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Frankie Dettori

Lanfranco "Frankie" Dettori (born 15 December 1970), is an Italian jockey who was based in England for a career spanning over 35 years. He was British flat racing Champion Jockey three times (1994, 1995 and 2004) and rode the winners of 287 Group 1 races including 23 winners of the British Classic Races. His most celebrated achievement was riding all seven winners on British Festival of Racing Day at Ascot Racecourse on 28 September 1996.

Born in Milan, Dettori is the son of Italian champion jockey Gianfranco Dettori. At the age of fourteen he went to Newmarket in England to work first as a stable lad, later as apprentice jockey and stable jockey in the yard of Luca Cumani, winning the British champion apprentice jockey in 1989. He was appointed stable jockey for Sheikh Mohammed's newly founded Godolphin Racing in 1994 and during the next eighteen years rode most of his worldwide big race victories in Godolphin's royal-blue colours. In 2000 he survived a light aircraft crash at Newmarket.

At the end of 2012, Dettori split from Godolphin Racing, and was suspended from riding for six months after failing a drugs test in France. From June 2013 to July 2018, he was the retained rider in Britain for Sheikh Joaan Al Thani's Al Shaqab Racing. Since then, many of his winners including Enable and Stradivarius have come from the stables of John Gosden. Dettori announced in December 2022 that 2023 would be his final year of professional riding. In December 2023 he moved to California to continue to race in the United States and on the international circuit.

Outside of racing he has worked in TV, appearing as a team captain on A Question of Sport from 2002 to 2004, and opened several Italian restaurants in partnership with chef Marco Pierre White.

Early life
Dettori was born in Milan, Italy, on 15 December 1970. His father, Gianfranco Dettori, was a 13 times Italian Champion Jockey, who had won the British 2,000 Guineas in 1975 on the Henry Cecil trained Bolkonski and in 1976 on Wollow, also trained by Cecil. His mother Mara was a circus performer. Soon after his birth, Dettori's parents divorced. Until he was five, Dettori and his sister lived with their mother; after that they lived with their father and stepmother. As a child, Dettori was more interested in football than racing, but that changed when he was eight and his father bought him a palomino pony called Silvia. Aged nine, he rode Silvia in the Pony Derby at San Siro racecourse; he came last and fell off after the finishing line.

Dettori left school aged thirteen to work in racing stables and, in July 1985, left Italy for England to work in the yard of trainer Luca Cumani at Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket. It was at first a culture shock, as he had to adapt to a new language, and strange food and drink such as Heinz tinned ravioli and orange squash. Dettori returned to Italy for the winter of 1986/87 and his first win came on Turin racecourse in November 1986.

Early career in Newmarket
In the spring of 1987 Dettori was back in Cumani's yard in Newmarket and started to ride in Britain as an apprentice jockey. His first win in Britain came at Goodwood on 9 June 1987, riding Lizzy Hare to for Cumani. That season he rode eight winners, before spending the winter of 1987/88 in California, employed as a work rider for the trainer Richard Cross. While in California Dettori was taught by jockey Ángel Cordero Jr. how to do a flying dismount, something that would later become his trademark. In 1989 Dettori became champion apprentice jockey with 75 wins and rode his first winner of a group race, Legal Case in the Select Stakes at Goodwood. In the spring of 1990 he took up a position of stable jockey to Cumani. That year he rode eight Group 1 winners for Cumani, and four for other trainers, including Henry Cecil. Markofdistinction provided him with his first win at Royal Ascot in June 1990 and his first Group 1 win in September. Still only nineteen, Dettori became the first teenager since Lester Piggott to win more than 100 races in a season, finishing on a total of 149, fourth in the champion jockey table.

The 1991 and 1992 seasons saw fewer winners as Cumani had lost many of his best horses when major owner the Aga Khan removed his horses from training in England. In 1992 Dettori won the Prix du Jockey Club on Polytain, trained by Antonio Spanu in France, and the Ascot Gold Cup on Drum Taps, trained by Lord Huntingdon. Before the beginning of the 1993 season he lost his position with Cumani, over his failure to let the trainer know that he was considering taking up the offer of a lucrative contract in Hong Kong. By now Dettori was enjoying a party lifestyle and in April 1993 was arrested in London for possession of cocaine, which put paid to his prospective contract to ride in Hong Kong. Dettori was given a police caution for the cocaine offence, after which he concentrated on racing with a renewed dedication, riding 149 winners as a free-lance in 1993. There was a second victory in the Ascot Gold Cup on Drum Taps, and two Group 1 wins on the sprint mare Lochsong, trained by Ian Balding.

The Godolphin years
In September 1993, Dettori was signed to ride Sheikh Mohammed's horses trained by Gosden. Determined to secure the 1994 jockey championship, Dettori took a break in Morocco to get fit for the beginning of the all-weather season in January and get a head start on jockeys who only rode on turf. By the end of the 1994 season, he had ridden 233 British winners and won the first of his three jockey championships. His first British Classic success came in the 1994 Epsom Oaks on Godolphin filly Balanchine, trained by Saeed bin Suroor. Three weeks later the pair won the Irish Derby at The Curragh. In November 1994 Sheikh Mohammed's Cumani-trained Barathea provided Dettori with the first of his fourteen Breeders' Cup victories, winning the Breeders' Cup Mile. When Sheikh Mohammed set up the Godolphin international racing operation in 1994, Dettori, who had already ridden the Sheikh's horses in training with Gosden, was signed as retained jockey. The association would last eighteen years.

In 1995,Dettori was again champion jockey. Godolphin horses provided him with two more British Classic victories, Moonshell and Classic Cliche in the St Leger, while Lammtarra won the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes and the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. His St Leger win also provided him with his 1000th win in Britain.

On 28 September 1996 Dettori achieved a remarkable feat when he "went through the card", riding all seven winners at the British Festival of Racing (a precursor to British Champions Day) at Ascot racecourse. Dettori's 25,095-1 "magnificent seven" made him a household name and cost the betting industry an estimated £40 million. Twenty years later he would refer to it as his greatest sporting achievement.

On 1 June 2000, Dettori and fellow jockey Ray Cochrane were aboard a Piper Seneca plane which crashed on takeoff at Newmarket on its way to Goodwood in Sussex. Cochrane pulled Dettori from the wreckage but was unable to save pilot Patrick Mackey. Dettori suffered a broken ankle and facial cuts and spent several days in Addenbrooke's Hospital

After the plane crash, Dettori devoted less time to racing and more time to TV work on A Question of Sport. Although still riding successfully in the big races, he had in his own words become a part-timer. It was his wife who encouraged him to get back to riding in the small meetings as well as the major ones, and, in 2004, he won the jockeys' championship for a third time.

By 2007 Dettori had amassed eleven victories in British Classics (two in the 2000 Guineas, two in the 1000 Guineas, three in the Oaks and four in the St Leger) but a win in the Derby still eluded him after fourteen attempts. On 2 June 2007, released for the occasion from his contractual duties with Godolphin, he rode the favourite Authorized to a comfortable win for trainer Peter Chapple-Hyam. "I had to pinch myself crossing the line to make sure it was real not a dream", said Dettori.

Dettori's relationship with Godolphin was under increasing strain by 2012. In the spring of that year, Godolphin hired two younger jockeys, Mickaël Barzalona and Silvestre de Sousa, to ride alongside Dettori who found himself "jocked off" in big races. In October, Dettori rode Camelot for Godolphin's rival Coolmore Stud in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe and later the same month Godolphin announced that they would not be continuing Dettori's retainer the following year.

Later career
In December 2012 Dettori was given a six-month suspension after a failed a drug test in France in September. He admitted to having used cocaine, telling Clare Balding in an interview on Channel 4:"Things were going bad, I was depressed and I guess a moment of weakness and I fell for it and I've only got myself to blame". Following his six-month ban, Dettori made his racing comeback at Epsom on 31 May 2013. A week later, he won his first race since the ban, riding Asian Trader at Sandown. That month he was signed as retained rider in Britain for Sheikh Joaan Al Thani's Al Shaqab Racing. In 2016, Dettori rode Galileo Gold to win the 2000 Guineas for Al Shaqab Racing.

Dettori also re-established an association with trainer Gosden, notably securing victories on Golden Horn in the 2015 Derby and Enable in the 2017 Oaks and Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. In 2018 Dettori decided to end his formal association with Al Shaqab Racing in order to concentrate on riding for Gosden. He rode the Juddmonte-owned Enable to further Group 1 victories, including another win in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe. Also in the colours of Juddmonte, stayer Stadivarius provided Dettori with three consecutive Ascot Gold Cup wins in 2018–2020. The trainer and jockey fell out over Dettori's rides at 2022 Royal Ascot, in particular that on Stradivarius when he was beaten a length into third place in the Gold Cup.

On 17 December 2022 during an interview with ITV Racing, Dettori announced that he would be retiring at the end of the following season, with his final rides likely to come at the November 2023 Breeders' Cup meeting at Santa Anita Park in California. He said that, having just turned 52, he wanted to retire while he was still getting good horses to ride in the big races. By the time he announced his forthcoming retirement, he had ridden 282 Group/Grade 1 winners worldwide, including 21 British Classic winners.

Dettori started his 2023 farewell tour with a ten-week stint in the United States, based at Santa Anita Park for its winter racing. A treble on the first day of the meeting included a win in the San Antonio Stakes on 2022 Dubai World Cup winner Country Grammer, trained by Bob Baffert. On a return to Dubai in March, Country Grammer could manage only seventh place in the Dubai World Cup, but on the same evening Dettori won the Group 1 Dubai Turf on the Gosden-trained Lord North.

During the summer of 2023, Dettori added to his tally of British Group 1 and Classic races, winning the 2000 Guineas on 6 May on Chaldean for trainer Andrew Balding and then achieving a double at Epsom on 2 June with wins in the Coronation Cup on Emily Upjohn and the Oaks on Soul Sister (horse), both trained by John and Thady Gosden.

In October 2023, Dettori announced that, instead of retiring, he would be moving to California and continuing to race in the United States and on the international circuit. On what was scheduled to be his final day of racing in Britain, Dettori rode Trawlerman to victory in the Long Distance Cup before completing a double on King of Steel in the Champion Stakes at Ascot on British Champions' Day on 21 October 2023. He also watched as Queen Camilla unveiled a statue of him at the racecourse. In December 2023 he moved to California and had ridden six winners within two weeks. His first Grade 1 win of his stay in California came in March 2024, when he rode Newgate, trained by Baffert, to victory in the Santa Anita Handicap.

TV appearances
Dettori was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1998. Between September 2002 and September 2004 he was one of the team captains on the BBC programme A Question of Sport. During his suspension from racing in 2013, Dettori became a housemate on the eleventh series of Celebrity Big Brother and was the fifth person to be evicted from the house. In November–December 2023, Dettori appeared on the twenty-third series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, entering as a late arrival alongside Tony Bellew. He spent 12 days in the camp before becoming the first contestant to be voted off.

Restaurants
In 2004 Dettori teamed up with chef Marco Pierre White to open a chain of several Italian restaurants called Frankie's Bar and Grill. He has also published a cookbook and produced a line of frozen Italian foods.

Personal life
Dettori married Catherine Allen on 20 July 1997 at the Catholic Church in Newmarket. The couple lived in Stetchworth near Newmarket for 17 years and have five children. In 2006, Dettori added his voice to a campaign to raise jockeys' weights, saying: "I am 5 ft and weigh 9 st but I have to sometimes go down to 8 st." He has also spoken about bulimia and using laxatives and diuretics to keep his weight down. Dettori was awarded an honorary MBE for services to racing in the 2001 New Year Honours (honorary as he is a foreign national). In 2011 Dettori was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science at Anglia Ruskin University.

Major wins
Dettori has won the following world-wide Group/Grade 1 races.

Great Britain
 * 1,000 Guineas – (4) – Cape Verdi (1998), Kazzia (2002), Blue Bunting (2011), Mother Earth (2021)
 * 2,000 Guineas – (4) – Mark of Esteem (1996), Island Sands (1999), Galileo Gold (2016), Chaldean (2023)
 * Ascot Gold Cup – (9) – Drum Taps (1992, 1993), Kayf Tara (1998), Papineau (2004), Colour Vision (2012), Stradivarius (2018, 2019, 2020), Courage Mon Ami (2023).
 * British Champions Sprint Stakes - (5) - Chummy's Favourite (1989), Diffident (1996), Sampower Star (2000), Acclamation (2003), Kinross (2022)
 * British Champions Fillies' and Mares' Stakes – (3) – Journey (2016), Star Catcher (2019), Emily Upjohn (2022)
 * Champion Stakes – (3) – Cracksman (2017, 2018), King Of Steel (2023)
 * Cheveley Park Stakes – (2) – Regal Rose (2000), Carry On Katie (2003)
 * Commonwealth Cup – (2) – Advertise (2019), Campanelle (2021)
 * Coronation Cup – (6) – Swain (1996), Singspiel (1997), Daylami (1999), Mutafaweq (2001), Cracksman (2018), Emily Upjohn (2023)
 * Coronation Stakes – (2) – Alpine Star (2020), Inspiral (2022)
 * Dewhurst Stakes – (3) – Too Darn Hot (2018), St Mark's Basilica (2020), Chaldean (2022)
 * Diamond Jubilee Stakes – (2) – So Factual (1995), Undrafted (2015)
 * Derby – (2) – Authorized (2007), Golden Horn (2015)
 * Eclipse Stakes – (4) – Daylami (1998), Refuse To Bend (2004), Golden Horn (2015), Enable (2019)
 * Falmouth Stakes – (1) – Nahoodh (2008)
 * Fillies' Mile – (7) – Shamshir (1990), Glorosia (1997), Teggiano (1999), Crystal Music (2000), White Moonstone (2010), Lyric of Light (2011), Inspiral (2021)
 * Goodwood Cup – (5) – Kayf Tara (1999), Schiaparelli (2009), Opinion Poll (2011), Stradivarius (2019, 2020)
 * Haydock Sprint Cup – (1) – Diktat (1999)
 * International Stakes – (6) – Halling (1996), Singspiel (1997), Sakhee (2001), Sulamani (2004), Authorized (2007), Mostahdaf (2023)
 * King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes – (7) – Lammtarra (1995), Swain (1998),Daylami (1999), Doyen (2004), Enable (2017, 2019, 2020)
 * Lockinge Stakes – (5) – Emperor Jones (1994), Aljabr (2000), Creachadoir (2008), Olympic Glory (2014), Palace Pier (2021)
 * Middle Park Stakes – (4) – Bahamian Bounty (1996), Lujain (1998), Dutch Art (2006), Shalaa (2015)
 * Nassau Stakes – (2) – Lailani (2001),Ouija Board (2006)
 * Nunthorpe Stakes – (3) – Lochsong (1993), So Factual (1995), Lochangel (1998)
 * Oaks – (7) – Balanchine (1994), Moonshell (1995), Kazzia (2002), Enable (2017), Anapurna (2019), Snowfall (2021), Soul Sister (2023)
 * Prince of Wales's Stakes – (4) – Fantastic Light (2001),Grandera (2002), Rewilding (2011), Crystal Ocean (2019)
 * Queen Anne Stakes – (7) – Markofdistinction (1990), Allied Forces (1997), Intikhab (1998), Dubai Destination (2003), Refuse to Bend (2004), Ramonti (2007), Palace Pier (2021)
 * Queen Elizabeth II Stakes – (6) – Markofdistinction (1990), Mark of Esteem (1996), Dubai Millennium (1999), Ramonti (2007), Poet's Voice (2010), Persuasive (2017)
 * Racing Post Trophy – (2) – Authorized (2006), Casamento (2010)
 * St. James's Palace Stakes – (4) – Starborough (1997), Galileo Gold (2016),Without Parole (2018), Palace Pier (2020)
 * St. Leger – (6) – Classic Cliche (1995), Shantou (1996), Scorpion (2005), Sixties Icon (2006), Conduit (2008), Logician (2019)
 * Sun Chariot Stakes – (2) – Red Slippers (1992), Inspiral (2023)
 * Sussex Stakes – (5) – Second Set (1991), Aljabr (1999), Noverre (2001), Ramonti (2007), Too Darn Hot (2019)
 * Yorkshire Oaks – (4) – Only Royale (1994), Blue Bunting (2011), Enable (2017, 2019)

 * Frankie Dettori has won every Group 1 race in the UK, except for the July Cup. He won the 1994 King's Stand Stakes on Lochsong when it was a Group 2 race; It was subsequently promoted to a Group 1 race.

🇫🇷 France
 * Critérium International – (2) – 	Alson (2019), Angel Bleu (2021)
 * Critérium de Saint-Cloud – (1) – Passion for Gold (2009)
 * Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud – (2) – Alkaased (2005), Coronet (2019)
 * Poule d'Essai des Poulains – (3) – Vettori (1995), Bachir (2000), Shamardal (2005)
 * Prix de l'Abbaye de Longchamp – (3) – Lochsong (1993, 1994), Var (2004)
 * Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – (6) – Lammtarra (1995), Sakhee (2001), Marienbard (2002), Golden Horn (2015), Enable (2017, 2018)
 * Prix du Cadran – (1) – Sergeant Cecil (2006)
 * Prix de Diane – (2) – West Wind (2007), Star Of Seville (2015)
 * Prix de la Forêt – (3) – Caradak (2006), Olympic Glory (2014), Kinross (2022)
 * Prix Ganay – (2) – Pelder (1995), Cracksman (2018)
 * Prix d'Ispahan – (2) – Halling (1996), Best of the Bests (2002)
 * Prix Jacques Le Marois – (8) – Dubai Millennium (1999), Muhtathir (2000), Librettist (2006), Al Wukair (2017), Palace Pier (2020, 2021), Inspiral (2022, 2023)
 * Prix Jean-Luc Lagardère – (3) – Rio de la Plata (2007), Dabirsim (2011), Angel Bleu (2021)
 * Prix Jean Prat – (4) – Torrential (1995), Starborough (1997), Almutawakel (1998), Too Darn Hot (2019)
 * Prix Jean Romanet – (3) – Folk Opera (2008), Ribbons (2014), Coronet (2019)
 * Prix du Jockey Club – (3) – Polytain (1992), Shamardal (2005), Lawman (2007)
 * Prix Lupin – (1) – Flemensfirth (1995)
 * Prix Marcel Boussac – (2) – Ryafan (1996), Sulk (2001)
 * Prix Maurice de Gheest – (2) – Diktat (1999), Advertise (2019)
 * Prix Morny – (6) – Bahamian Bounty (1996), Dabirsim (2011), The Wow Signal (2014), Shalaa (2015), Lady Aurelia (2016), Campanelle (2020)
 * Prix du Moulin de Longchamp – (2) – Slickly (2001), Librettist (2006)
 * Prix de l'Opéra – (1) – Nahrain (2011)
 * Prix de la Salamandre – (2) – Lord of Men (1995), Aljabr (1998)
 * Prix de Royallieu – (6) – Annaba (1996), Tulipa (1997), Moon Queen (2001), Anna Pavlova (2007), Anapurna (2019), Loving Dream (2021)
 * Prix Vermeille – (3) – Mezzo Soprano (2003), Trêve (2013), Star Catcher (2019)

🇶🇦 Qatar
 * Emir's Trophy (Local Group 1) – (2) – Dubday (2014), Dubday (2015)
 * Qatar Gold Trophy (Local Group 1) – (1) – Dubday (2015)

🇩🇪 Germany
 * Bayerisches Zuchtrennen – (3) – Germany (1995), Kutub (2001), Elliptique (2016)
 * Deutsches Derby – (1) – Temporal (1991)
 * Deutschland-Preis – (3) – Luso (1997), Marienbard (2002), Campanologist (2010)
 * Grosser Preis von Baden – (3) – Germany (1995), Marienbard (2002), Mamool (2003)
 * Preis der Diana – (1) – Miss Yoda (2020)
 * Preis von Europa – (3) – Kutub (2001), Mamool (2003), Campanologist (2011)

🇭🇺 Hungary
 * Kincsem Dij (Local Group 1) – (1) – Splendent (2023)

Macau
 * Macau Derby – (1) – Royal Treasure (2002)

🇭🇰 Hong Kong
 * Centenary Sprint Cup – (1) – Firebolt (2002)
 * Hong Kong Cup – (3) – Fantastic Light (2000), Falbrav (2003), Ramonti (2007)
 * Hong Kong Mile – (1) – Firebreak (2004)
 * Hong Kong Vase – (2) – Luso (1996), Mastery (2010)
 * Queen Elizabeth II Cup – (1) – Overbury (1996)

🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago
 * Caribbean Champion Stakes – (1) – Bigman in Town (2014)

🇿🇦 South Africa
 * Cape Derby – (1) – Edict of Nantes (2017)

🇮🇪 Ireland
 * Irish 2,000 Guineas – (2) – Bachir (2000), Dubawi (2005)
 * Irish Champion Stakes – (6) – Swain (1998), Daylami (1999), Fantastic Light (2001), Grandera (2002), Snow Fairy (2012), Golden Horn (2015)
 * Irish Derby – (1) – Balanchine (1994)
 * Irish Oaks – (5) – Lailani (2001), Vintage Tipple (2003), Blue Bunting (2011), Enable (2017), Star Catcher (2019)
 * Irish St. Leger – (2) – Kayf Tara (1999), Wicklow Brave (2016)
 * Matron Stakes – (1) – Independence (2001)
 * National Stakes – (1) – Dubawi (2004)
 * Phoenix Stakes – (2) – Pips Pride (1992), Advertise (2018)
 * Pretty Polly Stakes – (1) – Del Deya (1994)
 * Tattersalls Gold Cup – (2) – Daylami (1998), Fantastic Light (2001)

🇮🇹 Italy
 * Derby Italiano (Downgraded to Group 2 in 2009) – (2) – Mukhalif (1999)
 * Gran Criterium – (1) – Kirklees (2006)
 * Gran Premio del Jockey Club – (6) – Misil (1993), Shantou (1996), Kutub (2001), Cherry Mix (2005), Schiaparelli (2009), Campanologist (2011)
 * Gran Premio d'Italia – (1) – Masad (1992)
 * Gran Premio di Milano (Downgraded to Group 2 in 2016) – (3) – Shantou (1997), Sudan (2007)
 * Oaks d'Italia – (1) – Nicole Pharly (1997)
 * Premio Roma – (5) – Legal Case (1990), Misil (1992), Flemensfirth (1996), Sunstrach (2002), Rio De La Plata (2010)
 * Premio Vittorio di Capua – (5) – Muhtathir (1999), Slickly (2001, 2002), Ancient World (2004), Rio De La Plata (2010)

🇨🇦 Canada
 * Canadian International Stakes – (4) – Mutafaweq (2000), Sulamani (2004), Joshua Tree (2012), Walton Street (2021)
 * E. P. Taylor Stakes – (2) – Timarida (1995), Folk Opera (2008)
 * Natalma Stakes - (1) - Wild Beauty (2021)
 * Summer Stakes - (1) - Albahr (2021)

🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates
 * Al Maktoum Challenge, Round 3 – (5) – Dubai Millennium (2000), Street Cry (2002), Grandera (2003), Electrocutionist (2006), Jalil (2008)
 * Dubai Turf – (3) – Tamayaz (1997), Lord North (2021, 2022, 2023)
 * Dubai Golden Shaheen – (1) – Kelly's Landing (2007)
 * Dubai Sheema Classic – (3) – Stowaway (1998), Sulamani (2003), Rewilding (2011)
 * Dubai World Cup – (4) – Dubai Millennium (2000), Moon Ballad (2003), Electrocutionist (2006), Country Grammer (2022)
 * Jebel Hatta – (2) – Siege (2000), Mahfooth (2001)
 * Al Quoz Sprint – (1) – Great Britain (2007)

🇺🇸 United States
 * Beverly D. Stakes – (1) – Crimson Palace (2004)
 * Breeders' Cup Classic – (1) – Raven's Pass (2008)
 * Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf – (3) – Ouija Board (2006), Queen's Trust (2016), Inspiral (2023)
 * Breeders' Cup Juvenile – (1) – Wilko (2004)
 * Breeders' Cup Juvenile Turf – (3) – Donativum (2008), Pounced (2009), Hootenanny (2014)
 * Breeders' Cup Mile – (2) – Barathea (1994), Expert Eye (2018)
 * Breeders' Cup Turf – (5) – Daylami (1999), Fantastic Light (2001), Red Rocks (2006), Dangerous Midge (2010), Enable (2018)
 * Santa Anita Handicap - (1) - Newgate (2024)
 * Jenny Wiley Stakes - (1) - Beaute Cachee (2024)

🇯🇵 Japan
 * Japan Cup – (3) – Singspiel (1996), Falbrav (2002), Alkaased (2005)
 * Japan Cup Dirt – (1) – Eagle Cafe (2002)

🇸🇬 Singapore
 * Singapore Gold Cup (Local Group 1) – (1) – Kutub (2002)
 * Singapore Airlines International Cup – (1) – Grandera (2002)

title: Frankie Dettori


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Shattered (British TV series)

Shattered is a reality television programme shown on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom, aired in January 2004 and presented by Dermot O'Leary.

Ten contestants were challenged with going without sleep for seven days while their actions were monitored, undergoing daily performance testing and a variety of challenges. They were competing for a potential prize fund of £100,000, with deductions made from the prize fund every time a contestant fell asleep.

Premise and challenges
Shattered was filmed in a specially constructed "laboratory" inside an abandoned shopping centre in Wapping.  The ten participants selected for the show were aged between 19 and 33, with one eliminated each night until the "sleep-off". They were initially kept awake for 36 hours, with a two-hour nap permitted before the live first episode. No medicines, alcohol, drugs, electronic equipment, mobile phones or musical instruments were allowed to be used. Performance tests included physical and mental tests, including tests of memory. Contestants were put forward for an elimination challenge after showing the greatest deterioration in performance in a day.

You Snooze You Lose
Every day a contestant was chosen by their peers to endure an hour-long "You Snooze You Lose" challenge, in which the chosen contestant was tasked with remaining awake through an experience intended to encourage them to fall asleep. These challenges included cuddling teddy bears, listening to a bedtime story in an overheated room, and watching paint dry while seated in a comfortable chair.

The Sleep-Off
On the final day the contestants were sent to bed, with the last to fall asleep winning. The show reported that Jonathan Wood and Chris Wandel fell asleep within 15 minutes while Clare Southern continued to stay awake until for nearly two hours, until producers intervened. She endured 178 hours of sleep deprivation, and won £97,000 in prize money.

Health effects
Contestants were provided with intermittent naps, daily sessions with a psychiatrist and doctor, and a doctor on call 24 hours a day during filming, with an ethics board adivising on issues surrounding the show. However, adverse effects of the sleep deprivation were evident in some contestants. For example, Chris reported major hallucinations and believed himself to be the Prime Minister of Australia, and Lucy left the show after consulting with the show's psychologists. None of the contestants reported significant long-term health consequences, with only weight gain and jet lag lasting a few days reported.

Reception
34 complaints were made to Ofcom about the effects of sleep deprivation on the contestants, as well as concern about the premise of the show. Ofcom said none of its programme guidelines were breached, and Channel 4 denied exploitation of the contestants, as well as emphasising the presence of ethics advisers and medical staff during filming.

1.8 million viewers watched both the first and second episodes of the programme.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Shattered (British TV series)


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Category:Biotechnology

 * Biotechnology — a technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, medicine, and genetic engineering.

title: Category:Biotechnology


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Chris James

Vanity. --Diberri | Talk 22:52, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC)


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Phocaea

Phocaea or Phokaia (Ancient Greek: Φώκαια, Phókaia; modern-day Foça in Turkey) was an ancient Ionian Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia. Greek colonists from Phocaea founded the colony of Massalia (modern-day Marseille, in France) in 600 BC, Emporion (modern-day Empúries, in Catalonia, Spain) in 575 BC and Elea (modern-day Velia, in Campania, Italy) in 540 BC.

Geography
Phocaea was the northernmost of the Ionian cities, on the boundary with Aeolis. It was located near the mouth of the river Hermus (now Gediz), and situated on the coast of the peninsula separating the Gulf of Cyme to the north, named for the largest of the Aeolian cities, and the Gulf of Smyrna (now İzmir) to the south.

Phocaea had two natural harbours within close range of the settlement, both containing a number of small islands. Phocaea's harbours allowed it to develop a thriving seafaring economy, and to become a great naval power, which greatly influenced its culture.

Recent archaeological surveys have shown that the city of Phocaea was large for the archaic period. Herodotus gives an idea of the size of Phocaea by describing the walls of Phocaea as having a length of several stadia.

A 4th century BC Persian tomb, known as Tas Kule (rock tower), stands (38.66028°N, 26.81722°W) 7 km east of Phocaea along a main road. This funerary monument was carved out of solid rock with a lower 2.7 meter high rectangular story (9 ×) surmounted by a second 1.9 meter high story (3 ×). Four steps between the two levels suggest strong Persian influence and most archaeologists believe this tomb was built for a Persian aristocrat or local leader serving the Persians. Compare the style of the tomb of Cyrus.

History
The ancient Greek geographer Pausanias says that Phocaea was founded by Phocians under Athenian leadership, on land given to them by the Aeolian Cymaeans, and that they were admitted into the Ionian League after accepting as kings the line of Codrus. Pottery remains indicate Aeolian presence as late as the 9th century BC, and Ionian presence as early as the end of the 9th century BC. From this an approximate date of settlement for Phocaea can be inferred.

According to Herodotus the Phocaeans were the first Greeks to make long sea-voyages, having discovered the coasts of the Adriatic, Tyrrhenia and Spain. Herodotus relates that they so impressed Arganthonios, king of Tartessus in Spain, that he invited them to settle there, and, when they declined, gave them a great sum of money to build a wall around their city.

Their sea travel was extensive. To the south they probably conducted trade with the Greek colony of Naucratis in Egypt, which was the colony of their fellow Ionian city Miletus. To the north, they probably helped settle Amisos (Samsun) on the Black Sea, and Lampsacus at the north end of the Hellespont (now the Dardanelles). However Phocaea's major colonies were to the west. These included Alalia in Corsica, Emporiae and Rhoda in Spain, and especially Massalia (Marseille) in France.

Phocaea remained independent until the reign of the Lydian king Croesus (circa 560–545 BC), when they, along with the rest of mainland Ionia, first, fell under Lydian control and then, along with Lydia (who had allied itself with Sparta) were conquered by Cyrus the Great of Persia in 546 BC, in one of the opening skirmishes of the great Greco-Persian conflict.

Rather than submit to Persian rule, the Phocaeans abandoned their city. Some may have fled to Chios, others to their colonies on Corsica and elsewhere in the Mediterranean, with some eventually returning to Phocaea. Many however became the founders of Elea, around 540 BC.

In 500 BC, Phocaea joined the Ionian Revolt against Persia. Indicative of its naval prowess, Dionysius, a Phocaean was chosen to command the Ionian fleet at the decisive Battle of Lade, in 494 BC. However, indicative of its declining fortunes, Phocaea was only able to contribute three ships, out of a total of "three hundred and fifty three". The Ionian fleet was defeated and the revolt ended shortly thereafter.

After the defeat of Xerxes I by the Greeks in 480 BC and the subsequent rise of Athenian power, Phocaea joined the Delian League, paying tribute to Athens of two talents. In 412 BC, during the Peloponnesian War, with the help of Sparta, Phocaea rebelled along with the rest of Ionia. The Peace of Antalcidas, which ended the Corinthian War, returned nominal control to Persia in 387 BC.

In 343 BC, the Phocaeans unsuccessfully laid siege to Kydonia on the island of Crete.

During the Hellenistic period it fell under Seleucid, then Attalid rule. In the Roman period, the town was a manufacturing center for ceramic vessels, including the late Roman Phocaean red slip.

It was later under the control of Benedetto Zaccaria, the Genoese ambassador to Byzantium, who received the town as a hereditary lordship; Zaccaria and his descendants amassed a considerable fortune from his properties there, especially the rich alum mines. It remained a Genoese colony until it was taken by the Turks in 1455. It is a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.

In 1914, Phocaea was the location of a massacre against ethnic Greek civilians by Turkish irregular bands.

Coinage
Probably following the Lydians, the Phocaeans were among the earliest in the world to make and use coins as money. Its earliest coins were made of electrum, a naturally occurring alloy of silver and gold. The British Museum has a Phocaean coin containing the image of a seal dating from 600 to 550 BC.

title: Phocaea


text:
Lou Dobbs

Louis Carl Dobbs (September 24, 1945 – July 18, 2024) was an American conservative political commentator, author, and television host who presented Lou Dobbs Tonight from 2003 to 2009 and 2011 to 2021. From 2021 until his death, he hosted The Great America Show on iHeartRadio and loudobbs.com.

Dobbs started working with CNN at its inception in 1980, serving as a reporter and network vice president. On the air, he served as host and managing editor of the network's business program, Moneyline, which premiered in 1980. The show was renamed Lou Dobbs Tonight in 2003. Dobbs resigned from CNN in 1999 but rejoined the network in 2001. He resigned once again in November 2009. He was the former talk radio host of Lou Dobbs Radio. From 2011, he hosted Lou Dobbs Tonight on the Fox Business Network until its cancellation in February 2021.

Dobbs was an early promoter of birtherism, the belief that former U.S. President Barack Obama is not a natural-born U.S. citizen. He was known for anti-immigration views, as well as for opposition to NAFTA and other trade deals. A staunch Donald Trump supporter, he infused his show with pro-Trump coverage. He was one of three Fox Corporation program hosts named in a $2.7 billion defamation lawsuit by Smartmatic relating to unproven conspiracy theories used in attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election. Dobbs was among the hosts named in the Dominion Voting Systems v. Fox News Network defamation lawsuit for broadcasting false statements about the plaintiff company's voting machines that Fox News settled for $787.5 million and required Fox News to acknowledge that the broadcast statements were false.

Early life and education
Louis Carl Dobbs, born September 24, 1945 in Childress County, Texas, was the son of Frank Dobbs, a co-owner of a propane business, and Lydia Mae (née Hensley), a bookkeeper. When Dobbs was twelve, his father's propane business failed and the family moved to Rupert, Idaho. Although accepted at the University of Idaho and Idaho State University, he was persuaded by the staff at Minico High School to apply to Harvard University, where he was accepted and graduated in 1967 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics.

Career
After college, Dobbs worked for federal anti-poverty programs in Boston and Washington, D.C., then returned to Idaho. He briefly attended the University of Idaho College of Law in Moscow, and then worked as a cash-management specialist for Union Bank of California in Los Angeles. He married his high school sweetheart in 1967, and in 1970 their first son was born. Dobbs moved to Yuma, Arizona, and got a job as a police and fire reporter for KBLU. By the mid-1970s, he was a television anchor and reporter in Phoenix, and he later joined Seattle's KING-TV. In 1979, he was contacted by a recruiter for Ted Turner, who was in the process of forming CNN.

CNN
Dobbs joined CNN when it launched in 1980, serving as its chief economics correspondent and as host of the business news program Moneyline on CNN. Dobbs also served as a corporate executive for CNN, as its executive vice president and as a member of CNN's executive committee. He founded CNN fn (CNN financial news), serving as its president and anchoring the program Business Unusual, which examined business creativity and leadership.

Departure and founding of Space.com
Dobbs repeatedly clashed with Rick Kaplan, who became president of CNN in 1997. Dobbs said Kaplan, a friend of then president Bill Clinton, was "clearly partisan" and "was pushing Clinton stories", while Kaplan said Dobbs was "a very difficult person to work with." On April 20, 1999, CNN was covering Clinton's speech in Littleton, Colorado, following the Columbine High School massacre. Dobbs ordered the producer to cut away from the speech and return to broadcast Moneyline. Dobbs was countermanded by Kaplan, who ordered CNN to return to the speech. Kaplan later said, "Tell me what journalistic reason there was not to cover the president at Columbine soon after the shootings? Everyone else was doing it". Dobbs announced on the air that "CNN President Rick Kaplan wants us to return to Littleton." A few days later, Dobbs announced that he was leaving the network to start Space.com, a website devoted to astronautical news. Dobbs was subsequently replaced as host of Moneyline by Willow Bay and Stuart Varney.

Space.com
Dobbs announced that he was leaving CNN to start up the site Space.com in July 1999. Dobbs was one of the primary shareholders in that company and later that year became Space.com's chief executive officer. Dobbs returned to CNN in 2001.

Return to CNN
Kaplan left CNN in August 2000, and Dobbs returned the following year, at the behest of his friend and CNN founder Ted Turner, becoming host and managing editor of the new and initially more general news program Lou Dobbs Reporting, which later became CNN News Sunday Morning. He also regained the helm of the newly renamed Lou Dobbs Moneyline (which became Lou Dobbs Tonight in June 2003).

According to The Washington Post, Dobbs started to increasingly focus on the alleged dangers of illegal immigration after returning to CNN. Dobbs became a self-described populist after his return to CNN, and criticized the "greed" of big corporations and their opposition to raising the minimum wage.

Exit from CNN
In July 2009, controversy around Dobbs began when he was the only mainstream news anchor to give airtime to the birther theory. Several media watch groups, including Media Matters and the Southern Poverty Law Center, criticized Dobbs for his reporting. The controversy eventually caused CNN President Jon Klein to rein Dobbs in via an internal memorandum. In September, advocates challenged Dobbs for appearing at a conference organized by the pro-border security group Federation for American Immigration Reform. Multiple campaigns were launched, including "Drop Dobbs" (NDN, Media Matters). The campaigns also attacked CNN for alleged hypocrisy towards Latinos, citing CNN's Latino in America special as incompatible with their continued support of Dobbs. The campaigns generated considerable anti-Dobbs press.

On the November 11, 2009, edition of his nightly broadcast Lou Dobbs Tonight, Dobbs announced his immediate departure from CNN, ending a nearly thirty-year career at the network, citing plans to "pursue new opportunities." CNN President Jon Klein said that Dobbs's departure was not a result of organized opposition to Dobbs's viewpoints.

Dobbs was reportedly paid $8 million in severance pay when he left CNN.

After Dobbs left CNN in 2009, he gave an interview where he did not rule out the possibility of running for President of the United States in 2012, saying the final decision would rest with his wife. Former Senator Dean Barkley said he thought Dobbs should run for president.

Radio
From 2008 to 2012, Dobbs hosted Lou Dobbs Radio on United Stations Radio Networks. The three-hour daily show had affiliates in several major markets, including its flagship station (WOR) in New York City. The show was guest-centered and featured political discussion and listener calls.

Dobbs was among the hosts who tried out for the position vacated by the cancellation of Imus in the Morning on WFAN, a position that was eventually filled by Boomer and Carton in the Morning.

Dobbs was also a regular columnist in Money magazine, U.S. News & World Report, and the New York Daily News.

Fox Business Network
On November 10, 2010, Fox Business Network announced that Dobbs would host a show on the channel. The network announced on March 3, 2011, the start date, show title, and time slot of Dobbs's new show. Entitled Lou Dobbs Tonight, the program debuted on March 14, 2011.

On February 4, 2021, voting machine company Smartmatic filed a $2.7 billion defamation suit against multiple parties, including Dobbs and two other Fox Corporation program hosts, asserting they had promoted conspiracy theories alleging the company and its competitor Dominion Voting Systems had participated in an international conspiracy to rig the 2020 presidential election against Donald Trump. The three programs had each run a video retraction weeks earlier, after receiving a demand letter from Smartmatic, though neither Dobbs nor the other hosts personally issued retractions. Venezuelan businessman Majed Khalil sued Dobbs, Fox News and Sidney Powell for $250 million in December 2021, alleging they had falsely implicated him in rigging Dominion and Smartmatic machines. A New York State Supreme Court judge ruled in March 2022 that the Smartmatic suit against Fox News could proceed, dismissing allegations against two individuals, though claims against Dobbs were allowed to stand. Dobbs and Fox News reached a confidential settlement with Khalil in April 2023.

The show was canceled by Fox News on February 5, 2021. The Los Angeles Times reported the decision had been under consideration before the Smartmatic legal issues arose. Brian Stelter and Oliver Darcy of CNN Business claimed that, despite being the highest-rated Fox Business Network program, it was a loss leader because many advertisers did not want to be associated with the content.

Other appearances
Since 2009, Dobbs had made regular appearances to discuss issues on other news network programs including CNBC's The Kudlow Report and Fox News Channel's The O'Reilly Factor. On October 5, 2010, Dobbs made a guest appearance on an episode of The Good Wife, entitled "Double Jeopardy", in which he plays a client in search of a new law firm to represent his legal interests.

Political views
Dobbs was known for his anti-immigration views, warnings about Islamist terrorism, and his opposition to outsourcing. He was also known for his pro-Trump coverage.

China
In December 2018, Dobbs suggested that the United States should start a war with China because of hacking by Chinese state actors. He compared hacking by the People's Liberation Army of China to the attack by the Japanese military on Pearl Harbor in 1941.

Birtherism
Dobbs promoted the theory that Barack Obama was not born in the United States. His willingness to raise the "birther" issue repeatedly, even though CNN itself considered it a "discredited rumor", led The Washington Post's TV critic to remark that this "explains their upcoming documentary: 'The World: Flat. We Report – You Decide.'" The issue had come up in 2008 during the Presidential campaign, and had largely disappeared from the media spotlight until Dobbs picked up the issue again. His statements in support of these conspiracy theories were dubbed "racist" and "defamatory" by the Southern Poverty Law Center. The controversy led to Media Matters airing ads critical of Dobbs and of CNN, and to Jon Stewart mocking Dobbs on the satirical Comedy Central television series The Daily Show. The Associated Press said that Dobbs had "become a publicity nightmare for CNN, embarrassed his boss and hosted a show that seemed to contradict the network's 'no bias' brand."

Environment
Dobbs believed that the scientific consensus on climate change was a hoax. Dobbs had asserted that scientists warned of global cooling in the 1970s, though that was a distinctly minority view. He said of the Obama administration's EPA that it was being run as if it were "part of the apparat of the Soviet Union."

Immigration
Dobbs held anti-immigration views. Dobbs was strongly opposed to both illegal immigration and foreign worker programs as the H-1B visa program and guest-worker programs. In a 2006 article, Dobbs expressed frustration at failed legislation to build a southern "border fence to stop the flow of illegal aliens and drugs across our borders." He argued that the "true victims of corporate America's lust for cheap labor" were "American working men and women, taxpayers all." During efforts to implement comprehensive immigration reform during the Bush administration in 2007, Dobbs devoted more than a quarter of all of his airtime during a three-month period to the subject of immigration, and covered it negatively.

Dobbs's show made factually incorrect claims, such as the one that illegal immigrants were responsible for bringing 7,000 new cases of leprosy to the United States in a three-year period, where the actual timeframe was over the last thirty years. In addressing the leprosy issue, Dobbs in May 2007 compared his critics from the left and right political spectrums to "commies" and "fascists." Dobbs also falsely claimed that "illegal aliens" were a third of the federal prison population in the United States.

Dobbs criticized local officials for their approach to border security. In October 2007 he labeled then-New York Governor Eliot Spitzer an "idiot" for advocating the issuance of driver's licenses to illegal immigrants. Hillary Clinton labeled Dobbs's illegal immigration segments as having "all that hot air."

In a November 2009 interview with Telemundo, Dobbs said that the U.S. needed a "rational, effective humane policy" for immigration that included enhanced border security and also "the ability to legalize illegal immigrants on certain conditions."

In October 2010, The Nation published the results of a yearlong investigation detailing undocumented workers who had worked on Dobbs's personal properties. The labor involved upkeep of Dobbs's multimillion-dollar estates in New Jersey and Florida, including the horses belonging to his daughter, Hillary, a champion show jumper. The article featured interviews with five immigrants who had worked without papers on Dobbs's properties. Speaking to the Associated Press, Dobbs referred to the article as "a political assault," claiming it was a lie that he hired illegal immigrants. He said: "I have never, do not now, and never will."

In November 2018, Dobbs falsely claimed that "many" undocumented immigrants voted in the 2018 mid-term elections and that they had an "immense impact."

Dobbs's critics, including columnist James K. Glassman, author of Dow 36,000 and member of the American Enterprise Institute think tank, accused him of inciting xenophobia. Others accused him of Hispanophobia, a charge he denied and one which he said offends him deeply, as his wife Debi Segura is a Mexican American.

After President Donald Trump stated in March 2019 that he supported legal immigration "in the largest numbers ever," Dobbs lamented that Trump was advancing "the interests of the global elite ahead of our citizens," adding, "the White House has simply lost its way."

Support for Trump
Dobbs's coverage of the Trump presidency was extremely supportive, with some outlets describing it as fawning and sycophantic. Fox News president Jay Wallace said in a September 2020 private message to a colleague that "the North Koreans do a more nuanced show" than Dobbs. Dobbs opened a November 2017 interview with Trump with "You have accomplished so much", and later said to Trump that he was "one of the most loved and respected" presidents "in history". The New York Times described the interview as a love-fest and "courtier-like session", as Dobbs "didn't so much ask questions as open his mouth and let rose petals fall out". During Trump's presidency, Dobbs was described as a "close informal adviser to President Donald Trump". Trump repeatedly called Dobbs to get his views on various policy issues.

Dobbs was a proponent of the Deep State theory. In January 2018, Dobbs called for a "war" on the "Deep State", which he described as the FBI and the Department of Justice. Dobbs said that the FBI and DOJ had destroyed evidence and that they were clandestinely working to bring down the Trump presidency. In June 2018, Dobbs promoted a conspiracy which originated on Reddit and the far-right conspiracy website Gateway Pundit that "the FBI may have initiated a number of spies into the Trump campaign as early as December of 2015". Shortly after Dobbs promoted the unfounded conspiracy theory, Trump retweeted Dobbs's assertion and praised Dobbs for a "great interview". In July 2018, Dobbs said that Special Counsel Robert Mueller was on a "jihad" against Trump, and accused him of seeking to "subvert" and "overthrow" Trump's presidency. In December 2018, Dobbs said there was "a legion of evildoers" in the FBI and that "we've got all of the folks in the FBI, corrupt, politically corrupt." That same month, he said that the judge overseeing Michael Flynn's sentencing sounded as if he was part of Mueller's "witch hunt."

In July 2018, Dobbs defended the Trump administration's decision to ban a CNN reporter from a press event. Multiple Fox colleagues, including Fox News President Jay Wallace, had shown solidarity with CNN and called on the White House to rescind the ban. His defense led to charges of hypocrisy: in 2012, when a Daily Caller reporter was criticized by the White House for shouting out a question during an address by Obama, Dobbs defended the reporter, saying "What is rude is a president not speaking to the American people and taking the questions of the White House press'. CNN's Jake Tapper suggested that Dobbs was hypocritical.

In August 2018, Dobbs ran a segment pushing unsubstantiated claims that Google was biased against Trump and that Google was promoting anti-Trump stories. Following Dobbs's segment, Trump tweeted that Google was suppressing conservatives and he tasked economic adviser Larry Kudlow to look into regulating Google.

In September 2018, after Trump falsely claimed that the official death count from Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico was fabricated by Democrats, Dobbs defended Trump's assertion. Dobbs claimed that "the numbers were inflated" and that the organizations behind the numbers "threw out science, statistics, and evidence to discredit the Trump administration".

In October 2018, when CNN and prominent Democrats were targeted with bomb attempts, Dobbs described the bomb attempts as "fake news" and promoted conspiracy theories that the bomb attempts were by Democrats who sought to increase their support in the upcoming mid-term elections. Several Fox News employees expressed dismay over Dobbs's rhetoric, with one employee telling CNN, "It's people like Dobbs who really ruin it for all the hard working journalists at Fox".

When the Trump administration rescinded CNN White House correspondent Jim Acosta's press pass, Dobbs supported the administration. At the same time, numerous media organizations, including Fox News, spoke out against the Trump administration's decision. When U.S. District Court Judge Timothy J. Kelly, a Trump appointee, temporarily restored Acosta's press pass, Dobbs described the ruling as "absurd." When the Trump administration complied with the ruling, Dobbs called on the administration to ignore the ruling and tell the "district court judge to go to hell."

In January 2019, Dobbs described Mitt Romney as a "traitor" and "treasonous" after he wrote an op-ed published in The Washington Post criticizing Trump's character. In July 2019, Dobbs referred to U.S. military generals who raised concerns about Trump's decision to put on a July 4 military show in Washington D.C. as "Snowflake Generals".

During the impeachment trial of Donald Trump, The New York Times reported that former Trump national security advisor and 11-year paid contributor to Fox News John Bolton had written in his forthcoming book that Trump had told him that he wanted to continue withholding aid to Ukraine until the country investigated Democrats and the Bidens. On his show the following day, Dobbs asserted that Bolton had been "reduced to a tool for the radical Dems and the deep state with his allegation."

The day senior Justice Department officials intervened in the case of longtime Trump associate Roger Stone with a recommendation of a lighter sentence than had been recommended by DOJ prosecutors the prior day, Dobbs stated on his program that attorney general Bill Barr was "doing the Lord's work" by intervening. The intervention raised questions about the political neutrality of the DOJ. The next day, Barr stated in a televised interview that Trump's comments about ongoing DOJ investigations "make it impossible to do my job," causing Dobbs to state on his program, "I guess I am so disappointed in Bill Barr, I have to say this – it's a damn shame when he doesn't get what this president has gone through, and what the American people have gone through, and what his charge is as attorney general." The following day, after the Justice Department stated it would not prosecute former FBI deputy director Andrew McCabe, a frequent target of Trump's ire, Dobbs stated on his program, "I have serious, serious questions tonight about the integrity of the Justice Department under Attorney General Barr."

As Trump, his surrogates and supporters made baseless claims of voting fraud in the aftermath of his 2020 election defeat, Dobbs chastised Republicans for not helping the president to claim "what is rightfully his." He said that Republicans who voted to certify Joe Biden's Electoral College win were "criminal." After Attorney General Bill Barr said there was no evidence of widespread fraud in the election, Dobbs said that Barr was "compromised" and had become part of the "deep state."

In December 2020, Dobbs aired a segment on his show debunking the very same conspiracy theories that had been amplified on his show; this was in response to a legal threat by the voting technology company Smartmatic which had been the subject of some of the conspiracy theorizing. Speaking to Republican consultant Ed Rollins during his January 4, 2021 broadcast, Dobbs said:"We're eight weeks from the election, and we still don't have verifiable, tangible support for the crimes that everyone knows were committed — that is, defrauding other citizens who voted with fraudulent votes. We know that's the case in Nevada, we know it's the case in Pennsylvania and a number of other states, but we have had a devil of a time finding actual proof. Why?"Following the storming of the United States Capitol by Trump supporters in January 2021, Dobbs was among those who advanced the conspiracy theory that people associated with antifa were responsible for the attack.

George Soros conspiracy theories
Dobbs peddled numerous conspiracy theories about the Jewish-American philanthropist and businessman George Soros. Dobbs referred to him as an "evil SOB" and insidious.

Dobbs's Fox Business Channel shows stirred controversy in October 2018 when a guest on Dobbs's show used what many described as an anti-Semitic trope to suggest that the State Department was "Soros-occupied" territory echoing the anti-Semitic conspiracy theory of a "Zionist-occupied government". The remarks came days after bombing attempts on Soros and leading Democrats, and the remarks were replayed on Fox Business hours after an anti-Semitic gunman at a Pittsburgh synagogue killed 11 people.

After widespread condemnation, Fox stated that the guest, Chris Farrell of Judicial Watch, would no longer be booked and that the program episode would be withdrawn from the Fox News archives. In the midst of the Trump-Ukraine scandal in November 2019, attorney Joseph diGenova made similar comments on Dobbs's program, falsely claiming that "George Soros controls a very large part of the career foreign service of the United States State Department. He also controls the activities of FBI agents overseas who work for NGOs – work with NGOs. That was very evident in Ukraine." Dobbs did not dispute diGenova's claim.

Other views
Dobbs opposed gun control and, though he was a fiscal conservative, supported some government regulations, as revealed in a 60 Minutes interview. He was critical of trade policies that he said encourage "sending jobs overseas".

Dobbs's stance on trade earned plaudits from some trade union activists on the traditional political left, while his stance on immigration tended to appeal to the right.

Dobbs was the author of War on the Middle Class, in which he claimed both Democrats and Republicans are harming the middle class. In it, he came out strongly against the Bush tax cuts, which he argued favor the wealthy, and argued for raising the U.S. minimum wage from what was then $5.15 an hour.

In March 2009, Dobbs said he thought there should not be a St. Patrick's Day.

Reception
Journalist Amy Goodman criticized Dobbs's journalistic ethics, accusing him of making flagrant errors in his reporting and assailing his staff's association with what she describes as disreputable sources.

Awards
Dobbs won numerous major awards for his television journalism, including a Lifetime Achievement Emmy Award and a Cable Ace Award. He received the George Foster Peabody Award for his coverage of the 1987 stock market crash. He also has received the Luminary Award of the Business Journalism Review in 1990, the Horatio Alger Association Award for Distinguished Americans in 1999 and the National Space Club Media Award in 2000. The Wall Street Journal has named Dobbs "TV's Premier Business News Anchorman". In 2004, Dobbs was awarded the Eugene Katz Award For Excellence in the Coverage of Immigration by the Center for Immigration Studies and in 2005 he received the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution's Statesmanship Award. Dobbs was named "Father of the Year" by the National Father's Day Committee in 1993. In 2008 Dobbs received the American Legion Public Relations Award from the National Commander of The American Legion.

Personal life and death
Dobbs divorced his first wife in 1981 and later married Debi Lee Segura, a former CNN sports anchor. The couple raised four children together.

Dobbs died on July 18, 2024, at the age of 78.

Books

 * Lou Dobbs, with James O. Born, Border War, Forge (2014). ISBN 978-0765327710.
 * Lou Dobbs, Independents Day: Awakening the American Spirit, Viking (2007). ISBN 978-0-670-01836-9.
 * Lou Dobbs, Exporting America: Why Corporate Greed Is Shipping American Jobs Overseas, Warner Books (2004). ISBN 0-446-57744-8.
 * Lou Dobbs, Space: The Next Business Frontier with HP Newquist, Pocket Books (2001). ISBN 0-7434-2389-5.
 * Lou Dobbs, War on the Middle Class: How the Government, Big Business, and Special Interest Groups Are Waging War on the American Dream and How to Fight Back, Viking (2006). ISBN 0-670-03792-3.
 * Ron Hira and Anil Hira, with foreword by Lou Dobbs, Outsourcing America: What's Behind Our National Crisis and How We Can Reclaim American Jobs. (AMACOM) American Management Association (May 2005). ISBN 0-8144-0868-0.
 * Lou Dobbs, Upheaval, Threshold Editions (2014), ISBN 978-1-4767-2885-8.
 * Lou Dobbs and James O. Born, Putin's Gambit: A Novel (2017), ISBN 978-0765376527.

title: Lou Dobbs


text:
U.S. Route 42

U.S. Route 42 (US 42) is an east–west United States highway that runs southwest–northeast for 350 mi from Louisville, Kentucky to Cleveland, Ohio. The route has several names including Pearl Road from Cleveland to Medina in Northeast Ohio, Reading Road in Cincinnati, Cincinnati and Lebanon Pike in southwestern Ohio and Brownsboro Road in Louisville. Traveling northeast, the highway ends in downtown Cleveland and traveling southwest ends in Louisville.

Interstate 71 (I-71) fully supplanted US 42 as an interurban highway in the early 1960s, relegating US 42 to its current role as an ordinary town-to-town surface road. Additionally, I-71 passes through Columbus, whereas US 42 bypasses Columbus. It remains intact as a route; no part of it has ever been diverted to any Interstate highway. It is not the "parent" of any US route with a related number.

In spite of its even number, US 42 is posted north–south in Ohio.

Kentucky
U.S. Route 42 starts in Louisville, Kentucky, heading northeast through Prospect on the Oldham County and Jefferson County line. From here US 42 is a two lane road passing through the northern Kentucky hills paralleling between Interstate 71 and the Ohio River. Next, it passes through Goshen near North Oldham High School, situated on the north side. US 42 continues through Oldham County into Trimble County. In Bedford US 42 intersects with US 421 and is concurrent through downtown. The route still heading northeast crosses into Carroll County prior to crossing the Kentucky River and entering Carrollton. US 42 follows northeast along the south bank of the Ohio River passing Markland Lock and Dam and KY 1039 Markland Dam Bridge which connects between Kentucky Speedway and Indiana. Heading east US 42 parallels the Ohio River passing through Warsaw, Gallatin County about 5 mi prior to intersecting with US 127 starting an extended concurrency. US 127 heads south toward Glencoe, Owenton, and eventually Frankfort.

From the intersection with US 127, US 42 turns away from the Ohio River bank. US 42 enters Boone County about 2.25 mi prior to intersecting with the western terminus of Kentucky Route 14 (KY 14). Continuing north US 42-127 in about 6 mi intersects Beaver Road KY 338 creating a wrong-way concurrency between US 127 and KY 338: when going north, drivers are traveling east on US 42, north on US 127, and south on Kentucky 338. This continues for less than a mile until it intersects with Richwood Pike where KY 338 splits off continuing south.

Continuing north for several miles the US 42-127 intersects with KY 536 (Mount Zion Road). Prior to KY 536 Ryle High School sits on the road's west side. Just south of Ryle, US 42 turns from a two-lane country road to a five-lane road. US 42 passes through Union prior to continuing to the northeast with US 127. After a couple of miles, it crosses Interstate 71/Interstate 75. Entering Florence US 42 intersects with KY 842 and KY 237. Within Florence US 25 Dixie Highway joins in a concurrency with US 42-127 which takes on the name Dixie Highway. After crossing briefly into Elsmere, the route enters Erlanger. US 42 becomes almost entirely a commercial road for the duration of its length in Erlanger. Prior to leaving Erlanger, US 42 becomes narrower and more congested after it crosses KY 236.

US 42 is primarily a commercial road prior to crossing under I-275 and proceeds to turn back into an almost purely residential road with a few exceptions while going north. The route intersects with KY 1303 (Turkeyfoot Road) northern terminus. The Crestview Hills town center lies just south of I-275 on the east side of the road, between Dixie Highway and Turkeyfoot Road. Dixie Heights High School is less than a mile down the road on the western side. Two intersections later US 42 is joined with KY 371 for about 500 ft. After crossing I-71/I-75 again the road heads in a northeast direction closely parallel to I-71/I-75. As it heads north US 42 starts off mostly as a residential road, turning more and more into a commercial road.

As it winds down from the suburbs into Covington the highway's name changes from Dixie Highway to Pike Street prior to crossing I-71/I-75 again. US 25-42-127 turns left on Main St heading north and crossing KY 8. US 42 crosses into Ohio from Covington on the Clay Wade Bailey Bridge, together with US 25 and US 127.

Ohio
US 42 stretches 241.8 mi across Ohio. It is classified as 59.3% rural and 40.7% urban, with only 1.1 mi coded as freeway (while running concurrently with US 23 in Delaware). The route begins in Cincinnati, then passes through Hamilton, Butler, Warren, Greene, Clark, Madison, Union, Delaware, Morrow, Richland, Ashland, Wayne and Medina, Cuyahoga counties prior to reaching its terminus in Cleveland. The route barely enters Butler and Wayne counties with about 3 mi in each.

US 42 crosses into Cincinnati from Covington, Kentucky, on the Clay Wade Bailey Bridge, concurrent with US 127. US 42 heads northeast out of Cincinnati on Reading Road, which runs between I-71 and I-75. In 2020, the Cincinnati City Council approved a project to rename Reading Road to President Barack Obama Avenue from Downtown Cincinnati to Reading, pending private donations; all 30,000 signs are expected to be installed by September 2021. Reading Road intersects with I-275, then briefly enters Butler County. The Ohio Department of Transportation has given this portion of US 42 the name Columbus–Cincinnati Road, but it is locally known as Cincinnati–Columbus Road, a name that also appears on West Chester Township signs along the road.

The portion of US 42 in Warren County between Lebanon and Waynesville is designated "Sergeant Brian Dulle Memorial Highway", in honor of a Warren County Sheriff's deputy who was struck and killed along US 42 on May 10, 2011, by a stolen car, while he was laying out stop sticks to catch the driver.

The intersection with Spring Valley–Paintersville Road in Spring Valley Township, Greene County near the village of Spring Valley has been the site of numerous fail-to-yield accidents, including a double fatality in 2017. In October 2018, the Ohio Department of Transportation announced that it would convert the intersection into a "basic RCUT", which would add a median and replace all left turns with right-in/right-out turns and median U-turns. The project is expected to cost around $1.2 million and begin in late 2020.

In Xenia, the intersection of US 42 (North Columbus Street) and East Church Street, where US 42 formerly continued at an awkward angle, was converted to a roundabout on June 12, 2020, at a cost of approximately $1.1 million. After leaving Xenia, major cities along the route are London, Delaware, Mansfield, Ashland and Medina prior to reaching the Cleveland metropolitan area. In London US 42 intersects with I-70. Other than a short concurrency at each end, in Delaware are the only other two concurrencies with US routes. Entering Delaware from the south US 42 runs concurrent with US 23 in Delaware until the junction with US 36 which it follows east for about .25 mi before turning back to the north. The 1.1 mi concurrence with US 23 is the only stretch of US 42 that is categorized as a freeway in Ohio.

Heading into Cuyahoga County at Strongsville, US 42 intersects I-80, the Ohio Turnpike, and continues through Middleburg Heights, Parma Heights, and Parma heading into Cleveland and is known locally as Pearl Road. US 42 continues north intersecting with I-71 and nearby exits to I-90. The route is part of the Ohio & Erie Canalway Scenic Byway while continuing north on West 25th. At this point on the route the road is a business district surrounded by varying business and residents of the Ohio City neighborhood. Along this stretch of the route, can be found many historic buildings, including the West Side Market. The last stretch of US 42 is a concurrency with US 6.

The eastern/northern end of US 42 finds its terminus at the intersection of Superior Avenue and Ontario Street in the middle of Public Square in downtown Cleveland. This intersection also serves as the western terminus of US 322 coming from the east on Superior as well as the western termini of US 422, Ohio State Route 14 (SR 14), and SR 87 and the northern terminus of SR 8 coming from the south on Ontario.

title: U.S. Route 42


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UUP

UUP may refer to:

 * Moscovium, an element formerly known as Ununpentium (Uup)
 * Ulster Unionist Party, a political party in Northern Ireland
 * United Utah Party, a political party in the United States
 * Updated Airspace Use Plan (UUP), an air traffic control status message
 * Invesco PowerShares (NYSE stock ticker symbol UUP)
 * Royal Malaysian Police Air Wing Unit (Malay: Unit Udara PDRM (UUP))
 * uup RNA motif

title: UUP


text:
Pamela Wallin Live

Pamela Wallin Live was a Canadian interview series which aired on CBC Newsworld from 1995 to 1999. It was hosted by Pamela Wallin.

Following her highly publicized firing from the CBC's Prime Time News in 1995, Wallin formed her own production company and launched the series. Instead of reporting or anchoring the news, Pamela Wallin Live featured Wallin interviewing newsmakers, celebrities and other figures in a format similar to CNN's Larry King Live.

The show quickly proved to be one of Newsworld's most popular offerings, and in some seasons was repeated the following afternoon on the CBC's main network as well.

In 1998, Newsworld moved the series to a different time slot, and the show no longer aired live. Its title was changed at that time to simply Pamela Wallin.

In 1999, Wallin moved the series to CTV's new specialty channel TalkTV, where it became Pamela Wallin's TalkTV. It aired there until 2002, when Wallin accepted a diplomatic posting as Canada's Consul General in New York City.

title: Pamela Wallin Live


text:
Terrence Deacon

Terrence William Deacon (born 1950) is an American neuroanthropologist (Ph.D. in Biological Anthropology, Harvard University 1984). He taught at Harvard for eight years, relocated to Boston University in 1992, and is currently Professor of Anthropology and member of the Cognitive Science Faculty at the University of California, Berkeley.

Theoretical interests
Deacon's theoretical interests include the study of evolution-like processes at multiple levels, including their role in embryonic development, neural signal processing, language change, social processes, and focusing especially on how these different processes interact and depend on each other. He has long stated an interest in developing a scientific semiotics (particularly biosemiotics) that would contribute to both linguistic theory and cognitive neuroscience.

Fields of research
Deacon's research combines human evolutionary biology and neuroscience, with the aim of investigating the evolution of human cognition. His work extends from laboratory-based cellular-molecular neurobiology to the study of semiotic processes underlying animal and human communication, especially language and language origins. His neurobiological research is focused on determining the nature of the human divergence from typical primate brain anatomy, the cellular-molecular mechanisms producing this difference, and the correlations between these anatomical differences and special human cognitive abilities, again, particularly language.

Work
His 1997 book, The Symbolic Species: The Co-evolution of Language and the Brain is widely considered a seminal work in the subject of evolutionary cognition. His approach to semiotics, thoroughly described in the book, is fueled by a career-long interest in the ideas of the late 19th-century American philosopher, Charles Sanders Peirce. In it, he uses the metaphors of parasite and host to describe language and the brain, respectively, arguing that the structures of language have co-evolved to adapt to their brain hosts.

His 2011 book, Incomplete Nature: How Mind Emerged from Matter, explores the properties of life, the emergence of consciousness, and the relationship between evolutionary and semiotic processes. The book speculates on how properties such as information, value, purpose, meaning, and end-directed behavior emerged from physics and chemistry. Critics of the book argue that Deacon has drawn heavily from the works of Alicia Juarrero and Evan Thompson without providing full citations or references, but a UC Berkeley investigation exonerated Deacon.

In contrast to the arguments presented by Juarrero in Dynamics in Action (1999, MIT Press) and by Thompson in Mind in Life (2007, Belknap Press and Harvard University Press), Deacon explicitly rejects claims that living or mental phenomena can be explained by dynamical systems approaches. Instead, Deacon argues that life- or mind-like properties only emerge from a higher-order reciprocal relationship between self-organizing processes.

Books

 * The Symbolic Species: The Co-evolution of Language and the Brain. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 1997. ISBN 978-0-393-31754-1
 * Incomplete Nature: How Mind Emerged from Matter. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 2011. ISBN 978-0-393-04991-6

Articles and essays

 * Deacon, T.W. (1989). "Holism and associationism in neuropsychology: an anatomical synthesis." in E. Perecman (Ed.), Integrating Theory and Practice in Clinical Neuropsychology. Erlbaum. Hilsdale, NJ. 1-47.
 * Deacon, T.W. (1990). "Rethinking mammalian brain evolution." Am Zool. 30:629–705.
 * Deacon, T.W. (1997). "What makes the human brain different?" Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 26: 337-57.
 * Deacon, T.W. (2001). "Heterochrony in brain evolution." In Parker et al. (eds.), Biology, Brains, and Behavior. SAR Press, pp. 41–88.
 * Deacon, T.W. (2006). "Emergence: The Hole at the Wheel’s Hub." Chapter 5 in P. Clayton & P. Davies (Eds.), The Re-Emergence of Emergence: The Emergentist Hypothesis from Science to Religion. Oxford University Press, pp. 111–150.
 * Deacon, T.W. (2006). "Reciprocal linkage between self-organizing processes is sufficient for self-reproduction and evolvability." Biological Theory 1(2):136-149.
 * Deacon, T.W. (2007). "Shannon-Boltzmann-Darwin: Redefining Information. Part 1." Cognitive Semiotics 1:123-148.
 * Deacon, T.W. (2008). "Shannon-Boltzmann-Darwin: Redefining Information. Part 2." Cognitive Semiotics 2:167-194.
 * Kull, Kalevi; Deacon, Terrence; Emmeche, Claus; Hoffmeyer, Jesper; Stjernfelt, Frederik. (2009). Theses on biosemiotics: Prolegomena to a theoretical biology. Biological Theory 4(2): 167–173.
 * Deacon, T.W. (2010). "A role for relaxed selection in the evolution of the language capacity." PNAS.107:9000-9006.
 * Deacon, T.W. (2010). "On the Human: Rethinking the natural selection of human language"

title: Terrence Deacon


text:
Paulo Portas

Paulo de Sacadura Cabral Portas (born 12 September 1962, ) is a Portuguese media and political figure, who has, since the 1990s, been one of Portugal's leading conservative politicians. He was the leader of one of Portugal's right-wing parties, the CDS – People's Party (CDS-PP) from 1998 to 2005 and 2007–2016, on whose lists he was elected to the Portuguese Parliament in every legislative election between 1995 and 2015. He was Deputy Prime Minister of Portugal from 2013 to 2015, Minister of State and Foreign Affairs from 2011 to 2013, and Minister of Defence from 2002 to 2005, all three times in coalitions of the PSD and his CDS-PP. Portas withdrew from politics in 2016.

Early life
Paulo Portas was born in Lisbon and grew up in Vila Viçosa. His father, Nuno Portas, was an influential post-modernist architect, who professed progressive Roman Catholic views. His mother, Helena Sacadura Cabral (niece of aviation pioneer Artur Sacadura Cabral) is an economist, journalist and author, who held more conservative views that appear to have passed on to Paulo Portas. who stayed living with her after his parents separated. In contrast, his older brother Miguel Portas stayed with their father and became a communist and later a leftist. Their half-sister is Catarina Portas, a well-known Portuguese journalist, businesswoman and media personality.

Following the 1974 Carnation revolution in Portugal, Paulo Portas was briefly sent to school in France but returned in 1975 to study at Lisbon's top private high school (Colégio S. João de Brito). In 1984 he got a law degree from the Portuguese Catholic University, where he met Manuel Monteiro who, 10 years later, would serve as Portas's stepping stone into the CDS-PP and national politics. He is said to be a Church-going Catholic.

Press career
At age 12 in junior high school, Paulo Portas is said to have launched a school newspaper called "Laughs and Smiles" (Risos e Sorrisos); it is not known how long it lasted. In his mid-teens (1974–75) he began contributing to the official newspaper of the youth wing of the PSD (which at the time was called Partido Popular Democrático, 'PPD'). The paper was called "On Behalf of Socialism" (Pelo Socialismo) and Portas became its chief editor. As a teen he also began working on the conservative daily A Tarde and weekly O Tempo newspapers and soon his eloquent anti-leftist views earned him guest opinion columns in the few conservative newspapers of post-revolution Lisbon. He first became nationally known at 15 years of age when he wrote a letter-to-the-editor of the daily evening newspaper Jornal Novo that prominently published it under the heading "Three Betrayals" ("Três Traições") directly accusing then president Ramalho Eanes, prime minister Mário Soares and foreign minister Diogo Freitas do Amaral of "selling out" Portugal's African colonies in 1974–75. The article earned him a libel lawsuit from President Eanes and valuable public exposure to get his own weekly opinion column in O Tempo and, some years later, in the new weekly Semanário. In 1987, he co-founded, with Miguel Esteves Cardoso, the weekly newspaper O Independente, which started publication in May 1988 and became known for its innovative editorial concepts as well as for denouncing political scandals, often on the basis of little more than hearsay. In reporting such scandals, Portas personally targeted the then prime-minister Aníbal Cavaco Silva and most of his ministers (1985–1995) thus making several enemies in the PSD. Although it reached very respectable circulation levels in the 1990s, O Independente never quite reached Portas's stated objective of outselling the leading Portuguese weekly Expresso and eventually folded in 2006.

In the 1990s Portas became a TV personality appearing regularly on several Portuguese TV channels as a political commentator. He was a sporadic panel member in a popular weekly night TV talk show (Raios e Coriscos) and in the Portuguese edition of Crossfire. In 2006, after his first stint as a government minister, he returned to TV with his own biweekly show (O Estado da Arte) where he commented on current issues.

The formative years, 1974–85
Paulo Portas showed a precocious interest in politics and as a child engaged in lively political discussions with his elders. In 1975 he joined the youth wing of the Democratic Popular Party (PPD), which in 1976 became PSD Social Democratic Party. He would later profess to have been a staunch follower of PPD's founder Francisco Sá Carneiro, who is said to have relished the views of the 14-year-old Paulo Portas and personally sponsored his full PSD membership in 1978. Sá Carneiro died in 1980 and, following a bitter loss in an internal election of the party's youth-wing JSD, Portas quietly left PSD in 1982. He remained involved with politics through his popular opinion-columns in the conservative weekly newspapers O Tempo and Semanário.

Early political career, 1986–97
Paulo Portas took his first big step into politics in 1986 with his personal endorsement of presidential candidate Diogo Freitas do Amaral, in support of whom Portas, already a well-known media pundit, campaigned with determination. However, Freitas do Amaral lost the election and Portas stepped back from politics to launch the "O Independente" newspaper project and became its Deputy-Director. By the 1990s he was a widely recognized national figure and stated more than once on TV that he "did not want to be a politician" but it would later become apparent that he was, on the contrary, moving full speed towards becoming Portugal's leading conservative politician. He is credited with helping his former University colleague Manuel Monteiro gain the leadership of the Centro Democrático Social (CDS) party in 1992 and with coming up with new strategies, such as rebranding the CDS as the People's Party (CDS-PP) in line with several of the major conservative European parties. In 1995, Portas formally joined the CDS-PP with the full support of Manuel Monteiro, who put him at the top of the party list in the district of Aveiro thus ensuring that he would become a member of the Portuguese Parliament in that year's legislative elections. In 1997 he ran and was elected member of the municipal chamber of Oliveira de Azeméis.

Affirmation as party leader, 1998–2001
In 1998, after the CDS-PP performed poorly in the 1997 local elections, Portas made his move to control the party by first manoeuvering to get Manuel Monteiro to resign, and then by defeating his hand-picked successor who underestimated Portas by comparing him to Mickey Mouse. On 22 March 1998, Portas finally became President of the CDS-PP after a bitter take-over that established Portas's reputation as a cunning politician who does not hesitate to remove those who stand in his way even if they had formerly been his friends or allies.

Upon taking over the CDS-PP, he immediately sought to energize the party and earn himself name recognition by campaigning in more media-friendly ways and soon became known by his appearances in public events that earned him the nickname "Paulie of the Market Fairs" (in Portuguese: "Paulinho das Feiras"). He is also said to have brought in political marketing experts to enhance his image and that of the party. He was a leading voice against Portugal's "regionalization" and "legalization of abortion" in two 1998 referendums that did not come to pass. In 1999, he headed the CDS-PP list to the European Parliament, got elected but only remained in Brussels less than six months. In 2001 he ran for Mayor of Lisbon and was soundly defeated, but got enough votes to be elected member of the City Council. Despite running under the slogan "I shall remain" (in Portuguese: "Eu fico"), he left City Council shortly afterwards to focus on the 2002 elections.

In 1993, Paulo Portas said of Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa that he was an unreliable source for O Independente's, and had given an account of a political VIP dinner that had never taken place going as far as inventing that the soup served during the dinner was Vichyssoise. Later, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, in 1999 when he was leader of Portugal's Social Democratic Party (PSD), sought an elections alliance with Paulo Portas's CDS-PP that was initially agreed but collapsed shortly. Marcelo then had to resign from the PSD leadership.

Minister of Defence, 2002-05
In the 2002 legislative elections, the CDS-PP won 8.7 percent of the vote and 14 Parliament seats, which were sufficient to form a government majority with the PSD that won the election. The CDS-PP participated in two coalition governments from April 2002 to March 2005 and Portas served as Minister of State and National Defence in the first (Durão Barroso) and Minister of State, National Defence and Maritime Affairs in the second (Pedro Santana Lopes). As Minister of Defence, he presided over important reforms of the military, such as abolishing conscription, but his most lasting legacy was the upgrade of military equipment in the context of the 2003 "Military Programming Law" that envisaged a major boost in military equipment spending to 5,341 million euros, including two submarines and 260 combat vehicles that would become the subject of much controversy after he left office. As Minister of Defense, Paulo Portas was also determinant in aligning Portugal with George W. Bush's 2003 Iraq invasion by saying he had personally "seen irrefutable evidence of weapons of mass destruction" while on an official visit to Washington. He was subsequently awarded the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service by the USA's Defense Department.

Back in Parliament, 2006–11
In the 2005 early elections, the two incumbent coalition parties suffered a crushing defeat, with CDS-PP losing 60,000 votes and two of its fourteen seats in Parliament. Paulo Portas assumed the responsibility for the defeat and resigned from the party leadership but not from his seat in parliament. He failed to get his preferred successor (Telmo Correia) elected, but some of his staunchest party allies managed to remain in control of the party's Directorate (the "National Congress") setting the stage for Paulo Portas to return in 2007 in what his brief successor José Ribeiro e Castro called "a coup d'etat." Paulo Portas had accused Ribeiro Castro of being an ineffective absentee leader (for keeping his post at the European Parliament) and called for party elections open to all CDS-PP supporters gambling that he would capture the support of the less involved party members. Ribeiro e Castro questioned the legality of Portas' challenge but, in April 2007, he was soundly defeated by Portas who got 70% of the militants' votes and would remain as CDS-PP president until 2016. For the next six years, Paulo Portas led his party in the opposition to the ruling Socialist Party (PS). His new strategy for the party was to focus on a few major issues (such as agriculture, tax cuts, fuel prices) in order for CDS-PP to retain conservative voters, who, in the past, supported CDS-PP but voted PSD at election time. In 2009 he personally ran for local office in the small municipality of Arouca (population: 20,000) and was elected to the Municipal Assembly significantly boosting CDS-PP's votes in the region. In 2006–07, just prior to regaining the party leadership, Paulo Portas again had been a leading 'No!' voice against the legalization of abortion in Portugal in the 2007 referendum that was won by the "Yes!" vote that reversed the "No!" outcome of the 1998 referendum.

Minister of State and Foreign Affairs, 2011–13
In the 2011 elections, Portas's opposition strategies paid off and the CDS-PP achieved its best result in 30 years: 11.7% of the total vote. The winning party, the PSD, needed the CDS-PP to reach a parliamentary majority and the two parties formed a coalition government. By his own choice, Portas became Minister of State and of Foreign Affairs and secured two more minister slots for the CDS-PP, including the Minister of Agriculture position for his youthful female protégée Assunção Cristas, who would five years later succeed Portas in the CDS-PP party's leadership. As minister, Portas chose (and relished) devoting himself fully to performing his official functions, in particular traveling abroad. He made his priority what he called "economic diplomacy", meaning the generation through diplomacy of business opportunities abroad for Portuguese companies. To that effect, he wrestled control of the Portuguese Foreign Investment and Trade Agency (AICEP) from the Ministry of Economics. In 2013, to attract foreign investments, Paulo Portas instituted "golden visas" to make it possible for non-EU foreigners to obtain Portuguese residency if they invested at least 500,000 euros in Portuguese real estate. By focusing on his duties as Minister of Foreign Affairs, he also managed to distance himself from the difficult decisions related to Portugal's economic austerity program. More than once he kept silent or expressed his disagreement with unpopular measures taken by the government to which he belonged, and on 2 July 2013 he abruptly resigned in protest at the appointment of a Finance Minister (Maria Luís Albuquerque) he did not approve of, a decision he called "irrevocable" but that he subsequently revoked.

Deputy Prime-Minister, 2013–15
When Paulo Portas resigned from the government in July 2013, Prime-Minister Passos Coelho feared the end of his coalition government and negotiated with Paulo Portas his permanence in a higher capacity as Deputy Prime Minister with oversight over economic issues. Paulo Portas also obtained control of the Ministry of Economy where he placed two close associates: minister António Pires de Lima (his close childhood friend ) and state secretary Adolfo Mesquita Nunes (his youthful protégé in the CDS-PP party ). In control of the key ministries of Economics, Agriculture, Labor and Social Security (held by his CDS-PP ministers), Paulo Portas came to wield political power far beyond the 12% of the national vote his party received in the 2011 elections. As part of his Deputy Prime-Minister attributions, Paulo Portas took charge of the negotiations on Portugal's IMF/EC/ECB-supported program, the terms of which he had publicly declared to be against. However, his only visible act of defiance was the setting up, in December 2013, of a "countdown clock" showing the time remaining until the expiration of the program on 17 May 2014. Through the rest of his mandate that ended in 2015, he raised no major new policy proposals or objections in his capacity as Deputy Prime-Minister, choosing instead to use his economic policy oversight position to travel the world promoting Portuguese companies and products in what appears to have been a continuation of the "economic diplomacy" priority he had established as Minister of Foreign Affairs.

In 2015 Paulo Portas agreed to an electoral alliance between his CDS-PP party and its government coalition partner PSD party as to jointly maximize their numbers of elected members of Parliament on 4 October 2015 Portuguese legislative elections. The alliance (PAF, Portugal in Front) came first in the elections but fell short of a parliamentary majority. Despite upfront opposition from the new majority-holding parties, the PAF alliance accepted to form a minority government and Paulo Portas was re-conducted on 30 October 2015 as Deputy Prime Minister of Portugal's XX Constitutional Government. However, he stayed in office less than a month as his government's program was predictably rejected in Parliament and replaced by a Socialist Party government supported by the far-left parties.

Retirement from CDS-PP Party Leadership, 2016
Having ceased his functions as Deputy Prime-Minister on 26 November 2015, Paulo Portas presented himself in Parliament the following day to take up the position for which he had been elected on 4 October by the Lisbon electoral district. However, one month later (28 December 2015) he announced his resignation from the CDS-PP Party leadership and from his elected position in Parliament on the grounds that "it was time for a new political cycle (...) and for a new generation" to take over the party leadership. Accordingly, on 13 March 2016, Paulo Portas stepped down in acclaim at a special convention of his CDS-PP party where he was replaced by his longtime protégée and former government colleague Assunção Cristas. Shortly afterwards, he became vice-president of the Portuguese Chamber of Commerce—a non-remunerated position that allowed him to continue traveling to promote Portuguese enterprises abroad as he had been doing in the government. He left Parliament in June 2016 to return to political commentary on TV with a weekly show on TVI Portugal.

Ministry of Defence
In 2002, Portas became Minister of Defence and made a historic seafront fort of São Julião da Barra his "official residence". Paulo Portas was the first Minister of Defence to openly move into the fort, which resulted in the closing of most of the historic monument to the public and in new remodeling and upkeep costs for Portas's occupancy. He defended his move to the fort as "a gain for the State." Upon becoming Minister of Defence in 2002, Paulo Portas also rescinded a previous contract for the purchase of nine EC-635 helicopters from European manufacturer Eurocopter Group on the grounds that the helicopters had not been delivered when stipulated. He then considered rescinding another existing contract for the purchase of twelve helicopters NH-90, manufactured by Nato Helicopters Industries (a subsidiary of Eurocopter Group) and buy American-made Blackhawk helicopters instead but he eventually authorized the NH-90 helicopters purchase in the amount of 420 million euros. Paulo Portas then went ahead with the purchase of twelve EH101 helicopters from manufacturer AgustaWestland at a total cost of 300 million euros for Portugal. However the purchase price for the EH101s did not include their maintenance, which subsequently added an extra 120 million euros to the price and raised questions on whether the helicopter deals were in the best interests of Portugal both in terms of the high cost and the multiple configurations.

The "irrevocable" resignation from Cabinet
In 2013, when Portas resigned "from the Government" he stated in his press communiqué that his resignation was "irrevocable" but then agreed to stay on in the government in a higher capacity as Deputy Prime-Minister. Portas' resignation was reported to be an impulsive but genuine gesture of protest, to distance himself from an increasingly unpopular government that went awry. Portas explained his change of mind about resigning saying he "preferred to pay a reputation price for a better future" and that "the country comes first."

Personal life
Portas is a lifelong bachelor, who has never publicly assumed a romantic relationship and who invariably attends his many official functions unescorted or in the casual company of socialite women known to be attached to other men. He has no children but has expressed his wish to "become a father one day." Portas is known to be a fan of Parov Stelar, a well-known Electro Swing musician, and a supporter of Lisbon football team Sporting Clube de Portugal. He is also reported to be a compulsive cigarette smoker, a cinephile and a history-buff.

Foreign

 * 🇲🇽 Mexico: Sash of the Order of the Aztec Eagle (7 October 2014)
 * 🇵🇪 Peru Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru (16 October 2016)
 * 🇵🇱 Poland: Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (16 July 2012)
 * 🇷🇴 Romania: Commander of the Order of the Star of Romania (16 October 2016)
 * 🇪🇸 Spain: Commander by Number of the Order of Civil Merit (17 August 1988)

title: Paulo Portas


text:
Talk:VIA C4

"One criticized more than one once VIA..." I'd edit this but I'm not sure what you're trying to say.. pomegranate 22:57, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived debate of the proposal. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the debate was to merge with VIA C3 --Lox (t,c) 20:11, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

The C4 was never released - it was a planned clone of the P4 that got cancelled, because the high clock speed methodology became discredited, due to thermal issues. VIA found small, cheap, low power, a more marketable proposition. Merge to VIA_C3 which alreayd covers this matter. Timharwoodx 10:42, 26 December 2005 (UTC)

Voting

 * Support I support a Merge and redirect rather than a move --Lox (t,c) 21:30, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

Discussion

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the debate. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:VIA C4


text:
User:Odinsdream

[simplykiwi.com]

title: User:Odinsdream


text:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Zombie Panic!

Non-notable Half Life mod. Previously listed as a speedy delete, but it doesn't meet the SD criteria. --Diberri | Talk 22:57, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC) Twilight 20:33, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * reads like a copyvio though. --Ianb 23:01, 9 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Ah, I missed that. It's a copy of . I've marked it accordingly. --Diberri | Talk 23:54, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Update: May not be a copyvio (see talk); followed up with CoP. Please vote based on the article's encyclopedic potential and not on its copyvio status. --Diberri | Talk 20:15, Aug 12, 2004 (UTC)
 * OK, but I'm not convinced of the enyclopedic worth of this. Is it released (the site speaks of game testers), is it known in the Half-Life community? I have no idea (third party opinions welcome though), but on the basis of the available evidence (including just one google hit) it sounds like advertising for something new... (even it it is an excellent product, which is not the matter of debate). Delete. --Ianb 23:10, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete —Rory ☺ 23:09, Aug 9, 2004 (UTC)
 * Delete: I don't think that a mod of this level and preliminary nature offers us evidence of notability that we can verify. The article doesn't help us. Geogre 00:44, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * Keep: I thought the gameplay was fairly unique and therefore somewhat notable as compared to most mods (ie, all but one person starting on one team, and then gradually joining the other team as they die.). Other Half-Life mods that are shown on the "List of Half-Life mods" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Half-life_mods) page that are not necessarily very well-known or popular, or even unique, and yet they are still listed. The only difference here is that I actually wrote up a description of the mod (The excerpt is a description I wrote for the site that the excerpt is taken from, so there is no copy-right violation. I am the mod's leader, after all...) for when you click on the Wiki page for it, whereas many of the other mods, such as "Drug Barons", "Xen Exploration Team", and "Rats-Mod" have nothing on their correlating page. In other words, if it's a case of popularity or being well-known, then there are already other mods listed there that are not necessarily very popular or well-known. The main difference was I wrote up information for the mod's wikipage itself, and many of the others have nothing linked to them. Perhaps it only deserves to be listed on the HL mods list page along with the others, but is not well-known enough to warrant it's own page with information?
 * Twilight, I know that the List of Half-Life mods isn't presently organized with paragraphas about each mod, but how about writing some description there? The question under consideration here, as nearly as I can summarize it, is not how good or unique the mod is, as much as whether it is known to such a degree that people will search for and need information on it.  Since this is broken out into a separate article, there is also a question of whether people know this mod outside of Half-Life's mod community.  No one is against a description of the modification, that I can tell, but it is quite possible that a poor mod that gets on more computers is going to be more useful to an encyclopedia than a brilliant but unknown one.  Again, for my part, I would love to see some description in the List article, if the break-out article does not survive the VfD vote. Geogre 21:20, 13 Aug 2004 (UTC)

It would seem that it did not survive. I'll write up a description for the HL mod list. How long should it be, to avoid aggravating/annoying/worrying people? Thanks for the vote of confidence, in any case. Twilight


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Category:Nuclear technology

Nuclear technology is technology pertaining to the reactions of atomic nuclei. Often this implies technology related to nuclear reactions such as nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

title: Category:Nuclear technology