text:
Talk:Goat (zodiac)

So, is it sheep or Goat?
So, is it sheep or Goat?

I think the answer is sheep. Here's my reasoning:

The Chinese character for animal in question is '羊', which is both the name of a subfamily and that of a genus. Sheep in Chinese is either '羊' or '綿羊'. Goat, on the other hand, is '山羊'. The online English-Chinese dictionaries I have consulted translate 'sheep' as either '羊' or '綿羊', but I've yet to see any that translates 'Goat' to just '羊'. The Chinese Wikipedia entry for '羊' (http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8A) says '羊' is also known as '綿羊', meaning that the character '羊' by itself, when referring to a genus, refers to sheeps.

 * If "sheep" is the correct term, then the box on the top right of the page ("The twelve animals of Chinese astrology") needs correcting.--SophiaEg 10:52, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

Bdelisle 08:26, 10 July 2006 (UTC)
 * 羊 alone appears to be sheep (generically), 綿羊 is also sheep; 綿 is I think a limitator which on its own appears to be "Wadding."  sheep ( 羊 ) or sheep with  ( 綿 ) is just a sheep. Mountain ( 山 ) with sheep ( 羊 ) seems to be Goat, or more specifically Mountain sheep / Mountain Goat ( 山羊 ).
 * ( 羊 ) sheep
 * ( 綿羊 ) sheep / Wadding sheep
 * ( 綿 ) Wadding
 * ( 山 ) Mountain
 * ( 山羊 ) Mountain Goat / Mountain sheep.

 * What about "ram"? Not that it's the proper translation, but isn't it the one that is most commonly used? 24.126.199.129 07:33, 26 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Apparently the ram applies to the western zodiac. But I feel that as a sheep, it should be called ram because it sounds more dignified.(Myscrnnm (talk) 06:05, 5 February 2008 (UTC))

 * ram, definitely, Bill gates, Steve Jobs, and others...--213.42.23.73 (talk) 18:30, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

Chinese Character
I thought the Chinese symbol for 'Year of the Goat' was 未, as apposed to 羊, which just means 'Goat'. I could be wrong though. Could somebody please verify which is correct. Sadako No Deshi 18:58, 18 July 2006 (BST)

No, that is totally incorrect. The character shown above (and in the main article) is seriously very wrong. It is "wei4", which has nothing to do with any animal or anything of that sort. It needs to be "yang2" as shown in the Goat discussion at the top of the page. This is a huge error. I made a link pointing to the correct character, but i'm having trouble getting wikipedia to recognize characters. Hopefully someone can take it forward from here.Lesotho 16:49, 22 April 2007 (UTC)

Papoose
I deleted Papoose the rapper from the list because firstly the link didn't go to him and secondly his birthday is December 1978. Schnizzle 08:57, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

List of Celebrities Sign (Chinese zodiac)
I vote for making a new article, List of Celebrities Sign (chinese zodiac) - with a list of famous persons of all signs (separeted by sign/element), something like the List of games Daniel Leite 04:25, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Since no one protested and I agree with you, I boldly went ahead and created the Category Category:List_of_Celebrities_(Chinese_Zodiac) and the subcategories for each sign. I'm currently adding the categories to the current Year of the Dog celebrities (I will remove the section afterwards, replacing it with a link).
 * Now, it would be great if you and all the other regulars (Maestro, VeronicaPR, IrishPearl etc.) would each take a Zodiac Sign and do the same, since it would take ages to do this alone. Teshik 12:39, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Split contested, candidate for deletion
Hrmpf. In the very minute I finally got the Dog article finished, the new categories were put up into the Deletion candidates. Go here for details, and please tell if you want the categories kept, deleted, or if you got another suggestion entirely. I've stopped editing for now. Teshik 15:00, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

remove list of people
Do not reply here; go to centralized discussion at Talk:Rat (zodiac). — coe l acan — 18:19, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Neutrality Issues and Word choice
The changes made to this article by ip address 74.104.188.160 seems to imply negative point of view towards people of the Goat sign and have added negative traits using word choice out of place with other traits (such as the word "misery" which is a noun amoung adjectives in the negative attribute section) and negative vague phrases prone to very open ended interpretation: "nasty little pieces of work." This gives the article somewhat of a biased and vague citiation of the negative qualities of Goat. Perhaps a personal explanation of the recent additions would help? 68.34.93.159 02:32, 24 April 2007 (UTC) Jean

 * Forget about "a personal explanation". It is an inappropriate description and I have edited it.  There is no need for that in wikipedia.  Lesotho 03:00, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I've taken a look down the history page. The changes made by 74.104.188.160 are numerous, and most of them are heavily POV(He is also active at other zodiac signs). Much of the article is now more or less bias, starting with his edits made on April 5th. He has received a warning at his talk page, and I will revert his edits as good as possible. But someone else has to look over the whole thing afterwards for better quality. Teshik 22:59, 24 April 2007 (UTC)

The real word is only Goat
There is no sheep in ancient china, as animal or zodiac sign, in other languages(italian, spanish, german, etc.) the animal is never called sheep is only called Goat. Also the sheep is from western astrology (Aries the ram) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 201.247.28.25 (talk) 19:29, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Simply Googling the words you used, "sheep in ancient china", gives me results indicating the exact opposite of what you claim. Some random examples:   . As far as I know all other languages have words for sheep and goats, so there is a distinction made between the two. From what I gathered so do speakers of Chinese, putting together mountain + sheep to mean goat. I think you're saying they all call the zodiac sign "sheep", but they could all be using the same mistranslation. Western languages often share information, rather than getting information from Chinese. The fact that the western astrology animal is a "sheep" is irrelevant since the two zodiacs aren't even related. So far evidence points to this animal being a sheep. Retodon8 (talk) 12:09, 30 January 2015 (UTC)

born of a Goat year input
Thinking to look here for kicks I found this most interesting and honest debate. Which one is it indeed? sheep, ram, or Goat? I think this may of been discussed into a good point however if any are unsure and still seek clarification I think it can be of assistence https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sheep_breeds  Their are not that many sheep breeds in china. In fact I do not know of a native sheep breed of china unlike Europe and Africa and  elsewhere. China, before the age of travel , had Goats. Not quite ram nor sheep in the western sense of the word but something closer to a kirin or something. In thinking about the animals they had to work with when forming this idea I to, think Goat would be the most correct wording. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 1zeroate (talk • contribs) 04:54, 15 December 2013 (UTC)
 * "In fact I do not know of a native sheep breed of china"-- Search for Mongolian sheep breeds, and you will find more than a few. Geoffrey.landis (talk) 22:15, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

Both sheep and Goat
I added in material referring to sheep, which seem to have been completely missing from the article. "Year of the sheep" is more commonly used in English than "year of the Goat" (although both are used), and note that this article is the redirect article for Sheep (zodiac) and Ram (zodiac), so these two terms need to be in the lede. I also point out that the sign is not only part of Chinese culture, but also in Japanese, Korean, Mongolian, and Vietnamese, among others. Unless we want one article for Sheep (Chinese Zodiac) and another for Sheep (Korean Zodiac), the article should have both. I also added in some citations discussing the term, and noting that both are used. Geoffrey.landis (talk) 22:13, 9 February 2015 (UTC)

 * Here's a reference (from Singapore) saying that both sheep and goat feature in popular celebrations, but "goat" is the more traditional in China: http://news.asiaone.com/news/singapore/sheep-muscle-year-goat . The source for saying that goat is more traditional seems to be simply interviewing two geomancers in Singapore (they also interview a scholar at the Department of Chinese Studies at the National University of Singapore, but the scholar doesn't suggest that one is more traditional, but simply says that the word could be either goat or sheep, or gazelle.) So my conclusion is that this isn't a reliable source in saying that goat is more traditional than sheep. However, I'll add it as a citation. Geoffrey.landis (talk) 19:11, 19 February 2015 (UTC)

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Sheep (zodiac)
According to most people, it should be Sheep (zodiac).

I sincerely request the holder of the access rights to move this page from Goat (zodiac) to Sheep (zodiac).

However I understand that in Vietnamese it is Goat (zodiac).

In other languages like Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Mongolian it is Sheep (zodiac).

I earnestly hope this move can be resolved amicably.

Goldlionpal (talk) 09:12, 29 February 2020 (UTC)

Remove list of people, again
Please chime in at Talk:Rat_(zodiac) regarding removing the list of people from all Chinese zodiac articles. -- Elmidae (talk · contribs) 18:27, 14 March 2020 (UTC)

Sheep/Goat/Ram (zodiac)
Upon reading the references provided, the "Sheep (zodiac)" is more substantiated than the "Goat (zodiac)". However Vietnamese zodiac translates it as a goat. The Japanese use the Chinese character 羊 (yang) to write the word 'hitsuji' meaning 'sheep'. In Japanese zodiac it is the Year of the Sheep. The Mongolian zodiac also translates it as the Year of the Sheep (хонь khon'). The Korean zodiac translates it as the Year of the Ram/Sheep: 양 (yang). The scientific subfamily Caprinae has been suggested as the closest match to the original 'yang', though some may beg to differ. It is not a common name. The word 'Ram' has been chosen as a neutral term that could be the middle ground between sheep and goats. A more democratic approach would be to adopt the egalitarian title "Sheep/Goat/Ram (zodiac)".

Goldlionpal (talk) 08:49, 27 March 2020 (UTC)

Sheep/Goat (zodiac)
The majority of cultures and people believe it to be a sheep but let’s not forget that a sizeable number also believe it to be a goat. The use of the term “ram” is also acceptable though less widely used than “sheep” or “goat”. It certainly would offend few people if “ram” was left out.

To do justice to the various cultures around the world, the title should be changed to Sheep/Goat (zodiac). While the term “Sheep” is preferred, it would be a daunting task to change all the “Goat” references in the document to “Sheep” references. The picture need not be changed as sheep can also have horns. This action might also meet with objection as “Goat” which many people believe in would be left out. A democratic approach would be to change all the “Goat” references in the document to “Sheep/Goat” references. However this would extend the length of every instance of the word where it appears. It might cause problems with the table formatting.

With the title positioned as “Sheep/Goat (zodiac)” it would then be clear to the reader that in the instances where “Goat” appears it would be perfectly reasonable to substitute it mentally with the word “Sheep”.

Goldlionpal (talk) 00:19, 1 May 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Goat (zodiac)


text: Category:Battles of the Punic Wars

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Battles of the Punic Wars


text:
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino

The Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (lit. 'Force of the Filipino Masses'), formerly Partido ng Masang Pilipino (lit. 'Party of the Filipino Masses'), is a populist political party in the Philippines. It is the political party of former Philippine President Joseph E. Estrada. In the May 1998 presidential election, it aligned itself with other political parties to form the Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (Struggle of the Patriotic Filipino Masses).

History
Originally named the Partido ng Masang Pilipino, the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino emanated from an organization which was an offshoot of the Economic Recovery Action Program (ERAP) organized by George S. Antonio in May 1990. The ERAP organization was formally launched on October 4, 1990 with 21 original members.

The organization grew exponentially with the recruitment of members nationwide. It was then that the PMP was accredited as a political party with the objective of helping to uplift the lives of the Filipino people, especially the poor and the disadvantaged, through effective and efficient social and economic reforms. Its first campaign headquarters was located at the 4th floor of San Buena Building, EDSA corner Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong. On August 20, 1991, PMP was formally accredited as a national political party.

In 1992, PMP took its first major political step by fielding then-Senator Joseph Estrada as its vice-presidential candidate together with other local candidates. Estrada became the running mate of Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr., the standard-bearer of the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC). Estrada overwhelmingly won the vice-presidency, defeating former Chief Justice Marcelo Fernan of the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino along with five other candidates.

In 1997, a permanent and fully operational headquarters was established at 409 Shaw Boulevard in Mandaluyong. In the 1998 Philippine general election, PMP was very much involved in the election with the candidacy of Estrada as president and other local candidates nationwide. PMP played a lead role in the establishment of the opposition coalition Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino (LAMMP), which also counted among its members the LDP and NPC. The coalition fielded full slates for the national and local levels. Card-bearing members reached as high as 3.2 million nationwide. Estrada won the presidential election, garnering almost 11 million votes and defeating nine other candidates including House Speaker Jose de Venecia Jr. of Lakas–NUCD–UMDP.

In 2001, PMP led the opposition coalition, fielding senatorial candidates from People's Reform Party and LDP as well as independent candidates. The Puwersa ng Masa coalition won four seats in the Senate, including one for Estrada's wife Luisa "Loi" Ejercito Estrada.

In 2003, the party's name Partido ng Masang Pilipino was changed to Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino. In April 2004, the PMP agreed to enter into a coalition with the LDP and Partido Demokratiko Pilipino–Lakas ng Bayan (PDP–Laban) to form the Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (KNP), the dominant opposition coalition for the 2004 Philippine general election. The coalition fielded actor Fernando Poe Jr. and Senator Loren Legarda as candidates for president and vice-president, respectively. Poe and Legarda lost the election to incumbent President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and Senator Noli de Castro.

In office
Today, PMP occupies three Senate seats as a member of the minority floor, occupied by Estrada's wife, Luisa Ejercito Estrada, who won in 2001, his son, former San Juan suburb Mayor Jinggoy Estrada and long-time Estrada colleague veteran politician Juan Ponce Enrile, the last two winning in 2004.

In the May 14, 2007 election, the party won three seats in the House of Representatives. Members of the Philippine House of Representatives are elected to serve three year terms.

In the 17th Congress, the party held one senate seat held by Estrada's son JV Ejercito, due to most members switching sides to PDP–Laban or UNA.

In the news
On January 18, 2008, Joseph Estrada's Partido ng Masang Pilipino (PMP) placed full-page advertisements in Metro Manila newspapers, blaming EDSA 2 of having "inflicted a dent on Philippine democracy". Its featured clippings questioned the constitutionality of the revolution. The published featured clippings were taken from Time, New York Times, Straits Times, Los Angeles Times, Washington Post, Asia Times Online, The Economist, and International Herald Tribune. Former Supreme Court justice Cecilia Muñoz Palma opined that EDSA 2 violated the 1987 Constitution.

Alfredo Lim, on August 20, 2008, resigned as head of Joseph Estrada's Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Partido ng Masang Pilipino – PMP) following a PMP's executive committee resolution removing him as president of the party. He was replaced by Joseph Estrada who is also the PMP chairman.

PMP-affiliated parties

 * Partido Magdiwang – San Juan
 * Partido Navoteño – Navotas
 * Asenso Manileño - City of Manila (2013-2019)
 * Partido Magdalo – Cavite
 * Hugpong ng Pagbabago – Davao Region

Notable members

 * Joseph Estrada – 13th President of Philippines, 11th Vice President, Senator, former San Juan Mayor, former Manila Mayor
 * Loi Estrada – Former Senator and 12th First Lady of the Philippines
 * Jinggoy Estrada – Acting Senate President, 22nd Senate President Pro-Temporate of the Philippines, Senator, former San Juan Mayor and Vice-Mayor.
 * Juan Ponce Enrile – 26th Senate President, Senator, Minister (Secretary) of National Defense, Assemblyman for Cagayan Valley, and Congressman of the 1st District of Cagayan.
 * Joseph Victor Ejercito – Senator, Congressman & former Mayor of San Juan; Lone district of San Juan
 * Guia Gomez – Mayor of San Juan, First Lady of San Juan (to then Mayor Joseph Ejercito-Estrada)
 * Tobias Reynald Tiangco – Congressman & former Mayor of Navotas; Lone district of Navotas
 * John Reynald Tiangco – Mayor of Navotas
 * Melencio "Jun" De Sagun, Jr. – former Mayor of Trece Martires
 * Melandres De Sagun – Mayor of Trece Martires
 * Leonisa Joana "Ona" Virata – Mayor of General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite
 * Harry William Acosta – Sangguniang Kabataan Federation, Pasay, former PMP Youth Chairman of National Capital Region
 * Didagen Dilangalen – former Congressman of 1st district of Maguindanao
 * Atty. Rufus Rodriguez – Congressman of 2nd district of Cagayan de Oro City
 * Jonvic Remulla – Governor of Cavite
 * Boying Remulla – Congressman of 7th District of Cavite
 * Jocel Baac – Governor of Kalinga
 * Emilio Ramon Ejercito – Governor of Laguna
 * Armando Sanchez – former Governor of Batangas (deceased)
 * Lito Atienza – former Mayor of Manila, Mambabatas Pambansa (Assemblyman) from Manila, Vice Mayor of Manila, Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources
 * Connie Dy – former Representative of Pasay
 * Hermogenes "HB" Perez, Sr. – former Mayor of Hagonoy, Bulacan
 * Roberto Oca – former Mayor of Pandi, Bulacan
 * Edwin C. Santos – Businessman Obando, Bulacan
 * Romeo G. Ramos – Mayor Cavite City
 * Francisco M. Domagoso – Mayor of Manila, former Vice Mayor of Manila, former director of North Luzon Railways Corporation, former undersecretary of Social Welfare and Development
 * Gary Jayson Ejercito-Estrada – Incumbent Board Member of Quezon Province 2nd district

Candidates for Philippine General Elections 2010
Senatorial Slate (8)
 * Joseph Estrada – Presidential Candidate (lost)
 * Jejomar Binay – Vice-Presidential Candidate (won)
 * JV Bautista (lost)
 * Juan Ponce Enrile (won)
 * Jinggoy Estrada (won)
 * Jun Lozada (lost)
 * Regalado Maambong (lost)
 * Francisco Tatad (lost)
 * Rodolfo Plaza (lost)
 * Joey de Venecia (lost)

Candidates for the 2013 Philippine general election
Senatorial Slate (9) United Nationalist Alliance

 * Nancy Binay, PDP–Laban (won)
 * Tingting Cojuangco, PDP–Laban (lost)
 * JV Ejercito Estrada, PMP (won)
 * Jack Enrile, Nationalist People's Coalition (lost)
 * Dick Gordon, Bagumbayan-VNP (lost)
 * Gringo Honasan, Independent (won)
 * Ernesto Maceda, Jr., PMP (lost)
 * Mitos Magsaysay, PDP–Laban (lost)
 * Migz Zubiri, PMP (lost)

Candidates for the 2016 Philippine general election

 * Rommel Mendoza – Presidential Candidate (backed out, supported the candidacy of former Vice President Jejomar Binay)

Senatorial Slate
 * Isko Moreno (lost)
 * Sandra Cam (lost)

title: Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino


text:
Lowell Ganz

Lowell Ganz (born August 31, 1948) is an American writer and producer. He is the long-time writing partner of Babaloo Mandel and has written for television, film, and theatre.

Ganz grew up in a Jewish family in Queens, New York, attending Martin Van Buren High School in Queens Village. He dropped out of college and moved to Los Angeles, California to pursue a career writing for sitcoms, starting with The Odd Couple. From there, he moved on to writing for the TV series Happy Days and created two of its spin-off series, Laverne and Shirley and Joanie Loves Chachi.

In 1982, Ganz and Mandel teamed up with Happy Days actors Ron Howard and Henry Winkler to make their first film, the low-budget comedy Night Shift, which was also actor Michael Keaton's first film; Howard signed on because he wanted to start directing while Winkler wanted to move away from his image as the Fonz. Ganz's second film outing, Splash, made stars of Tom Hanks and Daryl Hannah and earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay.

Ganz and Mandel went on to write several other films, four more of which were also directed by Howard, and one of which had Penny Marshall, who starred in Laverne and Shirley, as director. Four of their films have featured Billy Crystal, three have featured Michael Keaton, two have featured Tom Hanks, and two are about baseball. Ganz and Mandel are also widely used as Hollywood script doctors, known for their reliability and fast turnaround time.

Ganz lives in Los Angeles with his wife of more than 25 years. They have three children.

Screenwriting credits (in Collaboration with Babaloo Mandel)

 * Night Shift (1982)
 * Splash (1984) - Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay
 * Spies Like Us (1985)
 * Gung Ho (1986)
 * Vibes (1988)
 * Parenthood (1989)
 * City Slickers (1991)
 * Mr. Saturday Night (1992)
 * A League of Their Own (1992)
 * Greedy (1994)
 * City Slickers II: The Legend of Curly's Gold (1994)
 * Forget Paris (1995)
 * Multiplicity (1996)
 * EDtv (1999)
 * Where the Heart Is (2000)
 * Robots (2005)
 * Fever Pitch (2005) (adapted from the Nick Hornby book)
 * Tooth Fairy (2010)

Selected television credits

 * Hiller and Diller - executive producer
 * Joanie Loves Chachi - creator, writer, and producer
 * Laverne and Shirley - co-creator, writer, and producer
 * Happy Days - writer and supervising producer
 * The Odd Couple - writer

title: Lowell Ganz


text:
Manifesto for an Independent Socialist Canada

The Manifesto for an Independent Socialist Canada was a document drafted by a leftist faction of Canada's New Democratic Party, known as the Waffle, in 1969. When that group briefly left the NDP between 1972 and 1974, it became their party's main programmatic statement.

Manifesto positions
The Manifesto for an Independent Socialist Canada is also known as the Waffle Manifesto. It outlined the Waffle's deep resentment of the "American Empire" and the organization's commitment to furthering the socialist cause in Canada within the template of a successful democracy. The manifesto also included the Waffle movement's feeling toward Quebec sovereignty.

The Manifesto helped contribute to a debate on American control of the Canadian economy and particularly the extent of US ownership of Canadian business and resources and the emergence in Canada of a branch plant economy. The Liberal government of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau instituted attempts to assert domestic economic control such as the creation of Petro-Canada, meant to assert Canadian control of the energy sector, and the Foreign Investment Review Agency, intended to review and limit foreign ownership and particularly American takeovers of Canadian companies. These measures were introduced in part due to pressure by the NDP, particularly during the minority government that followed the 1972 election. The NDP, in turn, had urged these measures in part due to pressure by the Waffle within the party.

History
After 1974, when the Waffle's party, Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada, disbanded, the Manifesto for an Independent Socialist Canada became a historical document. The name of the NDP's Socialist Caucus's Manifesto for a Socialist Canada is an echo of the earlier document's influence.


text:
Zygalski sheets

The method of Zygalski sheets was a cryptologic technique used by the Polish Cipher Bureau before and during World War II, and during the war also by British cryptologists at Bletchley Park, to decrypt messages enciphered on German Enigma machines.

The Zygalski-sheet apparatus takes its name from Polish Cipher Bureau mathematician–cryptologist Henryk Zygalski, who invented it about October 1938.

Method
Zygalski's device comprised a set of 26 perforated sheets for each of the, initially, six possible sequences for inserting the three rotors into the Enigma machine's scrambler. Each sheet related to the starting position of the left (slowest-moving) rotor.

The 26 × 26 matrix represented the 676 possible starting positions of the middle and right rotors and was duplicated horizontally and vertically: a–z, a–y. The sheets were punched with holes in the positions that would allow a "female" to occur.

Polish mathematician–cryptologist Marian Rejewski writes about how the perforated-sheets device was operated:

"When the sheets were superposed and moved in the proper sequence and the proper manner with respect to each other, in accordance with a strictly defined program, the number of visible apertures gradually decreased. And, if a sufficient quantity of data was available, there finally remained a single aperture, probably corresponding to the right case, that is, to the solution. From the position of the aperture one could calculate the order of the rotors, the setting of their rings, and, by comparing the letters of the cipher keys with the letters in the machine, likewise permutation S; in other words, the entire cipher key."

Like Rejewski's "card-catalog" method, developed using his "cyclometer", the Zygalski-sheet procedure was independent of the number of plugboard plug connections in the Enigma machine.

Manufacture
The Cipher Bureau's manual manufacture of the sheets, which for security reasons was done by the mathematician-cryptologists themselves, using razor blades, was very time-consuming. By 15 December 1938 only a third of the job had been finished.

On that date, the Germans introduced rotors IV and V, thus increasing the labor of making the sheets tenfold, since ten times as many sheets were now needed (for the now 60 possible combinations of sequences, in an Enigma machine, of 3 rotors selected from among the now 5). On 25 July 1939, five weeks before the outbreak of World War II, the Polish General Staff's Cipher Bureau disclosed to their French and British allies, at Warsaw, their cryptologic achievements in breaking Enigma ciphers. Part of the disclosures involved Zygalski's "perforated-sheet" method.

The British, at Bletchley Park, near London, England, undertook the production of two complete sets of perforated sheets. The work was done, with the aid of perforators, by a section headed by John R.F. Jeffreys. The sheets were known at Bletchley as Netz (from Netzverfahren, "net method"), though they were later remembered by Gordon Welchman as "Jeffreys sheets"; the latter term, however, referred to another catalog produced by Jeffreys' section.

The first set was completed in late December 1939. On 28 December part of the second set was delivered to the Polish cryptologists, who had by then escaped from German-overrun Poland to PC Bruno outside Paris, France. The remaining sheets were completed on 7 January 1940, and were couriered by Alan Turing to France shortly thereafter. "With their help," writes Rejewski, "we continued solving Enigma daily keys." The sheets were used by the Poles to make the first wartime decryption of an Enigma message, on 17 January 1940.

In May 1940, the Germans once again completely changed the procedure for enciphering message keys (with the exception of a Norwegian network). As a result, Zygalski's sheets were of no use, though the Herivel tip could still be used.

title: Zygalski sheets


text:
User:Gadykozma

I am taking a wikivacation, probably permanent. Good bye and thanks for all the fish. 03:34, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)

title: User:Gadykozma


text:
Talk:List of athletes on Wheaties boxes

Duplicate pages
Hey, I accidentally created a page at List of athletes on Wheaties boxes instead of actually moving this page (List of Wheaties athletes) there, so now I need someone with sysop privileges to do this (since the page is already there, but cleared). No information will be lost, since I've been the only one working on it and I got a nice suggestion to move the page but messed it up.

Thanks noobs

Unattested
Can anybody who can confirm the ID of the nicknamed guys on this list please include them on the List of athletes by nickname? Thanx! Trekphiler 14:44, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

San Antonio Express-News
maybe David Robinson and Tim Duncan should be on this list?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:External_peer_review#San_Antonio_Express-News well, yes Zheliel (talk) 09:51, 23 October 2008 (UTC)

What about the 2005 & 2007 spurs appearing on the box?--72.183.200.78 (talk) 12:47, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

Has anybody tried to contact wheaties for a list?
hmmm? HighInBC 03:36, 3 May 2006 (UTC)

Check out this: /letter from General Mills, I emailed them and they gave what looks like a partial list. have all these been included?

Jesus Christ- Dodgeball?
I need some help here. I have looked all over for some confirmation of the existence of a Jesus Wheaties box. Can someone confirm this and if not, how did it get on the list? And, while we're at it, Woody Allen? Again, I can find no confirmation. Doktorf 02:43, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

Suggestion, sortable categorized list
Would be nice to have a list that was sortable by date, type of sport and recipient.TCO (talk) 20:59, 3 September 2008 (UTC)
 * And nearly 4 years later....I've finally done this. There are still a lot of dates and some sports missing, but all the information that was in the article before, I have preserved in the sortable table. Rreagan007 (talk) 20:28, 19 August 2012 (UTC)

Jerry Sandusky prank?
The presence of Jerry Sandusky on this list of Wheaties athletes (in 2012, after he was indicted for numerous counts of child abuse) is an offensive prank--right? There's no chance General Mills put Sandusky on a box after his arrest; unless someone can supply a source for this it should be deleted. Frostfish (talk) 19:10, 22 July 2013 (UTC)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on List of athletes on Wheaties boxes. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070812003542/http://www.wheaties.com:80/history/champions_list.aspx to http://www.wheaties.com/history/champions_list.aspx

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Suspect Content
2003 Jesse Owens - seems suspect, typo, or editing mistake. SquashEngineer (talk) 17:15, 14 February 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of athletes on Wheaties boxes


text:
List of French peerages

For an explanation of the French peerage, see the article Peerage of France. Note that peerages and titles were distinct, and the date given for the extinction of the peerage is not necessarily the same as that of the extinction of the title. For more on noble titles and distinctions, see French nobility.

The "old peerages"
The dates of the creation of the twelve peerages are obscure.

title: List of French peerages


text:
Talk:The Legion of Saint Michael the Archangel

POV
I cleaned this up a little, and it clearly should be merged into Iron Guard and become a redirect, but that merger is going to have to be done by someone else. I feel dirty after handling this article: e.g. "This success is granted to the deeply Christian message of the legionnaires." Not that there were no admirable people among the Legion -- Cioran, for one -- but talking about their "deeply Christian message" is a lot like tlaking about Osama bin Laden's "deeply Islamic message."

If someone wants to work on this, I'm available for dialog. Since it's almost certainly going to be merged, I'm not going to bother with the detailed critique I would usually write in posting an NPOV notice.

There seems to be some decent content there, but I can't bring myself to work on it further. -- Jmabel 01:02, Aug 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, all the decent content in this article has already been covered by the main Iron Guard article, and since the rest is just POV, I don't think anything of use can be salvaged from it. I propose erasing it entirely and making this a redirect page.
 * - Mihnea Tudoreanu

OK. Looks like you and I are the only ones involved here other than the original anonymous contributor, so I will do just that. -- Jmabel 22:01, Aug 20, 2004 (UTC)


text:
Dave Berry (musician)

Dave Berry (born David Holgate Grundy, 6 February 1941) is an English rock singer and former teen idol during the 1960s. His best-remembered hits are "Memphis, Tennessee", "The Crying Game" (1964) and his 1965 hit "Little Things", a cover version of Bobby Goldsboro's Stateside top 40 success.

Early life
Dave Berry, real name David Holgate Grundy, was born in the Woodhouse ward of Sheffield, South Yorkshire on 6 February 1941. His father, a bricklayer, was also a professional jazz drummer, and taught Dave how to play the instrument. Berry attended Woodhouse County Council School and left school at age sixteen and worked as a welder.

1960s–1980s
Berry's first band that he led was called The Cruisers. A big fan of American rock and roll musician Chuck Berry, Dave Grundy changed his surname to "Berry", and when he signed onto Decca Records with the Cruisers in 1963, after being spotted at a ballroom in Doncaster, his debut single was a cover of the Berry's song "Memphis, Tennessee". The song went to number nineteen in the United Kingdom in September 1963. The following year, his song "Little Things", originally recorded by Bobby Goldsboro, went to number five in the UK and number one in the Netherlands. "This Strange Effect" (1965), written by Ray Davies, became a number one hit for him in the Netherlands and Belgium, countries where he still enjoys celebrity status, having received an award from Radio Veronica, Netherlands, for their best selling pop single of all time. B. J. Thomas's sentimental "Mama" (1966) and "Don't Gimme No Lip Child", the latter is the flip to Berry's No. 5 hit single, "The Crying Game", in 1964, and covered by the Sex Pistols, were other notable recordings. Inspired by Johnny Cash and Gene Vincent, and by “presentation, theatre, and images of rock stars”, Berry always appeared on stage dressed entirely in black. He performed a mixture of R&B, rock and pop ballads and was popular in Britain, and in Continental Europe, especially Belgium and the Netherlands, but had no commercial success in the US, where he is best known for the original versions of Ray Davies' "This Strange Effect" and Graham Gouldman's "I'm Going to Take You There". Berry went to number one in countries such as the Netherlands and Belgium, but never topped the charts in his home country.

His early hits name-checked his backing band the Cruisers who at that time were John Fleet (bass and piano), Roy Barber (rhythm guitar), Frank Miles (lead guitar) and Kenny Slade (drums). Berry parted with this line-up around the time of "The Crying Game" and recruited three more local musicians - Frank White, Johnny Riley and Pete Cliff as the second generation of Cruisers. Lead guitarist White was eventually replaced by Roy Ledger. Berry regularly used session musicians Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, Big Jim Sullivan and Bobby Graham. Berry released five singles during the 1970s: "Change Our Minds" (1970), "Chaplin House" (1970), "Moving On (Turning Around)" (1972), "I Can Make You Cry" (1973), and "Night of the Fly" (1977), and released his final two in the 1980s: "Anyone Else but You for Me" / "Pebble to Pearls" (1980), and a cover of The Rolling Stones song "Out of Time" (1982). In 1987, he released his first studio album in nineteen years titled "Hostage to the Beat".

1990s–present
The Geoff Stephens-penned song "The Crying Game" brought Berry's voice to his biggest international audience in 1992, when it was used as the theme song for the film The Crying Game. In the final quarter of 2010, "Little Things" was used in an advertisement campaign on British television by Andrex toilet paper. Berry also regained some recognition when he was the surprise hit of the annual Alexis Korner Tribute in 1995. In 1998 "This Strange Effect" was covered by the Belgian band, Hooverphonic, on their album, Blue Wonder Power Milk.

In 2004, Berry released his sixth and currently latest studio album called "Memphis...In The Meantime", under Blues Matters records.

In May 2009, Berry toured the UK and appeared in a cameo role in a theatrical production, The Mod Crop. In August that year, RPM Records issued a double CD anthology of Berry's earliest recordings for Decca, entitled This Strange Effect (The Decca Sessions 1963–1966). The package added two previously unissued tracks made in 1963 (before Berry signed with Decca) with producer Mickie Most: "Easy To Cry" and "Tongue Twisting". Berry's illustrated autobiography, Dave Berry - All There Is To Know, was published in 2010 by Heron Publications Ltd. It included contributions from Joe Cocker, Ray Davies, Tony Iommi, Peter Stringfellow and Bill Wyman. A double compilation, Picture Me Gone - The Decca Sessions 1966–1974, was released in January 2011. Berry is still touring as of 2023, and is a recurring act in the Sixties Gold tour. Currently in his backing band, the Cruisers, are Daniel Martin (lead guitar since 2010), Adrian Fountain (rhythm guitar since late 2011), Dan Wright (drums, from January 2013) and Brian Wood (bass guitar, joined 24 years ago, the longest serving member of the band).

In February 2024, Berry had to cancel a few gigs after suffering from medical problems on stage. He had to finish a performance at Coal Aston village hall on 17 February early. He reportedly suffered from back pain.

Stage presence
He had an unusual ambition for a pop performer trying to make a name for himself - to appear on television completely hidden by a prop. In his own words, to "not appear, to stay behind something and not come out". He often hid behind the upturned collar of his leather jacket, or wrapped himself around, and effectively behind, the microphone lead. His stage act, which drew on the work of Elvis Presley and Gene Vincent, provided an inspiration for Alvin Stardust.

Personal life
He currently lives in Dronfield, Derbyshire, with his wife Marthy, who comes from Amsterdam, Netherlands, who have been married for over 50 years.

In addition to music, Berry also runs an antique business, where he mainly sells small furniture and rock memorabilia. He has opened two antique shops, one in his hometown of Sheffield, and another near his current residence in Derbyshire.

Discography
Selected singles

 * "Memphis, Tennessee" (1963)
 * "The Crying Game" (1964)
 * "Little Things" (1965)
 * "This Strange Effect" (1965)
 * "Mama" (1966)

title: Dave Berry (musician)


text:
User talk:4kintheroad

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Foundation issues
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text
 * IRC channel
 * Mailing lists
 * Current polls

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 01:07, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:4kintheroad


text:
User talk:Frecklefoot/Tips for writing arcade game articles

Infobox suggestions
Have you considered using screenshots (e.g. from MAME) to illustrate the arcade game articles? I see for example that Pac-Man has such an image (asserting it as fair use). Might fit nicely as an illustration in your infobox. —Stormie 01:11, Aug 11, 2004 (UTC)

 * I hadn't thought of that, but I'm not sure it would work, unless the screenshot is resized or cropped in some manner. I guess I'll have to try it.  It'd have to be a "shot" of the title screen.  Thanks for the suggestion. Also, if you're interested, there is a WikiProject for Arcade game articles here. I proposed using the infobox I created for it. :-)   — Frecklefoot | Talk 14:32, Aug 11, 2004 (UTC)

I was thinking something like this →

That's with the image scaled down to 200 pixels wide.

I wouldn't necessarily say it would have to be a shot of the title screen—I think it would depend on the game. Especially for older games (like Pac-Man!), the title screen is nothing special, a screenshot of the game in play would be the iconic image.

—Stormie 00:15, Aug 12, 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks, that does look good! I'll add your suggestion to the infobox section in a while... I also see you put the designer's name under "Developer."  Though all people who work on video/computer/arcade games can be called "developers," I meant that more as the company that developed it, not the people.  To help fix this, I'll add a "Designer" line with the person who designed it (since that's what Toru did).  I expect few games will have this line since knowledge of most designers is not known. Thanks again!   — Frecklefoot | Talk 14:02, Aug 12, 2004 (UTC)

 * Okay, I added the infobox with your suggestion to the project. Make any further suggestions there. And add yourself to the Participants if you want to help out! :-)   — Frecklefoot | Talk 15:34, Aug 12, 2004 (UTC)


text: User talk:132.15.225.80

title: User talk:132.15.225.80


text:
User:Dhelder

David Helder is a Wikipedian.

title: User:Dhelder


text:
Len Wiseman

Len Ryan Wiseman (born March 4, 1973 ) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for his work on the Underworld series, Live Free or Die Hard, and the 2012 film Total Recall. Wiseman runs the production company Sketch Films.

Early life and education
Wiseman was born and raised in Fremont, California. He attended American High School and later studied film at De Anza College in Cupertino, California.

Career
Wiseman began his career in film as a property assistant on a number of Roland Emmerich films: Stargate (1994); Independence Day (1996); and Godzilla (1998). After creating advertisements for clients including Sony, he directed music videos for artists such as Megadeth, En Vogue, Static-X & Mephisto Odyssey. He received a Best Art Direction nomination for Quarashi's "Stick 'Em Up" at the 2002 MTV Video Music Awards and a Best Director nomination for Rufus Wainwright's "Across the Universe" at the Music Video Production Association (MVPA) Awards.

In 2003, Wiseman co-created and directed the film Underworld. Despite receiving generally negative reviews from critics, the film did well at the box office. He directed the 2006 sequel Underworld: Evolution, and produced the follow-ups Underworld: Rise of the Lycans, Underworld: Awakening, and Underworld: Blood Wars.

In 2007, he directed the fourth installment of the Die Hard series, Live Free or Die Hard, starring Bruce Willis, which opened to generally favorable reviews and box office success. He directed the 2012 release Total Recall, which starred Colin Farrell, Jessica Biel, and his wife Kate Beckinsale. In 2013, it was announced that Wiseman would direct a live action film version of the comic book series The Darkness (though no updates have been announced as of March 2016).

Wiseman has also directed the pilot episodes of three television series—the 2010 launch of CBS's Hawaii Five-0, the 2013 pilot of Fox's Sleepy Hollow, and the 2016 pilot of Fox series Lucifer. All three series were picked up for ongoing production, though Wiseman was not involved in further episodes.

It was announced on October 8, 2019 that Wiseman will direct the John Wick female-centric spinoff film titled Ballerina.

Personal life
Wiseman's first marriage was to a kindergarten teacher named Dana. They divorced in 2003 after Wiseman met actor Kate Beckinsale on the set of his 2003 release Underworld. Beckinsale also ended a relationship with her partner Michael Sheen.

Wiseman and Beckinsale were married on May 9, 2004, in Bel-Air, Los Angeles, California. On November 20, 2015, it was announced that they were separating and in 2016, he filed for divorce, citing "irreconcilable differences." As of November 2019, their divorce was finalized.

Commercials

 * Sony
 * PlayStation
 * Nintendo DS
 * Metroid Prime Hunters

title: Len Wiseman


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Template history Iceland

Looks like an attempt at creating a template message. Suggest merge with History of Iceland and delete, as a redirect could be confusing. -- Netoholic 01:17, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Note that the author of the page blanked it shortly after creation. I think just deleting would be appropriate. -- Cyrius|✎ 04:47, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
User:Barf~enwiki

Barf

 * Interests (in no particular Order):
 * Photoshop
 * Microsoft Paint
 * Cosmology
 * Visual arts
 * Classical music
 * Computer games

title: User:Barf~enwiki


text:
Riverview Park (Chicago)

Riverview Park was an amusement park in Chicago, Illinois, which operated from 1904 to 1967. It was located on 74 acres bound on the south by Belmont Avenue, on the east by Western Avenue, on the north by Lane Tech College Prep High School, and on the west by the North Branch of the Chicago River. It was located in the Roscoe Village neighborhood of Chicago's North Center community area.

Founding
Riverview was established in 1904 by William Schmidt, on the grounds of his private skeet shooting range. The Schmidt family owned and operated the park throughout its lifetime.

"Big Bill" Haywood, the Industrial Workers of the World leader, once spoke here to a crowd of almost 80,000 people.

Rides and attractions
Riverview was famous for The Bobs wooden roller coaster. Other popular coasters were The Comet, The Silver Flash, The Fireball and the Jetstream. Aladdin's Castle was a classic fun house with a collapsing stairway, mazes and turning barrel. Shoot the Chutes, Hades, the Rotor, Tilt-a-Whirl, Wild Mouse, the Mill on the Floss (Tunnel of Love), and Flying Turns were just a few of the many classic rides. "The Pair-O-Chutes at Riverview Park'll shake us up all day" is a line from the Beach Boys' song "Amusement Parks U.S.A." from their 1965 album, Summer Days (And Summer Nights!!). There were over 120 rides in the park.

Racism and closing
Riverview closed in 1967. Urban myths endure, describing the park's "seedy" atmosphere in the 1960s, as it coincidentally became more integrated. Contemporaneous articles in black publications, such as the Chicago Defender, described black patrons being subject to both latent and overt racism; the most overt being a longstanding attraction (not owned by Riverview) but by an outside concessionaire renting space from the park. It was unofficially called "Dunk the Nigger", but officially named "African Dip" and then later renamed "Dip", which the NAACP along with newspaper columnist Mike Royko successfully lobbied to shut down in the 1950s.

According to Victoria Wolcott, author of 2012 book Race, Riots, and Roller Coasters

"“You see this thing a lot, when African Americans begin going in large numbers [to amusement parks], the parks are increasingly associated with danger and criminality...”"

Chuck Wlodarczyk, author of Riverview Gone But Not Forgotten, once performed shows about the park and reported people often approached him afterwards to report hearsay of someone raped in the park restrooms by a black man, however no actual record of these crimes exist. A Chicago Tribune article from late 1967 also blames violence for the park's closure, however Wolcott says there is little evidence of increased violence at the park.

Ultimately, white flight contributed to financial decline at the park, making the land upon which Riverview was built far more valuable than the park itself. The Schmidt family sold to developers and later stated a newspaper's reported estimated sale price of $6.8 million ($0 in ) was too low.

The grounds became home to Riverview Plaza shopping center, the Chicago Police Area 3 Detective Division, DePaul College Prep High School, dental equipment manufacturer Hu-Friedy Manufacturing, and Richard Clark Park of the Chicago Park District. The south end of Clark Park has a wooded area where many of the Riverview Park foundations remain visible, and it is used as a bicycle dirt jump and pump track park maintained by the Chicago Area Mountain Bikers. A sculpture entitled Riverview by local artist Jerry Peart stands in front of the police station.

Memorabilia
Many items from Riverview, as well as paintings portraying the park, were on display at Riverview Tavern, located on the corner of West Roscoe Street and Damen Avenue from 2005 to 2018. The Riverview Carousel continues to operate at Six Flags Over Georgia. It was the only ride to be saved.

Bally and Williams tie-ins
The Bally Manufacturing Corporation 1972 pinball machine Fireball was named after the park's Fireball roller coaster. Also, Bally's Aladdin's Castle amusement arcade division was renamed from Carousel Time to honor the Riverview Park Aladdin's Castle funhouse. Bally's Aladdin's Castle pinball machine was also inspired by the same funhouse at Riverview. The 1979 Williams Electronics' pinball game Flash and their 1985 Comet were named after the park's roller coasters with these names. Bally Manufacturing and Williams Electronics had their headquarters and primary manufacturing facilities just west of Riverview Park during the later years of the park's operating life.

title: Riverview Park (Chicago)


text:
Zazie dans le Métro (novel)

Zazie dans le Métro (translated as both Zazie in the Metro and Zazie) is a French novel written in 1959 by Raymond Queneau, and his first major success.

Plot
Zazie, a foul-mouthed provincial girl is dropped off at a Paris railway station to spend a weekend with her uncle Gabriel while her mother Jeanne Lalochère spends time with her lover. Zazie tells Gabriel that she wants to visit the Paris Métro, but Gabriel tells her she cannot as it is closed due to a strike. Throughout the novel, Zazie asks Gabriel if he is a "hormosessuel" (homosexual), which he vigorously denies being. The two are driven off to Gabriel's apartment by Gabriel's friend Charles, a taxi driver. Upon arriving, Zazie encounters Turandot, the manager of La Cave, a restaurant under Gabriel's apartment, his pet parrot Laverdure, and Gabriel's wife Marceline.

The following day, Zazie leaves the apartment while Gabriel is sleeping to visit the subway by herself. She encounters a strange man implied to be a paedophile (or "satyr") who takes her to a flea market and buys her blue jeans. Gabriel learns from Gridoux, a cobbler and neighbour that she ran away after Turandot confronted her for running off. Zazie brings the man back to the apartment, and he identifies himself as "Pédro-Surplus" and accuses Zazie of stealing the jeans from him. When the man begins talking to Marceline, Gabriel kicks him out of the apartment. While serving food to Gridoux, Mado P'tits-Pieds, a waitress at La Cave tells him about her romantic interest in Charles.

Gabriel, Zazie and Charles then visit the Eiffel Tower. Gabriel soon goes down to the bottom due to vertigo. Charles then joins him without Zazie and tells him that he will drive home without them. When Zazie reunites with Gabriel, they encounter a group of foreign tourists guided by Fédor Balanovitch, who recognises Gabriel as a drag dancer. The two are briefly pulled into the tour bus during a stampede of tourists, and jump off at a red light whereupon they encounter the aristocratic Widow Mouaque. When Gabriel is pulled into a car by tourists and kidnapped, a police officer named Trouscaillon comes to help Zazie and the Widow Mouaque. With his help, they find Gabriel, who invites Fédor Balanovitch's tourists to see his drag show.

Later, after Mado and Charles agree to get married, Gabriel also invites them, along with Gridoux and Turandot to watch his drag show with Zazie and the Widow Mouaque. As they are watching the show along with Laverdure and the tourists, a man identifying himself as "Bertin Poirée" enters Gabriel's apartment. He reveals to Marceline that he was also Trouscaillon and that he was also the satyr Zazie brought home earlier in the day. He attempts to seduce Marceline, but she flees from the apartment.

After the show, Charles and Mado drive home, and the tourists are driven back to their hotel by Fédor Balanovitch, while Gabriel, Zazie, Mouaque, Turandot, Gridoux and Laverdure encounter Trouscaillon again and identify him as the satyr from earlier in the morning. Trouscaillon is suddenly arrested for impersonating a police officer, breaking the widow's heart as she has fallen in love with him. Gabriel invites her to have onion soup with them to feel better.

While at the restaurant, Zazie falls asleep, and a large brawl erupts between the customers and the restaurant's staff. After Gabriel wins the fight, they see a large battalion of soldiers outside the restaurant, led by the satyr. When the Widow Mouaque exits the restaurant to approach him, she is killed in a hail of bullets. The satyr identifies himself now as "Aroun Arachide" and attempts to attack Gabriel and his friends with his soldiers, but they escape through a lift into the subway. The elevator operator tells them that the subway is now working again and they can use it to return home, and takes the sleeping Zazie with him, as he also has her suitcase. The next day, Jeanne Lalochère is reunited with Zazie at the train station by a man named Marcel. Zazie tells her mother that she did not see the subway during her stay in Paris but instead got older. Marcel is implied to be Marceline, leaving the question of Gabriel's sexual orientation ambiguous.

Language
Zazie explores colloquial language as opposed to "standard" written French; Queneau referred to the language spoken by Zazie and the other characters as "neo-French". It is marked by colloquial diction and slang, by phonetic spelling, and by "the morpho-syntax typical of spoken French". For instance, the first word of the book, the neologism Doukipudonktan, is a phonetic transcription of D'où (est-ce) qu'il pue donc tant ? ("From where does he/do they/does it stink so much?"). In the English version of the novel, this is rendered as "Holifart watastink"; in the movie version the English subtitle reads "Whozit who stinks?"

According to a 1959 article from Elle, "to speak Zazie" was all the rage in France.

Adaptations
In 1960 the book was adapted by Louis Malle into a film of the same name, starring Catherine Demongeot as Zazie and Philippe Noiret as Gabriel. In the film, Zazie is younger than in the book (where her mother is worried about Zazie's virginity). The book was also adapted for theatre and published as a comic book as well.

Publication details

 * ISBN 0-14-218004-1 (Penguin paperback, translated by Barbara Wright)
 * ISBN 2-07-052813-8 (Éditions Gallimard Jeunesse, Paris 1999)

title: Zazie dans le Métro (novel)


text:
United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama

The United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama (in case citations, N.D. Ala.) is a federal court in the Eleventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The District was established on March 10, 1824, with the division of the state into a Northern and Southern district. The circuit court itself was established on June 22, 1874.

The United States Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Alabama represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. The interim United States attorney is Prim F. Escalona, who was appointed by United States Attorney General William Barr following the resignation of Jay Town on July 15, 2020.

Organization of the court
The United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama is one of three federal judicial districts in Alabama. Court for the District is held at Anniston, Birmingham, Decatur, Florence, Gadsden, Huntsville, and Tuscaloosa.

Eastern Division comprises the following counties: Calhoun, Clay, Cleburne, and Talladega.

Jasper Division comprises the following counties: Fayette, Lamar, Marion, Walker, and Winston.

Middle Division comprises the following counties: Cherokee, DeKalb, Etowah, Marshall, and St. Clair.

Northeastern Division comprises the following counties: Cullman, Jackson, Lawrence, Limestone, Madison, and Morgan.

Northwestern Division comprises the following counties: Colbert, Franklin, and Lauderdale.

Southern Division comprises the following counties: Blount, Jefferson, and Shelby.

Western Division comprises the following counties: Bibb, Greene, Pickens, Sumter, and Tuscaloosa.

Court decisions
Lucy v. Adams (1955) – A court ruling which affirmed the right of all citizens to be accepted at the University of Alabama. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the ruling.

Armstrong v. Birmingham Board of Education (1963) – The court dismissed the plaintiff's complaint. On appeal, the Fifth Circuit reversed and ordered the desegregation of Birmingham public schools.

United States v. Wallace (1963) – The court exercised its ruling in Lucy v. Adams and ordered that colored students be permitted to enroll at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. The court order led to the infamous Stand in the Schoolhouse Door incident with Governor George C. Wallace.

Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education (2002) – A reversal of the decision rendered by the district and Eleventh Circuit. The U.S. Supreme Court held that retaliation against a person on the basis of a sexual complaint is a form of sexual discrimination under Title IX.

Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (2003) – The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the decision of the district court, stating that employers cannot be sued under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act over race or gender discrimination if the claims are based on decisions over 180 days. The decision of the court led Congress to pass the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act in 2009.

United States v. Alabama (2011) – The court upheld most parts of Alabama HB 56, an anti-illegal immigration bill signed by Governor Robert J. Bentley. The Eleventh Circuit reversed, invalidating much of Alabama HB 56.


text:
Stelco

Stelco Holdings Inc. (known as U.S. Steel Canada from 2007 to 2016) is a Canadian steel company based in Hamilton, Ontario. Stelco was founded in 1910 from the amalgamation of several smaller firms. It continued on for almost 100 years, until it filed for bankruptcy in 2007 and was bought by U.S. Steel. In 2016, the company was sold to Bedrock Industries of the United States, which took the company public. The company made its debut on the Toronto Stock Exchange on Nov. 3, 2017.

The Hamilton plant has not produced steel since 2011, but its coke ovens and cold rolling finishing works remain in operation. The company employs about 750 people in the Hamilton plant and 1,400 in Nanticoke, Ontario at its greenfield facility Stelco Lake Erie Works.

History
The Steel Company of Canada was established in 1910. It was founded after the merging of the Hamilton Steel and Iron Company (1900) with the Canada Screw Company (1866), Montreal Rolling Mills (1868), the Dominion Wire Manufacturing Company (1883) and the Canada Bolt and Nut Company. Charles S. Wilcox, president of the Hamilton Steel and Iron Company at the time of the consolidation, was appointed the first president of Stelco. He held the position until 1916, continuing on with the company as chairman of the board until his death in 1938.

Several union drives at the plant were unsuccessful until the founding strike of Local 1005 of the United Steelworkers of America in 1946.

In 2004, Stelco had financial difficulties and went under court-ordered protection from its creditors, including the Deutsche Bank. Stelco exited Companies' Creditors Arrangements Act (CCAA) protection on March 31, 2006. Several non-core operations were divested, including Stelwire, Norambar (formerly Stelco McMaster Works) and Welland Pipe. The CCAA exit has seen the remaining operations restructured into 9 separate operating businesses, held by the corporate entity of Stelco.

On August 27, 2007, U.S. Steel purchased Stelco for $1.9 billion – $1.1 billion in cash and assuming $800 million in debt. The company was renamed Hamilton Works – US Steel Canada. The deal closed on October 31, 2007. The company was renamed U.S. Steel Canada Inc. and its shares were delisted from the Toronto Stock Exchange.

In an effort to streamline operations, U.S. Steel announced on March 3, 2009, that it would be temporarily shutting down its Hamilton plant and most of its Lake Erie plant putting more than 2,000 people out of work. This announcement came four months after U.S. Steel laid off 700 employees at the Hamilton plant when it shut down its blast furnace.

Market conditions and declining customer orders prompted U.S. Steel to shut down the Hamilton Works on October 1, 2010. 100 jobs were restored when the German Max Aicher steel company bought two steel mills from US Steel, and opened them as "Max Aicher North America". More jobs are expected to be created when the mills are in full production. The Hamilton steel-making and iron-making operations were permanently closed on December 31, 2013.

On September 16, 2014, U.S. Steel Canada announced that it would apply for court protection from its creditors. US Steel then stated that it intended to sell all of its remaining operations in Hamilton in the next two months.

U.S. Steel Canada was severed from U.S. Steel Corporation in 2015 after it entered Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act protection in 2014. In November 2016, a deal was struck to sell U.S. Steel Canada to Bedrock Industries.

On December 2, 2016, the company took the "Stelco" name again. In 2017, an initial public offering raised CA$200 million for the company.

Portions of the Stelco's archives are held at Library and Archives Canada, Brock University, and the Canadian Centre for Architecture.

In January 2021 Stelco added pig iron production capability to its Lake Erie blast furnace.

Stelco purchased a minority stake in the Hamilton Tiger-Cats professional football team in January 2022.

In July 2024 it was publicly announced that Cleveland Cliffs, an American steel manufacturer, was acquiring Stelco for approximately $2.5b USD.

Environmental impact

Steelmaking in Canada has long been associated with pollution. For example, in 1989 Stelco and Dofasco were listed among the "dirty dozen" polluters in Ontario:

"'For many years Steeltown's two giants pumped liquid discharges that contained cyanide, phosphorus, ammonia, solvents and phenols straight into Hamilton Harbour. Stelco, in particular, was still pumping more phenols and cyanide into the harbour than it was supposed to in early 1987. But both firms have been cleaning up to meet the terms of a pollution control order imposed on them by Queen's Park [and] the harbour is getting cleaner and supports 58 known species of fish.'"

Since Stelco ceased steelmaking in 2011, it received less media attention regarding pollution.

Operations
The company operates the main Hilton Works in Hamilton, named after the late company president Hugh Hilton, and the Lake Erie Works in Nanticoke on Lake Erie. Until the 2006 restructuring, Stelco's operations also included Stelco McMaster Works in Contrecœur, Quebec, and Stelwire (both acquired by ArcelorMittal in 2006 and now operates as ArcelorMittal long Products Canada - Hamilton-East Complex and Mittal Canada Contrecoeur-Ouest Inc.). The Nanticoke plant was notable because it is of a relatively newer design, and uses far less water.

Stelco Tower, now known as 100 King Street West and associated with Lloyd D. Jackson Square, is an office building in downtown Hamilton where the company's headquarters had been located since the 1970s, but has been completely vacated by Stelco. Stelco's current head office is co-located with their Hamilton Works location at 386 Wilcox Street in Hamilton.

Governance
Presidents of the company are:

 * Charles Seward Wilcox, 1910–1916
 * Robert Hobson, 1916–1926
 * Ross H. McMaster, 1926–1945
 * Hugh G. Hilton, 1945–1957
 * Vincent William Thomas Scully, 1957–1967
 * Harold Melvin Griffith, 1967–1971
 * J. Peter Gordon, 1971–1976
 * John D. Allan, 1976–1987
 * Robert Edmond Heneault, 1987–1991 (Stelco Enterprises)
 * Frederick Harold Telmer, 1987–1991 (Stelco Steel)
 * Robert J. Milbourne, 1991–2003
 * James C. Alfano, 1996–2003
 * Frederick Harold Telmer, 2003 (interim)
 * Courtney Pratt, 2004–2006
 * Rodney B. Mott, 2006–2007
 * Douglas R. Matthews, 2007–2009
 * David J. Rintoul, 2009–2010
 * Anton Jura, 2010–2014
 * Michael A. McQuade, 2014–2018

title: Stelco


text:
Ella Enchanted

Ella Enchanted is a fantasy novel written by Gail Carson Levine and published in 1997. The story is a retelling of Cinderella featuring various mythical creatures including fairies, elves, ogres, gnomes, and giants.

The book won a Newbery Honor in 1998. In 2006, Levine went on to write Fairest, a retelling of the story of Snow White, set in the same world as Ella Enchanted. In 2018, Levine published Ogre Enchanted, a prequel to Ella Enchanted.

On April 9, 2004, a movie that is loosely based on the novel was released. It was directed by Tommy O'Haver and starred Anne Hathaway and Hugh Dancy as Ella and Prince Charmont, respectively. The film received mostly mixed reviews, and was heavily criticized for its changes to the source material and addition of new characters. Levine stated that the film is "so different from the book that it's hard to compare them" and suggested "regarding the movie as a separate creative act".

Summary
When Ella was just a baby, the fairy Lucinda bestowed the gift of obedience on her. The "gift" is in fact a terrible curse, forcing Ella to obey anyone who gives her an order.

When Ella is around fourteen, her mother dies. Her cook Mandy reveals herself to be her Fairy godmother. She is given two gifts by Mandy: a necklace from her mother and a magic book. At her mother's funeral, Ella meets the kingdom's prince, Char, who comforts her. At the wake, she is introduced to Dame Olga and her terrible daughters, Hattie and illiterate Olive - but at the time, feels no special significance to this encounter.

Her father, Peter, decides to send her to finishing school with the two mean sisters. Before leaving she visits her favorite places, where she meets Char again and they bond. At school, Hattie eventually discovers that Ella does whatever she is told and uses this for her own gain. She takes Ella's mother's necklace, then deprives Ella of food and orders her to end her friendship with her best friend Areida. Ella cannot stand this and sets out to find Lucinda so that she can reverse the spell. In her magic book, she saw that her father is about to attend a giant's wedding and she assumes that Lucinda - who likes to come uninvited to weddings - might be there.

Ella comes upon the kingdom of Elves, who offer a warm welcome. The next morning, she awakens surrounded by ogres who plan on devouring her. She is given the command not to run away, so she is trapped, and stays up all night practicing Ogrese in hopes of using on the ogres their own weapon of hypnotic speech. It works and she talks them back to sleep, just in time for Char and his soldiers to apprehend them. One of his men is sent to escort Ella.

Ella learns that ungrateful recipients of Lucinda's gifts often end up as squirrels and decides to use an alias when talking to her. Ella tells her she desires more mettle for she is too obedient, but Lucinda tells Ella to be happy and Ella is forced to feel happy because of her 'gift.'

Ella learns from her father that he's lost everything so he must marry Dame Olga. At the wedding, Lucinda gifts the bride and groom eternal love. On the ride to Olga's house, Peter reveals that he's broke. Olga is livid, but due to Lucinda's gift, she is unable to stay angry at him. Instead she begins to transfer all of her hatred to Ella. Char comes to visit Ella but Hattie orders her to stay in her room. This continues until Char leaves for his trip. They start communicating via letters, which Ella has him address to Mandy so as not to arouse suspicion from her new step-family. When Peter leaves for work, Hattie reveals Ella's curse and Olga makes Ella work as a servant in the house.

After months of communicating with each other, Ella and Char fall in love and Char wishes for her to be his queen. Ella realizes her curse could be very dangerous for him since he will one day be king. She decides they could never be together and writes a letter addressed from Hattie to mislead him into thinking she has run off with a rich earl. Mandy calls upon Lucinda and confronts her about the disastrous consequences of her gifts. Lucinda disbelieves her, but Mandy convinces her to try it for herself, living for three months as a squirrel and three months being obedient.

During the next six months, Ella continues to endure the torment of her step-family. She learns that Char will be returning soon and three royal balls will be held. Lucinda returns disheveled and remorseful about all the suffering she has caused. Ella begs her to remove her curse, now that she knows how terrible it truly is, but Lucinda vows that she will no longer perform acts of big magic. Lucinda tells Ella she will have to find a way to do it herself.

When Prince Char returns from his travels, Ella goes to the balls in disguise, with the help of Mandy and Lucinda. At the first ball, she dances with Char, who still wants to be with Ella after a chance meeting with Areida made him question the letter he received. On the third night, he introduces her to his parents and dances only with her. Hattie is jealous and unmasks Ella, causing her to flee and lose one of her glass slippers. Char finds the slipper and goes to her home. He asks her to tell him if she loves him, which she does. He then tells her to marry him - which is an order which her curse compels her to obey.

After an internal struggle Ella bursts out with "No, I will not marry you! No one can force me!" after which she hugs and kisses Char. Her love and care for Char have broken Lucinda's spell. Now, Ella can explain everything to the confused Char, who again asks her to marry him - which she is now free and happy to accept.

Unlike in the original Cinderella story, Ella takes no revenge on her stepmother and stepsisters beyond not inviting them to the royal wedding. Char's royal parents warmly accept Ella in the family. Ella and Areida rekindle their friendship. Mandy becomes the castle cook and fairy godmother to Char and Ella's future children. Ella's first person narrative ends with her telling the reader that "So we still live in love and laughter".

Analysis and publication history
While all the familiar plot elements of the Cinderella story are still present in this retelling, they are given a different significance. In particular, in Levine's version Cinderella/Ella and the Prince have known each other all along and had already long since fallen in love before the balls, but are unable to realize their love until the end of the story. As noted by Levine, the plot element of Ella being cursed with obedience fills a logical flaw in the original Cinderella story, explaining why she had to obey her foster mother and sisters.

The book was revised in 2011.

In 2012 it was ranked number 85 on a list of the top 100 children's novels published by School Library Journal.

title: Ella Enchanted


text:
Eva Amurri

Eva Amurri (born March 15, 1985) is an American actress.

Early life
Eva Amurri was born on March 15, 1985, in New York City, to Italian film director Franco Amurri and American actress Susan Sarandon (whose mother's ancestry was Italian). Amurri was raised by her mother and her mother's long-time partner Tim Robbins. She has two maternal half-brothers, Jack and Miles, as well as two paternal half-siblings, Leone and Augusta, from her father's marriage to Heide Lund, and two stepsisters, Tallulah and Ruby, from Lund's previous marriage to Lord Antony Isaacs, son of Michael Isaacs, 3rd Marquess of Reading.

She attended Friends Seminary (Manhattan) for middle school, and graduated from Saint Ann's School in Brooklyn, New York, and Brown University.

Career
Amurri had a role in the comedy film The Banger Sisters (2002), in which her mother starred, with Amurri playing the daughter of her mother's character. She guest-starred, along with her mother, on an episode of Friends in Season 7 Episode 15 ("The One with Joey's New Brain") in which she is slapped by Sarandon. In 2004, she appeared in Saved!. She guest-hosted Attack of the Show! with Kevin Pereira. She had a role in the third season of the Showtime series Californication, where she played Jackie, a stripper, student and love interest of central character Hank Moody (David Duchovny). Amurri played the leading role in the 2008 film Middle of Nowhere.

In 2009, she appeared as Shelly in the episode "The Playbook" of How I Met Your Mother. Amurri starred in the thriller film Isolation, directed by Stephen T. Kay.

In 2010, she appeared in the Fox series House as Nicole in the episode "The Choice". In 2012, she appeared in Happy Madison Productions' That's My Boy as young Mary McGarricle. Her mother also appeared in the film as McGarricle's older self.

Amurri began her popular lifestyle blog "Happily Eva After" in 2015.

Personal life
Amurri married former Major League Soccer player and former NBC Sports broadcaster Kyle Martino on October 29, 2011, in Charleston, South Carolina. They have three children: daughter Marlowe Mae was born on August 9, 2014, son Major James was born on October 19, 2016 and son Mateo Antoni was born March 13, 2020. In August 2015, Amurri revealed she had a miscarriage at nine weeks. On November 15, 2019, Amurri and Martino announced that they were separating, just two months after they announced they were expecting their third child together. As of March 2020, the couple finalized their divorce. Amurri resides in Westport, Connecticut. Amurri announced her engagement to chef Ian Hock in Paris, France over social media on February 21, 2023. Hock and Amurri had been dating two years. She married Hock on June 29, 2024.

title: Eva Amurri


text:
Hohak Band

Hohak Band (sometimes Ho-hak Band, Trad.: 好客樂隊) is a Taiwanese band composed of ex-members of the Labor Exchange Band plus Huqin performer Xiao Shiwei and guitarist Ke Zhihao. Like Labor Exchange, Hohak Band uses traditional Han-Chinese instruments extensively, alongside Western ones.

The name "Hohak" (or Ho-hak) is Hakka for "full of hospitality".

Their initial release is an EP titled Peach Blossoms Are Blooming (桃花開).

title: Hohak Band


text:
United States District Court for the Southern District of California

The United States District Court for the Southern District of California (in case citations, S.D. Cal.) is a federal court in the Ninth Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

The District was created on September 28, 1850, following the passage of the California Statehood Act on September 9, 1850. The state was divided into a Northern and Southern district. The Judicial Circuits Act of 1866 abolished the Northern and Southern districts, re-organizing California as a single circuit district. On August 5, 1886 the Southern district was re-established, following the division of the state into Northern and Southern districts. The district was further divided on March 18, 1966 with the creation of the Central and Eastern districts.

The United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of California represents the United States in civil and criminal litigation in the court. the United States attorney is Tara McGrath.

Organization of the court
The United States District Court for the Southern District of California is one of four federal district courts in California. Court for the District is held at El Centro and the Edward J. Schwartz U.S. Courthouse and U.S. Courthouse Annex in San Diego. The district comprises Imperial and San Diego counties.

List of U.S. attorneys
The U.S. Attorney is the chief law-enforcement officer for the district.
 * J. M. Jones (1850)
 * Alfred Wheeler (1851–1853)
 * Isaac S. K. Ogier (1853–1854)
 * Pacificus Ord (1854–1858)
 * J. R. Gitchell (1858–1861)
 * Kimball H. Dimmick (1861)
 * Billington C. Whiting (1861)
 * J. Marion Brooks (1887–1888)
 * George J. Davis (1888–1889)
 * Aurelius W. Hutton (1889–1890)
 * Willoughby Cole (1890–1892)
 * Matthew J. Allen (1892–1893)
 * George J. Denis (1893–1897)
 * Frank P. Flint (1897–1901)
 * L. H. Valentine (1901–1905)
 * Oscar Lawler (1905–1909)
 * Aloysuis McCormick (1909–1913)
 * Albert Schoonover (1913–1917)
 * John R. O'Connor (1917–1921)
 * Joseph C. Burke (1921–1925)
 * Samuel W. McNabb (1925–1933)
 * John R. Layng (1933)
 * Pierson M. Hall (1933–1937)
 * Benjamin Harrison (1937–1940)
 * William F. Palmer (1940–1942)
 * Leo W. Silverstein (1942–1943)
 * Charles H. Carr (1943–1946)
 * James M. Carter (1946–1949)
 * Ernest A. Tolin (1949–1951)
 * Walter S. Binns (1951–1953)
 * Laughlin E. Waters (1953–1961)
 * Francis C. Whelan (1961–1964)
 * Thomas R. Sheridan (1964)
 * Manuel L. Real (1964–1966)
 * Edwin L. Miller Jr. (1966–1969)
 * Harry D. Steward (1969–1975)
 * Terry J. Knoepp (1975–1977)
 * Michael J. Walsh (1977–1980)
 * M. James Lorenz (1980–1981)
 * William H. Kennedy (1981–1982)
 * Peter K. Nunez (1982–1988)
 * William Braniff (1988–1993)
 * Alan Bersin (1993-1998)
 * Charles La Bella (1998-1999)
 * Greg Vega (1999-2001)
 * Patrick O’Toole (acting 2001-2002)
 * Carol Lam (2002-2007)
 * Karen Hewitt (2007-2010)
 * Laura Duffy (2010-2017)
 * Robert S. Brewer Jr. (2019-2021)
 * Randy Grossman (2021-2023)
 * Tara McGrath (2023-present)


text:
Marion Chesney

Marion Gibbons (née Chesney; 10 June 1936 – 30/31 December 2019) was a Scottish writer of romance and mystery novels, whose career as a published author began in 1979. She wrote numerous successful historical romance novels under a form of her maiden name, Marion Chesney, including the "Travelling Matchmaker" and "Daughters of Mannerling" series.

Using the pseudonym M. C. Beaton, she also wrote many popular mystery novels, most notably the Agatha Raisin and Hamish Macbeth mystery series. Both of these book series have been adapted for TV. She also wrote romance novels under the pseudonyms Ann Fairfax, Jennie Tremaine, Helen Crampton, Charlotte Ward, and Sarah Chester.

Writing as Marion Chesney, her final endeavour was an Edwardian mystery series featuring Lady Rose Summer, a charming debutante with an independent streak, and Captain Harry Cathcart, an impoverished aristocrat. In an interview, she stated that she ceased writing the Edwardian series as a result of the pressure of writing for the Agatha Raisin and Hamish Macbeth series.

Biography
Marion Chesney was born on 10 June 1936 in Glasgow, Scotland, and worked as a buyer of fiction for the Glasgow bookshop, John Smith & Son, before working at the Scottish Daily Express as a theatre critic, newspaper reporter, and editor. She married Express Middle East Correspondent Harry Scott Gibbons in 1969; they had a son, Charles. The couple moved to the Cotswolds when their son was about to go to university, assuming that he would go to Oxford, though in fact he did not.

Chesney had also lived in the USA. In later life, she divided her time between a cottage in the Cotswolds and Paris. She died at a hospital in Gloucester, England on 30 December 2019, at the age of 83.

Little Brown, Chesney's publisher at the time of her death, announced that before the author became ill, she continued to write and was working on new material for her beloved characters, Hamish Macbeth and Agatha Raisin.

As Ann Fairfax

 * My Dear Duchess (1979)
 * Henrietta (1979)
 * Annabelle (1980)
 * Penelope (1982)

As Jennie Tremaine

 * Kitty (1979)
 * Daisy (1980)
 * Lucy (1980)
 * Polly (1980)
 * Molly (1980)
 * Ginny (1980)
 * Tilly (1980)
 * Susie (1981)
 * Poppy (1982)
 * Sally (1982)
 * Maggie (1984)
 * Lady Anne's Deception (1986)

As Helen Crampton

 * The Marquis Takes a Bride (1980)
 * Marriage a la Mode (1980)
 * The Highland Countess (1981)

Stand-alone novels

 * Regency Gold (1980)
 * Lady Margery's Intrigue (1980)
 * The Constant Companion (1980)
 * Quadrille (1981)
 * My Lords, Ladies and Marjorie (1981)
 * The Ghost and Lady Alice (1982)
 * Love and Lady Lovelace (1982)
 * Duke's Diamonds (1982)
 * The Flirt (1985)
 * At The Sign of the Golden Pineapple (1987)
 * Miss Davenport's Christmas (1993)
 * The Chocolate Debutante (1998)

(some of these books were re-published much later as part of other series, often as by "M. C. Beaton")

Those Endearing Young Charms
 * 1) The French Affair (1984)
 * 2) To Dream of Love (1986)
 * 3) A Marriage of Inconvenience (1992)
 * 4) A Governess of Distinction (1992)
 * 5) The Glitter and the Gold (1993)
 * 6) Duke's Diamonds (1982)
 * 7) Those Endearing Young Charms (1986)

Westerby

 * 1) The Westerby Inheritance (1982)
 * 2) The Westerby Sisters (1982)

The Six Sisters

 * 1) Minerva (1983)
 * 2) The Taming of Annabelle (1983)
 * 3) Deirdre and Desire (1984)
 * 4) Daphne (1984)
 * 5) Diana the Huntress (1985)
 * 6) Frederica in Fashion (1985)

A House for the Season series

 * 1) The Miser of Mayfair (1986)
 * 2) Plain Jane (1986)
 * 3) The Wicked Godmother (1987)
 * 4) Rake's Progress (1987)
 * 5) The Adventuress (1987)
 * 6) Rainbird's Revenge (1988)

The School for Manners

 * 1) Refining Felicity (1988)
 * 2) Perfecting Fiona (1989)
 * 3) Enlightening Delilah (1989)
 * 4) Finessing Clarissa (1989)
 * 5) Animating Maria (1990)
 * 6) Marrying Harriet (1990)

Waverley Women

 * 1) The First Rebellion (1989)
 * 2) Silken Bonds (1989)
 * 3) The Love Match (1990)

The Travelling Matchmaker

 * 1) Emily Goes to Exeter (1990)
 * 2) Belinda Goes to Bath (1991)
 * 3) Penelope Goes to Portsmouth (1991)
 * 4) Beatrice Goes to Brighton (1991)
 * 5) Deborah Goes to Dover (1992)
 * 6) Yvonne Goes to York (1992)

Poor relation

 * 1) Lady Fortescue Steps Out (1993)
 * 2) Miss Tonks Turns to Crime (1993) aka Miss Tonks Takes a Risk
 * 3) Mrs. Budley Falls From Grace (1993)
 * 4) Sir Philip's Folly (1993)
 * 5) Colonel Sandhurst to the Rescue (1994)
 * 6) Back in Society (1994)

The Daughters of Mannerling

 * 1) The Banishment (1995)
 * 2) The Intrigue (1995)
 * 3) The Deception (1996)
 * 4) The Folly (1996)
 * 5) The Romance (1997)
 * 6) The Homecoming (1997)

Edwardian Murder Mystery

 * 1) Snobbery with Violence (2003)
 * 2) Hasty Death (2004)
 * 3) Sick of Shadows (2005)
 * 4) Our Lady of Pain (2006)

As Charlotte Ward

 * The Westerby Inheritance (1982)

Hamish Macbeth series

 * 1) Death of a Gossip (1985)
 * 2) Death of a Cad (1987)
 * 3) Death of an Outsider (1988)
 * 4) Death of a Perfect Wife (1989)
 * 5) Death of a Hussy (1991)
 * 6) Death of a Snob (1992)
 * 7) Death of a Prankster (1992)
 * 8) Death of a Glutton OR Death of a Greedy Woman (1993)
 * 9) Death of a Travelling Man (1993)
 * 10) Death of a Charming Man (1994)
 * 11) Death of a Nag (1995)
 * 12) Death of a Macho Man (1996)
 * 13) Death of a Dentist (1997)
 * 14) Death of a Scriptwriter (1998)
 * 15) Death of an Addict (1999)
 * 16) A Highland Christmas (2000)
 * 17) Death of a Dustman (2001)
 * 18) Death of a Celebrity (2002)
 * 19) Death of a Village (2003)
 * 20) Death of a Poison Pen (2004)
 * 21) Death of a Bore (2005)
 * 22) Death of a Dreamer (2006)
 * 23) Death of a Maid (2007)
 * 24) Death of a Gentle Lady (2008)
 * 25) Death of a Witch (2009)
 * 26) Death of a Valentine (2010)
 * 27) Death of a Chimney Sweep (2011)
 * 28) Death of a Kingfisher (2012)
 * 29) Death of Yesterday (2013)
 * 30) Death of a Policeman (2014)
 * 31) Death of a Liar (2015)
 * 32) Death of a Nurse (2016)
 * 33) Death of a Ghost (2017)
 * 34) Death of an Honest Man (2018)

Short Stories and Companion books: Posthumous:
 * Knock, Knock, You're Dead, ebook short story (2016)
 * Death of a Laird, ebook short story (2022, credited to "M. C. Beaton with R. W. Green")
 * 1) Death of a Green-Eyed Monster (2022, credited to "M. C. Beaton with R. W. Green")
 * 2) Death of a Traitor (2023, credited to "M. C. Beaton with R. W. Green")

Agatha Raisin series

 * 1) Agatha Raisin and the Quiche of Death (1992)
 * 2) Agatha Raisin and the Vicious Vet (1993)
 * 3) Agatha Raisin and the Potted Gardener (1994)
 * 4) Agatha Raisin and the Walkers of Dembley (1995)
 * 5) Agatha Raisin and the Murderous Marriage (1996)
 * 6) Agatha Raisin and the Terrible Tourist (1997)
 * 7) Agatha Raisin and the Wellspring of Death (1998)
 * 8) Agatha Raisin and the Wizard of Evesham (1999)
 * 9) Agatha Raisin and the Witch of Wyckhadden (1999)
 * 10) Agatha Raisin and the Fairies of Fryfam (2000)
 * 11) Agatha Raisin and the Love from Hell (2001)
 * 12) Agatha Raisin and the Day the Floods Came (2002)
 * 13) Agatha Raisin and the Case of the Curious Curate (2003)
 * 14) Agatha Raisin and the Haunted House (2003)
 * 15) Agatha Raisin and the Deadly Dance (2004)
 * 16) Agatha Raisin and the Perfect Paragon (2005)
 * 17) Love, Lies and Liquor:  An Agatha Raisin Mystery (2006)
 * 18) Agatha Raisin and Kissing Christmas Goodbye (2007)
 * 19) A Spoonful of Poison:  An Agatha Raisin Mystery (2008)
 * 20) Agatha Raisin: There Goes The Bride (2009)
 * 21) Busy Body:  An Agatha Raisin Mystery (2010)
 * 22) As the Pig Turns:  An Agatha Raisin Mystery (2011)
 * 23) Hiss and Hers (2012)
 * 24) Something Borrowed, Someone Dead:  An Agatha Raisin Mystery (2013)
 * 25) The Blood of an Englishman (2014)
 * 26) Dishing the Dirt (2015)
 * 27) Pushing up daisies (2016)
 * 28) The Witches' Tree (2017)
 * 29) The Dead Ringer (2018)
 * 30) Beating About the Bush (2019)

Short stories and related works:

 * 1) Agatha Raisin and the Christmas Crumble (2012)
 * 2) Hell's Bells (2013)
 * 3) Agatha's First Case (2015)
 * 4) The Agatha Raisin Companion (2010) with introduction by M.C.Beaton.

Posthumous:
 * 1) Hot to Trot (2020, credited to "M. C. Beaton with R. W. Green")
 * 2) Down the Hatch (2021, credited to "M. C. Beaton with R. W. Green")
 * 3) Devil's Delight (2022, credited to "M. C. Beaton with R. W. Green")
 * 4) Dead on Target (2023, credited to "M.C. Beaton with R.W. Green")

Stand-alone novels

 * The Education of Miss Patterson (1985)
 * Ms. Davenport's Christmas (1993)
 * The Skeleton in the Closet (2001)

As Sarah Chester

 * Dancing on the Wind (1988)

title: Marion Chesney


text:
Fitzgerald Inquiry

The Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct (the Fitzgerald Inquiry; 1987–1989) into Queensland Police corruption was a judicial inquiry presided over by Tony Fitzgerald QC. The inquiry resulted in the resignation of Queensland's premier, Joh Bjelke-Petersen, the calling of two by-elections, and the jailing of three former ministers and the Police Commissioner Terry Lewis (who also lost his knighthood). It also contributed to the end of the National Party of Australia's 32-year run as the governing political party in Queensland.

History
The inquiry was established in response to a series of articles by reporter Phil Dickie in The Courier-Mail about high-level police corruption, followed by a Four Corners television report on the same issue by Chris Masters, entitled "The Moonlight State", which aired on 11 May 1987. Both investigations dealt with illegal prostitution and gambling aided by police corruption. With Queensland's Premier of 18 years, Joh Bjelke-Petersen, out of the state, his deputy, Bill Gunn, ordered a commission of inquiry the day after the television report was broadcast.

The allegations aired in the media were not new. They had surfaced from time to time and some news organisations had been forced to pay damages to aggrieved people who alleged their reputations had been damaged (Bjelke-Petersen himself was notoriously litigious in response to unfavourable press coverage). The government was reported to have initially preferred District Court Judge Eric Pratt, chair of the controversial Police Complaints Tribunal and a close friend of Police Commissioner Lewis, to head the inquiry, which led to fears by journalists that it would be a whitewash. After consulting the legal profession, Attorney-General Paul Clauson opposed Pratt as unsuitable and he was removed from consideration.

The government then approached Ian Callinan to head the inquiry, but he refused on the basis that he was perceived to be too close to the government. Callinan recommended Fitzgerald as a suitable head. He also drafted the terms of reference for the inquiry and represented the Queensland Government before it. While the terms of reference were initially narrow, restricted only to the specific allegations raised against specific persons named in the media over a period of just five years, Fitzgerald used his moral authority to expand the inquiry to examine any relevant matter. As a result, the terms of reference of the Commission were extended twice.

That enabled Fitzgerald to set a precedent for commissions of inquiry and Royal Commissions in Australia generally, using innovative methods, such as indemnities from prosecution for key witnesses, to secure vital evidence. He began formal hearings on 27 July 1987. The inquiry was initially expected to last about six weeks; it instead spent almost two years conducting a comprehensive investigation of long-term, systemic political corruption and abuse of power in Queensland. Public sittings were held on 238 days, hearing testimony from 339 witnesses.

On 28 August, a Licensing Branch sergeant, Harry Burgess confessed to corruption, and implicated Jack Herbert, and assistant commissioner Graeme Parker. In turn, Parker implicated police commissioner Terry Lewis on 16 September.

The inquiry eventually outlived the Bjelke-Petersen government. Mike Ahern became the new Premier after Bjelke-Petersen was deposed by his own party. Evidence revealed by the investigation, including testimony from Bjelke-Petersen himself, caused significant political damage and led to a power struggle within the National Party. Bjelke-Petersen resigned as Premier after an unsuccessful attempt to have the Governor of Queensland sack all of his ministers after they had deposed him as party leader.

The inquiry's special prosecutor was Doug Drummond QC. It was Drummond who decided not to retry Bjelke-Petersen after a hung jury had failed to convict him of corruption and perjury.

Findings
Fitzgerald's report was submitted on 3 July 1989. As a result, a number of high-profile politicians were charged with crimes, and Queensland Police Commissioner Terry Lewis was charged with corruption.

Bjelke-Petersen himself was put on trial for perjury in respect of evidence he gave to the inquiry. The jury in the case was deadlocked, bringing about a mistrial. In 1992, it was revealed that the jury foreman, Luke Shaw, was a member of the Young Nationals, was identified with the "Friends of Joh" movement, and had misrepresented the state of deliberations to the judge. According to an ABC TV analysis, "A later inquiry conducted by Justice Bill Carter found the selection process had been manipulated by ... ex-police officers ... helping to put Joh before a jury led by Young Nationals member, Luke Shaw". A special prosecutor announced in 1992 there would be no retrial because Sir Joh, then aged 81, was too old.

Jack Herbert had been the bagman, collecting bribes for police commissioner Terry Lewis from 1980. Lewis himself had been a bagman for former commissioner Francis Bischof. Lewis was convicted (and subsequently stripped of his knighthood).

Leisha Harvey, a former health minister, was charged with misappropriating of public funds as part of an investigation resulting from the findings of the inquiry. She spent one year in jail. Don Lane, a former transport minister, was sentenced to twelve months imprisonment for falsifying expense accounts. Lane's resignation resulted in the 1989 Merthyr state by-election. Brian Austin, another former health minister, was convicted of misappropriating public funds. Geoff Muntz was convicted of misappropriation of ministerial expense funds. The resignation of senior minister Russell Hinze, after damaging allegations were made against him during the inquiry, led to the 1988 South Coast state by-election.

The Queensland Police Special Bureau was formed on 30 July 1940 and renamed Special Branch on 7 April 1948. It was criticised for being used for political purposes by the Bjelke-Petersen government in the 1970s and 1980s, for example, enforcing laws against protests, sometimes outnumbering the protesters or using provocateurs to incite violence so the protesters could be arrested, and investigating and harassing political opponents. Following a recommendation by the Fitzgerald Inquiry, the Special Branch was disbanded in 1989, having destroyed its records before Fitzgerald could subpoena them.

In large part due to public anger over the revelations in the Fitzgerald report, the National Party was decisively defeated in the December 1989 state election, which brought the Australian Labor Party to power for the first time since 1957.

Recommendations
The two most significant recommendations were the establishment of the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC) and the Electoral and Administrative Review Commission which was to review electoral boundaries. The need for Freedom of Information legislation in the state was noted, as was the need to review laws relating to public assembly and guidelines for the disclosure of pecuniary interests of parliamentarians. The CJC was to be responsible for investigating specific individuals mentioned during the inquiry.

The police culture of the state was also criticised. Aspects such as loyalty to fellow police officers, police not enforcing laws against other police, and failure to listen to whistle-blowers, were condemned because they led to misconduct, inefficiency and contempt for the justice system. Many of the inquiry's recommendations were implemented by Wayne Goss, the first Labor Party Premier of Queensland in 32 years.

Cultural depictions
The investigation leading up to the inquiry and the inquiry itself were depicted in the 1989 TV movie Police State by Chris Noonan.

Bjelke-Petersen's trial was later the subject of a TV movie, Joh's Jury.

Margot Hutcheson painted a picture of the inquiry, Wasn't the Fitzgerald Inquiry Fun?

In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, the Fitzgerald Inquiry was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "Defining Moment".

Folk singer John Dengate wrote the satirical song "The Queensland Policeman" about the inquiry.

title: Fitzgerald Inquiry