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Delegated legislation in the United Kingdom

Delegated legislation or secondary legislation in the United Kingdom is law that is not enacted by a legislative assembly such as the UK Parliament, but made by a government minister, a delegated person or an authorised body under powers given to them by an Act of Parliament.

Statutory instruments are the most frequently used type of secondary legislation, with approximately 3,500 made each year, although only about 1,000 need to be considered by Parliament. They usually have either "Rules", "Order" or "Regulations" in their title.

Secondary legislation is used for a wide variety of purposes such as fixing the date on which an Act of Parliament will come into force; setting fees for a public service; or establishing the details of an Act of Parliament. Delegated legislation is dependent on its parent act, which prescribes its parameters and procedures. Although a large volume of delegated legislation is written without close parliamentary scrutiny, there are statutory instruments to prevent its misuse.

Background
Delegated legislation is derived from its parent act, which prescribes its parameters and procedures. Delegated legislation saves parliamentary time by considering matters of technical detail. Such details are prepared by those with relevant expert knowledge.

Through its inherent flexibility, delegated legislation accommodates changing circumstances such as changing fees for public services, developments in science or minor changes in government policy. Delegated legislation allows the rapid drafting of emergency powers. In comparison to Acts of Parliament, which may take much time to pass, the flexibility of delegated legislation can be used to solve problems of governance in a timely way.

Delegated legislation is effected by signature of the author or his authorized representative. In the case of the monarch, only his verbal assent is required. A statutory instrument related to the parent act is required to write delegated legislation. It ensures the legislation is catalogued and published by the King's Printer. Exceptions are directions and by-laws where notifications are made to affected entities.

Criticism of delegated legislation may arise because:
 * 1) it is subject to a lesser degree of parliamentary scrutiny than Acts of Parliament.
 * 2) it may be used to remove from the scrutiny of the parliament matters that are causing difficulty for the government by designating them "matters concerning detail".
 * 3) within the large volume of delegated legislation there may be little public knowledge of changes being made. However, the statutory instruments are in place to prevent misuse.

Types
Delegated legislation can take a variety of forms, each with different uses. The boundaries between the forms are not fixed. The types used will be determined by the wording of the parent Act.
 * Orders in Council are made by the King on the advice of the Privy Council (the Government). Orders in Council are used in matters of constitutional significance. An example is bringing into force emergency powers to be exercised by ministers.
 * Orders of Council are made by the lords of the Privy Council. They are used for regulation of professional bodies and the higher education sector.
 * Ministerial orders are made by ministers.
 * Orders exercise executive powers of government ministers. An example is the dissolution of a public body. Commencement orders set the date on which an Act, or part of an Act, comes into force.
 * Regulations set out how an Act is to be implemented and are usually made by ministers.
 * Rules set out procedures for operation of a government entity such as the courts or the Patent Office. Rules may be made by ministers or, if specified in the parent Act, a senior judge. In Scotland, rules of court take the form of Scottish statutory instruments. Those regulating civil procedure are enacted by the Court of Session and are called Acts of Sederunt. Those regulating criminal procedure are enacted by the High Court of Justiciary as Acts of Adjournal. Acts of Adjournal can modify primary legislation where it relates to criminal judicial procedure.
 * Schemes are made by commissions to proscribe how entities under their remit are governed. An example is the Charity Commission which supervises charitable organizations.
 * Directions are a means by which ministers give legally binding instructions to a public body about the way it exercises its functions.
 * By-laws are laws of limited application (usually restricted to certain places) made by local authorities or certain other bodies (for example, train operating companies or the National Trust) to control the activities of the people in public spaces.

Layout of official documents
A document which records delegated legislation will begin with a preamble. It describes the author of the legislation, the related parent Act and its preconditions and any stakeholders. The terms used in the document are determined by the type of delegated legislation it records. For instance, in orders, clauses are called "articles". Clauses may be grouped under headings and in complex delegated legislation, the document may be divided into parts. The main text is followed by any schedules and explanatory notes.

Controls
Delegated legislation is controlled by parliament and the judiciary. Parliamentary controls include "affirmative resolution procedures" where the legislation requires approval in both houses of parliament and "negative resolution procedures" where the legislation may be vetoed by either house. By convention, the House of Lords will not veto but rather pass a motion to convey its concerns about the legislation.

Judicial control of delegated legislation is exercised through judicial review. Delegated legislation can be quashed by a court if it is found to be ultra vires (outside the parameters defined in the parent Act). There are two types of ultra vires. In "substantive ultra vires", delegated legislation is deemed void because it goes beyond the powers defined in the parent Act. In "procedural ultra vires", delegated legislation is deemed void because of some procedural deficiency. A court may also quash delegated legislation on the basis of unreasonableness.


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User:Sperling

My name is Karsten Sperling, and I live in Auckland, New Zealand. My personal homepage is at http://spiff.de/.

Accounts on other projects: de, commons, source.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Sperling


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Philadelphia History Museum

The Philadelphia History Museum was a public history museum located in Center City, Philadelphia from 1938 until 2018. From 1938 until 2010, the museum was known as the Atwater Kent Museum. The museum occupied architect John Haviland's landmark Greek Revival structure built in 1824–1826 for the Franklin Institute. The Museum operated as a city agency as part of Philadelphia's Department of Recreation. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 1, 1979.

History
The museum was established through the efforts of Philadelphia Mayor S. Davis Wilson, Frances Wistar, president of the Philadelphia Society for the Preservation of Landmarks, and A. Atwater Kent, radio pioneer and inventor. In 1938 Kent purchased the former Franklin Institute building, which the Institute had vacated in 1933, and gifted the building to the city for use as a public history museum. Following renovations carried out by the Works Progress Administration, the Museum opened in 1941.

After years of declining attendance and financial shortfalls, the museum closed its doors in 2018. In September 2019, the city approved a plan to transfer the museum's collections to Drexel University who would preserve the collections and offer them out for loan. Drexel was granted control of the collection in April of 2022. Drexel University has reverted the name of the collection to refer to Atwater Kent as the Atwater Kent Collection at Drexel.

Collection
The Museum's collections included more than 80,000 objects related to Philadelphia and regional history, including an estimated 10,000 17th- to 20th-century artifacts transferred from the Historical Society of Pennsylvania art and artifact collection in 2009, 1700 Quaker-related items from Friends Historical Association Collection, and collections reflecting Philadelphia manufacturing, the 1876 Centennial Exposition, toys and miniatures, and radio broadcasting.

Highlights from the permanent exhibitions included the boxing gloves of Joe Frazier, the desk of George Washington, a drinking glass owned by Benjamin Franklin, and a wampum belt allegedly given to William Penn by the Lenape.

title: Philadelphia History Museum


text:
Talk:Transgenic

is there any reason not to merge this stub with GMO? -- Kku 13:05, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I can't think of any, so I'm doing it. JanSöderback 05:51, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:Transgenic


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Talk:Sumba

unsigned earlier message
This article is linked to from List_of_towns_in_the_Faroe_Islands. Sumba is indeed a town in the Faroe Islands, but clicking on Sumba shows information on an island with the same name. Sumba is the southernmost town in [maybe on] the Faroe Islands.

External links modified
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External links modified (January 2018)
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title: Talk:Sumba


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Document Structuring Conventions

Document Structuring Conventions, or DSC, is a set of standards for PostScript, based on the use of comments, that specifies a way to structure a PostScript file and a way to expose that structure in a machine-readable way. A PostScript file that conforms to DSC is called a conforming document.

The need for a structuring convention arises since PostScript is a Turing-complete programming language. There is thus no guaranteed method — short of actually printing the document — to do things like determining how many pages long a given document is or how large a given page is, or how to skip to a particular page. The addition of structure, with DSC comments exposing that structure, helps provide a way for, e.g., an intelligent print spooler to have the ability to rearrange the pages for printing, or for a page layout program to find the bounding box of a PostScript file used as a graphic image. Collectively, any such program that takes PostScript files as input data is called a document manager.

In order for a PostScript print file to properly distill to PDF using Adobe tools, it should conform to basic DSC standards.

Some DSC comments serve a second function, specifying a way to tell the document manager to do certain things, like inserting a font or other PostScript code (collectively called resources) into the file. DSC comments that serve this second function are more akin to preprocessing directives and are not purely comments. Documents using those kinds of DSC comments require a functioning document manager to come out as intended; sending them directly to a printer will not work.

DSC is the basis for Encapsulated PostScript (EPS): EPS files are documents that conform to the DSC standards with further restrictions.

The set of DSC comments can be expanded by a mechanism called the Open Structuring Conventions, which, together with the EPS specification, form the basis of early versions of the Adobe Illustrator Artwork file format.

DSC at a glance
The basic premise of DSC is the separation of prolog (static definitions) and script (code that affects job-specific printed output), plus the disallowing of certain PostScript operators deemed inappropriate for page descriptions. This ensures a basic level of predictability in the PostScript code, thus forming the basis of document manageability.

An optional, additional layer of document manageability is provided by separating the script into a document setup section, zero or more functionally independent pages, and an optional trailer (cleanup code). (“Zero pages” in DSC usually means “one page without the use of the PostScript ‘showpage’ operator.) The functional independence between pages, plus the disallowing of more PostScript operators in the pages section, form the basis for page independence, which allows pages to be reordered, and independently and randomly accessed.

This imposed structure is then exposed by delimiting the PostScript file with DSC comments, which normally begin with two percent signs followed by a keyword. Some keywords need to be followed by a colon, an optional space character, and then a series of arguments.

Finally, the document is marked as conforming by starting it with a comment starting with “%!PS-Adobe-” followed by the DSC version number.

Sections of reusable PostScript code can be modularized into procsets (procedure sets, corresponding to function libraries in other programming languages), in order to ease the generation of PostScript code. Procsets and other PostScript resources (for example, fonts) can be omitted from the PostScript file itself, and externally referenced by a directive-like DSC comment; such external referencing, however, can only work with a document manager that understands such DSC comments.

DSC version 3.0 was released on September 25, 1992. The specification states, "Even though the DSC comments are a layer of communication beyond the PostScript language and do not affect the final output, their use is considered to be good PostScript language programming style." Thus, most PostScript-producing programs output DSC-conformant comments along with the code, although some such programs do not actually produce conforming documents.

Example
A DSC-conforming document (this one generated by dvips) might begin: which has the following meaning:

 * 1) marks the document as conforming to version 2.0 of the DSC
 * 2) identifies the PostScript-producing program as dvips 5.95a
 * 3) identifies the document title
 * 4) tells the document manager that the document consists of one page
 * 5) tells the document manager that pages are independent (i.e., not in Special ordering) and appear in ascending order in the document; in this example, since the document only consists of one page, this information is not usually relevant, but will be needed if additional pages are to be inserted by a document manager
 * 6) tells the document manager the coordinates, measured in PostScript points, of the bounding box for all the pages taken together; 0 0 612 792 is the coordinates of a US Letter–sized page
 * 7) tells the document manager what kind of paper sizes are used in the whole document; in this example only one size is used, namely the US Letter size
 * 8) marks the end of the prolog

title: Document Structuring Conventions


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User talk:Apainttown

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title: User talk:Apainttown


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Lieber Code

The Lieber Code (General Orders No. 100, April 24, 1863) was the military law that governed the wartime conduct of the Union Army by defining and describing command responsibility for war crimes and crimes against humanity; and the military responsibilities of the Union soldier fighting in the American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865) against the Confederate States of America (February 8, 1861 – May 9, 1865).

The General Orders No. 100: Instructions for the Government of the Armies of the United States in the Field (Lieber Code) were written by Franz Lieber, a German lawyer, political philosopher, and combat veteran of the Napoleonic Wars.

Background
At military age, the jurist Franz Lieber soldiered and fought in two wars, first for Prussia in the Napoleonic Wars (18 May 1803 – 20 November 1815) and then in the Greek War of Independence (21 February 1821 – 12 September 1829) from the Ottoman Empire (1299–1922). In his later career, Lieber was an academic at the College of South Carolina, in the southern region of United States of America. Although not personally an abolitionist, Lieber opposed slavery in principle and in practice because he had witnessed the brutalities of black chattel slavery in the South, from which he departed for New York City in 1857. In 1860, Professor Lieber taught history and political science at the Columbia Law School, and publicly lectured about the "Laws and Usages of War" proposing that the laws of war correspond to a legitimate purpose for the war.

During that time, Lieber had three sons who fought in the American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865): one in the Confederate Army, who was killed at the Battle of Eltham's Landing (May 7, 1862), and two in the Union Army. Later in 1862, in St. Louis, Missouri, while searching for the Union-soldier son wounded at the Battle of Fort Donelson (February 11–16, 1862), Lieber asked the help of his professional acquaintance Major General Henry W. Halleck, who had been a lawyer before the Civil War and was the author of International Law, or, Rules Regulating the Intercourse of States in Peace and War (1861), a book of political philosophy that emphasized legal correspondence between the casus belli and the purpose of the war.

Legal dilemma
In fighting the Confederate Army, guerrillas, and civilian collaborators of the Confederacy, Union Army soldiers and officers faced ethical dilemmas of command responsibility concerning their summary execution in situ, per military custom, because the 1806 Articles of War did not address the management and disposition of prisoners of war and irregular fighters; nor the management and safe disposition of escaped black slaves – who were not to be repatriated to the Confederacy, per the Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves (1862).

To resolve the lack of military authority in the 1806 Articles of War, Commanding General of the Union Army Halleck commissioned Professor Lieber to write military laws specific to the modern warfare of the American Civil War. For the Union Army's management and disposal of irregular fighters (guerrillas, spies, saboteurs, et al.), Lieber wrote the tract of military law Guerilla Parties Considered with Reference to the Laws and Usages of War (1862), which disallowed a soldier's POW-status to Confederate guerrillas and irregular fighters with three functional disqualifications: (i) guerrillas do not wear the army uniform of a belligerent party to the war; (ii) guerrillas have no formal chain of command, like a regular army unit; and (iii) guerrillas cannot take prisoners, as could an army unit.

At the end of 1862, General Halleck and War Secretary Stanton commissioned Lieber to revise the military law of the 1806 Articles of War to include the practical considerations of military necessity and the humanitarian needs of civilian populations under military occupation. The editorial-revision committee, Major General Ethan A. Hitchcock and Major General George Cadwalader, Major General George L. Hartsuff and Brigadier General John Henry Martindale, requested from Lieber comprehensive military laws to govern the Union Army's prosecution of the Civil War. Gen. Halleck edited Lieber's military law to concur with the Emancipation Proclamation (1 January 1863), and, on April 24, 1863, President Lincoln promulgated General Orders No. 100, Instructions for the Government of the Armies of the United States in the Field, the Lieber Code.

Legal provisions
For the Union Army's prosecution of the American Civil War, General Order No. 100 (April 24, 1863) concerns the practical particulars of martial law, military jurisdiction, and the treatment of Confederate irregular fighters, such as spies, deserters, and prisoners of war. In the field practice of military justice, the unit commander held authority for any prosecution under the Lieber Code, which command authority included the summary execution of Confederate prisoners of war and war-criminal soldiers of the Union Army. In the context of the American Civil War, the Lieber Code explains the concepts of military necessity and humanitarian needs in articles 14, 15, and 16 of Section I:

"# Military necessity, as understood by modern civilized nations, consists in the necessity of those measures which are indispensable for securing the ends of the war, and which are lawful according to the modern law and usages of war.
 * 1) Military necessity admits of all direct destruction of life or limb of armed enemies, and of other persons whose destruction is incidentally unavoidable in the armed contests of the war; it allows of the capturing of every armed enemy, and every enemy of importance to the hostile government, or of peculiar danger to the captor; it allows of all destruction of property, and obstruction of the ways and channels of traffic, travel, or communication, and of all withholding of sustenance or means of life from the enemy; of the appropriation of whatever an enemy's country affords necessary for the subsistence and safety of the Army, and of such deception as does not involve the breaking of good faith either positively pledged, regarding agreements entered into during the war, or supposed by the modern law of war to exist. Men who take up arms against one another in public war do not cease on this account to be moral beings, responsible to one another and to God.
 * 2) Military necessity does not admit of cruelty – that is, the infliction of suffering for the sake of suffering or for revenge, nor of maiming or wounding except in fight, nor of torture to extort confessions. It does not admit of the use of poison in any way, nor of the wanton devastation of a district. It admits of deception, but disclaims acts of perfidy; and, in general, military necessity does not include any act of hostility which makes the return to peace unnecessarily difficult."

In the late 19th century, the Lieber Code was the first modern codification of both customary international law and the law of war of Europe, and later was a basis for the Hague Convention of 1907, which restated and codified the practical particulars of that U.S. military law for application to international war among the signatory countries.

Ethical warfare
As the modernization of the 1806 Articles of War (An Act for Establishing Rules and Articles for the Government of the Armies of the United States), the Lieber Code defines and describes what is a state of civil war, what is military occupation, and explains the politico-military purposes of war; explains what are the permissible and the impermissible military means an army can employ to fight and win a war; and defines and describes the nature of the nation-state, the nature of national sovereignty, and what is rebellion.

The Code requires the humane, ethical treatment of civil populations under the military occupation of the Union Army, and forbids the policy of killing prisoners of war – except when taking prisoners endangers the capturing unit. Moreover, concerning the ethics of fighting a civil war, Article 70, Section III stipulates that "the use of poison in any manner, be it to poison wells, or food, or arms, is wholly excluded from modern warfare. He that uses it puts himself out of the pale of the law and usages of war."

The Code forbids torture as warfare; thus Article 44, Section II prohibits "all wanton violence committed against persons in the invaded country, all destruction of property not commanded by the authorized officer, all robbery, all pillage or sacking, even after taking a place by main force, all rape, wounding, maiming, or killing of such inhabitants, are prohibited under the penalty of death, or such other severe punishment as may seem adequate for the gravity of the offense. A soldier, officer, or private, in the act of committing such violence, and disobeying a superior ordering him to abstain from it, may be lawfully killed on the spot by such superior."

Black prisoners of war
The Lieber Code military law concorded with the Emancipation Proclamation (1 January 1863) and prohibited racist discrimination against black soldiers of the Union Army, specifically the Confederate Army denying them the rights and privileges of prisoners of war. Those stipulations of U.S. military law specifically addressed the Confederate government's proclamation that the Confederate Army would treat captured black soldiers of the Union Army as escaped slaves, and not as prisoners of war, subject either to summary execution or to re-enslavement in the Confederacy; likewise, the white officers commanding the captured black soldiers would be denied prisoner-of-war status and would be arrested, tried, and condemned as common criminals for helping slaves escape human bondage.

Hard measures
Regarding a successful military occupation, the Lieber Code proposed a reciprocal relationship between the U.S. military authority and the Confederate civilian population, whose co-operation with the military authority would ensure considerations and good treatment for the civilian populace; that against guerrilla warfare and armed resistance to martial law the Union Army would subject the insubordinate enemy civilians to imprisonment and death.

Moreover, to defend against the Confederate Army's violations of the laws of war by way of irregular fighters, the Lieber Code allowed retaliation by musketry against Confederate POWs, and allowed the summary execution of captured enemy civilians (spies, saboteurs, francs-tireurs, guerrillas) caught attacking the Union Army and the United States.

In the 19th century, the Lieber Code legalized limited circumstances for retaliation against enemies for acts such as giving no quarter, reasoning "a reckless enemy ... leaves to his opponent no other means of securing himself against the repetition of barbarous outrage." (article 27) "Retaliation shall only be resorted to after careful inquiry into the real occurrence, and the character of the misdeeds that may demand retribution."(article 28)

However, retribution is limited: "Unjust or inconsiderate retaliation removes the belligerents farther and farther from the mitigating rules of regular war, and by rapid steps leads them nearer to the internecine wars of savages."(article 28)

As he believed war's ultimate goal is to bring peace, Lieber preferred for short wars fought and won with decisive warfare, as proposed in the strategy and tactics of the Prussian military science of Carl von Clausewitz. To that end, the Lieber Code legitimized and justified aggressive war to expand the operational range of the Union Army’s prosecution of the civil war to conquer the Confederacy and free the slaves.

Occupation of the Confederacy

For the conquest and military occupation of the Confederate States of America (February 8, 1861 – May 9, 1865), General William Tecumseh Sherman based his Special Field Orders No. 120 (November 9, 1864) upon General Orders No. 100 (April 24, 1863) for the Union Army. To realize a peaceful military occupation of the state of Georgia, Special Field Order No. 120 stipulated that "in districts and neighborhoods where the army is unmolested no destruction of such property should be permitted; but, should guerrillas or bushwhackers molest our march, or should the inhabitants burn bridges, obstruct roads, or otherwise manifest local hostility, then army commanders should order and enforce a devastation more or less relentless according to the measure of such hostility."

Moreover, the Lieber Code (General Orders No. 100, April 24, 1863) was the military law applied to the prosecution of war crimes and for equal prisoner-of-war exchanges between the Union Army and the Confederate Army, regardless of the skin color of the soldier.

International law
In the late 19th century and in the early 20th century, the parties to the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 used the Lieber Code (General Orders No. 100, April 24, 1863) as a basis for their legislation of the international law of war and the codification (definition and description) of what is a war crime and of what is a crime against humanity. In the mid 20th century, in the aftermath of the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945), at the war-crime Nuremberg Trials (20 November 1945 – 1 October 1946) and at the Tokyo Trials (29 April 1946 – 12 November 1948) the jurists determined that, by the year 1939, most governments in the world knew of the existence the law of war, agreed in Switzerland, and thus most governments knew the legal responsibilities of the belligerent parties, of neutral countries, and of the refugees from the war.

Philippine–American War
An abridged version of the Lieber Code was published in The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (1899). Lieber's son, Guido Norman Lieber, was the Judge Advocate General of the Army (1895–1901), during the Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) and Philippine–American War (February 4, 1899 – July 2, 1902). The Lieber Code was the military law then applied for courts martial of American military personnel, and for litigation against the Filipino natives and against the Filipino revolutionaries fighting the U.S. occupation of the Philippine Islands; e.g. the unlawful concentration camps of General J. Franklin Bell and war-crime trial of Littleton Waller.

U.S. Law of War Manual
In 2015, the United States Department of Defense published its Law of War Manual. It was updated and revised in July 2023. The Manual explicitly refers to the Lieber Code, and the Lieber Code's influence on the Law of War Manual is apparent throughout.

title: Lieber Code


text:
Category:Game designers

A game designer is a person who designs games. The term normally refers to a person who designs video or computer games, but it can also refer to one who designs traditional games, such as board games.

Individuals should not be listed in this main category, but instead under their specialization in one or more of the subcategories below.

title: Category:Game designers


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/HP 945

Non-notable camera. Rmhermen 13:18, Jul 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * There's not much real info here- a single sentence (or less) on a "list of cameras" might be appropriate, but it doesn't merit an entry of its own unless it became extremely successful, or incorporated some improtant innovative feature. I vote delete. FZ 15:42, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete: Pretty nearly an ad for "this remarkable camera." Geogre 16:01, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. All the HP945 deserves is a cursory mention on Hewlett Packard or digital photography, if even that.  --Ardonik 21:00, Jul 16, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It isn't even a good ad, let alone an article.  It's a mere drop in a sea of digital cameras.  Heck, maybe I'll write about the Samsung I got for my wife last Christmas!  Joy! - Lucky 6.9 00:56, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. WP is not a product catalog. Wile E. Heresiarch 02:12, 17 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/HP 945


text:
User:NickVeys

Hola, Jabberwocky happenstance.

http://www.veys.com

title: User:NickVeys


text:
User talk:Billyk~enwiki

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User talk:Soniclife

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title: User talk:Soniclife


text:
User talk:Lord Bodak

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
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Anonymous Edits?
This is a test. 141.152.190.4 13:53, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

Townhall reported that anonymous edits were no longer permitted, but clearly they are. Lord Bodak 13:56, 19 December 2005 (UTC)

The Count of Monte Cristo
Lord Bodak, while you are at it, editing the Count of Monte Cristo for the history of the text, I would greatly appreciate it if you would add a section on real-world historical background mentions in the book: nobility of count/baron, the Hundred Days, Napoleon, etc. Thank you very much. --Signor Pastrini

 * I'm afraid I don't know much about that sort of thing. But if I come up with anything I'll add it. Lord Bodak 02:04, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Very well, if you create a section, I will try to fatten it up as much as I can. Thanks --Signor Pastrini

You are now a Reviewer
Hello. Your account has been granted the "reviewer" userright, allowing you to review other users' edits on certain flagged pages. Pending changes, also known as flagged protection, is currently undergoing a two-month trial scheduled to end 15 August 2010.

Reviewers can review edits made by users who are not autoconfirmed to articles placed under pending changes. Pending changes is applied to only a small number of articles, similarly to how semi-protection is applied but in a more controlled way for the trial. The list of articles with pending changes awaiting review is located at Special:OldReviewedPages.

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If you do not want this userright, you may ask any administrator to remove it for you at any time. —DoRD (talk) 20:55, 22 July 2010 (UTC)

Your recent edit to Diplomacy (game)
We don't use honorifics in articles, be it "Dr." or "Rev." or just plain "Mr.". Your edit has been reversed. -- Orange Mike  |   Talk  17:37, 12 August 2010 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
Hi, You appear to be eligible to vote in the current Arbitration Committee election. The Arbitration Committee is the panel of editors responsible for conducting the Wikipedia arbitration process. It has the authority to enact binding solutions for disputes between editors, primarily related to serious behavioural issues that the community has been unable to resolve. This includes the ability to impose site bans, topic bans, editing restrictions, and other measures needed to maintain our editing environment. The arbitration policy describes the Committee's roles and responsibilities in greater detail. If you wish to participate, you are welcome to review the candidates' statements and submit your choices on the voting page. For the Election committee, MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 22:17, 30 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lord Bodak


text:
Ben Weasel

Benjamin Foster (born April 8, 1968), also known as Ben Weasel, is an American musician, best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the punk rock band Screeching Weasel.

Early life
Foster was born in 1968, and was raised in Prospect Heights, Illinois. He attended River Trails Middle School in Mount Prospect, Illinois, where he first met future Screeching Weasel co-founder John Pierson. Weasel was expelled from John Hersey High School and St. Viator High School. He was eventually sent to the Élan School in Poland, Maine for his behavior issues.

Screeching Weasel
When Foster returned to Illinois from the Élan School, he got a job at a local movie theater, and formed the band Screeching Weasel with co-worker and former junior high classmate John Pierson, aka Jughead.

Screeching Weasel have released 14 studio albums: Screeching Weasel (1987), Boogadaboogadaboogada! (1988), My Brain Hurts (1991), Ramones (1992), Wiggle (1993), Anthem for a New Tomorrow (1993), How to Make Enemies and Irritate People (1994), Bark Like a Dog (1996), Television City Dream (1998), Emo (1999), Teen Punks In Heat (2000), and First World Manifesto (2011)

On May 26, 2015, Screeching Weasel released a rock opera entitled Baby Fat: Act 1 on Recess Records, followed by Some Freaks of Atavism on March 24, 2020.

The Riverdales and The Vindictives
After an initial break-up in 1989, Screeching Weasel reformed in 1991 and broke up for a second time in 1994. Following the second breakup, Foster formed a new band, the Riverdales, with Screeching Weasel members Dan Vapid, and Dan Panic.

In the early 1990s, Foster founded The Gore Gore Girls (unrelated to the later band of the same name) with SW guitarist Jughead, Glynis Johnson (also of Red Red Meat) and Russ Forester (founder of Underdog Records). The Gore Gore Girls lasted only three shows and made an appearance on a compilation EP, Mouthful of Monkey Bile (1992). He also played 2nd guitar in The Vindictives, to be replaced by Billy Blastoff. Foster appeared on the first 4 EPs released by the band. In 1996, Lookout! Records released a 7-inch EP by The Shotdowns which included Foster, Jughead, and rock critic Jim DeRogatis. Foster was credited as "Pappy Le Pew".

Foster reunited with Screeching Weasel again in 1996. The band lasted until 2001 before breaking up again. On March 27, 2009, Foster announced he was reforming Screeching Weasel. He and Danny Vapid were the only returning members.

Solo albums
In 2002, Foster released his first solo album, Fidatevi. His second album, These Ones Are Bitter, was released in June 2007. A live album (featuring all Screeching Weasel songs, including the majority of the album My Brain Hurts), titled "The Brain That Wouldn't Die", appeared in 2009 and featured Screeching Weasel member Danny Vapid. As well as Jon Phillip.

Panic Button Records
Foster formed Chicago-based record label, Panic Button Records, in 1997 with Pierson. The label was later purchased by Lookout! Records.

Writing
In the early 1990s, Foster published the fanzine Panic Button. He published two chapbooks through Oyster Publications, Brady Bunch Behemoth (1991) and ''Stab! Stab! Stab!'' (1992). Weasel also wrote for other various zines, including Razorcake, Non-Stop Banter, Jersey Beat, Hit List and 10 Things Jesus Wants You To Know. He also had a long-running column in MAXIMUM ROCKNROLL, one of the most prominent punk rock fanzines. He wrote a novel in 2001 called Like Hell and put out a collection of his columns and articles in 2002 entitled Punk is a Four Letter Word. Both books were published by Hope and Nonthings, a small publishing house based in Chicago run by former bandmate John Jughead.

Acting and directing
In 1990 Foster wrote, produced, directed and starred in a low-budget "gay vampire" film entitled Disgusteen.

Foster appeared as himself in the 1994 Bruce LaBruce film Super 8½ in a scene in which he receives fellatio.

Weasel Radio
Foster co-hosted a weekly radio show with Owen Murphy called Weasel Radio which premiered on ESPN 1070. Weasel Radio eventually became a podcast and its last episode was released on May 5, 2016.

Foster appeared on Ken Reid's TV Guidance Counselor Podcast on September 11, 2015.

He was a guest host on Dying Scene Radio episode 017.

SXSW incident
On Friday, March 18, 2011, at Austin, Texas's SXSW Festival, Foster was involved in an altercation with two women during a Screeching Weasel performance. The first woman threw ice cubes at Foster. Upon being hit with more ice Foster found an unruly woman was the source of the ice. Foster originally stated he "can't kick a girl's ass" and offered money for another woman to handle the attacker. As the ice and spitting continued Foster threatened to beat the woman up himself. The woman then threw beer at Foster, who responded by attacking her. A club owner, also female, then came on stage and grabbed Foster from behind. He pushed her and punched her before being pulled to the other side of the stage by a bouncer.

On March 20, Foster posted an apology on his website BenWeasel.com stating "'I want to apologize to both the club owner and audience member involved for my actions during our show at SXSW on Friday night. While their actions were outside of my control, my regretful reaction is wholly my responsibility. Whatever my feelings are about fans crossing the line like that, I wish I could have that moment back and deal with it in the same spirit as I did the preceding 60 minutes. Since I can't, an apology is all I've got and I sincerely hope those people will accept it. Up front, I wish to say that I am sorry to the fan and any others who were involved. As a husband, father, and a musician on the public stage, I understand that it is my duty to always take responsibility for my actions in a socially acceptable way, and most especially in the face of confrontation.'"

Following the incident, several bands who were slated to appear at Weasel Fest in Chicago dropped out, including Chinese Telephones, Chixdiggit, The Soviettes, Teenage Bottlerocket and Kepi Ghoulie. On March 23, 2011, the other four members of Screeching Weasel all resigned from the band citing the SXSW incident as the reason. On March 31 it was announced that the entire Weasel Fest had been cancelled. In August, Weasel issued a full article on Screeching Weasel's website describing his whole point of view on the situation.

Personal life
On November 30, 2010, Foster appeared on Last Call with Carson Daly and revealed that he suffers from anxiety, panic attacks, and bouts of agoraphobia.

Foster lives with his wife and 3 children in Madison, Wisconsin. He used to be a Buddhist but then became Catholic.

With Screeching Weasel

 * Screeching Weasel (1987)
 * Boogadaboogadaboogada! (1988)
 * My Brain Hurts (1991)
 * Ramones (1992)
 * Wiggle (1993)
 * Anthem for a New Tomorrow (1993)
 * How to Make Enemies and Irritate People (1994)
 * Bark Like a Dog (1996)
 * Television City Dream (1998)
 * Emo (1999)
 * Teen Punks in Heat (2000)
 * First World Manifesto (2011)
 * Baby Fat: Act I (2015)
 * Some Freaks of Atavism (2020)
 * The Awful Disclosures of Screeching Weasel (2022)

With Riverdales

 * Riverdales (1995)
 * Storm the Streets (1997)
 * Phase Three (2003)
 * Invasion U.S.A (2009)
 * Tarantula (2010)

Solo

 * Fidatevi (2002)
 * These Ones Are Bitter (2007)
 * The Brain That Wouldn't Die (2009)

title: Ben Weasel


text:
Jantantrik Bahujan Samaj Party

Jantantrik Bahujan Samaj Party (Democratic Majority Society Party), splinter group of Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) formed in 1997 when 19 BSP Members of the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh broke away. JBSP allied themselves with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and joined the National Democratic Alliance. In UP they gave their support to Kalyan Singh's government. 17 out of the JBSP MLAs were inducted as ministers in the state government. The president of JBSP was DP Yadav (Rajya Sabha MP) and the general secretary Shahidullah Khan.

JBSP became an unstable party and suffered various splits. Four MLAs defected to Lok Jan Shakti Party. Another splinter group was Kisan Mazdoor Bahujan Party.

When JBSP fell apart DP Yadav organized a new party, Rashtriya Parivartan Dal.

JBSP should not be confused with another BSP splinter group, Loktantrik Bahujan Samaj Party.

title: Jantantrik Bahujan Samaj Party


text:
Loktantrik Bahujan Samaj Party

Loktantrik Bahujan Samaj Party (Democratic Majority Society Party), splinter group of Bahujan Samaj Party formed in September 2003 when 37 Members of the Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh broke away. The party leader was Haji Yakub. In October the same year LBSP merged with the Samajwadi Party.

The formation of LBSP was a way to avoid sanction under the Anti-Defection Law, and thus LBSP was in many ways a transitional pseudo-party (like Democratic Congress Party, etc.).

title: Loktantrik Bahujan Samaj Party


text:
Volothamp Geddarm

Volothamp "Volo" Geddarm, created by Jeff Grubb, is a fictional character of the Forgotten Realms campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.

Origin
Volo's first appearance was in Forgotten Realms Adventures (1990). Volo was created by Jeff Grubb, a game designer at TSR who collaborated with the Forgotten Realms creator Ed Greenwood.

It is through Volo's perspective that Greenwood authored his detailed Forgotten Realms lore-books of the Volo's Guide series: Volo's Guide to Waterdeep (1993), Volo's Guide to the North (1993), Volo's Guide to the Sword Coast (1994), Volo's Guide to Cormyr (1995), Volo's Guide to the Dalelands (1996), Volo's Guide to All Things Magical (1996), Volo's Guide to Baldur's Gate II (2000) and Volo's Guide to Monsters (2016). Shannon Appelcline, author of Designers & Dragons, commented that "Greenwood enjoyed writing these books in part because he got to use an unreliable narrator" with Greenwood stating "that this allowed him to create details without worrying about contradicting the readers' own campaigns". Appelcline also noted that "the idea of Volo always getting in trouble for what he writes is a long-running joke that carries through all the Guides".

Fictional description
Volo was a too-curious-for-his-own-good travelling scholar and minor wizard. Always on the lookout for an exposé, he all too frequently was at odds with Elminster, who preferred some things to be kept in the dark. In fact, it was his assembling his "first" guide—Volo's Guide to All Things Magical—that put him on the "path" to making his other guides. As for Elminster, it is he who edits every guide that Volo has published, as evident in the many footnotes in each, including Volo's Guide to All Things Magical, which almost got Volo killed making it.

"Volo" is not to be confused with "Marcus Volo", real name Marcus Wands, of the Wands family of Waterdeep. A trouble-making bard, Wands gained Volothamp's moniker after he stole an artifact from a powerful wizard, and laid the blame on the far more infamous scapegoat of the real Volo. Pursued by the mad mage and his forces, and protected by adventurers hired by his father, Marco came into his own at the finale, when the artifact was revealed as containing a god from another world, who had come to Toril along with Marco's family. The Sunstaffs, as they were known then, had through the generations been destined to keep the god imprisoned, and Marco awakened to his destiny with the help of the adventurers, Volothamp himself, and the gods Tyr, Sune, and Corellon Larethian.

He has also had several adventures of his own, as told in Once Around the Realms and The Mage in the Iron Mask.

Reception
Chroniclers of D&D Michael Witwer and Kyle Newman considered "the great Volo Geddarm" as "one of D&D's most famous" and "most beloved" characters. Trenton Webb, writing for the British magazine Arcane, thought of Volo as "a sort of magically empowered Magenta DeVine".

Paul Pettengale, also writing for Arcane, described him as "a famous AD&D adventurer who, in an effort to help adventurers in Faerûn, has written a number of guides to regions within the Realms. He's one of those characters that everyone's heard about, and one that just about every Dungeon Master must have been tempted to introduce to their campaign at some point or another." Claudio Chianese from Giochi Per Il Mio Computer magazine described the character as "the most multifaceted and entertaining figure of the Forgotten Realms. Explorer of lost lands, writer [...], womanizer and unrepentant trouble seeker". The reviewer saw his function for the role-playing game in contrasting his less-than-reliable view "with that of the serious wizard Elminster" and to "add a touch of comedy".

Cameron Kunzelman of Paste described Volo as a "drunk" Ken Jennings who "really cared about being able to name all the animals of the zoo, and was the sole grantor of Michelin stars across the world". Kunzelman highlighted the mechanical use of Volo as an unreliable narrator – "as a character, Volo is brilliant because he is a device through which the designers of the Forgotten Realms can give Dungeon Masters a set of bounds.[...] That 'thinks he knows' is crucial, because having Volo write the guide means that he can be wrong. From a design perspective, Volo is a way of giving DMs a toolbox that they don't have to be completely adherent to. Whatever Volo thinks or writes can be slightly off the mark. Maybe he only saw a tavern during the daytime. Maybe he cut some corners. Nesting world design within the subjective opinions of an expansive, world-trotting character with a penchant for embellishment solves a lot of problems and generally makes the job of being a DM a little more fun".

Appearances in other media
Volo makes minor appearances in the computer games Baldur's Gate and Baldur's Gate II: Throne of Bhaal, where he appears in taverns near the beginning of each game. In Baldur's Gate II: Throne of Bhaal he informs the player that he is writing a novel chronicling the events of the games and will give the player previews of how he intends to describe your companions in the game. The printed manual for Baldur's Gate and Baldur's Gate II itself also contains annotations supposedly written by Volo (and also by Elminster). Volo also appears in Baldur's Gate 3.

He is also a major character in Neverwinter Nights 2: Storm of Zehir where he acts as narrator and features prominently in the plot itself. He is responsible for inviting the player's party aboard the ship that you begin the game aboard. The opening and closing sequences are presented in such a way as to imply that the game is one of his books.

Volo was featured as a Magic: The Gathering card among other "Iconic D&D creatures, villains, heroes, and more [which] grace the Adventures in the Forgotten Realms set".

title: Volothamp Geddarm


text:
FSC

FSC may refer to:

Education

 * Farmingdale State College, a college in New York, United States
 * Fitchburg State College, now Fitchburg State University, in Massachusetts, United States
 * Florida Southern College, in Lakeland, Florida, United States
 * Florida State College at Jacksonville, a college in Florida, United States
 * Florida Sun Conference, an American college athletic conference
 * Forest School Camps, a British camping organisation
 * Framingham State College, a college in Massachusetts, United States
 * Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools (Latin: Fratres Scholarum Christianorum), a Roman Catholic religious teaching order

Finance

 * Financial Services Commission (disambiguation)
 * Financial Supervision Commission, Isle of Man
 * Financial Supervisory Commission (Taiwan)
 * Foreign Sales Corporation, a repealed tax device of the United States Internal Revenue Code

Governmental and politics

 * Catalan Federation of the PSOE, a defunct political party in Catalonia, Spain
 * Federal Salary Council, an advisory body of the United States federal government
 * Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan
 * Fire Safety Commission
 * Texas Forensic Science Commission, a state agency of Texas, United States

Industry

 * Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych, a Polish automotive company
 * Fiji Sugar Corporation, a Fiji government-owned sugar milling company
 * Fujitsu Siemens Computers, a Japanese and German IT supply chain
 * Future Supply Chains, an Indian logistics and supply chain company

Other organisations

 * Les Scouts - Fédération des Scouts Baden-Powell de Belgique (FSC, Catholic Baden-Powell-Scout Federation of Belgium)
 * Field Studies Council, a British environmental education charity
 * Filipino Society of Cinematographers
 * First Satanic Church, an organization dedicated to Satanism and the occult
 * Forest Stewardship Council, an international environmental organization
 * Free Speech Coalition, a trade association for the adult film and pornography industry
 * Fountain Street Church, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States
 * Forest Stewardship Council, for protection of trees from cutting and increasing its number by growing more.

Other uses

 * Figari Sud-Corse Airport, in Corsica, France
 * Fine-structure constant
 * Fire safe cigarette
 * Firearm Safety Certificate
 * Foo Swee Chin (born 1977), Singaporean comic book artist
 * Food supply chain
 * Football South Coast, in New South Wales, Australia
 * Fourier shell correlation
 * Funvic Soul Cycles–Carrefour, a Brazilian cycling team
 * Future Surface Combatant of the Royal Navy
 * forward-scattered light, a parameter of Flow cytometry

title: FSC


text:
Kisan Mazdoor Bahujan Party

Kisan Mazdoor Bahujan Party (Peasants and Workers Majority Party) was a splinter group of the Jantantrik Bahujan Samaj Party in India. The leader of KMBP was Chaudhary Narendra Singh from Kanpur In the state elections in Uttar Pradesh in 2002, KMBP was an ally of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and launched two BJP-supported candidates. KMBP was part of the state government in Uttar Pradesh around 2002. KMBP joined the Indian National Congress ahead of the Lok Sabha elections 2004.

title: Kisan Mazdoor Bahujan Party


text:
Talk:Jimmy Barnes

[unrelated comments]
I won't edit, but there seems to be a lot of bias in the 'second rate singer' part. Just leave it off. Please. Tolo — Preceding undated comment added 12:35, 16 July 2004 (UTC)

There's a bit of bias in the "a voice of enviable range and character" part, too - it's just more positive bias :-) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.167.56.118 (talk) 08:17, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

I think someone should introduce a link to Tin Lids - they are his kids, after all... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 60.240.72.237 (talk) 00:59, 18 November 2006 (UTC)

Jackie Barnes
Jackie Barnes is up for deletion, if anyone thinks there's anything worth merging into the article on his father, please do. - Mgm|(talk) 11:24, 1 March 2007 (UTC) Any admin can restore the history and redirect here for you. - Mgm|(talk) 11:24, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I was thinking of adding a section to this entry on Barnes' family, including something about his wife, who's a pretty interesting person herself, but I haven't had the time to research it enough to work it in here. Jackie's resume is rather impressive though, but I'm not sure where and what to merge here. BrianFG 06:16, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

Quality
On the quality scale page, this article is shown as a classic start class article. Surely it is at least B-class? This is a very comprehensive article.
 * It's been a start class for a while, before I started expanding and updating it about a year or so ago. I agree it should be reassessed, but I won't nominate due to the amount of work I've done on it. Maybe someone else can? BrianFG 23:54, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

2000s
This section is becoming huge and unwieldly. Every time he does something, regardless of how minor, it's being added to this article. Is it really necessary to list every single thing he does? I am going to attempt a cull.

National Aboriginal Islander Day of Celebration(NAIDOC WEEK) PERTH.
Hey there Jimmi,Hi my name is Josh McGuire,and Iam a committee member for the Perth NAIDOC committee,I would love to know if you'll do our NAIDOC BALL night this year.I know that Iam a nobody compaired to everyone else you probaby get whom contact's you but every year we have good indigenous Artists play for us and this year is my first year i have the opportunity and privilige to be on the committee,so I thoght why can't we try and get the best YOU!CAN YOU LET ME KNOW IF YOU ARE ABLE TO HELP US CELEBRATE OUR BALL THIS YEAR PLEASE JIMMI.MY CONTACT DETAILS ARE AS FOLLOWS.

EMAIL;tmcguire08@bigpond.com MOBILE;0425066634. CHEERS JOSHIE MCGUIRE. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 124.178.32.228 (talk) 12:51, 16 March 2010 (UTC)

Surgery notability
News ltd reported that Jimmy Barnes collapsed during a concert and is have an artery valve replaced during the coming weeks. I don't tend to edit or contribute to biographies so I don't know if these sort of things are considered notable would would be included. Source to the Article YuMaNuMa (talk) 12:12, 26 July 2011 (UTC)

I think it would be, especially if it occurred during a concert. Lots of articles have stuff like this on them. Moline1 (talk) 17:59, 15 February 2021 (UTC)

External links modified
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20141027021023/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/news/48007/chartifacts---tuesday-9th-september-2014 to http://www.ariacharts.com.au/news/48007/chartifacts---tuesday-9th-september-2014
 * Added tag to http://www.ariaawards.com.au/history-by-artist.php?letter=I&artist=INXS
 * Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.ariaawards.com.au/history-by-award.php?awardID=36

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External links modified
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Can we update Jimmy’s pic with a good one??
Can we updates jimmy's pic with a good one? 122.106.24.39 (talk) 05:34, 20 March 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Jimmy Barnes


text: Category:Italian bomber aircraft

title: Category:Italian bomber aircraft


text:
Antônio Pizzonia

Antônio Reginaldo Pizzonia Júnior (born 11 September 1980) is a Brazilian professional racing driver who has raced in Formula One and the Champ Car World Series. Born in Manaus, he started his car racing career in the Formula Vauxhall Junior series in 1997 and then progressed through various junior formulae, winning the Formula Vauxhall Junior Winter Festival in 1997, the Formula Vauxhall Junior and Formula Renault Winter Festival in 1998, the Formula Renault 2.0 UK in 1999, and the British Formula 3 Championship in 2000.

For 2001 and 2002, he entered the Formula 3000, with his best championship finish being sixth in 2001. In 2003, he was signed by the Jaguar Formula One team, but following poor results, was released during the season. In 2004, he replaced the injured Ralf Schumacher at Williams in several events, securing his first Formula One points in the process.

In 2005, he replaced Nick Heidfeld at Williams, but was released from his contract at the end of the season. Since then, he has competed in multiple series, such as the Champ Car World Series, the Superleague Formula, Stock Car Brasil, and the FIA GT1 World Championship.

Pre-Formula One
From 1991 to 1996 he competed in various karting series. In 1997 he moved to Britain and competed in Formula Vauxhall Junior; Pizzonia placed second, and won the Winter Festival. In 1998, in addition to taking the Championship in Formula Vauxhall Junior, he won the Formula Renault Winter Festival.

His 1999 season was even more successful, winning the Formula Renault 2.0 UK series and finishing second in the Formula Renault 2.0 Eurocup. In 2000, Pizzonia took five wins on his way to winning the British Formula 3 Championship. For 2001, Pizzonia switched to the Formula 3000 series, winning one race and finishing sixth in the championship.

Formula One
In 2002, Pizzonia was hired as test driver for Williams, but also continued in F3000, placing 8th. After impressive testing performances, he was signed by the Jaguar team to partner Mark Webber for 2003, replacing the axed Pedro de la Rosa . However, following a string of poor results, he was dropped late in the season and replaced by Minardi's Justin Wilson. In 2004 he returned to Williams as test driver. Before the German Grand Prix, it was announced that Pizzonia would take over from Marc Gené, who had been filling in for the injured Ralf Schumacher. At the German Grand Prix, he finished 7th to take his first 2 career points; he repeated the feat at the Hungarian Grand Prix.

In Belgium, he briefly led an F1 race for the first time, but failed to finish the race due to a gearbox problem, whilst running in 3rd place. He claimed a further 2 points in Italy (during which he achieved the fastest ever recorded top speed in a F1 race at the time, 369.9 km/h, until Juan Pablo Montoya eclipsed this record the following year), but with the announcement of Ralf Schumacher's return for the Chinese Grand Prix, Pizzonia's racing was over for the year.

Prior to the 2005 season, Pizzonia was in a virtual shoot-out with German Nick Heidfeld for the second race seat at Williams alongside Webber. Despite Pizzonia's experience with the team and financial support from Petrobras, Heidfeld was given the seat.

Pizzonia was still employed at Williams as a test driver, and when Heidfeld complained of headaches after being concussed in a crash during the Friday Practice Session at Monza, Pizzonia gained the chance to race. Having not entered an F1 race since the 2004 Italian Grand Prix, the Brazilian qualified 16th, coming through the field to emulate his 2004 race result — picking up 7th place and 2 points. He then raced in the Belgian Grand Prix. where he incurred a fine for taking out 2nd placed Juan Pablo Montoya just a few laps from the end. Pizzonia also took the drive in the Brazilian Grand Prix, but his race was over before the first corner after taking out his own teammate Mark Webber resulting from a collision with David Coulthard.

Despite some speculation that GP2 champion Nico Rosberg would be given an opportunity in the last two races of the season, Pizzonia completed the season for Williams. He retired from the Japanese Grand Prix early after spinning off, and retired from (but was classified as a finisher in) the Chinese Grand Prix after a puncture. Having been replaced by Nico Rosberg for 2006, Pizzonia's Formula One career was over.

Post-Formula One
In 2006, he drove for Paul Gentilozzi's Rocketsports team in the Champ Car World Series' Long Beach Grand Prix and returned to the team towards the end of the season for races where Tõnis Kasemets did not have sponsorship to race.

In 2007, Pizzonia was racing for Fisichella Motor Sport in the GP2 series. In May, he was dropped in favour of Adam Carroll after only scoring 1 point in 5 races. After that, he returned to Brazil and entered into competition in Stock Car Brasil, a Brazilian national championship, from July. He has competed in the series every year since then, and has also raced in Superleague Formula (SC Corinthians) and the FIA GT1 World Championship.

In 2012, Pizzonia made a one-off guest appearance in the Auto GP World Series when the championship visited the Brazilian Curitiba circuit. Driving for the Ombra Racing team, he won both races, immediately slotting himself into ninth position in the championship.

In 2014 and 2015, Pizzonia competed in the Auto GP series, with Zele Racing.

Pizzonia returned to open-wheel racing in 2023, in the BOSS GP series, with HS Engineering in a Gibson-engined Dallara T12, winning both races overall at the season-opener at Paul Ricard. He has subsequently won every race in his class. He won the Open class title at TT Circuit Assen.

Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula One results
(key)

$†$ Driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.

American open wheel Racing
(key)

IndyCar
¹ Run on same day

² Non-points-paying, exhibition race

Complete GP2 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

2008–2009
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

2009 Super Final Results

 * Super Final results in 2009 did not count for points towards the main championship.

2011
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Stock Car Brasil
† Ineligible for championship points.

Complete Auto GP results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) ‡ Position when season was cancelled.

Complete BOSS GP Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate points for the fastest lap of top ten finishers)

title: Antônio Pizzonia


text:
User:Srainwater

My Wikipedia Edits

title: User:Srainwater


text:
Shewhart Medal

The Shewhart Medal, named in honour of Walter A. Shewhart, is awarded annually by the American Society for Quality for ...outstanding technical leadership in the field of modern quality control, especially through the development to its theory, principles, and techniques. The first medal was awarded in 1948.

title: Shewhart Medal


text:
Plum Island

Plum Island may refer to:

Places

 * Plum Island (Massachusetts), an island in Essex County, Massachusetts
 * Plum Island Airport, in Newburyport, Massachusetts
 * Plum Island (New York), an island near Long Island, New York
 * Plum Island Animal Disease Center, a United States federal research facility dedicated to the study of animal diseases that is located on Plum Island, New York
 * Plum Island Light also known as Plum Gut Light, a lighthouse located on Plum Island, New York
 * Plum Island (Wisconsin), an island in Washington Township, Door County, Wisconsin
 * Plum Island Range Lights, a pair of range lights located on Plum Island in Door County, Wisconsin
 * Plum Island Bald Eagle Refuge, a 52-acre island in the Illinois River
 * Plum Island Site, Native American archaeological site in Illinois

Art, entertainment, and media

 * Plum Island (novel), a 1997 novel by Long Island author Nelson DeMille
 * Plum Island (Survival of the Dead), fictional island
 * "Plum Island," a song by the band Waterparks from the album Double Dare

title: Plum Island


text:
Talk:Touch of My Hand (Spears)

''This page was placed on Votes for Deletion in July 2004. Consensus was to keep as redirect; view discussion at /Delete.''

title: Talk:Touch of My Hand (Spears)


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Corps de ballet

In ballet, the corps de ballet (French for "body of the little dance") is the group of dancers who are not principal dancers or soloists. They are a permanent part of the ballet company and often work as a backdrop for the principal dancers.

A corps de ballet works as one, with synchronized movements and corresponding positioning on the stage. Well-known uses of the corps de ballet include the titular swans of Swan Lake and The Nutcracker's snow scene and the Waltz of the Flowers sequence.

Function
The corps de ballet sets the mood, scene, and nuance of the ballet, builds connection and camaraderie among the members of a ballet company, and creates large stage pictures through ensemble movement an choreography.

"The corps de ballet is to a dance troupe as the spine is to the body: It provides framework, support, context, and aesthetic form. - Dance Magazine"

Beyond the physical world-building provided by the corps de ballet, it also serves as a vital stepping stone for younger, incoming dancers, where they learn about company life and the structure of classical ballets before possibly being promoted to perform as a soloist or principal.

History
Some scholars argue the nineteenth-century corps de ballet finds its roots in French revolutionary choral festivities, themselves rooted in festivals from antiquity.

"Le petit rats"
Dancers who filled out the Paris Opéra's corps de ballet often included pupils, some as young as 14, affectionately known as les rats or les petit rats. Many etymological explanations exist for the term; among them Emile Littré's suggestion that the term "demoiselles d'opéra" (young lady of the opera) had been shortened simply to "ra", or the belief that the sound the corps de ballet's pointe shoes made on the wooden floors of the rehearsal rooms may be likened to the skittering of rats.

In 1866, Théophile Gautier (author of Giselle), published an essay entitled Le Rat, a fond and humorous description of the habits of these young dancers. "The rat, despite its masculine name ['rat' is a masculine noun in French], is an eminently feminine creature. You will only find them at the Rue le Peletier, at the Royal Academy of Music, or in the Rue Richer, at dance classes; they only exist there; you would search in vain anywhere else in the world. Paris possesses three things that all other capitals envy: the urchin, the grisette and the rat. The rat is a theatre urchin who has all the faults of the street urchin, fewer good qualities, and like the latter is a product of the July Revolution.

Rat is what we, at the Paris Opera, call the young girls who are training to become dancers, and who appear in the crowd scenes, the backgrounds, the flights, the set pieces and other situations where their size can be excused by a limited view. The age of the rat varies from eight to fourteen or fifteen; a sixteen year-old rat is a very old rat, a horned rat, a white rat; this is as old as they ever get; at this age their studies are more or less finished, they have had a debut, danced a solo, their name has appeared in capitals on a poster; they have graduated as a 'tiger' and now become first, second, or third class ballerinas or member of the chorus, according to their merits or their patrons."

The role of the corps during the late 1800s at the Paris Opéra Ballet could also include an underside. The foyer de la danse where dancers warmed up before performances also functioned as a kind of men's club, where wealthy male opera subscribers (abonnés) could conduct business, socialize, and proposition the ballerinas. Because many "petit rats" came from working-class backgrounds, and due to the power structures in place, they would have had financial and career incentive to submit to the affections and propositions of these subscribers. However, little surviving contemporary writing on the subject chronicles the experiences or perspectives of le petit rats themselves, often erring instead on the side of gossip.

20th century and beyond
Ballets like Flames of Paris, which featured an enormous corps of 24-32 dancers, pioneered an active use of the corps de ballet in storytelling.

Throughout the 21st century, the demands on corps dancers have changed, calling for them to be "more versatile and virtuosic as individuals" and causing them to "face more emotional and physical challenges than ever, amplified by heavy work schedules". They are typically among the lowest-paid members of the company, and often not guaranteed year-round employment. Despite the challenges, many corps dancers feel pride and connection with their positions in the corps: as Karin Ellis-Wentz, a now-retired dancer and faculty member at the Joffrey Ballet put it, "people need to know that you can have a fabulous career and stay in the corps."

In media

Impressionist painter Edgar Degas often featured the dancers of the Paris Opera Ballet in his works, among them some of his most well-known. In total, approximately 1,500 of his paintings, monotypes, and drawings are dedicated to the ballet, as well as some sculpture.

title: Corps de ballet


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Weltpolitik

Weltpolitik (, "world politics") was the imperialist foreign policy adopted by the German Empire during the reign of Emperor Wilhelm II. The aim of the policy was to transform Germany into a global power. Though considered a logical consequence of the German unification by a broad spectrum of Wilhelmine society, it marked a decisive break with the defensive Realpolitik of the Bismarckian era.

The origins of the policy can be traced to a Reichstag debate on 6 December 1897 during which German Foreign Secretary Bernhard von Bülow stated, "in one word: We wish to throw no one into the shade, but we also demand our own place in the sun." (Mit einem Worte: wir wollen niemand in den Schatten stellen, aber wir verlangen auch unseren Platz an der Sonne).

Nancy Mitchell says that the creation of Weltpolitik was a change in the appliance of German foreign policy. Up until Wilhelm's dismissal of Otto von Bismarck, Germany had concentrated its efforts on stopping the possibility of a two-front war in Europe. Prior to Weltpolitik, there was a greater focus on using its army and subtle diplomacy to maintain its status. In particular, Bismarck had initially been wary of acquiring overseas colonies and wished to reserve the role of Germany as an "honest broker" in continental affairs, though the 1878 Congress of Berlin had revealed the limits of his mediation.

However, despite Bismarck's initial scepticism, the foundations of the German colonial empire were already laid during his tenure from 1884 onwards, when the government began to place the privately acquired properties of colonisers like Adolf Lüderitz, Adolph Woermann, Carl Peters, and Clemens Denhardt under the protection of the German Empire, necessitating costly action such as in the 1888 Abushiri revolt. According to German historian Hans-Ulrich Wehler, German colonial policy in the 1880s was an example of a "pragmatic" social imperialism, a device that allowed the government to distract public attention from domestic problems and preserve the existing social and political order.

Under Weltpolitik, despite a two-front war still being at the forefront of Germany's concerns as proven through the Schlieffen Plan, Wilhelm II was far more ambitious. Colonial policies officially became a matter of national prestige, promoted by pressure groups like the Pan-German League; in the ongoing Scramble for Africa, Germany was a latecomer and had to stand firm to catch up. However, only relatively small acquisitions were made, such as Kiautschou Bay and Neukamerun, whereas Wilhelm's support for a policy of colonisation was shown in his Kruger telegram in 1896 and response to the Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903. Colonial ambitions were further reflected in the Herero and Nama genocide from 1904 onwards and the suppression of the Maji Maji Rebellion from 1907, as well as in the First and Second Moroccan Crisis of 1905 and 1911.

The Anglo-German naval arms race was likely lost when Germany failed to keep up with the British after the advent of dreadnought battleships from 1906 onwards; with the Anglo-Russian Convention and the Triple Entente of 1907, Weltpolitik showed itself unable to forestall the threat of a two-front war. The policy's ultimate failure would be sealed in the First World War.

title: Weltpolitik


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Culzean Castle

Culzean Castle (, see yogh; Culzean, Culȝean, Colean ) is a castle overlooking the Firth of Clyde, near Maybole, Carrick, in South Ayrshire, on the west coast of Scotland. It is the former home of the Marquess of Ailsa, the chief of Clan Kennedy, but is now owned by the National Trust for Scotland. The clifftop castle lies within the Culzean Castle Country Park and is opened to the public. From 1972 until 2015, an illustration of the castle was featured on the reverse side of five pound notes issued by the Royal Bank of Scotland.

As of 2021, the castle was available for rent.

History
Culzean Castle was constructed as an L-plan castle by order of the 10th Earl of Cassilis. He instructed the architect Robert Adam to rebuild a previous, but more basic, structure into a fine country house to be the seat of his earldom. The castle was built in stages between 1777 and 1792. It incorporates a large drum tower with a circular saloon inside (which overlooks the sea), a grand oval staircase and a suite of well-appointed apartments.

The castle was the venue, on 14 November 1817, when the 1st Marquess of Ailsa's daughter, Margaret Radclyffe Livingstone Eyre, married Thomas, Viscount Kynnaird. Margaret would become a noted philanthropist.

In 1945, the Kennedy family gave the castle and its grounds to the National Trust for Scotland (thus avoiding inheritance tax). In doing so, they stipulated that the apartment at the top of the castle be given to General of the Army Dwight D. Eisenhower in recognition of his role as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe during the Second World War. The General first visited Culzean Castle in 1946 and stayed there four times, including once while President of the United States.

The Ayrshire (Earl of Carrick's Own) Yeomanry, a British Yeomanry cavalry regiment, was formed by the Earl of Cassillis at Culzean Castle in about 1794. On 24 June 1961, the regiment returned to the castle to be presented with its first guidon by General Sir Horatius Murray, KBE, CB, DSO.

The castle re-opened in April 2011 after a refurbishment funded by a gift in the will of American millionaire William Lindsay to the National Trust for Scotland. Lindsay, who had never visited Scotland, requested that a significant portion of his $4 million go towards Culzean. Lindsay was reportedly interested in Eisenhower's holidays at the castle.

Culzean Castle received 333,965 visitors in 2019.

Features
The armoury contains a propeller from a plane flown by Leefe Robinson when he shot down a German airship north of London in 1916.

To the north of the castle is a bay containing the Gas House, which provided town gas for the castle up until 1940. This group of buildings consists of the gas manager's house (now containing an exhibition on William Murdoch), the Retort House and the remains of the gasometer.

There are sea caves beneath the castle which are currently not open generally, but are open for tours throughout the summer.

The castle grounds include a walled garden, which is built on the site of the home of a former slave owned by the Kennedy family, Scipio Kennedy.

Ghosts
The castle is reputed to be home to at least seven ghosts, including a piper and a servant girl.

Film and television appearances

 * Culzean Castle is used as the castle of Lord Summerisle (played by Christopher Lee) in the 1973 cult film The Wicker Man. The scenes here were filmed between October and November 1972.
 * Culzean Castle featured in the 1997 PBS documentary series Castles of Scotland.
 * Culzean Castle and Country Park featured in the 2001 Bollywood film Pyaar Ishq Aur Mohabbat.
 * The Most Haunted team led by Yvette Fielding, Karl Beattie and medium Derek Acorah explored Culzean Castle's paranormal stories and reported sightings of ghosts for an episode of the first series, broadcast on Living TV in 2002.
 * The BBC TV Coast programme visited in series 2 episode 3 first shown in November 2009.
 * Culzean Castle appeared on the programme The Little Couple from TLC, where the family visited the castle on the Series 9 pilot episode in 2016.
 * It was the location for two episodes of BBC One’s Antiques Roadshow filmed in 2020 and transmitted in February and April 2021.

title: Culzean Castle


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Talk:Crystal (mathematics)

crystalline cohomology
I don't know this definition. I am vaguely conversant with another meaning, that talked about in relation to crystalline cohomology. Charles Matthews 13:45, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

External links modified
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Entire article is worthless
Because the article makes no attempt to describe its subject to someone who doesn't already know all about it, this article would be greatly improved if it were replaced by a blank page. 2601:200:C000:1A0:9DFB:E58:1FA1:275 (talk) 00:12, 1 May 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Crystal (mathematics)


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Open Programming Language

Open Programming Language (OPL) is a programming language for embedded systems and mobile devices that run the operating systems EPOC and Symbian. It was released by the British company Psion in 1984.

Use
Originally designed for use on their classic Psion PDAs such as the Series 3, 5/5mx, Series 7, and netBook–netPad, and the Psion produced MC218, OPL was provided as part of the standard application suite. It can also be installed on the Nokia 9200, 9300 and 9500 Communicator series mobile telephone and personal digital assistant (PDA) and the Sony Ericsson P800, P900, P910 series. OPL is also included in Psion Teklogix industrial handhelds such as the Workabout mx, and it also appeared in the lesser known Oregon 'Osaris' organiser, a broadly compatible EPOC32 device that uniquely used version 4 of the OS. OPL is an interpreted language similar to BASIC. A fully Visual Basic-compatible language OVAL has also been developed.

History
The language was originally named Organiser Programming Language, developed by Psion Ltd for the Psion Organiser. Designed by Colly Myers with the first iteration implemented by Richard Harrison and Martin Stamp. The first implementation (without graphics) was for the original Psion Organiser (now referred to as the Psion Organiser I, 1984), and it came bundled with the Science, Finance and Math data packs. It became truly accessible as built-in software in the Psion Organiser II (1986), and the language went on to be used in the Psion Series 3 and later. After Psion retired from the personal digital assistant market, a project aiming to bring OPL to Symbian came to fruition, when the fledgling Symbian Developer Program released it as open-source software. The language is now available on SourceForge in a project named opl-dev.

The language is currently unavailable for Symbian OS v8 and later. With the subsequent retirement of the Symbian OS, it seems unlikely OPL will be made available for later generations of Symbian devices. As of 2010, Nokia device developers were encouraged to use Python for S60 instead (See Python for S60).

Examples
Here is the console version of a "Hello, World!" program:

PROC main: PRINT "Hello World!" PAUSE 40 ENDP

(Source code taken from the PCDevPrimer in the OPL Wiki.)

And here is a GUI version for Nokia's Series 80 user interface:

CONST KKeyEnter%=13 PROC hello: dINIT "Hello" dTEXT "","Hello World!" dBUTTONS "OK",KKeyEnter% DIALOG ENDP

OPL is a structured programming language. OPL programs contain PROCedures, which are much like functions (subroutines) in other programming languages.
 * The dINIT keyword in this example initializes a dialog box (intuitively enough, all dialog-box related functions begin with a letter 'd'; for clarity, this letter is in lower case, but the language is case independent). The first argument of the dialog is an optional string, which is used for the title of the dialog, displayed in the title bar.
 * The dTEXT function displays text, with two compulsory arguments: a left-aligned 'prompt' string, and a main string.
 * The dBUTTONS keyword allows you to put buttons on the dialog box - here there is a button with the text "OK". The second argument to each button is both the special notation of the shortcut key for that button and the dialog's return code, in this case the "Enter" key.
 * Finally, the DIALOG keyword is required for the previously initialized dialog box to be shown on the screen.

Testing dialog responses
An example: In this cruel interrogative program, the Yes button is assigned the shortcut of Ctrl+y, while No has Ctrl+n, represented by %y and %n respectively. The user's input from the DIALOG is tested in the IF statement, PRINTing appropriate responses to the screen. Note that the 'GET' keyword, which gets user input without using a dialog box, is here used simply to wait for a keypress before terminating the program (otherwise it would end immediately without giving time for the user to read the text). The output from DIALOG can also be stored in a variable.

Variables specific to a procedure must be declared with the LOCAL keyword; global variables are defined with the GLOBAL keyword.

Variable types
The table below uses an example variable named.

Minutiae
OPL interfaced with advanced Psion Series 3 features by means of operating system CALLs, but in the later Psion Series 5mx this was changed to a so-called  library, stored in the system read-only memory (ROM), termed the Z drive. 'OPX' libraries were also made available for the Nokia 9210, Nokia 9300 and Nokia 9500 Communicators, adding OPXs routines for handling Short Message Service (SMS) and managing Bluetooth communication.

Other OPL features include those starting with a letter:  for graphical functions,   for menus, and   for dialogs.

title: Open Programming Language


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Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Air and Space Forces)

The Distinguished Service Medal (DSM) is a military decoration of the United States Air Force and United States Space Force and is presented to airmen and guardians to recognize distinguished and exceptionally meritorious service to the United States while serving in a duty or position of great responsibility. The Distinguished Service Medal was created by an act of the United States Congress on July 6, 1960 and was first awarded in 1965. Prior to the creation of the Distinguished Service Medal in 1960, United States Air Force airmen were awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal.

The Distinguished Service Medal is equivalent to the Army's Distinguished Service Medal, Naval Service's Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal.

The interpretation of the phrase "great responsibility" means that this medal is generally awarded only to officers who hold at least the rank of major general. However, as is customary for most military decorations, the requirements for the Distinguished Service Medal are interpreted more liberally when awarded upon retirement. As a result, it is the typical decoration for a retiring brigadier general, and in recent years it has also been awarded to the Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force upon retirement. Cases of the award of this decoration to an individual who was not a general officer, or the Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force, are unusual. Two notable exceptions are astronauts Colonel Buzz Aldrin and Colonel David Scott (who flew on Gemini 8, Apollo 9, and Apollo 15) who was awarded the medal twice.

Recipients during the medal's first 6 years included General Emmett E. "Rosie" O'Donnell Jr. (a United States Air Force four-star general who served as Commander in Chief, Pacific Air Forces from 1959 to 1963). O'Donnell also led the first B-29 Superfortress attack upon Tokyo during World War II after the 1942 Doolittle Raid. Another early recipient of the Distinguished Service Medal was Major General Osmond J. Ritland, USAF, who received his medal on November 30, 1965, upon his retirement.

Additional awards are denoted with oak leaf clusters.

This award is comparable to the Department of the Air Force Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service given to civilian employees of the Department of the Air Force.

Notable recipients

 * General of the Army and General of the Air Force Henry H. Arnold
 * General Creighton Abrams – US Army Chief of Staff
 * General Philip M. Breedlove – NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe
 * General Benjamin O. Davis Jr. – First African-American general officer in the United States Air Force
 * General Ira C. Eaker – Eighth Air Force Commander
 * General John W. Foss – Commander US Army Training and Doctrine Command
 * General Andrew Goodpaster – NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe
 * General Lyman Lemnitzer – NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe
 * General David C. Jones – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
 * General Richard Myers – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
 * General Peter Pace – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
 * General Colin Powell – Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
 * General Joseph Ralston – NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe
 * General Bernard W. Rogers – NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe
 * General H. Norman Schwarzkopf – Commander US Central Command
 * General Eric Shinseki – US Army Chief of Staff
 * Admiral Jonathan Greenert – Chief of Naval Operations
 * Admiral Carlisle Trost – Chief of Naval Operations
 * Lieutenant General Brent Scowcroft – National Security Advisor
 * Major General William Anders – Lunar Module Pilot for Apollo 8 and Chairman/CEO of General Dynamics

 * Major General Michael Collins – Command Module Pilot for Apollo 11 and Director of the National Air and Space Museum
 * Major General Susan Pamerleau (USAF) (Ret.) – United States Marshal for the Western District of Texas
 * Brigadier General Jimmy Stewart – Actor and Air Force Reserve officer
 * Brigadier General Bud Day – Medal of Honor – Air Force Cross – Silver Star
 * Brigadier General Chuck Yeager – Legendary test pilot
 * Colonel Buzz Aldrin – Second man on the Moon
 * Colonel Frank Borman – Astronaut and Chairman of Eastern Airlines
 * Colonel David Scott – Seventh man on the Moon
 * Colonel John A. Warden III – Architect of First Gulf War air campaign


text: User talk:130.83.244.131

title: User talk:130.83.244.131


text:
User talk:213.175.233.9

Speedy deletion nomination of ANTRAK

A tag has been placed on ANTRAK requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a club, society, or group, but it does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the. —jameslucas ▄▄▄ ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄  12:47, 29 July 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:213.175.233.9


text:
Dhiravida Thelugar Munnetra Kazhagam

Dhiravida Telungar Munnetra Kazhagam (DTMK) (Dravidian Telugu Progressive Federation) is a political party in Tamil Nadu, India. The party general secretary is Dr. C.M.K. Reddy and the party president and founder is G. Kamatchi Naidu.

DTMK works for the interests of the Telugu-speaking minority in the state. The party demanded reservations for Telugu speakers in the state administration and possibilities for Telugu medium schooling.

title: Dhiravida Thelugar Munnetra Kazhagam


text:
User:MykReeve/Temp

10/1/04 - Do action one 12/1/04 - Do action two

title: User:MykReeve/Temp


text:
Talk:Fine artist

''This page was placed on Votes for Deletion in July 2004. Consensus was to keep as redirect; view discussion at /Delete.''

title: Talk:Fine artist