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Emily Mortimer

Emily Kathleen Anne Mortimer (born 6 October 1971) is an English actress and filmmaker. She began acting in stage productions and has since appeared in several film and television roles. In 2003, she won an Independent Spirit Award for her performance in Lovely and Amazing. She is also known for playing Mackenzie McHale in the HBO series The Newsroom (2012–2014). She created and wrote the series Doll & Em (2014–2015) and wrote and directed the miniseries The Pursuit of Love (2021), the latter of which earned her a nomination for the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actress.

She provided the voice of Sophie in the English-language version of Howl's Moving Castle (2004), and starred in Scream 3 (2000), Match Point (2005), The Pink Panther (2006), The Pink Panther 2 (2009), Lars and the Real Girl (2007), Chaos Theory (2008), Harry Brown (2009), Shutter Island (2010), Cars 2 (2011), Hugo (2011), Mary Poppins Returns (2018), and Relic (2020).

Early life and education
Mortimer was born on 6 October 1971 in Hammersmith, London, to dramatist and barrister Sir John Mortimer, and his second wife, Penelope (née Gollop). She has a younger sister, Rosie; two older half-siblings, Sally Silverman and Jeremy, from her father's first marriage to author Penelope Fletcher; and a half-brother, Ross Bentley, from her father's relationship with actress Wendy Craig.

Mortimer studied at St Paul's Girls' School in west London where she appeared in several pupil productions. She went on to the University of Oxford, where she read Russian at Lincoln College and performed in several plays. Before becoming an actress, she wrote a column for The Daily Telegraph and was screenwriter for an adaptation of Lorna Sage's memoir Bad Blood.

1995–2008: Early work and recognition
Mortimer performed in several plays while studying at the University of Oxford. While acting in a student production, she was spotted by a producer who later cast her as the lead in a television adaptation of Catherine Cookson's The Glass Virgin (1995). Subsequent television roles included Sharpe's Sword (1995) and Coming Home (1998). She followed this with the 1996 television film Lord of Misrule, directed by Guy Jenkin and filmed in Fowey, Cornwall.

In 1996, Mortimer appeared in her first feature film opposite Val Kilmer in The Ghost and the Darkness, and in the coming-of-age story, The Last of the High Kings. 1997 saw Mortimer play the central character of Katherine Lacey in the pilot episode of Midsomer Murders. In 1998 she appeared as Kat Ashley in Elizabeth, and played Miss Flynn in the television mini series Cider with Rosie, which was adapted for television by her father. In 1999, she played three roles: she was the "Perfect Girl" dropped by Hugh Grant in Notting Hill; Esther in the television miniseries Noah's Ark, and the actress Angelina in Scream 3.

In 2000, Mortimer was cast as Katherine in Kenneth Branagh's musical adaptation of Love's Labour's Lost, where she met actor and future husband Alessandro Nivola. She took on her biggest role in an American film to date, playing opposite Bruce Willis in Disney's The Kid. A year later, she played aspiring actress Elizabeth in Lovely & Amazing, a comedy about the relationship between a mother and her three daughters. Mortimer said of the role, "It was a wonderful experience as an actor to have that opportunity [...] You hear this terrifying phrase, 'being in the moment.' I have no doubt that I was in that moment. [Elizabeth] was exposed and ridiculous and brave." Mortimer won an Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role. In 2002, she had a major part as the assassin in The 51st State (also known as Formula 51), starring opposite Samuel L. Jackson and Robert Carlyle. Upon release, the film was a critical and commercial failure. In 2003, Mortimer appeared in Stephen Fry's British drama, Bright Young Things, based on the 1930 novel Vile Bodies by Evelyn Waugh. It is about young and carefree London aristocrats and bohemians, set in the interwar period. Playing fiancée Nina Blount, Mortimer was described as "a character who gives Peter O'Toole a marvelous few minutes of playing dottiness to the hilt", by Washington Post's Stephen Hunter. Her last release of 2003 was Young Adam, in which she plays the girlfriend of a cruel barge worker (Ewan McGregor). Based on the novel of the same title, Mortimer's role in Young Adam garnered her acclaim; Evening Standard 's critic wrote, "In a performance of naked courage, Emily Mortimer shows that she is prepared to go to extreme lengths of masochism in her depiction of a woman undone by love". Sight & Sound magazine thought the cast performances were "edgy", and Mortimer made the most out of an underwritten role. She also had a supporting part in the romantic drama The Sleeping Dictionary (2003).

In 2004, Mortimer played the lead role in the drama Dear Frankie, about a young mother whose love for her son prompts her to plan a deception to protect him from the truth about his father. Her performance gained positive reviews; San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "an unforgettable performance from Mortimer [...] a leading lady". Matthew Leyland of the BBC gave the film 3 out of 5 stars, and was impressed with Mortimer's performance, which was played with "heartfelt conviction". In an interview with critic Roger Ebert, Mortimer said, "I seem to find characters who are held back and guarded, physically and mentally. It's a relief after the film is over. [...] But when I'm acting, it's good to have something to play against, boundaries to break."

Mortimer also voiced young Sophie in the English-dubbed version of 2004's Howl's Moving Castle. In 2005, she played Chloe Wilton, the oblivious spouse of Jonathan Rhys Meyers's adulterer in Woody Allen's Match Point. The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival, and co-starred Scarlett Johansson and Matthew Goode. Writing for The Guardian, Peter Bradshaw opined that Mortimer's performance was "perfectly plausible", and CNN's critic complimented the entire cast. During the film's theatrical run, it earned $85 million. She appeared in The Pink Panther (2006) as the "adorable" secretary Nicole Durant.

In 2007, she had a role in the comedy drama Lars and the Real Girl as Karin, the supportive sister-in-law of Ryan Gosling's title character. The film received generally positive reviews; Deborah Ross of The Spectator thought Mortimer played her character well despite the film's repetitive comedic moments. Next in 2008, Mortimer starred opposite Ryan Reynolds in the comedy Chaos Theory. Critical reception was mostly mixed, and Ruthe Stein of San Francisco Chronicle thought Mortimer and Reynolds lacked chemistry. The psychological thriller Transsiberian (2008), directed by Brad Anderson, saw Mortimer cast as Jessie. She co-stars with Woody Harrelson, and they portray a couple who befriend a pair of mysterious travellers. The film premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival to a positive response; Variety magazine's critic thought Mortimer's character was well-developed, and it was "a very flavorful performance as a reformed bad girl".

A year later, she was cast in David Mamet's martial arts drama Redbelt, playing attorney Laura Black. The film gained fair reviews, and The Telegraph critic wrote, "Emily Mortimer is impressive as a jittery, unlikable attorney". In 2009, Mortimer reprised her role as Nicole Durant in The Pink Panther 2; the film was panned by critics. In the last three episodes of the first season of 30 Rock, she played Phoebe, the mysterious love interest of Alec Baldwin's character, Jack Donaghy.

2009–2019: Career progression in film

Mortimer starred in Daniel Barber's first film, Harry Brown (2009), as police detective Alice Frampton. The plot follows widowed veteran (Michael Caine), who takes the law into his own hands when teenage violence ruins his community. Mortimer chose the role because "It felt like unfamiliar territory for me which is always a challenge and interesting [...] the script is very gripping and brilliantly written [...] getting to work with Michael, and then just the character being in some ways both the opposite and the same as Michael's character." To prepare for the role, she spent time with a real female detective, and learnt about police interrogation techniques. Upon release, the critic from USA Today thought her performance was "caring and savvy", despite the film's "senseless violence". Betsy Sharkey of Los Angeles Times wrote of Mortimer's performance: "Her clinical coolness plays well off of Caine's controlled heat."

Mortimer played an aspiring actress opposite Andy García in City Island (2009). Although the film's reception was warm, her role in City Island was noted by two critics as "vague" and weak. She appeared as Rachel Solando in Martin Scorsese's 2010 thriller Shutter Island. Several critics thought Shutter Island was unexciting, and that Mortimer and her fellow actors were not utilised to their full potential. The film found moderate success at the box office, grossing $294 million from a budget of $80 million. She portrayed American educator Leonie Gilmour in the biographical drama Leonie (2010). Of her performance, The Hollywood Reporter opined that it was a "superb portrayal", which showcased her acting range.

In 2011, she had a role in Our Idiot Brother as Liz, the sister of Paul Rudd's titular character. In that same year, Mortimer appeared in Scorsese's Hugo, an adaptation of Brian Selznick's book, The Invention of Hugo Cabret. Hugo won five Academy Awards from eleven nominations, but was a box office disappointment. Also in 2011, she started work with screenwriter and producer Aaron Sorkin, playing Mackenzie McHale in HBO's The Newsroom. Although the first season of the series gained a mixed reception, the later seasons fared better. Several critics praised Mortimer's acting abilities in season one, but they took issue with her character's writing. In January 2013, it was announced that Mortimer would be co-creating and starring in the comedy series Doll & Em for Sky Living, along with her longtime friend, actress and comedian Dolly Wells. Next, Mortimer starred in the drama The Sense of an Ending (2017), based on the novel of the same title by Julian Barnes. Playing the mother Sarah Ford, Mortimer garnered praise for her lively performance, while one critic thought she was miscast. In that same year, she portrayed the pregnant Jinny in The Party; the film premiered at the 67th Berlin International Film Festival, and was favourably received. Mortimer co-starred with Patricia Clarkson and Bill Nighy in the drama The Bookshop. Adapted from the 1978 novel of the same title by Penelope Fitzgerald, Mortimer played Florence Green, who opens a bookshop despite local opposition. Writing for Chicago Reader, Andrea Gronvall noted, "The ever-winsome Emily Mortimer glows as a struggling widow", and Variety magazine opined that it was "A fine, sensitive leading turn" for the actor. The Bookshop grossed $12 million worldwide.

In the small-scale feature, Write When You Get Work (2018), Mortimer played a member of the elite class. A family drama, about a man with Alzheimer's, Head Full of Honey (2018), was Mortimer's next release. She played the wife of Matt Dillon's character. The Los Angeles Times gave the film a negative review, and thought Mortimer and the cast were "all over the place". She then joined the cast of Mary Poppins Returns, a 2018 musical fantasy directed by Rob Marshall. It is loosely based on the book series Mary Poppins by P. L. Travers. The film was a box office hit, and Christopher Orr of The Atlantic magazine praised Mortimer's "charming" performance.

Mortimer returned to the screen in 2019 with Good Posture. It co-stars Grace Van Patten as Lilian, a young woman who moves in with her father's friend, a reclusive novelist called Julia Price (Mortimer). Of her character, she said, "I wish I had just one per cent of Julia's frostiness in my own life. I really enjoyed being that person, feeling what it's like to be intimidating." The film was made by Mortimer's friend, Dolly Wells, in her directorial debut. The actor's performance earned praise, but several critics were disappointed with her amount of screen time. Next, she appeared in Greg Kinnear's comedy Phil; it was negatively received by critics. In the horror film Mary, Mortimer starred opposite Gary Oldman. The film is about a family in isolated waters and the ship they bought which has terrifying secrets. Mary was panned by critics, and the Los Angeles Times thought the actors talents were wasted.

2020–present: Recent work and television
In 2020, Mortimer starred in the horror Relic with co-stars Robyn Nevin and Bella Heathcote; the Chicago Sun-Times called Mortimer "excellent" in her portrayal of a workaholic mother. That same year, Mortimer played Sharon in the science fiction series Don't Look Deeper. In 2021, Mortimer wrote, directed, and starred in the miniseries The Pursuit of Love, which earned her a BAFTA TV nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Mortimer is set to replace Sally Hawkins as Mrs. Brown for Paddington in Peru.

Personal life
In 2000, Mortimer met American actor Alessandro Nivola while both were starring in Love's Labour's Lost. They married in the village of Turville in the Chilterns, Buckinghamshire, on 3 January 2003. Mortimer gave birth to their son Sam on 26 September 2003, and their daughter May in 2010. They live in Boerum Hill, Brooklyn with their children. Mortimer became an American citizen in 2010.

title: Emily Mortimer


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Talk:Arryx

Untitled
From VfD:

According to the standards applied to Bungii LLC, this is also just advertising or not notable. mbbx6spp

 * Agreed. Delete.  -- WOT 20:46, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Not so sure that this one should be deleted. At least it has a "holographic optical tweezer array" that "moves particles with photons leading to a new form of nanomanufacturing" as a product. This may be something notable. Is there some photonics expert out there who can enlighten us? Elf-friend 21:17, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * I'm voting keep on this one. Elf-friend 23:17, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * By the same standards applied to Bungii LLC, keep. Arryx is a cutting-edge company that gets press for what they do with nanotechnology. Whereas Bungii LLC seems to be in business to spam web directories with their own name. -- Cyrius|✎ 22:12, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

end moved discussion

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title: Talk:Arryx


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Dexmethylphenidate

Dexmethylphenidate, sold under the brand name Focalin among others, is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in those over the age of five years. It is taken by mouth. The immediate release formulation lasts up to five hours while the extended release formulation lasts up to twelve hours. It is the more active enantiomer of methylphenidate.

Common side effects include abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and fever. Serious side effects may include abuse, psychosis, sudden cardiac death, mania, anaphylaxis, seizures, and dangerously prolonged erection. Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear. Dexmethylphenidate is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. How it works in ADHD is unclear.

Dexmethylphenidate was approved for medical use in the United States in 2001. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 121st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4million prescriptions.

Medical uses
Dexmethylphenidate is used as a treatment for ADHD, usually along with psychological, educational, behavioral or other forms of treatment. It is proposed that stimulants help ameliorate the symptoms of ADHD by making it easier for the user to concentrate, avoid distraction, and control behavior. Placebo-controlled trials have shown that once-daily dexmethylphenidate XR was effective and generally well tolerated.

Improvements in ADHD symptoms in children were significantly greater for dexmethylphenidate XR versus placebo. It also showed greater efficacy than osmotic controlled-release oral delivery system (OROS) methylphenidate over the first half of the laboratory classroom day but assessments late in the day favoured OROS methylphenidate.

Adverse effects
Products containing dexmethylphenidate have a side effect profile comparable to those containing methylphenidate.

Mode of activity
Methylphenidate is a catecholamine reuptake inhibitor that indirectly increases catecholaminergic neurotransmission by inhibiting the dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET), which are responsible for clearing catecholamines from the synapse, particularly in the striatum and meso-limbic system. Moreover, it is thought to "increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space."

Although four stereoisomers of methylphenidate (MPH) are possible, only the threo diastereoisomers are used in modern practice. There is a high eudysmic ratio between the SS and RR enantiomers of MPH. Dexmethylphenidate (d-threo-methylphenidate) is a preparation of the RR enantiomer of methylphenidate. In theory, D-TMP (d-threo-methylphenidate) can be anticipated to be twice the strength of the racemic product.

Pharmacology
Dexmethylphenidate has a 4–6 hour duration of effect. A long-acting formulation, Focalin XR, which spans 12 hours is also available and has been shown to be as effective as DL (dextro-, levo-) -TMP (threo-methylphenidate) XR (extended release) (Concerta, Ritalin LA), with flexible dosing and good tolerability. It has also been demonstrated to reduce ADHD symptoms in both children and adults. d-MPH has a similar side-effect profile to MPH and can be administered without regard to food intake.

CTx-1301 is an experimental medication that is an extended-release formulation of dexmethylphenidate that has a half life more than an hour longer than extended-release dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH-ER). It is under development for ADHD.

title: Dexmethylphenidate


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White spirit

White spirit (AU, UK and Ireland) or mineral spirits (US, Canada), also known as mineral turpentine (AU/NZ/ZA), turpentine substitute, and petroleum spirits, is a petroleum-derived clear liquid used as a common organic solvent in painting. There are also terms for specific kinds of white spirit, including Stoddard solvent and solvent naphtha (petroleum). White spirit is often used as a paint thinner, or as a component thereof, though paint thinner is a broader category of solvent. Odorless mineral spirits (OMS) have been refined to remove the more toxic aromatic compounds, and are recommended for applications such as oil painting.

A mixture of aliphatic, open-chain or alicyclic C7 to C12 hydrocarbons, white spirit is insoluble in water and is used as an extraction solvent, as a cleaning solvent, as a degreasing solvent and as a solvent in aerosols, paints, wood preservatives, lacquers, varnishes, and asphalt products. In western Europe about 60% of the total white spirit consumption is used in paints, lacquers and varnishes. White spirit is the most widely used solvent in the paint industry. In households, white spirit is commonly used to clean paint brushes after use, to clean auto parts and tools, as a starting fluid for charcoal grills, to remove adhesive residue from non-porous surfaces, and many other common tasks.

The word "mineral" in "mineral spirits" or "mineral turpentine" is meant to distinguish it from distilled spirits (alcoholic beverages distilled from fermented biological material) or from true turpentine (distilled tree resin).

Types and grades
Three different types and three different grades of white spirit exist. The type refers to whether the solvent has been subjected to hydrodesulfurization (removal of sulfur) alone (type 1), solvent extraction (type 2) or hydrogenation (type 3).

Each type comprises three grades: low flash grade, regular grade, and high flash grade (flash refers to flash point). The grade is determined by the crude oil used as the starting material and the conditions of distillation.

In addition there is type 0, which is defined as distillation fraction with no further treatment, consisting predominantly of saturated C9 to C12 hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 140 –.

Stoddard solvent is a specific mixture of hydrocarbons, typically over 65% C10 or higher hydrocarbons, developed in 1924 by Atlanta dry cleaner W. J. Stoddard and Lloyd E. Jackson of the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research as a less flammable petroleum-based dry cleaning solvent than the petroleum solvents then in use. Dry cleaners began using the result of their work in 1928 and it soon became the predominant dry cleaning solvent in the United States, until the late 1950s.

Turpentine substitute is generally not made to a standard and can have a wider range of components than products marketed as white spirit, which is made to a standard (in the UK, British Standard BS 245, in Germany, DIN 51632). Turpentine substitute can be used for general cleaning but is not recommended for paint thinning as it may adversely affect drying times due to the less volatile components; while it may be used for brush cleaning its heavier components may leave an oily residue.

Physical properties
Type 1 white spirit is mainly used in most of Europe and Stoddard solvent is used in the US, both of which correspond to each other.

Degreasing and lubricating
In industry, white spirit is used for cleaning and degreasing machine tools and parts, and in conjunction with cutting oil as a thread cutting and reaming lubricant.

White spirit is commonly used for cutting fluid in ultraprecision lathes (commonly referred to as diamond turning machines).

White spirit is used for regripping golf clubs. After the old grip is removed, the white spirit is poured into the new grip and shaken. After the white spirit is poured on, the new underlying tape and the new grip are slid on. After an hour of drying out, the new grip and club are ready to use.

Solvent and paint thinner
White Spirit is a petroleum distillate used as a paint thinner and mild solvent.

White spirit is an inexpensive petroleum-based replacement for the vegetable-based turpentine. It is commonly used as a paint thinner for oil-based paint and cleaning brushes, and as an organic solvent in other applications. Mineral turpentine is chemically very different from turpentine, which mainly consists of pinene, and it has inferior solvent properties. Artists use white spirit as an alternative to turpentine since it is less flammable and less toxic. Because of interactions with pigments in oil paints, artists require a higher grade of white spirit than many industrial users, including the complete absence of residual sulfur.

White spirit was formerly an active ingredient in the laundry soap Fels Naptha, used to dissolve oils and grease in laundry stains, and as a popular remedy for eliminating the irritant oil urushiol in poison ivy. It was removed as a potential health risk.

White spirit has a characteristic unpleasant kerosene-like odor. Chemical manufacturers have developed a low odor version of mineral turpentine which contains less of the highly volatile shorter hydrocarbons. Odorless mineral spirits is white spirit that has been further refined to remove the more toxic aromatic compounds, and is recommended for applications such as oil painting, where humans have close contact with the solvent.

In screen printing (also referred to as silk-screening), white spirit is often used to clean and unclog screens after printing with oil-based textile and plastisol inks. It is also used to thin inks used in making monoprints.

White spirit is often used inside liquid-filled compasses and gauges.

White spirits are a major ingredient in some popular automotive fuel/oil additives, such as Marvel Mystery Oil, as they are capable of dissolving varnish and sludge buildup.

Portable stoves
Although white spirit is used as an alternative to kerosene in portable stoves, this is not advisable as typical grades of white spirit have a lower flash point than kerosene. It cannot be used as an alternative to white gas, which is a much more volatile gasoline-like fuel.

Toxicity
White spirit is mainly classed as an irritant. It has a fairly low acute toxicity by inhalation of the vapour, dermal (touching the skin) and oral (ingestion) routes. However, acute exposure can lead to central nervous system depression resulting in lack of coordination and slowed reactions. Exposure to very high concentrations in enclosed spaces can lead to general narcotic effects (drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, etc.) and can eventually lead to unconsciousness. Oral ingestion presents a high aspiration hazard. Prolonged or repeated skin exposure over a long period of time can result in severe irritant dermatitis, also called contact dermatitis.

Continuous exposure to an average white spirit concentration of 240 mg/m3 (40 ppm) for more than 13 years can lead to chronic central nervous system effects. Similar long-term studies have been made in which some of the observed effects included memory impairment, poor concentration, increased irritability etc. White spirit is implicated in the development of chronic toxic encephalopathy (CTE) among house painters. In severe cases CTE may lead to disability and personality changes. These effects in painters were first studied in the 1970s in the Nordic countries.

Owing to the volatility and low bioavailability of its constituents, white spirit, although it is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms, is unlikely to present significant hazards to the environment. It should not however, be purposely poured down the sink or freshwater drain.

People can be exposed to Stoddard solvent in the workplace by breathing it in, swallowing it, skin contact, and eye contact. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the legal limit (Permissible exposure limit) for Stoddard solvent exposure in the workplace as 500 ppm (2900 mg/m3) over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 350 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and 1800 mg/m3 over 15 minutes. At levels of 20,000 mg/m3, Stoddard solvent is immediately dangerous to life and health.

title: White spirit


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Geologic modelling

Geologic modelling, geological modelling or geomodelling is the applied science of creating computerized representations of portions of the Earth's crust based on geophysical and geological observations made on and below the Earth surface. A geomodel is the numerical equivalent of a three-dimensional geological map complemented by a description of physical quantities in the domain of interest. Geomodelling is related to the concept of Shared Earth Model; which is a multidisciplinary, interoperable and updatable knowledge base about the subsurface.

Geomodelling is commonly used for managing natural resources, identifying natural hazards, and quantifying geological processes, with main applications to oil and gas fields, groundwater aquifers and ore deposits. For example, in the oil and gas industry, realistic geologic models are required as input to reservoir simulator programs, which predict the behavior of the rocks under various hydrocarbon recovery scenarios. A reservoir can only be developed and produced once; therefore, making a mistake by selecting a site with poor conditions for development is tragic and wasteful. Using geological models and reservoir simulation allows reservoir engineers to identify which recovery options offer the safest and most economic, efficient, and effective development plan for a particular reservoir.

Geologic modelling is a relatively recent subdiscipline of geology which integrates structural geology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, paleoclimatology, and diagenesis;

In 2-dimensions (2D), a geologic formation or unit is represented by a polygon, which can be bounded by faults, unconformities or by its lateral extent, or crop. In geological models a geological unit is bounded by 3-dimensional (3D) triangulated or gridded surfaces. The equivalent to the mapped polygon is the fully enclosed geological unit, using a triangulated mesh. For the purpose of property or fluid modelling these volumes can be separated further into an array of cells, often referred to as voxels (volumetric elements). These 3D grids are the equivalent to 2D grids used to express properties of single surfaces.

Geomodelling generally involves the following steps:
 * 1) Preliminary analysis of geological context of the domain of study.
 * 2) Interpretation of available data and observations as point sets or polygonal lines (e.g. "fault sticks" corresponding to faults on a vertical seismic section).
 * 3) Construction of a structural model describing the main rock boundaries (horizons, unconformities, intrusions, faults)
 * 4) Definition of a three-dimensional mesh honoring the structural model to support volumetric representation of heterogeneity (see Geostatistics) and solving the Partial Differential Equations which govern physical processes in the subsurface (e.g. seismic wave propagation, fluid transport in porous media).

Structural framework
Incorporating the spatial positions of the major formation boundaries, including the effects of faulting, folding, and erosion (unconformities). The major stratigraphic divisions are further subdivided into layers of cells with differing geometries with relation to the bounding surfaces (parallel to top, parallel to base, proportional). Maximum cell dimensions are dictated by the minimum sizes of the features to be resolved (everyday example: On a digital map of a city, the location of a city park might be adequately resolved by one big green pixel, but to define the locations of the basketball court, the baseball field, and the pool, much smaller pixels – higher resolution – need to be used).

Rock type
Each cell in the model is assigned a rock type. In a coastal clastic environment, these might be beach sand, high water energy marine upper shoreface sand, intermediate water energy marine lower shoreface sand, and deeper low energy marine silt and shale. The distribution of these rock types within the model is controlled by several methods, including map boundary polygons, rock type probability maps, or statistically emplaced based on sufficiently closely spaced well data.

Reservoir quality
Reservoir quality parameters almost always include porosity and permeability, but may include measures of clay content, cementation factors, and other factors that affect the storage and deliverability of fluids contained in the pores of those rocks. Geostatistical techniques are most often used to populate the cells with porosity and permeability values that are appropriate for the rock type of each cell.

Fluid saturation
Most rock is completely saturated with groundwater. Sometimes, under the right conditions, some of the pore space in the rock is occupied by other liquids or gases. In the energy industry, oil and natural gas are the fluids most commonly being modelled. The preferred methods for calculating hydrocarbon saturations in a geologic model incorporate an estimate of pore throat size, the densities of the fluids, and the height of the cell above the water contact, since these factors exert the strongest influence on capillary action, which ultimately controls fluid saturations.

Geostatistics
An important part of geologic modelling is related to geostatistics. In order to represent the observed data, often not on regular grids, we have to use certain interpolation techniques. The most widely used technique is kriging which uses the spatial correlation among data and intends to construct the interpolation via semi-variograms. To reproduce more realistic spatial variability and help assess spatial uncertainty between data, geostatistical simulation based on variograms, training images, or parametric geological objects is often used, e.g.

Mineral Deposits
Geologists involved in mining and mineral exploration use geologic modelling to determine the geometry and placement of mineral deposits in the subsurface of the earth. Geologic models help define the volume and concentration of minerals, to which economic constraints are applied to determine the economic value of the mineralization. Mineral deposits that are deemed to be economic may be developed into a mine.

Technology
Geomodelling and CAD share a lot of common technologies. Software is usually implemented using object-oriented programming technologies in C++, Java or C# on one or multiple computer platforms. The graphical user interface generally consists of one or several 3D and 2D graphics windows to visualize spatial data, interpretations and modelling output. Such visualization is generally achieved by exploiting graphics hardware. User interaction is mostly performed through mouse and keyboard, although 3D pointing devices and immersive environments may be used in some specific cases. GIS (Geographic Information System) is also a widely used tool to manipulate geological data.

Geometric objects are represented with parametric curves and surfaces or discrete models such as polygonal meshes.

Research in Geomodelling
Problems pertaining to Geomodelling cover:
 * Defining an appropriate Ontology to describe geological objects at various scales of interest,
 * Integrating diverse types of observations into 3D geomodels: geological mapping data, borehole data and interpretations, seismic images and interpretations, potential field data, well test data, etc.,
 * Better accounting for geological processes during model building,
 * Characterizing uncertainty about the geomodels to help assess risk. Therefore, Geomodelling has a close connection to Geostatistics and Inverse problem theory,
 * Applying of the recent developed Multiple Point Geostatistical Simulations (MPS) for integrating different data sources,
 * Automated geometry optimization and topology conservation

History
In the 70's, geomodelling mainly consisted of automatic 2D cartographic techniques such as contouring, implemented as FORTRAN routines communicating directly with plotting hardware. The advent of workstations with 3D graphics capabilities during the 80's gave birth to a new generation of geomodelling software with graphical user interface which became mature during the 90's.

Since its inception, geomodelling has been mainly motivated and supported by oil and gas industry.

Geologic modelling software
Software developers have built several packages for geologic modelling purposes. Such software can display, edit, digitise and automatically calculate the parameters required by engineers, geologists and surveyors. Current software is mainly developed and commercialized by oil and gas or mining industry software vendors:

 * Geologic modelling and visualisation
 * IRAP RMS Suite
 * GeoticMine
 * Geomodeller3D
 * DecisionSpace Geosciences Suite
 * Dassault Systèmes GEOVIA provides Surpac, GEMS and Minex for geologic modeling
 * GSI3D
 * Mira Geoscience provides GOCAD Mining Suite, a 3D geological modelling software that compiles, models, and analyzes for valid interpretation that honours all data.
 * Seequent provides Leapfrog 3D geological modeling & Geosoft GM-SYS and VOXI 3D modelling software.
 * Maptek provides Vulcan, 3D modular software visualisation for geological modelling and mine planning
 * Micromine is a comprehensive and easy to use exploration and mine design solution, which offers integrated tools for modelling, estimation, design, optimisation and scheduling.
 * Petrel
 * Rockworks
 * SGS Genesis
 * Move
 * SKUA-GOCAD
 * Datamine Software provides Studio EM and Studio RM for geological modelling
 * BGS Groundhog Desktop free-to-use software developed by the GeoAnalytics and Modelling directorate of British Geological Survey.

 * Groundwater modelling
 * FEFLOW
 * FEHM
 * MODFLOW
 * GMS
 * Visual MODFLOW

 * ZOOMQ3D

Moreover, industry Consortia or companies are specifically working at improving standardization and interoperability of earth science databases and geomodelling software:
 * Standardization: GeoSciML by the Commission for the Management and Application of Geoscience Information, of the International Union of Geological Sciences.
 * Standardization: RESQML(tm) by Energistics
 * Interoperability: OpenSpirit, by TIBCO(r)

title: Geologic modelling


text:
User talk:Mbbx6spp

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

 * Tutorial
 * Help desk
 * Policy Library
 * Utilities
 * Cite your sources
 * Verifiability
 * Wikiquette
 * Civility
 * Conflict resolution
 * Brilliant prose
 * Neutral point of view
 * Pages needing attention
 * Peer review
 * Bad jokes and other deleted nonsense
 * Village pump
 * Boilerplate text
 * IRC channel
 * Mailing lists
 * Current polls

Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 20:44, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mbbx6spp


text:
Shenzhou 4

Shenzhou 4 – launched on December 29, 2002 – was the fourth uncrewed launch of the Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft. Two dummy astronauts were used to test the life support systems (a live astronaut was not used until Shenzhou 5 on October 15, 2003).

The spacecraft was equipped for a crewed flight, even featuring a sleeping bag, food, and medication. The windows were constructed of a new material that was designed to stay clear even after reentry to allow an astronaut to confirm that the parachutes have deployed properly. It was said that the spacecraft flown on Shenzhou 4 had no major differences to that used on Shenzhou 5. It flew with the ability for manual control and emergency landing, systems needed for a crewed flight. A week before the launch, astronauts trained in the spacecraft to familiarise themselves with its systems.

Initially the spacecraft was in a 198 km by 331 km orbit inclined at 42.4°. This was raised to 330 km by 337 km at 23:35 UTC on December 29, 2002. On January 4 and January 5, 2003 several smaller manoeuvres were thought to have taken place. The rate of orbital decay seemed higher after January 1, suggesting that the orbital module's solar panels may have been deployed for the first time. Compared to Shenzhou 3 the orbital period of Shenzhou 4 was much more tightly bounded with smaller manoeuvres.

The launch of Shenzhou 4 was watched by officials including Chairman of the National People's Congress Li Peng; Vice Premier and member of the Politburo Standing Committee Wu Bangguo; Jia Qinglin, also a member of the Standing Committee; Cao Gangchuan, vice-chairman of the Central Military Commission; Song Jian, vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference; and Li Jinai, head of the General Armament Department of the People's Liberation Army. According to the weather forecast, the launch site was -29°C.

The spacecraft carried 100 peony seeds to investigate the effect of weightlessness on plants grown from them. The 52 experiments onboard investigated areas in physics, biology, medicine, earth observation, material science, and astronomy.

Four tracking ships were used for the mission — one off the coast of South Africa in the South Atlantic Ocean, one in the Indian Ocean near Western Australia, one in the North Pacific Ocean south of Japan, and one in the South Pacific Ocean west of New Zealand.

The reentry module landed safely about 40 km from Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. As with previous flights, the command for reentry to begin was given by a tracking ship off the coast of South Africa. It was thought before the flight that the Chinese would attempt a water landing to test the emergency system but this did not happen. The orbital module remained in orbit until September 9, 2003.

title: Shenzhou 4


text:
George Liberace

George Liberace (July 31, 1911 – October 16, 1983) was an American musician and television performer.

Biography
Born in Menasha, Wisconsin on July 31, 1911, George Liberace was the elder brother and business partner of famed entertainer Liberace. He appeared regularly on his brother's syndicated television show in the 1950s as a violin accompanist and orchestral arranger. On occasions when he did not appear, Liberace would often say his catchphrase "I wish my brother George was here".

In the 1960s and 1970s, his name was licensed to George Liberace Songsmiths, Inc., a mail-order music publishing operation of somewhat dubious integrity. On October 5, 1974, a new independent UHF television station, KMUV-TV Channel 31, signed on in Sacramento, California with George Liberace as the station's general manager and on-the-air host. The new station played non-stop movies. However, on May 1, 1976, KMUV abandoned its all-movie format and largely began to air Spanish-language programming, along with some English-language religious programs, with George Liberace resigning his managerial job with the station around this time.

In 1979, he retired from conducting and performing the violin onstage and devoted most of his time to managing the Liberace Museum in Las Vegas, even occasionally giving tours to visitors himself in showing the cars, pianos and costumes and other artifacts owned by his brother. From 1967 until his death, George Liberace was married to Eudora Albrecht. He lived most of his life in Palm Springs, California, in a house owned by his brother.

George Liberace died of leukemia at a hospital in Las Vegas, Nevada, on October 16, 1983, at age 72, and was interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills.

title: George Liberace


text:
Nanosys

Nanosys is a nanotechnology company located in Milpitas, California and founded in 2001. The company develops and manufactures quantum dot materials for display products.

History
On July 28, 2021, Bloomberg reported that Nanosys was in talks to go public via GigInternational1 SPAC. A transaction is set to value the combined entity at about $1 billion.

In May 2023, Dr. Martin Devenney was named Chief Executive Officer. Devenney was the former Chief Operating Officer.

In September 2023, Nanosys was acquired by Shoei Chemical, Inc.

Quantum Dot Enhancement Film (QDEF)
Nanosys Quantum Dot Enhancement Film, or QDEF, is an optical film component for LED driven LCDs. Each sheet of QDEF contains trillions of tiny Quantum Dot Phosphors. QDEF enables LED-backlit LCDs to be brighter and more colorful by providing a high quality, tri-color white light from a standard blue LED light source. Larger than a water molecule, but smaller than a virus, these tiny phosphors convert blue light from a standard Gallium Nitride (GaN) LED into different wavelengths based upon their size. Larger dots emit longer wavelengths (red), while smaller dots emit shorter wavelengths (green). Blending together a mix of dot colors allows Nanosys to precisely engineer a new spectrum of light to customer specifications.

The Quantum Dots are tuned to create better color by changing their size during fabrication to emit light at just the right wavelengths. Traditional light emitting materials such as crystal phosphors have a broad fixed spectrum. Quantum dots can convert light to nearly any color in the visible spectrum, giving display designers the ability to tune and match the spectrum more accurately to color filters while improving energy efficiency.

QDEF was announced on May 17, 2011 at the Society for Information Display (SID) Display Week tradeshow. It has been adopted in products such as the Amazon Kindle Fire HDX 7 (2013) and the ASUS Zenbook NX-500 (2014).

At the Consumer Electronics Show 2015 it became known that Nanosys has licensed Samsung Electronics as well as 3M to manufacture QDEF products. QDEFs from 3M are used by top US TV brand Vizio (M-Series Quantum, P-Series Quantum & P-Series Quantum X) as well as TV manufacturers Hisense (ULED TV) and TCL (QLED TV) TV sets.

In 2020, Nanosys announced a supply agreement with Shoei Chemical, a Japan-based producer of nanoparticles, under which the latter became the sole manufacturing partner of QD materials.

QuantumRail
Announced just after CES in January 2010 as part of a commercial agreement with Korean consumer electronics manufacturer and LG subsidiary LG Innotek, the quantum rail is a glass capillary optical component containing red and green quantum dots that is inserted between the LEDs and the lightguide panel (LGP) of an LED LCD in manufacturing to improve color gamut.

Awards

 * ''Society for Information Display DisplayWeek People's Choice Award 2019: Best Large Booth

 * Society for Information Display Display Component of the Year Award 2017: Hyperion Quantum Dots

 * Society for Information Display Best in Show 2015: Small booth category, Cadmium-Free Quantum Dot Enhancement Film (QDEF) comparison demo

 * Society for Information Display Best in Show 2014: Small booth category, Quantum Dot Enhancement Film (QDEF) High Dynamic Range, wide color gamut demo with Dolby

 * Society for Information Display Gold Component of the Year Award 2012: Quantum Dot Enhancement Film (QDEF)
 * Society for Information Display Best in Show 2011: Small booth category

 * Best of CES: 2011 Enabling Technology Award

 * Silicon Valley Business Journal Emerging Technology Awards: Winner, life sciences

 * Wall Street Journal 2010 Technology Innovation Awards: Runner up, semiconductors

Founders, funding, and patents
Nanosys was founded by Larry Bock, Charles Lieber and Paul Alivisatos. They were subsequently joined by Steve Empedocles, Wally Parce and Calvin Chow.

Major funders of the company include Venrock Associates, Samsung, BOE Technology, LG Display, ARCH Venture Partners, Intel, El Dorado Ventures, Polaris Venture Partners, Prospect Ventures, Harris & Harris Group, Lux Capital, Applied Materials and Wasatch Advisors.

Nanosys has developed a significant quantum dot patent portfolio with over 650 issued and pending patents worldwide. These patents cover the fundamentals of quantum dot construction as well as component and manufacturing designs. This portfolio is the result of collaborations between Nanosys and universities such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Hebrew University, as well as industry collaborations with companies including Philips-Lumileds and Life Technologies.

Nanosys also led the development of nanowire technology for solar cell, fuel cell, and lithium-ion battery applications, which it spun out in 2013 to a company now known as OneD Battery Sciences.

title: Nanosys


text:
South Charleston

South Charleston is the name of the following places in the United States of America:

 * South Charleston, Ohio, a village
 * South Charleston, West Virginia, a city

title: South Charleston


text:
Johnny Dare

Johnny Dare (born John William Caprefoli; August 27, 1968) is an American radio personality. He is host of The Johnny Dare Morning Show the morning show for 98.9 The Rock in Mission, Kansas. He is one of the station's more prominent figures, and hosts the station's annual concert festival, Rockfest, which has grown to become the biggest one-day concert event in the country.

Career
After cutting his teeth co-hosting a local segment on Kansas City affiliate for nationally syndicated radio network Z Rock, and working in the promotions department for local Top 40-turned-Young Country station KBEQ, Dare was hired by the late Doug Sorenson to work at the then one-year-old KQRC-FM.

Debuting on KQRC in 1993, The Johnny Dare and Murphy Morning Show quickly grew in popularity and has since consistently topped the Arbitron ratings for its time slot.

The show currently features (along with Dare), Nycki Pace, Kyle, Jake the Phone Snake and Gregg.

Despite a show that often pushes the envelope, with segments like "Naked Twister" that netted them a $220k fine from the Federal Communications Commission(FCC), the show gives back to the community thru their "Hand Up Campaign", and with Dare's involvement as Honorary Chairman of the March of Dimes annual Bikers for Babies Ride.

In 1996, Dare launched the Hope For The Holidays Campaign, helping individuals and families who aren't able to be helped by conventional charities. This eventually spawned the Hand Up Campaign, spreading the message year round.

Dare is also the narrator on the truTV series, Full Throttle Saloon which focuses on the Sturgis, SD based bar of the same name.

In 2010, Dare spearheaded a backlash against Kansas City Parks board member, Aggie Stackhaus for comments made after the 2010 edition of Rockfest, when rain, mud and 55,000 concert-goers resulted in damage to the park grounds. (The station had already made arrangements to repair the damage) Stackhaus later resigned.

Controversy
In December 2004, the Federal Communications Commission proposed fines totaling $220,000 against Entercom Communications for alleged indecency violations during multiple broadcasts in April and May 2002 of the Morning Show on KQRC-FM in Kansas City, Kansas, and KFH-AM in Wichita, Kansas. The FCC claimed that the material included repeated graphic and explicit sexual descriptions that were pandering, titillating or used to shock the audience. As justification for proposing the maximum fine, the Commission noted "the egregious nature of the violations and Entercom's history of prior indecent broadcasts."

The commission's official notice ran 28 pages, including 18 pages of transcripts for the four alleged violations. The FCC rejected Entercom's contention that, because KQRC generally enjoys high ratings, "the contemporary community standards of the Kansas City listening community are such that the material is not patently offensive." Entercom further argued that the FCC's definition of indecency was "unconstitutionally vague and overbroad" citing Reno v. ACLU and Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition. The Commission said that the notion of contemporary standards is not different in different regions of the country, but reflects "an average broadcast listener" and isn't tied to "any particular geographic area."

In addition, the FCC said that a station's popularity does not reflect acceptance of the broadcast material by the local community; "Whether particular material is actionably indecent does not turn on whether the station that broadcast it [or the program] happens to be popular in its particular market." Finally, the Federal Communications Commission denied Entercom's assertions of the unconstitutionality of its definition of indecency, stating in conclusion, "The constitutional validity of the Commission's indecency standard has been repeatedly affirmed by the courts" and that Ashcroft v. Free Speech Commission and Reno v. ACLU did not alter this conclusion.

The FCC 'Notice of Apparent Liability For Forfeiture' dated December 22, 2004, asserts that the fines were assessed for four separate on-air incidents which occurred on April 4, April 29, May 2, and May 3, 2002. The April 4 incident was in response to an on-air game of "Naked Twister" with local female contestants. The April 29 Incident stemmed from and interview with pornographic film star Dave Cummings in which Cummings described the events of the "2002 Wildlife Productions Anal Contest" in graphic detail. The incident on May 2 similarly stemmed from an interview with pornographic film star Ron Jeremy, particularly their discussion of Jeremy's ability to "self-fellate", and his graphic descriptions of sexual encounters with an obese woman. The final incident specifically named in the FCC notice occurred on May 3, 2002 when Sunset Thomas, a pornographic actress, was "masturbated on-air to orgasm with a vibrator" with assistance from then show member T-Bone.

title: Johnny Dare


text:
Talk:Losing chess

Variant 3
I imagine that in this variant, if a king can choose between check-evading moves and some are captures, you are obligated to choose the capture, right? Double sharp (talk) 12:51, 9 October 2019 (UTC)
 * This text cites the first (1994) version of the Encyclopaedia of Chess Variants which I cannot find a PDF of online. I suspect you are right, but we would need to see if a source is specific on this. In the second edition ( p.86) the entry has been substantially rewritten by Beasley: "Losing Chess is one of the few games which I know better than David did, and I have taken it on myself to revise his intended entry.". Beasley is less precise about sub-variants: "Major variations involve the treatment of stalemate (some play it as a draw or as a win for the player who is left with the smaller number of men) and promotion (some prohibit promotion to K, some allow promotion only to Q). Some players prohibit castling, but this is rarely of importance.". --LukeSurlt c 12:32, 10 October 2019 (UTC)
 * I think I have it. Look at Les Echecs Battu-Battant on p.86 of ECV2. ‘Les Echecs Battu-Battant’ is basically Losing Chess as described below and again capturing is normally compulsory, but in two versions the king retains royal powers and escaping check has priority over a capture. The aim is either (1) to give checkmate or to be left with bare king, or (2) the same but the checkmated player wins.. These are, in effect, variants 3 and 4 discussed in the article as it currently stands. I think we should rewrite the article to reflect how it is discussed in the second edition of the Encyclopaedia of Chess Variants (and mention Les Echecs Battu-Battant). --LukeSurlt c 14:46, 10 October 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Losing chess


text:
Leslie Morris

Leslie Tom Morris (October 10, 1904 – November 13, 1964) was a Welsh-Canadian politician, journalist and longtime member of the Communist Party of Canada and, its front group, the Labor-Progressive Party. He was leader of the Ontario Labor-Progressive Party in the 1940s and general secretary of the Communist Party of Canada from 1962 until his death in 1964.

Life and career
Morris was born in Somerset, England, to a Welsh working-class family. He and his family immigrated to Canada in 1910. Morris returned to the UK in 1917 and lived in Wales and England while working in the steel, coal mining and railway industries. He returned to Canada in time to join the Communist Party of Canada at its founding convention held December 1921 in Guelph, Ontario.

He became a prominent figure in the party first as secretary of the Young Communist League of Canada from 1923 to 1924, and then as editor over the years of various Communist newspapers including The Worker, Daily Clarion, Daily Tribune and Canadian Tribune.

Morris supported Tim Buck and the supporters of Joseph Stalin in the party during the factional struggles and purges of the late 1920s and early 1930s.

He was a candidate for the House of Commons of Canada on several occasions, but never elected:
 * In the 1940 election, he ran as a Communist in Winnipeg North, coming in third place with 17% of the vote, which was larger than the number of votes separating the Conservative victor from the defeated Cooperative Commonwealth Federation incumbent, Abraham Albert Heaps.
 * In a 1954 by-election, Morris was the Labor-Progressive candidate in the Toronto-area riding of York West, and came in fourth (and last) place with only 282 votes.
 * In the 1958 election, he ran in York South, placing fourth out of five candidates with 427 votes.
 * In the 1962 election, he ran for the Communist Party in the Toronto riding of Trinity winning 449 votes.
 * He tried again in the 1963 election in the same riding, and won 391 votes

Morris also campaigned unsuccessfully for provincial office. In the Manitoba provincial election of 1932, he ran in the city of Winnipeg as a "United Front Workers" candidate (the Communist Party being under legal proscription at the time). At the time, the provincial constituency of Winnipeg elected ten members by the single transferable ballot system. Morris finished eighth on the first count, and came within 309 votes of winning the tenth seat on the final count. Had he won, he would have been the first Communist elected to a provincial legislature in Canada. Litterick would be elected in 1936 setting that record.)

Morris was a popular stump speaker for the party and toured the country speaking to left wing and labour audiences. From 1954 until 1957, he was the national organizer of the Labor-Progressive Party (as the Communist Party had been known since 1943) and, in 1962, he succeeded Tim Buck as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Canada (as it was again known) and held the position until his death two years later.

title: Leslie Morris


text:
User talk:Quirk

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Proposed Image Deletion
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All files in category Unclassified Chemical Structures listed for deletion
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Nomination of Effective half-life for deletion
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Speedy deletion nomination of Tulenkantajat (band)

A tag has been placed on Tulenkantajat (band) requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a band or musician, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please read more about what is generally accepted as notable.

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title: User talk:Quirk


text:
South Coventry

South Coventry may refer to the following places in the United States:

 * South Coventry (CDP), Connecticut
 * South Coventry Historic District
 * South Coventry Township, Pennsylvania

title: South Coventry


text:
South Creek

South Creek may refer to:

 * South Creek (New South Wales), a creek in Australia
 * South Creek Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America
 * South Creek Township, South Dakota, United States of America
 * An archaeological site in Ras Beirut, Lebanon

title: South Creek


text:
Edward Gibson, 1st Baron Ashbourne

Edward Gibson, 1st Baron Ashbourne (4 September 1837 – 22 May 1913), was an Anglo-Irish lawyer and Lord Chancellor of Ireland.

Background and education
Born at 22 Merrion Square, Dublin, Gibson was the son of William Gibson J.P. (1808–1872), of Rockforest, County Tipperary, and Merrion Square, Dublin, by his first wife, Louisa, daughter of Joseph Grant, barrister of Dublin. He was the elder brother of John George Gibson, who was also a distinguished lawyer and judge of the High Court. He was educated at Trinity College Dublin, graduating BA in 1858, winning the gold medal in History, English Literature and Political Science. He was also an Auditor and a Gold Medallist of the College Historical Society, and became its president in 1883.

Legal and judicial career
Having been called to the Irish bar in 1860, Gibson was made an Irish Queen's Counsel in 1872 and three years later was elected Conservative Member of Parliament for Dublin University after unsuccessfully contesting Waterford. Enjoying the patronage of Benjamin Disraeli, Sir Stafford Northcote and Lord Randolph Churchill, he was appointed Attorney-General for Ireland in 1877, before being admitted to the Irish Privy Council, and then appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1885, becoming a British Privy Counsellor that same year.

On his appointment as Lord Chancellor, Gibson was raised to the peerage as Baron Ashbourne, of Ashbourne in the County of Meath in 1885. He was almost single-handedly responsible for the drafting of the Purchase of Land (Ireland) Act 1885 which was commonly known as the Ashbourne Act.

He resigned the Lord Chancellor's office in February 1886 on the return of the Liberals to power, but was reappointed by Lord Salisbury in August of that year. For the next twenty years (with a short interval of three years when Gladstone returned to power in 1892), Lord Ashbourne held office as Lord Chancellor of Ireland, finally retiring at the age of 68. He was highly regarded as a judge even at a time when the Irish Bench boasted such outstanding judges as Gerald FitzGibbon, Hugh Holmes and Christopher Palles. It was in part at least due to his presidency that the Irish Court of Appeal gained a reputation as the strongest court ever to sit in Ireland.

In 1900, Winston Churchill's agent Gerald Christie secured Ashbourne's services to take the chair and introduce the journalist /politician's Dublin lecture on his South African Adventures.

Family
Lord Ashbourne married Frances Maria Adelaide Colles (1849–1926), daughter of barrister Henry Jonathan Cope Colles and his wife Elizabeth Mary, daughter of John Mayne of Dublin, in 1868. Lady Ashbourne was a niece of John Dawson Mayne and granddaughter of Abraham Colles; her sister Anna married another eminent judge Sir Edmund Thomas Bewley

They lived in Fitzwilliam Square and produced four sons, the eldest son and heir being William Gibson, 2nd Baron Ashbourne, and four daughters. One of their daughters, Violet Gibson, made an attempt to assassinate Benito Mussolini in 1926. Lord Ashburne died in London in 1913 and was cremated at Golders Green crematorium, his ashes being placed in Mount Jerome Cemetery, Dublin. In Dublin, he was a member of the Kildare Street Club.

title: Edward Gibson, 1st Baron Ashbourne


text:
Don Murray (actor)

Donald Patrick Murray (July 31, 1929 – February 2, 2024) was an American actor best known for his breakout performance in the film Bus Stop (1956, with Marilyn Monroe), which earned him a nomination for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. His other films include A Hatful of Rain (1957), Shake Hands with the Devil (1959, with James Cagney), One Foot in Hell (1960, with Alan Ladd), The Hoodlum Priest (1961), Advise & Consent (1962, with Henry Fonda and Charles Laughton), Baby the Rain Must Fall (1965, with Steve McQueen and Lee Remick), Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972), Deadly Hero (1975), and Peggy Sue Got Married (1986, with Kathleen Turner).

Murray starred in television series such as The Outcasts (1968–1969), Knots Landing (1979–1981), and Twin Peaks (2017).

Early life and career
Donald Patrick Murray was born in Los Angeles on July 31, 1929, the second of three children, to Dennis Aloisius Murray, a Broadway dance director and stage manager, and Ethel Murray (née Cook), a former Ziegfeld Follies performer.

Murray attended East Rockaway High School (class of 1947) in East Rockaway, New York, where he played football and was on the track team. He was a member of the student government, glee club, and joined the Alpha Phi Chapter of the Omega Gamma Delta Fraternity. Upon graduation from high school, he studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. After graduating from the AADA, he soon made his Broadway debut in the play The Rose Tattoo (1951), as Jack Hunter.

A member of the Brethren Church, Murray registered as a conscientious objector during the Korean War, when many young American men were being drafted into the armed forces. Murray was assigned to alternative service in Europe, where he helped orphans and war casualties.

In 1954, Murray returned from Europe to the United States and acting. He starred alongside Mary Martin in the stage version of The Skin of Our Teeth. Upon seeing his performance in the play, director Joshua Logan decided to cast him in 20th Century Fox's film adaptation of Bus Stop, a play by William Inge.

Film and television career
Murray's role as Beauregard "Beau" Decker in Bus Stop (1956) marked his film debut. He starred alongside Marilyn Monroe, who played Cherie, the object of his desire. His performance as the innocent cowboy who is determined to get Cherie was well received, and he was nominated for a BAFTA for Most Promising Newcomer and for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

In 1957, Murray starred as reserved, married bookkeeper Charlie Sampson in The Bachelor Party. That same year he starred in one of his most successful roles, that of Johnny Pope in the drama A Hatful of Rain. Despite director Fred Zinnemann's intention to typecast the actor as the comical brother Polo, Murray insisted on playing the lead. Thus he portrayed Johnny Pope, a morphine-addicted Korean War veteran. The film was one of the first to show the effects of drug abuse on those suffering from addiction and the people around them.

Murray starred as a blackmailed United States senator in Advise & Consent (1962), a film version of a Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Allen Drury. The movie was directed by Otto Preminger and cast Murray opposite Henry Fonda and Charles Laughton. He also co-starred with Steve McQueen in Baby the Rain Must Fall (1965), and played the ape-hating Governor Breck in Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972).

In 1976, Murray starred in the film Deadly Hero. In addition to acting, Murray directed a film based on the book The Cross and the Switchblade (1970). He starred with Otis Young in the ABC western television series The Outcasts (1968–1969) featuring an interracial bounty hunter team in the post-Civil War West.

In 1979, Murray starred as Sid Fairgate on the prime-time soap opera Knots Landing. He also scripted two episodes of the program in 1980. In 1981, Murray decided to leave the series after two seasons to concentrate on other projects, but some sources say he left over a salary dispute. The character's death was notable at the time, because it was considered rare to kill off a star character. The death came in the second episode of season three, following season two's cliffhanger in which Sid's car careened off a cliff. To make viewers doubt that the character had actually died, Murray was listed in the credit sequence for season three; in fact, season three revealed that Fairgate had survived the plunge off the cliff (thus temporarily reassuring the viewers), but died shortly afterwards in a hospital. Although he effectively distanced himself from the series after that, Murray later contributed an interview segment for Knots Landing: Together Again, a reunion special made in 2005.

Retrospective
In July 2014, a retrospective of Murray's films was held at the Roxie Theater in San Francisco.

Personal life
In 1956, Murray married Hope Lange, with whom he had co-starred in Bus Stop. They had two children, Christopher and Patricia. They divorced in 1961. In 1962, he married Elizabeth Johnson and they had three children, Colleen, Sean, and Michael.

Murray lived in Goleta, California. He died at his home on February 2, 2024, at the age of 94.

title: Don Murray (actor)


text:
User talk:Craig Schamp

Welcome to the Wikipedia
Here are some links I thought useful:

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Feel free to ask me anything the links and talk pages don't answer. You can sign your name by typing 4 tildes, like this: ~.

Be Bold!

Sam [Spade] 21:07, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)

Thanks for the helpful tips, Sam.

Craig Schamp 06:43, Aug 1, 2004 (UTC)

title: User talk:Craig Schamp


text:
Talk:Southern France

Aquitaine
Aquitaine is not on the mediteranean but on the atlantic side of southern france. In france we often consider that the south is divided in two group of region which climate, vegetation and habits varies a lot : is "sud-est" for the mediteranean regions and corsica. and "sud-ouest" for the aquitaine and midi-pyrenes regions

western europe
"North France is western europe, while southern is south europe.."

I'm French, I'm sorry but southern France is as much part of western Europe as the southern part. Italy, Spain and Portugal are also part of western europe. I don't see the reason to oppose western europe and southern europe. I don't see the reason to limit western europe to NORTH-western Europe. Western Europe has two sides : the northern one is germanic (UK, Netherlands, Germany, scandinavia) the other is latin (France, Italy, Spain, Portugal) but both are western european !
 * Totally agree with you, but I think this sentence comes from some germanico-nazi-anglo-saxon who thinks that western nordic european are a superior race and look down people from Italy, Spain, Portugal and south France. Lol, this is really stupid.
 * Yes spanish, italian, portuguese and french are part of western european, why have you a problem with that dear anglo-saxons friends ?
 * I just add there are also some anglo-saxons who love to claim that south France is different from North France and tell stupid story about separatism like we're in Belgium, lol. Guess what the last man who try to separate France in 2 was Hitler. You know, the guy who kill millions innocents people.If you want to be associate with him, it's your problem.
 * France is France, I don't know any french people from south to north who wish to see France cut in 2, so please dear anglo-saxons, stop to put comments like this in the future. That makes you look ridiculous from a french point of view.

— Preceding unsigned comment added by User: (talk • contribs)

Basque
You forgot that part of Basque Homeland is situated in South France and Basque language is spoken there long before the Romans came. You also forgot that part of Catalan Homeland is situated in South France as well, in the East Part. This part was lost for the Kingdom of Aragon by the Treaty of the Pirenees in the 17th century. Catalan language is originary of that area too. — Preceding unsigned comment added by User: (talk • contribs)

limousin not part of the south
it's a middle state and has no connection whatsoever with the south. People think differently, speak differently and there is no sun in winter.... Abdelkweli 23:08, 25 July 2007 (UTC)

This is not relevant. Actually, there's no sun in the winter in Hendaye either, and they don't speak the same language as their neighbors but it's still the south. This article gives us a very arbitrary definition of the south. Because according to some definitions, Lyon, Bordeaux or Limousin are indeed parts of the south, according to others they are not. According to many, the south begins under the La Rochelle / Lyon line, according to others, it begins under the Loire river, or under the Bordeaux / Valence lines. There's no single definition of southern France, unlike what this article seems to be implying. The basque country doesn't speak occitan but it's always considered a part of southern france. Auvergne does speak a langue d'oc, but it's rarely considered southern. Lyon used to be considered part of the south, now it's quite rare to refer to it as a southern city (it speaks a language that is different from both french and occitan, but it does have a southern climate - quite close to that of Toulouse - and many common elements with the midi). — Preceding unsigned comment added by 88.181.126.68 (talk) 21:45, 14 September 2013 (UTC)

why this article exists ?
I wonder, I'm french and i don't think this is usefull, France is France, why not include this in the article about France. Is there a special article about south spain? south germany ? I don't think so.Fol2choco (talk) 00:57, 19 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Well the French invented the term. Please see this stub on the French wikipedia here. Mathsci (talk) 08:16, 19 November 2009 (UTC)
 * There certainly is no need for this article as titled, but you see a lot of these extraneous article names on Wikipedia, unfortunately. But some brains need it all laid out for them. For example, many may not have guessed that a vehicle door was a door on a vehicle, or that a bicycle tire was a tire on a bicycle, if some diligent Wikipedian hadn't provided us with the key to unlock those cryptic terms. — Preceding unsigned comment added by User: (talk • contribs)
 * It would be better to give the article its French name, (Le) Midi, as that is a widely used term that will not be clear to many readers not familiar with France. Eric talk 18:20, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

is there a difference between 'Southern France' and 'Sub-Loirean France' ?
London seems full of French Sub-Loireans after work like their fellow economic migrants in the so-called 'Calais Jungle'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2A02:C7D:411:1600:226:8FF:FEDC:FD74 (talk) 00:27, 27 April 2016 (UTC)

Le vieux fusil
Please include Le vieux fusil in the list of films set in Southern France. Everybody got to be somewhere! (talk) 23:24, 23 January 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Southern France


text:
Talk:Extensis

Comment
From VfD:

 * All that is said in this entry content wise is: "Extensis is a software company based in Portland, Oregon, and owned by Japanese technology firm Celartem Technology Inc. One of its products is Portfolio." It also has two links to its own website.  If we keep this then we should keep them all on.  Does not demonstrate any notable characteristics to this company.  Google hits for "related:extensis.com" are minimal and all seem to be dual marketing campaigns rather than news or other notable content.  mbbx6spp 17:08 (EDT) 31 Jul 2004
 * Delete: Not notable enough.  The article does not explain significance. Geogre 21:36, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete keep if Suitcase product is notable. Portfolio (image management computer program) reads like an ad too. --Ianb 21:39, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * It even mentions the "recommended street price" ... I'm astonished. Elf-friend 21:46, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. Wikipedia is not a business directory. Elf-friend 21:42, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Wish that were true, Elf-friend (and therefore my friend) - but you can do a Wikisearch for any of the Fortune Five Million and find 'em here... Denni ☯ 02:15, 2004 Aug 1 (UTC)
 * Extensis's Suitcase product was once-upon-a-time near-required software for Mac users. Keep, list on cleanup. -- Cyrius|✎ 22:19, 31 Jul 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep. bbx 01:14, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete. DannyBoy | Talk 02:12, 1 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Clean up and keep. Cyrius' comment says all. Denni ☯ 02:13, 2004 Aug 1 (UTC)

end moved discussion

title: Talk:Extensis