text:
Talk:Anodizing

Jargon
This article makes use of all sorts of metalurgy jargon which the reader is clearly expected to know. Perhaps some of it can't be avoided. In that case, said terms should be wikilinked.

I'm tempted to go in and wikilink them myself, but that's a slippery slope. It'd be better if someone who knows their stuff were to go through and decide what terms should be briefly defined in the article, and what terms should simply be linked to their respective articles. Dave314159 17:07, 4 April 2006 (UTC) I was disapointed that the number of seconds the electric current flows was not mentioned. Ccpoodle 04:38, 15 June 2007 (UTC)

Repetetive Redundancies
'I notice that an edit added "The pipes can accept certain dyes which provide a coloured finish." Given this is covered in the last para does this information add anything? It is repetition, but which should go and which stay? Ian 15:17, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Doesn't greatly matter. I realised my mistake shortly after making it, byt had a loss of connectivity before I could get back to fix it. I have reverted my changes out. Rich Farmbrough 22:02, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Chronologically, your place for the info. was better. But as it's less important than the actual process, having it separate seems OK. As you say, it doesn't matter than much. Ian'

What carabinders?
I can't get the caribiners picture to show up on the article. --Auric 04:48, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I think there's a temporary server problem. —BenFrantzDale 04:58, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

Anodised Titanium
This seems to be quite Aluminium-centric. What about Titanium? -- Sy / (talk) 20:52, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

Doesn't the color also depend on the oxidation state of the oxide formed (TiO2 vs Ti2O3 etc.), just as solutions have different colors? Same for Niobium. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 165.222.184.132 (talk) 13:06, 22 November 2011 (UTC)

Anode (negative electrode?)
The article states that the aluminium is made the anode (negative electrode). I was under the impression that an anode was the positive electrode and the cathode the negative electrode. I think the aluminium is made the positive electrode (anode) as aluminium ions are Al2+ (?) so needs to be the anode. This is in order to be oxidised by the oxygen ions.

The anode is positive
I have just read the comment on the discussion page that points out that the anode is positive and the cathode is negative. This is correct. I don't know how to amend the article, but it should be amended to ensure that it is correct. David - UK —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 172.207.80.135 (talk) 14:51, 6 December 2006 (UTC).

I fixed it. Sorry it took so long. Thanks for making the entry on the talk page. Comfr (talk) 06:30, 23 December 2015 (UTC)

cold sealing
"Sealing at 20 °C in nickel-cobalt salts, cold sealing, when the pores are closed by impregnation is also popular due to energy savings. Coatings sealed in this method are not suitable for adhesive bonding."

Is cold sealing the name for any process with nickel-cobalt salts at 20 degrees? Should we say room temperature? Can I assume it can be just around 20 degrees? Maybe it's only called cold sealing when "the pores are closed by impregnation" and other times it's just nickel sealing? --Gbleem 02:29, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

"Anodization changes the microscopic texture of the surface and can change the crystal structure of the metal near the surface." Should I say can or does? Does it always change the structure of the metal layer? --Gbleem 02:54, 25 December 2006 (UTC)

Request for anodisation specialist review
Sorry for the off-topic post, but I have a hypothesis about anodizing aluminum with DNA that I've written up (perhaps not so clearly) at http://infoeng.sf.net/dic-proposal.pdf. I would be enormously grateful if anyone could provide me with any feedback regarding that paper. Thanks. :) JPatrickBedell 22:53, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

British vs. American Spelling
Not a big deal from a science standpoint of course, but jumping back and forth in spelling variants isn't ideal. Pick one or the other. The vast majority of references in the article and on the web are of the American spelling so I changed the rest in the article (may have missed a few) to match. I cannot figure out how to change the title of the article though. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 128.120.179.12 (talk) 00:13, 24 February 2007 (UTC).

Moved page to anodizing --Readams 03:09, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Note that you shouldn't have done this- pages are meant to stay at their original spelling. 124.171.130.134 (talk) 07:13, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

 * No they're not. Wikipedia is an editable encyclopedia. If we see something that needs to be changed, we fix it.--Yannick (talk) 10:58, 10 October 2009 (UTC)

 * I don't know about back in 2009, but today the article specifies the use of American spelling. Since some of the words use the British spelling, should I change them? --Trifler (talk) 03:10, 30 April 2017 (UTC)

Chemically bonded to surface
I removed a few statements which said the strength and adhesion of anodic films could be explained by the fact they are chemically bonded to the surface, or that they are grown on the surface. Paints, chromate conversion coatings, and arguably platings are also chemically bonded, but they crack and peel much more easily than anodic films. The reason for the greater strength of anodic films has to do with the fact that oxygen binds to metals better than anything else, and that most metal oxides like alumina are very strong by themselves, which is again due to the strong oxygen bonds. But I don't have a clean way to explain that, nor do I have references to cite.--Yannick 02:38, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

Hot Sealing process
I'm curious as to whether the hot sealing process (normally immersing in boiling water) is a chemical or thermal reaction/process - can anyone clarify for me? It is unclear from the main page.
 * Note that the dichromate seals are also hot processes. But I don't know the answer to your question.--Yannick 17:17, 6 October 2007 (UTC)

Process Specification Details
It looks like someone included too many or not enough zeros on some of the thickness specifications for MIL-A-8625. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 216.182.41.210 (talk) 13:29, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

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Factually accurate/inaccurate
As I read though this article, I come across some items that initially struck me as incorrect. Has an expert in the field looked this article over? A couple of areas that didn't seem right upon initial viewing include the descriptions of Types (I, II, and III), and the thickness for hard anodize that doesn't match the standard at all (.0020 +/-20%). Is anyone else noticing these sort of issues? —  f c s u p e r ( How's That?, That's How! ) (Exclusionistic Immediatist ) — 01:13, 27 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Is that the standard? Because commercially I find the tolerance to be around +/- 100%. LOL...but to answer your question I haven't reviewed the article. Wizard191 (talk) 02:29, 27 November 2010 (UTC)

 * Wizard191, according to the MIL spec, that is the standard. It is necessary to achieve the required hardness.  Also, I've striked-out my comment about types.  That part is correct (just checked). fcsuper (talk) 14:41, 27 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I think you mean the required durability. The coating is the same hardness no matter what thickness it is. Wizard191 (talk) 15:15, 27 November 2010 (UTC)
 * Yup. We can work on clarifying any issues with the article over time.  I think it is close enough right now to be OK without requiring any urgent edits.  —  f c s u p e r ( How's That?, That's How! ) (Exclusionistic Immediatist ) —  16:57, 27 November 2010 (UTC)
 * I agree. Removing technical tag now. Guy Macon (talk) 18:23, 19 March 2011 (UTC)

RoHS options
When I left Fluke Manufacturing in the mid 90's they had converted the Chrome(VI) anodizing of Aluminum to Chrome(III) Anodizing. Freshly cut Aluminum acquires a thin layer of Oxide when exposed to Air; Oxygen atoms diffuse into the Aluminum metal lattice so initial oxide is expanded metal lattice, some Al atoms attached to both metal and oxide. The oxide layer is strengthened by being under compression. Chromium(III) (slightly larger than Al atom) can replace Al atoms (e.g. Ruby) in Aluminum Oxide. The Fluke requirement was not only corrosion resistance but also electrical conductivity of the oxide to provide a good Ground for electrical parts inside the Aluminum cases. Uncontrolled oxide growth was implicated in fires caused by use of Aluminum wire cable for House wiring (ROMEX).

Paint does not passivate. Paint generally does not chemically bond with the Aluminum surface, but rather it is physically held by surface roughness. Aircraft from WWII on generally were left as shiny unpainted Aluminum. (The surface roughness of the paint used and the extra weight slowed aircraft down.) For commercial aircraft FAA requirements for surface inspection made stripping and repainting costly. Relaxation of FAA testing requirements led to more than a few crashes. We examined Aluminum skin of a crashed jet. Small scratches in the paint allow moisture and Chloride to penetrate, the rest of the paint surface becoming the cathode. The penetrated moisture and chloride are concentrated at a point, furthest from the scratch, which is the anode; the concentrated Hydrochloric Acid eating the oxide and underlying Aluminum becoming a stress crack locus. (The pressure cycling of 0 to 33,000 feet and back on many short hops did the rest, and the fuselage ripped open.)

Shjacks45 (talk) 04:27, 24 July 2011 (UTC)

 * Not sure what the point of this brain dump was, but several of these details are confused:
 * Fluke's chromate conversion coating is not the same thing as anodizing.
 * The "surface roughness" theory of paint has long been disproven. If it were true, then paint primers would have no effect.
 * "We found a scratch in the paint job, therefore our design's not at fault" is a common excuse in the aircraft industry.
 * --Yannick (talk) 14:59, 9 May 2012 (UTC)

Needs pictures of aluminum colors
I came here looking for the colors possible with anodized aluminum. Somthing like that strip on the titanium section but for aluminum would be great. --TiagoTiago (talk) 16:14, 17 February 2013 (UTC)

 * As the article says, the colors possible are almost limitless. They are achieved by adding dye, and there are lots of different dyes in the world.  The titanium chart shows the colors you can get without any dye.  Aluminum anodizing just looks like aluminum without any dye. Ccrrccrr (talk) 01:15, 11 February 2014 (UTC)

Marin County Civic Center
I think the Marin County Civic Center picture should be removed. It's not helpful in showing what anodizing looks like, especially without color, so it's really just there as trivia. Ccrrccrr (talk) 01:17, 11 February 2014 (UTC)

Aluminium radiators
I read that black anodised aluminium have very high emissivity compared to pure or alloyed aluminium, so this is why it is used for radiators. If somebody knows if it is true, please add this info. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2620:0:105F:311:C16B:9E80:F90A:59E3 (talk) 11:34, 8 December 2014 (UTC)

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Aluminum history
The history section talks about when anodizing was first used in general. I'm interested in when it was first used on aluminum. I would also like to know when it was first used on a large scale specifically for dyeing. --Trifler (talk) 03:02, 30 April 2017 (UTC)

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Strange title / heading
The "Other widely used specifications" is weirdly placed there. "Other" than what? MarmotteiNoZ 20:01, 22 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Anodizing


text:
Duck and Cover (film)

Duck and Cover is a 1951 American civil defense animated and live action social guidance film that is often mischaracterized as propaganda. It has similar themes to the more adult-oriented civil defense training films. It was widely distributed to United States schoolchildren in the 1950s, and teaches students what to do in the event of a nuclear explosion.

The film was funded by the US Federal Civil Defense Administration and released in January 1952. At the time, the Soviet Union was engaged in nuclear testing and the US was in the midst of the Korean War. It was written by Raymond J. Mauer, directed by Anthony Rizzo of Archer Productions, narrated by actor Robert Middleton, and made with help from schoolchildren from New York City and Astoria, New York.

The film is in the public domain and widely available through Internet sources such as YouTube, as well as on DVD. It was screened on Turner Classic Movies' Saturday night–Sunday morning film showcase series, TCM Underground.

In 2004, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."

Plot summary

The film starts with an animated sequence, showing Bert, an anthropomorphic turtle walking down a road while picking up a flower and smelling it. A chorus sings the Duck and Cover theme:

Bert is shown being attacked by a monkey holding a lit firecracker or stick of dynamite on the end of a string. Bert ducks into his shell as the charge goes off and destroys both the monkey and the tree in which he is sitting, making it out safe because he ducked and covered.

The film then switches to live footage, as narrator Middleton explains what children should do "when you see the flash" of an atomic bomb. It is suggested that by ducking down low in the event of a nuclear explosion, such as crawling under desks, children would be safer than they would be standing. It also explains some basic survival tactics for nuclear war, such as facing a wall that might lend protection.

The last scene of the film returns to animation, in which Bert the Turtle (voiced by Carl Ritchie) summarily asks what everybody should do in the event of an atomic bomb flash and is given the correct answer by a group of unseen children.

Purpose
After nuclear weapons were developed, with Trinity having been the first nuclear weapon to be developed through the Manhattan Project during World War II, it soon became clear the danger they posed. The United States held a nuclear monopoly from the end of World War II until 1949, when the Soviets detonated their first nuclear device.

Soon after, the nuclear stage of the Cold War began; as a result, strategies for survival were thought out. Fallout shelters, both private and public, were built, but the government deemed it necessary to teach citizens about the danger of atomic and hydrogen bombs and give them training to prepare them to act in the event of a nuclear strike.

The solution was the duck and cover campaign, which Duck and Cover was an integral part of. Shelters were built, drills were held in towns and schools, and the film was shown to schoolchildren. According to the United States Library of Congress, which declared the film "historically significant" and inducted it for preservation into the National Film Registry in 2004, it "was seen by millions of schoolchildren in the 1950s."

Other media
The song "Bert the Turtle (Duck and Cover)", performed by Dick Baker, was released as a commercial recording by Coral Records and accompanied by a color campaign pamphlet. It sold three million copies.

Accuracy and usefulness

Many historians and the nuclear disarmament public at large have generally sought to mock and dismiss civil defense advice as mere propaganda, including Amy Cottrell, who argues the film was made primarily as an American red scare political tool, to remind children of the dangers posed by the Soviet Union and communism.

Detailed scientific research programs lay behind the UK government civil defense pamphlets of the 1950s and 1960s, including the advice to duck and cover, which has made a resurgence in recent years with new scientific evidence to support it. While these kinds of tactics would be useless for those at ground zero during a surface burst nuclear explosion, it would be beneficial to most people, who are positioned away from the blast hypocenter. Recent scientific analysis has largely supported the general idea of sheltering indoors in response to a nuclear explosion. Staying indoors can leave roads clear for emergency vehicles to access the area. This is known as the shelter in place protocol, and along with emergency evacuation, are recommended as the two countermeasures to take when the direct effects of nuclear explosions are no longer life-threatening and protection is needed from coming in contact with nuclear weapon fallout.

Historical context
The United States' monopoly on nuclear weapons was broken by the Soviet Union in 1949 when it tested its first nuclear explosive (Joe-1), causing many in the US government and public to realize that the nation was more vulnerable than before. Duck-and-cover exercises quickly became a part of Civil Defense drills that every American citizen, from children to the elderly, practiced to be ready in the event of nuclear war. In 1950, during the first big Civil Defense push of the Cold War and coinciding with the Alert America! initiative to educate Americans on nuclear preparedness, the adult-orientated Survival Under Atomic Attack was published, containing "duck and cover" advice in its Six Survival Secrets For Atomic Attacks section. ''1. Try To Get Shielded 2. Drop Flat On Ground Or Floor 3. Bury Your Face In Your Arms ("crook of your elbow")''. The child-orientated film Duck and Cover was produced a year later, in 1951, by the Federal Civil Defense Administration.

Education efforts on the effects of nuclear weapons proceeded with stops-and-starts in the US due to competing alternatives. In a once classified war game that examined varying levels of war escalation, warning, and pre-emptive attacks in the late 1950s to early 1960s, it was estimated that approximately 27 million US citizens would have been saved with civil defense education. However, at the time the cost of a full-scale civil defense program was regarded as less effective and less cost-efficient than a ballistic missile defense (Nike Zeus) system. As the Soviets were believed to be rapidly increasing their nuclear stockpile, the efficacy of both would begin to enter a diminishing returns trend. When more became known about the cost and limitations of the Nike Zeus system, in the early 1960s the head of the Department of Defense determined once more that fallout shelters would save more Americans for less money.

The production of Duck and Cover in 1951 by the Federal Civil Defense Administration occurred during the height of the Korean War (1950–1953) and coincided with the first Desert Rock exercises in the Nevada desert, which were designed to familiarize the US military with fighting alongside battlefield nuclear weapons. It was feared that a resolution to the Korean War might require the theater of operations to first expand across the border into the People's Republic of China and nuclear weapons to end it.

Appearance in other media
The 1982 satirical collage documentary film The Atomic Cafe uses footage from Duck and Cover. Both films were eventually inducted into the National Film Registry.

The video for "Weird Al" Yankovic's 1986 song "Christmas at Ground Zero" features footage from the film, mostly during an instrumental break. Bert the Turtle is shown in time with the lyric 'I'll duck and cover/ with my Yuletide lover'.

The video for Peter Gabriel's 1980 song "Games Without Frontiers" features footage from the film at the end of the song.

The 2015 film Bridge of Spies features a prominent scene in which grade school children watch Duck and Cover in their classroom.

In the 1997 South Park episode "Volcano", South Park's residents are urged to "duck and cover" by a volcano safety film which loosely parodies Duck and Cover. This proves ineffective, as the people who follow this advice are subsequently disintegrated by the lava from the volcanic eruption.

The 1999 film The Iron Giant, which is set in 1957, features a social guidance film titled Atomic Holocaust, the style and tone of which parodies the film. Near the end of the film, Kent Mansley suggests they duck and cover into a fallout shelter after the USS Nautilus mistakenly launches an offshore nuclear SLBM Polaris missile at their position. However, the other male adults claim this would be inefficient, convincing bystanders and Hogarth to not evacuate to shelter.

RiffTrax also spoofed this film in 2015.

The Grease: Rise of the Pink Ladies episode "You Can't Just Walk Out of a Drive-In" shows a group of teenagers being shown the film.

The Quantum Leap episode "Nuclear Family" shows two children watching the film on television.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Duck and Cover (film)


text:
Bang Yai district

Bang Yai (บางใหญ่, ) is a district (amphoe) in the western part of Nonthaburi province, central Thailand.

History
The district was created in 1917 as a minor district (king amphoe) by splitting it from the districts Bang Kruai and Bang Bua Thong. In 1921 it was elevated to full district status. Originally named Bang Mae Nang, on 19 October 1930 it was renamed "Bang Yai", the original name of Bang Kruai District.

Geography
Neighbouring districts are (from the north clockwise) Sai Noi, Bang Bua Thong, Mueang Nonthaburi, Bang Kruai, and Phutthamonthon of Nakhon Pathom province.

Administration
The district is divided into six sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 66 villages (mubans). Since 2020 Bang Mae Nang has had town (thesaban mueang) status, covering most parts of tambon Bang Mae Nang. There are five townships (thesaban tambons). Bang Muang covers parts of tambons Bang Muang, Bang Len, and Sao Thong Hin; Bang Yai covers parts of tambons Bang Mae Nang, Bang Yai, and Ban Mai; Sao Thong Hin covers most parts of tambon Sao Thong Hin; Bang Len covers most parts of tambon Bang Len; and Ban Bang Muang covers most parts of tambon Bang Muang. There are a further two tambon administrative organizations (TAO) responsible for the non-municipal areas of tambons Bang Yai and Ban Mai.

Environment
Bang Yai as well as neighbouring Bang Kruai and Mueang Nonthaburi is the last natural habitat of the Alexandrine parakeet and red-breasted parakeet, a medium-sized parrot in Bangkok Metropolitan Region. They live in groups on large trees in some local temples, such as Wat Suan Yai, Wat Utthayan, Wat Ampawan, Wat Chaloem Phra Kiat Worawihan.

title: Bang Yai district


text:
Acrylic acid

Acrylic acid (IUPAC: prop-2-enoic acid) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCOOH. It is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus. This colorless liquid has a characteristic acrid or tart smell. It is miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, and chloroform. More than a million tons are produced annually.

History
The word "acrylic" was coined in 1843, for a chemical derivative of acrolein, an acrid-smelling oil derived from glycerol.

Production
Acrylic acid is produced by oxidation of propylene, which is a byproduct of the production of ethylene and gasoline:
 * 2 CH2=CHCH3 + 3 O2 → 2 CH2=CHCO2H + 2 H2O

Historical methods
Because acrylic acid and its esters have long been valued commercially, many other methods have been developed. Most have been abandoned for economic or environmental reasons. An early method was the hydrocarboxylation of acetylene ("Reppe chemistry"):
 * Acrylic acid synthesis from acethylene.png

This method requires nickel carbonyl, high pressures of carbon monoxide, and acetylene, which is relatively expensive compared to propylene.

Acrylic acid was once manufactured by the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile, a material derived from propene by ammoxidation, but this route was abandoned because it cogenerates ammonium side products, which must be disposed of. Other now abandoned precursors to acrylic acid include ethenone and ethylene cyanohydrin.

Research
Carboxylating ethylene to acrylic acid under supercritical carbon dioxide is thermodynamically possible, but efficient catalysts have not been developed. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3HP), an acrylic-acid precursor by dehydration, can be produced from sugars, but the process is not competitive.

Reactions and uses
Acrylic acid undergoes the typical reactions of a carboxylic acid. When reacted with an alcohol, it forms the corresponding ester. The esters and salts of acrylic acid are collectively known as acrylates (or propenoates). The most common alkyl esters of acrylic acid are methyl, butyl, ethyl, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.

Acrylic acid and its esters readily combine with themselves (to form polyacrylic acid) or other monomers (e.g. acrylamides, acrylonitrile, vinyl compounds, styrene, and butadiene) by reacting at their double bond, forming homopolymers or copolymers, which are used in the manufacture of various plastics, coatings, adhesives, elastomers, as well as floor polishes and paints.

Acrylic acid is used in many industries, including the diaper industry, the water treatment industry, and the textile industry. The annual worldwide consumption of acrylic acid is projected to reach more than an estimated 8,000 kilotons by 2020. This increase is expected due to its use in new applications, including personal care products, detergents, and products for adult incontinence.

Substituents
As a substituent acrylic acid can be found as an acyl group or a carboxyalkyl group, depending on the removal of the group from the molecule.

More specifically, these are:
 * 1) The acryloyl group, with the removal of the −OH from carbon-1.
 * 2) The 2-carboxyethenyl group, with the removal of a −H from carbon-3. This substituent group is found in chlorophyll.

Safety
Acrylic acid is severely irritating and corrosive to the skin and the respiratory tract. Eye contact can result in severe and irreversible injury. Low exposure will cause minimal or no health effects, while high exposure could result in pulmonary edema. The is 340 mg/kg (rat, oral) with the lowest recorded  being 293 mg/kg (oral, rat) comparable to ethylene glycol which is indicative of being a potent poison. Ethyl acrylate was once used as synthetic food flavoring and was withdrawn by FDA possibly due to cancerogenic effects observed in lab animals.

Animal studies showed that high-doses of acrylic acid decreased weight gain. Acrylic acid can be converted to non-toxic lactic acid.

Acrylic acid is a constituent of tobacco smoke.

title: Acrylic acid


text:
Bang Bua Thong district

Bang Bua Thong (บางบัวทอง, ) is a district (amphoe) of Nonthaburi province, central Thailand.

Geography
Neighbouring districts are (from north clockwise) Lat Lum Kaeo (Pathum Thani province), Pak Kret, Mueang Nonthaburi, Sai Noi, and Bang Yai.

Administration
The district is divided into eight sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 81 villages (mubans). There are five town municipalities (thesaban mueang): Bang Bua Thong, which covers tambons Sano Loi and parts of tambons Bang Bua Thong, Bang Rak Yai, Phimon Rat, and Bang Rak Phatthana; Phimon Rat, which covers most parts of the tambon of the same name; Bang Rak Phatthana, which covers most parts of the tambon of the same name; Bang Khu Rat, which covers the tambon of the same name; and Mai Bang Bua Thong, which covers most parts of tambons Bang Bua Thong. There are a further three tambon administrative organizations (TAO).

title: Bang Bua Thong district


text:
Lennox Berkeley

Sir Lennox Randal Francis Berkeley CBE (12 May 1903 – 26 December 1989) was an English composer.

Biography
Berkeley was born on 12 May 1903 in Oxford, England, the younger child and only son of Aline Carla (1863–1935), daughter of Sir James Charles Harris, former British consul in Monaco, and Royal Navy Captain Hastings George FitzHardinge Berkeley (1855–1934), the illegitimate and eldest son of George Lennox Rawdon Berkeley, the 7th Earl of Berkeley (1827–1888). He attended the Dragon School in Oxford, going on to Gresham's School, in Holt, Norfolk and St George's School in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. He studied French at Merton College, Oxford, graduating with a fourth class degree in 1926. While at university he coxed the college rowing eight. He became an honorary fellow of Merton College in 1974.

In 1927, he went to Paris to study music with Nadia Boulanger, and there became acquainted with Francis Poulenc, Igor Stravinsky, Darius Milhaud, Arthur Honegger and Albert Roussel. Berkeley also studied with Maurice Ravel, often cited as a key influence in Berkeley's technical development as a composer.

In 1936, he met Benjamin Britten, also a former pupil of Gresham's School, at the ISCM Festival in Barcelona. Berkeley fell in love with Britten, who appears to have been wary of entering a relationship, writing in his diary, "we have come to an agreement on that subject." Nevertheless, the two composers shared a house for a year, living in the Old Mill at Snape, Suffolk, which Britten had acquired in July 1937. They subsequently enjoyed a long friendship and artistic association, collaborating on a number of works; these included the suite of Catalan dances titled Mont Juic, and Variations on an Elizabethan Theme (the latter also with four other composers).

He worked for the BBC during the Second World War, where he met his future wife, Elizabeth Freda Bernstein (1923–2016) whom he married on 14 December 1946. Together they had three sons: their eldest son Michael Berkeley, Baron Berkeley of Knighton, is also a composer, and their youngest son is the photographer Nick Berkeley.

He wrote several piano works for the pianist Colin Horsley, who commissioned the Horn Trio and some piano pieces, and gave the first performances and/or made the premier recordings of a number of his works, including his third Piano Concerto (1958).

He was Professor of Composition in the Royal Academy of Music from 1946 to 1968. His students included Richard Rodney Bennett, David Bedford, Adam Pounds, Richard Stoker, Clive Strutt, John Tavener and Brian Ferneyhough. Ferneyhough felt that he learned nothing from Berkeley because of the gap between their musical conceptions, remembering him as "a notably urbane and well-meaning presence" whose "Nadia Boulenger [sic] influenced gallic aesthetics were completely unable to deal with my compositional needs."

1954 saw the premiere of his first opera, Nelson, at Sadler's Wells. He was knighted in 1974 and from 1977 to 1983 was President of the Cheltenham Festival.

He resided at 8 Warwick Avenue, London, from 1947 until his death in 1989. On 20 March 1990 a memorial service was held for him at Westminster Cathedral, London.

Honours

 * 1983 : Member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium.

Musical style
Berkeley's earlier music is broadly tonal, influenced by the neoclassical music of Stravinsky. Berkeley's contact and friendship with composers such as Ravel and Poulenc and his studies in Paris with Boulanger lend his music a 'French' quality, demonstrated by its "emphasis on melody, the lucid textures and a conciseness of expression". He maintained a negative view of atonal music at least up until 1948, when he wrote:

"I have never been able to derive much satisfaction from atonal music. The absence of key makes modulation an impossibility, and this, to my mind, causes monotony [...] I am not, of course, in favour of rigidly adhering to the old key-system, but some sort of tonal centre seems to me a necessity."

However, from the mid-1950s, Berkeley apparently felt a need to revise his style of composition, later telling the Canadian composer, R. Murray Schafer that "it's natural for a composer to feel a need to enlarge his idiom." He started including tone rows and aspects of serial technique in his compositions around the time of the Concertino, Op. 49 (1955) and the opera Ruth (1955–56). His shift in opinion was demonstrated in an interview with The Times in 1959:

"I'm not opposed to serial music; I've benefited from studying it, and I have sometimes found myself writing serial themes – although I don't elaborate on them according to strict serial principles, because I'm quite definitely a tonal composer. And there are some exceptions to the gospel of intellectualisation – I enjoyed listening to the record of Boulez's Le Marteau sans maître very much, because there the timbres of the music were attractive in themselves."

Opera

 * Nelson, (1951)
 * A Dinner Engagement, Op. 45 (1954)
 * Ruth, Op. 50 (1955–6)
 * Castaway, Op. 68 (1967)
 * Faldon Park, (1979–85). Incomplete.

Orchestral

 * Mont Juic, suite of Catalan dances, Op. 9 (written jointly with Benjamin Britten)
 * Serenade, for string orchestra (1938–9)
 * Symphony No. 1 (1936–40)
 * Divertimento (1943)
 * Piano Concerto in B-flat major, Op. 29 (1947–8)
 * Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra, Op. 30 (1948)
 * Symphony No. 2 (1958, revised 1976)
 * Symphony No. 3, in one movement (1968–9)
 * Sinfonia Concertante, for oboe and chamber orchestra (1972–3)
 * Voices of the Night, Op. 86 (1973)
 * Guitar Concerto, Op. 88
 * Symphony No. 4 (1977–78)

Choral

 * A Festival Anthem, Op. 21, No. 2 (1945)
 * Crux fidelis, Op. 43, No. 1 (1955)
 * I sing of a maiden (1966)
 * Look up, sweet babe, Op. 43, No. 2 (1955)
 * Missa Brevis, Op. 57 (1960)
 * Mass for five voices, Op. 64 (1964)
 * Magnificat for chorus and orchestra, Op. 71 (1968)
 * Three Latin Motets, Op. 83, No. 1 (1972)
 * The Lord is my shepherd, Op. 91, No. 1 (1975)
 * Magnificat and Nunc dimittis ("Chichester service"), Op. 99 (1980)

Solo vocal

 * Five Housman Songs, Op. 14, No. 3
 * Four Poems of St Teresa of Ávila, Op. 27, for contralto and string orchestra (1947)
 * Three Greek Songs, Op. 38 (1953)
 * Five Poems by W. H. Auden, Op. 53

Chamber

 * String Quartet No. 1, Op. 6 (1935)
 * String Quartet No. 2, Op. 15 (1941)
 * String Trio, Op. 19 (1943)
 * Sonata in D minor for viola and piano, Op. 22 (1945)
 * Introduction and Allegro, for solo violin (1949) (edited by Ivry Gitlis)
 * Trio for horn, violin and piano, Op. 44 (1952)
 * Sextet for clarinet, horn and string quartet, Op. 47 (1954)
 * String Quartet No. 3, Op. 76 (1970)
 * Introduction and Allegro, for double bass and piano (1972) (for Rodney Slatford)
 * Duo for cello and piano
 * Sonata Op. 97 for flute and piano
 * Sonatina Op. 13 for recorder and piano
 * Three Pieces for Solo Viola, WoO (Dedicated to Stephan Deák, discovered 2004.)

Piano

 * Three Pieces, Op. 2 (1935)
 * Piano Sonata in A major, Op. 20 (1941–5)
 * Six Preludes, Op. 23 (1945)
 * Three Mazurkas, Op. 31 No. 1 (1939–49)

Guitar

 * Quatre pièces pour la guitare (1928)
 * Sonatina, Op. 52, No. 1 (1957)
 * Theme and Variations, Op. 77 (1970)

Clarinet

 * Three Pieces for Clarinet, (1939)

Flute

 * Sonatina for Flute or Treble Recorder and Piano (1940)

Violin

 * Sonatina for Violin and Piano in A, Op. 17 (1942)
 * Theme and Variations (1950)

Film and radio
Film Scores: Radio Scores:
 * Sword of the Spirit, December 1942
 * Out of Chaos, January 1944, London Symphony orchestra
 * Hotel Reserve, June 1944, BBC Northern orchestra/Muir Mathieson
 * The First Gentleman, April 1948, Royal Philharmonic orchestra/Thomas Beecham, April 1948
 * Youth in Britain, April 1958
 * Westminster Abbey, 1941, Section of Northern BBC orchestra, London, BBC, 7 September 1941
 * Yesterday and Today, 1943, Wireless Singers/Father
 * J. B. Mc Elligott, Evesham, BBC, 19 April 1942
 * A Glutton for life, 1946, ad hoc orchestra/Lennox Berkeley, London BBC, 21 November 1946
 * The wall of Troy, 1946, ad hoc orchestra/Lennox Berkeley, London BBC, 21 November 1946
 * The Seraphina, 1956, Sinfonia of London/Lennox Berkeley, London BBC, 4 October 1956
 * Look back to Lyttletoun, 1957, English opera group orchestra, Ambrosian singers/ Norman del Mar, London, BBC, 8 July 1957

title: Lennox Berkeley


text:
Marbleton

Marbleton may refer to:
 * Marbleton, Dudswell, Quebec, Canada - a former village
 * Marbleton, Wyoming, United States

It may also be a misspelling of Marbletown:

 * Marbletown, New York, United States

title: Marbleton


text:
Sai Noi district

Sai Noi (ไทรน้อย, ) is the northwesternmost district (amphoe) of Nonthaburi province, central Thailand.

Geography
Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise): Lat Bua Luang (Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya province); Lat Lum Kaeo (Pathum Thani province); Bang Bua Thong, Bang Yai, and the districts Phutthamonthon and Bang Len of Nakhon Pathom province.

History
At first the area was administered from Bang Bua Thong District. On 1 January 1948 four sub-districts were split off to form the new minor district (king amphoe) Sai Noi. On 6 June 1956 it was elevated to full district status.

In 1959 Tambon Khun Si was transferred from Bang Len District (Nakhon Pathom) to become part of Sai Noi.

In 1979 the southern part of Tambon Rat Niyom formed the new tambon, Khlong Khwang. The following year the southern part of Tambon Sai Noi was split off to create Tambon Thawi Watthana.

Economy
One of the world's leading tropical seed companies, East-West Seed (EWS), has its global headquarters in the district. EWS was named the world's top-ranked number seed provider to smallholder farmers by the Amsterdam-based Access to Seeds Foundation.

Most areas of Sai Noi are still rural. Most residents have a rice farming career.

Administration
The district is divided into seven sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 68 villages (mubans). Sai Noi itself has sub-district municipality status (thesaban tambon) which covers parts of tambons Sai Noi and Khlong Khwang. There are a further seven tambon administrative organizations (TAO).

title: Sai Noi district


text:
Acetylation

 * aspirin synthesis.png is acetylated to form aspirin]]

In chemistry, acetylation is an organic esterification reaction with acetic acid. It introduces an acetyl group into a chemical compound. Such compounds are termed acetate esters or simply acetates. Deacetylation is the opposite reaction, the removal of an acetyl group from a chemical compound.

Acetylation/deacetylation in biology
Deacylations "play crucial roles in gene transcription and most likely in all eukaryotic biological processes that involve chromatin".

Acetylation is one type of post-translational modification of proteins. The acetylation of the ε-amino group of lysine, which is common, converts a charged side chain to a neutral one. Acetylation/deacetylation of histones also plays a role in gene expression and cancer. These modifications are effected by enzymes called histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs).

Two general mechanisms are known for deacetylation. One mechanism involves zinc binding to the acetyl oxygen. Another family of deacetylases require NAD+, which transfers an ribosyl group to the acetyl oxygen.

Organic synthesis
Acetate esters and acetamides are generally prepared by acetylations. Acetylations are often used in making C-acetyl bonds in Friedel-Crafts reactions. Carbanions and their equivalents are susceptible to acetylations.

Acetylation reagents
Many acetylations are achieved using these three reagents:
 * Acetic anhydride. This reagent is common in the laboratory; its use cogenerates acetic acid.
 * Acetyl chloride. This reagent is also common in the laboratory, but its use cogenerates hydrogen chloride, which can be undesirable.
 * Ketene. At one time acetic anhydride was prepared by the reaction of ketene with acetic acid:
 * H2C\dC\dO + CH3CO2H -> (CH3CO)2O             $$\Delta H = -63 \text{ kJ/mol}$$

Acetylation of cellulose
Cellulose is a polyol and thus susceptible to acetylation, which is achieved using acetic anhydride. Acetylation disrupts hydrogen bonding, which otherwise dominates the properties of cellulose. Consequently, the cellulose esters are soluble in organic solvents and can be cast into fibers and films.

Transacetylation
Transacetylation uses vinyl acetate as an acetyl donor and lipase as a catalyst. This methodology allows the preparation of enantio-enriched alcohols and acetates.

title: Acetylation


text:
User talk:Lance6Wins

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck! ` Yes, the Reuters article is POV, or just hastily written - without explanations of this and that. We have no such excuse here. refer to other sources, and say the Qurei is also one of the critics, but explain what he said - dont claim to interpret what he thinks... -SV 19:54, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

 * Much better. Notes:
 * "Qurei retracted his resignation on July 27, 2004, after Yasser Arafat granted him control over parts of a security apparatus. (Named?, what does it do?), its control was one of Qurei's conditions for the retraction; among other concerns he listed as necessary for carrying out reforms. Arafat has retained control over the bulk of a dozen security services. Qurei among the critics of who claim that the security appartus shows signs of internal corruption and lawlessness; United States-led mediators have blamed (members of? the existence of?) for preventing the advance of the current Road Map, put forth by the so-called "Quartet." Arafat acted after unprecedented public unrest in the Gaza Strip; protesters calling for reforms, including elections.

The quote adds much. "organization exhibits" should be "organizations exhibit" -SV The organizations given to Qurei's control are not named in the reports that I have seen so far....there are between 12-17 or so different ones.
 * OK - as it stands, its very good, and now were both on the same page as far as what can be plugged in, and where. Good news articles are modular: they are separated in distinct blocks, by order of relevance. Encyclopedias can be a little flowery on more general topics, but for articles about, or sections about current events - modularity, terseness, and NPOV are essential.

"Yasser Arafat's leadership" is fine. "running of" carries connotations of dicatatorship, which we should avoid. Just attribute the criticism to those with the authority to say something, and let them sort of talk at each other in counterpoint, like a dialogue. 'He said this... but she said that...' I added the comment here just before you did the quote. Its an absolutely relevant qutote, and here we should use lots more quotes - in the context of bios and current events sections. Good work. -SV

Go with it. Avoid confrontation with Viajero and Zero, unless its in the context of mediation. Dont revert - make comment/criticism. Im done for today (sorry-longer text got lost -shortened version) -SV 21:46, 27 Jul 2004 (UTC)

for the questions and the discussion. Glad to see your still around. If you plan on changing your name, please be overt about it - ie make it known.-SV

Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Lance6wins
The Lance6wins arbitration case is open. Please place evidence at Requests for arbitration/Lance6wins/Evidence. --mav 10:38, 8 Aug 2004 (UTC)

blocking
Response on my talk. —No-One Jones (m) 21:29, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Copied from —No-One Jones (m)

 * Maybe. Zero may or may not be able to argue that you were inserting misinformation, which is a type of Vandalism. If he did make the case, then the block would be technically improper but would probably be upheld as doing the right thing in the wrong way; if he didn't, then he would probably be reprimanded for abuse of administrator powers. —No-One Jones (m) 21:29, 20 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Don't think that I unblocked you because I agree with what you're dong. I'm only doing it because Zero, as a participant in the discussion, was wrong to be the one to block you. There was nothing wrong with his asking somebody else to block you. RickK 00:18, Sep 21, 2004 (UTC)

 * You mentioned "Don't think that I unblocked you because I agree with what you're dong."

 * Removing Wikipedia content because it does not fit a POV is damage to Wikipedia. That is exactly NOT what I am doing.  What I am doing is adding material that expands the point of view of Wikipedia by including information is that some would rather see deleted.  One example is the current FBI investigation of Yasser Arafat for ordering the murders of two US diplomats and a Belgian in March 1973.  There are those who wish to bury or ignore this.  The FBI may drop its investigation, it may not.  The decision will have a political component.  Wikipedia should be able to report the investigation and its results without malice or predjudice (sp?).   Similarly for the statements of HaAretz reporter Amos Harel that Hamas members have told him (Harel) that division with Israeli society, as shown by the pilots letter, provided support and incentive to Hamas to continue its campaign of suicide bombing.

 * Do you disagree with these additions? We could discuss the matter. Discussion is something that Zero0000 has never entered into, preferring to revert, protect, go to ArbCom and block.  I would like to discuss the matter with you and any other person here at Wikipedia. Lance6Wins 14:17, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

User:209.135.35.83
What is your relationship, if any, with User:209.135.35.83? Fred Bauder 16:51, Sep 21, 2004 (UTC)

209.135.35.83 is an NAT IP address. All individuals within this site appear as this site's NAT IP addresses. I am not responsible for the actions or writings of all individuals within this site. Lance6Wins 17:59, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * You didn't answer my question though. In the arbitration case certain edits by that ip are attributed to you. Are they your edits? Fred Bauder 18:35, Sep 21, 2004 (UTC)

For example, these: Fred Bauder 18:37, Sep 21, 2004 (UTC)

(Citation immediately above copied to here.)
 * 13:37
 * Yes, I added to the list of participants to reflect all parties involved. Zero0000 and Viajero appear to want to hide their joint action.  Both are deeply involved in this matter.

 * 13:39
 * No.

 * 13:44
 * No.

 * 13:56
 * No....what was this one about even? How is it related?  Guanaco? Raul654?  I am not aware of these two or their activities.

As to where to reply, either here or on my talk page is fine. In regard to the edits above, if you were the one who made the edit at 13:37 it is hard to see how you did not make the next two which concern the same people. Fred Bauder 19:19, Sep 21, 2004 (UTC)

For example, is this your edit: ? Fred Bauder 19:22, Sep 21, 2004 (UTC)

I would be hard to believe but for the fact that there are hundreds of people behind the NAT IP addresses. I do not know your level of familiarity with TCP/IP protocols. Its not an area that lawyers venture into much...at least that is true of the ones that I have spoken with. You may be quite informed in this area. I have been using and programming them for quite some years. Some of whom sympathize with my situation and edit Wikipedia without logging in. Given the level of Ad hominem attacks against me by Viajero and Zero0000. Indeed, why should they subject themselves to same treatment?

I do not remember if that was my edit or not. I can state with perfect certainly that Zero0000, Viajero and I have disagreed about the content of Daniel Pipes. Zero0000 and Viajero delete any and all material that reflects well on the individual, even to the point of which journals had published his writings. Daniel Pipes view on Islamic terrorism is very unpopular with those two individuals, unpopular to point of vilification.

Certainly, at times I have made edits from this site without logging in first. Logging is not something that I always remember to do. I do hope that we will not be going edit by edit.

Have you read Jimbo Wales most recent statements? (newlines removed so that it displays better in Wikipedia.) Lance6Wins 19:38, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

 * Rick wrote:
 * > Zero's problem with you is that he claims that you are misrepresenting these people as being not who you say they are. I disagree with his blocking you because he was involved in a dispute with you, but if it's true that you are not correctly identifying your sources, then blocking is a valid option.

 * Absolutely it is not a valid option for someone who is involved in editing the article. The first and foremost cardinal rule of ethics for sysop powers is that you must never ever use them to win a dispute about content.  If we allowed that, it would be the end of NPOV and the beginning of SPOV  sysop point of view).

 * --Jimbo

and

 * Harry Smith wrote:
 * > Thank you for your support in this matter. I have asked the ArbCom to examine they matter and take appropriate action.

 * I take no position at the moment on whether or not you should have been blocked -- it does not sound like it to me, but I have not investigated. What I think it is safe to say is that anyone who is involved in an edit dispute on an article must _never_ use sysop powers to win that argument.

 * A safe course of action for Zero would have been to consult with other sysops, and have someone else do it if it was within the rules of blocking.

 * --Jimbo

and

 * Rick wrote:
 * > Jimmy, you need to know the whole history of the case.

 * In order to know if Lance should have been blocked by someone, yes, I would need to know the full history of the case. But we have a cardinal rule, that goes all the way back to the existence of sysop powers in the first place, that they must never be used in a dispute over content that we are personally involved in.

 * If you think we get silly complaints now about sysop abuse, just imagine what it would be like if we let sysops win arguments over content by blocking people who disagree.

--Jimbo

His position on the matter of Zero0000 abusing his sysop privileges seems quite clear. Lance6Wins 19:38, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Those mailing list posts got me started on working on the case. At this point I am just investigating what the issues are. Fred Bauder 21:00, Sep 21, 2004 (UTC)

68.163.19.83
How about this edit by User:68.163.19.83? What do you think about the Daniel Pipes article now. What would you put into it if you could? Fred Bauder 21:29, Sep 21, 2004 (UTC)

I do not recognize that IP address. I will have to read the article to see what it now contains. Will do that later. Some of the edit was where he went to school and degrees received. Such things can not be agreed upon? Lance6Wins 15:32, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Violence in 2004
As I said, the tolls should be monthly, not comulative. I know that each month, Haaretz publish the monthly death toll of Palestinians killed, unsuprisingly, most of the deads are terrorists. MathKnight 21:48, 21 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Can you provide pointers to those pages in Hebrew or in English. Either language is fine. Lance6Wins 15:58, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Your point of view
I have now examined a few of your edits and note that they seem to take what might be characterized as a right-wing or extreme Zionist point of view. How would you characterize the point of view expressed by your edits? I am thinking that you might be required to more accurately express the point of view in the edits you make. Like, for example, "From a right-wing Zionist perspective it appears that Refusal to serve in the Israeli military has resulted in increased terrorism by Hamas and other Palestinian terrorist organizations." Could you live with this? Anyway how would you characterize these points of view? Fred Bauder 15:29, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

I believe that my point of view is fair, as I suspect, certainly hope, all editors of Wikipedia so believe regarding their own points of view.

Ed Poor has repeatedly stated that the only way to handle multiple viewpoint is to present and credit. That seems a reasonable way to proceed. Indeed, you may notice that I do not remove other points of view from articles, that I use citations frequently, and that I prefer direct quotes over presentations or interpretations of people's statements. Amos Harel of Haaretz and Yisacharov (sp?) of the Israel Broadcasting Authority are not right-wing and both work for organizations considered rather to very left wing. Some would say that this adds to the credibility of their statements. Furthermore they quote Hamas directly....Hamas does not speak "From a right-wing Zionist perspective". Indeed to so qualify the Hamas quotes is....inaccurate. The quote states that Hamas suicide bombing policy was affected by the Pilot's Letter. "When we heard about the 'Pilots' Letter' [written and publicized last year by 27 Israel Air Force pilots who refused to take part in bombing missions against terrorist leaders in Arab towns], and the elite soldiers who refused to serve [in Judea, Samaria and Gaza], it strengthened those in our camp who promoted the idea of suicide bombers..." Why should we dispute that with Hamas? Who are we to speak on the decision process within Hamas. A direct quote is quite suitable.

Is allowing Hamas to speak for itself "a right-wing or extreme Zionist point of view"? This is precisely the main activity of MEMRI and IMRA. It is also an the objection that some in the "left wing/liberal" section of the population have regarding translations of Arabic news into English by MEMRI and IMRA. Accuracy is not disputed. Sources are not disputed. Rather its "why do you do this? why choose such upsetting material?" Lance6Wins 15:57, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Obviously there are two points of view, that of Hamas but reported at second hand through an Israeli viewpoint. Fred Bauder 16:46, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

Left wing extremist, Yisacharov journalist for the Israeli Broadcasting Authority interviews Hamas leaders in the Gaza Strip who say "When we heard about the 'Pilots' Letter' [written and publicized last year by 27 Israel Air Force pilots who refused to take part in bombing missions against terrorist leaders in Arab towns], and the elite soldiers who refused to serve [in Judea, Samaria and Gaza], it strengthened those in our camp who promoted the idea of suicide bombers..."

The Grey Lady of American print journalism, The New York Times, reputed to part of the Jewish Liberal media monopoly reports "Iraqi Officials Say Female Inmate Is to Be Released".

Rather silly. Who will keep the list of required tag lines for each news source? Lance6Wins 17:26, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Right wing or Left ?
"In elections in Baltimore in 2002 and in Georgia last year, black voters were sent fliers saying anyone who hadn't paid utility bills or had outstanding parking tickets or were behind on their rent would be arrested at polling stations. It happens in every election cycle,".

Feeling outrage at this practice defines one as right wing or left?

In the context of American politics left wing. It's not terribly ambigous. Fred Bauder 16:46, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

These labels are not (very) useful, I have found that they hide more than they reveal. An example: some prefer stronger law enforcement despite the additional innocents that will be arrested. some prefer that there be fewer errors in law enforcement even if fewer criminals are apprehended. Hopefully everyone wants the crooks caught and the innocent free. Does right and left or liberal and conservative reveal anything to us regarding this issue. One of the great strengths of the ACLU is that it defends civil liberties, those of the popular and the unpopular. This commitment to the law to the liberties of human beings is sorely missing from human rights groups such as B'tzelem, which does not object to administrative detention of "right wingers" but files suit regarding dministrative  detention of "left wingers", ISM, and PCHR which countance violence/terrorism against Israelis without objection.

I expect that John Kerry will lose the election in part because he will not submit to the right/left distinction....saying that the US should not have invaded Iraq, but having done so will have to work to make the best of it for Iraqis...does not please anyone. No addition voters for taking a responsible stand on the issue. Lance6Wins 16:15, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Some pretty fancy footwork there Lance6win but the point is: Could you live with a decree that required you to clearly identify the point of view of the controversial edits you make or would you prefer a ban from editing Israeli related articles? Fred Bauder 16:46, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

"Some pretty fancy footwork there" ????....sorry, I was sincerely answering you. Perhaps I have misunderstood you. Have I? Lance6Wins 17:22, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

You are being evasive about the question I am posing. Fred Bauder 17:51, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

"clearly identify the point of view of the controversial edits" there are numerous definitional problems here that need to be answered. Zero0000 objects seems to object to any and all material that does not either castigate Israel/Jews/Judaism or laud Arabs/Muslims/Islam. Are you accepting his definition of "controversial edits"? I can not accept that definition of controversial.

 * I doubt I accept Zero0000's viewpoint. I'm looking for a way the point of view you insert can be identified, not excluded. That can be expressed in terms of source, if the source is usually identified with a point of view, or by characterization of point of view. Characterization of point of view is more difficult, but it is ultimately your responsibility. So long as you simply say it is so rather than attribute the assertion you misrepresent the information. Fred Bauder 20:17, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

I clearly identify the source of every citation...indeed the citation (hyperlink/URL) does not work without that. I do not seek to add non-functional citations to Wikipedia. The crux of the matter is not that Yischarov reported it on television, or that INN quoted it. The crux of the matter is that leaders of Hamas said it. I have reported it clearly, inescapably clearly, as being related by to Yisacharov during his conversations with Hamas leaders.

Part of the problem here is that we do not have any Hamas leader saying anything; we have an Israeli saying, here is what they say, but there is no way of checking. So it can't be attributted to Hamas or any Hamas leader, but to a summary of interviews. I note this report was carried on very few sites, all with a similar viewpoint. Again, how would you characterize that viewpoint, in your words, not how I might? Fred Bauder 20:17, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

Stardard format is second hand reporting, as evidenced here: "Kassim Daoud said 'Iraqi judges decided to release them because they didn't have any evidence. The judges decided on a conditional release. It will not happen today, tomorrow or the day after tomorrow,'.

I have gone beyond this standard, in this one matter, to identify the journalists and their employers. Haaretz is considered to be solidly left wing. Many consider the IBA to be so as well. I did not add that editorializing to the citation.

 * Rather misleading in this case.

In this matter I have already exceeded your request. I request a policy of equal treatment. For all points of view. Citations. Quotes. Accurate translations of materials in other languages. Lance6Wins 18:10, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

Ed Poor suggests that an article be written about Arutz Sheva. Then you could attribute in this way, "Arutz Sheva reported on September 12 that..." How does that sound? Fred Bauder 20:17, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

Zero0000 conflates the Radio Station Arutz-7 and Israel National News (INN). Arutz Sheva, the radio station, has been shutdown under court order due to licensing issues. They simply did not have one and so broadcast from a vessel at sea....hence the appelation "pirate radio". A phenomenon in Israel begun (? not sure) by Abie Natan and his Voice of Peace (which broadcast from the dock). The Voice of Peace shutdown a number of years ago. INN is up an running.

This procedure would be fine, so long as we apply it to all sources. I addressed this above citing the NYT. The citation itself contains the source. Why should we strive to preset people's ability to accept data. Let them decide for themselves without Wikipedia prejudging the matter. This appear to be a different method of using scare quotes.

The issue is this. Wikipedia should present information, not editorialize on the sources. Calls for examples of imaginary/fabricated/false/uncorrected news articles that Zero0000 claims exist have gone unanswered. From what I can see, the Zero0000 claims are baseless. Still, I stand ready, indeed invite Zero0000 to present, information to the contrary. But information, not hearsay...not on his personal authority. So many of us are anonymous here...we should back up our statements with examples. Rather simple request. Lance6Wins 21:49, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

I take that as no. Fred Bauder 23:17, Sep 22, 2004 (UTC)

The answer is clearly not a simple "no". You are not asking if I would like cream in my coffee. The question is one of how Wikipedia will handle significant points of view (the INN POV is clearly significant to the Israel articles) that do not accord well with the currently fashionable POV among the majority of Wikipedia contributors. This currently fashionable POV behavior appears to be basic human nature. Jack Straw, UK Foreign Ministers today referred to Tawhid and Jihad as terrorists. Today the life of a Briton in threatened. When Tali Hatuel was murdered, the act was deplorable, but the perpretators were not called terrorists. Same with John Howard, PM of Australia, after the most recent attack in Indonesia in front of the Australian embassy. Similar change of heart in the United States executive after 9/11.

People and human interactions are infrequently binary (yes/no).

Fair, consistent, that I what I am seeking.

Please see the very different reporting of this incident involving NYT, APF, BBC, INN, HaAretz   Lance6Wins 13:53, 23 Sep 2004 (UTC)

How can neutrality be achieved?
Talking with other contributors is a great way to find out why there is a dispute over an article's neutrality. Ideas and POV's can be shared and ultimately the disputed fact or point can be fixed if it is incorrect or, when dealing with a controversial issue, various legitimate sources can be cited in the article.

Historians commonly cite many sources in books because there is and will always be disputes over history. Contributors on Wikipedia can do the same thing, thus giving readers a broad spectrum of POVs and opinions.. copied here from WP:NPOVD by Lance6Wins 21:49, 22 Sep 2004 (UTC)

RfC
I have opened a RfC concerning Alberuni. If you feel you can comment on this, please view Requests for comment/Alberuni Jayjg 14:42, 14 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Operation Defensive Shield
Notes for you on Talk:Operation_Defensive_Shield#Jenin_false_allegations_of_massacre Lance6Wins 17:50, 27 Oct 2004 (UTC) thanks for the heads up. still needs work, please, I left some notes on the discuss page.Pedant 01:00, 2004 Oct 28 (UTC)

I like your timeline proposal, it absolutely works for me... are you ready to write it? I left a response there on the Talk:Operation Defensive Shield page. If you need help with it or just need me to nit-pick your version before posting, or anything I can do, just ask. Talk to you later...Pedant 01:02, 2004 Nov 9 (UTC)

Two-state solution
I agree it's an inappropriate redirect. Why don't you just put content into the two state page, though? You don't need to delete a redir to change it to content. Noel 13:00, 30 Oct 2004 (UTC)

PS: Wikipedia style is that people generally reply on the User_Talk: page of the person who wrote a message to them - that way, someone doesn't have to monitor a whole long list of User_Talk: pages (one for each person whom they are having a "conversation" with).

 * Hi, not having heard from you (or seen the page done), I took a first crack. Feel free to upgrade it, but I managed to get past 'stub' stage already. Noel (talk)

Yasser Arafat article
Please keep an eye on the Yasser Arafat article if you can, as a concerted POV attack was made on it last night. I've done my best to retain any good edits while restoring NPOV, but I expect the vandalism to resume soon. Jayjg 16:55, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Yasser Arafat article
Hi Harry. On the Yasser Arafat article please work with the editors trying to create and agreed to version in Talk: It's bad enough with HistoryBuffEr trying to continually revert to his own unique anti-Israel version filled with nonsense and error. Just helping control his vandalism would be enough. Jayjg 18:40, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Wikipedia:Categories_for_deletion
See these six categories up for "votes of deletion":

Categories_for_deletion and Categories_for_deletion and Categories_for_deletion and Categories_for_deletion and Categories_for_deletion and this one too: Categories_for_deletion

IZAK 10:10, 5 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Opinion for IZAK
Please see Requests for arbitration/IZAK/Evidence. Thank you. IZAK 06:58, 7 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Your case is finished
The arbitration committee has ruled on your case. You may read the ruling at Requests for arbitration/Lance6wins →Raul654 03:16, Nov 13, 2004 (UTC)

CfD: Category:Advocacy
Please vote on Category:Advocacy. HistoryBuffEr created this category as a duplicate of Category:Activism, and fabricated a negative definition associating Advocacy with propaganda -- a definition that cannot be found in any dictionary. Then, he replaced Category:Activism with his new Category:Advocacy on Hasbara and Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Advocacy groups are already categorized under Activism so HistoryBuffEr's new category is essentially a duplicate, and contains a false definition. --Viriditas 10:23, 13 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Restriction
Lance, I have no idea how you got yourself restricted from editing a certain range of articles. Too bad you didn't come to me for advice sooner. Your private e-mail asking for comments was a day late and a dollar short, I'm sorry to say.

Ironically, I am even more partisan than you. But you don't see me tangling with the committees. Even my ever-simmering dispute with William Connolley has never boiled over into legalisms. Look at my talk page. See how I handled the thing with user:Xed. Try to be Mr. Suave and Joe Good Guy. Meditate on Cooperation. --user:Ed Poor (talk) 23:58, Nov 17, 2004 (UTC)

Evading restriction
Lance, Mustafaa says you've been editing articles that the arbcom restricted you from. You better not be doing that, or some admin -- ANY admin -- may give you a "time out".

Don't get me wrong, I like your cool username, and I appreciate our private e-mail dialogue, and I'm an official "Mediator" and all that, but: you gotta listen to the committee.

Maintain a low profile until you work this out, or Nice Uncle Ed will turn into Sheriff Ed and give you a 5 minute time out. After that, longer periods I guess... --user:Ed Poor (talk) 19:35, Nov 19, 2004 (UTC)

Two state solution
Ah, sorry, I was completely unaware of all that. I don't normally edit in the Palestinian/Israeli area - don't need the stress! I only did that article because it popped up on WP:RfD, which I keep an eye on. I will make the changes you suggest (after appropriate research) when I have the time - can't promise it will be soon, though. If it's not done in a week or two, please give me a gentle poke!

Thanks for the explanation, and I'm sorry to hear about your suspension. Take it easy, try and be productive on other less-contentious topics, continue to post factual errors on talk pages, and I'm sure things will work out. Noel (talk) 15:47, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I'm not certain (I have no familiarity with this process), but I would guess that there's an implied "for now" in there - i.e. it's indefinite, but not necessarily' permanent. Try asking Ed Poor - I think he would know for sure. I'm sure he'd be happy to explain. (Ed and I seem to share a conservative viewpoint, so I do sympathize with you, and I would guess that Ed does too.) Noel (talk) 16:46, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

 * I've always liked that Churchill quote (although the version I have in my memory uses slightly different words - exact same sense, though). He was quite a guy for a phrase... (among many other things - probably the single greatest statesman of the first half of century). Noel (talk) 17:47, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)

Hi, I fixed the article to include your correction. How does it look now? If you see anything else that needs doing, mention it on the Talk: page and I'll look into it. Noel (talk) 03:54, 11 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Two state solution
Hi! Good to see you back! I am so pleased you haven't given up completely.

Thanks for you comments on the article. I'll try and work them in as I get a chance. I'll probably do the stuff about the international zones first (I had mentioned them briefly already, leaving the full details to the full-blown articles on the actual plans - I don't like to duplicate material too much), and get to the other stuff in a bit. Is that OK? (I have lots of other stuff I'm trying to get to, too!)

Also, if you have any other articles which you think are a problem, I'd be happy to try and help with them too (provided they aren't too bad edit-war hot-spots - this one's quite pleasant, actually), provided you bear with my time limits. Noel (talk) 23:00, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * I didn't quite understand the "The$1ncertaintyshould be reflected in the article rather than the current 'a two state solution will look like this'". I thought that the article did make it clear that there was a lot of uncertainty. (E.g. it explicity uses the Johnsonian 1967 "territories" formulation, rather than "the territories", precisely to indicate that there is no certainty as to how much of the West Bank a Palestinian state would get.)

 * It also mentioned that business about some people thinking that Jordan is the Arab part of the Palestinian mandate, although I suppose I could punch that up some. (Although I must say that I kind of doubt the Jordanians would want to be part of any solution, or that the Palestinians in the West Bank would want them to be - I got the impression they'd had enough of the Jordanians after the '48-'67 period. Although you're right that with the Palestinian demographics in Jordan, and Jordan's status as something of a democracy, the Palestinians in Jordan could decide to involve themselves.)

 * Could you give me some specific guidance on things you'd change to make the appropriate level of uncertainty plain? Thanks! Noel (talk) 23:57, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Also, you say that "These [international] zones were strenously rejected by the Jews and Muslims." Our 1947 UN Partition Plan article says nothing of Jewish opposition to the '47 plan. Is the article wrong? If so, can you provide references to that opposition, and I'll fix both articles. Thanks! Noel (talk) 00:06, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Well, I've punched up the level of uncertainty in the intro, and also emphasize the international control a bit more. I'm sure this isn't perfect, but I think this is the direction you were thinking of, right? Noel (talk) 00:16, 15 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Later refugees at Palestinian exodus
You started a new section at Palestinian exodus, entitled Palestinian exodus.

In that contribution, you said: ''Palestinian Christians have been suffering marked at the hands of their Arab brethern who have a saying "first the saturday people, then the sunday people"....when the saturday people are stiff-necked and resist, the sunday people made to suffer by their Arab brethern. Lance6Wins 18:39, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)''

 * .... But your references seem to prove the opposite of what you claim. According to what you've linked to, Palestinian Christians blame Israel and the US for what's happened to them - please see what I've posted Isarig at Talk:Palestinian exodus.
 * PalestineRemembered 16:25, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lance6Wins


text:
Pak Kret district

Pak Kret (ปากเกร็ด, ) is a district (amphoe) in the northeastern part of Nonthaburi province, central Thailand.

Geography

The district is in the northeast of the province. It borders (from north clockwise) the districts Lat Lum Kaeo and Mueang Pathum Thani of Pathum Thani province, Don Mueang and Lak Si of Bangkok, and Mueang Nonthaburi and Bang Bua Thong of Nonthaburi.

The district is crossed by the Chao Phraya River. A large oxbow of the river has been shortened by a canal, Khlong Lat Kret, dug in 1722 in the Ayuthaya Era, to form the island of Ko Kret.

Administration
The district is divided into 12 sub-districts (tambons). These are further subdivided into 85 villages (mubans).

Five of the tambons covering 34 villages belong to the city (thesaban nakhon) of Pak Kret. Bang Phlap itself has had township (thesaban tambon) status since 2013. The other six tambons are each administered by a Tambon Administrative Organization (TAO).

Education
A partial list of primary and secondary schools in Pak Kret:
 * 1) Pakkred Secondary School
 * 2) Nawamintarachinuthid Horwang Nonthaburi School (also called Horwangnon)
 * 3) Suan Kularb Wittayalai Nonthaburi School (also called Suannon)
 * 4) Triamudom Suksa Nomklao Nonthaburi School (also called Triam Nom Non)
 * 5) Wat Paramaiyikawat School
 * 6) Wat Sala Kun School
 * 7) Pichaya Suksa School
 * 8) International School Bangkok
 * 9) Rose Marie Academy
 * 10) Saint Francis Xavier School
 * 11) Chonprathanwittaya School

title: Pak Kret district


text:
User talk:Parkour

Welcome
Hello, welcome to Wikipedia.

You might find these links helpful in editing pages or creating new ones: How to edit a page, Tutorial, Naming conventions, Manual of Style. You should probably read our policies at some point too.

But don't feel you have to read every policy document before you do anything. Dive in, be bold in editing, and if you do anything wrong, someone will be quick to correct it and let you know (hopefully, politely!)

If you have any questions, see the help pages, add a question to the village pump or ask me on my talk page. I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian!

You may have already noticed that you can sign your name using three tildes, like this:. If you use four, you can add a datestamp too, as I've done below. This is mostly useful, and is considered good wikiquette, on talk pages. But be aware that the actual wikipedia articles should never be signed - they belong to the community, rather than the individual who created them.

I'm one of the major authors of our Parkour article, but I'm very far from an expert on the subject (having largely cobbled it together from watching one TV programme and reading a couple of websites). So I'm very glad you've added a photo to it (something I've been chasing around trying to get for ages) and I'd welcome corrections and additions you may have.

Again, welcome! -- Finlay McWalter | Talk 15:23, 26 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Parkour


text:
James Carne

Colonel James Power Carne (11 April 1906 – 19 April 1986) was a British Army officer who served in both the Second World War and the Korean War. He was also a recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces, for actions during the Battle of the Imjin River during which Carne led The Glorious Glosters in a famous stand against an overwhelming Chinese attack on Gloster Hill.

Early life
Carne was born in Falmouth, Cornwall on 11 April 1906 the son of George Newby Carne and Annie Emily Le Poar Carne (née Power). His father was a brewer and wine merchant. A career officer, he attended the Imperial Service College in Windsor and later passed out from the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Gloucestershire Regiment on 3 September 1925. He was promoted to lieutenant on 3 September 1927 and to captain on 1 October 1935. Seeing service in the Second World War, he was promoted to major on 3 September 1942. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel on 7 February 1949.

Korean War
Carne was 45 years old and a lieutenant colonel commanding the 1st Battalion, The Gloucestershire Regiment in November 1950 when the regiment was attached to the 29th Independent Infantry Brigade and deployed to Korea following the outbreak of the Korean War. Carne led his battalion as they provided the rearguard to retreating United Nations forces following their defeat at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River. He also led the Glosters in a successful counter-offensive launched by UN forces on 16 February south of the River Han.

Battle of the Imjin River and Victoria Cross
In early April, Carne and his battalion were spread over a 9-mile (14 km) front along the Imjin River guarding a ford which was part of the main route to the city of Seoul. During the night of 22 April, Chinese forces launched their Spring Offensive which was intended to annihilate the British 29th Brigade as well as the US 3rd Infantry Division, thus enabling the capture of Seoul and delivering a crushing blow to UN forces in Korea.

In what became known as the Battle of the Imjin River, Carne's Glosters and the rest of the British brigade were met by an onslaught of over 27,000 Chinese troops attacking in massed waves. Carne's leadership was instrumental in allowing the Glosters to hold their ground during the attack during which the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC:

By the morning of 24 April, Carne and the surviving Glosters gathered on Hill 235 where he received orders from 3rd Division commander General Soule that the Glosters were to hold their ground and await reinforcements. These reinforcements, however, were forced to retreat just 2,000 yards (1,800 m) short of the Glosters' position, leaving the Glosters alone in trying to hold Hill 235 against an entire Chinese division. Both sides fought fiercely throughout the night for control over the hill and by the morning of 25 April, the Glosters still held the hill but had very little ammunition, no hope of relief and no artillery support. Carne requested permission to attempt a breakout and ordered his men to split into small groups and make as best they could back to the British lines. Only 63 of his men would succeed in doing this with the rest of the battalion, including Carne, being either killed, captured or wounded. Despite the battalion's effective annihilation, the Glosters' stand earned them worldwide fame as The Glorious Glosters and enabled the rest of the British and American forces to retreat before they too were overwhelmed.

Prisoner of war

Carne fell into Chinese captivity after his 700-man battalion's astonishing resistance against an estimated 11,000 attackers was finally overcome. As the senior British officer among hundreds of prisoners kept in appalling conditions in camps in communist-held Korea, he was singled out for special treatment. While the other ranks were "re-educated" by the communist commissars at their camps, Carne was kept in solitary confinement.

According to documents held at the National Archives in Kew and not made public until 2006, when Carne was released in September 1953 he told Sir Esler Dening, the British ambassador in Tokyo, "an extraordinary story" of brainwashing. "He says that between January 1952 and August this year he was kept in solitary confinement by Chinese communists and subjected to a softening-up process including the use of drugs, [the] result of which was, as he put it, to make his brain like a sponge, capable of receiving any kind of information put into it", Sir Esler told the Foreign Office in a "top secret" category telegram.

The note, which was sent straight to Sir Winston Churchill, in his second term as prime minister, went on: "In March of this year, (i.e. about the time when the communists displayed a new interest in concluding an armistice) various thoughts were put into his mind, and he remains convinced that he was meant to retain these and pass them on to Her Majesty's Government." The thoughts comprised a peace deal not just to end the war in Korea, but to reach a settlement covering the whole Pacific region. Sir Esler opined: "The whole thing might be pure fantasy except for the fact that Colonel Carne could hardly have invented it and does not strike one as that sort of person." The Foreign Office was sceptical about the plot, but suggested that perhaps its aim was to split Britain from its American ally.

Popular culture
In 1954 it was announced that Warwick Productions wanted to make a film The Glorious Glosters starring Alan Ladd as Carne based on a script by Max Trell. However the film was never made. Carne was honoured by South Korea in 2015 when his image was featured on a South Korean stamp issued to commemorate the 65th anniversary of the start of the Korean War.

Later life
Carne settled in Gloucestershire in retirement and died in 1986. He was cremated at the Bouncer's Lane Cemetery, Cheltenham, and buried at Cranham.

Honours and awards

 * 13 July 1951 – Lieutenant-Colonel James Power Carne (33647), The Gloucestershire Regiment (missing) is awarded the Distinguished Service Order for gallant and distinguished services in Korea.
 * 27 October 1953 – Lieutenant-Colonel James Power Carne, DSO, (33647), The Gloucestershire Regiment, is awarded the Victoria Cross in recognition of gallant and distinguished service in Korea. His Victoria Cross is held by the Soldiers of Gloucestershire Museum, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.
 * 30 October 1953 – Lieutenant-Colonel James Power Carne, VC, DSO (33647), The Gloucestershire Regiment is given permission to wear the Distinguished Service Cross conferred by the President of the United States for gallant and distinguished services during operations by the United Nations in Korea.

 * 28 August 1956 Lt-Col Carne was appointed Honorary Colonel of the 5th Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment (Territorial Army).

title: James Carne


text:
List of veterinarians

Veterinarians and veterinary surgeons are medical professionals who operate exclusively on animals. This is a list of notable veterinarians, both real and fictional.

A

 * Wayne Allard (born 1943) — U.S. Senator (1997–2009)
 * Maurice Allen (born 1937) — veterinary pathologist

B

 * Chris Back (born 1950) — Australian Senator (2009–2017)
 * Bernhard Lauritz Frederik Bang (1848–1932) — Danish veterinarian who discovered Brucella abortus
 * Denis Barberet (1714–1770) — French bibliographer and author
 * Harold William Bennetts (1898–1970) — Australian known for research on livestock and the toxic effects of native Australian plants
 * Natanael Berg (1879–1957) — Swedish composer
 * Reidar Birkeland (born 1928) — professor at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science
 * Baxter Black (1945-2022) — U.S. radio commentator
 * Marie-Claude Bomsel (born 1946) — wildlife expert
 * Alfred Boquet (1879–1947) — French veterinarian, known for his work at the Pasteur Institute in Paris
 * Claude Bourgelat (1712–1779) — founder of 18th-century French veterinary school
 * Anton Johnson Brandt (1893–1951) — professor of pathological anatomy at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science
 * Chris Brown (born 1978) — known for the Australian television series Bondi Vet

C

 * Nelson R. Çabej (born 1939) — Albania evolutionary biologist and author
 * Charles J Coottes Campbell (born 1894 - 2001 British/ Commonwealth equine veterinarian
 * Louis J. Camuti (1893–1981) — first American cat veterinarian
 * Philibert Chabert (1737–1814) — French agronomist who wrote on early treatise on anthrax control
 * Craig Challen — Australian diver and caver
 * John A. Charlton (1907–1977) — Canadian politician
 * Auguste Chauveau (1827–1917) — French veterinarian, in whose honor the bacterium  Clostridium chauvoei is named
 * Matthew Clarke (born 1973) — former professional Australian rules footballer
 * Ken Coghill (born 1944) — former Australian politician
 * Robert Cook — British equine veterinarian
 * Robin Coombs (1921–2006) — British immunologist, co-discoverer of the Coombs test
 * Harry Cooper (born 1943) — Australian television personality
 * Miguel Cordero del Campillo (1925–2020) — Spanish parasitologist

D

 * Morné de la Rey (born 1970) — South African veterinarian who was the first person in Africa to clone an animal, as well as first person to do successful IVF in Cape Buffalo in the world.
 * Darlene Dixon — American veterinarian and toxicologic pathologist
 * Sydney Dodd (1874–1926) — British veterinary surgeon who was the first lecturer in veterinary bacteriology at the University of Sydney
 * Peter C. Doherty (born 1940) — Australian veterinary surgeon and researcher joint recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
 * Mick Doyle (1941–2004) — Irish rugby player
 * Petrus Johann du Toit (1888–1967) — South African veterinarian
 * John Boyd Dunlop (1840–1921) — Scottish inventor of the tyre

E

 * Henrik Edland (1905–1984) — professor of anatomy at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science
 * John Ensign (born 1958) — U.S. Senator (2001–2011)

F

 * Martin J. Fettman (born 1956) — U.S. astronaut and veterinary pathologist
 * Kevin Fitzgerald (born 1951) — American television documentary veterinarian
 * Bruce Fogle (born 1944) — Canadian veterinarian
 * Birger Furugård (1887–1961) — Swedish politician

G

 * Doug Galt — former Canadian politician
 * Pierre-Victor Galtier (1846–1908) — French veterinarian, notable for his research into rabies.
 * Hugh Gordon (1909–2002) — Australian parasitologist
 * John Russell Greig (1889–1963) — Scottish veterinarian, notable for his research into milk fever.
 * Camille Guérin (1872–1961) — developed a vaccine for tuberculosis

H

 * James Hallen (1829–1901) — British veterinarian who served as General Superintendent of Horse Breeding in India
 * Greg J. Harrison — avian veterinarian
 * Susanne Hart (1927– 2010) — South African environmentalist
 * Antonie Marinus Harthoorn (1923–2012) — conservationist who worked in Africa
 * Herbert Haupt (born 1947) — Austrian politician
 * James Herriot (1916–1995) — pen name of James Alfred Wight, author of books about animals
 * Vanessa M. Hirsch — Canadian-American veterinary pathologist and virologist
 * Thomas William Hogarth (1901–1999) — Scottish-Australian veterinarian, writer on dogs
 * John Holt (1931–2013) — Australian veterinarian and sports shooter
 * William Hunting (1846–1913) — founder of The Veterinary Record

J

 * Dawda Jawara (1924–2019) — first president of Gambia
 * Joan O. Joshua (1912–1993)

L

 * Amy K. LeBlanc — U.S. veterinary oncologist
 * Richard M. Linnehan (born 1957) — U.S. astronaut
 * Buster Lloyd-Jones (1914–1980) — British veterinary surgeon

M

 * Svend Lomholt (1888–1949) — Danish veterinarian
 * Zoltán Magyar (born 1953) — Hungarian gymnast; gold medalist in men's pommel horse at the 1976 and 1980 Summer Olympics
 * Miguel Ángel J. Márquez Ruiz – Mexican veterinarian
 * Tracey McNamara - veterinary pathologist at the Bronx Zoo who played a pivotal role in identifying the first outbreak of West Nile Virus in the United States
 * Keith Meldrum (born 1937) — Chief Veterinary Officer of the United Kingdom (1988–1997)
 * Veranus Alva Moore (1859–1931) — Dean of Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine (1908–1929)
 * Suzanne Morrow (1930–2006) — Canadian figure skater who took the Official's Oath at the 1988 Winter Olympics

N

 * Denis Napthine (born 1952) — Australian politician
 * Rich Nye (born 1944) — American professional baseball pitcher turned exotic animal/avian veterinarian

O

 * Peter Ostrum (born 1957) — child actor who was Charlie Bucket in the 1971 motion picture Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory

P

 * Frederick Douglass Patterson (1901–1988) — recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1987, the highest civilian honor in the U.S.
 * Sonny Perdue (born 1946) — U.S. politician, former Governor of Georgia
 * Brian Perry (born 1946) — epidemiologist
 * Walter Plowright (1923–2010) — English veterinary scientist who worked to eradicate rinderpest

R

 * Nicky Rackard (1922–1976) — Irish hurler
 * Carl Gottlob Rafn (1769–1808) — Danish multi-disciplinary scientist
 * Robert L. Rooks — American veterinarian
 * John Gunion Rutherford (1857–1923) — Canadian politician

S

 * Suzanne Saueressig (1924–2013) — first practicing female veterinarian in Missouri
 * Elmo Shropshire (born 1936) — best known as the singer of the novelty Christmas song "Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer"
 * Erzsébet Simonyi (1915–1993) — first woman to earn a veterinary degree in Hungary and founder of the Veterinary Vaccine Control Institute.
 * Brian Sinclair (1915–1988) — best known for his association with James Alfred Wight who fictionalized him as Tristan Farnon
 * Donald Sinclair (1911-1995) - best known as partner to James Alfred Wight who fictionalized him as Sigfried Farnon
 * Danielle Spencer (born 1965) — actor
 * Harry Spira — Australian pioneer in dog breeding technologies
 * Leonid Stadnyk (1970–2014) — Ukrainian veterinarian renowned for his height
 * Harry Steele-Bodger (1896–1952) — British veterinarian
 * Michael G. Strain (1959–) — American veterinarian who is the incumbent Louisiana Agriculture and Forestry Commissioner

T

 * Arnold Theiler (1867–1936) — described the horse disease which became known as Theiler's disease
 * James Thomson (born 1958) — American developmental biologist who derived the first human embryonic stem cell line in 1998
 * Simon Fraser Tolmie (1867–1937) — Canadian politician
 * Debbye Turner (born 1965) — Miss America 1990, resident veterinarian for CBS' The Early Show

V

 * Erik Viborg (1759–1822) — Danish veterinarian and botanist

W

 * Hugh Wirth (1939–2018) — Australian animal welfare advocate with RSPCA Australia, radio broadcaster

Y

 * Sophia Yin (1966–2014) — American animal behaviorist and pioneer of positive reinforcement training for pets.

Z

 * Robert Zammit — Australian television veterinarian

Fictional veterinarians

 * From the British soap opera Emmerdale:
 * Rhona Goskirk
 * Max King
 * Paddy Kirk
 * Hari Prasad
 * Zoe Tate
 * From the Australian soap opera Neighbours:
 * Steve Parker
 * Gemma Ramsay
 * From the children's books series The Story of Doctor Dolittle: Doctor Dolittle
 * From the US television series The Walking Dead: Hershel Greene
 * From the South Korean drama series Hey Ghost, Let's Fight: Joo Hye-sung
 * From the South Korean drama series The King's Doctor: Baek Kwang-hyun
 * From the Japanese drama series Is There a Vet in the House?: Kentarō Shiba
 * From the Japanese manga Kisei Jūi Suzune: Suzune Arizono
 * From the Japanese manga Wild Life: Tesshō Iwashiro

title: List of veterinarians