text:
Talk:PSG (disambiguation)

Comments
Are all these notable? I'm tempted to delete all except the two that have articles. sjorford 14:44, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Not to you maybe, but yes, I only added expansions that I thought would become articles someday. Certainly I didn't go to the trouble of adding them just so they could be deleted later. Some probably exist already, under different titles. Stan 17:21, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Duplicate
Paramount Stations Group is listed twice here, once under Arts and media and once under Businesses and organizations. Which one should be removed? Glades12 (talk) 07:31, 2 February 2020 (UTC)

Requested move 10 March 2024

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Moved (non-admin closure)  microbiology Marcus [petri dish·growths] 20:14, 27 March 2024 (UTC)

PSG → PSG (disambiguation) – (to redirect PSG to Paris Saint-Germain F.C.) Easily the primary meaning of this initialism by usage: the club alone gets 80% of the pageviews of all topics listed here, and more strongly it gets 95%ish of clicks per WikiNav. Hameltion (talk | contribs) 05:22, 10 March 2024 (UTC) — Relisting. – robertsky (talk) 00:08, 18 March 2024 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * This is another interesting test case for primary topic by usage. The sum of redirects here is shown like this, there's two redirects. The |Psg|PSG_(disambiguation) total monthly incoming traffic in January for the sum of them was 1959, 929 and 0, so 2888. The middle number is missing from WikiNav, it's a known bug. In the same month we had identifed 2021 clickstreams to the proposed primary topic, plus 55 for women and 22 for academy, and the other identifiable clickstreams are less than that. That's actually only about ~70% compared to total incoming traffic. At the same time, the list was composed by someone who clearly didn't know about MOS:DABCOMMON, as the most common meaning is in the 6th section (Sports), which could be contributing to some of the remaining ~30% readers not clicking through, too. The disambiguation for this TLA has existed since 2003, and the history shows only a handful of attempts to short-circuit this in twenty years. Given recent experiences with primary topic discussions (cf. WT:D) I think we should ponder long-term significance better here, too. --Joy (talk) 13:49, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Thanks for looking into the WikiNav details, Joy, that's always a bit confusing.
 * On measures of long-term significance, searches for psg unsurprisingly return results just for the club on Google Search, News, and Images; a Books search for psg -author:psg gives first several for the club and then various science uses; and Scholar gives no results for the club. Also, unless something's off with syntax, polysomnography beats the club handily on ngrams, and it's the reverse on Trends. So it's overall a mixed bag; I still think the dominance in usage stats suggests a redirect would help most readers. Hameltion (talk | contribs) 17:52, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
 * It's rather unfortunate, agreed. When thinking of books ngrams, I find it interesting to add the baseline term, with wildcards, and the *gram version for *graphy, like this. There seems to be quite a bit of of an indication that there is significant ambiguity there, and readers are not really astonished they have to click again. --Joy (talk) 06:03, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Support per nom. — Amakuru (talk) 15:41, 25 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Support. Primary topic by pageviews, web search and clickstream. Celia Homeford (talk) 12:46, 27 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:PSG (disambiguation)


text:
Battle of Boyacá

The Battle of Boyacá (1819), also known as the Battle of Boyacá Bridge was a decisive victory by a combined army of Venezuelan and New Granadan troops along with a British Legion led by General Simon Bolivar over the III Division of the Spanish Expeditionary Army of Costa Firme commanded by Spanish Colonel José Barreiro. This victory ensured the success of Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada. The battle of Boyaca is considered the beginning of the independence of the north of South America, and is considered important because it led to the victories of the battle of Carabobo in Venezuela, Pichincha in Ecuador, and Junín and Ayacucho in Peru. New Granada acquired its definitive independence from the Spanish Monarchy, although fighting with royalist forces would continue for years.

Under the overall command of General Simon Bolivar, the Brigadier Generals Francisco de Paula Santander and José Antonio Anzoátegui led a combined patriot army of Newgranadians and Venezuelans that defeated in two hours the Spanish Royalist forces led by Spanish Colonels José María Barreiro and Francisco Jiménez who would both be captured in battle. The effective destruction of the Royalist Army led to the collapse of the Royalist Government in the capital of Santa Fe with Viceroy Juan de Samano along with other government officials fleeing the capital shortly after news had reached of the battle.

The battle occurred 150 km from Bogotá in the Andes Mountains, in a place known as Casa de Teja, close to a bridge over the Teatinos River and 3 roads heading to Samaca, Motavita and Tunja, an area which is now part of the Boyacá Department. The site of the battlefield today is dotted with various monuments and statues that commemorate the battle.

Prelude
General Simon Bolivar's Patriot Army surprised the Spanish by strategically crossing the Andes Mountain Range through the Paramo de Pisba into the Boyacá region in early July of 1819, however the march had weakened his army. To prevent this threat from growing stronger, Viceroy Juan de Samano ordered the commander of the Spanish forces in New Granada–which were the III Division of the Expeditionary Army of Costa Firme, led by artillery Colonel Jose Maria Barreiro to intercept and defeat Bolivar's army to prevent him from reaching the capital of Santa Fe. This would lead to the two forces clashing at the Battle of Vargas Swamp on July 25.

After Bolívar secured a narrow victory at the Battle of Vargas Swamp on July 25th, the Patriot Army camped near the vicinity of the battlefield, while Spanish Forces camped in the nearby town of Paipa. Both armies still had the same goal of reaching the capital Santa Fe, which was only defended by some 400 Spanish troops. On August 3, still camped in Paipa the Spanish observed Bolivar's forces cross the Chicamocha River near Paipa and then at night observed him by candlelight retreat to his original positions across the river. The Spanish then rested unaware of Bolivar's feint, as he ordered a nocturnal countermarch crossing the river again and taking the alternate route to the city of Tunja through the Toca Road.

This allowed Bolivar to outmaneuver his Spanish counterpart and gain the lead for the race to Santa Fe, a reversal of the previous situation with Bolivar now trying to prevent Barreiro from reaching the capital. On August 4 at 9:00 am the Patriot Army reached the village of Chivata and 2 hours later entered and occupied the city of Tunja. The city had been lightly defended as a small garrison and the Governor Juan Lono had left the city in the direction of Paipa to give Colonel Barreiro the supplies and reinforcements he had begged the Viceroy for, in the city Bolivar was able to obtain 600 rifles for his army.

Barreiro would eventually find out about this on August 5 and quickly marched his army southwest, midday he rendezvoused with Governor Juan Lono who provided him with 12,000 cartridges and 3 artillery pieces (2 howitzers and 1 cannon) that had been sent by the Viceroy. Upon learning that Bolivar had taken the city and seeing that his line of communication with the capital was cut, he ordered his army march around Tunja through the mountains northwest of the city at night through roads deemed impassable during the rainy season to avoid detection and gain the lead once gain. This march began in the town of Combita at 1 am August 6 and then proceeded to Motavita through a heavy downpour reaching the town at 11:30am where the army camped for the night. Marching through Motavita was considered a wise move strategically for the Spanish, due to its higher elevation one is able to observe Tunja from it. However Barreiro's movement did not go undetected and patriot spies informed Bolivar of their movements

Battle
At 3:30 a.m. on Saturday, August 7, the Royalist army departed Motavita and continued their march towards Santa Fe. From Motavita they marched down the Samaca road with the intention of rejoining the main Camino Real (Royal Road to Santa Fe) at the Casa de Teja or Casa de Postas where the road formed a Y shape as both the Samaca road and Camino Real converged and became a single road that crossed the Boyacá Bridge. The Boyacá Bridge was an important bridge that was part of the Camino Real de Santa Fe, where it crossed the Teatinos River which was swollen at this time of year as a result of winter rain season. The distance to the bridge was only 25 km which the Spanish completed in 7 hours 30 minutes, at an average pace of 18 minutes per kilometer. Early morning that same day at 7 am, Bolivar left Tunja and took up an observation point at the San Lazaro heights near Tunja, from there around 9 am he spotted the Royalist Army and was able to deduce the route that they were taking. A little after 10 through Colonel Manuel Manrique he ordered that

"Generals Santander and Anzoategui to immediately set out for Santa Fe along the Camino Real and to destroy Barreiro wherever they may find him"

Upon receiving this order, General Santander's Vanguard Division set out from Tunja toward Casa de Teja on the Camino Real with Anzoátegui's Rearguard Division following suit. Since 7am the Patriot army had been assembled in the central plaza of Tunja ready to move out at a moments notice, the bridge lay some 16km from Tunja, the Patriot army completed this in around 4 hours of marching. Between the hours of 12 to 1pm a fraction of the Royalist vanguard which was composed of the 2nd and 3rd Numancia infantry battalions along with some dragoons under the command of Colonel Francisco Jiménez arrived and took up position near the Casa de Teja, from where they could observe the bridge. Jiménez observing that there was no presence of patriot forces in the vicinity allowed his troops to rest and ordered that lunch rations be served.

Shortly before 2:00 p.m., patriot Captain Andres Ibarra and his forces spotted the Casa de Teja and the vanguard of the Spanish Army. The Spaniards spotted him too and the two exchanged fire, with Jimenez ordering his men to follow and engage what he believed was only a small observation force. 20 royalists chased after the Patriot force but later returned when they realized that this was a bigger force. General Santander who came marching down the Camino Real with the rest of the patriot vanguard upon seeing this unfold ordered Lieutenant Colonel Joaquín París commander of the Cazadores Battalion to attack the Royalist forces at the Casa Teja.

The Spanish vanguard was forced to fall back to river and crossed the strategic bridge over the Teatinos River and took defensive positions there. Meanwhile, the full vanguard of the Patriot army under Santander had reached Casa de Teja. The two vanguards now found themselves on opposite sides of the river, with this Santander then ordered Colonel Antonio Bejar to take some forces down the river and cross it in order to attack the Spanish vanguard from the rear. The Spanish rearguard was still several kilometers behind, so General Anzoátegui ordered to block the way between the vanguard and the rearguard of the Spanish forces. The rearguard, outnumbered, retreated to a small hill close to Casa de Teja. Anzoátegui then ordered a flank attack on the Spanish rearguard: battalions Barcelona and Bravos de Paez were to attack on the right side while the Legion Britanica and Rifles Battalion attacked on the left. The British Legion was a special forces squad composed of British and Irish people, which aided the revolutionary army in certain key battles for independence in South American countries. Unable to cross the river the Spanish assumed battle positions by the Casa de Teja: in the center they positioned three artillery pieces surrounded by the King's 1st infantry battalion to the left and the King's 2nd infantry battalion on the right, and on the wings, the Mounted Grenadiers and Dragoon cavalry units. Arthur Sandes commander of Rifles Battalion charged the royalist artillery. This charge disrupted the arming of the 3 artillery pieces the Spanish possessed (they had transported them unassembled) only one of them was able to be assembled which allowed it to fire 3 shots before the gun carriage that supported it broke rendering it useless. Outnumbered, the Spanish rear guard began to retreat without any clear direction. Therefore, Bolívar ordered lancers units to attack the center of the Royalist infantry, the 3rd and 5th companies of the Granadan Dragoons charged the Patriot cavalry however the patriot cavalry conducted a turn face maneuver causing the dragoons to retreat as the patriot lancers had longer lances than they did. The other Spanish cavalry squadron the Mounted Grenadiers, ran away from the battle via the road towards Samaca. The charge of two patriot army cavalry squadrons caused panic amongst the Spanish troops, who were formed up in a column to resist the attack, although they were given the order to perform a bayonet charge this was not carried out due to the panic and confusion. Barreiro and his officers tried in vain to contain the rout of their soldiers and dismounted from their horses which condemned them to easily be captured by their enemy.

Meanwhile, one kilometer and a half behind Casa de Teja, Bejar's Patriot vanguard managed to ford the river and was approaching the rear of the Royalist vanguard force. Once it reached them, the vanguard forces engaged in battle, while this occurred Santander led a charge across the bridge by force, using bayonets. The Spanish forces fled, leaving on the bridge their leader, Colonel Juan Tolrá who was killed. As the assembly of enemy prisoners began, the battle was over shortly after 4:30 p.m have only lasted a little more than 2 hours. The Patriots only suffered 66 casualties in total with some 13 dead and 53 wounded, meanwhile Barreiro's III Division was effectively dismantled as a result of the battle suffering 100 dead, 150 wounded, and 1,600 captured.

Aftermath
For their actions on the battlefield, Santander and Anzoátegui were both promoted to General of Division. At least 1,600 troops and several of the Spanish commanders, including Barreiro himself, were captured at the end of the battle. Since the majority of these captured troops were composed of Venezuelan and New Granadans, these troops were immediately incorporated into the Patriot Army which considerably augmented its size allowing Bolivar to dispatch these new units from the battlefield to other areas of New Granada that had not been liberated yet.

Through a messenger, who rode nonstop for 30 hours over the 100 km of bad roads that separated the battlefield from the capital, Viceroy Juan de Samano was informed of Barreiro's defeat around 10 pm on August 8th. Not wishing to take any chances Samano hastily prepared to abandon the capital and did so at 9:00 am on August 9 bound for Cartagena by way of Honda disguised as a peasant. So hasty was the Viceroy's departure that he failed to destroy important government documents and archives and left behind some 900,000 pesos in gold, silver, and currency. Earlier that same day at 7:00 am Colonel Sebastian de La Calzada blew up the gunpowder supply in the arsenal and left with the 400 troops who were stationed in the city bound for Popayan. Royalist sympathizers and other government officials also fled the capital.

Bolivar arrived on the 10th August with a group of cavalry in advance of his army where he received a jubilant welcome from the inhabitants of the city. On 18 September, a victory ceremony was held for the patriot army in the Plaza Mayor, Bolivar was crowned with a laurel wreath given to him by a group of 20 women of the most prestigious families of the city who were all dressed in white. Along with this crown, Bolivar, Santander, and Anzoategui were all awarded the Cruz de Boyaca medal which had been created for the occasionThis victory ceremony was accompanied by a large number of dances and balls held in honor of the victors with many of the officers along with Bolivar himself attending these festivities.

On the orders of Santander, Colonel Barreiro and 38 more were executed in Bogotá on October 11, 1819, because of the Decree of War to the Death. The bridge in question, el Puente de Boyacá, is no longer in use but it has been maintained as a symbol of the Independence of South America.

Consequences
The consequences of Bolivar's victory at Boyaca bridge lead to large chain of events that would end up changing the history of South America forever.
 * The final defeat of Royal forces in the New Kingdom of Granada and the weakening of the rest of the forces in all America.
 * Puente Boyaca Nov 09 2005.jpg The end of Spanish control over the American provinces, with the escape of viceroy Juan de Samano.
 * The creation of Gran Colombia.
 * The start of an autonomous government in the former Spanish provinces.
 * The subsequent independence of Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador and the creation of Bolivia, after a liberation campaign.

August 7 is a national holiday in Colombia. On this date every 4 years the elected President of Colombia is inaugurated as president by taking the presidential oath of office while also receiving the Presidential sash in the Plaza de Bolivar in Bogota. August 7 is also Army Day (Spanish: Día del Ejército Nacional) in Colombia, the Colombian Army holds a large military ceremony at the site of the battle to commemorate its anniversary. This was established officially in 1978 under the administration of President Alfonso López Michelsen.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Battle of Boyacá


text:
Talk:Joseph Estrada

Use official pictures
I was comparing the articles for the US presidents with those for the Philippine presidents. Why aren't we using the official pictures of the presidents? I think the official pictures will be more appropriate (and more aesthetically pleasing) for these biographies. It shouldn't be an issue since these pictures are in public domain. Micasta (talk) 14:13, 28 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Mostly we can't due to Philippine law that makes them need fair use regulations. – Howard  the   Duck  11:43, 20 October 2009 (UTC)

Neutrality
Please take note of the "Activities" section, it disputes Philippine history and assumes Estrada-favoring section. Also note unconstructive edits done by User:Philippinepresidency over Philippine-president related articles.--The Wandering Traveler (talk) 07:24, 22 March 2009 (UTC)

The Economy section was slanted in favor of the good numbers at the start of Estrada's presidency. An opinion letter by an Estrada spokesman cited was the source of much of the content and the bulk of the rest were merely goals the Estrada administration laid out in a plan. Actual results are far more pertinent than mere plans. The link to an article providing some of the numbers is no longer valid and the numbers given going by another source were rounded up. I have tried to be balanced in my edit so did not remove them but there are reasons to believe they present an unwarranted sunny spin on his handling of the economy although the people under him were generally competent. The early good numbers can partly be attributed to the peaceful transition of power after his election and the usual bump from election spending. The growth numbers are also misleadingly positive because due to the Asian Crisis and El Niño setting the bar very low the year-by-year comparisons were very easy. The important part of Estrada's legacy in relation to the economy, however, and not as easily captured in the immediate numbers was his impact on confidence. Business confidence suffered dramatically under Estrada and pretty much reversed the perception that the Philippines might be on the right track that the previous Ramos administration had tried mightily to establish. Estrada confirmed the worst fears of those thinking of doing business in the Philippines and what has been seen since was initial capital flight that has moderated into anemic investment. Veryveri (talk) 10:02, 26 September 2009 (UTC)

jude ejercito
original comment blanked per WP:BLP. --Bluemask (talk) 09:25, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

Descendants
How are his brother and his 2 nephews descendants of the former president? Descendants are those whom have descended from one person. Relative and descendant are not synonymous. The section section should be edited to have non-descendants removed or to be changed from descendants to something appropriate. 211.179.47.182 (talk) 23:19, 28 November 2010 (UTC)

Plunder conviction: No government money involved
While the Trial of Joseph Estrada mentioned this, this main one doesn't. His plunder conviction was on jueteng money and money from Belle Corporation. – H T  D  07:10, 14 March 2013 (UTC)

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Semi-protected edit request on 11 April 2021
JE Estrada himself shared on facebook that his father went off the ventilator and was treated with Leronlimab. I have pasted the correction and a facebook link where he says that his father was administered Leronlimab.

change "On March 28, 2021, Estrada was hospitalized and it was announced the next day that he tested positive for COVID-19.[53]"

to "On March 28, 2021, Estrada was hospitalized and it was announced the next day that he tested positive for COVID-19.[53] He went off ventilator and was treated with leronlimab.[54]

Source: [54] https://www.facebook.com/jinggoy.estrada.14661/posts/1076306802893234?comment_id=1076574919533089&reply_comment_id=1076665429524038&__cft__[0]=AZW5UK9ZJYK9ilLBd4sN_NXb6zQZ5aDESUQgF7CELPYEcZWqogtD_E0VeZHuUrsVDGnosU2Vcvk47N3E7Y5dpx5-T83DTknVkb2hquGZrXEaQ9nhMUcZP5Nivxt5I9XDogY&__tn__=R]-R Arkanalamin (talk) 11:43, 11 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. – NJD-DE (talk) 11:48, 11 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Joseph Estrada


text:
List of French-language Canadian television series

This is a non-exhaustive list of French-language television series from Canada. Most such television series are produced in Quebec, although a small number are also produced elsewhere in Canada. Series produced outside Quebec are noted below with a †.

For English Canadian series, see list of English-language Canadian television series.

0-9

 * 100 limites
 * 14, rue de Galais - drama
 * 19-2 - drama
 * 2 laits, un sucre - talk show
 * 450, Chemin du Golf - sitcom
 * 60 second chorno - game show

A

 * À cause de mon oncle - comedy
 * À la Di Stasio - cooking
 * À table avec mon ex! - reality
 * Action Réaction - game show
 * Ad Lib - talk / comedy / variety
 * L'Âge adulte - comedy-drama
 * L'Amour est dans le pré
 * Appelez-moi Lise
 * Après OD - reality aftershow
 * L'Arbitre - judge show
 * Atomes Crochus - licensed French-language version of RTL's Match Game
 * L'Attaque à 5 - sports news
 * Aventures en nord
 * Au secours de Béatrice
 * Automania
 * Aux frontières de l'inexpliqué - paranormal / documentary
 * Avec le temps (TV series) - comedy
 * Avec un grand A - drama
 * Les Aventures de Virulysse - children's

B

 * Le Bachelor - reality
 * La Bande des Six
 * BANDEÀPART.tv
 * Le Banquier - licensed French-language version of Endemol's Deal or No Deal
 * Les Beaux Dimanches
 * Les Belles Histoires des pays d'en haut - téléroman
 * Bibi et Geneviève
 * Big Brother - reality
 * Bleu Nuit - adult
 * Les Bleus de Ramville † - sitcom
 * Blindés
 * Bob Gratton: Ma Vie, My Life - comedy (2007-2009)
 * Bobino
 * Les Bolés
 * Bon Baisers de France
 * Bon matin Chuck, ou l'art de réduire les méfaits
 * Bootcamp: Le parcours extrême
 * Box-office
 * Les Bougon - satirical comedy (2004-2006)
 * Les Brillant
 * Bye Bye - sketch comedy

C

 * Ca fait la job - game show
 * Caméra Café - comedy
 * Catherine - sitcom
 * Les Cents tours de Centour
 * C'est comme ça que je t'aime - crime comedy
 * Chambres en ville - soap opera (1989-1996)
 * Chanteurs masqués - reality (2021)
 * Chop Suey - TV Series (1986–1994)
 * Ciel, mon Pinard! - cooking
 * Le Cimetière des CD - music critic show
 * Claire Lamarche - panel talk show
 * Le Club des 100 Watts (1988–94)
 * Le coeur a ses raisons - comedy soap opera parody (2005-2007)
 * Comme dans l'espace - children's educational series
 * Contact, l'encyclopédie de la création - documentary
 * Cornemuse
 * Les Coulisses du pouvoir - news
 * La Course destination monde (1988-1999) - documentary, film competition
 * Cover Girl - comedy
 * Cré Basile - comedy

D

 * Les Dames de coeur - drama
 * Dans une galaxie près de chez-vous - comedy / science fiction (1998-2001)
 * Défi Mini Putt
 * Le Défi mondial - documentary (1986)
 * Discussions avec mes parents - comedy
 * District 31 - drama
 * Donnez au suivant
 * Droit de Parole
 * Dumont 360 - news
 * Duplessis - historical drama
 * Dutrizac - news

E

 * Entre chien et loup
 * Entre deux draps
 * Escouade 99 - comedy
 * Et Dieu créa... Laflaque - comedy
 * L'été indien - talk-show

F

 * Fanfreluche
 * Félix et Ciboulette
 * Les Filles de Caleb (1990–91)
 * La Fin du monde est à 7 heures - satirical / sketch comedy (1997-2000)
 * Fortier
 * Les Franc-Tireurs - information / comedy
 * Francoeur † - drama
 * Le Fric Show - satirical news/variety
 * Fugueuse - drama
 * La Fureur - quiz / music

G

 * Un gars, une fille - sketch comedy (1997-2003)
 * Go Diego!
 * Génies en herbe - quiz
 * Le Grand Blond avec un show sournois - talk / comedy / variety (2001-2003)
 * Grande Ourse
 * Grosse Vie
 * La Guerre des clans - licensed version of RTL's Family Feud

H

 * Les hauts et les bas de Sophie Paquin
 * L'Héritage
 * Les Héritiers Duval

I

 * Iniminimagimo
 * Les Invincibles

J

 * Jamais deux sans toi
 * Jasmine
 * JE - news
 * Jean Duceppe
 * Jeunesse d'aujourd'hui
 * La Job - Quebec adaptation of the British-originated comedy The Office
 * Gags Juste pour rire - comedy
 * Le Gala Juste pour rire - comedy

K

 * Kif-Kif - teen
 * km/h - sitcom

L

 * Lâcher prise - comedy
 * Lance et compte - hockey drama (1986-)
 * Le sens du punch - comedy
 * Loft Story - reality
 * Like-moi! - sketch comedy

M

 * Macaroni tout garni - children's
 * La Maison-Bleue - sitcom
 * Le maître du jeu comedy/panel show
 * Maman Dion - cooking
 * Manon
 * Marie-Soleil † - children's
 * Méga TFO † - children's
 * Mégantic - drama
 * Mémoires Vives
 * Mensonges
 * Météo+ † - sitcom
 * Michaëlle - talkshow
 * Mike Ward Show - comedy
 * Milena Nova Tremblay
 * Minibus
 * Minuit, le soir
 * Minute moumoutte - children's
 * Mix Sonore - bilingual musical variety
 * Moi et l'autre - sitcom
 * Un monde à part
 * Le monde de Charlotte
 * Monsieur le ministre
 * Monsieur Tranquille
 * Montréal, ville ouverte - part non-fiction

N

 * Le National d'impro - improvisational comedy
 * Nic et Pic
 * Le nouveau show - sketch comedy
 * Nouvelle adresse - drama
 * La nuit où Laurier Gaudreault s'est réveillé - thriller drama

O

 * Occupation Double - reality
 * Omertà (1996-1999)
 * L'or du temps
 * Les Oraliens

P

 * Paquet voleur - game show
 * Le parc des braves
 * Les Parent
 * Parlez-Moi † - children's
 * Passe-Partout - children's (1977–87)
 * Patofville - children's
 * Paul, Marie et les enfants
 * Les Pays d'en haut - drama (2016-21)
 * Peau de banane
 * Pépino et Capucine
 * La Petite Vie - sitcom (1993-1999)
 * Pignon sur rue
 * Piment Fort (1993-2001)
 * Pin-Pon - children's (1996-1998)
 * Les Plouffe
 * Le Point - news
 * Point de Mire - news / information
 * Pokémon - anime (1998–present) (French dubbed)
 * Providence

Q

 * Quatre coins de l'assiette - documentary - gourmet cooking

R

 * R-Force - children / teens
 * Radisson - adventure
 * Ramdam - children / teens
 * Réal-TV - children / teens
 * RelieF † - newsmagazine
 * René Lévesque (1994)
 * René Lévesque (2006)
 * Les Rescapés
 * Ricardo - cooking (2002-present)
 * Robin et Stella (1988–92)
 * Rock et Belles Oreilles - sketch comedy
 * La Roue Chanceuse - game show
 * Rue des Pignons
 * Rumeurs - sitcom

S

 * St. Nickel † - comedy
 * Samedi de rire - sketch comedy (1985-1989)
 * Scoop - téléroman
 * La semaine des 4 Julie - talk show (2020)
 * Série noire - crime comedy-drama
 * Simmone et Chartrand - historical drama
 * SNL Québec - sketch comedy
 * Soeur Angèle - cooking
 * Les Soeurs Elliot - drama
 * La Soirée du hockey - sports
 * Sol et Gobelet - children's
 * Sortez-moi de moi - thriller drama
 * La Souris verte - children's
 * Sous le signe du lion - drama
 * Star Académie - licensed version of Endemol franchise Operacion Triunfo (Star Academy)
 * Station X - drama/animated

T

 * Tactik - children / teens
 * Tape-Tambour - children's
 * Taquinons la planète - satirical / sketch comedy
 * Taxi 0-22 - sitcom
 * Téléfrançais! † - children's
 * Le Téléjournal - news / information
 * Le Temps d'une paix
 * Terre humaine
 * Les Tisserands du pouvoir
 * Toi & Moi
 * Le tournoi de mètres - game show
 * Tous contre un - game show
 * Tout le monde en parle - talk show (2004-)
 * Toute la vérité
 * Le Traboulidon - children's
 * Trajectoires - documentary - retired NHL players
 * Le travail à la chaine -  game show
 * Trauma - medical drama
 * Le TVA 22 heures - news

U

 * Ultimatum
 * L'Union fait la farce - original licensed French-language version of RTL's Match Game
 * L'union fait la force - word games / quiz
 * Unité 9

V

 * Vertige - drama
 * La Vie, la vie
 * Viens voir les comédiens
 * Virginie - drama
 * Volt † - youth news and culture magazine
 * Les Voyages du tortillard

W

 * Walter et Tandoori - children's/animated
 * Watatatow - children / teens (1991-2005)
 * Wipeout Quebec - game show


text:
Submarine (baseball)

In baseball, a submarine is a pitch with the torso bent towards a right angle such that it rotates on the horizontal axis rather than the typical longitudinal axis. As a result of bending, the shoulders are closer to being parallel to the transverse plane rather than the typical coronal plane. The release is near the ground, but not underhanded, contrasting with the underhanded softball pitch in which the torso remains upright, shoulders level, and the hips do not rotate.

Description
The "upside down" release of the submariner causes balls to move differently from pitches generated by other arm slots. Gravity plays a significant role, for the submariner's ball must be thrown considerably above the strike zone, after which it drops rapidly back through. The sinking motion of the submariner's fastball is enhanced by forward rotation, in contrast with the overhand pitcher's hopping backspin.

Submarine pitches are often the toughest for same-side batters to hit (i.e., a right-handed submarine pitcher is the more difficult for a right-handed batter to hit, and likewise for left-handed pitchers and batters). This is because the submariner's spin is not perfectly level; the ball rotates forward and toward the pitching arm side, jamming same-sided hitters at the last moment, even as the ball drops rapidly through the zone.

The rarity of submarine pitchers is almost certainly attributable to its unusual technique. It is not typically a natural style of throwing—it is often a learned style—and because the vast majority of pitchers use an overarm motion, most young pitchers are encouraged to throw overhand.

Though the bending motion required to pitch effectively as a submariner means that submariners may be more at risk of developing back problems, it is commonly thought that the submarine motion is less injurious to the elbow and shoulder. Kent Tekulve and Gene Garber, two former submarine pitchers, were among the most durable pitchers in baseball history with 1,944 appearances between the two.

Past major league submariners include Carl Mays, Ted Abernathy, Elden Auker, Chad Bradford, Mark Eichhorn, Gene Garber, Kent Tekulve, Todd Frohwirth, and Dan Quisenberry. Steve Olin was also a submarine pitcher.

Japanese pitcher Shunsuke Watanabe is known as "Mr. Submarine" in Japan. Watanabe has an even lower release point than the typical submarine pitcher, dropping his pivot knee so low that it scrapes the ground. He now wears a pad under his uniform to avoid injuring his knee. His release is so low that his knuckles often become raw from their periodic drag on the ground.

Major League Baseball

 * Adam Cimber
 * Ryan Middendorf
 * Brian Moran
 * Tyler Rogers
 * Ryan Thompson
 * Zach Vennaro

Nippon Professional Baseball

 * Kazuhisa Makita
 * Rei Takahashi
 * Hirofumi Yamanaka
 * Kaito Yoza

KBO League

 * Park Jong-hoon
 * Dae-woo Kim

Chinese Professional Baseball League (Taiwan)

 * Lin Chen-hua
 * Huang Tzu-Peng

Former players

 * Ted Abernathy
 * Elden Auker
 * Chad Bradford
 * Tae-Hyon Chong
 * Mark Eichhorn
 * Craig Feltner
 * Todd Frohwirth
 * Gene Garber
 * Byung-hyun Kim
 * Terry Leach
 * Carl Mays
 * Porter Moss
 * Mike Myers (baseball)
 * Darren O'Day
 * Steve Olin
 * Dan Quisenberry
 * Gus Schlosser
 * Kent Tekulve
 * Jack Warhop
 * Shunsuke Watanabe
 * Kelly Wunsch
 * Brad Ziegler
 * Joe Smith
 * Eric Yardley

title: Submarine (baseball)


text:
Siobhan Hayes

Siobhan Teresa Hayes (born 21 July 1974) is an English actress. She is known for her roles as Abi Harper in the BBC sitcom My Family and Sandy in the BBC radio series Absolute Power.

Career
Hayes portrayed Abi Harper, a clumsy and dim-witted student in the British sitcom My Family, a role she held between 2002 and 2008, when the character became a nun, allowing a potential return. She has also made guest appearances in Little Britain, Paul Merton: The Series, Agatha Christie's Marple, Birds of a Feather, and The Bill. Her early appearances included portraying a pupil of Class 5C onwards from 1991, in the series Up the Garden Path.

In 2005, she was a contestant on the third series of the BBC competition Strictly Come Dancing, paired with professional Matthew Cutler. The couple were the first to be eliminated. On 1 February 2008, it was announced that Hayes would be joining EastEnders, in the role of Melinda, the partner of the show's returning Ricky Butcher portrayed by Sid Owen. This was Hayes' second role in EastEnders, as she portrayed Jane on 4 July 1991. Hayes starred in the 2011 British live action 3D family comedy film Horrid Henry: The Movie, portraying the role of the titular character's mother. In 2022, Hayes appeared in an advert for Specsavers and also featured in the Christmas advert for McDonald's.

title: Siobhan Hayes


text:
Category:Islands of Australia

To comply with the Australian place name conventions, islands should be disambiguated as necessary using name (state) or where there are more one island with that name in that state name (closer locality). Islands that are also towns follow the convention for towns, name, state.

title: Category:Islands of Australia


text:
John McLean (Illinois politician)

John McLean (February 4, 1791 – October 14, 1830) was a United States representative and a Senator from Illinois. He was the brother of Finis McLean and uncle of James David Walker.

Biography
Born near Guilford Court House (now Greensboro), Guilford County, North Carolina, February 4, 1791, McLean moved with his parents to Logan County, Kentucky in 1795. He moved to Illinois Territory in 1815. After studying law, he was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Shawneetown, Gallatin County, Illinois.

Political career
When Illinois was admitted as a State into the Union, McLean was elected to the Fifteenth Congress and served from December 3, 1818, to March 3, 1819. He failed to be re-elected in 1818 to the Sixteenth Congress. He was also an unsuccessful candidate for congress in the 1820 and 1822 elections. He was elected to the Illinois State House of Representatives in 1820, 1826, and 1828, and served as speaker. In 1824, McLean was elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy created by the resignation of Ninian Edwards and served from November 23, 1824 to March 3, 1825. He was unsuccessful in a bid for re-election, not managing to get more than 12 votes of the 27 needed in the legislature through 10 ballots, but resumed the practice of law. He was again elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1829, until his death, aged 39, in Shawneetown, Illinois in 1830. He was interred in Westwood Cemetery, near Shawneetown.

Legacy
McLean County, Illinois is named after him.

title: John McLean (Illinois politician)


text:
Talk:Antonio Gramsci

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Conversion to Christianity
During the presentation of the first international catalogue of stamps, Archbishop Luigi De Magistris, prefect emeritus of the Apostolic Penitentiary, revealed this week that the founder of the Italian Communist Party, Antonio Gramsci, returned to the Catholic faith of his childhood and received the sacraments before dying in April of 1937. 2804:14D:78D3:4AD8:F881:4FB5:1696:D03A (talk) 17:44, 5 January 2018 (UTC)
 * This is disputed, and it's well known his last wish to be buried in the acatholic cemetery.--191.19.39.233 (talk) 17:43, 3 October 2019 (UTC)

Gramsci and Left Communism
The passage cited for the sentence that claims Gramsci was a Left Communist reads as follows:

"It is likely that, had his true views been known (particularly his growing hostility to Stalin), he would have been expelled from the Party. Granted ‘provisional freedom’ on the grounds of ill health, Gramsci was moved to a supervised clinic in Rome in 1935 where he died of a stroke in 1937. He is buried in the Protestant Cemetery in Rome. Gramsci’s prison sentence was effectively a death penalty. More and more illnesses swarmed around his body, a situation made worse by the prison authorities’ indifference. Compounding this agony, Gramsci’s contact with his wife and children was irregular, not least because Giulia was susceptible to long bouts of mental illness and proved unwilling to return to Italy. He would never see his second son, Giuliano. A letter to Tatiana notes that being cut off from his family ‘added a second prison to my life’. ‘I was prepared for the blows of my adversaries’, he writes, ‘but not for the blows that would also be dealt me from completely unsuspected corners’ (1979: 175). Yet despite this, Gramsci’s brain did not cease functioning in 1928. It is a mark of the contingent, developing nature of Italian fascism that unlike millions of subsequent victims of totalitarianism, Gramsci was imprisoned, not murdered. With the help of the Cambridge economist Piero Sraffa, he was able to receive books and journals, and his sister-in-law Tatiana campaigned ceaselessly for his release and for improvements in his condition, eventually smuggling Gramsci’s writings from his room at the clinic. These took the form of 33 notebooks, a total of nearly 3,000 pages of tiny, meticulous handwriting. These Prison Notebooks are a fragmentary, incomplete record of Gramsci’s mental efforts over a decade, written under the watchful eye of the prison censor, and reassembled years later by editors and translators. Yet despite the conditions of their production and publication, what makes the Notebooks among the most important and moving documents of the twentieth century is precisely their immediacy, their sense of not being disinterested but of transcending the confines of prison, of reaching beyond the failure of socialism and the triumph of fascism, to understand a contemporary situation and to remake it. Thus, the very different scraps of synthesis and analysis in the Notebooks – about intellectuals, language and linguistics, about literature and folklore, the Southern Question and the Risorgimento, about ‘Americanism’, ‘Fordism’ and most insistently hegemony – build towards a major understanding of power and meaning in the countries of advanced capitalism." (25, Jones, 2006)

So again, there is no citation provided for Gramsci being a left communist. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 103.82.80.182 (talk) 18:23, 26 July 2018 (UTC)

References in Philosophy section
I am just now learning about Gramsci and would find it extremely helpful to have references in the Philosophy section to guide me in locating primary and, especially, secondary sources that support those entries. Jojalozzo (talk) 23:11, 9 November 2019 (UTC)

"philosopher, political theorist, linguist, sociologist, historian, writer, literary critic, journalist"
While Gramsci's writings cover a wide range of topics, I do not believe the description of him above is accurate. He could be accurately described as a "linguist", "historian", "philosopher", etc. if he had specialized in one of these fields, but occasionally writing on certain topics isn't enough to be classed with a specialist title like this. Hanshans23 (talk) 15:51, 30 August 2020 (UTC)

Influence on Avishai Benhaim
Why is this notable? Although Ben-Haim may be notable enough to have a Wikipedia article in Hebrew, I see nothing at that article - translated - to suggest Gramsci's influence on him is important to the reader of Gramsci's article. In fact, the supposed influence looks doubtful. I am deleting it. Taquito1 (talk) 13:08, 4 April 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Antonio Gramsci


text:
Mike Myers (baseball)

Michael Stanley Myers (born June 26, 1969) is an American former professional left-handed relief pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1995 to 2007.

High school and college
Myers attended high school at Crystal Lake Central High School in Illinois and later attended Iowa State University, where he played college baseball for the Iowa State Cyclones baseball team. In the summers of 1988 and 1989, he pitched for the Brewster Whitecaps of the Cape Cod Baseball League and was named a league all-star in 1989.

Minor league career
Myers was in the minor leagues for parts of six seasons. In his final four minor league seasons, he was 14–27 with a 4.29 ERA. He was used primarily as a starting pitcher until 1995, when he pitched 42 games, all in relief, for the Charlotte Knights and Toledo Mud Hens.

Professional career
The San Francisco Giants drafted Myers in the fourth round of the 1990 Major League Baseball Draft. Before he ever played for the Giants at the major league level, he was drafted by the Florida Marlins in the 1992 Rule 5 draft. He made his major league debut with the Marlins on April 25, 1995, pitching an inning of scoreless relief. In August of that year, the Marlins traded Myers to the Detroit Tigers as the player to be named later from an earlier deal between the two clubs, in which the Marlins acquired Buddy Groom.

He went a combined 1–9 for Detroit between the 1996 and 1997 seasons. He did lead the Majors in appearances, appearing in 83 and 88 games respectively in both seasons. Myers pitched for Detroit through the 1997 season. After the season, Myers was traded by the Tigers with Rick Greene and Santiago Perez to the Milwaukee Brewers for Bryce Florie.

Myers pitched for the Brewers for two seasons, pitching in 70 games in 1998 and 71 in 1999. After the 1999 season, the Brewers traded Myers to the Colorado Rockies for Curt Leskanic.

In 2000, Myers had the best season of his career while pitching half his games in Coors Field. He had a 2.05 ERA in 43 games at Coors Field in 2000. He finished the season with a career low 1.99 ERA in 78 games. The following season, Myers pitched in 73 games for the Rockies, going 2–3 with a 3.60 ERA.

Before the 2002 season, the Rockies traded Myers to the Arizona Diamondbacks for JD Closser and Jack Cust. In 2002, he had a 4.38 ERA in 69 games while in 2003 he had a 5.70 ERA in 64 games.

He signed as a free agent with the Seattle Mariners for the 2004 season, but was selected off of waivers by the Boston Red Sox in August 2004. He signed as a free agent with the St. Louis Cardinals in the 2004–05 offseason, but was traded back to the Red Sox for two minor league players before the 2005 season began.

During the 2005–06 offseason, Myers signed as a free agent with the New York Yankees. He got off to an amazing start in 2006, with an ERA under 2.00 by mid July. But he then struggled down the stretch. One big highlight late in the season was the big outs he got in Boston during a five-game series against the Red Sox. The Yankees released Myers in August 2007, and he signed with the Chicago White Sox.

On January 25, 2008, Myers signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers to a minor league contract and was invited to spring training. Myers did not make the Dodgers team, but was assigned to play for the Las Vegas 51s in Triple-A. He asked for his release from the 51s on April 25 and became a free agent.

On March 17, 2009, Myers was hired as a special assistant to the head of the Major League Baseball Players Association, Donald Fehr.

Pitching style
Myers is a submarine pitcher, throwing the ball with his arm at or below his shoulder rather than above. When Myers was with the Tigers, Baseball Hall of Famer Al Kaline, then a broadcaster with the team, suggested that Myers experiment with the submarine style of pitching. His luck improved in his next two appearances against Baltimore, retiring three batters in a row both times. "Kaline suggested my throwing sidearm to give me a little bit of funk and mystery against left-handed hitters. After what I did against Baltimore, I just kept going from there," Myers said. He threw two different breaking balls with a deceptive movement that disconcerted opposing hitters, especially left-handed hitters. Myers was also known to be particularly durable. From his first full major league season in 1996, he appeared in at least 60 games every year, topping 80 appearances in his first two seasons to lead the league both years, and over 70 in his next four seasons.

Myers's primary role was as a left-handed relief specialist (known in the sport as a "LOOGY, or "Lefty One-Out GuY"), against baseball's left-handed hitters, though the statistics say he may have had difficulty performing his job against the top left-handed hitters of his era. With the Rockies and Diamondbacks, he would frequently come into games to face Giants slugger Barry Bonds, and was similarly used by the Red Sox against Hideki Matsui of the Yankees and by the Yankees against David Ortiz of the Red Sox. However, through the end of the 2007 season, Bonds was 8-for-25 (.320) with a home run and eight walks against Myers, while Ortiz was 5-for-17 (.294) with a home run and two walks, and Matsui was 3-for-9 (.333) with a home run and a walk.

Personal life
Myers became an evangelical Christian in 1993.

title: Mike Myers (baseball)


text:
User:Alterego/Test of HTML entities

This is a somewhat dysfunctional list of the html elements that you cannot use on Wikipedia. To see the entire list, edit this page.
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title: User:Alterego/Test of HTML entities