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The Whitlams

The Whitlams are an Australian Indie rock band formed in late 1992. The original line-up was Tim Freedman on keyboards and lead vocals, Andy Lewis on double bass and Stevie Plunder on guitar and lead vocals. Other than mainstay Freedman, the line-up has changed numerous times. From 2001 to 2022, he was joined by Warwick Hornby on bass guitar, Jak Housden on guitar and Terepai Richmond on drums – forming the band's longest-lasting and best-known line-up. Four of their studio albums have reached the ARIA Albums Chart top 20: Eternal Nightcap (September 1997, No. 14), Love This City (November 1999, No. 3), Torch the Moon (July 2002, No. 1) and Little Cloud (March 2006, No. 4). Their highest charting singles are "Blow Up the Pokies" (May 2000) and "Fall for You" (June 2002) – both reached number 21. The group's single, "No Aphrodisiac" was listed at number one on the Triple J Hottest 100, 1997 by listeners of national radio station, Triple J. In January 1996 Stevie Plunder was found dead at the base of Wentworth Falls. Andy Lewis died in February 2000.

1992–1995: Formation and early years
Tim Freedman (ex-Penguin on Safari, Olive Branch) and Anthony Hayes a.k.a. Stevie Plunder (ex-the Plunderers, New Christs) met at the Big Day Out Sydney concert in January 1992. While missing Nirvana performing inside the arena, the two planned to form a group. The Whitlams were formed as a pop band by September that year, with Freedman on keyboards and lead vocals, Andy Lewis on double bass (also ex-The Plunderers, The Gadflys, Olive Branch) and Plunder on guitar. Freedman named the band after the former Prime Minister of Australia, Gough Whitlam,  although Plunder had sought to call themselves, 'The Three Nice Boys'. According to Freedman "I loved the family names—the Smiths, the Reivers. I thought, the Whitlams, no-one's done that. I'll be able to steal all the goodwill that Australia holds in reserve for Gough Whitlam." Initially, without a drummer, the band developed their material acoustically at the Sandringham Hotel, Newtown. Australian music critic, Ed Nimmervoll, felt that they were "a sideline band formed by two Sydney songwriters in search of a bit of extra action." In December 1992 they played a gig in Canberra supporting the Gadflys.

This line-up released their debut album, Introducing the Whitlams, in August 1993 on Black Yak/Phantom Records. The album was recorded in January and March 1993 at the Skyhigh Studios in Newcastle; for the recording sessions they used Louis Burdett and Nick Cecire on drums, with Rob Taylor producing. The album features a mix of original and cover songs, including tracks written by Justin Hayes a.k.a. Stanley Claret (Plunder's brother). The album comprises three studio tracks, five live takes and two songs from their first demo, including a tribute song to the band's namesake, "Gough", which was written by Freedman. The lead single, "Woody", detailed Woody Allen's break up with Mia Farrow and was followed by their second single, "Gough". Plunder described their sound to Naomi Mapstone of The Canberra Times, "There'd been lots of rap and lots of thrash and that's all very good, but we just have a different style of music and I think people appreciated hearing something a bit different [... it's] sort of happy, sensitive, not that loud... much more acoustic." The Canberra Times' reporter, Nicole Leedham felt it was "sublime and ridiculous, the band's bluesy, country, jazzy, punky, folky pop swings from bleeding sensitivity to drunken hilarity." Oz Music Project described the album as being "very different to later recordings, with the band sounding a little bit country and a little bit rock and roll. A far cry from the lush orchestration of recent recordings."

Stuart Eadie (The Clouds, Olive Branch) became the band's first permanent drummer. During 1993 to 1994 they performed over 300 shows along the Australian east coast. At first they travelled in Freedman's Holden Kingswood station wagon before using a tour bus, which was used for the 1994 feature film, Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. The group recorded their second album, Undeniably the Whitlams, from April to May 1994 at the 48V Studio in Sydney, with Taylor and Freedman co-producing. The songwriting for the album was shared between Freedman and Plunder, with significant contributions by Lewis. It was released by Black Yak/Phantom in February 1995 and sold approximately 8,000 copies. Ahead of the album, in October 1994, they issued a single, "Met My Match". Late that year Lewis had left to return to the Gadflys, with Mike Vidale brought in as his replacement. Their next single, "I Make Hamburgers", was released in October 1995 and received airplay on national radio stations, including Triple J.

1996–2000: Eternal Nightcap and Love This City
The Whitlams' "I Make Hamburgers" was listed on the Triple J Hottest 100, 1996 on Australia Day (26 January). That same day, Stevie Plunder was found dead at the base of Wentworth Falls; according to Nimmervoll, he was "either the victim of suicide, or of an accidental fall after a night out." The death of Plunder was the make it or break it moment for the band. After several months Freedman reformed the Whitlams with new members; another round of line-up changes occurred later in that year. In August 1996 they issued a nine-track live EP, Stupor Ego, with material recorded from performances at the Harbourside Brasserie in mid-1994 and at Goosens Hall on 30 July 1995 (part of national radio station Triple J's 'Real Appeal' broadcast), with the earlier three-piece line-up of Freedman, Lewis and Plunder.

The Whitlams recorded their third album, Eternal Nightcap, with Freedman and Taylor co-producing. Freedman "chose musicians to fit each song, rather than have the same band through the whole album." The album was recorded on an extremely limited budget of $18,000. In a later interview Freedman reflects "The band became a revolving door because I had no money to pay anyone. I actually made the album, Eternal Nightcap, during that most difficult period, that was a really tough year in which to keep my focus and keep my head up, but it ended in September 1997 when I put the record out and it just started selling itself." Jonathan Lewis of AllMusic described it as being " full of gentle, well-crafted, piano-driven pop songs." Singles from the album include "You Sound Like Louis Burdett" (May 1997), "Melbourne" (January 1998) and "No Aphrodisiac" (February).

"No Aphrodisiac" was released independently by Freedman's own label, had no film clip, no commercial radio airplay and no marketing budget however it reached the top 60 on the ARIA Singles Chart, and top 50 in New Zealand. "No Aphrodisiac" sold more than 80,000 copies and was listed at number one in the Triple J Hottest 100, 1997. The success of the single translated into sales of over 200,000 copies of the album, with it peaking at No. 14 on the ARIA Albums Chart in February 1998. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1998 The Whitlams won Best Independent Release (for Eternal Nightcap), Song of the Year (for "No Aphrodisiac") and Best Group. The 'Best Group' award was presented by Gough Whitlam, who announced the winners as "It's my family". At the conclusion of the ARIA Awards ceremony the Whitlams performed a cover of the Skyhooks' "Women in Uniform", this was subsequently released in March 1999 as a limited edition single. In mid-1999 the group signed a distribution deal with Warner Music Australasia, and toured Canada.

The group's fourth studio album, Love This City, was released in November 1999, which peaked at No. 3 on the ARIA Albums Chart. It was recorded with the line-up of Freedman with Ben Fink on guitar, Bill Heckenberg on drums and Cottco Lovett on bass guitar, together with a large cast of guest musicians including Marcia Hines, Jackie Orszaczky, Chris Abrahams, Garry Gary Beers and members of Machine Gun Fellatio. The album had four producers: Freedman, Taylor, Daniel Denholm and Joe Hardy and was recorded in Sydney and Memphis (a reflection of the considerably larger budget that Freedman had to work with). The three singles from the album "Thank You (For Loving Me at My Worst)" (January 2000), "Blow Up the Pokies" (May) and "Made Me Hard" (September 2001) all charted in the top 100 singles charts in Australia. "Blow Up the Pokies" was their highest charting single – it peaked at No. 21.

AllMusic's Jonathan Lewis compared Love This City to their previous album, "this disc is less cohesive, covering a wide range of subject matter. The song style is different here, too, as Freedman allows his piano to take a back seat to guitars or brass on a number of tracks. The city of the title is Sydney, and many of these songs relate to its changing face." He described "You Gotta Love This City" as "less-than-complimentary reaction to the commercialism of the Olympic Games" and "Blow Up the Pokies" as detailing the "infiltration of gambling machines into suburban bars and clubs." Nimmervoll described how the album "was again recorded in a number of studios, with a changed line-up, leaning on the same and new songwriting collaborations. It couldn't match the emotional charge that came with Eternal Nightcap but did enough to ensure The Whitlams' survival."

Former founding member, Andy Lewis committed suicide in Sydney in February 2000. A month after Lewis' death a benefit concert was held at the Metro club in Sydney to raise money for his wife and child. The event was hosted by Paul McDermott, Mikey Robins and Steve Abbott (The Sandman), and performers included Max Sharam, and The Gadflys. During the Whitlam's Canadian tour in April, supporting Blue Rodeo, they received word that Lewis was dead. "Blow Up the Pokies" had been co-written by Freedman and Greta Gertler before Lewis' death – as a statement about the destruction in Lewis' life due to gambling. Freedman wrote "The Curse Stops Here" to describe being the 'last one' of the original line-up and voicing his determination to survive. "The Curse Stops Here" was included as a B-side track on the single version of "Blow Up the Pokies".

During the broadcast of the 2000 Sydney Olympics in September, the Whitlams' track, "Sydney 2000 Olympic Theme", was played – it is a B-side from their 1995 single, "I Make Hamburgers". The track was reworked as "You Gotta Love This City" on Love This City. Its choice for the Sydney Olympics is an irony, as the song's protagonist commits suicide by jumping in the Harbour at the end of the song, disgusted at the city's crass pursuit of money: It dawns on him / The horror / We got the Olympic Games.

2001–2006: Torch the Moon and Little Cloud
Torch the Moon, the Whitlams' fifth studio album, was released in July 2002, which debuted at No. 1. ARIA Reported that the group are "one of the great underdog success stories of recent Aussie rock history, [they] have immortalized themselves, by becoming the latest Australian act to debut at # 1." For the album the line-up were Freedman with Warwick Hornby on bass guitar (ex-Max Sharam, Paul Mac), Jak Housden (ex-the Badloves) on guitar and Terepai Richmond (dig, Tina Arena) on drums. The producers were Denholm and Atomica. Clayton Bolger of AllMusic described the "strong album from a promising lineup" which "only falls when the band significantly stray from their classic rock/pop sound."

It provided the singles "Fall for You" (June 2002, which became their equal highest single at No. 21), "Best Work" (September, No. 35), "Royal in the Afternoon" (July 2003, No. 66) and their cover version of Icehouse's "Don't Believe Anymore" (February, No. 47). Another track on the album, "I Will not Go Quietly (Duffy's Song)", had been written and performed by Freedman for the Australian TV series, Love Is a Four Letter Word, "Episode 21: Oval" (June 2001).

The band's sixth studio album, Little Cloud (consisting of two CDs: Little Cloud and The Apple's Eye), was released on 19 March 2006 in Australia, which peaked at No. 4. Ian Hockley of Beyond the Pale website described the "return to basics with few overdubs and often just a voice and piano base" where the first disc "deals with John Howard's re-election and the bleak feelings that event engendered" and the second one "is more hopeful and life-affirming with bigger, more elaborate productions." Several tracks received considerable airplay, including "I Was Alive". Three of the songs on the album have been released as radio-only singles, with a fourth, "Beautiful as You", released as a CD single.

The album was followed up with almost non-stop touring around Australia, including performances at political and university events. Freedman released Little Cloud outside Australia under his own name. The band made the news in September 2006 when, for political reasons, Freedman refused to perform to troops in Iraq, he told Peter Holmes of The Sunday Telegraph, "I was asked, and decided not to go. ... I went to East Timor and enjoyed the experience. I understand how hard the soldiers do it. In this instance, I don't agree with the war."

2007–2010: Sydney Symphony to Truth, Beauty and a Picture of You
The Whitlams performed an orchestral tour from September to November 2007, performing shows with the Sydney Symphony, the Adelaide Symphony Orchestra, the West Australian Symphony Orchestra and The Queensland Orchestra. In mid-2008 they gave away 700,000 copies of The Whitlams & The Sydney Symphony Live in Concert, as a free CD with various newspapers: The Sunday Telegraph (1 June), The Australian (26 July) and The Mercury. It contains material from their four live performances with the Sydney Symphony at the Sydney Opera House in the previous September.

The Whitlams released a compilation album, Truth, Beauty and a Picture of You in August 2008, which peaked at No. 3. As part of it promotion the group performed on TV programs including Nine's Footy Show (NRL), Seven's Sunrise and The Morning Show. The Whitlams performed with the Sydney Symphony in 2009 to celebrate the 12th anniversary of the release of their breakthrough album, Eternal Nightcap.

2011–2016: Australian Idle
From 2011 to 2013 the Whitlams were on hiatus. On 11 November 2011 (the anniversary of Gough Whitlam's dismissal), Freedman released a solo album, Australian Idle, which featured his new backing band The Idle. The line-up was Heath Cullen on guitar, Zoe Hauptmann on bass guitar, Dave Hibbard on drums and Amy Vee on guitar and keyboards. The Whitlams reunited in 2013, with a performance schedule reduced to around four weeks each year. They performed an outdoor concert with West Australian artist, Jason Ayres, in March 2015 at the Mundaring Weir Hotel

2017–present: Anniversary tours, Sancho, Hornby's departure and Kookaburra
To celebrate the 25th anniversary of the band, the Whitlams performed six shows with the symphony orchestras of each capital city in Australia for an Anniversary tour. Taking place in April and May 2017, the tour visited Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney, Perth, Canberra and Adelaide. In each city, they were backed by a 50-piece orchestra using performers from each city. Tim Freedman said that "It is an honour to play with these musicians who in some cases have been playing their instruments since they were in the womb."

In 2020, the band released their first new song in almost 15 years, "Ballad of Bertie Kidd". The six-minute song was written from the perspective of a would-be criminal, enlisted by Kidd for an art gallery heist in Gosford. The single was later revealed to be the lead single from the band's seventh album, Sancho, which was released on 28 January 2022. A further four singles were released from the album: "Man About a Dog", "(You're Making Me Feel Like I'm) 50 Again", "Cambridge Three" and "Nobody Knows I Love You".

In April 2022, Freedman launched a country music off-shoot of the band, billed as The Whitlams Black Stump Band. The band is composed of Freedman, Richmond, banjo player Rod McCormack, pedal steel player Ollie Thorpe and bassist Matt Fell. Freedman began the project after discovering that "Man About a Dog" had been added to country radio. A new version of "No Aphrodisiac" by the Black Stump Band was released in July.

In June 2022, the band announced a 25th anniversary tour for Eternal Nightcap. With the announcement came the band's first line-up change since 2001: the departure of bassist Warwick Hornby, who was replaced by Sancho session bassist Ian Peres. In a statement shared to the band's social media, Freedman confirmed that Hornby had retired:

"We would like to announce the retirement from live performance of our rock on the bass Warwick Hornby, who joined The Whitlams at the same time as Terepai in 1999. Warwick is seeking more of the quiet life on the couch with his bulging vinyl collection, [or] on the golf course with his two wood, and is looking forward to watching the band live for the first time this September at The Enmore Theatre. Look for him in the stalls. Thanks for all the good times Waz, and for all the memories from London to Montreal, and New York to Broome."

In May 2023, the band announced a national tour for October that saw them focus on the early years of The Whitlams' material, between 1993 and 1997. To replicate the sound of these albums, the band was joined by double bassist Scott Owen of The Living End.

In February 2024, it was announced that The Whitlams Black Stump Band had changed its name to The Whitlams Black Stump, and would release the album Kookaburra in March 2024.

Current members

 * Tim Freedman – lead vocals, piano, keyboards (1991–2011, 2013–present)
 * Terepai Richmond – drums, backing vocals (1999–2011, 2013–present)
 * Jak Housden – guitar, backing vocals (2001–2011, 2013–present)
 * Ian Peres – bass, keyboards, backing vocals (2022–present)

Former members

 * Stevie Plunder – guitar, lead and backing vocals (1991–1996; died 1996)
 * Andy Lewis – double bass, backing vocals (1991–1994, 1996; died 2000)
 * Stu Eadie – drums (1993–1994)
 * Michael Vidale – bass (1994–1996, 1996–1997)
 * Louis Burdett – drums (1994–1995)
 * Hanuman Daas – drums (1995)
 * Michael Richards – drums (1995–1996)
 * Oscar Briz – guitar (1996)
 * Tim Hall – guitar, backing and lead vocals (1996–1997)
 * Bill Heckenberg – drums (1996–1999)
 * Chris Abrahams – keyboards (1996–1998)
 * Ben Fink – guitar (1997–2001)
 * Cottco Lovett – bass (1997–1998)
 * Clayton Doley – keyboards (1998–1999)
 * Alex Hewitson – bass (1999)
 * Mike Gubb – keyboards (1999–2002)
 * Warwick Hornby – bass, backing vocals (1999–2011, 2013–2022)
 * Scott Owen – double bass, backing vocals (2023–2024, touring)

Discography

 * as The Whitlams
 * Introducing The Whitlams (1993)
 * Undeniably The Whitlams (1995)
 * Eternal Nightcap (1997)
 * Love This City (1999)
 * Torch the Moon (2002)
 * Little Cloud (2006)
 * Sancho (2022)

 * as The Whitlams Black Stump
 * Kookaburra (2024)

APRA Music Awards
The APRA Awards are held in Australia and New Zealand by the Australasian Performing Right Association to recognise songwriting skills, sales and airplay performance by its members annually.

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. The Whitlams have won three ARIA Music Awards from fourteen nominations.

Helpmann Awards
The Helpmann Awards is an awards show, celebrating live entertainment and performing arts in Australia, presented by industry group Live Performance Australia since 2001. Note: 2020 and 2021 were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

! Ref.
 * 2008 || The Whitlams with the Sydney Symphony || Best Performance in an Australian Contemporary Concert || Nominated || |
 * 2008 || The Whitlams with the Sydney Symphony || Best Performance in an Australian Contemporary Concert || Nominated || |

Mo Awards
The Australian Entertainment Mo Awards (commonly known informally as the Mo Awards), were annual Australian entertainment industry awards. They recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia from 1975 to 2016. The Whitlams won one award in that time. (wins only)
 * 1997
 * The Whitlams
 * Rock Performer of the Year
 * Won
 * Won

Triple J
The Triple J Hottest 100 is an annual music listener poll hosted by the publicly-funded, national Australian youth radio station, Triple J.

Triple J Hottest 100

Triple J Hottest 100 of All Time

title: The Whitlams


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Minchinhampton

Minchinhampton is a Cotswolds market town and a civil parish in the Stroud District of Gloucestershire, South West England. The town is located on a hilltop, 4 mi south-east of Stroud. The common offers wide views over the Severn Estuary into Wales and further into the Cotswolds. It is an ancient town which was recorded in the Domesday Book.

Toponymy
The place-name 'Minchinhampton' is first attested as Hantone in the Domesday Book of 1086. It appears as Minchenhamtone in the Assize Rolls of 1221. The name was originally the Old English Heatun, meaning "high town or settlement". The additional element is the Old English mynecen, meaning a nun, which is related to the modern word "monk". Minchinhampton at one time belonged to the nunnery in Caen in Normandy, France. Thus the name means "the nuns' high town or settlement". On a map of 1825 (published 1828) the town is labelled "Minching-Hampton" (see external links).

Amenities and features
The main square has a war memorial, and a 17th-century Market House, given to the town in 1919 by the Lord of the Manor, Lt Col. H. G. Ricardo, and restored in 1944.

A market is held on the first Saturday of each month. There is a twice-yearly craft fair at Gatcombe and an annual summer visit by Gifford's Circus. Minchinhampton Country Fayre is held every other year in the High Street.

The small high street includes Henry's Dairy, The Kitchen coffee shop, and a corner shop. There is also a post office, and Boots pharmacy.

Horse trials
Minchinhampton is near to the main home of the Princess Royal, Gatcombe Park, which hosts the Gatcombe Horse Trials in late summer each year.

Rugby
The rugby club has three adult teams, minis and juniors from under 6 to under 16, and a large touch-rugby section. Minchinhampton RFC plays in the league Gloucester 2 North. In 2014, the club's players were joined by Gatcombe Park resident Mike Tindall, a 2003 Rugby World Cup winner and ex-England and Gloucester RFC rugby international married to Zara Phillips, the daughter of the Princess Royal.

Golf
Minchinhampton Golf Club has three courses. The Cherington and Avening courses lie near villages of the same names, south-east of Minchinhampton. The Old Course is on Minchinhampton Common.

Tennis
The Minchinhampton Tennis Club is situated on the Stuart Playing Fields in Minchinhampton. The Team often competes in regional/national events.

Governance
The Minchinhampton electoral ward stretches eastwards to Aston Down. It had a population of 4,357 according to the 2011 census. The town is twinned with Nkokoto, Tanzania.

Churches
Minchinhampton has two places of worship: the Anglican parish church of the Holy Trinity Church, and Minchinhampton Baptist Church.

The spire of the parish church was pulled down for safety reasons in 1563, after the nave arches supporting it were found to be failing. The stub was then surmounted by a coronet structure. James Bradley, the third Astronomer Royal, was buried in the churchyard of Holy Trinity in 1762.

Minchinhampton Baptist Church in Tetbury Street dates from 1834. The original Chapel Lane Baptist chapel dating from 1765 is now a private house.

The Common
Minchinhampton Common is a Site of Special Scientific Interest. It offers an area of 580 acre for walkers and golfers. It has been owned by the National Trust since 1913, but only managed by it since 2000. The Common is also used as grazing for cows and horses from May to October. It has long, parallel ditches and mounds known as the Bulwarks, which formed part of a large Iron Age fort. There are wide views from the Common, west over the Severn estuary into Wales, and east to the Golden Valley and further into the Cotswolds.

The limestone Longstone of Minchinhampton is supposedly the burial site of a Danish leader. As a standing stone it more probably dates back to the Bronze Age.

Aston Down
Minchinhampton is close to the former Royal Air Force airfield, Aston Down, formerly a major employer, but now closed and used only for gliding. In 2005, after a Freedom of Information request, the local newspaper revealed that Aston Down is contaminated with arsenic, hydrocarbons and radium. Since the site lies above a vulnerable aquifer, local residents have formed an Aston Down Action Group aimed at persuading local and central government agencies to implement more stringent safety regulations.

Discoveries
One of the world's oldest tyrannosaurs, Proceratosaurus, was excavated from Minchinhampton reservoir. The only known example of it is now in the Natural History Museum, London.

Notable residents
In birth order:
 * James Bradley (1693–1762), astronomer and university professor, was buried here. His grave is marked by the James Bradley Monument in Minchinhampton Church.
 * Mary Deverell (1731–1805), religious writer and poet, was born and buried here.
 * Jolly John Nash (1828–1901), born here and became a music hall entertainer in London.
 * Flora Annie Steel (1847–1929), writer, died in Minchinhampton.
 * Aubrey Mather (1885–1958), actor who appeared in many British and American films, was born here.
 * Jenny Joseph (1932–2018), poet, lived in the town.
 * Anne, Princess Royal (born 1950), lives in Gatcombe Park.
 * Keith Allen (born 1953), actor, lives in the parish.
 * Robert Addie (1960–2003), actor – his ashes are interred in Holy Trinity churchyard.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Minchinhampton


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Vandalism Templates

Strange vandalism-related templates with no apparent purpose (certainly none of them are used anywhere). —Stormie 11:31, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete - All pointless, especially the last one. Do we need a Templates for deletion? TPK 11:36, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * I wasn't sure if this was the right place - I was a bit wary about putting the VFD boilerplate in a template, since that will make any page that includes that template appear on Category:Pages on votes for deletion. But since nothing was using them, I went ahead with it. —Stormie 12:08, Aug 2, 2004 (UTC)
 * They don't seem to have any purpose. Really, what is a "THis page is NOT being vandalised by me" template supposed to be for? Delete. -- Cyrius|✎ 19:38, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Agreed, these are unnecesary. Tons of articles have been vandalized at some point in their past, it would be ridiculous to mark them all with a template. Regarding the second to last one, constant vandalism can be reported on the Vandalism in progress page. - Eisnel 21:03, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * only ones currently being vandailised and can you please remove the orr at least the infobox1 template that shows up with the info box on my user page.--Ryan B.  (Talk, contributions)  09:00, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * oh and ps now my user page is in the catogory votes for deletion, thanks,no, well then i understand that you wouldn't know if its in use or not.--Ryan B. (Talk, contributions)  09:03, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete, vandalism should be reverted or deleted, not have templates added to it. --Michael Snow 23:42, 5 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Sreejith p menon

Welcome
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Again, welcome! - Rrjanbiah 11:32, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sreejith p menon


text:
Talk:Central Luzon

Question

 * saan ko matatagpuan ang mga bayan sa NCR? Ayon sa aming takdang-aralin, hanapin daw namin ang mga bayan ng NCR.
 * Ang NCR ay ang Metro Manila. --seav 16:05, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Citations and References
(1) "Central Luzon, Region III, Philippines". flagspot.net. (2) "Region III, Central Luzon, Geographical Location". evis.net.ph. (3) "REGION III (Central Luzon)". National Statistical Coordination Board. (4) "EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 103, December 24, 1986". Supreme Court E-Library. --Wakowako (talk) 06:33, 14 June 2012 (UTC)
 * Added four (4) citations/references for verification.

External links modified
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I have just modified 3 one external links on Central Luzon. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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 * Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110429190752/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listcity.asp to http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listcity.asp

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Languages in regional articles
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title: Talk:Central Luzon


text:
Columella

Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (, Arabic: ) was a prominent Roman writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire.

His De re rustica in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the works of Cato the Elder and Marcus Terentius Varro, both of which he occasionally cites. A smaller book on trees, De arboribus, is usually attributed to him.

In 1794 the Spanish botanists José Antonio Pavón Jiménez and Hipólito Ruiz López named a genus of Peruvian asterid Columellia in his honour.

Life
Little is known of Columella's life. He was probably born in Gades, Hispania Baetica (modern Cádiz), possibly to Roman parents. After a career in the army (he was tribune in Syria in 35 AD), he turned to farming his estates at Ardea, Carseoli, and Alba in Latium.

De re rustica
In ancient times, Columella's work "appears to have been but little read", cited only by Pliny the Elder, Servius, Cassiodorus, and Isidorus, and having fallen "into almost complete neglect" after Palladius published an abridgement of it.

This book is presented as advice to a certain Publius Silvinus. Previously known only in fragments, the complete book was among those discovered in monastery libraries in Switzerland and France by Poggio Bracciolini and his assistant Bartolomeo di Montepulciano during the Council of Constance, between 1414 and 1418.

Structure of De re rustica ("On Agriculture"):
 * soils
 * viticulture
 * fruits
 * olive trees
 * big animals: cattle, horses and mules
 * small animals: asses, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs
 * fish and fowl: chickens, doves, thrushes, peacocks, Numidian chicken and guineafowl, geese, ducks, fish ponds
 * wild animals: enclosures for wild animals, beekeeping, production of honey and wax
 * gardens
 * personnel management
 * calendars
 * household management

Book 10 is written entirely in dactylic hexameter verse, in imitation of, or homage to, Virgil. It may initially have been intended to be the concluding volume, books 11 and 12 being perhaps an addition to the original scheme.

A complete, but anonymous, translation into English was published by Andrew Millar in 1745. Excerpts had previously been translated by Richard Bradley.

De arboribus
The short work De arboribus, "On Trees", is in manuscripts and early editions of Columella considered as book 3 of De re rustica. However, it is clear from the opening sentences that it is part of a separate and possibly earlier work. As the anonymous translator of the Millar edition notes, in De arboribus there is no mention of the Publius Silvinus to whom the De re rustica is addressed. A recent critical edition of the Latin text of the De re rustica includes it, but as incerti auctoris, by an unknown hand. Cassiodorus mentions sixteen books of Columella, which has led to the suggestion that De arboribus formed part of a work in four volumes.

Editions
The earliest editions of Columella group his works with those on agriculture of Cato the Elder, Varro and Palladius. Some modern library catalogues follow Brunet in listing these under "Rei rusticae scriptores" or "Scriptores rei rusticae".

 * Iunii Moderati Columellae hortulus [Rome: Printer of Silius Italicus, c. 1471] (book X only)
 * Georgius Merula, Franciscus Colucia (eds.) De re rustica Opera et impensa Nicolai Ienson: Venetiis, 1472.
 * Lucii Iunii Moderati Columellae de Cultu hortorum Liber .xi. quem .Pub. Virgilius .M. i[n] Georgicis Posteris edendum dimisit. [Padova]: D[ominicus] S[iliprandus], [ca. 1480]
 * Opera Agricolationum: Columellæ: Varronis: Catonisque: nec non Palladii: cū excriptionibus .D. Philippi Beroaldi: & commentariis quæ in aliis impressionibus non extāt''. Impensis Benedicti hectoris: Bonon., xiii. calen. octob. [19 Sept.], 1494
 * Beroaldo, Filippo "il vecchio" Oratio de felicitate habita in enarratione Georgicon Virgilii et Columellae Bononiae: per Ioannemantonium De Benedictis, 1507
 * Lucii Junii moderati Columell[ae] de cultu hortorum carme[n] : Necno[n] [et] Palladius de arboru[m] insitione una cu[m] Nicolai Barptholomaei Lochensis hortulo. Parisiis: Venundantur parisiis in aedibus Radulphi Laliseau [printed by Jean Marchant], [1512] (poetry sections only)
 * Columella, Lucius Iunius Moderatus Columella De cultu ortorum. Interprete Pio Bononiensi. Impressum Bononiae: a Hieronymo de Benedictis bibliopola et calcographo, 1520 mense Augusto
 * Libri De Re Rustica...Additis Nuper Commentariis Iunii Pompo. Fortunati in Librum De Cultu Hortorum, Cum Adnotationibus Philippi Beroaldi... Florence: Filippo Giunta, 1521
 * De re rustica libri XII. Euisdem de Arboris liber, separatus ab aliis. Lyon, Sébastien Gryphe, 1541
 * Columella, Lucius Iunius Moderatus De l'agricoltura libri XII. / Lutio Giunio Moderato Columella. Trattato de gli alberi, tradotto nuouamente di latino in lingua italiana per Pietro Lauro Modonese In Venetia: [Michele Tramezzino il vecchio], 1544
 * Les Douze livres des choses rustiques. Traduicts de Latin en François, par feu maistre Claude Cotereau Chanoine de Paris. La traduction duquel ha esté soingneusement reveue & en la plupart corrigée, & illustrée de doctes annotations par maistre Jean Thierry de Beauvoisis Paris: Jacques Kerver, 1551, 1555
 * Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus Les douze liures ... des choses rustiques, tr. par C. Cotereau. La tr. corrigée & illustrée de doctes annotations par J. Thiery de Beauoisis Paris, 1555
 * Columella, Lucius Iunius Moderatus Lutio Giunio Moderato Columella De l'agricoltura libri XII. Trattato de gli alberi del medesimo, tradotto nuouamente di latino in lingua italiana per Pietro Lauro modonese. In Venetia: per Geronimo Caualcalouo, 1559
 * Reprinted: In Venetia: appresso Nicolò Beuilacqua, 1564
 * Orsini, Fulvio Notae ad M. Catonem, M. Varronem, L. Columellam de re rustica. Ad kalend. rusticum Farnesianum & veteres inscriptiones Fratrum Arvalium. Iunius Philargyrius in Bucolica & Georgica Virgilij. Notae ad Servium in Bucol. Georg. & Aeneid. Virg. Velius Longus de orthographia : ex bibliotheca Fulvi Ursini Romae: in aedib. S.P.Q.R. apud Georgium Ferrarium, 1587
 * Bradley, Richard A Survey of the Ancient Husbandry and Gardening collected from Cato, Varro, Columella, Virgil, and others, the most eminent writers among the Greeks & Romans: wherein many of the most difficult passages in those authors are explain'd ... Adorn'd with cuts, etc. London: B. Motte, 1725
 * Gesner, Johann Matthias (ed.) Scriptores Rei Rusticae veteres Latini Cato, Varro, Columella, Palladius, quibus nunc accedit Vegetius de Mulo-Medicina et Gargilii Martialis fragmentum (Ausoni Popinæ De instrumento fundi liber. J. B. Morgagni epist. IV.) cum editionibus prope omnibus et MSS. pluribus collati: adjectae notae virorum clariss, integræ ... et lexicon Rei Rusticae curante Io. Matthia Gesnero Lipsiae: sumtibus Caspari Fritsch, 1735 (full text)
 * Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (trans. Anon.) L. Junius Moderatus Columella of Husbandry, in Twelve Books: and his book, concerning Trees. Translated into English, with illustrations from Pliny, Cato, Varro, Palladius and other ancient and modern authors London: A. Millar, 1745

title: Columella


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Duncan Lamont

Duncan William Ferguson Lamont (17 June 1918 – 19 December 1978) was a British actor. Born in Lisbon, Portugal, and brought up in Scotland, he had a long and successful career in film and television, appearing in a variety of high-profile productions.

Career
He trained as an actor at RADA in London. He had a considerable amount of stage experience before World War II. He acted in repertory and at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon. He entered films in the early 1950s.

On film, he appeared in The Adventures of Quentin Durward (1955, as the villain De La Marck), The 39 Steps (1959, as Kennedy), Ben-Hur (1959, as Marius, an associate of Messala), Mutiny on the Bounty (1962, as John Williams), Arabesque (1966, as Kyle Webster) and Battle of Britain (1969, as Flight Sergeant Arthur). Lamont is particularly memorable in his role as the wry, urbane Viceroy in Jean Renoir's The Golden Coach (1952).

From 1958 to 1960, Lamont was a semi-regular as David MacMorris in the CBS western television series, The Texan, starring Rory Calhoun.

Lamont also appeared in guest roles in a range of popular British programmes from the 1950s to the 1970s, including The Adventures of Robin Hood, Dixon of Dock Green, Danger Man, The Avengers, Callan, Secret Army, Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased), The Persuaders! and Doctor Who.

In 1953, he appeared in the major role of astronaut Victor Carroon in Nigel Kneale's ground-breaking BBC science-fiction serial The Quatermass Experiment, and fourteen years later returned to the series when he played the role of Sladden in the Hammer Films version of the third serial, Quatermass and the Pit.

He died in 1978 in Tunbridge Wells, Kent, of a heart attack at the age of 60. He was working at the time on "Hostage", an episode of the BBC science-fiction series Blake's 7. Although he had completed location work for the episode, he died before the studio scenes had been shot, necessitating a re-mount of the location material performed by his replacement John Abineri.

He was married to the Irish actress Patricia Driscoll until his death in 1978. They had two children together.

Filmography

 * Waterfront (1950) - 3rd Engineer On Ship (uncredited)
 * The Woman in Question (1950) - Barney (uncredited)
 * She Shall Have Murder (1950) - Police Sergeant
 * The Galloping Major (1951) - 2nd Trainer
 * There Is Another Sun (1951) - Policeman (uncredited)
 * The Man in the White Suit (1951) - Harry
 * Song of Paris (1952) - Undetermined Role (uncredited)
 * Emergency Call (1952) - Police Constable
 * The Lost Hours (1952) - Bristow
 * The Night Won't Talk (1952) - Sergeant Robbins
 * The Golden Coach (1952) - Ferdinand, Le Viceroy
 * The Final Test (1953) - Unpleasant Pub Customer (uncredited)
 * The Intruder (1953) - Donald Cope
 * The End of the Road (1953) - Barney
 * Meet Mr. Malcolm (1954) - Superintendent Simmons
 * Time Is My Enemy (1954) - Inspector Charles Wayne
 * The Teckman Mystery (1954) - Insp. Hilton
 * The Passing Stranger (1954) - Fred
 * Burnt Evidence (1954) - Jack Taylor
 * Passage Home (1955) - 1st Mate Llewllyn
 * Strike (1955, TV film)
 * The Adventures of Quentin Durward (1955) - Count William De La Marck
 * The Baby and the Battleship (1956) - Master-at-Arms
 * High Flight (1957) - Weapons Corporal
 * A Tale of Two Cities (1958) - Ernest Defarge
 * I Was Monty's Double (1958) - Wing Cdr. Bates
 * The 39 Steps (1959) - Kennedy
 * Ben-Hur (1959) - Marius (uncredited)
 * A Touch of Larceny (1959) - 1st Special Branch man Gregson
 * A Circle of Deception (1960) - Jules Burlard
 * The Queen's Guards (1961) - Wilkes
 * Sodom and Gomorrah (1962)
 * Mutiny on the Bounty (1962) - John Williams
 * Panic (1963) - Inspector Saunders
 * Murder at the Gallop (1963) - Hillman
 * The Scarlet Blade (1963) - Maj. Bell
 * The Devil-Ship Pirates (1964) - The Bosun
 * The Evil of Frankenstein (1964) - Chief of Police
 * Coast of Skeletons (1964) - Charlie Singer (voice, uncredited)
 * The Brigand of Kandahar (1965) - Colonel Drewe
 * The Murder Game (1965) - Inspector Telford
 * Arabesque (1966) - Webster
 * The Witches (1966) - Bob Curd
 * Frankenstein Created Woman (1967) - The Prisoner
 * Quatermass and the Pit (1967) - Sladden
 * The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1968, TV Movie) - Sergeant Grimes
 * Decline and Fall... of a Birdwatcher (1968) - Inspector Bruce
 * Battle of Britain (1969) - Flight Sgt. Arthur
 * Burke & Hare (1971) - Dr. Saint
 * Pope Joan (1972) - 1st Wounded Soldier
 * Nothing But the Night (1973) - Dr. Knight
 * The Creeping Flesh (1973) - Inspector
 * Doctor Who (1974) - Death to the Daleks - Dan Galloway
 * Poldark (1975) - Bartholomew Tregirls
 * Escape from the Dark (1976)
 * Robin's Nest (1976) - Mr MacGregor

title: Duncan Lamont


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Battle of Bordeaux (1938 FIFA World Cup)

The Battle of Bordeaux (Bitva u Bordeaux, Batalha de Bordéus, Bataille de Bordeaux) is an informal name for the World Cup football match between Brazil and Czechoslovakia on 12 June 1938 in the Parc Lescure in Bordeaux, France, one of the quarter-finals of the 1938 World Cup finals. The match had a series of brutal fouls by both sides, due to the lax officiating of Hungarian referee Pál von Hertzka.

Overview
At the match, which also opened the rebuilt Stade du Parc Lescure, Brazil took the lead 1–0, with Czechoslovakia equalizing on a penalty kick for ball handling by Domingos da Guia. The Brazilian Zezé Procópio was sent off after fourteen minutes. The Brazilian Arthur Machado and the Czechoslovak Jan Říha were sent off just before full time. It was the first time that three players were sent off in a World Cup match, a record that was equaled at the Battle of Berne 1954 between Hungary and Brazil, and exceeded at the 2006 World Cup match between Portugal and Netherlands. Captain František Plánička and Oldřich Nejedlý from Czechoslovakia suffered a broken right arm and right leg respectively in the mayhem. Their teammate Josef Košťálek was injured in the stomach.

The match was drawn 1–1 after 90 minutes of full-time, and a 30-minute extra time had to be played. Nejedlý had abandoned the game before the end of regulation time due to his injury, but Plánička stayed at the Czechoslovak goal in pain through the rest of the second half and the extra time. Three other Brazilians, including Leônidas and Perácio, also left the field with injuries.

The match eventually ended 1–1 after extra time, and had to be replayed 2 days later, with both teams having to field several reserves. Brazil won the replay 2–1, eliminating Czechoslovakia and advancing to semifinals, where they faced eventual champions Italy.


text: Talk:HMS Victory

title: Talk:HMS Victory


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Catastrophe

Catastrophe or catastrophic comes from the Greek κατά (kata) = down; στροφή (strophē) = turning (καταστροφή). It may refer to the following:

A general or specific event

 * Disaster, a devastating event
 * The Asia Minor Catastrophe, a Greek name for the 1923 Greek defeat at the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) and the population exchange between Greece and Turkey after the defeat
 * The Holocaust, also known by the Hebrew name HaShoah which translates to "The Catastrophe"
 * The Chernobyl Catastrophe, a name of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster
 * Blue sky catastrophe, a type of bifurcation of a periodic orbit, where the orbit vanishes into the blue sky
 * Catastrophic failure, complete failure of a system from which recovery is impossible (e.g. a bridge collapses)
 * Climatic catastrophe, forced transition of climate system to a new climate state at a rate which is more rapid than the rate of change of the external forcing
 * Ecological catastrophe, a disaster to the natural environment due to human activity
 * Error catastrophe, extinction of an organism as a result of excessive mutations
 * The Ikiza, which translates to the catastrophe from Kirundi
 * Impending climatic catastrophe, conjectured runaway climate change resulting from a rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system
 * Infrared catastrophe or infrared divergence is a situation in particle physics in which a particular integral diverges
 * Iron catastrophe, runaway melting of early Earth's interior as a result of potential energy release from sinking iron and nickel melted by heat of radioactive decay
 * Late Bronze Age collapse
 * Malthusian catastrophe, prediction of a forced return to subsistence-level conditions once population growth has outpaced agricultural production
 * Mitotic catastrophe, an event in which a cell is destroyed during mitosis
 * The Nakba in Arabic.
 * Nedelin catastrophe or Nedelin disaster, launch pad accident at Baikonur test range of Baikonur Cosmodrome
 * Oxygen catastrophe, the biologically induced appearance of dioxygen (O2) in Earth's atmosphere
 * Runaway climate change or Climatic catastrophe, hypothesized runaway global warming when a tipping point is exceeded
 * Toba catastrophe hypothesis, hypothesis that the Toba supervolcanic eruption caused a global volcanic winter and 1,000-year-long cooling episode
 * Ultraviolet catastrophe, the prediction by classical physics that a black body will emit radiation at infinite power
 * Vacuum catastrophe, the discrepancy between theoretical and measured vacuum energy density in cosmology

Fictional entities

 * Catastrophe, the main antagonist in The Secret Files of the Spy Dogs

Film

 * Catastrophe (film), a 1977 American documentary film
 * The Catastrophe (film), a 2011 American short film

Literature

 * Catastrophe (book), a 2009 non-fiction book by Dick Morris and Eileen McGann
 * Catastrophe (drama), the climax and resolution of a plot in ancient Greek drama and poetry
 * Catastrophe (play), a 1982 short play by Samuel Beckett
 * Catastrophe: Risk and Response, a 2004 non-fiction book by Richard Posner

Music

 * Catastrophic (band), a band featuring Trevor Peres

Television

 * Catastrophe (2008 TV series), a five-part science series on Channel 4, presented by Tony Robinson
 * Catastrophe (2015 TV series), a 2015 sitcom starring Sharon Horgan and Rob Delaney

Mathematics

 * Catastrophe theory, a theory by the French mathematician René Thom and the object of its study

title: Catastrophe


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List of rulers of the Mossi state of Yatenga

This is a list of rulers of Yatenga, one of the Mossi Kingdoms located in present-day Burkina Faso.


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Rocky River (Tennessee)

The Rocky River is a 31.0 mi stream in the east-central portion of Middle Tennessee in the United States. It is a tributary of the Caney Fork River, and is part of the Cumberland, Ohio and Mississippi watersheds. The lower portion of the river is part of the reservoir created by Great Falls Dam, which is located near the river's confluence with the Caney Fork.

Course
The Rocky River rises on the slopes of Jakes Mountain, a 2204 ft summit north of the Cagle community atop the Cumberland Plateau in Sequatchie County. Just below its source, the stream enters its Studer Lake impoundment as it flows northward through a rugged area of abandoned surface mines. Beyond this lake, the river crosses into Van Buren County, where it continues northward through rugged hills.

After passing the historic "Rocky River Crossing" (once part of the Trail of Tears) along Pleasant Hill Cemetery Road, the river begins its descent to the Highland Rim, losing 900 feet in elevation in less than four miles before steadying in the White Hill area. Flanked by the walls of the Cumberland Plateau and Barnett Mountain, the river continues northward through the Riverview and Laurelburg communities. At the latter, the river veers westward toward Warren County, then again turns northward, forming the boundary between Warren and Van Buren for the remainder of its course.

Just before reaching the Goodbars community, the river passes under State Highway 30 (Spencer Road). Beyond Goodbars, the river flows through a series of oxbow bends, one of which nearly forms a meander cutoff. After passing under Bone Cave Road and U.S. Highway 70, the river flows just east of the Rock Island community as it enters the slack waters of Great Falls Lake. The river empties into the Caney Fork about a mile upstream from Great Falls Dam. Its confluence with the Caney Fork marks a three-way junction between Warren, Van Buren, and White counties.

Watershed
The drainage area of the Rocky River covers 111 square miles. The Tennessee Valley Divide, which separates the Cumberland and Tennessee watersheds, crosses Jakes Mountain a few hundred yards south of the source of the Rocky River. Streams on the north side of the mountain flow into the Rocky, while streams on the south side are part of the Sequatchie River watershed. A string of ridges extending from the Cumberland Plateau, among them Long Mountain and Barnett Mountain, split the watershed of the Rocky from the watershed of the Collins River to the west.

Important tributaries of the Rocky include Harper Branch, Sycamore Branch, and Dyer Gulch Creek, which flow into the river from the west, and Samples Fork, Rocky Branch, and Pine Branch, which join the river from the east. Laurel Creek, which empties into the river's eastern bank just downstream from Goodbars, drains part of the town of Spencer.

History
Rock Island, a small island at the confluence of the Rocky River and Caney Fork, was an important early landmark and river ford for settlers in the eastern Highland Rim region. Two Indian trails, the Chickamauga Trail (later the Old Kentucky Road) and the Black Fox Trail, intersected near the island. Historian J. G. M. Ramsey reports a battle taking place at the island in 1793, near the end of the Cherokee–American wars.

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Higgenbotham's Trace (or Rainey's Turnpike), a major road connecting McMinnville with the Sequatchie Valley, crossed the Rocky River near Pleasant Hill Cemetery, just north of Van Buren-Sequatchie county line. In 1838, the northern route of the Trail of Tears, the path over which the Cherokee were removed from the eastern mountains to Oklahoma, followed this road. While the procession camped at the Rocky River, the Cherokee leader Junaluska and several supporters deserted and attempted to return to the east. They were eventually arrested and incarcerated. The Rocky River Crossing and the adjacent roadbed, which look much as they did 170 years ago, have since been added to the National Register of Historic Places.

Historian Arthur Weir Crouch reported several early fords along the Rocky River, most notably Brights Ford at the river's Laurel Creek confluence, and Hash Ford, or Indian Ford, near its mouth. A wooden bridge was built at the latter ford in the mid-19th century, but was destroyed by a flood in 1872. As part of its Great Falls Dam project, the Tennessee Electric Power Company built the Yost Bridge about a mile above the river's mouth in 1915, and the Blanks Bridge about three miles above the river's mouth in 1916. A bridge for Tennessee Highway 30 was built in the early 1920s.

Ecology and habitat improvement
Siltation from surface mining conducted in the upper Rocky River basin during the early and mid-20th century damaged several sections of the river, and threatened two federally-listed species that live in the river, the bluemask darter and the slender chub. Restoration efforts have focused on the erection of livestock exclusion fences to create a reforested riparian zone along the river, and backfilling and revegetating abandoned surface mines.

title: Rocky River (Tennessee)