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User talk:Bassaf

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Wasteland and Quartzsite, AZ
Hello! I saw your post on the talk page for Quartzsite, Arizona, about including a mention of its depiction in Wasteland. You could create a new "In popular culture" section for that fact. You would need to provide an inline source, though; I quickly looked online to see if I could find any connection between Quartzsite, AZ, and the town in Wasteland and wasn't able to find anything. But maybe you've found a source that I overlooked? CoatGuy (talk) 20:10, 20 December 2020 (UTC)

Thanks CoatGuy! There is this: https://wasteland.fandom.com/wiki/Wasteland_world?file=Main_map.png. But I'm also friends with Ken St. Andre who designed the game and he assures me Quartz is in fact Quartzsite. Do you think that map is good enough inline source? Or should I get Ken to state as much on Twitter that I can link to, or some other permanent web source? Bassaf (talk) 18:33, 21 December 2020 (UTC)

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User talk:Mtnerd

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Hi. What IP do you want your edits reattributed from? 66.47.117.103 doesn't have any edits. Thanks  — Kate Turner | Talk 07:44, 2004 Sep 4 (UTC)

Um, 66.41.117.103 is what was mine. Mtnerd 15:02, 6 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Iron Mike
Thanks for your addition to the Iron Mike article. I've done some cleaning up since then, and some more research on your Iron Mike, but I can't come up with any public domain photos. I've linked the section to an Air Force ROTC alumni site that has some pics, but linking to an Air Force site from the Iron Mike page seems... well, sacrilegious. ;)

If you have a digital camera, would you be willing to get a good photo and upload it so we could add it to the article? Kafziel 05:42, 28 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Sadly, I don't have a digital camera. The AF guys aren't too bad, but try the University sites for the different ROTC units.  has a selection on that information.--Mtnerd 18:31, 28 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Okay, I'll keep looking. Thanks for the addition to the article, though. I wrote it quite a while ago and hadn't gotten around to improving it, so knowing someone else had read it actually gave me the kick in the ass I needed to make it better. Kafziel 18:36, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Thought you might be interested to know that I found the real name of your Iron Mike and a photo of the same statue at the Smithsonian. The article is updated accordingly. Kafziel 23:20, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

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Talk:Majoritarianism

" GUYS THIS IS NON INFORMATIAL !!!!!!!!!!"'Bold text Addressed to the anon: The changes you're making to "Variations and concept in-depth" are too verbose and stretch the definition beyond what anyone understands the definition to be. The "decision to have representatives" makes no sense, and is, at best, POV. Further, let's keep the verbosity out of this article. Let's let it settle down for a while. -- Stevietheman 19:36, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC) ---

Sri Lanka/Tamil info
It seems like the amount of text devoted to covering the situation in Sri Lanka in this article is a bit excessive, perhaps the result of someone applying his recent thesis? Either way, it feels very unencyclopedic for a general article and should probably be deleted.

75.146.21.117 (talk) --- — Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.146.21.117 (talk) 13:24, 10 June 2011 (UTC)

As long as english is not my native language I cannot express my self easily

The definition of majority rule is : A rule that requires at least 50% plus one person of community members to agree and to vote for a measure in order for the whole community to make a decision on that measure. Also that majority is not allowed to prevent for a new majority to emerge anytime, thus not allowed to exclude any minority from democratic process.They dont fulfill the needs and wishes of minority.

So someone may say that representatives, as long as their role is obviously to decide for a measure before 50% of the people being asked or beeing able cast a vote for the specific measure, any decisions made by those representatives is against the 50% plus one rule. So the concept of representatives is against majority rule.

I the other hand, as long as the only restriction of majority rule is that majority is not allowed to prevent a new majority to emerge, it is possible for a majority to decide in favour of representatives or even in favor to monarchy and against majority rule. In that case, what I am trying to say is that in a pure majoritarian state, this new majority (which is against majority rule) is allowed to destroy majority rule and give full power to representatives or even to a king, but this very first majority decision (against majority rule) should be kept alive and respected and beeing able to change anytime, by any new majority that will be possibly emerge in futute. And also, any minority should not be exclude to vote using majority rule in this very first and last poll, that keeps the majoritarian state alive and running.

Even if too verbose, do you understand what I am trying to say?

 * I don't think this text takes the article off-course.

 * First, since I could say that representatives reflect the will of the people, I could say that a majority of representatives is equivalent to a majority of the people--therefore, our views cancel each other out as POV and shouldn't go into the article.

 * Second, I don't believe anyone recognizes that voters under majoritarianism can "vote their system out of existence". I believe this is one of those obvious things that doesn't even need to be mentioned.  But if you must say something, just mention it as another restriction--that is, under majoritarianism, a majority cannot decide to end the political structure of majority rule.  Besides, no democracy I know of has ever voted to knowingly reduce the people's power. -- Stevietheman 21:22, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * There are potential examples. One is Chile in the 1980s.  A plebiscite in 1980 approved an undemocratic constitution; however, a 1988 plebiscite then rejected the single presidential candidate Augusto Pinochet.  Another example is Liechtenstein, where a referendum in 2003 gave the prince major political powers unusual in a modern constitutional monarchy; he had threatened to emigrate if he was not given them. --Henrygb 12:25, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC). The dummest information ever.  :(

Need to slow down with the changes
We recently saw a lot of changes to this article that some may call "fast and loose". At any rate, since this article is relatively hardened, we need to take it slower and discuss any major changes before making them. Any major changes should be reverted that aren't discussed here first and also have the support of a consensus to include. I think this is fair.

That said, I believe the recent changes appeared to be very tilted toward a POV and also introduced a lot of questionable grammar that would have taken quite a bit of work to correct. Hopefully, the author will bring his material here and defend it. I'm (and I'm sure others) will be very open-minded to looking at it. -- Stevietheman 17:08, 3 Oct 2004 (UTC)

 * ok ...lets first of all have a look at the definition again... I dont think that majoritarianism definition
 * should mention terms such as nation or state or country. Majoritarianism, as an idea, refers and addapts better to
 * the terms population, society and community. Also majoritarianism is not nececerily defined to be an initialized
 * and restricted group of people that are separated from the others using some special conditions (like language,
 * religion, nationality, skin color or any other factor), thats why I tried to define both the initialized
 * majoritarianism and the uninitialized one. If you think the terms initialized and uninitialized are not suitable,
 * you may help me to propose a more suitable term in order to distinguish those two majoriatianism variations.

where does the magic number "50%" come from?
Just out of curiosity, where does the magic number "50%" come from? Are there articles on the various magic numbers used in voting? For example, many measures require "two-thirds majority" before they take effect; others require 100% Unanimity. -- DavidCary 18:35, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Majority is by definition more than 50% . Less than 50% is considered by definition to be a minority. For example a 49.999999% is considered to be the bigest possible minority. If you think that majoritarianism should refer also to percentages less than 50%, rather you should call it a big_minotarianism than a majoritarianism. "Two-thirds majority" is also majority (a strong one).A 50% percentage is by definition the lowest possible majority, thats why it is a "magic" number.

 * Agreed, except that a more exact "magic number" is "50% + 1". --Stevietheman 19:06, 22 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Strictly speaking, it is not "50% + 1", but rather " > 50%". For example, if 11 people are voting, 6 would be a majority (as would 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11), whereas "50% + 1" would imply that one would need 6.5 people (and therefore, at least seven) to achieve a majority. See . Furthermore, a phrase like "two-thirds majority" is not the best usage, and probably should not be used in a formal work, as it is a bit self-conflicting. Of course, this usage is frequent in common speech, like the related misuse of half (two people who are sharing a dessert: "Go ahead, you eat the bigger half." "Well, if it's bigger, it's not half then, is it?"). Also, saying "100% unanimity" is redundant, as a 100% approval rate and unanimity are synonymous, although they can be used together for emphasis. — Knowledge Seeker দ (talk) 02:12, 26 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * If you ask a group people a yes/no question, and their intelligence and knowledge on the topic is above absolute 0, the decision of the majority will be right by a chance above 50%. Or, that's how it was before advertizing. Two-thirds majority is arbitrary, though. --R.H. 01:45, 9 August 2005 (UTC) totally dum!! this is non sense cannot tolerate this nusence

Tyranny of the majority
The article tyranny of the majority redirects here, but this article really does not seem to address that subject, which has nothing to do with debates over representative versus direct democracy. Someone redirected here from the link in judicial review is not likely to get very far in this article before stumbling over rare idioms like "initialized majoritarianism" and wondering "what the !@#$% is this nonsense?" (I admit to not having been a poli.sci. major, but I do take an interest in government and political philosophy and I have never heard or read that turn of phrase in my life.) 18.26.0.18 04:35, 16 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I agree, something should be added about the philosophy of the tyranny of the majority. --Benna 22:51, 5 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Suspicious content
There have been recent concerns about original research in voting schemes which are alleged to have been contributed by user:iasson and his/her sockpuppets. In a recent discussion thread, he boasted "I have created 11 voting theories in Wikipedia. Go find them and delete them all!" This article was edited by anonymous users who also contributed to some of the other suspect articles. As a result of that investigation, I am now questioning significant portions of this article. For example,
 * 1) I am unable to independently source the use of the term "loose majoritarianism".  A google search for that exact phrase returns only 4 hits - our article and three that appear derivative of it.
 * 2) A search for "strict majoritarianism" returns more hits but none (except Wikipedia and various mirrors) which use it as a technical term in the sense of this article.
 * 3) The phrase "accurate majority rule" is presented as a technical term with definition yet returns only Wikipedia and mirrors.
 * 4) I have been unable to verify the statements about the "acceptable and unacceptable restrictions" on the two "variations of majoritarianism".

If anyone can definitively source the use of these terms and definitions, please do so either here or in the article. I do not pretend to be an expert in this field and look forward to learning more. However if they can not be independently sourced, they must be removed as unverifiable. Thanks.

By the way, I agree with the comment above that this article does not do a very good job of explaining tyranny of the majority. Either this article needs a significant rewrite (probably) or we need to find a better redirect. Rossami (talk) 00:18, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * I've already removed content related to "initiated and uninitiated majoritarianism". I left "loose" in the article as the opposite of "strict".  I see "loose" as an adjective rather than part of a term that distinguishes from "strict."  Perhaps a better term can be found.
 * That all said, I encourage anybody to do background research on this article and correct it as they will. I didn't create it and only have an interest in accuracy and encyclopedic relevance. --Stevietheman 01:52, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)

NPOV? Maybe Not.
The section on "Reform and Backlash" violates Wikipedia guidelines for NPOV. It is written in a partisan tone that reflects the author's bias in favour of majoritarianism. It can, however, be easily re-written so as to convey the polarity of majoritarianism vs. multiculturalism in an NPOV manner. I would urge the author to do so, so as to avert an edit war. Wandering Star 02:40, 28 February 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree that this section is fundamentally, biased (and indeed factually wrong) because it doesn't mention that these restrictions (e.g against the majority establishing a religion) are based on the Constitution, which wasn't written in 1960 and isn't a majoritarian document. Superm401 - Talk 10:49, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

Lack of Sources, Lack of Coherence
I know that the authors of Wikipedia's guidelines recommend against making sweeping criticisms about an article, but I find myself in a difficult situation. I am admittedly rather ignorant when it comes to majoritarianism -- or at least it's a term that doesn't pop up too often in my reading. However, I have read enough about voting theory to know that this article suffers from at least two major problems:

 * 1) At some points this article seems to be about the view that the default rule of a polity ought to be majority rule. At other points this article seems to be about the view that if a polity has an entrenched majority it ought to rule. These views are not equivalent. Anthony McGann would argue that these two views are incompatible. But even if he's wrong, we need to avoid conflating these two views.
 * 2) Paradoxically this article sometimes seems to state that minorities are protected under majoritarian governments. Though I agree with this statement, a significant defense of it has been developed recently, so it may violate NPOV to state it without argument. But the more glaring difficulty is that it doesn't mesh well with parts of the article that seem to equate majoritarianism with the establishment of an entrenched majority.

No doubt, part of the problem is that this article is entirely unsourced. This also makes it difficult for me to read about majoritarianism and offer criticism of this article that is more constructive. So can anyone recommend to me primary or secondary sources of information about majoritarianism? If you could recommend something that can be read for free on the Web or something I'm likely to find in a public library, that would be great. (I've googled, but that didn't lead to much that seemed relevant.) --SgtSchumann (talk) 23:49, 12 November 2008 (UTC)

I do agree with SgtSchumann that this article is quite confused. For a start the sentence "his traditional view has come under growing criticism and democracies have increasingly [...]" is historically wrong. In fact, in the constitutional debates in the US as well as in France the idea of human rights was put down (bill of rights; Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen) to prevent the "tyranny of the majority" as de Tocqueville put it. The awareness of this problem and was there from the first moments of modern democracy. Frankly, I have no idea where the authors of the quoted section and a few related parts want to go with this article. Are they proposing that the legal system accumulates legislation constraining present governments? Yes, of course this takes place but the legislative can simply replace it with new legislation. (This is of course different in those political systems where the executive is not elected by the majority of the parliament, e.g. the USA.) And if the executive decides to ignore existing legislation constraining government (e.g. because a 2/3 vote is required) they might get called back by some constitutional court (e.g. supreme court of the US or the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.141.28.137 (talk) 22:59, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

Some sources to help others improve this article
Here are some sources to help others improve this article (I don't expect to be putting any more work into this article myself).

First, Dictionaries:
 * http://www.lexilogos.com/english/dictionary.htm: These are free dictionaries. There are 9 British English Dictionaries, 8 American English, and 6 Mutlidictionaries. Currently only 1 of the 9 British English dictionaries (Collins), and 2 of the 8 American English dicitionaries (Merriam-Webster and Dictionary.com) even mention the term, a fact which is well worth pointing out in the article. Merriam-Webster tells us 'First Known Use of MAJORITARIANISM: 1942', while Dictionary.com tells us 'Origin: 1960-19651960-65; majoritarian + -ism'. In other words, if it really is a traditional political philosophy (as claimed in our lead but seemingly somewhat disputed by the excellent final comment in the preceding section), it's one that seemingly had no name (or perhaps some different name) for centuries. I expect that the term, used pejoratively, came into prominence in 1960-65 because at the time the US had just lost its majority in the UN General Assembly and thus wished to complain about the alleged tyranny of the new UN majority, and/or because the US Civil Rights Movement created a need for Blacks to criticize White majorities in the South and/or for Southern Whites to criticize the pro-Civil Rights majority in the country as a whole (probably citing States Rights as a protection against the alleged tyranny of that majority) - maybe the new term 'majoritarianism' was needed because the old terms (tyranny of the majority, mob rule, etc) were discredited through centuries of use in defence of slavery (initially) and segregation (later). However I leave it to others to see if they can find any Reliable Sources to support any such speculations.

 * http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/majoritarianism

Definitions noun

a form of democracy which upholds the rule of the majority Example Sentences Including 'majoritarianism'

The impact of this stultifying majoritarianism was the creation of a society that frowned on the liberty to be different. Roper, Jon DEMOCRACY AND ITS CRITICS - ANGLO-AMERICAN DEMOCRATIC THOUGHT IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Definition of MAJORITARIANISM
 * http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/majoritarianism

 * the philosophy or practice according to which decisions of an organized group should be made by a numerical majority of its members

First Known Use of MAJORITARIANISM

1942

noun 1. rule by a majority, especially the belief that those constituting a simple majority should make the rules for all members of a group, nation, etc. Origin Expand 1960-19651960-65; majoritarian + -ism
 * http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/majoritarianism

Examples from the web for majoritarianism Expand Majority rule or government by the consent of the governed becomes a crude form of majoritarianism. While majority rule is the bedrock principle upon which democracy rests, simple majoritarianism has its own drawbacks.

- Sources got by googling 'majoritarianism' in Google Books: Correction: The 2 Essex University academics are just editors of the book. The Majoritarianism entry is by Dutch political scientist Arend Lijphart.
 * http://www.memidex.com/majoritarianism This is the first of the 6 Multidictionaries, and it gives plenty of useful info.
 * I leave it to others to check out the other 5 Multidictionaries.
 * https://books.google.ie/books?id=srzDCqnZkfUC&pg=PA427&dq=majoritarianism&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6cKmVOxh7q3sBvaFgeAO&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=majoritarianism&f=false - This seems to have a very useful 'majoritarianism' article by 2 academics from Essex University in the UK. Unfortunately page 428 is not available online, but the pages before and after are useful. It often seems to contradict some of the things in our article. In particular I note that those 2 Essex University academics say that almost all majoritarians accept some safeguards for minority rights, though they then seem to suggest that this acceptance can later tend to get less straightforward in practice.

 * page 429 in the above contains a 'Further Reading' list of other potentially useful books on the topic, though I leave it to others to check them out

Tlhslobus (talk) 17:07, 2 January 2015 (UTC) NOTHING IS INFORMATIAL BLAH! BLAH! BLAH! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 27.116.18.8 (talk) 12:29, 13 July 2015 (UTC)
 * There are presumably other books that can be got by googling 'majoritarianism' in Google Books,  though I leave it to others to check them out.

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"Dominant majority" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has asked for a discussion to address the redirect Dominant majority. Please participate in the redirect discussion if you wish to do so. signed,Rosguill talk 19:46, 13 January 2020 (UTC)

Error re: Majoritarian Electoral System?
I believe a majoritarian electoral system is one in which candidates require a majority of votes to be elected, such as a Two-Round (top two) or Instant Runoff. Yet this article asserts majoritarian systems use a mere plurality vote, which seems like an error: "This should not be confused with the concept of a majoritarian electoral system, which is a simple electoral system that usually gives a majority of seats to the party with a plurality of votes. A parliament elected by this method may be called a majoritarian parliament (e.g., the Parliament of the United Kingdom and the Parliament of India)." Parliament of the U.K. I don't believe is majoritarian electoral system as classified by political scientists, rather it's a plurality system—i.e. each representative can be elected without a majority vote. Filingpro (talk) 18:49, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

Merge with Direct Democracy Article (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_democracy)
Hello, just a quick side note before I begin and that is that I am a new user so if I make mistakes please be patient this is in fact my first attempted edit. I believe this article should be merged with direct democracy because their is no real practical difference between the two. As mentioned the example in the majoritarian article Athenian Democracy is direct democracy and what makes it a direct democracy also by definition makes it majoritarian. Direct democracy and/or majoritarian democracies/societies are distinct from what we would call representative democracies which often have constitutional protections and judiciaries which can sideline or overthrow the people and reject their decisions. A classic example would be same-sex marriage as in ballot initiatives it failed the vast majority of times it was put on the ballot (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state_constitutional_amendments_banning_same-sex_unions) and that includes even if you include legalizations that were not via sate constitutional amendment (https://www.cnn.com/2012/11/07/politics/pol-same-sex-marriage/index.html) and note where the CNN article mentions that they "lost at the ballot box more than 32 times" compared to the three states that legalized same sex marriage over the 32 who choose to ban it. However the will of the people at the time (it has not been put on the ballot since Obergefell) was overthrown via supreme court decisions such as Obergefell V. Hodges and Hollingsworth v. Perry. This was able to happen particularly because of the United States being a representative democracy and in many ways these judges are representatives. That the will of the people (which is always understood to mean the majority) was overthrown over constitutional concerns. The direct democracies article mentions referendums and initiatives and later lists these aspects of the United States that have semblance to a direct democracy or have direct democratic aspects to them. In other words in order for a direct democracy to vote everyone must vote (not through representatives but everyone (or at least every citizen or person with voting rights)) and what ever comes out of the voting becomes law via majority wins. Switzerland's Landsgemeinde system mentioned in the direct democracy article is another example which shows this where it is a direct democracy where the citizens vote and majority wins and then by definition is also majoritarian as is pretty much all other systems mentioned in the article of direct democracy and what makes them a direct democracy by definition also makes them majoritarian. So I hope to initiate the process to merge the Majoritarianism article to the Direct Democracy article and please respond with your doubts if you have any. Additionally since I am new and this is literally my first attempted edit I would invite more experienced users to make minor edits to my post to be more in compliance with Wikipedia's standards and let me know what they are so I can improve. — Preceding unsigned comment added by ALSBBAB1234 (talk • contribs) 07:10, 8 April 2022 (UTC)

 * They are distinct ideas. You can have representative majoritarianism if the representatives represent the diversity of views and the representatives will change when the majority view changes.  You can have direct democracy where there are restrictions on what decisions can be taken, e.g. to protect minorities.10:11, 26 May 2022 (UTC)  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A00:23C6:148A:9B01:1D00:3E6F:2415:7A9C (talk)

title: Talk:Majoritarianism


text:
Talk:The Manchurian Candidate (1962 film)

References to use

 * Please add to the list references that can be used for the film article.

 * — Preceding unsigned comment added by Erik (talk • contribs) 18:16, 22 October 2010

Which interrogation sequences were the rough cuts?
In the Trivia sub-section it mentions that "The famous interrogation sequences in the film are the rough cuts". There are many scenes in which people are being interrogated. It is possible to narrow down to which ones this is a reference to? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Marktreut (talk • contribs) 14:15, 7 January 2007

Cold War additions
I think the additions were all good, but the Cold War section ends with the affirmation by some source that the Kennedy assassination in November of 1963 brought the Cold War to an end. This is not true. It is true that the unsolved mystery of the Kennedy assassination was an integral part of the Cold War in its peak years, but it's accomplishment did not end it. It continued until the 1980s with the fall of the Berlin Wall according to official American historiography. But what we see these days in the Ukraine is in some form still a continuation of it. Thank you, warshy (¥¥) 17:28, 30 October 2023 (UTC)


text:
David Munrow

David John Munrow (12 August 1942 – 15 May 1976) was a British musician and early music historian.

Early life and education
Munrow was born in Birmingham where both his parents taught at the University of Birmingham. His mother, Hilda Ivy (née Norman) Munrow (1905–1985), was a dance teacher and his father, Albert Davis "Dave" Munrow (1908–1975), was a lecturer and physical education instructor who wrote a book on the subject.

Munrow attended King Edward's School, Birmingham until 1960. He excelled academically and was noted for his treble voice. He was lent a bassoon and returned it in about a fortnight, able to play it remarkably well.

In 1960, Munrow took a gap year and went to Peru to teach English at Markham College in Lima under the British Council student teacher scheme. He reached Lima by train from São Paulo and later spent some time touring Brazil, Bolivia, Peru and Chile, immersing himself in the traditional music of Latin America and collecting folk instruments. He returned to Britain with a number of Bolivian flutes and other obscure instruments.

While reading English for a master's degree at Pembroke College, Cambridge, he became involved in musical performance, playing South American instruments in a students' autumn-term concert organised by Christopher Hogwood. A professor of music, Thurston Dart, was intrigued by Munrow's performance and encouraged him to explore links between Latin American folk instruments and early European instruments. While visiting Dart's study, Munrow noticed a crumhorn hanging on the wall; Dart suggested he borrow it and this inspired Munrow to commence an independent study of early musical instruments.

Career
Starting from his ability as a pianist, singer and bassoonist, Munrow began to acquire copies of medieval and renaissance instruments, together with folk instruments such as the Chinese shawm 'suona' and Spanish bagpipes 'gaita'. Whilst still an undergraduate he began to give lecture recitals, initially assisted by Mary Remnant. Later, he formed a trio with Christopher Hogwood and his future wife, Gillian Reid, and toured music clubs and music societies giving recitals featuring predominantly medieval and renaissance music, some of which was featured in the Oryx LP 'The Mediaeval Sound'. He joined the Royal Shakespeare Company Windband as a bassoonist but soon played instruments of Shakespeare's time under the encouragement of music director Guy Wolfenden. Although he displayed talent on a wide variety of instruments, he had a particular lasting influence as a recorder player. His English style of discreet and controlled expression contrasts with the greater tonal flexibility of the Continental style espoused by the Dutch recorder player Frans Brüggen and others.

By 1967 he was appointed a part-time lecturer in early music history at the University of Leicester, having married Gillian Veronica Reid the previous year. He also taught early woodwind instruments at King’s College London, where his mentor, Thurston Dart, had recently been appointed head of the new music department. With Christopher Hogwood he formed the Early Music Consort of London, whose core members were experts on their particular instruments. Sometimes other professional musicians were employed when necessary, such as Nigel North and Robert Spencer, both highly regarded lutenists. From 1968, he toured the world, unearthing obscure instruments in every country he visited. He commissioned reconstructions of instruments related to the cornett and rackett from, amongst others, Christopher Monk and Otto Steinkopf. Two television programmes made him a household name: The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1970) and Elizabeth R (1971). He also scored the feature film adaptation of the former, Henry VIII and His Six Wives, in 1972.

The early music revival was born following Munrow's success with his soundtrack for The Six Wives of Henry VIII, which contained authentic music played on original instruments, and generated worldwide enthusiasm for music and instruments from the renaissance period. Subsequently, demand for such historical instruments increased dramatically, resulting in Munrow's encouragement for the formation of a business specialising in this area, which is still trading as The Early Music Shop, established in 1968 and now based in Saltaire, West Yorkshire. Munrow was a loyal and enthusiastic customer of the Early Music Shop, having helped the founder, Richard Wood, create the business's name, and travelling immediately to the music store to be re-equipped with a variety of historical instruments after losing his entire collection in a theft.

Munrow's two contributions to film music were for British directors:
 * Ken Russell's The Devils (1971). Munrow's contribution included numbers from Terpsichore, Michael Praetorius's collection of French dance music. It complemented an original score by Peter Maxwell Davies.
 * Zardoz (1974), written and directed by John Boorman. This included arrangements of Beethoven's Symphony No. 7 for early music instruments.

During his relatively short life, Munrow released over 50 records, some of which are now available on CD. In addition to his recordings with The Early Music Consort of London, he recorded with Michael Morrow's Musica Reservata, Alfred Deller and the King's Singers. He recorded Bach and Monteverdi many times, but his widest influence was in the Medieval and Renaissance periods. His three-record set with The Early Music Consort of London, The Art of the Netherlands, issued in 1976 (EMI SLS5049), was particularly influential in popularising the genre.

On BBC Radio 3 he presented 655 editions of Pied Piper, a multi-ethnic and centuries-spanning spread of music from Monteverdi to the Electric Light Orchestra rock group. Munrow also had dealings notably with Pentangle, the Young Tradition and Shirley and Dolly Collins.

Apart from his regular radio slot and other programmes, he appeared on television, most notably on BBC 2 in a series entitled Ancestral Voices in a London studio, and on ITV's Early Musical Instruments, filmed on location at Ordsall Hall in Salford. He also wrote one book entitled Instruments of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. This originally accompanied a record set of the same name.

Personal life
Munrow's personal interests were travel, sailing, jazz and antiques, as revealed in his appearance on Desert Island Discs. He was also a linguist. In addition, he wrote some articles on music, especially for his own recordings, most often for the OUP journal Early Music.

Death
In 1976, Munrow hanged himself while in a state of depression; the recent deaths of his father and father-in-law, to whom he dedicated his sole book, are thought to have contributed to his decision to take his own life. He had, however, attempted suicide by drug overdose the previous year.

His death was widely seen as a tragic loss to the early music movement.

Legacy
Munrow perhaps did more than anyone else in the second half of the 20th century to popularise early music in Britain, despite a career lasting barely 10 years. This was underscored when NASA's Voyager space probe committee selected one of his Early Music Consort recordings for the Voyager Golden Record, a gold-plated copper record that was to be sent into space. "The Fairie Round" from Paueans, Galliards, Almains and Other Short Aeirs by Anthony Holborne was included among a compilation of sounds and images which had been chosen as examples of the diversity of life and culture on Earth. Two discs were launched into space in 1977, the year after Munrow's death.

Munrow left behind him not only his recordings but a large collection of musical instruments. The Munrow Archive at the Royal Academy of Music holds a collection of his letters, papers, TV scripts, scores, musical compositions and books. The collection is accessible to the public. The online catalogue of the British Library Sound Archive reveals his many recording entries, and those of many other notable people.

Information about the life and work of David Munrow can be found in obituaries about him in 1976 (particularly the OUP journal Early Music), and in the following sources: a detailed piece in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography by Christopher Hogwood; The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians; The Art of David Munrow, a record set with a biography by Arthur Johnson, the producer of Pied Piper; and on the old vinyl sleeve of the Renaissance Suite.

Selected discography

 * Recordings with Musica Reservata
 * French Court Music of the Thirteenth Century (1967)
 * Music from the 100 Years War (1968)
 * Music from the Decameron (1969)
 * 16th Century Italian Dance Music (1970)
 * Music from the Court of Burgundy (1971)
 * Recordings with The Early Music Consort, directed by David Munrow
 * Ecco la primavera – Florentine Music of the 14th Cent (1969)
 * Music of the Crusades (1971)
 * The Triumphs of Maximilian I (1970)
 * Music for Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain (1972)
 * The Art of Courtly Love (1973)
 * Praetorius – Dances and Motets (1973)
 * Music of Guillaume Dufay: Missa "Se La Face Ay Pale" (1974)
 * Instruments of the Middle Ages and Renaissance (1976)
 * Monteverdi's Contemporaries (1976)
 * Music of the Gothic Era (1976)
 * Greensleeves to a Ground (1976)
 * Festival of Early Music – Music from 14th Century Florence, Music of the Crusades & The Triumphs of Maximilian (1976)
 * Henry Purcell: Birthday Odes for Queen Mary (1976)
 * The Art of the Netherlands (1976)
 * Two Renaissance Dance Bands / Monteverdi's Contemporaries (1996; recordings from 1971 and 1975)
 * The Young Tradition and Early Music Consort
 * Galleries (1968)
 * The Round Table & David Munrow
 * Spinning Wheel (1969)
 * "Saturday Gigue/Scarborough Fair" (single) (1969)
 * Shirley and Dolly Collins & the Early Music Consort of London
 * Anthems in Eden (1969)
 * Love, Death and the Lady (1970)
 * Amaranth (1976; reissue of the Anthems in Eden suite with one side of new recordings, credited to Shirley Collins only)
 * Ashley Hutchings
 * Rattlebone and Ploughjack (1976)
 * Royal Shakespeare Wind Band, directed by Guy Wolfenden
 * Music From Shakespeare's Time (1969)
 * David Munrow, Gillian Reid, Christopher Hogwood
 * The Mediaeval Sound (1970)
 * Pleasures of the Court – Festival dance music by Susato & Morley (1971)
 * David Munrow, Oliver Brookes, Robert Spencer, Christopher Hogwood
 * The Amorous Flute (1973)
 * David Munrow solo or in various combinations
 * Telemann: Suite for Recorder and Orchestra, Concerti for Recorder and Orchestra by Sammartini and Handel
 * The Art of the Recorder (1975)
 * The Art of David Munrow (1971–1976)

Radio

 * Tolkien's The Hobbit (BBC Radio 4 adaptation) (1968)

Television

 * The Six Wives of Henry VIII (BBC TV) (1970)
 * Elizabeth R (BBC TV) (1971)
 * Early Musical Instruments (Granada TV) (1976)
 * Ancestral Voices (BBC TV) (1976)

Film

 * The Devils (directed by Ken Russell) (1971)
 * Henry VIII and His Six Wives (directed by Waris Hussein) (1972)
 * Zardoz (directed by John Boorman) (1974)
 * La Course en tête (directed by Joël Santoni) (1974). A documentary on Belgian cyclist Eddy Merckx. Soundtrack released as Renaissance Suite (1974)

Awards and recognitions
Grammy Award for Best Chamber Music Performance:
 * David Munrow (conductor) & the Early Music Consort of London for The Art of Courtly Love (1977)

title: David Munrow


text:
List of governors of the Gold Coast

This is a list of colonial administrators in the Gold Coast (modern Ghana) from the start of English presence in 1621 until Ghana's independence from the United Kingdom in 1957. In addition to the Gold Coast Colony, the governor of the Gold Coast was for most of the period also responsible for the administration of the Ashanti Colony, the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast Protectorate and the League of Nations/United Nations mandate/trust territory of British Togoland.

Governors of the Gold Coast (1822–1828)

 * Sir Charles MacCarthy, 27 March 1822 – 17 May 1822, first time
 * James Chisholm, 17 May 1822–December 1822, first time
 * Sir Charles MacCarthy, December 1822–21 January 1824, second time
 * James Chisholm, 21 January 1824 – 17 October 1824, second time
 * Edward Purdon, 17 October 1824 – 22 March 1825
 * Major-general Sir Charles Turner, 22 March 1825 – 8 March 1826
 * Sir Neil Campbell, 18 May 1826 – 15 November 1826
 * Major Henry John Ricketts, 15 November 1826 – 11 October 1827, first time
 * Hugh Lumley, 11 October 1827 – 10 March 1828
 * George Hingston, 10 March 1828 – 5 June 1828
 * Major Henry John Ricketts, 5 June 1828 – 25 June 1828, second time

Governors of the Committee of Merchants of the Gold Coast (1828–1843)

 * John Jackson, 25 June 1828 – 19 February 1830
 * George Maclean, 19 February 1830 – 26 June 1836, first time
 * William Topp, 26 June 1836 – 15 August 1838
 * George Maclean, 15 August 1838 – 1843, second time

Governors of the Gold Coast (1843–1960)
In 1843 a governor was appointed subordinate to the Governor of Sierra Leone until 1850. After the Third Anglo-Ashanti War of 1873–74, the Gold Coast was formally declared a crown colony.
 * Henry Worsley Hill, 1843–8 March 1845
 * James Lelley, 8 March 1845 – 15 April 1846
 * William Winniett, 15 April 1846 – 31 January 1849, first time
 * James Coleman Fitzpatrick, 31 January 1849 – 13 January 1850
 * Sir William Winniett, 13 January 1850 – 4 December 1850, second time
 * James Bannerman, 4 December 1850 – 14 October 1851
 * Stephen John Hill, 14 October 1851–December 1854
 * Henry Connor, December 1854–March 1857, acting
 * Sir Benjamin Chilley Campbell Pine, March 1857–April 1858
 * Henry Bird, April 1858–20 April 1860, acting
 * Edward B. Andrews, 20 April 1860 – 14 April 1862
 * William A. Ross, 14 April 1862 – 20 September 1862, acting
 * Richard Pine, 20 September 1862 – 1865
 * Rokeby Jones, 1865, acting
 * William Elliot Mockler, 1865, acting
 * Edward Conran, April 1865–February 1867
 * Herbert Taylor Ussher, February 1867–April 1872, first time
 * John Pope Hennessy, April 1872 – 1872
 * Charles Spencer Salmon, 1872–September 1872, acting
 * Robert William Keate 7 Mar 1873 – 17 Mar 1873
 * Robert William Harley, September 1872–2 October 1873
 * Garnet Joseph Wolseley, 2 October 1873 – 4 March 1874
 * James Maxwell, 4 March 1874 – 30 March 1874, acting
 * Charles Lees, 30 March 1874–June 1874, acting, first time
 * George Cumine Strahan, June 1874–7 April 1876
 * Charles Lees, 7 April 1876–December 1876, acting, second time
 * Sanford Freeling, December 1876–13 May 1878, acting to 5 June 1877
 * Charles Lees, 13 May 1878–June 1879, acting, third time
 * Herbert Taylor Ussher, June 1879–1 December 1880, second time
 * William Brandford Griffith, 1 December 1880 – 4 March 1881, acting, first time
 * Sir Samuel Rowe, 4 March 1881 – 29 April 1884
 * W. A. G. Young, 29 April 1884 – 24 April 1885
 * William Brandford Griffith, 24 April 1885 – 7 April 1895, second time
 * William Edward Maxwell, 7 April 1895 – 6 December 1897
 * Frederick Mitchell Hodgson, 6 December 1897 – 29 August 1900, acting to 29 May 1898
 * W. Low, 29 August 1900 – 17 December 1900, acting
 * Sir Matthew Nathan, 17 December 1900 – 9 February 1904
 * Herbert Bryan, 9 February 1904 – 3 March 1904, acting, first time
 * John Pickersgill Rodger, 3 March 1904 – 19 September 1910
 * Herbert Bryan, 19 September 1910 – 20 November 1910, acting, second time
 * James Jamieson Thorburn, 21 November 1910 – 29 June 1912
 * Herbert Bryan, 29 June 1912 – 26 December 1912, acting, third time
 * Sir Hugh Charles Clifford, 26 December 1912 – 1 April 1919
 * Alexander Ransford Slater, 1 April 1919 – 8 October 1919, acting, first time
 * Frederick Gordon Guggisberg, 9 October 1919 – 24 April 1927
 * Sir James Crawford Maxwell, 24 April 1927 – 5 June 1927, acting
 * John Maxwell, 5 June 1927–July 1927, acting
 * Sir Alexander Ransford Slater, July 1927–5 April 1932, second time
 * Geoffry Northcote, 5 April 1932 – 29 November 1932, acting, first time
 * Sir Shenton Thomas, 30 November 1932 – 13 May 1934
 * Geoffry Northcote, 13 May 1934 – 23 October 1934, acting, second time
 * Sir Arnold Weinholt Hodson, 24 October 1934 – 24 October 1941
 * Sir George Ernest London, 24 October 1941 – 29 June 1942, acting, first time
 * Sir Alan Cuthbert Maxwell Burns, 29 June 1942 – 2 August 1947
 * Sir George Ernest London, 2 August 1947 – 12 January 1948, acting, second time
 * Sir Gerald Hallen Creasy, 12 January 1948 – 15 February 1949
 * Sir Robert Scott, 15 February 1949 – 28 March 1949, acting, first time
 * Thorleif Rattray Orde Mangin, 28 March 1949 – 11 June 1949, acting
 * Sir Robert Scott, 11 June 1949 – 11 August 1949, acting, second time
 * Sir Charles Noble Arden-Clarke, 11 August 1949 – 6 March 1957.

Governor-General of Ghana (1957–1960)
In 1957, the Gold Coast Colony, the Ashanti Colony, the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast Protectorate and the British Togoland Trust Territory, became an independent dominion within the British Commonwealth of Nations called Ghana. The Governor-General of Ghana served as the representative of the Queen of Ghana, whose formal title in Ghana was ‘Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Ghana and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth’. The entire dominion formed part of Her Majesty's dominions until the country became a republic in 1960.
 * Lord Listowel, March 1957 – July 1960

title: List of governors of the Gold Coast


text:
Talk:Hilary Duff (album)

Merging Singles
I don't believe any of the singles should be merged, because they are seperate CD's and other artists don't have their singles merged WestJet

The Getaway (song) and Weird (song)
I couldn't find any evidence that "The Getaway" and "Weird" were released as singles anywhere, so I've redirected the articles here. Extraordinary Machine 14:30, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

On a related note, I've just removed this slab of unreferenced text from the article:

 * "The Getaway" was released as a promotional single for the album in North America. It was originally slated for a full single release in October 2004, but was postponed to November, then January 2005, and then March. It was then cancelled and Duff's record label, Hollywood Records, told her to start recording a new album (which later became Most Wanted, 2005). Executives at her label said that Hilary Duff hadn't sold as well as her second album Metamorphosis (2003), and that she should release a new album instead of promoting her third.

Hopefully we can cite a source for this if it's true. Extraordinary Machine 14:32, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, okay, I've found sources saying that these songs (as well as "I Am") were radio singles. I've also provided a reference for some of the claims about cancelled single releases. Extraordinary Machine 03:07, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Slant Review
Why is the "professional" review of Slant added in the reviews list? If you read the review it is filled with profanity and surely cannot be accepted as a "professional" review, I have removed it. Tipexcom2 18:08, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The presence of profanity in a review should not preclude it from being considered "professional"; the managers of Metacritic.com believe Slant is a "professional" enough source to include reviews from it on their website. The review gave the album one stars out of five - of course it will include strongly expressed opinions. Extraordinary Machine 20:47, 22 February 2007 (UTC)j

Worldwide sales figure removed
I've just removed the worldwide sales figure supported by http://buenavistarecords.go.com/hilaryduff/index2.html (Duff's official website), which states "Hilary’s #1 solo debut CD "Metamorphosis sold 4 times platinum, followed by her self –titled album and “Most Wanted” both of which sold 3 million records." It doesn't say Hilary Duff and Most Wanted sold three million copies each worldwide (because they say Metamorphosis "sold 4 times platinum", they're probably referring to combined U.S.-only sales for the two albums anyway), and what's more, record labels often use the term "records" to refer to combined album and single sales. I'd be very careful about taking what you read in official website biographies and other material originating from the record company at face value; usually what they do is a) exaggerate sales figures, typically by reporting numbers of shipments to retailers as "sales", and/or b) write the material ambiguously enough that it could be misinterpreted as saying something more positive (e.g. a higher sales figure) than is actually true. Extraordinary Machine 21:00, 22 February 2007 (UTC)j

Robert Christgau's review
Can someone include this in the reviews? Link: http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=Hilary+Duff TheKillerAngel 20:15, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

singles
Do radio singles even count as real singles? From my current knowledge, there are only two known singles from this album which are Fly and SWOM (Aus only). —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.85.133.214 (talk) 06:26, 1 May 2007 (UTC).

Fair use rationale for Image:HilaryDuff-Fly.ogg
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If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 17:07, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

Fair use rationale for Image:HilaryDuff-IAm.ogg
Image:HilaryDuff-IAm.ogg is being used on this article. I notice the image page specifies that the image is being used under fair use but there is no explanation or rationale as to why its use in this Wikipedia article constitutes fair use. In addition to the boilerplate fair use template, you must also write out on the image description page a specific explanation or rationale for why using this image in each article is consistent with fair use.

Please go to the image description page and edit it to include a fair use rationale. Using one of the templates at Fair use rationale guideline is an easy way to insure that your image is in compliance with Wikipedia policy, but remember that you must complete the template. Do not simply insert a blank template on an image page.

If there is other fair use media, consider checking that you have specified the fair use rationale on the other images used on this page. Note that any fair use images uploaded after 4 May, 2006, and lacking such an explanation will be deleted one week after they have been uploaded, as described on criteria for speedy deletion. If you have any questions please ask them at the Media copyright questions page. Thank you.

BetacommandBot (talk) 17:08, 19 November 2007 (UTC)

Orphaned references in Hilary Duff (album)
I check pages listed in Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for orphaned references in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of Hilary Duff (album)'s orphans, the problem is that I found more than one version. I can't determine which (if any) is correct for this article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

Reference named "CAPIF": From Metamorphosis (Hilary Duff album):  From Dignity (album):

I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not. AnomieBOT ⚡ 20:47, 29 March 2010 (UTC)

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title: Talk:Hilary Duff (album)


text: Category:Syrian athletes

title: Category:Syrian athletes


text:
Robert Schlumberger von Goldeck

Robert Alwin Schlumberger, Edler von Goldeck (12 September 1814 - 13 July 1879) was an entrepreneur and the first producer of sparkling wine (Sekt) in Austria.

Life
Schlumberger was born in Stuttgart in the German Kingdom of Württemberg. Upon the early death of his father, he began a commercial apprenticeship. As director of Ruinart, one of the leading champagne houses in Reims, France, he was experienced with the méthode champenoise. In 1841, on a boat trip he met his future wife Sophie Kirchner from Vienna, the daughter of a wealthy factory owner. He had the idea to produce champagne-like wine (Schaumwein) in Austria using the French method but Austrian grapes.

In 1842, Schlumberger founded his company renting several vineyards in Vöslau, a small Lower Austrian town south of Vienna situated in the present-day Thermenregion wine-growing area of the eastern Vienna Woods. His alliance which Sophie Kirchner, whom he married in the following year, helped him finance his business venture. Schlumberger presented his first sparkling wine in 1846 under the name Vöslauer weißer Schaumwein (White sparkling wine of Vöslau), from 1859 under Vöslauer Goldeck, the first protected wine trademark in Austria. It was produced from red Blauer Portugieser grapes growing in the Goldeck vineyards in Vöslau, which Schlumberger bought in 1843, and the sparkling wine was an immediate success.

Schlumberger wines were on board of the SMS Novara on its around-the-world mission 1857-1859. The company opened branch stores in Berlin and after the 1862 International Exhibition also in London, where the wine was sold under the brand name "Vöslauer Sparkling". Robert Schlumberger also served as Vöslau mayor from 1864 to 1870. In 1878, one year before his death, he was ennobled by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria as "Edler von Goldeck". He died in Vöslau, aged 64.

Schlumberger Sekt company
Schlumberger's son and heir Otto received the title of a K.u.k. Hoflieferant in 1895. The company survived the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1918 and up to today, Schlumberger Wein- und Sektkellerei GmbH with its seat at Vienna-Döbling is one of the leading producers of sparkling wine in Austria. In 1973, it was taken over by the German Underberg company.

 * Grape Varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon (Red), Merlot (Red), Cabernet Franc (Red)
 * Specific Vineyards: Goldeck, Hupfenberg, Oberkirchen

Quotes
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (1832–1910) in a letter to his daughter Bergliot from Schwaz in Tyrol, 29 May 1894: We drank Vöslauer Schaumwein, and maybe it was time place and mood that made a difference, but the best Champagne does not suit me like this one.Vöslauer wine is also mentioned by John Galsworthy (1867–1933) in his 1926 play Escape as well as in the 1957 volume of novellas Fin de siècle by Paul Morand (1888–1976).

title: Robert Schlumberger von Goldeck


text: Category:Syrian sportspeople

title: Category:Syrian sportspeople


text:
October 2000 protests in Israel

The October 2000 protests, also known as October 2000 events, were a series of protests in Arab villages in northern Israel in October 2000 that turned violent, escalating into rioting by Israeli Arabs, which led to counter-rioting by Israeli Jews and clashes with the Israel Police and ending in the deaths of 13 Arab demonstrators and 1 Israeli Jew.

The Or Commission was established to investigate the police response to the rioting. Israeli media outlets refer to the episode as אירועי אוקטובר 2000 - the "October 2000 events" while the Arab community refers to it as the "October ignition" (هبة أكتوبر).

Background
In September 2000, tensions between the police and Israel's Arab citizens rose. On 12 September, Israel Police Northern District Commander Alik Ron requested an investigation of Hadash MK Mohammad Barakeh for inciting violence against police. At a meeting of the High Follow-up Committee for Arab citizens in Israel the next day in Kafar Manda, United Arab List's MK Abdulmalik Dehamshe declared: "We will beat or forcefully attack any policeman and we will break his hands if he comes to demolish an Arab house … we are on the verge of an Intifada among Israel's Arabs following Alik Ron's incitement."

On 14 September, Nazareth declared a general strike protesting "police incompetence in handling violence and crime" after the murder of a local resident, Nabieh Nussier, 52. On 30 September, the High Follow-up Committee called on the Arab community to mount a general strike to protest the killings of five Palestinians by Israeli police in the Jerusalem clashes of the previous day, which many consider the first day of the Second Intifada.

Demonstrations in Arab towns in northern Israel began to spread after repeated airings of news footage showing the alleged shooting death of 12-year-old Muhammad al-Durrah, who was said to have been caught in the crossfire between Israeli forces and Palestinian militia.

1 October
Arab demonstrations and acts of civil-disobedience in solidarity with the Palestinians turned violent following the proclamation of a general strike by the Arab Higher Monitoring Committee to protest the deaths of Arab rioters in Jerusalem the previous day. Arab rioting took place throughout northern Israel. Violence occurred in Umm al-Fahm, Nazareth, Acre, Fureidis, and villages throughout the Galilee. In a number of areas police came under gunfire, and demonstrators threw Molotov cocktails. An Egged bus was torched in Umm al-Fahm.

Israel Police officers and Border Police gendarmes responded with live ammunition, tear gas, and rubber bullets. At the entrance to Umm al-Fahm, police used sniper rifles to prevent the Wadi Ara road from being blocked. Israeli-Arabs Muhammad Ahmad 'Eiq Al-Jabarin and Ibrahim Sayyam Al-Jabarin and Gaza resident Misleh Abu Jarad were killed. About 75 people, including Umm al-Fahm mayor Raed Salah, were wounded.

2 October
Police dispersed an Arab demonstration in Arraba with tear gas and live ammunition. Alaa Nassar, 18, and Asel Asleh, 17, were killed.

Demonstrators in Nazareth threw stones, burned tires, looted and burned shops. 100 demonstrators were hurt, including one woman who was seriously injured. Dozens of residents of Mashhad approaching a Jewish neighbourhood of Nazareth Illit and smashed house and car windows.

Traffic was blocked with burning tires on Route 65, a main artery connecting northern and central Israel. A Jewish man was attacked and pulled from his car by local youth, which they then torched. Three banks in Baqa al-Gharbiyye were set on fire.

3 October
Ramez Bushnak, 24, from Kafr Manda, was shot in the head and died the same day during a confrontation with police, who explicitly denied claims that he was shot from close range. Dozens of residents clashed with police blocking the way to Jewish neighbourhoods in Misgav. The funerals of those killed in previous days became focal points of renewed clashes.

Extensive forest fires which Israel Police believed were the result of Arab arsonists caused the evacuations of some residents.

4–6 October
Following the meeting between Barak and the Arab Higher Monitoring Committee, a general calm reigned with only minimal violence, including on 6 October, on which a "Palestinian day of rage" had been announced by Hamas. On 4 October, hundreds of Arab residents of Jaffa burned tires, threw rocks, and beat some reporters.

On 6 October mourners in Kafr Kanna at a funeral of one of those killed in clashes stoned and moderately injured a Jewish motorist from Tiberias. The next day, hundreds of Jewish youth in Tiberias burned tires, attacked a mosque, and attempted to assault Arabs. Dozens of haredi youth stoned Arab traffic in Jerusalem and attacked Palestinian labourers, who were subsequently rescued by police.

7 October
Jewish and Arab youth threw rocks at each other near a shopping mall on the border between Jewish and Arab neighbourhoods in Nazareth. Arab traffic in Nazareth Illit was stoned. In Tiberias, mosques, Arab passersby businesses all suffered damages, and the attacks were repeated two days later. A gas station at the Golani Junction was torched, and police attempting to stop the attacks there on Arabs were themselves attacked.

A Jewish citizen, Bachor Jann, from Rishon LeZion, was killed after being hit by a stone thought to have been thrown by those taking part in the protests in Jisr az-Zarqa while driving on the Haifa-Tel Aviv freeway. A scuffle at an Or Akiva shopping mall between Jewish and Arab citizens resulted in an attack on the responding police and the throwing of a Molotov cocktail.

8 October
Jews from Nazareth Illit, including apparently many Russian-speakers, attacked Arabs and their homes and businesses in Nazareth on the eve of Yom Kippur. Police, informed of the intention to attack Arabs, beefed up their forces and deployed them on the seam line between the two communities. When hundreds of Jewish youths from Nazareth Illit came down to throw stones and vandalize Arab properties, however, the police did not impede them. The Arab residents emerged from their homes to defend them, and reciprocal stone throwing clashes ensued. Police dispersed the riots with tear gas and live ammunition. Two Arabs, Omar Akawi and Wissam Yazbek, were shot dead, the latter by a gunshot wound to the head, fired by a policeman from behind him. The shooters were never identified.

Three Arab-owned apartments were torched in Tel Aviv, and hundreds clashed with police. Demonstrators chased two Arab employees out of a restaurant and set fire to it which damaged two Arab-owned cars parked in front.

9 October
Hundreds of Jews rioted in Nazareth, breaking windows in a shopping mall and torching two cars. The mayor of Karmiel was attacked when he tried to calm Jewish citizens there. Arab property in Bat Yam and Petah Tikva was vandalized.

A large police force was required to thwart hundreds of demonstrators in Tel Aviv's Hatikva Quarter and in Bat Yam from attacking Jaffa. In Afula, roughly 700 Jewish demonstrators blocked Route 65 with boulders, and assaulted a policeman. 100 of the protestors broke off and tried to enter the Arab village of Nein, until police thwarted them.

In Acre, hundreds of Jewish rioters vandalized Arab shops and cars owned by Arabs.

The newspaper Al-Ittihad reported that four men stabbed an Arab worker on his way to work at a supermarket in Rosh HaAyin. In Jaffa, a mosque was torched as police looked on. Attempts were made to burn Jewish apartments and two synagogues. In Ramla, a synagogue was torched and traffic was stoned and firebombed. In Lod, a Jewish citizen was shot, a school was burned down, and attempts were made to torch a police station.

In Nazareth, a crowd of mourners from the funerals of the two demonstrators killed a day earlier approached the police station and threw rocks and firebombs at it, despite the police's decision to keep all officers inside and out of sight until quiet set in. The police responded with tear-gas; when the stone-throwing continued, the assistant-mayor and two Arab Knesset members on the scene guaranteed a cessation in exchange for a police retreat, which they did. Arab youths also vandalized traffic signals at the Canyon Junction.

In Migdal HaEmek, Jewish residents blocked the main road and stoned cars believed to be owned by Arabs. A number of stoners were detained, and teenagers marched on the police station insisting on their release, with rocks being thrown at police, resulting in one being wounded.

Several hundred youth from Umm al-Fahm stoned dozens of passing vehicles on Highway 65 and vandalized utility poles. The assistant mayor unsuccessfully attempted to stop the youths per agreements with police to avoid their involvement. The police still decided to keep distance, and the Umm-al-Fahm municipality finally cleared debris from the road allowing it to be reopened.

10 October
11 Arab businesses inside Acre's historic old quarter were vandalized.

Reactions
According to the Arab media organization I'lam the media coverage of the events of October 2000 created an atmosphere of war inside Israel, painting Arab citizens as violent rioters displaying their disloyalty to the State through riots; I'lam and other Arab organizations say that overall Arab citizens engaged in peaceful protest during October 2000, and that the entire population was treated in blanket fashion as a rioting 'fifth column.'

The Arab Association for Human Rights, Adalah, Mossawa, I'lam, and other Arab NGOs in Israel cited "deep rooted frustration [of Arabs] at their own status as second class Israeli citizens", as an underlying factor. The Arab youth organization Baladna was formed partially in response to the events of October 2000. According to Marwan Dwairy, the events of October 2000 are "an important landmark in the narrative of the Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel."

The Or commission report, which was established to investigate the events of October 2000, found a pattern of government "prejudice and neglect" towards the Arab-Israeli minority. The commission stated that Israeli establishment insensitivity had allowed widespread discrimination against Arab Israelis leading to the "combustible atmosphere" that led to the riots. The commission was critical of the police's use of excessive force to quell the riots including the use of sniper fire to disperse crowds. In conclusion the commission said that Israel "must educate its police that the Arab public is not the enemy, and should not be treated as such."

In 2005, the Israel Police Internal Investigations Department decided not to indict any officers involved in the events. The decision was supported by the Israeli State Prosecutor's Office. In 2008, following a review of the case by Israeli Attorney General Menachem Mazuz and Police Internal Investigations Department Chief Herzl Shviro, Mazuz accepted the State Prosecutor's Office recommendation and decided not to press charges against any police officers and close the case, declaring that a re-examination of the gathered in the Or Commission and Police Internal Investigations Department's report found no evidence of criminal conduct by police.

title: October 2000 protests in Israel