text:
Talk:Millennium Stadium

Other Millennium Stadiums
I vaguely recall at the time of there being plans for three Millennium Stadiums- (i.e. given Millennium Commission Money improvemnts) Hampden Park in Scotland, The Commonwelath Games/ City of Machester Stadium in England. Anyone got any sources for this and when the term Millennium Stadium became specifically associated with the Arms Park site and not a generic term for Millennium Commission supported stadiums?

Untitled
Crowd of 75,100 was present (BBC) for Wales v Scotland, Rugby Union, Six Nations, 10 February 2008. Just wondering how that's possible if the capacity is 74,500. BBC did say it was the biggest crowd ever there. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 121.129.218.91 (talk) 15:55, 9 February 2008 (UTC)
 * They have recently added extra seating, although I do not believe it is permanent, and so is not taken into account in the official capacity. Nouse4aname (talk) 14:04, 20 March 2008 (UTC)

Millenium Stadium, yes! largest stadium with a retractible roof, but the second in Europe. The Amsterdam Arena was first. Not a great photo really.

Nothing about the lucky/un-lucky dressing rooms ... an unbeaten run ended by Brentford FC

This article really needs a Six Nations rugby image. Narrasawa 10:43, 26 October 2006 (UTC)

Millennium Stadium/Arms Park/National Stadium
I removed "Cardiff Arms Park" from the "former names" section of the info box. The stadium has only ever been called the Millennium Stadium. It was built to replace the old "National Stadium", which was never (officially) called the Arms Park (although unofficially, and incorrectly, many people did refer to the old stadium as the Arms Park). The Arms Park refers to the area of land on which the two stadia are built (Millennium Stadium and the Cardiff RFC Ground). The Cardiff RFC/Cardiff Blues Ground is the stadium that is actually known as the Arms Park. Nouse4aname 14:12, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

Millennium Stadium is Smaller Than Twickenham
The Millennium Stadium Was Third Largest Stadium in the United Kingdom When Redevelopment of Twickenham Was complete on 5th November 2006, And Wembley Stadium Was completed on The 9th March 2007 so it is the fourth Largest Stadium. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 86.21.231.38 (talk) 18:39, 12 May 2007 (UTC).

WHy were the cup finals not held in Twickenham? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ajuk (talk • contribs) 13:34, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:Millennium Stadium logo.jpg
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Live Rugby World Cup Semi-Final Screening
I have added this section to the article but I am unsure that the title is suitable. Any suggestions? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wacky WeLsH LaD (talk • contribs) 15:17, 11 October 2011 (UTC)

Stadium renaming
I've just reverted an edit which renamed the stadium the "Principality Stadium", since the new sponsorship deal isn't taking effect until January 2016. Can we please desist from changing the article until it can be properly updated at the proper time (except maybe for noting that the renaming is to take place), including giving an official Welsh translation of the name (Stadiwm y Tywysogaeth perhaps?). -- Arwel Parry (talk) 17:22, 8 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Agreed. I already requested that the page be 'move protected' at WP:RFPP, but the request was declined. Btw, I doubt that "Principality" would be translated in the Welsh version since it's the name of a company, hence the translation would be "Stadiwm Principality". – PeeJay 18:37, 8 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Ugh! Horrible name. Yes, I've noticed in the past on adverts on S4C they call the building society "Principality" even in Welsh adverts. All the more reason to wait until they officially announce what the name will be! -- Arwel Parry (talk) 21:24, 9 September 2015 (UTC)
 * Reverted edits with Principality Stadium - the stadium will not be renamed as the "Principality Stadium" until 1 January 2016. Seth Whales   talk    23:47, 27 November 2015 (UTC)
 * And even then, it's only a temporary name for the duration of the sponsorship deal. Per conventions in other sports, there's no reason to move this article even after 1 January. – PeeJay 16:40, 20 December 2015 (UTC)
 * Agreed. I've just made a null edit on the redirect Principality Stadium to prevent anyone moving the article to that title without going through RM, as experience suggests a move war is inevitable. Number   5  7  20:21, 20 December 2015 (UTC)

Sionk has recently made a few changes that might be a bit contentious, judging from this discussion. They have replaced "Millennium Stadium" with "Principality Stadium" in several places in the article and have added an entirely new section on the new name, which seems like WP:UNDUE attention to me. They also tagged the redirect at Principality Stadium for G6 speedy deletion, which I declined as possibly controversial. Please discuss amongst yourselves. larryv (talk) 20:26, 22 January 2016 (UTC)
 * It's a 10-year naming rights agreement. I don't really understand the paranoia. Sionk (talk) 20:46, 22 January 2016 (UTC)
 * I agree with Sionk. However it is interesting that the name "Millennium Stadium" was itself a deal between the Welsh Rugby Union and the Millennium Commission...see this article "The Millennium Commission's contribution to the building of a new national stadium was recognised in its original naming..." Therefore the stadium doesn't have a non-sponsorship name, so I see no problem in renaming the whole article from "Millennium Stadium" to "Principality Stadium". Seth Whales   talk    00:06, 23 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Except the stadium is still owned by a company called Millennium Stadium plc, and when the Principality naming deal ends, the stadium will revert to being the Millennium Stadium (unless another naming deal is entered into). – PeeJay 09:17, 23 January 2016 (UTC)
 * To be honest, I won't lose sleep if the article remains under "Millennium Stadium" for now. I'm sure many people will continue to refer to it by its old name (similarly to the nearby Cardiff International Arena, which has a 5-year naming agreement with Motorpoint). But the 'controversy' above seems nothing more than a desire to keep the article name the same until the official rebranding (which has now taken place). Its new name is literally up in lights, bilingually too. A ten-year agreement certainly isn't temporary, by most people's definition of the word. The name will quickly become familiar, I'm sure - it has been signposted in the news for months and is used in the publicity/timetable for the Six Nations Championship. Sionk (talk) 09:40, 23 January 2016 (UTC)
 * I'm actually pretty sure most people would define 10 years as temporary. It's not permanent, after all; there's a defined end point to the sponsorship by Principality (barring any extension), which is the very definition of temporary. – PeeJay 13:18, 23 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Well, I should have expected pedantry on Wikipedia :) Instead I will say 10 years is not short term. And as you suggest, the sponsorship may be extended so the period is at least ten years. Many "Millennium" epithets are being changed as the turn of the century becomes a more distant memory. It would be bizarre if the name reverted back after the current naming deal ends. Sionk (talk) 15:28, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

*Following submission of an Uncontroversial technical request there is now a requested move discussion at Talk:Millenium Stadium. Philg88 ♦talk 07:45, 4 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I just closed that as a malformed (misplaced) request. I'm thinking that changes in sponsored stadium names should generally be not be controversial, and take effect concurrently with the official name change (when the naming contract takes effect), but given the lengthy discussion above, opening a new requested move section immediately below this section might be advised. Wbm1058 (talk) 14:09, 4 February 2016 (UTC)
 * It would be controversial given that we usually avoid sponsored names where a common alternative exists (e.g. City of Manchester Stadium, Dean Court, Falmer Stadium, Pride Park and so on). Number   5  7  14:33, 4 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I see. It seems that UK stadium naming conventions vary a bit from American stadium naming conventions in this regard. Wbm1058 (talk) 14:48, 4 February 2016 (UTC)

 * I feel it is quite legitimate to include the controversy over name change. I feel that the edit to delete this issue should itself either be reverted or better still, condensed into one sentence, either way I feel it should stay. Your thoughts. Seth Whales   talk    11:22, 7 February 2016 (UTC)
 * The opposition seems very minor (a Facebook campaign), so it's questionably important but maybe worth a mention. The issue about Principality/Country is irrelevant and a synthesis of two separate events to construct an argument. Mind you I think the section could be expanded slightly to say when the name change was announced, with a mention of the initial reaction. Sionk (talk) 11:46, 7 February 2016 (UTC)

Requested move 13 February 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: No consensus to move after nearly a month of discussion. Cúchullain t/ c 15:36, 10 March 2016 (UTC)

Millennium Stadium → Principality Stadium – The name of the Millennium Stadium officially changed on 22 January to the Principality Stadium. The new name had been flagged up for about four months beforehand and is now written large on the front of the edifice. We are currently in the middle of the Six Nations rugby championship and the stadium is publicised as the Principality Stadium on all media, across several countries. Even though we are only a few weeks since the official renaming, I would argue that Principality Stadium is quickly becoming the WP:COMMONNAME. Earlier opposition to renaming the article has come (quite rightly) from people who have argued that the name change hadn't come into effect yet. That argument is now in the past. Others have more recently argued that Principality Stadium isn't its real name, and the new name is only 'temporary'. I would counter-argue that 10 years is certainly not short term and we have no guarantee at all (in fact it seems unlikely) that in 2025 the name will revert to Millennium Stadium. Though this initial hesitation to change the article name is understandable, there is little evidence of any 'real world' opposition to the name change, so we need to reflect the real world situation and move the article. Sionk (talk) 13:38, 13 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Support - I agree with the argument. I also propose that the article should be renamed. Seth Whales   talk    21:07, 13 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose We avoid using sponsored names for stadiums where there is a well-known alternative. See, for example, Bescot Stadium, City of Manchester Stadium, Crown Ground, Dean Court, Falmer Stadium, New Meadow, Pride Park and many more – all have sponsored names but we use the common alternative. This convention was pointed out in the section above, so it's disappointing to see it ignored. Number   5  7  21:37, 13 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I didn't ignore it, I raised WP:COMMONNAME as a counter argument. I fail to see any logic in refusing to rename the Bescot Stadium article, for example, 12 years after the stadium's name changed. This sort of 'policy' doesn't reflect the real world. Are you saying you don't like sponsorship and if the renaming was for a different reason you'd have no problem? How do we explain the Motorpoint Arena Cardiff, a few hundred metres from the Millennium Stadium? Sionk (talk) 01:02, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * As far as I'm aware, the Motorpoint Arena isn't a football ground, and the convention is applied to football grounds. As for the Bescot, I don't believe I've ever heard anyone refer to it by its sponsored name when talking about the club. Number   5  7  12:24, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Continuing the discussion, why isn't the article about the Arsenal foolball stadium called Ashburton Grove instead of the Emirates Stadium? I agree there should be consistency, but I would suggest every football fan knows Emirates Stadium, not Ashburton Grove. Maybe this whole "convention" should be looked at again. Seth Whales   talk    10:51, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * There is almost always one exception to a rule, and Ashburton Grove is always brought up any time this discussion happens by an opponent of the convention as "proof" it doesn't exist. However, I would suggest that the number of examples cited above (plus Colchester Community Stadium, Boundary Park, Broadhall Way, Deva Stadium, Holker Street – and I can list many more if you still have your doubts) show that there is indeed consistency. Number   5  7  12:24, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I notice that the page move discussion for possibly the most well known stadium you've cited, City of Manchester Stadium, was no consensus. Many of the others have not had a discussion (and some do not even mention the name change in the article). I'm not seeing an overall consensus, so I think each should be taken on its merits. Maybe it's premature to suggest an article move for Millennium Stadium though, as I say, with the international Six Nations rugby championship the media have quickly adopted the new name. Sionk (talk) 12:48, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * In the COMS discussion, every member of the football WikiProject opposed the move – the only supporters were outsiders who were not aware of the convention. By all means as the question at WT:FOOTY though. Number   5  7  13:48, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I didn't know that there were any "outsiders" in Wikipedia. The convention in American sports stadium articles appears to be to change to the new sponsorship name as mentioned above. To me this makes sense. No matter whether editors like it or not, we should think of the public who just want the current information, not what a stadium was called years ago. The City of Manchester Stadium should also change to the the Etihad Stadium etc. etc. Seth Whales   talk    19:50, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * I simply meant that if you don't edit in a certain topic area, you're likely to be unfamiliar with conventions in that topic area. I'm not sure why you'd imply that I don't like the public getting the current information; the first sentence of the article states the situation very clearly: "The Millennium Stadium (Welsh: Stadiwm y Mileniwm), currently named the Principality Stadium (Welsh: Stadiwm Principality) for sponsorship purposes...". Plus, of course, there's a redirect. Number   5  7  20:28, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Ah the truth slips out, people who disagree are outsiders. A more direct and truthful introduction to this article would be "The Principality Stadium, previously named the Millennium Stadium in honour of the Millennium Commission...". Sionk (talk) 21:52, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose - As a layman with a casual interest in sports, I hadn't heard about the name change at all until this weekend. That the media are using it is generally a good argument, but the media in such cases are prone to go with sponsored names (in a way that they probably would not with 'political' renames). I would argue that news usage should take second place to general and common usage in this case of recent change. Give it a year, till then stick with a redirect. Imc (talk) 18:01, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose - we don't use sponsored names for stadiums or leagues etc. GiantSnowman 19:56, 14 February 2016 (UTC)
 * A pillar of Wikipedia is to Ignore All Rules. The question should be "What makes sense?". For me this "convention" just doesn't.  Seth Whales   talk    20:16, 14 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose - It appears Wikipedia doesn't rename stadium articles when sponsorship changes. As long as Principality Stadium redirects here (which it does) then no need to move. I struggle to believe that the majority of people will refer to this as anything other than Millennium Stadium Jeni  ( talk ) 17:40, 15 February 2016 (UTC)
 * From the Wikipedia policy on article titles "Sometimes, the subject of an article will undergo a change of name. When this occurs, COMMONNAME still applies, but we give extra weight to sources written after the name change is announced. If the sources written after the change is announced routinely use the new name, Wikipedia should follow suit and change relevant titles to match. If, on the other hand, sources written after the name change is announced continue to use the established name, Wikipedia should continue to do so as well, per COMMONNAME." Maybe we should just wait a couple of months until "...sources written after the change is announced routinely use the new name, Wikipedia should follow suit and change relevant titles to match." Seth Whales   talk    20:43, 16 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Support if media coverage of this year's Six Nations, and also any future events at the stadium, are indeed making "Principality Stadium" the common name. (Basically, agreeing with everything in the quotation above.) I know that most of us will take a while to adjust to "Principality Stadium", but it was the same when the Arms Park became the Millennium Stadium, so that shouldn't really be a factor. Ham II (talk) 16:59, 19 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Here's a start: published today; uses "Principality Stadium" Ham II (talk) 18:21, 19 February 2016 (UTC)

 * Oppose - I am not against using sponsorship names per se - WP:COMMONNAME trumps any convention to that effect. I am vigorously opposed to the name City of Manchester Stadium, for example - in that instance, it's absolutely clear that reliable sources use the Etihad, just as they use Emirates Stadium, and that title flouts our policies. However, in this case, it is way too soon to make a call on this. Common name reflects usage in reliable sources such as books and newspapers, and we will only be sure if the new name has taken root in a majority of those sources in maybe six months to a year. There is no rush on this. Thanks — Amakuru (talk) 16:44, 25 February 2016 (UTC)
 * Oppose. I'm admittedly one of the Ashburton Grove extremists, and I believe non-North-American stadiums should never use sponsored names if an alternative is in common use per WP:COMMONNAME.  ONR (talk)  18:46, 25 February 2016 (UTC)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by Old Naval Rooftops (talk • contribs)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Assessment comment
Substituted at 00:06, 30 April 2016 (UTC)

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Article name
Why is the name of this article not "Principality Stadium"? Thanks. Martinevans123 (talk) 17:05, 16 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Have been wondering the same thing! That's the official name on the website after all. Rodney Baggins (talk) 17:10, 16 March 2019 (UTC)
 * I think it should be renamed in honour of an epic and historic Six Nations Grand Slam victory! Martinevans123 (talk) 17:12, 16 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes congratulations!! I think that stadium must be cursed (for the away teams) because England played like amateurs a couple of weeks ago and Ireland weren't much better today. As for the article, I'd just go ahead and rename it Martin. I don't think you'll get any opposition. Rodney Baggins (talk) 17:17, 16 March 2019 (UTC)
 * I think it only polite to wait for at least 80 minutes or so while a certain team tries to win the consolation prize. Martinevans123 (talk) 17:24, 16 March 2019 (UTC)
 * Wow, they couldn't actually manage that. But any objections to name change here? Thanks. Martinevans123 (talk) 19:08, 16 March 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm not opposed to the article name changing but I think the reason why the article name wasn't immediately changed was probably because the common name for the stadium is still "Millennium Stadium" among locals and maybe others, even though the official name is now "Principality Stadium", because I do recall the official name for the Trafford Centre in Greater Manchester is "intu Trafford Centre" but because the common name is "Trafford Centre", it was decided after a discussion there that the article name should remain as it is as per Wikipedia:COMMONNAME. However, as I don't live in Wales or Cardiff, I don't fully know if the same principle applies here so if people support the change, I'm not opposed to it. Broman178 (talk) 11:32, 1 April 2019 (UTC)
 * There is a sort of unofficial policy on Wikipedia, at least on this side of the Atlantic, that we shouldn't use sponsored stadium names in cases where unsponsored names exist. We use Murrayfield Stadium, not BT Murrayfield; we use City of Manchester Stadium, not Etihad Stadium. The reason is because sponsored names are by definition transitory; while some have entered the public consciousness, especially in the case of more recent stadiums, the traditional name is usually the common name, and we should use that name as the article title. The same applies here. – PeeJay 12:00, 1 April 2019 (UTC)

The stadium was initially sponsored by the Millennium Commission. But on the basis of WP:COMMONNAME it's still well-known as the Millennium Stadium - I was watching the final match of the Six Nations and the commentator in the studio said "Millen... Principality Stadium" at least once. All the same, they'll come a time, sooner rather than later, when the article title should be updated. Sionk (talk) 12:24, 1 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Are you sure that receiving funding from the Millennium Commission is akin to sponsorship? By that argument, you could say that the Millennium Dome is a sponsored name, which I'm not sure is the case. – PeeJay 13:04, 1 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Millennium Stadium


text:
User:Gnulpf

VHDL
Hi Gnulpf, and welcome to Wikipedia. I reverted your edit "VHDL is not case insensitive", because according to my information it was not true. I admit that there is one small exception: extended identifiers, which I never use, but perhaps you do, are case-sensitive. If you wish to dispute this, please contact me and I'll be happy to discuss it. -- Heron 13:33, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Gnulpf


text:
RAF Bentley Priory

RAF Bentley Priory was a non-flying Royal Air Force station near Stanmore in the London Borough of Harrow. It was the headquarters of Fighter Command in the Battle of Britain and throughout the Second World War. The Royal Air Force station closed its operations on 30 May 2008, with all units relocating to new accommodation at RAF Northolt, a few miles away.

The station incorporated Bentley Priory, which was originally built in 1766. Since its closure, the Officers' Mess has converted into the Bentley Priory Museum with exhibits focusing on the house's role in the Battle of Britain. The grounds have been redeveloped as a private residential housing estate.

Early history
In early 1926, the Bentley Priory estate, which dates from 1766, was broken up and the Priory building and 40 acres (comprising the present grounds) were sold to the Air Ministry for a sum thought to be about £25,000.

On 26 May 1926, Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was formed at Hillingdon House, at RAF Uxbridge. The formation was radically reorganized with the creation of Bomber, Coastal, Fighter and Training Commands. The existing ADGB was dissolved and RAF Fighter Command emerged on 14 July 1936. It left Hillingdon House, at RAF Uxbridge, on this date and moved to Bentley Priory with its first Air Officer Commanding Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding. Fighter Command Headquarters remained at the Priory until its merger with the other operational commands in 1968.

A poem translated from Thomas Gray's  'Luna Habitabilis' (Cambridge 1797) is associated with the Priory. A copy of the poem was given to the Air Officer Commanding 11 Group on 22 November 1989 by the Rt Hon The Lord Harvington, who stated that he had intended reading it out to the House of Commons at the end of the Battle of Britain, but the copy had been lost. At the time Harvington was Wing Commander in the RAuxAF and Conservative member for St Pancras North. He felt it appropriate to quote this 18th-century prophecy:

 * "The time will come, when thou shalt lift thine eyes,
 * To watch a long drawn battle in the skies,
 * While aged peasants, too amazed for words,
 * Stare at the flying fleets of wond'rous birds,
 * England so long the mistress of the sea,
 * Where winds and waves confess her sovereignty,
 * Her ancient triumph yet on high shall bear,
 * And reign, the sovereign of the conquered air."

Fighter Command
RAF Fighter Command operated under Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding with Air Commodore A D John Cunningham as his Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO) and Air Commodore Napier John Gill as Air Officer Administration (AOA).

Because of his brilliant detailed preparation of Britain's air defences for the German assault, and his prudent management of his resources during the battle, Dowding is today generally given the credit for Britain's victory in the Battle of Britain. Dowding's time leading Fighter Command left a lasting legacy on the organisation. His creation of the Operations and Filter Rooms, the essential elements of the Command, Control and Communications system, became the cornerstone of the Air Defence System. The system he developed gave air controllers the best chance of scrambling fighter squadrons to intercept Luftwaffe raids before they reached their targets. This rapid, flexible approach was essential because there were insufficient aircraft and crews to keep fighter patrols continuously airborne in 1940. He also played a significant part in encouraging research into night-fighter equipment and tactics. Historian and Dowding biographer, Robert Wright, who served as Dowding's personal assistant in the Battle of Britain, wrote in his book, Dowding and the Battle of Britain, that even when faced with threats of retirement and constant rebuttal, Dowding continued to give his all to those under him and the RAF service. Dowding noted in a letter Air Ministry in early March 1940, that:

"'Apart from the question of discourtesy, which I do not wish to stress, I must point out the lack of consideration involved in delaying a proposal to this nature until ten days before the date of retirement. I have had four retiring dates given to me and now you are proposing a fifth. Before the War, as I told S of S, I should have been glad to retire: now I am anxious to stay, because I feel that there is no one else who will fight as I do when proposals are made which would reduce the Defence Forces of the Country below extreme danger point.'"

Dowding's subsequent downfall has been attributed by some to his single-mindedness and perceived lack of diplomacy and political savoir faire in dealing with intra-RAF challenges and intrigues, most obviously the still, even now, hotly debated Big Wing controversy in which a number of senior and active service officers had argued in favour of large set-piece air battles with the Luftwaffe as an alternative to Dowding's successful Fabian strategy. Another reason often cited for his removal, but characterised by some contemporary commentators more as a pretext, was the difficulty of countering German nighttime bombing raids on British cities.

Bentley Priory continued to act as the Headquarters of Fighter Command throughout the Second World War. It assumed additional importance as the Air planning headquarters for D-Day, as the planning for the full operation was conducted at HMS Dryad (shore establishment) near Portsmouth, with Montgomery, Eisenhower and Churchill attending a nearby church the evening before the assault. Much of the detailed air planning work was carried out at Kestrel Grove just a few hundred yards away (this building still stands and is now a retirement home). On D-Day, the landings were monitored by King George VI, Winston Churchill and U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower in the Allied Expeditionary Air Force War room in the Priory's underground bunker.

Anti-Aircraft Command
On 1 April 1939, HQ Anti-Aircraft Command (AAC) was formed under General Alan Brooke, but on 28 July 1939, he was suddenly moved to command the British Forces and General Sir Frederick Alfred Pile took over. Anti-Aircraft Command then moved to "Glenthorn" in the grounds of Bentley Priory.

Wellington crash
On 16 October 1940 a Vickers Wellington of the Czechoslovak-crewed No. 311 Squadron RAF collided with a cable of one of the barrage balloons protecting Bentley Priory. The aircraft had been on a bombing mission from RAF East Wretham to Kiel, but suffered icing and the failure of its compass and radio and was badly off-course. The Wellington crash resulted in the death of five of its six crew. They were buried in a single shared grave, 4 mi from Bentley Priory, at Pinner New Cemetery. The tail gunner survived with serious burns. He later retrained as a fighter pilot and served with No. 312 (Czechoslovak) Squadron RAF.

Airstrip
With the requirement for frequent high-level meetings the need for an airstrip at Bentley Priory grew. Air Commodore Richard Atcherley undertook this project in late 1943. The Air Ministry War Department advised him that it would take six months to construct two 300 yd strips, so he approached the United States Army Air Forces. Cinder landing strips were laid in just four days.

Royal Observer Corps

The Observer Corps moved to RAF Bentley Priory from its original location at RAF Uxbridge, along with Dowding and Fighter Command, in July 1936 and remained at the Priory until it was stood down in December 1995. The Observer Corps was one of the cornerstones of Lord Dowding's air defence system and he said later in his despatch after the Battle of Britain:

"'It is important to note that at this time they (the Observer Corps) constituted the whole means of tracking enemy raids once they had crossed the coastline. Their work throughout was quite invaluable. Without it the air-raid warning systems could not have been operated and inland interceptions would rarely have been made.'"

When the Corps' first Commandant Edward Masterman stood down in April 1936, Alfred Warrington-Morris replaced him and took control of the Observer Corps in the important period immediately prior to the Second World War. He oversaw the move of HQ Observer Corps to Bentley Priory and the Corps' adoption by RAF Fighter Command. He also controlled the Corps during the memorable events of the Battle of Britain and was still at the helm when the Observer Corps was granted the title Royal to become the Royal Observer Corps and became a uniformed branch of the RAF in April 1941. Warrington-Morris was Mentioned in dispatches in July 1940.

Initially the Observer Corps' presence at Bentley Priory included not only the small headquarters' staff of a dozen officers and support staff but also around sixty spare time observers who filled essential plotting tasks in the Bentley Priory operations rooms. In 1955 the observers relocated to a new dedicated ROC operations centre in nearby Watford.

The Royal Observer Corps was stood down on 30 September 1991 and, in 1992, a Royal Observer Corps stained glass window to mark the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Britain, was installed in the officers' mess at RAF Bentley Priory. The original Royal Banner, presented in 1966, was laid up at St Clement Danes Church in the Strand in 1991. A new banner, presented by Elizabeth II at Bentley Priory in July 1991, was laid up at the Rotunda at the RAF College Cranwell in Lincolnshire.

Post-war operations
Princess Elizabeth first visited the Priory in November 1950. On 30 April 1968, Fighter Command was amalgamated with other operational commands to form Strike Command. Bentley Priory also became the Administrative Headquarters for RAF Strike Command, although this function moved to High Wycombe in 1972.

Fire
In the evening of 21 June 1979 a major fire destroyed most of the main staircase as well the Dowding Room. Cubitts had been carrying out refurbishment work and the company's insurance policy covered most of the repair work, which cost £3.1 million.

Closure
RAF Bentley Priory was latterly home to the Defence Aviation Safety Centre, Air Historical Branch (AHB) and RAF Ceremonial. As there was no enduring operational use for RAF Bentley Priory, however, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) released the site as part of its Greater London estate consolidation project, Project MoDEL (Ministry of Defence Estates London).

Project MoDEL is making a major contribution to the consolidation of the Defence Estate in Greater London through the delivery of three key outputs: the development of an integrated 'core site' at RAF Northolt; the re-location of the London-based units; and the disposal of surplus sites. Accordingly, DASC, AHB and RAF Ceremonial relocated to RAF Northolt in 2008 following the completion of their new accommodation. A total of £180 million GBP ($295 million US in 2008) of the £300 million GBP released from Project MoDEL has been re-invested back into RAF Northolt.

A final dinner was held for the Battle of Britain veterans in July 2007 to celebrate the role of the building and those who worked in it in preventing Hitler's planned air invasion of Britain in 1940. The sunset ceremony was carried out by the Queen's Colour Squadron and there was a flypast by the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight and a Eurofighter Typhoon. The salute was taken by the Station Commander Squadron Leader Phil Reid, the Chief of the Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Sir Glenn Torpy and Air Commodore (Ret) Pete Brothers, Chairman of the Battle of Britain Fighter Association. The final closure Sunset ceremony took place on 30 May 2008, when the RAF ensign was lowered at RAF Bentley Priory for the last time. The station officially closed the following day, and all remaining lodger units moved to RAF Northolt.

Bentley Priory Museum
The former Bentley Priory Officers' Mess, which became the Bentley Priory Museum in September 2013, includes the original office of Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding (later Lord Dowding), Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Fighter Command in the Battle of Britain, preserved with its original furniture. Other Battle of Britain historic artefacts are kept in the Museum, including one of the few remaining Battle of Britain Lace Panels.

Other items in the Museum include a number of "trophies" taken by the Royal Air Force from the Luftwaffe at the end of World War II, including an eagle statue and a bust of Hermann Göring.

The Officers' Mess was also notable for the number of Royal Portraits hanging in the building; there were two of HM The Queen, one in the Dining Room as a young woman and a second that hung in the Ladies' Room that was commissioned and paid for by the Royal Observer Corps to mark their 50th Jubilee Year, painted at Bentley Priory depicting Her Majesty in her ROC Commandant in Chief regalia and with a background of the Italian Gardens. There was also a portrait of His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh (dressed in a flying suit, hanging in the Dining Room on the wall facing the Queen), one of George VI (in RAF No 1 uniform wearing a 'chip bag' and wings, which hangs in the Abercorn Bar) and one of The Queen Mother (gifted to the Mess by the Queen Mother after she paid for refurbishment following the fire).

Redevelopment
Following the closure of the RAF station the site was handed over to Defence Estates, who in turn passed it to the prime plus contractor for Project MoDEL, VSM Estates, a company formed by developers Vinci PLC and St. Modwen Properties PLC, who are responsible for developing proposals and the subsequent disposal of the site to developers who will realise the scheme.

Under Supplementary planning guidance agreed in 2007 by London Borough of Harrow the site will include a museum open to the public in the main rooms of the house, recording and interpreting the history of the site and in particular the Battle of Britain and Cold War heritage. The plans were put on hold in 2009 as a result of the economic climate in Britain, although in 2010 it was agreed that the museum would go ahead and be run by the Bentley Priory Battle of Britain Trust, with support from the charity The Prince's Regeneration Trust. The plans for the site included the conversion of the grade II* listed mansion into luxury flats, above the museum. The restoration and classical style development for the site was carried out to a design by Nigel Anderson of ADAM Architecture.

On 12 September 2013, the Bentley Priory Museum was officially opened by Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall.

The Cold War bunker was surveyed by English Heritage, who concluded there were other examples of similar bunkers across the country in better condition. In March 2010 the bunker was filled in, leaving only the exterior doors and walls. The RAF Bentley Priory Battle of Britain Trust supported VSM Estates in the decision to fill in the bunker on the grounds of maintenance costs. The bunker had replaced the Second World War bunker in the 1980s.

title: RAF Bentley Priory


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Talk:RAF Bentley Priory

Comments
During research for this article I discovered several references stating that Bentley Priory was the headquarters of 11 group during the Battle of Britain. This appears to be an error made by combining its role as HQ of Fighter Command (1926-1968) and of 11 (Fighter) group (1968-). 11 group was headquartered at RAF Uxbridge during the BoB. DJ Clayworth 13:36, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Battle of Britain Lace Panels
The Battle of Britain Lace Panels were produced by the Nottingham firm of Dobsons and M. Browne & Co. Ltd. between 1942 and 1947.

They measure 15 ft. high by 5 ft. 6 ins. wide. The material is fine egyptian cotton and each panel contains 26,000 miles of it! The design was by Harry Cross. Drafting by Messers Herod and Jackson.

The centre section shows aerial conflict between the types of aircraft that took part in the Battle, a cottage, oak tree and stately home separate this scene from St. Paul's Cathedral and London burning. The flanking sections show 8 scenes of bomb damaged buildings including Buckingham Palace, The Old Bailey and Bow Church. Contemporary photographs provided the inspiration for these scenes.

Towards the bottom are Winston Churchill's immortal words; "Never was so much owed by so many to so few." A pilot in the bottom left corner and A.A. gun and searchlight beams in the bottom right corner.

Across the top are the badges of the R.A.F. and the New Zealand, Canadian, South African and Australian Air Forces. 203.129.128.227 15:45, 18 October 2007 (UTC) Included in the design are the floral emblems of England (Rose), Ireland (Shamrock), Scotland (Thistle) and Wales Daffodil) A border of ripe ears of corn representing the season of the year that the Battle took place completes the work. The final quantity produced is believed to be 38.

To date some 30 of them have been located and the search continues for the remainder.

203.129.128.227 15:45, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

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Visit youtube channel HarrowonTVandRAFBP for new videos of bentley priory and stanmore and Harrow on TV —Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.14.222.52 (talk) 14:33, 16 January 2011 (UTC)

History prior to RAF use
There is a great deat more about the early histort of the building here than there is in Bentley Priory, and most of it should be moved there. I'm shaky on the protocol of merges &c, otherwise I'd do it myself.TheLongTone (talk) 16:40, 16 January 2013 (UTC)

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Bentley Priory as HQ 11 Gp
Why no mention of RAF Bentley Priory as home to HQ 11 Gp? Big gap in this article. 51.9.66.115 (talk) 07:47, 31 January 2024 (UTC)

 * It is mentioned in the text and the infobox. GraemeLeggett (talk) 08:25, 31 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:RAF Bentley Priory


text: Category:Plants

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text:
Heppenheim

Heppenheim (Bergstraße) is the seat of Bergstraße district in Hesse, Germany, lying on the Bergstraße on the edge of the Odenwald. It is best known for being the birthplace of Sebastian Vettel, a four-time Formula One World Champion and the place of founding of the Free Democratic Party (Germany).

Location
The town is set on the vineyards below the mediaeval Starkenburg (castle). Defining for the townscape, besides the castle, is St. Peter, the “Cathedral of the Bergstraße” as the big Catholic church is known locally; it was consecrated on 1 August 1904, and is not a bishop's seat. Heppenheim lies centrally on Bundesstraßen 3 and 460, and Autobahn A 5/A 67, almost halfway between Heidelberg and Darmstadt, in southern Hesse on the boundary with Baden-Württemberg, and is Hesse's southernmost district seat. The town's official designation is “Heppenheim an der Bergstraße”. In the local Hessian German dialect, the town is also called Hepprum.

Heppenheim´s biggest lake is the Bruchsee. Multiple streams such as the Hambach, Stadtbach, Erbach und Brombach flow from the east and down the valleys of the Odenwald into the Weschnitz, the town's western border.

“Bergstraße” is not only the name given the road running from Darmstadt to Heidelberg on the western edge of the Odenwald and eastern edge of the Rhine rift (now Bundesstraße 3), but also one given the landscape along the road. It stands out with its unusually mild and sunny climate in which trees blossom especially early.

In the area around the outlying centre of Ober-Laudenbach is a boundary oddity unique in Hesse: just there within the town's municipal area are two enclaves belonging to Baden-Württemberg, within one of which is a further enclave belonging to Hesse.

Neighbouring communities
Heppenheim borders in the north on the town of Bensheim, in the northeast on the community of Lautertal and the town of Lindenfels, in the east on the communities of Fürth, Rimbach, Mörlenbach and Birkenau, in the south on the community of Laudenbach (Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Baden-Württemberg), in the southwest on the towns of Viernheim and Lampertheim and in the west on the town of Lorsch.

Constituent communities
Besides the main town, Heppenheim has the outlying centres of Unter-Hambach, Ober-Hambach, Kirschhausen (with Igelsbach), Erbach, Sonderbach, Wald-Erlenbach, Mittershausen-Scheuerberg, and Ober-Laudenbach, which were in the course of municipal reform in Hesse amalgamated with Heppenheim with effect from 1 January 1972.

History
In 755, Heppenheim had its first documentary mention. At that time, the town was the hub of a Frankish domain. In 773, this area became one of Charlemagne’s donations to the Lorsch Abbey, and to protect it, the castle (Starkenburg) was built above it in 1065; in 1066 it successfully resisted a siege by Prince-Archbishop Adalbert of Hamburg-Bremen. The Imperial Abbey held the rank of principality, and Heppenheim developed over time into the territory's administrative and economic hub, although it lost its importance with the Abbey's downfall in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1229, Emperor Friedrich II put the Starkenburg under the administration of the Archbishops of Electoral Mainz, doing likewise with the Lorsch Abbey along with Heppenheim in 1232. But for an interruption from 1461 to 1623 when the fief was pledged to the Electorate of the Palatinate, Heppenheim remained an Electoral Mainz holding right up until the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in 1803. Then it became Hessian, first part of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, and since 1948 it has been part of the Bundesland of Hesse.

Heppenheim has had town rights since at least 1318, and market rights, it is believed, already by the early 9th century. From 1265 (possibly earlier) until 1803, Heppenheim was the seat of the Electoral Mainz Amt (Oberamt) of Starkenburg. Once it passed to Hesse-Darmstadt, the Amt was abolished. Heppenheim was thereafter first the seat of a (much smaller) Amt, and then, as of 1821 the seat of the Heppenheim Administrative Region (Landratsbezirk). As of 1832 it was the seat of the Heppenheim district. Since then, it was between 1848 and 1852 the seat of the Regierungsbezirk of Heppenheim, and has been since 1938 the seat of the Bergstraße district, to which were assigned not only the old Heppenheim district, but also great parts of the likewise abolished Bensheim district, with the parts of the Worms district on the Rhine’s right bank being added after the Second World War.

In both 1369 and 1693 (in the latter case owing to the devastation wrought by the French in the Nine Years' War), Heppenheim was almost utterly destroyed in town fires. The town came through both world wars unscathed, aside from slight damage when the Americans marched in March 1945.

Heppenheim suffered severely in the Thirty Years' War (1618–48); the Starkenburg was overwhelmed by Spanish troops in 1621, and by the Swedes in 1630. The Plague killed about 80% of the population in 1635 (almost 100% in the outlying countryside), and the town was sacked by the Poles in 1636 and again in 1645 by the French.

The Heppenheim Conference (Heppenheimer Tagung), a meeting of leading liberals on 10 October 1847 in the Halber Mond (“Half Moon”) Hotel, was a prelude to the German Revolution in 1848 and 1849. Given this historical connection, the Free Democratic Party (FDP, Freie Demokratische Partei) was founded on 11 December 1948 in Heppenheim.

There were Jews living in Heppenheim by the Middle Ages. The town was part of the Archbishopric of Mainz from 1232 to 1803 and there were repeated ecclesiastical measures undertaken to persecute Jews. Jewish life in the town was wiped out during the persecution that accompanied the Plague in 1348 and 1349. The modern community was founded in the 17th century. About 1900, there were some 40 Jewish families, with 200 to 300 people living in town. That figure fell to 113 people by 1933, a result of migration and emigration.

Martin Buber, Zionist and honorary professor of religious sciences at the University of Frankfurt am Main, is the best known Jewish inhabitant of Heppenheim where he settled in 1916. In February 1938, he left the country and emigrated with his family to Jerusalem. On 9 November 1938, Kristallnacht, Buber's house was looted and his 3,000-volume library was destroyed. In May 1939, there were still 37 Jews in Heppenheim, but in September 1942, the last few Jewish residents were deported. The former synagogue's location, now a memorial, has stone marking the perimeter of the synagogue destroyed in 1938. A plaque bears the inscription, Hier stand die 1900 erbaute und 1938 zerstörte Synagoge. (“Site of the synagogue, built in 1900 and destroyed in 1938.”). An additional plaque with the title Im Gedenken an die Ermordeten (“In memory of the murdered”) lists the names of 29 former Heppenheim Jews. The psychiatric institution in Heppenheim took part in the Nazi “euthanasia” crimes, and was also a “collection facility,” where Jewish psychiatric patients were sent on the way to the gas chamber.

Beginning on 28 May 1942, a subcamp of Dachau/Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp was located in Heppenheim. It was closed on 18 December 1942, but opened again as Heppenheim subcamp on 15 June 1943. It was permanently closed on 27 March 1945 when the town was occupied by American troops at the end of the fighting in Hesse. The prisoners in Heppenheim were put to work in the SS institution Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Ernährung und Verpflegung.

In 1955, the town celebrated its 1,200th anniversary and opened the new open-air stage "Freilichtbühne". It is still in use today, seats around 2500 people and also proved its worth at the Hessentag 2004.

In 2004, the town hosted the 44th Hessentag state festival.

Population development

The sharp rise between 1971 and 1975 has to do with the amalgamations in the course of administrative reform in Hesse in 1972.

Politics
In 1948 the Free Democratic Party was founded in Heppenheim. Furthermore, the liberal Heppenheimer Versammlung was one of the starting points of the German revolutions of 1848–1849.

Town council
The municipal election held on 26 March 2006 yielded the following results: The elections in March 2021 showed the following results:
 * CDU: 14 seats
 * SPD: 6 seats
 * The LEFT: 1 seat
 * FDP: 4 seats
 * GLH: 7 seats
 * FWH: 2 seats
 * LIZ: 1 seats
 * Tiers.: 2 seats

Mayors
In the runoff election on 10 April 2005, Gerhard Herbert (SPD) defeated the incumbent Ulrich Obermayr (CDU). Herbert took over the mayor's office on 1 September 2005 from Obermayr, who had held it for 18 years. In 2011 Rainer Burelbach (* 1965) (CDU) was elected mayor with 55,6 % of the votes. Burelbach was reelected in 2017 and 2023.

The following mayors have held office in Heppenheim since the municipal constitution was promulgated in 1821:

1Dr. Schiffers switched to the NSDAP to keep abreast of changes, but he soon ran into difficulties with the Party and thereby lost his office in 1937.

2Dr. Köhler was in the mayor's office only until 1941 when he was called into the Wehrmacht. His duties were performed by deputy Franz Keil during his absence. Despite party membership, Dr. Köhler is said not to have been a fanatical Nazi, but rather a respectable mayor.

3Dr. König and Jakob Fleck were each provisionally appointed mayor after the Americans marched in 1945.

Since 1924, beginning with Karl Schiffers's time in office, the office of mayor has been executed by a professional mayor.

Among all the mayors, Wilhelm Höhn, Karl Schiffers and Wilhelm Metzendorf stand out as ones who decisively promoted the town.

Coat of arms
The town's arms are charged with the Lion of Hesse above the parting, striped as always horizontally in silver and red, but in these arms also holding a golden-hilted, silver-bladed sword in his right paw and wearing a golden crown. The part of the field below the parting at the fess line is itself parted per pale (vertically down the middle). On the dexter side (armsbearer's right, viewer's left) is the Lorsch Abbey's cross pattée fitchy (that is, cross with “flattened” ends to three of the arms, and a point on the bottom one) on a silver field. On the sinister side (armsbearer's left, viewer's right) is the silver six-spoked wheel of Mainz on a red field.

The arms, bestowed on the town on 30 August 1913 by Grand Duke Ernest Louis of Hesse, symbolize the town's historical allegiances (a Lorsch holding from 773 to 1232, a Mainz holding until 1803, and after that Hessian), but without any reference to the town's time with the Electorate of the Palatinate, which from 1461 to 1623 held it from Mainz as a pledge. The old, historical coat of arms showed a sitting bishop, symbolizing Electoral Mainz's hegemony.

Twin towns – sister cities
Heppenheim is twinned with:
 * 🇮🇹 Kaltern an der Weinstraße, Italy (1971)
 * 🇫🇷 Le Chesnay, France (1975)
 * 🇺🇸 West Bend, United States (2004)

Sponsorship
Since 1956, together with the town of Bubenreuth, there has been a sponsorship arrangement with regard to Luby, formerly Schönbach in the district of Eger in the Sudetenland (now in the Czech Republic).

Sightseeing
Heppenheim has (as at 30 April 2008) 408 cultural monuments that are under monumental protection. The following is a selection:
 * Marketplace with Town Hall, timber-frame houses and Marienbrunnen (fountain)
 * Starkenburg (castle) on the Schlossberg (mountain)
 * Catholic Parish Church of St. Peter (“Cathedral of the Bergstraße”)
 * Electoral Mainz Amtshof
 * Former power station built in 1899 in Gothic Revival style
 * Open-air stage, built in 1955 on the Kappel, on the occasion of the 1,200-year jubilee

Heppenheim has at its disposal a largely preserved, self-contained, picturesque Old Town core with an area of about 8 ha, within which are found all the sights mentioned in the foregoing list. The Old Town is characterized by timber-frame houses dating back mostly to the reconstruction in the early decades after Heppenheim's destruction in the Nine Years' War in 1693, which was done over the remains of the medieval town. Of the town wall, however, which was largely knocked down in the early 19th century, little remains.

Regular events
Important yearly events are:
 * Heppenheimer Festspiele (festival, daily from mid to late July to early September)
 * Bergsträßer Weinmarkt (wine market, late June)
 * Internationales Weinmarkt-Stockschießturnier (international wine market and ice stock sport tournament, second weekend during wine market)
 * Internationales Straßentheater beim Festival Gassensensationen (Street theatre, early July)
 * Fastnachtsumzug (Carnival parade)
 * Ferienspiele für Kinder von Vorschule bis 16 Jahren (children's summer holiday games, preschool to 16)
 * Kirchweih (church consecration festival, first weekend in August)
 * Regular events by Forum Kultur

Starkenburg Observatory
The Starkenburg-Sternwarte, an amateur observatory on the Schlossberg near the Starkenburg, has made a name for itself nationally in minor planet research.

Museums and cultural institutions

 * Museum für Stadtgeschichte und Volkskunde (town history and folklore)
 * Musikschule (musical school)
 * Konservatorium (conservatoire)
 * “Theater im Hof” of the “Festspiele Heppenheim GmbH” (organizer of the Heppenheimer Festspiele)
 * Kreisvolkshochschule (district folk high school)
 * Haus am Maiberg (political and social training centre of the Diocese of Mainz)

Clubs in Heppenheim

 * FC Starkenburgia 1900 e. V. Heppenheim, one of Germany's oldest football clubs, founded in the same year as the German Football Federation
 * FC Sportfreunde Heppenheim e. V.
 * REC Heppenheim e. V.; ice stock sport
 * HC VfL Heppenheim; team handball
 * WSV-BL; water sports
 * BC Heppenheim (Badminton Club Heppenheim)
 * Verkehrs- und Heimatverein e.V.; transport and local history
 * SV Erbach; sport club

Economy and infrastructure
Heppenheim is part of the economically strong Rhine Neckar Area, as well as the Rhein-Main area. Together with various neighbouring towns and communities (among others Bensheim, Lorsch and Lautertal), Heppenheim is identified as a middle centre in the South Hesse Regional Plan.

The town has in its favour good economic data – even in relation to the Rhine Neckar Area's and the Starkenburg Region's as a whole – above-average employment figures and an especially high proportion of graduates in the resident population's above-average buying power.

Transport
Heppenheim is linked by several buslines to Jugenheim, Grasellenbach and Mörlenbach. Heppenheim station is found in the town centre, and the two-track Main-Neckar Railway links the town to Heidelberg and Frankfurt am Main.

Industry
In 1899, one of Europe's first power stations was built in Heppenheim. Two steam engines furnished electricity beginning in 1900 for Heppenheim and Bensheim. After the Second World War, many industrial operations settled in town, from such fields as machine building (KLN Ultraschall AG), mining (Granitwerke Röhrig in the outlying centre of Sonderbach), textile and food production (among others, a great Langnese-Iglo GmbHproduction plant) and the analytical industry (WICOM). This array of businesses was also later filled out by further ones from the fields of logistics, marketing and services. On Bundesstraße 3, near the state boundary, the mineral spring business Odenwald-Quelle has been running since 1932.

Winegrowing
Heppenheim is a winegrowing town belonging to the Hessische Bergstraße wine region. With some 450 ha of vineyards it was originally Germany's smallest self-contained wine region (but since Reunification it has been the second smallest). Two hundred and thirty hectares alone – roughly half – can be found in Heppenheim and its two outlying centres of Hambach and Erbach. They are marketed under the banner name “Heppenheimer Schlossberg” with the individual designations Centgericht, Stemmler, Steinkopf, Schlossberg, Maiberg and Eckweg (until 2004 there was also Guldenzoll).

Owing to the especially favourable climate and good soil conditions on the Bergstraße, mainly dry and dryish wines of very high quality are made here. The main variety is Riesling. The biggest producer is the Bergsträßer Winzer eG cooperative, with its seat in Heppenheim, which also owns Hesse's biggest wine cellar. The Bergsträßer Staatsweingut (“state wine estate”) with its seat in Bensheim maintains the Hessischer Rebmuttergarten (“Vineyard Mother Garden”), formerly a vineyard cultivation facility whose goal was to fight the phylloxera, introduced from North America but only cropping up on the Bergstraße itself in 2005, by grafting phylloxera-proof hybrid rootstocks onto vines of nobler varieties. At the Bergsträßer Winzer eG begins the 6.9 km-long Erlebnispfad Wein und Stein (“Wine and Stone Adventure Path”), which runs through the vineyards with 30 stations.

Education
The Odenwaldschule, once Germany's oldest comprehensive school, was in the Ober-Hambach section of Heppenheim. It was founded by Edith and Paul Geheeb in 1910 and was based on their concept of holistic education reform, integrating work of the head and hand. The boarding school used to have up to 250 pupils. After a scandal about sexual abuse cases in the 1970s and 1980s and attempts to save the institution, it was closed in 2015. There are plans for renovating the location. Heppenheim is also home to the European Hotel Academy.

Notable people

 * Marianne Cope (1838–1918), nun, canonized
 * Judith Buber Agassi (1924–2018), sociologist
 * Horst Antes (born 1936), painter
 * Jürgen W. Falter (born 1944), political scientist
 * Jürgen Groh (born 1956), footballer
 * Franz Lambert (born 1948), musician, composer and organist
 * Erwin Schwab (born 1964), discoverer of numerous minor planets
 * Mai Thi Nguyen-Kim (born 1987), chemist and science communicator
 * Sebastian Vettel (born 1987), 4-time Formula One world champion
 * Fabian Vettel (born 1998), racing driver

Associated with the town

 * Martin Buber, Jewish religious philosopher, lived here from 1916 to 1938
 * Justus von Liebig, chemist, 10-month teaching stint in Heppenheim (1818/19)
 * Hans Baumgartner, long jumper, Olympic medalist
 * Bernhard Trares, football player and manager

title: Heppenheim


text:
Hamburg cell

The Hamburg cell (Hamburger Zelle) was, according to U.S. and German intelligence agencies, a group of radical Islamists based in Hamburg, Germany, that included students from different Arab countries who eventually came to be key operatives in the 9/11 attacks. Important members included Mohamed Atta, who led the four hijacking teams in 2001 and piloted American Airlines Flight 11; Ramzi bin al-Shibh, who conspired with the other three members but was unable to enter the United States; Marwan al-Shehhi, who piloted United Airlines Flight 175; and Ziad Jarrah, who piloted United Airlines Flight 93 and failed to hit a target in Washington, D.C. (claimed by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed to have been the Capitol). Other members included Said Bahaji, Zakariya Essabar, Mounir el-Motassadeq, and Abdelghani Mzoudi.

Background
On November 1, 1998, future-hijackers Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, and Ramzi bin al-Shibh moved into an apartment (two bedrooms, one living room, one kitchen) together on Marienstraße. Here they formed the secretive Hamburg cell, which also included other minor participants in the 9/11 plot. They met together three or four times a week to discuss their anti-American and anti-Israeli views, and to decide how best to fight for their cause.

As late as 1999, the four core members of the group had intended to wage jihad in Chechnya, where Islamic jihadists were rebelling against Russia. The 9/11 Commission Report notes in Chapter 5 that "according to bin al-Shibh [who is now in U.S. custody], a chance meeting on a train in Germany caused the group to travel to Afghanistan instead. An individual named Khalid al Masri (or Khalid al-Masri) approached bin al-Shibh and Shehhi (because they were Arabs with beards, bin al-Shibh thinks) and struck up a conversation about jihad in Chechnya. When they later called Masri and expressed interest in going to Chechnya, he told them to contact Abu Musab in Duisburg, Germany. Abu Musab turned out to be Mohamedou Ould Slahi, a significant al-Qaeda operative who, even then, was well known to U.S. and German intelligence, though neither government apparently knew he was operating in Germany in late 1999."

Bin al-Shibh, Shehhi and Jarrah visited Slahi in Duisburg, where he convinced them that it would be best to train in Afghanistan first, because further experience would be useful, and anyway it was difficult at that time to get into Chechnya. Slahi instructed them to travel to Karachi, Pakistan, then to the Taliban office in Quetta, Pakistan, where they were to contact a man named Umar al-Masri. Atta and Jarrah left Hamburg during the last week of November 1999. Shehhi left by himself around the same time; bin al-Shibh followed two weeks later.

"Umar al-Masri" turned out to be a nonexistent person. The name was a code word that instructed members of the Taliban office to escort the men to Kandahar, Afghanistan, where they were convinced to join the al-Qaeda network and wage jihad against America. They met with Osama bin Laden himself and swore their loyalty to him. Mohamed Atta was chosen by Bin Laden as the leader of the group that would attack America; Atta would contact Bin Laden several more times before the attacks. The men then returned to Germany to enroll in flight training school, and later moved on to flight training schools in the United States at the recommendation of one of their instructors based in Germany.

The members of the Hamburg Cell were a boon to the 9/11 plot, which Khalid Shaikh Mohammed had proposed to Bin Laden in 1996. The Hamburg students were fluent in English, educated, accustomed to the Western lifestyle, radically Islamic, and capable of learning to pilot aircraft. "Bin Laden and Mohammed Atef wasted no time in assigning the Hamburg group to the most ambitious operation yet planned by al-Qaeda," the 9/11 Commission Report says.

Many al-Qaeda members lived in the Hamburg apartment at various times. In all, 29 men listed the apartment as their home address while Mohamed Atta's name was on the lease. Reportedly, Khalid Shaikh Mohammed visited the apartment repeatedly.

German intelligence monitored the apartment, but did not find any evidence against the residents. Both the United States' Central Intelligence Agency and German Intelligence have received criticism for failing to share information on these and other al-Qaida members.

Hamburg Cell film
The film Hamburg Cell is a docudrama on the planning and execution of the attacks. A co-production between Channel 4 in the UK and CBC in Canada, it was shown in the UK during September 2004, amid criticism that this was too close to the anniversary of the attack. Using computer-generated imagery, the film's producers were able to show the twin towers of the World Trade Center, before the attack, in the background. Ziad Jarrah is featured calling his girlfriend, Aysel Sengün, from a public telephone at the airport, repeating the words 'I love you' over and over.

title: Hamburg cell


text:
Talk:Catalase

distribution
The article suggests that erytrocyte catalase is catalase; at the same time catalase is said to be localized to peroxisomes; erytrocytes do not have peroxisomes, however. Will intoduce "e.g." and "usually" until someone distinguishes ery / cytosolic / peroxisome catalase ...

I would like to know which living creature produces most catalase and water in its life span and which produces more water than it consumes. Thank you.

What's the main difference between peroxidases and catalase?

difference between peroxidases and catalase
Catalase is unique in its potential to catalyse 2 reactions: i) decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; ii) oxidation of a substrate (hydrogen donor) with the help of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen donors for catalase are ethanol (drink alcohol), methanol, and laboratory reagents that are used to demonstrate the peroxidatic activity of the enzyme. Best known among the latter is diaminobenzidine, which forms an insoluble polymer that is brown when oxidized. Since it is insoluble, it precipitates exactly where catalase is localized, and thus shows in the microscope the exact location of the enzyme in the cell. This stain which is very reliable if carried out correctly, has been used by many investigators to identify and study the peroxisomes, since these organelles in normal conditions contain a lot of catalase. Peroxidases can carry out only the second kind of reaction, that is: oxidizing a hydrogen donor. Many of them can be localized with diaminobenzidine too. There are many different peroxidases, that is their pH optimum, resistance to chemicals and temperature differ. However some peroxidases have very specific substrates, for example glutathione (GSH) peroxidase does not react with diaminobenzidine; it protects the cell against hydrogen peroxide but destroy GSH that must be regenerated at the expense of energy. Another specific peroxidase is found in the thyroid epithelial cell: it binds iodium to thyreoglobuline, and this reaction results in the active thyroid hormone. Peroxidases are found in milk (lactoperoxidase), saliva (probably also lactoperoxidase), tears (lacrimal gland), in granular leucocytes (myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase), macrophages, blood platelets, uterine epithelium, and many other cell types. The best known plant peroxidase is horseradish peroxidase (HRP) that is a common laboratory reagent; when coupled to antibodies, these are subsequenlty demonstrated and localized through a peroxidatic reaction (with diaminobenzidine, for ex). Frank Roels, August 25th, 2005.

5 Million? 30,000,000? Both? Neither?
I've been researching catalase and keep coming up with conflicting figures. Everyone says "it's one of the most efficient enzymes," but after that, numbers diverge. In this article alone, it is purported to "convert 5 million molecules of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen each minute" and "500,000/second." Which is it? Are the numbers refering to two different things, maybe? If so, can we clarify that in the article a little better? Also, sources?

Thanks for your time.

-- This page quotes M.B.V. Roberts, author of "Biology A Functional Approach" as saying that catalase has a turnover number of 6 million/min

Kb ganesh 18:18, 29 August 2006 (UTC)

 * I think part of the problem is that there are different kinds of catalase. Another problem is that the rate of reaction is heavily influenced by the conditions in which it occurs. I'll work on making this clear in the article. Galanskov 01:57, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

 * First, do the math: 500,000/sec only three times 5,000,000/min. So they're not that different, on the sort of scale we're talking about. Enzyme efficiency also depends upon environmental factors. In other words, it's a rough estimate. Fearwig 08:48, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

 * 500,000/sec is actually six times 5,000,000/min. And that isn't "not that different", it's actually quite a lot. It's true they're on a big scale.. but having differences of up to 6 times bigger is still a lot. - Draygen 19:43, 9 February 2009 (UTC)

Protection
Please semiprotect this page. It has been a target of vandalism by someone by the IP 85.12.64.148. --Gray Porpoise 17:26, 28 June 2006 (UTC)

I agree in Semi-protecting this page, according to the history, it has been vandalize multiple times in the past until currently. I believe it is reasonable enough to do so... Rave1112 (talk) 03:22, 17 December 2008 (UTC)

Catalase test
The catalase test bit doesn't really explain what it's for very well. A biologist of any calling will probably have no problem guessing what it's for with the info currently given but someone else might go, what the heck? Nil Einne 14:37, 11 October 2006 (UTC)
 * It is also apparent that the Action of Catalase and Catalase Test (under Human application) say the same exact thing. This should be rectified, but I don't have the time nor the knowledge to do so. Helixer  (talk) 02:29, 25 November 2008 (UTC)

Could anyone clarify this >> What about the optimum pH for the enzymes to work?? Are catalase enzymes reusable?? Thanks ^^ Rave1112 (talk) 03:31, 17 December 2008 (UTC)

In the current version of Catalase test, the first letters of "micrococci" and "enterococci" should be capitalized. Drfake (talk) 12:35, 22 November 2009 (UTC)

optimum temperature for catalase activity
I would like to know the temperature at which catalase activity is optimized. Is it significantly different for human catalase as opposed to the catalase found in bovines? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 207.71.230.77 (talk) 05:33, 12 December 2006 (UTC).

The first sentence after the "Role in organs"
This sentence used to be: Hydrogen peroxide is formed as a waste product of metabolism in many living organisms It is now: Hydrogen peroxide is not as a neverof metabolism in many dead organisms. I believe that the previous edition is correct, but I don't know much about biology. Maybe the editor didn't know much english. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 66.67.107.143 (talk) 00:27, 13 December 2006 (UTC).

I noticed that, and im wondering if we should change it back, the change looks like vandalisation to me Atlasrune 18:10, 15 December 2006 (UTC) Yes it most definetly is vandalism--Max Randor 19:40, 1 February 2007 (UTC) already has been fixed --Max Randor 19:42, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

Could you list every cell that has catalase in it?
Is it clear the number of cells that have catalase in it? I think people come out of microbiology after they learn about staph aureus and the catalase test used to distinguish it and think that it is one of the few "cells" organisms that have catalase and maybe it should be emphasized more that a lot of cells have catalase in them. An exhaustive list would be cool but maybe impossible (?). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 207.151.236.42 (talk) 22:41, 28 January 2007 (UTC).

 * The article actually makes it sound as though almost every organism has catalase in it, which is dead wrong. There are a wide variety of bacteria (aerobic and anaerobic) that don't, and contrary to what the article says, there are a lot of fungi (especially higher fungi) that apparently do. Otherwise, peroxide would be an absolutely rotten sanitizer, which it isn't. Unless I'm misunderstanding something, that is. Fearwig 08:52, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

Catalytic Strategies of Catalase
I can't find any information to add about the catalytic strategy of catalase, and I believe this is important. Hopefully someone can tell me HOW catalase reduces the activation energy of (what?) This info seems to be non-existent.

As soon as I get the chance I'd like to add the source:

Vetrano, Anna M., et al. "Characterization of the Oxidase Activity in Mammalian Catalase." The Journal of biological chemistry 280.42 (2005):35372-.

Thanks, cyanide_sunshine —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 139.225.66.202 (talk) 20:03, 11 April 2007 (UTC).

Dead link
The catalase FAQ link is dead. should it be removed? soldierx40k 20:41, 29 September 2007 (UTC) I went ahead and removed it. No need to leave a dead link.Artephius (talk) 16:05, 13 August 2008 (UTC)

Also note, that the catylase test reference links are dead - ref 3,4,5. (there maybe more dead links, but i havent tested them). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Jubalj (talk • contribs) 17:09, 1 September 2008 (UTC)

Split
This article tries to do too much. It should be split into a main page with a treatment of catalases (which I believe are not all homologs) and the known catalases from the various organisms. AnteaterZot (talk) 00:14, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

 * This page is short compared to many Wikipedia pages. Granted, it's not a stub, but if you broke it into to pages, then each one would be. And what do you mean by "treatment" of catalases? Furthermore, I don't think there is more than one kind of catalase. Heck, my spell-check says catalases isn't a word! PhishRCool Talk / Contribs / Secret Page 21:47, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I am studying for Step 2 of the US Medical Licensing Exam right now, and this article seems just right to me.Niels Olson (talk) 00:39, 21 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I think a split would be inappropriate. Since the proposal was over a year ago now, I have removed the tag. Parslad (talk) 15:15, 25 February 2009 (UTC)

I found a new article for you folks
http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/news/20090225/why-hair-goes-gray

96.224.179.123 (talk) 10:24, 1 March 2009 (UTC)

Catalase, Streptococci and Enterococci
Many authors refer to both Streptococcus and Enterococcus species as being “aerobic bacteria” because of their ability to grow in the presence of oxygen. However, the species of those two genera do not use oxidative metabolism for their energetic needs. Instead, they are fermentative bacteria, and yes, the process of fermentation can occur in the presence of oxygen. Thus, more appropriate affiliation for Streptococcus and Enterococcus bacteria would be “oxygen-indifferent anaerobes”, which clearly indicates that they do not care if oxygen is present or not. They grow equally well in the presence or the absence of oxygen. By not using the oxygen (and therefore not having cytochrome oxidase complex) they do not generate hydrogen peroxide and do not require catalase for the elimination of this harmful by-product. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nedemandeplus (talk • contribs) 16:00, 10 March 2009 (UTC)

Catalase and the Bombardier Beetles
The section on how the Bombardier beetle uses catalase is a bit confusing and doesn't seem to conclude with what it does with that reaction. It might need rewording, but I'm not entirely sure what to change it to, maybe some one else might have the skill, Abergabe (talk) 15:50, 28 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The key point that was left out is that the oxidation reaction is very exothermic. I have attempted to clarify this section in this edit. Cheers.  Boghog (talk) 18:30, 28 June 2010 (UTC)

Food sources of Catalase?
Does anyone know which foods are a good source of catalase? I would like to know, so I can consume these types of foods and try and restore the color of my hair which has gone a little grey. I believe that eating foods, which are a good source of catalase, is better than taking a vitamin supplement which contains catalase.204.80.61.110 (talk) 19:14, 4 August 2010 (UTC)Bennett Turk Two links that list food sources of the enzyme catalase. 204.80.61.110 (talk) 14:57, 12 October 2010 (UTC)Bennett Turk http://curiouslyawesome.com/2008/5/13/necessary-nutrients-for-a-new-improved-you http://www.tandurust.com/antioxidants/catalase-enzymes-antioxidants.html

While all living things, animal and plant, that depend on oxygen and the carbon cycle produce Catalase to offset internal H2O2 production. There is no Catalase that survives digestion. When you eat animal or plant material, regardless of its Catalase content, digestion breaks it down to small amino acids that are then absorbed for nutrition. Catalase that could be reactive no longer exists. References: •	"Biology"; Neil A. Campbell, et al.; 2008 •	Colorado State University: Absorption of Amino Acids http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/smallgut/absorb_aacids.html •	"Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry"; David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox; 2008 •	Can Catalase Be Absorbed in Foods?; By John Brennan; Sep 5, 2011 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Al simon (talk • contribs) 00:44, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

As the previous writer states, catalase is going to be broken down in the digestive system to amino acids. No catalase will reach the bloodstream. So catalase pills are fraudulent.Fletcherbrian (talk) 19:10, 9 July 2014 (UTC)

Iron becomes oxygen?
This is confusing. Catalase reacts with hydrogen peroxide by turning it into water and oxygen? Where does the extra oxygen atom come from? It sounds like you're saying that FeIV becomes the extra atom. I know I'm ignorant, can someone dumb it down for me? Thetrellan (talk) 17:05, 5 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Not at all a dumb question. The answer is provided later in the article: 2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2  I am not sure how to fix this however since the lead is supposed to be kept dead simple and the answer to your question requires a somewhat more involved answer.  Boghog (talk) 18:30, 5 July 2012 (UTC)

Empirical Formula?
What's the empirical formula of catalase? Can't find it anywhere.Fletcherbrian (talk) 19:06, 9 July 2014 (UTC)

"Human catalase works at an optimum temperature of 45 °C" not comfirmed in source
(English is not my native language, I'm sorry for possible grammar errors)

According to the Celluar Roles section of this page "the Human catalase works at an optimum temperature of 45 °C. " But the source doesn't mention a temperature of 45C anywhere, even when accessing the full pdf. I'm not a scientist or anything, just a student, and I most likely just made a error, but can someone else check if it is verified somewhere.

Tijmen Wil (talk) 07:01, 26 October 2016 (UTC)

 * I see someone's changed it to 37 °C in the meantime, but we are still lacking a good source. I can find a few rather dodgy book sources, and this article says that bovine catalase works best at 35 °C, both bound and free. --Slashme (talk) 18:37, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

 * Here's a 1956 article from Japan that gives the optimum temperatures for catalase from a variety of organisms. Not sure how accurate it is, though, because for bovine catalase it differs from a more recent article by 5 °C. --Slashme (talk) 18:40, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

 * This article finds a higher activity at 45 °C than 37, but didn't test at a higher temperature. I'm going to remove the statement about optimum temperature until someone finds a really good quality source. --Slashme (talk) 18:49, 27 September 2017 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Catalase


text:
Oscar van Dillen

Oscar Ignatius Joannes van Dillen (born 25 June 1958 in 's-Hertogenbosch) is a Dutch composer, conductor, and instrumentalist.

Education
Van Dillen studied North-Indian classical music (sitar, tabla, vocal) with Jamaluddin Bhartiya at the Tritantri School in Amsterdam and bansuri with Gurbachan Singh Sachdev at the Bansuri School of Music in Berkeley, California from 1977 to 1980, as well as classical and jazz flute at the Sweelinck Conservatory in Amsterdam between 1982 and 1984. Here, he also received composition lessons from Misha Mengelberg.

After studies of medieval and Renaissance music with Paul Van Nevel in Leuven (Belgium), he studied classical composition with, among others, Dick Raaymakers and Gilius van Bergeijk at the Koninklijk Conservatory in The Hague in 1990/1991 and with Klaas de Vries, Peter-Jan Wagemans and René Uijlenhoet at the Rotterdam Conservatory from 1996 to 2002. He also studied composition with Manfred Trojahn at the Robert Schumann College in Düsseldorf in 2001, where he also received lessons in conducting from Lutz Herbig.

Employment and affiliation
Van Dillen teaches World music composition as well as music theory in the jazz, pop and world music department at the Conservatory of Rotterdam. He lives in the same city.

He is a member of Componisten 96, a closely restricted association for the promotion of composing in the Netherlands.

He was the first chairperson of the Dutch chapter of the Wikimedia Foundation and among its founders. From December 2006 to July 2007 he was a member of the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation. He is also the vice president of The Netherlands - Turkey Friendship Foundation.

He is a founding member of the Rotterdam School of composers.

Works and projects
On 22 February 2008 his work Paradox – Music for a Sculpture was performed at the Boymans Van Beuningen Museum in Rotterdam.

On 21 November 2008 his *2 Cameras @ Sea (2008) premiered at Muziekgebouw aan 't IJ, Amsterdam during SHIFT, the Canadian and Dutch Arts Festival. Van Dillen composed the music for the Canadian ensemble "Continuum Contemporary Music".

In April 2009 Continuum Contemporary Music of Toronto premiered 2 Cameras @ Sea, a collaboration between Oscar van Dillen and Canadian filmmaker Clive Holden, commissioned by the Canada Council for the Arts. The performance took place at the Images Festival in Toronto, and was repeated in Amsterdam.

Also in 2009, Original Winds from Breda performed his ballet music in an extended series of music and dance performances in Rotterdam.

Van Dillen wrote Objet Privé, for solo cello, and Forecast, for violin, cello and bayan for cellist John Addison who also has one of the string quartets on his repertoire list.

Doelenkwartet premiered both of his string quartets and continue to play them regularly.

Compositions

 * Saxophone Quartet No. 1 (1996)
 * Conga for one percussionist (1996)
 * Toccata Sanguinica for Baroque guitar (1996)
 * Zwaar is Mooi for ensemble (1997)
 * Ignatia for clarinet solo (1998)
 * Tarentula for recorder duo (1998)
 * Tijd Speelt Geen Rol for ensemble (1998)
 * Summa Scientia for female choir (1999)
 * String Quartet No. 1 (1999)
 * Objet Privé (das Ding an mich) for violoncello solo (1999)
 * Le Panache for piano (2000)
 * Méditation for piano (2000)
 * Labyrinth for three moving trombone players (2001)
 * de Beweging for large orchestra (2001)
 * Memos for a New Millennium for Disklavier with Player (2002)
 * Roter Damm Verwandelt for solo rapper, ensemble and soundscape (2002)
 * de Stad for ensemble (2003)
 * mm³ for Toy piano (2004)
 * Forecast for violin, violoncello and bayan (2004)
 * ''String Quartet 2 (2007)
 * Paradox, Music for a sculpture (2008)
 * 2 Cameras @ Sea (2008), a project with Canadian filmmaker Clive Holden and part of the Utopia Suite.

Recordings

 * Van Dillen's first CD, de Stad (the City), performed by the Ensemble Gelber Klang, was released on Super Audio CD by Cybele Records (2003) SACD 361.301.
 * His work for three toy pianos mm3 is included on Bernd Wiesemann's CD Das Untemperierte Klavier: Neue Kompositionen für Kinderklavier, Cybele SACD 160.501.
 * The DoelenKwartet has recorded Van Dillen's String Quartet No. 1, Etcetera Records KTC 1339.
 * 10 Jahre Cybele Records - Klassik Der Zukunft (2004)

title: Oscar van Dillen


text:
User talk:Tcr25

Another Clipperton Island Article
Hey @Tcr25, I've started working on other articles about Clipperton Island. I've started a draft on the arbitration case between France and Mexico. If you're at all interested feel free to contribute. Draft:Clipperton Island Case.  Dr vulpes  (Talk) 02:00, 1 January 2024 (UTC)

New Orleans CSA map
Thank you for updating File:New Orleans–Metairie–Hammond combined statistical area.svg to show the new Slidell MSA. However, as part of the same definition change, Hammond was moved from the New Orleans CSA to the new Baton Rouge CSA, so this is causing some problems on various metro area pages when the image doesn't match the text. Would you mind creating a new version? -JD (talk) 03:43, 20 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks for flagging this, . I've gone ahead and created a new File:New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell combined statistical area.svg map and will update uses of the old map. —Carter (Tcr25) (talk) 12:27, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C

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title: User talk:Tcr25


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User talk:JohnEmerald

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Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. Your test worked, and has been reverted or removed. Please use the sandbox for any other tests you want to do. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our encyclopedia. Thanks. -- [[User:Solitude|Solitude\talk]] 14:46, Nov 23, 2004 (UTC)

Magical Mystery Tour album
Magical Mystery Tour was NOT issued as an LP in the UK until 1976 and was NOT considered an official Beatles album until the catalogue was issued on CD. It was an American album issued by Capitol Records. MMT was first issued in the UK as a double EP which was two 45 rpm records. Steelbeard1 10:16, 26 July 2006 (UTC) --But it would be wrong not to put the icon picture of this album. By the way, it's in wrong chronological order; someone should fix it, i'm bored for today .) --JohnEmerald 14:38, 26 July 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:JohnEmerald


text:
Talk:Train station/to do

 * Expand "History and development" section
 * Discuss "Differences with other types of station"
 * Discuss "Different types of station" (e.g. interchange, metro, freight, ferry)
 * Find some references to books or sites
 * Add Information on international Station Reference Numbers (the International Union of Railways has issued a system for referencing train stations worldwide - see de:IBNR) --Blauerflummi 22:29, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Train station/to do