text:
1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China

The 1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China was adopted and enacted on September 20, 1954, through the first session of the First National People’s Congress in Beijing. This constitution was amended and formulated on the basis of the Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, which served as a provisional constitution in 1949, and is the first constitution of the People's Republic of China. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China is the fundamental law of the People's Republic of China and has the highest legal effect.

Introduction
This constitution was published based upon 2 documents: one is “The Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPCPCC)”, and the other one is “The Organic Law of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China”. The Constitution of 1954 was the first constitution of socialism in China. In the constitution of 1954, it includes the Preamble, four chapters, 106 articles, and it defines “the national flag of People’s Republic of China is a red flag with 5 stars” (Art 104); “the national emblem of the People’s Republic of China is: in the centre, Tien An Men under the light of five stars, and encircled by ears of grain and a cogwheel.” (Art 105); and “the capital of People’s Republic of China is Peking (Beijing).” (Art 106). During the development of socialism, the Constitution of 1954 stipulated the task for the ongoing Chinese communist state. Compared with the Common Program of 1949, the constitution of 1954 narrowed the definition of the regime in China. Under this situation, China finally became a Communist country. On the eve of the Cultural Revolution, Liu Shaoqi, then the Chairman of the People's Republic of China, fell victim to the Red Guards. Although constitutionally Liu could only be removed by the National People's Congress, since the force of the dawning Cultural Revolution was too great, the Communist Party hierarchy intervened and expelled Liu from office.

The 1954 Constitution was replaced in the midst of the Cultural Revolution by the 1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China. Books published in the PRC since the 1980s regarded it and the 1978 Constitution with "serious errors". In the 1954 Constitution, the Chairman (now translated as President) could convene Supreme State Conferences—emergency meetings. This Presidential right was never seen again in later promulgations of the Chinese constitution.

Summary of the constitution of 1954
The first chapter in the Constitution of 1954 includes 20 articles and it deals with the general issue of defining social and economic structure. In the first chapter, it gave the primary definition of “the nature of regime, the structure of ownership, people’s property rights and so on.” Heavily considering the state of the country at the time, the first part of the constitution emphasized the equality between the Han nationality and the other fifty-five minority nationalities.

The second chapter consists of 64 articles; this part stipulated the relationship between “the national people’s congress (NPC), Chairman of China, State Council, and the local people’s congress, the local people’s councils” with “the Organs of self-government of National Autonomous Areas, the people’s courts and the people’s Procuratorates”.

The third chapter indicates rights and duties of the country’s citizen. It guarantees the equality of each citizen and it prohibits racial discrimination and oppression. This chapter consists of 19 articles and it protects a citizen’s customs, habits and religious beliefs.

The last chapter, which is the fourth chapter, stipulates the national flag, the national emblem and the capital of PRC.


text:
Aptalis

Aptalis was a company in the pharmaceutical industry. In January 2014, the company was acquired by Forest Laboratories (acquired by Allergan) for $675 million. Through a series of acquisitions, the company is now a contract development and manufacturing organization and rebranded as Adare Phama Solutions, headquartered in Lawrenceville, New Jersey.

Merger of predecessor companies: Axcan and Eurand
Axcan specialized in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Formerly traded publicly on NASDAQ, Axcan was acquired by TPG Capital in 2008. Eurand Pharmaceuticals was a producer and contract manufacturer of sustained release dosage forms or taste-masked pharmaceutical dosage forms. Both Axcan and Eurand produced and marketed versions of the drug pancrelipase, which is used in the treatment of symptoms related to cystic fibrosis.

In 2011, Eurand Pharmaceuticals and Axcan Pharma merged to form Aptalis.

Product launches
In June 2011, the company received approval from the Food and Drug Administration to sell a low strength version of ZENPEP (pancrelipase) capsules formulated for infants with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency due to cystic fibrosis.

On January 9, 2012, the company announced an agreement to market RECTIV, an ointment for the treatment of anal fissure, in the United States.

On January 18, 2012, the company announced that its partner, Gilead Sciences, received approval for the oral powder formulation of Viread (tenofovir disoproxil).

On September 3, 2013, the company launched PYLERA capsules (Bismuth subcitrate/metronidazole/tetracycline), which, in combination with omeprazole, is indicated for the treatment of patients with helicobacter pylori infections.

Acquisition of the company by Forest Laboratories
In January 2014, Forest Laboratories (now part of Allergan) announced that it had agreed to acquire Aptalis for $2.9 billion in cash.

Aptalis withdrew its planned initial public offering after the announcement.

In April 2015, TPG Capital acquired Aptalis Pharmaceutical Technologies and the company was renamed Adare Pharmaceuticals.

In September, 2020, Thomas Lee Partners and Frazier Healthcare acquired Adare Pharmaceuticals and turned into a contract development and manufacturing organization.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Aptalis


text:
Talk:Bernard-Henri Lévy

Photograph
Can´t we get a better photograph?
 * Indented line I'm reading up on Levy for the first time, Photo + criticism section make him seem like a jerk. Don't most living phillosopher's entries make them look like jerks? He is more than a jerk, he is dangerous as he is willing to declare war (without French people agreement) to any country not in tune with his vision of the world — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.102.243.152 (talk) 07:06, 30 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Of all the photos of him that exist, we get one in which his hand covers half of his face. Smart.96.235.138.179 (talk) 05:03, 17 October 2017 (UTC)Adolf Fiddler
 * I think it's a good photograph. Bus stop (talk) 05:08, 17 October 2017 (UTC)
 * I like the top photograph, he seems brooding, interesting. Funny the 2nd photograph in the article also has hand covering face. -- do  ncr  am  18:16, 17 October 2017 (UTC)

Booksellers
I have put the link to the French Amazon site in for the readers' convenience. While there may be other booksellers who have these books readily available, the French Amazon site is easy and convenient. I see no harm in it and a little good. What is the problem with having it? Nobody is buying his book anyway. Without the fortune and the influence of his family he would be totally unknown as he gets no talent at all and no credit among philosph and writer.Fred Bauder 17:23, Aug 3, 2004 (UTC)

POV
The uses of words like "lofty" (which has "pompous" and "arrogant" as connotations) or "lavish" are, in my opinion out of place. Even worse is something like "he is nonetheless often lampooned as the archetypal pretentious". Levy is a controversial figure and the article, as it is now, does illustrate very well the polarization that his image creates--it does, however, sound quite informal and opinionated, which come out--again, in my opinion, as biased. I think the article lacks references (e.g. by whom is he "often lampooned as the archetypal pretentious Left Bank intellectual"?) and need to be seroiusly reworded. I do not, however, that the neutrality of the article is terrible--thus i left the POV tag on this talk page and not in the actual article page. J4vier Apr 8, 2005
 * I'm moving the POV check back to the main article. This tag should not be put on the talk page as the template itself references the talk page (which is redlinked from this page).  Also, POV checks in talk pages almost never get looked at. -- ShinmaWa(talk) 20:05, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I'm fixing what I can. I speak French, so I'm starting to borrow stuff from the French article. I'm also trying to cite as many claims as possible. Any help is much appreciated. I can only work on it in spurts. Thanks! I understand French too and what BHL is saying and doing is just horrific. French people lost their freedom of speech and thinking thanks to his habit to accuse of antisemitism the people he disagree with! There is no more dialog possible in France concerning middle-east policy --AaronS 18:09, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Sourcing?
Some phrases from this article seem to be lifted from the Guardian profile on Levy in a manner that borders on plagiarism, especially the second-to-last paragraph.
 * I wouldn't call it plagiarism, but it is true that much of the "personality" stuff does seem to come from that article. Since he just came out with a book, there's quite a few more articles on him. I'm going to see if I can diversify our sources. --AaronS 18:10, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

"Combat" paper
"Lévy is also a pre-eminent journalist, having started his career as a war reporter for Combat, the famous underground newspaper founded by Camus during the Nazi occupation of France."

When and where the paper was founded seems a bit tangental (and distracting) to me, considering Lévy wasn't even born before the occupation ended. If the paper is interesting enough, it should have its own page we can link to. But either way, I suggest removing the paper founding specifics from the "Biography" section. -- Or at the very least, include Camus's full name. BHL is a liar and pretends to be someone is not. He is a joke in France.--JMD 17:31, 7 February 2006 (UTC)

Where are the evidences BHL wrote for Combat? This article is biased and the more it is changed the more biased it becomes. This is the work of Basbara. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Justana (talk • contribs) 06:55, 10 March 2017 (UTC)

Start class
With a little work this would be B class. Use uniform citations, currently inline and footnotes are both used. Also the lead needs to be expanded. It also appears everything comes from one source, to get to anything above B class there should be some variety, and an appropriate infobox is needed. Aboutmovies 02:53, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

WikiProject class rating
This article was automatically assessed because at least one WikiProject had rated the article as start, and the rating on other projects was brought up to start class. BetacommandBot 03:48, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

Article Summary
The last sentence of this read, "The french philosopher Gilles Deleuze wrote that what the "new philosophers" pretended to bring was in fact totally empty and that the world didn't wait for them to start thinking correctly." I deleted this as it seemed entirely unnecessary and combative. Also, it's very telling that "French" was left uncapitalized. -- infiniteawe 18:26, 20 August 2008 (UTC) You deleted the best phrase of the article because of your agenda. The first sentence of the summary reads:

"Throughout his long media career (almost 40 years), aka BHL "Botul" cultural agent and geopolitics of the ultra-Zionist movement, was regularly exposed and denounced for his approximations, lies, fabrications and other accommodation with truth."

Is this vandalism or what? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.246.78.41 (talk) 13:54, 28 June 2015 (UTC)

Phony footnote
Some genius asserted that Henri-Levy's book about following Tocqueville's tour was "widely panned by critics," then in support gave one footnote to a single negative review. This is the kind of phony sourcing that, among other dishonesties, makes Wikipedia such a farce. J M Rice (talk) 14:07, 1 February 2009 (UTC)

The only farce here is Levy himself. It is an honour for him to have such a long article on wiki, considering the uge nonentity he is. There should be no problem to find negative criticism, if not in english, then in french --Erikantoine (talk) 17:53, 3 January 2011 (UTC)

Junkie
He is often accused of being a homosexual and a drug addict, those things should be mentioned, since its more then likely that they are true. Also the part about "concentration camps" should be changed, since he is pretty much the only one who called it "concentration camps", those were prisons and no one spent more then a few weeks in them and all who went to those camps were islamist fundamentalists and jihadists, many of them were also Al Qaida members.

Levy is not respected by anyone any more and this article should be written in that light! --СССССС (talk) 18:15, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

 * To say "its more then likely that they are true" is to talk dogmatic, subjective nonsense. By the way, it's "than," not "then." In addition, "its" should be "it's." Also, "islamists" should be capitalized so that it is "Islamists." These points are elementary and should be evident to anyone with a few years of public schooling.Lestrade (talk) 00:28, 24 January 2010 (UTC)Lestrade

Filmmaker
Not a line about his hilarious film "Le Jour et la Nuit" ( "Day and Night", 1997 ), with Arielle Dombasle, Alain Delon, Lauren Bacall ?... 83.154.15.189 (talk) 21:47, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Endorsement of Botulism
Can a knowledgeable editor please fill us in on the apparently farcical citation by Lévy of the fictional philosopher Botul in "On War in Philosophy"? The quote from Lévy in the New York Times on 9 Feb, 2010: “My source of information is books, not Wikipedia.” The pieces I have seen are funny, but also extremely damaging to the reputation of philosophy. That's why someone with a good NPOV context can really do some good here. Thanks! Phytism (talk) 12:26, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

Support Irak War
"He drew controversy due to his support of the Iraq War, in 2003." That's not what he said ! If he supported Iraq War in 2003, he "changed" is mind thereafter, which I wouldn't be surprised of. I clearly remember him in a tv-show ("tout le monde en parle", of thierry Ardisson), talking about his book on Daniel Pearl, and when Ardisson evoked the Iraq War, BHL answered : "No, from the very first day I was agains't the war. I said that the US governement was, at the time, runned by fools, that it wouldn't work, that it would be worst, and so on..." Then came Romain Goupil, the french filmaker and one of the very rare in France to support publicly the war in Iraq. BHL started to look embarrassed. And when Goupil saluted him and called him "my friend", Ardisson asked : "do you know each other", "Of course", replied Goupil, "we've known each other for a very long time" to which BHL immediately said : "we didn't agree on the Iraq War." "Indeed, we didn't, and I regret it", said Goupil. So, if he really supported Iraq War in 2003, I wouldn't very surprised of it but it seems he changed his mind a few times after. Or maybe he supported Iraq War on american tv and he opposed it on french tv, which wouldn't surprised me much either. Anyway, this affirmation needs a source. By the way, where are the weapon of mass destruction? In USA of course. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.53.96.41 (talk) 17:14, 18 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I've read his article here : http://www.lepoint.fr/archives/article.php/53028 (nb : the date is not correct. It's an article from 2003, not 2007). Basically, he says the war would be "justified on a moral point of view" but "a disaster politically speaking". And he concludes : "that's why I can't decide to support the Iraq war".(gpgpp 15:27, 25 November 2010 (UTC)) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.250.199.240 (talk)

Ecole normale supérieure
There is a mistake in the description of his education : one cannot "graduate" from the Ecole normale supérieure, since the Ecole doesn't deliver diplomas (at least at the time not). The title must be "former student of the Ecole normale". The students attend also the university and graduate there, and most of them pass successfully the national competitive exam "agrégation". Levy is "agrégé de philosophie". —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.67.195.12 (talk) 20:25, 30 December 2010 (UTC)

Source 15 is no longer there
Are there any other sources for the cited text, which seems to be running up against NPOV? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 184.100.242.80 (talk) 15:54, 13 January 2011 (UTC)

2 things
- The photograph is terrible. - At the "Available in Spanish Section": Nobody saw that "Piero della Francesca" is Italian??? NOT SPANISH.--77.225.29.19 (talk) 18:01, 22 May 2011 (UTC)

Criticisms
His support for DSK is cited under 'criticism'. This doesn't make sense. It's a viewpoint he has and he has expressed. It's out of place in a section about what other people have said about him. ItCanHappen (talk) 20:53, 2 July 2011 (UTC)

Public Enemies
The current minor details for the book read: New York: Random House, 2011, paperback, 320 pages, ISBN 0812980786

That is the book I have here, New York: Random House, 2011, paperback, but it's 309 pp., ISBN 978-0812980783

Varlaam (talk) 00:03, 21 February 2012 (UTC)

Nationality?
Why is he listed as a "Jewish public intellectual, philosopher and journalist in France"? He's of French nationality, so why isn't it "French public intellectual, philosopher and journalist"? Because he is working for Israel, being based in France. He has double nationality but his mind and his voice is coming from Israel. For French people he is just a shame. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.243.156.16 (talk) 21:58, 7 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Cool story, bro. Centrify (f / k / a Factchecker_blah_blah_blah)  (talk)  (contribs) 13:10, 25 April 2015 (UTC)

Exactly, but the article is being changed by hasbara and turning the man into a Saint.--Justana (talk) 06:45, 10 March 2017 (UTC)

Article has a lengthy section devoted to criticism and diligently avoids any praise
Red flags, folks. Article is a hit piece. Centrify (f / k / a Factchecker_blah_blah_blah)  (talk)  (contribs) 13:10, 25 April 2015 (UTC)

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The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 17:08, 27 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Bernard Henri Lévy.jpg

title: Talk:Bernard-Henri Lévy


text:
Stationary bicycle

A stationary bicycle (also known as exercise bicycle, exercise bike, spinning bike, spin bike, or exercycle) is a device used as exercise equipment for indoor cycling. It includes a saddle, pedals, and some form of handlebars arranged as on a (stationary) bicycle.

A stationary bicycle is usually a special-purpose exercise machine resembling a bicycle without wheels. It is also possible to adapt an ordinary bicycle for stationary exercise by placing it on bicycle rollers or a trainer. Rollers and trainers are often used by racing cyclists to warm up before racing, or to train on their own machines indoors.

History
The ancestors of modern stationary bicycles date back to the end of the eighteenth century. The Gymnasticon was an early example.

Types
Some stationary bike models feature handlebars that are connected to the pedals so that the upper body can be exercised along with the lower body. Most exercise bikes come with mechanisms to apply resistance to the pedals, enhancing the intensity of the exercise. Resistance mechanisms include magnets, fans, and friction mechanisms. Some models allow the user to pedal backwards to exercise antagonist muscles which are not exercised in forward pedaling. Exercise bicycles are typically manufactured using a crankshaft and bottom bracket, which turns a flywheel by means of a belt or chain. The bearings on these moving parts wear with use and may require replacement.

Specialized indoor bicycles manufactured using a weighted flywheel at the front are used in the indoor cycling exercises called spinning.

Various types of indoor mini-cycles (also known as exercise pedallers) have also developed as portable, inexpensive alternatives to traditional stationary bicycles. They are useful when exercisers are unable to access their stationary bicycles from their homes or local gyms when travels or at work.

Uses
Exercise bikes are used for exercise, to increase general fitness, for weight loss, and for training for cycle events. The exercise bike has long been used for physical therapy because of the low-impact, safe, and effective cardiovascular exercise it provides. The low-impact movement involved in operating an exercise bike does not put much stress on joints and does not involve sporadic motions that some other fitness equipment may require. However, as with typical biking, extended use of a stationary bike has been linked to decreased sexual function.

Stationary bikes are also used for physical testing, i.e. as ergometers for measuring power. Traditionally this is done by imposing a certain level of resistance mechanically and/or measuring this. gives a good overview. Modern ergometers and even many consumer exercise bikes are fitted with electronic sensors and displays.

Ergometers, such as CEVIS (Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation and Stabilization System), are used in space (e.g. in the ISS) to counter cardiovascular deconditioning in the microgravity environment.

Exercise bikes are frequently used in cardiac rehabilitation programs to help individuals recover from heart-related conditions or surgeries. The controlled and adjustable nature of stationary biking makes it an ideal choice for gradually improving cardiovascular health after cardiac events.

Mini-cycles provide low-intensity exercise that helps users "burn calories, combat cholesterol, help moderate blood sugar levels, provide gentle toning, keep joints mobile through gentle use, and improve general circulation." They are also often used by people for rehabilitation purposes after suffering physical injuries.

title: Stationary bicycle


text:
1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China

The 1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China was promulgated by the 4th National People's Congress. The offices of Chairman and Vice-Chairman were officially scrapped under the Constitution after almost 7 years of functional non-existence since the purge of Liu Shaoqi.

This Constitution reduced the total number of articles to just thirty, compared to 106 of articles in the 1954 Constitution of the People's Republic of China.

The 1975 Constitution witnessed an integration (in part) of the State Constitution (the PRC Constitution) and the Chinese Communist Party. The Constitution states that the People's Liberation Army, the armed services of the PRC, is to be controlled by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party. Such linkage between party and state would no longer be seen in later Constitutions, particularly after 1982. The most significant link, however, came in Article 2, which stated that the Chinese Communist Party was the leading force of the Chinese people.

The 1975 Constitution remained in effect for about three years due to the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 and the seizing of power by Deng Xiaoping in the following years. It was thus the shortest-lived constitution in the history of the People's Republic of China.


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Bridgespanify

Just looks like a load of nonsense to me. Deb 17:28, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Looks like patent nonsense to me. I would be happy to speedy delete it. DJ Clayworth 17:35, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Utterly incomprehensible. Delete. -FZ 17:58, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Speedily deleted as patent nonsense. Entire content shown below, which allows discussion to proceed if necessary; I will restore article if necessary. [[User:dpbsmith|dpbsmith (talk)]]
 * Bridgespanify: "to make an idea clear and logical"; a coveted process often witnessed in recent months in offices of a certain youth civic engagement organization in New York's Upper West Side. Ant: "Teddyify"

 * Delete. Speedy is a good call. Andrewa 05:23, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)


text:
Bennett Environmental

Bennett Environmental Inc. was a company based in Oakville, Ontario, Canada. It specialized in the recovering of soils contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons, including PCBs and PCPs, Dioxins and Furans. The company was founded in 1991 and had 79 employees. The company sold the soil treatment facility in 2013 and ceased operations as an environmental company. The shell later transformed into Diversified Royalty Corp, specializing in franchise royalty agreements including Mr. Lube, Sutton Realty, and Franworks restaurants.

In 2016, John Bennett, the founder and former CEO of Bennett Environmental was convicted of conspiring to pay kickbacks and committing major fraud against the United States in attempts to win contaminated soil contracts. He was sentenced to 63 months in prison.

title: Bennett Environmental


text:
Sam Edwards

Sam George Edwards (May 26, 1915 – July 28, 2004) was an American actor. His most famous role on television was as banker Bill Anderson on Little House on the Prairie.

Early years
Born into a show business family, his first role was as a baby in his mother's arms. He appeared on radio in the 1930s in the Adventures of Sonny and Buddy one of the first radio serials ever syndicated, and later in The Edwards Family, a series based on the life of Sam, brother Jack, who was also an actor, sister Florida, and his parents, Edna Park and Jack Edwards Sr. Sam was also an early cast member of one of the first radio soap operas, One Man's Family.

Death
On July 28, 2004, Edwards died of a heart attack in Durango, Colorado.

Radio
Edwards worked on a variety of radio programs. He co-starred in the comedy The First Hundred Years on ABC in 1949 and landed a starring role playing Dexter Franklin opposite Janet Waldo in the long-running Meet Corliss Archer series. He also had recurring or cast member roles in radio on Crime Classics, Dr. Paul; Father Knows Best, Guiding Light, Fort Laramie; Gunsmoke; Dragnet; Suspense; Escape; This Is Your FBI; The Six Shooter; and Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar.

Film
Edwards' first major screen role was as Chuck Ramsey in the movie serial version of Captain Midnight (1942). From 1949 to 1981, he made several film appearances, with significant roles in Twelve O'Clock High (1949), Operation Pacific (1951), Gangbusters (1954), and supporting roles in The Beatniks (1960) and Suppose They Gave A War and Nobody Came (1969). He was also seen in The Absent-Minded Professor (1961), Hello, Dolly! (1969) and The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981).

Edwards was also often heard behind animated characters both on film and records. In 1942, he voiced the adult Thumper in the animated classic Bambi. Later work for Disney was largely on LP Records, including the voices of the Cowardly Lion and Tin Woodman on their Oz series, and as Tigger, Owl, and the Heffalumps on the Winnie the Pooh records. He voiced the title character of Rod Rocket in an early 1960s educational series, and did some episodes of the cult classic Jonny Quest. His last work for Disney was as Ollie Owl opposite singer Burl Ives as Sam the Eagle on their long-running America Sings attraction at Disneyland. There were numerous TV and radio commercials as well, both in front of and behind the camera.

Television
Edwards appeared on many television series starting in the mid-1950s. Most notable of these include many episodes of Dragnet and Gunsmoke throughout their long runs. He also appeared on over 60 different series, including The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show, Straightaway, The Andy Griffith Show, Petticoat Junction, Green Acres, Mannix, Mission: Impossible, The Streets of San Francisco, Adam-12, The Red Skelton Show, Happy Days, The Dukes of Hazzard, and even Days of Our Lives. In 1969 Edwards appeared as Will Frazee on the TV series The Virginian in the episode titled "A Woman of Stone."

Selected filmography

 * High Hat (1937) – Performer
 * East Side Kids (1940) – Pete
 * Captain Midnight (1942) – Chuck Ramsey
 * Rubber Racketeers (1942) – Freddy Dale
 * Bambi (1942) – Adult Thumper (voice)
 * The Street with No Name (1948) – Whitey (uncredited)
 * Larceny (1948) – YAA President (uncredited)
 * The Countess of Monte Cristo (1948) – Bellhop (uncredited)
 * Twelve O'Clock High (1949) – Lieutenant Birdwell
 * The Sun Sets at Dawn (1950) – Herald Reporter
 * The Jackpot (1950) – Parking Lot Attendant (uncredited)
 * Flying Leathernecks (1951) – Junior (uncredited)
 * Operation Pacific (1951) – Junior
 * Witness to Murder (1954) – Tommy – Counterman (uncredited)
 * The McConnell Story (1955) – Radio Man (uncredited)
 * Between Heaven and Hell (1956) – Soames (uncredited)
 * The Badlanders (1958) – Crazy Convict (uncredited)
 * Torpedo Run (1958) – Coleman – Sub Radio Operator (uncredited)
 * Revolt in the Big House (1958) – Al Carey
 * The Beatniks (1960) – Red
 * The Absent Minded Professor (1961) – Military Radio Dispatcher (uncredited)
 * The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1963) (Season 2 Episode 4: "You'll Be the Death of Me") - Bartender
 * The Prize (1963) – Reporter (uncredited)
 * Three Guns for Texas (1968) – Sammy (uncredited)
 * The Young Runaways (1968) – Bert, Service Station Owner (uncredited)
 * Bullitt (1968) – (voice)
 * Dragnet 1966 (1969, TV Series) – Rodman (uncredited)
 * Hello, Dolly! (1969) – Laborer (uncredited)
 * The Cheyenne Social Club (1970) – Barfly Getting Up from Table (uncredited)
 * Suppose They Gave a War and Nobody Came? (1970) – Deputy Sam
 * Scandalous John (1971) – Bald Head
 * The Deadly Dream (1971, TV Movie) – Man protesting his innocence (uncredited)
 * In Broad Daylight (1971, TV Movie) – Cunningham
 * The Death of Me Yet (1971, TV Movie) – Jerry
 * The Biscuit Eater (1972) – Gun Club Member (uncredited)
 * Set This Town on Fire (1973, TV Movie) – Motel Manager
 * Chase (1973, TV Movie)
 * Hog Wild (Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color) (1974, TV Movie) – Farmer
 * Hit Lady (1974, TV Movie) – Innkeeper
 * Hurricane (1974, TV Movie) – Del Travis
 * Requiem for a Nun (1975, TV Movie) – Governor
 * Escape to Witch Mountain (1975) – Mate
 * The Flight of the Grey Wolf (1976, TV Movie) – Amsel
 * The New Daughters of Joshua Cabe (1976, TV Movie)
 * Viva Knievel! (1977) – Stadium Manager (uncredited)
 * Incredible Rocky Mountain Race (1977, TV Movie) – Milford Petrie
 * Just Me and You (1978, TV Movie) (uncredited)
 * Mark Twain: Beneath the Laughter (1979, TV Movie) – Bixby
 * The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981) – Ticket Clerk

title: Sam Edwards


text:
User:Mind the gap

Basic facts
Greetings, visitors. My name is Casey.

I am from the metropolitan Orlando area. I also used to live in Sarasota while I attended New College of Florida, and in Columbia, Missouri, where I attended grad school at Mizzou. Now, I live in Washington after having lived in Las Vegas. I have not done a whole lot to this page, but maybe that will change sometime.

About me
I like to read. Nonfiction books about history and politics fascinate me, though I am also a big fan of the works of Haruki Murakami.

I also like to watch and play football, with Manchester United being my favored team.

I have a fear of flying, a fear of heights, and a fear of bridges.

Other stuff
My editing here may be infrequent because of my studies, but I try to spot grammatical errors in articles and correct vandalized texts. Additionally, I volunteer answers at the reference desk.

title: User:Mind the gap


text:
Dream House

Dream House, Dreamhouse or similar may refer to:

Film and television

 * Dream House (2011 film), an American psychological thriller film
 * Dream House, 1981 American CBS Romance Comedy TV movie, starring Marilu Henner
 * Dream House (1931 film), a short film starring Bing Crosby
 * Dream House (game show), an American television show whose grand prize was a new house
 * Dream House (HGTV), a show on HGTV which follows a family or individual's quest for a dream home

Music

 * An alternate term for dream trance, an early genre of trance music that also influenced house music
 * The Dreamhouse, a concert venue and home for the Faroese punk rock band The Dreams
 * Dreamhouse (band), a British dance/pop group
 * Dreamhouse, a 2010 album by Tides of Man
 * Dreamhouse, a 2010 album by Steve Poltz
 * "Dreamhouse", a 1989 song by Xmal Deutschland from the album Devils
 * "The Dreamhouse (Mental Version)", a 1995 song by Suicide Commando from the album Critical Stage
 * "The Dreamhouse", a 1995 song by The Young Gods from the album Only Heaven
 * "Dream House", a 2013 song by Deafheaven from the album Sunbather
 * Dream House 78' 17", a 1974 album by La Monte Young, Marian Zazeela, and the Theatre of Eternal Music

Other

 * Dream House (installation), a sound and light installation by La Monte Young and Marian Zazeela
 * Anne's Dream House
 * Dream House (video game), a 1984 video game for the Commodore 64
 * The Dreamhouse, a poetry collection by Tom Sleigh
 * Dream House, a novel by ex-YouTuber Marzia Bisognin

title: Dream House


text:
1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China

The 1978 Constitution of the People's Republic of China was promulgated in 1978. This was the PRC's 3rd constitution, and was adopted at the 1st Meeting of the 5th National People's Congress on March 5, 1978, two years after the downfall of the Gang of Four.

The number of articles grew from the 1975 Constitution's 30 articles to double the amount. The courts and the procurates, which were minimised or dumped altogether in the 1975 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, were somewhat restored. A number of checks and balances present in the 1954 Constitution, including term limits for party leaders, elections and more independence in the judiciary, were restored.

The 1978 Constitution was the first Constitution in the PRC to touch explicitly on the political status of Taiwan. It said that "Taiwan is part of China" and said that the PRC "must liberate Taiwan, and finish the great task of reunifying the motherland". However, in 1979, the PRC dropped the liberation stance and opted for peaceful reunification instead. The 1982 Constitution mentioned that "Taiwan is a sacred part of the territory of the People's Republic of China" instead of just "China".

Citizen rights were also reinstated somewhat. The right to strike was still present, although it would be removed in the 1982 Constitution. However, the required support for the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the socialist system remained as part of citizens' duties.

However, the Constitution still suffered from the backdrop of the just-gone-by Cultural Revolution. Revolutionary language was still persistent (such as "Revolutionary Committees"), although the slogans were gone. The 1978 Constitution survived for four years before being superseded by the current (1982) Constitution of the People's Republic of China during the Deng Xiaoping era.

In addition to inheriting some fundamental principles from the 1954 Constitution, the 1978 Constitution officially included the Four Modernizations policy with an emphasis on socialist democracy, scientific and educational development. It also mandated in the preamble part that China must "be constructed into a great, powerful, modern socialist country in agriculture, industry, national defense, science and technology within the century".


text:
Michael Chiklis

Michael Charles Chiklis (born August 30, 1963) is an American actor, film television director, film and television producer and musician. He is best known for his role as Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Detective Vic Mackey on the FX police drama The Shield (2002–2008), for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2002, and was nominated in 2003.

Other starring television roles of his include Commissioner Tony Scali on the ABC police drama The Commish (1991–1996), Chris Woods in Daddio (2000), Jim Powell on the ABC science-fiction comedy-drama No Ordinary Family (2010–2011), Vincent Savino in the CBS crime drama Vegas (2012), Dell Toledo in American Horror Story: Freak Show (2014), and Nathaniel Barnes in Gotham (2015–2017). In film, he is best known for his roles as The Thing in two Fantastic Four films (2005–2007), George Callister in Eagle Eye (2008), Terry Eidson in When the Game Stands Tall (2014), and Father Dave in Hubie Halloween (2020).

Early life
Chiklis was born in Lowell, Massachusetts. His mother, Katherine (née Vousboukis), is a hospital administrative aide, and his father, Charlie Chiklis, runs a hair and beauty salon. Chiklis has been described as having inherited his acting ability from his mother. His father is a second-generation Greek American (his paternal ancestors came from Lesbos), and his mother is of Greek and Irish descent. Chiklis grew up in Andover, Massachusetts and began entertaining his family with celebrity imitations when he was 5 years old. As a child, Chiklis appeared in regional theater productions and became a member of the Actors' Equity Association at age 13. In the ninth grade, he portrayed Hawkeye Pierce in Andover High School's production of M*A*S*H. He graduated from Boston University College of Fine Arts with a Bachelor of Fine Arts.

Career
After graduating from college, Chiklis moved to Brooklyn, New York and was cast in the role of John Belushi in the controversial biopic Wired (1989). The film was panned in general and flopped at the box office, though Chiklis's performance as Belushi (one of his idols) was highly praised. He also guest starred in several popular television series such as Miami Vice, B.L. Stryker, Wiseguy, L.A. Law, Murphy Brown, and Seinfeld, as well as in bit parts in such films as Nixon.

Chiklis' first successful role was in The Commish, a police comedy/drama that ran from 1991 to 1996 on ABC. Chiklis played Anthony "Tony" J. Scali, a police commissioner in a small city in upstate New York. After The Commish, Chiklis starred in the short-lived NBC sitcom Daddio.

In 1997, Chiklis replaced Rob Becker in the Broadway one-man show Defending the Caveman, taking on the role from January 1997 to the show's closing in June 1997.

After playing Curly Howard in the TV film The Three Stooges (2000), Chiklis decided to reinvent his image. With his wife's help, he spent six months on an extensive workout regimen and shaved his head. He turned up to audition for The Shield looking nothing like the pudgy, friendly character of The Commish. Chiklis won over creator Shawn Ryan and nabbed the leading role of the show's anti-hero, LAPD Detective Vic Mackey. He won the 2002 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor In A Drama Series for the role. Chiklis received a Golden Globe Award that same year for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series-Drama as well. Between 2004 and 2005, he was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Drama Series but did not win. Chiklis later parodied his role as Vic Mackey in the Robot Chicken episode, "Monstourage"; the skit involved Mackey accidentally switching places with Ben Grimm.

Since 2000, Chiklis has taken up a number of voice roles, voicing Chihiro's father, Akio, in the English dub of Hayao Miyazaki's Spirited Away and Roman/King Webster in the direct-to-video feature The Adventures of Tom Thumb and Thumbelina. He has also performed in several episodes of Family Guy and had a voice role in Heavy Gear: The Animated Series.

In 2005, he starred in Fantastic Four (2005) as Thing and reprised the role in its sequel, Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007). A fan of the comic book series, he had dreamed of playing the character if ever a Fantastic Four film were produced. Chiklis was often praised for his performance in a film that otherwise earned mixed reviews.

In the film Eagle Eye (2008), Chiklis portrays the United States Secretary of Defense.

In the wake of the Bernie Madoff scandal, Chiklis was developing a series at FX about a similar investment scheme. The project, called House of Cards, concerns a group committing an elaborate scam similar to the Madoff fraud. Chiklis had been developing the project since February 2008 after he and his wife became victims of a Ponzi scheme themselves. Chiklis planned to executive produce but not star.

Chiklis later starred in the ABC television series No Ordinary Family, which premiered on September 28, 2010, as part of the 2010–11 television season and ended in April 2011. He also co-starred in the CBS Crime drama Vegas.

In March 2014, it was announced that Chiklis had been cast in American Horror Story: Freak Show, season 4 of the FX anthology series.

In 2014, Chiklis played a small part towards the end of the FX series Sons of Anarchy. He appears first in the episode "Rose Red", as a trucker who first encounters Gemma, who is on her way to her father, at a truck stop. He also plays a truck driver in the series finale.

In 2015, he appeared in Gotham as Captain Nathaniel Barnes. In a nod to Chiklis' time on the Strike Team on The Shield, his character established a similarly named "Strike Force".

In September 2016, Chiklis released his first solo album, INFLUENCE. He wrote and produced the album at his own Extravaganza Music Studio.

Personal life
Chiklis married Michelle Moran on June 21, 1992, and they have two daughters: Autumn, born on October 9, 1993, and Odessa, born on March 26, 1999. Autumn played Vic Mackey's daughter Cassidy on The Shield.

A lifelong comic book fan he especially enjoyed Fantastic Four prior to his role as Ben Grimm, it was reported in 2010 that Chiklis rarely turns down an autograph request from children.

Chiklis is a fan of both the Boston Red Sox, and the Boston Bruins, was interviewed for the HBO documentary The Curse of the Bambino about the Red Sox's long struggle to win the World Series, and narrated the video introduction of the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XXXIX.

Chiklis is also an accomplished musician, specializing in drums and vocals, but also playing guitar and bass. He is a member of several performing bands in the Boston area such as The Surgeon General, Best Kept Secret, and Double Talk. He has starred in and produced films through his own production company, Extravaganza.

In 2011, Chiklis and his band MCB released their first single "Til I Come Home", a tribute song to the soldiers overseas. The song was used in his TV series No Ordinary Family in 2011. MCB's prior music includes another single, "Make Me High", written for the independent film High School (2010), starring Chiklis, Adrien Brody, Colin Hanks, and Matt Bush; the single was released in spring 2011.

Following his stint on American Horror Story: Freak Show, Chiklis told Larry King that he did not enjoy working on the show: "That was one of the darkest years of my career. It was, I think, it's one thing to do a horror film in the context of like two months or something like that, but to live in that for six months it just became, I don't know. Maybe it's because I'm an empathetic person, and I just sometimes start to take things on. But it was so dark, and it was so nasty."

Philanthropy
Chiklis has participated in celebrity Texas hold 'em tournaments to benefit comedian Brad Garrett's charity foundation, Maximum Hope. Chiklis has worked closely with many different charities over the years including The Children's Lifesaving Foundation, Alzheimer's Association, Autism Speaks and the Revlon Run Walk.

title: Michael Chiklis


text:
Baghiyyatollah al-Azam Military Hospital

The Baghiyyatollah al-Azam Military Hospital worst hospital is a military hospital in Mulla Sadra Street in Vanak, Tehran, Iran. It is the biggest of the three hospitals affiliated with the Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences.


text:
User talk:MikeEd

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

title: User talk:MikeEd


text:
Calgary Boomers

The Calgary Boomers were a Canadian soccer team that competed in the North American Soccer League (NASL) for the 1980–81 Indoor and 1981 outdoor seasons. The team was based in Calgary and played their home games at Stampede Corral during the indoor season and McMahon Stadium for outdoor matches. Originally founded as the Memphis Rogues, the team relocated to Calgary when it was purchased by Nelson Skalbania after the 1980 season. After loses of over $2 million during its operations, the team was placed into receivership and its assets sold.

History
Founded as the Memphis Rogues in 1978, the team was purchased for $1.2 million by Nelson Skalbania, during the 1980 North American Soccer League season with the intention of moving the team to Calgary, as Skalbania did the Atlanta Flames which he purchased five months previously. The team debuted in the 1980–81 NASL Indoor season finishing its initial campaign with a record of 10 win and 8 losses with an average attendance of 4,672 and only missing out of a playoff berth base on goals scored. The Boomers finished the 1981 outdoor in second place in Northwest Division with 17 wins and 15 losses and a season average attendance of 10,501. The number 8 seed in the playoffs, the Boomers lost to the Fort Lauderdale Strikers in best of three games first round 3–1 on August 23 and 2–0 on August 26.

At a press conference on September 16, 1981, owner Nelson Skalbania announced that unless the team could sell 6,500 indoor season tickets and a local ownership group found to purchase the team, the organization would cease operations the following Monday. The next day, the league announced the Boomers were one of five teams that failed to post the required $150,000 bond to participate in the 1981–82 NASL Indoor season. The following week, it was reported that GM Rudi Schiffer had delivered the $150,000 performance bond nine days after the deadline while attending the NASL meetings in Toronto and that a group of local businessmen had conditionally purchased the team in an effort to keep it Calgary. A few days later on September 28, 1981, it was announced that the Boomers would merge with the Edmonton Drillers with Skalbania selling his interest in the team to Edmonton Oilers owner Peter Pocklington. The following day, however, the team which recorded loses over $2 million, was placed into receivership, the deal fell through and the Boomer players were released to other team via a dispersal draft. Skalbania was later order by the Supreme Court of British Columbia to pay Memphis Rogues owner Avron Fogelman the $1.1 million balance of the team's original purchase price, having only paid the initial $125,000 down payment.

Coach

 * 🇺🇸 Al Miller; Head coach 1980–1981
 * 🇨🇦 David Davies (Coach)

Honors
All-Star Second Team Selections
 * 1981 Franz Gerber

Indoor All-Star Selections
 * 1980–81 Juan Carlos Molina

Canadian Soccer Hall of Fame
 * 2011 Victor Kodelja

title: Calgary Boomers


text:
User talk:Pmetzger

Gropes and gripes
Hi there!

Got a couple issues to bring up with you. Firstly, your note on User_talk:Pazza. Wikipedia policy is always to sign one's sig on talk pages. This can be accomplished auto-magically using the quad tilde ( ~ ), and it allows us to know who has posted what.

 * I usually do. That was an accident. --Pmetzger 00:37, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

Secondly, I (and, again, wikipolicy) disagree with your definition of vandalism as in your SD reason for My jedi story. Vandalism is defined with malicious intent; that page was a simple case of vanity and misunderstanding of WP:NOT. Please remember not to bite the newbies!

 * Really, what we need is a standard speedy for "Wikipedia is not a place to publish fiction". --Pmetzger 00:37, 21 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Make one! :-) --BorgHunter (talk) 00:56, 21 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I've started a discussion. Please feel free to join in. --Pmetzger 02:01, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

In any case, I feel I'm getting a bit lecturing, so I'll depart now. You're doing a great job here. Keep it up. --BorgHunter (talk) 00:26, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

Source Systems
Vanity is not a reason for speedy deletion. You need to place that article in WP:AFD. Thanks. ≈ jossi fresco ≈ t • @ 04:12, 21 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I read Criterion A7 to reasonably mean companies as well as people, and the precedents I've read seem to indicate this is correct. Do you have better information? --Pmetzger 04:19, 21 November 2005 (UTC)

See this: Thanks--Humayun_shabbir
 * http://www.google.com/search?q=%22Pakistan+Now+a+Hot+Spot+for+IT+Outsourcing+!%22&hl=en&lr=&rls=GGLG,GGLG:2005-30,GGLG:en&start=0&sa=N

Thanks
Thanks for correcting 109,000 metric tons to 109 million metric tons in the article on Ammonia. My face is appropriately red! - mbeychok 04:49, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Eh, easy mistake to make. The important thing is it is fixed. :) --Pmetzger 22:30, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

hi, FYI, the backslash in ...
... $$ G \ $$ is to force PNG rendering so that the server doesn't draw it with a small G. 71.161.208.161 00:23, 14 September 2006 (UTC)

Mediation -- Mediation Cabal/Cases/2006-12-03 Equiv versus Equal-Def
I opened your request for mediation. However, you have not named any specific respondents. Mediation is a consensual process where both applicant and respondents must agree to the mediation. Please return to the page and name atleast one main respondent that you wish to seek resolution with on this matter. It's most likely that if you choose one, they will collect their supporters to join the discussion. Alan.ca 05:41, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I added User:SebastianHelm as a respondent on the arbitrary basis that he has done many of the edits. We can presumably move forward from there. --Pmetzger 16:45, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
 * This user has a notice on his talk page stating his region is encountering some kind of disaster. I will put the case on hold for now, unless you're interested in removing his name and naming another party. Alan.ca 01:54, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I suspect this disaster is rather short term. Could you begin by examining the situation at least and seeing if you can come to some sort of conclusion? We could then discuss it but wait for Mr. Helm to return (or for another counterparty) to proceed more formally. --Pmetzger 18:21, 20 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I responded to both parties on my talk page, but have not seen either of you state that you are ready to proceed with me as your mediator on the discussion section of the mediation page. Please advise on my talk page or on the MEDCAB page. Alan.ca 05:50, 23 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I responded, as you can see. --Pmetzger 21:14, 24 December 2006 (UTC)

Your Mediation

 * Pmetzger, Alan.ca was blocked recently, and wasn't able to be in any Mediation, including one that I'm in. I suggest you allow him to return to your Mediation. Acalamari 20:22, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure that in any way increases my confidence that the matter would be settled quickly and fairly if Alan were to remain as the mediator. --Pmetzger 20:54, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
 * He has been unblocked now. I think that he has handled our Mediation fairly, and I say that he would handle your fairly as well. Acalamari 21:10, 28 December 2006 (UTC)

Meditation Cabal
Good evening (GMT time); I have taken over your med cabal case and we can begin whenever is suitable for you.

If there is any questions you have not directly concerning the case, please drop by my talk page.

Cheers and regards, Anthony cfc  20:41, 29 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm happy to start immediately. --Pmetzger 03:36, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Excellent. I will commence the discussion here (the Case page in Med Cabal namespace) - unless you wish to hold it at a mainspace article talk page?

Anthony cfc  13:14, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Mediation
The end is near. Regards, Anthony  cfc  [ T • C] 01:39, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Pardon, I've been away for a couple of days -- I need a chance to catch up... --Pmetzger 05:05, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

Replacing "utilize" with "use"
Hi, I see that you're apparently editing several articles (,, , ,  and  many many others) to replace "utilize" with "use". Please do not do this blindly, and without knowledge of the specific subject matter that is the subject of the article.

In Patent infringement, for example, "use" has a specific legal meaning, and is only one form of patent infringement. The word "utilize" was apparently employed to avoid exactly the type of misleading statement introduced by your edit.

Some of your edit summaries include comments along the lines of "Use" is always a better word than "Utilize". That's not true, it's not always a better word; sometimes it's specifically not the right word. Please don't edit articles unless you are sufficiently familiar with the subject matter to appreciate such distinctions. Thanks. TJRC (talk) 20:32, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

 * Fine, there might be some specific legal situations where "use" is a term of art and "utilize" might be used to avoid it (although my dealings with the patent bar, and yes I've had them, haven't revealed that in the case of patent law). However, I'm unaware of any other situation, other than direct quotation (where clearly accurate quotation of a source is critical) or explanation of a term that includes "Utilize", in which "Utilize" isn't anything other than an attempt to demonstrate false erudition. The word is an abomination. (I'm not sure I believe the bit about patent law, by the way, but I won't dispute a revert there until I've done my own research.) --Pmetzger (talk) 20:40, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't like "utilize," either, so I didn't revert, I reworded to avoid it. But "use" is just one type of patent infringement, see 35 USC 271.  "Utilize" was apparently used in the article to avoid confusion with the "use" that's just one of the enumerated acts in 271.  But my point is, mass edits without taking the time to understand context is not a good thing.  "Utilize" was by no means good in this article, but "use" was wrong.   Ugly beats wrong any day. TJRC (talk) 22:41, 14 May 2009 (UTC)

 * I do actually read the articles I clean up, and I'm pretty careful about context when replacing "utilize". One has to be careful about things like quotations or places where applying the change mechanically would not work correctly. I'm not running a bot for that reason. I'll be more careful about law related articles in the future, but I think those are a small minority. --Pmetzger (talk) 02:44, 15 May 2009 (UTC)

Orphaned non-free image File:Book Machinery of Freedom 3rd Ed David Friedman.jpg
 Thanks for uploading File:Book Machinery of Freedom 3rd Ed David Friedman.jpg. The image description page currently specifies that the image is non-free and may only be used on Wikipedia under a claim of fair use. However, the image is currently not used in any articles on Wikipedia. If the image was previously in an article, please go to the article and see why it was removed. You may add it back if you think that that will be useful. However, please note that images for which a replacement could be created are not acceptable for use on Wikipedia (see our policy for non-free media).

Note that any non-free images not used in any articles will be deleted after seven days, as described in the criteria for speedy deletion. Thank you. --B-bot (talk) 20:18, 26 April 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Notice
Hi, there currently is a discussion at Edit warring notice board you may be involved in. Thanks. Ladislav Mecir (talk) 12:11, 9 October 2016 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Michael Malice

A tag has been placed on Michael Malice requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a real person or group of people, but it does not credibly indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, then please contact the. – S. Rich (talk) 03:36, 15 April 2017 (UTC)

Woodcock article
I removed the patent applications, leaving only two issued U.S. patents. David notMD (talk) 15:48, 1 June 2021 (UTC)

Charles III requested move discussion
There is a new requested move discussion in progress for the Charles III article. Since you participated in the previous discussion, I thought you might like to know about this one. Cheers. Rreagan007 (talk) 05:51, 24 July 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pmetzger


text:
Social effects of evolutionary theory

The social effects of evolutionary thought have been considerable. As the scientific explanation of life's diversity has developed, it has often displaced alternative, sometimes very widely held, explanations. Because the theory of evolution includes an explanation of humanity's origins, it has had a profound impact on human societies. Some have vigorously denied acceptance of the scientific explanation due to its perceived religious implications (e.g. its implied rejection of the special creation of humans presumably described in the Bible). This has led to a vigorous conflict between creation and evolution in public education, primarily in the United States.

Evolution and ethics
The theory of evolution by natural selection has also been adopted as a foundation for various ethical and social systems, such as social Darwinism, an idea that preceded the publication of The Origin of Species, popular in the 19th century, which holds that "the survival of the fittest" (a phrase coined in 1851 by Herbert Spencer, 8 years before Darwin published his theory of evolution) explains and justifies differences in wealth and success among societies and people. A similar interpretation was one created by Darwin's cousin, Francis Galton, known as eugenics, which claimed that human civilization was subverting natural selection by allowing the less bright and less healthy to survive and out-breed the smarter and more healthy.

Later advocates of this theory suggested radical and often coercive social measures in an attempt to "correct" this imbalance. Thomas Huxley spent much time demonstrating through a series of thought experiments that it would not only be immoral, but impossible. Stephen Jay Gould and others have argued that social Darwinism is based on misconceptions of evolutionary theory, and many ethicists regard it as a case of the is-ought problem. After the atrocities of the Holocaust became linked with eugenics, it greatly fell out of favor with public and scientific opinion, though it was never universally accepted by either, and at no point in Nazi literature is Charles Darwin or the scientific theory of evolution mentioned.

In his book The End of Faith, Sam Harris argues that Nazism was largely a continuation of Christian anti-Semitism. Jim Walker compiled a list of 129 quotes from Mein Kampf in which Hitler described himself as a Christian, or mentioned God, Jesus or a biblical passage. Some argue that six million of the people killed during the Holocaust were killed because of their religion (Judaism) not their race, "strength," or any reason with an obvious link to the mechanism of Darwinian evolution. Hitler often used Christian beliefs like, "Jews killed Jesus," to justify his anti-Semitism.

The notion that humans share ancestors with other animals has also affected how some people view the relationship between humans and other species. Many proponents of animal rights hold that if animals and humans are of the same nature, then rights cannot be distinct to humans.

Charles Darwin, in fact, considered "sympathy" to be one of the most important moral virtues — and that it was, indeed, a product of natural selection and a trait beneficial to social animals (including humans). Darwin further argued that the most "sympathetic" societies would consequently be the most "successful." He also stated that our sympathy should be extended to "all sentient beings":

"As man advances in civilization, and small tribes are united into larger communities, the simplest reason would tell each individual that he ought to extend his social instincts and sympathies to all the members of the same nation, though personally unknown to him. This point being once reached, there is only an artificial barrier to prevent his sympathies extending to the men of all nations and races. If, indeed, such men are separated from him by great differences in appearance or habits, experience unfortunately shows us how long it is, before we look at them as our fellow-creatures. ... This virtue, one of the noblest with which man is endowed, seems to arise incidentally from our sympathies becoming more tender and more widely diffused, until they are extended to all sentient beings. As soon as this virtue is honored and practiced by some few men, it spreads through instruction and example to the young, and eventually becomes incorporated in public opinion."

Evolution and religion
Before Darwin's argument and presentation of the evidence for evolution, Western religions generally discounted or condemned any claims that diversity of life is the result of an evolutionary process, as did most scientists in the English scientific establishment. However, evolution was accepted by some religious groups such as the Unitarian church and the liberal Anglican theologians who went on to publish Essays and Reviews, as well as by many scientists in France and Scotland and some in England, notably Robert Edmund Grant. Literal or authoritative interpretations of Scripture hold that a supreme being directly created humans and other animals as separate Created kinds, which to some means species. This view is commonly referred to as creationism. From the 1920s to the present in the US, there has been a strong religious backlash to the teaching of evolution theory, particularly by conservative evangelicals. They have expressed concerns about the effects of the teaching of evolution on society and their faith (see Creation–evolution controversy).

In response to the wide scientific acceptance of the theory of evolution, many religions have formally or informally synthesized the scientific and religious viewpoints. Several important 20th century scientists (Fisher, Dobzhansky) whose work confirmed Darwin's theory, were also Christians who saw no incompatibility between their experimental and theoretical confirmations of evolution and their faith. Some religions have adopted a theistic evolution viewpoint, where God provides a divine spark that ignited the process of evolution and (or) where God has guided evolution in one way or another.

Evolution and the Roman Catholic Church
The Roman Catholic Church, beginning in 1950 with Pope Pius XII's encyclical Humani Generis, took up a neutral position with regard to evolution. "The Church does not forbid that...research and discussions, on the part of men experienced in both fields, take place with regard to the doctrine of evolution, in as far as it inquires into the origin of the human body as coming from pre-existent and living matter."

In an October 22, 1996, address to the Pontifical Academy of Science, Pope John Paul II updated the Church's position, recognizing that Evolution is "more than a hypothesis" - "In his encyclical Humani Generis, my predecessor Pius XII has already affirmed that there is no conflict between evolution and the doctrine of the faith regarding man and his vocation... Today, more than a half-century after the appearance of that encyclical, some new findings lead us toward the recognition of evolution as more than an hypothesis. In fact it is remarkable that this theory has had progressively greater influence on the spirit of researchers, following a series of discoveries in different scholarly disciplines."

Evolutionary theory and the political left
In 1861 Karl Marx wrote to his friend Ferdinand Lassalle, "Darwin’s work is most important and suits my purpose in that it provides a basis in natural science for the historical class struggle. ... Despite all shortcomings, it is here that, for the first time, 'teleology' in natural science is not only dealt a mortal blow but its rational meaning is empirically explained."

Most later Marxists agreed with this view, but some – particularly those in the early Soviet Union – believed that evolutionary theory conflicted with their economic and social ideals. As a result, they came to support Lamarckism instead – the idea that an organism can pass on characteristics that it acquired during its lifetime to its offspring. This led to the practice of Lysenkoism, which caused agricultural problems.

In his book, Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution, anarcho-communist Peter Kropotkin argued that co-operation and mutual aid are as important in the evolution of the species as competition and mutual strife, if not more so.

On the contemporary moderate left, some authors such as Peter Singer (in his book, A Darwinian Left) support Darwinism but reach different political and economic lessons than more conservative observers. Richard Dawkins' book, The Selfish Gene, has a chapter, "Nice guys finish first," that attempts to explain the role of altruism and cooperation in evolution and how social animals not only cannot survive without such traits, but how evolution will create them. Dawkins explains that when an animal sacrifices itself or uses its resources for the survival of other members of the same species, its genes, present in the other animals, survive. For example, if a mother dies to save three of its pups, one and a half copies (on average) of its genes will survive, because there is a 50% chance of a particular gene being present in its offspring. Dawkins also made a documentary of the same name. According to the documentary, Dawkins added that chapter as a way of overcoming modern day misinterpretations of the concept of survival of the fittest. Left-wing transhumanists see technology as a means to overcome inequalities that stem from biology. New left feminist Shulamith Firestone saw technological control over reproduction as essential for gender equality. More recently the Laboria Cuboniks collective has articulated an antinaturalist politics that seeks to overcome essentialist categories through technological empowerment.

Evolution in relation to Social Darwinism and Imperialism
"Social Darwinism" is a derogatory term associated with the 19th century Malthusian theory developed by Whig philosopher Herbert Spencer. It is associated with evolutionary theory but now widely regarded as unwarranted. Social Darwinism was later expanded by others into ideas about "survival of the fittest" in commerce and human societies as a whole, and led to claims that social inequality, sexism, racism and imperialism were justified. However, these ideas contradict Darwin's own views, and contemporary scientists and philosophers consider these ideas to be neither mandated by evolutionary theory nor supported by data.

Social Darwinism is further linked with nationalism and imperialism. During the age of New Imperialism, the concepts of evolution justified the exploitation of "lesser breeds without the law" by "superior races." To elitists, strong nations were composed of white people who were successful at expanding their empires, and as such, these strong nations would survive in the struggle for dominance. With this attitude, Europeans, except for Christian missionaries, seldom adopted the customs and languages of local people under their empires. Christian missionaries, on the other hand, were the very first individuals to meet new peoples and develop writing systems for local inhabitants' languages that lacked one. Being critics of Social Darwinism, they ardently opposed slavery and provided an education and religious instruction to the new peoples they interacted with since they felt that this was their duty as Christians.

title: Social effects of evolutionary theory


text:
Galt MacDermot

Arthur Terence Galt MacDermot (December 18, 1928 – December 17, 2018) was a Canadian-American composer, pianist and writer of musical theater. He won a Grammy Award for the song "African Waltz" in 1960. His most-successful musicals were Hair (1967; its cast album also won a Grammy) and Two Gentlemen of Verona (1971). MacDermot also composed music for film soundtracks, jazz and funk albums, and classical music, and his music has been sampled in hit hip-hop songs and albums. He is best known for his work on Hair, which produced three number-one singles in 1969: "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In", "Good Morning Starshine", and the title song "Hair".

Biography
MacDermot was born in Montreal, the son of Canadian diplomat Terence MacDermot and Elizabeth Savage. He was educated at Upper Canada College and Bishop's University (Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada). He received a bachelor's degree in music from Cape Town University, South Africa, and made a study of African music his specialty. He studied the piano privately with Neil Chotem.

It was also during his time at Cape Town where he would meet his future wife, Marlene Bruynzeel, a clarinetist of Dutch descent. They married in 1956 and had five children.

MacDermot won his first Grammy Award for the Cannonball Adderley recording of his song "African Waltz" (the title track of the album of the same name) in 1960.

MacDermot moved to New York City in 1964 where, three years later, he wrote the music for the hit musical Hair, which he later adapted for the 1979 film of the same name. Its Broadway cast album won a Grammy Award in 1969, and the musical generated three number-one singles that year: "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In", "Good Morning Starshine", and the title song "Hair". His next musicals were Isabel's a Jezebel (1970) and Who the Murderer Was (1970), which featured British progressive rock band Curved Air.

MacDermot had another hit with the musical Two Gentlemen of Verona (1971), which won the Tony Award for Best Musical. For that show, MacDermot was nominated for a Tony for best music and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Music. His later musicals, including Dude and Via Galactica (both 1972) and The Human Comedy (1984), were not successful on Broadway, running 16 performances, 7 performances, and 13 performances respectively.

MacDermot's film soundtracks include Cotton Comes to Harlem, a 1970 blaxploitation film starring Godfrey Cambridge, Raymond St. Jacques, and Redd Foxx, based on Chester Himes's novel of the same name; Rhinoceros (1974) starring Zero Mostel and Gene Wilder, and directed by original Broadway Hair director Tom O'Horgan; and Mistress (1992). He wrote his own orchestrations and arrangements for his theater and film scores.

In 1979, MacDermot formed the New Pulse Jazz Band, which performed and recorded his original music and was one of the first jazz bands to feature synthesizer. The band played as part of the on-stage band in the 2009 Broadway revival of Hair. MacDermot's oeuvre also includes ballet scores, chamber music, the Anglican liturgy, orchestral music, poetry, incidental music for plays, band repertory, and opera.

In 2009, MacDermot was inducted into the Songwriter's Hall of Fame.

On November 22, 2010, MacDermot was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by SOCAN at the 2010 SOCAN Awards in Toronto.

Death
MacDermot died at his home in Staten Island, New York on December 17, 2018, the day before his 90th birthday.

His identical twin daughters and caregivers, Bonnie "Nummy" Jolanthe MacDermot and Sarah "Sassy" Rowena MacDermot, died one day apart in November 2020 at the age of 55, also in Staten Island, New York, where they were born on February 8, 1965. Sarah died on November 7 from undisclosed causes, and Jolanthe -- who had battled stage four breast cancer -- died one day later, on November 8, 2020.

Samples and other use
MacDermot's music is popular with collectors of jazz and funk. Working with jazz musicians such as Bernard Purdie, Jimmy Lewis, and Idris Muhammad, MacDermot created pieces that prefigured the funk material of James Brown. In more-recent decades, his work became popular with hip hop musicians including Busta Rhymes, who sampled "Space" from MacDermot's 1969 record Woman Is Sweeter for the smash-hit "Woo-Hah!! Got You All in Check", and Run DMC, which sampled the Hair song "Where Do I Go?" in its Grammy Award-winning "Down with the King". Handsome Boy Modeling School ("The Truth"), DJ Vadim, DJ Premier and Oh No have all sampled the same segment from "Coffee Cold", from Shapes of Rhythm (1966).

Scottish electronica duo Boards of Canada used a loop in their track "Aquarius" (Music Has the Right to Children) which was sampled from MacDermot's song of the same name from the 1979 soundtrack of the film Hair.

As part of his Special Herbs series, rapper MF DOOM sampled three MacDermot songs from Woman Is Sweeter: "Cathedral" for his song "Pennyroyal", "Space" for "Cinquefoil", and "Princess Gika" for "Styrax Gum". "Cathedral" is also sampled in Westside Gunn's "Dear Winter Bloody Fiegs" for his 2015 mixtape Hitler Wears Hermes 3. In 2006, rapper and producer Oh No released an album produced completely with MacDermot samples, titled Exodus into Unheard Rhythms.

Shows

 * My Fur Lady (1957)
 * Hair (1967)
 * Isabel's a Jezebel (1970)
 * Who the Murderer Was (1970)
 * Two Gentlemen of Verona (1971)
 * Dude (1973)
 * Via Galactica (1973)
 * The Human Comedy (1984)
 * The Special (1985)
 * Time and the Wind (1995)
 * The Legend of Joan of Arc (1997)
 * Sun (1998)
 * Blondie (1998)
 * The Corporation (1999)
 * Gone Tomoro (2009)

Discography
(excluding cast albums and soundtracks)
 * Art Gallery Jazz (1956)
 * African Waltz (1960)
 * The English Experience (1961)
 * Galt MacDermot by Arrangement (1963)
 * Shapes of Rhythm (1966)
 * Hair Cuts (1969)
 * Woman is Sweeter (1969)
 * Galt MacDermot's First Natural Hair Band(1970)
 * The Nucleus (1971)
 * Ghetto Suite (1972)
 * Salome Bey Sings Songs From Dude (1972)
 * The Highway Life (1973)
 * Take This Bread: A Mass in our Time (1973)
 * Memphis Dude (1973)
 * La Novela (1973)
 * The Karl Marx Play (1973)
 * The Joker Of Seville (Trinidad Theatre Workshop Original Cast Album)(1974)
 * New Pulse Jazz Band (1979)
 * O Babylon! (1980)
 * Pulse On! (1981)
 * New Pulse Jazz Band III (1983)
 * Boogie Man (1985)
 * Lost Conquest (Conquista Perdida) (1986)
 * Purdie as a Picture (1994)
 * Reflections of a Radically Right Wing Composer (1992)
 * The Thomas Hardy Songs (1997)
 * El Niño (1998)
 * Up from the Basement Volumes 1 & 2 (2000)
 * Corporation (2000)
 * Spotted Owl (2000)
 * Live In Nashville (2000)
 * Foolish Lover (2001)
 * Paul Laurence Dunbar in Song (2001)
 * Waiting For The Limo (2003)
 * In Film (2004)
 * Asian Suite (2005)
 * Many Faces of Song (2009)
 * Sun (2009)
 * The Sun Always Shines for the Cool (2014)
 * Air & Angels (2017)

title: Galt MacDermot


text:
Talk:1971 in film

Untitled
Can anyone verify those Top Grossing films? A couple look very strange. Noisy 17:47, 3 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Why is it the list of highest earning films at the American box office? It should be the worldwide box office. 81.157.42.84 (talk) 15:37, 28 April 2008 (UTC)

Yes, A Clockwork Orange should be removed as the release dates are January 1972 in the UK and later in the US. Michaelpremsrirat (talk) 04:30, 3 May 2009 (UTC)

Billy Jack
Billy Jack was not the highest grossing film in 1971, nor did it generate $98,000,000 in box office revenue.

Here are the correct numbers: http://www.listal.com/list/top-grossing-films-1971

Lordvolton (talk) 17:55, 28 March 2015 (UTC)

U r wrong I will case on you Theboywonder2001 (talk) 19:44, 4 December 2021 (UTC)

Box office rentals
has repeatedly changed the box-office rentals for Billy Jack and Fiddler on the Roof in this chart of box-office rentals, changing them to box-office grosses. As the chart title makes clear—and as I have made clear in the edit summaries—this is a list of gross rentals NOT grosses! He subsequently left a message on my talk page saying "I am doing right thing not you".

Theboywonder2001 in this case is catgeorically incorrect. Rentals was the primary metric for measuring box-office in the 1970s and Variety did not switch to box-office grosses until the 1990s. The reason rentals lists are used for earlier years is because complete lists are not available for box-office grosses. Adding a box-office gross to a list of rentals is as bonkers as adding a worldwide gross to alist of domestic grosses, or mixing currencies. It makes the list nonsensical. You can see the full top 10 rental list here, and it is available offline through Variety also.

What Theboywonder2001 is doing here is clear WP:SYNTHESIS. He is adding 2 and 2 and coming up with 5. If somebody is telling you your edit is wrong it is generally a good idea to stop what you are doing and try to understand the issue, rather than constantly re-adding information. For the sake of clarity the rental figure for Billy Jack is $32.5 million, regardless of what it's box-office gross is. Betty Logan (talk) 19:36, 4 December 2021 (UTC)

Why r u doing wrong things i didn't know plz check the numbers where they said billy jack is no. 1 Theboywonder2001 (talk) 19:45, 4 December 2021 (UTC)

 * Until you understand the difference between a box-office GROSS and a box-office RENTAL it is impossible to reason with you. Box-office renatls is the historic methodology of ranking box-office. As you can see List_of_highest-grossing_films rentals were the primary metric until the mid-70s. If youn convert Billy Jack and Fiddler to a box-office gross then you have to do the same with all the other films on the list, but the data is not available. That is why the old Variety rentals lists are used for earlier years. If you continue to disrupt these lists I will be left no other choice but to report you. Betty Logan (talk) 19:53, 4 December 2021 (UTC)

I am sorry ma'am 😔
I am extremely sorry ma'am actually i am a 2000s decade and I didn't know about the box-office reports (original) and.I a business student that's why and I have regret to fight with you sorry ma'am plz forgave me. Theboywonder2001 (talk) 20:10, 4 December 2021 (UTC)
 * I forgive you! Box-office grosses and rentals cause a lot of confusion so that is ok, I used to be confused about them myself. Betty Logan (talk) 21:23, 4 December 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:1971 in film


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Bolshevik Island

Bolshevik Island (о́стров Большеви́к, ) is an island in Severnaya Zemlya, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Arctic. The island is named after the political faction of the same name.

History
The island, together with the eastern coast of what was named Emperor Nicholas II Land, was discovered by Boris Vilkitsky at the time of the 1913 Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition. Its insularity, however, wasn't proven until 1931, when Georgy Ushakov and Nikolay Urvantsev charted the archipelago during their 1930–32 expedition.

Prima Polar Station, currently the only Polar station operating in Severnaya Zemlya, is located in this island near Cape Baranov.

Geography
It is the southernmost island and the second largest island in the group. The area of this island has been estimated at 11270 sqkm. The island is mountainous reaching a height of 935 m. About 31% of Bolshevik Island, totaling over 3300 sqkm, is covered by glaciers, the largest are Leningrad Glacier, Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky Glacier, Kropotkin Glacier, Mushketov Glacier and Aerosyomki Glacier. Most of these ice formations do not reach the sea, ending in moraines in valleys or coastal plains having a sparse vegetation of moss and lichen.

Parts of the shore of the island are deeply indented, with Mikoyan Bay in the northopening to the Shokalsky Strait, as well as fjords such as Akhmatov Fjord, Thaelmann Fjord, Spartak Fjord and Partizan Fjord. Cape Unslicht (Mys Peschanyy) is the northernmost point of Bolshevik Island and Cape Neupokoyev at the SW end the southernmost. Ostrov Tash is a small island located on Bolshevik's southern shore. Lavrov Island and Blizky Island are located off the NE shore and Ostrov Lishniy off its northern tip.

The group formed by the smaller Maly Taymyr and Starokadomsky islands is located further offshore off the southeastern end.

Weather conditions
The weather on the island is extremely cold; the annual average temperature is -16 °C.

title: Bolshevik Island


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Fortunate Isles

The Fortunate Isles or Isles of the Blessed (μακάρων νῆσοι, makarōn nēsoi) were semi-legendary islands in the Atlantic Ocean, variously treated as a simple geographical location and as a winterless earthly paradise inhabited by the heroes of Greek mythology. In the time of Hesiod, the Fortunate Isles were associated with the concept of Elysium, a utopian location in the Greek underworld thought to be found in the Western ocean on the margin of the known world. The number of the islands would later be reduced to one by the poet Pindar.

Legend
According to Greek mythology, the islands were reserved for those who had chosen to be reincarnated three times, and managed to be judged as especially pure enough to gain entrance to the Elysian Fields all three times. The Theban poet Pindar reduced the number of the islands to one, describing it as having shady parklands with residents indulging in athletic and musical pastimes, activities that were thought to be the ideal life for ancient Greek aristocracy.

Accounts
Flavius Philostratus' Life of Apollonius of Tyana (v.2) says, "And they also say that the Islands of the Blessed are to be fixed by the limits of Libya where they rise towards the uninhabited promontory." In this geography Libya was considered to extend westwards through Mauretania "as far as the mouth of the river Salex, some nine hundred stadia, and beyond that point a further distance which no one can compute, because when you have passed this river Libya is a desert which no longer supports a population."

Plutarch, who refers to the "fortunate isles" several times in his writings, locates them firmly in the Atlantic in his vita of Sertorius. Sertorius, when struggling against a chaotic civil war in the closing years of the Roman Republic, had tidings from mariners of certain islands a few days' sail from Hispania:

It was from these men that Sertorius learned facts so beguiling that he considered retiring from Roman political life altogether to these islands, but conflicts to come prevented him from pursuing this rumour further.

Pliny the Elder's Natural History adds to the obligatory description—that they "abound in fruit and birds of every kind"—the unexpected detail that, "[t]hese islands, however, are greatly annoyed by the putrefying bodies of monsters, which are constantly thrown up by the sea".

The Isles are mentioned in Book II of A True History by the Greek satirist Lucian of Samosata. The author makes fun of the heroes residing there by giving an account of their petty squabbles as presented to the court of the magistrate, Rhadamanthus. He goes on to describe other observations of how the residents occupy their time, using every opportunity to satirise both contemporary life and Greek mythology.

Ptolemy used these islands as the reference for the measurement of geographical longitude and they continued to play the role of defining the prime meridian through the Middle Ages.

title: Fortunate Isles


text:
Brookfield Properties

Brookfield Properties is a North American subsidiary of commercial real estate company Brookfield Property Partners, which itself is a subsidiary of alternative asset management company Brookfield Asset Management. It is responsible for the asset management of the company's real estate portfolio, including office, multi-family residential, retail, hospitality, and logistics buildings. Brookfield Properties acquired General Growth Properties, one of the largest mall operators in the U.S., and merged it into Brookfield Properties in 2018.

History
The company's roots go back to the early 1900s in Montreal, Quebec. It was known then as the Canadian Arena Company and operated the Montreal Arena. In a partnership with Toronto investors, it built the Arena Gardens in Toronto. In the 1920s, it built the Montreal Forum to house the Montreal Maroons and Montreal Canadiens National Hockey League franchises; from 1935 to 1957, the company also owned the Canadiens. The company was acquired by Edper Investments in 1970. During the 1970s, when the company was known as Carena Properties, it expanded its business into commercial real estate. After the Montreal Forum closed, the Forum was sold to competitor Canderel Properties.

In 1989, Carena acquired a 33% interest in Olympia & York Developments Ltd., developers of the World Financial Center in New York, and in 1990, Brookfield acquired a 50% interest in a portfolio of office properties in Toronto, Denver and Minneapolis from BCE Development Corporation. In 1994, this holding was increased to 100% and included BCE Place, now Brookfield Place, Brookfield Properties' flagship office complex in Toronto.

In 1996, Carena acquired a 46% interest in World Financial Properties, a corporation formed from the bankruptcy of Olympia & York, which included three of the four towers of the World Financial Center, One Liberty Plaza, 245 Park Avenue in Manhattan. That year, Carena changed its name to Brookfield Properties Corporation.

In 1997, Brookfield Properties purchased 45% of Gentra, Inc., owner of several commercial properties in Toronto.

2000s
In 2000, Brookfield Properties acquired a portfolio of Calgary office properties, including the Bankers Hall complex.

In April 2001, the company lost out to Silverstein Properties, Inc., on the lease of the World Trade Center in New York City before the complex was destroyed during the September 11 attacks.

In 2003, Brookfield Properties completed the spin-off of Brookfield Homes, now part of Brookfield Residential, Brookfield Asset Management's U.S.-based home building business.

In 2005, Brookfield Properties acquired a 25% interest in O&Y Properties Corporation and O&Y Real Estate Investment Trust, expanding the company's real estate portfolio in four Canadian cities.

In 2006, the company acquired Trizec Properties, which was founded in 1960 by William Zeckendorf, builder of Place Ville Marie.

2010s
In 2010, it entered into London and Australian markets by acquiring the 100 Bishopsgate development site in the City of London and 16 properties encompassing 8 million SF in three major Australian cities.

On Earth Day on April 22, 2010, the company was listed as one of Canada's "The Green 30" Organizations Based On Eco-Friendly Programs and Practices based on an employee poll.

In 2011, Brookfield Properties divested its residential group consisting of Carma Developers and Brookfield Homes (Ontario) Ltd. to merge with Brookfield Homes Corporation to form Brookfield Residential Properties Inc. That same year, Brookfield Properties changed its name to Brookfield Office Properties to reflect its focus on commercial office properties.

In 2013, Brookfield Office Properties Inc. became the largest office landlord in Los Angeles after acquiring MPG Office Trust Inc.'s downtown portfolio. MPG had been one of Southern California's most prominent real estate developers and a longtime L.A. office tower owner. The MPG buildings they acquired include the Gas Company Tower, 777 Tower and the Wells Fargo Center on Bunker Hill.

In June 2014, Brookfield Property Partners (BPY) completed their acquisition of Brookfield Office Properties (BPO). BPO common shares were de-listed from the Toronto Stock Exchange as of June 10, 2014, and from the New York Stock Exchange on June 20, 2014. Brookfield Property Partners is now the sole owner of all of the issued and outstanding common shares of BPO.

On August 28, 2018, Brookfield Property Partners acquired Chicago-based real estate investment trust and shopping mall operator GGP Inc. (General Growth Properties), and merged its assets into Brookfield Properties, for $9 billion. Brookfield immediately sold a 49% interest in each of three former GGP super-regional malls to CBRE Group, and a 49% interest in three other former GGP malls to TIAA subsidiary Nuveen, seeking additional joint ventures for its newly acquired malls. The acquisition added 162 shopping malls comprising approximately 146 e6sqft of gross leasable area to Brookfield's portfolio.

In December 2018, Brookfield Properties took over the management of Forest City Realty Trust's real estate portfolio after the company was acquired by a fund affiliated with Brookfield Asset Management.

2020s
In September 2020, the company's retail group announced a layoff of 20% of its workforce of about 2,000 people.

In May 2023, Brookfield Properties announced a purchase of a 115,000 square foot Doral warehouse at 1500 Northwest 95th Avenue for $16 million.

Zuccotti Park
The company is the owner of Zuccotti Park, a publicly accessible park adjacent to one of its office buildings near Wall Street in the Manhattan borough of New York City, that in September 2011 became a site of protests by Occupy Wall Street. On October 11, 2011, Richard Clark, the company's CEO, sent a letter to NYC Police Commissioner Raymond Kelly requesting to "clear the park" as its use by Occupy Wall Street "violates the law, violates the rules of the Park, deprives the community of its rights of quiet enjoyment to the Park, and creates health and public safety issues." The request was later withdrawn. The park was reopened on November 11, 2011.

title: Brookfield Properties


text:
User talk:Cdheald

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title: User talk:Cdheald


text:
Prince of Wales Island

Prince of Wales Island may refer to:
 * Australia
 * Prince of Wales Island (Queensland) one of the Torres Strait Islands in Queensland, Australia
 * Canada
 * Prince of Wales Island, Nunavut, Arctic Archipelago
 * Prince of Wales Island, Lake Nipigon, Ontario
 * Malaysia
 * Penang Island, Malaysia, formerly Prince of Wales Island
 * USA
 * Prince of Wales Island (Alaska), USA
 * Prince of Wales Island, Jamaica Bay, New York

title: Prince of Wales Island