text:
Magenta petrel

The magenta petrel (Pterodroma magentae), or Chatham Island tāiko, is a small seabird in the gadfly petrel genus, Pterodroma. Found exclusively on Chatham Island, New Zealand, it is one of the rarest birds in the world, believed to be extinct for over 100 years before its rediscovery in the 1970s.

Description
This medium-sized petrel has a brownish-grey head, neck, and upper breast, with white underparts. The undersides of the wings are brown. It has a black bill and pink legs. Adults weigh 400–580 g.

The bird nests in 1–3 m long burrows under dense forest. They form long-term monogamous pair bonds, raising one egg at a time, and both partners incubate the egg and feed the chick. The breeding season is between September and May, during which time the birds forage over the open ocean.

History
Fossil records and historic records show that tāiko used to be the most abundant burrowing seabird on Chatham Island, though has not been found to have lived on other islands. Moriori, the indigenous people of the Chatham Islands, harvested tāiko among other birds for food, as evidenced by bones of tāiko found in midden deposits.

The first specimen of the Magenta petrel was collected from His Italian Majesty's ship Magenta on July 22, 1867, in the South Pacific Ocean, midway between New Zealand and South America. The name 'Magenta petrel' and the scientific name P. magentae come from this ship.

The tāiko was believed for be extinct for 111 years. Conservationist David Crockett and his team began to investigate sightings reported by locals in the 1970s, and Crockett caught a tāiko on 1 January 1978. It was another ten years before a tāiko burrow was discovered. This discovery confirmed the link between the specimen collected by the Magenta and the live birds.

Conservation
Formerly widespread on Chatham Island, the tāiko is now confined to the forested Tuku Valley on the south-west of the island. The species is one of the rarest birds in the world. The species is classified as critically endangered due to an assumed population decline in excess of 80% in the last 60 years and the fact that it is restricted to one small location. In the 2005 breeding season, the 13 known breeding pairs successfully fledged 11 chicks. In 2017, 34 breeding pairs were being monitored. The current population is estimated at between 80 and 100 mature individuals.

The main threats to the species are introduced mammalian predators, principally cats and rats, other threats are present from feral pigs collapsing burrows. The land on which tāiko were first rediscovered was privately owned by Manuel and Evelyn Tuanui, who in 1983 donated 1283 hectares of land to the government to protect the species, becoming the Tuku Nature Reserve. In a 2004 report, about 80 percent of tāiko breeding burrows were in this reserve. The Tuanui family were also founding members of the Chatham Island Taiko Trust, an organisation formed to promote taiko conservation work.

A conservation strategy is in place on the island to translocate chicks to an area where the main threats have been removed called the Sweetwater Secure Breeding Site. Studies in other petrel species such as the Manx shearwater, wandering albatross, and Cory's shearwater, have shown that birds return to the site in which they fledged. In 2007, eight chicks were successfully translocated and fledged from the breeding site. There has also been a predator-proof fence built around a small area of land since 2006, 60 tāiko have been relocated to this area.

title: Magenta petrel


text:
Talk:The Smurfs

Semi-protected edit request on 9 December 2017
On second paragraph of "Smurfs" section, Sassette, Smart and a child who wears Farmer hat are not included in the 100 year old exceptions.Laranjatomate (talk) 22:26, 21 November 2022 (UTC)

2602:306:3A4B:DD60:B541:67D:3B8B:5CE7 (talk) 01:12, 9 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. HindWikiConnect  01:18, 9 December 2017 (UTC)

Snorks?
There was a TV show with underwater creatures called Snorks who used the word "snork" as the Smurfs use "smurf". My assumption is that the Snorks were a Smurfs copy. If anyone knows the real story and could add a small section, that would be helpful. Than you. four tildes — Preceding unsigned comment added by 24.5.207.235 (talk) 18:52, 16 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Of course it's a copy, or a tribute, I don't know, as the "schtroumpfs" are much older. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.91.51.235 (talk) 03:22, 30 June 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 16 September 2019
In the subject name, it is said that Smurf is a Dutch translation of the name for the Stroumpf. That is not exactly right. The word Smurf didn't exist in the Dutch language until then. Reinrovers (talk) 20:35, 16 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. — KuyaBriBri Talk 22:26, 16 September 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 28 April 2020
±

Smurf Economy = Communism
The Smurf economy as currently described in the article is completely identical to communism. It even paraphrases From each according to his ability to each according to his needs. I feel this should probably be mentioned, and the article for communism should be added as a Template:See_also or Template:Main. Crockett623 (talk) 11:21, 16 January 2021 (UTC)
 * What you have written there is a classical example of original research. The policy WP:NOR explicitly prohibits us from adding content to articles based on original research. If you can find a notable reliable source that says the same thing, it may make sense to include it. HiLo48 (talk) 18:09, 16 January 2021 (UTC)

Three apples high
The article wrongly claims the Smurfs are "three apples high". They were probably described thusly in the original texts, but "three apples high" is a French idiom meaning "very small", and must not be taken literally. If you look at the comics, you can see the Smurfs are actually smaller than that.

 * I have put it in quotes, as it is indeed not "our" official measurement, but a quote from the original comics (in French of course) and from the Smurf.com website (the reference after the statement). Fram (talk) 17:29, 26 February 2021 (UTC)

The Smurfs — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.77.249.86 (talk) 23:51, 9 March 2022 (UTC)

Shouldn't this article have some representative picture of a smurf?
Maybe a low-resolution comic panel or something? It should be fair use in this context. It seems weird that the only depictions of smurfs here are sculptures, when the subject is a long running comic book / animated video series. –jacobolus (t) 04:56, 7 July 2023 (UTC)

 * @Jacobolus Yes, fair use surely allows us to have one image here. Feel free to WP:BEBOLD and add one. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 00:47, 16 August 2023 (UTC)

Video game
I was cleaning the video game section and noticed that the game list on this page and on List of The Smurfs video games did not match (also why are we repeating thremcan anyone find any sources for the games or should we go and remove them Fan Of Lion King 🦁 (talk) 22:15, 25 July 2023 (UTC)

 * @Fanoflionking Finding sources shouldn't be that hard. Might be best to move all game content to a list so there's only one place listing them. Any that are notable and have reception etc. can be summarized back here. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 00:46, 16 August 2023 (UTC)

Proposal: merge individual Smurf albums into the List of The Smurfs albums
I suggest merging most if not all Smurf albums into a single list, as I fear they fail WP:GNG (right now they seem to be very badly written, with no references, some are misisng infoboxes, and of course none have info on awards, reception,e tc. They are listed here: Category:The Smurfs books. Similar things have been done following Articles for deletion/Les Collines noires to many Lucky Luck albums ( List of Lucky Luke albums). See also test case of Les Schtroumpfs Joueurs, where after my talk request for sources (unanswered) and then a prod, it was redirected here by User:Kvng. I'll also ping participants of the mentioned AfD: User:Fram, User:BoomboxTestarossa, User:Siroxo, User:Sgeureka. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 00:41, 16 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Support such a merge as it's worked well so far with Lucky Luke. —siroχo 04:07, 16 August 2023 (UTC)
 * Support. While at least some of the early books are certainly notable (e.g. the Black/Purple Smurfs, but also the anti-fascist King Smurf, or Schtroumpf Vert et Vert Schtroumpf about the Belgian language divide), they can always be recreated if and when someone is willing to write a decent article. Until then, a redirect to a list would be best (also for other series like Yoko Tsuno or Buck Danny or most European comics, though not Tintin obviously). Fram (talk) 07:21, 16 August 2023 (UTC)

 * Support yes, definitely, excellent idea. As @Fram says that preserves page history should any be suitable for standalone articles down the line, and shows respect for the work on the original pages while making an article that's more suitable for Wikipedia =) BoomboxTestarossa (talk) 07:30, 16 August 2023 (UTC)
 * @BoomboxTestarossa @Fram @Siroxo I noticed, belatedly, we have The Smurfs (comics) which seems to be more or less the List of The Smurfs albums I suggest to be created. Quick question: should we move that article to the name I proposed? Should we do a WP:RM? Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 12:26, 27 September 2023 (UTC)
 * The Example (comics) disambiguator for comics series is pretty well-established by WP:NCCDAB, and the article does cover the series as a whole, so I am hesitant to move that page. We could either include prose list entries at the bottom of this article (and use in-page links to help readers jump down), or we could have just tables/line-item lists in this article and link to sections of the new article for the prose list entries. —siroχo 16:20, 27 September 2023 (UTC)
 * PS. Having read that article I think it would be best to redirect my proposed list... article to The_Smurfs_(comics). Then various albums currently failing GNG can be redirected there. How does that sound? Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 12:27, 27 September 2023 (UTC)
 * I would create the "List of ..." as a redirect to The Smurfs (comics) or a subsection, rather than moving the current article. It discussed the magazine publications, Marvel issues, and so on, which go beyond the simple "list of". And then also redirect the vast majority of the individual comics articles, without prejudice against recreating those that are notable and where someone will actually show this in the article. I would at first glance not redirect The Purple Smurfs, King Smurf, and perhaps The Smurfette and Schtroumpf Vert et Vert Schtroumpf (some good sources but not a lot of content). The others, as they stand, have no reason to remain separate articles. Fram (talk) 12:38, 27 September 2023 (UTC)
 * Fair. I've redirected the red link (list) for now. I'll be slowly redirecting the rest, time and will permitting, and I'll take a second look at the ones you mentioned. If you could find sources for any that you prefer to remain as articles, and good sources you are aware of are not present in the articles, mentioning said sources on talk and adding sources exist to the current article would be very helpful. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 00:50, 28 September 2023 (UTC)
 * @Fram (Forgot to ping in reply) Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 00:50, 28 September 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 14 November 2023
There are actually 101 original Smurfs including Smurf Etter. Papa Smurf has 99 sons and 1 daughter. That’s 100, but Papa Smurf makes 101. 2601:18C:8282:8AA0:4C63:FAAE:705F:CC (talk) 00:25, 14 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. voorts (talk/contributions) 03:17, 14 November 2023 (UTC)

MOS:MINORWORK
Re this. Please see MOS:MINORWORK: we need to use quotation marks for the titles of "Story lines that span multiple issues of a periodical". This paragraph is about a story line that spans multiple issues of a periodical. Same page says: "The convention of italicizing non-English words and phrases does not apply to proper names; thus, a title of a short non-English work simply receives quotation marks.". --Omnipaedista (talk) 12:30, 26 February 2024 (UTC)

 * This is not just such a story line, this is a complete story from a notable series, intended to (and actually published as) a separate and important work, though with the title slightly altered. This is not some story line which doesn't exist as a separate work, this is a full comic album and later movie. Fram (talk) 12:36, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * This paragraph is not about the separate work. The separate work, La Flûte à six Schtroumpfs, is a comic album. "La Flûte à six trous" is a story (the article says that), not a comic album. "Minor" here just means that it is not a separate work in its original form. --Omnipaedista (talk) 12:44, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * It's the exact same work. "all subsequent publications of the original story were retitled La Flûte à six Schtroumpfs ", the "album" is a "story" as well. It's not a minor work within a later album. It doesn't change from a minor to a major work just by getting one word in the title changed. Fram (talk) 12:47, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * It does change from a minor work to a separate work when it becomes a separate work (published on its own—even if the content is exactly the same). MOS:MINORWORK is as explicit as it gets: we need to use quotation marks for the titles of "Story lines that span multiple issues of a periodical". --Omnipaedista (talk) 15:15, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
 * And as it has been published on its own, it is a separate work. Fram (talk) 08:40, 28 February 2024 (UTC)
 * Yes, the very same storyline also exists as a separate work (published under a different name). But the article says, "In 1958, Spirou magazine started to publish the Johan et Pirlouit story..." In this context we are not talking about the separate work, we are talking about its non-separate version. --Omnipaedista (talk) 13:58, 28 February 2024 (UTC)

"Smerf" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smerf&redirect=no Smerf] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Rusalkii (talk) 22:45, 2 April 2024 (UTC)

"Smerfs" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smerfs&redirect=no Smerfs] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Rusalkii (talk) 22:45, 2 April 2024 (UTC)

"The Smerfs" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Smerfs&redirect=no The Smerfs] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at  until a consensus is reached. Rusalkii (talk) 22:45, 2 April 2024 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 April 2024
Please remove the errant ref tag in the following text in the "Motion pictures" section: "A few more full-length Smurf films were made, most notably The Baby Smurf and Here are the Smurfs. created from episodes of the Hanna-Barbera television cartoon series." 76.14.122.5 (talk) 03:39, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made.  (talk | contribs) 03:48, 9 April 2024 (UTC)
 * Well that's certainly an interesting response. Let's try again --76.14.122.5 (talk) 04:59, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

✅ Because basic maintenance doesn't require sources.  -  Sumanuil  '''. ''' (talk to me) 05:36, 9 April 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:The Smurfs


text:
User talk:Hes Nikke

Article Feedback
hi, i'm looking for feedback on any of my edits and/or articles here. thanks Hes Nikke 09:22, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)

Messages
Welcome to Wikipedia. :) --huwr 10:14, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks, i've been a lurker since it was recommended you set http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Randompage as my home page in some slashdot article ;) I've been changing things as i see fit, but I'm still a little timid... --Hes Nikke 07:03, Aug 14, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hes Nikke


text:
Alien Act 1705

The Alien Act 1705 (3 & 4 Ann. c. 6) was a law passed by the Parliament of England in February 1705, as a response to the Parliament of Scotland's Act of Security 1704, which in turn was partially a response to the English Act of Settlement 1701. Lord Godolphin, the Lord High Treasurer, was instrumental in the Union of 1707 and all the acts leading up to it. The Alien Act was passed to prevent the inconveniences that would occur hastily if these two Kingdoms were not to become one Union.

The Alien Act provided that Scottish nationals in England were to be treated as aliens (foreign nationals), and estates held by Scots would be treated as alien property, making inheritance much less certain. It also included an embargo on the import of Scottish products into England and English colonies – about half of Scotland's trade, covering goods such as linen, cattle and coal. There was also an embargo on the export of arms, ammunition, and horses to Scotland so that they could not raise an army and invade England. Faced with the economic pressure the Scots decided to join England in union, something that certain interests in England had wanted for over a century. With the Union in 1707 free trade was established along with a single parliament.

The Act contained a provision that it would be suspended if the Scots entered into negotiations regarding a proposed union of the parliaments of Scotland and England. The Act demanded that a settlement of succession or authorize union negotiation by December 25, 1705. The Scots insisted that the Alien Act be repealed before entering into treaty negotiations. In late December, news that both the Commons and the Lords had agreed to repeal the act reached the north. Combined with English financial offers to refund Scottish losses on the Darien scheme, the Act achieved its aim, leading to the Acts of Union 1707 uniting the two countries as the Kingdom of Great Britain.

title: Alien Act 1705


text:
List of student newspapers

The following is a list of the world's student newspapers, including school, college, and university newspapers separated by countries and, where appropriate, states or provinces:

Albania

 * University of Tirana – Reporteri

Argentina

 * University of Buenos Aires – La Res Publica

Armenia
American University of Armenia – The Bridge

Vienna

 * Webster University Vienna – Jugendstil newspaper
 * Universität für Bodenkultur Wien – ÖH_Magazin
 * Universität Graz – Libelle

Belgium

 * Ghent University – Schamper
 * University of Antwerp – dwars
 * Katholieke Universiteit Leuven – Veto
 * Vrije Universiteit Brussel – De Moeial
 * Hogeschool Gent – BOX

Chile

 * Colegio de la Preciosa Sangre de Pichilemu – CC.AA. C.P.S. (2010–13)
 * University of Chile – Bello Público

Czech Republic

 * Anglo-American University – Lennon Wall
 * University of New York in Prague – Perception

Egypt

 * The Insider Student Newspaper – The Insider Student Newspaper
 * The German University in Cairo (GUC) – The Insider GUC
 * The American University in Cairo (AUC) – Caravan
 * The American University in Cairo (AUC) – The Independent
 * The Canadian International College (CIC) – The Insider CIC

Helsinki

 * University of Helsinki – Ylioppilaslehti
 * Helsinki School of Economics – Kylteri
 * Helsinki University of Technology – Polyteekkari

Turku

 * University of Turku – Turun ylioppilaslehti

Tampere

 * University of Tampere – Aviisi

Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh

 * Aligarh Muslim University – AMU Journal is an independent AMU students run newspaper and online News/Media portal

Rourkela, Odisha

 * NIT Rourkela – Monday Morning – The Official e-newsletter of NIT Rourkela and accredited as the second largest student media body of India

Ahmedabad, Gujarat

 * The School Post, Published by Times Communication is the first independent monthly newspaper for school children.

Raipur, Chhattisgarh

 * The Bucket List – Independent Students Magazine of Chhattisgarh

Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh

 * Harcourt Butler Technical University – Fortnightly students newsletter The Pulse of HBTU, (Printed form)

Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
World's First Mobile Run Magazine Editor-in-chief – Prince Tiwari
 * Banaras Hindu University (BHU) – Mrigtrishna Magazine

Mussoorie, Uttarakhand

 * The Woodstocker – The official online student newspaper of Woodstock School, established in 2017 after a shift from the student print publication, "The Tiger."

Dehradun, Uttarakhand

 * The Doon School Weekly – Official newspaper of The Doon School. Established in 1936, it is the oldest publication of Doon.
 * Unison Times – Official campus newspaper of IMS Unison University.

New Delhi, Delhi

 * Spotlight -NIT Delhi Official Newsletter of National Institute Of Technology Delhi
 * Campus Crunch Magazine – Nationwide College magazine, By Students For Students
 * Campus Drift – The first Students' newspaper of India Dedicated to Students reaching Colleges each month.
 * DUBeat.com – Delhi University Independent Online Student Newspaper
 * The Jamia Review – Jamia Millia Islamia University's Independent Media/News Organization managed exclusively by students.
 * NSIT – The Alliance Independent Online Student Newspaper
 * TAF Times – The Delhi TAF Times Independently run monthly Student Newspaper
 * DTU Times- DTU Times Official newsletter of DTU
 * Spaced Out – Official student magazine of School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi.
 * DU Assassins – Delhi University Student Newspaper

Manipal, Karnataka state

 * Manipal University The Manipal Journal (abbreviated as TMJ) Independent student-run news website

Indore, Madhya Pradesh

 * Goonj – A Daily Newspaper by The Students of India

Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

 * The Campionite– Official Monthly Newspaper of The Campion School Bairagarh

Mumbai, Maharashtra State

 * Fergusson College – The Ninth Wave
 * IIT Bombay – INSIGHT – The Third Eye
 * Sydenham College – SPEAK (A-Mag Presentation)
 * Somaiya Vidyavihar – VOICES – Your Word, Our Paper
 * VJTI, Mumbai – VJ.News – The Official VJTI Newsletter

Chandigarh, Punjab

 * PU Mirror, Panjab University
 * PU Pulse, Panjab University

Trivandrum, Kerala

 * The Sounding Rocket, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology

Malappuram, Kerala

 * Chilamb, Ponnani – The newspaper is published annually by Art Cafe Club, MES Ponnani College

Chennai, Tamil Nadu

 * IIT Madras – The Fifth Estate

Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu

 * NIT Tiruchirappalli – Feeds- The official college magazine and media house of NIT Trichy

Hyderabad

 * Elyuxen, independent student-run newspaper Independent Student-run newspaper in Hyderabad, Warangal, Vijayawada, Tirupathi, Vizag, Chennai, Bangalore, Mumbai, Pune and Mysore

Pune, Maharashtra State

 * Campus Times Pune, Students' News Blog & College Event Updates in Pune.
 * TILT – The ILIKE Times, Pune's First Independent Student Tabloid
 * The College Times – The Students Voice Platform.

Kolkata, West Bengal

 * Jadavpur University-"The JU Journal"

Kharagpur, West Bengal

 * IIT Kharagpur – The Scholars' Avenue

Haldia, West Bengal

 * Haldia Institute of Technology – The HIT Times

Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir

 * University of Kashmir – The Student Herald

Indonesia

 * Andalas University – UKPM Genta Andalas Universitas Andalas
 * Yogyakarta State University – LPM EKSPRESI
 * Satya Wacana Christian University – Scientiarum, E-Time
 * Gadjah Mada University – BPPM Balairung
 * State Institute for Islamic Studies – IDEA
 * Universitas Kristen Petra – "GENTA-Petra"
 * Brawijaya University Faculty of Social and Political Science – LPM Perspektif

Iran

 * "Ettefagh" Independent Student Journal – Islamic Azad University- Shahreza Branch Student Journal in Isfahan

Iraq

 * American University of Iraq, Sulaimani – AUIS Voice

Ireland

 * Ballyfermot College of Further Education – The Ballyfermot Post
 * Dublin City University – Campus – Official DCUSU Magazine, The College View – Student Newspaper, Flashback – The semesterly review magazine for DCU, St. Patrick's and Mater Dei.
 * National University of Ireland
 * University College Cork – UCC Express and Motley Magazine
 * University College Dublin – The University Observer and The College Tribune
 * University of Galway – Sin Newspaper
 * Maynooth University – The Print
 * Trinity College Dublin – Trinity News, The University Times
 * University College Cork
 * UCC Express
 * University of Limerick – An Focal

Italy

 * Bocconi University – Tra i Leoni

Japan

 * Keio University – Mita Campus
 * Chuo University Hakumon Herald
 * Tokyo City University TCU Press

Jordan

 * Jordan University of Science and Technology – Just For Just

Lebanon

 * American University of Beirut – Outlook

Malta

 * University of Malta – The Insiter

Malaysia

 * International Islamic University Malaysia – IIUMToday
 * Universiti Teknologi MARA – Dimensi

Nepal

 * BNKS Chronicle – Official school newspaper of Budhanilkantha school. Established in 2023.

Netherlands

 * University of Amsterdam – Rostra Economica
 * University of Amsterdam – The Amsterdammer

New Zealand
See also Aotearoa Student Press Association
 * Auckland University of Technology – Debate
 * University of Auckland – Craccum
 * University of Canterbury – Canta
 * Lincoln University – Caclin
 * Massey University, Palmerston North campus – Chaff
 * Massey University, Albany campus – Satellite
 * Massey University, Wellington campus – Magneto
 * Otago Polytechnic – Gyro
 * University of Otago – Critic Te Ārohi
 * Unitec – In Unison
 * Universal College of Learning – Crew
 * Victoria University of Wellington – Salient
 * Waikato University – Nexus

North Macedonia

 * International Balkan University – WeeklyBalkan

Oslo

 * University of Oslo – Universitas
 * Oslo katedralskole – Kort Sagt

Trondheim

 * Norwegian University of Science and Technology – Under dusken

Tromsø

 * University of Tromsø – Utropia

Bergen

 * University of Bergen – Studvest

China

 * China West Normal University – XiHua Online

Hong Kong

 * Chinese University of Hong Kong – Student Press (中大學生報)
 * University of Hong Kong – HKU Post (港大報)
 * University of Hong Kong – Undergrad (學苑)
 * Hong Kong University of Science and Technology – Wings (振翅)
 * Hong Kong Polytechnic University – PolyLife
 * City University of Hong Kong – City Print

Pakistan

 * Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, IBA Today

Metro Manila

 * Adamson University – Adamson News, Ugnayan, The Adamson Chronicle, The Sentinel
 * Arellano University – The Standard (Jose Rizal Campus)
 * Ateneo de Manila University – The Palladium (Law School), The GUIDON, (Loyola Schools), Matanglawin (Loyola Schools), Hi-Lites (High School) and The Eaglet (Grade School)
 * Claret School of Quezon City – Tanglaw, Claretian
 * Colegio de San Juan de Letran – The LANCE
 * De La Salle Araneta University – TINIG
 * De La Salle College of Saint Benilde – The Benildean
 * De La Salle University Manila – The LaSallian, Ang Pahayagang Plaridel, Malate Literary Folio, Green & White
 * Emilio Aguinaldo College – MAGDALO Editorial Board (College), The Magdalo Jr. (High School)
 * Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology – EARIST Technozette
 * Far Eastern University – FEU Advocate
 * Lyceum of the Philippines University – '
 * Mapúa University – The New Builder
 * Mater Carmeli School – The Carmelian
 * Miriam College – Chi Rho Publications
 * National University (Philippines) –  The National
 * National Teachers College – Fiat Lux
 * New Era University – Hudyat
 * Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina – CPAIPS: Center for Public Affairs, Information and Publication Services, The PLMar Tribune and Hayag Publications
 * Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila – Ang Pamantasan
 * Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa – The Warden Publication
 * Philippine Normal University – The Torch
 * Philippine State College of Aeronautics VAB Campus – Aeronautica
 * Polytechnic University of the Philippines – The Catalyst, The Communicator, Junior Managers, Tranvia, The Solicitor (College of Law)
 * Polytechnic University of the Philippines Taguig – The Chronicler
 * Quezon City Science High School – The Electron, Ang Banyuhay
 * Rizal Technological University – The Guardian
 * San Beda College Alabang – The Bedan Herald
 * San Beda University – The Bedan
 * San Beda University – College of Nursing – The Bedan Lamp
 * San Sebastian College – Recoletos – The Sebastinian
 * St. Scholastica's College Manila – The Scholastican, The Blue Flame, The Little Bluestockings
 * Technological Institute of the Philippines – TIP Voice
 * Technological University of the Philippines – The Philippine Artisan
 * Trinity University of Asia – Trinity Observer
 * Universidad de Manila – Ang Dalubhasa / La Universidad
 * University of Asia and the Pacific – The Bosun
 * University of Makati – The Makati Collegian
 * University of Santo Tomas – The Varsitarian
 * University of the East – The Dawn
 * University of the Philippines Diliman – The Philippine Collegian
 * University of the Philippines Manila – The Manila Collegian

Provincial

 * Alimodian – Blue Staedler, The Morning Sun (Elementary), The Hillside Echoes and Ali Mudin (High School)
 * Ateneo de Cebu – Seeds
 * Ateneo de Davao University – Atenews (College), Blue Knight (High School) and Magis (Grade School)
 * Ateneo de Iloilo – Ripples (High School) and Pebbles (Grade School)
 * Ateneo de Naga University – The PILLARS (College), The Blue and Gold (High School)
 * Ateneo de Zamboanga University – The Beacon (College), The Oculus (Senior High School), Vista de Aguila (Senior High School), The Blue Eagle (Junior High School) and The Quill (Grade School)
 * Angeles University Foundation – The Pioneer
 * Aquinas University of Legazpi – The Phoenix
 * Araullo University – ViewPoint
 * Baliuag University – Horizons
 * Bataan Peninsula State University – The GUILDS (Main campus) The DEFENDER (Balanga campus) The POLYTECHNICIAN (Orani campus), Ang Malasimbo (Dinalupihan campus), The GOLDEN PLOW (Abucay campus), The HERON (Bagac campus)
 * Bataan Heroes Memorial College – Ang BAYANI
 * Batangas State University – The LATHE
 * Benguet State University – The Mountain Collegian
 * Bicol University of Legazpi – The Bicol Universitarian
 * Bukidnon State University – The Collegianer
 * Bulacan Agricultural State College – The Soil Tiller
 * Bulacan State University – Pacesetter (College), The Busy Bee (High School)
 * Camarines Norte State College – Breakthrough
 * Capiz State University – The Quest Publication
 * Cavite State University – The Gazette
 * Cebu Institute of Technology – University – Techno (magazine) GearWatch (newsletter)
 * Cebu Normal University – Ang Suga
 * Cebu Technological University – The Nation Builder
 * Central Bicol State University of Agriculture (CBSUA) – The STATEANS
 * Central Philippine University – The Central Echo
 * Colegio ng Lungsod ng Batangas – CLIMB
 * De La Salle Lipa – Lavoxa
 * De La Salle University Dasmariñas – Heraldo Filipino
 * Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University – The Industrialist
 * First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities – The New Lighthouse
 * Filamer Christian University – The Hillside Echo
 * Gordon College – The Forefront
 * Holy Angel University – The Angelite
 * Iloilo Science and Technology University – The Technovator
 * La Consolacion University Philippines – Truth Courier
 * La Salle University (Ozamiz) – Tingog
 * Laguna State Polytechnic University (Los Baños) – The Baybreeze
 * Laguna State Polytechnic University (Santa Cruz) – The Gears
 * Laguna State Polytechnic University (San Pablo) – Technology Advocate
 * Laguna State Polytechnic University (Siniloan) – The Baybay Granary
 * Leyte Normal University (Tacloban) – An Lantawan
 * Lyceum of the Philippines University (Batangas) – Flambeau
 * Lyceum of the Philippines University (Laguna) – Voyage
 * Marinduque State University – The MSUians
 * Mariano Marcos State University (City of Batac, Ilocos Norte) – SIRMATA
 * Mindanao State University (General Santos) – BAGWIS
 * Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology – Silahis (undergraduate) and The Nexus (College of Law – Iligan Extension)
 * Mindanao State University (Marawi) – The Mindanao Varsitarian
 * Negros Oriental State University – The NORSUnian
 * Northern Iloilo State University – The Astrals
 * Notre Dame of Jolo College – SULUHAN
 * Notre Dame RVM-College of Cotabato (Cotabato)- Damyanista (Filipino), The Dame(English), Angel's Diary(Elementary)
 * Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology – The Blaze
 * Palawan State University – Pioneer (College), Practupians (High School), Fresh Ink (Elementary)
 * Partido State University – Radiance
 * Polytechnic University of the Philippines Santo Tomas – The Searcher
 * Ramon Magsaysay Technological University (Iba, Zambales) – The Bastion
 * Romblon State University – The Harrow, The CAS Torch
 * Saint Louis University (Philippines) – White and Blue
 * Saint Mary's University (Philippines) – The MARIAN
 * Saint Michael's College of Laguna – The Michaelean Herald
 * San Beda University – Little Bedan (Grade School), Cub Recorder (Junior High School), Bedan Roar (Senior Highschool)
 * San Pascual National High School (Batangas Province) – "The Bridge"
 * Siena College of Taytay – The SCENE Today
 * Silliman University – The Weekly Sillimanian
 * Southern Luzon State University – The Kingfisher
 * St. Paul University Philippines – The Paulinian (College), The Pauleen (High School), The Paulinette (Grade School)
 * Tarlac Agricultural University – Golden Harvest
 * Tarlac State University – The Work, The Oracle
 * University of Baguio – The Campus Pulse
 * University of Batangas – Westernian Advocate
 * University of Bohol – The Varsitarian
 * University of Cebu – LAKANDIWA
 * University of Eastern Philippines – The Pillar
 * University of Mindanao – Primum
 * University of Negros Occidental - Recoletos – Tolentine Star
 * University of Nueva Caceres – Naga City – The DEMOCRAT (College), The Pantograph (Senior High School), The Trailblazer (High School)
 * University of Perpetual Help System (Laguna) – UPHL Gazette, FIAT Publications (Senior High)
 * University of Perpetual Help System Laguna – Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University – Caduceus
 * University of Rizal System – The Legacy (Morong Campus), The Hilltop Chronicles (Tanay Campus), Tipolo (Antipolo Campus), The Petroglyphs (Angono Campus), The Pillars (Binangonan Campus), Pluma (Taytay Campus), The Chronicler (Cainta Campus)
 * University of San Agustin – USA Publications
 * University of San Jose Recoletos – FORWARD Publications
 * University of San Carlos – Today's Carolinian
 * University of Southeastern Philippines (Mabini) – The Stripper
 * University of Southeastern Philippines (Mintal) – The Vision
 * University of Southeastern Philippines (Obrero) – The Collegiate Headlight
 * University of Southeastern Philippines (Bislig) – The Maharlikan
 * University of Southern Mindanao – The Mindanao Tech
 * University of St. La Salle (Bacolod) – The Spectrum
 * University of the Assumption – Regina
 * University of the Cordilleras – The Alternative
 * University of the Immaculate Conception – The Collegiate Immaculate
 * University of the Philippines Baguio – Outcrop
 * University of the Philippines Cebu College – UP Tug-ani
 * University of the Philippines Diliman Extension Program in Pampanga – UP Frontliner
 * University of the Philippines Los Baños – UPLB Perspective
 * University of the Philippines Mindanao – Himati
 * University of the Philippines Visayas Tacloban College – UP Vista
 * Wesleyan University Philippines – Genré (College), The Wesleyanian (High School), The Graders (Grade School)
 * West Visayas State University – Forum-Dimensions
 * Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan – The Crusader (College), The Squire (Senior High School), PAG-ASA (Junior High School), The Page (Grade School)

Puerto Rico

 * School of Communication of the University of Puerto Rico – Diálogo

Cape Town

 * University of Cape Town – Varsity

KwaZulu-Natal Province

 * University of KwaZulu-Natal – Nux

Potchefstroom

 * University of North-West – Wapad

Pretoria

 * University of Pretoria – Perdeby

Stellenbosch

 * Stellenbosch University – Die Matie

Singapore

 * Ngee Ann Polytechnic – npTribune
 * Nanyang Technological University – Nanyang Chronicle
 * Nanyang Technological University – The Enquirer
 * National University of Singapore – The Kent Ridge Common
 * National University of Singapore – The Campus Observer
 * Yale-NUS College – The Octant

South Korea

 * Joongdong High School – The Lion's Pride

Sweden

 * Lund University – Lundagård
 * Malmö University College – Mahskara
 * Umeå University – Vertex
 * Royal Institute of Technology – Osqledaren

Göteborgs universitet Götherborgske Spionen

Taiwan

 * National Chengchi University – Uonline University News Online
 * National Taiwan University Student News www.ntusnews.org (臺大學生報)

Thailand

 * Suankularb Wittayalai School – Pimsuan

Turkey

 * Boğaziçi University – Dinamik Gazete
 * Bilkent University – GazeteBilkent
 * Istanbul Technical University – Arıyorum

United Arab Emirates

 * New York University Abu Dhabi – The Gazelle

title: List of student newspapers


text:
List of prime ministers of Benin

This is a list of prime ministers of Benin (formerly Dahomey) since the formation of the post of Prime Minister in 1960, to its abolition in 2016.

A total of six people have served as Prime Minister (not counting one Acting Prime Minister).

List of officeholders
{{legend|Black|Dahomeyan Democratic Rally (RDD)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|Gold|Dahomeyan Democratic Party (PDD)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#156CC4|Democratic Renewal Party (PRD)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Cowry Forces for an Emerging Benin (FCBE)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
 * Political parties

{{legend||Military|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend||Independent|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
 * Other factions

{{legend|#E6E6AA|Denotes acting prime minister}}
 * Status

title: List of prime ministers of Benin


text:
M. T. Vasudevan Nair

Madath Thekkepaattu Vasudevan Nair (born 15 July 1933), popularly known as M.T., is an Indian author, screenplay writer and film director. He is a prolific and versatile writer in modern Malayalam literature, and is one of the masters of post-Independence Indian literature. At the age of 20, as a chemistry undergraduate, he won the prize for the best short story in Malayalam at World Short Story Competition conducted by The New York Herald Tribune. His first major novel Naalukettu (Ancestral Home- translated to English as The Legacy), written at the age of 23, won the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award in 1958. His other novels include Manju (Mist), Kaalam (Time), Asuravithu (The Prodigal Son - translated to English as The Demon Seed) and Randamoozham ('The Second Turn' translated to English as 'Bhima - Lone Warrior' ). The deep emotional experiences of his early days have gone into the making of MT's novels. Most of his works are oriented towards the basic Malayalam family structure and culture and many of them were path-breaking in the history of Malayalam literature. His three seminal novels on life in the matriarchal family in Kerala are Naalukettu, Asuravithu, and Kaalam. Randamoozham, which retells the story of the Mahabharatha from the point of view of Bhimasena, is widely credited as his masterpiece.

M. T. Vasudevan Nair is a script writer and director of Malayalam films. He has directed seven films and written the screenplay for around 54 films. He won the National Film Award for Best Screenplay four times for: Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha (1989), Kadavu (1991), Sadayam (1992), and Parinayam (1994), which is the most by anyone in the screenplay category. He was awarded the highest literary award in India, Jnanpith, in 1995 for his overall contribution to Malayalam literature. In 2005, India's third highest civilian honour Padma Bhushan was awarded to him. He has won numerous other awards and recognition including Kendra Sahitya Akademi Award, Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award, Vayalar Award, Vallathol Award, Ezhuthachan Award, Mathrubhumi Literary Award and O. N. V. Literary Award. He was awarded the J.C. Daniel Award for lifetime achievement in Malayalam cinema for the year 2013. He served as the editor of Mathrubhumi Illustrated Weekly for several years. In 2022, he was honoured with the maiden Kerala Jyothi Award, the highest civilian award given by the Kerala Government.

Early life and family
Vasudevan was born in 1933 at Kudallur, a small village in Anakkara panchayat in Pattambi Taluk at northwestern tip of Palakkad district, which shares boundary with Malappuram district on three sides. His native place fell under Malabar District in erstwhile Madras Presidency of the British Raj. He was the youngest of four children born to T. Narayanan Nair and Ammalu Amma. His father was in Ceylon and he spent his early days in Kudallur and in his father's house in Punnayurkulam, a village in the present day Thrissur district. He completed his schooling from Malamakkavu Elementary School and Kumaranelloor High School. He had to break education after high school, and when he joined college in 1949, he was advised to opt for the science stream as it was felt that a degree in science secured a job faster than any other degree. He obtained a degree in chemistry from Victoria College, Palakkad in 1953. He taught mathematics in Pattambi Board High School and Chavakkad Board High School for over a year and worked in M.B. Tutorial College, Palakkad during 1955–56. He also worked as a gramasevakan at a block development office in Taliparamba, Kannur for a few weeks before joining Mathrubhumi Weekly as subeditor in 1957.

MT has been married twice. He married writer and translator Prameela in 1965. They separated after 11 years of marriage. He has a daughter from this marriage, Sithara, who works as a business executive in the United States. In 1977 he married dance artist Kalamandalam Saraswathy with whom he has a daughter, dancer Aswathy Nair. MT resides in Sithara, Kottaram Road, Kozhikode, named after his eldest daughter.

Short stories
MT began writing at a very young age, inspired by his elder brothers who wrote time and again in several literary journals and poet Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri who was his senior at high school. He initially wrote poems but soon changed to prose writing. His first published work was an essay on the diamond industry of ancient India, titled "Pracheenabharathathile Vaira Vyavasayam", which appeared in Keralakshemam, a biweekly published by C. G. Nair from Guruvayoor. His first story "Vishuvaghosham" was published in Madras-based Chitrakeralam magazine in 1948. The story which explores the feelings of a boy too poor to have crackers of his own, as he stands listening to the sounds of crackers coming from the houses of the rich celebrating the new year festival of Vishu: an overwhelming sense of loss, the painful realization that this is the way things are and the way they're likely to stay. His first book, Raktham Puranda Manaltharikal was published in 1952.

MT's first literary prize came to him while he was a student at Victoria College, Palakkad - his short story "Valarthumrigangal" (Pet Animals) won first prize in the World Short Story Competition conducted by The New York Herald Tribune, Hindustan Times and Mathrubhumi in 1954. It was a short story delineating the pathetic plight of circus artistes. The numerous stories that followed dealt with themes culled from widely different milieus and contexts but were uniformly successful and popular.

The noted collections of his stories are Iruttinte Athmavu, Olavum Theeravum, Bandhanam, Varikkuzhi, Dare-e-Salam, Swargam Thurakkunna Samayam, Vaanaprastham and Sherlock. "Iruttinte Athmavu" ("Soul of Darkness"), one of the most celebrated among his short stories, is the heart wrenching story of a 21-year-old man, regarded as a lunatic by everyone and treated abominably. The story reveals the insanity behind the civilised and supposedly sane world. The story "Sherlock" moves between the rural milieu familiar to MT's readers and the sophisticated world of Indian immigrants in the US, highlighting the contrast between them with subtle irony. MT wrote passionately of the cruelty hidden at the heart of a seemingly idyllic rural life ("Kurukkante Kalyanam" or "The Jackal's Wedding" and "Shilalikhithangal" or "Stone Inscriptions") and of the privations endured by those dependent on the agricultural cycle ("Karkitakom" and "Pallivalum Kalchilambum" or "Sacred Sword and Anklets"). In the story "Vanaprastham", he studies the delicately balanced relationship between a teacher and a student that has miraculously survived the years.

M. T. Vasudevan Nair is of the opinion that short story is a genre in which a writer can achieve near perfection. He, along with T. Padmanabhan, serve as bridges between the early modern short story writers in Malayalam, of the so-called renaissance, and the new short story of the late fifties and sixties.

Naalukettu and Asuravithu
MT's debut novel Pathiravum Pakalvelichavum (Midnight and Daylight) was serialised in Mathrubhumi Weekly in 1957. His first major work Naalukettu (The Legacy; 1958) is a veritable depiction of the situation which prevailed in a typical joint family when its fortunes is on a steady decline. The title attributes to Nālukettu, a traditional ancestral home (Taravad) of a Nair joint family. The novel remains a classic in Malayalam fiction. It contributed to the renewal of a literary tradition initiated by S. K. Pottekkatt, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Vaikkom Muhammad Basheer and Uroob in the 1950s. It was given the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award in 1959. It has had 23 reprints and was translated into 14 languages and had a record sale of a half a million copies (as of 2008) and still features in the best-seller lists. MT himself adapted the novel into a television film for Doordarshan in 1995. It won the Kerala State Television Award for the year 1996.

Asuravithu (The Demon Seed; 1972) which is set in a fictional Valluvanadan village named Kizhakkemuri can be considered almost as a sequel to Naalukettu. It has the same geophysical and socio-cultural setting. The novel describes the plight of the protagonist Govindankutty, the youngest son of a proud Nair tharavadu, as he is trapped between the social scenario, social injustice and his own inner consciousness. In Asuravithu there are clear indications of the damaging impact of an alien culture in the pollution of the indigenous culture and the disintegration of the family and the community. These two early novels—Naalukettu and Asuravithu—depict a phase in which the economic and cultural scenario of Kerala manifested symptoms which were to develop into dangerous ecocidal tendencies at a later stage.

Manju and Kaalam
His later novels, such as Manju (Mist; 1964) and Kaalam (Time; 1969), are characterised by profuse lyricism which cannot to be found in Naalukettu or Asuravithu. The eco-feminist theme of patriarchal domination and exploitation gains more prominence in Manju, MT's only novel with a female protagonist (Vimala). Set in the splendid landscape of Nainital, it stands apart as set in a milieu different from the usual one, the Valluvanadan village. The plot of the novel is allegedly similar to a Hindi story Parinde (Birds, 1956), by Nirmal Verma. However, both MT and Verma have rejected these claims.

In the novel Kaalam, MT returns to his favourite milieu, the dilapidated joint-family Nair tarwad set against the wider backdrop of the Valluvanadan village in the backdrop of the crumbling matrilineal order of Kerala in a newly independent India. Sethu, the protagonist, is toppled over by the eddies of social, cultural and economic transformation. Kaalam, though not strictly autobiographical, has a strong autobiographical element in it. Manju had a film adaptation in 1983, written and directed by MT himself. The novel also had a Hindi-language film adaptation titled Sarath Sandhya.

Randamoozham
Randamoozham (The Second Turn; 1984), retells the story of the Mahabharatha from the point of view of Bhimasena, supposed to be the son of Vayu; this is demystified or demythified in the novel. In this novel, Bhima gains, through the author's ironic undertones, a new psychological depth. "I have not changed the framework of the story by the first Vyasa, Krishna-Dwaipayana. I have read between his lines and expanded on his pregnant silences," says the author.

Varanasi
MT's latest novel is Varanasi (2002) which is an emotional journey to Varanasi, a pilgrim centre in North India. Varanasi opens with Professor Srinivasan's letter to Sudhakaran, the protagonist, referring to his unfinished thesis among his old books. The professor invites him to his home in Varanasi. Sudharkaran, in his sixties, and recovering from a prostrate procedure, decides to take the professor by surprise. He realises on arrival that the professor has recently died. The story evolves with a series of reminiscences, like a REM stream, in time transitions. The narration involves the third, first, and second person. In the train to Varanasi, Sudhakaran fishes out the book Kashi: The Eternal City by Sumita Nagpal, in which he is also acknowledged. By the time Sudhakaran finishes the book, he has traversed his life, his women, seen the demise of his well-wishers, moved through Varanasi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Paris, and Madras. He sees no need to complete his thesis — 'about the possibilities of Caliban' as once suggested by his professor for a scholarship at the university — and lets it go into the Ganga. He does the professor's last rites as also his own Atma Pindom (One's own funeral rites in anticipation of death). At the Dashashwamedh Ghat, Sumita, now an elderly woman, merely passes him by, not even recognising him. With no intricate plot, the novel is an experiment. It was well received in the literary circles but received criticism from critic and painter M. V. Devan.

Other works
MT wrote the novel Arabi Ponnu (The Gold of Arabia) along with N. P. Mohammed. MT and Mohamed stayed in a rented house in Karuvarakkundu village, Malappuram for a period of two weeks to complete this work.

MT has authored two books on the craft of writing—Kaathikante Panippura and Kaathikante Kala—and his anecdotal columns articles on various topics and speeches on different occasions have been compiled under the titles Kilivaathililude, Kannanthalippookkalude Kaalam, Vakkukalude Vismayam and Eekakikalude Sabdam. Manushyar Nizhalukal and Aalkkoottathil Thaniye are his travelogues.

He occupied and continues to occupy many important and powerful positions in various literary bodies including the presidency of Kerala Sahitya Akademi and the chairmanship of Tunchan Memorial Trust. He was an Executive Member of the Kendra Sahitya Akademi. The Library of Congress has in its collection sixty-two books, mostly by MT and some on him. Also, some of them are translations of his works into English. MT joined the Mathrubhumi Group of Publications in 1956. When he retired from there in 1998, he was their editor of periodicals and Chief Editor of Mathrubhumi Illustrated Weekly. On 2 June 1996, he was bestowed with honorary D.Lit degree by the Calicut University.

Film career

M. T. Vasudevan Nair is one of the most distinguished and well accepted script writers and directors in Malayalam cinema. He has directed seven films and written the screenplay for around 54 films. He won the National Film Award for Best Screenplay four times for: Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha (1989), Kadavu (1991), Sadayam (1992), and Parinayam (1994), which is the most by anyone in the screenplay category.

MT wrote his first screenplay, in 1965 for Murappennu, at the behest of producer Shobhana Parameswaran Nair. The film was an adaptation of his story "Snehathinte Mukhangal". The Hindu described it as "a well-made film with a compelling plot" and as "one of the most significant films in the history of Malayalam cinema".

MT was the first and foremost script writer in Malayalam who wrote screenplays after having learnt cinema as a distinctive visual art which has its own language, grammar and structure. It was only after he began writing screenplays the Malayali viewers began to consider film script as a distinctive genre which has its own genuine features. Also, it was M.T who elevated this medium of writing as a literary from.

MT's screenplays have won social attention for the portrayal of the social and cultural crisis in the contemporary life of Kerala. The disintegration of human values and relationship which creates identity crisis, sense of loss, dehumanisation, alienation from one's own surroundings, etc. have been presented in its depth by MT more than any other writers. The best examples are Kanyakumari, Varikkuzhi, Vilkkanundu Swapnangal, Sadayam, Asuravithu, Edavazhiyile Poocha Mindappoocha, Akshrangal, Aalkkoottathil Thaniye, Aaroodam etc. A salient aspect of MT's screenplays is the effective presentation of the ecological or geographical factors and elements making use of the visual possibilities of their portrayal. Another unique feature is the language employed in them. Some of his screenplays are known for giving new interpretations to historical characters and historical stories. For instance, he gives the legends woven around the popular story of Perumthachan a new interpretation in his screenplay, based on his own assessment of Perumthachan's character. According to the folklore Vadakkanpattu (Northern Ballads), Chandu is said to have betrayed his cousin because he was jealous of Aaromal's popularity and abilities. But MT's Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha presents an alternative version of the same legend, as it presents the incident from Chandu's perspective, suggesting that grave injustice has been done to Chandu by wrongly accusing him of replacing the rivets.

In 1973, M. T. Vasudevan Nair made his directorial debut with Nirmalyam which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film. The film is about a village oracle whose services are no longer needed by the community and whose family begins to fall apart. MT scripted and directed many more films including the award-winning Bandhanam, Kadavu and Oru Cheru Punchiri. Kadavu won awards at the Singapore International Film Festival and Tokyo International Film Festival. His cinema work also includes three documentaries and one TV series. He has written songs for the 1981 film Valarthumrugangal which were set to tune by M. B. Sreenivasan.

M. T. Vasudevan Nair was the chairman of Indian Panorama of the 46th National Film Awards (1998). He has also been a member of Film Finance Corporation, National Film Development Corporation and Film Censoring Committee. He has also served as a faculty in the Film and Television Institute, Pune.

Literary style and themes
MT was born and brought up in a sylvan village on the banks of Nila. The writer has so often acknowledged his indebtedness to the ethos of his village and to Nila which has ever been the mainspring of his creative inspiration. Nila occurs and re-occurs in MT's fiction, as a presence and as a symbol, endorsing this view. The staple locale of his fiction is the Valluvanadan village. The landscape and ethos of the Valluvanad region and the transformations undergone by them in the course of the century, involving relics of the tarawad and the communal tensions provide a challenging theme for the highly evocative style of Vasudevan Nair's narrative art. The temporal milieu of MT's fiction stretches over the second half of the twentieth century, a period of tremendous social, cultural and economic changes.

It was in the sixties that MT rose to prominence as a writer. The phase of social realism had come to an end. In his opinion, class-war the ideal which had inspired the writers belonging to the preceding generation had almost lost its relevance by the time he entered the literary career. The prominent Malayalam writers of the pre-independence phase—Thakazhi, Vallathol and Kesavadev—were all stimulated by the progressive leftist ideals. They focussed their attention on social conflict as the theme for their writings—Conflict between capital and labour, between the landlord and the tenant, between the oppressor and the oppressed. MT felt that this theme of conflict was an outdated phenomenon in the context of present Kerala. The protagonists of MT are men out of society and at war with themselves, a sharp contrast to the heroes of Kesavadev or Thakazhi who fight a losing war against the hostile forces in the society. MT, in spite of his broad and deep sympathy for the marginalized, doesn't identify himself with any particular political ideology or movement.

Honorary

 * 1996: Honorary Doctorate by University of Calicut
 * 1996: Honorary Doctorate by Mahatma Gandhi University
 * 2005: Padma Bhushan
 * 2008: Honorary Doctorate by Netaji Subhas Open University
 * 2022: Kerala Jyothi instituted by Government of Kerala

Literary awards

 * 1958: Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel – Naalukettu
 * 1970: Kendra Sahitya Academy Award – Kaalam
 * 1982: Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Drama – Gopura Nadayil
 * 1985: Vayalar Award for Randamoozham
 * 1986: Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Story – Swargam Thurakkunna Samayam
 * 1993: Odakkuzhal Award - Vanaprastham
 * 1994: Muttathu Varkey Award
 * 1995: Jnanpith Award for his contributions to Malayalam literature
 * 1998: Padmarajan Award - Kaazhcha
 * 2001: Bahrain Keraleeya Samajam Sahithya Award
 * 2003: Lalithambika Antharjanam Smaraka Sahitya Award
 * 2005: Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
 * 2005: Vallathol Award
 * 2005: Mathrubhumi Literary Award
 * 2011: Ezhuthachan Award
 * 2011: T. K. Puraskaram
 * 2011: Suvarnamudra Award
 * 2011: Mayilpeeli Award
 * 2013: Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
 * 2013: Sree Chithira Thirunal Award
 * 2013: K. P. S. Menon Award
 * 2014: Nalappadan Award 2014 for his Holistic Contributions to Malayalam Literature (Nalappadan Memorial Cultural Society-NMCS)
 * 2014: Suvarnamudra Award by Guruvayur Naadha Brahmolsavam
 * 2014: A. R. Raja Raja Varma Award
 * 2014: Kakkanadan Award
 * 2014: Balamani Amma Award
 * 2014: Tata-Landmark Literature Live! Lifetime Achievement Award
 * 2015: O.M.C. Narayanan Namboodiripad Memorial Devi Prasadam Trust's Award for Literature
 * 2015: Thakazhi Award
 * 2016: Deshabhimani Award
 * 2018: O. N. V. Literary Award
 * 2024: Amar Ujala Aakashdeep Award

Film awards

 * National Film Awards
 * 1973: Best Film – Nirmalyam
 * 1989: Best Screenplay – Oru Vadakkan Veeragatha
 * 1991: Best Screenplay – Kadavu
 * 1991: Best Feature Film in Malayalam – Kadavu
 * 1992: Best Screenplay – Sadayam
 * 1994: Best Screenplay – Parinayam
 * 2000: Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation – Oru Cheru Punchiri

 * Kerala State Film Awards
 * 1970: Best Screenplay – Olavum Theeravum
 * 1973: Best Film – Nirmalayam
 * 1973: Best Director – Nirmalayam
 * 1973: Best Screenplay – Nirmalayam
 * 1978: Best Film – Bandhanam
 * 1980: Best Story – Oppol
 * 1981: Best Screenplay – Thrishna, Valarthu Mrigangal
 * 1983: Best Story – Aaroodam
 * 1985: Best Story – Anubandham
 * 1986: Best Screenplay – Panchagni, Nakhakshathangal
 * 1987: Best Screenplay – Amrutham Gamaya
 * 1989: Best Screenplay – Oru Vadakkan Veeragadha
 * 1990: Best Screenplay – Perumthachan
 * 1991: Best Film – Kadavu
 * 1991: Best Director – Kadavu
 * 1991: Best Screenplay – Kadavu
 * 1994: Best Story – Sukrutham
 * 1994: Best Screenplay – Parinayam
 * 1998: Best Screenplay – Daya
 * 2000: Best Director – Oru Cheru Punchiri
 * 2009: Best Screenplay – Pazhassi Raja

 * Kerala Film Critics Association Awards
 * 1978: Best Screenplay – Bandhanam
 * 1980: Best Screenplay – Vilkkanundu Swapnangal
 * 1981: Best Story – Valarthumrugangal
 * 1982: Best Story – Vaarikuzhi
 * 1984: Best Screenplay – Aalkkoottathil Thaniye
 * 1985: Best Screenplay – Anubandham
 * 1985: Best Story – Anubandham
 * 1994: Best Screenplay – Sukrutham
 * 1997: Best Screenplay – Ennu Swantham Janakikutty

 * Other film awards
 * 1991: Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South
 * 1992: Singapore International Film Festival - Special Jury Award – Kadavu
 * 1992: Tokyo International Film Festival - Asia Future Prize – Kadavu
 * 1996: Kerala State Television Award – Naalukettu
 * 2003: Asianet Film Awards – Lifetime Achievement Award
 * 2016: Asianet Film Awards – Lifetime Achievement Award
 * 2013: J. C. Daniel Award by the Government of Kerala

Screenplays
Most of MT's screenplays are published as books. Some of the published works include:

title: M. T. Vasudevan Nair


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User:Zarkov

Hi.

title: User:Zarkov


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User:Ryan524~enwiki/Reasons To Make Me An Admin

Below I have comprised some reasons why you should make me an admin.

1. From what I hear, sysops have a one click button to revert an article to the last version, and man could I use that button, I work hard on reverting vandalism. 2. Given that it seems CoolDude is back with more proxies I would be willing to devote hours of my time searching for lists of free proxies and blocking them, with propor approval first 3. Even though I know I don't have at least 500 edits I feel that you should be able to trust me and I will use the sysop powers ONLY to fight vandalism on Wikipedia.

Listed above are three top reasons why I should be an admin, there are more but i don't have the time to type it all and you probably wouldn't have the time to read it all.


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Edward Fegen

Captain Edward Stephen Fogarty Fegen, (8 October 1891 – 5 November 1940) was a Royal Navy officer and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Edward Stephen Fogarty Fegen was born into a naval family, one of four children his father being Vice-Admiral F. F. Fegen MVO. He was born at 42 Nightingale Rd, Southsea, Hampshire, on 8 October 1891. At the age of 12, he entered Osborne Royal Naval College and in 1909, he was appointed Midshipman on HMS Dreadnought.

First World War
On 24 March 1918, while the British ship SS War Knight was proceeding up the English Channel in convoy, she collided with the United States oil carrier O.B. Jennings. It appears that the naphtha, which was on board the latter vessel, ignited, and the two ships and surrounding water were soon enveloped in flames. The master of O.B. Jennings gave orders that all the ship's available boats should be lowered, those on the starboard side were burnt, and the crew abandoned the ship in the port boats, whilst the master, chief engineer, chief officer and three others remained on board. HMS Garland, under the command of Lieutenant Fegen, with other destroyers, were proceeding to the spot to render assistance, when it was seen that one boat which had been lowered from O.B. Jennings had been swamped. Garland closed with O.B. Jennings, rescued the men from the swamped boat, and then proceeded alongside the ship, which was still blazing, and rescued those who were still on board. She afterwards proceeded to pick up the others who had left the ship in boats, rescuing in all four officers and twenty-two men. Lieutenant Fegen handled his ship in a very able manner under difficult conditions during the rescue of the survivors, while Quartermaster Driscoll worked the helm and saw that all orders to the engine-room were correctly carried out, and his actions during this rescue resulted in both being awarded Silver Sea Gallantry Medals.

Interwar service
A little later in his naval career, Fegen was seconded to the Royal Australian Navy, and during 1928–29, served as executive officer in the Royal Australian Naval College, which was located on Jervis Bay on the south coast of New South Wales. By coincidence, the vessel on which he later achieved fame (and death) was named after this bay.

Second World War
He was 49 years old, and an acting captain in the Royal Navy during the Second World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

On 5 November 1940 in the Atlantic, Captain Fegen, commanding the armed merchantman HMS Jervis Bay (F40), was escorting 38 ships of Convoy HX 84, when they were attacked by the German heavy cruiser GERMAN CRUISER Admiral Scheer (often termed a "pocket battleship"). Captain Fegen immediately engaged the enemy head-on, thus giving the ships of the convoy time to scatter. Out-gunned and on fire Jervis Bay maintained the unequal fight for 22 minutes, although the captain's right arm was shattered, and even after he died when the bridge was shot from under him. He went down with his ship but 31 ships of the convoy managed to escape – including MV San Demetrio.

He was remembered in Winston Churchill's broadcast speech on 13 May 1945 "Five years of War", as having defended Ireland's honour: "When I think of these days I think also of other episodes and personalities. I do not forget Lieutenant-Commander Esmonde, V.C., D.S.O., Lance-Corporal Kenneally, V.C., Captain Fegen, V.C., and other Irish heroes that I could easily recite, and all bitterness by Britain for the Irish race dies in my heart. I can only pray that in years which I shall not see, the shame will be forgotten and the glories will endure, and that the peoples of the British Isles and of the British Commonwealth of Nations will walk together in mutual comprehension and forgiveness."

The citation for Fegen's Victoria Cross was published in the London Gazette on 22 November 1940, reading: "The KING has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the VICTORIA CROSS to the late Commander (acting Captain) Edward Stephen Fogarty Fegen, Royal Navy for valour in challenging hopeless odds and giving his life to save the many ships it was his duty to protect.

On the 5th of November, 1940, in heavy seas, Captain Fegen, in His Majesty's Armed Merchant Cruiser Jervis Bay, was escorting thirty-eight Merchantmen. Sighting a powerful German warship he at once drew clear of the Convoy, made straight for the Enemy, and brought his ship between the Raider and her prey, so that they might scatter and escape. Crippled, in flames, unable to reply, for nearly an hour the Jervis Bay held the German's fire. So she went down, but of the Merchantmen all but four or five were saved."

In popular culture
Issue #47 of the comic book Hitman by Garth Ennis and John McCrea contains a fictionalized account of Fegen's last battle and the sinking of the Jervis Bay.

title: Edward Fegen


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Urban Outfitters

Urban Outfitters, Inc. (URBN) is a multinational fast-fashion company headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Operating in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, select Western European countries, Poland, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Qatar, the Urban Outfitters brand targets young adults with a merchandise mix of women's and men's fashion apparel, footwear, beauty and wellness products, accessories, activewear and gear, and housewares, as well as music, primarily vinyl records and cassettes.

The company was founded as the retail store Free People by Richard Hayne, Judy Wicks and Scott Belair in 1970 as a project for an entrepreneurship class at University of Pennsylvania. It was renamed to Urban Outfitters and incorporated in 1976.

Urban Outfitters, Inc. (URBN) carries multiple stores within the URBN portfolio of brands, which also includes Anthropologie, Free People, Terrain, BHLDN and the Vetri Family restaurant group. Much of the merchandise is designed and produced by the company's wholesale division on these multiple private labels.

Corporate history
In the 1970s, Dick Hayne opened a store and called it Free People in West Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As the store eventually grew from one to two storefronts, the name was changed from Free People to Urban Outfitters.

In 2007, the company received the National Preservation Honor Award from the National Trust for Historic Preservation for the Urban Outfitters Corporate Office Campus located on the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard.

In 2011, it agreed to sell limited editions of Polaroid ONE600 instant cameras and Type 779 instant film in partnership with the Austrian entrepreneur Florian Kaps, who acquired the rights to manufacture 700 copies of the defunct product. In January 2013, it hired the Abraham & Roetzel lobbying firm, led by former Republican Sen. Spencer Abraham, to advocate on its behalf in Washington, D.C., regarding retail industry policy.

In Q4 2015, the company announced plans to acquire the Vetri Family, a Philadelphia restaurant group. As the company was facing declining same store sales and foot traffic, the acquisition illustrated the retailer's shift in strategy. This includes restaurants Amis Trattoria, Bar Amis, and Pizzeria Vetri. There are two Pizzeria Vetri locations in Philadelphia, with other locations in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, Devon, Pennsylvania and Washington, D.C.

In 2019, the company drew attention by announcing the sale of used VHS tapes for $40. In the same year, Urban Outfitters launched Nuuly, a subscription clothing rental service. Following that, the company launched Nuuly Thrift, a resale platform for buying and selling women's, men's and kids’ apparel and accessories from URBN labels and other brands.

As of 2020, Urban Outfitters does not publicly disclose which factories produce the brand's clothing. It also has no human resources department.

In December 2022, Urban Outfitters announced the departure of its president, Francis Pierrel, from the company.

Criticism
Urban Outfitters' products have also been the subject of multiple complaints and criticism, largely from religious, ethical, and ethnic pressure groups including a local chapter of the NAACP, Anti-Defamation League and Navajo Nation for some of their products.

Labor practices
On November 27, 2009, URBN drew the attention of the Swedish press for denying collective bargaining rights to employees at their Stockholm store by making all 38 workers redundant and re-hiring them through employment agency Academic Work. In response to the move, ombudsman Jimmy Ekman called for tougher laws to prevent other firms denying collective bargaining rights in this way.

In 2019, a former executive of Chinese descent with 40 years at the company sued it for ethnic and age-based discrimination.

In 2021, the company only received a score of 11-20% in the Fashion Transparency Index, they also have no evidence of ensuring paying living wages to their employees.

title: Urban Outfitters


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Rakaa

Rakaa Taylor (born June 18, 1972) better known by his stage names Rakaa, Rakaa Iriscience, and Iriscience, is a rapper from Los Angeles, California. He is a member of Dilated Peoples alongside Evidence and DJ Babu.

Life and career
His mother was a half Korean adoptee who was born in Korea during the Korean War and came to the United States at an early age.

Rakaa released the solo debut album, Crown of Thorns, on Decon in 2010. It featured vocal contributions from Aloe Blacc, KRS-One, Chali 2na, Evidence, and Fashawn. It was produced by Exile, DJ Babu, Oh No, El-P, and The Alchemist.

Albums

 * Crown of Thorns (2010)

EPs

 * The Delilah EP (2010)

Singles

 * "Pay Attention" (2001)
 * "End to Means" (2003)
 * "New Maps" (2012)

Guest appearances

 * Funkdoobiest - "Stretchin'" from The Troubleshooters (1998)
 * Omid - "Who's Keeping Time?" from Beneath the Surface (1998)
 * The Mind Clouders - "Paranoia Shiek" from Fake It Until You Make It (1999)
 * DJ Vadim - "Friction" from U.S.S.R. Life from the Other Side (1999)
 * Swollen Members - "Counter Parts" from Balance (1999)
 * DJ Revolution - "The Revolution" from In 12's We Trust (2000)
 * Runaways - "Pounds 4 Dollars" from Progress (2000)
 * Mykill Miers - "Do the Math" from It's Been a Long Time Coming (2000)
 * Swollen Members - "RPM" from Bad Dreams (2001)
 * The Herbaliser - "Verbal Animé" from Something Wicked This Way Comes (2002)
 * Blackalicious - "Passion" from Blazing Arrow (2002)
 * Supernatural - "Work It Out" from The Lost Freestyle Files (2003)
 * Transplants - "Crash and Burn" from Haunted Cities (2005)
 * Boom Bap Project - "Cut Down Ya Options" from Reprogram (2005)
 * The Likwit Junkies - "Dark Ends" from The L.J.'s (2005)
 * Visionaries - "Need to Learn" from We Are the Ones (We've Been Waiting For) (2006)
 * Dan the Automator - "Champions" from Dan the Automator Presents 2K7 (2006)
 * Planet Asia - "Dilated Agents" from The Medicine (2006)
 * The Visionaries - "Need To Learn" from We Are the Ones (We've Been Waiting For) (2006)
 * Evidence - "Perfect Storm" from The Weatherman LP (2007)
 * Prince Ali - "The Path (East Bay Remix)" from Curb Side Service (2007)
 * Longevity - "Throwin Up Letters" (2007)
 * DJ Revolution - "Casualties of Tour" from King of the Decks (2008)
 * Craig G & Marley Marl - "Quality Work" from Operation: Take Hip-Hop Back (2008)
 * Looptroop Rockers - "Trance Fat" from Good Things (2008)
 * Collective Elements - "Innervision" from Collective Elements (2009)
 * Drunken Tiger - "Monster" (English Version) from Feel gHood Muzik : The 8th Wonder (2009)
 * DJ Honda - "Let It Out" from IV (2009)
 * Epik High - "Rocksteady" from E (2009)
 * Jerome XL - "Zet 'T Blauw" from De Laatste Dag (2010)
 * Chosen Few - "It's Good" from New World Symphony (2010)
 * El Da Sensei & The Returners - "Knowledge Be the Key" from Global Takeover 2: Nu World (2010)
 * Evidence - "Where You Come From?" from Cats & Dogs (2011)
 * Chino XL - "Take It Back" from Ricanstruction: The Black Rosary (2012)
 * Sirkle of Sound - "The Future" from The Awakening (2012)
 * Killa Hakan - "Berlin - Los Angeles" from Orijinal (2012)
 * Anarchy Reigns - Additional voices (2013)
 * Vlad Dobrescu - "Turnul Babel" from In Sfarsit (2013)
 * Collective Elements - "Night Write" from Nice Vibez (2013)
 * Snowgoons - "Nuclear Winter" from Black Snow 2 (2013)
 * Rebel Diaz - "Which Side Are You On?" from Radical Dilemma (2013)
 * LMNO - "March Madness" from After the Fact (2013)
 * King Kapisi - "Crush" form Hip Hop Lives Here (2013)
 * Step Brothers - "Tomorrow" from Lord Steppington (2014)
 * Separ - "Úspech" from Pirát (2014)
 * Pawz One - "Avalanche Warning" from Face the Facts (2014)
 * Ali a.k.a. Mind - "Nada Nos Para" from Mestizo (2014)
 * Apollo Brown & Ras Kass - "H20" from Blasphemy (2014)
 * Danny Diablo - "Time Is Money" from The Crackson Heights Project (2017)
 * Krazy Race - "Live & Learn" from The Rapture (2011)
 * HIT Rappers (feat. Gorzki, Snoop Dogg, Curtis Young, PMD, Kurtis Blow, Kokane ...) (2018)

title: Rakaa