text:
User talk:Ambi~enwiki/Archive3

User talk:Ambivalenthysteria/Archive1 User talk:Ambivalenthysteria/Archive2

Last archived July 28, 2004.

?
But you left your ad hominem attack aginst me right on the top of the new page... Rex071404 07:25, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Again you misstate the facts. I did not 'call" you a bigot, rather I asked you point blank if you are one and you still have not answered. So perhaps I should ask again. Are you?

Further, you did not ask for any apology and you certainly have the ability to speak up if offended. That 3d party was butting in where he should be nosing out - it was not his place to direct me to "apolgize" to yooooou, especially since you did not tell me you were seeking one. Also, based on the distinction between asking a question and making a statement, I still am not peruaded that any aplogy was due you, regardless. Additionally, comments of your nature should be hashed out on our individual pages, not BLASTED across the top of a heavily read discussion page. The placement and tone of you stament, alongg with it's mis-characterization of what my words wre, combine to make it aan ad hominem attack. You should delete that section entirely, it makes you look infantile and abusive of your role!Rex071404 07:41, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Greetings, Beck. I noticed your ongoing interest in the ODP article, and I respectfully take exception to your implied accusation that I would be the aggresive party in any revert war over that may come to pass over that article. It should be clear to you by now that I am willing to defer to the opinion of a disinterested third party when it comes to the content of any Wikipedia article.

No apology requested or required. All I ask is that you think for yourself and act according to your own conscience. // NetEsq 09:51, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Mediation Committee membership
Congratulations, Ambivalenthysteria! You're now a member of the Mediation Committee! Please add an email address where people can reach you to the list here.

Also, please read the following pages carefully if you haven't yet done so: Dispute resolution, Mediation, What Mediation is not (including the links at the bottom of that page), Incivility, and Requests for mediation.

And last, but not least, please register at the Wikimedia bulletin board here and familiarize yourself with the mediation section (sometimes it's a bit dodgy, but refreshing the pages usually does the trick there).

And thanks so much for agreeing to help with the work of the committee and of dispute resolution at Wikipedia.

Peace, BCorr | Брайен 16:01, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * P.S. -- re: Arbitration Committee Elections July 2004/Candidate statements -- I don't think that people will feel it's proper for you to be on the Mediation Committee and the Arbitration Committee. If you would rather run for the Arbitration Committee, I think that it would be best if you asked for an "annulment" of your position on the MC. Thanks, BCorr | Брайен 18:35, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * I think that your edit to you statement will address any concerns. Many thanks, BCorr | Брайен 23:44, 28 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Welcome to the committee Ambi. When you have registered at the bulletin board, could you please confirm here the id you have used. Many thanks -- sannse (talk) 16:56, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

203.220.17[01].*
This user needs to be temporarily banned. He has repeatedly reverted edits and refused to discuss the reasons for doing so. The IP addresses he has, or may have used, are:

 * 203.166.96.240 Talk
 * 203.220.171.162 Talk
 * 203.220.170.224 Talk
 * 203.220.170.28
 * 203.220.171.7
 * 203.220.170.153
 * 203.220.171.152
 * 203.220.171.156
 * 203.220.171.166
 * 203.220.171.187
 * 203.220.171.107

 * Why did you put those IPs on my talk page? If it's vandalism, it should go to Vandalism in progress. Ambivalenthysteria 13:10, 29 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * He's the one that's been changing Sydney and Australia. He also added the SAMPA pronunciation to Melbourne again.

John Kerry dispute
In one of our discussions about arbitration as a possible solution, you said, "We could ask for a temporary injunction, which is provided for under the arbitration policy, but to my knowledge, hasn't been acted upon yet." I just took a very quick cruise through Arbitration policy and I couldn't find authorization for such a step. I'm going to suggest it to the Committee, but if you can provide backup to embolden them in believing that they do indeed have the power, that would be great. JamesMLane 04:04, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Railway Stations
Do you think it's worth it to maintain a List of Brisbane railway stations if I go about creating a nav template for Brisbane on the model of the Melbourne and Sydney versions containing all the railway lines?

(Ps. I've been watching John Kerry with great interest. I think you're doing an excellent job).Lacrimosus 08:38, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Kerry not an Ax-Murderer
Kerry is however, I am persuaded, an obfuscating waffler who dissembles and changes his story over time to suit the current state of his career. I have followed his career close up for many years (I am in Massachusetts) and I am NOT a Republican. Rather, I am an Independant (in the parlance of MA, it's called "unenrolled", ie; no party affiliation - simply am registered to vote). The pro-Kerry people only THINK I am biased against him due to politics. I am not biased and not due to politics. Rather, it's Kerry's hideous waffling and dissembling over the years that concerns me and the few points in his BIO which I have focused on, if presnted factually, allow anyone who cares to look with an open mind the oppotunity to see that as well. It's regretable you don't see that... Rex071404 20:36, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Your mediation related comment on my talk page

 * Rex replies: Thank you for your comment. It sounds ominous. I hope you are not threatening me. I would not appreciate that.Rex071404 22:16, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Saving you the trouble...

 * I think we have moved past that and I ask that you look forward, not back. That said, what do you think of my Rex VVAW v.3 sample text? Please advise.Rex071404 23:13, 30 Jul 2004 (UTC)

To my opponent
I wish you the best of luck in this month's Arbitration Committee election. May the best Wikipedian win! Peace Profound! -- Merovingian ✍  Talk  10:30, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

! WikiLove must be shared. -- Merovingian ✍  Talk  10:43, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

Hope you're OK
Sorry to see your wikimeter stress rating at four, Ambi. Remember to look after yourself and maybe take time out if wikipedian disputes are getting too much.

Just to update you on the first public library article which you commented on, the information I provided got added to and then the VfD consensus was that it be merged into the public library article. Oska 01:52, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)

Arbcom questions
A quick - OK, actually, probably a long question regarding your candidacy for the arbcom. How do you think you would have ruled/would rule in the following cases?

 * Requests for arbitration/Irismeister 2
 * Requests for arbitration/Mr-Natural-Health
 * Requests for arbitration/Wik2
 * Requests for arbitration/Paul Vogel
 * Requests for arbitration/Mav v. 168
 * Requests for arbitration/JRR Trollkien
 * Requests for arbitration/Cantus
 * Requests for arbitration/ChrisO and Levzur

Thanks very much. Snowspinner 17:43, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)

Transnistria
When I added the sections, I also added two external links: They are mostly facts, so I don't think they are POV. Bogdan | Talk 08:50, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * - from the US department of state, a report regarding human rights in Moldova. Read the Transnistria section.
 * BBC, (also The Guardian, Moscow Times) report regarding the closing of Romanian-language schools in Transnistria.

Top sekrit sysop kabal
I just wanted to tell you that the "Top sekrit sysop kabal" is hilarious!--Neutrality 18:11, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Powir strugle in the top sekrit sysop kabal
The heading is in jest, but the request is serious. This is a general question to those endorsing Wikipedia:Requests for comment/Guanaco2. Is anyone prepared to actually certify the complaint along with RickK? If not, RfC policy would call for the page to be deleted soon. If I delete the listing for RickK (which seems likely at this point), I would like to either delete Guanaco's as well, or have a clear basis under existing policy for deleting one and not the other. --Michael Snow 20:10, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

stress?
so what are you so stressed about? Erich 07:13, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * go on... warn them nicely... start gathering up the diff's. You'll find it very therapeutic ;-) Erich 07:33, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Exile
I played the original Exile for Macintosh. My brother and I were both playing it obsessively for a while; he finished the game, but I went back to school and never got back to it. The world is one of the best-conceived I've ever encountered, and the dialogue was great. Playing it was like wandering through a good novel.

The game even had a sense of humor. My favorite bit was probably the well where you could throw a coin in, and it would tell you "Nothing happened this time." I'm imagining Jeff having a great laugh at all the people he just knows are throwing coin after coin and wondering when something will happen.

Grrr. Now you've got me wanting to find a copy and start playing. ;-) Isomorphic 02:19, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Mediation bulletin board
Hi Ambi. I'm not sure if I missed it... did you confirm here that "ambi" on the mediation bulletin board is you? I need this confirmed on Wikipedia so that I can give you full access on the bulletin board. Thanks -- sannse (talk) 21:06, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Thanks - you now have full access on the board -- sannse (talk) 13:05, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Voted for you
Hi Rebecca! I paid a visit to the polling booth a few minutes ago. I voted for you, and hope to see you on the arbitration committee. I think you're ideal for it. David Cannon 12:39, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Hi, Ambi
I'm currently collecting evidence at Requests for arbitration/Rex071404/Evidence. Feel free to add anything — there's no shortage of evidence. Neutrality 18:01, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Troll policy
I'm confused. Are you saying that the proposal changed after I voted on it? How can we be voting about a moving target? -- Jmabel 19:17, Aug 6, 2004 (UTC)
 * OK, so there is this simplified policy. And where is it being voted on? -- Jmabel 00:27, Aug 7, 2004 (UTC)
 * It's not at present, but it'll most likely go up for one if the current vote fails. Ambi 00:36, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * So what's this about "changing" my vote? Put the new matter up to a vote & I'll vote on it. -- Jmabel 00:39, Aug 7, 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the welcome.
G'day Ambi,

Thanks for the welcome. It's pleasing to see that there are other wikipedians in my local area. I'm certain that I can help out with WikiProject_Melbourne, although my contributions are likely to be rather sparse to begin with, not least because I tend to have a busy travel schedule.

I particularly appreciate your tips and links to the new user documentation. Now I don't have any excuse to avoid reading it any longer. ;)

All the very best,

Paul (Pjf 08:55, 2004 Aug 7 (UTC))

User:EastNile
Hi! I really don't see anything in this user's behaviour that might lead one to believe he's a sockpuppet. Sometimes people edit anonymously for months and pick a username in order on something they find important, sometimes newcomers browse through each and every page in Wikipedia: namespace before starting to edit. You can never know what happens in front of a computer located in a faraway place... When in doubt, please assume good faith. _R_ 16:37, 7 Aug 2004 (UTC)

smells like a sock to me! Erich 09:55, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * You must both have information that I don't have. I just hope you're not deterring a newbie for no gain whatsoever... _R_ 14:12, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Hi all
Hi Ambi, thanks for the welcome :)

Daydream believer2 04:01, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)daydream_believer2Daydream believer2 04:01, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Avala
Requests for arbitration/Avala is open. Place evidence at Requests for arbitration/Avala/Evidence. --mav 09:43, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Moved from user page
Is it bad wikiquette to post this here? I see we have some common interests, particularly, Law, activism, public transportation and unrecognized nations. Have you heard of Sealand? Do you know anything about the Sovereign united States - as opposed to the more well-known 'United States of America'? (example: California Republic as opposed to the State of California?)

aside from the above, my main interestis are stopping the deforestation of the last remaining Coast Redwoods sequoia sempervirens, which are being loggedout at an increasingly rapid pace... and corporate environmental pollution. Hope to get together under better circumstances.Pedant

sovereign states
the term refers to the 'shadow' state, in the case of california republic - pardon my 'no caps' my keyboard is dying- california was a state (nation) before it federated with the other states, which were already 'the united states '...

california had a constitution, enacted by a properly convened and convoked representative assembly.

after joining the union, a constitution was once again enacted,substantially the same except for several 'small' but crucial differences notably the previous constitution was never repealed, disenacted etc.

but the present state, the state of california behaves as if the second constitution holds sway.

state of california is a corporate identity, under corporate law and admiralty law - theirs is the great seal of the state of california

california republic is a political entity, under common Law - theirs is the bear flag which says california republic

the state uses the same flag, but typically displayed as a flag with a gold fringe, symbolising a military entity.

this is poorly known doctrine, but which has been upheld by court decisions.

very short thumbnail sketch of the situation.

Most of the fifty states have a similar thing going.

the united states itself has an even more complex issue, but which similarly plays the original constitution against later amended forms.

I'll show you the article when I get enough together to be coherent, (you might review it before I post it?) you would probably be interested.

yes, sealand is a unique case I agree, but apparently a valid claimant IMO, though a trivial case, and nations are understandably leery of recognising them explicitly, but in the case of the UK, the doctrine of estoppel by acquiescence might prevail, by both not explicitly reserving the right to rule sealand, and by not exercising the right... as "there can be no actual sovereignty without both de facto and dejure sovereignty" is one of the 'checkpoints' of sovereign status.

please delete this when you are through reading, I don't particularly want such an unthorough exposition of these facts around with my name on it.

thanks for pointing me at the appropriate place for leaving messages, btw. Pedant 18:38, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

clown
do you have any objection to reinstating this entry:

 * Lucy Ricardo, clown character of (Lucille Ball) television superstar/producer, certainly one of America's most famous clowns, and a fine example of a character clown.

to the 'list of famous clowns'?

as well as

Harpo Marx

and

the Ronald Mcdonald character, advertising icon of the Mcdonalds restaurant chain

(with no mention of the 'origin controversy')

If so, may I ask what the objection is?

this was removed at the same timePedant 18:48, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Krustofsky correspondence
I don't think you're helping your cause very much by trying to attack Adam's employer, Herschelkrustofsky. Doing so by quoting the files of the CEC is just playing into Adam's hands - and I don't think it'll win you much sympathy from passers-by. Why not take the moral high ground? Ambi 03:22, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure what you're getting at here. I think that Adam may be essentially a cat's paw for Danby, who has a much longer and more egregious history of slandering LaRouche than does Adam. I have met representatives of the CEC, and I was struck with admiration for them -- a bunch of unusually spunky, altruistic and jolly souls. And I'm not looking for sympathy, though I am looking for the moral high ground, which I have come to believe can be attained by telling the truth as fearlessly as possible. But I will be happy to discuss this further. --Herschelkrustofsky 20:55, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * BTW, Ambi -- why do you say I was "quoting the files of the CEC"? I quoted their website, which I linked to my post. I'm curious about your formulation. --Herschelkrustofsky 20:34, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Re: "arbitration/Rex071404"
Please take note, yesterday, I posted my version of the facts on this issue as per the page's instructions: "If you disagree with some evidence you see here, please provide counter-evidence, or an explanation of why the evidence is misleading. Please do this under a seperate header, to seperate your response from the original evidence."

However, tonight, Neutrality has twice deleted my statement from that page and instead moved it to the "discussion" page.

I am trying my best to defuse the tense dynamic between Neutrality an myself, but I am at a loss as to what to do.

For example, Neutrality is again jumping all over my edits on John Kerry and deleted/reversed me me multiple times tonight wihtout discussion. I have left copious notes on that talk page explaining my edits, but Neutrality dos not dialog with me.

I really would appreciate some guidedance on getting Neutrality to give me some breathing room.

Also, please take note, although I am feeling very pressed againg by Neutrality, I am not reverting to my intial method of snide commentary.

Since Snowspinner chastized me several days ago with a 24hr ban, I have reconsidered and am avoiding harsh statements. That being the case, when can I expect Neutrality to be advised to leave me be and not be so agressive to me? Rex071404 01:48, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

U.S.-Australia Free Trade Agreement
Thanks for that info about the Dems, that's something I didn't know. Meanwhile, if you can find the time, do you think you could bring anything to U.S.-Australia Free Trade Agreement? I'm not happy with the entry currently and I thought it'd be good if a few people more knowledgeable than me about such matters could contribute, since it's of contemporary relevance. Lacrimosus 02:11, 11 Aug 2004 (UTC)

I thought initially that the listing of proposed benefits to Oz was a little thin, because other than some vague reference to "increased access", I wasn't exactly sure how these benefits were quantified. Do you know anything more about that? But at least the article is shaping up well now, pleasingly. Ps. Glad you decided to stay. Noli illegitimi caborandum and all that. Lacrimosus 23:58, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

What should I do about Neutrality?
I acknowledge your comments to me of this evening. Now I have a question for you: How can I reach consensus with Neutrality, when he does not reply to any of the comments or questions I leave on the John Kerry talk page? Also, he declined my request for mediation and he is posting messages on Kerry Talk page with swear words in it.

Also, an explicit endorsement emphasizing the "conservative republican" status of the senator is inherently POV. Rex071404 02:17, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for participating in the ArbCom elections. Danny 00:46, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Thank you
Though I support Jwrosenzweig and Raul654, I think you would have been a good Arbitrator as well. And above all, I want to thank you for picking up the proposal I made at Wikipedia talk:Arbitration Committee and getting the ball rolling for this election. In helping with the transition to more direct community representation on the committee, your contribution was as important as anything you might have accomplished over the next five months. And just think of how much wikistress you get to avoid. --Michael Snow 03:05, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Rowing
I'm getting the results here: http://www.athens2004.com/en/resultsRowing/results?day=3&rsc=RO0000000 I am also trying to do the other sports as well, and I can always use an extra set of hands to work on those too. (just browse around the Athens 2004 site). Thanks! Earl Andrew 08:54, 14 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Rios Montt edit war has resumed.
I hope you will take another look at the Rios Montt page. After weeks spent trying to iron out a compromise over the article after it had been placed on lockdown (how to make it more NPOV, etc.), I have tried to make generally accepted changes on the subjects of the allegations against the School of the Americas, etc. (please see the "discussion" boards for the proof that I have not overstepped my bounds).

The discussions on Montt, an attempt to avoid another edit war, have apparently failed, though. 172, largely absent from the compromise talks, has returned to continue his campaign of inserting his political opinion on controversial issues as if it were absolute fact. As I speak, he is once again attacking and reverting any attempt to make the Montt article more NPOV (less overtly anti-Montt, anti-Reagan, anti-American, etc.).

I now believe that we have not had enough time to iron out what is and is not acceptable in the article. To keep 172 from spreading his propoganda as fact (untempered by the beliefs of others) in a hopefully fact-based Encyclopedia, I ask that you ONCE AGAIN...

LOCK THIS PAGE DOWN.

ANTI-COMMUNIST.

 * What do you mean you don't know who this guy is? You were listed in the "history section" for Rios Montt as the user who placed the page in protected status during the last edit war. I even linked to you from there. Is that incorrect?

ANTI-COMMUNIST

Ambi! Don't let virtue go unrewarded and vice flourish!
Hang in there, Ambi. Please don't let the dogmatic and illogical run you off. The truth is that enough of us already want to act against the B-Movie Booger Flinger that I think something can happen. People who have no clue what the fiend has done and yet state, universally, that "stubs are good" haven't a foot to stand on, much less a leg. Don't let their pomposity drive you away. Geogre 16:44, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Please come back! You are one of the best contributers! Neutrality 16:46, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * OMG, don't pull a "Lucky 6.9" on me! I was just swinging by to thank you for your unswaying help regarding this looney-toon.  Don't let him win this one.  Please?  PLEASE? - Lucky 6.9 03:58, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Bless you, girl. A lot of good people are on our side, people who do real work around here.  People like you.  Hang tough, and drop me a note any time you want.  Gotta go...talk to you soon.  All the best, Lucky 6.9 04:14, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * Beck, I have gone B-Movie Bandit blooey. I'm not quitting, but taking a few days off.  I'm writing you from a new job, and I don't think I'll have as much downtime anyway.  Drop me a howdy on my e-mail, OK?  Thanks for all your support.  Hugs and kisses from the USA to you. - Lucky 6.9 20:03, 16 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * I just read the VFD on the template. I really do question whether some of these people know the full extent of this blatant vandalism, or if they even care. I'd much rather write good articles on these people in my own time then be obligated to fix them up right away. Out of all the things I like, why did I have to pick soap operas? Mike H 18:24, Aug 22, 2004 (UTC)

gory pictures
Gedday 'Beck. You haven't really spat the dummy have you? If not, I'm doing a bit of a survey. Are you very squeemish? if not could you do me a favour and have a look at the photo I added to caesarian section. My other half says its too gory and will freak out women who may face need to have the operation. I guess I'm desensitised because I see so much surgery, so I'd appreciate your opinion about whether the picture should go or stay. Erich 07:38, 18 Aug 2004 (UTC)

re VfD vote on insanity templates
Good morning, Ambi. I noticed that you've voted to keep the insanity templates. Could I ask you to elaborate on your thoughts? I am pretty strongly opposed to the use of those templates. I think they degrade all our attempts to keep conversations civil (and stress down). I'm hoping that if I understood your concerns better that I'll be able to address them. Thanks. Rossami 15:06, 19 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Late Thanks
Sorry I haven't already responded, but thank you for your comments on my user-page. I consider the Sarajevo page to be pretty much done. I'm just going to add the pictures now, and maybe add a bit to the education/sports/events sections, but only the pictures are for sure. Hopefully it'll be a feature article soon. Asim Led 19:07, 21 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Thank you
Hi, Ambi: Thanks for supporting my nomination for adminship. I take your support and that of everyone else seriously, and would strive to exercise my adminship privileges judiciously and conservatively. --Sewing 01:32, 24 Aug 2004 (UTC)

adminship
Dear Ambi,

Yes, I will treat the "keys to the mop closet" well. :-) Thank you very much for your vote in support of my nomination for adminship.

-- PFHLai 03:46, 2004 Aug 24 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ambi~enwiki/Archive3


text:
Sydenham Edwards

Sydenham Teast Edwards (5 August 1768 – 8 February 1819) was a natural history illustrator. He illustrated plants, birds and importantly published an illustrated book on the breeds of dogs in Britain, Cynographia Britannica.

Edwards was born in 1768 in Usk, Monmouthshire, the son of Lloyd Pittell Edwards, a schoolmaster and organist; and his wife, Mary Reese, who had been married on 26 September 1765, at Llantilio Crossenny Church, and where Sydenham was christened in 1768. Mary Reese was a sister of the Rev. William Reece, the curate of Llantilio Crossenny who had married Ann Mackafee. Their son, Richard Reece was an eminent physician and wrote a number of works on medicine. Young Edwards had a precocious talent for draughtsmanship and when only 11 years old had copied plates from Flora Londinensis for his own enjoyment. A certain Mr. Denman visited Abergavenny in 1779 and saw some of Edwards' work. Denman, being a friend of William Curtis, the publisher of botanical works, and founder of the Curtis's Botanical Magazine, spoke to Curtis about the boy. Curtis proceeded to have Edwards trained in both botany and botanical illustration.

Edwards produced plates at a prodigious rate: between 1787 and 1815 he produced over 1,700 watercolours for the Botanical Magazine alone. He illustrated Cynographia Britannica (1800) (an encyclopaedic compendium of dog breeds in Britain), New Botanic Garden (1805-7), New Flora Britannica (1812), and The Botanical Register (1815-19). Edwards established the latter under his own editorship in 1815 after a disagreement with John Sims, who succeeded Curtis as editor. He also provided drawings for encyclopedias such as Pantologia and Rees's Cyclopædia. He completed a number of parrot illustrations between 1810 and 1812 which were acquired by Edward Smith-Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby. Edwards was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1804.

Edwards' work inspired the decoration of ceramics made by a number of major potters of the time, such as Spode.

He was buried at Chelsea Old Church (All Saints), London.

There is confusion over the spelling of his middle name. He was baptised Sydenham Edwards, but by the 1790s adopted the middle name 'Teak' on some signatures of his drawings. His death certificate has this as 'Teaste', whereas his tombstone, in Chelsea Old Church, it was 'Teast'. A memorial in the church reads, "As a faithful delineator of nature, few equalled, none excelled." The tombstone was destroyed by bombings in World War II, but has been replaced.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sydenham Edwards


text:
Amanda Beard

Amanda Ray Beard (born October 29, 1981), also known by her married name Amanda Brown, is an American swimmer and a seven-time Olympic medalist (two gold, four silver, one bronze). She is a former world record holder in the 200-meter breaststroke (long course).

Beard's success has earned her the American Swimmer of the Year Award twice. She has won a total of twenty-one medals in major international competition, five gold, thirteen silver, and three bronze spanning the Olympics, the World Championships, the Pan Pacific Championships, and the Summer Universiade.

1996 Summer Olympics
At the age of 14, Beard made her inaugural Olympic appearance at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, when a student at Irvine High School in Irvine, California. She was often photographed clutching her teddy bear, even on the medal stand. Beard has the distinction of being the second-youngest American Olympic medalist when she won three medals—a gold and two silvers.

2000–2003
At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, Beard won a bronze medal in the 200-meter breaststroke.

Beard attended the University of Arizona, where she competed for the Arizona Wildcats swimming and diving team. She won an individual NCAA Division I championship in 2001. In 2003, she became the world champion and American record-holder in the 200-meter breaststroke.

2004 Summer Olympics
At the 2004 U.S. Olympic Swim Trials, she qualified to participate in four events at the 2004 Summer Olympics and broke the world record in the 200-meter breaststroke. She would win a gold medal in the 200-meter breaststroke. Beard also won silver in both the 200-meter individual medley and the 4×100-meter medley relay. Her split in the medley relay was the fastest out of the eight competing (1:06.32).

2008 Summer Olympics
At the 2008 U.S. Olympic Swim Trials, Beard finished second in the 200-meter breaststroke event, and she qualified for her fourth consecutive Olympics. On July 30, 2008, at the U.S. swimming team's final training in Singapore, Beard, together with Dara Torres and Natalie Coughlin, were elected co-captains of the U.S. Olympic women's swimming team.

In Beijing, Beard failed to reach the semi-finals in the 200-meter breaststroke, placing 18th in the preliminaries.

2010 U.S. Swimming Nationals
In August 2010, she came out of retirement to compete at the 2010 Conoco Phillips National Championships. She finished second in the 200-meter breaststroke finals at 2:26.50, qualifying her for the Pan Pac team to represent the United States later in the month.

In the 100-meter breaststroke, Amanda Beard swam a 1:08.72 in prelims and 1:09.12 in finals, finishing 6th.

After the U.S. Nationals, Beard and Natalie Coughlin were nominated co-captains of U.S. national team once again. During the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, Amanda Beard signed up for her two signature events, the 100- and the 200-meter breaststroke. Beard qualified for finals in both events, but failed to medal. She was fifth in the 100-meter breaststroke (1:07.49) and fifth in the 200-meter breaststroke (2:24.30).

2012 Summer Olympics
Beard failed to qualify for the 2012 Olympic team after finishing 5th in the 200-meter breaststroke at the Olympic swimming trials.

Modeling and advertising
Her modeling work has included appearances in FHM, the 2006 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Edition, and the July 2007 issue of Playboy magazine, in which she posed nude.

She is a spokeswoman for Defenders of Wildlife, and enjoys interior decorating. Both of her sisters, Leah and Taryn, are swimmers. Amanda placed eighth in the Toyota Grand Prix of Long Beach Celebrity car race in 2006.

In November 2007, Beard made her first television commercial for GoDaddy entitled "Shock". It featured her "flashing" the seven Olympic medals she won from 1996 to 2004. Mark Spitz made a cameo appearance.

In April 2008, she joined Fox Network's popular sports talk program, The Best Damn Sports Show Period as a correspondent, covering major sporting events.

In 2008, Beard participated in an anti-fur campaign for the organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). She was photographed semi-nude (again covering her breasts and not exposing her nipples) in front of an American flag. The flag in that photograph is hung incorrectly according to the United States Flag Code with the blue field (canton) to the upper right. Shortly after the PETA campaign was released, accusations of hypocrisy surfaced. Beard had told a fashion blogger the year before that her favorite shoes were leather sandals, and she had stated during an interview with SmartMoney magazine that she would never buy a low-quality leather jacket.

Personal life
Beard is a vegetarian. She reports a case of mild dyslexia, which caused trouble with grades in school. She is married to photographer Sacha Brown. On September 15, 2009, she gave birth to their first child, a boy named Blaise Ray Brown. Their daughter, Doone Isla Brown, was born on June 19, 2013.

Body dysmorphia
After achieving an athletic scholarship to the University of Arizona, Beard began to struggle with body dysmorphia disorder. Stress from wearing a swimsuit in front of others as well as seeing the photo-shopping process of her ads caused Beard to desire having a body which matched that in her photos. Beard has said that "even if it had hurt my swimming, I wouldn't have stopped. I wanted to be a great swimmer, but more than that, I wanted to be pretty, skinny, and perfect."

Autobiography
Beard released an autobiography on April 3, 2012, entitled In the Water They Can't See You Cry: A Memoir. She explains the title's significance as the sensation of putting her face in the water while swimming to hide any tears she shed into her goggles. The book cites her parents' divorce at the age of 12 as the beginning of her personal struggles, as well as her perfectionist nature. In the memoir, Beard chronicles struggles with self-mutilation, depression and drug use. She credits her husband with encouraging her to seek therapy.

Personal bests
Beard's personal bests in long-course meters are:
 * 100 m breaststroke: 1:07.42, 2003 World Aquatics Championships
 * 200 m breaststroke: 2:22.44, 2004 U.S. Olympic Swimming Trials 2004
 * 200 m individual medley: 2:11.70, 2004 Summer Olympics

title: Amanda Beard


text:
Projectile motion

Projectile motion is a form of motion experienced by an object or particle (a projectile) that is projected in a gravitational field, such as from Earth's surface, and moves along a curved path under the action of gravity only. In the particular case of projectile motion on Earth, most calculations assume the effects of air resistance are passive and negligible. The curved path of objects in projectile motion was shown by Galileo to be a parabola, but may also be a straight line in the special case when it is thrown directly upward or downward. The study of such motions is called ballistics, and such a trajectory is a ballistic trajectory. The only force of mathematical significance that is actively exerted on the object is gravity, which acts downward, thus imparting to the object a downward acceleration towards the Earth’s center of mass. Because of the object's inertia, no external force is needed to maintain the horizontal velocity component of the object's motion. Taking other forces into account, such as aerodynamic drag or internal propulsion (such as in a rocket), requires additional analysis. A ballistic missile is a missile only guided during the relatively brief initial powered phase of flight, and whose remaining course is governed by the laws of classical mechanics.

Ballistics is the science of dynamics that deals with the flight, behavior and effects of projectiles, especially bullets, unguided bombs, rockets, or the like; the science or art of designing and accelerating projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance.

The elementary equation of ballistics neglect nearly every factor except for initial velocity and an assumed constant gravitational acceleration. Practical solutions of a ballistics problem often require considerations of air resistance, cross winds, target motion, varying acceleration due to gravity, and in such problems as launching a rocket from one point on the Earth to another, the rotation of the Earth. Detailed mathematical solutions of practical problems typically do not have closed-form solutions, and therefore require numerical methods to address.

Kinematic quantities
In projectile motion, the horizontal motion and the vertical motion are independent of each other; that is, neither motion affects the other. This is the principle of compound motion established by Galileo in 1638, and used by him to prove the parabolic form of projectile motion. A ballistic trajectory is a parabola with homogeneous acceleration, such as in a space ship with constant acceleration in absence of other forces. On Earth the acceleration changes magnitude with altitude and direction with latitude/longitude. This causes an elliptic trajectory, which is very close to a parabola on a small scale. However, if an object was thrown and the Earth was suddenly replaced with a black hole of equal mass, it would become obvious that the ballistic trajectory is part of an elliptic orbit around that black hole, and not a parabola that extends to infinity. At higher speeds the trajectory can also be circular, parabolic or hyperbolic (unless distorted by other objects like the Moon or the Sun). In this article a homogeneous acceleration is assumed.

Acceleration
Since there is acceleration only in the vertical direction, the velocity in the horizontal direction is constant, being equal to $$ \mathbf{v}_0 \cos\theta $$. The vertical motion of the projectile is the motion of a particle during its free fall. Here the acceleration is constant, being equal to g. The components of the acceleration are:
 * $$ a_x = 0 $$,
 * $$ a_y = -g $$.*

*The y acceleration can also be referred to as the force of the earth on the object(s) of interest.

Velocity
Let the projectile be launched with an initial velocity $$\mathbf{v}(0) \equiv \mathbf{v}_0 $$, which can be expressed as the sum of horizontal and vertical components as follows:
 * $$ \mathbf{v}_0 = v_{0x}\mathbf{\hat x} + v_{0y}\mathbf{\hat y} $$.

The components $$ v_{0x} $$ and $$ v_{0y} $$ can be found if the initial launch angle, $$ \theta $$, is known:
 * $$ v_{0x} = v_0\cos(\theta)$$,
 * $$ v_{0y} = v_0\sin(\theta)$$

The horizontal component of the velocity of the object remains unchanged throughout the motion. The vertical component of the velocity changes linearly, because the acceleration due to gravity is constant. The accelerations in the x and y directions can be integrated to solve for the components of velocity at any time t, as follows:
 * $$ v_x = v_0 \cos(\theta) $$,
 * $$ v_y = v_0 \sin(\theta) - gt $$.

The magnitude of the velocity (under the Pythagorean theorem, also known as the triangle law):
 * $$ v = \sqrt{v_x^2 + v_y^2 } $$.

Displacement
At any time $$ t $$, the projectile's horizontal and vertical displacement are:
 * $$ x = v_0 t \cos(\theta) $$,
 * $$ y = v_0 t \sin(\theta) - \frac{1}{2}gt^2 $$.

The magnitude of the displacement is:
 * $$ \Delta r=\sqrt{x^2 + y^2 } $$.

Consider the equations,
 * $$ x = v_0 t \cos(\theta), y = v_0 t\sin(\theta) - \frac{1}{2}gt^2 $$.

If t is eliminated between these two equations the following equation is obtained:
 * $$ y = \tan(\theta) \cdot x-\frac{g}{2v^2_{0}\cos^2 \theta} \cdot x^2=\tan\theta \cdot x \left(1-\frac{x}{R}\right). $$

Here R is the Range of a projectile.

Since g, θ , and v0 are constants, the above equation is of the form
 * $$ y=ax+bx^2 $$,

in which a and b are constants. This is the equation of a parabola, so the path is parabolic. The axis of the parabola is vertical.

If the projectile's position (x,y) and launch angle (θ or α) are known, the initial velocity can be found solving for v0 in the aforementioned parabolic equation:

 * $$ v_0 = \sqrt{{x^2 g} \over {x \sin 2\theta - 2y \cos^2\theta}} $$.

Displacement in polar coordinates
The parabolic trajectory of a projectile can also be expressed in polar coordinates instead of Cartesian coordinates. In this case, the position has the general formula
 * $$ r( \phi ) = \frac{2v_0^2 \cos^2\theta}{|g|} \left(\tan\theta\sec\phi -\tan\phi\sec\phi \right) $$.

In this equation, the origin is the midpoint of the horizontal range of the projectile, and if the ground is flat, the parabolic arc is plotted in the range $$ 0 \leq \phi \leq \pi $$. This expression can be obtained by transforming the Cartesian equation as stated above by $$ y = r \sin\phi $$ and $$ x = r \cos\phi $$.

Time of flight or total time of the whole journey
The total time t for which the projectile remains in the air is called the time of flight.
 * $$ y = v_0 t \sin(\theta) - \frac{1}{2}gt^2 $$

After the flight, the projectile returns to the horizontal axis (x-axis), so $$ y=0 $$.
 * $$ 0 = v_0 t \sin(\theta) - \frac{1}{2}gt^2 $$

 * $$ v_0 t \sin(\theta) = \frac{1}{2}gt^2 $$

 * $$ v_0 \sin(\theta) = \frac{1}{2}gt $$

 * $$ t = \frac{2 v_0 \sin(\theta)}{|g|} $$

Note that we have neglected air resistance on the projectile.

If the starting point is at height y0 with respect to the point of impact, the time of flight is:
 * $$ t = \frac{d}{v \cos\theta} = \frac{v \sin \theta + \sqrt{(v \sin \theta)^2 + 2gy_0}}{g} $$

As above, this expression can be reduced to

 * $$ t = \frac{v\sin{\theta} + \sqrt{(v\sin{\theta})^{2}}}{|g|} = \frac{v\sin{\theta} + v\sin{\theta}}{|g|} = \frac{2v\sin{\theta}}{|g|} = \frac{2v\sin{(45)}}{|g|} = \frac{2v\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}{|g|} = \frac{\sqrt{2}v}{|g|}$$

if θ is 45° and y0 is 0.

Time of flight to the target's position
As shown above in the Displacement section, the horizontal and vertical velocity of a projectile are independent of each other.

Because of this, we can find the time to reach a target using the displacement formula for the horizontal velocity:

$$x = v_0 t \cos(\theta)$$

$$\frac{x}{t}=v_0\cos(\theta)$$

$$t=\frac{x}{v_0\cos(\theta)}$$

This equation will give the total time t the projectile must travel for to reach the target's horizontal displacement, neglecting air resistance.

Maximum height of projectile
The greatest height that the object will reach is known as the peak of the object's motion. The increase in height will last until $$ v_y=0 $$, that is,
 * $$ 0=v_0 \sin(\theta) - gt_h $$.

Time to reach the maximum height(h):
 * $ t_h = \frac{v_0 \sin(\theta)}{|g|} $.

For the vertical displacement of the maximum height of the projectile:
 * $$ h = v_0 t_h \sin(\theta) - \frac{1}{2} gt^2_h $$
 * $$ h = \frac{v_0^2 \sin^2(\theta)}{2|g|} $$

The maximum reachable height is obtained for θ=90°:
 * $$ h_{\mathrm{max}} = \frac{v_0^2}{2|g|} $$

If the projectile's position (x,y) and launch angle (θ) are known, the maximum height can be found by solving for h in the following equation:
 * $$h=\frac{(x\tan\theta)^2}{4(x\tan\theta-y)}. $$

Angle of elevation (φ) at the maximum height is given by:
 * $$\phi = \arctan$$

Relation between horizontal range and maximum height
The relation between the range d on the horizontal plane and the maximum height h reached at $$ \frac{t_d}{2} $$ is:
 * $$ h = \frac{d\tan\theta}{4} $$

$$ h = \frac{v_0^2\sin^2\theta}{2|g|} $$
 * $$ d = \frac{v_0^2\sin2\theta}{|g|} $$
 * $$ \frac{h}{d} = \frac{v_0^2\sin^2\theta}{2|g|} $$ × $$ \frac{g}{v_0^2\sin2\theta} $$
 * $$ \frac{h}{d} = \frac{\sin^2\theta}{4\sin\theta\cos\theta} $$

$$ h = \frac{d\tan\theta}{4} $$.

If $$h = R$$
 * $$ \theta = \arctan(4)\approx 76.0^\circ $$

Maximum distance of projectile

The range and the maximum height of the projectile does not depend upon its mass. Hence range and maximum height are equal for all bodies that are thrown with the same velocity and direction. The horizontal range d of the projectile is the horizontal distance it has traveled when it returns to its initial height ($$y=0$$).
 * $$ 0 = v_0 t_d \sin(\theta) - \frac{1}{2}gt_d^2 $$.

Time to reach ground:
 * $$ t_d = \frac{2v_0 \sin(\theta)}{|g|} $$.

From the horizontal displacement the maximum distance of projectile:
 * $$ d = v_0 t_d \cos(\theta) $$,

so
 * $$ d = \frac{v_0^2}{|g|}\sin(2\theta) $$.

Note that d has its maximum value when
 * $$ \sin 2\theta=1 $$,

which necessarily corresponds to
 * $$ 2\theta=90^\circ $$,

or
 * $$ \theta=45^\circ $$.

The total horizontal distance (d) traveled.

 * $$ d = \frac{v \cos \theta}{|g|} \left( v \sin \theta + \sqrt{(v \sin \theta)^2 + 2gy_0} \right) $$

When the surface is flat (initial height of the object is zero), the distance traveled:

 * $$ d = \frac{v^2 \sin(2 \theta)}{|g|} $$

Thus the maximum distance is obtained if θ is 45 degrees. This distance is:

 * $$ d_{\mathrm{max}} = \frac{v^2}{|g|} $$

Application of the work energy theorem
According to the work-energy theorem the vertical component of velocity is:
 * $$ v_y^2 = (v_0 \sin \theta)^2-2gy $$.

These formulae ignore aerodynamic drag and also assume that the landing area is at uniform height 0.

Angle of reach
The "angle of reach" is the angle ( θ ) at which a projectile must be launched in order to go a distance d, given the initial velocity v.

 * $$ \sin(2\theta) = \frac{gd}{v^2} $$

There are two solutions:
 * $$ \theta = \frac{1}{2} \arcsin \left( \frac{gd}{v^2} \right) $$ (shallow trajectory)

and because $$ \sin(2\theta) = \cos (2\theta - 90^\circ )$$,

 * $$ \theta = 45^\circ + \frac{1}{2} \arccos \left( \frac{gd}{v^2} \right) $$ (steep trajectory)

Angle θ required to hit coordinate ( x, y )
To hit a target at range x and altitude y when fired from (0,0) and with initial speed v the required angle(s) of launch θ are:

 * $$ \theta = \arctan{\left(\frac{v^2\pm\sqrt{v^4-g(gx^2+2yv^2)}}{gx}\right)} $$

The two roots of the equation correspond to the two possible launch angles, so long as they aren't imaginary, in which case the initial speed is not great enough to reach the point ( x, y ) selected. This formula allows one to find the angle of launch needed without the restriction of $$ y=0 $$.

One can also ask what launch angle allows the lowest possible launch velocity. This occurs when the two solutions above are equal, implying that the quantity under the square root sign is zero. This requires solving a quadratic equation for $$ v^2 $$, and we find
 * $$ v^2/g=y+\sqrt{y^2+x^2}. $$

This gives
 * $$ \theta=\arctan\left(y/x+\sqrt{y^2/x^2+1}\right). $$

If we denote the angle whose tangent is $y/x$ by $α$, then
 * $$ \tan\theta=\frac{\sin\alpha+1}{\cos\alpha} $$
 * $$ \tan(\pi/2-\theta)=\frac{\cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha+1} $$
 * $$ \cos^2(\pi/2-\theta)=\frac 12(\sin\alpha+1) $$
 * $$ 2\cos^2(\pi/2-\theta)-1=\cos(\pi/2-\alpha) $$

This implies
 * $$ \theta = \pi/2 - \frac 12(\pi/2-\alpha). $$

In other words, the launch should be at the angle halfway between the target and Zenith (vector opposite to Gravity)

Total Path Length of the Trajectory
The length of the parabolic arc traced by a projectile L, given that the height of launch and landing is the same and that there is no air resistance, is given by the formula:

 * $$L = \frac{v_0^2}{2g} \left( 2\sin\theta + \cos^2\theta\cdot\ln \frac{1 + \sin\theta}{1 - \sin\theta} \right) = \frac{v_0^2}{g} \left( \sin\theta + \cos^2\theta\cdot\tanh^{-1}(\sin\theta) \right)$$

where $$v_0$$ is the initial velocity, $$\theta$$ is the launch angle and $$g$$ is the acceleration due to gravity as a positive value. The expression can be obtained by evaluating the arc length integral for the height-distance parabola between the bounds initial and final displacements (i.e. between 0 and the horizontal range of the projectile) such that:

 * $$L = \int_{0}^{\mathrm{range}} \sqrt{1 + \left ( \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} \right )^2}\,\mathrm{d}x = \int_{0}^{v_0^2 \sin(2\theta)/g} \sqrt{1+\left (\tan\theta -{g\over {v_0^2 \cos^2\theta}}x\right)^2}\,\mathrm{d}x .$$

If the time of flight is t,
 * $$L = \int_{0}^{t} \sqrt{v_x^2 + v_y^2}\,\mathrm{d}t = \int_{0}^{2v_0\sin\theta/g} \sqrt{(gt)^2-2gv_0\sin\theta t+v_0^2}\,\mathrm{d}t.$$

Trajectory of a projectile with air resistance
[[File:Inclinedthrow2.gif|thumb|400px|Trajectories of a mass thrown at an angle of 70°:

without drag

with Stokes' drag

with Newtonian drag]] Air resistance creates a force that (for symmetric projectiles) is always directed against the direction of motion in the surrounding medium and has a magnitude that depends on the absolute speed: $$\mathbf{F_{air}} = -f(v)\cdot\mathbf{\hat v}$$. The speed-dependence of the friction force is linear ($$f(v) \propto v$$) at very low speeds (Stokes drag) and quadratic ($$f(v) \propto v^2$$) at larger speeds (Newton drag). The transition between these behaviours is determined by the Reynolds number, which depends on speed, object size and kinematic viscosity of the medium. For Reynolds numbers below about 1000, the dependence is linear, above it becomes quadratic. In air, which has a kinematic viscosity around $$0.15\,\mathrm{cm^2/s}$$, this means that the drag force becomes quadratic in v when the product of speed and diameter is more than about $$0.015\,\mathrm{m^2/s}$$, which is typically the case for projectiles.
 * Stokes drag: $$\mathbf{F_{air}} = -k_{\mathrm{Stokes}}\cdot\mathbf{v}\qquad$$ (for $$Re \lesssim 1000$$)
 * Newton drag: $$\mathbf{F_{air}} = -k\,|\mathbf{v}|\cdot\mathbf{v}\qquad$$ (for $$Re \gtrsim 1000$$)

The free body diagram on the right is for a projectile that experiences air resistance and the effects of gravity. Here, air resistance is assumed to be in the direction opposite of the projectile's velocity: $$\mathbf{F_{\mathrm{air}}} = -f(v)\cdot\mathbf{\hat v}$$

Trajectory of a projectile with Stokes drag
Stokes drag, where $$\mathbf{F_{air}} \propto \mathbf{v}$$, only applies at very low speed in air, and is thus not the typical case for projectiles. However, the linear dependence of $$F_\mathrm{air}$$ on $$v$$ causes a very simple differential equation of motion
 * $$\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t}\begin{pmatrix}v_x \\ v_y\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix}-\mu\,v_x \\ -g-\mu\,v_y\end{pmatrix}$$

in which the two cartesian components become completely independent, and thus easier to solve. Here, $$v_0$$,$$v_x$$ and $$v_y$$ will be used to denote the initial velocity, the velocity along the direction of x and the velocity along the direction of y, respectively. The mass of the projectile will be denoted by m, and $$\mu:=k/m$$. For the derivation only the case where $$0^o \le \theta \le 180^o $$ is considered. Again, the projectile is fired from the origin (0,0).

The relationships that represent the motion of the particle are derived by Newton's Second Law, both in the x and y directions. In the x direction $$ \Sigma F = -kv_x = ma_x $$ and in the y direction $$ \Sigma F = -kv_y - mg = ma_y $$.

This implies that:

$$ a_x = -\mu v_x = \frac{\mathrm{d}v_x}{\mathrm{d}t} $$ (1),

and

$$ a_y = -\mu v_y - g = \frac{\mathrm{d}v_y}{\mathrm{d}t} $$ (2)

Solving (1) is an elementary differential equation, thus the steps leading to a unique solution for vx and, subsequently, x will not be enumerated. Given the initial conditions $$ v_x = v_{x0} $$ (where vx0 is understood to be the x component of the initial velocity) and $$ x=0 $$ for $$ t=0 $$:

$$ v_x = v_{x0} e^{-\mu t} $$ (1a)

 * $$ x(t) = \frac{v_{x0}}{\mu}\left(1-e^{-\mu t}\right) $$ (1b)

While (1) is solved much in the same way, (2) is of distinct interest because of its non-homogeneous nature. Hence, we will be extensively solving (2). Note that in this case the initial conditions are used $$ v_y=v_{y0} $$ and $$ y=0 $$ when $$ t=0 $$.

$$ \frac{\mathrm{d}v_y}{\mathrm{d}t} = -\mu v_y - g $$ (2)

$$ \frac{\mathrm{d}v_y}{\mathrm{d}t} + \mu v_y = - g $$ (2a)

This first order, linear, non-homogeneous differential equation may be solved a number of ways; however, in this instance, it will be quicker to approach the solution via an integrating factor $$ e^{\int \mu \,\mathrm{d}t} $$.

$$ e^{\mu t}(\frac{\mathrm{d}v_y}{\mathrm{d}t} + \mu v_y) = e^{\mu t}(-g) $$ (2c)

$$ (e^{\mu t}v_y)^\prime = e^{\mu t}(-g) $$ (2d)

$$ \int{(e^{\mu t}v_y)^\prime \,\mathrm{d}t} = e^{\mu t}v_y = \int{ e^{\mu t}(-g) \,\mathrm{d}t} $$ (2e)

$$ e^{\mu t}v_y = \frac{1}{\mu} e^{\mu t}(-g) + C $$(2f)

$$ v_y = \frac{-g}{\mu} + Ce^{-\mu t} $$ (2g)

And by integration we find:

$$ y = -\frac{g}{\mu}t - \frac{1}{\mu}(v_{y0} + \frac{g}{\mu})e^{-\mu t} + C $$ (3)

Solving for our initial conditions:

$$ v_y(t) = -\frac{g}{\mu} + (v_{y0} + \frac{g}{\mu})e^{-\mu t} $$ (2h)

$$ y(t) = -\frac{g}{\mu}t - \frac{1}{\mu}(v_{y0} + \frac{g}{\mu})e^{-\mu t} + \frac{1}{\mu}(v_{y0} + \frac{g}{\mu}) $$ (3a)

With a bit of algebra to simplify (3a):

 * $$ y(t) = -\frac{g}{\mu}t + \frac{1}{\mu}\left(v_{y0} + \frac{g}{\mu}\right)\left(1 - e^{-\mu t}\right) $$ (3b)

The total time of the journey in the presence of air resistance (more specifically, when $$F_{air}=-kv$$) can be calculated by the same strategy as above, namely, we solve the equation $$y(t)=0$$. While in the case of zero air resistance this equation can be solved elementarily, here we shall need the Lambert W function. The equation $$y(t)= -\frac{g}{\mu}t + \frac{1}{\mu}(v_{y0} + \frac{g}{\mu})(1 - e^{-\mu t}) = 0$$ is of the form $$c_1t+c_2+c_3e^{c_4t}=0$$, and such an equation can be transformed into an equation solvable by the $$W$$ function (see an example of such a transformation here). Some algebra shows that the total time of flight, in closed form, is given as

 * $$t=\frac{1}{\mu}\left(1+\frac{\mu}{g}v_{y0}+W\left(-\left(1+\frac{\mu}{g} v_{y0}\right)e^{-\left(1+\frac{\mu}{g} v_{y0}\right)}\right)\right)$$.

Trajectory of a projectile with Newton drag
The most typical case of air resistance, for the case of Reynolds numbers above about 1000 is Newton drag with a drag force proportional to the speed squared, $$F_{\mathrm{air}} = -k v^2$$. In air, which has a kinematic viscosity around $$0.15\,\mathrm{cm^2/s}$$, this means that the product of speed and diameter must be more than about $$0.015\,\mathrm{m^2/s}$$.

Unfortunately, the equations of motion can not be easily solved analytically for this case. Therefore, a numerical solution will be examined.

The following assumptions are made:
 * Constant gravitational acceleration
 * Air resistance is given by the following drag formula,
 * $$\mathbf{F_D} = -\tfrac{1}{2} c \rho A\, v\,\mathbf{v}$$

 * Where:

 * FD is the drag force
 * c is the drag coefficient
 * ρ is the air density
 * A is the cross sectional area of the projectile
 * μ = k/m = cρA/(2m)

Special cases
Even though the general case of a projectile with Newton drag cannot be solved analytically, some special cases can. Here we denote the terminal velocity in free-fall as $$v_\infty=\sqrt{g/\mu}$$ and the characteristic settling time constant $$t_f=1/\sqrt{g\mu}$$.
 * Near-horizontal motion: In case the motion is almost horizontal, $$|v_x|\gg|v_y|$$, such as a flying bullet, the vertical velocity component has very little influence on the horizontal motion. In this case:
 * $$\dot{v}_x(t) = -\mu\,v_x^2(t)$$
 * $$v_x(t) = \frac{1}{1/v_{x,0}+\mu\,t}$$
 * $$x(t) = \frac{1}{\mu}\ln(1+\mu\,v_{x,0}\cdot t)$$
 * The same pattern applies for motion with friction along a line in any direction, when gravity is negligible. It also applies when vertical motion is prevented, such as for a moving car with its engine off.

 * Vertical motion upward:
 * $$\dot{v}_y(t) = -g-\mu\,v_y^2(t)$$
 * $$v_y(t) = v_\infty \tan\frac{t_{\mathrm{peak}}-t}{t_f}$$
 * $$y(t) = y_{\mathrm{peak}} + \frac{1}{\mu}\ln\left(\cos\frac{t_{\mathrm{peak}}-t}{t_f}\right)$$
 * Here
 * $$v_\infty \equiv \sqrt{\frac{g}{\mu}},$$
 * $$t_f \equiv \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu g}},$$
 * $$t_{\mathrm{peak}} \equiv t_f \arctan{\frac{v_{y,0}}{v_\infty}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu g}} \arctan{\left(\sqrt\frac{\mu}{g}v_{y,0}\right)},$$
 * and
 * $$y_{\mathrm{peak}} \equiv -\frac{1}{\mu}\ln{\cos{\frac{t_\mathrm{peak}}{t_f}}} = \frac{1}{2\mu}\ln{\left(1+\frac{\mu}{g} v_{y,0}^2\right)}$$
 * where $$v_{y,0}$$ is the initial upward velocity at $$t = 0$$ and the initial position is $$y(0) = 0$$.
 * A projectile cannot rise longer than $$t_\mathrm{rise}=\frac{\pi}{2}t_f$$ in the vertical direction before it reaches the peak.

 * Vertical motion downward:
 * $$\dot{v}_y(t) = -g+\mu\,v_y^2(t)$$
 * $$v_y(t) = -v_\infty \tanh\frac{t-t_{\mathrm{peak}}}{t_f}$$
 * $$y(t) = y_{\mathrm{peak}} - \frac{1}{\mu}\ln\left(\cosh\frac{t-t_{\mathrm{peak}}}{t_f}\right)$$
 * After a time $$t_f$$, the projectile reaches almost terminal velocity $$-v_\infty$$.

Numerical solution
A projectile motion with drag can be computed generically by numerical integration of the ordinary differential equation, for instance by applying a reduction to a first-order system. The equation to be solved is

 * $$\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t}\begin{pmatrix}x \\ y \\ v_x \\ v_y\end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix}v_x \\ v_y \\ -\mu\,v_x\sqrt{v_x^2+v_y^2} \\ -g-\mu\,v_y\sqrt{v_x^2+v_y^2}\end{pmatrix}$$.

This approach also allows to add the effects of speed-dependent drag coefficient, altitude-dependent air density and position-dependent gravity field.

Lofted trajectory
A special case of a ballistic trajectory for a rocket is a lofted trajectory, a trajectory with an apogee greater than the minimum-energy trajectory to the same range. In other words, the rocket travels higher and by doing so it uses more energy to get to the same landing point. This may be done for various reasons such as increasing distance to the horizon to give greater viewing/communication range or for changing the angle with which a missile will impact on landing. Lofted trajectories are sometimes used in both missile rocketry and in spaceflight.

Projectile motion on a planetary scale
When a projectile without air resistance travels a range that is significant compared to the Earth's radius (above ≈100 km), the curvature of the Earth and the non-uniform Earth's gravity have to be considered. This is, for example the case with spacecraft or intercontinental projectiles. The trajectory then generalizes from a parabola to a Kepler-ellipse with one focus at the center of the Earth. The projectile motion then follows Kepler's laws of planetary motion.

The trajectories' parameters have to be adapted from the values of a uniform gravity field stated above. The Earth radius is taken as R, and g as the standard surface gravity. Let $$\tilde v:=v/\sqrt{Rg}$$ the launch velocity relative to the first cosmic velocity.

Total range d between launch and impact:
 * $$ d = \frac{v^2 \sin(2 \theta)}{g} \Big/ \sqrt{1-\left(2-\tilde v^2\right)\tilde v^2\cos^2\theta}$$

Maximum range of a projectile for optimum launch angle ($$\theta=\tfrac12\arccos\left(\tilde v^2/(2-\tilde v^2)\right)$$):
 * $$ d_{\mathrm{max}} = \frac{v^2}{g} \big/ \left(1-\tfrac12\tilde v^2\right)$$      with $$v<\sqrt{Rg}$$, the first cosmic velocity

Maximum height of a projectile above the planetary surface:
 * $$ h = \frac{v^2 \sin^2\theta}{g} \Big/ \left(1-\tilde v^2+\sqrt{1-\left(2-\tilde v^2\right)\tilde v^2\cos^2\theta}\right) $$

Maximum height of a projectile for vertical launch ($$\theta=90^\circ$$):
 * $$ h_{\mathrm{max}} = \frac{v^2}{2g} \big/ \left(1-\tfrac12\tilde v^2\right) $$      with $$v<\sqrt{2Rg}$$, the second cosmic velocity

Time of flight:
 * $$ t = \frac{2v\sin\theta}{g} \cdot \frac{1}{2-\tilde v^2} \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2-\tilde v^2}\,\tilde v\sin\theta}\arcsin\frac{\sqrt{2-\tilde v^2}\,\tilde v\sin\theta}{\sqrt{1-\left(2-\tilde v^2\right)\tilde v^2\cos^2\theta}}\right) $$

title: Projectile motion


text:
Derek Enright

Derek Anthony Enright (2 August 1935 – 31 October 1995) was a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.

Early life
Born in Thornaby-on-Tees, North Riding of Yorkshire, he attended St. Michael's College on St John's Road, Leeds (which has since merged with Mount St Mary's Catholic High School), then a grammar school. He was educated at Wadham College, Oxford, gaining a BA in Classics and a DipEd, and worked as a school teacher of classics at The John Fisher School, a Roman Catholic grammar school in Purley, London from 1959 to 1967. He taught at St Wilfrid's Catholic High School in the 1970s, where he taught students to sing "Yellow Submarine" and "Ten Green Bottles" in Latin. He also played a convincing Pharaoh in Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat.

Parliamentary career
He was elected as a Labour Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Leeds in 1979, staying until 1984. He was British Labour group spokesman on third world affairs and women's rights, and was later an EC delegate in Guinea Bissau. He contested Kent East in the 1984 European election. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Hemsworth, West Yorkshire from 1991 until his death in 1995. In 1990, he was a co-founder of the cross-party Movement for Christian Democracy, portions of which later evolved into the Christian Peoples Alliance.

Sings "Yellow Submarine" in Latin in the Commons chamber
On 2 March 1993, during a debate on the Education Reform Bill, Enright mentioned that "To help my pupils discover what the optative and subjunctive are all about, I translated Beatles songs into Latin." Challenged by Nicholas Fairbairn to sing a Beatles song in Latin, Enright immediately stood up and did so, singing "Yellow Submarine" in Latin. The Deputy Speaker, Geoffrey Lofthouse, got him to curtail his performance by reminding Enright of the rules of the House: "Order. The hon. Gentleman has been a Member of the House long enough to know its rules full well."

Personal life
He married Jane Simmons in 1963, and they had two sons and two daughters. He died from cancer aged 60. His son, Duncan Enright, stood against Michael Heseltine in Henley at the 1997 general election, and against David Cameron in Witney at the 2015 general election. Duncan is a councillor in Witney, Oxfordshire.

title: Derek Enright


text:
Talk:John Kerry/Rex's version

1971 Meeting of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)
From November 12-15, 1971, a VVAW meeting was held in Kansas City, Missouri. It has been reported that at that meeting, a VVAW member proposed that they should assassinate pro-Vietnam War politicians.

Some sources say that this suggestion was immediately shouted down by a large majority. Also, according to some reports, Kerry left the meeting prior to that suggestion being offered and was therefor not present to personally hear the proposal for violence.

On this subject, over the years, Kerry has at various times stated that he does not remember attending the meeting in Kansas City. He has said that his memory is that he had already resigned from the organization several months earlier, at the St. Louis meeting in July 1971.

However, the New York Sun reported in a front page article on March 12, 2004 that "Kerry's presence at this meeting has been confirmed by several witnesses, even though Senator Kerry has stated that he does not remember attending."

Additionally, as late as January 26th, 1972, the New York Times was still reporting John Kerry as being "a leader of Vietnam Veterans against the War"

The varying reports on this topic do not make clear precisely what the historical record is and for that reason, the readers are left to drawn their own conclusions about this.

1971 Meeting of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) (Rex v.2)
From November 12th to 15th, 1971, a VVAW meeting was held in Kansas City, Missouri. The meeting is quite controversial because one VVAW member in attendance suggested that the VVAW should assassinate, among others, seven Senators who were in favor of continuing the Vietnam War, including Strom Thurmond, John Stennis, and John Tower.

And even though most reports indicate this suggestion was soundly rejected, controversy has arisen in some circles as to whether or not Kerry was at this meeting, and whether or not his statements about this and as to when he quit VVAW have been consistent and accurate.

Kerry’s campaign, according to the Boston Globe, says that Senator Kerry does not remember attending the Kansas City meeting, nor does he remember the specific discussion in question.

Additionally, although Kerry has at times stated that he had already quit the VVAW before this meeting took place, the New York Sun reported on March 12, 2004 that "Kerry's presence at this meeting has been confirmed by several witnesses, even though Senator Kerry has stated that he does not remember attending."

However, Scott Camil, the man who suggested using violence, has more recently said that he does not remember Kerry being there. According to the Boston Globe, Camil states “He had nothing to do with this, I don’t remember seeing him there.”

Other sources, including the FBI and also another VVAW Member, Randy Barnes, have corroborated Kerry as attending the meeting. However Mr. Barnes has more recently restated his position on this and now says that he may have been mistaken as to which meeting in Missouri he saw Kerry at.

The varying contentions surrounding Kerry's alleged attendance at this controversial meeting as well as the contradictory evidence as to precisely when he did in fact disassociate himself from VVAW has caught the eye of several national commentators, including John Fund of the Wall Street Journal and Patrick J. Buchannon, the right-wing idealogue.

The varying reports on this topic do not make clear precisely what the historical record is, however most published reports do give Mr. Kerry the benefit of the doubt and are clear to avoid suggesting that he was personally in favor of assassinating US Politicians. It is also reasonably clear that regardless of when indeed Mr. Kerry actually did quit the VVAW, it was in any case, no later than approximately 6 months after the controversial November 1971 meeting

1971 Meeting of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) (Rex v.3 - How about this?)
From November 12th to 15th, 1971, a VVAW meeting was held in Kansas City, Missouri. The history of this meeting is controversial because one VVAW member in attendance suggested that the group should act violently against certain politicians who were in favor of continuing the Vietnam War, including Strom Thurmond, John Stennis, and John Tower.

And even though most reports indicate this suggestion was soundly rejected, there has been controversy as to whether or not Kerry was at this meeting, and whether or not his ongoing statements regarding this and his departure date from VVAW have been consistent and accurate.

Additionally, although Kerry has at times stated that he had already quit the VVAW before this meeting took place, the New York Sun reported on March 12, 2004 that "Kerry's presence at this meeting has been confirmed by several witnesses, even though Senator Kerry has stated that he does not remember attending."

The varying reports on this topic do not make clear precisely what the historical record is, however most published reports do give Mr. Kerry the benefit of the doubt and are clear to avoid suggesting that he was personally in favor of harming anyone with violence. It is also reasonably clear that regardless of when indeed Mr. Kerry actually did quit the VVAW, it was in any case, no later than approximately 6 months after the controversial November 1971 meeting.

67.180.24.204's version of Rex v.3
might I suggest the following paragraph, containing the essence of your v.3?

In November 1971, a VVAW meeting was held in Kansas City, Missouri. This meeting is controversial because one VVAW member in attendance suggested violence against certain senators who were in favor of continuing the Vietnam War. The suggested violence was by all accounts soundly rejected. It is unclear whether or not Kerry was at this meeting or was still a member of the VVAW at the time. The varying reports on this topic do not make clear precisely what Kerry's role (if any) in this meeting was, however published reports are clear that Kerry was personally opposed to any violence by VVAW.

67.180.24.204 07:33, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: Talk:John Kerry/Rex's version


text:
Ram Oren

Ram Oren (born 8 March 1936) is a popular Israeli author who has sold an unprecedented 1 million books in Hebrew.

Oren was born in Tel Aviv during the Mandate era. At age 15, he began his journalistic career as a messenger boy for Yediot Aharonot, and was a correspondent for that newspaper from 1952 to 1955. From 1955 to 1958, he served in the Israel Defense Forces as a reporter for the IDF's weekly magazine Bamahane. From 1958 to 1963, he studied law at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. From 1964 to 1994, he worked again for Yediot Aharonot. He advanced to editorship of important sections in the newspaper, and was at one point its chief correspondent in New York City. He only began his career as a literary writer at a relatively advanced age.

In 1994, he published his first book, Seduction (Keter Publishing). The book did not sell well at first, and was considered a commercial failure. Then Oren appeared on Dan Shilon's television show, the most popular Israeli talk show at the time. The appearance was a springboard for the book, which turned into one of Israel's most popular bestsellers ever. A 2002 movie adaptation was also successful.

Oren's success at the tills, nearly unprecedented in Israeli publishing, led him to found a publishing house, "Keshet". Founded in 1996, the company advertises Oren's books as well as bestsellers by authors such as Shifra Horn, Irit Linoor, Shelly Yachimovich, and Koby Oz.

Oren's books are known for their fast pace and gripping plots. Since his first success, Oren tries to present a picture of various phenomena in the national culture, such as the seeking of eastern mysticism in ashrams. His books have been translated into several languages, including English and French.

Most of his books are in the detective fiction genre. In 2002 his first book presenting a historical episode was published, Latrun, employing his compelling, readable style. In 2004 he published another book in this category, Target: Tel Aviv, concerning the Egyptian Army's invasion of Israel in the War of Independence.

Oren lives in Tel Aviv. He has been married to his wife Nitza since 1961. They have three children and grandchildren.

Books
List of published books
 * Seduction'' (suspense; 1994)
 * Framed (suspense; 1995)
 * Mark of Cain (suspense; 1996). English translation: Tel Aviv: Keshet, 1998, ISBN 965-90130-5-1.
 * Heart (suspense; 1997)
 * Shadow of Doubt (suspense; 1997)
 * Ashram (novel; 1998)
 * Live Ammunition (suspense; 1999)
 * Eve and Adam (novel; 2000)
 * Nude (suspense; 2000)
 * Love Behind Closed Doors (suspense; 2001)
 * Addiction and Other Stories (2002)
 * Latrun (historical novel; 2002)
 * African Princess (suspense; 2003)
 * The Heiress (suspense; 2004)
 * The Target: Tel Aviv (historical novel; 2004)
 * Little Sister (suspense; 2005)
 * My Lover, My Enemy (suspense; 2006)
 * Red Days (historical novel; 2006)
 * Gertruda's Oath (2007). English translation released by Doubleday in 2009
 * Chief of Staff (novel; 2007)
 * Ghosts (suspense; 2008)
 * Green Card (suspense; 2008)
 * From the Bible with Love (biblical stories; 2009)
 * Sylvia Rafael: The Life and Death of a Mossad Spy. With Moti Kfir. (biographical novel; 2010)
 * One Child Too Many (suspense; 2010)
 * Secrets (novel; 2011)
 * Double Identity (suspense; 2011)
 * Yearning Soul (historical novel; 2012)
 * Black Sheep (suspense; 2012)
 * The Red Scarf (historical novel; 2013)
 * Mother (novel; 2014)
 * Painful Love: Shiri (trilogy, part 1; 2014)
 * Painful Love: Danny (trilogy, part 2; 2015)
 * Painful Love: Amira (trilogy, part 3; 2015)
 * Live TV (novel; 2016)

title: Ram Oren


text:
German Earth and Stone Works

German Earth and Stone Works (Deutsche Erd- und Steinwerke GmbH, DEST) was an SS-owned company created to procure and manufacture building materials for state construction projects in Nazi Germany. DEST was a subsidiary company of Amtsgruppe W (Amt. W) of SS Main Economic and Administrative Office (WVHA). Both ''Amt. W'' and the WVHA were headed by Waffen-SS generals Oswald Pohl and Georg Lörner.

The headquarters for DEST were located in Sankt Georgen an der Gusen, a small town in Austria where Gusen II, a subcamp of Mauthausen, was built in 1944.

History
DEST, founded on April 29, 1938, in Berlin, was administered by the WHVA for the purpose of procuring building materials and organizing slave labor and overseeing quarry operations. The Sachsenhausen (1936), Buchenwald (1937), Flossenbürg (1938), Mauthausen (1938), Natzweiler-Struthof (1939), Gross Rosen (1940) and Neuengamme (1940) concentration camp sites were chosen because of their proximity to soil suitable for making bricks, or due to the close proximity of a brickworks factory or stone quarry. DEST was widely successful in the exploitation of slave labor, most of whom were Jews, in the quarries. Human labor was used cruelly, becoming one of the main tenets of war crime charges in the Nuremberg Trials. The director of the program, SS-Obergruppenführer Oswald Pohl, who was stationed in Berlin, was sentenced to death for war crimes in 1947 in Nuremberg, and executed in 1951.

In 1943, DEST changed its focus from stone industry to armaments. From this time the organization played a key role, helping the SS to enter some key war industries. This was underlined by its industrial park at St. Georgen and Gusen that made the SS a key supplier of aircraft fuselages (Bf 109, Me 262), carbines and machine guns to companies like BFW, Messerschmitt and Steyr-Daimler-Puch. To run its business with the inmates of the Gusen and Mauthausen concentration camps, DEST operated its headquarters of Granitwerke Mauthausen between 1940 and 1945 in the town of Sankt Georgen an der Gusen which was its biggest and most important "Werkgruppe" (industry group).

title: German Earth and Stone Works


text:
Westside Seattle

Westside Seattle, formerly The Westside Weekly, is a weekly newspaper that serves the areas of West Seattle, Ballard, White Center, Burien, Des Moines, and SeaTac in Washington state.

History
On August 21, 2013, Robinson Newspapers announced that it would combine the Ballard News-Tribune, the Highline Times, the West Seattle Herald, and White Center News into The Westside Weekly on September 6, 2013. The name of The Westside Weekly changed to Westside Seattle in June 2017.

In 2014, Amanda Knox began writing for the paper.

On April 30, 2021, Westside Seattle published its final print issue while continuing to maintain an online presence.

title: Westside Seattle


text:
Ballard News-Tribune

The Ballard News-Tribune is a weekly newspaper serving the Ballard neighborhood of Seattle, Washington. It was founded in 1891 and has a circulation of 9,500. It is one of the Robinson Newspapers, a group of newspapers in the Seattle-Tacoma area which includes the West Seattle Herald, White Center News, Highline Times, Des Moines News, SeaTac News, and Federal Way News. It offers local news coverage from Seattle to north Tacoma.

On August 21, 2013, it was announced that the paper, along with the West Seattle Herald, White Center News, and Highline Times, would be combined into The Westside Weekly as of September 6.

title: Ballard News-Tribune


text:
Category:Epigenetics

Epigenetics has two closely related meanings:
 * The study of the processes involved in the unfolding development of an organism. This includes phenomena such as X chromosome inactivation in mammalian females, and gene silencing within an organism.
 * The study of heritable changes in gene function that occur without a change in the sequence of nuclear DNA. This includes the study of how environmental factors affecting a parent can result in changes in the way genes are expressed in the offspring.

title: Category:Epigenetics


text:
User:WegianWarrior

— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — W EGIAN W ARRIOR — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

This is my userpage, my little corner of Wikipedia. Consider yourself warned. For the most part, it serves me as a reference to what I've done so far, but feel free to browse thru it if you like.

Due to the fact that I've recently found out that I indeed had a subscription to Real Life(tm), I find myself with less spare time to devote to Wikipedia. As I'm sure you all know, a full subscription to Real Life(tm) cost a lot of both money and time, but I find it well worth pursuing. You might want to consider getting your very own Real Life(tm) at some point ;)

Please - don't edit my userpages (except my talkpage); if you see something that needs fixing / something you disagree with / plain don't like, do drop me a note on my talk page about it. Thank you.

Things you might want to know about me
Well, as I see it, there are two options here... either you know who I am, or you don't. If you do, fine. If you don't, well, read on then.

I'm a guy, 30 something, into lots of different stuff - including the following:
 * Military aircraft
 * Things that go boom!
 * History
 * Rockets and spacecraft
 * Computers
 * Firearms
 * I seem to have written a lot of articles on old Norwegian naval vessels...

I am from Norway, and work for the Royal Norwegian Air Force. That may help explain some of my interests.

I have also found the most wonderful woman in the world and married her - and since she is speaking English, my language has improved markedly.

I've been editing on Wikipedia since 22 July 2004 as a logged in editor, although I started editing shortly before with just my IP.

Why that nickname?
It's one of the two handles I uses online. Basically, it started because a friend on another board noted that In short, she started referring to me as "the 'wegian warrior", and it sort of stuck.
 * 1) I'm a 'wegian
 * 2) I'm a warrior (both by profession, and by the codes I live by)

Userboxes
See /Userboxes

Major edits
These live at /Major edits

Original articles
These lives at /Original articles

Uploaded pictures
These lives at /Uploaded pictures

Just beating my chest
Articles I've brought up / helped to bring up to featured status:
 * Krag-Jørgensen Was on the frontpage on 21 Apr 2005, requested by me. You can also see the Norwegian bokmål, Norwegian nynorsk, Polish, French, German or Japanse articles on the K-J
 * Jarmann M1884 Was on the frontpage 28th May 2006, and there is a featured article on the Polish wikipedia as well as a stub on the Norwegian wikipedia.
 * Krag-Petersson Was on the frontpage on 15 Sep 2005, requested by someone else. Intrestingly enought translated into Ido, there is also an polish translation, while there is a stub at the Norwegian Wikipedia.
 * Kammerlader Was on the frontage on 5 Nov 2005. There is a Norwegian stub, and Polish and Serbo-Croatian (?) articles on it as well.

Quick links for myself

 * Suspected sock puppets
 * Requests for checkuser
 * Administrator intervention against vandalism

 * RC - Recent changes
 * NP - New pages
 * NI - New images

 * MWR - my workshop for rewrites: sometimes you can see what I'm poking at.

 * Fringe theories/Noticeboard - actully, I read this for fun.

title: User:WegianWarrior


text:
Talk:Gentile

1st paragraph, statement about Mormon use of the term.
Mormons do NOT call "outsiders" (referred to by Mormons as "non-members") gentiles, (Mormons do not even use the term "outsiders," by the way.) nor do they ever refer to Jews and other tribes of Israel as gentiles. However, Mormons believe all gentiles, including themselves (before baptism), can be adopted into the House of Israel through baptism into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. See Mormon Doctrine, Bruce R. McConkie, "Gentile." Your reference is simply a letter to the editor! 2601:681:5A00:EF30:28FD:4168:93A:3E76 (talk) 18:04, 8 May 2023 (UTC)

 * The LDS church website is also cited. And the letter is published in one of the most prestigious academia journals. Atrapalhado (talk) 22:36, 8 May 2023 (UTC)

Israelites
Through DNA analysis it's been confirmed that certain eastern north American tribes do have the H1 genotype only found in the middle east specifically the Carthage area. Israel Judaism was looking for a lost part of a fall ritual dance they do that their ancestors had taken and moved away with. The Cherokee have a fall ritual as well. It was exactly the same as the Jewish fall ritual except one thing, they had the completed fall ritual performance. Israel has recognized them as their own and given them land in Israel. The Israelites are the native Americans. The gentiles are the white people who came an conquered the natives. Those who want to be saved can be baptized and become one with the Israelites. Our job as gentiles is to fix the mess we made by coming over here and destroying their world and lives. Mormons are to help the native Americans rebuild America. I think a little bit more unbias research could do everyone some good. 174.29.101.137 (talk) 14:50, 26 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Gentile


text:
Acetanilide

Acetanilide is an odourless solid chemical of leaf or flake-like appearance. It is also known as N-phenylacetamide, acetanil, or acetanilid, and was formerly known by the trade name Antifebrin.

Preparation and properties
Acetanilide can be produced by reacting acetic anhydride with aniline:
 * C6H5NH2 + (CH3CO)2O → C6H5NHCOCH3 + CH3COOH

The preparation used to be a traditional experiment in introductory organic chemistry lab classes, but it has now been widely replaced by the preparation of either paracetamol or aspirin, both of which teach the same practical techniques (especially recrystallization of the product) but which avoid the use of aniline, a suspected carcinogen.

Acetanilide is slightly soluble in water, and stable under most conditions. Pure crystals are plate shaped and appear colorless, white, or in between.

Applications
Acetanilide is used as an inhibitor of hydrogen peroxide decomposition and is used to stabilize cellulose ester varnishes. It has also found uses in the intermediation in rubber accelerator synthesis, dyes and dye intermediate synthesis, and camphor synthesis. Acetanilide is used for the production of 4-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride, a key intermediate for the manufacture of the sulfa drugs.

In the 19th century acetanilide was one of a large number of compounds used as experimental photographic developers.

Pharmaceutical use
Acetanilide was the first aniline derivative found to possess analgesic as well as antipyretic properties, and was quickly introduced into medical practice under the names of Antifebrin by A. Cahn and P. Hepp in 1886. But its (apparent) unacceptable toxic effects, the most alarming being cyanosis due to methemoglobinemia and ultimately liver and kidney damage, prompted the search for supposedly less toxic aniline derivatives such as phenacetin. After several conflicting results over the ensuing fifty years, it was established in 1948 that acetanilide was mostly metabolized to paracetamol (acetaminophen) in the human body, and that it was this metabolite that was responsible for the analgesic and antipyretic properties. The observed methemoglobinemia after acetanilide administration was ascribed to the small proportion of acetanilide that is hydrolyzed to aniline in the body. Acetanilide is no longer used as a drug, although the efficacy of its metabolite paracetamol (acetaminophen) is well known.

title: Acetanilide


text:
John Spratt

John McKee Spratt Jr. (born November 1, 1942) is an American politician who was the U.S. representative for SC's 5th congressional district from 1983 to 2011. The 5th Congressional District covers all or part of 14 counties in north-central South Carolina. The largest cities are Rock Hill and Sumter. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Spratt was the dean of the South Carolina congressional delegation, chairman of the U.S. House Committee on the Budget, and the second ranking Democrat on the U.S. House Committee on Armed Services, where he served on three subcommittees: Oversight and Investigations, Strategic Forces, and Air and Land Forces. In addition to his committee work, he co-chaired the Textile Caucus, the Bearing Caucus, and the Nuclear Energy Caucus.

On November 2, 2010, he lost his seat to Republican challenger Mick Mulvaney.

Early life, education and career
Spratt was born in Charlotte, North Carolina, and raised in York, South Carolina. His father founded the Bank of Fort Mill and the York law firm where he would eventually practice. His only sibling is Jane Bratton Spratt McColl, wife of Hugh McColl, former chairman and chief executive officer of Bank of America Corporation.

After graduating from York High School, he earned a bachelor's degree in history from Davidson College in 1964. He served as student body president at both schools. Spratt then earned an MA degree in philosophy, politics, and economics from Oxford University (Corpus Christi College) in 1966 while studying on a Marshall Scholarship, and an LLB degree from Yale Law School in 1969.

Spratt was a captain in the Army from 1969 to 1971, serving in the Operations Analysis Group in the office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) at the Pentagon, and was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal.

Spratt returned to York in 1971 to practice at the law firm of Spratt, McKeown, and Spratt. He was county attorney and school board attorney, and president of the Bank of Fort Mill. He also ran a small insurance agency and owned a farm in Fort Mill.

Spratt married Jane Stacy of Filbert, South Carolina. They have three daughters named Susan, Sarah, and Catherine. They also have five grandchildren named Lily, Jack, Max, Grace, and James. Spratt has long been a member of First Presbyterian Church in York, South Carolina. He has also been active in the United Way and other civic and charity organizations.

U.S. House of Representatives
For his work in Congress, Spratt won praise from Columbia's newspaper The State, which called him "one of his party's most reliable 'bridges' to the Republican side." National Journal featured him on its cover as "a stand-out" in Congress, comparing his legislative skills to the "best infielders in baseball." In a Washingtonian magazine survey, Congressional staff voted him a "Workhorse" and "House Member I'd Like to See Win the Presidency in 2008."

Spratt co-authored the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, putting the federal budget in surplus for the first time in 30 years. In 2003, Spratt engineered an amendment which shifted $30 million in the defense appropriations bill to the Airborne Laser program.

In the 111th Congress, Spratt supported legislation such as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, extension of unemployment benefits, increased infrastructure and labor workforce funding, increased federal financial aid packages, increased home foreclosure and small business assistance, reduction in estate taxes for 99.8 percent of estates, clean water legislation, health insurance reform, expansion of the State Children's Health Insurance Program, reforming of medicare payment plans, clean energy legislation, pay as you go legislation, defense authorization for the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, increased VA hospital investment.

On March 21, 2010, Spratt joined a majority of his House colleagues in approving H.R. 3590, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Senate version of the health care reform bill. As chairman of the House Budget Committee, he made the floor motion which led to the vote on the bill. "I was where the action was when the bill had to be called from the clerk's desk," he told The Herald, a Rock Hill, South Carolina newspaper. "It was like sharing a moment in history."

On March 24, 2010, Spratt was appointed to the president's National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform. In reporting on the appointment, Dow Jones Newswires called Spratt "one of the staunchest fiscal conservatives among House Democrats." One of Spratts' last acts in Congress was helping compile a 65-page report on fixing the country's financial deficit.

Political campaigns
Spratt became active in Democratic politics at an early age, and was elected delegate to the 1964 Democratic National Convention. Spratt was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1982, succeeding fellow Democrat Kenneth Holland. He was reelected 13 more times. Although parts of the district were becoming friendlier to Republican candidates at the national level, the GOP was more or less nonexistent in this part of South Carolina at the local level for some time. As evidence, Spratt only faced a Republican opponent twice from 1984 to 1992, both of those times winning easily. In 1994, however, Spratt was nearly defeated by Republican Larry Bigham, only surviving by 6,300 votes. He defeated Bigham by a slightly larger margin in 1996, but from 1998 to 2008 Spratt usually won with relatively little difficulty due to his popularity and campaigning skills.

Spratt typically stayed out of presidential politics while he was a congressman because the national party was not popular in his district. For instance, he did not endorse any candidates in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries. Nonetheless, he was rumored to be President Obama's pick as White House Budget Director; instead President Obama chose Peter R. Orszag, whom Spratt had helped hire as the director of the Congressional Budget Office.

2010
In 2010, John Spratt's re-election chances was the subject of numerous articles. He was seen as particularly vulnerable due to his ties with the Democratic party leadership, his district's double-digit unemployment rate, and the district's growing Republican base. He was defeated that year by Mick Mulvaney by a margin of 55 percent to 45 percent—one of the largest margins of defeat for an incumbent in the 2010 cycle.

Mulvaney successfully weaponized Spratt's bipartisan credentials against him during the election. He lamented that Spratt was no longer fiscally conservative like he had once been in 1997 when he helped balance the nation's budget and criticized his relationship with Nancy Pelosi. The National Republican Congressional Committee called John Spratt an "amnesiac" and stated he was forgetting what was going on in Washington. Notably, President Barack Obama flew into Charlotte with Spratt on Air Force One during the campaign. Spratt was among three Democratic U.S. House chairmen who lost that year to Tea Party candidates.

Personal life
Spratt was diagnosed in 2010 with Parkinson's disease. Since his departure from Congress, Spratt has served as Visiting Distinguished Professor of Public Policy at Winthrop University. He also serves on the board of directors of the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget. Spratt has 3 daughters and 5 grandchildren.

Committee assignments in 111th Congress

 * Committee on Armed Services
 * Subcommittee on Air and Land Forces
 * Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
 * Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
 * Committee on the Budget (chairman)

title: John Spratt


text:
Inheritance (disambiguation)

Inheritance is the transferring of property and debt upon a death to a beneficiary.

Inheritance, or The Inheritance, may also refer to:

Computer science

 * Inheritance (genetic algorithm)
 * Inheritance (object-oriented programming)

Films

 * The Inheritance, American title of the 1947 British film Uncle Silas
 * The Inheritance (1964 film), an hourlong documentary about American garment workers produced by the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, written by Millard Lampell, directed by Harold Mayer. Its theme song was sung by Pete Seeger and Judy Collins.
 * The Inheritance (1976 film), an Italian drama by Mauro Bolognini
 * The Inheritance or Fuckoffguysgoodday, a 1992 Czech comedy film by Věra Chytilová
 * The Inheritance (1997 film), an American television film starring Meredith Baxter and Tom Conti
 * Inheritance (2001 film), an Argentine drama by Paula Hernández
 * The Inheritance (2003 film), also known as Arven in Danish, by Per Fly
 * Inheritance (2006 film), documentary by James Moll about the daughter of a concentration camp commandant
 * The Inheritance (2007 film), a Scottish road film
 * Inheritance (2012 film), by Hiam Abbass
 * The Inheritance (2014 film), a documentary about Huntington's disease
 * Inheritance (2017 thriller film)
 * Inheritance (2017 drama film)
 * Inheritance (2020 film), by Vaughn Stein
 * The Inheritance (2020 film), by Ephraim Asili
 * Inheritance (2024 film), by Sylwester Jakimow
 * The Inheritance (2024 horror film), by Alejandro Brugués

Albums

 * Inheritance (Hobbs' Angel of Death album), 1995
 * Inheritance, a 2013 album by The Last Bison
 * Inheritance (Audrey Assad album), 2016

Songs

 * “Inheritance”, by Scorpions from Lonesome Crow, later covered by Iron Christ
 * “Inheritance”, by Talk Talk from Spirit of Eden, later covered by Recoil
 * “Inheritance”, by New Model Army from Thunder and Consolation
 * “Inheritance”, by Prong from the Airheads soundtrack
 * “Inheritance”, by John van Tongeren from Poltergeist: The Legacy
 * “Inheritance”, by Katatonia from Night Is the New Day
 * “The Inheritance (Green)”, by The Dear Hunter from The Color Spectrum

Science fiction and fantasy

 * The Inheritance (novel), 2001, in the Dragonlance Dungeon & Dragons setting
 * The Inheritance Cycle, a series of young-adult novels by Christopher Paolini
 * Inheritance (Paolini novel), 2011
 * Inheritance (Savile novel), 2006, set in the Warhammer 40,000 universe
 * "Inheritance" (short story), a 1947 supernatural sci-fi story by Arthur C. Clarke

Plays

 * Inheritance (play), 2003, by Hannie Rayson, set in Australia
 * The Inheritance (play), 2018, by Matthew Lopez

Other books

 * Inheritance (memoir), autobiography of American novelist Dani Shapiro
 * The Inheritance, 1849 (first published 1997), Louisa May Alcott novel
 * Inheritance, a 1932 novel by Phyllis Bentley
 * The Inheritance, a 2005 translation of a novel by Palestinian writer Sahar Khalifeh
 * The Inheritance, a 2010 novel by Simon Tolkien

Television

 * Inheritance (TV series), a 1967 British TV series
 * The Inheritance (TV series), a 2023 British TV series
 * "Inheritance" (Arrow), a 2019 episode
 * "Inheritance" (Star Trek: The Next Generation), episode first aired in 1993
 * "Inheritance" (Lassie), a 1954 premiere
 * "The Inheritance" (Mad Men), a 2008 television episode
 * "The Inheritance" (Grimm), 2014 TV episode

Visual arts

 * Inheritance (Munch), a painting by Edvard Munch

title: Inheritance (disambiguation)