県)
 * August 1869 Attached to Toyone? Prefecture (登米県)
 * 1871 With the Abolition of the han system, Tōda District is attached to Sendai Prefecture (modern Miyagi Prefecture)
 * 1889 With the establishment of municipal system, Wakuya Village (涌谷村), Motowakuya? Village (元涌谷村), Nonotake Village (箟岳村), Tajiri? Village (田尻村), Numabe Village (沼部村), Ōnuki? Village (大貫村), Kogota Village (小牛田村), Fudōdō Village? (不動堂村), Nakazone Village (中埣村), Kitaura Village (北浦村), Nangō Village (南郷村), Tominaga? Village (富永村) established
 * 1894 District Offices established in Wakuya Town
 * 1907 Kogota becomes a town
 * 1926 District Offices abolished
 * 1954 Kogota Town, Fudōdō Village, Kitaura Village, Nakazone Village, Shikitama Village merge to form Kogota Town
 * 1954 Tajiri Town, Numabe Village, Ōnuk Village merge to form Tajiri Town
 * 1954 Nangō becomes town
 * 1955 Wakuya Town, Nanotake Village merge to form Wakuya Town
 * January 1, 2006 Nangō and Kogota merged to form Misato.
 * March 31, 2006 Tajiri is absorbed in the formation of Ōsaki.

title: Tōda District, Miyagi


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Wakayanagi, Miyagi

Wakayanagi (若柳町) was a town located in Kurihara District, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 14,149 and a population density of 269.20 persons per km2. The total area is 52.56 km2.

On April 1, 2005, Wakayanagi, along with the towns of Ichihasama, Kannari, Kurikoma, Semine, Shiwahime, Takashimizu, Tsukidate and Uguisuzawa, and the village of Hanayama (all from Kurihara District), was merged to create the city of Kurihara.

Wakayanagi is located in the north of the Miyagi prefecture and the Sendai plain. The Hasama River runs through toward the southeast. The town had developed as a crossing point of the river. Wakayanagi Station (Ishikoshi Station) of the Kurihara Denen Railway had been near the north bank until its abolishment in 2007 and the town hall was located near south of the river. The main streets between them connect at the Wakayanagi Grand Bridge (Wakayanagi Ōhashi) across the river.

It has been a part of the rice cultivation zone of Miyagi prefecture, which was (and is) one of a few important rice production areas in Japan. Additionally, some middle or small industrial factories are located there.

title: Wakayanagi, Miyagi


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Kurikoma, Miyagi

Kurikoma (栗駒町) was a town in Kurihara District, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1955 with the consolidation of six municipalities, it was abolished in a merger forming the larger Kurihara City in 2005. The municipal area was 244.36 km2 and the population was 13,736 in 2005.

Geography
Kurikoma was located on the northwest border of Miyagi Prefecture with Iwate Prefecture and Akita Prefecture.

Kurikoma covered a narrow east–west area. Mount Kurikoma sat at the northwest border with Iwate Prefecture. It was the origin of the name of the municipality. The largest town of the area was Iwagasaki, which was 23 kilometers east of the mountain. Later Iwagasaki was often called Kurikoma because the municipal office was built there.

The western half of the municipality covered a part of the Ōu Mountains. This area is less populated but a ski and spa resort is located southeast of Mount Kurikoma. Two rivers, Nihasama and Sanhasama, run toward the southeast from the mountain. Both make valleys of 1 - 3 kilometers width on reaching the eastern area, which are mainly cultivated as rice fields. Iwagasaki is located on the north bank of Sanhasama River. Nihasama (Second Hasama), Sanhasama (Third Hasama) and Ichihasama (First Hasama) merge to form the Hasama River east of the former Kurikoma Town.

The eastern area was more populated than the west, but flatlands are limited to the above-mentioned valleys. The rest of the eastern half, especially almost all of the northeast quarter, was occupied by low hills of less than 500 meters height.

History

 * April 1, 1955 - Kurikoma Town was established through the consolidation of Iwagasaki Town (岩ヶ崎町) and the villages of Omatsu (尾松村), Toyasaki (鳥矢崎村), Monji (文字村), Kurikoma (栗駒村) and Himematsu (姫松村).
 * April 1, 2005 - Kurikoma Town was merged with the towns of Ichihasama (一迫町), Uguisuzawa (鶯沢町), Kannari (金成町), Shiwahime (志波姫町), Semine (瀬峰町), Takashimizu (高清水町), Tsukidate (築館町), Wakayanagi (若柳町) and the village of Hanayama (花山村) to form the new Kurihara City (栗原市).

title: Kurikoma, Miyagi


text:
Category:National parks of Norway

National parks of Norway.

title: Category:National parks of Norway


text:
Jimmy Shand

Sir James Shand (28 January 1908 – 23 December 2000) was a Scottish musician who played traditional Scottish dance music on the accordion. His signature tune was "The Bluebell Polka".

Life and career
James Shand was born in East Wemyss in Fife, Scotland, son of a farm ploughman turned coal miner and one of nine children. The family soon moved to the burgh of Auchtermuchty. The town now boasts a larger than life-sized sculpture of Shand. His father was a skilled melodeon player. Jimmy started with the mouth organ and soon played the fiddle. At the age of 14 he had to leave school and go down the mines. He played at social events and competitions. His enthusiasm for motor-bikes turned into an advantage when he played for events all round Fife. In 1926, he did benefit gigs for striking miners and was consequently prevented from returning to colliery work. One day Shand and a friend were admiring the instruments in the window of a music shop in Dundee. His friend said: "It wouldn't cost you to try one," so Shand walked in and strapped on an accordion. The owner, Charles Forbes, heard Shand play and immediately offered him a job as travelling salesman and debt-collector. He soon acquired a van and drove all over the north of Scotland. He switched to the British chromatic button accordion, an instrument he stuck with for the rest of his life.

Being a keen motorcyclist, Shand was also an enthusiastic supporter and spectator at the annual Isle of Man TT races. He also sponsored a motorcycle road racer from Errol, Perthshire called Jack Gow, a multiple Scottish Motorcycle Racing champion and later a motorcycle dealer in Dundee. Jack Gow was the son of Andy Gow who drove the bus which transported the Shand tour. Shand's interest in motorcycles began when a boyfriend of his sister had problems with his bike, which had broken down. Shand repaired it and was allowed to use it.

He failed an audition for the BBC because he kept time with his foot. At a time when gramophones were very much luxury items he made two records for the Regal Zonophone label in 1933. His career took off when he switched to making 78s for the Beltona label (1935–1940). Most of the Beltona recordings were solo, but he experimented with small bands. This boosted sales. He appeared in a promo film shown in cinemas. While the image showed his fingers moving in a blur, Shand was disappointed to hear the sound track playing a slow air. He was prevented from joining the RAF by a digestive disorder, and spent the war years in the Fire Service. On New Year's Day morning in 1945 he made his first broadcast with "Jimmy Shand and his Band". This was the first of many such BBC radio and television appearances.

Works
Soon after the war he became a full-time musician, and adopted a punishing life-style later adopted by rock bands. He would play Inverness one night, London the next night and still drive the van back to bed in Dundee. He took his trademark bald head, Buddy Holly spectacles and full kilted regalia, Scottish reels, jigs and strathspeys to Australia, New Zealand and North America, including Carnegie Hall in New York. Now on the EMI/ Parlophone label, he released one single per month in the mid 1950s, including his only top 20 hit in the UK Singles Chart – "The Bluebell Polka" (1955). It was produced by George Martin. He was awarded an MBE in 1962. This period is remembered affectionately by Richard Thompson, who played Shand tunes on his Henry the Human Fly and Strict Tempo! albums. Thompson's Scottish father had been a keen Shand collector. In 1991, Thompson paid tribute to Shand with an original song, "Don't Sit on My Jimmy Shands", from his 1991 album Rumor and Sigh.

In 1972, Shand went into semi-retirement. From then he played only small venues in out-of-the-way places for a reduced fee. He was made a freeman of Auchtermuchty in 1974, North East Fife in 1980 and Fife in 1998. He became Sir Jimmy Shand in 1999. His portrait is in the Scottish National Gallery, close to Niel Gow. In 1983, he released a retrospective album with the cheeky title The First 50 Years. At the age of 88, he recorded an album and video with his son, Dancing with the Shands.

More than 330 compositions are credited to Jimmy Shand. He recorded more tracks than the Beatles and Elvis Presley combined. In 1985, British Rail named a locomotive Jimmy Shand. He was dissatisfied with the chromatic button-key accordions available on the market in the 1940s so he designed his own one. The Hohner company manufactured the "Shand Morino" until the 1970s. He is the only artist worldwide to have his name used by the Hohner company as a model name for a musical instrument. There is a biography The Jimmy Shand Story: The King of Scottish Dance Music by Ian Cameron (2001). A number of his older recordings have been re-released by Beltona Records.

Since the 1950s the crowd at Dunfermline Athletic F.C. have left the ground after the game to the sound of Shand's "The Bluebell Polka".

title: Jimmy Shand


text:
Uguisuzawa, Miyagi

Uguisuzawa (鶯沢町) was a town located in Kurihara District, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan.

On April 1, 2005, Uguisuzawa, along with the towns of Ichihasama, Kannari, Kurikoma, Semine, Shiwahime, Takashimizu, Tsukidate and Wakayanagi, and the village of Hanayama (all from Kurihara District), were merged to create the city of Kurihara.

Geography
Uguisuzawa was located on the border between the Ōu Mountains and the Sendai plain. The Nihasama River starts here and runs through the town. The Namari River, a branch of the Nihasama also runs through Uguisuzawa.

Demographics
In October 1999, the town had an estimated population of 3,246.

The population as calculated in previous National Censuses was as follows.

History
The village of Uguisuzawa dated back to the Edo period. It gained town status on April 1, 1951, by merging with nearby Fukuro Village - Uguisuzawa comprises Fukuro, Nango, and Hosokura villages. On April 1, 2005, Uguisuzawa was dissolved as a municipality, becoming part of the city of Kurihara.

Rail
Uguisuzawa was served by the Kurihara Den'en Railway Line, which closed in March of 2007 due to low ridership. Three stations on the line were located within Uguisuzawa:
 * Uguisuzawa Station
 * Uguisuzawa Kōgyōkōkō Mae Station
 * Hosokura Mine Park Mae Station

Road

 * National Route 457

Education

 * Miyagi Uguisuzawa Technical High School (renamed Iwagasaki Technical High School after merging with Iwagasaki High School in the nearby town of Kurikoma)
 * Uguisuzawa Junior High School (closed/merged with Kurikoma Junior High School April 1, 2013)
 * Uguisuzawa Elementary School

Places of interest

 * Hosokura Mine Park
 * Film set of Tokyo Tower: Mom and Me, and Sometimes Dad filmed in Uguisuzawa's Hosokura district in 2007.

Notable persons from Uguisuzawa

 * Ichiro Ichikawa, politician

title: Uguisuzawa, Miyagi