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Bruce Beetham

Bruce Craig Beetham (16 February 1936 – 3 May 1997) was an academic and politician from New Zealand, whose career spanned the 1970s and early 1980s.

A lecturer at Hamilton's University of Waikato and at the Hamilton Teachers' Training College, he was elected leader of the Social Credit Political League (which he had joined in 1969) in 1972, at a time when the party was in disarray and many were questioning its chances of survival. A brilliant organiser and an electrifying speaker, Beetham succeeded in rebuilding the party, and by the late 1970s it was challenging the stranglehold on the two-party system of the long-dominant National and Labour parties.

Early life and career
Born in New Plymouth on 16 February 1936, he was the son of Stanley Develle Beetham (a carpenter) and his wife Frances Agnes Amy Watts. Beetham attended New Plymouth Boys' High School from 1951 to 1955. He then went on to the Auckland Secondary Teachers College where he eventually acquired a BA (honours) in History and later an MA. He worked as a secondary school teacher and worked in New Plymouth, Taupō and Piopio before lecturing at Hamilton Teachers' College. The Beetham family were Anglican but he instead joined a Presbyterian bible class and prior to training as a teacher he gave serious consideration to entering the ministry.

Beetham married Raewyn Natalee Mitchell, a dental nurse, on 21 August 1965 in Matamata. The two settled in Hamilton and had three sons and one daughter.

Beetham joined the then Social Credit Political League, during the 1969 general election campaign, after attending a talk by Don Bethune the Social Credit candidate for Hamilton West. Later, Beetham was elected as one of the vice presidents of the party in 1971. Also in 1971 he ran his first election campaign, an unsuccessful attempt for a position as a Hamilton City Councillor. His rapid rise in the Social Credit ranks was complete when he was elected Leader in 1972. At 36 he became the youngest leader of a political party in New Zealand's history. He presided over Social Credit's 1972 and 1975 election campaigns, in which they failed to get any members elected.

Mayor of Hamilton
In 1976, Beetham was elected Mayor of Hamilton in a by-election to replace Mike Minogue, who had resigned to take up a seat in Parliament. One of his early ideas as Mayor was to finance municipal projects with interest-free "rates vouchers", but the council, dominated by his opponents, passed a 20 percent rates increase instead. His frustrations caused by political gridlock, as well as the difficulty of simultaneously leading a national political party while serving as a Mayor (a post generally expected to be apolitical in New Zealand), were factors in his decision not to seek a second term as Mayor in 1977. Ross Jansen succeeded him.

Member of Parliament
On 18 February 1978, Beetham won election to Parliament in a by-election for the Rangitikei electorate, to fill a vacancy caused by the death of its long-time member, the Parliamentary Speaker, Sir Roy Jack. He retained the seat in the general election later that year, and the Social Credit Political League polled 16 percent of the vote nationwide, its best result to date. His marriage to Raewyn had ended in 1978, with her remaining in Hamilton with the children. They divorced in 1980. Later that same year, Beetham married Beverley May Clark (née Morrison), who had two sons from her previous marriage, and came from a Social Credit family. Soon after the Beetham's moved to the outskirts of Marton. Beverley was an interior decorator by profession, who helped sharpen Beetham's style and dress sense.

In the 1981 election, the party polled just over 20 percent – the best showing for a third party since the 1920s, but fell short of its goal of holding the balance of power; its support was too evenly spread to translate into more than a couple of seats under the First-past-the-post electoral system in use at that time. The party, and Beetham himself, strongly promoted a form of proportional representation, but this was not adopted till many years later. However this saw the addition of Gary Knapp as a second Social Credit MP, meaning the party could make more of an impact inside Parliament itself.

In May 1982 National Party Prime Minister Robert Muldoon announced plans to build the controversial Clyde Dam (part of Think Big), but faced backbench dissidents voting against it. Initially opposed to the dam, Beetham and Knapp visited the dam site in Otago and reconsidered their stance. Social Credit agreed to vote for the necessary legislation in return for policy concessions from National. However, Muldoon did not deliver on most of his pledges which made Beetham and Knapp look naïve. The affair caused considerable damage to Social Credit's popularity.

In line with his party's policies, Beetham attempted to organise a barter trade deal with Fiji. Prime Minister Robert Muldoon vetoed the deal.

A number of factors resulted in a sharp drop in support for the Social Credit Party in the general election of 1984. One of these factors was Beetham's ill health. A major heart attack in 1983 curtailed his activities for much of that year and early 1984, and his disappearance from the public view made it possible for a new political party, the New Zealand Party (founded by millionaire businessman Bob Jones) to fill the vacuum. This party succeeded in attracting much of the protest vote that Social Credit had previously enjoyed. Another major factor was Beetham's earlier support for the construction of the Clyde Dam, which was strongly opposed by Social Credit's rank and file with many supporters accusing him of betrayal.

Beetham lost his Rangitikei seat in, mainly because of electoral boundary changes; suspicions have lingered since that the redistribution may have been politically motivated (Gerrymandering). The redrawing of electoral boundaries that year saw his home town of Marton excluded from the Rangitikei electorate.

After losing his seat in Parliament, Beetham considered resigning as Social Credit leader but was persuaded to stay on after being offered a full-time salary to do so. He was then asked to stand in the seat at a by-election in June 1985. Beetham did not rule out standing, but inferred it unlikely and would do so only if Social Credit's previous candidate in the seat was unwilling to stand again. He did not stand after Lynley Simmons, who had been Social Credit's candidate for Timaru in 1981 and 1984, agreed to be the candidate. Out of parliament, his health improved but the party's popularity continued to decline. In 1985 Social Credit rebranded itself as the New Zealand Democratic Party, a move Beetham had little enthusiasm for. Internal dissent began to set in and Knapp tried to convince Beetham to stand aside as leader. Beetham refused to resign and Knapp resigned as deputy leader in protest.

Political twilight
In 1986, Beetham lost the leadership of the party to Neil Morrison who had been elected an MP in 1984. The new leader, on the night he was elected, implied in a TV interview that the Social Credit national dividend policy was out of date and would be dropped. This was in response to a question from the interviewer, which he might not have listened to carefully. The next day Mr Beetham said he was considering resigning because the new leadership was rejecting basic Social Credit philosophy. This promoted Morrison to publicly retract his comments, and affirm that of course the national dividend would be retained as an important part of Social Credit policy. In 1988, in response to the abandonment of the party's old name and policy platforms, he formed and led Social Credit-NZ which less of a political party but more of a pressure group organisation dedicated to furthering Social Credit monetary aims and financial principles. He was chairman of the organisation until 1995.

Beetham remained active in politics despite losing the leadership. He contested his old seat under the party's new name in 1987; in 1990 he broke away from the Democrats and assumed leadership of a new party, under the old Social Credit banner and stood in Palmerston North instead of Rangitikei. In 1992, he attempted to put together a coalition of centrist parties, the New Zealand Centre Coalition, but was overtaken by the course of events as numerous new parties were formed around that time and crowded out the political spectrum.

His last electoral campaign was in 1996 as an independent candidate for his old Rangitikei electorate. Although placed fifth, he received almost 3,400 votes, which is a reasonable result for an independent.

Local politics
Following the loss of his seat in Parliament, Beetham devoted his energies to local government. In 1986 he was elected as a member of the Marton Borough Council, and was also deputy mayor, until 1989. He represented Rangitikei on the Wanganui Hospital Board (later renamed Manawatu-Wanganui Area Health Board) from 1986 to 1991. He was also elected the representative for Rangitikei on the Manawatu-Wanganui Regional Council in 1989 (where he chaired the council's Resources and Policy Committee) and remained a member until his death.

Beetham was also a member of the Massey University Council, chairman of the board of the Palmerston North College of Education and an executive member of the New Zealand Council for Teacher Education.

Death
Beetham died of heart failure in 1997 at the age of 61 in Palmerston North Hospital. He had been in hospital for nearly two weeks after an angina attack. He was survived by his wife, Beverley, four children and two stepsons. His death also necessitated a by-election for the Manawatu-Wanganui Regional Council. His funeral service was held at St Stephen's Anglican Church in Marton and attracted 450 mourners who were asked to pray for monetary reform.

Political positions
Beetham was known as a liberal on human rights, a conservative on moral and social issues, and a pragmatist on economic matters. His humanistic approach has been attributed to his childhood admiration of Labour Party Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage, while growing up in the Great Depression. He disliked confrontation, preferring to work for consensus in decision-making. Beetham was opposed to abortion, adhering to Social Credit's traditional conservatism on social issues.

Honours and awards
In 1977, Beetham was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal. In the 1988 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for public services, and in 1990 he was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal.

title: Bruce Beetham


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Ibaraki, Ibaraki

Ibaraki (茨城町) is a town located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 31,596 in 12,052 households and a population density of 260 PD/km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 34.9%. The total area of the town is 121.58 km2.

Geography
Located in central Ibaraki Prefecture, south of prefectural capital of Mito, Ibaraki is located in the flatlands near the Pacific Ocean, and almost encompasses Lake Hinuma, the 30th largest body of freshwater in Japan.

Surrounding municipalities
Ibaraki Prefecture
 * Mito
 * Omitama
 * Kasama
 * Hokota
 * Ōarai

Climate
Ibaraki has a humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cold winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Ibaraki is 13.9 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1367 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.7 °C, and lowest in January, at around 3.1 °C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Ibaraki has remained relatively steadily for the past 40 years.

History
The villages of Nagaoka, Kawane, Kaminoai and Ishizaki were created within Higashiibaraki District and the village of Numasaki was created within Kashima District with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. Nagaoka was elevated to town status on February 11, 1955 and merged with Kawane and Kaminoai to form the town of Ibaraki the same day. Ibaraki annexed neighboring Ishizaki on March 5, 1958. The town was set to merge with Mito, on December 8, 2007, but following the election of a new mayor in April 2007, these plans were abandoned.

Government
Ibaraki has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 16 members. Ibaraki, together with neighboring Hokota and Ōarai, contributes two members to the Ibaraki Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Ibaraki 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
The economy of Ibaraki is primarily agricultural.

Education

 * Ibaraki has four public elementary schools and two public middle schools operated by the town government, and one public high school operated by the Ibaraki Prefectural Board of Education.

Railway

 * Ibaraki does not have any passenger train service.

Highway

 * – Ibarakimachi-Nishi Interchange, Ibarakimachi Junction, Ibarakimachi-Higashi Interchange
 * – Ibaraki Kuko Kita Interchange, Ibarakimachi Interchange

Local attractions

 * Hinuma Hydrangea Festival
 * Ibaraki Festival

Noted people from Ibaraki

 * Hideaki Tomiyama, Olympic gold medalist in wrestling
 * Kami, drummer of Malice Mizer

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ibaraki, Ibaraki


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William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot

William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot, PC (16 May 1710 – 27 April 1782), styled as Lord Talbot from 1737 to 1761, was an English peer and Whig politician. Talbot was a notable figure among opposition Whig politicians during the reign of King George II before later coming to Court during the reign of his grandson, taking the office of Lord Steward of the Household.

Early life and education
Talbot was born in Worcester as the eldest surviving son of Charles Talbot, later Baron Talbot and Cecil Matthew (died 1720), daughter of Charles Matthew of Castell y Mynach, Glamorganshire. The second of five sons born to the future Baron Talbot, Talbot was educated at Eton from 1725 to 1728 and matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford on 23 January 1727, before attending Lincoln's Inn in 1728. He was created DCL (Doctor of Civil Law) on 12 June 1736. In March 1734 Talbot as elected a trustee of the Georgia Society which he would remained associated with until March 1738.

Politics
Talbot was elected as a Member of Parliament for Glamorganshire at the 1734 general election where he succeeded outgoing Tory MP Sir Charles Kemeys. The constituency had been hitherto dominated by an alliance of three Tory peers, the Duke of Beaufort, Lord Mansel and Lord Windsor. The Mansels had dominated the seat for around forty-years until 1712 when the seat was won by a succession of two local Tory squires. Talbot stood as a Whig on the interest of his father against Bussy Mansel for the local Tories, who was noted for having a miserly disposition and a considerable fortune. Talbot narrowly won the seat over Mansel, thus being the first Whig to represent the county seat in the duration of the Hanoverian succession. In the House of Commons Talbot aligned with the Opposition Whigs under William Pulteney and was opposed to Robert Walpole and his ministry.

Talbot considered himself to be a 'real Whig' and was fairly independent in his politics, associating with other Independent Whigs such as Sir Francis Dashwood, Earl Stanhope and Lord Strange, the former two being noted as close associates and friends of Talbot. These 'real Whigs' promoted a political stance of 'independency' which endorsed Country principles of opposing the Septennial Act, nepotism, corruption and a large standing-army, while promoting the militia system, place bills to restrict officeholders in Parliament and general measures to limit the hold of governments over the House of Commons. On these matters these Independents were broad in agreement with the Tories in opposition who they sought to differentiate themselves from through writings and semantics. Talbot expressed his political creed in a 1734 letter to Sir John Dutton where Talbot expressed:

"I wish the nominal distinction of Whig and Tory abolished, as the words only, not the sense remain; a Ministerial Whig and a State Tory, when in power, are so exactly alike in their conduct, that my discernment is not sufficient to distinguish one from the other. The principles of a real Whig, in my sense of the term, are these, That government is an original compact between the governors and governed, instituted for the good of the whole community; that in a limited monarchy, or more properly regal commonwealth, the majesty is in the people, and tho'the person on the throne in superior to any individual, he is the servant of the nation;- that the only title to the crown is the election of the people; that the laws are equally obligatory to the Prince and people; that as the constitution of England is formed of three legislation branches, the balance between each must be preserved, to prevent the destruction of the whole; that elections ought to be free, the elected independent;- that a Parliamentary influence by places and pensions is inconsistent with the interest of the public; and that a Minister who endeavours to govern by corruption, is guilty of the vilest attempt to subvert the constitution;- that a standing mercenary army, in time of peace, is contrary to the laws, dangerous to the liberties, and oppressive to the subjects of Great Britain."

In the Commons Talbot was an opponent of the Court Whig administration, supporting the efforts of Tory Sir William Wyndham against the Walpole government to appoint a committee to examine the ordinance of the navy. In February 1737 Talbot vacated his seat in the House of Commons upon the death of his father, becoming Baron Talbot. Talbot for a year from March 1737 served as a common councillor within the Georgia Society, which he resigned from in 1738 after refusing to sign two applications to the Government from the society due to his strong opposition to Walpole. Despite having been deprived of his seat in the Commons, Talbot remained a notable figure within opposition circles as one of the opposition Independent Whigs. In 1747 along with Dashwood, Talbot met with Frederick, Prince of Wales who authorised the two Independent politicians to engage in careful negotiations to form a unified parliamentary opposition of Leicester House, grumbletonian Whigs and the Tories. After months of negotiations an opposition programme was agreed with Dashwood and Talbot remaining among Frederick's steadiest adherents and supporters until his death in 1751. Talbot was among those who coalesced with Frederick's agent Bubb Dodington and was promised a place in a future administration as master of the jewel office. Talbot remained an opponent of subsequent Whig administrations including that of the Duke of Newcastle which he objected to on constitutional principles and not out of want for office.

At the accession of George III in 1760, Talbot acted as Lord High Steward of the new monarch's coronation and was summarily appointed to the Privy Council in 1761. On 19 March 1761 Talbot was created Earl Talbot and was made by Lord Bute Lord Steward of the Household, a position he would hold until his death. That January he had taken command of the newly embodied Glamorgan Militia. Talbot, much like his friend Dashwood, accepted office not out of a personal friendship or political alliance with Bute, but because they were of the opinion that the new monarch was different from his predecessor and that the new reign would reflect this shift. Thereafter Talbot's politics seem to have aligned with those of the Court with him maintaining his household position for the remainder of his life while largely remaining uninvolved with the political questions of the day. One exception to this was with the public hostility to Dashwood cider excise in 1763 when Lord Egremont begged Talbot to attend a Glamorgan county meeting 'to blast the intended opposition' to local opposition figures who pledged to repeal the excise. In autumn 1763 Talbot was among the political figures consulted by George Grenville on how best to court and appease the mainly ex-Tory Independent Country Gentlemen in the Commons, who occasionally held the parliamentary balance of power.

Family
Talbot had married Mary, daughter and heir of Adam de Cardonnel, secretary to the Duke of Marlborough, on 21 February 1733, at St George, Hanover Square. With his wife Talbot had two children, a daughter, Cecil, and a son, who predeceased him. He had an affair with Frances Somerset, Duchess of Beaufort (born 14 August 1711 – died 16 February 1750), wife of Henry Scudamore-Somerset, 3rd Duke of Beaufort which led to the Beauforts' divorce in 1743. Talbot and his wife had separated as a result of this in 1742. On Talbot's character, Horace Walpole, as quoted by Eveline Cruickshanks, wrote of him:

"This Lord had long affected a very free-spoken kind of patriotism on all occasions. He had some wit, and a little tincture of a disordered understanding; but was better known as a boxer and man of pleasure, than in the light of a statesman. The Duchess of——had been publicly divorced from her lord on his account; and was not the only woman of fashion who had lived with him openly as his mistress. He was strong, well made, and very comely; but with no air, nor with the manners of a man of quality. No wonder the promotion of such a minister, in a reign that advertised piety, strengthened the suspicions already entertained of the sincerity of the Court. It grew more comic still, when the new statesman appeared to be a reformer too."

Talbot had no surviving sons by the end of his life which necessitated him being created Baron Dynevor of Dynevor in the county of Carmarthen on 17 October 1780, with a special remainder in favour of daughter Cecil, and the heirs male of her body. Mary Anne Talbot claimed to be one of sixteen illegitimate children of Lord Talbot.

Talbot died 27 April 1782 at Lincoln's Inn Fields and was buried at St Nicholas Church in Sutton. At his death, the earldom became extinct, whilst the barony of Talbot passed to his nephew (and is now part of the earldom of Shrewsbury), and the barony of Dynevor to his daughter and thereafter to her eldest son. She had married George Rice and had two sons, the eldest of which was George Rice, 3rd Baron Dynevor.

title: William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot


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Heritage Minutes

The Heritage Minutes is a series of sixty-second short films, each illustrating an important moment in Canadian history. Published by Historica Canada the Minutes integrate Canadian history, folklore and myths into dramatic storylines. Like the Canada Vignettes of the 1970s, the Minutes themselves have become a part of Canadian culture and been the subject of academic studies as well as parody.

The Minutes were first introduced on March 31, 1991, as part of a one-off history quiz show hosted by Wayne Rostad. Originally distributed to schools, they appeared frequently on Canadian television and in cinemas before feature films, and were later available online and on DVD. "Radio minutes" have also been made. From 1991 to 1995, 50 episodes aired. In 2012, new Minutes were produced in the lead-up to Canada's sesquicentennial (150th anniversary of Canadian Confederation) in 2017.

The Minutes have featured appearances by some of Canada's best-known personalities, including Jared Keeso, Michael Shanks, Calum Worthy, Colm Feore, Dan Aykroyd, and Kate Nelligan. Voice-over end narration for the Heritage Minutes has been provided by such recognizable voices as Peter Mansbridge, k.d. lang, Adrienne Clarkson, and Lloyd Robertson.

Background
The thirteen original short films were broken up and run between shows on CBC Television and the CTV Network. The continued broadcast of the Minutes and the production of new ones was pioneered by Charles Bronfman's CRB Foundation (subsequently The Historica Dominion Institute), Canada Post (with Bell Canada being a later sponsor), Power Broadcasting (the broadcasting arm of the Power Corporation of Canada), and the National Film Board. They were devised, developed, and largely narrated (as well as scripted) by noted Canadian broadcaster Patrick Watson, while the producer of the series was Robert Guy Scully.

In 2009, "The Historica Foundation of Canada" merged with "The Dominion Institute" to become "The Historica-Dominion Institute", a national charitable organization. In September 2013, the organization changed its name to "Historica Canada". While the foundations have not paid networks to air Minutes, in the early years they have paid to have them run in cinema theatres across the country. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) has ruled that Heritage Minutes are an "on-going dramatic series"; each vignette thus counts as ninety-seconds of a station's Canadian content requirements.

The first sets of Heritage Minutes were released in five segments between 1991 and 2000. A set of eight new Heritage Minutes, covering military moments in Canadian history, were released in 2005. In 2012, two new Minutes were created on the War of 1812 in anticipation of the war's bicentenary, and in 2014 two more Minutes were released on John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier that had been filmed in and around Toronto in September 2013. To honour the centenary of the start of World War I two Minutes were released: one on the Winnipeg Falcons in 2014 and one on Canadian Nursing Sisters in early 2015. In September 2015, to commemorate the 35th anniversary of Terry Fox's run to conquer cancer, Historica released a "Minute" on Fox's inspirational run.

February 2016 saw the release of a "Minute" on Viola Desmond, a trailblazing black female entrepreneur from Halifax who spoke out against racial discrimination in Nova Scotia. On June 21, the 20th anniversary of National Aboriginal Day, Historica Canada released two new Minutes. The first tells the story of Chanie "Charlie" Wenjack, whose death sparked the first inquest into the treatment of Indigenous children in Canadian residential schools. The second, Naskumituwin, highlights the making of Treaty 9 from the perspective of historical witness George Spence, an 18-year-old Cree hunter from Albany, James Bay. On October 19, Historica Canada released another Heritage Minute that shows a story about an Inuit artist named Kenojuak Ashevak. It is also the first Heritage minute that is narrated on not just its official languages (English and French) but also a third language, where this Heritage Minute is narrated in Inuktitut.

A 2012 Ipsos Reid poll of 3,900 Canadians selected the five most popular Minutes. Tied for first place were the episodes on Jackie Robinson and the Halifax Explosion, followed by Jennie Kidd Trout, Winnie-the-Pooh and Laura Secord.

List
Of the over 100 "Heritage Minutes" available online, one on Canadian peacekeeping in Cyprus was pulled from broadcast shortly after its 1991 premiere, and was only posted on Historica Canada YouTube channel in 2016, well being omitted from the listing on "Historica Canada" official website. According to The Canadian Encyclopedia published by Historica Canada:

In 2020, three Heritage Minutes were deleted from Historica's website and Youtube channel - Louis Riel (1991), Grey Owl (1999), and Sir John A. Macdonald (2014). Historica told CTV News in 2024 that the removal of the Louis Riel Heritage Minute was due to a lack of consultation with the Métis community at the time of production, and concerns about presenting the Heritage Minute in classrooms, due to it graphically showing the hanging of the Metis Leader. However, the Manitoba Metis Federation stated that Historica had not consulted with them about removing the Heritage Minute and expressed support for the violent reality of the depiction.

Parodies

 * The Canadian sketch comedy shows This Hour Has 22 Minutes, The Rick Mercer Report, Royal Canadian Air Farce, and Rock et Belles Oreilles, have parodied the Heritage Minute format in sketches, or used the format for satire.
 * The Comedy Network has aired short parodies titled "Sacrilege Moments".
 * Canadian rapper Classified parodied the Heritage Minute in his music video for the song "O Canada..."
 * Canadian cartoonist Kate Beaton adapted the Heritage Minute format in a comic about Margaret Trudeau, wife of former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau.
 * In 2007, the Internet comedy group LoadingReadyRun celebrated Canada Day by telling the story of the Heritage Minutes in the format of a Heritage Minute.
 * In the second episode of season 1 of Canada's Drag Race, the main challenge is based on parodying Heritage Minutes as "Her-itage Moments"; the parodied ads were the one on Nellie McClung and the suffragist movement in Manitoba, and the one about Dr. Wilder Penfield's advances in neuroscience research.

title: Heritage Minutes


text: Category:Bridges in Ohio

title: Category:Bridges in Ohio


text:
Ogawa, Ibaraki (Higashiibaraki)

Ogawa (小川町) was a town located in Higashiibaraki District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 19,545 and a density of 310.34 persons per km2. The total area was 62.98 km2.

On March 27, 2006, Ogawa, along with the town of Minori (also from Higashiibaraki District), and the village of Tamari (from Niihari District), was merged to create the city of Omitama.

title: Ogawa, Ibaraki (Higashiibaraki)


text:
Uchihara, Ibaraki

Uchihara (内原町) was a town located in Higashiibaraki District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

On February 1, 2005, Uchihara was merged into the expanded city of Mito and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 14,848 and a density of 357.35 persons per km2. The total area was 41.55 km2.

Near Uchihara, there is perhaps the only electricity pylon in the world under whose legs a road with two lanes runs through. It is part of the powerline from Watari Substation 36.40639°N, 140.41083°W to Kashiwabara Substation 36.21917°N, 140.25417°W and situated at 36.35449°N, 140.37163°W and 45 metres tall.

title: Uchihara, Ibaraki


text: Category:Bridges in Kentucky

title: Category:Bridges in Kentucky


text: Wikipedia:Multilingual ranking/August 2004


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Jōhoku, Ibaraki

Jōhoku (常北町) was a town located in Higashiibaraki District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

On February 1, 2005, Jōhoku, along with the village of Katsura (also from Higashiibaraki District), and the village of Nanakai (from Nishiibaraki District), was merged to create the town of Shirosato and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 13,575 and a density of 259.26 persons per km2. The total area was 52.36 km2.

title: Jōhoku, Ibaraki


text: Category:Cable-stayed bridges

title: Category:Cable-stayed bridges


text:
Katsura, Ibaraki

Katsura (桂村) was a village located in Higashiibaraki District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

On 1 February 2005, Katsura, along with the town of Jōhoku (also from Higashiibaraki District), and the village of Nanakai (from Nishiibaraki District), was merged to create the town of Shirosato and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 6,924 and a density of 149.45 persons per 1 km2. The total area was 46.33 km2.

title: Katsura, Ibaraki


text: Category:Bridges in Missouri

title: Category:Bridges in Missouri


text:
Gozenyama, Ibaraki

Gozen'yama (御前山村) was a village located in Higashiibaraki District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

On October 16, 2004, Gozenyama, along with the town of Yamagata (also from Higashiibaraki District), the town of Ōmiya, and the villages of Miwa and Ogawa (all from Naka District), was merged to create the city of Hitachiōmiya and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 4,319 and a density of 97.30 persons per km2. The total area was 44.39 km2.

title: Gozenyama, Ibaraki


text: Category:Israeli footballers

title: Category:Israeli footballers


text:
Ōarai, Ibaraki

Ōarai (大洗町) is a town located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 15,867 in 6,881 households and a population density of 664 PD/km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 34.0%. The total area of the town is 23.89 km2. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency operates a research center in Ōarai with a number of nuclear research reactors, including the Jōyō and High-temperature engineering test reactor facilities.

Geography
Located on the coast of central Ibaraki Prefecture, Ōarai is located in the flatlands near the Pacific Ocean, and borders Lake Hinuma, the 30th largest body of freshwater in Japan. The Naka River flows through the town. Ōarai and Sun Beach bathing beaches were first to introduce barrier-free bathing beaches for the disabled in Japan.

Surrounding municipalities
Ibaraki Prefecture
 * Mito
 * Hitachinaka
 * Hokota
 * Ibaraki

Climate
Ōarai has a Humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cold winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Ōarai is 14.0 C. The average annual rainfall is 1416 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.4 C, and lowest in January, at around 3.6 C.

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Ōarai has declined steadily over the past 70 years.

History
The villages of Isohama and Ōnuki within Higashiibaraki District and the village of Natsumi within Kashima District were created with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. Ōnuki was elevated to town status on January 26, 1894. Ōnuki and Isohama merged on November 3, 1954 to create the town of Ōarai. A portion of Natsumi was annexed by Ōarai on July 23, 1955.

In 1928, Nisshō Inoue, the founder of the far-right militant organization Ketsumeidan (血盟団), relocated to Ōarai, where he established Risshō Gokokudō (立正護国堂), which served as a youth training center advocating a militarist revolution in Japan, eventually resulting in the 1932 League of Blood Incident.

Since 1998 the chief of a factory association in Oarai has invited Japanese descendants and migrants from North Sulawesi, Indonesia, to work for seafood industries. A majority of the Indonesians inhabitants was later arrested for being undocumented.

Government
Ōarai has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 12 members. Ōarai, together with neighboring Hokota and Ibaraki, contributes two members to the Ibaraki Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Ibaraki 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
The nuclear industry and government largess form the basis of the local economy. Main agricultural products include rice, sweet potatoes and Japanese radish. The commercial fishing industry is important, and main fishery products include whitebait, sardines, flounder and clams. Marine food processing includes salted and dried horse mackerel, smelt and sardines and boiled octopus.

Education

 * Ōarai has two public elementary schools and two public middle schools operated by the town government, and one public high school operated by the Ibaraki Prefectural Board of Education.

Railway
– Kashima Rinkai Railway Ōarai Kashima Line
 * Ōarai Station

Seaport

 * Port of Ōarai (A MOL Ferry operates two ferries to Tomakomai, Hokkaidō daily)

Local attractions
Ōarai attracts 3 million visitors a year. Tourist attractions include bathing beaches, yacht and cruiser marina, marine sports, camping site, fishing, aquarium, and a famous golf course. It is known for its monkfish.
 * Ōarai Beach
 * Aqua World (formerly Ōarai Aquarium)
 * Ōarai Marine Tower
 * Ōarai Sea Museum
 * Ōarai Museum of Art
 * Ōarai Museum of Bakumatsu-Meiji History
 * "Kurumazuka-kofun" and "Kagamizuka-kofun"
 * Oarai Isosaki Shrine

Noted people from Ōarai

 * Kei Igawa. professional baseball player
 * Hiromoto Okubo. professional baseball player
 * Akua Shōma. professional sumo wrestler

Ankou Festival
The Ōarai Ankou Festival is held yearly, since 1996, and features a range of traditional activities.

In popular culture
The city has become an anime pilgrimage location due to being the setting for the popular franchise Girls und Panzer. The main characters of the animated series study in a huge ship originally based in Ōarai. Real locations in the city are depicted faithfully, prompting fans to visit the town and giving a boost to local commerce.

title: Ōarai, Ibaraki


text:
Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre

Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre is a Tibetan Buddhist complex associated with the Karma Kagyu school located at Eskdalemuir, Scotland.

History
Before the present Temple complex was built, Samye Ling centred on just one building, a former hunting lodge called Johnstone House. In 1965 the Johnstone House Trust was formed with the objectives
 * to make available to the public facilities for study and meditation based on Buddhist and other religious teaching leading to mental and spiritual well-being: and to provide guidance for those in need of such help: and in particular the utilisation of the property known as Johnstone House, Eskdalemuir, for such purposes.

Initially the community there was led there by a Canadian Theravada monk named Anandabodhi. When the community declined, Anandabodhi returned to Canada; he was subsequently ordained in the Tibetan Vajrayana tradition and enthroned as Namgyal Rinpoche by the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa.

In 1967 the Johnstone House trustees invited the Tibetan lamas and refugees Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche and Akong Rinpoche to take over. They named the new community "Samye Ling", and were shortly joined by the thangka master-artist Sherab Palden Beru and the monk Samten. Samye refers to the first Buddhist monastic university in Tibet, while Ling means 'Place'.

Trungpa Rinpoche quickly came into conflict with both Akong Rinpoche and the trustees. He drank heavily and slept with his students. He married one of these, a fifteen-year-old girl at the time the relationship began, attracting press attention. By this time he had already allegedly been banished to a nearby house and allegedly divested by the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa of his position as an official representative of the Karma Kagyu lineage. Accounts vary about this supposed event. In 1970 he left for America to form other centres definitively ending his association with Samye Ling, except for a single, brief visit at the end of the 1970s to recover his seals of office, once the Karmapa had agreed to empower him as Vidyādhara, a Holder of the Karma Kagyü Lineage.

For about the decade 1970 onwards Samten, Beru, and Akong Rinpoche together were the main resident Tibetans at the centre. They were joined during 1976 and 1977 by the Mani-pa Lama bLa mChog. During this seminal period of the 1970s, Samye Ling was the main and oldest Tibetan centre in Europe. As such, it received important visits from eminent teachers of many traditions, including first the Kalu Rinpoche (1973 and thereafter), the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa (Nov. 1975 and 12.12.-26.12.1977), Khamtrul Rinpoche, Dilgo Khyense Rinpoche and Urgyen Tulku.

In 1969, musicians David Bowie and Leonard Cohen were students at Samye Ling. In fact Bowie not only studied Buddhism at Samye Ling, he almost became a monk there:

"'I was a terribly earnest Buddhist at the time [...] I had stayed in their monastery and was going through all their exams, and yet I had this feeling that it wasn't right for me. I suddenly realised how close it all was: another month and my head would have been shaved.'"

The centre flourished and developed under the guidance of Akong Rinpoche and his brother Lama Yeshe Losal Rinpoche, who serves as both Abbot and Retreat Master.

Penelope Van Der Have was one of the donors of Rokpa Trust.

Current Trustees include John Maxwell, retired Judge known for his work with the Birmingham Six.

Sean McGovern is the Secretary of Rokpa Trust.

The centre includes one of the first Tibetan temples to be constructed in Western Europe, a large Stupa, and accommodation for those taking a range of courses on Buddhism, meditation, spiritual development and art.

ROKPA trust
The Johnstone House Trust ceased to exist in 1995 and the centre now describes itself as part of the ROKPA trust whose objectives are
 * to promote Buddhism and to foster non-sectarian inter-religious dialogue and understanding. To provide medical care and therapy. To provide education. To relieve poverty.

The ROKPA trust administers a number of other centres and projects worldwide, notably the Holy Island Project which has Buddhist retreat facilities and a centre for world peace and health on Holy Island on the Firth of Clyde and its Overseas Projects on behalf of ROKPA International based in Switzerland.

A ROKPA International project based at Samye Ling to raise funds for the girls school at Kandze Monastery was successful in reaching its target of £9,449. As at 2010 the trust was actively involved in relief efforts following the Yushu earthquake.

In 2008 the total declared income of the ROKPA trust was £2,916,136. The total funds received for Overseas Projects was £294,586 of which £260,361 was disbursed to ROKPA International.

The trust is planning a further expansion of its Samye Ling temple project involving a major multimillion-pound extension which will eventually house a museum, a library, lecture theatres, offices and accommodation. Work began on this in early 2008. It lodged an amendment to the layout of this second phase with the Dumfries and Galloway Council on 18 June 2010.

Preservation of Tibetan art and crafts

Under the guidance of the Tibetan artist Sherab Palden Beru, Samye Ling has also become a centre for the creation, repair and restoration of thangkas, principally in the Karma Gadri style. Since the 1970s Sherab has trained a number of western practitioners in the highly specialised techniques needed to create thangkas. The temple walls are decorated with many examples of the work of both Sherab Palden Beru and his western pupils.

Traditional deity and monumental sculpture and the creation of prayer-wheels are also carried out at the centre under the direction of resident and visiting Tibetan experts. The grounds of the centre feature many examples of their work, such as a statue of Nagarjuna. This latter statue was sculpted by Lama Thubten Kunsal from Tashi Gonsar Gong monastery in Derge, East Tibet. On 12 October 2013 the centre announced that Thubten Kunsal has been named by Chengdu police as one of three individuals suspected of the murders of Akong Rinpoche, co-founder of the centre, and two others in Chengdu, China, on 8 October 2013.

Scottish sensibility
Listed as a tourist attraction by VisitScotland, the centre attracts visitors who come simply to see a spectacular gilded temple, stupas and gardens with statues of Bodhisattvas and Buddhas.

In its early days there was a history of uneasy relations with neighbouring residents, with disputes over planning applications and suspicion about behaviour of residents and visitors. Nevertheless, the centre has come to enjoy cordial relationships with the local community. Many of its original members are now incorporated into that community and its economy, providing much needed support for local concerns such as primary schools. Local leaders such as former MP and Liberal Party leader David Steel are warmly supportive.

In a 2003 interview with the Sri Lanka Daily News Lama Yeshe Losal Rinpoche said that the Scottish Tourist board had told him it was the 10th most visited place in Scotland:
 * "There seems to be something about Tibetan Buddhism which appeals to people in the West, where so many people are disillusioned with the stress and the lack of a spiritual aspect in their lives."

Popular Scottish comedian Billy Connolly often visits Samye Ling.

In 2010 Lama Yeshe Losal designed a Buddhist tartan whose colours represent the five elements in Tibetan cosmogeny:
 * "We are fortunate to be established as part of the Scottish community and wanted a tartan for our Sangha to show how much appreciation we have for the people, culture and tradition of Scotland".


text:
Higashiibaraki District, Ibaraki

Higashiibaraki District (東茨城郡) is a district located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the district has an estimated population of 122,478 and a density of 284 persons per km2. The total area is 431.44 km2.

Towns and villages

 * Ibaraki
 * Ōarai
 * Shirosato

Mergers

 * On October 16, 2004 the town of Ōmiya absorbed the villages of Miwa and Ogawa, all from Naka District; the town of Yamagata, and the village of Gozenyama, in order to turn the town into the current city of Hitachiōmiya.
 * On February 1, 2005 the town of Jōhoku, and village of Katsura merged with the village of Nanakai, from Nishiibaraki District, to form the new town of Shirosato.
 * Also on February 1, 2005 the town of Uchihara merged into the city of Mito.
 * On March 20, 2006 the towns of Ogawa and Minori merged with the village of Tamari, from Niihari District, to form the new city of Omitama.
 * On December 8, 2007 the town of Ibaraki was scheduled to merge into the city of Mito, but those plans were abandoned.

title: Higashiibaraki District, Ibaraki


text: Category:Israeli sportspeople

title: Category:Israeli sportspeople


text:
Minori, Ibaraki

Minori (美野里町) was a town located in Higashiibaraki District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 25,479 and a density of 411.62 persons per km2. The total area was 61.90 km2.

On March 27, 2006, Minori, along with the town of Ogawa (also from Higashiibaraki District), and the village of Tamari (from Niihari District), was merged to create the city of Omitama.

title: Minori, Ibaraki


text:
Talk:Vacaville, California

Assessment
Unbalanced at present. needs more info on transportation, land use, infrastructure, environment. and more references. Anlace 05:43, 25 October 2006 (UTC)

Geography
Neither of the coordinates matches anything politically significant, though the USCB's is close to the Library/Civic Center/Public Works. They must be some estimate of the centroid of the city limits, which would explain the difference since the Census Bureau only keeps simplified polygon data. --belg4mit 18.124.2.224 21:23, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Blather
Hello my name Is Khristine S. Jackson, i am resident in the Richmond area I have lived there for at lease the same amount as my father has served  in California's Vacaville Correctional Medical Facility  which is 10 years. im a minor, but I think I have the rights to state what I feel about the 3 Strikes law!!! I think My father should get out of jail, because I have grieved for years and years thats not the main issue, but also I think he should'nt have to serve 25 years Which is he's sentence for Robbery of the amount of 100 and so dollars. He has served almost all his time and I think by 11 years they should release my dad. Im 14 years old with alot of knowledge to know that it's sad to see my mom a single parent raise 5 children on her on. And to know that my pop is not by her side that's hard to go through. Im weak i've been through alot as a teen I mean alot. Well I would be very happy if our president Bush and Governor Arnold .S would change the 3 strikes law and as well as the State Of California. Im now going to close out by saying thank you very much for reading and I would be very happy if they do so. my father name is fred Leon Jackson, Jr.

Sincerly, KHRISTINE JACKSON August 1, 2004!

Khristine S. Jackson, if your father was imprisoned under the Three strikes law it was not simply because he stole 100 dollars. But because he had committed two felonies prior to his theft of $100.

Perhaps he reasoned that $100 was more important than the 5 children left behind?

At any rate, as the sole external link on the Three strikes law page shows, the usefulness of the three strikes law is in debate. If you really want to make a difference I recommend you use your head. Study, uncover facts. Go to school and enrich yourself as you fight for your father.

The world allows amazing things to those who use their heads.

That is, so long as you can accept the unhappy truth that comes with viewing the world without Bias.

Viewing the world that way is not as easy as it seems.

Issei
I've just removed the phrase "See also: Issei Japanese American" from the text of this article, due to there being absolutely no context. But there's obviously demographic and historic information to be shared here - would someone add it? Jessicapierce 16:12, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

Pages Direction
When did this page go from being an encyclopedia cite to something that looks like the yellow pages. This might just be me but I think that the reason wikipedia is so popular is because it expresses important points about a subject with not a lot of bullshit mixed into it. As this page stands it is not inviting with a plethora of addresses and phone numbers of random things. This cite is for summaries not advertisements. ~A Concerned Resident 69.109.255.158 20:11, May 30, 2007 (UTC)

Education section
It seems a little lengthy. Should another page be created specifically to detail that information? I'm just wondering.Killiondude (talk) 05:20, 18 July 2008 (UTC)

???
"The unincorporated communities of Allendale and Elmira are generally considered to be part of Vacaville."
 * Allendale? Considered part of Vacaville? Come on now people. Allendale is at least 8 miles from Downtown Vacaville. Elmira is easier to consider part of Vacaville because it is within a mile from the city limits. Allendale is way the heck out there. Sigh. This page needs work. I'll get to it at some point. Killiondude (talk) 08:17, 19 December 2008 (UTC)

List of residents
I've again removed the list of "famous" residents of Vacaville. This list is trivia, as it doesn't tell us anything about the city. It's also uncited; there are no references at all given that establish these facts. Mentioning that a person lives (or lived) someplace might be relevant to their biography article, but isn't meaningful information about the city and doesn't belong on the page describing the town. -- Mikeblas (talk) 03:26, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
 * WP:USCITY, while not a policy, it is still a guideline and it states that this sort of section could be included. If you want me to reference it, I will. There have been proposals at WP:CITIES to have these sorts of sections removed, with no consensus found to do so. Killiondude (talk) 03:38, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Ive again removed the list, as it remains unreferenced. I hope you'll reconsider persistently adding it, even with references. Such a list does nothing to describe the city, there's no standard for residency (for how long? when? where?) and your time is better spent on more relevant research. -- Mikeblas (talk) 02:15, 19 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Persistently? Excuse me, but I rolled back one of your edits. Also, you ignored my comment about the WP:USCITY guideline. Killiondude (talk) 05:18, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I unfortunately agree with both of you. I think notables are usually stupid and vacuous. Worse, from my pov, they contain mostly athletes that I've never heard of or band members that I've never heard of.

 * Having said that, they are in all place articles. Only tiny towns are without them. They are standard. If you persist in trying to remove them, you will lose. I did, and now confine myself to ensuring that, at least, the people are all notable (have articles that are not under afd), and I try to get them footnoted to tie them in with the place that is claiming them.

 * Are they stupid? Yes. Are they here to stay? Yes. Please accept reality and allow their inclusion here. Persistence in this will be time-consuming all around and eventually they will be allowed. Student7 (talk) 11:50, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Okay, we now have the best cited notable list in the history of Wikipedia. I've removed some claims that seemed unsupported or exaggerated. Having said that, that "Papa" somebody, who i never heard of before, looks big. But I took him out since I couldn't tie him with Vacaville. The botanist is truly notable along with Markham and one other, even in my opinion, and I am hard to convince. Other athletes appear to have lived here and had notable careers. I hope this takes care of things. Student7 (talk) 12:22, 20 March 2009 (UTC)
 * Nice job of finding those refs! Thanks for your work, I appreciate it. Killiondude (talk) 16:47, 20 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I've marked many of these references Failed verification. The reasons are various; some of the references say the person was born in Vacaville, not that they are Vacaville residents. Edwin Markham's reference says he went to school there. He's dead, so I'm not sure where he's a "resident"; but I don't think going to school for a while in a town qualifies you for any definition of "resident" that's carries enough weight to be meaningful to the article of the city in question. As such, I've removed him from the list completely. I've deleted the reference for Casey Sheehan because that's a self-published blog, which is unacceptable per WP:REF. Cindy Sheehan's article implies she lives there, but doesn't say it; she might do the things she does in Vacaville while actually living in a suburb or neighboring town, and commuting, for example. -- Mikeblas (talk) 23:53, 20 March 2009 (UTC)

 * So Jefferson could not be listed as a "resident" of Monticello? Or Washington as a "resident" of Mount Vernon? I don't know if you have noticed but most famous people tend to be dead, like. Other people have tried to put "former" before the noun. As in "former" president of the United States, George Washington. Want to make sure that everyone knows he is not still president. How thoughtful!

 * One is supposed to WP:AGF of other editors but I am rapidly reaching the end of mine. Oh, and self-publishing blogs are not unacceptable (another bummer IMO). If the author is undoubtedly the author and doesn't repudiate the blhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Vacaville,_California&action=edit&section=8og and if there is not some ulterior motive for living in Vacaville. Not Beverly Hills, or the White House, or Gros Point or anything is it? Why would anyone claim to live there if they didn't? Student7 (talk) 12:13, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

 * After you've finished tidying up here, you might give List of people from Los Angeles a shot. I'm sure that article will profit immensely. Student7 (talk) 12:32, 21 March 2009 (UTC)

 * I'll see if I can have a look at the LA article. While it would be awesome to improve every article all at once, I can't do it. -- Mikeblas (talk) 09:24, 23 March 2009 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure I understand the rhetoric behind your questions about Jefferson and Washington, so I'm not sure how to answer your questions. At the root of it, yes: I don't think Thomas Jefferson deserves a mention in the "Monticello" topic unless he was involved in the government or formation of that city. (Which goes to your rhetoric; sorry, I'm not enough of a historian to know what Jefferson did for Monticello.) Should the "Thomas Jefferson" article mention that he was born there? Sure! WP:SPS makes clear the conditions when a blog is appropriate material for referencing a Wikipedia article; I'm not sure I can figure out why, in this case, you think it is. -- Mikeblas (talk) 09:24, 23 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Soooo ... let me get part of this straight ... just because the person running this page hasn't heard of someone, this makes them a non-celebrity? That's not really how it works. You don't get to play that sort of God card. If they had fame and lived in Vacaville , they should be here. "Dr.Horatio Q.Birdbath"(real name:"A.Purves Pullen"),was a longtime resident of Vacaville , he lived on ( DO NOT List Peoples Addresses!!!) Lovers Lane and was a well known performer at the original Nut Tree.( He did puppet shows & was manager of the Toy Shoppe. ) He was also a member of "Spike Jones & His City Slickers" - appearing on numerous records , a constant voice work artist with Disney ( various birds in "Snow White",various birds in the Enchanted Tiki Room ("Pierre" the parrot most notably.) at Disneyland & Disney World.),and the voice of "Roscoe the Dog" , on the Dr.Don Rose radio show in the 70's & 80's. If that doesn't earn him any respect here , then your standards are far too high! I've added him twice , and seen him removed twice! Harvey J Satan (talk) 20:00, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

???
"The city was not founded in 1852 by Paige Charlene Hall, but by someone who's actually important," —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.83.98.235 (talk) 08:05, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

I know nothing about Vacaville (needed to read this page for a project), but I removed the "actually important" part of the sentence. If the person who did that wants to correct it so that it includes the name of the real founder, that will help the page retain its integrity.Cbflagginc (talk) 15:33, 16 March 2010 (UTC)

Photo is pretty neat but misleading
Pretty impressive camera zoom for the shot shows downtown Sacramento in the distance. In the foreground, the Travis Credit Union, which is in Vacaville, is seen. This is not really downtown Vacaville either. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.129.45.201 (talk) 08:26, 30 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Seriously. That is NOT a "skyline" of Vacaville. Does the person who put that photo in know what a skyline is? I'll be in Vacaville this week and I will get an appropriate picture of Main Street. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.131.132.155 (talk) 18:00, 15 October 2013 (UTC)

Media Reference Section
The Jon Voight film was filmed all over Vacaville, not just Main Street. They did some filming on Peaceful Glenn & Timm Road(s), as well as other areas of Vacaville. Harvey J Satan (talk) 20:09, 27 February 2013 (UTC)

thriving metropolis
I love the caption. "Vacaville skyline" lol its one building User:B137 (talk)

External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,

I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Vacaville, California. Please take a moment to review my edit. You may add after the link to keep me from modifying it, if I keep adding bad data, but formatting bugs should be reported instead. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether, but should be used as a last resort. I made the following changes:
 * Attempted to fix sourcing for http://63.192.157.117/specials/source/pages/vacaville.html

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Sacramento Valley
Hello! A concerned anon ( and  ) objects to the idea that the city lies within the Valley. The USGS highlights Vacaville as being part of the Valley. A look at a terrain map also gives the impression that Vacaville sits on the east of the California Coast Ranges. I think it is fair (and balanced!) to state its membership of the SFBA due to residing in Solano Co. while also stating its geographical ties to Sacramento. To be fair, however, the Sacramento Valley article lacks sources and has no mention of Solano county at all. I think we could agree, however, that portions of Solano County are definitely within the Valley and therefore that article is not wholly complete. Killiondude (talk) 05:01, 30 September 2017 (UTC)
 * I just reverted an edit by . Many people expect some definitive dividing line but different government agencies can have different definitions and geography is different. This is true in many other regions. Metropolitan Transportation Commission and the Association of Bay Area Governments uses entire counties to define the San Francisco Bay Area - "Spanning from the wine country to Silicon Valley, the Bay Area has a population of over 7 million people in nine counties and 101 cities." http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/index.html The Sacramento Valley is a geographical area which does not respect county boundaries. In other words, both statement can be correct at the same time. The question is the best way to describe this. Cheers, Fettlemap (talk) 04:23, 5 December 2017 (UTC)

I would recommend something like "Vacaville is considered to be politically part of the San Francisco Bay Area by various agencies [cites] by virtue of lying within Solano County, but lies geographically within the California Central Valley, as well as the Sacramento River Delta. It is considered part of the Sacramento media market, and for air pollution controls it is part of the Yolo-Solano Air Quality Management District, not the Bay Area Air Quality Management District." — Preceding unsigned comment added by Blicher (talk • contribs) 19:00, 10 March 2019 (UTC)

 * Vacaville is not, and has never been, considered part of the San Francisco Bay Area. Either colloquially or officially by any government agency. The previous comment, "Vacaville is considered to be politically part of the San Francisco Bay Area by various agencies" is both vague and inaccurate." Vacaville is both culturally and geographically outside of the San Francisco Bay Area proper; and few if any who live here would consider it part of the bay. 2601:645:8000:D0E0:0:0:0:BFDA (talk) 22:45, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The sources in the San Francisco Bay Area article disagree with you. Schazjmd   (talk)  22:53, 3 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The first two paragraphs of the San Francisco Bay Area article, for the purposes of definition, utilizes two primary sources here, (https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Bulletin-18-04.pdf) and here (http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf). The first site is a listing of " Statistical Areas", the second site is a listing of "Urban Areas". Neither source lists Vacaville under their listings for the San Francisco Bay Area nor is Vacaville itself listed at all in either site. 2601:645:8000:D0E0:0:0:0:BFDA (talk) 04:53, 12 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The lead is just summarizing the full article. Better to read the Boundaries section and its sources, particularly this one. Schazjmd   (talk)  14:51, 12 November 2022 (UTC)

Pronunciation Guide Needed
I heard Vacaville mispronounced on a podcast this morning and was hoping this page would include a pronunciation guide. Kevink707 (talk) 15:18, 27 February 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Vacaville, California


text:
Category:Early British railway companies

This category contains articles about British railway companies established before 1860.

A number of very early British railway companies were short-lived. Many were amalgamated into larger organisations, which were themselves grouped into the 'Big Four' in 1923 (see List of railway companies involved in the 1923 grouping). Some remained independent throughout their existence. See also the List of early British railway companies (up to the late 1850s).


text:
Template talk:History of Russia

172, please stop
My format is clearly much cleaner than yours. --Cantus 22:46, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

 * It is not my format; it is emerging as the standard series box format. Please compare with other article series. Thanks. 172 01:12, 2 Aug 2004 (UTC)

 * This is hardly emerging as the standard format. Please stop. --Cantus 02:49, Aug 21, 2004 (UTC)

I think the biggest reaction against the edits is that the bullets change the nature of the template entirely. They add way to much clutter to all the templates they are in. Let me explain my reasoning. In a list within in an article, bullets help direct the eye to the organization of topics, they scream "this is a list." But the template with vertically aligned topics separated from the main article already makes it clear (to the scanning eye) that the user is reading a list, there is absolutely no reason for bullets, especially when horizontal space matters. In addition the bullets just move the eye away from the text in this situation, detracting from the design. If you don't want the text so close to the edge, padding would be fine, negative space can often help keep the eye less confused. I'd suggest using  between each line instead of using bullets. To keep organization and some spacing, ":" works fine (the indent character in wikitext). — siro χ  o  04:38, Sep 4, 2004 (UTC)

My view of the situation is similar to siroχo's. The bullets are ugly, distracting and unnecessary, and it's obvious that this is a list. I've made a new format that I hope is reasonable. Guanaco 22:07, 4 Sep 2004 (UTC)

The default skin for Wikipedia is MonoBook. Please look at how the navigation and toolbox menu format is done, to your left. I'm just using the default format in Wikipedia, which I also happen to like. --Cantus 00:08, Sep 5, 2004 (UTC)

white/gray
The white, gray, white, gray, ... ping-pong is disastrous. We need a navigational element here, not distraction for the eyes. --Joy [shallot]   12:57, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)

This thread moved to Wikipedia talk:Series templates.

Edit link
I've improved the format of the navbox [edit] link, but I'm still against including them at all. Why? Because:

 * The content of navboxes changes very seldom; only when articles are added, deleted, or renamed.
 * The content of navboxes isn't simple text, it's code. It usually requires some technical knowledge of HTML and/or wikitext.  It's not meant for the casual Wikipedia contributor.  If you know enough to edit the navbox's content, then it's easy enough for you to find the template.
 * Although article sections' [edit] links are integral to encouraging Wikipedia content contributions, navbox links are not. Thus, they constitute superfluous visual elements, and shouldn't be included.

Does anyone object to my removing the [edit] link? —Michael Z.

PS: Does anyone know how to make the edit link without the little "external link" icon next to it? —Michael Z.

Edit link
I altered the edit link for 2 different reasons.

 * The template was subst:ed because ed is being deprecated. (A bot has been moving around substing it too for thesame reason.)

 * I also moved it int the table because as it, there is no way for anybody but one actually knowing thattehse links are frequently inserted into table captions (which makes no sense as far as the markup is concerned) to know what this editink is associated to. I certainly didn't know. --Circeus 18:00, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * That's precisely the reason why I reverted the changes. History of Russia is a controversial subject. The template is regularly attacked by vandals who blank it; I don't want other trolls to figure it out too. Furthermore, it is not watched by any admins, so the harm may remain unheeded for days. --Ghirla | talk 18:05, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The template still ough to be subst:ed, or it'll stop working at all when ed is deleted.
 * Why didn't you ask one of the 500 or so admins to watch it? I'm sure there's at least one Russian one around.
 * If it is so commonly targetted, why leave an edit link at all? it's certainly not like it's used real frequently. (unless maybe by vendals? the irony is making my head spin here.) --Circeus 18:25, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
 * There is no need to take offense. I don't think you can imagine how much foolish revert warring and crass vandalism affect Eastern European topics. With my enormous watchlist, I usually revert all those edits that seem to be controversial but made in good faith, requesting the authors to explain their position on talk. Your arguments are valid, so please make the changes you've been contemplating. Happy edits to you, Ghirla | talk 20:03, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I removed the link entirely. I don't really see a point in keeping it there,especially if it'sgoing to attract vandals.

Circeus 21:08, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

2 versions
For the record, I asked Ghirlandajo a while ago to look into what seemed to be rather sweeping changes to the template. I personally really don't like it's current aspect, but can't comment on the content. What would you think if I reformatted it into a style similar to what it was before User:Kingfish changed it? Circeus 16:59, 22 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I was only concerned that Ghirlandajo's revert was a big one to have made without discussion, after two months and six unique editors. I personally prefer the look of the post-Kingfish version.  If it looks like I'm in the minority, please feel free to reformat it. Dallyripple 15:31, 23 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Circeus, I was not active in the project back then. I don't like Kingfish's revision. There is no need to list all those Russia-related topics here (e.g., "linguistics"). Italics are particularly off-putting. The old revision is not so cluttered. Furthermore, it occupies less space in the articles. --Ghirla-трёп- 12:33, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree the new template is not as aethetically pleasing, and that the topical historis are inappropriate. Looking more into it, there are very little differences between them (kingfish's version uses "khazaria" instead of "khazars" and has a few more links). I do think, however, that the Timeline and subdivisions of soviet and post-soviet Russian history links should stay. Circeus 16:49, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I'll agree to some of that. The inclusion of links to a timeline and to topical histories is pretty standard on history infoboxes. Dallyripple 20:01, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

What do you think? (New Box Design)
I got inspired here after seeing German History Box and decided to do something similar for Russia. Here it is. What do you guys think?

I tried my best to include the most important historical milestones. I'm looking for suggestions of what needs to be added or removed. Zealander (talk) 23:19, 4 October 2008 (UTC)

 * I'd go for a larger font-size for the links (and divider dots between) and perhaps only include the crest/coat-of-arms icons for those links that aren't indented. Some links also need sentence casing (see the Manual of Style). Otherwise, it looks like some nice work. Sidebar might help to eliminiate some of the repeated code (styling). Sardanaphalus (talk) 05:42, 5 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Please leave the template as it is. There is no need to fix what is not broken. --Ghirla-трёп- 14:00, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

Added from Dobrom user: Hi guys ,thanks for template.I've used some of your ideas to update it to a better version...Thanks again. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dobrom (talk • contribs) 07:41, 22 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Please don't just add your own version without discussion, then continue to WP:EDITWAR it in. For a start, if you want to discuss the presentation, don't just tack your comment onto a thread from 2008: create a new section and discuss the benefits of your complete rework as opposed to a stable version is place since early 2015. If you have taken it upon yourself to be WP:BOLD, you must follow WP:BRD. Considering that your changes have been reverted multiple times by other editors, I'd say that it should be clear that your changes are not understood or appreciated. Just for starters, the template is used on multiple articles where it ends up usurping other templates in terms of the enormity of the image... much less other issues with its presentation.

Greater Coat of Arms of the Russian Empire 1882-1917 (mass replacement)
On these two pages, published a letter from the Chief Heraldry Master of Russia. It is dated 2006. http://www.rus-deco.com/vp/JS-Lib/CustomerSites/Common/view_larger.htm?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rus-deco.com%2F510_500_csupload_20087015.jpg%3Fu%3D553230982 http://www.rus-deco.com/vp/JS-Lib/CustomerSites/Common/view_larger.htm?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rus-deco.com%2F514_500_csupload_20087025.jpg%3Fu%3D3016084680

 * At the present moment is initiated his replacement to this picture without a single mistake and the author's portrayal: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire_1700x1767_pix_Igor_Barbe_2006.jpg Earlier, the authors insisted on the presence of yellow in the figure dies with his name. For VIKI author has made an exception. However, the file with a yellow bg can remain - it has more resolution. References to it are optional for connoisseurs. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_Russian_empire_IGOR_BARBE_1500x1650jpg.jpg All files are located here: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greater_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Russian_Empire

THNKS!

Barbe Igor (talk) 09:45, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

Errors are very much ... The work was conducted 1.5 years. Important task of work - fixing bugs and improving the drawing. Let's start ... 1. How many roses in the arms of Finland (official Blason)? Should be eight, but in the old figure of seven. 2. Where directed Halberd in the arms of Yaroslavl? (Must be directed upward, and at the old figure, it is directed downward). ........... 30. What color is the lining of the Astrakhan crown? (should be green, and figure on the old lining is red.)

Thank you!

In any case, thank you for your sincere attention to matters of heraldry. Read more references to a letter from the Chief Heraldry Master of Russia.

Best regards!

Igor Barbe Barbe Igor (talk) 12:15, 25 March 2011 (UTC)

Recent changes
The recent changes to this template are unwarranted and often ungrammatical. There is no need for multiple links to different sections of a single page. The template had been stable for years and now suddenly there is an edit war over sweeping, undiscussed changes that do not appear to be improvements. Please discuss changes and gain consensus before overhauling a stable template. Laszlo Panaflex (talk) 16:35, 31 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Just to be clear, I did try to communicate in good faith with despite his/her somewhat uncivil missive on my talk page, suggesting that the matter should be A)discussed on this talk page, and B) that any prospective new templates should be developed in their own sandbox instead of using the live version. Either way, a 300px image is not going to be used simply because this template is used on multiple articles and will usurp other templates (see Kievan Rus' as an example of how it will crowd out other equally pertinent templates. It is also not appreciated that you did not take into account anything I had to say on the matter of other alternatives to the size of images being a problem unless they take into account the multiple device types, OS, platforms, and browsers readers use. The fact that you're developing this template to suit your specifications is pure WP:OWN.

 * In the meantime,, I've also reverted your recent changes to the History of Ukraine template which is overly detailed and crufty.

 * Would you please both stop 'developing' long standing, consensus templates without discussing whether they even need to be developed. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 22:02, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

 * User:Dobrom also left a message regarding the template in my talk page earlier, even though the discussion should really be done on this template talk page instead. Now it is clear that he is trying to take ownership of this template, which is not allowed by the WP policy. I agree with above that a consensus should be reached before making such major changes. --Cartakes (talk) 22:14, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

Proposed change to the emblem in template
Hi,

Would that be possible if we can change the coat of arms to this one below? :

This here is the current Russian eagle in the Soviet era coat of arms in place of the Hammer and Sickle. It would be a nice fit to the template since the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union are part of Russian Federation's history. Any thoughts? 01:45, 17 April 2016 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 135.23.144.92 (talk)
 * It's WP:OR, therefore inappropriate for this template. --Iryna Harpy (talk) 01:59, 17 April 2016 (UTC)

title: Template talk:History of Russia


text: Category:Bridges in Sweden

title: Category:Bridges in Sweden


text:
Talk:Tony Orlando

Nutrisystem
How about his endorsement of Nutrisystem? Apparently he lost over 100 lbs? Anyway, I can't stand that commercial....(UTC)

Tony Orlando was Puerto Rican on his mother's side, not his father ( who was Greek) Incidently, there were many Greek-Puerto Rican unions,in the Chelsea-Hells Kitchen vicinity which resulted in children we often called " Greekaricans".

Freddie Prinze
The article currently states (in the section about Orlando's youth): His best friend was Freddie Prinze (who was of Puerto Rican and Hungarian descent). But Orlando was 10 years older than Prinze; when Orlando had his first hit single at age 17 in 1961, Prinze was only 7 years old. So I think we need some confirmation of this point. If they became best friends in later years, say in the mid-1970s when they were both successful, this sentence should be moved to a different part of the article. Also, Freddie Prinze was not of Hungarian descent, as discussed in the article about him, so that reference should probably be removed too. --Metropolitan90 19:08, 11 November 2006 (UTC)

Behind the Music
There was an excellent episode on Tony Orlando, which would probably provide a lot of useful info, if anyone has a copy and could add notes from it. It mentioned a great deal about Freddie Prinze and their friendship (which was indeed in the '70s), as well as the reasons for his first single being released under another name, and info on an attempt at a "Cosby Show" spinoff featuring Orlando as a community-center director married to a social worker played by Ada Maris. I haven't seen the episode recently enough to provide reliable notes, though. Lawikitejana 04:48, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

How long did the show run?
Regarding their TV show it says, "The show, which ran for four seasons from 1974 to 1976...". Going from 1974 to 1976 is two seasons. There's a mistake here. Jtpaladin 19:15, 22 May 2007 (UTC)

No mistake. It started as a four-week summer replacement Series in July 1974. That was part of the 1973-74 TV season. Then it was picked up as a replacement Series in December 1974. That was the second season. Then it returned for a full season in September 1975. That was the third season. Then returned in September 1976. That was the fourth season. Then it was canceled before the end of the year. So it had four seasons between 1974 and 1976. Bellczar (talk) 08:18, 10 October 2021 (UTC)

Photo
That photo is horrible. Can anyone find a better one? (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 67.188.96.82 (talk)

Is a successful public relations executive
Orlando's son Jon Orlando is a successful public relations executive. What is success? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 114.174.105.242 (talk)

 * It's not well-defined, and is a bit of opinion rather than fact, so I've simply removed the word. -- Whpq (talk) 17:38, 23 March 2011 (UTC)

Billy Shields
Seeking opinion: Is this worth having a 'for' link from Billy Shields? Stevie is the man! Talk • Work 18:56, 3 September 2013 (UTC)

Puerto Rican mother?
"Ruth Schroeder" doesn't sound exactly Puerto Rican, and I ignored that Missouri was in Puerto Rico. Well, you never stop learning... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.0.66.62 (talk) 15:06, 12 June 2016 (UTC)

Caption for first picture
There is a picture of Orlando at a podium with "US Department..." Shouldn't the box be edited to specify where this was? This gives the impression on first glance that he worked in government or politics. The text to the left of it gives the idea that this could have been at a 2014 veterans event: "40th Anniversary at the NAM-POW’s Homecoming Celebration at the Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library in 2014." Dogru144 (talk) 19:25, 12 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Tony Orlando


text:
Ministry of the Environment (Japan)

The Ministry of the Environment (環境省) is a Cabinet-level ministry of the government of Japan responsible for global environmental conservation, pollution control, and nature conservation. The ministry was formed in 2001 from the sub-cabinet level Environmental Agency established in 1971. The Minister of the Environment is a member of the Cabinet of Japan and is chosen by the Prime Minister, usually from among members of the Diet.

In March 2006, the then-Minister of the Environment Yuriko Koike, created a furoshiki cloth to promote its use in the modern world.

In August 2011, the Cabinet of Japan approved a plan to establish a new energy watchdog under the Environment Ministry, and the Nuclear Regulation Authority was founded on September 19, 2012.

Organization

 * Minister's Secretariat (大臣官房)
 * (総合環境政策統括官)
 * Global Environment Bureau (地球環境局)
 * Environment Management Bureau (水・大気環境局)
 * Nature Conservation Bureau (自然環境局)
 * (環境再生・資源循環局)

Cool Biz
The Ministry of the Environment began advocating the Cool Biz campaign in summer 2005 as a means to help reduce electric consumption by limiting use of air conditioning and allowing the wearing of less formal officewear. This idea was proposed by then-Minister of the Environment Yuriko Koike under Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi.

Super Cool Biz
Following the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in March 2011, the shut down of many nuclear power plants for safety reasons lead to energy shortages. To conserve energy, the government recommended setting air conditioners at 28 degrees Celsius, switching off computers not in use, and called for shifting work hours to the morning and taking more summer vacation than usual. The government then launched a Super Cool Biz campaign to encourage workers to wear outfits appropriate for the office yet cool enough to endure the summer heat. Polo shirts and trainers are allowed, while jeans and sandals are also acceptable under certain circumstances. June 1 marked the start of the Environment Ministry's campaign, with full-page newspaper ads and photos of ministry workers smiling rather self-consciously at their desks wearing polo shirts and colorful Okinawa kariyushi shirts. The campaign was repeated in 2012 and 2013.

title: Ministry of the Environment (Japan)


text:
Talk:Pioneer Fund

Bouchard not funded for racial hereditarianism but article implies that.
The list of funding recipients says that Pioneer gave money to promote racial hereditarianism research. That is true, but the largest recipient, Bouchard, who got several million dollars for the MISTRA twin studies, was fighting the battle of heritability and genetics for individual IQ, not race differences. I don't think Bouchard ever had anything to do with racial hereditarianism and the article should not group him with the others in that respect. Likewise a lot of Jensen's research was about IQ heritability (and the establishment and validation of a "g"-centered psychometric view of intelligence) in individuals. Until the early 80s it was debated whether genes have much influence on intelligence at all (i.e., in individuals, not as part of a question on race differences) and whether intelligence could be quantified using IQ tests, and Pioneer paid people like Jensen and Bouchard as soldiers to win that battle, which they did. Jensen of course also wrote papers, probably with Pioneer money, about racial IQ differences and their supposed origins, but Bouchard does not appear to have been involved in that type of work, or if he was it was not what Pioneer paid him for (MISTRA).Sesquivalent (talk) 09:04, 29 August 2021 (UTC)

Does this organization still exist?
Website is defunct. Internet archives of the website indicate the director died in 2012 and half of its assets were given to another organization. Google search reveals no current output from this organization, all mentions of it are refer to pre-2012 activity. Lots of other unrelated groups using "Pioneer Fund" in their name.

Is this organization defunct? It appears to be. SONORAMA (talk) 12:14, 22 October 2022 (UTC)

By whom?
There's been some edit warring over a "By whom?" tag that has sought to include in the sentence The organization has been classified as a hate group and has been described as racist and white supremacist in nature, so I'm starting a discussion thread. In my view "By whom" is clear from the four cited sources. We do not need to list each of these four sources. Their views are not remotely controversial. See e.g. WP:YESPOV. Socksage, please present your reasoning and await a new consensus before re-adding this contested tag. Thanks, Generalrelative (talk) 23:28, 20 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Replacing "has been classified as" with "is" seems like the obvious fix. Grayfell (talk) 23:32, 20 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Perhaps Socksage has a point. Wouldn't this require attribution per MOS:LABEL? For example, when an organisation is called a hate group by SPLC, we practically always attribute it. It would be fine if multiple sources had described it as a hate group, but checking the sources it seems it comes from the SPLC, and is not mentioned in many of the reliable sources on that sentence specifically. It would be better to simply change the intro "classified a hate group by the SPLC". Zenomonoz (talk) 20:18, 29 October 2023 (UTC)

External links / website
Just a note, it seems both website external links are defunct now. I don't think the Pioneer Fund exists at either address, so both are a 'historic website' or 'defunct website'. Zenomonoz (talk) 04:02, 12 November 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Pioneer Fund


text:
Tomobe, Ibaraki

Tomobe (友部町) was a town located in Nishiibaraki District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 35,657 and a density of 607.34 persons per km2. The total area was 58.71 km2.

On March 19, 2006, Tomobe, along with the town of Iwama (also from Nishiibaraki District), was merged into the expanded city of Kasama. The former Tomobe Town Hall is now converted into the new Kasama City Hall because prior to the merger, Tomobe had more people than the old city of Kasama.

title: Tomobe, Ibaraki


text:
Complementary experiments

In physics, two experimental techniques are often called complementary if they investigate the same subject in two different ways such that two different (ideally non-overlapping) properties or aspects can be investigated. For example, X-ray scattering and neutron scattering experiments are often said to be complementary because the former reveals information about the electron density of the atoms in the target but gives no information about the nuclei (because they are too small to affect the X-rays significantly), while the latter allows one to investigate the nuclei of the atoms but cannot tell one anything about their electron hulls (because the neutrons, being neutral, do not interact with the charged electrons).

Scattering experiments are sometimes also called complementary when they investigate the same physical property of a system from two complementary view points in the sense of Bohr. For example, time-resolved and energy-resolved experiments are said to be complementary. The former uses a pulse which is well-defined in time. The latter uses a monochromatic pulse well defined in energy (its frequency is well known).

title: Complementary experiments


text:
Nanakai, Ibaraki

Nanakai (七会村) was a village located in Nishiibaraki District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

On 1 February 2005, Nanakai, along with the town of Jōhoku, and the village of Katsura (both from Higashiibaraki District), was merged to create the town of Shirosato and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 2,385 and a density of 37.83 persons per 1 km2. The total area was 63.04 km2.

title: Nanakai, Ibaraki


text:
Diyar Bakr

Diyar Bakr (دِيَارُ بَكرٍ) is the medieval Arabic name of the northernmost of the three provinces of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the other two being Diyar Mudar and Diyar Rabi'a. According to the medieval geographer al-Baladhuri, all three provinces were named after the main Arab tribes that were settled there by Mu'awiya in the course of the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. The Diyar Bakr was settled by the Rabi'a subgroup of the Banu Bakr, and hence the two provinces are sometimes referred to collectively as "Diyar Rabi'a". In later Turkish usage, "Diyar Bakr" referred to the western portion of the former province, around Amid (which hence became known as Diyarbakır in Turkish).

Diyar Bakr encompasses the region on both banks of the upper course of the river Tigris, from its sources to approximately where its course changes from a west-east to a southeasterly direction. Its main city was Amida (Amid in Arabic), and other major settlements included Mayyafariqin, Hisn Kaifa, and Arzan. Geographically and politically, in early Islamic times the Diyar Bakr was usually part of the Jazira, but it was sometimes joined to the Armenian province to the north. In the late 9th century, it was controlled by an autonomous dynasty founded by Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani. In the mid-10th century, the region passed into the hands of the Hamdanids, but their rule was contested by the Buyids (978–983) and after that the Marwanids.

The Marwanid emirate ruled the region for almost a century before being annexed by the Seljuk Empire in 1084–1085. Following the Seljuk realm's collapse after the death of Malik-Shah I in 1092, a series of small emirates established itself across the region, with the Artuqids of Mardin the most important among them. In the late 12th century, the province came under Ayyubid control, and in the mid-13th century it was divided between the Ayyubids in the east and the Seljuks of Rum, who controlled the western portion around Amida. Around 1260, the region was conquered by the Mongols, who allowed the local rulers to continue to exercise power as their vassals. In the 14th century, the region was conquered by the Aq Qoyunlu, who disputed control with the Qara Qoyunlu and the last Ayyubid princes. In the early 16th century, it was for a time occupied by the Safavids before coming under Ottoman control in 1516.

title: Diyar Bakr


text: Category:Bridges in Australia

title: Category:Bridges in Australia


text:
Iwase, Ibaraki

Iwase (岩瀬町) was a town located in Nishiibaraki District, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 22,378 and a density of 256.75 per km2. The total area was 87.16 km2.

On October 1, 2005, Iwase, the town of Makabe and the village of Yamato (both from Makabe District) were merged to create the city of Sakuragawa.

title: Iwase, Ibaraki


text:
Talk:Complementary experiments

Untitled
The first sentence really just says that "complementary" means the same thing in regard to physics experiments that it means in regard to anything else. Knowledge of the ordinary vernacular language would tell any literate person ignorant of physics that much. Michael Hardy 22:57, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)

incorrect explanation: nucleus "too small" to scatter x-rays??
The second sentence states that "X-ray scattering ... gives no information about the nuclei (because they are too small to affect the X-rays significantly)" - but of course the nuclei are much LARGER than the electrons, which do affect the X-rays. I don't know the correct explanation, but this is surely not right, is it?

Jonas B. using 84.172.251.129 13:35, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Complementary experiments


text:
Nishiibaraki District, Ibaraki

Nishiibaraki (西茨城郡), literally West Ibaraki, was a district located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2004, the district had an estimated population of 52,291. The total area was 108.64 km2.

There were two municipalities before the dissolution:
 * Iwama
 * Tomobe

On March 19, 2006, the towns of Iwama and Tomobe were merged into the expanded city of Kasama. Therefore, Nishiibaraki District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

District Timeline

 * February 15, 1958 - The town of Kasama gained city status.
 * February 1, 2005 - The village of Nanakai was merged with the town of Jōhoku, and village of Katsura (both from Higashiibaraki District), to create the town of Shirosato (in Higashiibaraki District).
 * October 1, 2005 - The town of Iwase was merged with the town of Makabe, and the village of Yamato (both from Makabe District) to create the city of Sakuragawa.
 * March 19, 2006 - The towns of Iwama and Tomobe were merged into the expanded city of Kasama. Therefore, Nishiibaraki District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

title: Nishiibaraki District, Ibaraki


text:
Tōkai, Ibaraki

Tōkai (東海村) is a village located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. , the village had an estimated population of 37,651 in 15,148 households and a population density of 991 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 25.8%. The total area of the village is 38.0 sqkm. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency along with other organizations currently operate a number of nuclear technology research facilities in the town. In particular, Tōkai Nuclear Power Plant is located in Tōkai.

Geography
Located in central Ibaraki Prefecture, approximately 120 km north of Tokyo, Tōkai is bordered to the east by the Pacific Ocean. The village is about 15 kilometers northeast of the prefectural capital of Mito. with the Kuji River to the north. The area is located at the northern end of the Hitachi Plateau, and consists of lowlands which are alluvium and covered with rice paddy fields, and the plateau is diluvial, with upland fields and flatland forests.

Surrounding municipalities
Ibaraki Prefecture
 * Hitachi
 * Naka
 * Hitachinaka

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Tōkai has grown steadily over the last century.

History
The villages of Muramatsu and Ishigami were created with the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. On March 31, 1955, the two villages merged to form the village of Tōkai. In 1956, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute was established at Tōkai. After JRR-1, the first nuclear reactor in Japan, reached criticality, many nuclear-related facilities such as Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan Atomic Power Company Tokai Power Station and Tokai No. 2 Power Station have been concentrated in the village, which became the base of the Japanese nuclear industry. The village was the site of the Tokaimura nuclear accident which occurred at the JCO nuclear reprocessing plant on 30 September 1999, which killed two people.

Government
Tōkai has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral village council of 18 members. Tōkai contributes one member to the Ibaraki Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the village is part of Ibaraki 5th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
The nuclear power industry, together with associated government and private research facilities (including the J-PARC particle physics laboratory), and government subventions form the basis of the local economy.

Education
Tōkai has six public elementary schools and two public middle schools operated by the village government, and one public high school operated by the Ibaraki Prefectural Board of Education. In addition, the University of Tokyo and the Graduate University for Advanced Studies have research facilities located at Tōkai.

Railway
JR East – Jōban Line
 * Tōkai

Highway

 * – Tōkai Interchange

Seaports

 * Port of Ibaraki

International relations

 * Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States of America.

Noted people

 * Masaru Hashimoto, politician
 * Teruaki Kobayashi, professional soccer player

title: Tōkai, Ibaraki


text:
Naka, Ibaraki

Naka (那珂市) is a city located in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 53,153 in 20,953 households and a population density of 543.4 persons per km2. The percentage of the population aged over 65 was 32.4%. The total area of the city is 97.82 sqkm.

Geography
Naka is located in north-central Ibaraki Prefecture, with the Naka River and Kuji River flowing through the city.

Surrounding municipalities
Ibaraki Prefecture
 * Mito
 * Hitachinaka
 * Hitachiōta
 * Hitachi
 * Hitachiōmiya
 * Tōkai
 * Shirosato

Demographics
Per Japanese census data, the population of Naka peaked around the year 2000 and has declined slightly since.

History
On March 31, 1955 the town of Sugaya and villages of Godai, Nakata, Kanzaki, Toda, Yoshino and Kizaki were merged to become the town of Naka (within Naka District). The town was the 4th largest population within the prefecture, following the town of Kamisu (from Kashima District), the town of Sōwa (from Sashima District), and the town of Ami (from Inashiki District). On January 21, 2005 Naka absorbed the town of Urizura (from Naka District) to become the city of Naka. Naka annexed the town of Urizura on January 21, 2005.

Government
Naka has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 18 members. Naka contributes one member to the Ibaraki Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Ibaraki 4th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy
Kiuchi Brewery (木内酒造) is a brewery in Naka. It was established in 1823 as a sake and Shōchū producer.

Renesas Electronics has a 300mm fab in Naka, Ibaraki prefecture. This semiconductor factory makes chips for the automotive manufacturing industry.

Education
Naka has nine public elementary schools and five public middle schools operated by the city government, and two public high schools operated by the Ibaraki Prefectural Board of Education. The Ibaraki Women's Junior College is also located in Naka.

Railway
JR East – Suigun Line JR East – Suigun Line - Hitachi-Ōta Branch
 * Godai - Shimo-Sugaya - Naka-Sugaya - Kami-Sugaya - Hitachi-Kōnosu - Urizura - Shizu
 * Kami-Sugaya - Minami-Sakaide - Nukada

Highway

 * – Naka Interchange

Sister city relations

 * 🇺🇸 Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States

Local attractions

 * The Japan Atomic Energy Agency operates a fusion power research facility in the town, which houses the JT-60, one of the premiere tokamak fusion reactors in the world.
 * Ibaraki Botanical Garden
 * Kiuchi Brewery
 * Kasamatsu Park and Stadium
 * Shizu Jinja
 * Shizumine Furusato Park

title: Naka, Ibaraki


text: File:JohnLennon-albums-mindgames.jpg

title: File:JohnLennon-albums-mindgames.jpg