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Imperial Household Agency

The Imperial Household Agency (宮内庁) (IHA) is an agency of the government of Japan in charge of state matters concerning the Imperial Family, and the keeping of the Privy Seal and State Seal of Japan. From around the 8th century AD until the Second World War, it was known as the Imperial Household Ministry (宮内省).

The Agency is unique among conventional government agencies and ministries in that it does not directly report to the Prime Minister at the cabinet level, nor is it affected by legislation that establishes it as an Independent Administrative Institution.

Organization and functions
The Imperial Household Agency is headed by its Director-General, assisted by the Deputy Director, appointed by the Cabinet. Its main organizational positions are:

 * the Grand Steward's Secretariat
 * the Board of Chamberlains
 * the Crown Prince's Household
 * the Board of Ceremonies
 * the Archives and Mausolea Department
 * the Maintenance and Works Department
 * the Kyoto Office

The current Director-General is Yasuhiko Nishimura.

The Agency's headquarters is located in the grounds of the Tokyo Imperial Palace. The Agency's duties and responsibilities encompass the daily activities of the Imperial household, such as state visits, organised events, preservation of traditional culture and administrative functions, amongst other responsibilities. The Agency is responsible for the various Imperial residences located throughout Japan, and organises guided tours for visitors to the Tokyo Imperial Palace, the Kyoto Imperial Palace, the Katsura Detached Palace, and other residences and locations falling under its remit.

The Agency is responsible for the health, security and travel arrangements of the Imperial family, including maintaining the Imperial line. The Board of the Chamberlains, headed by the Grand Chamberlain, manages the daily life of the Emperor and the Empress, and is responsible for keeping the Privy Seal and State Seal of Japan. The Grand Master of the Board of the Crown Prince's Household helps manage the schedules, dining menus, and household maintenance of the Crown Prince and his family.

History
The Imperial Household Agency traces its origins back to institutions established by the Taihō Code (or more formally, "The Ritsuryō Code of the Taihō period" (大宝律令)) promulgated in 701–702 AD. The Ritsuryō system established the namesake Ministry of the Imperial Household (宮内省), a precursor to the present agency; the former code also gave rise to the Ministry of Ceremonial (式部省), which has its legacy in the Board of Ceremonies (式部職) under the current agency, and the Ministry of Civil Administration (治部省) which oversaw the Bureau of Music (雅楽寮) that would now correspond to the Agency's Music Department (楽部). The basic structures remained in place until the Meiji Restoration (1868).

Meiji period
The early Meiji government officially installed the Imperial Household Ministry (宮内省) on 15 August 1869. Though the names are occasionally differentiated in English as the "Imperial Household Agency", versus the former, Meiji period "Ministry of the Imperial Household", both names are rendered with no differentiation in Japanese. However, there is a convoluted history of reorganization around how the government bodies that correspond to constituent subdivisions of the current Agency were formed or empowered during this period.

The Department of Shinto Affairs (神祇官) and later the Ministry of Divinities (神祇省) (1871–1872) were briefly established, having been placed in charge of, for example, the under the Office of Imperial Mausolea (諸陵寮), one of the tasks designated to the Agency today.

Meanwhile, the Meiji government created the Board of Ceremonies (式部局) in 1871, which was soon renamed Bureau of Ceremonies (式部寮) in 1872. Also in 1872, the Ministry of Divinities was abolished, with the bulk of duties moved to the Ministry of Religion (教部省) and the administration of formal ceremonial functions transferred to the aforementioned Board/Bureau of the Ceremonies.

The Bureau of the Ceremonies was initially placed under the care of the Great Council of State (太政官), but was later transferred to the control of the Imperial Household Ministry in September 1877. The Bureau underwent yet another name change to Board of Ceremonies (式部職) in October 1884. Since then, the name has remained unchanged and is, today, headed by the Master of Ceremonies.

An Imperial Order in 1908 confirmed that the Imperial Household Minister, as the chief official was then called, held responsible for assisting the Emperor in all matters concerning the Imperial House. The ministry also oversaw the official appointments of Imperial Household Artists and commissioned their work.

Imperial Household Office, 1947–1949
The Imperial Household Office (宮内府), a downgraded version of the ministry, was created pursuant to Imperial Household Office Law (宮内府法) Law No. 70 of 1947 during the American Occupation of Japan. Its number of staff was downscaled from 6,200 to less than 1,500, and the Office was placed under the Prime Minister of Japan.

Imperial Household Agency, 1949–present
In 1949, Imperial Household Office was renamed to the Imperial Household Agency, and placed under the fold of the newly created Prime Minister's Office (総理府), as an external agency attached to it. In 2001, the Imperial Household Agency was organizationally re-positioned under the Cabinet Office (内閣府).

Criticism
The Agency has been criticized for isolating members of the Imperial Family from the Japanese public, and for insisting on stiffly preserved customs, rather than permitting a more approachable, populist monarchy.

In May 2004, Crown Prince Naruhito criticised the then-Grand Steward of the Imperial Household, Toshio Yuasa, for putting pressure on Crown Princess Masako, Naruhito's wife, to bear a male child. At a press conference, Naruhito stated that his wife had "completely exhausted herself" trying to adapt to the Imperial family's life, and added "there were developments that denied Masako's career (up to our marriage) as well as her personality." It has officially been stated that Masako is suffering from an "adjustment disorder", but there has been extensive speculation in the press that she is suffering from clinical depression as a result of her treatment by Imperial Household officials.

Increasingly in recent years, the Agency's prevention of archaeological research regarding a large number (more than 740) of Kofun Period tombs claimed to be and designated as "Imperial" has come under criticism from academics. The tombs, located in the Kansai region of western Japan, are considered by many academics as potentially holding important historical information on the origins of Japanese civilization; however, the possibility that these potential finds could verify or further solidify theories of formative civilizational ties with contemporary civilizations in China and the Korean Peninsula, with these civilizations potentially having as much influence on the origins of the Imperial Household itself, is generally considered to be a considerable contributing factor to the ongoing prevention of archaeological research at these sites by the Imperial Household Agency, with a large number of the tombs considered by some to be imperial only in name.

Grand Stewards
The Imperial Household Agency is headed by the Grand Steward (, Article 8-1), whose appointment or dismissal is subject to the Emperor's approval (Article 8-2).

The Grand Steward is vested with comprehensive control over administrative activities within the Agency, and supervisory authority over the service performance of the staff (8–3). He is empowered to interact with the Prime Minister on matters pertaining to the Agency's authorized duties, either requesting the issuance of Cabinet Office ordinances (8–3), or notifying him on pertinent matters (8–4). He has the authorization to hand down orders or directives to staff members of government organs under the agency's direct control (8–6), and may request the Commissioner General of the National Police Agency to take appropriate measures regarding administrative duties that involve the civilian Imperial Guard (皇宮警察).

The Grand Stewardship is a post customarily filled by former (≒permanent secretaries) at one of several internal affairs (home affairs) type ministries and agencies, or someone with a closely approximating  (e.g., Superintendent General of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department), after having served as Vice-Grand Steward.

title: Imperial Household Agency


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Category:Argonauts

Articles relating to the Argonauts, a band of heroes in Greek mythology, who accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece. Their name comes from their ship, Argo.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Argonauts


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Hideyuki Tanaka

Hideyuki Tanaka (田中 秀幸) is a Japanese actor, voice actor and narrator from Tokyo who is attached to Aoni Production. He is a graduate of the Toho Gakuen School of Music. He is most known for his roles in One Piece (as Donquixote Doflamingo), Dokaben (as Tarou Yamada), Kinnikuman (as Terryman), Captain Tsubasa (as Roberto Hongo), Detective Conan (as Yūsaku Kudō), Transformers: Victory (as Star Saber), Touch (as Eijirō Kashiwaba), Saint Seiya (as Leo Aiolia, the narrator, and the first voice of Wolf Nachi) and narration, Metal Gear (as Hal Emmerich), F-Zero: GP Legend (as Captain Falcon), Slam Dunk (as Kiminobu Kogure) and the current voice actor of Zoffy in the Ultra Series.

Television animation

 * 1970s
 * Dokaben (1976) (Tarō Yamada)
 * Future Boy Conan (1978) (Luke, Cheet)
 * Wakakusa no Charlotte (1978) (Perkins)
 * Mobile Suit Gundam (1979) (Woody Malden)
 * 1980s
 * Ganbare Genki (1980) (Shuichi Okamura)
 * Tsurikichi Sanpei (1980) (Kenichi)
 * Urusei Yatsura (1981) (Kakashi no Sanshirō)
 * Dr. Slump (1981) (Toriyama (Human), Scoop)
 * Armored Fleet Dairugger XV (1982) (Shinji Ise)
 * Kinnikuman (1983) (Terryman, Springman, Planetman, Cubeman, Watchman, Samson Teacher, etc.)
 * Touch (1986) (Eijirō Kashiwaba)
 * Ginga Nagareboshi Gin (1986) (Ben)
 * Maison Ikkoku (1986) (Shoichirou Otonashi)
 * Saint Seiya (1986) (Narrator, Wolf Nachi, and Leo Aiolia)
 * Kiteretsu Daihyakka (1987) (Eitarō Kite)
 * City Hunter (1987) (Hideyuki Makimura)
 * Fist of the North Star 2 (1987) (Falco and Temujina)
 * Moeru! Oniisan (1988) (Narration, Yoshimune)
 * Ranma ½ (1989) (Torajirou Higuma)
 * Transformers: Victory (1989) (Star Saber)
 * 1990s
 * Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai (1991) (Avan, Killvearn)
 * Aoki Densetsu Shoot! (1993) (Osamu Hiramatsu)
 * Slam Dunk (1993–96) (Kiminobu Kogure, Narration)
 * Marmalade Boy (1994) (Jin Koishikawa)
 * Magic Knight Rayearth (1994) (Rayearth)
 * Detective Conan (1997) (Yūsaku Kudō)
 * Cardcaptor Sakura (1998) (Fujitaka Kinomoto)
 * Nightwalker (1998) (Cain)
 * 2000s
 * Hellsing (2001) (Enrico Maxwell)
 * Kinnikuman Nisei (2002) (Terryman, Chloe)
 * F-Zero Falcon Densetsu (2003) (Captain Falcon/Bart Lemming)
 * One Piece (2003) (Donquixote Doflamingo)
 * Akagi (2005) (Ichikawa)
 * Monster (2005) (Wolfgang Grimmer)
 * Welcome to the N.H.K. (2006) (Misaki's Uncle)
 * Angel Heart (2006) (Hideyuki Makimura)
 * NANA (2006) (Takashi Asano)
 * 2010s
 * Croisée in a Foreign Labyrinth (2011) (Oscar Claudel)
 * Shirokuma Cafe (2012) (Higuma)
 * World Trigger (2014) (Replica, Yūgo Kuga, Narration)
 * Onihei (2017) (Samanosuke Kishii)
 * Sazae-san (2019–present) (Masuo Fuguta)
 * 2020s
 * Dragon Goes House-Hunting (2021) (Manticore)
 * Shaman King (2021) (Matamune)
 * Bleach: Thousand-Year Blood War (2022) (BG9)
 * Tonari no Yōkai-san (2024) (Kazuhiko Nishiya)

Unknown date
 * Beet the Vandel Buster (Narrator)
 * Black Jack (Akira)
 * Bleach (Shawlong Qufang)
 * Captain Tsubasa (Roberto Hongo)
 * Crest of the Stars (Rock Lynn)
 * Dragon Quest: Dai's Great Adventure (Avan, Narration)
 * My Daddy Long Legs (Jervis Pendleton)
 * Dancougar - Super Beast Machine God (Alan Igor)
 * Demashita! Powerpuff Girls Z (The Mayor)
 * Digimon: X Evolution (Omegamon)
 * Digimon Xros Wars (Apollomon)
 * Doraemon (Suneo's Father [3rd voice])
 * Gaiking Legend of Daiku-Maryu (Sakon)
 * Get Backers (Sarai Kagenuma)
 * Ginga Nagareboshi Gin (Ben)
 * High School! Kimengumi (Sakugo Jidai)
 * Lady Lady!! (George Russell)
 * Maison Ikkoku (Souichirou Otonashi)
 * Maple Town Stories (Papa)
 * Mawaru Penguindrum as (Uncle Ikebe)
 * Nils no Fushigi na Tabi (Gunnar)
 * Ninja Scroll: The Series (Mufu)
 * Nono-chan (Takashi Yamada)
 * Saint Seiya: Soul of Gold (Leo Aiolia, Narrator)
 * Sengoku Majin GoShogun (Kiri Gangrey)
 * Space Battleship Yamato III (Ryuusuke Damon)
 * Space Runaway Ideon (Bes Jordan)
 * Super Robot Wars Original Generation: Divine Wars (Gilliam Yeager)
 * Tantei Gakuen Q (Dan Morihiko)

Original Net Animation (ONA)

 * Ultraman (2019) (Shin Hayata)
 * Pluto (2023) (Brau 1589)

Original Video animation (OVA)

 * Prefectural Earth Defense Force (1986) (Toshiyuki Roberi)
 * Legend of the Galactic Heroes (1988) (Jean Robert Lap)
 * Blood Reign: Curse of the Yoma (1989) (Kazami)
 * Riding Bean (1989) (Bean Bandit)
 * Guyver (1989) (Agito Makishima)
 * Record of Lodoss War (1990) (Slayn)
 * Transformers: Zone (1990) (Star Saber/Victory Saber)
 * RG Veda (1991) (Ashura-Ou)
 * Ys II (1992) (Keath)
 * Ai no Kusabi (1992-1994) (Katze)
 * Rayearth (1997) (Lexus, Narrator)
 * Golden Kamuy (2019) (Tatsuya Nakazawa)
 * Onna no Sono no Hoshi (2022) (Narrator)

Unknown date
 * Angelique (Clavis)
 * Carol: A Day in a Girl's Life (Rymon Douglas)
 * The Deep Blue Fleet(Issei Maebara)
 * Kamen Rider SD (Kamen Rider 1)
 * Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory (Green Wyatt)
 * Shin Hokuto no Ken (Toki)
 * Super Robot Wars Original Generation: The Animation (Gilliam Yeager)

Film animation

 * Baldios (1981) (Jack Oliver)
 * Kinnikuman Series (1984-1986) (Terryman)
 * They Were 11 (1986) (King Mayan Baceska)
 * Saint Seiya: Evil Goddess Eris (1987) (Narration)
 * Five Star Stories (1989) (Balanche)
 * Big Wars (1993) (Captain Akuh)
 * Slam Dunk Series (1994–1995) (Kogure Kiminobu)
 * X (1996) (Seiichirou Aoki)
 * Vampire Hunter D: Bloodlust (2000) (D)
 * One Piece: Nejimaki Shima no Bouken (2001) (Pin Joker)
 * Detective Conan - The Phantom of Baker Street (2002) (Yūsaku Kudō, Sherlock Holmes)
 * Paprika (2006) (Chairman)
 * Love Me, Love Me Not (2020)
 * City Hunter the Movie: Angel Dust (2023) (Hideyuki Makimura)

Video games

 * ''Forgotten Worlds (1992 PC Engine conversion of the original arcade) (Blue Soldier)
 * Metal Gear Solid (1998) (Otacon)
 * Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (2001) (Otacon)
 * Mr. Driller G (2001) (Dr. Manhole, Holinger-Z)
 * Shaman King (2003) (Matamune)
 * Tales of Symphonia (2003) (Mithos Yggdrasill)
 * JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Phantom Blood (2006) (Jonathan Joestar)
 * Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots (2008) (Otacon, Jonathan)
 * Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker (2010) (Dr. "Huey" Emmerich)
 * Dynasty Warriors 8 (2013) (Han Dang)
 * Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes (2014) (Dr. "Huey" Emmerich)
 * Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain (2015) (Dr. "Huey" Emmerich)
 * World of Final Fantasy (2016) (Knight in the Golden Mask, Rorrik)

Unknown date
 * Ace Combat 5: The Unsung War (Vincent Harling)
 * Ace Combat Zero: The Belkan War (Reiner Altman)
 * Angelique (Clavis)
 * Ar tonelico III (Raphael)
 * Kinnikuman Generations Series (Terryman/2nd Kinnikuman Great)
 * Kinnikuman Muscle Grand Prix Max (Terryman, Springman, Planetman)
 * Otome wa Boku ni Koishiteru (Yoshiyuki Kaburagi)
 * Policenauts (Jonathan Ingram)
 * Shadow Hearts (Jinpachiro Hyuga)
 * Space Battleship Yamato Series (Daisuke Shima)
 * Super Robot Wars series (Alan Igor, Gilliam Yeager, Jack Oliver)
 * Xenosaga series (Jin Uzuki)

Live action

 * The Red Spectacles (1987) (Sōichirō Toribe)

Tokusatsu

 * ULTRAMAN (2004) (Ultraman The Next)
 * Ultraman Mebius (2006) (Zoffy)
 * Ultraman Mebius & Ultraman Brothers (2006) (Zoffy)
 * Mega Monster Battle: Ultra Galaxy (2009) (Zoffy)
 * Ultraman Zero: The Revenge of Belial (2010) (Zoffy)
 * Ultraman Zero Side Story: Killer the Beatstar (2011) (Zoffy)
 * Ultraman Retsuden/Shin Ultraman Retsuden (2012) (Zoffy (35, 39, 86-90/1))
 * Ultra Fight Orb (2017) (Zoffy)
 * Ultraman Geed the Movie (2018)
 * X-Bomber (xxxx) (Officer A)

Drama CDs

 * Chouai (????) (Seiichi Hagiawa)
 * Hello!! Doctor (????) (Ryuuji Makimura)
 * Katsuai series 1 (????) (Akito Morishima)
 * Katsuai series 2: Bakuren (????) (Akito Morishima)
 * Mirage of Blaze series 3: Konoyoruni Tsubasa wo (????) (Ujiteru Hōjō)
 * Mirage of Blaze series 4: Washi yo, Tarega Tameni Tobu (????) (Ujiteru Hōjō)

Live-action

 * Pierce Brosnan
 * The Lawnmower Man, Dr. Lawrence Angelo
 * GoldenEye (1999 TV Asahi edition), James Bond
 * Dante's Peak (2003 TV Asahi edition), Dr. Harry Dalton
 * Tomorrow Never Dies (2002 TV Asahi edition), James Bond
 * The Thomas Crown Affair (2003 Fuji TV edition), Thomas Crown
 * The World Is Not Enough (2003 TV Asahi edition), James Bond
 * Die Another Day (2006 TV Asahi edition), James Bond
 * After the Sunset (2009 TV Tokyo edition), Max Burdett
 * Mamma Mia!, Sam Carmichael
 * Some Kind of Beautiful, Richard Haig
 * The November Man, Peter Devereaux
 * No Escape, Hammond
 * Survivor, Nash "The Watchmaker"
 * I.T., Mike Regan
 * The Foreigner, Liam Hennessy
 * Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again, Sam Carmichael
 * Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga, Erick Ericksson
 * Black Adam, Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate
 * The Out-Laws, Billy McDermott
 * Michael Biehn
 * The Terminator (1987 TV Asahi edition), Kyle Reese
 * Aliens (1989 and 1993 TV Asahi editions), Dwayne Hicks
 * Navy SEALs (1993 TV Asahi edition), James Curran
 * Asteroid (1997 TV Asahi edition), Jack Wallach
 * Dragon Squad, Petros Angelo
 * Kevin Spacey
 * Seven (2001 TV Asahi edition), John Doe
 * The Usual Suspects (1998 TV Tokyo edition), Roger "Verbal" Kint
 * L.A. Confidential, Det. Sgt. Jack Vincennes
 * 21, Professor Micky Rosa
 * All the Right Moves, Brian (Chris Penn)
 * American Graffiti (1984 TBS edition), Steve Bolander (Ron Howard)
 * Army of Darkness, Ash Williams (Bruce Campbell)
 * Avengers: Endgame, Alexander Pierce (Robert Redford)
 * Bullets Over Broadway, David Shayne (John Cusack)
 * The Burning (1985 Fuji TV edition), Todd (Brian Matthews)
 * Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Alexander Pierce (Robert Redford)
 * Chariots of Fire (1985 TBS edition), Eric Liddell (Ian Charleson)
 * Charlie St. Cloud, Florio Ferrente (Ray Liotta)
 * CHiPs, John Baker (Larry Wilcox)
 * Dom Hemingway, Dickie (Richard E. Grant)
 * Florence and the Uffizi Gallery, Lorenzo il Magnifico (Simon Merrells)
 * Get Smart (2011 TV Asahi edition), Krstic (David S. Lee)
 * The Glenn Miller Story (2000 TV Tokyo edition), Glenn Miller (James Stewart)
 * Green Card, Georges Fauré (Gérard Depardieu)
 * The Jackal, Declan Joseph Mulqueen (Richard Gere)
 * Joe Versus the Volcano, Joe Banks (Tom Hanks)
 * Licence to Kill (VHS edition), James Bond (Timothy Dalton)
 * The Man in the Iron Mask, Aramis (Jeremy Irons)
 * NCIS, Leroy Jethro Gibbs (Mark Harmon)
 * Nicky Larson and Cupid's Perfume, Tony Marconi (Raphaël Personnaz)
 * Philadelphia, Andrew Beckett (Tom Hanks)
 * The Quick and the Dead (1997 TV Asahi edition), Cort (Russell Crowe)
 * Resident Evil: Apocalypse, Major Timothy Cain (Thomas Kretschmann)
 * Schindler's List, Amon Goeth (Ralph Fiennes)
 * Tequila Sunrise, Lt. Nick Frescia (Kurt Russell)
 * Thirteen Days (2003 TV Asahi edition), Robert McNamara (Dylan Baker)
 * To Kill a Mockingbird (50th Anniversary edition), Atticus Finch (Gregory Peck)
 * Unfinished Business, Dan Trunkman (Vince Vaughn)
 * West Side Story (1990 TBS edition), Ice (Tucker Smith)

Animation

 * The Beatles (George Harrison)
 * Police Academy: The Animated Series (Capt. Thaddeus Harris)

title: Hideyuki Tanaka


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Ungava

Ungava may refer to:
 * The Ungava Peninsula, located in northern Quebec
 * Ungava (electoral district), the largest and most northern provincial electoral district of Quebec
 * Ungava Bay, on the northern coast of Quebec — on Hudson Strait
 * District of Ungava, a former district of the Canadian Northwest Territories, now divided into parts of Quebec and Labrador
 * Ungava: a Tale of Esquimaux Land, 1857 novel by R. M. Ballantyne

title: Ungava


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Leopold Jessner

Leopold Jessner (3 March 1878 – 13 December 1945) was a noted producer and director of German Expressionist theater and cinema. His first film, Hintertreppe (1921), is considered a major turning point which paved the way for the later German Expressionist experiments of German filmmakers F.W. Murnau, Fritz Lang, and G.W. Pabst.

A native of Königsberg, Jessner was a touring actor in his youth and turned to directing in 1911. He was director of the Berlin State Theater from 1919 to 1925 and was known for bare stages in which flights of steps served as different spaces for scenes and directing actors to act in an oversimplified, unnatural manner.

Hintertreppe (German for Backstairs), Jessner's first film (co-directed with Paul Leni), exemplified Jessner's use of heavily stylized staircases. These staircases would become regular fixtures in later German films, nicknamed "Jessnertreppe" in Jessner's honor, and would be used to full effect in the 1926 German Expressionist film Faust, directed by F.W. Murnau.

As a Jew and a Socialist, he was forced to emigrate to the United States in 1933, after Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany. He worked in film anonymously in Los Angeles until his death.

Filmography

 * Hintertreppe (1921; directed with Paul Leni)
 * Earth Spirit (1923)
 * Mary Stuart (1927; directed with Friedrich Feher)
 * Children of the Fog (1935)

title: Leopold Jessner


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Collier's Encyclopedia

Collier's Encyclopedia is a discontinued general encyclopedia first published in 1949 by P. F. Collier and Son in the United States. With Encyclopedia Americana and Encyclopædia Britannica, Collier's Encyclopedia became one of the three major English-language general encyclopedias. The three were sometimes collectively called "the ABCs". In 1998, Microsoft acquired the right to use Collier's Encyclopedia content from Atlas Editions, which had by then absorbed Collier Newfield. Microsoft incorporated Collier's Encyclopedia 's content into its Encarta digital multimedia encyclopedia, which it marketed until 2009.

Collier's Encyclopedia was an entirely new, 20 volume work, with the first volumes available in 1949 and all volumes published by 1951. It had more than 2,000 contributors, included 10,000 black and white illustrations, 96 pages of four-color illustrations, 126 colored maps and 100 black and white line maps. There were more than 400,000 index entries. Collier's Encyclopedia was printed with paper stock of top quality. The end sheets portrayed the development of civilization, and the cover stamping was 22-carat gold, with red panels on black. In 1962, Collier's Encyclopedia was expanded to 24 volumes.

Collier's Encyclopedia, updated annually, was especially strong in its coverage of the arts and humanities, social sciences, geography and botany. Most articles in Collier's were signed, many by world-renowned scholars. William Terry Couch, Editor-in-Chief during the 1950s, sought to present multiple and varying perspectives on all controversial issues addressed in Collier's Encyclopedia and in its annual Year Book. Couch's editorial staff included David Crawford, managing editor; Louis Shores, library consultant and advisory editor; Robert H. Blackburn, consultant for Canada; and Joseph T. Gleason, Jr., consultant for schools.

History and predecessors
Under the leadership of P.F. Collier and Son's President, John G. Ryan, sales of Collier's Encyclopedia increased substantially during the 1950s, rising from 46,374 sets in 1953 to 110,688 sets in 1957.

The vast majority of sales of Collier's Encyclopedia were by a door-to-door sales force, and part of a combination sale that included other P.F. Collier and Son publications such as the 50-volume Harvard Classics, The Junior Classics, dictionaries, and atlases. However, Collier's Encyclopedia's also enjoyed strong sales to schools and libraries.

Since its 1875 founding, P.F. Collier and Son gave customers the option to pay for books over time. In-home encyclopedia purchasers typically paid for the books in small monthly payments over three years. In an era of heavy smoking, in the 1950s and 1960s, the cost of Collier's Encyclopedia was equivalent to the cost of a pack a cigarettes a day. In 1962, the new 24-volume Collier's Encyclopedia was priced at $299.50, payable over 3 years, or at a daily cost of 27 cents. The average cost of a pack of cigarettes that year was also 27 cents. This was an affordable price for middle and low income families.

For many families, owning a set of Collier's Encyclopedia became a status symbol. P.F. Collier and Son had credit qualification standards for purchasers. In the 1950s, one of the qualifiers to determine if a family could afford the books was the presence of a telephone in the household. A company branch manager was required to phone the household to verify the details of each in-home sales order.

Collier's Encyclopedia proved highly profitable for P.F. Collier and Son. In 1956, John G. Ryan reported a net profit of 20% of on $25 million in sales revenue. supplying the revenue that kept P.F. Collier and Son's parent company, the Crowell-Collier Publishing Company, solvent as it suffered huge losses from its failing magazine business. P.F. Collier and Son's profits from sales of Collier's Encyclopedia also funded Crowell Collier's expansion into radio stations and its 1960 purchase/merger with the Macmillan publishing company. With his company's profits soaring, Ryan directed Collier's Encyclopedia Editor-in-Chief William Terry Couch and P.F. Collier publications director Everett Fontaine to compile an expanded revision of Collier's Encyclopedia by 1962.

The 24-volume 1962 edition of Collier's Encyclopedia had an imposing list of contributors, embracing authorities from universities, professional societies, government, and industry. The articles were arranged to provide first, a simple explanation and basic facts, and then followed with more detailed Information. The 1962 edition contained 6,000 new illustrations, many in color, and 1,450 maps, 150 in color. One of Collier's Encyclopedia's strong features was its bibliography, which provided additional sources for further reading.

Although work on the 1962 edition of Collier's Encyclopedia was authorized by P.F. Collier and Son President John Ryan, and initiated by his editorial staff, the completed 1962 work was published by the parent company, Crowell Collier, which had merged with its P.F. Collier and Son subsidiary in December 1960, and assumed its former subsidiary's publishing and sales financing activities.

In 1993, a French publisher, Atlas Editions, a subsidiary of the Italian publishing giant De Agostini, acquired Collier's Encyclopedia from Macmillan Inc., the corporate name Crowell Collier assumed subsequent to its purchase/merger with Macmillan. Atlas Editions formed a sister company, Collier Newfield, to market Collier's Encyclopedia. In 1997, Collier Newfield developed Collier's Encyclopedia 1998, a three-disk CD-ROM multimedia version featuring 17 million words and over 18,000 photos and illustrations, 6 hours of audio, 85 minutes of audio, a dictionary, and maps.

The 1997 24-volume Collier's Encyclopedia was to be the last print edition. The 1997 print edition extended to 19,900 pages. Bibliographies were found in the last volume, which also contained a 450,000 entry essential index.

In 1998, Microsoft acquired the right to use Collier's Encyclopedia content from Atlas Editions, which had by then absorbed Collier Newfield. Microsoft incorporated Collier's Encyclopedia's content into its Encarta digital multimedia encyclopedia, which it marketed until 2009. Atlas Editions has retained the right to publish Collier's Encyclopedia in book form, a right that it has never exercised.

Kister's comparison
A well-known analysis of major encyclopedias is that of Kenneth Kister, who gave a qualitative and quantitative comparison of Collier's Encyclopedia with the Encyclopædia Britannica and the Encyclopedia Americana in 1994. For the quantitative analysis, ten articles were selected at random (circumcision, Charles Drew, Galileo, Philip Glass, heart disease, IQ, panda bear, sexual harassment, Shroud of Turin and Uzbekistan) and letter grades (A–D, F) were awarded in four categories: coverage, accuracy, clarity, and recency. In all four categories and for all three encyclopedias, the four average grades fell between B− and B+, chiefly because not one encyclopedia had an article on sexual harassment in 1994. In the accuracy category, Collier's received one D and seven As. Encyclopedia Americana received eight As, and the Britannica received one D and eight As; thus, Collier's received an average score of 92% for accuracy to Americana 's 95% and Britannica 's 92%. In the timeliness category, Collier's averaged an 85% to Americana 's 90% and Britannica 's 86%. After a more thorough qualitative comparison of all three encyclopedias, Kister recommended Collier's as the best of the three big encyclopedias, primarily on the strength of its writing, presentation and navigation.

title: Collier's Encyclopedia


text:
Takeshi Aono

Takeshi Aono (青野 武) was a Japanese voice actor and narrator from Asahikawa, Hokkaidō. He was attached to Aoni Production at the time of his death. He graduated from Hokkaidō Asahikawa Higashi High School.

Career
Aono was most known for the roles of Shiro Sanada (Space Battleship Yamato), Rihaku (Fist of the North Star), Nurarihyon (GeGeGe no Kitaro), Piccolo Daimao and Kami-sama (Dragon Ball), Kumahachi Kumada (Kiteretsu Daihyakka), Dakuan (Ninja Scroll), Gen Fu (Dead or Alive), Dezsaras (Transformers: Victory), Jinpachi Mishima (Demon form) (Tekken 5/Tekken 5: Dark Resurrection) and Tomozō Sakura (Chibi Maruko-chan). In the live action field, Aono was the official dubbing artist of Joe Pesci and Christopher Lloyd. Aono was also known to appear in the first ten One Piece movies. He is also known to gamers as the voice of the diabolical Dr. Wily in the PlayStation-era Mega Man games, and Colonel Roy Campbell of the Metal Gear games. Aono is mostly remembered for his harsh voice for many Japanese anime series.

Illness and death
In May 2010, Aono checked into a hospital for an aortic dissection and suffered a stroke shortly thereafter, thus ending his career as a voice actor. His ongoing roles were replaced by other voice actors.

At about 4:38 pm on April 9, 2012, Aono suffered a bout of post-operative multiple cerebral infarctions and was found dead. Voice actress Eiko Hisamura announced Aono's death via her Twitter feed, and video game designer Hideo Kojima stated via his Twitter that he will retire the Roy Campbell character from the Metal Gear series out of respect for Aono. Aono was 75 years old at the time of his death.

Anime television series
1965 1968 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
 * Super Jetter (Alien X)
 * Sabu to Ichi Torimono Hikae (Shonosuke, Miyoshi)
 * Yūyake Banchō
 * Bakuhatsu Gorō (Kudo)
 * Animentarie Ketsudan
 * Devilman (Faizel)
 * Science Ninja Team Gatchaman (Masaki, Commander (ep. 12))
 * Karate Baka Ichidai (Kuroki)
 * Hurricane Polymar (Joe Kuruma)
 * Space Battleship Yamato (Shiro Sanada, Mori's Father, Berger, Talan (first voice))
 * Arabian Nights: Sinbad's Adventures (Blue Genie)
 * Ganso Tensai Bakabon (Various)
 * Lupin III (Peter Jacov, Gregoire III)
 * Angie Girl (Roger)
 * Nobody's Boy: Remi (Jerome Barberin)
 * Space Battleship Yamato 2 (Shiro Sanada)
 * Uchū Majin Daikengo (Roboleon)
 * Invincible Steel Man Daitarn 3 (Soldier Matsu)
 * Yatterman (Yonkyo)
 * Space Battleship Yamato: The New Voyage (Shiro Sanada)
 * Entaku no Kishi Monogatari: Moero Arthur (Hesting)
 * Bannertail: The Story of Gray Squirrel (Akacho)
 * Mirai Robo Daltanius (Danji's Father)
 * Space Battleship Yamato III (Shiro Sanada)
 * Uchū Senshi Baldios (Zeo Gattler)
 * Galaxy Express 999 (Commanding Officer (ep. 97))
 * Nils no Fushigi na Tabi (Wind Rush)
 * Urusei Yatsura (Personal Computer, Super Delicious Planet Golden Special Reserve Gorgeous After-Care Kid No. 28, Kitsune's teacher)
 * Dash Kappei (Captain Gokō)
 * Mighty Atom (Ketchup (ep. 16), Professor Amanokawa (ep. 41))
 * Six God Combination Godmars (Professor Myojin)
 * Scientific Rescue Team TechnoVoyager (Gran Hansen)
 * Gyakuten! Ippatsuman (Salesman Nakashima (ep. 19))
 * The Mysterious Cities of Gold (Sancho)
 * Patalliro! (Head Guard)
 * Ai Shite Night (Shigemaru Mitamura)
 * Ginga Shippū Sasuraiger (Bill, Vincent Sho)
 * Manga Nihon Shi (Shiba Yoshiyuki, Ashikaga Yoshimasa, Oda Nobunaga)
 * Fist of the North Star (Rihaku of the Ocean)
 * Yume Senshi Wingman (Principal)
 * Lupin III (Garve, Tony Luccino, others)
 * GeGeGe no Kitaro (Nurarihyon, Unisuke, Fukurosage, Neko-sen'nin, Binbōgami, Gama-sen'nin, Ito-sen'nin, Old Man, Narration)
 * Ninja Senshi Tobikage (Hazard Pasha)
 * Ultraman Kids no Kotowaza Monogatari (Grosser-sensei)
 * Ginga: Nagareboshi Gin (Benizakura)
 * Dragon Ball (Ninja Murasaki, Ginkaku, King Piccolo, and Kami)
 * High School! Kimengumi (Seiretsu Zenin)
 * Fist of the North Star 2 (Rihaku of the Sea)
 * Tsuide ni Tonchinkan (Chief Doku'oni)
 * Bikkuriman (Super Devil)
 * Oishinbo (Kairakutei Black)
 * Kiteretsu Daihyakka (Kumahachi Kumada, Yaohachi's Father, Mōretsu Sai, Kumaichiro)
 * Hello! Lady Lynn (Reynolds)
 * Kariage-kun (Man at Tanabe Station, Chief, Director)
 * Jungle Emperor (Raulo (ep. 8))
 * Soreike! Anpanman (Hanabiman (first voice), Baron Horagai, Donutsman (second voice), Tongarashi (second voice))
 * Transformers: Victory (Deszaras)
 * Chinpui (Debra Moo)
 * Dragon Quest: Yusha Abel Densetsu (General Ludoff)
 * Dragon Ball Z (Kami and King Piccolo)
 * New Bikkuriman (Super Devil)
 * Ranma ½ (Gambling King and Kinnii)
 * NG Knight Lamune & 40 (Dr. White (ep. 9))
 * Tanoshii Moomin Ikka (Pirate)
 * Magical Tarurūto-kun (Matsugoro Naniwa)
 * The Three-Eyed One (Goblin)
 * Mōretsu Atarō (Servant)
 * City Hunter '91 (Phantom Killer (ep. 5~6))
 * Tanoshii Moomin Ikka Adventure Diary (Commander)
 * Dragon Quest: Dai no Daibōken (Hadlar, Mazohho)
 * The Laughing Salesman (Yosuke Uchinaki (ep. 73))
 * O~i! Ryoma (Hachihira Sakamoto)
 * Crayon Shin-chan (Black Meke-Meke, President Gilgiros, Narration, etc.)
 * Super Jigan (Ozawa, Narration)
 * Tetsujin 28 FX (Dr. Frankenstein, Count of Transylvania)
 * Hime-chan's Ribbon (Kumosuke)
 * Tenchi Muyo! (Katsuhito Masaki and Nobuyuki Masaki)
 * Legend of the Swordmaster Yaiba (Matsuo Bashō)
 * Ghost Sweeper Mikami (Kenki-kun)
 * Battle Tycoon: Flash Hiders SFX (Guston Slayed)
 * Battle Spirits: Ryuko no Ken (Ryuhaku Todo)
 * Mobile Fighter G Gundam (Birdman)
 * Samurai Spirits (Hattori Hanzō)
 * Tenchi Muyo! II (Katsuhito Masaki and Nobuyuki Masaki)
 * Tenchi Muyo! The Night Before Christmas (Katsuhito Masaki)
 * Gulliver Boy (Papa Toscani, Majin)
 * Neighborhood Story (Houshi)
 * Chibi Maruko-chan (Tomozō "Ojii-chan" Sakura (2nd voice))
 * Tenchi Muyo! (Katsuhito Masaki and Nobuyuki Masaki)
 * Tenchi Universe (Katsuhito Masaki and Nobuyuki Masaki)
 * Kaiketsu Zorro (Timoteo)
 * GeGeGe no Kitaro (Cannibal Island, Toshitaro Ijuuin, Butler, Bakeneko, Matsuzo Mitaka, Harunosuke Nagasaki, Kamanari, Professor)
 * Hell Teacher Nube (Kageguchi, Yama Oroshi)
 * You're Under Arrest (Daimaru Nakajima)
 * Chōja Raideen (Hidora)
 * Nintama Rantarō (Mizuta)
 * Tsuyoshi Shikkari Shinasai (Tozo)
 * Detective Conan (Norikazu Sasai and Nicodimus Stanley)
 * Magical Girl Pretty Sammy (Genjuro Hagakure and Nobuyuki Onijigoku)
 * Fire Emblem (Gharnef)
 * Slayers Special (Diol)
 * Kindaichi Case Files (Eisaku Iwata)
 * Dr. Slump (Ankoromochi)
 * Haunted Junction (Board Chairman)
 * Tenchi in Tokyo (Katsuhito Masaki and Nobuyuki Masaki)
 * Shikuu Tenshou Nazca (Yukinojo Miura)
 * Outlaw Star (Gwen Khan and Swanzo)
 * Sentimental Journey (Narration (ep. 10))
 * Bomberman B-Daman Bakugaiden (Wa Lion)
 * Master Keaton (Chin Haku Shu)
 * Yu-Gi-Oh! (Sugoroku Muto)
 * Cowboy Bebop (Doohan)
 * Trigun (Stan)
 * Ojarumaru (Emperor Menma)
 * Kyorochan (Kyoro Jii-san)
 * The Big O (Dandy Wise)
 * Inuyasha (Kaijinbō)
 * Kindaichi Case Files (Fujio Tashiro, Nobuhiro Yamanouchi)
 * Legendary Gambler Tetsuya (Narration)
 * Nintama Rantarō (Crying Man)
 * Mushrambo (Lanancuras)
 * One Piece ("Hawk Eye" Mihawk, Woop Slap (2nd voice))
 * Shaman King (Yohmei Asakura)
 * Najica Blitz Tactics (Second Hand Maker and Old Man)
 * Great Dangaioh (Commander Yonamine)
 * Vampiyan Kids (Shinigami Judge)
 * Detective Conan (Muneyuki Mino)
 * Magical Shopping Arcade Abenobashi (Grandpa Masa)
 * Tenchi Muyo! GXP (Katsuhito Masaki)
 * Naruto (Tazuna)
 * Panyo Panyo Di Gi Charat (Santa Claus)
 * Agatha Christie's Great Detectives Poirot and Marple (Clancy)
 * Astro Boy: Mighty Atom (Mini Mini)
 * Natsuhiko Kyogoku's Requiem from the Darkness (Chihei)
 * The Galaxy Railways (Whitman)
 * D.N.Angel (Daiki Niwa)
 * Firestorm (Jack Morgan)
 * Full Metal Panic! Fumoffu (Yoshiharu Ohnuki)
 * Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo (Old Master Somen, Master Tuna Fillet and Ramen Master)
 * Aqua Kids (Professor Bill)
 * Ojarumaru (Menma-Daiō)
 * Girls Bravo: first season (Sakanahara)
 * Zoids Fuzors (Professor Peers)
 * Black Jack (Togakushi-sensei, Chugoro)
 * Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX (Dr. Zweinstein)
 * Yakitate!! Japan (Norihei Miki)
 * Monkey Turn V (Takeo Douguchi)
 * Monster (Haitomaiya)
 * Lupin III: Stolen Lupin (Brian Murphy)
 * Immortal Grand Prix (Ichi)
 * Fighting Beauty Wulong (Mao Fun)
 * Gallery Fake (Tappei Shimoda)
 * Eureka Seven (Axel Thurston)
 * Mushiking: King of the Beetles (Jiji)
 * Shinshaku Sanada Jūyūshi (Honda Tadakatsu)
 * Basilisk (Azuki Rousai)
 * Honey and Clover (Leader)
 * Mushishi (Uro Mamoru)
 * Pani Poni Dash! (Bicycle Man (Ep. 8))
 * Rockman.EXE Beast (Mitsuhasa)
 * Kirarin Revolution (Hiwatari Family butler)
 * Gin Tama (Hiraga Gengai)
 * The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya (Manager)
 * The Familiar of Zero (Old Osman)
 * D.Gray-man (Bookman)
 * Happy Lucky Bikkuriman (Usagi (Super Devil))
 * Pumpkin Scissors (Old man)
 * El Cazador de la Bruja (Lopez)
 * Clannad (Toshio Kōumura)
 * GeGeGe no Kitaro (Nurarihyon)
 * The Familiar of Zero: Knight of the Twin Moons (Old Osman)
 * Mononoke: "Nue" (Robo Osawa)
 * Clannad: After Story (Toshio Kōumura)
 * The Familiar of Zero: Dance of the Three Princess (Old Osman)
 * Natsume's Book of Friends (Tsuyukami)
 * Negi Bōzu no Asatarō (Kichibei)
 * Himitsu: The Revelation (Shbeltz)
 * Someday's Dreamers (Tsuneyoshi Sato)
 * Sands of Destruction (Zou and Dr. Elephant)
 * Golgo 13 (Kickarse)
 * Kaidan Restaurant (Elder Shinigami)
 * Kawa no Hikari (Old Rat)
 * Tokyo Magnitude 8.0 (Masashi Furuichi)
 * Dragon Ball Kai (Kami, Demon and King Piccolo (ep.25))
 * P☆STAR (Tomejii)
 * NHK Hi-def presents Kitaro: The Happy Journey ~The 100 Years Later Tōno Monogatari~ (Medama Oyaji)
 * Kaidan Restaurant (Priest)
 * Marie & Gali 2.0 (da Vinci)

OVAs

 * Ushio and Tora (Shigure Aozuki)
 * Kamen Rider SD (General Zark)
 * Karakuri no Kimi (Shinobi Leader)
 * Kyūkyoku Chōjin R (Nariyuki Narihara)
 * Kyō Kara Ore Wa!! (Akasaka)
 * Legend of the Galactic Heroes (Lieutenant Murai)
 * GeGeGe no Kitaro (Nurarihyon)
 * Cyber City Oedo 808 (Dave Kurokawa)
 * Giant Robo (Doujin Issei)
 * JoJo's Bizarre Adventure (Vanilla Ice)
 * New Cutey Honey (Professor Kabuto)
 * Slayers Special (Diol)
 * Tales of Symphonia (Rodyle)
 * Detatoko Princess (Old man)
 * Birdy the Mighty (Yamazaki)
 * Devilman (Jinmen)
 * Dragon Ball Z: Gather Together! Goku's World (King Piccolo)
 * Tenchi Muyo! Ryo-Ohki (Katsuhito Masaki, Nobuyuki Masaki)
 * Violence Jack Hell Town Arc (Mad Zaurus)
 * Fire Emblem (Garnef)
 * Dangaioh (Professor Tarsan)
 * Metal Gear Solid 2 Bande Dessinee (Roy Campbell)
 * Battle Spirits: Ryuuko no Ken (Ryuhaku Todo)
 * King of Braves GaoGaiGar Final (Gimlet)
 * Ranma ½ SPECIAL (Shinnosuke's Grandfather)
 * Record of Lodoss War (Vagnard)
 * Demon City Shinjuku (Old Woman)
 * Puppet Princess (Head of the Deathless Ninjas)
 * Sol Bianca (Batros)
 * Prefectural Earth Defense Force (Scope Tsuruzuki)
 * Dragon Half (Ruth)

Anime movies

 * Night on the Galactic Railroad (1985) - Wireless operator
 * Wicked City (Mr. Shadow)
 * Lensman (Thorndyke)
 * Psalms of Planets Eureka Seven: Pocket Full of Rainbows (Principal)
 * Space Battleship Yamato series (Shiro Sanada)
 * Kaiketsu Zorori (Magician)
 * Futari wa Pretty Cure Max Heart 2: Yukizora no Tomodachi (Old Master)
 * Ganbare!! Tabuchi-kun!! (Yasuda)
 * Kinnikuman: Counterattack! The Underground Space Choujin (Hydra King)
 * Crayon Shin-chan: Action Kamen vs. Haigre Maō (Skeleton and Zombie)
 * Glick no Bōken (Ganba)
 * Pokémon: Lucario and the Mystery of Mew (Banks)
 * Fist of the North Star (Fox)
 * GeGeGe no Kitaro series (Nurarihyon)
 * Ghost Sweeper Mikami (Akechi Mitsuhide and Kenki-kun)
 * Golgo 13 (Pablo)
 * Toki no Tabibito -Time Stranger- (Kitahiko)
 * Ninja Scroll (Dakuan)
 * Doraemon: Nobita and the Winged Heroes (Beautician)
 * Dragon Quest: Dai no Daibōken (Hadora)
 * Hashire Melos! (Calippas)
 * Vampire Hunter D: Bloodlust (Polk)
 * Metropolis (Dr. Ponkotsu)
 * YuYu Hakusho (Garuga)
 * Six God Combination Godmars (Professor Myojin)
 * Barefoot Gen (Eizo)
 * Barefoot Gen 2 (Sensei)
 * Future War 198X (Bugarin)
 * Roujin Z (Roujin C and Third Ache)
 * Arcadia of My Youth (Murigson)
 * One Piece (Ganzo)
 * One Piece: Baron Omatsuri and the Secret Island (Kerojii)
 * One Piece: Clockwork Island Adventure (Skunk One)
 * One Piece: Chopper's Animal Kingdom (Bald Parrot)
 * One Piece: Dead End Adventure (Bartender)
 * One Piece: Cursed Sacred Sword (Boo Kong)
 * One Piece: The Secret Island of Baron Omatsuri (Kero-Jii)
 * One Piece: The Mechanical Giants of Karakuri Castle (Gonzo)
 * One Piece: Episode of Alabasta - The Desert Princess and the Pirates (Lassou)
 * One Piece: Episode of Chopper+: Bloom in the Winter, Miracle Sakura (Isshi 1)
 * One Piece Film: Strong World (Pirate)
 * Battle Spirits: Ryuko no Ken (Ryuhaku Todoh)
 * Dragon Ball Z (Kami)
 * Fist of the North Star 0: The Legend of Kenshiro (Fugen)
 * The Professional: Golgo 13 (Pablo)
 * Metal Gear Solid: Digital Graphic Novel (Roy Campbell)
 * Metal Gear Solid 2: Bande Dessinee (Roy Campbell)
 * Redline (Old Man Mole)
 * Samurai Spirits: Haten Goma no Sho (Hanzo Hattori)
 * Street Fight Alpha: Generations (Old Master)
 * Tenchi Muyo! in Love (Katsuhito Masaki and Nobuyuki Masaki)
 * Tenchi Muyō! Midsummer's Eve (Katsuhito Masaki and Nobuyuki Masaki)

Video games

 * Puyo Puyo (Suketoudara)
 * Ape Escape 3 (Roy Campbell)
 * Black Matrix (John)
 * Blood Will Tell (Nine Tailed-Fox)
 * Bloody Roar 3 (Kohryu)
 * BS Tantei Club: Yuki ni Kieta Kako (Sakuma and Imada)
 * Capcom vs. SNK 2: Mark of the Millenium (Ryuhaku Todoh)
 * Clannad (Toshio Komura)
 * Dead or Alive series
 * Dead or Alive (Gen Fu)
 * Dead or Alive 2 (Gen Fu)
 * Dead or Alive 3 (Gen Fu)
 * Dead or Alive 4 (Gen Fu, Muramasa)
 * Dragon Ball: Revenge of King Piccolo (Ninja Murasaki and King Piccolo)
 * Dragon Ball Z: Budokai (Kami)
 * Dragon Ball Z: Budokai Tenkaichi 3 (King Piccolo)
 * Dragon Ball Z: Budokai 3 (Kami)
 * Final Fantasy IV (Nintendo DS version) (Cagnazzo and King Giott)
 * Heart of Darkness (Japanese dub) (Head Honcho)
 * Logos Panic
 * Lupin III: Shijo no Zunosen (Saimon Paradox)
 * Metal Gear series
 * Metal Gear Solid (Roy Campbell)
 * Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (Colonel)
 * Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater (Aleksandr Leonovitch Granin and Roy Campbell)
 * Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots (Roy Campbell)
 * Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker (DOD Representative)
 * Naruto: Ultimate Ninja (Tazuna)
 * Ninja Gaiden
 * Ninja Gaiden (Muramasa)
 * Ninja Gaiden Sigma (Muramasa)
 * Ninja Gaiden: Dragon Sword (Muramasa)
 * Ninja Gaiden II (Muramasa)
 * Ninja Gaiden Σ2 (Muramasa)
 * One Piece: Grand Battle (Dracule Mihawk)
 * One Piece: Unlimited Adventure (Dracule Mihawk)
 * Phantasy Star Portable (Dr. Tomrain)
 * Phantasy Star Universe (Dr. Tomrain)
 * Rockman series
 * Rockman 8: Metal Heroes (Dr. Wily)
 * Rockman Battle & Chase (Dr. Wily)
 * Super Adventure Rockman (Dr. Wily)
 * Rockman Rockman (Dr. Wily)
 * Rockman X series
 * Rockman X4 (Dr. Wily)
 * Rockman X6 (Isoc and Grand Scaravich)
 * Super Dragon Ball Z (King Piccolo)
 * Super Robot Wars series (Hazard Pasha)
 * Street Fighter II drama CDs
 * Street Fighter II: Fukushū no Senshi (Retsu)
 * Street Fighter II: Majin no Shōzō (Retsu)
 * Super Smash Bros. series
 * Super Smash Bros. Brawl (Roy Campbell)
 * Super Smash Bros. Ultimate (Roy Campbell)
 * Tales of Eternia (Maxwell and Nereid)
 * Tekken series
 * Tekken 5 (Jinpachi Mishima)
 * Tekken 5: Dark Resurrection (Jinpachi Mishima)
 * Tekken Tag Tournament 2 (Jinpachi Mishima)
 * Valkyria Chronicles II (Laurence Kluivert)

Live-action

 * Ultraman (1966) (Alien Zarab (Ep. 18) (also suit actor))
 * Enban Senso Bankid (1976) (Zetrus Captain (Ep. 3))
 * Ultraman Dyna (1997) (Mysterious Thief Himala (Ep. 12))
 * Mahou Sentai Magiranger (2005) (Hades Beastman King of Hell Kobold Bullrates (Ep. 27 - 31))
 * Ultraman Mebius & Ultraman Brothers (2006) (Alien Zarab)
 * Ultra Galaxy Mega Monster Battle: Never Ending Odyssey (2009) (Alien Zarab (NRB) (Ep. 8)/Imitation Ultraman (Ep. 8))
 * Mega Monster Battle: Ultra Galaxy (2009) (Alien Zarab/Imitation Ultraman)

Live-action

 * Joe Pesci
 * Lethal Weapon 2 (Leo Getz)
 * Home Alone (VHS/DVD Edition/1994 Fuji TV Edition) (Harry Lyme)
 * JFK (David Ferrie)
 * The Super (Louie Kritski)
 * Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (VHS/DVD Edition/1997 Fuji TV Edition) (Harry Lyme)
 * Lethal Weapon 3 (Leo Getz)
 * My Cousin Vinny (Vincent LaGuardia "Vinny" Gambini)
 * The Public Eye (Leon "Bernzy" Bernstein)
 * Jimmy Hollywood (Jimmy Alto/Jericho)
 * Gone Fishin' (Joe Waters)
 * Lethal Weapon 4 (Leo Getz)
 * Christopher Lloyd
 * Amazing Stories (Professor B.O. Beanes)
 * Back to the Future (VHS/DVD Edition) (Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown)
 * Back to the Future Part II (VHS/DVD Edition) (Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown)
 * Back to the Future Part III (VHS/DVD Edition) (Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown)
 * The Addams Family (1995 NTV edition) (Uncle Fester / Gordon Craven)
 * Addams Family Values (Uncle Fester Addams)
 * Angels in the Endzone (Al "The Boss" Angel)
 * My Favorite Martian (Uncle Martin/The Martian)
 * Danny DeVito
 * The Jewel of the Nile (1989 Fuji TV edition) (Ralph)
 * Ruthless People (Sam Stone)
 * The War of the Roses (1992 Fuji TV edition) (Gavin D'Amato)
 * Look Who's Talking Now (Rocks)
 * Mars Attacks! (2000 TV Tokyo edition) (Rude Gambler)
 * L.A. Confidential (2001 Fuji TV edition) (Sid Hudgens)
 * Deck the Halls (Buddy Hall)
 * Harry Dean Stanton
 * Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid (Luke)
 * Alien (1980 Fuji TV edition) (Brett)
 * Private Benjamin (1985 TV Asahi edition) (1st Sergeant Jim Ballard)
 * Red Dawn (1987 TBS edition) (Tom Eckert)
 * The Mighty (Elton "Grim" Pinneman)
 * 12 Angry Men (Juror #7 (Jack Warden))
 * A.I. Artificial Intelligence (Specialist)
 * Adam-12 (Pete Malloy (Martin Milner))
 * The Addams Family (Tully Alford (Dan Hedaya))
 * Around the World in 80 Days (2008 TV Tokyo edition) (Lord Kelvin (Jim Broadbent))
 * Assault on Precinct 13 (1980 TV Tokyo edition) (Napoleon Wilson (Darwin Joston))
 * Baby's Day Out (Norby LeBlaw (Joe Pantoliano))
 * A Better Tomorrow II (Sung Tse-ho (Ti Lung))
 * Blackjack (Thomas (Saul Rubinek))
 * Casablanca (2000 TV Tokyo edition) (Captain Louis Renault (Claude Rains))
 * Charlotte's Web (Samuel the Sheep (John Cleese))
 * Commando (1987 TBS edition) (Bennett (Vernon Wells))
 * Congo (Herkermer Homolka (Tim Curry))
 * Ewoks: The Battle for Endor (Willy)*The Da Vinci Code (2009 Fuji TV edition) (Sir Leigh Teabing (Ian McKellen))
 * Das Boot (1983 Fuji TV edition) (Obermaschinist Johann (Erwin Leder))
 * Death Ship (1983 Fuji TV edition) (Nick (Nick Mancuso))
 * Death Wish (1980 TV Asahi edition) (Detective Hank (Jack Wallace))
 * Disciples of the 36th Chamber (Manchu Chief (Lau Kar-leung))
 * Eastern Condors (Lieutenant Colonel Lam (Lam Ching-ying))
 * Ernest P. Worrell series (Ernest P. Worrell)
 * Escape from New York (1982 NTV edition) (Snake Plissken (Kurt Russell))
 * Fierce Creatures (Adrian 'Bugsy' Malone (Michael Palin))
 * Full House (Nick Katsopolis (John Aprea))
 * Freddy vs. Jason (2005 TV Tokyo edition) (Freddy Krueger (Robert Englund))
 * The Godfather (1976 NTV edition) (Carlo Rizzi (Gianni Russo))
 * The Godfather Part II (1980 NTV edition) (Vito Corleone (Robert De Niro))
 * Harry Potter series (Argus Filch (David Bradley))
 * Heat (Vincent Hanna (Al Pacino))
 * The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (Slartibartfast (Bill Nighy))
 * The Incredible Hulk (Jack McGee (Jack Colvin))
 * Independence Day (Russell Casse (Randy Quaid))
 * Instinct (Dr. Ethan Powell (Anthony Hopkins))
 * Kickboxer (Xian Chow (Dennis Chan))
 * Licence to Kill (1996 TBS edition) (Milton Krest (Anthony Zerbe))
 * Lucky Stars Go Places (Chief Inspector Albert / Baldy (Karl Maka))
 * Mad Max 2 (1991 TBS edition) (The Gyro Captain (Bruce Spence))
 * Marked for Death (Screwface (Basil Wallace))
 * Miami Vice (Narrator and Lieutenant Martin Castillo (Edward James Olmos))
 * Mirrors (Lorenzo Sapelli (John Shrapnel))
 * Monrak Transistor (Sadaw's father (Prasit Wongrakthai))
 * Monty Python's Flying Circus (Michael Palin)
 * Monty Python and the Holy Grail (Narrator (Michael Palin))
 * Mr. Vampire (Father Kō (Lam Ching-ying))
 * Nash Bridges (Joe Dominguez (Cheech Marin))
 * Predator (1993 TV Asahi edition) (Blain Cooper (Jesse Ventura))
 * Racing Stripes (2006 NTV edition) (Tucker)
 * Rapid Fire (Mace Ryan (Powers Boothe))
 * Raw Deal (1991 TV Asahi edition) (Martin "The Hammer" Lamanski (Steven Hill))
 * The Rocketeer (A. "Peevy" Peabody (Alan Arkin))
 * Seven (1998 Fuji TV edition) (Police Captain (R. Lee Ermey))
 * Sniper (Thomas Beckett (Tom Berenger))
 * Speed (1997 Fuji TV edition) (Howard Payne (Dennis Hopper))
 * Spiritual Kung Fu (Luk (James Tien))
 * The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (The Hitchhiker (Edwin Neal))
 * Unleashed (Bart (Bob Hoskins))
 * Vampire vs Vampire (One Eyebrow Priest (Lam Ching-ying))
 * Where Eagles Dare (Major Von Happen (Derren Nesbitt))

Animation

 * 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure (Jasper Badun)
 * Batman: The Animated Series (Joker)
 * Batman: Mask of the Phantasm (Joker)
 * Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker (Joker and New Joker)
 * DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp (Genie)
 * The Great Mouse Detective (Basil)
 * The Halloween Tree (Mr. Moundshroud)
 * Justice League (The Joker)
 * The Little Mermaid (Dr. Viles)
 * The Lion King 1½ (Uncle Max and Grumpy)
 * The New Batman Adventures (The Joker)
 * Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World (King James I)
 * Robots (Madame Gasket)
 * The Simpsons (Herbert Powell)
 * Space Jam (Mr. Swackhammer)
 * Shrek 2 (King Harold)
 * Shrek Forever After (King Harold)
 * Shrek the Third (King Harold)
 * Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure (Tall Troll)
 * Thomas & Friends (Sir Topham Hatt (Season 5–8, replacing Kōhei Miyauchi))
 * Thunderbirds (Additional voices)
 * Thunderbird 6 TV edition (Aloysius "Nosey" Parker)

title: Takeshi Aono


text:
Gifford Observatory

The Gifford Observatory is an astronomical observation facility located in the suburb of Mount Victoria, Wellington, New Zealand. Operated by the Gifford Observatory Trust with the intent of making it available for use to Wellington school children, it is primarily used by secondary school students, and members of the Wellington Astronomical Society.

History of the observatory
The observatory was first established in 1912 by the efforts of Charles Gifford, a science teacher. The observatory was moved to the current site in 1926, on land that is now occupied in trust by Wellington College and Wellington East Girls' College. The observatory fell into disrepair in the late 1970s due to a momentary lack of time and enthusiasm from staff and students at the school.

A trust was established in 1998 by a small group of interested teachers and amateur astronomers from the Wellington Astronomical Society, with the goal of restoring the observatory to a working state. On March 25, 2002, the observatory was successfully re-opened by William Pickering, who had been a frequent user of the observatory during his school days.

Equipment
Since being moved to its present location in 1924, the observatory has housed a 130 mm Zeiss refracting telescope. The telescope was equipped with a clockwork drive until it was replaced by a motor drive in the mid-1960s.

The telescope was kept in storage during the observatory's disrepair throughout the 1980s and 1990s. It was returned to the observatory following the restoration.

title: Gifford Observatory


text:
User talk:Microjunjun~enwiki

Just like microsoft,I am microjunjun,from Great China.

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Microjunjun. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Microjunjun~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 01:29, 20 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 16:20, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Microjunjun~enwiki


text:
USS Samuel B. Roberts (DE-413)

USS Samuel B. Roberts (DE-413) was a John C. Butler-class destroyer escort destroyer escort of the United States Navy which served in World War II, the first of three U.S. Navy ships to bear the name.

Samuel B. Roberts was named after Coxswain Samuel Booker Roberts Jr., a Navy Cross recipient, who had been commended for voluntarily steering a Higgins boat towards enemy forces at Guadalcanal, in order to divert fire from evacuation efforts being undertaken by other friendly vessels. The ship was nicknamed the "Sammy B".

Samuel B. Roberts was sunk in the Battle off Samar, in which a small force of U.S. warships prevented a superior Imperial Japanese Navy force from attacking the amphibious invasion fleet off the Philippine island of Leyte. The battle formed part of the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf of October 1944. The ship was part of Task Unit 77.4.3 ("Taffy 3"), escort carriers only protected by relatively few destroyers and destroyer escorts. Task Unit 77.4.3 was inadvertently left to fend off a fleet of heavily armed Japanese battleships, cruisers, and destroyers off the island of Samar.

Steaming through incoming shells, Samuel B. Roberts scored one torpedo hit and several shell hits on larger enemy warships before she was sunk. After the battle, Samuel B. Roberts received the appellation "the destroyer escort that fought like a battleship." As of June 2022, she is the deepest shipwreck ever discovered. Her last known survivor died on 20 March 2022.

Construction and commissioning
Samuel B. Roberts was laid down on 6 December 1943, by the Brown Shipbuilding Company of Houston, Texas. She was launched on 20 January 1944, sponsored by the namesake's mother, Mrs. Anna Roberts. She was commissioned on 28 April 1944, commanded by Lieutenant Commander Robert W. Copeland, USNR.

Service history
Samuel B. Roberts had a shakedown cruise off Bermuda from 21 May to 19 June 1944. After spending time at the Boston Navy Yard, Roberts departed for Norfolk, Virginia, on 7 July. Later that day, the ship presumably struck a whale, which bent her starboard propeller. Repairs were completed by 11 July. Roberts departed Norfolk on 22 July, going through the Panama Canal on 27 July. She joined the Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor on 10 August.

She conducted training exercises around the Hawaiian Islands then steamed out on 21 August with a convoy reaching Eniwetok Atoll on 30 August. On 2 September, Roberts returned to Pearl Harbor, with a convoy arriving on 10 September. Following further training, the destroyer escort got underway on 21 September, escorted a convoy to Eniwetok, and arrived on 30 September.

Roberts next proceeded to Manus Island in the Admiralty Islands of the Southwest Pacific and then joined Task Unit 77.4.3, nicknamed "Taffy 3". From there she steamed to Leyte Gulf area off the eastern Philippines. On arrival, she commenced operations with the Northern Air Support Group off the Island of Samar.

Battle off Samar
Shortly after dawn on 25 October, Samuel B. Roberts was protecting Taffy 3's escort carriers whose aircraft were supporting the Army assault. The warships were steaming off the eastern coast of Samar when the Japanese Center Force, a 23-ship task force under the command of Vice Admiral Takeo Kurita, appeared on the horizon and opened fire. At 07:35, Roberts turned and headed toward the heavy cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Chōkai.

The commanding officer, Copeland, announced "We're making a torpedo run. The outcome is doubtful, but we will do our duty." With smoke as cover, Roberts steamed to within 2.5 nmi of Chōkai, coming under fire from the cruiser's forward 8 in guns.

Roberts had moved so close that the Japanese large caliber guns could not depress low enough to hit her and when in torpedo range, Roberts launched three Mark 15 torpedoes, with one blowing off Chōkai's stern. Roberts fought with the Japanese ships for a further hour, firing more than six hundred 5 in shells, and while maneuvering at very close range, hitting Chōkai's superstructure with her 40 mm and 20 mm anti-aircraft guns.

At 08:51, the Japanese landed two hits, the second of which damaged the aft 5 in gun. This damaged gun suffered a breech explosion shortly thereafter which killed and wounded several crew members. With her remaining 5 in gun, Roberts set the bridge of the heavy cruiser JAPANESE CRUISER Chikuma on fire and destroyed the Number Three gun turret. Roberts was then hit by three 14 in shells from the battleship JAPANESE BATTLESHIP Kongō, which tore a hole 40 ft long and 10 ft wide in the port side of her aft engine room.

At 09:35, the order was given to abandon ship. She sank 30 minutes later, with 90 of the crew dying. The 120 survivors of the crew clung to three life rafts for 50 hours before being rescued.

During the battle, Samuel B. Roberts, which was designed for 23 - 24 kn, managed 28.7 kn by raising pressure to 660 psi and diverting all available steam to the ship's turbines.

Samuel B. Roberts was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 27 November 1944.

The wreck was discovered around 22 June 2022, at a depth of 6895 m, at that time the deepest wreck ever identified.

Awards and honors

Samuel B. Roberts was included in the Presidential Unit Citation given to Task Unit 77.4.3 "for extraordinary heroism in action." Samuel B. Roberts earned one battle star for her World War II service.

Gunner's Mate Third Class Paul H. Carr was in charge of Gun Mount 52, the aft 5 in gun, which had fired nearly all of its 325 stored rounds in 35 minutes before a round exploded in the gun's breech. Carr was found dying at his station from a severe intestinal wound, begging for help to load the last round he was holding into the breech. For his actions, he was posthumously awarded a Silver Star. A guided-missile frigate, USS Carr (FFG-52), was named for him.

The frigate USS Copeland (FFG-25) was named for the ship's commanding officer.

Memorials

 * At the U.S. Naval Academy, in Alumni Hall, a concourse is dedicated to Lieutenant Lloyd Garnett and his shipmates on Samuel B. Roberts who earned their ship the reputation as the "destroyer escort that fought like a battleship" in the Battle of Leyte Gulf.
 * Within Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery federal military cemetery in the city of San Diego, California, there is a large granite memorial dedicated in 1995 to Samuel B. Roberts, and to the two U.S. destroyers also sunk in the action, USS Hoel (DD-533) and USS Johnston (DD-557).

Successors
Two later U.S. warships have borne the name USS Samuel B. Roberts:

 * The second USS Samuel B. Roberts (DD-823), was a Gearing-class destroyer, commissioned in 1946 and struck in 1970.
 * The third USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58), is an Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate guided missile frigate, commissioned in 1986 and decommissioned on 22 May 2015.

Discovery of wreck
An exploration team led by Victor Vescovo and made up of personnel of Caladan Oceanic, Deep Ocean Search, and EYOS Expeditions discovered the wreck of Samuel B. Roberts in June 2022. The team found, identified, and surveyed the wreck during a series of six dives conducted from 17 to 24 June 2022.

The team determined that the wreck reached the seabed in one piece, although it hit the sea floor bow first and with enough force to cause some buckling, and observed that the ship's stern had separated from the rest of the hull by about 5 m. The team reported that it had found evidence of damage to the ship inflicted by a Japanese battleship shell, including Samuel B. Roberts's fallen mast.

The wreck of Samuel B. Roberts lies at a depth of 6895 m, making her the deepest known shipwreck and the deepest shipwreck ever identified by a crewed submersible. It exceeds the previous record of 6469 m, set in March 2021 when Vescovo's team found and identified the wreck of the destroyer USS Johnston (DD-557), which was sunk in the same battle.

Sunken ship protection
The wreck of Samuel B. Roberts is protected from unauthorized disturbance by the Sunken Military Craft Act. A permit for archaeological, historical, or educational purposes can be requested from the Naval History and Heritage Command.

title: USS Samuel B. Roberts (DE-413)


text:
International Data Group

International Data Group (IDG, Inc.) is a market intelligence and demand generation company  focused on the technology industry. IDG, Inc.'s mission is centered around supporting the technology industry through research, data, marketing technology, and insights that help create and sustain relationships between businesses.

IDG, Inc. is wholly owned by Blackstone and is led by Genevieve Juillard, who was appointed CEO of the company in 2023. Juillard serves on IDG, Inc.'s leadership team along with IDC President Crawford Del Prete and IDG, Inc.'s Chief Financial Officer Tiziana Figliolia.

IDG, Inc. is headquartered in Needham, Massachusetts and is parent company to both International Data Corporation (IDC) and Foundry (formerly IDG Communications).

History
International Data Group was initially founded as International Data Corporation (IDC) in 1964 by Patrick Joseph McGovern, shortly after he had graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Based in Massachusetts, the company produced a computer installation database, and published a newsletter, "EDP Industry and Market Report" (modeled on "ADP Newsletter", which was published by the Diebold Group). Companies such as RCA, Univac, Xerox, and Burroughs paid IDC for use of the data base. During this time, McGovern continued to work as a writer for "Computers and Automation" magazine, the first computer magazine, published by Edmund Berkeley.

Publisher History
By IDG's third year, McGovern was considering liquidating the company when he hit on the idea of launching Computerworld in 1967, which was a continuation of the monthly newsletter, published weekly instead of monthly, in a different format, with advertising, and which would become a cornerstone of IDG's subsequent publishing arm.

In 1969, IDG made its first overseas expansion when it opened IDC UK and launched its first European publication. In 1974, the company launched its first international publication, Computerwoche, in Germany, its first fully translated publication. International publications in Japan, China, the then Soviet Union, Vietnam, and other countries would follow throughout the 1990s.

In 1984, the company launched MacWorld in the same week that the Macintosh computer was debuted, and featured Steve Jobs on its cover. In the 1991, IDG Books launched its For Dummies series with DOS for Dummies, and published many instructional/reference books under the series until Hungry Minds (the new name for IDG Books) was acquired by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. in 2001.

In 2007, IDG ceased print publication of InfoWorld U.S. and made the content available online only, signaling the company's transition to a web-centric model for publication.

Events, Research & Technology Marketing
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, IDG would break into the events and research spaces. In the early 1970s, it launched its Computer Caravan trade show in the US, reaching nine US cities in 11 weeks. By 1972, the Computer Caravan had a European presence as well.

In the 1980s, IDG launched IDC Predictions via its subsidiary IDC, which would come to represent the company's technology research and analyst arm. The company still maintains an IDC Predictions team of analysts today that publish regular findings on the state of the worldwide technology industry.

In 1991, the first IDG DEMO Conference was held in La Quinta, CA as a live forum where companies could debut their latest technology live on stage in front of crowds of technology consumers, business decision makers, and investors. The event, which would go on to be held as conferences across the US, Asia, South America, and other countries through 2015, served as the site of notable product and software launches such as Adobe Acrobat, PalmPilot, VMware Virtual Hardware, Netscape, and Salesforce.

By the mid-2000s the company had established a rich online and print publication business, a trusted market research and analyst division, and a large global trade show presence – all which contributed to the growth of a database of over six million technology buyers and professionals. In 2006, IDG made this database of readers, website visitors, and event attendees available to technology marketers via its demand generation division IDG Connect. In 2010, IDG introduced the "Nanosite", an advertising tool designed as an alternative to a microsite.

Changing Ownership
Following McGovern's death in 2014, ownership of the corporate passed to the Patrick J. McGovern Foundation, until 2017 when it was purchased by China Oceanwide Holdings Group. IDG, Inc. changed ownership again in May 2021 when Blackstone Inc. acquired the corporation from China Oceanwide Holdings Group for $1.3 billion.

Divisions & Brands
IDG, Inc. serves as the parent company of two major company divisions, IDC and Foundry.

International Data Corporation (IDC)
IDC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of IDG, Inc. and is a global provider of market intelligence, advisory services, and events for the information technology, telecommunications, and consumer technology markets. IDC employs over 2,500 people globally including more than 1,300 analysts worldwide to offer expertise and insights on technology and industry trends.

In 2019, Crawford Del Prete was named president of IDC after serving as its Chief Operating Officer (COO).

In May 2021, IDC acquired Dutch IT intelligence consultancy Metri, bolstering its presence in the Benelux region and strengthening IDC's reach and insight into Europe's IT industry.

Foundry
Foundry is a wholly-owned subsidiary of IDG, Inc. and is a global provider of media & event services, marketing technology, and intent data for B2B technology marketers. Formerly known as IDG Communications, the IDG Inc. subsidiary company rebranded from IDG Communications to Foundry in February 2022 as part of its strategic transformation from publisher to data and martech company. Foundry employs over 1,400 people globally and operates in over 140 countries around the world.

Between 2020 and 2022, Foundry acquired leading data and marketing technology (MarTech) companies Triblio, Kickfire, Leadsift, and Selling Simplified as part of its strategy to transform from legacy media network to integrated marketing technology and data provider. Through both homegrown and acquired data and technologies, Foundry continues to leverage their established media brands to gather and provide insights about global technology buyers to marketers in the same space.

Editorial brands
Foundry owns and operates various editorial brands that publish relevant content for technology buyers in both the B2B and consumer spaces across over 90 countries. With some like Computerworld and MacWorld dating back to McGovern's early ownership, the editorial brands remain central to Foundry's operations in media and technology marketing, though many of the editorial brands have transitioned from print to digital.
 * CIO publishes content relevant to its network of over 4 million chief information officers and IT thought leaders in 72 countries. Its award-winning website, CIO.com, is a popular resource for IT decision makers.
 * ChannelWorld covers the sales channel and publishes content relevant to IT distributors and resellers globally.
 * Computerworld reaches over 12 million enterprise-level IT managers globally and offers practical advice, best practices, and trends related to web applications and tools that technology professionals use and implement to support their business.
 * CSO is a security-focused publication that offers content to chief security officers and IT security professionals surrounding risk management, network defense, fraud, and data protection.
 * InfoWorld caters to developers, architects, and business leaders launching next-generation initiatives on scalable cloud platforms, and publishes content around evolving, future-forward technology such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data analytics, and NoSQL databases.
 * MacWorld publishes content related to Apple hardware and software releases, reviews, tutorials, and tips for Apple product users at both the business and private consumer level.
 * Network World is dedicated to supporting the modern data center with content aimed at data center managers around cloud computing, storage, server and virtualization technologies. Network World reaches a network of over 2 million IT professionals across 14 countries.
 * PCWorld serves consumer and business audiences with content around evolving software technology and hardware for PCs with a focus on educating PC owner and advocates in their personal and professional purchases.
 * TechHive is a consumer-facing editorial brand that publishes content related to the connected home, home entertainment, and the Internet of Things. TechHive publishes reviews for connected products, featured deals, and tips for the connected homeowner.

Awards, Recognitions & Notable Events
In 2000, Salesforce was launched at IDG's DEMO Event the premier launch venue for new technologies from 1991 to 2015.

In 2001, Fortune Magazine named IDG, Inc. to its list of "The 100 Best Companies to Work For", ranking the company at number 58.

IDG Books launched the popular reference book series For Dummies in 1991, which it owned for 10 years until selling to John Wiley & Sons, Inc. in 2001.

The first ever iPhone was revealed by Steve Jobs at a MacWorld conference in 2007.

title: International Data Group


text:
Ludovico Carracci

Ludovico (or Lodovico) Carracci (21 April 1555 – 13 November 1619) was an Italian, early-Baroque painter, etcher, and printmaker born in Bologna. His works are characterized by a strong mood invoked by broad gestures and flickering light that create spiritual emotion and are credited with reinvigorating Italian art, especially fresco art, which was subsumed with formalistic Mannerism. He died in Bologna in 1619.

Biography
Ludovico apprenticed under Prospero Fontana in Bologna and traveled to Florence, Parma, and Venice, before returning to his hometown. Together with his cousins Annibale and Agostino Carracci, Ludovico worked in Bologna on the fresco cycles depicting Histories of Jason and Medea (1584) in Palazzo Fava, and the Histories of Romulus and Remus (1590-1592) for the Palazzo Magnani. Their individual contributions to these works are unclear, although Annibale, the younger than Ludovico by 5 years had gained fame as the best of the three. This led to Annibale's famed commission of the Loves of the Gods in the Palazzo Farnese in Rome. Agostino joined Annibale there briefly.

While Ludovico remained in Bologna, this does not mean that he was any less influential, the biography of Lanzi states that around 1585, Ludovico and his cousins had founded the so-called Eclectic Academy of painting (also called the Accademia degli Incamminati). More recent conjectures are that there was no established Academy with curriculum, but that Ludovico tutored many in his studio.

This studio however propelled a number of Emilian artists to pre-eminence in Rome and elsewhere, and singularly helped encourage the so-called Bolognese School of the late 16th century, which included Albani, Guercino, Sacchi, Reni, Lanfranco and Domenichino. The Carracci had their apprentices draw studies focused on observation of nature and natural poses, and use a bold scale in drawing figures. Two of Ludovico's main pupils were Giacomo Cavedone and Francesco Camullo.

Restitution
In 2009, Carracci's painting of St. Jerome (c. 1595) was restituted to the heirs of Max Stern, a German Jewish art dealer persecuted and looted by the Nazis

title: Ludovico Carracci


text:
Ashra

Ashra may refer to:

 * Ashra (band), a proto-trance group founded by Manuel Gottsching in 1976
 * Ashra (All-sky Survey High Resolution Air-shower detector), a project of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research

title: Ashra


text:
Talk:French Revolution of 1848

This has litte to do
So someone decided that he would add some stuff about Michael Payne's attempt to reform the Edict of Nantes, but then added, in the same sentence, "but this has litte to do with the French Revolution of 1848." Um, what? If it has little to do, it's probably not a useful edit in the first place, seeing as the topic is the blah blah blah. So, um, maybe someone should check that out.

TVTMaster (talk) 18:21, 7 February 2009 (UTC)

1 question ftom class 9. What was the february revolution of 1848 in europe? Arhita ghosl (talk) 18:08, 18 April 2017 (UTC)

A lot of work
oh my god this needs work: "A banquet was planned for some reason, and other people were going to crash it, but this didn't happen for some reason, so the government didn't fall. The banquet was planned for Paris's 12th arrondissement on the restive Left Bank. It was, however, moved to the right bank with a price increase, first set for Sunday, February 20, 1848, then moved to the next Tuesday. This was so the working people, surrounded by walls, could not watch. The planned crashing of this party was canceled. Law and order would prevail, though the students prepared for battle with firearms. Still, nothing happened that Tuesday. But revolution was inevitable."

i realy appreciate someone writing articles about this, i had never heard of it before.

however, this article needs a lot of work. first of all, you never actually say what the revolution was.

you need to come out of the academic tower for a few weeks and talk with ordinary people for a while. this article is as bad as some of the computer science articles.

Yeah. Wow. I haven't seen something so lame that still managed to be spelled right.Figureground 22:04, 17 October 2006 (UTC)

Well, I just deleted the whole "banquet" paragraph. It seemed kind of incidental, assuming that the poorly-written account of the non-event was accurate. If somebody who knows how to write Wikipedia prose also knows about the incident and deems it worthy of mention, be my guest...otherwise, please don't restore that embarrassing paragraph!

A bit breathless for an encyclopedia, no?

quite, and also at wide variance from other sources, i.e. the number of deaths in the June Days uprising pegged at 10% of that in "A History of the Modern World Since 1815" (volume2) R. R. Palmer ISBN: 0072502827 Published: McGraw-Hill College

 * I just did a major edit of this page, specifically under the "Second republic". There is still a good amount that needs to be done and I'm sorry for leaving it in such a state. I was honestly very alarmed when I saw this article in it's previous state...indeed quite "breathless" as an earlier post aptly said...I hope that this helps. A lot of details are missing, and the "counter-revolution" still needs to be fixed. I feel bad for leaving it as-is, but don't have time to fix the rest.

-Restheo
 * Update: I just finished my edit. I'm certainly not the end-all source for information on the French revolution of 1848, so I really, desperately hope that someone else picks this up...

-Restheo

Omnibusses
there were no omnibusses in 1848. That is the dumbest thing i have ever heard. The first car was made in 1902ish. how could omnibusses be used as baracades in the mide 1840's. its obsurd.

 * In this context an omnibus is a large bus-like public transport vehicle pulled by horses. 141.155.77.150

 * An Omnibus is any wheeled vehicle for collective transporting, motorized or pulled by horses or any animal traction. It is correct in this context, as said in the previous comment.

Cleanup for this page
I don't think this article is too lofty in its wording or content. It does need some grammar and clarity cleanup however. Overall though, very informative.

Les Miserables
I don't think Les Miserables is based on the 1848 revolution - the uprising in the novel happened in 1832, I think

Requested move
Article was created as part of larger series Revolutions of 1848 but the article itself is about the Feburary Revolution in France - TheMightyQuill (talk) 20:47, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Support Unfortunate that February Revolution is ambiguous, with February 1917. (Would the closer please add a dab header there?) The proposed move target is the second best choice. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 20:59, 26 November 2007 (UTC)

PAGE MOVED per request and discussion. I also fixed the dablink and the various redirects. Cheers. -GTBacchus(talk) 19:38, 2 December 2007 (UTC)

Marxist analysis
I think the obvious Marxist analysis present in this article violates NPOV policy. After all, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are quoted over 10 times in this piece, which repeatedly speaks of class struggle and class politics. There's nothing wrong with quoting Marx, but to do so over and over and without putting it into a more modern, post-Soviet context is arguably problematic. The French Revolution of 1848 was an important event, and so it needs to be covered from more than just one point of view. 76.67.164.4 (talk) 07:14, 24 July 2011 (UTC)

Look at these sources :

 * 10.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Volume 10, p. 48.
 * 11.^ Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10 p. 48.
 * 12.^ "The Reform Movement in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 6 p. 380.
 * 14.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 54.
 * 16.^ Heinrich Gemkow et al., Frederick Engels: A Biography (Verlag Zeitim Bild: Dresden, 1972) p. 131.
 * 17.^ These articles are contained at pages 375, 385, 393, 396, 406 and 409, respectively in Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Volume 6.
 * 18.^ "Revolution in Paris" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 6, p. 556.
 * 21.^ Marxists.org. Glossary: France
 * 22.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 75.
 * 27.^ Note 117 contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 8, p. 552.
 * 28.^ Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 88.
 * 29.^ Note 53 contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 650.
 * 30.^ "The 23rd ofJune" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 7, p. 130.
 * 31.^ "The 23rd of June" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Volume 7, p. 130.
 * 32.^ "The June Revolution: The Course of the Paris Uprising" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, pp. 160–164.
 * 33.^ "The June Revolution: The Course of the Paris Uprising" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 7, p. 161.
 * 35.^ "The June Revolution" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 7, p. 160.
 * 37.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and "Frederick Engels: Volume 10 p. 74.
 * 38.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10 p. 75.
 * 39.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10 p. 75.
 * 40.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10 pp. 75–76.
 * 41.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 74.
 * 42.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10 p. 75.
 * 43.^ "the Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 11, p. 103.
 * 44.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 81.
 * 45.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 81.
 * 46.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 80.
 * 47.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 80.
 * 48.^ :Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 80.
 * 49.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 80.
 * 50.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 77.
 * 51.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10 p. 79.
 * 52.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 77.
 * 53.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, pp. 77–78.
 * 54.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 79
 * 55.^ "Class Struggles in France" contained in the Collected Works of Karl marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10, p. 79.

Third French Revolution
I’m French and I’ve never once heard this one called the “Third French Revolution”. We do number our republics, but not our revolutions. (I suppose the “Second” one is the 1830 one.) I would remove this mention from the lead sentence, but I’d rather ask if anyone has can prove that this is actually used, or if it is used in English. Google’s fourth result actually reads: “If it did work, it might have been called the Third French Revolution.”

This could be replaced by “February Revolution (révolution de Février)”, which is more rare, probably due to the possible confusion with the 1917 Russian one, but does exist. 85.69.140.228 (talk) 12:05, 14 March 2013 (UTC)

europe 19 century
What was the impact of the february revolution of 1848 in europe? Arhita ghosl (talk) 18:12, 18 April 2017 (UTC)

Marxist point of view
I've noticed that the Marxist point of view is definitely the most prevalent in the article. I therefere took liberty to add Bastiat's point of view to balance the tone. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Emil Petecki (talk • contribs) 12:01, 17 July 2017 (UTC)

But now it's almost entirely Bastiat and not marxist at all. So the balance has shifted the other way. 72.87.54.194 (talk) 19:42, 30 March 2018 (UTC)

Aviary Attorney - 1848 Revolution Reference in Popular Culture
Aviary Attorney is a visual novel available on Steam about the 1848 revolution: it culminates in the exile of Louis Philippe, the "Citizen King." It isn't "literature" per se but perhaps that section should be renamed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.203.0.188 (talk) 00:17, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

"French revolution (1748)" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect French revolution (1748). The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 February 17 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 19:49, 17 February 2021 (UTC)

"French Revolution (1748)" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect French Revolution (1748). The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2021 February 17 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Shhhnotsoloud (talk) 19:53, 17 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:French Revolution of 1848


text:
Candoni

Candoni, officially the Municipality of Candoni (Banwa sang Candoni; Lungsod sa Candoni; Bayan ng Candoni), formerly known as Tabla Valley, is a 4th class municipality in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 23,751 people, making it the least populated municipality in the province.

Etymology
Candoni was derived from the native phrase Kan Dune, which translates to "belonging to Dune", a legendary beautiful maiden named Dionesia who committed suicide after being forced by her parents to marry a man she did not love.

History
Formerly a barrio of the Municipality of Cauayan, Candoni started as the center of the Tabla Valley Settlement founded in 1935 by Santiago H. Diego, a prominent man from the Municipality of Isabela. He led a group of settlers with a pioneering spirit and prompted by the desire to have a piece of land they could call their own. Pooling their resources and organizing themselves into a cooperative they called Tablenos, the settlers started clearing the valley starting from where the town is now located. They toiled the forests enduring hardships, but many of them died of malaria.

Their efforts were noticed by the Provincial Government who supported them, starting with Gov. Emilio Gaston to Gov. Valenciano Gatuslao, who along with then Speaker Gil Montilla, helped them appeal to President Manuel Roxas in Malacanang for tangible government aid, which came in the form of the road from Dancalan, Ilog to Candoni, following the trail blazed by the Tablenos.

Candoni was finally declared a municipality on August 22, 1958, through Executive Order No. 314 signed by President Carlos P. Garcia. It was inaugurated on August 12, 1961, with Benjamin R. Nava as its first acting mayor.

Recent history of Candoni again showed its people's struggle, this time, against the turmoils brought about by the insurgency problem. Fed up with being caught in the crossfire of battles between rebels and government forces, the people of Sitio Cantomanyog in Barangay Haba of the town declared their area as a "Zone of Peace", the first in the country ever to be declared as such by the residents composed of some 40 families, and this policy is respected by both rebels and government troops.

Geography
Candoni is located 130 km south-south-west of the provincial capital, Bacolod. It is approximately four hour drive from Bacolod City aboard a public utility vehicle and about two hours and 45 minutes on a private car. From Bacolod City, buses are available at Bacolod South Terminal. From Kabankalan City, one can take the public utility jeepneys or buses going to this town. Candoni is the third town with highest elevation in Negros Occidental after Salvador Benedicto and San Carlos City.

Barangays
Candoni is politically subdivided into 9 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

As of 2015, Candoni has a total population of 21,789 and its registered voting population (as of 2015) is 12,449.

Economy
Candoni is a fourth class municipality. It is a hinterland town and heavily dependent on agriculture, its main products are sugarcane, rice, corn and coffee. Candoni posted more than 200% rice sufficiency for 2017 and 2018.

Financial
Source: Commission on Audit of the Philippines

^ Among 1,489 municipalities in 2015 - 2016 and 1,488 in 2017 based on Net Assets.

^^ Among 19 municipalities based on Net Assets.

Tourism
Candoni have the following tourism sites:
 * Sitio Cantomanyog Zone of Peace, Barangay Haba
 * Hinarap Falls, Barangay Agboy
 * Pineapple Farm, Barangay Gatuslao
 * Twin Cave, Barangay West
 * Kennington Hill Nature Park, Brgy West and Gatuslao
 * Mount Tahutay, Barangay Caningay
 * Shang Spring Resort, Barangay East
 * Tigmaya-Paco Road

Zone of Peace

The Sitio of Cantomanyog in Barangay Haba was the first Zone of Peace in the Philippines. Peace Zone culture is so influential that the people of Cantomanyog were able to produce cultural products therefrom like oral history of Cantomanyog, poetry and music to the extent that it inspired a cluster of communities to do same.

The first skirmish between the NPA and the military happened in Southern Negros in September 1971. With the information that the NPA had a base in the towns of Candoni and Kabankalan, the military immediately sent troops in the said area to hunt down the rebels. The NPA's popularity in the hinterlands of Southern Negros, where government was seldom seen and felt, could be explained by its ability to dispense swift, revolutionary justice and maintain order in the community. On April 18, 1989, an undetermined number of NPA guerillas launched a surprise attack on the 7th IB, Alpha Company Detachment at Caningay, Candoni. The Caningay raid was one of the NPA's most daring attacks on a military outpost in Candoni.

In 1989, on the island of Negros, because of the inhuman conditions in the evacuation centers, nearly 300 persons - most of them were children - died from malnutrition and measles as the result of the U.S.-organized bombing raid, "Operation Thunderbolt" in the municipalities of Candoni, Hino–baan, Ilog, Cauayan, Kabankalan and Sipalay popularly referred to as the CHICKS area. The people of Cantomanyog began to ask themselves, "Why is this war happening here?"

In November 1989, the Area Core Group leaders of the Gagmay'ng Kristiyanong Katilingban of Cantomanyog (GKK) or the Basic Ecclesial Community of Cantomanyog (BEC) after their usual panimbahon (community prayer meeting) discussed the peace zone concept. On December 4, 1989, the Basic Christian Community of Cantomanyog gathered for a General assembly wherein a Resolution to Establish the Zone of Peace was read, passed and approved. Their simple declaration was delivered to both the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the New People's Army. The NPA and the AFP respected the Zone of Peace.

On February 16, 1990, during a worship service and Eucharist, Natividad Epalan, a community leader holding her two-year-old child, read a statement declaring the village of Cantomanyog to be the first "zone of peace" in the Philippines.

 * "Our village is open to everyone whose intentions are good," she read. "We wish to be free of the danger of weapons of war and death…Therefore, whoever enters this zone of peace should not bring any guns with them."

On 25 May 1993, Senator Rodolfo G. Biazon sponsored a resolution passed by the Senate as Resolution No. 435 urging the Executive Department for the declaration of Cantomanyog and the other six Peace Zones as Special Development Areas. President Ramos, consequently and in cognizance to the Comprehensive Peace Policy, recognized the legitimacy of the said Peace Zones and further declared them as Special Development Areas (SDAs). Each of the seven SDAs was allocated P5,000,000.00 for community development projects through the then National Program for Unification and Development Council now part of the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process under the Office of the President.

Sit-an Cave
Sit-an Cave is a natural marvel that extends about one hundred fifty meters from its entrance to its hindmost part which resembles a church-like cavern with cool natural pool with overflowing water ranging from knee-high to waistline depth that forms an underground stream running along the columns of stalactites that hung like a pendant from its roof.

Festivals
The Dinagyaw sa Tablas Festival is the annual town fiesta happen every February 7–11 and it is also called Feast of Our Lady of Lourdes. The Dinagyaw sa Tablas Festival aims to project and manifest the spirit of cooperation exerted by the Tablenos when they trail blazed the wilderness of the Tabla Velley and established the Tabla Valley settlement that became the predecessor of Candoni.

Dinagyaw came from the word dagyaw a Hiligaynon term which means a group of people helping each other to perform a specific task.

Aside from the annual town fiesta, Candonians also enjoy from multiple Barangay and community fiestas whole year-round.

Education
Candoni has only one school district, District of Candoni. There are 18 public elementary schools, 3 public secondary schools and 1 private secondary school. During the school year 2015–2016, there are 4,335 elementary pupils, 1,271 public high school students and more or less 500 private high school students.

High school
There are also two (2) Annex High School Campuses, the Gatuslao Campus under Quirico G. Manzano Memorial NHS and the Payauan Campus under Caningay NHS.

Tertiary
The Municipal Government of Candoni and Negros Occidental State College of Agriculture (NESCA), now Central Philippines State University (CPSU) entered into a Memorandum of Agreement to install a tertiary school campus. The Central Philippine State University, Candoni Campus currently offers four (4) 4-year course Programs such as Bachelor in Animal Science, Bachelor in Elementary Education, Bachelor in Secondary Education, Bachelor of Science in Agriculture.

Notable personalities

 * Leopoldo Serantes – competed at the 1988 Seoul Olympics in the Light Flyweight (-48 kg) division winning the bronze medal
 * Romel Oliveros – a super flyweight national boxer
 * Elisheba Etabag Manzano – 2007 Gold Medal (Top 1) – Highest Achievement Award for Certified Internal Auditor exam.
 * Mary Grace Baloyo – was a First lieutenant in the Philippine Air Force who posthumously received the Philippines' highest military award for courage - the Medal of Valor

title: Candoni