text:
Talk:Hassan Nasrallah

intro
Contracting "Hezbollah is a Lebanese Islamist Shiite organization and political party" (1) to "Lebanese political party Hezbollah" cuts it too short. "Islamist Shiite" is a qualifier for party too, arguably a meaningful one. "organization" and "political" is redundant - all parties are political organizations, besides "Islamist" covers that. Shiite Islamists are a Islamist variant, so:
 * Lebanese Islamist party Hezbollah

is IMO correct. --tickle me 01:56, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Mention current war??
Hey-- even in the face of all the vandalism and POV-flinging this article needs some mention of the current war, which will definitely make or break Nasrallah as a leader. Anyone care to propose a sentence here? JDG 05:34, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
 * The problem is that this is an article on Nasrallah, the person, not about the war, for which an article already exists. Although Nasrallah makes morale boosting appearances on Al Manar, I don't think there is much public information about his role in the current war. I therefore do not see what can be said about the topic in a Hassan Nasrallah article other than "He led Hezbollah during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict" -- not a very useful statement. --Asbl 05:51, 30 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Looks like somebody has obliged with your request, but as I wrote above, the sentence is essentially void of much useful information. --Asbl 06:05, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Personal life, cleanup-date, July 30, 2006
Too much taken verbatim from aljazeera.com, too many tags. --tickle me 17:59, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

Views section
Are the only views Nasrallah have related to hating Israel? This section consists of a bunch of out of context quotations and some analysis, much of it from Neocon types. It strikes me as pretty blatantly POV. Obviously a discussion of Nasrallah's views should include a discussion of his views on Israel, but the current section is clearly designed to advance a partisan POV rather than to actually inform. john k 19:09, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

These quotes are out of context and incorrectly translated from Arabic. Thus these quotes are simply wrong.

These may violate Wiki's NPOV due to WP:NPOV. In any case I added some of his recent speeches in full such that the reader may decide what to concentrate in, "straight from the horse's mouth"... ApuNahasaminajustApu 16:35, 8 August 2006 (UTC)

The views section (Nasrallah views on Israel) is laced with lies and out-of-context quotes. I urge the writer to supply us with primary documentation instead of propaganda sheets for the new-cons.

Is it typical to include hearsay, such as, "According to Joe Schmoe, Hassan Nasrallah said xyz"? I haven't noticed this in any other Wikipedia article, but several times in this one. 24.35.66.225 (talk) 23:15, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

The Sayyed (or Sayyid?) debate
First off, the wiki page spells it Sayyid, so is that perhaps how it should be written if it is to be kept? Second, the Sayyid page states that a Western equivalent to the term would be "Sir" or "Lord". I looked up a few of the latter-day people granted knighthood by the UK (e.g. Ian McKellen, Elton John, and on their wiki pages they are listed as "Sir".

So, if that is to remain, then my opinion would be that Sayyid is equally acceptable. Opinions? Tarc 21:42, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Yes it's fine. Muslims don't even consider it a title that is similar to "Sir" or "Lord" but just take it to mean that he is a descendant of the Prophet. BhaiSaab talk 22:09, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Sayyid vs. Sayyed. BhaiSaab talk 22:10, 1 August 2006 (UTC)

 * One might also suggest that an extremely uncivil anonymous (the above comment came from 84.94.3.9, which traces back to an Israeli ISP) person has little to contribute to the discussion. Tarc 04:58, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
 * As an Israeli (no, not the one above) I am disgusted to see the "Lord" Nasrallah and would prefer a neutral name, with no prefixes. I am also in doubt that every Sayyid is a descendant of the Prophet; it seems to me that it is not a proven fact, but just a funny title that people use to honor this terrorist. But since it is used for the Khalifa bin Harub of Zanzibar and also some other Islamist leaders, maybe Nasrallah should regrettably be honored as well. --Gabi S. 13:09, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
 * The true terrorists in this war are the Zionists, but thats quite unrelated. BhaiSaab talk 18:09, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

It is not whether we prefer or not. I believe "Sayyid" should be mentioned as it the way he's being called in Lebanon. You may add a note explaining why he's called so. -- Szvest 19:10, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Gabi, terrorist or not got nothing to do w/ this section. I respect your patriotism but it is irrelevant here. -- Szvest 19:11, 2 August 2006 (UTC)

Gabi and Bhai: talk pages are not battlegrounds. Please discuss the article, not the subject of the article. --  tariq abjotu  (joturner) 12:49, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
 * I was discussing the article. I said that the Sayyid prefix should be there, just like Khalifa bin Harub of Zanzibar. Wasn't it clear? Too bad BhaiSaab can't find a way to leave the terrorism section there. It's an important part of the article and it was unfortunately deleted. Maybe it's unrelated. --Gabi S. 21:30, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
 * What are you talking about? I never deleted any terrorism section. BhaiSaab talk 05:20, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

A little trivia, Sayyed or Husainites is reserved for descendant of the prophet thru the grandson Husain and Sharif or Hassanie Hashemite for descent thru his elder brother the grandsom Hassan. For Shia, they are respectively the 3rd and 2nds Imams. Best Wishes.Will314159 06:19, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Sayyed is more accurate then Sayyid. by the way Sayyid means Mister, not lord/sir.

- I disagree. Every transliteration standard I've seen recently categorically excludes the use of the letter "e", along with "c", "o", and "p". I do, however, agree with your second point. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.177.140.116 (talk) 05:41, 4 September 2011 (UTC)

I suppose we should use whatever the reliable sources use. If the title/honorific is disputed, maybe we should discuss that. Thoughts? Tom Harrison Talk 00:53, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Sources are not bound by the Manual of Style; we are. It is certainly acceptable to mention that some call him Sayyid, and why.
 * Re the anonymous claim above, Sayyed and Sayyid are merely different transcriptions of the same Arabic word; Arabic draws no distinction between i and e, or between u and o.Proabivouac 01:01, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * A quick search shows his name appearing without any honorific, with 'Sayyed', and with 'Sheikh'. I don't have a strong preference. We might use it once with a footnote, and after that just use his name. Tom Harrison Talk 01:12, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure. Paul McCartney, Ian McKellen, Elton John all use "Sir" in the bolded first mention, but I'm not sure I like it there, either.Proabivouac 02:18, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Tom, what kind of "quick search" did you do? I googled for Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah and come up with 64,000 hits.  Less than the 800,000 of just Hassan Nasrallah but certainly not an insignificant number. Perhaps it does not need to appear in the quantity that it does currently, but it should certainly remain in the lead and in image captions. Tarc 13:59, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I did a Lexis/Nexis search of major newspapers. Tom Harrison Talk 14:04, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I see. Would it be acceptable to mention it in the limited fashion I suggested above? Tarc 16:43, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Which, 'Sayyed' or 'Sheikh' or both? Tom Harrison Talk 16:50, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Sayyed. Tarc 21:32, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Why that instead of 'Sheikh'? Tom Harrison Talk 22:39, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Because it seems to be more proper in respects to his status than a simple "respected old man" (i.e. sheik) would be. I now see that it was quite overused throughout the article, so one mention in the lead plus an image caption would be an aceptable compromise, don't you think? Tarc 14:04, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Do it and see what people think. I don't have a strong preference at this point, though I note that some sources say 'Sheik' instead, and I wonder what basis we are using to decide. Tom Harrison Talk 21:12, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
 * The prefix "Sayyed" or "Sayyid" (however spelled) should be included, not to honor or gratify him, but to clarify that he is a descendant of Hussein, the third Imam in Shiite Islam, and grandson of the Prphet Mohammad, (should I have left out the prefix "Prophet" when referring to Mohammad?) This distinction is important in identifying his lineage, his social status in the muslim nation. Maybe we should also mention that he wears a black turban rather than a white one because of his lineage to Hussein, which makes him a so-called "Sayyed" or "Sayyid" whether we like it or not. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.130.15.189 (talk) 03:56, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

 * In the article, the section titled 2006 "Israel-Lebanon" conflict should get a new title..."Israel-Hizb'Allah" conflict. With very few exceptions, Israel's bombing campaign targeted Hizb'Allah targets--not "Lebanese" military targets.  I know Hizb'Allah is part of the government, but it would still be more accurate to describe the conflict as one between Israel and Hizb'Allah (Lebanon as a whole was largely caught in the crossfire). (CSSELL)

That section makes it look as if his part in the conflict was just getting his home and office hit, as though he's an innocent spectator. Also, the quote again makes it appear as though he's just defending against Israeli aggression, which is, again, untrue. okedem 06:36, 9 August 2006 (UTC)
 * You state your opinion as though it were fact. There are other points of view, and the article should not take sides. 69.214.180.253 05:22, 20 August 2006 (UTC)

 * No, what I just said was fact - his role in this was not just getting his house hit, just as Olmert's role in this wasn't just sitting by his desk, watching the news.
 * Also, Hezbollah did initiate the current aggressions, as recognized by most of the world. okedem 06:06, 23 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Another view is that Israel itself violated Lebanese sovereignty on a continuous basis, then used an isolated border incursion as a pretext to destroy the infrastructure of Lebanon and to kill over 1000 Lebanese civilians. You do not have to agree with this, but a compelling case can be made, and both views should be reflected in the entry. I do agree that the section on the 2006 war is much too brief and should include the Israeli view, but I do not believe that this view should be presented alone or as fact.69.212.215.248 23:10, 25 August 2006 (UTC)

 * First off - if you want to indent your comment, use colons (":"), like I do now.
 * If you can find a reliable source that makes that case, it can be presented here. However, one would also have to be clear on the fact that Israel withdrew to an internationally recognized border, and that Hezbollah attacked Israel afterwards, by kidnapping 3 Israeli soldiers in 2000, by firing at Israeli towns, and by this current attack. The case for Israel violating sovereignty would be that Israeli aircrafts flew over Lebanons airspace (since Israel did not enter lebanon on the ground).
 * BTW, the claims about Israel destoying the infrastructure of Lebanon are quite unbased. For example, Israel did attack Beirut's airport, but did the minimal possible damage - bombed a runway intersection, and the fuel tanks. It did not bomb the terminal, the hangars, the control tower. It did the minimal damage that would prevent the use of the airport. Also, if Israel wanted to destroy Lebanon's infrastructure, why did Lebanon continue to have electricity?
 * But I digress - the point is - the current section gives a completely false picture of events. okedem 07:46, 26 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Another view is that Hezbollah violated Lebanese sovereignity by attacking Israel and then hiding in Lebanon. Likewise Syria has certainly violated Lebanese sovereignity.  No country can tolerate rockets being fired into its schools from nearby towns. Sept 1, 2006

You talk like if Hezbollah was a strange body in South Lebanon saying "They hide in Lebanon", wake up brother, Hezbollah is the people of the freed(2000) south Lebanon, they live there ,they grew there, this is their soilAhage4x4 21:58, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Clean Up
moved all the headers up to the top, and comments below. I shouldn't have lost any comments. Although a lot them seemed to be argumentative and not really wikipedia edit type comments. Best Wishes. Will314159 22:39, 23 September 2006 (UTC)

External links: CAMERA article
It seems that some quotes have been attributed to Nasrallah, quotes which are not by him at all. See Charles Glass in London Review of Books. Note the quote from the lebanese Daily Star (by Badih Chayban) in October 2002/10/23 ('If they [the Jews] all gather in Israel it will save us the trouble of going after them worldwide') ..it has been used extensively (especially by neo-cons)..but there is no proof that this is a "real" quote at all (It has also been denied by Hizbolla spokesmen). The CAMERA article: "Hassan Nasrallah: In His Own Words" (where it is quoted) is therefore at least partly based on what I would call false propaganda; (it is not his own word at all): I will therefore remove it.

(This whole thing remindes me very much of the Ouze Merham "quotes" of Ariel Sharon ...perhaps there also should be an article about false quotes attributed to Nasrallah? ..with listing them where they first appear, and where they were refuted?) Regards, Huldra 02:59, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

Jurisprudence of the Guardians and Khomeini View of Ashura Ritual
I listened to a streaming video lecture by Professor juan Cole who explained the above topic. Nasralah subscribes to Khomeinis views and is his disciple. Amal suscribes to Fadallah who is close to Ayatollah Sistani of Irak. In the Khomeini view the clerics have the last word. Sistani and Fadallah's view is minimum interference. Even though Nasrallah is prominent politicaly in Lebanon, theologically he is much junior to Ayotollah Fadallah. On Ashura (Arabic for 10 which follows 10 days after first of year 1 Muharram similar to Yom Kippur about 10 days after Rosh Shannah) some Shiites self flagellate in memory of the martrydom of the 3rd Imam Husain at Karbala. The Ayatollah Khomeini issued a fatwa against the practice. If I am right, then Amal would do the bloody ritual on Ashura while Hezbollah members would not. I have to get a source for this before i incorporate this in article. If any lebanese Shia are reading this- would appreciate any insight. Best Wishes Will314159 06:31, 30 September 2006 (UTC)

anti-semitism and semitism run amok
the flip side of anti-semitism is semitism run amok. Anti-semitism is strongly condemmed wherever it appears. At the same time semitism run amok is the flip side. WP is an encyclopedia for everybody and all these negative comments about Nasrallah are bull. The PLO was delcared a terrorist organization. The U.S. ambassador to the U.N. gets called on the carpet for meeting with the PLO. Sharon starts a war to expel the PLO from Lebanon. Then guess what? Israel invites the PLO to the West Bank, and Yasser Arafat is a frequent guest at the White House. But then he won't roll over and then he's a terrorist again and becomes a prisoner at Ramallah. The Israelis can get any opponents of theirs declared "terrorists" by the U.S. Congress and then undeclared as it suits their purposes. This is a biography article of living person and there are guidelines. There is no call or excuse for calling the subject a "little shxt" as one so called "Editor" did above. It is just disgusting. But it is like this in every article having to do with the Mid-East in WP. There are very few Arab English speaking editors and are grossly outnumbered and out-articulated. The editors that are proponents of the other side are overwhelming in their numbers, with notable exceptions and those people are heroes, are not exercising balance and fair play. Best Wishes. Will314159 21:08, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

If they didn't blow themselves up with hundreds of people around them the US Congress wouldn't declare them to be terrorist's. It's not rocket science man.

Then, shall we give the IDF credit for 'terrorising' a whole country killing a thousand of their people? The US can put anyone on their terrorists list, who cares Nasrallah is seen as a Freedom fighter for millions of Arabs, he is certainly much more respected statistically then the "strongest" man on earth, Mr Bush Ahage4x4 21:52, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

Why don't we just leave the term "Terrorist" out of the debate? Terrorism has become a highly subjective and stigmatized word since 9/11/2001. Where one person sees a "terrorist", another sees a "freedom fighter". US Congress and their declarations have no place in WP, and neither do the opinions of those at the other end of the political debate. Lets just stick to the facts, folks, and leave the subjectivity out of it ok? Nageeb 21:57, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * sure. let's use the "objective" opinions of these people about the word "terrorist".. webster discussions
 * Wow, you know what would have been nice? If they actually cited a source of that definition (the definition kept expanding as the interview went on, incidentally). Simply claiming that Webster's Dictionary says something without actually showing it or citing an edition is useless. (Side note: There is no one "Webster's Dictionary", there are indeed many editions and versions, each having a different use and purpose.) What kind of garbage talkshow was that? Also, the Egyptian guy in the horrible shirt was a wanker.   Nageeb 21:27, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

 * webster reality check:
 * btw, what negative comment about nasrallah is bull exactly? Jaakobou 08:17, 25 January 2007 (UTC)

NB: It is "antisemitism" without a hyphen -- check out the IHRA definition -- and the other spelling variety seen frequently, "anti-Semitism" is a result of MS Word spell-check which nobody bothers to correct. The second thing is that there is *no such thing* as "semitism". Dori1951 (talk) 19:42, 10 August 2020 (UTC)

National Compact with Michel Aoun
Many observors write this has kept lebanon from civil war. From the Xtian side it calls for the the 1)disarmament of HA upon return of the three remaining Leb prisoners in Israeli jails (yes back then it was 3 prisoners!!) 2) return of Shebaa Farms and 3) the repatriation of SLA refugees (South Lebanon Army) from Israel with pardons. From the HA side it calls for reform of the Taif electoral law perhaps with one man one vote. The speculation is tha the Sunni would then pad the vote by extending the franchise to Palestinian refugee descentants and the Xtians would try to gain numbers by extending the vote to overseas Lebanese. The compact is a signicant achievment for Nasrallah and Aoun because it has kept the country stable and unified even under the total war waged recently on the civilian infrastructure. When I get the citations lined up I" try to incorporate some of this in the article as well as the jurisprudence of the guardians material. Best Wishes. Will314159 21:26, 2 October 2006 (UTC)

 * You should also be aware that Future Movement leader, Saad Hariri, is very supportive and would like to allow the Lebanese diaspora to have voting rights from abroad, now keep in mind that 80% or so of the multi million Lebanese diaspora is Christian.
 * --Eternalsleeper 05:48, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Syria Iran Hezbollah support
He actually used the words "everybody knows it"? I'm sorry, but that is the single most hilarious thing that I have ever heard. VolatileChemical 07:47, 4 February 2007 (UTC)

Holy cities
The question of whether Najaf and/or Qom are "holy" cities is not topical to this article. However, if for some reason we were to include it, it would have to be attributed and cited, e.g., "which Shi'a Muslims consider holy (reference)." It's not up to us to decide what is or isn't holy.Proabivouac 23:32, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

 * All Shia Muslims consider the Cities of Karbala, Najaf, and Qom, Holy, what makes them holy is the burials of the 11 Imams, in these cities and more, its not up to you to decide, it's up to every Shi'ite Muslim to know that those Cities are holy.Ahmad Husseini 02:21, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Here you go man. Here's an explanation of why Najaf is a Holy City:

Who's running this joint?
How do you know that the "If all the Jews..." quote is not a fabrication, since its editors of the newspaper have questioned the reliability of the translations, and honesty of the reporter? Ahmad Husseini 02:24, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
 * We do not know this to be the case, since our only source is a random third party claiming this in a letter to an editor of another journal.Proabivouac 18:58, 8 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Also, your second source doesn't mention the quote. This isn't the place to be comparing Hezbollah to the Nazis (your source, is a blatant attack, otherwise it would have fit in), and I don't find that taking quotes from neo-con(respectively) websites is considered accurate.Ahmad Husseini 02:36, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

NPOV: 2006 Israel-Lebanon Conflict
This section of the article makes no mention of the fact that Israel initiated its bombing campaign in response to a Hezbollah attack on its army patrol. An attack of which Nasrallah was aware, because he later made the statement along the lines of (if I recall correctly) "I would not have allowed the attack to go ahead if I had known that these would be the consequences."
 * Will you provide a reliable resource for that please? If you can then it may be added.--SJP 00:23, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Nasrallah in songs
I've added one song by Alaa Zalzali to the list, however there is no article about that artist or song. I may get to work on that. Andurz 02:53, 18 July 2007 (UTC)

درود بر سید حسن نصراله و رزمندگان مقاوت از طرف حمید رضا

Taif Section
How reliable are those sources? They seem to be heavily biased blogs. And i'm not sure about the translation offered there. Just suggesting better sources. Andurz (talk) 23:13, 14 December 2007 (UTC)

References need cleaning up.
Reference #2, #9, and #11 ("Profile: Sayid Hasan Nasrallah")are redundant as they all point to, the same link, which no longer works and cannot be found via a search on that site. At the moment it also lists it as an Al Jazeera article, which is incorrect as aljazeera.com is a British magazine, not the same as the well-known media outlet of the same name. I'll fix that in a moment.

It seems though that this may have been the same profile that is also cited as reference #10, from the Council on Foreign Relations. If so, it can simply be subbed in for the three mentioned earlier, but it should be checked first that that CFR link covers or mentions what is being referenced by aljazeera.com before swapping.

Also, question regarding the PDF link in reference #7; can anyone else open this? It comes up as "unsupported/damaged" by Adobe. Tarc (talk) 15:28, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

The reference for this :

"There is no solution to the conflict in this region except with the disappearance of Israel," said Nasrallah.

and this :

"I am against any reconciliation with Israel. I do not even recognize the presence of a state that is called 'Israel.' I consider its presence both unjust and unlawful. That is why if Lebanon concludes a peace agreement with Israel and brings that accord to the Parliament our deputies will reject it; Hezbollah refuses any conciliation with Israel in principle.".

are broken. Kromsson (talk) 21:31, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Sayyid
The using in this honorific title in the personal life section is improper. It opens this section with out any explanation while wikipedia rules forbid this kind of glorifications. It is equal to open the Jhon Do persoanl life section in this manner: Ph.D/M.D/DR Jhon Do was born...--Gilisa (talk) 11:48, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I disagree. I find no specific WP policies forbidding this, and furthermore the link itself serves as explanation. Mnmazur (talk)
 * I agree with Gilisa's statement. Even Queen Elizabeth's page only refers to "Elizabeth II". I am going to edit this article accordingly. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.76.163.245 (talk) 20:53, 27 July 2012 (UTC)

Citation of Israeli sources
I've noticed that many of the citations on the section regarding Nasrallah's views on international events are from CAMERA and other pro-Israel organizations. Why is it that it is frowned upon to cite Al-Manar or similar sources on articles, but it's okay to quote blatantly Zionist and pro-Israel organizations and sources in articles, especially articles condemning someone for being anti-semetic? I'd like these citations removed and, where they were indeed valid, replaced with references that are not biased. Mnmazur (talk)

 * I don't see the problem. CAMERA was cited four times in the article, and three of those four times it was explicitly stated that it was from CAMERA (I changed the fourth instance to reflect this as well). As long as the source is explicitly mentioned for the claims, Al-Manar can likely be used too. ← George [ talk  ] 04:35, 8 July 2009 (UTC)

On the September 11, 2001 attacks and the United States
The second paragraph of this section does not talk about Hizballah's stance on the September 11 attack itself but rather talks about the conflict with the US in general. In the mentioned quote, Nasrallah did not express his point of view of this attack but rather mentioned it as a historical inciden. Hence I suggest that it must be removed from this section.--Atmleb (talk) 17:49, 18 April 2010 (UTC)

CAMERA links
The links for CAMERA point to camera(disambiguation). I have changed the links that I can find to point directly to the wikipedia page of that specific organisation that is titled "Committee_for_Accuracy_in_Middle_East_Reporting_in_America". Any future links should be done in the same way Example: CAMERA.

--Atmleb (talk) 17:59, 18 April 2010 (UTC)

Protection
I don't speak Arabic/Farsi/Persian, whatever, but today's revert war without edit summaries, doesn't give me much confidence. Accordingly, I have protected this article until and unless the parties provide acceptable translations for their edits. This is the English language Wikipedia, and if there is going to be unresolved conflict about the natural language version of this person's name, it will just be deleted as unnecessary and the article will have to endure continued protection. Rodhull andemu  00:31, 27 June 2010 (UTC)

'terrorist'
Picking up on one of the points made in the 'anti-semitism and semitism run amok' discussion above, I think it is a clear breach of NPOV to open this article with the term 'terrorist' to describe Hezbollah. Using such an extreme value term is bad enough in an article, but especially so if it's done in the opening line and with no explanation. As you will see on Hezbollah's own article, there is much debate over the use of the term, and only three countries consider the group to be an outright terrorist one. Instead, I propose that it's called 'a political and paramilitary organization' and let readers navigate to the Hezbollah article for a full discussion on who considers them to be terrorists etc. Zackery the Fence (talk) 01:31, 11 July 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree. It is entirely inappropriate to put in the lead of the article, and it is unnecessary POV. Readers can look at the Hezbollah article for more information.
 * Imagine if, on the article for George W. Bush, it said, "The United States in its entirety is considered a terrorist government by Nicaragua, Chile, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Palestine." Is this acceptable? Inverse Hypercube  05:30, 3 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Agree with both above. --Supreme Deliciousness (talk) 05:44, 3 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Or imagine if, on the article for Hitler it said that Hitler was "commonly associated with the rise of fascism in Europe, World War II, and the Holocaust." Silly civilized people. They think their position is the "neutral" position. -- brew crewer  (yada, yada) 05:58, 3 January 2012 (UTC)
 * That's fine. Those are things he actually did. Putting in information about who considers Hezbollah a terrorist organization in the main paragraph of an article about a Hezbollah leader is a clear violation of WP:NPOV. "Terrorist" is a contentious and emotionally charged label, which has no clear definition. It is not Wikipedia's job to take sides, which this article is clearly doing. If you want to include this, then per WP:Balance also include viewpoints that contradict the claim of Hezbollah being a terrorist organization, which are certainly prominent.
 * I'm not taking a position on the claim, as you have accused me of doing, I'm simply trying to maintain neutrality. Inverse Hypercube  07:25, 3 January 2012 (UTC)
 * I did not mean you, I was being rhetorical. The analogy to Hitler was to point out that there isn't necessary an "other side" that has to be given proper weight if proper weight is not given by reliable sources.-- brew  crewer  (yada, yada) 15:11, 3 January 2012 (UTC)

national pact and not national compact
the national pact and not compact (!) with Free Patriotic Movement of Michel Aoun....should read the section title! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 78.108.172.7 (talk) 11:08, 12 December 2011 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 25 October 2014
insert this image as the main portrait      http://hadialakhras.deviantart.com/art/Sayed-Hasan-Nasrallah-362573250     because it more accurate and it looks more formal. Thank you

Ahalawi (talk) 12:12, 25 October 2014 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Images found on the web are usually copyrighted, and cannot be used on wikipedia, which uses free content where possible (see WP:NONFREE. Thanks, Nici  Vampire  Heart  15:25, 25 October 2014 (UTC)

Just For Laughs
In Russian his name "Насралла" sounds very unpleasant. About as "give a shit" in feminine gender. :)) Алессия (talk) 00:24, 17 January 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 13 April 2015
Addition to sub-topic "views attributed to Nasrallah" - Condemns Charlie Hebdo attack http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/09/us-france-shooting-hezbollah-idUSKBN0KI1OM20150109

- But also condemns Mohammed cartoon by Charlie Hebdo in their "survival" issue after the attack http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/09/us-france-shooting-hezbollah-idUSKBN0KI1OM20150109

213.35.153.122 (talk) 20:43, 13 April 2015 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format.  Edgars2007  (talk/contribs) 19:51, 18 April 2015 (UTC)

Firefox crash problem
For about an hour this morning attempts to open this page crashed Firefox. Other Wikipedia pages tested did not. Seems to be working now. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 129.236.238.73 (talk) 16:30, 4 September 2015 (UTC)

Requested move 29 December 2015

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: moved. Number   5  7  13:12, 6 January 2016 (UTC)

Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah → Hassan Nasrallah – "sayyed" is an honorific, which should not be used in article names (per WP:HONORIFIC). The article was recently renamed without consensus to include the honorific, with an unsupported claim that 'sayyed' is actually part of his name, and not an honorific, a claim which is contradicted in the lead. Bad Dryer (talk) 17:52, 29 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Support as per nom. GregKaye 06:14, 1 January 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Assessment comment
Substituted at 05:15, 13 May 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Add some information
I want to add these informations to the article but it needs a consensus.Anyway i place it here for comments:

I suggest you put draft version here on talk for review by other editors, once reviewed and okayed it can be placed in article at appropriate place.-m,sharaf (talk) 09:04, 3 October 2016 (UTC)

expat?
Is Hassan Nasrallah currently either a Lebanese expatriot or in Iran. Because both would need to be true for that category to be used.  nableezy  - 00:51, 8 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Huh. Reliable sources back up the fact that he moved to Qom for studies and remained there for some time. I added just two of these sources. No one talked about him being there right now; we're talking about 1989. Furthermore, "Expatriate in X" categories on Wikipedia are literally everywhere used for those who have spent time in another country, for, e.g., studies, work, and/or soccer. Whether in the past, or in the present. So, I also don't understand where you got the notion from that someone needs to be an expat "currently", in order to be labeled with such category. In fact, this article also needs the category Category:Lebanese expatriates in Iraq, for he studied there as well for some time. Bests - LouisAragon (talk) 02:11, 8 October 2016 (UTC)
 * He isnt in Iran, he is in Lebanon. Whats there to huh about? An expatriate, definitionally, is somebody who lives outside of their home country. Lives, present tense.  nableezy  - 04:38, 8 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Who told that he's in Iran right now? These categories may be added for anyone that lived at one time in a different nation, but did not hold its citizenship. It seems as if you are making this "rule" up by yourself, namely that someone "needs" to be living in the country in question, right now, in order for the category to be added. And that seemingly just because you define the word "expatriates" as being only able to refer to the present tense, which is wrong, especially in the way such categories are used on Wikipedia. Oh, no, wait, I guess Alexander Onassis is actually currently in Monaco, while George Best is actually currently living in Hong Kong, South Africa, and Australia -- even though both individuals died numerous years ago. With all due respect, but unless you're able to cite a WP that backs up your claim (that such categories can only be added for people who are in the countries in question in the present time) or some sort of earlier established consensus, your arguments don't have any ground to stand on. Nasrallah was an expat in Iran in the late 80s, and he was an expat in Iraq prior to that, and this is simply verifiable by the reliable sources. Bests - LouisAragon (talk) 05:56, 8 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm not defining the word, the dictionary does that for me. An expatriate is someone living in a country that he or she is not a citizen of. Living is the present tense of to live. Are you able to city any sort of consensus? Or is that a requirement only for me? With all due respect, WP:OSE isn't an argument needing a response.  nableezy  - 06:46, 8 October 2016 (UTC)

External links & Speeches and interviews
These sites "The Multilingual Website of Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah"Archive; Interview on 11 August 2007; Interview with Al-Jazeera on 20 July 2006; Interview with Al-Jazeera; dont open.

These links Video Clip of Victory Speech on 22 September 2006; Nasrallah's Sun Video; Speech given on 26 May 2008; Speech on 3 August 2006; Speech on 31 July 2006; Speech on 14 July 2006; Speech on 8 March 2005 does not open correctly.--Samral (talk) 11:40, 1 March 2017 (UTC)

tenor vs tenure
In the first section, there is a simple linguistic error, which can be rectified by the replacement of a single word. Noting here so the next edit by a confirmed editor can correct it:

Under his tenor,

should read:

Under his tenure,

Feel free to remove this section from talk page after this has been done.

54.240.196.186 (talk) 23:07, 8 June 2017 (UTC)
 * Yeah, you are absolutely correct. Changed now, thanks for letting us know! Huldra (talk) 23:23, 8 June 2017 (UTC)

Yemen war
He has made some remarks in interviews about the Yemen war. I will not cite any particular singular source but instead simply point this out. Some of the comments could be included in the main article, since it is fairly recent ~2 years old only. 2A02:8388:1641:4700:BE5F:F4FF:FECD:7CB2 (talk) 17:38, 10 April 2017 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 05:33, 27 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Seyyed Ali Khamenei and Seyyed Hassan Nasrallah by khamenei.ir 01(2005) 01.jpg

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:13, 27 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Seyyed Ali Khamenei and Seyyed Hassan Nasrallah by khamenei.ir 01(2005) 01.jpg

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 18:22, 25 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah.jpg

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 20:06, 25 June 2019 (UTC)
 * Hassan Nasrallah .jpg

early life and education
I recommend correcting this sentence: "But there was no sources mentioned about his mother's name" with something like: " No references found for his mother's name". Naming consistency - I recommend checking for consistency in the names Abbas al-Musawi (mentioned once as Abbas Musawi),and Sadr (mentioned at the end of this section without the full name Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr, and missing the hyperlink ) Elimarcus (talk) 07:36, 27 August 2019 (UTC)

NPOV?
Making Russia the only named ally of Hezbollah in the lede is garbage, conceived to tar the latter with the whipped-up frenzy over Putin (and Trump). Why no mention of Iran, who has certainly been a longer and more trusted ally of the Hezbollah movement? If you can't answer this, you should just go add it now. 174.115.100.93 (talk) 05:06, 19 October 2019 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 29 October 2019
Hi dear admin. i request for permissions to edit just the religion of hasan nasr-allah in the article. you can do it yourself, if i'm not qualified to have such access. thanks in advance. best regards.Sepehr.Sǎsǎni (talk) 02:28, 29 October 2019 (UTC) Sepehr.Sǎsǎni (talk) 02:28, 29 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. – Jonesey95 (talk) 03:44, 29 October 2019 (UTC)
 * hi again. i only want to add his religion in the infobox. i would be grateful if you do that, by adding the following characters in the infobox. thanks.Sepehr.Sǎsǎni (talk) 12:07, 29 October 2019 (UTC)

 * blank1 = Religion
 * data1 = shia Islam
 * We don't put religion in infoboxes. As far as I can tell, this person's religion is mentioned at least ten times in the article, which is probably sufficient. – Jonesey95 (talk) 18:11, 29 October 2019 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 13 December 2020
I uploaded these few photos with a license. Please add it to the article. Thanks
 * File:Hassan Nasrallah's speech in May 2000 (2).png, File:Hassan Nasrallah's speech in May 2000 (1).png, File:Hassan Nasrallah's speech in May 2000 (3).png, File:Hassan Nasrallah's speech in May 2000 (4).png

– Hoseina051311 (talk) 15:40, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: Images are to help the readers understanding of an article, if you could note where the images should be placed in the article and a caption for the images. See WP:GALLERY & MOS:IRELEV for more. Thanks  Terasail [✉] 15:54, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I actually explained in the description of Wikimedia Commons... He speaks after the end of the South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000) and I suggest you put this in "Consequently, Nasrallah is credited in Lebanon and the Arab world for ending the Israeli occupation of the South...." thanks --Hoseina051311 (talk) 09:10, 16 December 2020 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: The images are blurry and the article already contains multiple high-quality images of Hassan Nasrallah. Since MOS:Images states that blurry images should only be added when "absolutely necessary". They have not been added at this time. Terasail [✉] 14:22, 17 December 2020 (UTC)

Death
Hassan Nasrallah died today 19 Jan 2021 in an explosion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:8802:2300:9D1:807F:1B6:D868:D0EB (talk) 18:13, 19 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Zero evidence of such an extraordinary event exists. As such, this is currently Twitter chatter and not credible by any standard of wikipedia. 19:13, 19 January 2021 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 19 January 2021
He died 2.101.189.137 (talk) 20:21, 19 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Eggishorn  (talk) (contrib) 20:32, 19 January 2021 (UTC)

Image
I created a paragraph about his image in lead, and it needs expanding and cover more things. Therer is some ideas and sources in my sandbox. It has to be general, then we can add a "Public image"/"Legacy" § later. -- Maudslay II (talk) 09:01, 14 April 2021 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 1 June 2021
'Hassan Nasrallah '''(حسن نصر الله ; born 31 August 1960) is a Lebanese cleric and leader who serves as the 3rd secretary-general of political terrorist organization Hezbollah since his predecessor, Abbas al-Musawi Mayonnaise2001 (talk) 21:45, 1 June 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 23:58, 1 June 2021 (UTC)

Dated
This article is extremely dated, possibly because it has been ptrotected. The last facts mentioned belong to 2013.--Reciprocist (talk) 07:38, 11 August 2021 (UTC)

"Nasrallah is described as a "national hero" and "icon" in Lebanon"
This is not true at all and portrays a false picture of Nasrallah. For a large part of the Lebanese population, Nasrallah is a terrorist and very bad person. He is assumed responsible, along with other leaders, for the large explosion in Beirut port on August 4th, 2020. He is accused of having his supporters attack protesters' camps in Beirut city during the October revolution. And just recently, his followers attacked several places in Beirut, killing 8.

He is regarded as a hero in the Hezbollah and Amal-run areas of Beirut, in the southern part of Lebanon and in the Bekaa Valley. But for the rest of the population, he is a nightmare. Please remove this information or phrase it more neutral. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Paulschlag (talk • contribs) 19:42, 25 October 2021 (UTC)

not an icon, a terrorist
"Narallah is described as a "national hero" and "icon" in Lebanon and throughout the Arab and Muslim world" this is a sentence that I extracted from the article, this is not true. the truth is that hassan nasrallah is considered a terrorist in lebanon and the arab and muslim world. and a leader of a terrorist organization

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/3/hezbollahs-nasrallah-accuses-saudi-arabia-of-terrorism https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/us-designates-son-of-hezbollah-leader-sayyed-hassan-nasrallah-a-terrorist-1946977 https://www.dw.com/en/australia-to-list-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organization/a-59914150 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/saudi-arabia-hezbollah-lebanon-al-qard-al-hassan-terrorists

and there is many many other articles that you can find
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: Can you please sign your name and put the changes in a change x to y format please. Zippybonzo (talk) 19:11, 27 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Not done period, NYT supports the icon in the Arab world phrasing. The sources provided are about Saudi Arabis designating Hezbollah as a terrorist organization.  nableezy  - 19:25, 27 January 2022 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 28 November 2022
His birth day: November 28 He is celebrating it today and many Lebanese television programs are celebrating too 91.240.82.50 (talk) 15:51, 28 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Pizzaplayer219TalkContribs 18:49, 28 November 2022 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 25 March 2023
Hassan Nasrallah is a named terrorist and militia leader along being a cleric leader in the Shiia community. 81.105.105.34 (talk) 13:12, 25 March 2023 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. M.Bitton (talk) 13:59, 25 March 2023 (UTC)

lacking information about Nassrallah's involvement in terrorist activity
In the Image section, I believe you should also considering his negative view in different country as an active terrorist group leader. Ajrdcth (talk) 21:20, 7 July 2023 (UTC)

 * you can't call a spade a spade 2A04:4A43:4D0F:FB61:0:0:17D8:5625 (talk) 20:20, 1 July 2024 (UTC)

Caption for photo "Nasrallah in 2005" typo
Under 2006 Israel–Lebanon conflict, photo has caption with typo "Nashrallah in 2005", which is a misspelling of the name (Nasrallah). Avigl (talk) 15:34, 8 October 2023 (UTC)

Views on homosexuals
I think we should add his views on homosexuals which aren't pretty like his views on Israel or Jews RickyBlair668 (talk) 06:57, 12 October 2023 (UTC)

Lede
I made a lousy attempt at summarizing the lede; as the body isn't comprehensive. It needs some further work still. Makeandtoss (talk) 12:26, 4 November 2023 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 2 June 2024
In the personal life section it says On 5 July 2024, Hezbollah media stated that Nasrallah's mother, Hajja Umm Hassan, had passed away. and this is the citation Mother of Hezbollah chief passes away" Tehran Times 25 May 2024 Farrafiq (talk) 17:23, 2 June 2024 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Charliehdb (talk) 17:06, 3 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hassan Nasrallah


text:
England expects that every man will do his duty

"England expects that every man will do his duty" was a signal sent by Vice-Admiral of the Royal Navy Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson from his flagship HMS Victory as the Battle of Trafalgar was about to commence on 21 October 1805.

During the battle, as Nelson's fleet closed in on the allied fleet, he ordered Lieutenant John Pasco to signal the British fleet as soon as possible. After Pasco suggested some changes, and Nelson agreeing to them, the signal was sent at around 11:45 a.m. on 21 October 1805 and relayed using a numeric flag code known as the "Telegraphic Signals of Marine Vocabulary".

Although there was much confusion surrounding the precise wording of the signal in the aftermath of the battle, the significance of the victory and Nelson's death during the battle led to the phrase becoming a standard representation of a militant English spirit of courage and virtue in the face of conflict. It has been regularly quoted, paraphrased and referenced up to the modern day.

Background
During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon planned to invade Britain. To do so, he ordered both the French and Spanish navies to take control of the English Channel to ensure a safe passage for the Grande Armée. Commanded by Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, the allied navy went down to Cape Trafalgar, where they encountered a British Fleet commanded by Horatio Nelson.

On 21 October 1805, the Battle of Trafalgar began, with Nelson's fleet of 27 ships pitted against the combined Spanish and French fleet of 33. To secure victory, Nelson sailed his fleet toward the flank of the Allied fleet to break it into pieces. The naval battle resulted in 22 Allied ships being lost, while the British lost none. During the engagement, the French lost 14,000 troops, with at least 7,000 prisoners of war, including French Admiral Peirre-Charles Villeneuve. Moreover, 1,500 British died, including Admiral Horatio Nelson. As a result, the British were victorious, ensuring their control of the sea and removing the possibility of a French invasion of Britain.

Signals during the battle
As the British fleet closed with the opposing combined fleets of France and Spain, Nelson signalled all the necessary battle instructions to his ships. Aware of the momentousness of events to come, Nelson felt that something extra was required. He instructed his signal officer, Lieutenant John Pasco, to signal to the fleet, as quickly as possible, the message "England confides [i.e. is confident] that every man will do his duty." Pasco suggested to Nelson that expects be substituted for confides, since the former word was in the signal book, whereas confides would have to be spelt out letter-by-letter. Nelson agreed to the change (even though it produced a less trusting impression):

"His Lordship came to me on the poop, and after ordering certain signals to be made, about a quarter to noon, he said, 'Mr. Pasco, I wish to say to the fleet, ENGLAND CONFIDES THAT EVERY MAN WILL DO HIS DUTY' and he added 'You must be quick, for I have one more to make which is for close action.' I replied, 'If your Lordship will permit me to substitute the confides for expects the signal will soon be completed, because the word expects is in the vocabulary, and confides must be spelt,' His Lordship replied, in haste, and with seeming satisfaction, 'That will do, Pasco, make it directly.'"

- John Pasco

Thus, at around 11:45 a.m. on 21 October 1805, the signal was sent. The exact time the signal was sent is not known (one account puts it as early as 10:30), as the message was repeated throughout the fleet, but Pasco puts it at "about a quarter to noon" and logs from other ships of the line also put it close to this time.

The signal was relayed using the numeric flag code known as the "Telegraphic Signals of Marine Vocabulary", devised in 1800 by Rear Admiral Sir Home Popham, and based on the signal books created earlier by Admiral Lord Howe. This code assigned the digits 0 to 9 to ten signal flags, which were used in combination. Code numbers 1–25 represented letters of the alphabet (omitting J and with V=20 before U=21); higher numbers were assigned meanings by a code book.

The code numbers are believed to have been hoisted on the mizzenmast, one after another, with the "telegraphic flag" (a red-over-white diagonally-split flag) also being flown to show that the signals employed Popham's code. As well as digit flags, the code used "repeat" flags so that only one set of digits was needed; thus the word do, coded as "220", used a "2" flag, a "first repeat" flag here serving as a second 2, and a "0" flag. The word duty was not in the codebook (and was not replaced as confides had been), so had to be spelt out, and the whole message required twelve "lifts". It is believed that it would have taken about four minutes, with the end of the message indicated by an "end of code" flag (blue over yellow diagonally split). A team of four to six men, led by Lt. Pasco, would have prepared and hoisted the flags onboard Nelson's flagship HMS Victory. The message shows one of the shortcomings of Popham's code—even the two-letter "do" required three flags hoisted for the signal. It is reported that a great cheer went up as the signal was hoisted and repeated throughout the fleet.

According to the historian John Knox Laughton: "It is said that, as he saw the flags going up, Collingwood remarked half-peevishly to his flag-lieutenant, 'I wish Nelson would make no more signals; we all understand what we have to do.' When, however, the signal was reported, he was delighted, and ordered it to be announced to the ship's company, by whom it was received with the greatest enthusiasm."

The message "engage the enemy more closely" was Nelson's final signal to the fleet, sent at 12:15 p.m., before a single British cannon had been fired at the enemy. This message was signalled using the telegraphic flag and flags 1 and 6. Nelson ordered this signal hauled up and kept aloft. It remained up until shot away during the battle.

After the battle

Almost immediately, the signal began to be misquoted. A number of ships in the fleet recorded the signal as "England expects every man to do his duty" (omitting that and replacing will with to). This version became so prevalent that it is recorded on Nelson's tomb in St Paul's Cathedral. The word that is also omitted on the version around the base of Nelson's Column. However, the Victory's log and the accounts of signal officer John Pasco and Henry Blackwood (captain of the frigate Euryalus), both present at the preparation of the signal, agree on the form given here. On 26 December 1805, The Times newspaper in London reported the signal as; "England expects every officer and man to do his duty this day". In 1811, the tenor John Braham composed a song, "The Death of Nelson", including the words of the signal. The song became popular almost immediately and was performed throughout the British Empire during the 19th century. To make the words fit the metre, they were altered to "England expects that every man this day will do his duty". This version of the wording is also persistent.

Between 1885 and 1908 it was believed that the signal had been sent using the 1799 code book, as in 1885 it was pointed out that this had not been replaced until 1808. In 1908 it was discovered that the Admiralty had, in fact, changed the signal code in November 1803, after the 1799 version had been captured by the French, and new code books had been issued to Nelson's fleet at Cadiz in September 1805. As a result, books published between these two dates show the signal using the wrong flags.

The signal is still hoisted on the Victory at her dry dock in Portsmouth on Trafalgar Day (21 October) every year, although the signal flags are displayed all at once, running from fore to aft, rather than hoisted sequentially from the mizzenmast.

Similar signals
The signal has been imitated in other navies of the world. Napoleon ordered the French equivalent, "La France compte que chacun fera son devoir", to be displayed on French vessels. At the opening of the Battle of Plattsburgh in September 1814, Commodore Thomas MacDonough of the United States Navy flew the signal "Impressed seamen call on every man to do his duty", referring to the fact that impressment of sailors had been a U.S. casus belli of the War of 1812. During the 1865 Battle of Riachuelo, a turning point of the Paraguayan War, Brazilian Admiral Manuel Barroso, Baron of Amazonas, rallied his fleet by signalling the Portuguese equivalent, "O Brasil espera que cada um cumpra o seu dever".

A similar signal was used by the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Russo-Japanese War. At the Battle of Tsushima on 27 May 1905, Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō – who had studied naval tactics in Britain from 1871 to 1878, and was known as the "Nelson of the East"– signalled to his fleet: "The fate of the Empire depends upon today's battle: let every man do his utmost".

Connection with Mission Command
The implied reliance on shared intent, individual duty, and initiative has made "England Expects" an early symbol of what would evolve into Mission Command, a decentralized style of Command and Control applied with considerable success since the nineteenth century. Nelson trusted the experience, skill, and initiative of his individual captains and sailors, as a way of managing the uncertainty inherent in war.

Later uses

Charles Dickens quotes it in Chapter 43 of Martin Chuzzlewit: "...as the poet informs us, England expects Every man to do his duty, England is the most sanguine country on the face of the earth, and will find itself continually disappointed."

In Lewis Carroll's The Hunting of the Snark, the Bellman says: "For England Expects – I forbear to proceed. Tis a maxim tremendous, but trite."

In Ogden Nash's collection of poems I'm a Stranger Here Myself (1938) there is a short poem "England Expects". During the Second World War, an Admiralty propaganda poster intended to increase industrial production on the home front, carried the slogan; "Britain expects that you too, this day, will do your duty". Nelson's flag signal was hoisted by the Royal Navy monitor HMS Erebus at the start of the bombardment for the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944.

It was also referenced by Margaret Thatcher during her crucial speech to the cabinet which finally persuaded them to rally behind her over the divisive issue of the poll tax. Further afield, it has been adapted by James Joyce in his novel, Ulysses, such as "Ireland expects that every man this day will do his duty".

Today "England expects..." is often adapted for use in the media, especially in relation to the expectations for the victory of English sporting teams. Such is the sentence's connotation with sport that a book on the history of the England national football team by James Corbett was entitled England Expects. A BBC Scotland television drama also bears its name.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:Napoleon Orda

Untitled
Why is this page here and not at Napoleon Orda? It seems strange that his name was first transcrypted to (Bela)russian and then back to latin alphabet. Why not use simply the name he signed his works with? [[User:Halibutt|Halibutt]] 08:26, Aug 5, 2004 (UTC)

 * Okay, since Mikka insists on claiming Orda was Belarusian, I kindly ask him to provide sources for that. I know that in Belarus it is quite common to subscribe all people born in what is now Belarus to the Belarusian nation, but how does it make Orda a Belarusian? Or is he any more Belarusian than my great-grandfather who was also born in what is now Belarus? Halibutt 11:35, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I know that in Poland it is quite common to subscribe all people born in GDL territory to Polsih nation, and this is correct. At the same time "what is now Belarus" and Belarussian "psia krew" did not pop up out of nowhere. So prease don't restart this silly quarrel repeated on many pages. Belarusians have right for their ancestry and right for their POV presented in wikipedia. There are Russian Americans, German Americans, etc., no big deal, so why Polsish so eagerly deny existence of Polish Belarusians throughout the history?  mikka (t) 18:07, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

What sources name him as Belarussian besides Belarus and perhaps Russia? Here he is named as Polish composer:

 --Molobo 23:28, 1 March 2006 (UTC) Here another one:  --Molobo 23:33, 1 March 2006 (UTC) Another one:  --Molobo 23:33, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * So you prefer to disregard "Belarus and perhaps Russia"? No wonder Ghirla is mad at you. mikka (t) 00:08, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

and Belarussian "psia krew" did not pop up out of nowhere. What are you talking about with this statement ? It's just bizarre. First Ghirla now you ? What are those bizarre and weird comments about dog's blood. I'm am sorry to state this but I simply don't understand what you want to communicate to us. --Molobo 23:33, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * "Psia krew" is how my grandgather was referred to by a pan Wisniewski, in reference to low descent of tutejszy populace. Since you didn't recognize the usage of this expression, you are obviously not very much familiar what was in Belarusian lands and how Belarusian szlachta was shy of their descent and willing to forget it and how Posish szlachta was "adopting" the "litvins" to get rid of traces of non-Polish nobility. mikka (t) 00:08, 2 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I am trying to communicate that just as I support your case in the case of Kopernik against Prussian assault, my position is the same here: Orda is called belarusian by belarusians, and this opinion is equally valid, and I don't like the demeaning attitude with respect to this long suffered people who was sucked of all blood and gene fund by Polish and Russians alike. mikka (t) 00:21, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Nationality
Some sources claim that Napoleon was the Belarusian, for example -. Other sources claim that Napoleon was the Lithuanian-Polish descent -. In order to avoid edit wars propose to discuss it on the talk page.Sentinel R (talk) 06:29, 17 June 2010 (UTC)

 * Just why can't Orda be categorized as both Belarusian, Polish and Lithuanian at the same time? People like him could easily identify themselves with any of these three modern nations. Colleagues, don't be childish --Czalex 00:03, 23 November 2010 (UTC)

Compromise Solution
Since there is no consensus as to whether he was Polish-Lithuanian or Belarussian, we change the first paragraph to

Napoleon Orda (February 11, 1807 – April 26, 1883) was a musician, pianist, composer and artist. He is believed by some authorities to be Polish Lithuanian and by others to be Belarussian.

and put in lots of citations for both claims. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.109.156.143 (talk) 22:25, 1 July 2010 (UTC)

removing POV tag with no active discussion per Template:POV
I've removed an old neutrality tag from this page that appears to have no active discussion per the instructions at Template:POV:
 * This template is not meant to be a permanent resident on any article. Remove this template whenever:
 * There is consensus on the talkpage or the NPOV Noticeboard that the issue has been resolved
 * It is not clear what the neutrality issue is, and no satisfactory explanation has been given
 * In the absence of any discussion, or if the discussion has become dormant.

Since there's no evidence of ongoing discussion, I'm removing the tag for now. If discussion is continuing and I've failed to see it, however, please feel free to restore the template and continue to address the issues. Thanks to everybody working on this one! -- Khazar2 (talk) 13:14, 9 July 2013 (UTC)

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Belarus
Why shouldn't he be called a Belarusian artist? He is venerated in Belarus, where he is considered one of the famous Belarusian artists, he was born there, his works are on the Belarusian money, even Google created a doodle for their Belarusian page on his birthday. Most Polish sources called him Polish and you ok with it; Lithuanian called him Lithuanian and you are ok with it; Belarusian sources called him Belarusian and you remove it from the lead entirely. Just why? Artem.G (talk) 08:53, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

 * All we know that he is venerated in Belarus, did he consider himself Belarusian? Marcelus (talk) 08:59, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

 * I agree with . Moreover, I see some contradictions when it comes to Lithuanian and Belarusian identity in such cases, considering it was once the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Orda descended from 'Lithuanian' nobility. Nonetheless, I do not mind adding a sentence about the fact that he is highly regarded and important in Belarus e.g. see Tadeusz Kościuszko. Merangs (talk) 09:17, 20 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Agree, such addition can be a solution. Regarding whether he considered himself a Belarusian - is there any source that says he considered himself a Lithuanian? (Other that "descended from 'Lithuanian' nobility"?) Artem.G (talk) 09:57, 20 July 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Napoleon Orda


text:
Istaria: Chronicles of the Gifted

Istaria: Chronicles of the Gifted is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) developed by American studio Virtrium and originally released by developer Artifact Entertainment and publisher Atari as Horizons: Empire of Istaria. Tulga Games, LLC acquired the game and all related assets on January 25, 2005 and sold them to EI Interactive in July 2006. On July 18, 2007, Virtrium LLC (Vi) acquired the rights to the game.

Set in a sword and sorcery world, the game allows players to be adventurers, crafters, or both, and features a struggle between the "living races" (including the players), and "the Withered Aegis", an army of the undead seeking to destroy all life.

Istaria is unique among MMORPGs in that players may choose a dragon for their avatar. Istaria allows players to build non-instanced player communities with either multi-level underground dragon chambers or ground level communities.

Gameplay
Istaria uses the race/class/level paradigm common to many role-playing games, as well as similar mechanics as other massively multiplayer online games. The goal is to join the forces of the "Gifted" together with other players against the evil hordes of undead, the "Withered Aegis", to build communities, repair broken structures, and solve quests. Unlike other MMORPGs, players do not normally fight each other in player versus player (PvP) battles, but they work together in player versus environment (PvE) battles. To fight in PvP battles, one would have to travel to a designated PvP area, like the Isle of Battles.

Races
There are eleven playable races in Istaria. These include Dragons, in addition to the more biped classes of Human, Elf, Dwarf, Gnome, Half-giant Dryad, Satyr, Fiend, Saris (a catlike anthropomorphic humanoid), and Sslik (an asexual non-anthropomorphic reptilian humanoid).

Biped Classes
There are 28 adventures and 19 trade schools a biped can choose from. The biped classes have the special ability to be able to learn any amount of trade schools. Only one trade and adventure school can be active at a time. Each adventure school adds master-able abilities to the character, which can be used in all other adventure schools, adding additional powers to the character. These abilities can be changed between the schools, as they often have their own disadvantages as well. The adventure schools split up into the healer, mage and warrior paths, as well as hybrid paths.

Dragons
Dragons have one adventure school and three trade schools. In this sense, they are different from bipeds. A dragon starts as a flightless hatchling, but over the course of a lengthy mid-level questline called the "Rite of Passage" can become an adult dragon who is able to fly. In a related series of quests at max Adventure level called the "Ancient Rite of Passage", dragons become the much larger Ancient Dragons, which adds more abilities and an increase to some attributes. During the quest to adulthood, dragons need to decide between two different factions, called the Helian and the Lunus. Helians prefer to use magic in combat, and are more friendly to bipeds. The Lunus prefer to use melee attacks during fights and are less friendly to bipeds. Only dragons are able to fly in Istaria.

Trading and Crafting
The tradeskill system is of a very high grade of complexity. The three dragon trade schools are used to build lairs, scales, spells and crystals. The biped trade school splits up in schools to produce usable items, like clothes, armor, weapons, jewelry, scrolls, potions, food, tools, and spells. The biped trade schools build structures like houses, guild houses, walls, workshops, silos, and consignors. There are about 150 different resources that can be gathered from ore, wood, plants and animals. At higher levels, higher tiered resources are able to be gathered. For example, Copper and Tin are available at tier I, Iron is available at tier II, Steel is available at tier III, Cobalt at tier IV, Mithril at tier V and Adamantium at tier VI. The resources are refined using tools and machines, and are then crafted into final products. During assembly of the final products, players can change the color and improve various qualities and attributes. These production techniques and formulas need to be collected and bought over time. The craft-able equipment is very important to the player, and is unlike other MMORPGs, where trade skills often play a much smaller role. There are over 2000 formulas and techniques that can be collected and stored.

Development
The core concepts behind Istaria before release were to create a zone-less, constantly changing environment in which players would work together to hold back a seemingly unstoppable enemy: the Withered Aegis. This enemy would consist of a few individuals from the Living Races (races that the players belong to), in an unholy alliance with groups of Devils and Demons from another race called the Realm of Blight. The Blight magic would include necromancy, the ability to create zombies from corpses. Due to the co-op nature of the game the Aegis would be entirely AI controlled. According to David Bowman in 2002, "Horizons will not ship with player versus player conflict. Rather, Artifact has chosen to put its full attention to making the player versus environment gameplay the best it can be."

This enemy was originally supposed to be dynamic in nature, launching automatic attacks on player held positions and blighting (capturing) the ground with its evil magic. This proved to be difficult to implement properly in practice, and the battlefront was eventually scaled back into static regions of player and Blight held areas. However, in the years after Horizons launched World Events that would be held. This would allow players to make a permanent mark on the world. While not as cost-effective to maintain as an automated system, this allowed Artifact and Tulga to keep their promise of a changing, interactive world.

After several years, there was no longer any land or lairs to purchase anymore. Only through Plot Reclamations, released by Virtrium in 2008, did owning areas become available to players without a paid account. The Plot Reclamations have since been carried out monthly. With the various updates, new content has been added since 2007. Updates to the client in recent years, along with more powerful computers have significantly reduced lag and improved the stability and smoothness of the game.

Plot Events
When first launched, the Horizons staff established an event-driven storyline. These events revealed the lore and history of Istaria, and occasionally led to the discovery of new, different events.

Originally the game was slated to have weekly events, but since September 2004, they have been drastically reduced in number due to staffing and financial issues at Artifact and, later, Tulga. Some of the events included digging tunnels and building bridges to access new areas, and the freeing of an entire race from magically maintained slavery. Both the Satyr and Dryad races became player accessible through such large-scale, server-wide events.

Prior to the launch of Horizons and the problems that followed, these events and others like them were intended to be ongoing in a continuous fashion. Virtrium added seasonal events held throughout the year: Spring Festival, Summer Festival: Pax Istaria, Fall Festival and Winter Festival: Gnomekindle.

Reception
Istaria suffered from several problems in the first years after launch. Many of these are acknowledged by both the current and former management of the various companies that have owned Istaria. Rick Simmons, the owner of Istaria, has stated that his team is working to rectify these issues as quickly as possible. Istaria suffers from a number of performance issues affecting both the client and the servers. These performance problems are often, and sometimes incorrectly categorized by players as lag. According to David Bowman, former Creative Director of Artifact and President of Tulga Games, "The client combat systems were slow and jerky... while there were many reasons to like the game, most players couldn't get to them past these problems." After several years of stagnation, Istaria no longer had land available for new players to purchase. However, a recent "Plot Reclamation" project has made available many areas which had previously been owned by players who are no longer subscribed. David Bowman: "There was not sufficient enjoyable content for the players, with some promised content systems not making it into the launch."

During the 7th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated Chronicles of the Gifted, then called Horizons: Empire of Istaria, for "Massively Mutliplayer/Persistent World Game of the Year".

Subscription
Istaria has Free Access and Paid Access / Paid Subscriptions. Free Access is a Free-to-play account. Paid Access is a single payment, while Paid Subscription renews automatically each month. Free Access provides a single character slot for any race and is limited to level 15 per adventure and crafting school. With the Property Holder Access / Subscription account, it is possible to have a plot or lair and up to 7 characters. A special feature in the account management allows Basic or Property Holder Access subscriptions to create more characters, to acquire several plots of land or lairs and to log in with multiple characters at the same time in the game from one account.

Servers (Shards)
With the start of Horizons there were three European and eight North American servers, or shards. Because of the many problems at the beginning of Horizons, many players sought other alternatives and as well, some servers saw little use by very few players. In October 2004, the three European Shards (Wind, Ice and Earth) were merged into Unity, the five standard shards (Life, Shadow, Bounty, Twilight and Energy) to Chaos and the three RPG servers (Spirit, Dawn and Expanse) were merged into Order. With the takeover by Virtrium, the Unity shard was shut down at the end of 2007. In April 2008, players on the Unity server got the opportunity to move their characters to Order or Chaos free of charge.

title: Istaria: Chronicles of the Gifted


text:
Phu Phan Mountains

The Phu Phan mountains (ทิวเขาภูพาน,, ) are a range of hills dividing the Khorat Plateau of the Isan region of Thailand into two basins: the northern Sakhon Nakhon Basin, and the southern Khorat Basin.

The silhouette of the Phu Phan Mountains appears in the provincial seal of Kalasin since they form the northern boundary of the province.

The Phu Phan mountains are among the places in Thailand more severely affected by the Illegal logging of Phayung (Siamese Rosewood) trees. Although officially a protected tree, the cutting and trading of the endangered rosewood trees has been going unabated in Thailand's mountainous forested zones, even in the protected areas. In Thailand and in China this wood is highly valued in the furniture industry.

Etymology
The name of the range is derived from the characteristic tabletop shape of its peaks, for phan is a kind of traditional tray on a pedestal.

Phu is the word for mountain in the Isan/Lao language (as opposed to khao in central and southern Thai and doi in northern Thai).

Geography
The Phu Phan Mountains rise above the plateau and are not prominent. They straddle most of the provinces of northern and eastern Isan, including Khon Kaen, Nong Bua Lamphu, Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom, Kalasin, Roi Et, Maha Sarakham, and Mukdahan Province.

The highest elevation of the Phu Phan Range is the 641 m high summit known as Phu Lang Ka. It is in Nakhon Phanom Province. Other important peaks are 624 m high Phu Mai Hia in Mukdahan Province and the 563 m high summit known as Phu Langka Nuea in Nakhon Phanom Province.

The hills are mostly deforested, although patches covered with mixed deciduous forest remain in zones spread across the range.

Phu Phan Royal Palace is in the area, as is the Nam Un dam. Other local sights are Lake Nong Han near Sakon Nakhon and the Khmer-style chedi ruins of Phu Phek, dating from 1050.

Protected areas
The area of the Phu Phan mountains includes national parks and other protected areas:
 * Phu Phan National Park
 * Phu Wiang National Park
 * Than Ngam Forest Park
 * Kosam Phi Forest Park
 * Nam Phong National Park
 * Phu Faek Forest Park
 * Phu Kao–Phu Phan Kham National Park
 * Phu Pha Lek National Park
 * Huai Huat National Park (Phu Pha Yon)
 * Phu Phra Bat Buabok Forest Park

title: Phu Phan Mountains


text:
Santa Maria sopra Minerva

Santa Maria sopra Minerva is one of the major churches of the Order of Preachers (also known as the Dominicans) in Rome, Italy. The church's name derives from the fact that the first Christian church structure on the site was built directly over (sopra) the ruins or foundations of a temple dedicated to the Egyptian goddess Isis, which had been erroneously ascribed to the Greco-Roman goddess Minerva (possibly due to interpretatio romana).

The church is located in Piazza della Minerva one block east the Pantheon in the Pigna rione of Rome within the ancient district known as the Campus Martius. The present church and disposition of surrounding structures is visible in a detail from the Nolli Map of 1748.

While many other medieval churches in Rome have been given Baroque makeovers that cover Gothic structures, the Minerva is the only extant example of original Gothic architecture church building in Rome. Behind a restrained Renaissance style façade the Gothic interior features arched vaulting that was painted blue with gilded stars and trimmed with brilliant red ribbing in a 19th-century Neo-Gothic restoration.

The church and adjoining convent served at various times throughout its history as the Dominican Order's headquarters. Today the headquarters have been re-established in their original location at the Roman convent of Santa Sabina. The titulus of Sanctae Mariae supra Minervam was conferred upon Cardinal António Marto, on 28 June 2018.

History
In Roman times there were three temples in what is now the area surrounding the basilica and former convent buildings: the Minervium, built by Gnaeus Pompey in honour of the goddess Minerva about 50 BC, referred to as Delubrum Minervae; the Iseum dedicated to Isis, and the Serapeum dedicated to Serapis. Details of the temple to Minerva are not known but recent investigations indicate that a small round Minervium once stood a little further to the east on the Piazza of the Collegio Romano. In 1665 an Egyptian obelisk was found, buried in the garden of the Dominican cloister adjacent to the church. Several other small obelisks were found at different times near the church, known as the Obelisci Isei Campensis, which were probably brought to Rome during the 1st century and grouped in pairs, with others, at the entrances of the temple of Isis. There are other Roman survivals in the crypt.

The ruined temple is likely to have lasted until the reign of Pope Zachary (741-752), who finally Christianized the site, offering it to Basilian nuns from Constantinople who maintained an oratorium there dedicated to the "Virgin of Minervum". The structure he commissioned has disappeared.

In 1255 Pope Alexander IV established a community of converted women on the site. A decade later this community was transferred to the Roman Church of San Pancrazio thereby allowing the Dominicans to establish a convent of friars and a studium conventuale there. The Friars were on site beginning in 1266 but took official possession of the Church in 1275. Aldobrandino Cavalcanti (1279), vicarius Urbis or vicar for Pope Gregory X, and an associate of Thomas Aquinas ratified the donation of Santa Maria sopra Minerva to the Dominicans of Santa Sabina by the sisters of S. Maria in Campo Marzio. The ensemble of buildings that formed around the church and convent came to be known as the insula sapientae or insula dominicana (island of wisdom or Dominican island).

The Dominicans began building the present Gothic church in 1280 modelling it on their church in Florence Santa Maria Novella. Architectural plans were probably drawn up during the pontificate of Nicholas III by two Dominican friars, Fra Sisto Fiorentino and Fra Ristoro da Campi. With the help of funds contributed by Boniface VIII and the faithful the side aisles were completed in the 14th century.

In 1453 church interior construction was finally completed when Cardinal Juan Torquemada ordered that the main nave be covered by a vault that reduced the overall projected height of the church. In the same year of 1453 Count Francesco Orsini sponsored the construction of the façade at his own expense. However work on the façade remained incomplete until 1725 when it was finally finished by order of Pope Benedict XIII.

In 1431, the Church and the adjacent Convent of the Dominicans was the site of  a Papal conclave. The city of Rome was in an uproar upon the death of Pope Martin V (Colonna), whose family had dominated Roman political life for fifteen years, and enriched themselves on the wealth of the Church. There was fighting in the streets on a daily basis, and the Plaza in front of the Minerva, because of the configuration of streets, houses, church and monastery, could easily be fortified and defended. The Sacristy of the Church served as the meeting hall for the fourteen cardinals (out of nineteen) who attended the Conclave, which began on 1 March 1431. The dormitory of the monks in the Convent to the immediate north of the Church, served as the living quarters for the cardinals and their refectory and kitchen. On 3 March they elected Cardinal Gabriele Condulmaro, who took the name Eugenius IV. A second Conclave was held at the Minerva, on 4–6 March 1447, following the death of Pope Eugenius, once again in the midst of disturbances involving the Orsini supporters of Pope Eugenius and his enemies the Colonna. Eighteen cardinals (out of a total of twenty-six) were present and elected Cardinal Tommaso Parentucelli da Sarzana as Pope Nicholas V.

The Minerva has been a titular church since 1557, and a minor basilica since 1566. The church's first titular cardinal was Michele Ghislieri who became Pope Pius V in 1566. He raised the church to the level of minor basilica in that same year.

In the 16th century Giuliano da Sangallo made changes in the choir area, and in 1600 Carlo Maderno enlarged the apse, added Baroque decorations and created the present façade with its pilastered tripartite division in Renaissance style. Marks on this façade dating back to the 16th and 17th centuries indicate various flood levels of the Tiber 65 ft.

Between 1848 and 1855 Girolamo Bianchedi directed an important program of restoration when most of the Baroque additions were removed and the blank walls were covered with neo-gothic frescos giving the interior the Neo-Gothic appearance that it has today.

The basilica's stained glass windows are mostly from the 19th century. In 1909, the great organ was constructed by the firm of Carlo Vegezzi Bossi. The organ was restored in 1999.

The inscriptions found in S. Maria sopra Minerva have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.

Convent and Studium
In 1288 the theology component of the provincial curriculum for the education of the friars was relocated from the studium provinciale at the Roman basilica of Santa Sabina to the studium conventuale at Santa Maria sopra Minerva which was redesignated as a studium particularis theologiae. At various times in its history this studium served as a studium generale for the Roman province of the Order.

College of Saint Thomas
The late 16th century saw the studium at Santa Maria sopra Minerva undergo transformation. Thomas Aquinas, who had been canonized in 1323 by Pope John XXII, was proclaimed the fifth Latin Doctor of the Church by Pius V in 1567. In his honor, in 1577 the Spanish Dominican Msgr. Juan Solano, O.P., former bishop of Cusco, Peru, funded the reorganization of the studium at the convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva on the model of the College of St. Gregory at Valladolid in his native Spain. The result of Solano's initiative, which underwent structural change shortly before Solano's death in 1580, was the College of Saint Thomas (Collegium Divi Thomae) at Santa Maria sopra Minerva. The college occupied several existing convent structures, and new construction was required. At that time the convent underwent considerable reconstruction to accommodate the college and the cloister was redesigned so that side chapels could be added to the church's northern flank. A detail from the Nolli Map of 1748 gives some idea of the disposition of buildings when the Minerva convent housed the College of St. Thomas.

Offices of the Inquisition
On 14 September 1628, by papal decree, the convent of Minerva was designated as the seat of the Congregation of the Holy Office. It thus became the place where the tribunal of the Roman Inquisition set up by Paul III in 1542 held the Secret Congregation meetings during which the sentences were read out. It was in a room of the Minerva Convent on 22 June 1633 that the father of modern astronomy Galileo Galilei, after being tried for heresy, abjured his scientific theses, i.e. those of the Copernican theory.

In the late 18th and early 19th century the suppression of religious orders hampered the mission of the Order and the College of St. Thomas. During the French occupation of Rome from 1797 to 1814 the college declined and even briefly closed its doors from 1810 to 1815. The Order gained control of the convent once again in 1815, only for it to be expropriated by the Italian government in 1870.

In 1873 the Collegium Divi Thomæ de Urbe was forced to leave the Minerva for good, eventually being relocated at the convent of Saints Dominic and Sixtus in 1932 and being transformed into the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum in 1963.

The Dominicans eventually were allowed to return to the Minerva and part of the convent.

Interior
Among several important works of art in the church are Michelangelo's statue Cristo della Minerva (1521) and the late 15th-century (1488–93) cycle of frescos in the Carafa Chapel by Filippino Lippi. The basilica also houses many funerary monuments including the tombs of Doctor of the Church Saint Catherine of Siena (1347-1380), who was a member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic; the Dominican friar Blessed Fra Angelico (c. 1395–1455); and ornate monuments to the Medici popes: Leo X (born Giovanni de Medici, c. 1475–1521) and Clement VII (born Giulio de Medici, c. 1478–1534), designed by Baccio Bandinelli.

Carafa Chapel
The Carafa Chapel, with late 15th-century frescoes (1488–1493) by Filippino Lippi, was commissioned by Cardinal Oliviero Carafa in honour of Saint Thomas Aquinas. There are two Marian scenes, the Annunciation and the Assumption; over the altar is his St Thomas presenting Cardinal Carafa to the Blessed Virgin, and on the right-hand wall his Glory of St Thomas. It was inaugurated in 1493, and is also known as the Chapel of St Thomas Aquinas. The relics of St Thomas Aquinas were kept in this chapel until 1511, when they were moved to Naples. Designed by Pirro Ligorio in 1559, the tomb of Gian Pietro Carafa, who became Pope Paul IV in 1555, is also in the chapel.

Cappella Capranica
The chapel is also known as the Chapel of the Rosary. The stucco ceiling was made in 1573 by Marcello Venusti. The chapel contains the tomb of Cardinal Domenico Capranica by Andrea Bregno.

Michelangelo's Cristo della Minerva
The Cristo della Minerva, also known as Christ the Redeemer or Christ Carrying the Cross, is a marble sculpture by Michelangelo Buonarroti, finished in 1521, located to the left of the main altar.

Cappella Aldobrandini
The Aldobrandini chapel was designed by Giacomo della Porta but it is Carlo Maderno that completed della Porta's project (after 1602). It was consecrated in 1611. The canvas depicting the Institution of the Eucharist and dated from 1594 is by Federico Fiori. The monument to the parents of Pope Clement VIII, Salvestro Aldobrandini and Luisa Dati, is by Giacomo della Porta. The first Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament to be approved by the Holy See was established in this chapel, with St. Ignatius of Loyola as one of its earliest members. This chapel contains the Federico Barocci altarpiece depicting the Communion of the Apostles.

Cappella Raymond of Penyafort
The chapel dedicated to Raymond of Penyafort houses the tomb of Cardinal Juan Díaz de Coca, by Andrea Bregno. The ceiling fresco Jesus Christ as a Judge, between two angels is by Melozzo da Forlì.

Other major artworks

 * Annunciation (1485), by Antoniazzo Romano - shows Cardinal Juan de Torquemada OP presenting girls who received a dowry by his Guild of the Annunciation to the Virgin. The cardinal is buried nearby.
 * The tombs of the Popes Leo X and Clement VII by Baccio Bandinelli (1541)
 * Tomb of Urban VII
 * Tomb of Fra Angelico, by Isaia da Pisa (1455)
 * Tomb of Guillaume Durand the Elder, Bishop of Mende (1285-1296), the 13th-century canonist; signed by Giovanni di Cosma (1296)
 * Memorial to Maria Raggi, by Gian Lorenzo Bernini (between 1647 and 1653)
 * Tomb of Cardinal Domenico Pimentel by Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1653)
 * Tomb of Francesco Tornabuoni (1480), one of the best works by Mino da Fiesole

Burials
Saint Catherine of Siena is buried here (except her head, which is in the Basilica of San Domenico in Siena). Beyond the sacristy, the room where she died in 1380 was reconstructed here by Antonio Barberini in 1637. This room is the first transplanted interior, and the progenitor of familiar 19th and 20th century museum "period rooms." The frescoes by Antoniazzo Romano that decorated the original walls, however, are now lost.

The famous early Renaissance painter Fra Angelico died in the adjoining convent and was buried in the church. (He had painted a fresco cycle in the cloister on the initiative of Cardinal Juan de Torquemada, but those paintings have not survived.)

Before the construction of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, the Minerva served as the church in Rome of the Florentines, and therefore it contains numerous tombs of prelates, nobles and citizens coming from that Tuscan city. For example, the elaborate tombs of the Medici Popes - Leo X (Giovanni de Medici) and Clement VII (Giulio de Medici) - are located here, designed by Florentine sculptor Baccio Bandinelli. Curiously, Diotisalvi Neroni, a refugee who had taken part in the plot against Piero de' Medici, is also buried in the church.

The tombs of Popes Urban VII and Paul IV are located in Santa Maria sopra Minerva, as are the Cardinal-nephew of Pope Nicholas III Latino Malabranca Orsini, Michel Mazarin (Archbishop of Aix) who was the brother of Cardinal Jules Mazarin, the Byzantine philosopher George of Trebizond, and two Renaissance theorists and practitioners, Filarete in architecture and Mariano Santo in surgery.

Cardinal Astorgio Agnensi has his tomb monument in the cloister.

List of cardinal-priests from Santa Maria sopra Minerva

 * 1557–1566 Michele Ghisleri (later Pope Pius V)
 * 1566–1589 Michele Bonelli
 * 1589–1602 Girolamo Bernerio
 * 1602–1608 François-Marie Thaurusi
 * 1608–1616 Filippo Spinelli
 * 1621–1639 Giulio Roma
 * 1643–1654 Giambattista Altieri
 * 1655–1679 Jean François Paul de Gondi
 * 1679–1694 Philip Howard of Norfolk
 * 1694–1699 José Saenz d'Aguirre
 * 1701–1729 Louis Antoine de Noailles
 * 1729–1730 Agustín Pipia
 * 1730–1747 Philipp Ludwig von Sinzendorf
 * 1747–1762 Daniele Delfino
 * 1758–1770 Giuseppe Pozzobonelli
 * 1770–1782 Scipione Borghese
 * 1783–1787 Tommaso Maria Ghilini
 * 1787–1800 Vincenzo Ranuzzi
 * 1801–1814 Giulio Maria della Somaglia
 * 1816–1822 Francesco Fontana
 * 1823–1828 Francesco Bertazzoli
 * 1829–1832 Benedetto Barberini
 * 1832–1836 Giuseppe Maria Velzi
 * 1838–1850 Antonio Francesco Orioli
 * 1850–1854 Raffaele Fornari
 * 1857–1860 Francesco Gaude
 * 1861–1864 Gaetano Bedini
 * 1868–1870 Matteo Eustachio Gonella
 * 1875–1885 John McCloskey
 * 1887–1894 Zeferino González y Díaz Tuñón
 * 1895–1896 Egidio Mauri
 * 1896–1909 Serafino Cretoni
 * 1911–1918 John Murphy Farley
 * 1919–1922 Teodoro Valfre di Bonzo
 * 1922–1926 Stanislas Touchet
 * 1926–1929 Giuseppe Gamba
 * 1930–1938 Giulio Serafini
 * 1939–1946 Eugène Tisserant
 * 1946–1965 Clemente Micara
 * 1967–1974 Antonio Samorè
 * 1976–1977 Dino Staffa
 * 1979–1998 Anastasio Ballestrero
 * 2001–2017 Cormac Murphy-O'Connor
 * 2018–present António Marto

Minerva's Pulcino

In front of the church there is one of the most curious monuments of Rome, the so-called Pulcino della Minerva. It is a statue designed by the Baroque era sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini (and executed by his pupil Ercole Ferrata in 1667) of an elephant as the supporting base for the Egyptian obelisk found in the Dominicans' garden. It is the shortest of the eleven Egyptian obelisks in Rome and is said to have been one of two obelisks moved from Sais, where they were built during the 589 BC-570 BC reign of the pharaoh Apries, from the Twenty-sixth dynasty of Egypt. The two obelisks were brought to Rome by Diocletian, during his reign as emperor from 284 to 305, for placement at the Temple of Isis, which stood nearby. The Latin inscription on the base, chosen by the pope who commissioned the sculpture to support the obelisk found on the site, Alexander VII, is said to represent that "...a strong mind is needed to support a solid knowledge".

The inspiration for the unusual composition came from Hypnerotomachia Poliphili ("Poliphilo's Dream of the Strife of Love"), an unusual 15th century novel probably by Francesco Colonna. The novel's main character meets an elephant made of stone carrying an obelisk, and the accompanying woodcut illustration in the book is quite similar to Bernini's design for the base for the obelisk. The curious placement of the obelisk through the body of the elephant is identical.

The sturdy appearance of the structure earned it the popular nickname of "Porcino" ("Piggy") for a while. The name for the structure eventually changed to Pulcino, the Italian for a small or little "chick". This may have been a reference to the comparatively short height of the obelisk or, an obscure reference to the major charity of the Dominicans to assist young women needing dowries, who made a procession in the courtyard every year. The latter were once depicted in a local painting as three tiny figures with the Virgin Mary presenting purses to them.

Cultural references
The elephant and obelisk monument and the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva feature in the novel 'The Tomb of Alexander' by Sean Hemingway. In the novel it is claimed that a secret passageway beneath the church leads to a chamber beneath the elephant monument which contains the body of Alexander the Great, placed there in the 17th century by Pope Alexander VII. This is entirely a work of fiction and the theory is unproven.

Dalí's painting 'Les Elephants' includes two elephants with long spindly legs that appear to be carrying obelisks; on closer inspection, the obelisks are floating. Dalí also utilizes this motif in Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening (1944) and The Temptation of Saint Anthony (1946). See Monica Bowen's blog Alberti's Window.

title: Santa Maria sopra Minerva


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Kantrum

Kantrum (កន្ត្រឹម, กันตรึม) is a type of folk music played by the Khmer in Isan, Thailand, living near the border with Cambodia. It is a fast, traditional dance music. In its purest form, cho-kantrum, singers, percussion and fiddles dominate the sound. A more modern form using electric instrumentation arose in the mid-1980s.

Language
Kantrum is interesting from a linguistic perspective. As the Khmer native to Thailand are bilingual, kantrum songs can be sung in Thai (Isan dialect), Northern Khmer or a combination of the two. In the case of the later, it is most common that a complete verse will be sung in Thai followed by a reciprocating verse in Khmer. However, code switching between the two languages within the same verse also occurs, lending to a wide variety of possibilities for rhyming and tonal euphony.

Performers
In the late-1980s, Darkie became the genre's biggest star, crossing into mainstream markets in the later 1990s. In the mid-2010s, Darkie found popularity online, particularly among Westerners, for his song Sat Tee Touy. Another artist known for Kantrum is Chalermpol Malakham, although he is also a popular performer of the Luk Thung and Morlam styles of music.

title: Kantrum