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Husk (comics)

Husk (Paige Guthrie) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Guthrie is a superhero associated with the X-Men.

A mutant, Husk has the ability to remove one layer of skin—or "husk"—revealing an epidermis of a different composition beneath. She often changes into metal or stone form, but can shift into a variety of substances.

Husk is from a Kentucky coal mining family and is the younger sister of the X-Men's Cannonball. Unlike her brother, Husk is self-conscious of being seen as a "hick" (Jubilee often called her "hayseed"). As a member of the X-Men's 1990s-era junior team Generation X, she established herself as an overachiever. She later joined the X-Men.

Publication history
Husk first made appearances as a background character as one of Cannonball's many siblings in Rom Annual #3 (1984) by Bill Mantlo and William Johnson and The New Mutants #42 (1986) by Chris Claremont and Jackson Guice. She was revealed as a mutant and her personality was developed by Fabian Nicieza and Tony Daniel in X-Force #32 (1994) as part of that title's Child's Play crossover with New Warriors, which segued into her participation in the Generation Next arc of the Phalanx Covenant, running through X-Men #36-37 (1994) and The Uncanny X-Men #317 (1994).

Husk would then become a permanent member of Generation X (1994–2001), originally created by Scott Lobdell and Chris Bachalo. This run defined and expanded her personality and mutant abilities. After Generation X disbanded, Husk served as a member of the X-Men in The Uncanny X-Men #414-443 (2002–2004), thereafter appearing sporadically as a reserve member and background character in various X-titles, highlighted by a mission during the Necrosha event in X-Men: Legacy #231-233 (2010).

During the X-Men's Schism, Husk joined Cannonball and threw in with Wolverine's side in X-Men: Regenesis #1, becoming a faculty member at the Jean Grey School in Westchester. Husk appears regularly as a supporting character in Wolverine and the X-Men (2012) from issue #2 onward.

Fictional character biography
The sister of the X-Man Cannonball, Paige Guthrie was born to a large Kentucky coal miner's family. Her father died when she was very young, due to a lung affliction from working in the mines. As a teenager, she discovers her inborn mutant ability to shed her skin, metamorphosing into a different composition beneath. She has used this power to turn her body into stone, glass, and an acid-like substance, among other materials. She can also use her power to heal herself by shedding a damaged form in favor of an intact one. She normally cannot change the shape of her form, only its composition, although an issue of X-Force, written before her powers had been fully defined, depicted her transforming into a bird.

Generation X
From the series' beginning in 1994 until its cancellation at issue #75 in 2001, Husk was a member of the junior X-Men team Generation X, where she earned a reputation as a workaholic, constantly trying to prove herself fit for the main team. She also develops a troubled relationship with her antisocial teammate Chamber. Towards the end of the team's existence, Paige became the group's computer expert and develops an interest in environmental issues.

After the breakup of Generation X, Husk joins Banshee's militant X-Corps, along with other Gen X members, to keep an eye on him. This does not end well, with Banshee's more criminal charges staging a coup and the Gen X members having to take down the Blob.

X-Men
She later joined the X-Men in Chuck Austen's 2001 revamp of Uncanny X-Men and was placed in a controversial relationship with the long-time X-Man Archangel, as Husk was 19 years old and several years Archangel's junior.

The two took an extended leave of absence. Archangel launched a charity called "Mutantes Sans Frontières" in Zanzibar, a reference to Médecins Sans Frontières ("Doctors Without Borders"), where the two proceeded to help stop a coup with the aid of Professor X's newest charges from nearby Genosha.

Her younger brother Jay later joined the new New Mutants team under the codename Icarus. Her sister Melody also joined the school as Aero after discovering she could fly. Melody has since been depowered after M-Day, although Paige herself retains her powers. Icarus was later killed following the events of M-Day, in a confrontation with the anti-mutant activist William Stryker and his army. The resulting battles also take the lives of dozens of other students.

She is most often seen in the current New X-Men title while tending to the wounded. In her last major appearance, she attended the funeral of her little brother.

Divided We Stand
The first issue of Divided We Stand revealed that Paige had returned to living with her family. She is the one who picks up her brother, Cannonball, at the airport to bring him home. However, Sam, still feeling angry over the betrayal of his X-Men team, tells her to take him to a local bar, where he picks a fight with the members of rival families from their home. Paige confronts Sam on his action after the brawl ends. Sam yells that he's lost faith in how the life of an X-Men works and flies off angry, leaving Paige fearful for his life and mind.

Secret Invasion
Husk is seen fighting alongside the rest of the X-Men in San Francisco and flirting with Angel at the same time, though it would appear they are no longer a couple.

Nation X/Necrosha
Paige is a resident of the mutant nation of Utopia and is seen fighting alongside the New X-Men battling her reanimated former teammates Synch and Skin. Paige is subsequently sent to Muir Island with a team of X-Men led by Nightcrawler to further investigate the attacks on Utopia. When the team reaches Muir Island, they discover something came back when Destiny was resurrected - the villain Proteus. Proteus takes swift action, dispatching the teams heavy-hitters Colossus and Magneto and possessing Trance, Nightcrawler, Psylocke and Husk. While in mental possession of Husk, he displays the ability to assume a flaming energy form, something Paige was previously unable to do. Whether this is an undiscovered latent power of Paige's or an aspect of Proteus's reality manipulation remains unknown.

Second Coming
Paige was seen fighting a Nimrod with Roberto DaCosta, Avalanche and Boom-Boom and then again after the Nimrods were depowered (due to Cypher). She asked Colossus what happened and he replied, "I don't know, Paige".

Schism
Following the conflict between Wolverine and Cyclops that led to the former abandoning Utopia, Husk became a teacher at the Jean Grey School for Higher Learning. At a faculty meeting, Paige tries to express her insecurity about not being cut out for teaching because the students aren't listening to her. Ironically, Beast cuts her off before she can finish. Later, Cannonball expresses his frustration about there only being a memorial for dead X-Men, including their brother Jay, in the faculty lounge and that he doesn't understand how Paige agrees with this decision when she can't even look at Jay's picture. Casting off Sam's feelings, Paige announces she has class and needs to change. In reply to this, Sam states that she sheds her skin every time she's unhappy and her power isn't an antidepressant. At that moment, the school is attacked, and Paige is instructed to go teach as normal. During her class, Rogue interrupts and informs Paige that there is a problem with the "heating system". Upon leaving the class, Paige instantly husks into her fire form and destroys the invading N'Garai in the mansion. During Paige's time at the school, it becomes apparent that her mysterious molting condition is only worsening because her skin is in a state of constant cracking and flaking.

Leaving the X-Men
Over time, Paige's condition worsens as she starts leaving around Husk replicas with her old skin (replicas that Toad, in love with her, keeps to himself and even uses in his tea parties). During the events of Avengers vs. X-Men, she starts a sentimental relationship with him. Her mental condition grows worse too, and she doesn't even acknowledge a riot in one of her classes. After that, Kitty Pryde states that Paige is in no condition to teach and suggests removing her from the active staff. In a burst of fury, Paige decides to quit the school, considering Kitty was about to fire her. Then, Paige decides to take some time for herself, leaving the school and telling Toad she will eventually come back. She even assures him she is in no need of psychiatric help.

As part of the Marvel NOW! event, a now-disfigured Husk is revealed to be one of the agents of the Hellfire Club's new Hellfire Academy.

When Toad helps Quentin Quire to escape the Hellfire Academy, Husk and the other students try to stop them. Husk attacks Toad and strangles him, when he starts ripping off layer after layer of her skin until a normal looking Paige appears under all the husks. She has only vague memories of what happened, and does not remember her relationship with Toad. The X-Men shut down the Hellfire Academy.

It transpires that Husk's personality shifts and subsequent mental breakdown and betrayal where caused by a secondary mutation which means her powers now also affect her mind as well as her body. Husk is forgiven for her betrayal since she was of unsound mind and is made the academy's new guidance counselor, however Toad is fired. As he is leaving Husk apologizes to him for being unable to remember what happened between them, he claims he knew it was too good to last. Before he leaves she arranges a date at a local coffee shop, but the city is attacked by self-replicating energy bots built by Maximilian Frankenstein so he and Manuel Endque could escape the Grey Academy. The X-Men defeat the robots, and half the coffee shop has been destroyed. Endque was found by the X-Men having been severely beaten by Toad on Frankenstein's orders, Toad seemingly now working for Frankenstein, wanting to go someplace nobody can hurt them. Endque passes on a message to Husk that Toad left because he knew even if things went well between them one day she'd wake up and see him for what he really was. Husk breaks down in tears.

Powers and abilities
Paige is a metamorph who has the mutant ability to change her physical form by shedding her outer layer of skin to reveal a new layer or shape underneath. While she can sometimes acquire new forms, Paige most commonly takes on a Paige-like form in a new material. She can become any solid that she has studied (including glass, wood, rubber, brick, diamond, granite, and even adamantium). These forms take on new physical abilities or qualities appropriate to the form, such as increased weight, strength, or invulnerability. Paige has shown some ability to take on forms with energy powers - including a fiery form that generates heat and flame, and a form with acidic skin.

Husk has been able to shift into anything that does not exceed her body mass. Any extra mass left when she shifts into a smaller form such as an insect or a bird is shunted into an unknown extra-dimensional space, and will return to Husk when she resumes her human form. However, she has also demonstrated an ability to take on extra mass and become heavier. She has the capability to blend in with surroundings, but to do so, she would have to study the texture she seeks to mimic first. She can husk away minor injuries, but deeper ones will stay with her. She can hold a form for about an hour before she needs to revert to her original form. She can morph repeatedly. She is not required to stay in any one form, but too many transformations can become very painful. In great stress or trauma, Paige can shed without control, revealing patchwork forms. When Paige 'husks', she sheds her clothing as well, this has the side effect of leaving her nude when she returns to her normal form.

Paige has recently gained a secondary mutation which affects her mind. This mutation changes parts of her brain into acting into what she herself shifts into. Paige has learned to keep it under control as the first time Toad had to tear through several husks for Paige to regain her mind but in the process she lost several months of memories likely due to the constant shedding.

Reception

 * In 2014, Entertainment Weekly ranked Husk 15th in their "Let's rank every X-Man ever" list.
 * In 2018, CBR.com ranked Husk 9th in their "20 Most Powerful Mutants From The '80s" list.

Age of Apocalypse
In the Age of Apocalypse, Paige was a member of Generation Next. Husk was found by Sinister along with her older sister Elizabeth and her older brother Samuel while the rest of their family, save for their youngest brother Joshua, were culled by Apocalypse's Infinites. However, unlike Sam and Elizabeth, Paige declined Sinister's offer to join his Elite Mutant Force. Instead she joined Magneto's cause. Like her main Marvel Universe counterpart, Paige had a long-term relationship with Chamber, though in this case the relationship became physical as well.

Paige demonstrates greater control over her abilities compared to her primary-universe counterpart. She is able to transform all parts of her body, and was capable of adopting liquid, gaseous, and energy states. Paige can also adapt "bio patterns" to affect specific individuals, including a complex acid that could affect the organic steel skin of Colossus and an energy form Shadowcat could not phase through. She also had the ability to change only part of her body (such as changing a hand into a bladed weapon).

After being overrun deep in hostile territory, Paige and her Generation Next fleet team members were believed to be dead. Paige survived the battle and was enslaved by the inmates of the Seattle Core until Apocalypse's regime fully collapsed. Husk was eventually found by her siblings and was taken to Sinister, who took his time to corrupt her and made her want revenge for the X-Men. Husk infiltrated the ranks of the X-Men as a mutant named Xorn and kidnapped Charles Lensherr; she even battled alongside the other Guthries, but was ultimately killed by Wolverine's daughter, Kirika.

Age of X
In the Age of X reality Paige is seen breaking free of mutant hunters killing many of them and later meeting up with her brother, Sam. They both find their entire family dead because of the mutant hunters. She swears vengeance on the humans who did this.

Age of X-Man
In the Age of X-Man reality, Paige Guthrie is the Agriculture Instructor of the 10th Year class within the Summers Institute Of Higher Learning, located in Winchester, NY.

Mutant X
Paige is a member of the Marauders and constantly fighting with her brother, Cannonball. She is stuck in a rather grotesque form and was last seen trying to escape the group's mysterious benefactor.

Ultimate Marvel
In the Ultimate Marvel reality, Paige Guthrie is a fourteen-year-old mutant living in the Southwest, which is overrun by Sentinels. She meets Kitty Pryde and her X-Men, and leads them to Nick Fury. She later assists Kitty Pryde in her efforts to shut down nearby makeshift mutant internment camps.

Television

 * Husk, alongside Cannonball, appears in the X-Men episode "Hidden Agenda".

Film

 * Husk's name appears in William Stryker's computer in the 2003 film X2.

title: Husk (comics)


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Talk:Neoclassical ballet

Good start
Good start, needs more explanation in reference to style (lines - shape - form - technique - lineage)

I would also argue that some of the works are modern ballet and or classical ballet. I would mostly contest Frederick Ashton and Kenneth MacMillan as british ballet choreographers didn't really make it to Neoclassical ballet. and went from modern ballet to classical (Russian) and is almost reached Post-structuralist ballet (ashley page)

I would therefore suggest that Ashton and MacMillan are removed from this page.

Any ballet utilizing traditional ballet vocabulary created after Apollo can be considered neoclassical. This is not strictly true, a ballet is classed according to content and the choreographic process. It also does not allow for Post-structuralist ballet (William Forsyth)' also neoclassical ballet e x t e n d s the tradition ballet vocabulary can convention with is hyper extended lines etc and technical virtuosity above 'drama' and 'acting' also returned to the cult of the ballerina as male dancers slipped out of the limelight again.

How about neoclassical ballet dancers?

Ohka- 01:56, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * There aren't really any neoclassical ballet dancers, as such, just classically trained ballet dancers that dance neoclassical works. PrimateMover (talk) 09:02, 19 May 2009 (UTC)

Merge with main ballet article
I'd like to merge this article with the main ballet article. Unless I hear an objection I will do so. Slhogan94 19:16, 12 March 2007 (UTC) Yes please! Sparafucil 11:07, 23 June 2007 (UTC)
 * No, don't... Maybe merge it with Contemporary though? They are really close to being the same thing, and it would make both of them long enough to be an article, not a stub.TheBallerinaDoll 02:53, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Contemporary (dance) and neoclassical are not alike at all. Consider this quote about Martha Graham from renowned American dance critic Joan Acocella: "No one except George Balanchine had anything approaching [Martha Graham's] influence on twentieth-century choreography, and, unlike Balanchine, who was carrying on the tradition of classical ballet, she more or less formulated the art she practiced" (Twenty-eight Artists And Two Saints, 2007, p. 291) PrimateMover (talk) 06:57, 17 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Please do not! Neoclassical and contemporary are very different styles. They belong separated!!! I would know. I have studied both styles of dance and they are very different!!!!! —Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.161.75.248 (talk) 06:30, 9 February 2008 (UTC)
 * do not merge 3 different things also no rationale presented by proponent of most recent tagging. Paul foord (talk) 07:10, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

Tim Scholl and Balanchine's Apollo
"Tim Scholl, author of From Petipa to Balanchine, considers George Balanchine's Apollo in 1928 to be the first neoclassical ballet. Apollo represented a return to form in response to Serge Diaghilev's abstract ballets."

Having read relevant sections from Scholl's From Petipa to Balanchine (pp. 74-80), I'm not sure that Scholl is saying, as it currently says on this page on neoclassicism, that Balanchine's Apollo is the first example of a neoclassical ballet, or that it is a departure from abstractionism. Indeed, Balanchine himself is known as an abstractionist, and referred to as such by renowned dance critic Joan Acocella (examples of which can be found in her Twenty-eight Artists And Two Saints).

Furthermore, Balanchine's works are seen as a return to classicism, as outlined by Acocella when she writes of former dancer Suzanne Farrell's influence on Balanchine:

"When Farrell arrived Balanchine didn't just change his styles; he seemed to change his content. Before, in what might have been called his classic years -- from 1928 (Apollo) to about 1962 (A Midsummer Night's Dream) -- his ballets had addressed sex and religion, grief and fate, but those matters, for the most part, were bound in by classicism: tempered, formalised."

But whether this classicism represented a neoclassicism was something that wasn't particularly clear to either Stravinsky or Balanchine. Here's an excerpt (cited in Scholl) of an essay Stravinsky wrote in 1927:

"There is much talk of a return to classicism nowadays, and works believed to have been influenced by works deemed 'classical' are termed 'neoclassical.' It is difficult to say whether this classification is in fact justified. Might this not be the result of an investigation more profound (at least in works worthy of attention -- works that reveal the visible influence of earlier works) than the simple imitation of a so-called classical language? This does not constitute neo-classicism, since classicism could never be characterized by technical methods (which change now as they do in every period) but rather by the merits of its construction."

Acocella also comments on Lincoln Kirstein and Balanchine's legacy to twentieth century art and life, and how these pulled classicism back into the limelight:

"Through the medium of Balanchine's choreography and teaching, ballet in the next few decades became a modernist art, and NYCB the hub of Western ballet. If Diaghilev had once saved ballet, Kirstein and Balanchine saved it again, and as with Diaghilev, their doing so affected not just dance but art in general."

Acocella goes on to cite Kirstein in an essay he wrote for Hound & Horn:

"Kirstein had characterized Massine as 'the first of the clever choreographers" -- those responsible for plunging the Ballets Russes of the early twenties into a sort of empty chic -- and described Balanchine as leading ballet out of that dry zone 'into a revivified, purer, cleaner classicism'."

This "cleaner classicism" could be taken as a reference to "neoclassicism," but is this valid?

Also interesting is Scholl's discussion on Faun and Apollo (From Petipa to Balanchine, pp. 77-76):

"Despite their stylistic incongruities, Nijinsky's Faune [sic] and Balanchine's Apollo show structural similarities. Both feature a male protagonist who chooses one woman from a small group. Both ballets are quasi-narrative, with easily understood, minimal plots. But Balanchine's very dissimilar realization of the basic plot represents a visceral, conscious response to the Nijinsky work. His revisions of Apollo over the next fifty years suggest a life-long dialog [sic] with Nijinsky's ballet and the aesthetic it came to represent. As Faune held its place in the repertory, Balanchine continued to revive and revise Apollo."

According to Scholl, then, the similarities between Faun's "empty chic", abstractionism and Apollo's apparent neoclassicism should be cancelled out with regard to identifying what makes a ballet either abstractionist or neoclassical.

Scholl says that both ballets share quasi-narratives and minimalist plots, so when using this criterion to define either abstractionism or neoclassicism in dance it's tempting to disregard those characteristics.

However, Scholl says that Balanchine realized his minimalist plots quite differently, and goes on to say that he achieved this through a greater emphasis and focus on three-dimensional space and a constantly geographical shifting of the performance space. But at this point we need to again reconsider Stravinsky's earlier comments above about what constitutes "neoclassicism", and in doing so ask ourselves whether Balanchine's Apollo is indeed a neoclassical ballet or merely a return to, albiet reinvigorated, classicism. If, as Stravinsky says, neoclassicism should not be "characterized by technical methods" or "classical language" alone, or, as Scholl says, narrative or plot construction, then the status of Balanchine's works as neoclassical ballets rests upon their investigation of space. I'll leave it for others to decide whether this characteristic alone is worthy of neoclassical status.

Scholl, however, seems to have some very clear ideas about the neoclassical status of Balanchine's ballet's (From Petipa To Balanchine, p. 75), especially that of Apollo:

"Stravinsky and Balanchine turned to classical ideals. The backward glance in Apollo is the 'momentary enthusiasm' Makovsky described; the retrospectivist conceit is far less important than the future the ballet foreshadows. Apollo can be called a 'classical' ballet because its Ancient Greek and neoclassical French sources are no longer incongruous: the ballet's theme refers to a classical ideal rather than a time or place... Stravinsky and Balanchine declared a new classicism [italics mine] for the ballet, sanctioned by the ballet's own history and tradition, no longer needful of ancient chronological antecedents."

Despite Scholl's apparent resolution of the incongruous, these seemingly contradictory or ambiguous comments from varied sources regarding Balanchine, Apollo, abstractionism and neoclassicism reveal the dynamic, fluid and ephemeral nature of dance and its classification. It's been noted by Acocella and others that Balanchine's works, for example, have taken on a different hue after Farrell and a myriad number of restagings and interpretations, so as to be almost indistinguishable from their earlier manifestations. PrimateMover (talk) 01:45, 18 May 2009 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Neoclassical ballet


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Birkhoff's axioms

In 1932, G. D. Birkhoff created a set of four postulates of Euclidean geometry in the plane, sometimes referred to as Birkhoff's axioms. These postulates are all based on basic geometry that can be confirmed experimentally with a scale and protractor. Since the postulates build upon the real numbers, the approach is similar to a model-based introduction to Euclidean geometry.

Birkhoff's axiomatic system was utilized in the secondary-school textbook by Birkhoff and Beatley. These axioms were also modified by the School Mathematics Study Group to provide a new standard for teaching high school geometry, known as SMSG axioms. A few other textbooks in the foundations of geometry use variants of Birkhoff's axioms.

Postulates
The distance between two points $A$ and $B$ is denoted by $d(A, B)$, and the angle formed by three points $A, B, C$ is denoted by $∠ ABC$.

Postulate I: Postulate of line measure. The set of points ${A, B, ...}$ on any line can be put into a 1:1 correspondence with the real numbers ${a, b, ...}$ so that $|b − a| = d(A, B)$ for all points $A$ and $B$.

Postulate II: Point-line postulate. There is one and only one line $ℓ$ that contains any two given distinct points $P$ and $Q$.

Postulate III: Postulate of angle measure. The set of rays ${ℓ, m, n, ...}$ through any point $O$ can be put into 1:1 correspondence with the real numbers $a (mod 2π)$ so that if $A$ and $B$ are points (not equal to $O$) of $ℓ$ and $m$, respectively, the difference $a_{m} − a_{ℓ} (mod 2π)$ of the numbers associated with the lines $ℓ$ and $m$ is $∠ AOB$. Furthermore, if the point $B$ on $m$ varies continuously in a line $r$ not containing the vertex $O$, the number $a_{m}$ varies continuously also.

Postulate IV: Postulate of similarity. Given two triangles $ABC$ and $A'B'C'$ and some constant $k > 0$ such that $d(A', B' ) = kd(A, B), d(A', C' ) = kd(A, C)$ and $∠ B'A'C' = ±∠ BAC$, then $d(B', C' ) = kd(B, C), ∠ C'B'A' = ±∠ CBA$, and $∠ A'C'B' = ±∠ ACB$.

title: Birkhoff's axioms


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Space Coast Regional Airport

Space Coast Regional Airport is in Titusville, Florida, United States, on Columbia Boulevard (State Road 405) and Washington Avenue (U.S. 1) in Brevard County. Formerly known, and still colloquially referred to, as Ti-Co (Titusville-Cocoa) Airport, it is the nearest commercial airport to the Kennedy Space Center.

History
In 1943 the U.S. Government built the airport on land jointly owned by both cities, Titusville and Cocoa. The airfield had two 5000 ft x 150 ft runways with a taxiway system. The U.S. Government developed the airport to serve as an outlying field (OLF) to Naval Air Station Sanford during World War II. The airport was built by the Civil Aeronautics Administration under the "Development of Landing Areas for National Defense" Program to help relieve other area military bases of training exercises during World War II. The government retained control of the airport for the duration of the war.

After the war the U.S. Navy transferred the airport and associated improvements to the War Assets Administration, which deeded the airport back to the Cities of Titusville and Cocoa by a Surrender of Lease and Quit Claim Deed dated April 18, 1947.

The taxiways and runways of the Titusville-Cocoa Airport hosted a NASCAR Grand National (now Cup Series) event, on December 30, 1956, for the 1957 NASCAR season. Fireball Roberts won in a Peter DePaolo Ford.

An airport authority was established by the Cities of Titusville and Cocoa to own, operate, improve, and maintain the airport. The property was transferred to the authority by Quit Claim Deeds from the City of Titusville on March 14, 1961, and from the City of Cocoa on April 11, 1961.

Having previously used military facilities on nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) began development of its own civilian staffed launch facilities, in what became the John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), on Merritt Island in the early 1960s. The location of this regional airport made it important to the transportation of NASA personnel and equipment.

Eastern Airlines 727s and DC-9s stopped at Titusville from 1970 to 1974.

Creation of Airport District
The "Titusville-Cocoa Airport District Act of 1963" created the Titusville-Cocoa Airport District and the Titusville-Cocoa Airport Authority ("Authority") to govern the operations of the airport facilities. The Authority was created to service the local, commercial, and corporate aviation needs as well as to stimulate economic growth in the local communities. The Authority replaced the original airport authority established in 1959. This legislation commissioned the Authority to govern the affairs of the Airport District. This currently includes Space Coast Regional Airport, Arthur Dunn Airpark, and Merritt Island Airport.

The 1963 Act established policies for the funding of Authority activities, including an ad valorem tax not to exceed one mil on all taxable properties within the geographical bounds of the District. Also included was the authorization of the District to issue general obligation bonds and revenue bonds to finance the acquisition, construction, or development of airport property or facilities.

Current Airport Authority
The Titusville-Cocoa Airport Authority now has seven members. Two are appointed from Brevard County election Districts I, II, and IV, and one is appointed at-large by the Board of County Commissioners of Brevard County. The Authority exercises hiring and oversight responsibility for the Authority's Executive Director, a full-time civil servant airport executive who has day-to-day responsibility for the operation, maintenance and supervision of Space Coast Regional Airport, Merritt Island Airport, Arthur Dunn Airpark and associated airport staff personnel.

Facilities
Space Coast Regional Airport covers 1650 acre and has two runways:

 * Runway 18/36 7,319 x, surface: asphalt
 * Runway 9/27 5,000 x, surface: asphalt

Warbird Museum
The Valiant Air Command is a frequently flyable collection of planes used in World Wars I and II. It is based here, along with a permanent collection of additional aircraft from the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Cold War and the first Gulf War/Operation Desert Storm at the Valiant Air Command Warbird Museum. The museum provides an exhibit of air history, offering a static display of vintage Warbird aircraft, including a Douglas C-47A. Veteran tour guides recount war stories.

Events
The Tico Air Show (March) is an annual event since 1977 and features modern military and vintage airplane fly-bys and demonstrations, strafing runs, dog fights, vintage warbird static displays, and military exhibits. In 2008, about 30,000 visitors attended.

Industry
Bristow Helicopters' Bristow Academy, a helicopter flying school, employs 160 and training 350 people a year in Schweizer 300CBIs, Robinson R22s, Robinson R44s, and Bell 206Bs. They have 59 helicopters. It is the world's largest civilian helicopter school.

The Zero Gravity Corporation offers weightless flights in its modified Boeing 727 and Airbus A300 cargo planes.

AeroDyne Detail, LLC provides mobile detailing services on the field.

title: Space Coast Regional Airport


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Merritt Island Airport

Merritt Island Airport is a general aviation public airport under the administration of the Titusville-Cocoa Airport Authority. It located in Merritt Island, Brevard County, Florida, United States, northwest of Patrick Space Force Base.

History
In the early 1940s, the Brevard County Mosquito Control District constructed the Central Brevard Airport. The airfield included two sod landing strips: a north–south strip measuring approximately 1,800 ft in length, and a northwest–southeast strip measuring approximately 3,000 ft in length.

An operations building and maintenance hangar were located on the south side of the airfield and the Mosquito Control District had a maintenance hangar on the north side of the airfield. The north–south landing strip was eventually abandoned, replaced by various facilities such as T-hangars that currently occupy this area.

In 1966, the Brevard County Mosquito Control District deeded the Central Brevard Airport property over to the Titusville-Cocoa Airport Authority in exchange for ten acres of land located within Space Coast Regional Airport. Central Brevard Airport was renamed Merritt Island Airport and became a public general aviation facility some time after initial construction took place in 1970 and facilities were completed in 1974.

Facilities

Merritt Island Airport covers 129 acre and has one runway:
 * Runway 11/29: 3,601 x, surface: asphalt

Government activities

 * Brevard County Sheriff's Office Aviation Unit

Businesses

 * Space Coast Aviation - Merritt Island's FBO
 * 2FLY Airborne - international pilot training
 * Buzz Airlines - aircraft charters; has a base at the airport
 * Voyager Aviation International - flight training
 * Sebastian Communication Inc. - avionics sales, installation and repairs

Accidents and incidents
On January 24, 2021, a man identified as 24 year old Abhishek Patter, a pilot from India who was training for his commercial airline pilot's license, crashed a plane, a Piper PA-28, on nearby waters as he was flying from Palm Beach County Park Airport to Merritt Island Airport. The 24-year-old was a student at 2Fly Airborne flight school in Merritt Island according to officials in Brevard County. His body was found later by rescuers. He was the sole occupant of the aircraft when it crashed.

title: Merritt Island Airport


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User:Gerry Lynch

I'm Gerry Lynch. I was born on 28 July 1977 in Belfast, Northern Ireland, eventually studying Politics at the Queen's University of Belfast (after school at St. Malachy's College). I lived in the New Lodge all my life until I graduated in 2000 with first class honours and upped sticks for London. I returned to Belfast in 2007 to take up a post as Executive Director of the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland. I have made much fewer contributions to Wikipedia since, largely spelling and grammatical corrections, thanks in large part to a mistaken identity issue resulting in serious moderator abuse and suspension of my editing privelliges in the Summmer of 2007.

Please send me a message on my User talk page in English, auf Deutsch ya da Türkçede.

Wiki contributions focus on the politics of Northern Ireland and its recent history, politics of Turkey, obscure contemporary classical composers, opera, amateur radio or Anglicanism.

I am a licensed amateur radio operator, with the callsign GI0RTN.

What's with Turkey? I've been on holiday there a number of times, gone to night classes and learned passable Turkish, really enjoy the country, thought I could use it to do something useful on Wikipedia.

I dislike reference fascists. I also dislike teenagers with User pages that consist of forests of userboxes but have made about two and a half mainspace edits in a year. What do they do all day?

I can remember wikipedia before userboxes, but I use them now as a sort of shorthand even though I'm not convinced about them.

The article I started on the galactic halo made it to the front page on August 3, 2004 - - see the record in the archive.

My picture of is a Wikimedia Commons featured picture and was a candidate for picture of the year in 2006!

I also contribute very occasionally to German Wikipedia and Turkish Wikipedia.

I like music. A lot. Music that leavens life includes: John Adams | Bela Bartok | Ludwig van Beethoven | Benjamin Britten | Maurice Duruflé | Gabriel Fauré | Gustav Holst | Howard Hanson | Zoltan Kodaly | Jean Langlais | György Ligeti | Gustav Mahler | Olivier Messiaen | Dmitri Shostakovich | Jean Sibelius | Richard Strauss | Igor Stravinsky | Ralph Vaughan-Williams | Richard Wagner | Takashi Yoshimatsu - Nat King Cole | Jimi Hendrix | Kraftwerk | Bob Marley | Pink Floyd | The Cure | The Pixies | The Smiths | The Stone Roses - Edip Akbayram | Sezen Aksu | Zülfü Livaneli | Tarkan - and of course, the wonderful music of morse code.

Articles I've worked on in some significant way:

Northern Ireland Politics and Culture

 * Northern Ireland - quite a brutal rewrite of the politics bit!
 * History of Northern Ireland - wrote a lot of this before it migrated from the main article
 * Demographics and politics of Northern Ireland - wrote a lot of this before it migrated from the main article
 * History of Belfast - wrote a lot of this before it migrated from the main article
 * Night of the Big Wind - wrote a lot of this
 * Alliance Party of Northern Ireland
 * 1981 Irish Hunger Strike - began this one
 * David Ford - expanded from stub
 * Holy Cross dispute - began this one
 * Peter Robinson - expanded from stub
 * Nigel Dodds - expanded from stub
 * Bobby Sands
 * armalite and the ballot box - expanded from stub
 * Belfast - the transport section and much of the history section
 * Derry
 * North Down
 * Paul Berry - began this one
 * North Belfast (UK Parliament constituency)
 * South Belfast (UK Parliament constituency)
 * East Belfast (UK Parliament constituency)
 * West Belfast (UK Parliament constituency)
 * Kathy Stanton - began this one
 * Tayto (Northern Ireland) - began this one
 * Template:NI-stub - invented this stub category
 * Ireland national rugby union team
 * Ulster Rugby
 * New Lodge, Belfast - started this one
 * A2 road (Northern Ireland)
 * spide
 * Diocese of Connor (Church of Ireland) - began this one
 * Roman Catholicism in Ireland
 * St. George's Church, Belfast - began this one

German Politics and Culture

 * Feleknas Uca - began this one
 * City (band) - began this one

British Politics

 * Margaret Hodge - added info on Nanny State speech
 * Nanny state
 * Cities of London and Westminster - contributed considerable chunks to
 * Regent's Park and Kensington North - contributed considerable chunks to
 * Peter Bruinvels - started this one
 * Shirley Porter

Turkish Politics and Culture

 * Republican People's Party (Turkey) - expanded from stub
 * Justice and Development Party (Turkey) - expanded from stub
 * Felicity Party (Turkey) - began this one
 * Alevi
 * Kurds
 * Islamism
 * Diyarbakir - expanded from stub plus pictures
 * Denizli - edited
 * Sezen Aksu - began this one
 * Abdullah Gül
 * Urfa - added pictures plus lots of text
 * Mardin Province - expanded from stub
 * Dayro d-Mor Gabriel - expanded from stub
 * Turkey national football team - Euro 2004 and WC2006 qualifying

Anglicanism

 * Church of Ireland
 * Affirming Catholicism - began this one
 * Forward in Faith - began this one
 * Cyril Garbett - began this one
 * Walsingham - added picture
 * Anglican views of homosexuality - Church of Ireland
 * Robert Runcie - considerable expansion
 * Gareth Bennett - began this one
 * The Red Dean of Canterbury - ''considerable expansion

Classical Music

 * Takashi Yoshimatsu - began this one
 * Jean Langlais - began this one
 * Valery Gergiev - began this one
 * Akira Ikufube - began this one
 * Percy Grainger - considerably expanded
 * Henry Balfour Gardiner - began this one
 * The Handmaid's Tale (opera) - began this one
 * The Makropulos Affair - considerably expanded
 * Hermann Goetz - considerably expanded through translation from German wikipedia
 * El Niño (oratorio) - began this one
 * Hans Werner Henze - considerably expanded through translation from German wikipedia
 * Florian Leopold Gassmann - considerably expanded through translation from German wikipedia
 * Nixon in China (opera) - synopsis added
 * Boulevard Solitude - started this one

European Union law and politics

 * gold-plating - began this one
 * host state regulation - began this one
 * home state regulation - began this one
 * maximum harmonisation - began this one
 * minimum harmonisation - began this one

Astronomy

 * galactic halo - started this one and it made it to 'Did You Know?' on the front page!
 * Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy - expanded
 * Canis Minor Dwarf Galaxy - began this one

Amateur Radio

 * Amateur radio - did a lot of work on the main article
 * Contesting or Radiosport - began this one
 * Four square - added info on the four square aerial
 * EME or moonbounce
 * DXpedition - significantly expanded
 * Shortwave bands - made less US-centric
 * 4 metres - started this one

Unclassifiable

 * Roads in Ireland - added Northern Ireland trunk roads
 * Jet2.com - began this one
 * George Smiley - expanded from stub
 * Green Party - tried to make less obviously from a Green POV
 * Jeremy Clarkson - added info on degree controversy
 * Bayswater - contributed considerable chunks to
 * Marijuana Parties - info on Spain plus election poster
 * Jorge Alessandri - expanded from stub to considerable article by translating from German wikipedia
 * Chilean Council of State - stub
 * Waistcoat
 * Tie bar - began this one
 * European windstorm - added info on big Irish storms
 * The Saviour Sect
 * Yannick Nyanga - began this one
 * Whole life tariff - Viktor Dembovskis
 * chav
 * City of Westminster - including several pics

Pictures only added
Galway | Winchester Cathedral | Edessa, Mesopotamia | Her Majesty's Treasury | Carp | Greys (yes, those ones) | Tigris | Anti-American sentiment | Bullfighting | Kommagene | Catalan | DCMS | Pall Mall, London | Athenaeum Club | Reform Club | Black-headed Gull | Ken Livingstone | Liverpool | utility cycling | George Best

Much done, more to do
Zülfü Livaneli | Edip Akbayram | Frank Weston | Mark Durkan | Martin Ingram | Bairbre de Brún | John Alderdice | Jeffrey Donaldson | True Path Party (Turkey) | Social Democratic People's Party (Turkey) | Tansu Çiller | John Federick Wolfenden, Baron Wolfenden | Herbert Hensley Henson | CQ World Wide Contest | Skywave | Sporadic E | Donald Coggan | Michael Ramsey | Anglo-Catholic Congress | Campaign for Real Education | Book of Common Prayer (2004) | Brian Williamson | FannyAnn Eddy | Karamanlides

title: User:Gerry Lynch


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User:Nondescript

Sorry, Wikipedia© does not yet possess ownership of an altogether intelligible and acceptable page with the title that only contains the one exact word, which is "Nondescript". Perhaps you would find something if you investigated the "Nondescript" entry on one of our sister sites, Wikipedia©, Wikiterrium©, or the Wikiversity©. *

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title: User:Nondescript


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Talk:Ynysybwl

Well done for making it onto the front page.

However The name itself is pronounced phonetically as "Un-is-u-bull" - is an ad-hoc pronunciation which tells you nothing. This should be replaced with the SAMPA equivalent - if someone familiar with SAMPA and the correct pronunciation could do that the article will be improved. Graham 02:13, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

I've translaiterated it into X-SAMPA if that's any help (IPA) as  (X-SAMPA) /VnIsVbUl/

 * Front Page ? Any chance anyone got a screenshot :o) Hackerjack 07:34, 23 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Moved from Page.External links ?
 * The name "Ynysybwl" is most likelyto be a mutated form of "Ynys - yr- ap - Hywel" - "The land surrounded by water belonging to the son of Hywel" - a monk from Margam Abbey who farmed the land in the valley at the time of and following the Dissolution of the Monastries.  - by User:195.92.67.74
 * Except it's not surrounded by water? And it is on a hill so "Field of Rock" or "Field Hill" is probably more likely? Jaster 13:01, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Name
I have removed the following uncited paragrah to the Talk page:-

 * It is wrong to double-hyphenate 'Ynys-y-bwl', as this is contrary to Welsh usage; there are different roads signs with these two spellings, which have given rise to controversy.

The Welsh Language Board gives the correct Welsh spelling as Ynys-y-bŵl (see Enwau Cymru). Skinsmoke (talk) 23:12, 11 November 2010 (UTC)

Can someone explain why the definition of "ynys" is given here as "water-meadow" when every welsh speaker (and text) I know of confirm it means "island"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 145.8.104.65 (talk) 09:18, 23 September 2013 (UTC)

The element also appears in the local place name Ynyshir nearby in the Rhondda Fach and there the additional sense of 'water-meadow' for 'ynys' is attributed to Y Geiriadur Mawr/The Complete Welsh English, English Welsh Dictionary, Gwasg Gomer 1958 et seq. There are other local examples: e.g.Ynysangharad Park in Pontypridd, Ynysboeth in the Cynon Valley, etc.Ntmr (talk) 23:11, 21 July 2014 (UTC) At an even more local level, the 1880s Slater's Directory for Pontypridd and District shows a number of farms containing the word: Ynys Rhydyfelin, Ynysca(e)dudwd (near Cilfynydd), Ynysgau, Ynyslyn (there is an Ynyslyn Road in Hawthorn), and Ynysmeinig (Ynysmeurig in Abercynon?)Ntmr (talk) 23:11, 21 July 2014 (UTC). Although 'water-meadow' is loosely used in the sense of a meadow that floods, in its strict sense a 'water-meadow' is deliberately created, and involves the construction of irrigation ditches. It is perhaps not difficult to see why a word whose basic meaning is 'an island' would become attached to this, though I would be interested in the observations of those whose Welsh is better than mine. Were these water-meadows or flood-meadows?Ntmr (talk) 23:03, 21 July 2014 (UTC)

For what it is worth, I have just had a look at 'Ynys' in Wicipedia, the Welsh version of Wikipedia. I can see no mention there of 'Ynys' in its 'inland' meaning. The Rhestr ynysoedd Cymru /List of islands of Wales lists around 45 - I suspect that there could be as many (probably more) instances of its 'inland' use in place names in Wales. Ynysddu (in the Sirhowy Valley) and Ynysmaerdy (in the Ely Valley) are other examples. The Wikipedia entry for Ynysddu gives 'black river meadow' as the meaning of the placename. The National Gazetteer of Wales - Place Name Index (http://homepage.ntlworld.com/geogdata/ngw/xyz.htm) gives around 21, though some of the farm names that I have mentioned are not there. Intriguingly, they are almost exclusively in Glamorgan, with a few in the former counties of Monmouthshire, Breconshire, and Carmarthen. I would surmise that it was a usage confined to the Welsh of Glamorgan and Gwent (Y Wenhwyseg).Ntmr.This might explain why modern Welsh speakers would not naturally refer to a river meadow as an 'Ynys'. (The old local dialect has largely been subsumed into a general 'south Welsh' where Dyfed usage would prevail). Ntmr (talk) 12:05, 23 July 2014 (UTC)(talk) 11:57, 23 July 2014 (UTC)

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Notable Persons
Ken Leek who played for Leicester City and Wales in the 1960's. He has a Wiki entry.46.7.85.68 (talk) 14:05, 17 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ynysybwl


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Talk:Adams political family

Removed Samuel Adams Wisner as though he maybe a decedent, he is in no way affiliated with the 'political family'

Are there any notable members of this family in contemporary times? --NeuronExMachina 02:21, 16 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * The most recent one "political graveyard" has is Eugene H. Nickerson who died in 2002. He was a judge of the U.S. District Court in 1977 and a clerk to US Supreme Court justice Harlan F. Stone. Thomas Boylston Adams ran for Senate in 1966 and was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He died in 1997. However Charles Francis Adams III might indeed be the last named Adams to hold real elective power. He was mayor of Quincy, Massachusetts for a time. The Lodges are linked to the Adams though in several ways and I think they stayed important to more recent times.--T. Anthony 04:48, 28 September 2005 (UTC. Nickolas Hoog is a rising member in the adams political family. Nickolas Hoog currently studies Global Affairs at New York University and has been a member of the United Nations Development Programme. He has also consulted many financial corporations and has worked at places, like USA TODAY and CBS Corporation. He's only 24, too. Definitely someone to watch in this family. i think that this constigation is one like no other there is something uniqu about this peace....

Welsh?
Does this family have any Welsh links? I could be related to them, but then again, I could not... SpiffingAnimal (talk) 19:32, 12 October 2008 (UTC)

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Letraset

Letraset was a company known mainly for manufacturing sheets of typefaces and other artwork elements using the dry-transfer lettering method. Letraset has been acquired by the Colart group and become part of its subsidiary Winsor & Newton.

Corporate history
Letraset was founded in London, England, in 1959, with the launch of the Letraset Type Lettering System. In 1961, Letraset came out with their dry transfer lettering system, which pioneered the technique.

Starting in 1964, Letraset also applied the dry rub-down transfer technique to create a children's game called Action Transfers, which would later develop into Kalkitos (marketed by Gillette), and many other series of transferable figures that were very popular up to the 1980s. Letraset was acquired by the Swedish stationery company Esselte until 2000, when it was sold to a management buyout headed up by Martin Gibbs and Michael Travers. Eventually sold to ColArt in 2012.

Seeing a decline in the sales of its materials in the early 1990s, Letraset moved into the desktop publishing industry, releasing software packages such as ImageStudio and ColorStudio for the Macintosh. These never saw widespread success. However, as Letraset held the rights to their fonts that had been popular on the dry transfer sheets, it made sense to enter the digital font market (see, for example, Charlotte Sans). Letraset thus began releasing many fonts in formats such as PostScript.

Fonts from designers including Martin Wait, Tim Donaldson, and David Quay were released, and many can be found on online retailers such as FontShop. Some fonts retain "Letraset" in their title, whereas others have been renamed by their new vendors, among them ITC.

A selection of fonts is still sold from its website, separated into fonts from Fontek and Red Rooster. Software includes Manga Studio EX and Envelopes, a plug-in for Adobe Illustrator.

Letraset is the maker of the refillable Tria markers, formerly Pantone Tria markers, which have a three-nib design and 200 colours. Additionally, Letraset offers three lines of dual-tipped markers, the alcohol-based ProMarker and FlexMarker lines, each with 148 mostly different colours and the water-based AquaMarkers with 60 colours.

Letraset was based in Le Mans, France, having previously been based in Ashford, Kent, until being acquired in June 2012 by the Colart group and becoming part of its subsidiary Winsor & Newton.

Cultural history
The dry rub-down transfer technique was used by the punk movement because of its ease of manipulation, its low price and the quality of the rendered layout. Letraset's ease of use and widespread availability aligned with the do-it-yourself value of this movement by allowing punks to create designs independent from printers and publishers.

Product
In common usage, the name Letraset originally referred to sheets of transfer lettering that were originally manufactured as a wet process in 1959, with each character selected and cut from a sheet, placed face-down on a small silk screen frame and wetted with a paint brush to soften and release the gum arabic adhesive which held it. The frame was then turned over and the letter located over the artwork, and the character pressed into contact with the page, with the mounting base slid away as with model aircraft transfers.

Later, in 1961, the process was simplified, and a dry transferable lettering system was developed. The range of available typefaces expanded, incorporating both classic and contemporary type designs of the period. Letraset sheets were used extensively by professional and amateur graphic designers, architects and artists in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. As a result of its relative affordability, and because of its ease of use, it also came to be used by printers, design studios and advertising agencies. In the late 1980s, Letraset started to be replaced by desktop publishing. Today, Letraset sheets are traded on eBay and elsewhere, and sometimes used so that a designer can avoid a digital look.

The name Letraset is also often used to refer generically to sheets of dry-transfer lettering of any brand. This technique was very widespread for lettering and other elements before the advent of the phototypesetting and laser computer techniques of word processing and desktop publishing. Currently, Letraset's line of print patterns and textures are more commonly used than its lettering.

Lorem ipsum
Lorem ipsum filler text has been featured on Letraset advertisements for decades. There are some indications that its use predates Letraset, but nothing definite has surfaced prior to Letraset's popularising it.

title: Letraset


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Medic

A medic is a medical practitioner or student such as a medical doctor or an emergency medical responder such as a paramedic.

Types
"Medic" titled roles include:
 * Emergency physician, a medical doctor (M.D. or D.O.) who has specialized postgraduate training in emergency diagnostics and treatment
 * Among physicians in the UK, the term "medic" indicates someone who has followed a "medical" career path in postgraduate professional training accredited by a College of Physicians, such as cardiology or endocrinology, in contrast to a surgical branch of specialization accredited by a College of Surgeons.
 * Combat medic (in various nations)
 * Combat Medical Technician, a soldier with a specialist military trade within the Royal Army Medical Corps of the British Army
 * Corpsman, a sailor who is trained for providing first aid to members of the US Armed Forces, combat casualty care/trauma care on the battlefield (This name is only used by the Navy and Marine Corps for the Hospital Corpsmen who serve in either a Navy or Marine billet; other branches use the term "medic".)
 * 4N0X1, an Air Force Emergency Medical Technician
 * 68W, the Military Occupational Specialty for the United States Army's health care specialist (combat medic)
 * 1Z1X1, The United States Air Force Pararescue
 * Medic, a Team Fortress 2 class character

title: Medic


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Peter Watkins

Peter Watkins (born 29 October 1935) is an English film and television director. He was born in Norbiton, Surrey, lived in Sweden, Canada and Lithuania for many years, and now lives in France. He is one of the pioneers of docudrama. His films present pacifist and radical ideas in a nontraditional style. He mainly concentrates his works and ideas around the mass media and our relation/participation to a movie or television documentary.

Nearly all of Watkins' films have used a combination of dramatic and documentary elements to dissect historical occurrences or possible near future events. The first of these, Culloden, portrayed the Jacobite uprising of 1745 in a documentary style, as if television reporters were interviewing the participants and accompanying them into battle; a similar device was used in his biographical film Edvard Munch. La Commune reenacts the Paris Commune days using a large cast of French non-actors.

In 2004, he wrote the book Media Crisis, which discusses his ideas of media hegemony which he calls, the monoform, and the lack of debate around the construction of new forms of audiovisual media.

Life
After doing his National Service with the East Surrey Regiment, followed by studying acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Watkins began his television and film career as an assistant producer of short TV films and commercials; and in the early 1960s was an assistant editor and director of documentaries at the BBC. All of his films have either been documentary or drama presented with documentary techniques, sometimes portraying historical occurrences and sometimes possible near future events as if contemporary reporters and filmmakers were there to interview the participants. Watkins pioneered this technique in his first full-length television film, Culloden, which portrayed the Jacobite uprising of 1746 in a style similar to the Vietnam War reporting of the time. In 1965, he won a Jacob's Award for Culloden at the annual presentation ceremony in Dublin.

The scope and formal innovation of Culloden drew immediate critical acclaim for the previously unknown director, and the BBC commissioned him for another ambitious production, the nuclear-war docudrama The War Game, for The Wednesday Play series. The production was subsequently released to cinemas and won the 1966 Academy Award for Documentary Feature, eventually being screened by the BBC on 31 July 1985 after a 20-year ban.

His reputation as a political provocateur was amplified by Punishment Park, a story of violent political conflict in the United States that coincided with the Kent State Massacre. Opposition to war is a common theme of his work, but the films' political messages are often ambiguous, usually allowing the main characters to present violently opposing viewpoints which in many cases are improvised by the cast: in Punishment Park, the soldiers and dissidents were played by nonprofessional actors whose political opinions matched those of their characters so well that the director said he feared actual violence would break out on set. He took a similar approach in his Paris Commune re-enactment La Commune, using newspaper advertisements to recruit conservative actors who would have a genuine antipathy to the Commune rebels. Watkins is also known for political statements about the film and television media, writing extensively about flaws in television news and the dominance of the Hollywood-derived narrative style that he refers to as "the monoform".

After the banning of The War Game and the poor reception of his first non-television feature, Privilege, Watkins left England and has made all of his subsequent films abroad: The Gladiators in Sweden, Punishment Park in the United States, Edvard Munch in Norway, Evening Land in Denmark, Resan (a 14-hour film cycle about the threat of nuclear war) in ten different countries, and La Commune in France. Freethinker: The Life and Work of Peter Watkins, is a forthcoming biography by Patrick Murphy, a Senior Lecturer in Film and Television at York St John University, and John Cook. It is being compiled with Watkins' active help and participation.

Influence
Citing their 1969 Bed-in efforts and Peace Concert, an interviewer asked John Lennon and Yoko Ono, "Is there any one particular incident that got you started in this peace campaign?". John answered, "...the thing that really struck it off was a letter we got from a guy called Peter Watkins who made a film called The War Game. It was a very long letter stating just what's happening – how the media is really controlled, how it's all run, and everything else that people really know deep down. He said 'People in your position have a responsibility to use the media for world peace'. And we sat on the letter for about three weeks thinking 'Well, we're doing our best. All you need is love, man.' That letter just sort of sparked it all off. It was like getting your induction papers for peace!"

By Peter Watkins

 * 1956 : The Web – 20 min. – Great Britain – English – black and white
 * 1958 : The Field of Red – Great Britain – English – black and white (lost)
 * 1959 : The Diary of an Unknown Soldier – 20 min. – Great Britain – English – black and white
 * 1961 : Forgotten Faces – 17 min. – Great Britain – English – black and white
 * 1964 : Culloden – 69 min. – Great Britain – English and Scottish Gaelic – black and white. News reportage-style re-enactment of the decisive 1746 Battle of Culloden between government forces led by William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and the Jacobite Army led by Charles Edward Stuart.
 * 1965 : The War Game – 47 min. – Great Britain – English – black and white Filmed in a documentary fashion and looks at the possible effects of nuclear war on England. Notable for its intense power and imagery. It later won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, as well as the 1967 Best Documentary Feature award in Great Britain.
 * 1967 : Privilege – 103 min. – Great Britain – English – colour A performing singer placed in a futuristic totalitarian state, Steven Shorter (Paul Jones), is an intense character who sympathises with the youth of the nation. He becomes very popular, yet realises that his life is also controlled by the government. In 1978, Patti Smith recorded one of the film's songs, "Set Me Free" (as "Privilege (Set Me Free)"), on her album Easter. The recording charted on the Top-100 lists in the UK (#72) and Ireland (#13).
 * 1969 : Gladiators (The Peace Game) – 69 min. – Sweden – English – colour Views war as a futuristic sporting event where it seems as if games are being played for a television audience.
 * 1971 : Punishment Park – 88 min. – United States – English – colour Based on the "siege mentality" of the police force during the 1970s. Protesters are given a choice for sentencing, and "Punishment Park" is one of the choices, in which the protesters must endure a three-day-long contest in a barren desert without food, while being pursued by armed National Guardsmen.
 * 1974 : Edvard Munch – 174 min (Theatrical) / 210 min (TV) – Sweden and Norway – English and Norvegian – colour Munch's life, emphasising his early years.
 * 1975 : The Seventies People – 127 min. – Denmark – Danish – colour Filmed for television, The Seventies Folk explores how the average citizen deals with the stress, life, work, school and family; resulting in the high suicide rate in Denmark.
 * 1975 : The Trap – 65 min. – Sweden – Swedish – colour In the year 1999, totalitarianism prevails with the U.S.S.R. and U.S.A. colluding to govern the world by strict rules. Chaos erupts on the surface but state employees live safely underground. A radical and his son, visit his brother John's family in the bunkers and the discourse grows hot.
 * 1977 : Evening Land (Aftenlandet) – 109 min. – Denmark – Danish – colour, entered into the 10th Moscow International Film Festival. Portrays a fictitious Europe where the building of four nuclear missile capable submarines while the workers building them are shafted, leads to a group of radicals kidnapping the Danish EEC Minister in protest. Danish police deal brutally with the strikers, as well as the 'terrorists'.
 * 1988 : The Journey (Resan) – 873 min. – Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, USSR, Sweden, Norway – English, French – black and white, colour The Journey: A Film for Peace; weaves together family interviews, the global arms race, survivors of the bombings in Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Hamburg, community psychodramas of possible disaster scenarios, and works by other artists - from more than 100 hours of footage. Filmed in the United States, Canada, Norway, Scotland, France, West Germany, Mozambique, Japan, Australia, Tahiti, and Mexico.
 * 1991: The Media Project - 120 min. - Australia - colour Discusses and critiques the Australian media coverage of the first gulf war and the way most news is made.
 * 1994 : The Freethinker – 276 min. – Sweden – Swedish – colour Documentary portrait of the life of playwright August Strindberg, and the role of an artist, cultural critic, freethinker in society. The film unfolds in slow, non-chronological scenes, broken up by intertitles; with actors sometimes stepping out of character to comment on the characters they are playing, and incorporates scenes of ordinary people discussing issues the film raises.
 * 2000 : La Commune – 375 min. (full-length version) – France – French – black and white A historical re-enactment in a documentary style, of the situation after Napoleon III's defeat in which a group of working-class radicals formed the National Guard, refused to accept the authority of the French government and ruled Paris for four months.

About Peter Watkins

 * 2001 : The Universal Clock: The Resistance of Peter Watkins is a 77-minute documentary film about Watkins and the making of La Commune. The film is directed by Geoff Bowie and produced by the National Film Board of Canada. The universal clock refers to the synchronisation and the global movement of the televisions in the world, calibrated to be diffused anywhere around the globe, at any time.
 * 2001 : Peter Watkins – Lituania, Rebond for la Commune and Peter Watkins

title: Peter Watkins


text:
Muskingum University

Muskingum University is a private university in New Concord, Ohio. Chartered in 1837 as Muskingum College, the institution is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA). New Concord is located in far eastern Muskingum County, which derives its name from the Muskingum River. Muskingum offers more than 60 academic majors. Graduate programs are offered in education and management information systems, strategy and technology. Muskingum's campus consists of 21 buildings, a football stadium, and a small lake which all sit atop 225 acre of rolling hills overlooking New Concord. Alumni are referred to as the "Long Magenta Line" and students (both past and present) are known simply as "Muskies" while its athletic teams are called the "Fighting Muskies".

History
In 1827, the National Road (now US 40) was laid through what is now New Concord, roughly following what had been the primitive roadway known as Zane's Trace. A year later, the village of New Concord was established by Scotch-Irish Presbyterians. On July 9, 1836, the first recorded meeting of the "Friends of Education" in New Concord, led by residents Samuel Willson and Benjamin Waddle, was held. A year later, the Ohio General Assembly authorized the creation of a college in New Concord after being petitioned by the "Friends of Education" committee. On April 24, 1837, Muskingum College opened. Muskingum became a coeducational institution in 1854. In 1958, the United Presbyterian Church of North America and the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America merged by signing a historic agreement in Brown Chapel on Muskingum's campus. In 2001, the school's women's softball team captured the NCAA Division III National Championship, the school's first national title.

In 2009, Muskingum College achieved university status to become Muskingum University.

Academics
Muskingum has been continuously accredited by the North Central Association of College and Secondary Schools or one of its successors since 1919. "The school up on the hill", as it is sometimes called by locals, offers Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees at the undergraduate level, and at the graduate level Master of Information Strategy Systems and Technology, Master of Arts in Education, and Master of Arts in Teaching graduate degrees. The university offers 44 academic majors along with a large number of minors, nine pre-professional programs (including pre-law and pre-medicine) and teaching licensure.

Campus
Most of Muskingum's academic buildings are clustered around a traditional quad near the southern part of the campus. The quad is bordered by Montgomery Hall and the College Library to the south, Caldwell Hall, Cambridge Hall and the Student/Faculty Center to the west, the Recreation Center and John Glenn Gym to the north and Boyd Science Center to the east. Brown Chapel sits on the southeastern corner of the quad.
 * Paul Hall (1873) is the oldest building on Muskingum's campus. Two previous versions of this building burnt down early in the school's history. This third structure is named for Dr. David Paul, president of the college from 1865 to 1879. The building, which currently houses the art department, is registered as a National Historic Site.
 * Johnson Hall (1899) is named for Dr. Jesse Johnson, Muskingum's president from 1883 to 1902. Renovated in 1977, it contained art studios, the Louis Palmer Gallery and a 160-seat proscenium thrust theater. Johnson Hall was torn down in 2008.
 * The Little Theater (1900) was constructed for physical education purposes and remodeled in 1943 for theatrical use, and was used as classroom space primarily in theatre until it was torn down in 2009.
 * Brown Chapel (1912) is a multi-purpose building which serves the college as a church, chapel, auditorium and classroom. The chapel was named for J.M. Brown, a benefactor of the college and long-time member of the school's board of trustees.
 * Montgomery Hall (1921) is the administrative hub of the campus, containing administrative and faculty offices and classrooms. The building is named for Dr. John Knox Montgomery Sr., president of Muskingum from 1904 until 1931, and the unofficial "Father of Muskingum College".
 * Cambridge Hall (1929) was built largely with funds contributed by citizens of nearby Cambridge, Ohio. Along with classrooms, the business, English, political science, psychology, sociology, history departments.
 * John Glenn Gym (1935) was named in 1962 in honor of the distinguished astronaut-senator graduate. It houses two gymnasiums, a swimming pool, recreation and intramural equipment and coaches' offices.
 * The Student/Faculty Center (1960) includes the campus center, snack bar, mailroom, bookstore, and meeting rooms. It also houses the Student Life Office, the Office of Career Services, Internships and Leadership Development, Student Senate, Student Activities, Counseling and Special Events.
 * Boyd Science Center (1971) is a four-floor building housing the biology, chemistry, geology, mathematics, modern languages, computer science and physics departments.
 * Anne C. Steele Center (1986) is a four-story building named for Dr. Anne C. Steele, Muskingum's 20th president, and first female president. Muskingum's Opening Convocation and Commencement are held each year in the center.  It houses a 2,800-seat gym, dance rooms, racquetball courts, weight room, athletic training room and locker rooms.  It also houses the physical education department and the athletic department.
 * Caldwell Hall (2004) a 32000 ft. sq., state-of-the-art facility houses Muskingum's speech, journalism and theatre programs, and graphic arts initiative. This 21st century instructional space features multi-media classrooms, computer-aided design laboratory, lecture hall, seminar rooms, exhibit hall, radio and television studios, a 250-seat theatre, recital hall and cinema, costume & set design laboratories, tech support areas and an experimental theatre/rehearsal hall.
 * Chess Center (2008) a 23000 ft. sq., state-of-the-art campus center. featuring a three-level forum where students gather, socialize, study, work, & work out. The innovative design of this new building also "bridges" the east and west hills of the campus.
 * The Neptune Center (2008) This building is home for the Art Department's program in ceramics, sculpture, and other three-dimensional creative work.
 * Walter Hall (2010) - Dedicated in April 2011. It became the new home for the music program, world languages and the Center for the Advancement of Learning (PLUS program).
 * Roberta A. Smith Library (2016) This new facility houses the new library as well as the Teacher Preparation Program.
 * Louis O. Palmer Gallery (2013) The Palmer Gallery is a teaching gallery designed to showcase the work of Muskingum students, faculty, alumni, and guest artists. It features a central gallery, auxiliary spaces to support events, and environmentally-friendly solar panels to help support its electricity consumption.

Fraternities and sororities
The university has five active fraternities: Phi Kappa Tau, Phi Kappa Psi, Kappa Sigma, Ulster (local), and M.A.C.E. (local). The Muskingum chapters of Phi Kappa Tau and Kappa Sigma both trace their roots to local fraternities, Alban and Sphynx. The university also has four active sororities: Chi Alpha Nu (local), FAD (local), Delta Gamma Theta (local), and Theta Phi Alpha.

Athletics
Muskingum competes athletically in the NCAA as a Division III school and as one of the first and longest affiliated members of the Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC). M.U.'s teams compete under the name the Fighting Muskies. Its mascot is the Fighting Muskie (muskellunge), the largest member of the pike family.

Rather than using the traditional magenta, Muskies athletics wear black and red. The school's main athletic rival is fellow OAC competitor the Marietta College Pioneers (which ironically was originally called the Muskingum Academy when established in 1797). Muskingum fields teams in American football, men's and women's basketball, women's volleyball, baseball, women's softball, wrestling and men's and women's indoor track, outdoor track, soccer, tennis, cross country, lacrosse, and golf. Muskingum has won 79 Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) Championships, since the school joined the conference in 1923.

In the 41 seasons between 1926 and 1966, Muskingum won 12 OAC football championships, ten outright, and two shared. Six of those championships were won from 1945 to 1966 when the team was led by College Football Hall of Fame member Ed Sherman, a former Muskingum quarterback. In Sherman's last three seasons, the Muskies represented the OAC in the Grantland Rice Bowl in 1964 and 1966.

Notable alumni
Collectively, Muskingum's alumni are referred to as the "Long Magenta Line".

Former astronaut and U.S. senator John Glenn grew up in New Concord and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering from Muskingum in 1943. He was awarded an honorary degree from Muskingum in 1961, and announced his retirement from the United States Senate in Brown Chapel live on national television in 1997. Upon his retirement, Glenn donated his archives to the Ohio State University, with special conditions that Muskingum students could benefit from the collection at any time.

title: Muskingum University


text:
Edvard Munch (film)

Edvard Munch is a 1974 biographical film about the Norwegian Expressionist painter Edvard Munch, written and directed by English filmmaker Peter Watkins. It was originally created as a three-part miniseries co-produced by the Norwegian and Swedish state television networks NRK and SVT, but subsequently gained an American theatrical release in a three-hour version in 1976. The film covers about thirty years of Munch's life, focusing on the influences that shaped his art, particularly the prevalence of disease and death in his family and his youthful affair with a married woman. The film was screened at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival, but wasn't entered into the main competition.

Style
Like Watkins' other films, Edvard Munch uses a docudrama approach; scenes from Munch's life are re-enacted by a large cast (mostly Norwegian non-professional actors), but there is also a voiceover narration by Watkins, and there are moments when the characters speak directly to camera, as if being interviewed about their own lives or their opinions of Munch. Some of the dialogue was improvised by the cast, especially in the interview segments. To convey the hostile response Munch's work often received during his lifetime, Watkins recruited Norwegians who genuinely disliked the paintings.

Distribution and responses
After its initial broadcast, the film was briefly an international success but was not widely available for many years afterward. Watkins has said that network officials tried to suppress its distribution, and tried to bar it from competition in the Cannes Film Festival, because they disapproved of its use of non-professional actors and anachronistic dialogue. After NRK relinquished rights to the film in 2002, it gained a wider international release.

Ingmar Bergman called the film a "work of genius".

Cast

 * Geir Westby as Edvard Munch
 * Gro Fraas as Fru Heiberg
 * Johan Halsbog	as Dr. Christian Munch
 * Lotte Teig as Laura Cathrine Bjølstad
 * Gro Jarto as Laura Cathrine Munch
 * Rachel Pedersen as Inger Marie Munch
 * Berit Rytter Hasle as Laura Munch
 * Gunnar Skjetne as Peter Andreas Munch
 * Kare Stormark as Hans Jæger
 * Eli Ryg as Oda Lasson
 * Iselin Bast as Dagny Juell
 * Alf Kåre Strindberg as August Strindberg
 * Eric Allum as Edvard - 1868
 * Amund Berge as Edvard - 1875
 * Kerstii Allum as Sophie - 1868
 * Inger-Berit Oland as Sophie - 1875
 * Susan Troldmyr as Laura - 1868
 * Camilla Falk as Laura - 1875
 * Ragnvald Caspari as Peter - 1868
 * Erik Kristiansen as Peter - 1875
 * Katja Pedersen as Inger - 1868
 * Anne-Marie Dæhli as Inger - 1875

title: Edvard Munch (film)


text:
Araçatuba

Araçatuba is a city located in the northwest of São Paulo state, Brazil. The city has 198,129 inhabitants (IBGE/2020) and spans 1167.4 km2. The city name comes from the Tupi language and means "abundance of araçá (a fruit, Psidium cattleianum)". Araçatuba is located 532 km from São Paulo.

History
Araçatuba was founded on December 2, 1908, and officially established as a municipality on December 8, 1921.

Economy
The Tertiary sector is the most relevant for Araçatuba, corresponding to 79.35% of the city GDP. The Primary sector corresponds to 1.68% of the GDP and the Industry corresponds to 18.97%. Agro-industrial activities are relevant in the region.

Microregion of Araçatuba
Araçatuba is the center of a Microregion with a population of 256,560 inhabitants (IBGE/2010) an area of 5,365.6 km2. This region includes the cities of Bento de Abreu, Guararapes, Lavinia, Rubiácea, Coroados, Santo Antônio do Aracanguá and Valparaíso.

Media
In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

Transportation

 * SP-300 Rodovia Marechal Cândido Rondon
 * SP-463 Rodovia Elyeser Magalhães

The city is served by the "Dario Guarita Airport".

Motorcycles and scooters account for 37% of the total number of vehicles in the city, much higher than the country's average of 27%.

Events
The Expô Araçatuba is one of the country's largest agricultural fairs.

Sport
The local football team is Associação Esportiva Araçatuba. Past clubs include Clube Atlético Ferroviário, Araçatuba Futebol Clube, and Atlético Esportivo Araçatuba.

Photo gallery

title: Araçatuba


text: User:Ezra Wax/Jewish news

title: User:Ezra Wax/Jewish news


text:
Talk:Frank Klees

Untitled
I think that Frank Klees is a man of integrity and would be a great Premier!!!! Go Frank!!!

[Unsigned Opinion from IP 24.103.175.1 - NYC.rr.com] —Preceding unsigned comment added by TerrificInTahoma (talk • contribs) 16:33, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Kees Run for Leadership Race 2009
In the Bio, the reference to 'Tory' is a bit ambiguous due to the naming of the former leader's last name also being 'Tory'. Applying edit to context of paragraphs where 'Tory' adverb would be replaced with 'PC'. TerrificInTahoma (talk) 16:27, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

ad copy?
reads like ad copy / campaign pamphlet, see "had grown into a significant enterprise" etc. etc. Ryan Stoughton (talk) 13:48, 22 May 2009 (UTC)

External links modified
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To add to article
To add to this article: mention of the June 1, 2022 revelations about a back channel Klees helped to organize between Doug Ford and Russian officials. 173.88.246.138 (talk) 03:28, 3 June 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Frank Klees


text:
Talk:Tamils

Indrapala source query
We cite K. Indrapala's Evolution of an Ethnic Identity. Da Silva absolutely roasted that work in a long review, and even Indrapala admitted he had completely changed his mind in the years since he originally studied the subject for his PhD. The intervening period saw the rise of Tamil nationalism & Da Silva suggests this accounts for Indrapala's change of heart.

is the review. I am not for now suggesting we don't use it as a source but it does look like we may need to take care. I have seen a couple of other, lesser reviews that are pretty dismissive, too. - Sitush (talk) 22:42, 25 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Da Silva is not a historian but a diplomat, and is an unreliable, heavily biased source. He even makes a crazy claim that the Koneswaram Kovil, which we have huge evidence for in inscriptions and literature, was actually a Buddhist temple. Really his words can not be taken seriously. Certainly not above Indrapala.Metta79 (talk) 19:57, 26 February 2021 (UTC)

 * I've re-read Bandu De Silva 'roasting', Its frankly embarrassing. He is denying the clear overwhelming evidence of a early iron age Dravidian substratum in Sri Lanka, which recent unbiased Sinhalese scholars such as Sudharshan Seneviratne have uncovered. A good summary of those findings can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBV9xNQDA8w

 * Indrapala merely reiterated these findings in his new book. Unfortunately, Sri Lankan Archaeology and History departments are heavily biased, so all evidence of prior Dravidian habitation on the island is being erased from the history books.Metta79 (talk) 20:19, 26 February 2021 (UTC)

 * I have no idea about de Silva's expertise but his paper is recent and published in a reliable, peer-reviewed academic journal & so cannot reasonably be ignored. Nor can we ignore Indrapala's change of heart, if indeed it is a change of heart. We don't usually get to pick and choose in these circumstances. - Sitush (talk) 11:19, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

 * The Sri Lankan branch of RAS is no longer reliable and has poor peer review. It is run by Sinhalese anti-Tamil racists (I am not going to mince my words). Unfortunately, it brings disrepute to the RAS brand.Metta79 (talk) 12:37, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

 * In that case, it may need to be discussed at WP:RSN. Do you have any actual evidence of this, & I mean from independent sources. Academics should have picked up on it. (Please can you try to get your indents right? This is the 3rd time I have had to fix them here and it is a pain on mobile.) - Sitush (talk) 15:06, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Well when the last two presidents of the organisation (a married couple) make incendiary statements like this, to expect neutrality from them is laughable:

 * https://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=28217

 * http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/Royal-Asiatic-Society-Sri-Lanka-needs-women-and-diversity-153808.html

 * “They [Mr. and Mrs. Goonatilake] were not interested in making the [RASSL] journal academic. Their political interests were put into the journal. Most of the writers were chosen from their inner circle,” Professor Paranavithana tells me. I ask him about his forced exit from the RASSL allegedly over his treacherous willingness to commemorate Portuguese imperialism in SL in the early 16th century."
 * “They argued that the Portuguese have done wrong things, so they shouldn’t be commemorated. Meanwhile, I got the permission from the council and went to Paris to speak in that conference [to commemorate the 500-year anniversary of Portuguese advent in Sri Lanka]. It was organized by the Gulbenkian Foundation. While I was away, Susantha started writing that I am a traitor, I am participating in these people’s conferences, etc. He circulated letters.”
 * Most of the journals from south asia are substandard unfortunately and in many cases overtly politicised. Metta79 (talk) 19:11, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I have fixed your indents again. You haven't really addressed the problem, as neither tamilnet nor Darshanie Ratnawalli are independent of the Tamil community. I don't know who was on the journal's peer review board at the time of the de Silva paper being approved but I see absolutely no problem with a husband and wife having common involvement - the Bayleys might be another example of such. Note: I am not saying you are wrong, merely that there are a lot of aspersions cast in this troubled area & it would be good to have independent support for your statement that the RASSL journal should not be considered reliable from some unspecified date. Sitush (talk) 21:27, 27 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Darshanie Ratnawalli is a SINHALESE. Metta79 (talk) 21:42, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

Fixed your indents yet again. You haven't got them right once here.Ratnawalli is right in the middle of the Tamil/Sinhalese situation - it really needs someone from outside of it - the same applies with academic credibility disputes that involve, say, Jewish Zionists and those Jews who are opposed to it. - Sitush (talk) 12:23, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

Minahan redux
- a 2012 source. "TTo our knowledge, there is no scientific review of Minahan's work which evaluates the reliability and validity of the information Minahan presents in his articles. Although Francis Fukuyama (1996) published a very short review of Minahan's early edition of his encyclopedia, it does not give much information about the reliability of the book. Many scholars writing on nationalism started referring to this encyclopedia as a primary source, yet these studies do not provide an evaluation of the work as well...We do not claim the comprehensiveness of the database we compiled. On the contrary we realize that there are many factual errors and inconsistencies in Minahan's encyclopedia. Furthermore based on our reliability analysis, we were not able to validate the information regarding some of these "stateless nations". Of course absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence, yet for our purposes we did not add the stateless nations we could not validate into our analysis. However we believe that this encyclopedia can be utilized for a macro-analysis which attempts to understand the differences among diverse nationalist movements from all over the world." Doug Weller (talk • contribs) 17:25, 27 February 2021 (UTC)

Tissamaharama Tamil Brahmi inscription
Presently scholars identify this as a Brahmi inscription and not a Tamil Brahmi Inscription. Read the article Tissamaharama inscription No. 53. Sources: (1) Falk, H. (2014). Owners’ Graffiti on Pottery from Tissamaharama. Zeitschrift für Archäologie Aussereuropäischer Kulturen. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag. pp.45-94 (2) Dias, M. (2021). The South Indian ascendancy depicted in the Tamil inscriptions in Sri Lanka from the 3rd century BCE to 12th century ACE. Ancient Ceylon. No.27. pp.43-58. -- L Manju (talk) 17:25, 9 July 2023 (UTC)

 * No not all presently scholars identify this as brahmi inscription. Some identify this as Tamil Brahmi inscription. You first read the article you mentioned, out of 5 scholars, 3 identify it as Tamil brahmi. So your statement is not correct that presently scholars identify this as brahmi not Tamil brahmi. Ranithraj (talk) 06:24, 10 January 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tamils


text:
Talk:RLC circuit

The titular circuit cartoon is really bad
It's not acceptable to instead of drawing a circuit diagram draw a not-to-scale illustration with physical components connected through non-physical wire, using a (value)-large inductor as you might still find it in modern devices, a through-hole resistor that you wouldn't find, and a 1970's style film capacitor. I had to look for a minute at the figure and was wondering what it was trying to tell me. (I'm an electrical engineer, so maybe a bit overqualified for that kind of wondering, overthinking it?)

My take-away was that it wants to show a "typical" selection of components and how they are connected. At that it terribly fails. Marcusmueller ettus (talk) 21:54, 10 March 2023 (UTC)

Tuned circuit photo
> > Tuned circuit of a shortwave radio transmitter. This circuit does not have a resistor like the above, but all tuned circuits have some resistance, causing them to function as an RLC circuit.

Not sure this is really appropriate, as while it may technically be an RLC circuit due to resistance from non-ideality, all components have non-ideality in them. Noticed the exact same photo's also been uploaded to the page for LC circuit. 195.171.252.91 (talk) 14:09, 18 July 2023 (UTC)

Figure 2
Figure 2 is incorrect. It shows a voltage source in parallel with a resistor as the source portion of the circuit, which is a degenerate case -- the resistor has absolutely no effect on the remainder of the circuit. Instead of a voltage source, it should be a current source. First Harmonic (talk) 02:44, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:RLC circuit


text: User talk:64.233.226.122

title: User talk:64.233.226.122


text: Template:Center

title: Template:Center


text:
Category:Pseudoscience

Pseudoscience is a broad group of theories or assertions about the natural world that claim or appear to be scientific, but that are not accepted as scientific by the scientific community. Pseudoscience does not include most obsolete scientific or medical theories (see ), nor does it include every idea that currently lacks sufficient scientific evidence (e.g. String theory). There is admittedly the demarcation problem, but this category comprises well-known topics that are generally considered pseudoscientific by the scientific community (such as astrology) and topics that have very few followers and are obviously pseudoscientific (such as the modern belief in a flat Earth). The pejorative term itself is contested by various groups for various reasons. Generally speaking, if an article belongs in this category, the article's lead will contain a well-sourced statement that the subject is considered pseudoscience. For people who advocate for these subjects, see Category:Advocates of pseudoscience.

title: Category:Pseudoscience


text:
Stephen Kakfwi

Stephen Kakfwi (born 1950 in Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories ) is a Canadian politician, who was the ninth premier of the Northwest Territories. His sixteen-year tenure in the cabinet of the Northwest Territories is the longest in the Territories' history.

Early life
Stephen Kakfwi was born on 1950 in a traditional Dene bush camp at Fort Good Hope, Northwest Territories to full-blooded Slavey parents. His parents were non-status Slavey due to his grandfather waiving his treaty rights in order to own property and run a fur-trading business. At an early age, Kakfwi was sent away to residential schools in Inuvik, Yellowknife and Fort Smith. During the 1970s, Kakfwi attended the University of Alberta to complete a teacher's degree, but early in that decade he returned to his Fort Good Hope community during a time in which many Aboriginal Canadians were beginning to organize politically to demand recognition of their land and self-government rights.

Political career
In the 1970s the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline was proposed. Kakfwi identified the danger this proposal posed to his community's homeland, and fought tirelessly against the proposal, organizing groups of Dene and Métis. Eventually, the Government of Canada established the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry, commissioned by Justice Thomas R. Berger. The 1977-8 recommendations against building a pipeline through the Northwest Territories for the time being were considered by Kakfwi as a "political badge of honour".

In 1980 Kakfwi ran against Georges Erasmus for the Dene leadership, but lost. In 1983, Kakfwi again ran for the position of President of the Dene Nation and won, as Erasmus, his 1980 opponent, had been elected grand chief of the Assembly of First Nations. As President of the Dene Nation, Kakfwi established both the Northwest Territories Dene Cultural Institute and Indigenous Survival International (the latter was focused on hunting rights, particularly in the Arctic). He also aided in land rights efforts and helped to develop a framework for land claim negotiations. In 1984 and 1987, Pope John Paul II had scheduled visits to the Northwest Territories, an effort made possible by the work of Kakfwi. Although the 1984 visit was subsequently cancelled due to poor weather, Kakfwi continued to campaign for a visit in 1987.

In 1987, Kakfwi was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories, representing the constituency of Sahtu, of 254,000 square kilometres in area. During his sixteen-year tenure in the Legislative Assembly, ending in 2003, Kakfwi played key roles in initiatives ranging from economic development by encouraging the creation of diamond cutting and polishing industries in close proximity to local diamond mines, through to his promotion of Aboriginal rights, especially during his term as Premier of the Northwest Territories from 2000 to 2003. His sixteen-year tenure in the cabinet of the Northwest Territories is the longest in the Territories' history. Kakfwi continues to play an active role in the development of the Northwest Territories through his advisory position to WWF Canada.

In 2014, he founded Canadians for a New Partnership, a coalition with a goal to build a new partnership between First Peoples and all Canadians.

In July 2017, he was appointed to the Supreme Court Advisory Board by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. The board's mandate is to provide an independent, merit-based recommendation to fill the vacancy created by the upcoming retirement of Chief Justice Beverley McLachlin.

Awards
In 1997, Kakfwi was awarded the National Aboriginal Achievement Award for public service for his leadership role in Northern Canada.

In October 2013, he was awarded the Governor General's Northern Medal by David Johnston.

Personal life
Kakfwi is married to Marie Wilson and has three children and four grandchildren.

title: Stephen Kakfwi