text:
Koi Kaze

Koi Kaze (恋風) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Motoi Yoshida. It was published in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Evening from 2001 to 2004, with its chapters collected in five volumes by Kodansha. The series tells of the incestuous relationship that develops between 28-year-old Koshiro, and his 15-year-old sister, Nanoka.

It was adapted into a 13-episode anime television series by A.C.G.T. Directed by Takahiro Omori, it was broadcast on TV Asahi from April to June 2004; only twelve episodes of the series aired, with the remaining episode streamed online and later included in both DVD releases and when the series aired in reruns as the eighth episode. The anime series was licensed for release in North American by Geneon Entertainment, which released three DVD volumes in 2005.

Synopsis
Twenty-eight-year-old Koshiro Saeki, who lives with his father Zenzo, is dumped by his girlfriend Shoko of two years, who claims he was too cold and she had found someone else. While on a train the morning after, he sees high school student Nanoka Kohinata looking at a button and crying. Later, as she is getting off the train, she unknowingly drops her train pass and Koshiro follows to return it to her. Koshiro finds himself watching her sudden smile as she notices the cherry blossoms are in bloom. Later, Koshiro is leaving his job at a marriage-arranging company with a coworker when he encounters the same girl again. Having two free tickets to a nearby amusement park, he gives them to her. To his surprise, she asks him to go with her. While on the Ferris wheel, the girl explains that she was crying on the train because she'd been rejected by a boy she had been in love with for several years. Koshiro ends up telling her about his own break up, and cries while she comforts him.

As they leave the park together, having enjoyed the outing and expecting to part and never meet again, they run into their father and are shocked to discover they are siblings. Nanoka moved to Tokyo just that morning to live with them because their home is closer to her new high school. As Koshiro hadn't gone home the night before, he hadn't learned of her arrival. Since they had grown up living separately, they didn't know what the other looked like.

As the series progresses, Koshiro finds himself unable to rid himself of the attraction that he felt for Nanoka when he first met her. Instead, his love and desire continue to grow, despite his attempts to fight them. Entering womanhood, Nanoka also develops feelings for her older brother, only increasing Koshiro's struggle. In near desperation, he moves out of the family home to remove himself from temptation and attempts to keep his coworker, Kaname Chidori, from finding out the truth behind his brusqueness with Nanoka.

However, the solution is only temporary, as Nanoka begins visiting Koshiro regularly, cooking him meals and spending time with him. Eventually, unable to resist their feelings anymore, they share a passionate kiss and have sex with each other. Unsure of what to do now that they have broken a societal taboo, they visit their parents, before contemplating committing suicide together. In the end, they decide to live, and to continue their relationship.

Characters

 * Koshiro Saeki (佐伯 耕四郎)
 * A 28-year old largely-built man usually sporting a five o'clock shadow, Koshiro works for a marriage-arranging company and lives with his divorced father. He had almost completely forgotten that he had a little sister until she came and moved in with them. He finds himself battling with society's definition of what an older brother should be and his sexual and romantic feelings for his sister.
 * A 28-year old largely-built man usually sporting a five o'clock shadow, Koshiro works for a marriage-arranging company and lives with his divorced father. He had almost completely forgotten that he had a little sister until she came and moved in with them. He finds himself battling with society's definition of what an older brother should be and his sexual and romantic feelings for his sister.

 * Nanoka Kohinata (小日向 七夏)
 * Nanoka is a 15-year-old high school girl who has moved to Tokyo to live with her father and older brother to attend school. A bright and active girl, she grows increasingly fond of her older brother, though is regularly annoyed with his brusque nature. Her friends unwittingly tease her about having a "brother complex", not realizing that Nanoka is actually falling in love with him.
 * Nanoka is a 15-year-old high school girl who has moved to Tokyo to live with her father and older brother to attend school. A bright and active girl, she grows increasingly fond of her older brother, though is regularly annoyed with his brusque nature. Her friends unwittingly tease her about having a "brother complex", not realizing that Nanoka is actually falling in love with him.

 * Zenzo Saeki (佐伯 善三)
 * Zenzo is Koshiro and Nanoka's father. He is prone to bouts of hysterical worry and cares for both of his children, though in particularly Nanoka.
 * Zenzo is Koshiro and Nanoka's father. He is prone to bouts of hysterical worry and cares for both of his children, though in particularly Nanoka.

 * Makie Kohinata (小日向 梢絵)
 * Makie is Koshiro and Nanoka's mother. Until moving to Tokyo, Nanoka lived with her mother, who runs a hair salon. She rarely sees Koshiro, though she speaks to him fondly when he visits.
 * Makie is Koshiro and Nanoka's mother. Until moving to Tokyo, Nanoka lived with her mother, who runs a hair salon. She rarely sees Koshiro, though she speaks to him fondly when he visits.

 * Kaname Chidori (千鳥 要)
 * Kaname is Koshiro's supervisor and appears to be around his age. While she is often critical of his sloppy appearance, she encourages him where she can. When Koshiro first sees Nanoka outside his job, Chidori encourages him to go on a date with her, not learning until later that Nanoka is his sister. She eventually becomes suspicious of the siblings' relationship, and upon realizing she is correct, attempts to get them to end things, even trying to convince Nanoka that she is dating Koshiro. When she realizes that the siblings can't be happy unless they are together, she decides to leave them alone in hopes they can live with their choice. She shares the same name as Kaname Chidori from Full Metal Panic!.
 * Kaname is Koshiro's supervisor and appears to be around his age. While she is often critical of his sloppy appearance, she encourages him where she can. When Koshiro first sees Nanoka outside his job, Chidori encourages him to go on a date with her, not learning until later that Nanoka is his sister. She eventually becomes suspicious of the siblings' relationship, and upon realizing she is correct, attempts to get them to end things, even trying to convince Nanoka that she is dating Koshiro. When she realizes that the siblings can't be happy unless they are together, she decides to leave them alone in hopes they can live with their choice. She shares the same name as Kaname Chidori from Full Metal Panic!.

 * Kei Odagiri (小田切圭)
 * Odagiri works in the same office as Koshiro and Kaname Chidori. He is the office pervert, who always wants a teenage girl as his significant other, revised after meeting Nanoka to wanting a younger teenage sister. He serves as a contrast to Koshiro, and as comic relief.
 * Odagiri works in the same office as Koshiro and Kaname Chidori. He is the office pervert, who always wants a teenage girl as his significant other, revised after meeting Nanoka to wanting a younger teenage sister. He serves as a contrast to Koshiro, and as comic relief.

 * Futaba Anzai (安西 双葉)
 * Futaba is Nanoka's first friend at her high school. She has brown hair worn in two twintails, and wears glasses.
 * Futaba is Nanoka's first friend at her high school. She has brown hair worn in two twintails, and wears glasses.

 * Yoko Tamaki (玉木 洋子)
 * Yoko is a friend of both Nanoka and Futaba. with short blonde hair. She attends the same high school as them, but is in a different class. In Episode 3, Youko is shown to have a boyfriend who went to cram school with her. Before meeting Nanoka, she and Futaba went to the same middle school together.
 * Yoko is a friend of both Nanoka and Futaba. with short blonde hair. She attends the same high school as them, but is in a different class. In Episode 3, Youko is shown to have a boyfriend who went to cram school with her. Before meeting Nanoka, she and Futaba went to the same middle school together.

 * Kazuya Miyauchi (宮内 和也)
 * Kazuya is a male classmate of Nanoka and Futaba. He has an older sister who is two years older than him.
 * Kazuya is a male classmate of Nanoka and Futaba. He has an older sister who is two years older than him.

 * Shoko Akimoto (秋元 翔子)
 * Shoko was Koshiro's ex-girlfriend at the beginning of the series. The reason she broke up with him was because she believed that he was "too cold" towards her and she had found another boyfriend.
 * Shoko was Koshiro's ex-girlfriend at the beginning of the series. The reason she broke up with him was because she believed that he was "too cold" towards her and she had found another boyfriend.

Manga
Written and illustrated by Motoi Yoshida, Koi Kaze was serialized in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Evening from the September 2001 to the 2004. Kodansha collected its 35 chapters in five volumes, released from March 22, 2002, to December 21, 2004.

Anime
A 13-episode anime television series by Geneon Entertainment and Rondo Robe and directed by Takahiro Omori, was broadcast on TV Asahi from April 1 to June 17, 2004. The series also aired on Kids Station. TV Asahi refused to air the eighth episode; it aired on Kids Station and also streamed online on the Geneon Entertainment website and included in the subsequent DVD releases. Geneon released the series across five DVD volumes in Japan, with the first volume released on July 23, 2004, and the final volume released November 25, 2004.

The anime series is licensed for release in North American by Geneon USA which released it across three DVD volumes in 2005.

The episodes uses two pieces of theme music. "Koi Kaze" by éf is used as the opening song for all of the episodes except for episode twelve, which does not have an opening sequence. "Futari Dakara" (ふたりだから) by Masumi Itō is used for the series ending theme.

CDs
A full-size version of the series ending theme, "Futari Dakara" was released to CD single by Masumi Itō on May 26, 2004. A complete CD soundtrack followed on July 23, 2004. The soundtrack contains 31 tracks, including various instrumental background pieces composed by Masanori Takumi and Makoto Yoshimori, the full size opening theme, and the TV version of the ending theme.

Reception
"Koi Kaze is not a series which is going to suit everyone's tastes due to its subject matter. It has the potential, though, to be the year's premiere romantic anime series." — Theron Martin, Anime News Network.

"With the first third of the show on this volume, it's definitely one of the better structured doomed romances that I've seen in anime in a long time." — Chris Beveridge, Mania.

"There are a million ways this series could have gone wrong. Instead, Koi Kaze deserves the highest marks possible for its thoughtful, honest, and mature handling of such a difficult and controversial issue." — Carlos Ross, THEM Anime Reviews.

"Koi Kaze is not a reassuring show, but if it skirts the edge of disaster instead of plunging in, it may offer warmth to lonely, troubled people, and that's worth a lot." — Christian Nutt, Newtype USA.

title: Koi Kaze


text:
Hor Namhong

Hor Namhong  (ហោ ណាំហុង; born 15 November 1935) is a Cambodian diplomat who served in the government of Cambodia as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1990 to 1993 and again from 1998 to 2016. He is a member of the Cambodian People's Party and has been a Deputy Prime Minister since 2004. He served as Cambodia's foreign minister for a combined tenure of 20 years.

Early life and education
Born at Phnom Penh, Hor Namhong was educated at the École royale d'administration (diplomatic section) in Cambodia. He holds a Master of Law degree from the Faculty of Law in Paris and a diploma from the European Institute of High International Studies in France.

Early career
Between 1967 and 1973 Hor Namhong served at the Embassy of Cambodia in Paris, which became the mission of the exiled Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea (GRUNK) in 1970. Between 1973 and 1975 he represented Cambodia as ambassador to Cuba.

Boeng Trabek prison camp
Between 1975 and 1979 Hor Namhong claims to have been a prisoner of the Khmer Rouge at Boeng Trabek. There have been accusations that he collaborated with his captors but Hor Namhong denies the accusations and was successful in a defamation suit against his accusers. On April 27, 2011, Hor Namhong lost a defamation suit in the French Supreme Court in which he claimed he was innocent of atrocities committed during the Khmer Rouge regime from 1975 through 1979.

In July 2011 Namhong lodged a protest with United States officials regarding a leaked diplomatic cable. The undated cable claimed that Namhong "became head of the Beng Trabek (sic) camp and he and his wife collaborated in the killing of many prisoners."

Subsequent career
In 1980, following the fall of the Khmer Rouge, Hor Namhong joined the government as Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs. In 1982 he was appointed as ambassador to the Soviet Union, a post which he held until 1989. In 1989 he returned to Cambodia as Minister of the Council of Ministers in charge of Foreign Affairs. In 1990 he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and in 1991 became a member of the Supreme National Council of Cambodia.

Between 1987 and 1991 Hor Namhong was one of the key negotiators in the peace talks to end the "Cambodia Conflict". In October 1991 he was a signatory of the Paris Peace Agreement.

In 1993 he returned to the diplomatic corps as ambassador to France. In 1998 he returned to government as a Member of the National Assembly and Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. In 2004, in addition to his position as foreign minister, he was appointed a deputy prime minister.

He retired from his post as foreign minister on 4 April 2016 after 17 years in office, though remained as a deputy prime minister. He was the longest serving Cambodian foreign minister.

Personal life
Hor Namhong is married, having five children. His eldest son, Hor Sothoun, is Permanent Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation and his two other sons serve as ambassadors: Hor Nambora as Ambassador to the United Kingdom and Hor Monirath as Ambassador to Japan (current Secretary of State of the Ministry of Tourism).

National

 * KHM Ordre Royal du Cambodge - Grand Croix BAR.png Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Cambodia
 * KHM Royal Order of Monisaraphon - Grand Officer.png Grand Officer of the Royal Order of Monisaraphon

Foreign

 * Ordre national du Merite GO ribbon.svg Grand Officer of the National Ordre du Mérite (France)
 * Order of the White Elephant - 1st Class (Thailand) ribbon.svg Grand Cross of the Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant (Thailand)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hor Namhong


text:
User talk:Uli

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Uli


text:
Frank W. Higgins

Frank Wayland Higgins (August 18, 1856 – February 12, 1907) was an American politician who served as the 35th governor of New York.

Early life
Higgins was born in Rushford, New York, on August 18, 1856. He was the son of Orrin Thrall Higgins (1826–1890) and Lucia Cornelia (née Hapgood) Higgins (1831–1868). Given the first name "Francis" at birth, he called himself "Frank" from an early age. His elder sister was Clara Alzina Hapgood Higgins, who later married Frank Sullivan Smith, one time head of the Shawmut Railroad. His father, a descendant of Stephen Hopkins of the Mayflower, was a successful merchant who owned a chain of grocery stores in Olean, New York and held mining and timber tracts in Michigan, Wisconsin, Washington, Oregon, and Minnesota.

Higgins's grandfather was a pioneer physician of distinction in Western New York.

Higgins attended Rushford Academy and then Riverview Academy, a military school in Peekskill, New York, from which he graduated in 1873. He then attended a commercial college in Binghamton, New York.

Career
After completing his education Higgins worked as a sales agent for an oil company in Detroit and Chicago, and then became a partner in the Stanton, Michigan, mercantile firm of Wood, Thayer, and Company. In 1879, Higgins returned to New York and became a partner in his father's business, Higgins, Blodgett & Co.

Political career
He was a delegate to the 1888 Republican National Convention. In 1894, Higgins was elected to the New York Senate with a plurality of 8,046 votes over his opponent, and he served for eight years, sitting in the 117th, 118th (both 32nd D.), 119th, 120th, 121st, 122nd, 123rd, 124th and 125th New York State Legislatures (all seven 50th D.). While in the Senate, he served on various committees and was "Chairman of the Finance Committee for a longer period than any other man."

In 1888, he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in Chicago that resulted in the nomination of former Senator Benjamin Harrison of Indiana for President and Levi P. Morton of New York, a former Congressman and Minister to France, for Vice President.

In 1902, Higgins was the successful Republican candidate for lieutenant governor against Democrat Charles N. Bulger (663,689 votes to 653,555 votes), and he served one term from 1903 to 1904. In what was considered the Republican Roosevelt wave, due to former New York Governor's Theodore Roosevelt's election to the Presidency, Higgins was the successful Republican nominee for governor in 1904, and he served one term from January 1905 to December 1906. He was succeeded by fellow Republican Charles Evans Hughes (who later became the U.S. Secretary of State and Chief Justice of the United States).

Higgins was in ill health at the end of his term and died just six weeks after leaving office. In his obituary in The New York Times, it was said:

"'The illness of ex-Gov. Higgins covers practically the whole of his administration of two years. His health was not robust when he was nominated for Governor in 1904, and it is but chronicling the truth to say that the campaign taxed him greatly. Following his election he was able to rest up, and for a time he felt better than in months. On assuming office, however, the cares of the Governorship wore on him and each month increased the pressure.'"

Personal life
On June 5, 1877, Higgins was married to Kate Corinne Noble (1855–1929), a daughter of Aaron Harrison Noble and Aldura (née Bell) Noble. They married in Stanton, Michigan, where Higgins was then in business. Together, they were the parents of:

 * Orrin Thrall Higgins (1879–1912)
 * Josephine Bell Higgins, who married Émile Lucien Hovelaque, the Inspector General of Public Instruction in France, in 1911.
 * Frank Harrison Higgins (1886–1937).
 * Clarence Noble Higgins (1890–1890), who died in infancy of Cholera Infantum.

Among Higgins closest friends was Olean Mayor Nicholas Van Vranken Franchot, who served as the New York State Superintendent of Public Works during Higgins administration.

Higgins died of heart disease in Olean on February 12, 1907. After an Episcopal burial service read at his residence, he was buried at Mount View Cemetery in Olean. President and Mrs. Roosevelt sent flowers, as did Governor Hughes and many other prominent people. Higgins estate was valued at $1,250,000, considerably less than the $15,000,000 estimated around his death. His wife died at the Higgins residence, 128 South Street in Olean, in May 1929.

Legacy
Higgins official portrait as Governor of New York was painted by Buffalo, New York, native, Eugene Speicher.

A biography of Higgins, Frank Wayland Higgins: New York’s Forgotten Governor, was authored by William Gabler in 2002.

title: Frank W. Higgins


text:
Legend of the Red Dragon

Legend of the Red Dragon (LORD) is a text-based online role-playing video game, released in 1989 by Robinson Technologies. LORD is one of the best known door games. The player's goal is to improve their skills in order to defeat the Red Dragon which has been attacking the village. The software is compatible with DOS, Microsoft Windows, and OS/2. The game was sold to and is currently owned by Metropolis Gameport.

History
LORD was created by Seth Robinson of Robinson Technologies and is currently maintained by Michael Preslar. Robinson began to write LORD in Pascal to run on his bulletin board system. As he did not have access to other door games such as Trade Wars, he needed something that would occasionally bring people back to the BBS. The first version of LORD only featured the chatting and flirting systems. Over time, Robinson incorporated features that he had seen work well in other games: for example, the restricted number of turns per day, and the concept of random events. Eventually LORD became a mixture of action and romance.

Initially only intended to run on his own BBS, Robinson eventually received offers from users who wanted to run it on other systems. After the first sale, word-of-mouth advertising increased its popularity.

LORD was a successful game, and by 1993 many BBSs had active communities of players. Over the next few years, MUDs began to overtake BBS door games as the multiplayer online format of choice, and in 1998 Robinson sold the game and its sequel to Metropolis Gameport. He went on to write other small games for PC and mobile platforms. His final release of LORD was version 4.00a.

Metropolis Gameport contracted Michael Preslar on January 8, 2001, to continue the game's development. The most recent version of LORD (4.08) was released in 2009 as a patch (via the DOSEMU patch archive), and was labeled as "Patch for Lord 4.07 for OS/2, dosemu, and most all other emulated environments". The latest version available on the official site is 4.07, with the full package for 4.08 being under inspection since Oct 22, 2007. According to Preslar, further updates to the LORD software were planned, including a web application and versions for ELF-compatible Linux and Unix systems (completed but available only to beta testers), but his latest statement on the matter, in 2013, is that he no longer has a system that allows him to work on the game.

Gameplay
The premise of LORD is that a red dragon is wreaking havoc in a town where the player has recently arrived. Multiple players compete over a period of weeks to advance their skills and to kill the dragon. In order to achieve this goal, players must face combat to gain experience. Once they have gained enough experience, they must face their master at Turgon's Warrior Training and advance in skill level. Advancement increases the players fighting stats and gives an additional skill point in the current skill (up to 40). Advancement also presents stronger enemies and masters; a player must challenge and defeat master Turgon himself to reach level 12, the final level, before attempting to search for and slay the dragon.

As a BBS game, LORD uses a text-only interface. Later versions of LORD also gave the option of using RIP (Remote Imaging Protocol) graphics, which required the use of a RIP client to view.

Players select a character class, choosing from among Death Knight Skills, Mystical Skills, and Thieving Skills. While a player is training in a particular skill, s/he is subject to random events in the woods for that particular skill, which provide opportunities for advancement. Eventually, players may master all three skills.

Players can take a certain number of actions every day. Actions could be to fight monsters in the forest, attack other players or to attempt to slay the red dragon itself. In addition, every day a player can send a "flirt" to another player character which may range from a shy wink, to sex, to a marriage proposal. Sometimes this can be done more than once a day. Sex may result in contracting sexually transmitted diseases, and female characters might become pregnant.

While a player is looking for forest monsters a number of random forest events can occur; these involve simple events such as finding gold or gems as well as interactions with a number of non-player characters such as Olivia, men/maidens in distress, The old hag, the old man, etc. and the opportunity to advance in your skill if they pass the test. This is also where a player encounters the Flowers in the fairy garden and meets up with a group of fairies bathing.

There are three non-player characters located at the Inn: Seth Able the bard, Violet the barmaid, and the unnamed Bartender. Seth Able the bard will sing a song for a player. Once a day, players can listen to Seth's song and receive a bonus, such as the doubling of one's bank account, or additional forest or player vs. player fight opportunities. The Bartender provides services and information to any warrior who can pay him in gold or gems, but provides nothing for free.

Male players can also flirt with Violet, and female players with Seth Able (named after Robinson ), in a fashion similar to flirting with other players. Success is based on the player's charm points. A marriage to Violet or Seth may last one day or two months or more; unlike player-player marriages, the software may terminate these bonds at any time. During marriage, offspring are possible for male players, and more likely for female players. Offspring bring sometimes surprising benefits to warriors.

LORD allows many players to play simultaneously, in BBSs that support it. This allows real-time player-versus-player battles.

LORD features several in-game message boards, as well as a limited electronic mail system, which allow players to converse. Players may use the mail system to send flirtations to other players of the opposite sex, propose trysts, or marriage.

The registration system let all players play until level six, then it wouldn't allow players to get past to level 7 until the program was registered. Users often sent in funds for that very purpose. Some players even registered their own copy of LORD for local use so they could practice skills and test strategies.

IGMs
In-Game Modules (IGMs) are small software extensions written by third-party developers that add functionality to LORD. A number of these were created and widely distributed. IGM software was first developed on the Amiga, and then ported to MS-DOS. Some IGMs were written to allow a "cheating" style of game play, and others have presented bugs or loopholes to be exploited by players. The current maintainer of the LORD software, has introduced a scripting language called Lady in order to allow smoother development of game extensions.

Wizardstone
Wizardstone was planned to be a major IGM and the author was so enthusiastic about it, he convinced Robinson to advertise it by mentioning its two main characters in a forest event within the game itself. The IGM had a number of features that Robinson was impressed with, most notably its blackjack game. Though the IGM Wizardstone was never released it is, none-the-less, important to the history of the game, perhaps the most important LORD IGM because it is the only IGM mentioned in the game itself and it was the inspiration for the forest event character "Olivia" and was the source of the Blackjack event, thus impacting Lord games which don't even have IGMs installed.

It was supposed to contain an ending to Olivia's story (which the games states will be continued in it). There was once talk of adding an ending to Olivia's story to the game, but nothing ever came of that.

Reception
The game sold only seven copies in its debut year, but word of mouth drove sales to 30,000 units over the next seven years of release.

In Gamasutra's essay on the history of computer role-playing video games, LORD was considered to be a highly playable and memorable game, with colorful text and humor. The Escapist magazine highlighted the way LORD handled sexuality, which became more mature as Robinson developed the game over the years.

Ports and sequels
Robinson developed an official sequel, Legend of the Red Dragon II: New World, in 1992. It featured real-time multiplayer gameplay, with ANSI art graphics, in a Roguelike top-down view. LORD II 's final release came in 1998, before its sale to Metropolis Gameport.

The first LORD spin-off, Tournament LORD, was written by Robinson. It was a multiplayer version designed for the MBBS/Worldgroup BBS systems.

The second port was Wildcat Tournament Legend of the Red Dragon (WT-LORD), a multi-player version created for Wildcat! BBS systems, written by Joseph Marcelletti and Allan Benjamin. Robinson was impressed with this port and used some of its features in the next version of TLORD. It was maintained by IceRage Technologies but is now freeware and no longer developed or supported.

Legend of the Green Dragon
Legend of the Green Dragon is a Web-based variation with major differences in game play. Despite the similarity in name, it is an entirely different game that is not written or authorized by the author or the current owners of Legend of the Red Dragon. Legend of the Green Dragon (also referred to as LotGD) is an open-source game that allows any Web developer to customize and create their own version of the game using the PHP language.

title: Legend of the Red Dragon


text:
European Hockey League

The European Hockey League was a European ice hockey club competition which ran between the years 1996 and 2000.

History
It was established in 1996 by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) and commercial partner CWL Telesport and first contested in 1996–1997. In 1996–97, twenty teams played in five divisions. After home and away intra-division games, the division winners plus the three best second-placed teams went into the quarter-finals. The first winners were Finnish club TPS, who beat Russian HC Dynamo Moscow 5–2.

In the 1997–98 season, 24 teams competed in six divisions. The division winners and the two best second-placed teams progressed to the quarter-finals. The league title was won by Austrian team VEU Feldkirch, who beat Russian side Dynamo Moscow 5–3.

In the 1998–99 season, 24 teams competed in six divisions. The top two in each division were paired off against each other in two-game, home-and-away series. The winners of these six playoffs went into the semi-final round, which was played in two groups of three. The winner of each of these two groups played in the final. For the third year in a row, Dynamo Moscow lost the final, this time to fellow-Russians Metallurg Magnitogorsk.

In the 1999–2000 season, 16 teams competed in four divisions. The two best clubs in each division advanced to the semi-final round, which was played as two-game, home-and-away series. The four winners of the semi-finals qualified for the EHL Top Four Final. In that final round, Metallurg Magnitogorsk defended its title, this time beating Czech club Sparta Prague 2–0.

Following consultation with its commercial partner, then called CWL Holding AG, the IIHF decided to suspend the running of the European Hockey League for the 2000–01 season. Despite financial investment and the improved quality of the contest, attention from the media, spectators, and TV networks in Europe was not seen as satisfactory. In order to optimize exposure of the league in Europe, the IIHF decided to consult with European broadcasters starting with the 2001–02 season. An international club competition, in the tradition of the previous European Cup, was staged by the IIHF for the 2000–01 season, but the European Hockey League did not restart.

title: European Hockey League


text:
This Island Earth

This Island Earth is a 1955 American science fiction film produced by William Alland, directed by Joseph M. Newman and Jack Arnold, and starring Jeff Morrow, Faith Domergue and Rex Reason. It is based on the 1952 novel of the same name by Raymond F. Jones. The film, distributed by Universal-International, was released in 1955 on a double feature with Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy.

Upon initial release, the film was praised by critics, who cited the special effects, well-written script, and the eye-popping Technicolor as being its major assets. In 1996, it was edited down and lampooned in Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie, a spin-off of the popular film-riffing television series Mystery Science Theater 3000.

The 1952 novel by Jones was originally serialized in the science fiction magazine Thrilling Wonder Stories as three related novelettes: "The Alien Machine" (June 1949), "The Shroud of Secrecy" (December 1949), and "The Greater Conflict" (February 1950). Jones had taken the novel title from a line in Robert Graves' poem, "Darien" ("It is a poet’s privilege and fate/To fall enamoured of the one Muse/Who variously haunts this island earth".)

Plot
Physicist and leading atomic scientist Dr. Cal Meacham is flying to his laboratory in a loaned Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star. Just before landing, the jet's engine fails, but he is saved from crashing by a mysterious green glow that surrounds his aircraft.

Back at his laboratory, Meacham discovers that an unusual substitute for the electronic condensers that he had ordered have been delivered from a mysterious source. Intrigued that the condensers appear to be made from an unknown and almost indestructible material, he later orders instructions and parts to build a complex device called an "interocitor". Neither Meacham nor his assistant, Joe Wilson, have heard of such a device, but they immediately begin its construction. When they finish, a mysterious man named Exeter appears on the interocitor's screen and informs Meacham that he has passed a test. His ability to build the interocitor demonstrates that he is gifted enough to be part of Exeter's special research project. Exeter triggers a beam which causes the interocitor to self-destruct.

Despite his reservations, Meacham remains intrigued and is picked up at the fog-shrouded airport by an unmanned, computer-controlled Douglas DC-3 aircraft with no windows. Landing in a remote area of Georgia, he finds an international group of top atomic scientists already present, including an old flame, Dr. Ruth Adams. Cal is confused by Ruth's failure to recognize him and suspicious of Exeter, his assistant Brack, and other odd-looking men leading the project.

Cal and Ruth flee with a third scientist, Steve Carlson, but their car is attacked and Carlson is killed. When they take off in a Stinson 108 single engine aircraft, Cal and Ruth watch as the research facility and all its inhabitants are incinerated. Their aircraft is then drawn up by a bright green beam into a flying saucer. Exeter explains that he and his men are from the planet Metaluna and are locked in a war with the Zagons. They defend against Zagon attacks with a planetary energy field, but are running out of uranium to keep it operational. They have enlisted humans in an effort to transmute lead into uranium, but time has now run out. Exeter takes both Earthers back to his world, sealing them in conditioning tubes to normalize the pressure differences between the planets.

They land safely on Metaluna, but the planet is under bombardment by Zagon spaceships guiding flaming meteors as weapons against them. The defensive "ionization layer" is failing, and the battle is entering its final stage. Metaluna's leader, the Monitor, reveals that the Metalunans intend to flee to Earth. He insists that Meacham and Adams be subjected to a Thought Transference Chamber to subjugate their free will. He further indicates this will be the fate of the rest of humanity after Metalunan relocation. Exeter believes that this is immoral and misguided.

Before the couple can be sent into the device, Exeter helps them escape. Exeter is badly injured by a mutant guard while he, Cal, and Ruth flee from Metaluna in the saucer. The planet's ionization layer becomes totally ineffective as they leave. Under the constant Zagon bombardment, Metaluna begins heating up and turns into a lifeless "radioactive sun". The mutant guard has also boarded the saucer and attacks Ruth, but dies as a result of the pressure barrier differences on the way back to Earth.

As they enter the Earth's atmosphere, Exeter sends Cal and Ruth away in their Stinson aircraft, declining to join them. Exeter is dying and the ship's energy is nearly depleted. The saucer flies out over the ocean, rapidly accelerates until it is enclosed in a fireball, and crashes into the water where it explodes.

Cast

 * Jeff Morrow as Exeter
 * Faith Domergue as Ruth Adams
 * Rex Reason as Cal Meacham
 * Lance Fuller as Brack
 * Russell Johnson as Steve Carlson
 * Douglas Spencer as The Monitor
 * Robert Nichols as Joe Wilson
 * Orangey as Neutron the cat

Production
Principal photography for This Island Earth took place from January 30 to March 22, 1954. Location work took place at Mt. Wilson, California. Most of the Metaluna sequence was directed by Jack Arnold; the front office was apparently dissatisfied with the footage Newman shot and had it redone by Arnold, who unlike Newman had several sci-fiction films to his credit.

Most of the sound effects, the ship, the interociter, etc. are simply recordings of radio teletype transmissions picked up on a short-wave radio played at various speeds. In a magazine article, the special effects department admitted that the "mutant" costume originally had legs that matched the upper body, but they had so much trouble making the legs look and work properly that they were forced by studio deadline to simply have the mutant wear a pair of trousers. Universal-International's film posters show the mutant as it was supposed to appear.

This title was one of the very few "flat widescreen" titles to be printed direct-to-matrix by Technicolor. This specially ordered 35-millimeter printing process was intended to maintain the highest possible print quality, as well as to protect the film negative. Another Universal film that was also given the direct-to-matrix treatment was Written on the Wind.

Box-office
This Island Earth was released in June 1955, and by the end of that year had accrued US$1,700,000 in distributors' domestic (United States and Canada) rentals, making it the year's 74th biggest earner.

Critical response
A review in The New York Times by Howard Thompson stated: "The technical effects of This Island Earth, Universal's first science-fiction excursion in color, are so superlatively bizarre and beautiful that some serious shortcomings can be excused, if not overlooked." "Whit" in Variety wrote: "Special effects of the most realistic type rival the story and characterizations in capturing the interest in this exciting science-fiction chiller, one of the most imaginative, fantastic and cleverly- [sic]conceived entries to date in the outer-space film field." Philip K. Scheuer of the Los Angeles Times was also positive, calling it "one of the most fascinating — and frightening — science-fiction movies to come at us yet from outer space ... To the camera and effects men must go the major laurels for making this wonders visible and audible — in awesome Technicolor and a sound track that is as ear-wracking as it is eerie." The Monthly Film Bulletin was less positive, writing: "Faced with the wonders of space, man's reactions prove, as usual, dreadfully limited. The dialogue—especially in the faked-up romance between Doctors Meacham and Adams—remains resolutely earth-bound, while the ending is simply a spacial variation on the conventional curtain. Joseph Newman has done his best to make his characters as intriguing as his special effects, but they have neither the stature nor the expression."

Since its original release, the critical response to the film has continued to be mostly positive. Bill Warren has written that the film was "the best and most significant science fiction movie of 1955 … [it] remains a decent, competent example of any era's science fiction output". In Phil Hardy's The Aurum Film Encyclopedia: Science Fiction, the film was described as "a full-blooded space opera complete with interplanetary warfare and bug-eyed monsters ... the film's space operatics are given a dreamlike quality and a moral dimension that makes the dramatic situation far more interesting". Danny Peary felt that the film was "colorful, imaginative, gadget-laden sci-fi". At the film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a score of 71%, based upon 14 reviews. Greater Milwaukee Today described it as "an appalling film".

In popular culture

 * The design for the Metaluna Monitor has proved itself to be an iconic look for an alien. Influencing even H.R. Giger's design for the Xenomorphs in the Alien franchise. This has led to the design being used in several homages, as well as the Metaluna Monitor himself making appearances in various pieces of film, television, games, and other forms of pop-culture.
 * Castle Films released a 9 to 12-minute (depending on projector speed) 8 mm cutting from the film (with the retitle War of the Planets) for the home audience, beginning in 1961.
 * In Explorers (1985), one of the films that protagonist Ben watches is This Island Earth. In that film and this one, the character builds a device with help from an alien so that they may meet.
 * A brief homage to This Island Earth is seen in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982). E.T. turns the television on during a showing of the film, at the scene when Cal and Ruth are being abducted by the aliens, and Cal says "They're pulling us up!"
 * A segment of the television series Wonder Woman (season 2, episode 10, 1977) uses space battle footage from the film, and the alien planet shown is also recycled This Island Earth footage.
 * The album Happy Together (1987) by the a cappella group The Nylons featured a track titled "This Island Earth".
 * The video game Zak McKracken and the Alien Mindbenders (1988) contains key references to the film, such as large-headed aliens disguised as humans, communications through interstellar teleconferencing, and an aircraft being pulled into a flying saucer.
 * Shock rock metal band GWAR's fourth album, This Toilet Earth (1994), and its companion short-form film Skulhedface, contain numerous references to This Island Earth, including the title, an alien with an over-sized brain posing as a human, and communication between aliens using an interstellar teleconference device.
 * New Jersey punk rock band The Misfits included a song tribute entitled "This Island Earth" on their album American Psycho (1997).
 * The alien Orbitron, the Man from Uranus, from the 1960s toy line "The Outer Space Men", also known as Colorform Aliens, is based on the Mutant.
 * A fan of This Island Earth, comedian/musician Weird Al Yankovic, has featured the interocitor in both his film UHF (1989) and the music video for "Dare to be Stupid".
 * The Metaluna Mutant is one of the many alien monsters held captive at Area 52 in Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003). It's later one of the aliens released by Marvin the Martian so that it could stop the main characters from taking the "Queen of Diamonds" card.
 * Experimental pop artist Eric Millikin created a large mosaic portrait of the Metaluna Mutant out of Halloween candy and spiders as part of his "Totally Sweet" series in 2013.
 * This Island Earth is the film-within-the-film in Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie. In order to maintain a 73-minute runtime and to accommodate several "host segments", This Island Earth was edited down by about 20 minutes. Writer/star Michael J. Nelson said that This Island Earth was chosen to mock because, he felt, "nothing really happens" and "it violates all the rules of classical drama". Writer Kevin Murphy added that the film had many elements that the writing crew liked, such as "A hero who's a big-chinned white-guy scientist with a deep voice. A wormy sidekick guy. Huge-foreheaded aliens who nobody can quite figure out are aliens – there's just 'something different about them'. And a couple of rubber monsters who die on their own without the hero ever doing anything".
 * In the "Bad Bob" episode of the animated series ReBoot, a binome asks if Bob's car crash is due to a problem with its interocitor.
 * Dan Aykroyd cited This Island Earth as inspiration in part for the Coneheads he created on Saturday Night Live—aliens whose large heads go largely unmentioned by the earthlings who observe them.
 * A poster of the film appears in chapter 3, page 11 of the graphic novel Watchmen.

Home media
Shout! Factory released the film on Blu-ray with a new 4K scan of the interpositive in two different aspect ratios: 1.85:1 and 1.37:1. The 1:37:1 version is available for rental views on YouTube.

title: This Island Earth


text:
User talk:Dataphile

Hello and welcome to Wikipedia! Hope you like it here, and stick around.

Here are some tips to help you get started:

 * To sign your posts (on talk pages, for example) use the '~' symbol. To insert just your name, type ~~~ (3 tildes), or, to insert your name and timestamp, use ~~~~ (4 tildes).
 * Try the Tutorial, and feel free to experiment in the test area.
 * If you need help, post a question at the Help Desk
 * Follow the Simplified Ruleset
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Remember Neutral point of view
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and, most importantly, have fun!

Good luck!

Last Exile
Hello, I undid many of the wikilinks you added to the Last Exile article, because I suspect that new articles on those subtopics aren't needed; I think it would be better if information on specific elements of the anime series can be added to the main Last Exile page. - RedWordSmith 20:16, 15 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Binomial distribution
Hello. I may attend to the matter you raised about confidence intervals soon. But there are only 24 hours in each day. Michael Hardy 18:49, 27 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Articles for deletion nomination of Legend of the Green Dragon
I have nominated Legend of the Green Dragon, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Legend of the Green Dragon&. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time.Please contact me if you're unsure why you received this message. — Hellknowz ▎talk 23:10, 9 May 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dataphile


text:
User talk:Gauge

feel free to place any constructive criticism or comments here. i am a friendly guy, so please no yelling. - Gauge 00:23, 4 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Question about sylow theorem 1
Hi, I was wondering how you get pr divides |Ω| and pr+1 does not. It doesn't seem to follow directly from the definition of Ω   —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.239.152.13 (talk) 05:02, 13 July 2008 (UTC)

 * There's a little bit of combinatorial magic going on there. Just count the factors of p in $${p^k m} \choose {p^k}$$. A professor of mine once said "finite group theory is just combinatorics". I think he was slightly biased, but this proof is a good example in his favor. ;-)   - Gauge (talk) 04:27, 28 October 2008 (UTC)

Cauchy-Schwarz inequality
My faithful bot asked me to tell you that he is much happier now with downcased "which". :) Actually I do remember that particular article (I double check every article) but I was too lazy to actually downcase "which" myself. I think the style of the article is better now. And thanks for not reverting on me. :) Oleg Alexandrov 04:28, 22 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm glad the bot is happy; it was annoying me too :-)  I don't revert except in cases of vandalism.  These bots are a great service, so thanks! - Gauge 05:30, 26 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Wassup yo
Hi, Mike. I noticed your opponent on the UMBC entry rolled back my edit and branded me a vandal. As if! Mine was merely pointed social commentary, reflecting on the silliness of the place-name-quibbling. I'm a killer. - Deadbarnacle

 * I don't consider them to be "opponents". Rather, they are other contributors acting in good faith. - Gauge 20:12, 28 July 2005 (UTC)

Hi
Just noticed that you're editing articles on my watchlist, so I thought I'd say hi! linas 04:35, 20 May 2005 (UTC)
 * Hi :-) I recently became interested in analytic number theory so I've been browsing and editing those pages quite a bit.  In the modular forms article I was wondering if F could somehow be interpreted as a functor.  Would you know anything about this?  - Gauge 04:43, 20 May 2005 (UTC)

 * I've never had any formal education on category theory, and whenever I try to read a book on it, I fall asleep on page 3 because it always seems too simple. User:Charles Matthews would know; but he's also quite busy as he's the math overlord here on Wikipedia.

Color charge
I can't quite give an accurate definition for color charge off the top of my head. I think you can say that the color charge of a Lie algebra (any Lie algebra) is the same as the root system of the algebra. To be more correct, we should really talk about a given irreducible and/or semi-simple rep. The reason that this is so is understood by working with the principal bundle of the associated Lie group. The connection (fiber bundle) is Lie-algebra valued. The Hamiltonian mechanics of a classical (not quantum!) particle coupled to the principal bundle is such that the momentum can be written as

 * $$p = d+qA$$

where d is the exterior derivative on the base space (or the covariant derivative if the base space is curved) and A is the connection on the principal G-bundle. Here q is the charge, it is a vector that multiplies the Lie-algebra-valued A so that p becomes a vector in the space of the Lie algebra as well. It should be immediately recognized that p is the covarient derivative on the fiber bundle. When the underlying manifold (the base space) is physical space-time, then p can be understood to be the momentum of a particle with a given color charge, being acted on by the gauge field A.

The term charge comes from analogy to the electromagnetic field. Mathematicaly speaking, the elecromagentic field can be understood to be a line bundle or a principal bundle with fibre U(1). The strength of the electromagnetic field (literally, the strength of the electric field and the magnetic field) is given by the curvature $$F=dA$$ of the connection A. (In Minkowski spacetime, one of the four components of A is called the electric potential and the other three are called the magnetic vector potential). (More generally, the curvature of a principal bundle is given by $$F=dA+[A,A]$$ but the second term vanishes when the Lie algebra is Abelian. In the non-Abelian case, F is known as the Yang-Mills field.) The traditional coupling of an electrically charged particle is given thorough it's momentum, p=d+qA as above, the momentum being important as it gives the particle's motion through space, and, in the fourth component, through time. The momentum can essentially be understood to be the covariant derivative on the electromagnetic line bundle.

The root system for U(1) is trivial, it is just the scalar 1. Thus, the fiber-bundle interpretation immediately gives some insight to the problem of the quantization of the electric charge: the charge is not just any value, it is a particular value,and that value is 1.

In quantum chromodynamics, the relevant Lie group is SU(3) and the Lie algebra is the smallest irreducible representation su(3). Actually, su(3) has a pair of conjugate representations; they look identical except that they are complex conjugates. The root system can best be understood to be two pairs of three vectors each, oriented 120 degrees apart, forming a Star of David. The vectors are of length 1/2; one triangle belongs to one representation, the other to its conjugate. Quarks transform as one representation, anti-quarks transform as the conjugate representation. That is, the color charge of a quark is thus associated with one of the three vectors, and the charge of the anti-quark is associated with one of the vectors of the conjugate representation.

Generalizations to supersymmetry and to curved base spaces follow the same pattern laid out here: one defines a principal bundle over some group, and couples fields by means of the covariant derivative on the bundle. For good measure, one recognizes that four-dimensional space-time can be represented by a pair of spinors, each spinor transforming under su(2) or its complex conjugate. Spinors naturally have an anti-symmetric algebra, by means of the Pauli exclusion principle. One fundamental problem of supersymmetry is that there are so many different Lie groups and couplings and representations one can choose from, leading to a bewildering number of fields and charges and the like.

Phew. Heh, reasonable for an imprecise definition? I'm gonna copy this into the article,I guess ... linas 05:24, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

 * Outstanding work! More than I expected, and certainly welcome. I will ponder this for a while. - Gauge 05:34, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

Crap. Actually, there is a glaring, embarassing error in there. I need to think it through. Wham-bam job, leads to errors. Dohh. Unfortunately I already copied into the color-charge page, so I fully expect to get whacked in a few hours when others notice. linas 06:53, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

Err, well, at the hand-waving level, I guess maybe it can pass muster. I'll fix the wording in the main article. For quantum fields, the field carries the charge, not q, so q becomes this dead scalar, and the field becomes a vector. linas 06:58, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

Proof of the Sylow Theorems
The following proofs are based on combinatorial arguments of Wielandt and give much shorter proofs of the Sylow theorems than those found in most texts. In the following, we use a | b as notation for "a divides b" and a $$\nmid$$ b for the negation of this statement.

Theorem 1: A finite group G whose order |G| is divisible by a prime power pk has a subgroup of order pk.

Proof: Let |G| = pkm, and let pr be chosen such that no higher power of p divides m. Let Ω denote the set of subsets of G of size pk and note that |Ω| = $${p^km \choose p^k}\mathrm{,}$$ and furthermore that pr+1 $$\nmid$$ $${p^km \choose p^k}$$ by the choice of r. Let G act on Ω by left multiplication. It follows that there is an element A ∈ Ω with an orbit θ = AG such that pr+1 $$\nmid$$ |θ|. Now |θ| = |AG| = [G : GA] where GA denotes the stabilizer subgroup of the set A, hence pk | |GA| so pk ≤ |GA|. Note that the elements ga ∈ A for a ∈ A are distinct under the action of GA so that |A| ≥ |GA| and therefore |GA| = pk. Then GA is the desired subgroup.

Lemma: Let G be a finite p-group, let G act on a finite set Ω, and let Ω0 denote the set of points of Ω that are fixed under the action of G. Then |Ω| ≡ |Ω0| mod p.

Proof: Write Ω as a disjoint sum of its orbits under G. Any element x ∈ Ω not fixed by G will lie in an orbit of order |G|/|CG(x)| (where CG(x) denotes the centralizer), which is a multiple of p by assumption. The result follows immediately.

Theorem 2: If H is a p-subgroup of a finite group G and P is a Sylow p-subgroup of G then there exists a g ∈ G such that H ≤ gPg−1. In particular, the Sylow p-subgroups for a fixed prime p are conjugate in G.

Proof: Let Ω be the set of left cosets of P in G and let H act on Ω by left multiplication. Applying the Lemma to H on Ω, we see that |Ω0| ≡ |Ω| = [G : P] mod p. Now p $$\nmid$$ [G : P] by definition so p $$\nmid$$ |Ω0|, hence in particular |Ω0| ≠ 0 so there exists some gP ∈ Ω0. It follows that hgP = gP so g−1hgP = P, g−1hg ∈ P, and thus h ∈ gPg−1 ∀ h ∈ H, so that H ≤ gPg−1 for some g ∈ G. Now if H is a Sylow p-subgroup, |H| = |P| = |gPg−1| so that H = gPg−1 for some g ∈ G.

Theorem 3: The number of Sylow p-subgroups of a finite group G divides the order of G and is congruent to 1 mod p.

Proof: By Theorem 2, the number of Sylow p-subgroups in G is equal to [G : NG(P)], where P is any such subgroup, and NG(P) denotes the normalizer of P in G, so this number is a divisor of |G|. Let Ω be the set of all Sylow p-subgroups of G, and let P act on Ω by conjugation. Let Q ∈ Ω0 and observe that then Q = xQx−1 for all x ∈ P so that P ≤ NG(Q). By Theorem 2, P and Q are conjugate in NG(Q) in particular, and Q is normal in NG(Q), so then P = Q. It follows that Ω = {P} so that, by the Lemma, |Ω| ≡ |Ω0| = 1 mod p.

Manifold/rewrite/differentiable manifold
Hi Gauge,

manifold is being rewritten and top. and diff. manifold are being split off. They haven't received much editing however. --MarSch 29 June 2005 13:39 (UTC)

We're making a final push on the manifold/rewrite page before either replacing or merging the original page. Your eyes are requested, and your edits, if you like. KSmrq 00:10, 2005 August 11 (UTC)

Regarding U of Baltimore county
I found that it is within the boundaries of the Catonsville CDP. However, Catonsville is just that - a CDP. Baltimore County is the only municipal government that serves the University therefore it should be also mentioned. Now, may I edit the article? (And of course state that it has a Baltimore mailing address! WhisperToMe 20:49, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * Please go ahead and copy what you have here into the discussion page before making the change. That will ensure that there is some rationale for the edit. Thanks for your patience. - Gauge 21:09, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

 * I already did so. Technically, it's not "changing" the location as I am only tacking on "Baltimore County". That, and the guy who is reverting is supposed to be blocked, as he is User:Boothy443. WhisperToMe 22:34, 11 July 2005 (UTC)

Model categories
Hi, I've noticed you seem to be hip to model categories. If you have any time, I'd appreciate any comments you might have about my article-in-progress. As you might imagine this is taking a long time. Take a look and let me know what you think. I think we ought to work especially hard on this one. There is not much standardization on the way fibrations, etc., are discussed around here, and I think a solid model categories page might be the place to start asking for it. Thanks in advance. Dave Rosoff 21:44, August 8, 2005 (UTC)

math tags
I just noticed your edits to geodesic ... Oh, please, please don't change math tags to normal markup; I've been going in exactly the opposite direction. For two reasons: html markup looks nasty in my browser, and also, I'm anticipating further developments in mathml, as per discussions in WP:WPM. Should we take this conversation there? linas 01:38, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I agree that there needs to be a standard. My understanding was that the current standard recommended using math tags only for displaying equations outside the body of the text, as the inline images cause text size/alignment problems. We'll move this discussion over to WP:WPM per your suggestion. Thanks. - Gauge 01:46, 21 August 2005 (UTC)

Torus

 * The group Z2 acts on on the plane R2 by translation. An element (a, b) of Z2 moves a point (x, y) of R2 to the point (x+a, y+b). The resulting quotient space R2 / Z2 is the torus.
 * See also torus (Cartesian product).

Projective space

 * The two-element group Z2 := Z/2Z = {0, 1} has an action on spheres by reflections, with 0 acting as the identity and 1 acting as the reflection at the origin, mapping a point to its antipode. The resulting quotient space Sn/Z2 is projective space. Projective space is a topological manifold.

Cylinder

 * The Cartesian product S1 × R of a circle with the real line is the cylinder.
 * If a closed interval, say [0, 1], is used instead of the real line, the resulting manifold S1 × [0, 1] is a finite cylinder and has a boundary consisting of two disjoint circles.
 * See also cylinder (gluing along boundaries).

Torus

 * The Cartesian product S1 × S1 of two circles is the torus. Since neither circle has a boundary, neither does the torus.
 * See also torus (identifying points).

Cylinder

 * When the two edges of a strip are glued together the result is a cylinder.

 * The strip can be defined as the product manifold R × [0, 1]. Its boundary has two components, each one a copy of R, and
 * $$(x,0) \mapsto (x,1)$$
 * defines a diffeomorphism between them.
 * See also cylinder (Cartesian product).

Klein bottle

 * A sphere with a hole has one boundary component, a circle. This is also true of the Möbius strip with boundary. If the sphere and Möbius strip are glued together along these diffeomorphic boundaries, the result is the Klein bottle.

instanton
Hi Gauge, I've done some work to cut down on the physics jargon. Please take a look. --MarSch 10:12, 5 September 2005 (UTC)

Another mathematician
Gauge, I noticed your edit at Chern's page. I have written ar article about his colleague, Jim Simons, who co-authored the paper which resulted in the Chern-Simons theory.

Simons' article could use some attention in two areas: organizing his acedemic credentials, both as a student and faculty, and double-checking to make sure the mathematical "things" described in the article are worded correctly, and meaningfully. I'm essentially the only author of the article up until now.

If you know W'pedians who might like to tackle it, or try it yourself, you might find the subject interesting.

Regards,

paul klenk 08:10, 6 September 2005 (UTC)

Article requests
I am very curious what brought you to request articles on the matrix logarithm and the Magnus series, as these subject are very close to my research. Of course, you don't need to tell, but like I said, I'm curious. -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 00:49, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I was going through matrix exponential and noted the red links to these topics, so I added them as requests. I suppose my motivation was just curiosity. It certainly is not my field. - Gauge 19:00, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Aha. I've a sneaking suspicion that I actually added these red links myself. Funny to see how my activities come back to haunt me. -- Jitse Niesen (talk) 20:30, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Science pearls
Hello,

Since you contributed in the past to the publications’ lists, I thought that you might be interested in this new project. I’ll be glad if you will continue contributing. Thanks,APH 11:01, 11 September 2005 (UTC)

Simons
I've left a question on Talk:James Harris Simons about the Bernstein conjecture. paul klenk talk 06:45, 28 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your answer about the Bernstein conjection and Jim Simons, which I noticed after a check following my long absence.

 * Regards, Paul

Please vote on list of lists, a featured list candidate
Please vote at Featured list candidates/List of lists of mathematical topics. Michael Hardy 20:28, 13 October 2005 (UTC)

Woodin
Thanks for catching the typo on W. Hugh Woodin. It's there on his Mathematics Genealogy Project page, from which I copied and pasted; I would probably never have noticed. --Trovatore 18:20, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

Operator topology
I'm glad you like the intro, and the feedback is very appreciated. Brian Tvedt 13:30, 12 January 2006 (UTC)

Borel equivalence relations
I noticed you added a section to Borel equivalence relation about "Kuratowski's theorem". I'm not sure the connection to the subject matter is clearly expressed, particularly in the form in which the theorem is stated. There's a corollary that the relation of equality on one uncountable Polish space is always Borel reducible to equality on any other uncountable Polish space; stated that way it might be relevant, though maybe just as the start of the exposition of the various Borel cardinalities in the plan for the page (see the talk page; I admit I've been lazy about following through with the plan). --Trovatore 22:35, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Feel free to move that content to another article if you don't think it fits there. I just happened to have a reference in front of me and decided to write it up somewhere. Your plan looks great to me; I hope you can eventually get around to doing it all. - Gauge 01:35, 24 January 2006 (UTC)

Please stop making your own judgements about stubs.
Removing stub tages from articles at will is not encouraged.Thank you.Prasi90 07:39, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

 * The stub tags were removed because it is no longer a stub. Thank you. - Gauge 07:47, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Algebraic spaces
In your article on algebraic spaces, the section "Facts about algebraic spaces" does not seem quite right. Shouldn't there be "algebraic space" instead of "scheme" in several places? I do not know algebraic spaces, so I would rather not edit this myself. Best, 130.237.198.87 18:25, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * My source for these was Artin's book. It looks okay to me since algebraic spaces are more general than schemes, although certainly I could have misstated something. - Gauge 17:34, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I found the statement in Artin's book, and you have stated it exactly as it reads there. The thing is that I guess that Artin means something like "algebraic space of dimension 1,2" when he writes algebraic curve, surface. Then the statements make sense. However, I think it is usually understood that one refers to varieties when saying algebraic curve etc, and then they are schemes by definition, which makes some statements trivial, and some false. Anyhow, since I now have learnt what an algebraic space is, I'll edit the section when I figure out some good terminology. Spakoj 09:38, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Sounds good to me. As long as the meaning is clear everything should be okay. - Gauge 22:46, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

sheaves vs function spaces
I don't like too much your "precision" O -> O(Ω) in wave front set: in fact the text refers to the (pre)sheaf, and not just "one" of these function spaces.— MFH:Talk 23:34, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I've attempted to correct it, but I'm not an expert so feel free to change it. - Gauge 17:58, 1 April 2006 (UTC)

Italicise definitions
I noticed a recent edit you made. Bolding shold only be made to synonyms of the article title. Definitions are usually distinguished by italics. Dysprosia 07:46, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

 * The Manual of Style (mathematics) does not explicitly specify how to highlight definitions, but does refer to Technical terms and definitions in the sidebox. There, I find that bold is to be used for the first time a new term is defined (either plain bold or italic, depending on the "rare technical term" qualification). The article also states that italics can be used to demonstrate usage thereafter. Therefore, from what I can gather, this usage of bold is correct according to style guidelines. We can discuss this further at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Mathematics if you want to propose a new convention. Thanks for your attention. - Gauge 20:08, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

Mathematics CotW
Hey Gauge, I am writing you to let you know that the Mathematics Collaboration of the week(soon to "of the month") is getting an overhaul of sorts and I would encourage you to participate in whatever way you can, i.e. nominate an article, contribute to an article, or sign up to be part of the project. Any help would be greatly appreciated, thanks--Cronholm144 21:28, 13 May 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of Wedge-type character
Wedge-type character, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Wedge-type character satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Wedge-type character and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Wedge-type character during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. --EEMeltonIV 12:36, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't remember creating this article, but rather editing it. In any case the choice to delete it was appropriate. - Gauge 18:23, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 12:49, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gauge


text:
User talk:Diogenes~enwiki

Unverified images
Hi! Thanks for uploading the following image:

 * Image:DiOnion.JPG

I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GNU Free Documentation License,  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know at my talk page where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much. [[User:Poccil|Peter O. (Talk, automation script)]] 05:17, Dec 11, 2004 (UTC)

P.S. You can help tag other images at User:Yann/Untagged_Images. Thanks again.

Also ...

 * Image:Process Work Applications.gif

Good work removing spam on Viscometer pages
Just wanted to say thanks for your post on my talk page and I'm glad you removed some of that spam on the viscometer article. CoolMike 15:50, 13 September 2007 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Process oriented psychology

A tag has been placed on Process oriented psychology, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G11 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page seems to be unambiguous advertising which only promotes a company, product, group, service or person and would need to be fundamentally rewritten in order to become encyclopedic. Please read the guidelines on spam and FAQ/Organizations for more information.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be removed without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, and you wish to retrieve the deleted material for future reference or improvement, you can place a request here. Snowager (talk) 18:02, 8 December 2013 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Diogenes. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Diogenes~enwiki that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name. If you think you might own all of the accounts with this name and this message is in error, please visit Special:MergeAccount to check and attach all of your accounts to prevent them from being renamed.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:29, 19 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 12:11, 22 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Diogenes~enwiki


text:
List of colonial governors of Virginia

This is a list of colonial governors of Virginia.

Some of those who held the lead role as governor of Virginia never visited the New World and governed through deputies resident in the colony. Others, such as Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, held the lead role for many years but were in Virginia for only a short portion of that time and usually delegated responsibilities to others. Probably for those reasons, in many historical documents and references, the deputies and lieutenant governors who had the primary responsibility in Virginia are also often titled simply "governor." Also, transportation from England routinely took several months and occasionally, much longer. Thus, dates may appear to overlap.

Governor of Virginia (1585–1590)
The first English attempt to colonize Virginia was the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke. Unsuccessful settlements were established under two different governors, and the final fate of the colonists remains unknown.
 * Sir Walter Raleigh, governor of Virginia (1585–1590, absentee)
 * Sir Ralph Lane, governor of Roanoke (Virginia) (1585–1586)
 * John White, governor of Raleigh (Virginia) (1587–1590)

Virginia Company of London Governors (1607–1624)
From 1606 until 1624, Proprietary Governors oversaw the operation of the Virginia Colony. Most were styled "President of the Council", although some were styled "governor" by the proprietors.
 * 1) President of the Council Edward Maria Wingfield (1607)
 * 2) President of the Council John Ratcliffe (1608))
 * 3) Acting President Matthew Scrivener (1608)
 * 4) President of the Council John Smith (1608–1609)
 * 5) President of the Council George Percy (1609–1610)
 * 6) Lord Governor and Captain General Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr (1609–1618, sometimes absentee)
 * 7) Deputy Governor Sir Thomas Gates (May–June 1610)
 * 8) Deputy Governor George Percy (March–May 1611)
 * 9) Acting Governor Sir Thomas Dale (May–August 1611)
 * 10) Acting Governor Sir Thomas Gates (1611–1613)
 * 11) Acting Governor Sir Thomas Dale (1613–1616)
 * 12) Lieutenant Governor Sir George Yeardley (1616–1617)
 * 13) Lieutenant Governor Sir Samuel Argall (1617–1619)
 * 14) Governor Sir George Yeardley (1619–1621)
 * 15) Governor Sir Francis Wyatt (1621–1624)

Crown Governors (1624–1652)
After the Virginia Company of London lost its proprietary charter in 1624, the colony was taken over by the English Crown, and became a crown colony. Governors were appointed by the ruling monarch to oversee the interests of the Crown. During the interregnum period (1649–1660), when England came under commonwealth rule and the protectorate rule of Oliver and Richard Cromwell, those governments appointed Virginia's governors. William Berkeley, who was governor at the time of the execution of King Charles I, remained in office until the arrival of a Commonwealth fleet in 1651 led to his removal. Berkeley was returned to office by votes of the Virginia assembly and by appointment of the restored King Charles II in 1660.

 * Governor Sir Francis Wyatt (1624–1626)
 * Governor Sir George Yeardley (1626–1627)
 * Acting Governor Francis West (1627–1629)
 * Governor Sir John Harvey (1628–1639)
 * Acting Governor John Pott (1629–1630)
 * Acting Governor John West (1635–1636)
 * Acting Governor Col. George Reade (1638–1639)
 * Governor Sir Francis Wyatt (1639–1642)
 * Governor Sir William Berkeley (1642–1652)
 * Acting Governor Sir Richard Kemp (1644–1645)

Commonwealth and Protectorate Governors (1652–1660)

 * Governor Richard Bennett (1652–1655)
 * Governor Edward Digges (1655–1656)
 * Governor Lt. Col. Samuel Mathews of Mathews County, Virginia (1656–1660, died in office)

Crown Governors (1660–1775)

 * Governor Sir William Berkeley (1660–1677)
 * Lieutenant Governor Francis Moryson (1661–1662)
 * Governor Col. Herbert Jeffreys (1677–1678)
 * Governor Thomas Culpeper, 2nd Baron Culpeper of Thoresway (1677–1683)
 * Lieutenant Governor Sir Henry Chicheley (1678–1680)
 * Acting Governor Col. Nicholas Spencer (September 1683–April 1684)
 * Governor Francis Howard, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham (1684–1692, absentee from 1688)
 * Gen. Joseph Bridger (1684)
 * President of the Council Nathaniel Bacon (1688–1690)
 * Lieutenant Governor Francis Nicholson (1690–1692)
 * Governor Sir Edmund Andros (1692–1698)
 * Governor George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney (1698–1737, absentee)
 * Lieutenant Governor Francis Nicholson (1698–1705)
 * Lieutenant Governor Col. Edward Nott (1705–1706)
 * Acting Governor Edmund Jenings (1706–1710)
 * Lieutenant Governor General Robert Hunter (1707, captured at sea and never served)
 * Lieutenant Governor Lt. Col. Alexander Spotswood (1710–1722)
 * Lieutenant Governor Col. Hugh Drysdale (1722–1726)
 * President of the Council Robert "King" Carter (1726–September 1727)
 * Lieutenant Governor Sir William Gooch, 1st Baronet (1727–1740)
 * Governor Willem Anne van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle (1737–1754, absentee)
 * Acting Governor James Blair (1740–1741) (acting for Lt. Gov. Gooch while latter out-of-country)
 * Lieutenant Governor Sir William Gooch, 1st Baronet (1741–1749)
 * Acting Governor John Robinson Sr. died months after being sworn in as President {Acting Governor} August 1749; father of Speaker of the VA House of Burgess John Robinson (Virginia politician) Jr (1705–1766) and Colonel Beverley Robinson (1721–1792)
 * Acting Governor Thomas Lee (1749–1750)
 * Acting Governor Lewis Burwell (1750–1751)
 * Lieutenant Governor Robert Dinwiddie (1751–1756)
 * Governor John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun (1756–1759)
 * Lieutenant Governor Robert Dinwiddie (1756–January 1758)
 * Lieutenant Governor Francis Fauquier (1758–1768)
 * Governor Jeffery Amherst (1759–1768, absentee)
 * Acting Governor John Blair, Sr. (1768)
 * Governor Norborne Berkeley, Baron de Botetourt (1768–1770)
 * Acting Governor William Nelson (1770–1771)
 * Governor John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore (1771–June 1775)

title: List of colonial governors of Virginia


text:
Pot Noodle

Pot Noodle is a brand of instant noodle snack foods from the United Kingdom, available in a selection of flavours and varieties. This dehydrated food consists of noodles, assorted dried vegetables and flavouring powder. It is prepared by adding boiling water, which rapidly softens the noodles and dissolves the powdered sauce.

The product is packaged in a plastic pot, from which the prepared noodles can be eaten. Many pots contain a sachet of sauce, such as soy sauce.

History
Instant noodles were originally invented in 1958 by Momofuku Ando, and Cup Noodles developed by his company Nissin Food Products in 1971.

Golden Wonder launched the Pot Noodle brand in the United Kingdom in 1977. In July 1995, Best Foods, which produces Hellmanns mayonnaise, paid then owner Dalgety plc $280 million for its Golden Wonder Pot Noodle instant hot snacks manufacturing business.

Bestfoods, known as CPC international before 1997, was itself acquired by Unilever in June 2000. Unilever kept the Pot Noodle brand and its sole production factory, after it sold the rest of the Golden Wonder business in January 2006 to Tayto. In the same year, Unilever relaunched the brand, introduced three new varieties and reduced salt levels by 50 per cent. Golden Wonder later established another line of pot noodles called The Nation's Noodle (renamed Noodle Pot in 2016) in direct competition with their former brand.

Production
Pot Noodles are manufactured in Croespenmaen, near Crumlin, Caerphilly, Wales, which became the topic of an advertising campaign of 2006, showing fictitious Pot Noodle mines in Wales. The factory typically produces 175 million pots annually.

Around 2006, Pot Noodle's recipe was changed to make the product healthier. This mostly involved cutting down on the amount of salt in the product. A "GTi" variant, prepared in a microwave instead of adding boiling water, was introduced at the end of the 2000s and was the first Pot Noodle to contain real meat. In 2007, the brand changed their logo.

Pot Noodle has often given promotional gifts away, including a 'horn' and a 'spinning fork.' During the 2008 Edinburgh Festival Fringe, Unilever sponsored a musical directed by David Sant, and created by advertising agency Mother, set in a Pot Noodle factory.

Currently produced flavours
As of 29 December 2023, flavours of Pot Noodle currently produced are:

 * King Bombay Bad Boy
 * King Chow Mein
 * King Chicken And Mushroom
 * King Beef & Tomato
 * King Original Curry
 * King Sticky Rib
 * Korma
 * Doner Kebab
 * Sweet & Sour
 * Original Curry
 * Chow Mein
 * Beef & Tomato
 * Chicken & Mushroom
 * Sticky Rib
 * Bombay Bad Boy
 * Pulled Pork
 * Piri Piri Chicken
 * Christmas Dinner
 * Lost The Pot Noodle: Cheese & Tomato
 * Lost The Pot Noodle: Vegetable
 * Lost The Pot Noodle: Noodle Curry
 * Lost The Pot Noodle: Roast Chicken
 * Lost The Pot Noodle: Sweet Chilli
 * Lost The Pot Noodle: Champion Chicken
 * Lost The Pot Noodle: Smokin' BBQ
 * Lost The Pot Noodle: Chip Shop Curry
 * King Pot Pasta: Creamy Carbonara
 * King Pot Pasta: Bolognese
 * Pot Pasta: Tomatoey Mozarella
 * Pot Pasta: Bolognese
 * Pot Pasta: Creamy Carbonara
 * Pot Noodle Fusions: Chilli Chicken
 * Pot Noodle Fusions: Thai Green Curry
 * Pot Noodle Fusions: Katsu Curry
 * Pot Noodle Fusions: Malaysian Curry

Controversy
The Pot Noodle brand has been involved in a number of controversial advertising campaigns.

In January 2002, Irish politician Michael Ring TD, branded a Pot Noodle animated television advertisement as glorifying child neglect and demanded it be banned. The advertisement featured a young boy whose tongue was stuck to a frozen climbing frame. A supervisor went to get a sponge and boil a kettle of water to help free the child's tongue but was distracted and instead used the hot water to make a Pot Noodle. Ring said "the manufacturers have a responsibility to the public not to encourage youngsters to lick frozen pipes or suggest that adults should neglect a suffering child".

In August 2002, a series of television adverts that described Pot Noodle as "the slag of all snacks" was withdrawn after complaints to the Independent Television Commission. The related poster campaign, revolving around the "Hot Noodle" range with a tagline of "hurt me, you slag" was withdrawn by Unilever after the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) upheld complaints that "the tone could be interpreted as condoning violence".

In May 2005, the Advertising Standards Authority received 620 complaints, about a series of advertisements featuring a man with a large brass horn in his trousers, with the suggestive slogan "Have you got the Pot Noodle horn?" Some of the complaints described them as "tasteless and offensive." The three advertisements had been already approved for restricted times, primarily after the 9:00pm watershed. The ASA did not uphold the complaints. While it accepted the campaign was "a little crude," they deemed it harmless and said that "the timing restriction was appropriate."

In a September 2006 article headed "Teach Pot Noodle teens to cook" in Dublin's Sunday Independent newspaper, Cavan chef Nevin Maguire on a recent school visit was shocked "to see 60 per cent of Leaving Cert students had Pot Noodle for their lunch". Maguire, along with other celebrity chefs called for compulsory cookery lessons in Ireland's schools for a "new generation that thinks 'food comes in a box'".

Related products
Golden Wonder introduced a similar convenience food "Pot Rice" at the beginning of the 1980s. Pot Rice was made from dehydrated rice, wheat protein, vegetables, and flavourings, sold in a plastic pot. Pot Rice was later manufactured by Unilever and Knorr when the Pot Noodle brand went through a series of acquisitions and takeovers in the 1990s.

Posh Noodle was a variation on the typical pot noodle, consisting of thinner, ramen like noodles and available in three Asian themed flavours, launched in 2003.

Pot Rice was discontinued at the beginning of the 2000s. Pot Rice flavours have included "Chicken Risotto", "Chicken Curry", "Beef & Tomato" and "Savoury Beef". Pot Rice received a limited relaunch in 2018. "Pot Mash" was a similar branded mashed potato snack, sold by the makers of Pot Noodle in the United Kingdom and Ireland at the end of the 1990s.

"Pot Casserole" consisting of dried vegetables and soya protein was introduced during the 1980s, but discontinued before the turn of the century. "Pot Pasta" and "Pot Spaghetti" combined dried pasta pieces with a sachet of Parmesan cheese, and was available for some time in the 1990s. However, in 2017, Pot Pasta was relaunched. "Pot Sweet" was a dessert range available in four varieties, introduced in the mid-1980s, and discontinued shortly afterwards.

In 2020, Lost the Pot Noodle, instant noodles in loose plastic packaging instead of a plastic pot, was launched in 3 flavours: curry, roast chicken and sweet chilli.

From August 2021, Pot Noodle launched another new range of pots, titled 'Pot Noodle Fusions'. This range hearkened back to earlier ranges like 'Posh Noodle' and 'Asian Street Style' with more exotic world food flavours including Chilli Chicken, Katsu Curry and the previously available Thai Green Curry flavours, as a partial rebrand and partial new launch.

title: Pot Noodle


text:
Full and faithful functors

In category theory, a faithful functor is a functor that is injective on hom-sets, and a full functor is surjective on hom-sets. A functor that has both properties is called a fully faithful functor.

Formal definitions
Explicitly, let C and D be (locally small) categories and let F : C → D be a functor from C to D. The functor F induces a function
 * $$F_{X,Y}\colon\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(X,Y)\rightarrow\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathcal D}(F(X),F(Y))$$

for every pair of objects X and Y in C. The functor F is said to be for each X and Y in C.
 * faithful if FX,Y is injective
 * full if FX,Y is surjective
 * fully faithful (= full and faithful) if FX,Y is bijective

Properties
A faithful functor need not be injective on objects or morphisms. That is, two objects X and X′ may map to the same object in D (which is why the range of a full and faithful functor is not necessarily isomorphic to C), and two morphisms f : X → Y and f′ : X′ → Y′ (with different domains/codomains) may map to the same morphism in D. Likewise, a full functor need not be surjective on objects or morphisms. There may be objects in D not of the form FX for some X in C. Morphisms between such objects clearly cannot come from morphisms in C.

A full and faithful functor is necessarily injective on objects up to isomorphism. That is, if F : C → D is a full and faithful functor and $$F(X)\cong F(Y)$$ then $$X \cong Y$$.

Examples

 * The forgetful functor U : Grp → Set maps groups to their underlying set, "forgetting" the group operation. U is faithful because two group homomorphisms with the same domains and codomains are equal if they are given by the same functions on the underlying sets. This functor is not full as there are functions between the underlying sets of groups that are not group homomorphisms. A category with a faithful functor to Set is (by definition) a concrete category; in general, that forgetful functor is not full.
 * The inclusion functor Ab → Grp is fully faithful, since Ab (the category of abelian groups) is by definition the full subcategory of Grp induced by the abelian groups.

Generalization to (∞, 1)-categories
The notion of a functor being 'full' or 'faithful' does not translate to the notion of a (∞, 1)-category. In an (∞, 1)-category, the maps between any two objects are given by a space only up to homotopy. Since the notion of injection and surjection are not homotopy invariant notions (consider an interval embedding into the real numbers vs. an interval mapping to a point), we do not have the notion of a functor being "full" or "faithful." However, we can define a functor of quasi-categories to be fully faithful if for every X and Y in C, the map $$F_{X,Y}$$is a weak equivalence.

title: Full and faithful functors


text:
The Glory and the Dream

The Glory and the Dream: A Narrative History of America, 1932–1972 is a 1,400-page social history by William Manchester, first published in 1974. Sometimes sold as two volumes, it describes the history of the United States between 1932 and 1972.

Content
The book details both social history and political machinations in the period with a focus on how the New Deal, the Second World War and the Cold War influenced American culture. Special attention is paid to Roosevelt's New Deal and the lasting effect it had on the U.S. government. Manchester simplifies the complex political maneuvers and opaque terminology that pervaded Cold War politics to more accessible language.

The book's title is taken from William Wordsworth's poem "Ode: Intimations of Immortality": "Whither is fled the visionary gleam? / Where is it now, the glory and the dream?"

Release and reception
The Glory and the Dream was listed as a New York Times bestseller in 1975. In The Scotsman, Michael Aitken called it "a collossal piece of nostalgia that brings to mind G.K. Chesterton's insight that the real American is all right: it is the ideal American who is all wrong."

The book was translated into Chinese by Dong Leshan.

title: The Glory and the Dream


text:
Michael Norris

Michael or Mike Norris may refer to:
 * Michael Norris (footballer), Australian football player
 * Michael Norris (politician), American politician
 * Mike Norris (actor) (born 1963), American actor, eldest son of Chuck Norris
 * Mike Norris (baseball) (born 1955), American baseball player
 * Mike Norris (businessman), chief executive officer of Computacenter plc
 * Mike Norris (football manager), English football manager

title: Michael Norris


text:
User:Trilliangoose

Hi.

title: User:Trilliangoose