text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Coca-Cola/archive1

Coca-Cola
May be self-nomination (I fleshed out the history a little). However, I believe it's a good article -- well-organised and with good content, not to mention brilliant prose. If anybody has questions on Coke's history, I borrowed Mark Pendergrast's "For God, Country & Coca-Cola" from the library (originally for leisure, but then I realised it's an untapped gold mine for expanding the Coca-Cola article). Johnleemk|Talk 13:03, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support: I support only if the controversies surrounding coke are highlighted (at least, as it is now) in the article. In the name of NPOV, they should not be censored. --ganesh 15:55, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * ..."(verse) One man come in the name of NPOV / One man come and go / One man come, he to justify / One man to overthrow / (chorus) In the name of NPOV / What more in the name of NPOV?"...woah, sorry. — Matt 16:19, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * (N)POV isn't the only thing wikipedia is based on. --ganesh 15:52, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Overview needs more citations, and the list of brands needs more wikilinks. anthony (see warning) 13:14, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I've edited the page to fix this criticism, but hopefully someone with a more experienced hand can correctly wikify the Brands section - I only linked to those brands whom I recognise. Johnleemk|Talk 14:21, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * There are still a few statements there that could probably do with a citation, but I withdraw my objection. I'd also like to see an image better than Image:Cokebottles.jpg. anthony (see warning)
 * Support. A glance at the amazing list of international brands oif Coca-Cola reveals that opposition on that score is subversive comedy. My criticisms: the classic shape that made "cokebottle" an adjective is missing among illustrations; "Spin-the-bottle," the Santa Claus iconography and "Coke collectibles" need to be touched on and linked Wetman 19:33, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC).
 * Subversive comedy? We should add wikilinks to at least the articles which we already have created. anthony (see warning)
 * Object. Most of my earlier objections were solved (I removed them from this list), but this one remains: The Heatlh/Environment/Labor Controversies surrounding Coca-Cola section seems totally out of place. It just lists some facts from three events. Are these the only controversies? How did they affect the company? This needs removal or expansion.Jeronimo 08:28, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I've fleshed them out, moved the Mecca-Cola thingy to the urban legends section, and made that a subsection of the Controversies. Johnleemk|Talk 10:27, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm still not really happy with that section, so I'll hold my objection for now, even if this is only a minor issue. The "Controversies surrounding Coca-Cola"-section still only deals with separate issues. The India-controversy is worked out pretty well, but it stands a bit alone; perhaps a separate sub-section? Furthermore, "Coke has also been the subject of controversy in its relationship with unions." suggests there have been more than only the issue in Colombia, but none are listed. "The Coca-Cola company, of course, denies these accusations" is rather POV, I think. Also, little context could be provided here. Are union-troubles common for multi-nationals, or rare? But like I said, this is not a major objection Jeronimo 16:22, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Ok, I have fleshed out the union section and split the controversies into three subsections. I have also improved a couple of other minor details and rolled back a couple of changes in the opening paragraph that I felt were detrimental to its value. Johnleemk|Talk 08:41, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I've fixed about half of Jeronimo's concerns by refactoring the article. I'll get to work on the rest of it tomorrow. Johnleemk|Talk 13:51, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I have spun out the two bottom-most lists into Coca-Cola brands and Coca-Cola slogans (they might be more suited in the singular, though). I have deleted the "Notable Employees" list as they are all mentioned in the History section. Johnleemk|Talk 09:36, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose for now. There's absolutely no mention of any of the company's current (and past) controversies regarding trades unions or the exhibition over here (in London) about the Coca-Cola company trading with Nazi Germany (see, and , for example). For completeness, I think that at least a cursory mention would be in order. — OwenBlacker 10:47, Jul 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * I think I've addressed that now. Johnleemk|Talk 11:27, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I'm happy with those aspects now. I'd like to see a little more on each point, but that would prolly make it less NPOV, if I'm honest with myself. It's a good article; I support. — OwenBlacker 20:07, Jul 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. 1) The lead says, "Coca-Cola also registered a trademark on the distinctive bottle shape" — we need an image showing this shape. 2) The "History" section is pretty long; could it be broken up into two or three sections, or subsectioned? 3) Style: some of the section titles are in capital letters. 4) The related articles: Coca-Cola brands, Coca-Cola slogans should be summarised in this article (for the former, we currently mention Fanta and Sprite). 5) The lead section needs expanding to summarise the entire article >and to give some indication of its importance as a global brand. 6) Could we have some dates for the introduction of Coke variants, like Diet Coke, Coke with Lemon, etc? 7) Could we have some explicit mention of the rivalry with Pepsi? It's mentioned implicitly in various places in the article, but it would be good to have it spelled out. — Matt 11:53, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * All have been addressed (with the exception of perhaps number 4; I don't know how summarised you want them, so right now they're rather sparse since the articles themselves are quite small). Johnleemk|Talk 12:55, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your refactoring, I think it's much improved. — Matt 13:22, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Noticed you're still objecting though — any reason why? ;-) Johnleemk|Talk 13:34, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Oops, sorry, misplaced tag (I'll probably try and nitpick some more tomorrow, though...!) — Matt 13:39, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. All my objections have been resolved, good work on that. I think the article has greatly improved since it was nominated, and is now worthy of being featured. Jeronimo 09:27, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Hm. I'm afraid an edit war may be brewing. User:Drbalaji_md has been making some obviously blatantly POV changes in the past few days to the article, especially to the intro paragraph. I don't want to discuss too much with him, because I'm afraid of saying things I don't mean to say. This probably isn't the right place to be putting this, but I think it's only fair since this concerns the article. The user in question has been removing some things that few other people contest (actually none; for example, the mentioning of Pepsi in the opening paragraph, and the mention of where Coke is sold beyond a general description of "nations around the world"). Besides that, I don't think bolding negative text in the opening paragraph is NPOV at all. Aren't we supposed to fight POV with NPOV, not more POV? Johnleemk|Talk 14:47, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. chocolateboy 15:31, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Zerbey 15:43, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support - the stub sections bugged me so I combined them with larger sections. The article will one day need to be split between Coca-Cola the product and Coca-Cola the company, but I think that a combined article is OK for now. --mav 08:28, 10 Jul 2004 (UTC)


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JT LeRoy

Jeremiah Terminator LeRoy, or simply JT LeRoy, is a literary persona created in the 1990s by American writer Laura Albert. LeRoy was presented as the author of three books of fiction, which were purportedly semi-autobiographical accounts by a teenage boy of his experiences of poverty, drug use, and emotional and sexual abuse in his childhood and adolescence from rural West Virginia to California. Albert wrote these works, and communicated with people in the persona of LeRoy via phone and e-mail. Following the release of the first novel Sarah, Albert's sibling-in-law Savannah Knoop began to make public appearances as the supposed writer. The works attracted considerable literary and celebrity attention, and the authenticity of LeRoy has been a subject of debate, even as details of the creation came to light in the 2000s.

Published works
Albert originally published as Terminator and later JT LeRoy.

 * Sarah (2000)
 * By turns magical and realistic, the novel Sarah is narrated by a nameless boy whose mother Sarah is a lot lizard: a prostitute who works the truck stops in West Virginia. She can be abusive and abandoning, yet he longs for her love and tries to follow in her world, working for a pimp who specializes in "boy-girls".

 * The Heart Is Deceitful Above All Things (2001)
 * Ten short stories that form a novel about the childhood of LeRoy, torn from his foster parents at age four when his emotionally disturbed mother reclaims him and then runs away with him. She alternately clings to LeRoy and abandons him, subjecting him to patterns of abuse and exploitation she has suffered throughout her life.

 * Harold's End (2005)
 * The novella follows a young heroin addict who is befriended by Larry, an older man, from whom he receives an unusual pet. Illustrations are by Australian artist Cherry Hood. Published by Last Gasp.

Contributions to other written works
Work credited to LeRoy was published in literary journals such as Francis Ford Coppola's Zoetrope: All-Story, McSweeney's Quarterly Concern, Memorious, and Oxford American magazine's Seventh Annual Music Issue. LeRoy was listed as a contributing editor to BlackBook magazine, i-D and 7x7 magazines, and is credited with writing reviews, articles, and interviews for The New York Times, The Times of London, Spin, Film Comment, Filmmaker, Flaunt, Shout NY, Index Magazine, Interview, and Vogue, among others.

LeRoy's work has also appeared in such anthologies as The Best American Nonrequired Reading 2003, MTV's Lit Riffs, XXX: 30 Porn-Star Portraits, Nadav Kander's Beauty's Nothing, and The Fourth Sex: Adolescent Extremes. LeRoy is also listed as guest editor for Da Capo's Best Music Writing 2005.

Additionally, LeRoy was credited with liner notes and biographies for musicians Billy Corgan, Liz Phair, Conor Oberst, Ash, Bryan Adams, Marilyn Manson, Nancy Sinatra and Courtney Love and profiled award-winner Juergen Teller.

Circumstances of LeRoy's creation
Calling a suicide hotline in the 1990s, Albert reached Dr. Terrence Owens, a psychologist with the McAuley Adolescent Psychiatric Program at St. Mary's Medical Center in San Francisco. Owens did not know her as Laura Albert at the time, but as "Jeremiah" or "Terminator". Owens is credited with encouraging "Jeremiah" or "Terminator" to write during their phone therapy sessions. Albert also recorded conversations without Owens' consent, and these illegally recorded phone calls made their way into the 2016 documentary Author: The JT LeRoy Story.

Albert explained the circumstances of LeRoy's existence in a 2006 interview in The Paris Review with Nathaniel Rich; she described her troubled history and her alleged personal experiences with abuse, abandonment, sex work, gender identity, and her need, since childhood, to create alternate personae (chiefly over the telephone) as a psychological survival mechanism, through which she could articulate her own ideas and feelings.

At her 2007 fraud trial, Albert described LeRoy as her "veil".

Exposure
Throughout the 1990s, virtually no one had ever glimpsed the reclusive author. Then, in 2001, a person wearing a wig and sunglasses began appearing in public, claiming to be LeRoy.

In August 2005, journalist John Nova Lomax published the article "Coal Miner Mother of a Mess" in the Houston Press, casting doubt on the particulars of LeRoy's story. Lomax recounted his frustrated attempts to contact LeRoy by e-mail, pointed out several obvious discrepancies of fact, and cast doubt on LeRoy's existence. A few months later, Stephen Beachy, in an October 2005 article in New York magazine, revealed that LeRoy was indeed a fictional creation, invented by writer Laura Albert, and that LeRoy's purported public appearances in wig and sunglasses were made by an actor. Beachy asserted that Albert had been posing as LeRoy's caretaker and spokesperson, calling herself "Speedie", under the false premise that LeRoy lived with Albert and her husband Geoffrey Knoop, who used the pseudonym "Astor".

In January 2006, journalist Warren St. John revealed his finding in The New York Times that the person posing as LeRoy in a wig and sunglasses for six years was 25-year-old Savannah Knoop, Geoffrey Knoop's sibling. In a subsequent article, St. John published details of an interview with Geoffrey Knoop, in which Knoop confirmed that LeRoy did not exist, and that his sibling was LeRoy's public face. Knoop also admitted to St. John that Laura Albert had written the works published as LeRoy's.

In 2008, Savannah Knoop published a memoir, Girl Boy Girl: How I Became JT LeRoy, about their six-year career as an impersonator.

Film option and lawsuit
Antidote International Films, Inc., and its president Jeffrey Levy-Hinte announced plans for a film adaptation of Sarah to be directed by Steven Shainberg. According to The New York Times, when Shainberg "learned who had truly written Sarah an inspiration came to him to make a 'meta-film', a triple-layered movie that would blend the novel with the lives of its real and purported authors in a project he took to calling Sarah Plus." The New York Times also reported that this new project "required the rights to Laura Albert's story, rights that she in no uncertain terms refused to grant".

In June 2007 Antidote sued Laura Albert for fraud, claiming that a contract signed by Albert in LeRoy's name to make a feature film of Sarah was null and void. A jury found against Albert in the sum of $116,500, holding that the use of the pseudonym to sign the film rights contract was fraudulent.

In art and popular culture
Armistead Maupin's 2000 novel The Night Listener features the case of Anthony Godby Johnson, which is similar to that of LeRoy.

In 2013 filmmaker Michael Arias claimed LeRoy for his inspiration in translating Taiyo Matsumoto's manga Sunny.

At a 2013 symposium with filmmaker J. J. Abrams and Doug Dorst in New York, actress and writer Lena Dunham said that LeRoy "co-opted my imagination for a full year of my life. [...] It was pretty remarkable. And then you also go, 'This person isn't who they claim to be, but they still wrote this book that captured all of our imaginations, so then why does the identity of the author even matter when you're reading fiction and engaging with it in a really personal way?'" That same year, Laura Albert told Interview, "You know, JT LeRoy does not exist. But he lives. That's what a famous film historian once said about Bugs Bunny."

In 2014 interviewer Dylan Samson on the LastLook App blog stated that "Albert had ingeniously hacked the literary establishment".

In March 2014 the San Francisco Chronicle reported that the Academy of Friends Oscar Party in San Francisco invited JT LeRoy – played by gender fluid fashion model Rain Dove Dubilewski – to walk the runway as part of its HIV/AIDS fundraiser.

As part of the artist and filmmaker Lynn Hershman Leeson’s 2014 exhibition "How To Disappear," she premiered her video The Ballad of JT LeRoy, examining Laura Albert's use of the literary persona JT LeRoy. Reflecting on the parallels between JT LeRoy and her own alter ego Roberta Breitmore, Hershman Leeson has commented:

"The concept of an alter ego is not new at all. Writers have been protecting themselves in that way for centuries. Mary Shelley did it. Of course Laura took this practice further and I think that was very smart and I do not think she deserves the kind of condemnation that she got. If I had done the Roberta thing ten years later, I would have faced the same problems."

The story of JT LeRoy was the subject of a 2018 feature film based on Savannah Knoop's memoir. Directed by Justin Kelly, the film starred Laura Dern as Laura Albert and Kristen Stewart as Knoop.

Documentaries about LeRoy include Author: The JT LeRoy Story (2016) directed by Jeff Feuerzeig, and The Cult of JT LeRoy (2015) directed by Marjorie Sturm.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: JT LeRoy


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Talk:Film speed

marketing anomalies
In the case of black and white films, the ISO standard specifies development for specified contrast levels. In the case of color films, like C41 and E6, the times are fixed. Films like the Ektachrome P800/1600 might not actually be pushed in the technical sense, as they are developed for the appropriate time for that film, which happens to be longer than the process-specified time. For Delta 3200, the characteristic curve has an unusual shape, such that the ISO standard doesn't work as well. There is no straight line section in the Delta 3200 curve. Gah4 (talk) 18:34, 29 October 2018 (UTC)

Missing Interwiki Links
These links are missing: da:ISO (filmfølsomhed), fr:Sensibilité ISO, ja:ISO感度, sv:ISO-grader. --2A02:810A:86C0:6590:88F1:C654:218E:9873 (talk) 17:21, 21 May 2020 (UTC)

ASA: 1943 vs. 1960
I think the ASA section needs a conversion table for ASA 1942 vs. ASA 1960, to make the change more transparent, complete with a third column for modern ISO, to show easily how ISO is still identical to ASA 1960 in values. --2003:DA:CF39:B861:60FA:97C4:BA2C:67AC (talk) 23:15, 25 July 2023 (UTC)

Intermediate speeds for odd films?
Polaroid Type 107/667 were specified as 3000-speed films, not 3200; does this need to be reflected in the table? Okto8 (talk) 17:06, 5 April 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Film speed


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Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish

Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish (also spelled with various transliterations as Mashipinashiwish, Me-chee-pee-nai-she-insh, Mash-i-pi-wish , Mitch-e-pe-nain-she-wish, or Mat-che-pee-na-che-wish) was a hereditary chief of a Potawatomi Indian group in what is now Michigan. The Potawatomi are one of the peoples of the Council of Three Fires; the others are the Odawa and the Ojibwe, all Algonquian-language speakers.

Post-American Revolution activities
Listed by the United States by English name of Bad Bird and as an Ojibwe, the chief made his sign on the Treaty of Greenville, in 1795, which ended the Northwest Indian War after the defeat of the Western Confederacy. (The Ojibwe were closely allied with the Potawatomi and Ottawa in the Council of Three Fires). This treaty was signed by chiefs of those three tribes and others that had been part of the Western Confederacy. The bands ceded considerable territory in present-day Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, allowing settlement by European Americans in what the U.S. called the Northwest Territory, an area north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi.

The 1821 Treaty of Chicago, which Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish signed on August 29, 1821, there listed as an Ottawa, reserved a three mile-square tract for an Indian village at the head of the Kalamazoo River (spelled then as Kekalamazoo). The present-day city of Kalamazoo developed at this site.

Bad Bird was identified as signing the US Treaty with the Potawatomi, of September 19, 1827, by which he ceded the Kalamazoo tract reserved for the Indian village to the U.S. He did not sign the 1828 Treaty with the Potawatomi, which ceded additional land in southwest Michigan to the U.S. He did sign the 1832 U.S. Treaty with the Potawatomi, which also ceded additional land in the area.

The Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online estimates that Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish (Bad Bird) was born about 1735 and died about 1805. It does not attest to his signing the treaties from 1821 to 1832 with the United States. The dates suggest that perhaps a younger man of the same name signed these treaties.

The federally recognized tribe in the United States known as the Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi (formerly known as the Gun Lake Band) is based in Dorr, Michigan in Allegan County. They renamed their tribe after this chief, as its members trace their descent from him and his wife.

title: Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish


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Billy Sherring

William John Sherring (September 18, 1877 – September 5, 1964) was a Canadian athlete of English and Irish descent, winner of the marathon race at the 1906 Olympic Games (later called "Intercalated Games").

During the decade of the early 1900s, Sherring, from Hamilton, Ontario was acknowledged to be a world class marathoner. He had won a second place behind a fellow countryman Jack Caffery at the Boston Marathon in 1900. He also had won the Hamilton Around the Bay Road Race on two occasions.

In 1906, Sherring – an athlete of St. Patrick's Athletic Club – was chosen to represent Canada in the Athens Olympic Games. However, it was left up to him, a working man with meager resources (he was a brakeman at the Grand Trunk Railway), to finance his journey to Athens. Sherring managed to collect an amount claimed to be between $45 and $90 (a clearly insufficient amount to travel to Athens), which he then bet on a horse named Cicely which won with good odds. He arrived to Athens seven weeks before the Olympic Games and started to work as a porter at the Athens railway station.

At the marathon race, the 45 kg Sherring proceeded at a steady pace, at one point a half-mile behind the leaders, before taking the lead at about the fifteen mile mark and finishing seven minutes before the next runner. Prince George of Greece ran the last 50 metres of the marathon alongside Sherring. Sherring received a live lamb and a statue of Athena as a reward. When he returned to Canada, Hamilton City Council awarded him $5000 and the City of Toronto awarded him a further $400. Baron Pierre de Coubertin wrote a letter to the Governor General of Canada, Albert Grey, protesting the gifts as inconsistent with the Olympic ideal of "sport for sport's sake." So far as is known, Sherring got to keep his money. The province of Ontario named two new townships in New Ontario (now part of Cochrane District) in honour of Sherring, Sherring twp and Marathon twp (not to be confused with Marathon, Ontario).

Upon his triumphant return from the marathon, Sherring quit athletics and worked as a customs officer in Hamilton until his retirement in 1942.

Sherring was inducted into the Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 1955.

After his death, his original claim-to-fame, the Around the Bay Road Race was renamed to the Billy Sherring Memorial Road Race, and Hamilton has since built a Billy Sherring Park to commemorate their most famous athlete.

Sherring is thought to have inspired the founders of Panathinaikos to adopt the shamrock as the Greek multi-sport club's official emblem in 1918.

title: Billy Sherring


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Lawrence v. Texas/archive1

Lawrence v. Texas
This has been nominated before, but was not selected as a featured article. I’ve made some edits, and it looks pretty good. Neutrality 04:42, 2 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * (Previous nomination: Featured_article_candidates/Archived_nominations.)

 * Approve - It was a great artilce before your refactor and it is even better now. --mav 01:27, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Acegikmo1 21:44, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * The public response should be noted as well - this one was international news. Are pictures possible? e.g. notable reaction from the public? - David Gerard 10:34, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Nice pics! Who is the other guy in the second pic? Garner? The public reaction and news quotes should be a section, that would cover public reaction reasonably easily. See Hutton Inquiry for an excellent example of media reaction coverage, though I'm not asking for something that good - David Gerard 22:48, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Er. The pics really need why they are fair use. At present there's just a link to the source and the assertion this is fair use - David Gerard 22:53, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Done, thanks. Neutrality 02:47, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Aaand the lawyer pic! - David Gerard 16:54, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I'll withdraw the 'public reactions' objection if you can source the lawyer pic - the pics tell that story nicely - David Gerard 16:58, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Fine by me - David Gerard 15:16, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Suporting for good measure. Ambivalenthysteria 15:52, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. I think the notes section is an excess of detail; could we trim this, and provide an external link instead? — Matt 16:48, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Not for a legal article it isn't. I consider your objection invalid. --mav 03:06, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Fair enough, but perhaps you could elaborate -- I'm not sure why the fact it's on a legal topic has any bearing. The notes section is longer than the history section, and doesn't really provide detail that would be of interest to the general reader; it seems to me that the article would be better off without it. — Matt 03:18, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Because it lists a lot of detail that would interrupt the flow of the text but still is necessary for reference (knowing just who wrote amicus briefs is important - the Notes section is no different than a complete list offered in any other article). --mav 03:35, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Long lists in articles that aren't central to the topic (but still useful for reference) are commonly split out into separate articles; perhaps that's an alternative? — Matt 03:54, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * That is only done when the list is overwhelming the article. That is not the case here. --mav 20:12, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text: Wikipedia:WikiProject Pharmacology/Photographs/M


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Rhino Times

The Rhino Times is a conservative news and opinion website covering Guilford County, North Carolina.

History
The website was founded by John Hammer. In the mid-80s Hammer worked the door of a bar in Greensboro called The Rhinoceros Club. One day the owner asked him to create a newsletter. One side would advertise bands coming to the bar while Hammer could put whatever he wanted on the other side. Hammer produced the newsletter until 1986.

Hammer founded the print newspaper The Rhinoceros Times in 1991. Another print edition was founded in Charlotte, North Carolina in 2002 and discontinued in 2008.

The primary newspaper went into hundreds of thousands dollars of debt and ceased publication in 2013, but it was bought by local real estate developer Roy Carroll and reopened later that year. It ceased print publication again in 2018 and became an online-only newspaper. In June 2024, Hammer retired and Carroll sold the website to longtime editor/writer Scott Yost.

Features
The newspaper features editorial columns by Greensboro-based science fiction and fantasy author Orson Scott Card and local investigative reporting by New York Times best-selling author Jerry Bledsoe.

The back page of the paper features a regular commentary article by editor John Hammer, "Under the Hammer". In the feature, Hammer is highly critical of President Barack Obama, referring almost exclusively to him as either "Barack Hussein Obama" or by his last name. Hammer also promotes conspiratorial and fringe theories that Obama is a "secret Muslim" and was not born in the United States.

Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoon
The newspaper published two of the controversial Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons in February, 2006.

Ku Klux Klan
In July 2009, the paper won a $25,000 judgement for punitive damages against an Arkansas-based Ku Klux Klan group and its leader Thomas Robb. The case was filed in 2006 when the paper alleged the Klan inserted its fliers into Times newspapers, which then went to customers. The Klan counter-sued for defamation, but lost. In addition to punitive damages, the paper reportedly received the nation's first permanent injunction against the KKK, barring them from using the paper to distribute their literature in the future.

Prisoner cartoon
In June 2011, a controversy was created when the Rhino Times published a cartoon by Geof Brooks that featured two African American men in orange prison jumpsuits, in the front yards of what appears to be two suburban homes. The first character states, "Geez! Dey builds a brand new jail wit' three squares [square meals] an' cable...", and the second character concludes, "And dey puts us on house arrest so's dey can pays for it!"

Editor John Hammer apologized in the next edition of the paper, claiming that the cartoonist had intended the prisoners to be caucasian; in his apology, Hammer did not address why the cartoon had been colorized as it was, nor the failure of the editors to catch the mistake. The Greensboro News & Record reported that Hammer called Guilford County Commissioners Chairman Melvin "Skip" Alston to apologize for the cartoon. Alston commented that he felt the cartoonist "might have had some racial intent".

Photography arrest story
In January 2015, Editor John Hammer published a story claiming two Irish tourists were accosted, treated roughly and arrested by Greensboro police while trying to take photos in the city's Bicentennial Garden. The story, including interviews with the couple and details of their arrest, was a fabrication. In response to controversy over the story, Hammer claimed the piece was intended as satire, though the publication did not in any way label it as such. In the next week's issue, Hammer apologized to readers for not clearly marking the piece as satire and "to the police for maligning them."

title: Rhino Times


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/Great Mosque of Djenne

Great Mosque of Djenne
Self-nomination, but it has undergone a peer review. The article is about the largest mud-brick building in the world and the most prominent icon of Mali. The article has four sections (including External links), four pictures, and is three pages long when printed. If it is selected as a featured article it would only be the second building to be selected. -JCarriker 02:58, Jun 29, 2004 (UTC)

an infringement Also if a site plan is included, it needs to be in a new section; it would be too distracting in any of the existing sections. -JCarriker 19:39, Jul 4, 2004 (UTC) necessary is consensus, and consensus does not mean that noone objects. — Matt 17:06, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. [[User:Meelar|Meelar (talk)]] 15:32, 29 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment. Peer review as in Peer review?  It is a lovely article.  My only complaint -- could someone create stubs for one or two of the red links on the first page of text?  +sj +  20:46, 29 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Peer review: No just a peer review, I asked three wikipedians to review the article. Redlinks: Done. -JCarriker 23:39, Jun 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Support Burgundavia 21:00, Jun 29, 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Wetman 01:33, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. One note: there must be some books written about this famous building. I'd like to see one or two of them listed as a reference in the article. Jeronimo 11:24, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. 172 11:54, 30 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment. Captions: The captions look good, though the passive verbs diminish their efficacy. -- ke4roh 16:11, Jun 30, 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. (And I think the passive verbs in the captions are good- they emphasise what the picture shows). Markalexander100 03:13, 1 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. Fascinating, well-written, well illustrated.    ALargeElk | Talk 14:33, 1 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. Great article. 1) Can we beef up the lead a little? In particular, could we have perhaps one sentence each on the history and the cultural significance of the Mosque? Currently it takes a page of reading into the article until you learn when in time it was built, which makes it harder to get a grasp of what the building's all about. 2) "The walls are between 41 cm (16 in.) and 61 cm (24 in.) thick. The wall thickness depends on the height of the walls: the taller the wall, the thicker the wall, and especially the base the wall has to be thick enough to support the wall's weight." -- too many instances of the word "wall". 3) It's quite tricky to get a feel for the layout of the place from the article at the moment; a diagram would be great for this. Something along the lines of or  would be ideal. -- Matt 16:15, 1 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Numbers 1 and 2 done. Markalexander100 01:26, 2 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * 3. Clearly marked links to those the diagrams have been added, under external links. -JCarriker 17:49, Jul 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Hmm...I'm going to continue to (reluctantly) object — a featured article shouldn't have any obvious gaps, and I think an article about a famous building should include some kind of layout / plan / diagram, in addition to photos. If they're located behind an external link, then it's not really the best of Wikipedia as such. Would it be worth contacting the Getty Trust about releasing their diagrams into the public domain or licensing them as GFDL? — Matt 15:53, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I e-mailed the Getty Trust in early June, seeking permission to use photos(not the cross-section or site plan), and they have yet to respond. Perhaps they did not recieve my e-mail, however others I e-mailed at that time did. It certainly wouldn't hurt if you contacted them again. However, the only other building that is Featured is the Parthenon and it does not have a cross section or a site plan. I think it would also be difficult to include a cross-section or site plan with labels in the article at a readable size that would not be distracting. Including a cross-section really isn't pragmatic; when minimized the appear as nothing more than a vague connection of dots. I can make a grayscale and labless (the usual style) site plan using the Getty image. I'm would not make an exact copy, I would not go into the detail about the raised platform they do to increase clarity for when the image is reduced as well as aviding a copyright infringement; although I fear that may not be enoguh to avoid
 * Not all images have to be reduced to thumbnail size, especially if they are a key diagram; check out Traditional counties of England. It would be great if you were willing to make a diagram. — Matt 08:28, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I really think it's asking too much to demand a cross-section/plan.  Effectively that means that no building will ever be a featured article, which would do no good at all. Yes it would be nice to have, but I realistically this is as good as we can get (and it's pretty good). Markalexander100 05:30, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I don't think that "no building will ever be a featured article"; it's not that difficult to produce figures and diagrams. (Note also that my objection doesn't necessarily mean the article will not be featured.) I agree that this article is pretty good, but I object because I see an obvious way that it could be better. — Matt 08:28, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, if you object we probably don't have a consensus.  A featured doesn't have to be as perfect as it could possibly be ever; just good enough.  I'd be sad to see this one not make it.  Markalexander100 08:56, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Consensus doesn't mean unanimity; this article has a lot of support. I agree that a featured article doesn't have to be the (legendary) perfect article, but I don't think we should feature articles either with obvious flaws or with obvious omissions. — Matt 09:09, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * After further review, I beleive my proposal would infact be a copyright violation. Since the Getty images are the only ones on the net, I sincerly doubt that the objection is actionable. I hope you will consider withdrawing it. If you are able to secure an image, it would be too distracting to add a huge site plan to the article; it would need to be minimized or not present in the article at all. -JCarriker 14:10, Jul 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Why would a (medium-sized) site-plan / diagram distract from the article? I'd certainly find it useful when reading the description of the building, because on its own I couldn't grasp the layout; a large image helped in the "counties" example mentioned above. Also, is it really a copyvio if you create an original diagram of a real building, regardless of how you learned the information? Clearly, you couldn't simply duplicate the Getty diagram, but that's not necessary. IANAL, but I'd be surprised if this is a legal problem here. Finally, the objection is "actionable" because it is A) specific and B) something can be done to "fix" the problem — someone could create their own diagram; just because the information on the Internet is limited (although I think it is sufficient), doesn't mean that there's nothing that can be done. — Matt 14:29, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm not willing to take the risk of a copy vio, I personally can't afford a litigation and I don't want to burden wikipedia with another court battle. If you are confident enough to take the risk, then by all means proceed. If you are not, then please withdraw your objection. If this is not resolved the articel would not be featured, and that would be most unfortunate. -JCarriker 04:39, Jul 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * What's your copyvio fear? Also, you say, "If this is not resolved the article would not be featured" — as it stands (9/10 support), it is very likely to get promoted. It is perfectly acceptable for me to object even if I'm unable (or unwilling) to fix the cause of the objection myself. Just out of interest, you say "another court battle"; how many court battles is Wikipedia embroiled in? — Matt 14:04, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * That a site plan utilizing the Getty image will be similar enough to it's source illiciate a suit. Wikipedia is envolved in sevaral court cases or threats there of; most notably in some sort of dibacle involving IBM and our software. (It's been a few weeks since I saw it so it may be sketchy). It is certainly acceptable for you to object even if you don't have the means to resolve your objection; it is not if you are simply unwilling. However, articles with unresolved objections are removed from the candidate list: If enough time passes (approximately two weeks) without objections being resolved an article may be removed from the candidates list.. Your objection will kill the article's chance of becoming featured if it is not resolved, regardless of your circumstances. -JCarriker 16:16, Jul 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) I think a site plan could be made using the information obtained from the Getty images and the photographs that wouldn't constitute a copyright violation. If I created a list of countries and their capitals with information obtained from some copyrighted almanac, it wouldn't be a copyvio unless the articles were overly similar. You can't copyright knowledge, just an particular expression of that knowledge. Two site plans are always going to be similar 2) What's to stop me objecting even if I'm unwilling to fix the objection myself? We're nominating and selecting articles for Featured Article status, so a person either agrees or disagrees as to whether an article is suitable, and expresses their opinion accordingly. "Actionable" doesn't mean that the objector must fix it or else back down, just that something can be done. 3) You are mistaken about "killing the article's chances" — articles are promoted with continuing objections; a recent example is Laika. All that's
 * Support [[User:Sverdrup|❝Sverdrup❞ ]] 14:06, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support Avala 19:24, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Opium of the people

Explanation
is the explanation of the quote strictly neccessary? It doesn't seem so to me. Locriani 21:48, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

"One frequently hears that this statement was a blanket condemnation of religion. In fact, the opposite is closer to the truth" - How, exactly?

I'd like to hear how also, since it can certainly be argued that most communist regimes have interpreted it as a blanket condemnation of religion.

"The soul of the soulless" doesn't sound critical, byt "illusary happiness" does.

"The soul of soulless conditions", religion is the soul, the guiding part, of "soulless" conditions, capitalism, feudalism and their ilk. Either he's saying that, or else Marx means that religion brings the soul to those. It could be taken either way, I'm not really sure, though I lean to and prefer the former. Curufinwe 18:54, 17 Jun 2005 (UTC)

As a quote, this page should be transwiki'ed to wikiquote. Alternatively, shouldn't it be redirected to religion. Feco 04:08, 20 Jun 2005 (UTC)

It's a quote right now, but I'd prefer it to develop into more then just that. There's a fair bit more that could be said. Curufinwe 04:33, Jun 20, 2005 (UTC)

A cursory look through some of Marx's writings, such as "Introduction to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law and Critique of Religion," will prove that Marx was an atheist. While I realise that the volumes of clear statements written by Marx on the subject (one of which, I believe, is this one) hold no direct bearing on the meaning of this quote, I find it hard to believe that Marx would repeatedly denounce religion as a method of "enslaving" humanity, and then say something that was "in fact, the opposite" of a "blanket condemnation of religion." AkulaAlfa 22:11, Jul 04, 2005 (UTC)

Move to wikiquote. If there's something to be said about Marx and religion, it belongs at Karl Marx. Rd232 22:04, 19 August 2005 (UTC)

Since this is a discussion of the quote, rather than a simple statement of it, it seems to belong in wikipedia (wikiquote doesn't usually discuss meaning). As for the interpretation given, it is, as I understand it, the standard interpretation of that passage in A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. In general, Marx was critical of religion (and himself an atheist), but, just as there can be a Communist (or Marxist) ideology (a topic Marx was even more critical of), a Marxist "religion" could, perhaps, be imagined. The key point for understanding Marx is his tactic of "historical materialism", refering to the immediate causes of lived reality, and it is in this context that the quote must be understood. In other words, the quote, while critical of religion as it was used at the time cannot be read as a blanket condemnation of religion (except in the case that it continues to be used as an opiate for des Volkes).

In fact, none of Marxist theory can really be read as a "blanket condemnation" except as a blanket condemnation of a specific functioning (thus, Hegel's "ideology" or "historical idealism" is critiquable as a form of false consciousness, not as in and of itself "wrong" -- of course, anything which gives rise to false consciousness is "wrong", but only in so far as it gives rise to a false view). Hence, there is, perhaps oddly, no contradiction in claiming that Marx, for all his denounciation of religion was not essentially anti-religious (even if it is hard to see what a Marxist religion might look like). Ig0774 20:27, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

Regardless, if any "authority", such as this page, is to make a statement about Marx's thoughts or writings on religion they would be in error to claim that Marx expressed any significant advocacy of religion. One could claim that Marx wasn't strictly anti-religious, and it could be an interesting argument; however, the purpose of this encyclopedia doesn't seem to be the glorification of alternative interpretations over those with more credibility. Perhaps this is ignorance speaking, but it seems that it takes a stretch to read this quote without getting some general condemnation of religion out of it. It seems silly to say this may be pro-religious at all. I fail to see why Marx should be considered such a post-modernist; he did make some blanket declarations, especially with regards to workers' rights, no? --151.118.32.9 01:22, 20 March 2006 (UTC)

I always thought the translation was 'opiate of the massess'. The key element of Marx's philosophy is class divisions. 'of the people' seems to lack an important class distinction - rich 'people' use opium to take solace from the horrors of life, poor 'people' have religeon, both may be religeous but the function for the diferent classes is diferent. I've no idea where I got this translation from but translation is a bit of a nebulous thing as the meanings of words changes over time. --Aach

 * I think that "the people" (different from "people") has the same populist/socialist connotations as "the masses". However, I totally agree that some mention of "the opiate of the masses" translation should be made.  See my comment below, under Rename to Opiate of the masses.  MagnesianPhoenix (talk) 09:14, 15 November 2007 (UTC) [signed retroactively]

I agree that it is a major stretch to attempt to argue that this statement is not anti-religious. Even based on the meaning of "opium" back in the 19th century, the statement is still negative towards religion. Whether opium was illegal or not at the time, or in a particular place, means nothing. Opium has long since been known to be an addictive substance which caused many negative effects on mankind and society in general (as it did in China). This is why so many countries formally banned opium into its territories in the first place. Marx knew this. It was common knowledge in his day, especially for an intellectual as he. The article currently states the 19th century meaning of opium as a painkiller, opium wars, baby doping, and hallucination. Of course, Marx could have easily meant religion was a pain killer to reality, since it prevented the proletariat from rising up against the bourgeoisie in this life instead of waiting for "justice" in the afterlife. The opium wars were not some abstract social problems but were directly related to the opium's ill effects on societies; the fact is the wars were about opium and its ill effects on society, hence the name... Marx could have also used the term as "baby doping" since this is what he believed religion did to people, which gets the proletariat so "doped" up that they are apathetic to society and therefore do not rise up against the bourgeoisie. Finally, Marx could have also been referring to the opium's hullucination effects on the proletariat, which also distract them from the "injustices" of the bourgeoisie. Marx seen "opium" as a tool being used by the bourgeoisie to hold the proletariat down. It is disgusting to see socialists attempt to twist this quote into something positive about religion... And I am sorry for those who could actually believe that. Gaytan 20:07, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

For the record, I am a Socialist, and the vast majority of us know better. It is "Christian Socialists" who mostly buy that nonsense, and they are, as you would imagine, a fringe. 76.71.89.241 (talk) 05:29, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

How about a short summary of McKinnon's work on the subject? Why mention it without any summary? I don't have access to it, and i am not paying for it. Gaytan 20:17, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Just a minor point - when I read the quote in context, merely making the opium comparison is not a blanket statement about religion being universally useless. It is rather that what religion does (a positive attribute), can be better done by other means once one rejects religious dogmatism through critical thinking.. I'm a bit confused why the "shake off the chain and cull the living flower" sentence is missing, because I feel the next pararagraph is needed to understand this quote.8DX 22:52 18/04/2011 GMT+1

 * What even Marx's followers generally don't seem to understand is that his writings, like that of any serious scholar, are intended to be descriptive ("in capitalism, workers/employees are alienated from their humanity"; "religion acts as a painkiller, but is also mind-numbing") and predictive ("capitalism will eventually disappear"), not prescriptive ("overthrow the capitalists!"; "ban religion!"), because scientists (Marx could be said to be a social scientist) are expected to keep research and their personal opinions apart (although their personal opinions will certainly motivate, and to some extent, inform, their research, they should never bias its results, and they should not engage in open activism within their scholarly writing – science is the quest for truth, not politics). Criticism of religion is not a call for religion to be banned (which implies violence); "to criticise" doesn't mean "to hate on", "to fight", "to persecute" or "to oppress". (I'm reminded of how various prominent Nazis were once categorized as "critics of Judaism" on Wikipedia.)
 * Note that Marx wrote "The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is the demand for their real happiness. To call on them to give up their illusions about their condition is to call on them to give up a condition that requires illusions", not "religion must be abolished". But this nuance is lost on almost everyone. Even if his view of religion was purely negative, the way he phrased his criticism of religion indicates that he would not have agreed with the enforced state atheism in Leninist states, especially not before the conditions that drew people towards religion were improved, because he saw the purpose of religion and its immediate (but not long-term) beneficial effects. He recognised that religion has social causes, so he certainly thought that abolishing religion without first addressing these causes is senseless and counterproductive. He could be opposed to religion while still acknowledging its purposes and disagreeing with a ban. In short, he thought that religion is the wrong answer to the right question. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 18:08, 30 December 2017 (UTC)

Rename to spectacle is the Opiate of the masses
"Opiate of the masses" seems to be the more prevalent translation of this quote. It also gets more google hits. --  Миборовский  20:11, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. --Ptcamn 14:49, 5 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I disagree. "Opiate of the masses" may be more prevalent but is misleading. The German term "das Volk" means "the people", there is no interpretation of "das Volk" in German that comes close to "the masses". It would be plain wrong to give WP readers the impression that this quote was meant to describe anything else but a criticism of religion in society as a whole, not its affect on any lower class which is sometimes referred to as "the masses". -- Johnny w  talk  15:38, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

 * It should be translated directly. Any interpretations regarding the word usage can then be made by the reader. VietGrant 18:37, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

 * "Das Volk" can certainly be translated as "the masses" in English. If you think that "das Volk" does not have this connotation in German, your German is not as good as you think.
 * Opium was used by the bourgeoisie to numb feelings and escape reality, while Marx's argument was that religion fulfilled an analogous purpose to the working class. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 18:23, 30 December 2017 (UTC)

 * At the same time the word "Massen" exists in German, if that's what he meant why didn't he use that? Historian932 (talk) 03:19, 20 June 2021 (UTC)

volks translates to "the people" in german, for example volkswagon traslates to "the people's car" —Preceding unsigned comment added by Viper16 (talk • contribs)

 * There's no such thing as "translated directly"; if a word in English and a word in German have *exactly* the same connotations and usages, it's the exception, and not the rule. Even if two words come from the same root, their usages have evolved separately and they may not have the same meaning at all anymore, let alone the fine points we're discussing here.  Translation is an art, not a science. --Galaxiaad 18:14, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Complete "false friends" are relatively rare (although connotations often differ), but in this case opium = Opium and opiate = Opiat. Historian932 (talk) 03:20, 20 June 2021 (UTC)

 * I recently encountered a place on Wikipedia where someone had changed "opiate of the masses" to "Opium of the people", typing in the edit summary that he or she had "corrected a missquote [sic]". Allow me to point out that the only reason this quotation has a Wikipedia entry and not just some measly appearance at the bottom of Marx's Wikiquote page is that it is *famous*.  It is famous because people say it a lot, and they usually say it, "Religion is the opiate of the masses."  The word Jehovah was a flat-out mistake, but that doesn't mean there isn't a Wikipedia article on it - it has the cultural significance of being the name of God for millions of people.  The alternate (perhaps original) translation "opiate of the masses" is an important piece of information for English-speakers, and should appear prominently in the article even if the title is not changed.  MagnesianPhoenix (talk) 09:14, 15 November 2007 (UTC) [signed retroactively]

in what way are the "people" not the "masses"? the only difference is that the latter might have more of a political slant, but then Marx was political Gladstone

 * I agree that "masses" is better, but at this point I don't think it should be renamed.

 * No offense since I know everyone is trying to help, but frankly those who don't have some kind of bilingual credentials have no dog in this race, and have no business making comments about what the translation of das Volk is. There's no such thing as a "direct translation" and all translation is contextual. Just having a dictionary or online translator won't help you, I'm afraid, unless you have a decent command of German language, history, and culture.

 * A flavor of what this "no direct translation" is like for those who haven't experienced it, is the translation of the title of Proust's famous novel À la recherche du temps perdu from the French. My cohort remembers this in English as "Remembrance of Things Past".  But an alternative translation that has gained a lot of currency since the 90s is "In Search of Lost Time".  What??--you may say--you've got to be kidding, those two don't mean at all the same thing!  Well, you're right, but a knowledge of French will lead you to believe that both titles are justifiably correct, though you may come down on one side or the other of the argument based on numerous factors translators have to consider with every sentence they translate.  Such are the pitfalls of translation--just imagine if you can't even get the title right, how are you going to translate the whole book (seven volumes)?  (For an entertaining discussion/argument on which title to use for the English wikipedia article about the novel, see its Talk page.) This is why no two translations are ever identical, and why there's really no such thing as a "correct" translation for the most part.

 * I can't, obviously, read the mind of the professional translator who came up with "masses" instead of "people" as the translation of das Volk in Marx's quotation but to my way of thinking reading the original German in context, "masses" was the right choice here. Precisely because words in two different languages are never exactly equivalent, you need to know the context and have some background in the language, the culture, and the topic at hand to make the right word choice in the target language.

 * This is true even when a word has no particular emotional baggage associated with it, but especially so when a word winds through a language for twelve centuries, embodies core values, and is used often by major political figures and other luminaries. A German translator would have to choose carefully and consider context, when translating an American original containing words or phrases like freedom, liberty, protected speech, integration, right to life, or any phrase having meaning beyond what the dictionary would tell you. The same is true of das Volk, which has a bit of the feeling of "nation"--like in Cherokee Nation, Latino Nation, something like that--that kind of "people", and simultaneously the idea of "masses" in the sense of Volkswagen, the car for everybody, the car for the common people, the masses, or like Henry Wallace's phrase "Century for the Comman Man". But "car for the masses" sounds funny in English referring to a consumer product, and I bet they thought long and hard before deciding not to translate it at all for the American market, probably deciding both that "People's car" just doesn't work in English (sounds vaguely politically extremist in America) and "Car for the masses" sounds silly and extremist. (As opposed to the Renault 5, marketed as "Le Car" in America.) Either the VW execs just gave up, or some genius decided leaving it in German would make it sound different and stand out. So they didn't translate it at all. Maybe Marx's original translator should've just written, Religion is the opium of Das Volk and expected people to get it, but s/he didn't, so here we are. More about the subtleties of the word in Volk on German wikipedia.

 * Having said all that, sometimes translated expressions become known and entrenched, and I may be wrong but it seems like "opium of the people" (or "opiate"--yet another fun discussion about translation) might be one of those (what do others think?). Because of that, even though I favor "opium of the masses" as the best translation in context, I'm not in favor of changing the current title of the article. Otoh, if it is not changed, I agree with MagnesianPhoenix's comment that "opiate of the masses" should be prominently featured somewhere in it.
 * Mathglot (talk) 18:48, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

Burgeoisie and Proletariat
I agree that Marx's famous quote is often taken out of context to serve a certain point, but is it really appropriate to say that it's a complete misinterpretation of this statement to view it as a description of religion as a means of control? Marx viewed human history in terms of class struggles, and the work from which this quote was taken was published during the Opium Wars. He says religion is the "sigh of the oppressed creature..." Well, who's doing the oppressing? I understand him essentially to be saying that religion is self-medication for social and economic ills, but that doesn't mean that the ruling class can't benefit from being pushers of religion at the expense of the lower classes, as the British were pushing opium for profit in China at about the time this was written, without regard to the best interests of the Chinese people. Also, why does the quote chosen to illustrate this "misinterpretation" begin right after that phrase, "sigh of the oppressed creature," even though it's an equally weighted part of the same sentence? Someone obviously wanted to avoid the word "oppressed." —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.22.118.87 (talk • contribs).
 * Imho, you have to see the quote in its entirety and in context with Feuerbachs analysis of the of religion in society. Try the very interesting short resume at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philsophy: . It says "Marx's explanation, of course, is that religion is a response to alienation in material life, and cannot be removed until human material life is emancipated, at which point religion will wither away." Marx _does_ emphasize the role of the proletariat in the revolution, but he refers to religion being the opiate of an entire society and not a single class. Maybe we should include this part of the story to clarify? Best regards -- Johnny w  talk  00:15, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Concerning unsigned's comment I do believe that it is necessary to point out that he did not directly mean that religion was a way to control the people. I have seen misquotations where Marx calls religion "opium for the people" strongly suggesting that someone was puching it to them for a purpose. When seen in its context it is obvious that that is not what he meant. One of the duties of an encyclopedia is to weed out misunderstandings such as this. -Sensemaker —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Sensemaker (talk • contribs).

 * The duty of Wikipedia, on the other hand, is to accurately report what has been said, with citations. This isn't a place to promote our theories of how to interpret the quote, but rather to describe how existing authorities in the field have interpreted it. Does this article currently summarize what mainstream Marxian theory would give as the quote's interpretation, along with significant alternative/dissenting views? I'm not sure, but it's questionable imo. --Delirium 21:56, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Alternate interpretation
This is a possible interpretation of the phrase, however at the moment it is my own. If you can find someone with a similar theory and give a citation, please do. I believe that Marx is referring to opium as what is essentially an empty, false sense of happiness or pleasure, and the following reference to happiness makes it rather obvious to me. The other cases pale in comparison. - Cyborg Ninja (talk) 02:04, 1 July 2008 (UTC)

 * While this is completely out of the scope of the talk page, I would like to dismiss that theory as logically, there is no 'false' happiness or pleasure. Happiness is happiness, pleasure is pleasure. The issue I suppose is about how one gets there, but don't consider that just because gathering it one form (religion) isn't a (from my view) desireable way to attain happiness, it's still the same chemicals being released into the receptors in your brain, all the same. No more, no less. People are simple creatures, remember. Anyhow, enough of my bable. 99.173.63.46 (talk) 19:32, 12 November 2008 (UTC)
 * But Marx explicitly contrasts "illusory happiness" with "real happiness". --Florian Blaschke (talk) 18:19, 30 December 2017 (UTC)

Misinterpretation
I thought the quote referred to 'opium of the people' or 'opium of the masses' not 'opiate' I can't see how they got this from this quote; "Die Religion ... ist das Opium des Volkes". Fiendishfish (talk) 20:53, 22 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I've seen the English translation "opiate" be used before, although I agree that "opium" is more in-line with the original German and, to the best of my knowledge, all English translations of Marx's A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right . However, as with the famous phrase Proletarier aller Länder vereinigt Euch!, ("Proletarians of all countries, unite!", "Working men of all countries, unite!", "Workers of the world, unite!", etc.) there may be several English translations.– Zumoarirodoka (talk) 11:24, 14 February 2015 (UTC)

Original idea by german author Novalis?
I heard that version several times but never properly checked that though. I mean I don't know when and where it happened (if it did) but some people ascribe a phrase 'Your so-called religion is like opium: it transforms and deadens the pain, instead of giving the strength' to that author. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.218.188.179 (talk) 14:57, 13 January 2009 (UTC)

 * A guy from German Wikipedia found this http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/?id=5&xid=4815&kapitel=1#gb_found the exact source of the quotation there 'Ihre sogenannte Religion wirkt bloß wie ein Opiat: reizend, betäubend, Schmerzen aus Schwäche stillend. I think someone should add that to the article. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.46.186.196 (talk) 13:17, 16 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Dead link above; try: this one from books.google.de for Novalis quote. Mathglot (talk) 01:44, 17 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Added a Novalis section. Mathglot (talk) 18:49, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

Marx's "opium of the people" vs Lenin's "opium for the people"
This important distinction between the views of Marx (religion is created by the believers to be able to endure bad living conditions) vs. those of Lenin (religion is created by ruling class to enable them to suppress the ruled) should be mentioned and explained. -- 20:57, 19 January 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.230.0.88 (talk)

"Opium for the people" – is wide-known in Russian variant of Marx's "opium of the people". Author of this variant was not Lenin, but prominent soviet writers Ilya Ilf and Eugene (Evgeny) Petrov (novel «12 chairs»). Lenin in his article «Socialism and Religion» repeated Marx's "opium of the people". But in russian "Opium for the people" is more close to common people's speach and more plain phonetically, so it became popular.

Sorry for my English.

AdmiralHood (talk) 12:13, 24 November 2010 (UTC)

Ambiguity of Opium Link/reference dead
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_of_the_people#Ambiguity_of_.22opium.22

Should this section be removed entirely or properly cited? The link is dead, so there is, in effect, no citation for this section. —Preceding unsigned comment added by KronosEnFire (talk • contribs) 15:39, 20 February 2009 (UTC)

Religion as a Stupefier
I read somewhere that the context of opium & religion had to do with it's effect of stupefication. [See this quote,] and Google, "Opiate of the masses" + stupify or stupefy. I'd edit the article but am not good at it, thx! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.0.135.137 (talk) 19:00, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

Irrelevant quotations removed
Not every quote about religion or opium in the last century-plus since Marx penned his comment, is relevant to this article. Notable quotes by famous people will inevitably have thousands and thousands of later authors, great and small, who make comments about the original. They don't all have to be included here.

Here are two that aren't relevant:
 * Guy Debord's marketing quote from 1967
 * Czesław Miłosz's 1998 book

This 1967 quote from Guy Debord, which doesn't even have the word religion in it, is completely irrelevant to this article.

Guy Debord

In The Society of the Spectacle, published in 1967, Guy Debord parallels the Marxist conception of religion as opiate with that of marketing:

The spectacle is a permanent opium war which aims to make people identify goods with commodities and satisfaction with survival that increases according to its own laws. But if consumable survival is something which must always increase, this is because it continues to contain privation. If there is nothing beyond increasing survival, if there is no point where it might stop growing, this is not because it is beyond privation, but because it is enriched privation.<ref>Guy Debord. "The Society of the Spectacle"</ref> Those authors such as Novalis and deSade who had similar quotations prior to the one we're most familiar with, i.e. Marx's, are certainly worth inclusion here. Whether Lenin's quote is worth including is debatable, clearly he's in a direct line from Marx with respect to his political philosophy, so perhaps his later quote should remain. Mathglot (talk) 20:32, 20 December 2011 (UTC)

And the other one, from 1998:

 Czesław Miłosz  Nobel laureate Czesław Miłosz, in an essay entitled “The Discreet Charm of Nihilism”, argues that in order to escape from an eternal fate in which our sins are punished, man seeks to free himself from religion. “A true opium of the people is a belief in nothingness after death—the huge solace of thinking that for our betrayals, greed, cowardice, murders, we are not going to be judged.”<ref></ref> Mathglot (talk) 21:44, 20 December 2011 (UTC)

This page seems a bit sparse.
Currently, most of the page is devoted to a laundry-list of every place the phrase (or one similar to it) was used. Although tracing its origins is probably important, it should be done using secondary sources analyzing these (and especially commenting on whether Marx was drawing on or referencing any of them in particular, or some such thing.) There's probably a bit more that can be said about the quote than just its history, too. --Aquillion (talk) 17:05, 28 November 2014 (UTC)

 * I agree. Some major re-writing of this article is needed. – Zumoarirodoka (talk) 15:31, 13 February 2015 (UTC)

Quote farming
I have added the quotefarm template as per WP:QUOTEFARM – the quotations seem to dominate the article, as it is. – Zumoarirodoka (talk) 15:31, 13 February 2015 (UTC)

 * I have removed the tag as nothing has been done for nearly two years. Any editor interested in improving the article can take note of what is mentioned here on the talk page. 82.4.168.57 (talk) 09:02, 14 January 2017 (UTC)

Fixed the meaning section.
In the meaning it read "Christians disagree with Marx's belief that religion is opposed to or distracts religious adherents from promoting social justice.[5]"

The source then provides a Mark Woods article in Christian Today.

So I changed it to "Mark Woods disagree with Marx's belief that religion is opposed to or distracts religious adherents from promoting social justice.[5]" until someone can provide a source for which Mark Woods speak on behalf of the entirety of the Christian religion.

I hope that's cool. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.227.83.117 (talk) 22:04, 25 February 2017 (UTC)

Where is the full text of this quote?
Where is the full text of this quote, it should be prominently as #1 in the search results Onlyforwikiapps (talk) 07:32, 12 October 2021 (UTC)

Marxism is not structural functionalism,
All the sources cited under this claim are far too general, none of them directly address this claim. 5.56.148.195 (talk) 13:45, 14 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Opium of the people


text:
Bobby Hill (baseball)

William Robert Hill (born April 3, 1978) is an American former professional baseball infielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs and Pittsburgh Pirates.

Hill attended the University of Miami, where he played baseball, and was then drafted by the Chicago Cubs. In 2000, before playing for the Cubs organization, he played for the Newark Bears in the independent Atlantic League. He hit .326 with 13 home runs and 82 RBI. He also stole a team record 81 bases and walked a league record 101 times in 132 games.

When Hill reached the major leagues with the Cubs, he was assigned the number 17, becoming the first player to wear the number since Mark Grace, who had worn it from 1988 through 2000 with Chicago.

Hill was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates as the centerpiece of the Aramis Ramírez trade in August 2003. With Pittsburgh in 2004, he hit .266 with two home runs and 27 RBI in a part-time role. He spent much of 2005 in Triple-A and was dealt to the San Diego Padres on November 21, 2005, for a player to be named later. Hill spent the 2006 season with the Triple-A Portland Beavers. Hill signed with the Newark Bears of the Atlantic League in February 2008, eight years after he began his professional career there. He hit .238 in 100 games. Hill played 24 games for the Bears in 2009. He signed with the Chico Outlaws of the Golden Baseball League for the 2010 season.

In March 2011, Hill was inducted into the University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame. From 2012 to 2014, Hill was head baseball coach at Los Gatos High School in Los Gatos, California, before becoming head coach at Mission College in Santa Clara in 2015. He has since taken over the role as the head coach at West Valley College.

title: Bobby Hill (baseball)


text:
Talk:Giant (1956 film)

A Train Blooper
The Lynnton farm is ostensibly in Maryland, yet the film shows "Bick" Benedict debarking from a train in Chesapeake & Ohio (C&O) Railroad livery. The C&O provided no service anywhere in Maryland. Historic railroads that provided service to parts of Maryland with horse farms included the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, of which the Metropolitan Subdivision served Montgomery County, including the community of Potomac, and the Old Mainline served areas of Howard and Frederick County; the Western Maryland, which served communities northwest of Baltimore where some horse farms were found; and the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), which served parts of Prince Georges County where horse farms are found. In addition, the PRR (or subsidiary lines) served the DELMARVA Penninsula, to include parts of Maryland where horse farms existed. A Texan such as "Bick" would probably have found his way to New Orleans, then taken Southern Railways' famous Crescent to Union Station in Washington, DC, where he could transfer to either the B&O or the PRR. The PRR could have taken him to Penn Station in Baltimore, where he could transfer to the Western Maryland. Note that there is an Ardmore in Maryland, but it is a part of Prince Georges County close to DC where no horse farms are found. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.108.22.197 (talk) 20:38, 11 January 2012 (UTC)

The late looping
Hi,

I would just like to know the reasons why Nick Adams did the voice-over for James Dean in Giant.

Thanks.

According to Ferber: A Biography by Julie Goldsmith Gilbert (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1978):

 * Dean never completed his work in Giant. His scenes on camera were in the can, but since one in particular was inaudible, he was scheduled to come back for looping — a postproduction technique that involves dubbing in clarified dialogue to match the picture. Dean was not available to do this for one of his key scenes [because he was killed before he could come back for looping]. It was the banquet speech, where Jett Rink was supposed to be just at the edge of falling down drunk; Dean took it to heart, and although visually he was splendid, he fell down verbally. George Stevens and William Hornbeck, the film editor, recruited Dean's former roommate and best friend, a young actor named Nick Adams, to complete the vocal role of Jett Rink. Adams, by stuffing his cheeks with wads of gum, assimilated a clearer version of Dean's slur. The result of the necessary trick was perfect, went completely undetected, and, in fact, the scene was cited as one of Dean's best. Eerily, Nick Adams died several years later in the same self-destructive way as his friend, Dean. That tiny portion of film is known as the late looping.
 * (147-148)

Hope this helps. However, if you're wondering why Nick Adams was chosen to do the voiceover after Dean was killed, I don't know. Maybe it was because Nick Adams was an ambitious young actor (and friend of Dean) who could do a good Dean impersonation. I suspect that Adams might have suggested himself to Stevens and Hornbeck to do the voiceover — but I don't know for sure.

By the way, please be sure to sign your posts in the talk sections of entries by putting four tildes (this sign ~ ) in a row. Many thanks.

— Diamantina 23:25, 27 November 2005 (UTC)

Has anyone else noted the plot similarity between Giant (a great film) and the old TV drama Dallas? Larry Hagman's charater is known as JR, like Dean's, and the general feeling given by the tv show, regarding cattle and oil in Texas is also similar to the film. South Fork (the Dallas house) seems to have had a similar problem with the hot dusty winds. I noticed these comparisons only after seeing Giant on TCM recently and now feel that credit should have been given to the film by the TV show.82.19.51.34 (talk) 15:00, 2 March 2009 (UTC).

I wonder if anyone has a photo from the segment from the movie where the Texas flag at the ranch is tacked up on the wall upside down!!! I always thought this was a great metaphor for how little the movie has to do with the real Texas.PGNormand (talk) 02:45, 24 May 2009 (UTC)
 * As for the voiceover, I remember reading somewhere that Nick Adams could do a great impersonation of James Dean. Hope that helps somewhat.  2602:306:CEDF:1580:E535:6EB9:49E1:4C46 (talk) 08:36, 22 July 2012 (UTC)

Reception
"The film received an extremely positive response from critics, receiving a 97% rating on Rotten Tomatoes."

Cool! I never knew that Rotten Tomatoes existed back then! Seriously though, we need reviews from 1956, not retrospective reviews from modern critics. 142.167.191.101 (talk) 23:18, 26 March 2011 (UTC)

Western?
The lead, or opening, paragraph begins: "Giant is a 1956 American epic Western drama film". Western? While this film is mostly set in Texas and has a couple of people riding horses, and the main home is on a very large ranch with (barely seen)cattle, this film is a mostly contemporary film(for the time of it's release), apparently set in the time period from about 1920 to mid 1950's. A "Western" film is generally accepted to be set in the period from about 1840 to the late 1890s and maybe into the first decade of the 1900s, but definitely *not* the 1950s! Also, a typical "Western" deals with themes, events, and situations that simply aren't present in this film.Gcronau (talk) 05:10, 19 July 2019 (UTC)

External links modified
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Title
What's the meaning of the title? Who is the giant? Thanks, Maikel (talk) 13:39, 1 February 2022 (UTC)

 * Not having read the book, I don't know the actual answer but I think we can guess that it refers to Bick as both a bigger-than-life personality/force, which he was, and his actual physical height. It is notable that in many scenes Rock Hudson is a whole head taller than anyone else in a crowded room (for example, at Lacey's wedding). 2601:602:B83:1FF0:9837:D4A9:83B1:3C8E (talk) 11:43, 20 June 2023 (UTC)

Fran Bennett
I think we are linking to the wrong Fran Bennett in the film. The Fran Bennett of this film doesn't have a wiki page (as far as I know).Rja13ww33 (talk) 01:21, 29 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Giant (1956 film)


text: Wikipedia:WikiProject Pharmacology/Photographs/F


text:
Wikipedia:Featured article candidates/City status in the United Kingdom/archive1

City status in the United Kingdom
Self nomination. This isn't just a list of cities, it contains background info about the peculiar definition of cities in the UK, the various statuses the cities have, etc. Morwen - Talk 21:52, 2 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Good article, but a list is an almanac article while the prose in that article is encyclopedic (only one part of the article is a list!). I suggest renaming the article to City status in the United Kingdom so that readers know to expect to find an article on the topic instead of just a list (if and when the list on that page gets too long, then it can be spun off onto its own page). The lead section needs some expansion as well as the 'City councils' section. Also, the article on the whole also seems a bit short. So until then, I regretfully oppose. --mav 01:10, 3 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I *strongly* agree with Mav's suggestion. →Raul654 06:03, Jul 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * Moved it, started to expand bits. Not really suitable yet.  Morwen - Talk 17:58, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * How does it look now? Morwen - Talk 22:00, 4 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. It's a really good article; my only comment would be that there's a very cursory mention to the title "Rt Hon", yet it doesn't say anything about whether or not these titleholders are members of the Privy Council and, if so, whether or not it is ex officio, by virtue of being the Lord Mayor of the relevant city (which I guess in some cases it is). I don't think fixing that is necessarily a prerequisite for FA status, though. — OwenBlacker 11:04, Jul 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Done. I think I will add a bit about the former cities of the UK too - ie the ones now in the Republic of Ireland.  Morwen - Talk 13:24, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Oppose In re "The Right Honourable"; I would like to ask that the sentence Six of these Lord Mayors and two of the Lord Provosts are styled "The Right Honourable" instead of "The Right Worshipful" - though they are not members of the Privy Council which this style usually indicates be rephrased, as it is now rather confusing. The new passage could indicate:
 * That Lord Mayors generally use "The Right Worshipful,"
 * That some Lord Mayors use "The Right Honourable" though not Privy Counsellors,
 * That either style is applied to the office, not to the personal name (as in "The Right Honourable The Lord Mayor of X" rather than "The Right Honourable John Smith," etc.),
 * That only Privy Counsellors use the form "The Right Honourable John Smith."
 * Furthermore, the table needs to be, in my opinion, reformatted. The blank cells could be filled by non-breaking spaces; furthermore, "Right Hon. the Lord Mayor" should, IMHO, be replaced by "The Right Hon. The Lord Mayor," or, better still, "The Rt Hon. The Lord Mayor." In addition, perhaps the key could indicate that a hyphen indicates city status since time immemorial. Finally, it would be nice to have the now-Republic of Ireland's cities listed in the table, rather than at the end. -- Emsworth 15:26, Jul 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Ok - shall do those. With respect to the last suggestion, I think would be a bit political, not to mention confusing, to have the Irish cities treated in the same way as the cities in the remaining parts of the UK.  Morwen - Talk 15:30, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, for the Irish cities, I was hoping for a table of the same format as the British cities: one column for "City," one for "Mayor," one for "Since," and one for "Cathedral" (we need not have a "Gov." column. -- Emsworth 16:26, Jul 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, ok. Done. Morwen - Talk 17:45, 5 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Objections withdrawn. -- Emsworth 20:16, Jul 5, 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. Too many red links.  The lists should be spun off, as they have very little to do with "city status of the UK".  Article should be clarified to better discuss what "city status" means in an NPOV way. anthony (see warning)
 * I don't agree with splitting out the list.  I think a list of entities with city status in the United Kingdom has a lot do with city status in the United Kingdom.  Would any third parties like to comment?  Morwen - Talk 12:12, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Maybe it's just the title. How about cities in the United Kingdom?  This would probably address the problem of explaining what "city status" means, also, by not using that term at all. anthony (see warning)
 * Have renamed and fixed redirs.  Morwen - Talk 13:15, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * The red links alone aren't enough for me to object. Looks acceptable as of now. anthony (see warning) 13:36, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. 1) The Rochester thing: "lost this status as a result of an administrative error" — what the hey? This got me really intrigued; how can you de"city" a city through an administative error? It'd be great to flesh this paragraph out a little more, as it seems to be an interesting (and embarrassing) episode in the context. 2) Lead section needs to mention the historic relation to cathedrals, and the "informal" usage explaining, e.g., why London is / isn't a city. 3) Given the title of the article, should we consider adding a list of "unofficial" cities — settlements that might be classed as a "city" if they weren't in the UK? This would also help NPOV because "some have doubted the right of the Crown to define the word 'city' in the English language.". — Matt 17:35, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * All done. Morwen - Talk 17:58, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I've been musing on the name, a bit; I do think that the name was better as "City status in the United Kingdom, (or City designation, or Appointed cities or some such), because otherwise the article assumes too much that the "official" version of city is correct — it's quite odd to have an article called "Cities in the United Kingdom" where London isn't part of the main list.) — Matt 18:30, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Well, I can't possibly satisfy all the name objections at once ;) Nobody gets upset about the government claiming the right to define cities, really. it just gets ignored. Perhaps a difference could be made between 'city' and 'City' - but that isn't in general use either.   Does this count as uncontested again?  Morwen - Talk 18:47, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I, too, think City status was a better title. Difficult to call, though :-) James F. (talk) 19:04, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * "City status" is a better title. The Lord Chancellor's site, for example, refers to the "City status" contests so the phrase cannot be dismissed as never being used, etc. . -- Emsworth 00:33, Jul 8, 2004 (UTC)
 * If the name gets changed to either city status in the United Kingdom or city status (United Kingdom), then I'll change my (now) mild oppose to accept. The 'cities' name is not really correct (as noted above) and also does not conform to our pluralization naming convention. --mav 08:00, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support as is, name and all. Bmills 13:25, 7 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Object. 1) The first photo is not great; pretty blurred, for one — could we do better? 2) In the table, the meaning of the "Gov." column heading is not very clear, and the numbering system for that column is used in the main UK table, but not the RoI table. 3) What's the history of this "Royal charter" thing? When were they first given out, and to whom? — Matt 16:19, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * 1) Shall we just move the image of York Minster up there? I think that may be the best option. 3) done.  Morwen - Talk 18:16, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Makes more sense, and the blurriness of the Lord Mayor pic doesn't seem to have such an impact there. — Matt 19:37, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. — Matt 19:37, 8 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Support. -- mav 03:09, 9 Jul 2004 (UTC)


text:
Bandon, County Cork

Bandon is a town in County Cork, Ireland. It lies on the River Bandon between two hills. The name in Irish means 'Bridge of the Bandon', a reference to the origin of the town as a crossing point on the river. In 2004 Bandon celebrated its quatercentenary. The town, sometimes called the Gateway to West Cork, had a population of 8,196 at the 2022 census. Bandon is in the Cork South-West (Dáil Éireann) constituency, which has three seats.

History

In September 1588, at the start of the Plantation of Munster, Phane Beecher of London acquired, as Undertaker, the seignory of Castlemahon. It was in this seignory that the town of Bandon was formed in 1604 by Phane Beecher's son and heir Henry Beecher, together with other English settlers John Shipward, William Newce and John Archdeacon. The original settlers in Beecher's seignory came from various locations in England. Originally the town proper was inhabited solely by Protestants, as a by-law had been passed stating "That no Roman Catholic be permitted to reside in the town". A protective wall extended for about a mile around the town. Written on the gates of Bandon at this time was a warning "Entrance to Jew, Turk or Atheist; any man except a Papist". A response was scrawled under the sign noting: "The man who wrote this wrote it well, for the same thing is writ on the gates of hell."

Buildings sprang up on both sides of the river and over time a series of bridges linked both settlements. Like other towns in Cork, it benefitted greatly from the patronage of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, although he was not, as he liked to claim, its "founder". Christ Church, Kilbrogan, is the oldest church in Bandon, and also the oldest purpose-built post-Reformation Protestant church in Ireland. In 1689 it was the scene of a clash between Jacobite and Williamite forces during the War of the Two Kings. After an uprising by Protestant inhabitants who expelled the Irish Army garrison, a larger force under Justin McCarthy, Viscount Mountcashel arrived and retook the town.

Sir John Moore, who was later leader of the British Army and was killed at the Battle of Corunna in Spain in 1809, was governor of the town in 1798.

In the 19th century, the town grew as a leading industrial centre which included brewing, tanning, distilling, corn and cotton milling. The now closed Allman's Distillery produced at one point over 600,000 gallons of whiskey annually. The industrial revolution in the 1800s and the advent of the railways had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural ecosystem of the area. Local weaving operations could not compete with mass-produced cheap imports. St Peter's Church was built in 1847, and Bandon Town Hall was completed in 1862.

Major General Arthur Ernest Percival was commander of the British garrison in Bandon in 1920–21 during the Irish War of Independence. He was subsequently the commanding officer of the British troops who surrendered Singapore to the Japanese forces in 1942. In 1945 he was invited by Douglas MacArthur to witness the surrender of Japanese forces in Tokyo in 1945 which ended the Second World War. Irish army leader Michael Collins was killed in an ambush at Béal na Bláth, about 9.6 km outside Bandon.

Between 1911 and 1926, the non-Catholic population of Bandon dropped from 688 (22% of the population) to 375 (13% of the population), a decline of 45.5%. Peter Hart argued, in The IRA and its Enemies (1998), that during the Irish War of Independence, Bandon's Protestant population, which was largely unionist, suffered from Irish Republican Army (IRA) reprisals. In particular, ten Protestant men were shot over 27–29 April 1922 (two months before the start of the Civil War), "because they were Protestant."

Niall Meehan argued, however (2008, 2014 ), that Hart was mistaken. The killings were not "motivated by either land agitation or by sectarian considerations." In Peter Hart, the Issue of Sources, Brian Murphy noted a British intelligence assessment, A Record of the Rebellion in Ireland in 1920–1921, that Hart cited selectively. Hart wrote, "the truth was that, as British intelligence officers recognised, "in the south the Protestants and those who supported the Government rarely gave much information because, except by chance, they had not got it to give".”. Murphy observed, "Hart does not give the next two sentences from the official Record which read":

"an exception to this rule was in the Bandon area where there were many Protestant farmers who gave information. Although the Intelligence Officer of the area was exceptionally experienced and although the troops were most active it proved almost impossible to protect those brave men, many of whom were murdered while almost all the remainder suffered grave material loss."

Murphy, therefore, concluded in a 1998 review of Hart's research, "the IRA killings in the Bandon area were motivated by political and not sectarian considerations". He amended this in 2005 to "Possibly, military considerations, rather than political, would have been a more fitting way to describe the reason for the IRA response to those who informed." In 2013 Bandon Mayor Gillian Coughlan described a song about these historical events by Professor David Fitzpatrick of TCD as "insulting to the memory of people who fought and to people who died".

Castle Bernard, the seat of Lord Bandon, was also burned in the Irish War of Independence.

Twin city
Bandon has a twin city agreement with Bandon, Oregon, in the United States. That city was founded in 1873 by Lord George Bennet, a native of the Irish Bandon who named the American one after it, and who is known especially for having introduced gorse into the US ecology with some disastrous results.

Transport
Bandon is 27 km southwest of Cork City, on the N71 national secondary road, and served by Bus Éireann bus services from Cork City. The nearest airport is Cork Airport.

Sports and community groups
Sports clubs in the area include Bandon Rugby Football Club (inaugural winners of the 1886 Munster Senior Rugby Cup), Bandon Association Football Club (whose men's senior team play in the Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division), and Bandon GAA (affiliated to the Carbery GAA division of Cork GAA).

Bandon Golf Club is an 18-hole golf course on the grounds of CastleBernard. There are a number of martial arts clubs in the town, including karate, taekwondo, Brazilian jiu-jitsu and other clubs.

A monthly community magazine, "The Opinion", is published locally.

Education
There are four secondary schools in Bandon. One of these, Bandon Grammar School, is a fee-paying Church of Ireland-ethos boarding school. The other schools are Hamilton High School, St. Brogan's College, and Coláiste na Toirbhirte (formerly known as Presentation Sisters College). Bandon Grammar School and St. Brogan's College are both mixed schools, Hamilton High School is a boys only school, and Coláiste na Toirbhirte is a girls only school.

People
People from or associated with Bandon include :
 * Graham Norton, BBC chat show host, lived in Bandon and attended Bandon Grammar School. His mother still resides there.
 * Nicholas Brady, a poet known for the Tate and Brady collaboration on a new version of the Psalms, was born in Bandon in 1659.
 * George Bennett was born in Bandon in 1822. His 'History of Bandon' was published in 1869, and he founded the town of Bandon, Oregon in 1873.
 * Henry Gosnold, Chief Justice of Munster and friend of Francis Bacon, spent much of his life in Bandon, of which he became a burgess in 1612.
 * Attiwell Wood (c.1728-1784), a barrister and member of the Irish House of Commons, came from an old Bandon family.
 * Margaret Wolfe Hungerford, an author who wrote several Victorian era novels, lived in Bandon until her death of in 1897.
 * Eugene O'Keefe (1827–1913), a brewer and businessman, emigrated to Toronto and established the O'Keefe Brewery
 * Cornelius O'Sullivan, a brewer's chemist, was born in Bandon in 1842 and in 1866 appointed assistant brewer and chemist to Bass & Co.
 * Sir George Strickland Kingston, who emigrated to Australia and became a civil engineer, architect and politician, was born in Bandon in 1807.
 * Sir Richard Cox, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, was born in Bandon, 25 March 1650
 * Joseph Brennan (1887–1963), Chairman of the Currency Commission and Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland
 * Rev. James Long, an Anglican priest and orientalist who published the first English translation of the Bengali play Nil Darpan
 * Lloyd Jones (socialist), Cooperative Society activist, four times President of the Co-operative Congress, was born in Bandon in 1811
 * Robert Baldwin Sullivan, second mayor of Toronto (1834–1839).
 * Brian Crowley, Fianna Fáil MEP for the South (European Parliament constituency).
 * Graham Dwyer, grew up in Bandon. He was convicted in 2015 of the murder of Dublin social worker Elaine O'Hara.
 * Conor Hourihane, footballer and midfielder at Aston Villa F.C.

title: Bandon, County Cork


text: Wikipedia:WikiProject Pharmacology/Photographs/G