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Praziquantel

Praziquantel (PZQ), sold under the brandname Biltricide among others, is a medication used to treat a number of types of parasitic worm infections in mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish. In humans specifically, it is used to treat schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, tapeworm infections, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, paragonimiasis, fasciolopsiasis, and fasciolosis. It should not be used for worm infections of the eye. It is taken by mouth.

Side effects in humans may include poor coordination, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, and allergic reactions. While it may be used during pregnancy, it is not recommended for use during breastfeeding. Praziquantel is in the anthelmintic class of medications. It works partly by affecting the function of the worm's sucker.

Praziquantel was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Medical uses
Praziquantel is used to treat diseases caused by infection with several types of internal/gastrointestinal, and external parasites, including:
 * Hydatid disease caused by infection of various organs with larval stages of tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus
 * Cysticercosis caused by infection of the brain and/or muscles with the eggs and larvae of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium (though it has been judged less effective than albendazole in treatment of neurocysticercosis)
 * Taeniasis caused by intestinal infection with Taenia saginata and Taenia solium
 * Diphyllobothriasis caused by intestinal infection with Diphyllobothrium latum
 * Hymenolepiasis caused by Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta
 * Bertielliasis caused by intestinal infection with Bertiella studeri
 * In dogs and cats, whose gastrointestinal tracts are infected with the tapeworms Dipylidium caninum or Taenia taeniaeformis, respectively; praziquantel is also often used in fixed combination with pyrantel embonate against the roundworms (ascarids): Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina.  Praziquantel is also effective against Echinococcus multilocularis.
 * Schistosomiasis caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma: As of 2005, praziquantel is the primary treatment for human schistosomiasis, for which it is usually effective in a single dose.
 * Clonorchiasis brought on by the Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis
 * Opisthorchiasis brought on by the liver flukes Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus
 * Paragonimiasis caused by infection with lung flukes, mostly of the species Paragonimus westermani
 * Fasciolopsiasis caused by the giant intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski
 * Echinostomiasis caused by infection with intestinal flukes of the genus Echinostoma
 * Metagonimiasis caused by infection with intestinal flukes of the genus Metagonimus
 * Heterophyiasis caused by the intestinal fluke Heterophyes heterophyes

Side effects
The majority of side effects develop due to the release of the contents of the parasites as they are killed and the consequent host immune reaction. The heavier the parasite burden, the heavier and more frequent the side effects normally are.
 * Central nervous system (CNS): Frequently occurring side effects are dizziness, headache, and malaise. Drowsiness, somnolence, fatigue, and vertigo have also been seen. Almost all patients with cerebral cysticercosis experience CNS side effects related to the cell-death of the parasites (headache, worsening of pre-existing neurological problems, seizures, arachnoiditis, and meningism). These side effects may be life-threatening and can be reduced by coadministration of corticosteroids. All patients with cerebral cysticercosis are strongly recommended to be hospitalized during treatment.
 * Gastrointestinal tract: About 90% of all patients have abdominal pain or cramps with or without nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea may develop and may be severe with colic. Sweating, fever, and sometimes bloody stools may occur together with diarrhea.
 * Liver: Asymptomatic and transient increases of liver enzymes (AST and ALT) are noted frequently (up to 27%). No case of symptomatic liver damage has been seen so far.
 * Sensitivity reactions: Urticaria, rash, pruritus and eosinophilia in white blood cell counts
 * Other locations/body as a whole: Lower back pain, myalgia, arthralgia, fever, sweating, various cardiac arrhythmias, and hypotension

Pregnancy
The WHO states praziquantel is safe during pregnancy. Animal studies have failed to reveal evidence of fetal harm. Praziquantel is effective in reducing schistosomiasis during pregnancy. Another trial found that treatment with praziquantel did not increase the rates of low birthweight, fetal death, or congenital anomalies.

Drug interactions
The antibiotic rifampicin decreases plasma concentrations of praziquantel.

Carbamazepine and phenytoin are reported to reduce the bioavailability of praziquantel. Chloroquine also reduces its bioavailability.

The drug cimetidine heightens praziquantel bioavailability.

Mechanism of action
The drug's mode of action is not exactly known at present, but experimental evidence indicates praziquantel increases the permeability of the membranes of schistosome cells towards calcium ions. The drug thereby induces contraction of the parasites' muscle, resulting in paralysis in the contracted state. The dying parasites are dislodged from their site of action in the host organism and may enter systemic circulation or may be destroyed by host immune reaction (phagocytosis). Additional mechanisms including focal disintegrations and disturbances of oviposition (laying of eggs) are seen in other types of sensitive parasites.

Another hypothesis regarding the mechanism of action is that it interferes with adenosine uptake in worms. This effect may have therapeutical relevance given that the schistosome, as the Taenia and the Echinococcus (other praziquantel-sensitive parasites), is unable to synthesize purines, such as adenosine, de novo.

Bayer's Animal Health Division website states, "Praziquantel is active against cestodes (tapeworms). Praziquantel is absorbed, metabolized in the liver, and excreted in the bile. Upon entering the digestive tract from the bile, cestocidal activity is exhibited. Following exposure to praziquantel, the tapeworm loses its ability to resist digestion by the mammalian host. Because of this, whole tapeworms, including the scolices (plural of "scolex"), are very rarely passed after administration of praziquantel. In many instances, only disintegrated and partially digested pieces of tapeworms will be seen in the stool. The majority of tapeworms are digested and are not found in the feces."

Praziquantel is administered as a racemate, but only the (R)-enantiomer is biologically active; the enantiomers may be separated using a resolution of an amine obtained from praziquantel.

Pharmacokinetics
Praziquantel is well absorbed (about 80%) from the gastrointestinal tract. However, due to extensive first-pass metabolism, only a relatively small amount enters systemic circulation. Praziquantel has a serum half-life of 0.8 to 1.5 hours in adults with normal renal and liver function. Metabolites have a half-life of 4 to 5 hours. In patients with significantly impaired liver function (Child-Pugh score B and C), the serum half-life is increased to 3 to 8 hours. Praziquantel and its metabolites are mainly excreted renally; within 24 h after a single oral dose, 70 to 80% is found in urine, but less than 0.1% as the unchanged drug. Praziquantel is metabolized through the cytochrome P450 pathway via CYP3A4. Agents that induce or inhibit CYP3A4 such as phenytoin, rifampin, and azole antifungals will affect the metabolism of praziquantel.

Praziquantel has a particularly dramatic effect on patients with schistosomiasis. Studies of those treated have shown that within six months of receiving a dose of praziquantel, up to 90% of the damage done to internal organs due to schistosomiasis infection can be reversed.

History
Praziquantel was developed in the laboratories for parasitological research of Bayer AG and Merck KGaA in Germany (Elberfeld and Darmstadt) in the mid-1970s.

Brand names

 * Biltricide (Bayer) Tablets (for human use)
 * Cesol (Merck) Tablets
 * Cestoved (Vedco) both tablets and injectable for veterinary use
 * Cysticide (Merck) Tablets
 * Distocide (Shin Poong Pharm. Co., Ltd.) tablet (for human use)
 * Distoside (Chandra Bhagat Pharma Pvt Ltd) tablet (for human use)
 * Droncit (Bayer) for veterinary use
 * Drontal (combination with pyrantel pamoate) (Bayer) for veterinary use
 * D-Worm (Farnum) for veterinary use; note that D-Worm also makes roundworm medicine containing piperidine which is not effective against tapeworms.
 * Fish Tapes (Thomas Labs) for aquarium use
 * Interceptor Plus chewable tablets (combination with milbemycin) (Elanco) for veterinary use. Note regular Interceptor only has milbemycin and does not contain praziquantel.
 * Kaicide (Taiwan)
 * Milbemax (combination with milbemycin oxime) (Novartis) for veterinary use
 * Popantel (Jurox)
 * PraziPro (Hikari) for aquarium use
 * Praz-Tastic (NFP/National Fish Pharmaceuticals) for aquarium use
 * Pure Prazi (COTS Koi/Children of the Sun Koi) for aquarium use
 * PraziPure (J.K.O., Inc. d/b/a Kodama Koi Farm & Kodama Koi Garden; licensed by COTS Koi) for aquarium use
 * Profender (combination with emodepside) (Bayer) for veterinary use
 * Tape Worm Tabs (Trade Winds) for veterinary use
 * Zentozide (Berich (Thailand) Co)

Regulatory approval
Praziquantel is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

Praziquantel is not licensed for use in humans in the UK, but it can be imported when necessary on a named-patient basis. It is available in the UK as a veterinary anthelmintic.

Praziquantel is FDA approved in the US for the treatment of schistosomiasis and liver flukes, although it is effective in other infections.

Veterinary medicine

 * Salmon poisoning disease
 * Diplozoon paradoxum and other Trematoda infections of many fish species

It may cause problems in dogs with MDR1 mutations.

title: Praziquantel


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Salvinorin

Salvinorins are a group of natural chemical compounds and their structural analogs. Several salvinorins have been isolated from Salvia divinorum. They are classified as diterpenoid furanolactones. Salvinorin A is a hallucinogen with dissociative effects.

Several salvinorins have been isolated and characterized.

Occurrence
Originally isolated from S. divinorum, salvinorins are also detected in smaller amounts in:
 * Salvia recognita (salvinorin A, 212.9 μg/g)
 * Salvia absconditiflora (salvinorin A at 51.5 μg/g, and salvinorin B at 402.2 μg/g)
 * Salvia glutinosa (salvinorin A, 38.9 μg/g)
 * Salvia potentillifolia (salvinorin B, 2352.0 μg/g)
 * Salvia adenocaulon (salvinorin B, 768.8 μg/g)

For comparison, the amount of salvinorin A in S. divinorum ranges from 0.89 to 3.70 mg/g. All fractions reported are based on dry mass.

Interestingly, the above reported species are not very closely related to S. divinorum.

Associated compounds
In search for useful biological activity, several synthetic and semi-synthetic analogs have been prepared for study. Semi-synthetic analogs include salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether and salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether. Fully synthetic analogs include herkinorin.

Several derivates can be conveniently made from salvinorin B. Most derivatives are selective kappa opioid agonists as with salvinorin A, although some are even more potent, with the most potent compound 2-ethoxymethyl salvinorin B being ten times stronger than salvinorin A. Some derivatives, such as herkinorin, reduce kappa opioid action and instead act as mu opioid agonists.

22-Thiocyanato-salvinorin A is notable because of its functional selectivity. 2-Methoxymethyl Salvinorin B is seven times more potent than Salvinorin A at KOPr in GTP-γS assays.

Many other terpenoids have been isolated from Salvia divinorum, including classes named divinatorins and salvinicins. None of these compounds have shown significant (sub-micromolar) affinity at the kappa-opioid receptor, and there is no evidence that they contribute to the plant's psychoactivity.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Salvinorin


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Steve Brozak

Steve Brozak (born 1961) is the Managing Partner and President of WBB Securities, LLC, a Democratic congressional candidate in the 2004 American election cycle, and was the Chairman and CEO of StormBio, Inc. Brozak was named a 2013 StarMine "Top Stock Picker" among Pharmaceutical Analysts by the Thomson Reuters Awards for Excellence, and was recognized by The Wall Street Journal as "Best on the Street" among Medical Equipment and Supplies financial analysts. Brozak is a retired Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Marine Corps. He served a three-year appointment to the Secretary of Navy's Navy and Marine Corps Retiree Council. He also is a Fellow of Foreign Policy Association.

Education
Brozak received his BA from Columbia University (1982), MBA from Columbia Business School (1994) and Doctor of Medical Humanities (DMH) from Drew University (2016).

Career
Brozak is the President and Co-founder of WBB Securities, LLC, an independent broker dealer, investment bank and sell-side research firm. WBB Securities focuses on healthcare, biotechnology, pharmaceutical and medical device research and banking. WBB Securities and its analysts are ranked consistently as top performers in research accuracy. In September 2016, WBB Securities added an asset management arm to the firm, which subsequently launched a long/short equity healthcare fund named WBB Life Sciences l/s.

As president of WBB Securities, Brozak is responsible for the research and investment banking division. He raises funds for public offerings in various healthcare sectors. He has been ranked one of the top analysts of all First Call submitting analysts in all healthcare sectors over the past five years by the StarMine ranking system. In 2010, he was named one of the Top Analysts in the Healthcare Sector for the United States by the Financial Times and StarMine. As being named 2013 StarMine "top stock picker" among Pharmaceutical Analysts, Brozak has achieved top-ranking recognition in all healthcare fields including Biotechnology, Medical Devices, and Pharmaceuticals over the last five years by the Thomson Reuters Awards for Excellence and The Wall Street Journal Best on the Street Survey. He is a Fellow of the Foreign Policy Association.

Brozak has specific expertise and interest in human stem cell therapies, biothreat countermeasures, bacterium, and viruses such as highly pathogenic influenza, Marburg, and Ebola.

He is a contributor to Forbes, Businessweek, STAT, CNN, and ABCNews.com while regularly authoring articles in peer-reviewed and news publications. Among articles are:
 * "How Mental Health Is Shortchanged by Lack of Reimbursement for Vagus Nerve Stimulation", which appeared in the journal Brain Stimulation March–April 2016;
 * "Stopping Ebola: Mali Matters; Maine and Manhattan Don't" on businessweek.com October 30, 2014;
 * "No Longer the King of the North, Pfizer Looks to Recapture Crown" on Forbes.com April 30, 2014;
 * "With Big Pharma In Retreat, Ackman And Novartis Try A New Blueprint For Drug Companies" on Forbes.com March 22, 2014;
 * "Google: Just What The Doctor Ordered" on Forbes.com December 19, 2013;
 * "The 5 Things You Should Know When Your Healthcare Claim Is "Denied"" on Forbes.com October 26, 2013;
 * "Breaking US Healthcare: Sequestration, Shutdown And The Looming Debt Ceiling" on Forbes.com October 9, 2013;
 * "The Antibiotic Bubble -- A Quest For Continued Antibiotic Effectiveness" on Forbes.com May 7, 2013;
 * "Meningitis Outbreak: Restoring Confidence in the Drug Industry" on ABC News October 16, 2012;
 * "A Case for Accelerating Regenerative Medicine" on ABC News, April 12, 2012;
 * "A New American 11/11/11 Day: The Health Care Veterans Deserve" also on ABC News, November 11, 2011;
 * "Fighting Epidemics With Venture Capital", which appeared on the Bloomberg BGov Web site;
 * "Seeking Innovation: Incentive Funding for Biodefense Biotechs", which appeared in the peer-reviewed journal: Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science, Volume 8, Number 4, 2010.
 * He also is a co-author of "Long shadow of the stem-cell ruling", an opinion article that appeared in Nature, the International Weekly Journal of Science, Volume 467, 1031–1033 (28 October 2010).

Brozak is frequently interviewed and quoted by such media sources as the Associated Press, ABC, Barron's, Bloomberg, CNN, Financial Times, Forbes, Dow Jones, Reuters, USA Today, TheStreet.com, and The Wall Street Journal. He is featured in the British Medical Journal raising awareness among the cleanliness of endoscopic procedures within the United States. He is co-author of three commentaries about the failure of the Fukushima Daichi nuclear power plants and the potential impact on the world, published by ABCNews.com. They include: Fukushima Joins Titanic, Katrina as a Single Word for Disaster, March 16, 2011, Fukushima: A Nuclear Threat to Japan, the U.S. and the World, April 6, 2011 and Fukushima and Nuclear Power: Playing with Fire, April 25, 2011. He also is the author of twelve analytical reports about the threat of pandemic influenza, has written guest editorials and been asked to speak about several issues, including the challenges facing large pharmaceutical companies, the need to restructure the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and difficulties facing the U.S. healthcare system.

Brozak participated in the production of two films- as an Associate Producer of Money for Nothing: Inside the Federal Reserve (2013) and as Executive Producer of American Veteran (2017).

Brozak was Chairman and CEO of StormBio, Inc, a development stage biotechnology company focused on the attenuation of Cytokine Storm, specifically in influenza. StormBio was developing therapeutics to minimize the mortality and morbidity resulting from Highly Pathogenic Influenza infections, such as H5N1 and H1N1 influenza strains.

StormBio's approach was to modulate runaway inflammation. Many of the deaths and much of the permanent damage from influenza is caused by a runaway inflammatory process called cytokine storm. It was anticipated that StormBio's therapeutics also could be used to treat a variety of other inflammatory conditions. StormBio was affiliated with leading scientists in the field of inflammation and had in-licensed intellectual property and novel therapeutics directed at treating people in the event of an influenza pandemic.

Political life

Campaigning for Congress during the 2004 election, Brozak kicked off his campaign with a front-page feature story, "A Marine Jumps Party Lines to Join Democrats in Trenches", in The Wall Street Journal, where he gave early warning of the nearly insurmountable challenges faced by the shortage of U.S. troops in Iraq and the need for a modified strategy to subdue insurgency and create a secure nation in Iraq. His campaign focused on the lack of planning for the Iraq war, the strain it placed on our military, and the severe economic repercussions that would ensue—specifically the rise in energy prices. He also stressed the need for unfettered research in stem cells and the need for a fair trade policy with other countries. Brozak was featured in an article in the magazine Salon, which described his campaign as "a referendum on Bush's military folly."

During his Congressional campaign, Brozak was invited to speak during prime time at the 2004 Democratic National Convention, where he criticized the Bush administration for lack of planning prior to the war in Iraq. He was later criticized by bloggers in the Internet publication, The Weekly Standard for his strong position against administration partisanship in political appointments at the Pentagon. Brozak was defeated by incumbent Mike Ferguson (Republican) for New Jersey's 7th Congressional District.

Military career
Brozak is a retired Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Marine Corps, having served in Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and the Caribbean. He has been attached to units within the United Nations, specifically as a Foreign area officer at the U.S. Mission to the United Nations, and as a Public Information Officer in the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH). Brozak was also attached to units within NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and has worked with the Inter-American Defense Board.

Brozak resumed active duty service in the Marine Corps immediately after the September 11 attacks in 2001 as Officer in Charge of Mobilization Training Unit NY- 17 in New York City. He later served as part of Operation Enduring Freedom, leading a team to the Middle East to evaluate National Guard and Reserve mobilization. Upon returning from Iraq, his team wrote a report that criticized the lack of troop strength and drain on the reserves caused by the Iraq/Afghanistan deployments. His subsequent active duty assignment before retiring was Chief Spokesperson for OSD's National Committee for the Employer support of the Guard and Reserve in Washington D.C. Brozak participated as a Marine Corps officer representing the Department of Navy and Marine Corps retirees on the SECNAV Retiree Council. Brozak was twice awarded the Navy/Marine Corps Meritorious Service Medal, his last one for his efforts in Washington.

Personal life
Born in 1961, Brozak is married and has two children. Brozak has been a resident of Westfield, New Jersey.

Published works

 * "Does the GI Bill Even Work" CNN, November 11, 2014
 * "Why the Ebola Crisis Won't End Without Military Intervention" Businessweek, September 16, 2014
 * "A 21st Century Nosocomial Issue with Endoscopes" British Medical Journal, March 19, 2014
 * "Meningitis Outbreak: Restoring Confidence in the Drug-Industry" ABC News, October 16, 2012
 * "A Case for Accelerating Regenerative Medicine" ABC News, April 12, 2012
 * "A New American 11/11/11 Day: The Health Care Veterans Deserve" ABC News, November 11, 2011
 * "Seeking Innovation: Incentive Funding for Biodefense Biotechs" Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice and Science Volume 8, Number 4, 2010.
 * "Long Shadow of the Stem-Cell Ruling" Nature, the International Weekly Journal of Science, Volume 467, 1031–1033 (28 October 2010).
 * Fukushima and Nuclear Power: Playing with Fire, April 25, 2011
 * Fukushima: A Nuclear Threat to Japan, the U.S. and the World, April 6, 2011
 * Fukushima Joins Titanic, Katrina as a Single Word for Disaster, March 16, 2011
 * "Winners and Losers of the Greek Financial Crisis" abcnews.com. May 12, 2010.
 * "Four Standard-Bearers For Stem Cell Therapies" Forbes.com. April 23, 2010.
 * "How the Euro's Woes Could Affect the Economic - and Individual - Health" abcnews.com. February 25, 2010.
 * "The Facts Versus the Truth about Swine Flu" abcnews.com. September 3, 2009.
 * "Attack of the Zombie Biotechs" Forbes.com. April 2, 2009.
 * "Why Your Health Care Is in Jeopardy" abcnews.com. February 19, 2009.
 * "Caution - The FDA Could Be Hazardous to Your Health" Food and Drug Law Journal. January/February 2009.
 * "The Future of the FDA in the Next Administration" abcnews.com. October 27, 2008.
 * "The China Syndrome" abcnews.com. June 15, 2007.
 * "War Is a Force that Gives Us Meaning" Book Review Marine Corps Gazette. August 2003.
 * "The Marine Corps, the media, and the 21st century" Marine Corps Gazette. January 2002.

title: Steve Brozak


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Danish Social Liberal Party

The Danish Social Liberal Party (Radikale Venstre lit. 'Radical Left', RV) is a social-liberal political party in Denmark. The party was founded as a split from the Venstre Reform Party in 1905.

Historically, the centrist party has played a central role in Danish politics and has supported governments on both sides of the political spectrum, as co-operation is a primary belief of the party. A pro-European party, it is a member of Liberal International and the ALDE, and has two MEPs in the Renew Europe group in the European Parliament.

1905–1930s

The party was founded in 1905 as a split from the Venstre. The initial impetus was the expulsion of Venstre 's antimilitarist wing from the party in January 1905. The expelled members held a founding conference for the new party in Odense, on 21 May 1905. In addition to the differences over military spending, the social liberals also took a more positive view than Venstre towards measures that aimed to reduce social inequality. The party also became the political leg of the cultural radical movement. The party was cautiously open to aspects of the welfare state, and also advocated reforms to improve the position of smallholders, an important early group of supporters. The party's social-liberal ideals are said to have been inspired by the political economists Henry George and John Stuart Mill. Until 1936 party was member of the International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties.

The first Social Liberal Cabinet was formed in 1909 with Carl Theodor Zahle serving as Prime Minister (1909–1910). From 1913 to 1920, Zahle led the second Social Liberal Cabinet with the Social Democrats serving as parliamentary support, keeping Denmark neutral during World War I. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the party served as coalition partners along with the Social Democrats, led by Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning, and managed to lead the country through the recession by implementing far-reaching social reforms.

Post-World War II
After 1945, the party continued with its pragmatic ways, influencing either as coalition partner as parliamentary support. From 1957 to 1964 they served as coalition partners in a Social Democratic led government, while Hilmar Baunsgaard served as Prime Minister 1968–1971 in a coalition government with Venstre and the Conservative People's Party as partners. In the 1968 general elections the party reached an all-time high of 15% of the vote, while they only received 11.2% in the 1973 landslide election.

During the 1980s the party served either as parliamentary support or as coalition partner in various Conservative led governments.

After an all-time low in the 1990 general elections (where the party only received 3.5% of the vote), the party once again started cooperating with the Social Democrats under leadership of Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, participating in a coalition government in 1993.

2001–present
In the early 2000s, the political scene was marked by "bloc"-politics, with "blue bloc" being led by Venstre and "red bloc" by the Social Democrats. The Danish People's Party overtook the Social Liberals' key position as prime candidate for parliamentary support. Furthermore, the DPP's anti-immigrant policies made the Social Liberals profile themselves as a progressive party being pro-globalisation, pro-EU and more tolerant towards refugees and immigrants. At the same time the party profiled itself on reforming the welfare system, campaigning to abolish "efterløn" and lower taxes. As such the party served to unite a modern social profile with a more liberal economic profile. This served to appeal the more well-educated urbanised parts of the country, resulting in 9.2% of the vote at the 2005 general elections.

In a 2006 press release, they tried to mark themselves as once again being able to lead a government, doing away with the presumption of the party only being able to serve as government partner or parliamentary support. The strategy proved unpopular both among voters and within the party itself. On 7 May 2007 MP Naser Khader and MEP Anders Samuelsen left the party and formed the New Alliance, known today as the Liberal Alliance, along with Conservative MEP Gitte Seeberg. At a press conference on 15 June 2007, it was announced that MP Margrethe Vestager would take over leadership of the party after Marianne Jelved, and that the party would rethink its strategy. The party returned to its historical role as possible coalition partner and at the political centre of Danish politics. Vestager clarified during the run-up to the 2007 general election that her party would only be supporting a government led by the Social Democrats. Still, the party only won 5.1% of the vote.

At the subsequent 2011 general elections, the party support rose to 9.5% and regained eight seats to resume a total of 17. Together with the Social Democrats and the Socialist People's Party, they formed a three-way government coalition.

On 31 August 2014, Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt nominated Margrethe Vestager as Denmark's EU Commissioner, resulting in her resignation as party leader. The party's parliamentary group subsequently elected Morten Østergaard as new leader.

At the 2015 general elections, the party lost nine out of 17 seats and was reduced to 4.6%. The party lost a share of its voters to the newly formed The Alternative, a Green political party formed by former member of the party Uffe Elbæk.

At the 2019 general elections, the party rose to 8.6% of the vote, doubling its number of seats to 16. Østergaard stated that he would support a government led by the Social Democrats only if changes would be made to the previous government's strict immigration policies.

On 7 October 2020, Morten Østergaard stepped down as leader of the party following allegations of sexual harassment from within the party. Sofie Carsten Nielsen was elected new leader the same day.

Nielsen resigned on 2 November 2022, following the loss of nine out of 16 seats in the 2022 Danish general election. The Social Liberal Party had instigated the election by threatening a vote of no confidence against Mette Frederiksen's government in July 2022 due to the 2020 Danish mink cull. One day later, Martin Lidegaard became leader of the party.

Relationship to other parties
The Danish Social Liberal Party has traditionally kept itself in the centre of the political scale. Since the early 1990s, though, it has primarily cooperated with the Social Democrats. Internationally, the party has cooperated with the Swedish Centre Party and Liberals, the Norwegian Venstre party, the Dutch Democrats 66 and the British Liberal Democrats.

Etymology
The literal translation of the party's name Radical Left refers to its origin as the historically radical wing of its parent party Venstre (Left). In a modern context, this literal translation is somewhat misleading, as the party is considered to be centrist in the Danish political spectrum. The use of Left in the name of the party, as with the Norwegian party Venstre, is meant to refer to liberalism and not modern left-wing politics. The Danish Venstre was originally to the left of the conservative and aristocratic right-wing party Højre, whose name meant Right.

Prime Ministers

 * Carl Theodor Zahle, Prime Minister 1909–1910 and 1913–1920, (Minister of Justice 1929–1935)
 * Erik Scavenius, Prime Minister 1942–1945 (de facto until 29 August 1943), (Foreign Minister 1909–1910, 1913–1920 and 1940–1943 de facto/–1945 de jure )
 * Hilmar Baunsgaard, Prime Minister 1968–1971, (Trade Minister 1961–1964)

Other ministers

 * Edvard Brandes, Finance Minister 1909–1910 and 1913–1920
 * Christopher Krabbe, Defence Minister 1909–1910
 * Peter Rochegune Munch, Minister of the Interior 1909–1910, Defence Minister 1913–1920, Foreign Minister 1929–1940
 * Poul Christensen, Agriculture Minister 1909–1910
 * Ove Rode, Minister of the Interior 1913–1920
 * J. Hassing-Jørgensen, Minister for Public Works 1913–1920
 * Kristjan Pedersen, Agriculture Minister 1913–1920
 * Bertel Dahlgaard, Minister of the Interior 1929–1940, Minister for Economic Affairs and Minister for Nordic Co-operation 1957–1960
 * Jørgen Jørgensen, Education Minister 1935–1940, 1942–1942, 1957–1960, Minister of the Interior 1942–1943
 * A. M. Hansen, Education Minister 1945–1945
 * Kjeld Philip, Trade Minister 1957–1960, Finance Minister 1960–1961, Minister for Economic Affairs 1961–1962
 * Karl Skytte, Agriculture Minister 1957–1964
 * A. C. Normann, Fishery Minister 1960–1964, Fishery Minister and Minister for Greenland 1968–1971
 * Helge Larsen, Education Minister 1968–1971
 * Lauge Dahlgaard, Labour Minister 1968–1971
 * Jens Bilgrav-Nielsen, Energy Minister 1988–1990
 * Kristen Helveg Petersen, Education Minister 1961–1964, Minister of Culture 1968–1971
 * Niels Helveg Petersen, Minister for Economic Affairs 1988–1990, Foreign Minister 1993–2000
 * Ole Vig Jensen, Minister of Culture 1988–1990, Education Minister, 1993–1998, Church Minister, 1996–1998
 * Lone Dybkjær, Minister for the Environment 1988–1990
 * Aase Olesen, Social Minister 1988–1990
 * Ebbe Lundgaard, Minister of Culture 1996–1998
 * Elsebeth Gerner Nielsen, Minister of Culture 1998–2001
 * Marianne Jelved, Minister for Economic Affairs 1993–2001, Minister for Nordic Co-operation 1994–2001, Minister for Culture 2012–2015
 * Margrethe Vestager, Education Minister 1998–2001, Church Minister 1998–2000, Minister for Economic and Interior Affairs 2011–2014
 * Anita Bay Bundegaard, Minister for Development Cooperation 2000–2001
 * Johannes Lebech, Church Minister 2000–2001
 * Christian Friis Bach, Minister for Development Cooperation 2011–2013
 * Uffe Elbæk, Minister of Culture 2011–2012
 * Morten Østergaard, Minister for Research, Innovation and Higher Education 2011–2014, Minister for Taxation 2014–2014 Minister for Economic and Interior Affairs 2014-2015
 * Martin Lidegaard, Minister for Climate and Energy 2011–2014, Minister for Foreign Affairs 2014–2015
 * Manu Sareen, Minister for Equality, Church and Nordic Cooperation 2011–2014, Minister for Integration and Social Affairs 2014–2015
 * Rasmus Helveg Petersen, Minister for Development Cooperation 2013–2014, Minister for Climate and Energy 2014–2015
 * Sofie Carsten Nielsen, Minister for Research, Innovation and Higher Education 2014–2015

Political leaders

 * 1905–1928: Carl Theodor Zahle
 * 1928–1940: Peter Rochegune Munch
 * 1940–1960: Jørgen Jørgensen
 * 1960–1968: Karl Skytte
 * 1968–1975: Hilmar Baunsgaard
 * 1975–1978: Svend Haugaard
 * 1978–1990: Niels Helveg Petersen
 * 1990–2007: Marianne Jelved
 * 2007–2014: Margrethe Vestager
 * 2014–2020: Morten Østergaard
 * 2020–2022: Sofie Carsten Nielsen
 * 2022–present: Martin Lidegaard

European representation
In the European Parliament, the Danish Social Liberal Party sits in the Renew Europe group with one MEP.

In the European Committee of the regions, the Danish Social Liberal Party sits in the Renew Europe in the European Committee of the Regions group, with one full and two alternate members for the 2020 - 2025 mandate.

title: Danish Social Liberal Party


text: User talk:65.95.5.103

title: User talk:65.95.5.103


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Boösaule

In Greek mythology, Boösaule (Greek Βοὸς αὐλή Boos aylē 'Cow pen') is a cave in Euboea where, according to Strabo, Io gave birth to Epaphus.

title: Boösaule


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User:Ub3rm4th

Began contributing 26 July, 2004.

Major Additions
Inductance Inductance Inductance

About Me
Dual Bachelors of Science in both Mathematics, Physics; minors in linguistics, classical studies. Current masters student in mathematics.

title: User:Ub3rm4th


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Silpium

Silpium (Σίλπιον όρος) is the ancient mountain above Antioch on the Orontes (modern Antakya, Turkey) where Io, the daughter of Inachus, dies of grief in the version of the Greek myth preserved by the Syrian historian Ioannis Malalas (2.30). In modern Turkish language, it is called Habib-i Neccar Dağı.

title: Silpium


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Leech (character)

Leech is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

Leech made his first appearance in Uncanny X-Men as a Morlock, a group of mutants whose deformities force them to live in the sewers under Manhattan. He is usually depicted as being around twelve years old (his exact age is unrevealed). He speaks in broken English and refers to himself in the third person.

Publication history
Leech first appeared in The Uncanny X-Men #179 (March 1984), and was created by Chris Claremont and John Romita Jr.

Leech appeared as part of the "Morlocks" entry in The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Deluxe Edition #9.

Fictional character biography
The green-skinned Leech was orphaned as a toddler. His parents left him to die when his mutations became apparent. He was found by the Morlock Caliban and taken to a human-looking mutant woman named Annalee who raised him and several other young mutant orphans as her children. He made friends with X-Factor's ward named Artie Maddicks and had a few brief encounters with the X-Men.

During the Mutant Massacre story arc, Mister Sinister rallies his henchmen, the Marauders, to infiltrate the sewers and massacre all the Morlocks living there in an effort to rid the world of "genetically impure" mutants. While many Morlocks are killed, Leech and Caliban survive, rescued by Power Pack and the X-Terminators (X-Factor in their role of mutant hunters). Leech joins Artie in the care of X-Factor until they could be enrolled in St. Simons, a private school that willingly accepts mutant children.

Soon after they began attending this school, Leech and Artie are captured by mutant-hunting demons. Leech's technologically enhancing mutant friend, Taki Matsuya and an ad-hoc team of mutants, calling themselves the X-Terminators, join with the New Mutants in battling the demonic threat. They adventure through much of New York, witnessing much, such as innocent men being eaten, before the threat is contained.

Leech, Artie, and Taki return to St. Simons, though they do not stay out of trouble. Taki's crush on a teacher leads to uncovering a plot by mutant-hating humans to kidnap and kill as many mutants as possible. The young trio disobey orders and literally fly off. After much violence, the kidnapping plans are discovered and the conspirators arrested. A nearby resident, Ida Fassbender, discovers the trio's technologically assisted jaunts, and her paranoia endangers their lives. She resolves the problem and unofficially becomes the boys' grandmother. Leech is comforted by Ida's resemblance to Annalee.

Another kidnapping plan works successfully and Artie and Leech are taken by the murderous mutant terrorists Gene Nation.

This group was composed of second-generation Morlocks, the descendants of those who survived the massacre in the tunnels. They were born and raised in an alternate dimension with a faster flow of time than this one, called The Hill. They sought revenge for those who wronged their forebears. Gene Nation led a campaign to hunt down and kill as many humans as possible, since it was the humans' unwillingness to accept them that forced their parents into the tunnels in which they were massacred. Leech and Artie wanted no part of this, but were trapped until they were rescued by Generation X. They were thereafter made junior members.

Generation X
Leech and Artie continued to live in the Massachusetts Academy under the care of Emma Frost and Sean Cassidy. They are later joined by Franklin Richards, who stays at the school while suffering from the loss of his family. Their friendship has unexpected benefits, as Leech is able to control Franklin's powers when they, aggravated by his grief, go out of control.

The three visit the farm belonging to Hank McCoy's parents. Back at the Academy, they encounter Howard the Duck and other allies and as a group, are attacked by Black Tom Cassidy. Howard risks his life to save them all, then they are taken away by the Man-Thing. Leech and the rest have several adventures as the team called the Daydreamers. When Richards' family, who had previously been exiled to an alternate universe (see Heroes Reborn), return, the group was disbanded. Leech and Artie go back to the academy and take on more active roles.

Soon after, the school became bankrupt, and Emma and Sean were forced to open the school to human students. To keep Artie and Leech from being isolated, Emma gave them both an image inducer in the form of watches. The boys were quick to abuse this new technology, and were quickly set straight by Emma. Soon after, the school became exposed as a home for mutants, and Artie, Leech, and Penance were all sent away to protect them from any possible dangers that might arrive.

Weapon X
At some point, Leech is captured by the revived Weapon X program and was used by the Weapon X program to keep imprisoned mutants under control. When the program was about to be discovered, those responsible attempted to erase all information surrounding it by killing the prisoners. Leech survives and is one of the estimated 198 mutants who retained their powers after M-Day and moves to an encampment in the Xavier Institute.

When an exploding supervillain causes the general public to turn on superheroes, Domino, Shatterstar, and Caliban break out the 198 and take them to a bunker in the middle of the desert. They are sealed inside with nuclear weapons that are activated for self-detonation, but they are eventually freed from the bunker. Leech accompanies Caliban down to the old Morlock tunnels where they are attacked by an extremist group of Morlocks led by Masque, who after knocking out Caliban, kidnaps Leech because he needs Leech's powers. He is then rescued by the X-Men and Skids.

Leech and Artie Maddicks were invited to Franklin Richards's birthday, and as a gift, Franklin invited them to live with the Fantastic Four. The two are now in a special class with intelligent moloids, Alex Power (Zero-G) of the Power Pack and other gifted kids. It is later revealed that Leech's cancelling powers were the reason that Reed Richards wanted him to be with Franklin. Leech later joins Reed's new Future Foundation superhero team.

Powers and abilities
Leech can dampen or completely suppress, for an undetermined amount of time, the powers and abilities of any superpowered beings within 50 feet of him. His dampening ability in the beginning was involuntary and uncontrollable, but now his ability appears to be under his conscious control. Leech explained to Johnny Dee he could consciously bring his dampening field in close, so that persons are not dampened unless they touch him.

Leech has also been shown to dampen abilities that are non-mutant in origin at times, like the Fantastic Four, Hazmat of the Avengers Academy, and during Marvel's Mutant Massacre crossover event, Leech negated the powers of the superhero team Power Pack, whose abilities were bestowed on them by an extraterrestrial.

In X-Men: the Animated Series, Leech was shown to possess telekinesis when he stole fruits from a fruit stand and moved humans that were in his way when trying to escape.

When his ability has been targeted at mutants with super strength, at times his victims have become temporarily thin and frail.

Reception

 * In 2014, Entertainment Weekly ranked Artie and Leech 23rd in their "Let's rank every X-Man ever" list.

Age of Apocalypse
During the Age of Apocalypse, Leech is among the featured Morlocks that are survivors of Mister Sinister's experiments.

Ultimate Marvel
Leech was introduced to the Ultimate Marvel Universe in Ultimate X-Men #82 as a member of the Morlocks. He was never shown using his powers, so it is unclear as to whether or not they are the same. He looks similar, but more like an old man than a child. He was shot and killed by Sinister in issue #90.

Television

 * Leech appears in X-Men: The Animated Series, voiced by Ron Rubin. This version possesses the additional ability of telekinesis.
 * Leech appears in X-Men '97, voiced by David Errigo, Jr.
 * An original version of Leech appears in X-Men: Evolution, voiced by Danny McKinnon. This version is named Dorian Leech and has a more human-like appearance.

Film
A version of Leech appears in X-Men: The Last Stand, portrayed by Cameron Bright. This version is named Jimmy, possesses a human appearance, and was used by Worthington Labs to create a "mutant cure" before joining the Xavier Institute.

title: Leech (character)


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James P. McGranery

James Patrick McGranery (July 8, 1895 – December 23, 1962) was a United States representative from Pennsylvania, a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and Attorney General of the United States.

Early life and career
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Patrick McGranery, and Bridget (née Gallagher), both Irish immigrants, McGranery attended parochial schools and graduated from Roman Catholic High School in 1916 and Maher Preparatory School. He was in the United States Army Air Corps as an observation pilot and as an adjutant in the 111th Infantry Regiment from 1917 to 1919. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Temple University Beasley School of Law in 1928 and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar the same year. He entered the private practice of law in Philadelphia from 1928 to 1937. He was a member of the Democratic State Committee from 1928 to 1932. He was an unsuccessful candidate for District Attorney of Philadelphia County in 1931 and for election to the 74th United States Congress in 1934. He served as Chairman of the Registration Commission of the City of Philadelphia in 1935. He was a United States representative from Pennsylvania from 1937 to 1943. He was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1939. He was an assistant to the United States Attorney General in the United States Department of Justice in Washington, D.C., from 1943 to 1946.

Congressional service
McGranery was elected as a Democrat to the 75th United States Congress and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1937, until his resignation on November 17, 1943, to become an assistant to the United States Attorney General.

Federal judicial service
McGranery was nominated by President Harry S. Truman on July 31, 1946, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania vacated by Judge Harry Ellis Kalodner. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 31, 1946, and received his commission on August 7, 1946. He took the oath of office on October 9, 1946. His service was terminated on May 26, 1952, due to his resignation.

Post judicial service
McGranery was the Attorney General of the United States from May 27, 1952, to January 20, 1953. McGranery revoked the re-entry permit of Charlie Chaplin, when he was accused of Communist sympathies. He returned to the private practice of law in Washington, D.C., from 1954 until his death.

Death
McGranery died on December 23, 1962, in Palm Beach, Florida. He was interred in Arlington National Cemetery in Fort Myer, Virginia.

title: James P. McGranery


text:
User:Steve roseundy

My name is Steve Undy. I am an electrical engineer for a large computer company. I am a microprocessor designer.

title: User:Steve roseundy


text: User talk:213.7.9.239

title: User talk:213.7.9.239


text:
The Pruitts of Southampton

The Pruitts of Southampton is an American situation comedy that aired during the 1966-67 season on the ABC network. The show was based on the novel House Party (1954) by Patrick Dennis. It was ABC's attempt to turn female stand-up comic Phyllis Diller into a sitcom comedienne very much in the style of Lucille Ball. Child actress Lisa Loring formerly of TV's The Addams Family also had a small role on the show as Phyllis's daughter Suzy Pruitt.

The program starred Diller as Phyllis Pruitt, and featured Gypsy Rose Lee and Richard Deacon in supporting roles with Diller feeling the series was an inverted version of The Beverly Hillbillies. The show's producers originally sought comic actress Beatrice Lillie in the Diller role. Exteriors of the Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina were used as the locale.

In 2002, TV Guide ranked it number 20 on its TV Guide's 50 Worst TV Shows of All Time list.

Premise
The Pruitts, a supposedly incredibly wealthy family living on Long Island in the Hamptons, have been approached by the Internal Revenue Service about overdue taxes. An audit revealed that the Pruitts were in fact broke. Rather than reveal this fact publicly and cause the economic depression which would presumably result, an improbably charitable IRS allowed them to continue living in their mansion and maintaining the pretensions of great wealth, which was difficult given their reduced circumstances. By mid-season, in order to raise more money, Phyllis Pruitt had opened the mansion to boarders, attracting a "nutty" collection of tenants as well, a group that included Paul Lynde as her hopeless brother, John Astin as her brother-in-law, and Marty Ingels as a handyman.

In the premiere episode, Phyllis Pruitt unsuccessfully tries to roast a turkey in a front-loading washing machine.

Development and history
The show was created by executive producer David Levy, who also served in the same capacity on the ABC television series The Addams Family from 1964 to 1966. When ABC canceled that show in the spring of 1966, a few Addams Family alumni were recruited for the Diller series. Vic Mizzy, who composed the finger-snapping theme song to The Addams Family, composed the musical theme for Diller's show as well.

According to Television magazine, The Pruitts of Southampton finished 77th among the 91 shows rated during the 1966–1967 season. It began the season airing on Tuesdays, opposite The Red Skelton Hour on CBS, which finished second in the ratings.

On January 13, 1967, with the episode "Little Miss Fixit", the program changed its title to The Phyllis Diller Show. John Astin, who played Gomez Addams on The Addams Family, joined the cast the same month, and the show began airing on Fridays. In addition, the series marked a reunion for Astin and Marty Ingels who had starred in the 1962-1963 ABC-TV sitcom, I'm Dickens, He's Fenster.

In the fall of 1968, NBC signed Diller to a weekly variety series hoping that the comedian would have the same kind of success that Carol Burnett had achieved for the rival network CBS. The program, entitled The Beautiful Phyllis Diller Show, did poorly in ratings and was canceled after three months.

title: The Pruitts of Southampton


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Seymour Farmer

Seymour James Farmer (June 20, 1878 – January 16, 1951) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as Winnipeg MLA from 1922 to 1949. During this time he also served as mayor of Winnipeg 1923-1924 and later as city councillor in the late 1920s and in the 1930s. He was the leader of the Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation from 1935 to 1947. He served as a cabinet minister in Manitoba's World War I coalition government.

Farmer was born in Cardiff, Wales, the son of Seymour Farmer and Bessie Alexander Sander, and was educated there. He moved to Canada in 1900 and worked as a railway clerk. In 1910, he was Fred Dixon's campaign manager in the latter's unsuccessful bid for election to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. lHe became an accountant for the International Grain Company in 1913 and retained that position until 1927. Farmer married Lydia Gwendoline Ashton.

Along with Dixon, Farmer opposed conscription during World War I. During the Conscription Crisis of 1917, he was nominated by the Anti-Conscription League to contest the federal riding of Winnipeg Centre in the 1917 federal election. He withdrew from the contest so as not to split the anti-conscriptionist vote between a Laurier Liberal and himself.

Farmer supported the Winnipeg General Strike. After the strike's end, he ran unsuccessfully for mayor in 1919 and 1920.

In December 1920, he was one of the founding members of Manitoba's Independent Labour Party. He considered running for the federal riding of Winnipeg Centre in the 1921 election, but withdrew in favour of J.S. Woodsworth.

Farmer was elected the 30th mayor of Winnipeg in 1922 and 1923. He could not command majority support from the city's councillors though. He was defeated by Ralph Webb in 1924. He later served as a councillor in 1928 and 1929, and again in the 1930s.

Farmer was also elected to the provincial legislature for Winnipeg in the 1922 election, along with fellow ILP members Fred Dixon, John Queen and William Ivens. Winnipeg at the time was a 10-seat district electing MLAs through STV.

He was re-elected in the 1927 and 1932 elections, and replaced Queen as party leader in 1935. At the time the Independent Labour Party and the CCF were both in existence and in a partial merger.

Farmer's early years as party leader were marked by conflict between the ILP and the newly formed Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. L In 1933, the ILP had affiliated with the CCF and agreed to support the CCF's skeletal network in the province. By 1936, the CCF had grown into a more powerful organization, and many ILP members were concerned about their autonomy. There were ideological differences between the two groups: the ILP was exclusively a labour party, and the CCF wanted to reach out to farmers as well.

For the provincial election of 1936, Farmer and other candidates campaigned under the "ILP-CCF" banner. The Social Credit movement, with its victory in Alberta under its sails, tried for success in Manitoba. Farmer responded by writing pamphlet "Social Credit or Social Ownership". In it he called for social ownership of utilities and industries and for a Social Dividend which was to be arrived at in different means than the Social Credit dividend espoused by Alberta SC Premier Aberhart. ILP/CCF increased their representation to seven seats.

After the election, a group of disgruntled ILP members forced a temporary disaffiliation from the CCF. Pressure from David Lewis and J.S. Woodsworth brought the two parties back in alignment, but their relationship remained tenuous.

At the start of World War II, Farmer approved of federal CCF leader J.S. Woodsworth's pacifist stance in the House of Commons of Canada. Farmer endorsed the CCF's call to conscript "wealth rather than men" for the war effort. Most of the ILP supported an all-out war effort, however. This exacerbated tensions between the groups. The ILP finally dissolved in 1943 after its internal operations had been taken over by CCF loyalists.

Throughout the 1930s, Manitoba Premier John Bracken had attempted to bring the province's opposition parties into a "non-partisan" coalition government. Bracken's Progressives absorbed the provincial Liberals in 1932, but the other parties turned down his requests on two separate occasions. With the start of the war, however, "non-party" government became a more viable option. The Conservatives and Social Credit joined the government in 1940; despite opposition from David Lewis, Farmer convinced the CCF to do the same.

Farmer argued (somewhat dubiously) that Bracken was willing to adopt labour-friendly policies, and that the CCF would benefit more from joining government than from being the sole group in opposition. He also argued that an all-party government would defer the next provincial election for a year, ll and allow the CCF more time to organize. Lewis eventually resigned himself to the alliance, and the CCF entered Manitoba's government in late 1940. Farmer was the first member of a social democratic party in Canada to receive a cabinet portfolio and was sworn in as Minister of Labour on 4 November.

By any measurement, the CCF's tenure in government was a disaster for the party. While the Conservatives were fully integrated into the management of the province, Social Credit and the CCF were marginalized. Bracken forced Farmer's labour legislation to face free votes in the legislature, which soon took the form of party votes, with the CCF invariably on the losing side.

The Manitoba CCF was demoralized in the election of 1941. Keeping an earlier pledge, it contested only ten ridings and fell from seven to three members.

Support for the CCF rose nationally throughout 1942, and there was a growing desire among many in the Manitoba party to leave the coalition. Farmer resigned from cabinet in December 1942, and the CCF formally left the government the following year.

Farmer continued as party leader through the election of 1945. The campaign was a disappointment to the party; although it received more votes than the governing Liberal-Progressives (35% to 33%), it won only ten seats in the legislature. Farmer resigned as party leader in June 1947 and was replaced the following year by E.A. Hansford.

Farmer did not contest the election of 1949 and died on January 16, 1951.

title: Seymour Farmer


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Maggie Roswell

Maggie Roswell (born November 14, 1952) is an American actress, comedian, writer and producer from Los Angeles, California. She is well known for her voice work on the Fox network animated television series The Simpsons, in which she has played recurring characters such as Maude Flanders, Helen Lovejoy, Miss Hoover, and Luann Van Houten, as well as several minor characters. This work has earned her an Annie Award nomination.

Roswell made her acting break-through in the 1980s with appearances in films such as Midnight Madness (1980), Lost in America (1985), and Pretty in Pink (1986), and guest appearances on television shows such as Remington Steele, Masquerade, and Happy Days. She appeared frequently in the sketch comedy The Tim Conway Show from 1980 to 1981, and did voice acting for a few animated films and television shows. Roswell also performed in some theater plays, including one in 1988 directed by Julia Sweeney.

In 1989, Roswell was hired for the first season of The Simpsons. She played a few minor characters until she became a regular cast member with the introduction of Maude Flanders in the second season. In 1994, Roswell and her husband Hal Rayle moved from Los Angeles to Denver to raise their daughter. Together they established the Roswell 'n' Rayle Company, creating and voicing advertisements for companies. Because of her move to Denver, Roswell had to travel to Los Angeles twice a week to tape The Simpsons. This ultimately led to her requesting a pay raise in 1999; however, Fox refused to offer her the amount she wanted so she quit the show. Roswell returned to The Simpsons in 2002 after reaching a deal to record her lines from her Denver home.

First acting work
Roswell was born on November 14, 1952, and raised in Los Angeles, California. After going to Catholic school and Los Angeles City College, she began a career in acting. In the 1970s, she made some guest appearances on television shows such as M*A*S*H, but she did not gain her first big acting roles until the 1980s. In the 1980 film Midnight Madness, she played a character that leads a group of sorority sisters who are participating in a college puzzle solving race. Roswell also starred in the sketch comedy The Tim Conway Show in 1980 and 1981. She appeared in the film Lost in America (1985) as the character Patty, and she had a supporting role in the film Pretty in Pink (1986). She also acted in the two-part television film The Deliberate Stranger. In addition, Roswell played some minor roles in television shows in the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, including guest appearances on Remington Steele (1983), Masquerade (1984), Happy Days (1984), Murphy Brown (1993), and Quantum Leap (1993). She was offered a chance to replace Gilda Radner on Saturday Night Live, but turned down the offer when her agent told her "the show wasn't going anywhere."

Roswell has also worked on stage. In 1986 she appeared in improvisatory shows directed by Paul Sills at Lamb's Theatre, in which the actors were given characters and situations by the audience members. In 1988, she had a role in Julia Sweeney's play Mea's Big Apology at Groundling Theatre in Los Angeles. She played Eunice, a cynical woman who works at a malpractice insurance company and is a colleague to the main character. The company people do everything they can to dismiss her because they do not want to pay her retirement benefits, which are about to take effect. Roswell reprised this role in a 1992 revival of the play, also at Groundling Theatre.

Early The Simpsons, Roswell 'n' Rayle, pay dispute
In addition to her live action roles, Roswell did some voice acting in animated films and shows, including the voice of Teegra in Fire and Ice from 1983. This led to her being hired on the animated television series The Simpsons in 1989. Her first appearance was in the season one episode "Homer's Night Out", in which she voiced the character Princess Kashmir (a belly dancer who seduces Homer). Out of the total thirteen episodes of the first season, Roswell appeared in four; however, they were only minor roles. Roswell did not become a regular cast member until the middle of the second season in the episode "Dead Putting Society" (1990), with the introduction of Maude Flanders (neighbor to the Simpson family and the loving wife of Ned Flanders). Roswell went on to voice other recurring characters on the show, such as Helen Lovejoy (the reverend's wife), Miss Hoover (an elementary school teacher), and Luann Van Houten (the mother of Bart's best friend, Milhouse), as well as several more one-time characters and background characters. Fellow Simpsons cast member Nancy Cartwright wrote in her autobiography that "Maggie Roswell has been blessed with a skill in creating one of the hardest things to create: the 'normal sound,' whatever that is. So she can easily slip into the gal next door or any number of assorted reporters, medical students, jury members, accountants, scientists and moms."

Roswell was nominated for an Emmy Award for her work on The Simpsons. She also received a 1997 Annie Award nomination in the category "Best Individual Achievement: Voice Acting by a Female Performer in a TV Production" for her role as Shary Bobbins in the episode "Simpsoncalifragilisticexpiala(Annoyed Grunt)cious", but lost to June Foray.

Roswell began writing, producing, and/or voicing advertisements for companies. She and her spouse established "The Roswell 'n' Rayle Company" for this purpose, and built a recording studio in their basement. In 1994, they did radio advertisements in Denver for Burger King, Christy Sports, and an insect exhibit at the Museum of Natural History. The same year, Roswell provided her voice for Campbell's Soup and Pontiac commercials as part of their business. The company is still active as of 2010. They are now also providing comedic ring tones.

In 1997, Roswell appeared in the film Switchback alongside Danny Glover and Dennis Quaid. Roswell left The Simpsons in spring 1999 after a pay dispute with Fox Broadcasting Company, which airs The Simpsons. The dispute was not revealed to the press at first; Fox originally reported that she decided to quit only because she was tired of flying between Denver and Los Angeles for the recording sessions. Then Roswell announced that she had asked for a raise, not only because she was tired of the traveling, but because of the increasing cost of flight tickets. Roswell was paid $1,500 to $2,000 per episode during the three seasons before she left, and she asked Fox for a raise to $6,000 per episode. However, Fox only offered her a $150 raise, which did not even cover the travel costs, so she decided to quit. She told The Denver Post that "they offered me a $150 raise. I mean, that's lint in Fox's pocket. But Fox wanted to prove a point, I guess. I was flying myself back and forth from Denver to L.A. It was exhausting. I loved doing the show and they thought that I would come back. But now I'm busy doing other things." She further added that "I was part of the backbone of The Simpsons and I don't think the money I asked for was exorbitant. I wasn't asking for what other cast members make. I was just trying to recoup all the costs I had in travel. If they'd flown me in, I'd still be working." At that point, the six main cast members of the show were paid $125,000 per episode. As a result of Roswell's departure, Marcia Mitzman Gaven was hired to voice her characters, with Maude Flanders killed off in the episode "Alone Again, Natura-Diddily".

Return to The Simpsons and later work
Roswell returned to The Simpsons in 2002 in the season premiere of the fourteenth season, in which Maude made an appearance as a ghost. She reached a deal with Fox to record her lines from her Denver home, the dispute ended, and Roswell has remained on the show. She also appeared as Helen Lovejoy in the film The Simpsons Movie (2007). She attended the gala premiere together with her daughter, who was fourteen years old at the time. Roswell told The Denver Post that she was surprised she was given two tickets; "Everybody in Hollywood is killing to get their kid there. My daughter's big thrill is to meet [the band] Green Day," which also appeared in the film.

In 2004, Roswell had a minor role in the film Silver City. In 2009, she starred in the play Bunny Bunny: Gilda Radner, a Sort of Romantic Comedy at Avenue Theater in Denver. It opened in May of that year. The play recounted events in the career of actress Gilda Radner, who Roswell played, from 1975 (the start of Saturday Night Live) to her death in 1989.

Roswell enjoys singing. On February 7, 1999, she debuted as a nightclub singer at the Denver Chop House & Brewery, where she performed on behalf of the homelessness charity Family Homestead. In June 2003, she sang at Denver's Rattlebrain Theatre on Sunday nights with The Sirens.

Personal life
Roswell met fellow voice actor Hal Rayle in 1986, and they married in 1987. He had done roles such as the Predator in Predator 2, the ghoulies in Ghoulies II, and Marvin the Martian in Air Jordan commercials. They moved from Los Angeles to Denver, Colorado, in June 1994 to raise their adopted daughter, who was born in 1993. Between March and November every year, when episodes of The Simpsons were being recorded, Roswell had to fly back to Los Angeles twice a week to attend the table reads and the recording sessions. In an article about her and her husband's move, Ricky Lopes of Rocky Mountain News wrote: "When The Simpsons is taping, she goes to Los Angeles every Friday morning for the first reading, flies back that afternoon, flies back Sunday to tape the show Monday and flies back home that night." Roswell said she "got the idea for the way Helen Lovejoy says 'B-bye, b-bye, b-bye,' to everyone when they leave the church from the way the flight attendants say it when you get off the plane."

Roswell is a registered Democrat and still adheres to the Catholic faith she was raised in.

title: Maggie Roswell


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User talk:Steve roseundy

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title: User talk:Steve roseundy


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Wivenhoe Park

Wivenhoe Park is a landscaped green space of more than 200 acres at the eastern edge of Colchester, England. It is the site of Wivenhoe House, a four-star hotel, based in an eighteenth-century Grade II listed house. Wivenhoe House is also home to the Edge Hotel School, the first school of its kind in the UK and since October 2018 a department of the University of Essex. Since the 1960s, Wivenhoe Park has also been home to the Colchester Campus of the University of Essex.

John Constable painted the park in 1816. His painting, Wivenhoe Park, is now in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC.

Wivenhoe Park has received a Green Flag Award six times and has received a Gold Award as a Hedgehog Friendly Campus. The parkland has been voted one of the top ten green spaces in the UK, in the People's Choice Award on four consecutive occasions and is the only university campus to have achieved this award.

The park is host to a very large colony of rabbits. Habitat surveys have identified many other species at Wivenhoe Park.

History
In 1845, Wivenhoe Park was inherited by John Gurdon Rebow, the widow of Mary Rebow, the daughter of Lt General Francis Slater Rebow depicted in Constable's painting. John Gurdon Rebow rebuilt Wivenhoe House and remodelled the park.

In April 1856, Prince Albert visited Colchester to inspect the new barracks and travelled out to see some of the troops on exercise in Wivenhoe Park, presumably at the invitation of John Gurdon Rebow. A report of the royal visit to Wivenhoe Park, including an engraving, was published by the London Illustrated News.

Wivenhoe Park was sold to the Gooch family in 1908.

Features
Outstanding trees still remain at Wivenhoe Park including ancient oaks and the cork oaks planted by John Constable. A tree walk detailing close to 40 trees in the parkland was created by Christopher Howard in 2013.

Wivenhoe House is included on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest as a Grade II* listed building. Other listed structures in Wivenhoe Park include two Gatehouses (one to the east of the house, and the other to the north-west), the Stable Block, and the boundary wall and ha-ha which provide the domestic curtilage to the house. Each of these structures is Grade II listed. Wivenhoe Park is included on the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest.

Another notable building within the grounds is the Sports Pavilion designed by influential architects John Meunier and Barry Gasson and now used by student sports teams. The design reflects some of the ideas later used in their designs for The Burrell Collection in Glasgow.

Constable's painting
Constable was invited to stay at Wivenhoe House in August 1816. The painting depicts the parkland surrounding Wivenhoe House including cows grazing, swans on the lake and fishermen bringing in their nets. Major Rebow's daughter, Mary Rebow, is depicted riding her donkey cart.

title: Wivenhoe Park


text:
Urtext

Urtext (Urtext, from ur- "primordial" and text "text", ) may refer to:

 * Urtext (biblical studies), the text that is believed to precede both the Septuagint and the Masoretic text
 * Urtext edition, in classical music, the version of the music as it was created by the composer

title: Urtext


text:
Loma Mar, California

Loma Mar (Spanish for "Sea Hill") is a census-designated place (CDP) in San Mateo County, California. It is near San Mateo County Memorial Park on Pescadero Creek Road and is in area code 650. Loma Mar is between the towns of Pescadero and La Honda, situated in the Santa Cruz Mountains in the western part of the San Francisco Peninsula. The United States Postal Service has assigned it ZIP Code 94021. As of the census of 2020, there were 134 residents in the CDP. Loma Mar is home to the YMCA's Camp Loma Mar, Redwood Glen Camp and Conference Center as well as a small number of businesses and services including the Loma Mar Store, a post office, and a fire station run by volunteers.

Geography
The town is located within a redwood forest, and is traversed by the Pescadero Creek.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 1.7 square miles (4.5 km$2$), all of it land.

Demographics
The 2010 United States Census reported that Loma Mar had a population of 113. The population density was 65.1 PD/sqmi. The racial makeup of Loma Mar was 101 (89.4%) White, 2 (1.8%) African American, 0 (0.0%) Native American, 3 (2.7%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 0 (0.0%) from other races, and 7 (6.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12 persons (10.6%).

The Census reported that 113 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 54 households, out of which 12 (22.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 24 (44.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1 (1.9%) had a female householder with no spouse present, 0 (0%) had a male householder with no spouse present. There were 5 (9.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1 (1.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 21 households (38.9%) were made up of individuals, and 3 (5.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09. There were 25 families (46.3% of all households); the average family size was 2.96.

The population was spread out, with 22 people (19.5%) under the age of 18, 2 people (1.8%) aged 18 to 24, 33 people (29.2%) aged 25 to 44, 47 people (41.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 9 people (8.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 117.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.

There were 67 housing units at an average density of 38.6 /sqmi, of which 31 (57.4%) were owner-occupied, and 23 (42.6%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0%; the rental vacancy rate was 0%. 68 people (60.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 45 people (39.8%) lived in rental housing units.

Schools
Loma Mar is within the boundaries of the La Honda-Pescadero Unified School District and has a bus stop located on Pescadero Creek Road across from the store, but does not have a school of its own.

title: Loma Mar, California


text:
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (in case citations, E.D. Pa.) is one of the original 13 federal judiciary districts created by the Judiciary Act of 1789. It originally sat in Independence Hall in Philadelphia as the United States District Court for the District of Pennsylvania, and is now located at the James Byrne Courthouse at 601 Market Street in Philadelphia. There are five Eastern District federal courtrooms in Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, Lancaster, Allentown, Reading, and Easton.

The Court's jurisdiction includes nine counties in eastern Pennsylvania: Berks, Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Lancaster, Lehigh, Montgomery, Northampton, and Philadelphia counties. The district is a part of the Third Circuit, and appeals are taken to that Circuit, except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit.

The chief judge for the Eastern Pennsylvania District Court is Mitchell S. Goldberg.

The people in the district are represented by the United States attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. , the U.S. attorney is Jacqueline C. Romero.

History
The United States District Court for the District of Pennsylvania was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789,, on September 24, 1789. It was subdivided on April 20, 1818, by, into the Eastern and Western Districts to be headquartered in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, respectively. Portions of these districts were subsequently subdivided into the Middle District on March 2, 1901, by. At the time of its initial subdivision, presiding judge Richard Peters Jr. was reassigned to only the Eastern District.

List of U.S. attorneys

 * William Lewis (1789–1791)
 * William Rawle (1791–1799)
 * Jared Ingersoll (1800–1801)
 * Alexander Dallas (1801–1814)
 * Charles Jared Ingersoll (1815–1829)
 * George M. Dallas (1829–1831)
 * Henry D. Gilpin (1831–1837)
 * John M. Read (1837–1841)
 * William M. Meredith (1841–1842)
 * Henry M. Watts (1842–1845)
 * Thomas M. Pettit (1845–1849)
 * John W. Ashmead (1849–1854)
 * James C. Van Dyke (1854–1857)
 * George M. Wharton (1857–1860)
 * George A. Coffey (1861–1864)
 * Charles Gilpin (1864–1868)
 * John P. O'Neil (1868–1869)
 * Aubrey H. Smith (1869–1873)
 * William McMichael (1873–1875)
 * John K. Valentine (1875–1888)
 * John R. Read (1888–1892)
 * Ellery P. Ingham (1892–1896)
 * James M. Beck (1896–1900)
 * James Buchanan Holland (1900–1904)
 * Joseph Whitaker Thompson (1904–1912)
 * John C. Smartley (1912–1913)
 * Francis F. Kane (1913–1919)
 * Charles D. McAvoy (1920–1921)
 * George W. Coles (1921–1929)
 * Calvin S. Boyer (1929–1930)
 * Howard B. Lewis (Acting) (1931)
 * Edward W. Wells (1931–1933)
 * Charles D. McAvoy (Second Time) (1933–1937)
 * Guy K. Bard (Acting) (1937)
 * James Cullen Ganey (1937–1940)
 * Edward A. Kallick (Acting) (1940)
 * Gerald A. Gleeson (1940–1953)
 * Joseph G. Hildenberger (Acting) (1953)
 * W. Wilson White (1953–1957)
 * G. Clinton Fogwell, Jr. (Acting) (1957)
 * Harold Kenneth Wood (1957–1959)
 * Joseph Leo McGlynn, Jr. (Acting) (1959)
 * Walter E. Alessandroni (1959–1961)
 * Joseph Simon Lord III (1961)
 * Drew J. T. O'Keefe (1961–1969)
 * Louis C. Bechtle (1969–1972)
 * Carl Joseph Melone (Acting) (1972)
 * Robert E. J. Curran (1972–1976)
 * Jonas Clayton Undercofler III (Acting) (1976)
 * David W. Marston (1976–1978)
 * Robert N. DeLuca (Acting) (1978)
 * Peter F. Vaira, Jr. (1978–1983)
 * Edward S. G. Dennis, Jr. (1983–1988)
 * Michael M. Baylson (1988–1993)
 * Michael J. Rotko (Acting) (1993)
 * Michael R. Stiles (1993–2001)
 * Michael L. Levy (Acting) (2001)
 * Pat Meehan (2001–2008)
 * Laurie Magid (Acting) (2008–2009)
 * Michael L. Levy (Acting, Second Time) (2009–2010)
 * Zane David Memeger (2010–2016)
 * Louis D. Lappen (Acting) (2016–2018)
 * William M. McSwain (2018–2021)
 * Jennifer Arbittier Williams (Acting) (2021–2022)
 * Jacqueline C. Romero (2022–present)


text:
Talk:Great horned owl

Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 26 August 2020 and 31 December 2020. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Watkins-Jorgensen.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 22:41, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Sourcing
Sources for South America and for five hoots: , Peterson's field guide, personal experience. --JerryFriedman 22:50, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

The article mentions that the owl can perceive the depth of sounds better than humans. Firstly, this would require a reference. This fact is attributed the asymmetrical placement of the ears. However, this only allows them better perception of sound elevation (up-down), not distance. If they truly have better depth perception than humans (an area of hearing science that is not well studied in any case) than that would be very interesting.they are very well kept in te body if you knwo what i mean. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 65.112.5.1 (talk) 15:30, 14 May 2007
 * The article reports of one Great Horned Owl that killed a human in defense of its eggs. This needs a reference, or it should be eliminated. Peter (talk) 20:16, 5 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. I could not find any reference for this, so I've removed it. If someone can produce a reference, perhaps it could be added back in. Quaternion (talk) 19:10, 14 December 2007 (UTC)
 * On listverse, I recently read this 'fact'. I can't remember the exact name of the list or if there was a source but if someone wanted to, they could check. The list title was something like "Ten Animals you didn't know could kill you", maybe. Or possibly one about impressive raptors. Gatorgirl7563 (talk) 12:16, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

Longevity of Great Horned Owls
How long do these birds live in the wild? --Jimaynard 15:15, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

According to the article, they can live as long as 37 years in captivity, and about 13 years in the wild. 149.152.191.253 18:56, 6 September 2007

May kill cats (and foxes)?
I dimly recall reading, long, long ago, that it is not at all unusual for these owls to kill domestic cats and even occasionally small foxes. I have no cite and probably won't find one. Anybody? -- Writtenonsand (talk) 13:31, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

I have a bit of a background in studying the GHO and have read about such encounters before, but my understanding is that they are extremely rare and typically involve sub-adult cats. Some people like to perpetuate the story of owls preying on cats in order to help convince people to keep their cats indoors (either because they're cat lovers or because they have concerns about the impact of cats on wild bird and small mammal population). Remember, the GHO is typically no more than 4 pounds and many adult domestic cats weight close to or more than 10 pounds, so when you consider the formidable weapons a cat possesses, there are much better options for prey than something that's fully capable of killing the owl, unlike most other prey species. That isn't to say that an owl could not ever successfully prey on a domestic cat and I believe there are instances where it has occurred (although like I said, I would be very surprised if all but a few didn't involve sub-adult cats), but it's a pretty risky undertaking to hunt a larger predator and even if the owl is successful in killing the cat it's going to have trouble carrying it off to feed at its leisure because of the cat's bulk. 149.79.35.227 (talk) 18:17, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

It isn't mentioned in the article but GHO's have a reputation for feeding on skunks. I know that the owl's perching place sometimes smells like a skunk has been very upset there. While a bird that wasn't affected by a skunk's smell might find a skunk less formidable than a cat, it would still be pretty tough for a four-pound bird. So I would reject the whole skunk idea as folklore but I have been near roosting places and smelled skunk. 71.234.37.99 (talk) 02:15, 6 August 2008 (UTC)Will in New Haven71.234.37.99 (talk) 02:15, 6 August 2008 (UTC)

My uncle in Minnesota believes an owl killed his two Siamese-Persian mixes. He's an experienced outdoorsman. He says the cats were small -- thin like Siamese while tiny and furry like Persian, and didn't have any 'streetsmarts', unlike his current cat, which his wife still lets outside even after losing two. Gatorgirl7563 (talk) 12:09, 19 March 2014 (UTC)

Hunting at night?
Shouldn't that read dusk and dawn. Not that I'm saying it's not hunting in the middle of the night, but I'd say in non-urban, non-artificially lit settings dusk and dawn would be the most active phases. 71.236.26.74 (talk) 06:41, 1 June 2009 (UTC)

Hearing depth perception
Following up on comment (top of page) by Forpeterssake. As a starting point for a discussion of owls' hearing depth perception, we should take a look at the research of Masakazu Konishi. A brain map of auditory space [for owls] and How do owls localize interaurally phase-ambiguous signals? The relevant terms in physiology appear to be sound localization and binaural fusion. NinetyNineFennelSeeds (talk) 14:37, 18 November 2009 (UTC)

Calls
The section on their calls is very unsatisfactory. First of all it doesn't do justice to the variety of calls they make, or the distinct difference between male in female calls (the typically male and female calls, are an entirely different pattern of syllables not merely a matter of the one being higher and rising at the end).

The "ho-ho-hoo hoo hoo" it cites could conceivably be intended as either the typical female call or male call, though the two are quite different, and it seems to me a truer approximation of the female call (the typical male call is harder to convey with human speech syllables because of the rapidity of some of the initial syllables). However in either case, it is quite common for this call to be six or even more syllables where as the text indicates only 5 sometimes 4. (Here's a sample of the typical female call, which matches what I've heard: 4 short syllables and 2 long: )

I also don't find "ho" a very good way to convey a short hoo sound. One would read "ho" as the same sound as in the word "show", as opposed to the sound in the word "shoe", and even the short syllables are clearly a hoo noise not a ho.

I'm not enough of an owl expert to feel comfortable rewriting this section, but I can only hope some expert will tend to it at some point.--Ericjs (talk) 23:39, 22 November 2009 (UTC)

 * So fix it! Eeekster (talk) 23:44, 22 November 2009 (UTC)

Whether to add something to 'Food and feeding behavior'
How do people feel about adding the following?

"In comparison with the endangered owls, the great horned owl is a generalist, meaning it hunts a wide variety of prey. Great horned owls share habitat with the barn owl and short-eared owl and also prey upon voles.  However, they also catch a variety of rabbits, gophers and mice." (In case you can't read the footnote, here it is again: p. 61 Owls by Rebecca O'Connor. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Lucent Books, 2003.)

I shall wait several days for a reaction. If there isn't one, then I shall tentatively add this passage. Thanks for your attention. Earththings (talk) 19:34, 17 December 2009 (UTC)

Missing sections
I came to this article to see if there was an overview of the GHO as a symbol in human culture (symbology, mythology) throughout the Americas. I don't know if this has been a subject of edit warring, but here's my vote for such a section, properly sourced, especially if someone has already written it, only to see it deleted. If such a subject is too large for this article, then it should be a separate article, with a link in the (missing) == See also == section. --Lexein (talk) 12:26, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

Overly detailed
I think I agree with the "overly detailed" tag. The detail inserted last July is great stuff, but is way too detailed. It could be split off into another article to great advantage. --jpgordon:==( o ) 04:59, 7 December 2014 (UTC)

I don't think it is too detailed as such; it is a technical article after all, and the subject is large, but there are a few items that might be farmed out to an article on owls in general, not being specific to the GHO. Maybe a bit of reformatting and re-organisation would be nice too. JonRichfield (talk) 15:51, 21 December 2014 (UTC)

Large amount of copyvio material
The article currently is stuffed with sentences and passages copied from another, non-free source. Please have a look at what the copyvio detector spits out. As the article is too detailed anyway, I propose to give it a good pruning and re-formulating in the next few days to get rid of these issues.-- Elmidae  (talk) 07:56, 11 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Did you read the bottom of that "non-free source" page? It says "Some text fragments are auto parsed from Wikipedia." Hard to tell which, with that kind of attribution! I'd suggest that Jungle Dragon's text might come from Wikipedia, rather than the other way around. There is nothing on that website that says anything about who writes it or where they get their information. A large bit appears similar to a Chinese NGO website which has used Wikipedia text. I'd suggest your tag may not be appropriate! MeegsC (talk) 12:43, 4 March 2016 (UTC)

 * , I agree with and I'll remove the tag. I do think that this article needs serious pruning. Thank you, Drmies (talk) 16:29, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

 * Hmm. You are right, I guess there might be some circularity involved. A good pruning is probably still a good thing for the article and I shall carry on with that today - sorry, it did somewhat slip off my plate.-- Elmidae  (talk) 10:33, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

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Pets as prey
Hi, I think we need a separate section discussing the predation of the GHOwl on peoples pets, in particular dogs and cats. I know they are mentioned under "other mammals", but this makes it difficult for the regular reader to notice that their pets can be in danger from these owls. Please see this article for example.

"G Horned Owl" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect G Horned Owl. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 January 22 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Hog Farm Talk 17:28, 22 January 2021 (UTC)

Size and weight
The website https://greathornedowl.net as found via duckduckgo says:
 * "Males weigh up to 3.545 lb while females averaging 2.698 lb."

This contradicts the text currently in the Physiology and measurements section here, which says the females are larger and the males smaller, with mean body weight
 * "1,608 g (3.545 lb) for females and 1,224 g (2.698 lb) for males".

– Athaenara ✉  10:15, 11 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Great horned owl


text:
Treachery (law)

Treachery is an offence in several countries. Both of the Australian and British offences were derived from or inspired by the related offence of treason. The name treachery was chosen because it is a synonym for treason.

Australia
Treachery is a statutory offence in Australia. The offence is created by section 80.1AC of the Criminal Code.

United Kingdom
The Treachery Act 1940 created the offense to prosecute and execute enemy spies. Suspended in 1946, the statutory offence bearing that name in the United Kingdom was repealed in 1973.

title: Treachery (law)