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2nd Cavalry Regiment (United States)

The 2nd Cavalry Regiment, also known as the Second Dragoons, is an active Stryker infantry and cavalry regiment of the United States Army. The Second Cavalry Regiment is a unit of the United States Army Europe and Africa, with its garrison at the Rose Barracks in Vilseck, Germany. It can trace its lineage back to the early part of the 19th century.

Previous names and dates
Previous designations of the regiment:

 * 2nd Regiment of Dragoons (May 1836 – March 1843, April 1844 – August 1861);
 * 2nd Regiment of Riflemen (March 1843 – April 1844);
 * 2nd US Cavalry Regiment (August 1861 – July 1942);
 * 2nd Cavalry Regiment (Mechanized) (January 1943 – December 1943);
 * 2nd Cavalry Group (Mechanized) (December 1943 – July 1946);
 * 2nd Constabulary Regiment (July 1946 – November 1948);
 * 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment (November 1948 – July 1992);
 * 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment (Light) (July 1992 – March 2005);
 * 2nd Cavalry Regiment (March 2005 – June 2006);
 * 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment (June 2006 – July 2011);
 * 2nd Cavalry Regiment (July 2011 – present).

Coat of arms
Description/Blazon

Shield;

Tenné, a dragoon in the uniform of the Mexican War mounted on a white horse brandishing a saber and charging a Mexican field gun defended by a gunner armed with a rammer all proper, in chief two eight-pointed mullets Or.

Crest;

On a wreath of the colors (Or and Tenné) the head dress of the dragoons of 1836 Proper. Motto Toujours Prêt (Always Ready).

Symbolism

The color of the facings of the old dragoon regiment was orange, which is used for the field of the shield; the insignia was an eight-pointed star of gold, two of them (conforming with the numerical designation) are placed on the shield. The traditional episode in the regiment is the charge of Captain May's squadron on the Mexican artillery at Resaca de la Palma which is commemorated by the principal charge on the shield.

Background

The coat of arms was originally approved for the 2d Cavalry Regiment on 6 August 1920. It was amended to change the 6 pointed stars to 8 pointed stars to conform to the old dragoon star on 28 April 1924. The coat of arms was redesignated for the 2d Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron on 31 July 1944. On 26 November 1946, it was redesignated for the 2d Constabulary Squadron. It was redesignated for the 2d Armored Cavalry Regiment (US Constabulary) on 17 March 1949. The coat of arms was redesignated for the 2d Armored Cavalry on 1 September 1955. The insignia was redesignated effective 16 April 2005, for the 2d Cavalry Regiment.

Distinctive unit insignia
Description/Blazon

A metal and enamel device one inch (2.54 cm) in height consisting of a gold eight pointed star of rays surmounted by a green palmetto leaf charged with a silver color fleur-de-lis, on a green ribbon scroll forming the base of the device, the regimental motto "Toujours Prêt" in gold metal letters.

Symbolism

The eight-pointed star insignia worn by dragoons, the 2d Cavalry having been originally formed as the Second Regiment of Dragoons in 1836. The palmetto leaf represents the Regiment's first action against the Seminole Indians in Florida, where the palmetto leaf grows in abundance. The fleur-de-lis is for combat service in France in both World War I and World War II. The motto "Toujours Prêt" (Always Ready) expresses the spirit and élan of the Regiment.

Background

The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 2d Cavalry Regiment on 16 January 1923. The insignia was amended to change the 6 pointed star to an 8 pointed star to conform to the old dragoon star on 28 April 1924. On 23 March 1931, it was amended to prescribe the method of wear. It was redesignated for the 2d Constabulary Squadron on 21 January 1948. The insignia was redesignated for the 2d Armored Cavalry Regiment (US Constabulary) on 17 March 1949. It was redesignated for the 2d Armored Cavalry Regiment on 1 September 1955. The distinctive unit insignia was amended to change the description on 20 August 1965. It was redesignated effective 16 April 2005, for the 2d Cavalry Regiment.

Between 1808 and 1815
In 1808, there was one regiment of light dragoons in the United States and during the War of 1812 another regiment was raised. Units of both regiments of dragoons served in engagements at the Mississineway River; the Battle of Lundy's Lane; Fort Erie and the Siege of Fort Meigs. These two regiments were consolidated on 30 March 1814 into the Regiment of Light Dragoons but this new unit was dissolved on 15 June 1815.

Early organization

The precursor organization was originally established by President Andrew Jackson on 23 May 1836, as the Second Regiment of Dragoons of the US Army. A and I Companies were recruited in the Fort Myer, Virginia area, B Company recruited from Virginia and Louisiana, C Company drew recruits from Tennessee, E, F, G, and H recruited from New York, and K Company was drawn from New Orleans. D Company was organized from a detachment of the 1st Dragoons and served in Florida immediately. In April 1837, the regimental headquarters was moved to Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, where the 400 new recruits and their instructors participated in the School of the Trooper, and learned the tactics and ways of being a dragoon, while some of their compatriots were battling the Indians in Florida.

Second Seminole War
The 2nd Dragoons saw their first combat during the Second Seminole War. Company D drew first blood on 10 June 1836 in an engagement at Welika Pond, close to Fort Defiance, Florida. In December 1836, A, B, C, E, and I Companies arrived in South Carolina, and immediately moved south. In January 1837, the troopers were engaged by the Seminoles at Fort Mellon only two days after their arrival. On 9 September 1837, three Dragoon companies and two companies of Florida militia surrounded and attacked a hostile village, capturing King Philip, an important chief. The 2nd Dragoons brought the fight to the hostile Seminoles, rather than wait to be ambushed inside a fort like other units did.

Mexican–American War
Under an act of Congress dated 23 August 1842 the regiment was re-designated as the Regiment of Riflemen effective 4 March 1843. This act was repealed on 4 April 1844 and the regiment reverted to its previous designation.

In October 1842, A, D, E, F, and G Companies moved to Fort Jessup, Louisiana and Fort Towson. The remainder of the regiment stayed in Florida to patrol for hostile bands of Seminoles. Fort Jessup became the regimental headquarters, and was the 2nd Dragoons' home for four years. When hostilities with the Centralist Republic of Mexico began to boil over in 1845, General Zachary Taylor assembled his "Army of Observation" at Fort Jessup, and the 2nd Dragoons marched overland to occupy Corpus Christi, Texas.

They soon established Fort Texas, near modern-day Brownsville, Texas. The regiment conducted aggressive patrolling along the Rio Grande, and on 25 April 1846, they received word that Mexican troops were crossing the river. Two companies of the 2nd Dragoons were ambushed by 500–1,600 Mexican troops (accounts vary), and all were either killed or captured. This battle, known as the Thornton Affair, gave US President Polk the casus belli he needed to invade Mexico.

When General Taylor counterattacked, the 2nd Dragoons forced the enemy to turn their flank during the Battle of Palo Alto. The next day, during the Battle of Resaca de la Palma on 9 May 1846, Companies D and E under Captain Charles A. May were ordered to eliminate a battery of Mexican guns. Prior to the charge, May issued a simple order; "Remember your Regiment and follow your officers." This became the 2nd Dragoon Regiment's motto. The attack destroyed the enemy battery and captured a Mexican general.

On 29 June 1846, COL David Twiggs was given command of the regiment from COL William S. Harney, and he was lauded for his bravery at the Battle of Monterrey. COL Twiggs commanded the 2nd Dragoons for the rest of the war, and by the end, the regiment was one of two regiments in the Army that had elements participate in every major battle.

Heroism was not limited to the officers of the 2nd Dragoons; in November 1847, SGT Jack Miller's small patrol of 20 Dragoons was ambushed by near Monclova by 100 Mexicans. Reaching for their carbines, SGT Miller urged them to charge with only their sabers. In the ensuing battle, 6 Mexicans were killed, 13 were wounded, and 70 were captured at the cost of 1 wounded Dragoon and 3 wounded horses.

Frontier duty
After the Mexican–American War, the 2nd Dragoons headed west to protect the settlers on the new frontier that had just been gained by the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. In June 1849, F Company, under MAJ Ripley Arnold, established Fort Worth along the Trinity River. These years were spent patrolling the frontier in order to protect American settlers heading west from hostile Indians. In 1854, the Companies E and K of the regiment defeated a sizable Sioux force in the Battle of Ash Hollow in Nebraska, forcing the Sioux to sign a peace treaty.

In late 1857, in response to growing hostilities between federal authorities and Mormon settlers in Utah, a battalion of the 2nd Dragoons was sent to quell any Mormon resistance to federal power. These Dragoons, under LTC Philip St. George Cooke, joined a 2,500-man expedition and began the march to Utah, and in response, Brigham Young, the Mormon leader, mobilized the Nauvoo Legion to combat this force. Peace talks succeeded before much blood was shed, but the 2nd Dragoons still had to complete a long and arduous winter march across the frontier. The Utah War ended in July 1858. On 14 June 1858, William S. Harney was promoted to Brigadier General, and LTC St. George Cooke was made the 3rd Colonel of the 2nd Dragoons.

On 1 October 1858, other elements of the 2nd Dragoons that hadn't gone to Utah were engaging in operations against the Comanche in Texas. In the summer of 1858, a group of Dragoons pursued a number of Comanche who had captured a white child, but soon were ambushed by 25 braves. The firefight escalated and the Dragoons and Texas Rangers fought off a band of roughly 500 Comanches, and killed 70 after five hours of fighting. The captured child was rescued in the end, and the engagement became known as the Battle of the Wichita Village.

Civil War
At the onset of the Civil War in 1861, the regiment was recalled to the Eastern theater and redesignated on 3 August 1861 as the Second Cavalry Regiment. Thomas J. Wood was named the fourth Colonel of the regiment, but was promoted out of the job shortly after. Throughout the war, the 2nd Cavalry would be commanded by many company-grade officers such as Captains Wesley Merritt and Theophilus Francis Rodenbough. C Company was the last unit of the regiment to fight as dragoons, during the Battle of Wilson's Creek.

For much of the war, the regiment was a key part of either the "Reserve Brigade" or the "Regular Brigade" of the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac and served in numerous campaigns and battles. They fought in numerous battles, including the Siege of Yorktown, the Second Battle of Bull Run, the Battle of Antietam, the Battle of Fredericksburg, the Battle of Chancellorsville, the Battle of Gettysburg, the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, and the Battle of Cold Harbor.

During the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862, SGT Martin Hagan of the 2nd Cavalry and a small group of troopers held a Confederate cavalry brigade at bay, covering the Union retreat across the river. This action was completed without the loss of a man or a horse, and SGT Hagan was awarded the regiment's first Medal of Honor. The 2nd Cavalry was also present during the Stoneman Raid just prior to the Battle of Chancellorsville. This raid is regarded as the "resurgence of the Union Cavalry."

During the Battle of Kelly's Ford, the 2nd Cavalry became the first Union cavalry regiment to engage Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry in a head-to-head charge. This action hurt Stuart's reputation in the eyes of Southern leadership, just three weeks before the Battle of Gettysburg. Leading up to the Battle of Gettysburg, the 2nd Cavalry fought a continuous recon and counter-recon with Stuart's cavalry until the two armies met at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Here, the regiment dismounted and skirmished the Confederates in a delaying action until the main Union force could reach the battlefield.

During the Battle of Trevilian Station in June 1864, the 2nd Cavalry Regiment charged the Confederate Cavalry and smashed their lines. CPT T.F. Rodenbough led the charge and was wounded, and earned the Medal of Honor for his heroism in this brief but savage charge. Returning to duty in September 1864, he led the regiment in another charge during the Third Battle of Winchester. He was wounded again and lost his mount and right arm. First Sergeant Conrad Schmidt of K Company bravely rode back under fire to rescue his regimental commander. Schmidt was given the Medal of Honor for his swift and courageous action.

On 9 October 1864, the 2nd Cavalry, as part of the reserve brigade of the 1st Cavalry Division, the regiment attacked the flanks of the Confederate line, forcing them to retreat. During this action, PVT Edward Hanson of H Company earned the Medal of Honor for braving enemy fire to capture the flag of the 32nd Virginia Cavalry. The 2nd Cavalry Regiment earned 14 battle streamers and 5 Medals of Honor during their Civil War service. Like the other early mounted units, many members of the Second Cavalry went on to higher ranks and command positions on both sides during the war. A former lieutenant of the regiment, Colonel Orton Williams, C.S.A who had been commissioned into the regiment on the recommendation of Robert E. Lee, was hanged as a spy by the federal authorities in 1863.

Indian wars
When the Civil War ended, the 2nd Cavalry Regiment was sent west to fight against hostile Indian tribes and protect American settlers. With US troops focused on fighting Confederate forces in the east, the Indians of the frontier grew bolder. The vastness of the American frontier meant that the regiment was seldom together, and was spread out, often with only one troop occupying a post.

In December 1866, 25 troopers of the 2nd Cavalry under LT George W. Grummond accompanied CPT William J. Fetterman in his expedition against Chief Red Cloud. In northern Wyoming, these 81 men were engaged by a force of roughly 1,000 Indians, where they were all massacred in a desperate battle. On 29 June 1867, a small party of 10 troopers and 1 Indian scout under LT Lyman Kidder were ordered to take dispatches from General William Sherman to LTC George A. Custer.

Custer grew impatient and moved out ahead of schedule, and when LT Kidder's party arrived, they found the camp to be deserted. Making their way to Fort Wallace, the troopers were set upon by a band of Lakota and Cheyenne warriors near present-day Goodland, Kansas. The 12 cavalrymen and scout were surrounded and killed to a man, and their bodies were scalped and mutilated. However, they managed to kill an enemy chief, Yellow Horse, in the fight (known as the Kidder massacre).

On 23 January 1870, elements of Companies F, G, H, and L participated in the Marias Massacre in the Montana Territory, where 200 Piegan Blackfeet Indians were killed. After this massacre, Federal Indian policy changed under President Grant, and more peaceful solutions were sought. On 15 May 1870, SGT Patrick James Leonard was leading a party of 4 other troopers from C Company along the Little Blue River in Nebraska attempting to locate stray horses. A band of 50 Indians surrounded this detachment and the men raced for cover and made a fortified position with their two dead horses.

One trooper, PVT Thomas Hubbard, was wounded, but they managed to hold the Indians at bay and inflicted several casualties. When the hostile band retreated after an hour of fighting, the troopers left, took a settler family under their charge and returned safely. All 5 men were awarded the Medal of Honor (SGT Patrick J. Leonard, and PVTs Heth Canfield, Michael Himmelsback, Thomas Hubbard, and George W. Thompson). Today, junior NCOs in the 2nd Cavalry Regiment compete for the Sergeant Patrick James Leonard award.

On 17 March 1876, troopers from Companies E, I, and K (156 men) joined the 3rd US Cavalry Regiment under COL Joseph J. Reynolds to combat the Cheyenne and Lakota in the ill-fated Big Horn Expedition. During the Battle of Powder River, the cavalrymen attacked, but were repulsed, and the 2nd Cavalry lost 1 man killed and 5 wounded. 66 men also suffered from frostbite. The 2nd Cavalry was once again repulsed by the Cheyenne and Lakota at the Battle of the Rosebud on 17 June 1876, and only a few days later, Custer's 7th Cavalry were defeated at the Battle of Little Bighorn.

By April 1877, most of the US cavalry was in the west, fighting against bands of hostile Indians. The Cheyenne surrendered in December, Sitting Bull escaped to Canada, and Crazy Horse, the victorious chief in the Battles of the Rosebud and Little Bighorn, surrendered in April 1878. Chief Lame Deer was one of the last Lakota war-chiefs left resisting the US Government. The "Montana Battalion" of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment eventually caught up with his band near the Little Muddy Creek, Montana on 6 May 1878. After a midnight march, the troopers surprised Lame Deer's warriors at dawn on 7 May.

H Company charged the village and scattered the enemy horses, while the remaining troopers charged and routed the band of Lakota. During the intense battle, PVT William Leonard of L Company became isolated, and defended his position behind a large rock for two hours before he was rescued by his comrades. He, and PVT Samuel D. Phillips of H Company both earned the Medal of Honor for their gallantry in this battle. While searching the ruined village, the troopers found many uniforms, guidons, and weapons from the 7th Cavalry Regiment, and they left knowing that they had avenged those fallen at Little Bighorn.

On 20 August 1877, elements of the 2nd Cavalry which had been pursuing Chief Joseph's band of Nez Perce Indians through Idaho reported that their quarry had turned on them, stole their pack train, and began attempting to escape to Canada. Despite being low on supplies, L Troop and two additional Troops of the 1st Cavalry were dispatched to retrieve the pack train. After a hard ride, the Indians were overtaken and a fierce battle ensued.

CPL Harry Garland, wounded and unable to stand, continued to direct his men in the battle until the Indians withdrew. For his actions, he would receive the Medal of Honor along with three other men from L Troop; 1SG Henry Wilkens, PVT Clark, and Farrier William H. Jones. Today, the annual award for the most outstanding trooper in the 2nd Cavalry is called the Farrier Jones Award. On 18 September, a force of 600 men under General Oliver Otis Howard and Colonel Nelson A. Miles, including Troops F, G, and H of the 2nd Cavalry, marched to stop Chief Joseph's band from reaching Canada. L Troop was sent back to Fort Ellis to gather supplies but would join the expedition later.

On 30 September 1877, the Battle of Bear Paw Mountain began. The three Troops of 2nd Cavalry were dispatched to drive away the Indians' ponies by attacking their rear. G Troop, under LT Edward John McClernand, caught up with Chief White Bird as he and his band tried to escape to Canada. The ensuing engagement was brief, but violent, and resulted in the capture of the Indians and their mounts. Lt McClernand was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry. After a four-day siege, Chief Joseph surrendered his band to General Howard on 4 October 1877.

In the fall of 1878, the 2nd Cavalry was posted in two forts in Montana; Fort Custer and Fort Keogh with the mission of preventing Chief Sitting Bull from returning to US territory after escaping to Canada. In early winter, Chiefs Dull Knife and Little Wolf left their reservations in Oklahoma and began moving northwards. Dull Knife was intercepted and surrendered at Fort Robinson, Nebraska, but Little Wolf sought shelter in the Sand Hills of Wyoming. Elements of E and I Troop under LT William P. Clark (who had earned a special rapport with the Indians) were sent to negotiate with these stalwarts.

The band was located near Box Elder Creek, Montana on 25 March 1879, and was persuaded to accompany the troopers back to Fort Keogh. During the march back, on 5 April, several Indians escaped and attacked the soldiers. SGT T.B. Glover took 10 men of B Troop and charged the numerically superior enemy, forcing them to surrender. SGT Glover received the Medal of Honor for this action. Chief Little Wolf eventually surrendered his band when the party returned to Fort Keogh.

In the winter of 1886, the 2nd Cavalry Regiment was charged with preventing Indians from crossing the border from Canada and protecting settlers in Montana and Wyoming. In early March 1887, a large band of Sioux entered Montana from Canada without warning, and C Troop from Camp Stambaugh, Wyoming and E Troop from Fort Sanders, Wyoming were sent to pursue them. After a 150-mile chase, the combatants met at O'Fallon's Creek, Montana. In the fierce battle that followed, the cavalrymen killed many braves and captured 46 of their horses.

CPT Eli L. Huggins and 2LT Lloyd M. Brett both earned the Medal of Honor during this battle for their intrepid leadership and courage. This action forced the Sioux to flee back to Canada. CPT Huggins became the 12th Colonel of the 2nd Cavalry, and today, the annual Regimental award for the most outstanding junior officer is named in honor of CPT Eli L. Huggins.

During the Indian Wars, the 2nd Cavalry Regiment earned 13 battle streamers to add to their flag, and 15 troopers received the Medal of Honor for their gallantry.

Spanish–American War
When the Spanish–American War began, the 2nd Cavalry Regiment was stationed in Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico and assembled together in Georgia, the first time the entire regiment had been together since the Civil War. The troopers and horses of Troops A, C, D, and F boarded transports in Mobile, Alabama and set sail for Cuba, while the rest of the regiment traveled overland to Tampa, Florida. Due to a lack of transports, they served as logistical troops, and helped load units like Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders onto their ships. These four troops quickly found that they were the only horse-mounted cavalry units in Cuba, and soon began working for General William Rufus Shafter. Joining Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders, the 2nd Cavalry fought at the Battle of El Caney, the Battle of San Juan Hill, the Battle of the Aguadores, and the Siege of Santiago. During the armistice period, the women and children of Santiago were sent out of the city and into American lines to a camp in El Caney. D Troop was in charge of feeding and policing these 22,000 refugees. B Troop was committed to the Puerto Rican Campaign in July and August 1898, but illness forced them to return to the US. In January 1899, the entire regiment began pacification duty in Cuba where they remained for three years, facilitating public education and improving the island's sanitation.

The Philippines and the Mexican Border
The 2nd Cavalry Regiment was sent to the Philippines during the Philippine Insurrection soon after their tenure in Cuba. From 23 January – 18 July 1905, they participated in the Cavite Campaign, working to root out insurgents and secure the surrounding countryside. On 14 February 1910, the troopers of the 2nd Cavalry fought in the Battle of Tiradores Hill on Mindanao island. Their next clashes were during the Moro Rebellion on Jolo island. They fought in the Battle of Mount Bagoak on 3 December 1911, and the Battle of Mount Vrut from 10 to 12 January 1912. The regiment continued patrolling and security operations until they arrived home in June 1912.

When they returned to the US in 1912, the 2nd Cavalry was sent to the border of Mexico to enforce border laws and prevent raids by banditos. The regiment's sector extended from El Paso, Texas all the way to Presidio, Texas, a stretch of 262 miles. The troopers were busily engaged in the duties of border surveillance and border security. In December 1913, the 2nd Cavalry was moved out of their post at Fort Bliss and sent to Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont to conduct maneuvers with several Army National Guard units. In 1914, troopers of the 2nd Cavalry were selected to represent the US Army in the annual horse show in Madison Square Garden in New York City.

World War I
The USA entered World War I on the side of the Allies on 6 April 1917. The 2nd Cavalry Regiment, while at Fort Ethan Allen, was split into thirds; one third remained as the 2nd Cavalry, and the other two became the 18th Cavalry Regiment and the 19th Cavalry Regiment. These "skeletons" of cadre were then recruited to full strength. Later in the year, the 18th Cavalry was redesignated as the 76th Field Artillery Regiment, and the 19th Cavalry was redesignated as the 77th Field Artillery Regiment. The 76th Field Artillery served with the 3rd Infantry Division during the war and their unit heraldry still bears the insignia of the 2nd Dragoons. The 77th Field Artillery served with distinction with the 4th Infantry Division.

General Pershing, the commander of the American Expeditionary Force, arrived in France on 26 June 1917, and 31 troopers from the 2nd Cavalry Headquarters Troop served as his escort. These were the first American troops to land on European soil in the First World War. April 1918 saw the rest of the 2nd Cavalry arrive in France. The regiment was sent to the Toul sector and was initially used to manage horse remount depots and as a military police unit. Troops B, D, F, and H were formed into a provisional squadron and were the last element of the regiment to engage the enemy as horse-mounted cavalry. The 2nd Cavalry fought in the Aisne-Marne Offensive from 18 July – 6 August 1918, and assisted the 1st Infantry Division and the 2nd Infantry Division penetrate the German flanks at Soissons. Detachments of the 2nd Cavalry also fought in the Oise-Aisne Offensive from 8 August – 11 September 1918. The troopers of the 2nd Cavalry also served with distinction in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel; Troops A, B, C, D, F, G, and H fought valiantly under the command of LTC D.P.M. Hazzard from 12 to 16 September.

At this point in the war, 6 American divisions massed on an 18-mile front separate from any European command. The 1st Infantry Division began their attack on Mount Sec and reached the Germans reserve lines. From here, the 2nd Cavalry passed through the forest and scouted the open country around Heudicourt, Creue, and Vigneulles. Elements of the regiment advanced to Saint Maurice, Woël, and Jonville to pursue the retreating enemy.

The 2nd Cavalry's next engagement, the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, would be the largest battle the AEF would fight in World War I. From 26 September – 11 November 1918, the regiment was attached to the 35th Infantry Division and served as the left flank of the advance. Later they served as the main effort of the advance between the Meuse River and the Argonne Forest. From 26 September-2 October, spearheading the assault on the left flank, the 2nd Cavalry fought in a six-day running battle starting in Vauquois and winding through the woods nearby. The men from the Regiment were commended for "...accomplishing their tasks with fearlessness, courage, and disregard for danger and hardship." By the end of the war, 2nd Cavalry troopers had earned three more campaign streamers for the regimental standard for their gallant service.

The 2nd Cavalry remained in Koblenz, Germany as part of the Army of Occupation until August 1919.

World War II
In the years prior to American entry into the Second World War, the 2nd Cavalry was garrisoned at Fort Riley, Kansas from 1919 to 1939. They performed their peacetime duties as a school training regiment for the Cavalry School. Here at Fort Riley, the regiment was equipped with its first armored cars in 1936, the year they celebrated their centennial, marking 100 years of proud national service. In 1938, the 1st Armored Regiment and the 13th Armored Regiment joined the 2nd Cavalry for maneuvers at Fort Riley, to practice and develop combined arms tactics. These maneuvers combined infantry, cavalry, armored, artillery, and aviation units.

Nazi Germany's Invasion of Poland in 1939 forced American strategists to focus on building up the Army's armored capabilities, and the Attack on Pearl Harbor thrust the US into the war. On 15 July 1942, the 2nd Cavalry Regiment was inactivated, and all the troops and equipment were transferred to the newly formed 2nd Armored Regiment, 9th Armored Division. The regiment was reactivated on 15 January 1943 at Fort Riley as the 2nd Mechanized Cavalry Group, or the 2nd MCG (Between 1943 and 1946 cavalry were organized into Groups, but this term is interchangeable with Regiment in this context ). Charles H. Reed became the 31st Colonel of the Regiment. It was reorganized as the Headquarters and Headquarters Troop (HHT), 2nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, Mechanized (present day 1st Squadron), and 42nd Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron, Mechanized (present day 2nd Squadron). In July 1944, the 2nd MCG landed in Normandy as part of General Patton's Third Army. Their early assignments during the Battle of Normandy included rear area security, attempting to disrupt the activities of German infiltrators. They were then attached to General Troy Middleton's VIII Corps during Operation Cobra, and served as a flank security and reconnaissance element for the 4th Armored Division. The cavalry scouts performed such daring reconnaissance missions that their German foes gave them the nickname, "Ghosts of Patton's Army." In August, the 2nd MCG conducted recon of the city of Nantes and aggressively used its light armor and firepower to probe the edges of the Wehrmacht's defense.

As the Third Army began to advance east, the 2nd MCG protected the vulnerable rear and supply lines over a large frontage of 45 miles between Nantes and Angers, as well as the area west of Nantes. In small patrols, the cavalrymen screened the main drive east and disrupted German movement in the Rennes-Nantes Corridor for ten days until 23 August 1944. Now assigned to XII Corps, the 2nd MCG began moving east toward Lorraine. On 26 August, the 42nd Squadron attacked a German regimental-sized unit near Carisey, protecting the southern flank of the 4th Armored Division as it drove on Troyes. On 30 August, the Dragoons led the XII Corps assault across the Marne River, with the 2nd Squadron in front of the 80th Infantry Division and the 42nd Squadron in front of the 4th Armored Division. By 2 September, the drive reached the Moselle River near Toul and the 2nd Squadron began scouting for possible crossing points. Despite a failed crossing attempt by 80th Division troops against stiff resistance, the 2nd MCG was active in scouting and screening during this period. On 4 September, B and F Troops of the 42nd Squadron defeated a column of 1,000 German soldiers attempting to attack the XII Corps flank by massing direct fire from their light tanks, and indirect fire from artillery units.

On 7 September, the 602nd Tank Destroyer Battalion, equipped with M18 Hellcats, was attached to the 2nd MCG. This allowed the 42nd Squadron to assault and capture Fort de Pont-Saint-Vincent and defeat an enemy counterattack. The 2nd MCG then began to protect the southern flank of the 4th Armored Division as it fought to envelop Nancy on 11 September 1944. They were often engaged in heavy contact against German units while protecting the flanks of the 4th Armored Division's assault. On 16 September, the Dragoons launched a squadron-sized attack on Lunéville. The Germans put up a vigorous defense but could not hold against the 2nd MCG, and retreated. However, on 18 September, elements of the 111th Panzer Brigade counterattacked with "six Panther tanks and two companies of infantry." The Panzers' armor was too thick and the cavalrymen were forced to retreat. This was the beginning of the Battle of Arracourt. Conducting a delaying action, the two squadrons worked in tandem and managed to keep the enemy at bay until 1100, when reinforcements of the 4th Armored Division arrived and beat back the Germans. This battle provides a perfect example of how Mechanized Cavalry Groups were designed to function in World War II. Had it not been for the screening and delaying efforts of the 2nd MCG, the main effort of the Wehrmacht attack would have fallen on the flank of the 4th Armored Division.

In late October, the 2nd MCG was assigned to protect the flanks of the 26th Infantry Division by seizing Moncourt Ridge. Despite fierce German resistance, the 42nd Squadron dismounted and attacked along a two-mile front and seized their objectives. The attack was conducted entirely dismounted with cavalrymen acting as infantry, much like dragoons, and showed that MCG's could be flexible. The cavalry group continued to screen and protect the flanks of the 26th Division until 22 November, when the 2nd MCG was split up. The 2nd Squadron remained in the south to cover the gap and maintain contact between XII Corps and XV Corps of the Seventh Army. The 42nd Squadron was sent north to assist the 80th Infantry Division and maintain contact with XX Corps.

On 14 December 1944, the 2nd MCG joined the 35th Infantry Division as it was assaulting the Siegfried Line. They were relieved on 22 December by the 44th Infantry Division and moved north to assist in the relief of Bastogne. Holding the flank against the Germans, the 2nd MCG freed up troops needed for the assault on the southern shoulder of the Bastogne salient. This period was marked by active patrolling and small unit actions to harass the Germans and divert their attention from their main objectives. In early January 1945, C Troop of the 2nd Squadron seized the town of Machtum, killing nine Germans and capturing fourteen, while only losing three wounded.

On 7 February 1945, the 2nd MCG screened the advance of the XII Corps across the Sauer River, and conducted their own assault across the Moselle on 19 February in order to support the advance of the 10th Armored Division. The 2nd Squadron dismounted and led the attack; they seized the town of Wincheringen, and captured 30–40 Germans at the loss of 5 killed and 22 wounded. Conducting limited patrols along the Moselle, the 2nd MCG was assigned to the 76th Infantry Division and was sent to clear the compromised southern flank of the division. After completing this mission, the 42nd Squadron attacked the town of Zemmer on 7 March, and killed 10 Germans, and captured 61. On 2 April, the cavalrymen, conducting scouting and screening missions, located and liberated 3,328 US and 3,205 Allied POWs, including a Soviet general near Bad Orb. The rapid nature of the US advance made rear security of paramount importance, and the 2nd MCG conducted this mission along with other cavalry units. On 10 April, the 42nd Squadron attacked 300 SS troops and 3 tanks near Gleicherwiesen, destroying the enemy's freedom of movement and protecting the advance of XII Corps.

One of the most remarkable missions the 2nd MCG performed was at the end of the war. On 28 April, A Troop, 42nd Squadron seized the town of Hostouň in Czechoslovakia in order to liberate Allied POWs. They discovered 300 POWs, as well as 670 horses, including the famous Lipizzaner stallions. General Patton, a cavalryman himself, ordered their rescue when he learned that the Lipizzaners would fall under Soviet control. On 12 May, four days after VE Day, "Operation Cowboy" was launched to rescue the fine horses, and all were successfully herded or ridden back to American lines. This was dramatized by Walt Disney in the 1963 movie, Miracle of the White Stallions.

Cold War
The Cold War began in 1945 with the ending of World War II, and the 2nd Cavalry was charged with conducting border surveillance along the Iron Curtain. In 1951, the regiment was headquartered in Nuremberg and operated out of the cities of Freising and Augsburg. In 1955, the cavalry returned to the US and were relieved by the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment. They returned to West Germany in 1958, and would remain there for the next 33 years; they operated out of Nuremberg, Feucht, Bindlach, Amberg, and Bamberg. Throughout this period, the 2nd Cavalry was responsible for reconnoitering and providing border security along 731 kilometers of the Iron Curtain; 375 km along with West German-East German border, and 365 km along the West German-Czechoslovak border. In 1978, M Troop, of 3rd Squadron, was selected to represent the US in the 1979 Canadian Army Trophy (CAT), finishing 4th – the first time the US entrant had not placed last. In 1989, the Iron Curtain was lifted, and the regiment halted their border security missions on 1 March 1990.

Persian Gulf War
When the Persian Gulf War began in 1990, the regiment was ordered to move to Saudi Arabia and prepare for combat operations. By mid-December, the 2nd ACR had established itself in the VII Corps sector of the Saudi desert and began training to fight. The 210th Field Artillery Brigade, AH-64 Apache helicopters from 2-1 Aviation Battalion, and the 82nd Engineer Battalion joined the regiment to form "Dragoon Battle Group", a force of 8,500 soldiers.

On 23 February 1991, the 2nd Cavalry attacked across the Saudi–Iraq border after preparatory fires, and engaged in their first combat operation in 45 years. Spearheading the VII Corps advance, the regiment attacked into southern Iraq and fought a series of sharp battles with four divisions of the Iraqi Army. The 2nd and 3rd Squadrons of the regiment destroyed two brigades of the Iraqi Republican Guards Tawakalna Division in the Battle of 73 Easting. The 2nd Squadron, 2nd ACR alone contributed 55 Iraqi tanks destroyed, 45 other armored vehicles, an equal number of trucks, hundreds of Iraqi infantry KIA, and 865 Iraqi soldiers taken prisoner. The unit earned the Valorous Unit Award for its service in Operation Desert Storm. By the end of its covering force mission in Iraq, the 2nd ACR had broken the Republican Guard's defensive line, provided intelligence to the VII Corps commander, and moved over 250 kilometers. It also captured 2,000 prisoners, destroyed 159 enemy tanks, and 260 other vehicles. The regiment's losses include 6 Dragoons killed, and 19 wounded.

Haiti
Returning from the Gulf, the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment was inactivated at Nuremberg, Germany. The regiment was reactivated as the 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment (Light) in 1993 by renaming the previous 199th Infantry Brigade (Motorized), the former 3rd Brigade, 9th Infantry Division, at Fort Lewis, Washington. The regiment's ground squadrons became light cavalry units equipped with Humvees mounted with TOW launchers, Mk 19 grenade launchers, .50 caliber machine guns and M249 light machine guns (SAWs). The 2nd ACR (Light) was then sent to Fort Polk in Louisiana in 1993. From there, the regiment deployed in support of the peace enforcement operation in Haiti from 1995 to 1996; Operation Uphold Democracy. The 3rd Squadron ("Wolfpack") was the first ground unit to deploy and operated under the 25th Infantry Division in Port au Prince, Haiti. After six months in Haiti, 1st Squadron arrived to replace 3rd Squadron. In October 1995, 2nd Squadron replaced 3rd Squadron and redeployed in March 1996 completing the cycle. In Haiti the Dragoons served in a number of different roles. They guarded humanitarian relief convoys, and served as the United Nations Quick Reaction Force (UNQRF). They also seized illegal weapons, conducted security patrols, and protected the Haitian president, and the US President (Bill Clinton) and Vice President (Al Gore) when they visited the island.

Bosnia service
In April 1997, the regiment received orders to be prepared to deploy to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Following the first mission rehearsal exercise held at the JRTC in June, the unit moved to Germany to begin integration with the 1st Armored Division. Meanwhile, all its equipment was shipped to the intermediate staging base at Taszar, Hungary.

The regiment's participation in Operation Joint Guard began when the 2nd and 3rd Squadrons moved across the Sava River into Bosnia in August 1997 to augment the 1st Infantry Division (Forward) in support of Bosnia-Herzegovina's municipal elections. The regiment's air cavalry, the 4th Squadron and the Regimental Support Squadron also moved into the country. The regiment's separate units – the 502nd Military Intelligence Company; the 84th Engineer Company; Company H (Aviation Maintenance), 159th Aviation Regiment; and the Air Defense Battery – completed the regimental troop list.

While the ground squadrons were in Bosnia, the regimental headquarters deployed to Germany to train with the 1st Armored Division Headquarters in preparation for assuming command in Bosnia. During August and September, the regiment was spread across five countries on two continents, and was under the direct command and control of three different general officer commands. This period included another first for any Army unit during a 12-month period: the regiment participated in major training exercises at all three of the Army's combat training centers: The National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, and the Joint Multinational Readiness Center (JMRC) at Hohenfels, Germany. In October the remainder of the regiment rode into theater, assuming responsibility for the American sector of Multinational Division (North), which stretched from the war-torn bridge at Brčko in the north to the shattered city of Srebrenica in the south.

The first major action of the regiment in Bosnia was the seizing of Serbian radio-television towers to control communications into the Republika Srpska. Other significant operations that the regiment conducted include: the restructuring of the Republika Srpska Specialist Police; the creation of the first multi-ethnic police department, in the city of Brčko; security for the announcement of the Brcko Arbitration Decision (an effort to resolve the status of this Serb-dominated city within Bosnia); institution of common license plates and currency in Bosnia, and the opening of the Bosnian rail system. In conducting operations in this sector, the regiment executed an estimated 12,500 patrols and 480 weapon storage site inspections, supervised the removal of over 12,000 mines, and oversaw 350 training exercises for the former warring factions. The regiment served one of the longest tours of military units there.

Global War on Terrorism
After returning from Bosnia, the unit remained at Fort Polk, Louisiana. On 13 April 2002, B Troop, 1-2 Cavalry deployed to Southwest Asia in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and the Global War of Terrorism. They provided port and site security in Kuwait, Qatar, Jordan, and Djibouti, and were relieved by L Troop, 3-2 Cavalry, in October, who continued these duties.

Iraq War
On 25 March 2003, 2nd Squadron was deployed again to the Gulf for Operation Iraqi Freedom. The squadron began combat operations by 1 April 2003. The rest of the regiment arrived in May and operated in eastern Baghdad. The troopers worked to improve the peoples' lives, and provided security to infrastructure sites such as power stations, telephone stations, fuel stations, schools, and hospitals. The 2nd Armored Cavalry also took direct action in hundreds of raids to disrupt the activities of the Fedayeen Saddam militia. The regiment also trained several companies of the Iraqi Civil Defense Corps (ICDC) to assist their operations. On 19 August 2003, a VBIED detonated near a UN compound and a spinal cord clinic causing consternation and much damage. Elements of the 2nd Cavalry rushed to secure the area, and saved the lives of 125 UN workers.

On 4 April 2004, the 2nd Armored Cavalry and the 1st BCT-1st Cavalry Division engaged in fierce urban fighting during the Siege of Sadr City. The Dragoons and thousands of Muqtada al-Sadr's militiamen, the Mahdi Army, clashed in a violent battle that cost 8 US and 300 enemy deaths. This initial battle marked the beginning of several more uprisings throughout Iraq, and the 2nd Cavalry was soon sent south to battle insurgents in Hillah, Al Kut, An Najaf, Kufa, and Al Diwaniyah. This action forced them to stay in Iraq for a further three months. The battles of Al Kut, Kufa, and Al Diwaniyah were short, but intense. The regiment was forced to retake each town from hostile forces and seize government buildings. In An Najaf, hundreds of Mahdi Militiamen fought a protracted urban campaign that lasted a few weeks. In late June 2004, the 2nd Cavalry was relieved by elements of the 1st Infantry Division and returned to Fort Polk on 15 July 2004. In Iraq, the Dragoons suffered 21 killed and over 100 wounded. They had inflicted 1,000 deaths on their enemy and captured hundreds more. A total of 16 months was spent in combat, and the regiment earned another Presidential Unit Citation. On its return from combat operations, the 2nd ACR found itself heading back to Fort Lewis in Washington in December 2004. The regiment was re-designated the 2nd Cavalry Regiment and reorganized as a Stryker brigade combat team in April 2005.

On 1 June 2006 at Fort Lewis, Washington, the 2nd Cavalry Regiment and the 1st Brigade, 25th Infantry Division conducted a joint re-flagging and Casing of the Colors ceremony. The 2nd CR was reflagged as the 4th Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division (Stryker). The 1st Brigade, 25th Infantry Division cased its brigade colors and was reflagged as the 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment. The Army re-stationed 2nd SCR to Rose Barracks, Vilseck, Germany, near the regiment's Cold War home of Nuremberg, as of 15 September 2006. With a foundation of infantry-based tactics and the mobility of the Stryker vehicle, the Stryker unit has become more of a hybrid, filling the gap between pure, light infantry and the mechanized, heavy infantry.

On 12 August 2007, the Dragoons arrived in Kuwait and prepared for another combat deployment in Iraq. On 13 September, the regiment replaced the 3rd Stryker Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division at Camp Liberty, Baghdad as part of President George W. Bush's surge campaign. 1st Squadron (War Eagles), with Troops A, B, and C, was sent to NE Baghdad to work in Sadr City, Hayy Ur, Thawra, Jamilla, and Adhamiyah. They conducted numerous cordon-and-search, checkpoint, and raid missions until the Jaysh al-Mahdi uprising in March 2008. Joining with Iraqi Army and Iraqi Police, 1st Squadron fought these insurgents until a ceasefire was brokered on 11 March. The squadron assisted building a security wall in Sadr City and conducted many civic action projects until it was sent to Mosul in August 2008 to assist the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment quell the violence in that city.

2nd Squadron (Cougars), with Troops D, E, and F, was sent to East Rashid in south central Baghdad. E Troop was quickly lauded for its aggressive operations against Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI) extremists, which resulted in 10 wounded Dragoons and 13 enemy killed in action. Working alongside the 3rd Squadron (Wolfpack), with Troops G, H, I, and N, they cleared the neighborhoods of Dora and Hadar in Operation Dragoon Talon. The combined effort of 2nd Squadron and 3rd Squadron cleared out East Rashid or AQI insurgents, and allowed local nationals to return to their homes.

While 2nd Squadron was in East Rashid until May 2008, 3rd Squadron was acting as the Corps reserve and sent to Diyala Governorate to conduct clearing operations with the 4th Stryker Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division. G, H, and I Troops were sent to the "breadbasket of Iraq" in the Hamrin Mountains during Operation Raider Harvest to clear out AQI strongholds. From December 2007-October 2008, the region was made safer and infrastructure was improved by the squadron as they defeated numerous AQI cells and conducted humanitarian operations.

4th Squadron (Sabre), with Troops O, P, Q, and elements of I moved to FOB Prosperity in the Al Karkh district of the Green Zone. Here, the troopers secured the heart of Baghdad and turned it into one of the most secure areas of the city; they successfully partnered with units of the Iraqi Army and police to accomplish this mission.

Fires Squadron (Hell), with A, B, and C Batteries along with support from K Troop, was based out of Camp Taji to secure the region of Agar Quf northeast of Baghdad. C Battery acted as the reserve force of the 1st Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division and conducted air assault mission to kill or capture high value targets. The remainder of the squadron continued to secure the Agar Quf region and conducted both combat and humanitarian operations. In January 2008, Fires Squadron was returned to Regimental control, and 1st Battalion-21st Infantry Regiment (Gimlets) was attached to the 2nd Cavalry.

In April 2008, the 2nd Cavalry Regiment moved to Diyala Governorate to replace the 4th Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division and joined with elements of the 3rd Cavalry Regiment to combat extremist Sunni and Shia militias. The Dragoons also conducted humanitarian operations and partnered with their Iraqi allies to make this possible. In Operation Glad Tidings of Benevolence 50,000 Iraqi soldiers and police officers assisted the regiment in aiding the community, as well as clearing out villages, roads, and farms controlled by terrorist forces.

At the completion of this 15-month tour in Iraq, it was at its most consolidated by June 2008 with all units in Diyala but 1st Squadron, which was in Sadr City. On 25 November 2008, the 2nd Cavalry Regiment (Stryker) was officially welcomed back to Vilseck, Germany on 7 October 2008. In Iraq from 2007 to 2008, the 2nd Stryker Cavalry Regiment lost 29 soldiers killed, 250 injured, and 70 vehicles were damaged. They managed to kill over 100 confirmed enemies and capture 1,100 more. 100,000 IEDs, weapons, and other enemy materiel items were either captured or destroyed.

War in Afghanistan
On 15 March 2010, the Department of Defense announced that the 2nd Cavalry Regiment would deploy to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and the International Security Assistance Force in July 2010. In July 2010, 1st Squadron assumed responsibility of Tarin Kowt, Afghanistan in Uruzgan Province as well as the Shah Wali Kot District serving alongside Australia's 2nd Cavalry Regiment. The remainder of the regiment was located in the volatile Kandahar Province with regimental headquarters located at FOB Lagman. 3d Squadron was sent to the Maiwand district in support of Combined Task Force Strike. During their attachment to CTF Strike, 3d Squadron took part in battle harden operations such as Operation Dragon Strike in which 3d Squadron, along with the other units in the CTF, earned the Presidential Unit Citation along with several personal medals for valor for the intense fighting and stabilization brought back to the region which took place during the operation.

In the summer of 2013, the 2nd Cavalry Regiment deployed to Afghanistan for a second time in southern Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and the International Security Assistance Force. The Regiment redeployed to Rose Barracks in April 2014. The Regiment was awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation for their efforts in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan.

Organization 2023
The 2nd Cavalry Regiment is as of May 2023 organized as a Stryker brigade combat team and consists of the following units: There is a Regimental Headquarters and Headquarters Troop,Four Cavalry Squadrons,a Regimental Engineer Squadron,a Field Artillery Squadron and a Regimental Support Squadron

 * US 2nd Cavalry Regiment SSI.jpg 2nd Cavalry Regiment
 * Regimental Headquarters and Headquarters Troop "Vipers"
 * 1st Squadron 2nd Cavalry Regiment "War Eagles" (Stryker Squadron)
 * Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 1st Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment "Mustangs"
 * Apache Troop (Stryker Infantry Troop)
 * Bull Troop (Stryker Infantry Troop)
 * Comanche Troop (Stryker Infantry Troop)
 * Dakota Troop (Forward Support Troop)
 * 2nd Squadron 2nd Cavalry Regiment "Cougars" (Stryker squadron)
 * Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 2nd Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment "Headhunters"
 * Eagle Troop (Stryker Infantry Troop)
 * Fox Troop (Stryker Infantry Troop)
 * Ghost Troop (Stryker Infantry Troop)
 * Havoc Troop (Forward Support Troop)
 * 3rd Squadron 2nd Cavalry Regiment "Wolfpack" (Stryker Squadron)
 * Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 3rd Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment "Hammer"
 * Iron Troop (Stryker Infantry Troop)
 * Killer Troop (Stryker Infantry Troop)
 * Lightning Troop (Stryker Infantry Troop)
 * Fury Troop (Forward Support Troop)
 * 4th Squadron 2nd Cavalry Regiment "Saber" (Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and Target Acquisition Squadron)
 * Headquarters and Headquarters Troop, 4th Squadron, 2nd Cavalry Regiment "Warhorse"
 * Nemesis Troop (Stryker Cavalry Scout Troop)
 * Outlaw Troop (Stryker Cavalry Scout Troop)
 * Palehorse Troop (Stryker Cavalry Scout Troop)
 * Quickstrike Troop (Anti-armor Troop, equipped with Stryker M1134 Anti-Tank Guided Missile Vehicles)
 * War Wagon Troop (Forward Support Troop)
 * Regimental Engineer Squadron 2nd Cavalry Regiment "Pioneers"
 * Headquarters and Headquarters Troop 2nd Cavalry Regiment Regimental Engineer Squadron "Lakota"
 * Argonaut Troop (Engineer Troop)
 * Beast Troop (Engineer Troop)
 * Chaos Troop (Signal Troop)
 * Delta Troop (Military Intelligence Troop)
 * Elite Troop (Forward Support Troop)
 * Field Artillery Squadron 2nd Cavalry Regiment "Artillery Hell"
 * Headquarters and Headquarters Battery 2nd Cavalry Regiment Field Artillery Squadron "Hellraisers"
 * Archer Battery (6-gun M777A2 155 mm howitzer battery)
 * Bulldog Battery (6-gun M777A2 155 mm howitzer battery)
 * Cobra Battery (6-gun M777A2 155 mm howitzer battery)
 * Phoenix Troop (Forward Support Troop)
 * Regimental Support Squadron 2nd Cavalry Regiment "Muleskinners"
 * Headquarters and Headquarters Troop 2nd Cavalry Regiment Regimental Support Squadron "Hellraisers"
 * Supply and Transportation Troop "Pack Horse"
 * Maintenance Troop "Blacksmiths"
 * Medical Troop "Scalpel Medics"

Medal of Honor recipients

 * Sgt Conrad Schmidt. US Civil War, on 19 September 1864 at the Third Battle of Winchester; awarded 16 March 1896.
 * Private Heth Canfield. Indian Wars. On 15 May 1870, while serving with Company C at Little Blue, Nebraska, for displaying gallantry in action.
 * Private Michael Himmelsback. Indian Wars. On 15 May 1870, while serving with Company C at Little Blue, Nebraska, for displaying gallantry in action.
 * Private Patrick James Leonard. Indian Wars. On 15 May 1870, while serving with Company C at Little Blue, Nebraska, for displaying gallantry in action.
 * Private Thomas Hubbard. Indian Wars. On 15 May 1870, while serving with Company C at Little Blue, Nebraska, for displaying gallantry in action.
 * Private George W. Thompson. Indian Wars. On 15 May 1870. while serving with Company C at Little Blue, Nebraska, for gallantry in action.
 * Private Wilfred Clark. Indian Wars. On 9 August 1877 at Big Hole, Montana, and on 20 August 1877 at Camas Meadows, Idaho, while serving with Company L, for displaying conspicuous gallantry, especial skill as sharpshooter.
 * Private William Leonard. Indian Wars. On 7 May 1877, while serving with Company L, for bravery in action.
 * First Sergeant Henry Wilkens. Indian Wars. On 7 May 1877, at Little Muddy Creek, Montana, and 20 August 1877 at Camas Meadows, Idaho, for gallantry in action.
 * Private Samuel D. Phillips. Indian Wars. On 7 May 1877, while serving with Company H at Little Muddy Creek, Montana, for gallantry in action.
 * Corporal Harry Garland. Indian Wars. On 7 May 1877 at Little Muddy Creek, Montana, and on 29 August 1877 at Camas Meadows, Idaho, while serving with Company L, for gallantry in action with hostile Sioux, at Little Muddy Creek, Mont.; having been wounded in the hip so as to be unable to stand, at Camas Meadows, Idaho, he still continued to direct the men under his charge until the enemy withdrew.
 * William H. Jones. Indian Wars. While serving with Company L, on 7 May 1877 at Little Muddy Creek, Montana for gallantry in the attack against hostile Sioux Indians, and on 20 August 1877 at Camas Meadows for the engagement with Nez Perces Indians in which he sustained a painful knee wound.
 * Second Lieutenant Edward J. McClernand. Indian Wars. On 20 September 1877, for gallantly attacking a band of hostiles and conducting the combat with excellent skill and boldness.
 * Sergeant T.B. Glover. Indian Wars. On 10 April 1879 at Mizpah Creek, Montana, and at Pumpkin Creek, Montana on 10 February 1880, while serving with Troop B, he was in charge of small scouting parties, fought, charged, surrounded, and captured war parties of Sioux Indians.
 * Captain Eli L. Huggins. Indian Wars. On 1 April 1880, at O'Fallons Creek, Montana, for surprising the Indians in their strong position and fighting them until dark with great boldness.
 * Second Lieutenant Lloyd M. Brett. Indian Wars. On 1 April 1880, at O'Fallons Creek, Montana, his fearless exposure and dashing bravery in cutting off the Indians' pony herd, thereby greatly crippling the hostiles.

Notable members

 * Creighton W. Abrams
 * Henry Tureman Allen
 * Ripley A. Arnold
 * Joseph Barnes
 * John Buford
 * George Armstrong Custer
 * Harry Chamberlin
 * John Davidson
 * Martin Dempsey
 * Tommy Franks
 * William Gainey
 * William Hardee
 * Douglas Lute
 * Charles A. May
 * H. R. McMaster
 * Wesley Merritt
 * Mike Pompeo
 * Michael Powell
 * Peter Schoomaker
 * Michael Robert Brown aka B4G Nemesis

Regimental commanders

 * David E. Twiggs
 * William S. Harney
 * Philip St. George Cooke
 * Thomas J. Wood
 * Innis N. Palmer
 * John Davidson (general)
 * John Porter Hatch
 * Dorsey R. Rodney
 * Lawrence Edward Schlanser
 * Nelson B. Sweitzer
 * David R. Clendenin
 * George G. Hunt
 * Henry E. Noyes
 * Eli L. Huggins
 * Winfield Scott Edgerly
 * Fredrick K. Ward
 * Colonel Leonard D. "Don" Holder - 65th Colonel of the Regiment
 * Frank West (Medal of Honor)
 * Thomas J. Lewis
 * William Jones Nicholson
 * Joseph T. Dickman
 * Arthur Thayer
 * John S. Winn
 * Charles A. Romeyn
 * John T. Cole
 * John H. Tilelli Jr. General Vice Chief of Staff
 * Colonel James J. Steele
 * Colonel Thomas M. Molino (67th Colonel; Fort Lewis/Fort Polk)

Alliances

 * – 2nd Cavalry Regiment (Bond of friendship)
 * – German Logistikbataillon 4 (Bond of friendship)

title: 2nd Cavalry Regiment (United States)


text:
Krayot

The Krayot or Qerayot (הקריות, "townships") (plural of Kirya) are a cluster of four small cities and two neighbourhoods of Haifa founded in the 1930s  on the outskirts of the city of Haifa, Israel, in the Haifa Bay area.

The Krayot include Kiryat Yam (pop. 36,700), Kiryat Motzkin (pop. 39,800), Kiryat Bialik (pop. 36,200), Kiryat Ata (pop. 33,800), Kiryat Haim (pop. 26,960), and Kiryat Shmuel (pop. 5,500, as of 2007.).

A plan was formulated in 2003, and again in 2016 by Interior Minister Aryeh Deri, to merge the Krayot into one municipality. A proposed name for this city is Zvulun (after the biblical Zebulun, and the Zvulun Valley).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Krayot


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jagamon

A one-liner: ''Jagamon Is A Plant Type Digimon, His Name Comes From The Word Jagaimo, A Type Of Potato. His Attack Is Smash Potato And Body Blow.''. Apart from wishing I knew what these people smoke, would this substubette not be better off as a one-line entry on List_of_Digimon? I'm all for listing each and every form of digitised attack vegetable if it's something people care about, but there are about 500 of the beasts. Ianb 06:30, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Delete: The Pokeplague is bad enough.  The B-league of these things simply is out.  "Mashed potato power!"  Geogre 13:25, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Add to List_of_Digimon then Delete! Kevin Rector 15:05, Jul 23, 2004 (UTC)
 * The number of red links on that page scares me. -- Cyrius|✎ 19:02, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Comment: Maybe send all such articles to hell, I'm told (-> that they are a big Digimon customer... Seriously, I wonder whether it would be better to redirect this somewhere, maybe an article on minor characters, or maybe merge this sort of content into List_of_Digimon. No vote as yet. I did add the vfd notice. Andrewa 20:03, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * thanks, I forgot. Comment: the 543 entries on that page (I had my computer count them for me) scare me too. This kind of information really belongs in a matrix (Name / Type / Etymology / ... ) with only the really notable ones getting their own article. ( "In 2004 Gherkinmon, a pickle-type Digimon, became the first thingymon to win an Olympic Gold medal in the Vegetable Martial Arts category, flattening his opponent with a Gherkin Belch Attack. Although Gherkinmon was subsequently eaten in an unfortunate party incident, the Athens City Government will rename the Parthenon in his honor. etc. etc."). Ianb 22:11, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete trivia - and yes, I do think most of the pokemon articles should go elsewhere as well. -- Cyrius|✎ 19:02, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: subtrivial. Unlink all 543 items in list of Digimon to forestall more foolishness. Wile E. Heresiarch 02:04, 25 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. It's this kind of incredible silliness that will keep Wikipedia from being taken seriously by serious people. If there were the remotest reason to keep it, it might be different, but I really can't think of one. Thank god the pog fad died before Wikipedia came on scene, or we'd have fifteen thousand articles about each different kind of pog, play variations, techniques, and megabytes of what would be now utterly useless and irrelevant information. Just like digimon will be in ten years. Denni ☯ 01:58, 2004 Jul 27 (UTC)
 * No pun intended, but isn't it time we cut this off at the roots somehow? 543 articles on fictional characters from a kiddie anime and card game is a tad alarming.  Can all this be merged, or would anyone even want to try?  Delete, but not before Ianb teaches all of us the "Gherkin Belch Attack!" - Lucky 6.9 17:51, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately I am not at liberty to reveal team strategy. However, it can be effectively simulated with the aid of Garbage Plate. Ianb 23:39, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * comment: I will volunteer to make a non-red-linked table out of the List_of_Digimon page using magical skript p0w3rz. Ianb 23:39, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Jagamon


text:
Urara Takano

Hisako Takayama (高山 ひさ子), known by her stage name Urara Takano (高乃 麗), is a Japanese actress, voice actress and narrator from Togane, Chiba. She is currently affiliated with and representative of REMAX. Her most prominent role has been in the Sakura Wars video game franchise, where she voices Maria Tachibana. Other major roles include Ryo Takaba in Bakusō Kyōdai Let's & Go!!, Marller in Ah My Goddess, Tiger in Saber Marionette J, Musashi Kazama in Grander Musashi, Kai Hiwatari in Beyblade, and Veffidas Feaze in Macross 7. She is the mother of actress and voice actress Anna Kirie (桐江 杏奈).

Anime

 * Animal Yokocho (Shimako Shima)
 * Anime Himitsu no Hanazono (Jim)
 * Bakusou Kyoudai Let's & Go!! (Ryou Takaba)
 * Bakuten Shoot Beyblade (Kai Hiwatari)
 * The Brave Fighter of Legend Da-Garn (Yancha)
 * Captain Tsubasa Road to 2002 (Ryo Ishizaki)
 * Crash B-Daman (Kodoh Kuraki)
 * Darker than Black (Alma)
 * Diamond Daydreams (Shoko Saibara)
 * Grander Musashi (Musashi Kazama)
 * HeartCatch PreCure! (Sasorina)
 * Hetalia: Axis Powers (Belarus)
 * Hunter × Hunter (1999) (Illumi Zoldyck, Ging Freecss (child))
 * Jang Geum's Dream (Yoon Yeong Ro)
 * Zatch Bell! (Zeno)
 * Macross 7 (Veffidas Feaze, Akiko Hojo)
 * Mahoujin Guru Guru (Gipple)
 * Moomin (Flora)
 * Nekketsu Saikyo Gozaurer (Kenichi Minezaki)
 * Oh My Goddess! (Marller)
 * Paradise Kiss (Risa)
 * Pokémon (Raichu)
 * Romeo's Blue Skies (Antonio)
 * Saber Marionette (Tiger)
 * Sakura Wars (Maria Tachibana)
 * Simoun (Wauf)
 * Sword Gai: The Animation (Yasuko Tanaka)
 * The Brave Fighter of Legend Da-Garn (Yanchar)
 * Turn A Gundam (Cancer Kafuka)
 * Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters (Insector Haga)
 * YuYu Hakusho (Kaisei Sato)
 * Fate/Extra Last Encore (Rider/Francis Drake)

OVA

 * Bubblegum Crisis (Kate Madigan)
 * Final Fantasy: Legend of the Crystals (Rouge's subordinate)
 * Iczer Reborn as Insect
 * Mega Man: Upon a Star (Proto Man)
 * One Piece: Defeat Him! The Pirate Ganzack! (Monkey D. Luffy)
 * Saber Marionette R (Edge)

Video games

 * Cyberbots: Full Metal Madness (Mary Miyabi)
 * Gunparade March (Kaori Tashiro)
 * James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing (Serena St. Germaine)
 * Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance (Esmerelda)
 * Sakura Wars series (Maria Tachibana)
 * Super Robot Wars (Rejiane)
 * Sonic Shuffle (Void)
 * Valkyrie Profile (Jayle, Iseria Queen, Belinas's wife)
 * Fate/EXTRA (Rider/Francis Drake)
 * Fate/Grand Order (Francis Drake, Billy the Kid)

Live-action

 * Carla Gugino
 * Spy Kids, Ingrid Cortez
 * Spy Kids 2: The Island of Lost Dreams, Ingrid Cortez
 * Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over, Ingrid Cortez
 * Night at the Museum, Rebecca Hutman
 * Watchmen, Silk Spectre
 * Mr. Popper's Penguins, Amanda Popper
 * Helena Bonham Carter
 * Fight Club, Marla Singer
 * Harry Potter film series, Bellatrix Lestrange
 * Dark Shadows, Dr. Julia Hoffman
 * Ocean's 8, Rose Weil
 * Enola Holmes, Eudoria Holmes
 * Birds of Prey, Renee Montoya (Rosie Perez)
 * The Brave One, Erica Bain (Jodie Foster)
 * Bringing Down the House, Charlene Morton (Queen Latifah)
 * Chicago, Matron "Mama" Morton (Queen Latifah)
 * Chicago Med, Maggie Lockwood (Marlyne Barrett)
 * Cold Mountain (Ruby (Renée Zellweger))
 * Conviction, Abra Rice (Minnie Driver)
 * The Dilemma, Susan Warner (Queen Latifah)
 * DOA: Dead or Alive, Tina Armstrong (Jaime Pressly)
 * Ed Wood, Dolores Fuller (Sarah Jessica Parker)
 * ER, Sandy Lopez (Lisa Vidal)
 * Friends, Kristen Lang (Gabrielle Union)
 * Fun Size, Joy DeSantis (Chelsea Handler)
 * Girls of the Sun, Mathilde (Emmanuelle Bercot)
 * Grey's Anatomy, Dr. Bailey (Chandra Wilson)
 * The Haunting, Eleanor "Nell" Vance (Lili Taylor)
 * High Crimes, Jackie Grimaldi (Amanda Peet)
 * Hollywoodland, Leonore Lemmon (Robin Tunney)
 * Idiocracy, Rita (Maya Rudolph)
 * IF, Ally (Maya Rudolph)
 * Just Wright, Leslie Wright (Queen Latifah)
 * The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Mina Harker (Peta Wilson)
 * Lethal Weapon, Trish Murtaugh (Keesha Sharp)
 * The Little Mermaid, Scuttle (Awkwafina)
 * Marmaduke, Mazie (Emma Stone)
 * Miami Vice, Trudy Joplin (Naomie Harris)
 * Monster Hunt, Ying (Sandra Ng)
 * Mrs. America, Shirley Chisholm (Uzo Aduba)
 * Pirates of the Caribbean film series (Tia Dalma (Naomie Harris))
 * Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping, Mariah Carey
 * The Rebound, Laura (Lynn Whitfield)
 * Star Trek: Picard, Rafaella "Raffi" Musiker (Michelle Hurd)
 * Talk to Her, Lydia González (Rosario Flores)
 * Venom, Maria (Melora Walters)
 * Where the Wild Things Are, Connie (Catherine Keener)
 * Wolfe, DCI Betsy Chambers (Christine Tremarco)

Animation

 * Chuggington, Decka
 * A Goofy Movie, P.J.
 * Home, Lucy Tucci
 * Luca, Daniela Paguro
 * Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted, Dubois
 * Raya and the Last Dragon, Sisu

title: Urara Takano


text:
AEA Explorer

Design and development
The explorer is a single-engined strut-braced high-wing monoplane with a retractable tricycle landing gear that retracts into under-fuselage sponsons. The prototype, designated Explorer 350R first flew in 1998 and was soon exhibited on promotional tours of Australia and the United States.

The Explorer is being offered in two versions – the turboprop-powered version, the 500T (which first flew in 2000), and a stretched version of the 500T, designated 750T.

Explorer Aircraft was established in Jasper, Texas to market the aircraft for the US market.

title: AEA Explorer


text:
John Fraser

John Fraser may refer to:

Politics

 * John Simon Frederick Fraser (1765–1803), commanded the Fraser Fencibles in Ireland and was (M.P.) for Inverness-shire
 * John James Fraser (1829–1896), 5th Premier of the Canadian province of New Brunswick, 1878–1882
 * John A. Fraser (politician) (1840–1908), political figure in Nova Scotia
 * John G. Fraser (1840–1927), Orange Free State politician
 * John Fraser (Ontario MP) (1849–1928), Canadian Member of Parliament for Lambton East, Ontario
 * John Fraser (British Columbia politician) (1866–1960), Canadian Member of Parliament from British Columbia, 1925–1935
 * Sir Malcolm Fraser, 1st Baronet (John Malcolm Fraser, 1878–1949), British newspaper editor and political agent
 * John Malcolm Fraser (1930–2015), 22nd Prime Minister of Australia, 1975–1983
 * John Allen Fraser (1931–2024), Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons, 1986–1993
 * John Fraser (British politician) (1934–2017), British Member of Parliament for Norwood
 * John Fraser (Ontario MPP) (born 1958), Canadian politician elected to the Ontario legislature for Ottawa South in 2013

Sports

 * John Fraser (footballer, born 1876) (1876–1952), Scottish footballer, Southampton player and Dundee manager
 * John Fraser (Canadian soccer) (1881–1959), Canadian soccer player and member of the 1904 Olympic Games Canadian Team
 * John Fraser (tennis) (born 1935), Australian tennis player of the 1950s and 60s
 * John Fraser (footballer, born 1936), Scottish footballer for Hibernian
 * John Fraser (footballer, born 1938) (1938–2011), Northern Ireland footballer for Sunderland and Watford
 * John Fraser (footballer, born 1953), English footballer for Fulham
 * John Fraser (footballer, born 1978), Scottish footballer whose clubs include Ross County, Clyde and Forfar Athletic

Academia

 * John Fraser (botanist) (1750–1811), Scottish botanist
 * John Fraser (academic) (c. 1823–1878), president of Pennsylvania State University, 1866–1868
 * John Fraser (Celticist) (1882–1945), Jesus Professor of Celtic at the University of Oxford
 * John Fraser (journalist) (born 1944), Canadian journalist and master of Massey College, University of Toronto

Others

 * John Fraser (died 1306), Scottish independence fighter, brother of Simon Fraser
 * John Fraser (bishop) (died 1507), Bishop of Ross, Scotland
 * John Fraser (frontiersman) (1721–1773), colonial Pennsylvanian fur trader and soldier
 * John Fraser (British Army officer, born 1760) (1760–1843)
 * John Fraser (poet) (c. 1809–1849), Irish poet
 * John Fraser (architect) (1825–1906), American architect
 * John Fraser (ethnologist) (1834–1904), Australian ethnologist
 * John Arthur Fraser (1838–1898), British artist, photography entrepreneur and teacher
 * John Fraser (businessman) (1843–1907), Scottish businessman who partnered with David Chalmers Neave to co-found Fraser and Neave
 * John Fraser (physician) (1844–1925), Scottish physician
 * Sir John Foster Fraser (1868–1936), British Parliamentary correspondent and travel writer
 * John Fraser (auditor), Auditor General of Canada, 1905–1919
 * John Fraser (surgeon) (1885–1947), principal of the University of Edinburgh, 1944–1948
 * John R. Fraser (1890–1959), Canadian physician
 * John Fraser (minister) (1894–1985), Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, 1958–1959
 * John Fraser (British Army officer, born 1896) (1896–1943), British recipient of the George Cross
 * John Fraser (critic) (1928–2023), English/Canadian author, literary theorist, and cultural analyst
 * John Fraser (film producer) (1930–2010), Australian film producer and cinema executive
 * John Fraser (actor) (1931–2020), Scottish actor
 * John MacLeod Fraser (1935–2010), former Canadian ambassador to China
 * John Fraser (novelist, poet) (born 1939), English professor, novelist, and poet
 * John A. Fraser (businessman) (born 1951), Australian businessman
 * John Fraser, musician in the James Wright Group

Other uses

 * John B. Fraser, a steamship lost on Lake Nipissing, Ontario

title: John Fraser


text: Category:Australian civil utility aircraft


text:
Talk:Battle of Méribel

Can you give more information because as it is now should be simply removed. It does need a little background so that people who are not French history experts will have a clue what is happening. Wikiacc 00:42, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Dis donc! especially since Google.com lists zéro hits for "battle of Meribel" This is a ski community. September is a slow month in Méribel, hein? --Wetman 00:58, 7 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Remove article?
Reasons why we should consider removing this article. (1) The newly-updated Battle of Epierre (15 Sept 1793) article covers the battle and the 14 August to 8 October 1793 campaign in the Tarentaise and Maurienne valleys. The campaign has been thoroughly covered in the Battle of Epierre article. (2) Meribel is in a dead-end valley south of the Tarentaise, so it's not clear why it would be fought over. (3) The Duke of Montferrat's Piedmontese forces were farther west on 13 September - between Albertville and Moûtiers. (4) No sources are cited or referenced. Djmaschek (talk) 13:08, 10 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Battle of Méribel


text:
Moses Sherman

Moses Hazeltine Sherman (December 3, 1853 – September 9, 1932) was an American land developer who built the Phoenix Street Railway in Phoenix, Arizona and streetcar systems that would become the core of the Los Angeles Railway and part of the Pacific Electric Railway in Los Angeles, California, and owned and developed property in areas such as the westside of Los Angeles, the San Fernando Valley and Hollywood, California. He also served on the Los Angeles Water Board. He was also known as M. H. Sherman and General M. H. Sherman.

Early life
Moses Sherman was born in West Rupert, Vermont, on December 3, 1853. He obtained a teaching certificate at the Oswego Normal School (now SUNY Oswego) in Oswego, New York. He began as a teacher in Salem, New York and Wisconsin. He was then appointed principal of the Hamilton, New York Grade School for the 1873-74 term. Because of ill health, in 1874 he departed for the west and the Arizona Territory.

Arizona – Early Accomplishments
In 1873 territorial governor Anson P.K. Safford offered Sherman a teaching post at the public school in Prescott. Here, Sherman initiated the first graded school in Arizona, teaching there from 1874 to 1876. In 1876, a new two-story school opened with Sherman as principal.

He was selected to represent Arizona at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, and returned to Arizona with his sister Lucy, who was also a teacher, and who met and married Eli P. Clark, then serving at the Arizona territorial auditor. Clark would become one of Sherman's closest business associates.

John C. Frémont, then governor of the Arizona Territory, appointed Sherman State Superintendent of Public Instruction in 1879, where, as superintendent, he created the territorial school laws. In 1882, after Congress had appropriated land to support public education, Sherman selected the lands which helped to provide for the future University of Arizona.

He earned the title "General" after his 1883 appointment as Adjutant-General of the Territory of Arizona, in which position he served two terms. He would use the honorific "General" for the rest of his life.

During these years, he was also involved in business affairs. Over time, he invested in property in Prescott and built a hotel, The Sherman House. He also acquired shares in mines, grazing lands and cattle and, as Prescott and Arizona grew rapidly, he made a good deal of money from his enterprises.

Arizona - Phoenix
By the early 1880s he had refocused his efforts in the agricultural Salt River Valley area and Phoenix. He invested in and was involved with the building of the Arizona Canal, which, started in early 1883, would become the main irrigation canal for the valley.

In 1884, he co-founded and became president of the Valley Bank of Phoenix. He was a major stockholder and vice president of the Phoenix Water Company. He bought large quantities of real estate around Phoenix and became the largest taxpayer in Phoenix and one of the largest in the territory.

In 1887, he constructed a street railway, and, after merging it with several other lines, electrified the lines in 1893 and created the Phoenix Railway Company of Arizona, which he controlled until 1925, when the lines were sold to the city. In 1910 he built a line from Phoenix to Glendale to connect with the Santa Fe Railroad. He was involved with moving the territorial capitol to Phoenix, and with his business associate, attorney M.E. Collins, he donated 10 acres of property for the new territorial capitol building in 1889.

Developing Electric Rail Transportation in Los Angeles

Prior to Sherman's arrival in Los Angeles, the Santa Fe Railroad had built a line to Los Angeles in 1886, which caused a rate war with the Southern Pacific. While a short-lived real estate boom followed, the excitement created by the boom drew attention (and new residents) to the area. During his time in Arizona, Sherman had made many trips to Los Angeles and had become convinced that it had a great future.

Shortly after moving to Los Angeles in 1890, Sherman became a founding stockholder and director of the Los Angeles-based National Bank of California. He and brother-in-law Clark immediately became involved in the local transportation business.

The Los Angeles Consolidated Electric Railway - Prior to Sherman’s arrival in Los Angeles, various individual entrepreneurs had built several horse car lines, cable car lines and an initial electric line. Sherman, seeing promise in the new Sprague trolley technology, gained control of several street railway franchises, and immediately began to create a system based on this technology.

Sherman and Clark incorporated the Los Angeles Consolidated Electric Railway Company (LACE) in November, 1890. Clark was made Vice President and General Manager. They intended to acquire and construct a large number of electric railway lines connecting important parts of Los Angeles. They built lines west of the city on Pico Boulevard, to Westlake Park, and to Rosedale Cemetery; south on Central and Maple Avenues and to the University of Southern California and University Park; north and east to Highland Park and East Los Angeles (now Lincoln Park), to the Evergreen Cemetery, and to the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe depots.

In the beginning, LACE competed with an existing cable railway, the Pacific Railway. When the cable company became bankrupt in 1892 because it was not profitable, LACE purchased it. By 1893 LACE operated 35 miles of electric lines, 14 miles of horse-drawn lines, and 21 miles of cable lines.

In 1895, after the company missed bond payments, Sherman lost control of the Los Angeles Consolidated Electric, though he continued as a director and held a large stock interest in the company. The new company, now controlled by the bondholders, was renamed the Los Angeles Railway, and was sold to Henry Huntington and his associates in September, 1898, ultimately becoming the "Yellow Car" system.

The First Interurban Lines - While LACE was growing, Sherman and Clark began the first steps of what would become an interurban network. In April, 1894, after acquiring horsecar lines in Pasadena, they incorporated the Pasadena and Los Angeles Electric Railway Company, Southern California’s first interurban electric railway, which in May, 1895 connected their newly electrified lines in Pasadena to the LACE system serving Los Angeles.

In November, 1894, they incorporated another new interurban company, the Pasadena and Pacific Electric Railway Company, designed to connect Los Angeles to Santa Monica. After acquiring five existing railroads, they reconstructed an older steam line to reach from downtown Los Angeles to Santa Monica via Colegrove.

In 1896, at the junction of his Pasadena and Pacific streetcar line and what would become San Vicente Boulevard, just west of Hollywood, Sherman acquired 5.6 acres of land and built storage yards and car barns, naming the area Sherman. A town grew up around the facility which would evolve to become the city of West Hollywood.

The Los Angeles Pacific Railroad - After losing control of LACE, the pair focused their attention on expanding their lines between Los Angeles and the beaches. After losing control of the Los Angeles & Pacific in 1897, in June, 1898 they reorganized their remaining lines into a new company, The Los Angeles-Pacific Railroad. Later, the Los Angeles and Pacific Railway was acquired by Henry Huntington and Isaias W. Hellman’s group of investors and become part of the Pacific Electric system.

Controversy arose over some of Sherman's methods. The San Francisco Call ran a series of vitriolic articles during November and December 1898, which claimed Sherman’s efforts to secure financing for his electric railways led to the failure of two San Francisco banks. Sherman was soon vindicated, as the failures were actually the result of poor bank investments during the boom of the late 1880s, and of possible losses associated with the bonds of Los Angeles’ cable railway system.

Sherman and Clark now built lines covering the west side of the Los Angeles basin, and down the coast, from Los Angeles to Hollywood, Sawtelle, Westgate, Santa Monica, Ocean Park and Venice, and to Playa del Rey, Manhattan Beach, Hermosa Beach and Redondo Beach.

In some cases rights of way were donated and in other cases bonuses were paid by property owners so the lines would pass through their property. For example, Hobart J. Whitley and other investors paid $15,000 to add a line through Hollywood. Santa Monica property owners Senator John P. Jones and Robert Symington Baker provided 225 acres of land near what would become Sawtelle. Sherman and Clark sold this property to Jones and R.C. Gillis to raise funds for the new railway.

At its peak the Los Angeles Pacific had 180 miles of track in the western portions of Los Angeles County, from Los Angeles to the beaches along Santa Monica bay, then running down the coast to Redondo Beach.

In March, 1906, Sherman and Clark sold a controlling interest in the railway to E. H. Harriman, of the Southern Pacific for a reported $6 million. A new Los Angeles Pacific Railroad Company was incorporated on April 4, 1907, with ambitious plans to standard gauge the system, add new lines, create a subway from downtown to Vineyard and more.

In 1910, Sherman and Clark sold the remaining interest in their Los Angeles Pacific Railroad to the Southern Pacific, which, in September, 1911, combined their lines with Huntington’s original Pacific Electric Railway and several other companies into a new Pacific Electric Railway. Sherman remained on the board of the Pacific Electric Railway.

Early Real Estate Development Activities in Los Angeles
Sherman was adept as using the electric railway to promote real estate investments. Through the creation of the Los Angeles Pacific lines, Sherman and Clark were key to the development of communities between Los Angeles and the coast, and of the area of the coast from Santa Monica to Redondo Beach. Their LAP Railroad featured the famous Balloon Route, an excursion that left Los Angeles and took a balloon-shaped rail trip involving stops at popular locations between Los Angeles and the ocean and then back to Los Angeles. The Balloon Route was popular with tourists and was instrumental in introducing potential homebuyers to the area. Sherman's work with the LAP was intimately tied to land acquisition, both as part of the construction of the rail lines, and as a means to promote the various real estate investments in which Sherman and Clark were involved.

In 1900, along with developers Baker and Burbank, they purchased 1,500 acres in Hermosa Beach. Their Hermosa Beach Land and Water Company provided water; the developers built the first boardwalk and pier in 1901 and 1904. Initially served by the Santa Fe Railway, in mid-1904, the community would be served by LAP’s new Redondo Division car line. In addition, in 1903 Sherman and Clark purchased 200 acres north of Hermosa Beach and named it Shakespeare Beach, intending that it be a writer’s colony, but was unable to attract many writers. Several streets, such as Homer Street and Longfellow Avenue, remain from this original subdivision.

Sherman became associated with several prominent businessmen over the years in ever-larger projects. This list of men included Harrison Gray Otis, Harry Chandler, Otto F. Brant, Hobart J. Whitley, Robert C. Gillis and others. The first such project concerned the development of Hollywood.

In 1900, the LAP had built a line north of its Santa Monica Boulevard line in Colegrove which ran along Prospect Boulevard (now Hollywood Boulevard), assisted by a $25,000 bonus paid by Hobart J. Whitley, Col. Griffith J. Griffith, and P.J. Beveridge. In 1901 Whitley and Sherman created the Los Angeles-Pacific Boulevard Development Company, which organized a syndicate that bought and subdivided a 480-acre area in Hollywood, a development which Whitley called the Hollywood Ocean Vista Tract. The company built curbs and sidewalks, planted shrubbery, and donated land for a bank and for the future Hollywood Hotel.

In 1902, Sherman and a syndicate of fifteen men purchased 1,000 acres of land around the Ballona lagoon and Port Ballona under the name the Beach Land Company, renaming the area Playa del Rey. The syndicate included partners such as local landowners Robert C. Gillis, Frederick H. Rindge, and others. They built a $100,000 pavilion, the Hotel Del Rey, and a boathouse and grandstands around the lagoon. Sherman and Clark's Los Angeles, Redondo Beach and Hermosa Railway Company built a line to the area by, which was later merged into the LAP. The line opened December 1902, extending from downtown at 4th & Broadway to the new resort, and was soon added to the famous “Balloon Route” excursion. Many visitors bought lots and built homes along the beach front.

In 1905, Sherman and Clark extended a line in the center of San Vicente Boulevard, past Robert C. Gillis’ Westgate tract (now the Brentwood area, where Sherman had investments, then on to Santa Monica.

Later Real Estate Activities
In July, 1905, Sherman and Clark had purchased 640 acres in upper Beachwood Canyon, which at first they used as a rock quarry. With Los Angeles’ rapid growth in the early 1920s, especially in the film industry, they partnered with Harry Chandler and developer S.H. Woodruff in 1923, and developed and promoted the property, which they named Hollywoodland. A large, lighted sign was built that would call attention to their development. That sign, completed in July, 1923, was rebuilt after World War II. With the “land” part removed, it now reads “Hollywood”.

Chandler and Sherman were the primary investors, in a syndicate of 70, who in 1911 purchased the Tejon Ranch, a 270,000 acre ranch along the Kern County-Los Angeles County border, from Truxtun Beale.

And, while not one of the original purchasers, in 1906 Sherman invested in the Colorado River Land Company, a Mexican Corporation with 842,000 acres in the Mexican counterpart of the Imperial Valley. The investments in this ranch are credited with an economic boom in northern Baja California. Sherman also acquired much property in Culver City.

The Water Commissioner, the Aqueduct, and the San Fernando Valley
Sherman was appointed to the Board of Water Commissioners February 5, 1903 by mayor Meredith P. Snyder, where he worked on the Owens River project and became embroiled in controversy.

In the early 1900s, Los Angeles was looking for additional water sources to support its growing population. In late 1904, former mayor Fred Eaton, and water department engineer William Mulholland had travelled to the Inyo Valley, where Eaton showed Mulholland how water from the Owens River could be acquired and transported to Los Angeles. In 1904, the Board of Water Commissioners was notified of the purchases of water rights in the Owens Valley for the proposed aqueduct to Los Angeles.

In September 1903, before the aqueduct plan was conceived, a syndicate led by L.C. Brand had purchased an option on the 16,500-acre George K. Porter Ranch in the northeastern San Fernando Valley. The syndicate included Porter, railroad builders Henry E. Huntington and E. H. Harriman, newspaper publishers Harrison Gray Otis, Harry Chandler, and Edwin T. Earl, banker Joseph Francis Sartori and others. Brand, along with Huntington, purchased the ranch to run an electric line to it and then to subdivide it, as he had done in Glendale.

Shortly after Eaton’s report regarding the possible aqueduct was given to the water commissioners, the syndicate took up the option on Porter Ranch. William Randolph Hearst’s paper, the Examiner, alleged that Sherman, after hearing the news of the aqueduct through his position on the water board, informed his business friends, who then completed their purchase of the ranch. Several historians note that, while this is possible, there was never any concrete evidence that this was the case.

A second syndicate was formed in September, 1909, two years after construction of the aqueduct had begun in 1907. This group of men purchased the 47,500-acre (192 km2) parcel from the Los Angeles Farming and Milling Company, owned by Isaac Newton Van Nuys and son-in-law Issac Lankershim for $2,500,000, or just under $53 an acre. The 30-person syndicate was led by a five-member Board of Control which included Sherman and partners Hobart Johnstone Whitley, General Harrison Gray Otis, Otto F. Brant, and Harry Chandler, manager of the Los Angeles Times, The land, also known as Tract 1000, comprised nearly the entire southern half of the San Fernando Valley south of present-day Roscoe Blvd.

Sherman’s Los Angeles Pacific Railroad, now under Southern Pacific control, began surveying a route over the Cahuenga Pass to the Valley in 1909. By 1912, after the syndicate paid a $150,000 bonus to help with construction, the Pacific Electric Railway completed the new San Fernando Valley Line, a 20-mile-long (32 km) extension of the PE, which ran from Hollywood to the developments of the Los Angeles Suburban Homes Company. An additional line was extended to San Fernando in 1913.

Along with the streetcar line, the group built a "$500,000 boulevard" named Sherman Way, which was important to the success of the development. By 1912, 45-minute streetcar service from Van Nuys to downtown and the "no speed limit" paved road were key selling points.

They group laid out three communities: the townsite of Van Nuys in 1911, the mid-valley townsite of Marion (present-day Reseda) and the townsite of Owensmouth (present-day Canoga Park) in 1912. As part of his participation, Sherman retained 1,000 acres around the area of Ventura and Sepulveda Boulevards in what later became the neighborhood of Sherman Oaks, named for him.

Sherman was removed from the Water Board in January, 1910, by mayor George Alexander, ostensibly because a department related to the aqueduct leased space in a building he held stock in, violating a municipal ordinance.

Other Activities
He was a director in the Farmers & Merchants National Bank, the Yosemite Park and Curry Company and a number of other corporations.

In 1903, Sherman became one of the incorporators of Frederick H. Rindge’s Hueneme, Malibu and Port Los Angeles Railway, which Rindge built as a means of blocking the creation of a railroad or other throughway along the shore of his Malibu Ranch.

After the San Francisco earthquake, Sherman arranged a train of volunteers and medical supplies from Los Angeles to San Francisco. It was the first train to reach San Francisco after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.

After the end of World War I, he saw a need for steamship service and helped to form (and later became president of) the Los Angeles Steamship Company. The company’s ships Harvard and Yale sailed between Los Angeles and San Francisco, and the City of Los Angeles and City of Honolulu sailed to Hawaii. After the Matson line opened a competing line and the City of Honolulu was destroyed by fire, the company was sold to the Matson Company in 1930.

Personal life
He married Harriet Emily Pratt, daughter of Robert H. Pratt, a leading figure in the Central Pacific Railway of San Francisco. They married in 1885 and had two daughters, Hazeltine and Lucy; Sherman also adopted Harriet's son Robert Pierce from a previous marriage. Sherman and his wife separated and were divorced in 1908. He never remarried. For many years he lived and worked in the Westminster Hotel until the late 1920s, after which he moved into an apartment suite on Rampart Boulevard near 6th. He also had a house on Bay Island, Newport Beach, where he died September 9, 1932.

Sherman left an estate of several million dollars, leaving sizable sums to the University of Southern California, Pomona College, the California Institute of Technology and Grinnell College, Iowa.

Legacy
Sherman Foundation and Sherman Library & Gardens - Sherman's close personal assistant, Arnold D. Haskell, who started working for Sherman almost 20 years before Sherman’s death, established the Sherman Foundation in 1951. Headquartered in Corona del Mar, it is home to a garden and a research library. The Foundation has contributed to hospitals, youth groups, scientific research, the Los Angeles Music Center and more.

Sherman Way - The entire grand road built by the Suburban Homes Company was originally named "Sherman Way" in his recognition. The name remains on the westernmost original segment from Canoga Park and West Hills to Sherman Circle at Van Nuys Boulevard, and now also extends to Burbank. The easternmost original segment, with its electric railway right of way now a landscaped median/Orange Line route, survives as present-day Chandler Boulevard. The north/south original segment, as present-day Van Nuys Boulevard in Van Nuys, connects Chandler Boulevard to Sherman Circle. Hazeltine Avenue, which runs north/south from Sherman Oaks to Panorama City, was named after his daughter Hazeltine.

Sherman Oaks -

Hollywoodland and the Hollywood Sign -

Various communities on the westside - including West Hollywood, Playa del Rey, Hermosa Beach

title: Moses Sherman